id,title,abstract
1,Abstract #1,"emergence of HIV as a chronic condition means that people living with HIV are required to take more responsibility for the self-management of their condition , including making physical , emotional and social adjustments . paper describes the design and evaluation of Positive Outlook , an online program aiming to enhance the self-management skills of gay men living with HIV . study is designed as a randomised controlled trial in which men living with HIV in Australia will be assigned to either an intervention group or usual care control group . intervention group will participate in the online group program ` Positive Outlook ' . program is based on self-efficacy theory and uses a self-management approach to enhance skills , confidence and abilities to manage the psychosocial issues associated with HIV in daily life . will access the program for a minimum of 90 minutes per week over seven weeks . outcomes are domain specific self-efficacy , HIV related quality of life , and outcomes of health education . outcomes include : depression , anxiety and stress ; general health and quality of life ; adjustment to HIV ; and social support . collection will take place at baseline , completion of the intervention ( or eight weeks post randomisation ) and at 12 week follow-up . of the Positive Outlook study will provide information regarding the effectiveness of online group programs improving health related outcomes for men living with HIV . ."
2,Abstract #2,"aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy , safety and complications of orbital steroid injection versus oral steroid therapy in the management of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy . total of 29 patients suffering from thyroid ophthalmopathy were included in this study . were randomized into two groups : group I included 15 patients treated with oral prednisolone and group II included 14 patients treated with peribulbar triamcinolone orbital injection . 12 patients in both groups ( 16 female and 8 male ) completed the study . groups showed improvement in symptoms and in clinical evidence of inflammation with improvement of eye movement and proptosis in most cases . exophthalmometry value before treatment was 22.6 1.98 mm that decreased to 18.6 0.996 mm in group I , compared with 23 1.86 mm that decreased to 19.08 1.16 mm in group II . initial clinical activity score was 4.75 1.2 and 5 1.3 for group I and group II before treatment , respectively , which dropped to 0.83 1.2 and 0.83 1.02 , 6 months after treatment , respectively . was no change in the best-corrected visual acuity in both groups . was an increase in body weight , blood sugar , blood pressure and gastritis in group I in 66.7 % , 33.3 % , 50 % and 75 % , respectively , compared with 0 % , 0 % , 8.3 % and 8.3 % in group II . adverse local side effects were observed in group II . steroid injection for thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is effective and safe . eliminates the adverse reactions associated with oral corticosteroid use ."
3,Abstract #3,"aim of this prospective randomized study was to examine whether active counseling and more liberal oral fluid intake decrease postoperative pain , nausea and vomiting in pediatric ambulatory tonsillectomy . , whose child was admitted for ambulatory tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy , were randomly assigned to the study groups ( n = 116 ; 58 families in each group ) . intervention group received the fasting instructions with face-to-face counseling for the child 's active preoperative nutrition , and the control group the fasting instructions according to the hospital 's standard procedure . level of postoperative pain and nausea was scored in the postanesthesia care unit ( PACU ) during the first postoperative hour , as well as at 2 , 4 , 8 and 24h postoperatively . first scoring in PACU was performed by the attending nurse with a 0-10 scale . rest of the estimations were made independently and simultaneously by the children using a VAS scale , and by the parents using a 0-10 scale . children in the control group were in more pain in the PACU than the children in the intervention group , and the difference between the groups was statistically significant ( p = 0.0002 ) . pain scores , according to the children and the parents , increased after the surgery . both groups the highest score values were found at home 8h after surgery , and no significant difference was found between the study groups . the first postoperative morning , the children in the control group were in pain ( p = 0.047 ) . children did not have significant nausea in the PACU , but the nausea increased postoperatively . hours after surgery the children were most nauseous according to all estimations ( 60 % , n = 116 ) . than half of the children vomited and most vomited clotted blood . and vomiting decreased during the evening of the surgery , but six children vomited the next morning , four of them vomited blood . incidence and intensity of postoperative nausea and vomiting between the intervention and control groups were not statistically significant . , preoperative nutritional counseling and more liberal per oral fluid intake appeared to have a positive effect on the children 's well-being and helped them to better tolerate postoperative nausea and vomiting . preoperative counseling about active preoperative nutrition significantly reduces the child 's pain during the first posttonsillectomy hours and might prepare the child to better tolerate the stress of potential postoperative nausea and vomiting ."
4,Abstract #4,"explore the effects of GengNianLe ( GNL , also called perimenopausal depression relieving formula ) , a defined formula of Chinese medicinal herbs in relieving perimenopausal depression in Chinese women . September 2004 and April 2008 , 47 Chinese women were randomized into a GNL group ( n = 21 ) and a control group which received tibolone ( n = 26 ) using a randomization chart . was rated with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD ) . serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) , luteinizing hormone ( LH ) , and estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) were detected before and after the treatment . 12 weeks of treatment , HAMD scores in both groups decreased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) with no significant difference between the groups ( p > 0.05 ) . levels of FSH decreased significantly and the level of E ( 2 ) increased significantly in both groups , and they changed more in the control group . side-effect of treatment was reported in either group during treatment . Chinese medicinal formula GNL showed promise in relieving perimenopausal depression and merits further study ."
5,Abstract #5,"formulations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) are generally considered to be safer alternatives to oral NSAIDs due to lower systemic absorption . conducted randomized , crossover studies that compared the pharmacokinetics ( PK ) , bioequivalence and safety of topical diclofenac sodium 2 % twice daily ( BID ) , diclofenac sodium 1.5 % four times daily ( QID ) and oral diclofenac sodium in healthy subjects . results of three bioequivalence studies are reviewed . adult subjects ( n = 76 ) applied topical diclofenac sodium 2 % solution ( 40.4 mg/2 mL ) BID ; or 1.5 % solution ( 19.3 mg/40 drops ) QID to each knee for 7.5 consecutive days separated by a washout period . ( n = 22 ) in one study also received oral diclofenac sodium 75 mg BID for 7.5 days . diclofenac concentrations were determined from serial blood samples collected on Days 1 and 8 ( steady state ) , and diclofenac PK parameters were estimated by noncompartmental methods . studies demonstrated comparable bioequivalence between the 2 % and 1.5 % topical solutions as well as lower systemic exposure compared to oral dosing ( approximately 93 % less ) . systemic exposure was comparable between the two formulations with only a 12 % difference in the AUCss ( 0-24 ) ( p = 0.140 ) . , both topical solutions demonstrated delayed elimination with a t ( 1/2 ) of 4 - to 6-fold longer , as compared to oral diclofenac . 2 % solution provided more consistent dosing relative to the 1.5 % solution when comparing AUCss ( 0-24 ) and Cmaxss across studies . application site reactions were the most common treatment-emergent adverse event reported with topical diclofenac . steady-state PK profile of topical diclofenac 2 % solution administered BID is similar to that of the 1.5 % solution administered QID . exposure to diclofenac is substantially lower after topical application as compared to oral administration . Study 2 was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ; NCT01202799 ; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=01202799&Search=Search ) ."
6,Abstract #6,"long-term studies have been reported on the effect of training programs on driving after stroke . authors ' primary aim was to determine the effect of simulator versus cognitive rehabilitation therapy on fitness-to-drive at 5 years poststroke . second aim was to investigate differences in clinical characteristics between stroke survivors who resumed and stopped driving . a previously reported randomized controlled trial , 83 stroke survivors received 15 hours of simulator training ( n = 42 ) or cognitive therapy ( n = 41 ) . this 5-year follow-up study , 61 participants were reassessed . decisions were obtained from medical , visual , neuropsychological , and on-road tests ; 44 participants ( simulator group , n = 21 ; cognitive group , n = 23 ) completed all assessments . primary outcome measures were fitness-to-drive decision and current driving status . authors found that 5 years after stroke , 18 of 30 participants ( 60 % ) in the simulator group were considered fit to drive , compared with 15 of 31 ( 48 % ) in the cognitive group ( P = .36 ) ; 34 of 61 ( 56 % ) participants were driving . drivers were younger ( P = .04 ) , had higher Barthel scores ( P = .008 ) , had less comorbidity ( P = .01 ) , and were less severely depressed ( P = .02 ) than those who gave up driving . advantage of simulator-based driving training over cognitive rehabilitation therapy , evident at 6 months poststroke , had faded 5 years later . drivers were younger and less severely affected and depressed than nondrivers ."
7,Abstract #7,"potential of insecticide-treated bednets ( ITNs ) to contribute to child survival has been well documented in randomised controlled trials . coverage has increased rapidly in Kenya from 7 % in 2004 to 67 % in 2006 . aimed to assess the extent to which this investment has led to improvements in child survival . dynamic cohort of about 3500 children aged 1-59 months were enumerated three times at yearly intervals in 72 rural clusters located in four districts of Kenya . effect of ITN use on mortality was assessed with Poisson regression to take account of potential effect-modifying and confounding covariates . children died over 2 years . mortality rates were much the same in the first and second years of the study ( 14.5 per 1000 person-years in the first year and 15.4 per 1000 person-years in the second ) . adjustment for age , time period , and a number of other possible confounding variables , ITN use was associated with a 44 % reduction in mortality ( mortality rate ratio 0.56 , 95 % CI 0.33-0 .96 ; p = 0.04 ) . level of protection corresponds to about seven deaths averted for every 1000 ITNs distributed . combined approach of social marketing followed by mass free distribution of ITNs translated into child survival effects that are comparable with those seen in previous randomised controlled trials ."
8,Abstract #8,"stimulation mapping ( CSM ) commonly uses visual naming to determine resection margins in the dominant hemisphere of patients with epilepsy . naming alone may not identify all language sites in resection-prone areas , prompting additional tasks for comprehensive language mapping . demonstrate word-finding distinctions between visual , auditory , and reading modalities during CSM and the percentage of modality-specific language sites within dominant hemisphere subregions . patients with epilepsy underwent CSM by the use of visual , auditory , and sentence-completion tasks . logistic regression analyzed errors to identify language sites and provide modality-specific percentages within subregions . percentage of sites classified as language sites based on auditory naming was twice as high in anterior temporal regions compared with visual naming , marginally higher in posterior temporal areas , and comparable in parietal regions . completion was comparable to visual and auditory naming in parietal regions and lower in most temporal areas . 470 sites tested with both visual and auditory naming , 95 sites were distinctly auditory , whereas 48 sites were distinctly visual . remaining sites overlapped . cortical areas were found for distinct input modalities , with language sites in anterior tip regions found most often by using auditory naming . vulnerability of anterior temporal tip regions to resection in this population and distinct sites for each modality suggest that a multimodality approach may be needed to spare crucial language sites , if sparing those sites can be shown to significantly reduce the rate of postoperative language deficits without sacrificing seizure control ."
9,Abstract #9,"determine if suppressive acyclovir therapy given to term gravidas experiencing a first episode of genital herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) - infection during pregnancy decreases the need for cesarean delivery for that indication . pregnant women with first episodes of genital herpes during pregnancy were randomly assigned to receive oral acyclovir 400 mg or placebo , three times per day , from 36 weeks ' gestation until delivery as part of a prospective , double-blind trial . simplex virus cultures were obtained when patients presented for delivery . delivery was permitted if no clinical recurrence was present ; otherwise , a cesarean was performed . HSV cultures were obtained and infants were followed-up clinically . of the 21 patients treated with acyclovir and nine of 25 ( 36 % ) treated with placebo had clinical evidence of recurrent genital herpes at delivery ( odds ratio [ OR ] 0.04 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.002-0 .745 ; P = .002 ) . woman treated with acyclovir had a cesarean for herpes , compared with nine of 25 ( 36 % ) of those treated with placebo ( OR 0.04 , CI 0.002-0 .745 ; P = .002 ) . patient in either treatment group experienced asymptomatic genital viral shedding at delivery . neonate had evidence of herpes infection or adverse effects from acyclovir . acyclovir therapy reduced the need for cesarean for recurrent herpes in women whose first clinical episode of genital HSV occurred during pregnancy . acyclovir treatment did not increase asymptomatic viral shedding and was not harmful to the term fetus ."
10,Abstract #10,"compare the tolerance , efficacy , and pharmacokinetics of amphotericin deoxycholate ( Fungizone ) prepared in a parenteral fat emulsion ( Intralipid 20 % ) or glucose in HIV patients with candidiasis . randomised controlled trial . hospital ; tertiary clinical care . HIV positive patients with oral candidiasis . 1 mg/kg/day given on four consecutive days as a one hour infusion dissolved in either 5 % glucose ( amphotericin-glucose ) or parenteral fat emulsion at a final concentration of 2 g/l fat emulsion ( amphotericin-fat emulsion ) . tolerance ( fever , chills , sweats , nausea , arterial pressure , and pulse rate ) ; biological tolerance ( serum creatinine , electrolyte , and magnesium values ) ; clinical score of candidiasis ; and serum concentrations of amphotericin . patients were enrolled in each group . the amphotericin-fat emulsion infusions were given without serious problem whereas four amphotericin-glucose infusions were stopped because of renal impairment ( n = 3 ) or severe chills ( n = 2 ) , or both . patients completing the amphotericin-glucose treatment creatine concentration increased by 42 mumol/l ; four of seven patients had at least one creatinine value > or = 133 mumol/l versus one of 11 receiving amphotericin-fat emulsion . concentration fell significantly with amphotericin-glucose but not with amphotericin-fat emulsion . side effects were noted in 36/38 infusions with amphotericin-glucose but 10/44 with amphotericin-fat emulsion . candidiasis score was reduced similarly in both groups . amphotericin concentrations were significantly lower and the volume of distribution of the drug higher after infusion of amphotericin-fat emulsion than after amphotericin-glucose . and renal toxicity of amphotericin are reduced when the drug is prepared in fat emulsion . is simple and cost effective . efficacy is similar to that of conventional amphotericin ."
11,Abstract #11,"control of atrial fibrillation ( AF ) has become a main treatment modality , but we need more knowledge regarding the different drugs used for this purpose . this study , we aimed to compare the effect of four common rate-reducing drugs on exercise capacity and levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) in patients with permanent AF . included 60 patients ( mean age 71 9 years , 18 women ) with permanent AF and normal left ventricular function in a randomized , cross-over , investigator-blind study . 360 mg , verapamil 240 mg , metoprolol 100 mg , and carvedilol 25 mg were administered o.d. for 3 weeks . baseline and on the last day of each treatment period , the patients underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test and blood samples were obtained at rest and at peak exercise . exercise capacity ( peak VO2 ) was significantly lower during treatment with metoprolol and carvedilol compared with baseline ( no treatment ) or treatment with diltiazem and verapamil ( P < 0.001 for all ) . with baseline , treatment with diltiazem and verapamil significantly reduced the NT-proBNP levels both at rest and at peak exercise , whereas treatment with metoprolol and carvedilol increased the levels ( P < 0.05 for all ) . treatment with diltiazem or verapamil preserved exercise capacity and reduced levels of NT-proBNP compared with baseline , whereas treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol reduced the exercise capacity and increased levels of NT-proBNP ."
12,Abstract #12,"prophylaxis for rabies with cell culture vaccines by the conventional intramuscular regimen is very expensive . World Health Organization has advocated two cost-effective intradermal regimens with cell culture vaccines for use in developing countries . evaluated these two regimens -- the 2-site and the 8-site regimens -- in terms of immunogenicity , safety and tolerance in people with category I exposure to rabies . subjects who had mild category I exposure to rabies were immunized using a purified chick embryo cell vaccine . first regimen given to 43 subjects , consisted of intradermal administration of 0.2 ml of vaccine at 2 sites on days 0 , 3 and 7 and at one site on days 28 and 90 . second regimen , given to 39 subjects , consisted of intradermal administration of 0.1 ml of vaccine at 8 sites on day 0 , at 4 sites on day 7 and at one site on days 28 and 90 . mouse neutralization test was used to estimate titres of rabies neutralizing antibody in these subjects on different days after vaccination . subjects were followed up for 1 year . regimens produced adequate neutralizing antibody titres from day 14 onwards , though the second regimen produced a more rapid antibody response and significantly higher titres ( p < 0.001 ) on all days tested . were minimal side-effects and both regimens were well tolerated . the 2-site and 8-site intradermal regimens with purified chick embryo cell vaccine produce adequate levels of neutralizing antibodies but the 8-site regimen appears to be more immunogenic . feasibility of using these cost-effective regimens in routine practice needs to be further evaluated under the field conditions prevalent in India ."
13,Abstract #13,"experiments are based on the premise that any good or service can be described by its characteristics ( or attributes ) , and the extent to which an individual values a good or service depends on the levels of these characteristics . is known about patient preferences for treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain such as Achilles tendinopathy . discrete-choice experiment was conducted in 58 adults with a history of Achilles tendon pain at the conclusion of a three-arm randomized clinical trial . were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of ten hypothetical treatment scenarios and some sociodemographic questions . each scenario , participants were asked to choose which option they would prefer if seeking treatment for their painful Achilles tendon . mixed logit model was estimated to quantify subject preferences and marginal willingness to pay for the treatment attributes . response rate of 62 % was achieved . significant positive impact on utility was observed for chance of treatment success . significant negative impact on utility was observed for cost , weeks before exercise can be completed free of pain , chance of side effects ( p = 0.06 ) , and injections as a stand-alone treatment . were willing to pay Australian dollars ( $ A ) 238 ( 95 % CI -312 , 788 ) for a 10 % increase in the chance of treatment success . participants with Achilles tendon pain who had either participated or expressed an interest in participating in a randomized trial prefer a treatment that costs less , has a greater chance of success , has a shorter duration before being able to exercise free of pain , and has less likelihood of side effects . average , participants preferred exercises over injections as a stand-alone treatment . research is required to confirm the findings in patients outside of the trial setting . , this study contributes to an area that is deficient in research by identifying priorities and marginal willingness to pay for attributes related to Achilles tendinopathy ."
14,Abstract #14,"prasugrel plus bivalirudin is a superior strategy to unfractionated heparin plus clopidogrel in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) has never been assessed in specifically designed randomized trials . Bavarian Reperfusion Alternatives Evaluation ( BRAVE ) 4 study is an investigator-initiated , randomized , open-label , multicentre trial , designed to test the hypothesis that in STEMI patients with planned primary PCI a strategy based on prasugrel plus bivalirudin is superior to a strategy based on clopidogrel plus heparin in terms of net clinical outcome . to slow recruitment , the trial was stopped prematurely after enrolment of 548 of 1240 planned patients . 30 days , the primary composite endpoint of death , myocardial infarction , unplanned revascularization of the infarct related artery , stent thrombosis , stroke , or bleeding was observed in 42 patients ( 15.6 % ) randomized to prasugrel plus bivalirudin and 40 patients ( 14.5 % ) randomized to clopidogrel plus heparin [ relative risk , 1.09 ; one-sided 97.5 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0-1 .79 , P = 0.680 ] . composite ischaemic endpoint of death , myocardial infarction , unplanned revascularization of the infarct-related artery , stent thrombosis , or stroke occurred in 13 patients ( 4.8 % ) in the prasugrel plus bivalirudin group and 15 patients ( 5.5 % ) in the clopidogrel plus heparin group ( relative risk , 0.89 ; 95 % CI 0.40-1 .96 , P = 0.894 ) . according to the HORIZONS-AMI definition was observed in 38 patients ( 14.1 % ) in the prasugrel plus bivalirudin group and 33 patients ( 12.0 % ) in the clopidogrel plus heparin group ( relative risk , 1.18 ; 95 % CI 0.74-1 .88 , P = 0.543 ) . were consistent across various subgroups of patients . this randomized trial of STEMI patients , we were unable to demonstrate significant differences in net clinical outcome between prasugrel plus bivalirudin and clopidogrel plus heparin . the composite of ischaemic complications nor bleeding were favourably affected by prasugrel plus bivalirudin compared with a regimen of clopidogrel plus unfractionated heparin . , the results must be interpreted in view of the premature termination of the trial . identifier NCT00976092 ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ) ."
15,Abstract #15,"evaluate the long-term recurrence rates and complication of different techniques of cervical ablation . randomized trial of three techniques of conization ( cold knife , laser , and loop electrosurgical excisional procedure ( LEEP ) ) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) in which 110 patients had been recruited . patients were followed-up for more than 3 years . these 28 had been treated with the cold knife , 29 with LEEP and 29 by laser . recurrences were observed , one in the cold knife group , two in the LEEP group and two in the laser group ( P = NS ) . only observed complication was cervical stenosis : zero cases in the laser group , one case in the LEEP group and four cases in the cold knife group ( laser versus cold knife : P = 0.03 ; LEEP versus cold knife : P = 0.06 ) . pregnancies were observed in 39 patients . and second trimester outcomes of pregnancy were without complications . patient treated with the LEEP presented with a premature rupture of membranes and premature labor at 36 weeks . total of nine cesarean sections were performed with two cases for cervical dystocia . is no major difference in obstetrical outcome between the three techniques ."
16,Abstract #16,"determine whether macronutrient composition of a hypocaloric diet can enhance its effectiveness and whether insulin sensitivity ( Si ) affects the response to hypocaloric diets . nondiabetic insulin-sensitive ( fasting insulin < 10 microU/mL ; n = 12 ) and obese nondiabetic insulin-resistant ( fasting insulin > 15 microU/mL ; n = 9 ) women ( 23 to 53 years old ) were randomized to either a high carbohydrate ( CHO ) ( HC ) / low fat ( LF ) ( 60 % CHO , 20 % fat ) or low CHO ( LC ) / high fat ( HF ) ( 40 % CHO , 40 % fat ) hypocaloric diet . outcome measures after a 16-week dietary intervention were : changes in body weight ( BW ) , Si , resting metabolic rate , and fasting lipids . women on the HC/LF diet lost 13.5 + / - 1.2 % ( p < 0.001 ) of their initial BW , whereas those on the LC/HF diet lost 6.8 + / - 1.2 % ( p < 0.001 ; p < 0.002 between the groups ) . contrast , among the insulin-resistant women , those on the LC/HF diet lost 13.4 + / - 1.3 % ( p < 0.001 ) of their initial BW as compared with 8.5 + / - 1.4 % ( p < 0.001 ) lost by those on the HC/LF diet ( p < 0.04 between two groups ) . differences could not be explained by changes in resting metabolic rate , activity , or intake . , changes in Si were associated with the degree of weight loss ( r = -0.57 , p < 0.05 ) . state of Si determines the effectiveness of macronutrient composition of hypocaloric diets in obese women . maximal benefit , the macronutrient composition of a hypocaloric diet may need to be adjusted to correspond to the state of Si ."
17,Abstract #17,"compare the effects of dry needling of myofascial trigger points in the neck region to metoprolol in migraine prophylaxis . , group comparative study . , investigator and statistician were blinded as to treatment , the therapist was blinded as to results . pain clinic in the northern Copenhagen area . were referred by general practitioners or respondents to newspaper advertisements . were patients with a history of migraine with or without aura for at least 2 years . were persons with contraindications against treatment with beta blockers , chronic pain syndromes , pregnancy or previous experience with acupuncture or beta-blocking agents . total of 85 patients were included ; 77 completed the study . a 4-week run-in period , patients were allocated to a 17-week regimen either with acupuncture and placebo tablets or to placebo stimulation and metoprolol 100 mg daily . groups exhibited significant reduction in attack frequency ( P < 0.01 ) . difference was found between the groups regarding frequency ( P > 0.20 ) or duration ( P > 0.10 ) of attacks , whereas we found a significant difference in global rating of attacks in favour of metoprolol ( P < 0.05 ) . point inactivation by dry needling is a valuable supplement to the list of migraine prophylactic tools , being equipotent to metoprolol in the influence on frequency and duration ( but not severity ) of attacks , and superior in terms of negative side-effects ."
18,Abstract #18,"study aimed to evaluate the effects of monophasic estrogen-progestogen therapy on the sexuality and climacteric symptoms of postmenopausal women . prospective , randomised , double-blind , crossover , placebo-controlled , single-centre study was carried out over a total of 12 consecutive months in 40 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus who had no contraindications to hormone therapy . received 17beta-estradiol 2mg in combination with norethisterone acetate 1mg ( Cliane ) daily for 6 months or one placebo tablet daily for 6 months . tablets were identical in appearance . 6 months , the groups were crossed over and the patients were followed up for another 6 months . groups were homogenous with respect to age , height , bodyweight , body mass index and race . the statistical analysis , the group receiving hormone therapy was referred to as group A and the placebo group was designated group B , irrespective of the placebo/hormone therapy sequence . group A there were fewer hot flashes ( F = 22.85 , p < 0.01 ) and an improvement in sexual interest ( F = 5.55 , p < 0.05 ) . sequence in which the medication was received resulted in a statistically significant difference with respect to dyspareunia ( F = 9.65 , p < 0.01 ) and satisfaction with the duration of penetration ( F = 6.58 , p < 0.05 ) . the intrapatient analysis of variation with respect to orgasmic capability and the presence of dialogue with partner regarding the couple 's sexual life , whether the placebo was taken prior to or following hormone therapy was significant ( F = 17.12 , p < 0.001 and F = 7.10 , p < 0.05 , respectively ) . estrogen-progestogen therapy has a beneficial effect on sexuality and on hot flashes in postmenopausal women ."
19,Abstract #19,"investigate the clinical effect of the Chinese medicinal preparation Shengling Capsule on patients with oligoasthenospermia . total of 270 male patients with infertility induced by oligoasthenospermia were equally divided into a treatment and a control group , the former medicated with Shengling Capsule at the dose of 1.6 g tid , and the latter given Vit E at 50 mg tid , both for a course of 12 weeks . we analyzed the changes in the patients ` seminal parameters and the pregnancy of their wives . 12 weeks of medication , both the seminal parameters of the patients and pregnancy of their wives were remarkably improved , with extremely significant differences from pre-treatment and the control ( P < 0.01 ) . Capsule can improve sperm motility and vitality as well as sperm count . few adverse effects , it can be used as a safe and effective therapeutic for male infertility induced by oligoasthenospermia ."
20,Abstract #20,"assess the usefulness of HELISAL in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by comparing it with ELISA , JATROX and histopathologic findings . prospective study . patients , thirty-three males and twenty-eight females , 18-73 years old , submitted to esophagogastroduodenoscopy . sensitivity of HELISAL when compared to ELISA test was 60.8 % , the specificity 73.3 % , the positive predictive value 87.5 % , the negative predictive value 37.9 % , and the kappa index 0.26 . compared to histopathologic test : sensitivity 60.9 % , specificity 65 % , positive predictive value 78.1 % , negative predictive value 44.7 % , kappa 0.28 . compared to JATROX , sensitivity 57.7 % , specificity 62.5 % , positive predictive value 81.2 % , negative predictive value 34.4 % , kappa 0.21 . sensitivity of HELISAL test is lower than that of other compared tests , and the negative predictive value is very low . specificity and the positive predictive value are higher than the sensitivity . kappa index shows a very low concordance ."
21,Abstract #21,"evaluate the effects of simvastatin on serum lipids and insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolaemia . double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled and two-period crossover study . a 2-month run-in , 19 eligible Type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolaemia were randomized to receive either simvastatin or placebo for 3 months , exchanging their treatment thereafter for another 3 months . samples were taken in month 0 and at monthly intervals to measure serum lipids and indices of glycaemic control . euglycaemic insulin clamp was performed in months 0 , 3 and 6 to assess change of insulin sensitivity . amount of glucose infused during 90-120 min of the clamp ( M ) , and the mean values of serum insulin during 90-120 min ( I ) were measured . M and M/I ratio were used to represent the in vivo insulin sensitivity of the subject . significantly reduced serum total cholesterol ( TC ) by 23 + / -18 % and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) by 30 + / -26 % . did not alter glycaemic control . M-values and M/I ratios were similar in both groups in each period and no drug effect on insulin sensitivity could be identified . significantly reduced the serum TC and LDL-C levels without alteration of insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetic patients with hypercholesterolaemia ."
22,Abstract #22,"African American women have a 2-3 times greater incidence of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) than do white women . plasma lipid responsiveness to dietary fat , which may be associated with CHD , has not been adequately studied in premenopausal African American or white women . objective of our study was to compare the effect of diet on fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins and postprandial lipemia in premenopausal African American and white women . African American and 9 white healthy premenopausal women were fed a low-fat , high-fiber diet and a high-fat , low-fiber diet for 4 wk each in a randomized crossover design . plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and the 24-h plasma triacylglycerol response to a standard fatty test meal were measured at the end of each dietary period . total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were higher after the high-fat , low-fiber diet in both white and African American women ( P < 0.0001 ) . 24-h area under the plasma triacylglycerol curve after the test meal was lower after the low-fat diet than after the high-fat diet ( P < 0.04 ) . American and white women had lower fasting plasma total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations and less postprandial lipemia after the low-fat than the high-fat diet . low in total and saturated fat and cholesterol and high in fiber may reduce the risk of CHD by lowering fasting plasma total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations and by reducing the lipemic response to fatty meals ."
23,Abstract #23,"is a 3-adrenoceptor agonist used for the treatment of overactive bladder . is formulated as an extended-release tablet using oral controlled-absorption system ( OCAS ) technology . study was designed to assess the effects of food on the pharmacokinetic properties of mirabegron OCAS in accordance with regulatory requirements to support dosing recommendations . this single-dose , randomized , open-label , 3-period , parallel-dose-group , crossover study , mirabegron OCAS 50 or 100 mg was administered orally to healthy adult subjects in the fasted state or after a high - or low-fat breakfast . administrations were separated by a washout period of at least 10 days . samples were drawn up to 96 hours after dosing , and plasma concentrations of mirabegron were analyzed by LC/MS-MS . properties were determined using noncompartmental methods . end points for the assessment of food effects were Cmax and AUC0 - . tolerability assessment , adverse events ( AEs ) were monitored using investigators ' questionnaires and subjects ' spontaneous reports , vital sign measurements , hematology , clinical chemistry , and ECG . subjects ( male , 50 % ; mean age , 32.1 years ; mean weight , 77.3 kg ; race , 76.3 % white ) were enrolled in the 50-mg dose group and 38 subjects ( male , 52.6 % ; mean age , 30.9 years ; mean weight , 74.5 kg ; race , 63.2 % white ) in the 100-mg dose group . either fed condition or dose , the 90 % CIs for the fed/fasted ratios of both Cmax and AUC0 - of mirabegron fell below the predetermined range for bioequivalence ( 80.0 % -125.0 % ) , suggesting that food had no effect on exposure to mirabegron OCAS . the 50-mg dose , mirabegron Cmax was reduced by 45 % with a high-fat breakfast compared with fasted conditions ( geometric mean ratio [ GMR ] , 54.8 % [ 90 % CI , 43.7 % -68.6 % ] ) and AUC0 - , by 17 % ( GMR , 83.2 % [ 90 % CI , 74.2 % -93.4 % ] ) . the 100-mg dose , mirabegron Cmax and AUC0 - were reduced by 39 % ( GMR , 61.3 % [ 90 % CI , 47.8 % -78.7 % ] ) and 18 % ( 82.4 % [ 72.6 % -93.5 % ] ) , respectively , after a high-fat breakfast . the 50-mg dose , mirabegron Cmax was decreased by 75 % ( GMR , 25.0 % [ 90 % CI , 19.9 % -31.3 % ] ) and AUC0 - by 51 % ( 48.7 % [ 43.3 % -54.7 % ] ) after a low-fat breakfast . reductions with the 100-mg dose were 64 % ( GMR , 36.3 % [ 90 % CI , 28.2 % -46.8 % ] ) for Cmax and 47 % ( GMR , 53.2 % [ 90 % CI , 46.8 % -60.5 % ] ) for AUC0 - . fed/fasted ratios for mirabegron Cmax and AUC0 - were in general independent of dose or sex . delayed Tmax compared with the fasted state , with similar increases with the high - and low-fat meals ( 0.9 hours with 50 mg and 1.5-2 .0 hours with 100 mg ) . was generally well tolerated , with no apparent difference in AE frequency between the fasted and fed states . OCAS tablets exhibited a decrease in mirabegron plasma exposure with food that was independent of dose ( 50 or 100 mg ) or gender but dependent on meal composition . greater reduction in mirabegron exposure was observed after a low-fat breakfast compared with after a high-fat breakfast . on findings from previous studies , the effects of food observed in this study do not warrant dose adjustment in clinical practice . identifier : NCT00939757 ."
24,Abstract #24,"purpose of this study was to determine predictors of worsening insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women . nonobese postmenopausal women were assigned randomly to receive hormone replacement therapy ( conjugated estrogens , 0.625 mg , plus medroxyprogesterone acetate , 2.5 mg ) or placebo daily for 1 year ( 34 women received hormone replacement therapy , and 37 women received placebo ) . baseline and 12 months , the women received a computed tomography scan at the L4-L5 vertebral disk space , a dual x-ray absorptiometry scan , a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity , and a lipid profile . insulin sensitivity was defined as the largest quartile change in insulin sensitivity in the women who received the placebo ( -1.42 mg/min/kg lean body mass ) . univariate analysis , we found that significant predictors of worsening insulin sensitivity were the use of hormone replacement therapy , baseline insulin sensitivity , a younger age , and < 10 years since menopause . logistic regression , we determined that hormone replacement therapy use and higher baseline insulin sensitivity were independent predictors of worsening insulin sensitivity . use of hormone replacement therapy and baseline insulin sensitivity are significant independent predictors of the development of worsening insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women ."
25,Abstract #25,"surgery of oropharyngeal tumors frequently leads to defects in the speech organs , resulting in impairment of speech up to the point of unintelligibility . aim of the present study was the assessment of selected parameters of speech with and without resection prostheses . speech sounds of 22 patients suffering from maxillary and mandibular defects were recorded using a digital audio tape ( DAT ) recorder with and without resection prostheses . of the resonance and the production of the sounds / s / , / sch / , and / ch / was performed by 2 experienced speech therapists . , the patients completed a non-standardized questionnaire containing a linguistic self-assessment . prosthesis supply , the number of patients with rhinophonia aperta decreased from 7 to 2 while the number of patients with intelligible speech increased from 2 to 20 . production of the sounds / s / , / sch / , and / ch / increased from 2 to 13 patients . significant improvement of the evaluated parameters could be observed only in patients with maxillary defects . linguistic self-assessment showed a higher satisfaction in patients with maxillary defects . patients with maxillary defects due to ablative tumor surgery , an increase in speech performance and intelligibility is possible by supplying resection prostheses ."
26,Abstract #26,"is the drug of choice for medical abortion worldwide but consensus is yet to be reached regarding its preferred route of administration . compare the outcome of sublingual with vaginal administrations of misoprostol for induction of second trimester abortion . randomised comparative trial where 300 women at 13-20 weeks gestation , requiring medical abortion , were randomly assigned to sublingual or vaginal route for misoprostol administration with a dose schedule of 400 microg three-hourly , up to a maximum five doses over 24 h. same doses were repeated for another 24 h in non-responders . outcome measure was complete abortion rate at 24 and 48 h , and the secondary outcome measures were induction-abortion interval , failure rate , side-effects and patients ' preference to the route . statistically significant differences in the complete abortion rates were observed at 24 h ( 64.03 % vs 61.59 % , P = 0.767 ) and at 48 h ( 79.14 % vs 82.01 % , P = 0.651 ) when sublingual and vaginal groups were compared . induction-abortion intervals in sublingual and vaginal groups were 14.1 and 14.5 h , respectively ( P = 0.066 ) . outcome measures were also more or less similar in both groups . in the incidence of side-effects were also statistically insignificant when both groups were compared . administration of the drug was preferred by most of the women as compared to vaginal administration ( P < 0.0001 ) . sublingual and vaginal administrations of misoprostol are equally effective in inducing medical abortion during second trimester but sublingual route was preferred by the patients ."
27,Abstract #27,"test the hypothesis that a garlic supplement alters plasma lipoproteins , postprandial lipemia , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) size and high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) subclass distribution differently in 50 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects classified as LDL subclass pattern A or B. has been variably reported to reduce or not affect plasma cholesterol values . lipoprotein pattern B is a common inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism that has been shown to have a significantly greater response to several lipid lowering treatments including low fat diet when compared with LDL pattern A individuals . double blind , randomized , placebo controlled trial in an outpatient lipid research clinic was performed and included fifty moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects ( mean LDL cholesterol = 166 + / - 22 mg/dl ) classified as LDL subclass pattern A ( predominantly large LDL , n = 22 ) or B ( predominantly small LDL , n = 28 ) . a two-month stabilization period , subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo or 300 mg three times a day of a standardized garlic tablet for three months . all subjects , LDL pattern A and B subjects combined , garlic treatment for three months resulted in no significant change in total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , HDL cholesterol , HDL subclass distribution , postprandial triglycerides , apolipoprotein B , lipoprotein ( a ) ( Lp [ a ] ) , LDL peak particle diameter or LDL subclass distribution . was no significant difference in response for the same parameters among subjects classified as LDL pattern A or B with the exception of significantly greater ( p = 0.01 ) reduction in mean peak particle diameter in pattern A subjects treated with either garlic or placebo . was no significant change in LDL subclass distribution . investigation confirms that garlic therapy has no effect on major plasma lipoproteins and further , that it has no impact on HDL subclasses , Lp ( a ) , apolipoprotein B , postprandial triglycerides or LDL subclass distribution . may have a greater effect on LDL particle diameter in LDL pattern A compared with pattern B subjects . difference was not reflected in other plasma lipid measurements ."
28,Abstract #28,"is the criterion standard for mucosal lesions of terminal ileum but is performed in 5 % of colonoscopy activity , and the need for training is undefined . assess the learning curve and skill-keeping line of ileoscopy . randomized study . GI endoscopy unit . outpatients referred for colonoscopy . randomization to ileocolonoscopy by trainees and seniors . skill was divided into the following : ileocecal valve ( ICV ) intubation ( success rate , time ) and ileal exploration ( length , time ) . blocks of 10 procedures were used to calculate the learning curve and the skill-keeping line . considered to influence ICV intubation were the following : endoscopist experience , ICV morphology , patient age , gender , body mass index , diverticular disease , and preceding abdominal/pelvic surgery . curve showed that competency in ICV intubation ( 80 % success rate ) and ileal exploration ( 16 cm ) was achieved after 50 procedures . skill-keeping line showed that ileoscopy was easy ( 97 % success rate ) , fast ( 1 minute ) , and well accepted up to 45 cm of the ileum . and volcanic ICV are the most difficult and easiest to intubate , respectively . 's disease and adenomas of the proximal edge of ICV were diagnosed in 2.2 % . in ileoscopy is recommended to achieve competency , and endoscopists should consider practicing ICV intubation to maintain and increase their skill . can be difficult when the ICV is thin lipped or single bulged , and easy when it has a volcanic morphology ."
29,Abstract #29,"estimate minimally important differences ( MIDs ) in scores for the modified Rodnan Skin Score ( mRSS ) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index ( HAQ-DI ) in a clinical trial on diffuse systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) . people participated in a 2-year , double-blind , randomised clinical trial comparing efficacy of low-dose and high-dose D-penicillamine in diffuse SSc . 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 months , the investigator was asked to rate the change in the patient 's health since entering the study : markedly worsened , moderately worsened , slightly worsened , unchanged , slightly improved , moderately improved or markedly improved . who were rated as slightly improved were defined as the minimally changed subgroup and compared with patients rated as moderately or markedly improved . MID estimates for the mRSS improvement ranged from 3.2 to 5.3 ( 0.40-0 .66 effect size ) and for the HAQ-DI from 0.10 to 0.14 ( 0.15-0 .21 effect size ) . who were rated to improve more than slightly were found to improve by 6.9-14 .2 ( 0.86-1 .77 effect size ) on the mRSS and 0.21-0 .55 ( 0.32-0 .83 effect size ) on the HAQ-DI score . estimates are provided for improvement in the mRSS and HAQ-DI scores , which can help in interpreting clinical trials on patients with SSc and be used for sample size calculation for future clinical trials on diffuse SSc ."
30,Abstract #30,"pharmacological glucocorticoid ( GC ) therapy leads to skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness . objective of this study was to investigate whether short-term treatment with GH and testosterone ( T ) can increase lean mass without major impairment of glucose homoeostasis in patients on GC therapy . was a prospective , open-label , randomised , crossover study . men ( age 746 years ) on chronic GC treatment participated . effects of 2 weeks ' treatment with GH , testosterone and the combination of both on lean body mass ( LBM ) , appendicular skeletal muscle mass ( ASMM ) , extracellular water ( ECW ) , body cell mass ( BCM ) and plasma glucose concentrations were investigated . increased significantly after GH ( 1.71.4 kg ; P = 0.007 ) and GH + testosterone ( 2.41.1 kg ; P = 0.003 ) , but not testosterone alone . increased after all three treatment periods ; by 1.00.8 kg after GH ( P = 0.005 ) , 1.70.4 kg after GH + testosterone ( P = 0.002 ) and 0.81.0 kg after testosterone ( P = 0.018 ) . increase in ASMM was larger with combined treatment than either GH or testosterone alone ( P < 0.05 ) . increased significantly after GH + testosterone by 1.52.6 l ( P = 0.038 ) but not after GH or testosterone alone . increased slightly after single and combined treatments , but the changes were not significant . glucose increased significantly after GH ( 0.40.4 mmol/l , P = 0.006 ) while both fasting ( 0.20.3 mmol/l , P = 0.045 ) and post glucose-load ( 1.82.3 mmol/l , P = 0.023 ) plasma glucose concentrations increased after GH + testosterone . and testosterone induce favourable and additive body compositional changes in men on chronic , low-dose GC treatment . the doses used , combination therapy increases fasting and postprandial glucose concentration ."
31,Abstract #31,"rates ( URs ) for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators ( ICDs ) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death ( PPSCD ) are lacking in the community . purpose of this study was to establish the ICD UR in central Indiana . query run on 2 hospitals in a health information exchange database in Indianapolis identified patients between 2011 and 2012 with left ventricular ejection fraction ( EF ) 0.35 . eligibility and utilization were determined from chart review . identified 1863 patients with at least 1 low EF study . cohorts were analyzed : 1672 patients without and 191 patients with International Classification of Diseases , Ninth Revision , Clinical Modification procedure code 37.94 for ICD placement . manually reviewed a stratified ( by hospital ) random sample of 300 patients from the no-ICD procedure code cohort and found that 48 ( 16 % ) had no ICD but had class I indications for ICD . of 300 ( 2.7 % ) actually had ICD implantation for PPSCD . of all 191 patients in the ICD procedure code cohort identified 70 with ICD implantation for PPSCD . ICD UR ( ratio between patients with ICD for PPSCD and all with indication ) was 38 % overall ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 28 % -49 % ) . were 48 % for males ( 95 % CI 34 % -61 % ) , 21 % for females ( 95 % CI 16 % -26 % , P = .0002 vs males ) , 40 % for whites ( 95 % CI 27 % -53 % ) , and 37 % for blacks ( 95 % CI 28 % -46 % , P = .66 vs whites ) . UR is 38 % among patients meeting class I indications , suggesting further opportunities for improving guideline compliance . study also illustrates limitations in calculating ICD UR using large electronic repositories without hands-on chart review ."
32,Abstract #32,"study 's purpose was to analyze the effects of exercise training on exercise tolerance and left ventricular systolic function and structure in heart failure patients with preserved , mild , and moderate to severe reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) . patients with moderate to severe ( n = 34 ) , mild ( n = 33 ) , and preserved ( n = 31 ) LVEF were randomly assigned to exercise training plus usual care ( n = 65 ) or usual care alone ( n = 33 ) in a randomization ratio of 2:1 . ventricular function , left ventricular dimensions , and exercise tolerance were assessed before and after each intervention . tolerance and LVEF increased with exercise training in all patient groups , whereas they remained unchanged after usual care alone . training increased the mean ratio of early to late mitral inflow velocities ( E/A ratio ) and decreased deceleration time ( DT ) of early filling in patients with mild and preserved LVEF . patients with moderate to severe systolic dysfunction and advanced diastolic dysfunction ( DT < 160 ms ) , exercise training decreased E/A ratio and increased DT , both of which were unchanged after usual care alone . the remaining patients ( DT > 160 ms ) , exercise training also improved mitral inflow patterns . training decreased left ventricular dimensions in patients with mild and moderate to severe reduction of LVEF but not in patients with preserved LVEF . results indicate that exercise training can improve the course of heart failure independent of the degree of baseline left ventricular dysfunction ."
33,Abstract #33,"investigate the feasibility of implementing a Sleep Education Program ( SEP ) for improving sleep in adult family home ( AFH ) residents with dementia , and the relative efficacy of SEP compared with usual care control in a pilot randomized controlled trial . AFH staff-caregivers and 47 residents with comorbid dementia and sleep disturbances . consisted of four training sessions with staff-caregivers to develop and implement individualized resident behavioral sleep plans . fidelity to the SEP was assessed following the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) Behavior Change Consortium model utilizing trainer observations and staff-caregiver reports . sleep was assessed by wrist actigraphy at baseline , 1-month posttreatment , and 6-month follow-up . reports of resident daytime sleepiness , depression , and disruptive behaviors were also collected . key area of treatment fidelity ( SEP delivery , receipt , enactment ) was identified , measured , and yielded significant outcomes . learned how to identify sleep scheduling , daily activity , and environmental factors that could contribute to nocturnal disturbances and developed and implemented strategies for modifying these factors . decreased the frequency and disturbance level of target resident nocturnal behaviors and improved actigraphically measured sleep percent and total sleep time over the 6-month follow-up period compared with the control condition . suggest behavioral interventions to improve sleep are feasible to implement in adult family homes and merit further investigation as a promising intervention for use with AFH residents with dementia ."
34,Abstract #34,"compare the effects of prandial insulin therapy focusing on postprandial glucose control vs. basal insulin therapy focusing on fasting glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes . was an open-label , randomized , parallel , three-arm multicenter trial in patients with type 2 diabetes starting insulin treatment . ( n = 159 ) were randomly assigned to 24-week treatment with 3x daily insulin lispro , 3x daily lispro mid mixture ( MidMix ; 50 % lispro , 50 % protaminated lispro ) , or 1x daily insulin glargine ; oral antihyperglycemic agents were discontinued . end point was the postprandial glucose excursion 2 h after breakfast at the end of study . outcomes included HbA1c , self-monitored blood glucose profiles , hypoglycemic episodes , body weight , and patient satisfaction . the end of study , glucose excursions 2 h after breakfast were significantly lower with lispro and MidMix than with glargine ( P < .001 for each vs. glargine ) : lispro , -0.6 + / -2.0 mmol/l ; MidMix , +0.8 + / -2.4 mmol/l ; glargine , +2.5 + / -2.4 mmol/l . glucose decreases were significantly greater with glargine ( -2.6 + / -2.4 mmol/l ) than with lispro or MidMix ( -0.9 + / -2.2 mmol/l ; +0.9 + / -1.8 mmol/l ) . , HbA1c decreased by 1.1 % ( lispro ) and 1.2 % ( MidMix ) , vs. 0.3 % with glargine . episodes were rare with 1-1 .5 self-reported episodes per 100 patient-days . patients with type 2 diabetes starting insulin , 3x daily prandial treatment with a rapid-acting analog focusing on postprandial glucose values enabled better control of postprandial and circadian blood glucose profiles than once-daily glargine , in spite suboptimal fasting glucose levels , which targets fasting glucose values . results support studies suggesting that control of postprandial hyperglycemia plays a key role in achieving HbA1c targets ."
35,Abstract #35,"sex workers who inject drugs ( FSW-IDUs ) are at risk of acquiring HIV , sexually transmitted infections ( STI ) and blood-borne infections through unprotected sex and sharing injection equipment . conducted a 22 factorial randomized controlled trial to evaluate combination interventions to simultaneously reduce sexual and injection risks among FSW-IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez , Mexico . 18 years reporting sharing injection equipment and unprotected sex with clients within the last month were randomized to one of four conditions based on an a priori randomization schedule , blinding interviewer/counselors to assignment . to the extreme vulnerability of this population , we did not include a control group that would deny some women access to preventive information . women received similar information regardless of group allocation ; the difference was in the way the information was delivered and the extent to which women had an interactive role . condition was a single 60-minute session , including either an interactive or didactic version of an injection risk intervention and sexual risk intervention . underwent interviewer-administered surveys and testing for HIV , syphilis , gonorrhea , Chlamydia , and Trichomonas at baseline and quarterly for 12 months . HIV/STI incidence will be the primary outcome . outcomes are proportionate reductions in sharing of injection equipment and unprotected sex with clients . 1,132 women , 548 ( 48.4 % ) were excluded ( 88.9 % were ineligible ; 11.1 % refused to participate or did not return ) ; 584 eligible women enrolled ( 284 in Tijuana ; 300 in Ciudad Juarez ) . 584 participants completed the baseline interview , provided biological samples and were randomized to one of the four groups . follow-up , 17 participants ( 2.9 % ) were lost to follow-up , of whom 10 ( 58.8 % ) had died , leaving 567 participants for analysis . study appears to be the first intervention to attempt to simultaneously reduce injection and sexual risk behaviors among FSW-IDUs . factorial design will permit analysis to determine whether the combination of the two interactive interventions and/or its respective components are effective in reducing injection and/or sexual risks , which will have direct , tangible policy implications for Mexico and potentially other resource-poor countries . ."
36,Abstract #36,"compare oral risperidone and intramuscular ( IM ) haloperidol , both in combination with IM lorazepam , in the management of acute agitation and psychosis in the medical emergency department . this prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind study of 30 patients presenting to the emergency department with acute agitation and/or psychosis , three groups of 10 patients received oral and IM medications : 1 ) 2 mg oral risperidone and 2 mg IM lorazepam ; 2 ) 5 mg oral haloperidol and 2 mg IM lorazepam ; 3 ) oral placebo and 2 mg IM lorazepam . treatment group received both an injection and a tablet to reduce treatment group variability . were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ( BPRS ) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) before receiving medication and at 30 and 90 minutes after medication was administered . intergroup mean percent reductions in rating scale scores were compared using ANOVA , chi-square , and Kruskal-Wallis tests . were no statistically significant differences among the groups at any point . two groups receiving an antipsychotic plus lorazepam showed a trend towards increased symptom reduction compared with the group receiving lorazepam alone , although this trend was not statistically significant . alone was as effective as lorazepam plus haloperidol or lorazepam plus risperidone in this small trial . not statistically significant , a trend toward better outcomes with combined treatment warrants further study ."
37,Abstract #37,"prospectively evaluate the efficacy of routine ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology ( FNAC ) of thyroid nodules in an endemic area and to analyze the factors influencing it . with thyroid nodules were randomly subjected to either conventional palpation-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology ( PFNAC ) or ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology ( USFNAC ) . results of cytology were compared with the final histopathologic diagnosis in 112 patients who had undergone surgery . performance of both methods was individually analyzed in solid nodules , cystic nodules , and solitary and multinodular goitres . , USFNAC showed a significantly higher sensitivity ( 83.3 % vs 54.6 % , p < .001 ) , positive predictive value ( 100 % vs 85.7 % , p < .001 ) , and greater diagnostic accuracy ( 96.5 % vs 89.1 % , p = .052 ) compared with PFNAC . sensitivity of USFNAC was significantly higher compared with that of PFNAC in cystic and complex nodules ( 75 % vs 50 % , p < .001 ) but not in solid nodules ( 77.8 % vs 75 % , p > .05 ) . was more sensitive and more accurate than PFNAC for detection of malignancy in multinodular goitres ( 66.7 % vs 50 % , p < .05 ; 95.6 % vs 86.2 % , p < .05 , respectively ) . superiority of `` routine '' USFNAC over PFNAC is mainly due to its better performance in cystic nodules and multinodular goitres . , routine USFNAC can be recommended in areas where such lesions constitute the majority of thyroid nodules ."
38,Abstract #38,"modulates cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP ) activity to raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) . the failure of torcetrapib it was unknown if HDL produced by interaction with CETP had pro-atherogenic or pro-inflammatory properties . is the first multicentre study using novel non-invasive multimodality imaging to assess structural and inflammatory indices of atherosclerosis as primary endpoints . this phase 2b , double-blind , multicentre trial , patients ( aged 18-75 years ) with , or with high risk of , coronary heart disease were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) to dalcetrapib 600 mg/day or placebo for 24 months . was done with a computer-generated randomisation code and was stratified by centre . and investigators were masked to treatment . endpoints were MRI-assessed indices ( total vessel area , wall area , wall thickness , and normalised wall index [ average carotid ] ) after 24 months and ( 18 ) F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( ( 18 ) F-FDG ) PET/CT assessment of arterial inflammation within an index vessel ( right carotid , left carotid , or ascending thoracic aorta ) after 6 months , with no-harm boundaries established before unblinding of the trial . was by intention to treat . trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT00655473 . patients were screened and 130 randomly assigned to placebo ( 66 patients ) or dalcetrapib ( 64 patients ) . the coprimary MRI and PET/CT endpoints , CIs were below the no-harm boundary or the adverse change was numerically lower in the dalcetrapib group than in the placebo group . change in total vessel area was reduced in patients given dalcetrapib compared with those given placebo after 24 months ; absolute change from baseline relative to placebo was -401 mm ( 2 ) ( 90 % CI -723 to -080 ; nominal p = 004 ) . PET/CT measure of index vessel most-diseased-segment target-to-background ratio ( TBR ) was not different between groups , but carotid artery analysis showed a 7 % reduction in most-diseased-segment TBR in the dalcetrapib group compared with the placebo group ( -73 [ 90 % CI -135 to -08 ] ; nominal p = 007 ) . did not increase office blood pressure and the frequency of adverse events was similar between groups . showed no evidence of a pathological effect related to the arterial wall over 24 months . , this trial suggests possible beneficial vascular effects of dalcetrapib , including the reduction in total vessel enlargement over 24 months , but long-term safety and clinical outcomes efficacy of dalcetrapib need to be analysed . Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. ."
39,Abstract #39,"limitation of pronation/supination following both-bone forearm fractures in children is often attributed to an angular malunion , no clinical study has compared pronation/supination and angular malalignment of the same child by analysis of prospectively collected clinical data . purpose of this trial is to explore whether limitation of pronation/supination can be predicted by the degree of angular malalignment in children who sustained a both-bone forearm fracture . four Dutch hospitals , children aged 16 years with a both-bone forearm fracture were prospectively followed up consecutive children for 6-9 months . the final follow-up , pronation/supination and angular malunion on radiographs were determined . January 2006 and August 2010 , a total of 410 children were prospectively followed up , of which 393 children were included for analysis in this study . mean age of the children was 8.0 ( 3.5 ) years , of which 63 % were male and 40 % fractured their dominant arm . mean time to final examination was 219 ( 51 ) days . with a metaphyseal both-bone fracture of the distal forearm with an angular malalignment of 15 had a 9-13 % chance of developing a clinically relevant limitation ( i.e. , < 50 of pronation and/or supination ) , while children with an angular malalignment of 16 had a 60 % chance . with diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures with 5 of angular malalignment had a 13 % chance of developing a clinically relevant limitation , which showed no significant increase with a further increase of angular malalignment . who sustained a both-bone forearm fracture localised in the distal metaphysis have a higher chance of developing a clinically relevant limitation of forearm rotation in case of a more severe angular malalignment , while children with a diaphyseal both-bone forearm fracture had a moderate chance of limitation , irrespective of the severity of the angular malalignment ."
40,Abstract #40,"Nissen fundoplication ( LNF ) has become established as the procedure of choice in the surgical management of the majority of patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . paraesophageal herniation has an incidence range up to 7 % in the immediate postoperative period . prospective randomized trial was scheduled to study the role of posterior gastropexy , in combination with LNF , in prevention of paraesophageal herniation and improvement of postoperative results in surgical treatment of GERD . patients with GERD were randomized to LNF combined with ( group A , n = 40 ) or without ( group B , n = 42 ) posterior gastropexy . evaluation using disease-specific and generic questionnaires and structured interviews , and objective evaluation by endoscopy , esophageal manometry , and 24-h pH monitoring , were performed before operation , at 2 and 12 months after surgery , and then every year . approximation was performed by stitches if the diameter was less than 6 cm , or with a patch to reinforce the conventional crural closure or by tension-free technique to close the hiatus . gastropexy ( group A ) was performed with one stitch between the posterior wall of the wrap and the crura near the arcuate ligament . patients of group A and 15 patients of group B with concomitant abdominal diseases had simultaneous procedures [ cholecystectomy 25 , vagotomy 2 , ventral hernia repair 1 , gastric polypectomy 1 , gastric fundus diverticulectomy 1 , gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( GIST ) wedge resection 1 ] . mean follow-up of 48 + / - 26 months ( range 7-94 months ) , one patient of group B presented with paraesophageal herniation in the first postoperative month ( reoperation ) , while recurrent gastroesophageal reflux ( Visick III or IV ) , successfully treated by medication , was noted in three patients of group B and in one patient of group A. Only mild dysphagia , during the first two postoperative months , was noted in nine patients of group A and eight patients of group B. Six patients of each group with Barrett 's esophagus had endoscopic improvement after the second postoperative month . score in groups A/B was I in 26/11 ( P < 0.0001 ) , II in 13/27 ( P = 0.037 ) , III in 1/2 ( not significant , NS ) , and IV in 0/2 . , Visick score was I or II in 39/38 in groups A/B ( 97.5 % / 90.5 % , NS ) and III or IV in 1/4 ( 2.5 % / 9.5 % , P < 0.0001 ) . combined with posterior gastropexy may prevent postoperative paraesophageal or sliding herniation in surgical treatment of GERD , providing better early and long-term postoperative results . Registered Clinical Trial number : NCT00872755 . . )"
41,Abstract #41,"D deficiency is common in the general public and athletic populations and may impair skeletal muscle function . therefore assessed the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25 [ OH ] D concentrations and physical performance . club-level athletes were block randomised ( using baseline 25 [ OH ] D concentrations ) into one of three groups receiving either a placebo ( PLB ) , 20 000 or 40 000 IU/week oral vitamin D3 for 12 weeks . 25 [ OH ] D and muscle function ( 1-RM bench press and leg press and vertical jump height ) were measured presupplementation , 6 and 12 weeks postsupplementation . D deficiency was defined in accordance with the US Institute of Medicine guideline ( < 50 nmol/l ) . % of the subject population were vitamin D deficient at baseline ( meanSD value 5124 nmol/l ) . 6 and 12 weeks supplementation with 20 000 IU ( 7914 and 8510 nmol/l , respectively ) or 40 000 IU vitamin D3 ( 9814 and 9124 nmol/l , respectively ) , serum vitamin D concentrations increased in all participants , with every individual achieving concentrations greater than 50 nmol/l . contrast , vitamin D concentration in the PLB group decreased at 6 and 12 weeks ( 3718 and 4122 nmol/l , respectively ) . serum 25 [ OH ] D had no significant effect on any physical performance parameter ( p > 0.05 ) . 20 000 and 40 000 IU vitamin D3 supplementation over a 6-week period elevates serum 25 [ OH ] D concentrations above 50 nmol/l , but neither dose given for 12 weeks improved our chosen measures of physical performance ."
42,Abstract #42,"probe into the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture on coronary heart disease complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus ( CDM ) and the mechanism . multi-central , randomized , controlled and blind methods , 120 cases of CDM were divided into an observation group and a control group , 60 cases in each group . were treated by routine therapy for diabetes mellitus , and in the observation group , acupuncture at Quchi ( LI 11 ) , Hegu ( LI 4 ) , Xuehai ( SP 10 ) , Zusanli ( ST 36 ) , Yinlingquan ( SP 9 ) , Fenglong ( ST 40 ) . ( SP 8 ) , Sanyinjiao ( SP 6 ) , etc. were added with the needling method for regulating spleen-stomach ; while in the control group , acupuncture was given at Weiwanxiashu ( EX-B 3 ) , Feishu ( BL 13 ) , Pishu ( BL 20 ) , Shenshu ( BL 23 ) , Yanglingquan ( GB 34 ) , etc. . treatment was given twice a day in the two groups . therapeutic effects were assessed according to clinical symptoms and signs , frequency and lasting time of angina pectoris , quantity of taking Glycerol Trinitrate , blood sugar , blood lipids , urinary albumin excretion rate , urinary beta2-microglobulin , urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) , ECG , heart color Doppler , etc. . needling method for regulating spleen-stomach not only could improve the symptoms and signs of the patient , but also could improve the degree of ST segment moving down and the function of left artrium relaxation , and had benign regulative effect on glycometabolism , lipids metabolism and urinary albumin level , with significant differences as compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) . markedly effective rate for improvement of ECG was 50.00 % in the observation group and 13.79 % in the control group . needling method for regulating spleen-stomach can improve the damage of heart and blood vessels induced by abnormal sugar and lipids , decrease the level of urinary protein , inhibit MCP-1 excessive expression , relieve myocardial load and raise cardiac output in the patient of coronary heart disease complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus ."
43,Abstract #43,"of blue dye alone as a marker for sentinel lymph node ( SLN ) biopsy is effective , but combining it with isotope marking can improve the success rate . of the isotope adds extra cost and there are potential radiation hazards . two techniques were compared in a randomized trial . with early breast cancer ( less than 3 cm ) and no palpable axillary nodes were recruited . older than 70 years with multicentric cancers or previous surgery to the breast or axilla were excluded . were randomized to either blue dye alone or combined mapping for SLN biopsy . women had a level I and II axillary dissection after the SLN biopsy . total of 123 patients were recruited , of whom five were excluded from analysis . dye alone was used in 57 women and 61 had combined mapping . demographic data were similar in the two cohorts . success rate of SLN biopsy was higher with combined mapping than with blue dye alone ( 100 versus 86 per cent ; P = 0.002 ) . accuracy and false-negative rate were similar ( accuracy 100 per cent for combined mapping versus 98 per cent for blue dye ; false-negative rate 0 versus 5 per cent ) . mapping was superior to blue dye alone in identification of the SLN , but accuracy and false-negative rates were similar ."
44,Abstract #44,"translation ( KT ) research in long-term care ( LTC ) is still in its early stages . protocol describes the evaluation of a multifaceted , interdisciplinary KT intervention aimed at integrating evidence-based osteoporosis and fracture prevention strategies into LTC care processes . Vitamin D and Osteoporosis Study ( ViDOS ) is underway in 40 LTC homes ( n = 19 intervention , n = 21 control ) across Ontario , Canada . primary objectives of this study are to assess the feasibility of delivering the KT intervention , and clinically , to increase the percent of LTC residents prescribed 800 IU of vitamin D daily . criteria are LTC homes that are serviced by our partner pharmacy provider and have more than one prescribing physician . target audience within each LTC home is the Professional Advisory Committee ( PAC ) , an interdisciplinary team who meets quarterly . key elements of the intervention are three interactive educational sessions led by an expert opinion leader , action planning using a quality improvement cycle , audit and feedback reports , nominated internal champions , and reminders/point-of-care tools . homes do not receive any intervention , however both intervention and control homes received educational materials as part of the Ontario Osteoporosis Strategy . outcomes are feasibility measures ( recruitment , retention , attendance at educational sessions , action plan items identified and initiated , internal champions identified , performance reports provided and reviewed ) , and vitamin D ( 800 IU/daily ) prescribing at 6 and 12 months . outcomes include the proportion of residents prescribed calcium supplements and osteoporosis medications , and falls and fractures . methods will examine the experience of the LTC team with the KT intervention . are centrally randomized to intervention and control groups in blocks of variable size using a computer generated allocation sequence . is stratified by home size and profit/nonprofit status . data retrieval and analysis are performed by blinded personnel . study will contribute to an improved understanding of the feasibility and acceptability of a multifaceted intervention aimed at translating knowledge to LTC practitioners . learned from this study will be valuable in guiding future research and understanding the complexities of translating knowledge in LTC ."
45,Abstract #45,"describe the psychometric properties and identify the minimally important difference ( MID ) of the hepatitis C virus patient-reported outcomes ( HCV-PRO ) instrument . HCV infection and associated treatments negatively affect PROs of function and well-being . a phase 2 trial , HCV-infected patients received direct-acting antivirals ( DAAs ) for 12weeks with peg-interferon/ribavirin ( peg-IFN/RBV ) for 48weeks , or placebo plus peg-IFN/RBV . HCV-PRO total score , SF-36 PCS and MCS scores , EQ-5D-3L , and EQ VAS were measured at baseline , week 8 , end of DAA treatment ( EODT ) , end of peg-IFN/RBV treatment ( EOT ) , and posttreatment week 24 ( SVR24 ) . validity of the HCV-PRO was assessed by Pearson 's correlation coefficients . validity was assessed by analyzing mean HCV-PRO total scores by EQ-5D anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort domain scores ( none vs. some ) and presence/absence of depression or fatigue adverse events . was identified through effect size ( ES ) and receiver-operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve analyses ( HCV-PRO response vs. SF-36 PCS/MCS and EQ VAS MID thresholds ) . 74 patients ( 22 % female ; 81 % White ; 51 % 50years ) , correlations ( 0.64-0 .96 ) between HCV-PRO total scores , SF-36 PCS/MCS scores , and EQ VAS scores at all time points supported convergent validity . total scores were reduced to 10-30 points in patients impaired by depression , pain , or fatigue symptoms . of peg-IFN/RBV regimen on HCV-PRO ES increased over time ( EODT -0.76 ; EOT -0.93 ) . and ROC curve analyses indicated an MID of -10 points . HCV-PRO was valid and responsive in the population studied . MID of -10 points represented a threshold of clinical significance for the HCV-PRO ."
46,Abstract #46,"fecal incontinence remains a disabling condition for the patient and a major therapeutic challenge for the physician . series of observational studies have indicated that placement of an artificial bowel sphincter is associated with marked improvement of continence and quality of life . have performed a prospective , randomized , controlled trial to evaluate the effect of placement of an artificial bowel sphincter ( Acticon Neosphincter ) on continence and quality of life in a group of severely incontinent adults . adults ( male : female , 1:13 ; age range , 44-75 years ) were randomized to placement of the artificial bowel sphincter or to a program of supportive care and were followed for six months from operation or entry into the study . principal outcome measure was the level of continence , measured with the Cleveland Continence Score , which provides a scale from 0 to 20 , representing perfect control through to total incontinence . outcome measures were perioperative and late complications in the artificial bowel sphincter group , and the changes in quality of life in both groups . the control group , the Cleveland Continence Score was not significantly altered , with an initial value of 17.1 + / - 2.3 and a final value of 14.3 + / - 4.6 at six months . artificial bowel sphincter group showed a highly significant improvement , changing from 19.0 + / - 1.2 before placement to 4.8 + / - 4.0 at six months after placement . patient in the artificial bowel sphincter group had failure of healing of the perineal wound and explantation of the device ( 14 percent explantation rate ) . were two other significant perioperative events of recurring fecal impaction initially after placement in one patient and additional suturing of the perineal wound in another . were major improvements in the quality of life for all measures in the artificial bowel sphincter group . was significant improvement in all eight subscales of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 measures . American Medical Systems Quality of Life score was raised from 39 + / - 6 to 83 + / - 14 and the Beck Depression Inventory showed reduction from a level of mild depression ( 10.8 + / - 9.3 ) to a normal value ( 6.8 + / - 8.7 ) . significant changes in any of the quality of life measures occurred for the control group . a prospective , randomized trial format , we have shown that placement of an artificial bowel sphincter is safe and effective when compared with supportive care alone . and late problems are likely to continue to occur and between 15 percent and 30 percent of patients may require permanent explantation . the remainder , the device is easy and discrete to use , highly effective in achieving continence , and able to generate a major improvement in the quality of life ."
47,Abstract #47,"are known to reduce plasma C-reactive protein ( CRP ) concentrations . goal was to define the mechanisms by which CRP was reduced by maximal dose atorvastatin . subjects with combined hyperlipidemia ( 5 men and 3 postmenopausal women ) were enrolled in a randomized , placebo-controlled double-blind , cross over study . underwent a 15-h primed-constant infusion with deuterated leucine after 8 weeks of placebo and 80mg/day of atorvastatin . was isolated from lipoprotein deficient plasma , ( density > 1.21 g/ml ) by affinity chromatography . enrichment was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . parameters were determined using compartmental modeling . t test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to compare differences between placebo and atorvastatin . with placebo , atorvastatin decreased median CRP pool size by 28.4 % ( 13.313.78 vs 10.263.93 mg ; p = 0.16 ) , associated with a median CRP fractional catabolic rate increase of 39.9 % ( 0.340.06 vs 0.500.11 pools/day ; p = 0.09 ) , with no significant effect on median CRP production rate ( 0.0500.01 vs 0.0490.01 mg/kg/day ; p = 0.78 ) . data indicate that maximal doses of atorvastatin lower plasma CRP levels by substantially decreasing the median CRP plasma residence time from 2.94 days to 2.0 days , with no significant effect on the median CRP production rate ."
48,Abstract #48,"compare the influence on blood pressure , glucose , and lipid levels of a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with an isocaloric , high-carbohydrate diet in 15 NIDDM subjects . crossover design with diet interventions and wash-out periods of 3 wk was applied . patients were randomly assigned to a 3-wk treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet containing 50 % of energy as carbohydrate and 30 % of energy as fat ( 10 % of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids ) or an isocaloric diet with 30 % of energy as carbohydrate and 50 % of energy as fat ( 30 % of energy as monounsaturated fatty acids ) . the last day of the two diets , 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was measured and day profiles of glucose , hormones , and lipids were performed to a test menu rich in carbohydrates . diet rich in monounsaturated fat reduced daytime systolic ( 131 + / - 3 vs. 137 + / - 3 mmHg , P < 0.04 ) and 24-h systolic blood pressure ( 126 + / - 8 vs. 130 + / - 10 mmHg , P < 0.03 ) as well as daytime diastolic ( 78 + / - 2 vs. 84 + / - 2 mmHg , P < 0.02 ) and diurnal diastolic blood pressure ( 75 + / - 6 vs. 78 + / - 5 mmHg , P < 0.03 ) as compared with the high-carbohydrate diet . of lowered blood glucose levels on the high-monounsaturated diet compared with the high-carbohydrate diet were found with lower fasting blood glucose ( 6.1 + / - 0.3 vs. 6.8 + / - 0.5 mM , P < 0.05 ) , lower average blood glucose levels ( 7.4 + / - 0.5 vs. 8.2 + / - 0.6 mM , P < 0.04 ) , and peak blood glucose responses ( 9.9 + / - 0.6 vs. 11.3 + / - 0.7 mM , P < 0.02 ) . two diets had the same impact on lipid levels . diet rich in monounsaturated fat has beneficial effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism , whereas no adverse effects on lipid composition in NIDDM subjects is detected ."
49,Abstract #49,"injection of stem cells in the context of acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) has been tested almost exclusively by anterograde intra-arterial coronary ( IAC ) delivery . retrograde intravenous coronary ( IVC ) delivery may be an additional route . compare the cell distribution and retention pattern in the anterograde and retrograde routes . investigate the role of microvascular obstruction by magnetic resonance imaging in cell retention by cardiac tissue after the injection of bone marrow mononuclear cells ( BMMC ) in AMI . was a prospective , open label , randomized study . with AMI who presented : ( 1 ) successful chemical or mechanical reperfusion within 24 hours of symptom onset and ( 2 ) infarction involving more than 10 % of the left ventricle ( LV ) at the myocardial scintigraphy were included in the study . hundred million BMMC were injected into the infarction-related artery through IAC route , or vein through the IVC route . percent of the injected cells were labeled with 99mTc-hexamethyl-propylene-amine-oxime ( 99mTc-HMPAO ) . distribution was evaluated at 4 and 24 hours after the myocardial scintigraphy injection . magnetic resonance imaging was performed before cell injection . patients were randomized into three groups . were no serious adverse events related to the procedure . early and late retention of labeled cells was higher in the IAC group than in IVC group , regardless of the presence of microcirculation obstruction . injection using the retrograde approach was feasible and safe . retention by cardiac tissue was higher using the anterograde approach . studies are needed to confirm these findings ."
50,Abstract #50,"consumption of oxygen ( VO ( 2 ) max ) during exercise is used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) to stratify perioperative risk . , the impact of therapeutic hyperoxia ( i.e. , use of supplemental oxygen to prevent hypoxemia during exercise ) on ( VO ( 2 ) max and other ventilatory parameters during maximal exercise in the resting normoxic COPD population is poorly defined . randomized , double-blind crossover study was performed in which resting normoxic subjects ( n = 16 ) with COPD underwent two standard symptom-limited , ramped-protocol bicycle ergometry cardiopulmonary exercise tests > 5 days apart with FiO ( 2 ) of 0.21 ( control ) and ~ 0.28 ( therapeutic hyperoxia ) . ( 2 ) max and other ventilatory parameters were compared using a paired two-sample t-test . hyperoxia significantly increased VO ( 2 ) max ( 12.2 2.9 vs. 13.6 3.8 ml/kg/min , P = 0.03 ) , partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide , and oxygen saturation and significantly decreased VE-VCO ( 2 ) slope , but it did not affect exercise time , maximum watts achieved , maximum minute ventilation , or change in end-expiratory lung volume . of four subjects with VO ( 2 ) max < 10 ml/kg/min without supplemental oxygen increased VO ( 2 ) max to 10 ml/kg/min on therapeutic hyperoxia and potentially changed perioperative risk category . hyperoxia in a resting normoxic COPD population significantly improves VO ( 2 ) max and may change perioperative risk stratification by conventional criteria . studies are needed to determine if this change in stratification is appropriate ."
51,Abstract #51,"of advanced Hodgkin disease , who were assigned randomly to treatment by mechlorethamine , vincristine , procarbazine , and prednisone ( MOPP ) ; doxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine , and dacarbazine ( ABVD ) ; or MOPP alternating with ABVD in a clinical trial of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B ( protocol 8251 ) , were compared in terms of their psychosocial adaptation and psychosexual function an average of 2.2 years after completion of treatment ( range , 1-5 years ) . study was undertaken to determine if there were differences among treatments in these functional areas as a consequence of differential long-term gonadal damage in the three regimens . disease-free survivors of advanced Hodgkin disease ( 56 men and 37 women ) were studied ( a minimum of 1 year after completion of treatment ) by an interview conducted over the telephone . measures were used to assess their psychologic , sexual , family , and vocational functioning , including the following tests : the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale -- Self Report , the Brief Symptom Inventory , the Profile of Mood States , and the Impact of Event Scale . to expectation , no statistically significant differences in survivors ' psychosocial adaptation or psychosexual function were found by treatment arm . ( based on survivors ' reports of medical test results and perceptions ) and lower income 1 year before the diagnosis of cancer were significant predictors of poorer adjustment . survivors reported a range of problems that they attributed to having had cancer : 35 % , proven or perceived infertility ; 24 % , sexual problems ; 31 % , health and life insurance problems ; 26 % , a negative socioeconomic effect ; and 51 % , conditioned nausea , associated with visual or olfactory reminders of chemotherapy . significant long-term advantage in psychosocial adaptation or psychosexual function was found for survivors of Hodgkin disease treated by the less gonadally toxic ABVD regimen 1 to 5 years after completion of treatment ."
52,Abstract #52,"gene-related peptide is a pleiotropic neuropeptide with potent vasodilatory properties , which interferes with renin release and might participate in cardiovascular homeostasis . studied the influence of salt intake on the plasma concentration of calcitonin gene-related peptide , parathyroid hormone and on the renin-aldosterone system in 15 patients with mild hypertension . participant was studied after 1 week of high salt intake ( 200 mmol/day ) and after 1 week of low salt intake ( 50 mmol/day ) . order of the two diet periods was randomized and crossover . calcitonin gene-related peptide concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay after pre-extraction by reverse chromatography . patients were classified as salt-sensitive and eight as salt-resistant . the whole group the low salt intake caused a significant decrease in arterial pressure and the expected increase in plasma renin activity and in plasma aldosterone concentration . changes were accompanied by a significant increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide . salt-resistant patients in the sodium-replete state calcitonin gene-related peptide levels tended to be reduced in comparison with salt-sensitive patients . depletion , however , caused a more pronounced rise in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide in salt-resistant hypertensives , who attained levels close to those in salt-sensitive hypertensives . , in salt-resistant hypertensives changes in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide were closely related to plasma renin activity ( r = 0.71 , P = 0.003 ) , whereas no such correlation was found in salt-sensitive patients . hormone was not influenced by changes in salt intake . subjects with mild hypertension calcitonin gene-related peptide is sensitive to changes in salt intake in the physiological range . a response seems to be linked to the individual arterial pressure response to salt , because salt-resistant patients showed reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in the sodium-replete state and a more pronounced calcitonin gene-related peptide increase , closely related to plasma renin activity , during sodium deprivation ."
53,Abstract #53,"make a study of the effect of Chaihu Shihuang soup on blood serum level TNF , IL-6 and IL-10 of severe acute pancratitis . SAP cases were divided at random into treatment group and control group ( 30 cases each ) . treatment group were given chai-hu-shi-huang-soup once a day ; the control group were given Dachaihu soup once daily , with both treatment period for 7 days . tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) , interleukin level 6 ( IL-6 ) and 10 ( IL-10 ) of both groups were determined before and after the treatment . also had 30 healthy cases . level in both groups was lower than healthy group while TNF-alpha and IL-6 were higher than healthy group ( P < 0.01 ) . treatment , the treatment group 's TNF-alpha , IL-6 level were comparatively lower than that in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) , and IL-10 level were clearly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.01 ) , comparison of the treatment group before treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . Shihuang soup can significantly regulate cytokine and improve early recovery of SAP ."
54,Abstract #54,"and gemcitabine ( PG ) combination chemotherapy is effective as a maintenance chemotherapeutic regimen in metastatic breast cancer ( MBC ) patients because it increases progression-free survival ( PFS ) , which increases overall survival ( OS ) . primary purpose of our study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in the genes involved in PG pathways and clinical outcomes in MBC patients treated with PG chemotherapy . total of 324 MBC patients were enrolled in this prospective multicenter trial of PG as the first-line chemotherapy . of the 324 patients from two institutes were available for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) . DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells . SNPs in 15 candidate genes selected from pathways that may influence the metabolism and transport of , or sensitivity , to PG were analysed . median PFS and OS of all 324 patients were 8.7 months ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 7.5-9 .6 months ) and 26.9 months ( 95 % CI : 23.6-30 .1 months ) , respectively . SNP in SLC28A3 ( rs7867504 , C/T ) was associated with OS ( CC or CT versus TT : 37 versus 21 months , p = 0.027 , hazard ratio [ HR ] 2.6 , 95 % CI : 1.1-6 .3 ) . GA haplotype had a significantly shorter OS ( p = 0.030 , HR 3.391 , 95 % CI : 1.13-10 .19 ) . ( ribonucleotide reductase large subunit M1 ) SNP ( rs9937 ) , and haplotypes ATAA and ATGA were significantly associated with neurotoxicity . polymorphisms in SLC28A3 , SLC29A1 and RRM1 can influence the clinical outcome of MBC patients treated with PG chemotherapy . studies on the functional mechanisms relating to these germline polymorphisms in these genes are warranted ."
55,Abstract #55,"patients form a heterogeneous population . of geriatric factors may help evaluate a patient 's health status to better adapt treatment . patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) were randomly assigned to receive fluorouracil ( FU ) - based chemotherapy either alone or in combination with irinotecan ( IRI ) in the Fdration Francophone de Cancrologie Digestive ( FFCD ) 2001-02 study . participating in the geriatric substudy completed geriatric screening tools to perform prognostic factor analyses for treatment safety during the first 4 months after treatment initiation . geriatric score was calculated in 123 patients ( 44 % ) . age was 80 years ( range , 75 to 91 years ) . Charlson comorbidity index was 1 in 75 % , Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) score was 27/30 in 31 % , and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living ( IADL ) showed impairment in 34 % of the patients . patients ( 58 % ) had grade 3 to 4 toxicity , 41 ( 33 % ) had a dose-intensity reduction of more than 33 % , and 54 ( 44 % ) had at least one unexpected hospitalization during the first 4 months after starting treatment . multivariate analysis , significant predictive factors for grade 3-4 toxicity were IRI arm ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 5.03 ) , MMSE 27/30 ( OR , 3.84 ) , and impaired IADL ( OR , 4.67 ) ; for dose-intensity reduction of > 33 % , the significant predictive factors were alkaline phosphates > 2 upper limit of normal ( OR , 4.16 ) and IRI arm ( OR , 6.85 ) ; and for unexpected hospitalization , significant predictive factors were MMSE 27/30 ( OR , 4.56 ) and Geriatric Depression Scale 2 ( OR , 5.52 ) . factors ( MMSE and IADL ) are predictive of severe toxicity or unexpected hospitalization ( MMSE ) in a randomized prospective phase III study in mCRC . results suggest that cognitive function and autonomy impairment should be taken into account when choosing a regimen for chemotherapy ."
56,Abstract #56,"study the effect of aldose reductase inhibition with ponalrestat on resistance to ischemic conduction block ( RICB ) in diabetic subjects . healthy diabetic subjects without neuropathy were studied . were randomized to take either a double-blind trial of 600 mg ponalrestat or placebo once daily for 6 wk . median nerve action potential ( MNAP ) and conduction velocity ( NCV ) , before and after 20 min of forearm ischemia , were measured at the start and finish of the study . ( MNAP remaining after ischemia ) decreased from 39.5 to 29.4 % in the ponalrestat-treated group ( P less than 0.05 ) and increased from 48.1 + / - 10.2 to 49.5 + / - 6.5 % in the placebo-treated group . and NCV were unchanged in both groups . reductase inhibition with ponalrestat partly reverses RICB in diabetes , perhaps by improving nerve hypoxia or reducing nerve energy substrates ."
57,Abstract #57,"is a common symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) . investigated the effects of the treatments used in the PACE trial [ cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT ) , graded exercise therapy ( GET ) , adaptive pacing therapy ( APT ) and specialist medical care ( SMC ) ] on pain in CFS . compared pain outcomes including individual painful symptoms , taken from the CDC criteria for CFS and co-morbid fibromyalgia . modelled outcomes adjusting for baseline variables with multiple linear regression . less frequent muscle pain was reported by patients following treatment with CBT compared to SMC ( mean difference = 0.38 unit change in frequency , p = 0.02 ) , GET versus SMC ( 0.42 , p = 0.01 ) and GET versus APT ( 0.37 , p = 0.01 ) . less joint pain was reported following CBT versus APT ( 0.35 , p = 0.02 ) and GET versus APT ( 0.36 , p = 0.02 ) . fibromyalgia was less frequent following GET versus SMC ( 0.03 , p = 0.03 ) . effect sizes of these differences varied between 0.25 and 0.31 for muscle pain and 0.24 and 0.26 for joint pain . effects on pain were independent of ` change in fatigue ' . and GET were more effective in reducing the frequency of both muscle and joint pain than APT and SMC . compared to SMC , GET also reduced the frequency of co-morbid fibromyalgia ; the size of this effect on pain was small ."
58,Abstract #58,"nutritional quality of complementary foods often limits growth . source foods , such as milk or meat , are often unaffordable . affordable alternatives are needed . evaluate the efficacy of 2 newly developed , rice-based complementary food products : WinFood ( WF ) with small fish and edible spiders and WinFood-Lite ( WF-L ) fortified with small fish , against 2 existing fortified corn-soy blend products , CSB + ( purely plant based ) and CSB + + ( 8 % dried skimmed milk ) . total , 419 infants aged 6 mo were enrolled in this randomized , single-blinded study for 9 mo , designed primarily to assess increments in fat-free mass by a deuterium dilution technique and change in plasma ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor . endpoints were changes in anthropometric variables , including knee-heel length . were analyzed by the intention-to-treat approach . was no difference in fat-free mass increment in WF or WF-L compared with CSB + [ WF : +0.04 kg ( 95 % CI : -0.20 , 0.28 kg ) ; WF-L : +0.14 kg ( 95 % CI : -0.10 , 0.38 kg ) ] or CSB + + [ WF : -0.03 kg ( 95 % CI : -0.27 , 0.21 kg ) ; WF-L : +0.07 kg ( 95 % CI : -0.18 , 0.31 kg ) ] and no effect on iron status . 1.7-mm ( 95 % CI : -0.1 , 3.5 mm ) greater increase in knee-heel length in WF-L than in CSB + was not significant . difference was found between the locally produced products ( WF and WF-L ) and the CSBs . fortification may be necessary , and small fish may be an affordable alternative to milk to improve complementary foods . dietary role of edible spiders needs to be further explored . trial was registered at controlled-trials . as ISRCTN19918531 ."
59,Abstract #59,"study investigated the effect of contingent electrical stimulation ( CES ) on present pain intensity ( PI ) , pressure pain threshold ( PPT ) , and electromyographic events per hour of sleep ( EMG/h ) on probable bruxers with masticatory myofascial pain . study enrolled 15 probable bruxers with masticatory myofascial pain in 3 phases : ( 1 ) baseline EMG/h recording , ( 2 ) biofeedback treatment using a CES paradigm ( active group , n = 7 ) or inactive device ( control group , n = 8 ) , and ( 3 ) posttreatment EMG/h recording . and PPT were assessed after each phase . of variance models were used to compare results at a 5 % significance level . in the active group had 35 % lower EMG/h in P2 and 38.4 % lower EMG/h in P3 , when compared with baseline . were no differences in PI or PPT levels at any phase . could reduce EMG activity associated with sleep bruxism in patients with masticatory myofascial pain but did not influence perceived pain ."
60,Abstract #60,"after ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) has reduced with reperfusion by primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) , which may have impacted on the adverse outcomes of cardiogenic shock ( CS ) and congestive heart failure ( CHF ) . the APEX-AMI trial , 5,745 patients with STEMI and planned primary PCI were randomly assigned pexelizumab or matching placebo . CS or CHF was adjudicated by a clinical endpoints committee . assignment to pexelizumab did not influence either endpoint or mortality rates . shock developed in 196 patients ( 3.4 % ) at a median of 6.0 hours ( interquartile range 3.9-28 .3 ) post-randomization , and mortality at 90 days was 54.6 % . heart failure occurred in 254 of patients ( 4.4 % ) at a median of 2.6 days ( IQR 1.0-16 .6 ) , and mortality through 90 days was 10.2 % ; mortality among those with neither endpoint was 2.1 % . with CS or CHF were older , were more often female , and had more hypertension and diabetes , but smoked less compared with non-CS/CHF patients ( all P < .05 ) . mortality predictors among those with CS or CHF were hyperlipidemia and a history of angina ( interaction P = .011 and .008 , respectively ) ; procedural predictors among survivors to PCI were pre-PCI Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) flow 0-1 and post-PCI TIMI flow < 3 ( P = .013 and < .0001 , respectively ) . after CS remains poor despite aggressive reperfusion . CS and CHF remain the major causes of death among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI . studies should examine treatments that aim to reduce mortality in these highest risk patients ."
61,Abstract #61,"use of antidepressants ( AD ) , defined as either continuation in the absence of a proper indication or continuation despite the lack of therapeutic efficacy , applies to approximately half of all long term AD users . have designed a cluster randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the ( cost - ) effectiveness of an antidepressant cessation advice in the absence of a proper indication for maintenance treatment with antidepressants in primary care.We will select all patients using antidepressants for over 9 months from 45 general practices . will be diagnosed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview ( CIDI ) version 3.0 , extended with questions about the psychiatric history and previous treatment strategies . practices will be randomized to either the intervention or the control group . case of overtreatment , defined as the absence of a proper indication according to current guidelines , a cessation advice is given to the general practitioner . the control groups no specific information is given . primary outcome measure will be the proportion of patients that successfully discontinue their antidepressants at one-year follow-up . outcomes are dimensional measures of psychopathology and costs . study protocol provides a detailed overview of the design of the trial . results will be of importance for refining current guidelines . the intervention is effective it can be used in managed care programs . ."
62,Abstract #62,"studies show that cerebral - amyloid ( A ) deposition is associated with blood pressure and measures of arterial stiffness in nondemented individuals . examine the association between measures of arterial stiffness and change in A deposition over time . of A was determined in a longitudinal observational study of aging by positron emission tomography using the Pittsburgh compound B twice 2 years apart in 81 nondemented individuals 83 years and older . stiffness was measured with a noninvasive and automated waveform analyzer at the time closest to the second positron emission tomography scan . measures were performed under standardized conditions . wave velocity ( PWV ) was measured in the central ( carotid-femoral and heart-femoral PWV ) , peripheral ( femoral-ankle PWV ) , and mixed ( brachial-ankle PWV ) vascular beds . change in A deposition over 2 years was calculated from the 81 individuals with repeat A-positron emission tomography . proportion of A-positive individuals increased from 48 % at baseline to 75 % at follow-up . PWV was significantly higher among A-positive participants at baseline and follow-up . PWV was only higher among A-positive participants at follow-up . of central stiffness and blood pressure were not associated with A status at baseline or follow-up , but central stiffness was associated with a change in A deposition over time . standard deviation increase in central stiffness ( carotid-femoral PWV , P = .001 ; heart-femoral PWV , P = .004 ) was linked with increases in A deposition over 2 years . study showed that A deposition increases with age in nondemented individuals and that arterial stiffness is strongly associated with the progressive deposition of A in the brain , especially in this age group . association between A deposition changes over time and generalized arterial stiffness indicated a relationship between the severity of subclinical vascular disease and progressive cerebral A deposition ."
63,Abstract #63,"a low socioeconomic-status population of Latina women , we evaluated the potential of storytelling ( ST ) as a culturally aligned narrative method to promote colorectal cancer ( CRC ) prevention and screening , compared to a risk tool ( RT ) - based intervention . women were randomized in this pilot study to one of two brief interventions to communicate CRC risk reduction options : ST or an RT. . of behavioral intentions relative to CRC prevention and screening were obtained following the intervention . scores for intent to obtain and recommend endoscopy to others were significantly better for participants receiving ST than RT ( P = .038 and P = .011 , respectively ) . participants expressed intent to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity in response to interventions . perceptions of cancer risk and fear of CRC were not significantly different for participants receiving ST compared with RT. . - to post-intervention perceptions of risk increased in ST and decreased in RT , while decreases in fear were similar across both intervention groups . may be an effective approach for changing CRC risk-related behavioral intentions among Latinas . factors ( such as perceived risk or fear ) often used to predict behavior change may not adequately explain the potential persuasive mechanisms of storytelling ."
64,Abstract #64,"evaluate enhanced recovery after surgery ( ERAS ) protocol in colorectal surgery . september 2006 to February 2007 , 74 patients with colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to ERAS group and control group . stress index , nutrition and metabolism index , intraoperative index and postoperative index were evaluated . patients were excluded , 3 in ERAS group ( 2 cases received hepatectomy concomitantly and 1 case received partial ileum resection ) , and 3 in control group ( 1 case received hepatectomy and 1 case received colorectomy concomitantly , another presented asthma paroxysm ) . there were 34 cases in ERAS group and 34 cases in control , with no statistical differences in sex , age , BMI index and operation types . of HOMA-IR index of ERAS was lower than the control ( P > 0.05 ) , the same as plasma cortisol at the 1st day after operation ( P < 0.05 ) , but plasma glucagons in the operation of ERAS group was higher than that of control ( P < 0.05 ) . glucose 1st day after operation of ERAS group was lower than control ( P < 0.05 ) , while plasma triglyceride intraoperation , at 1st day , 2nd day after operation of ERAS was higher than control ( P < 0.05 ) . negative balance of ERAS group was higher than control at 2nd day after surgery , but is lower intraoperation and at 6th day after operation ( P < 0.05 ) . time of exhaust gas and stool , time to eat fluidity and semi-fluidity , out-of-bed time and exercise time per-day , residual time and complication rate in ERAS group were better than those of control ( P < 0.05 ) . expenses of ERAS was lower than that of control ( P < 0.05 ) . can decrease surgical stress , increase functional recovery and reduce complication rate ."
65,Abstract #65,"demonstrate equivalent efficacy for menopausal symptoms between Aerodiol nasal spray and reference oral estradiol therapy , and to investigate the endometrial safety and tolerability of Aerodiol in the long term . efficacy of Aerodiol 300 microg , once daily , was compared with oral estradiol 2 mg/day in a randomized , double-blind trial . statistical test of noninferiority was performed on the mean absolute Kupperman index ( KI ) obtained after 14 and 23 weeks of the two treatments . safety was assessed in a 1-year open-label study . initial Aerodiol dose was 300 microg/day , and was adjusted if required . biopsies were obtained at inclusion and at the end of the trial and examined independently by two pathologists . the equivalence trial , the KI improved similarly in the Aerodiol group ( n = 317 ) and the oral estradiol group ( n = 342 ) . was shown statistically to be at least as effective as oral therapy ( P < 0.001 ) , but the incidences of mastalgia and withdrawal bleeding were significantly lower in the Aerodiol group ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 , respectively ) . the long-term safety trial ( n = 408 ) , the rate of Aerodiol treatment continuation at 12 months was 85 % , and there was no incidence of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer . dose adaptation was performed by 29 % of women . was shown to have equivalent efficacy to reference oral estradiol therapy , but with better gynaecological acceptability . endometrial safety of Aerodiol was confirmed in the long term , and the ability to adjust the dosage easily was of benefit to a substantial proportion of women ."
66,Abstract #66,"observe the operative technique and clinical effects of hidden tension suture after tibiofibular fracture fixation with absorbable thread . October 2003 to October 2008 , 203 patients ( 220 sides ) with tibiofibular fracture underwent hidden tension suture ( test group , 102 cases of 112 sides ) and the common interrupted suture ( control group , 101 cases of 108 sides ) , including 179 males and 24 females with an median age of 36 years ( 3-75 years ) . was caused by traffic accident in 170 cases , by heavy bruise in 21 cases , and by falling from height in 12 cases . were 186 cases of single-side fracture , and 17 cases of double-side fracture . them , 127 sides were closed fracture , and 93 sides were open fracture ( including 38 sides of type I , 45 sides of type II , and 10 sides of type IIIA according to Gustilo classification for the open fracture ) . locations were upper tibia in 55 sides , middle tibia in 126 sides , and lower tibia in 39 sides . X-ray films showed that there were transverse fractures in 65 sides , oblique fractures in 53 sides , spiral fractures in 45 sides , and comminuted fractures in 57 sides . blood vessel injury , osteofascial compartment syndrome and pressure syndrome were observed . time from injury to operation was 2 hours to 7 days with an average of 2 days . 220 sides , 45 sides were fixed by interlocking nails , others by internal steel plate . control group , healing by first intention was achieved in 70 cases ( 69.3 % ) and healing by secondary intention in 31 cases ( 30.7 % ) ; in test group , healing by first intention was achieved in 93 cases ( 91.2 % ) and healing by secondary intention in 9 cases ( 8.8 % ) ; and showing significant difference ( P < 0.05 ) . patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years ( average 9 months ) . complication occurred in test group , and scar was obvious in the control group . hidden tension suture with absorbable thread can be a good alternative for the incision healing after tibiofibular fracture fixation . deals with the problems of the incision tension and difficult-to-suture , and is good for the incision healing after operation ."
67,Abstract #67,"observe the effect of regular yogic practices and self-discipline in reducing body fat and elevated lipids in CAD patients . this study one hundred seventy ( 170 ) subjects , of both sexes having coronary artery disease were randomly selected form Department of Cardiology . were divided in to two groups randomly in yoga group and in non-yoga group , eighty five ( 85 ) in each group . of these ( 170 subjects ) , one hundred fifty four ( 154 ) completed the study protocol . LINE : The yogic intervention consisted of 35-40 min/day , five days in a week till six months in the Department of Physiology CSMMU UP Lucknow . fat testing and estimation of lipid profile were done of the both groups at zero time and after six months of yogic intervention in yoga group and without yogic intervention in non yoga group . present study , BMI ( p < 0.04 ) , fat % ( p < 0.0002 ) , fat free mass ( p < 0.04 ) , SBP ( p < 0.002 ) , DBP ( p < 0.009 ) , heart rate ( p < 0.0001 ) , total cholesterol ( p < 0.0001 ) , triglycerides ( p < 0.0001 ) , HDL ( p < 0.0001 ) and low density lipoprotein ( p < 0.04 ) were changed significantly . of SBP , DBP , heart rate , body fat % , total cholesterol , triglycerides and LDL after regular yogic practices is beneficial for cardiac and hypertensive patients . yogic practices included in this study are helpful for the patients of coronary artery disease ."
68,Abstract #68,"observe the effect of Chinese medicine therapy for strengthening-Pi and nourishing-Shen ( SPNS ) in preventing lamivudine induced YMDD mutation and its immunological mechanism . hundred and sixty chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ) patients with positive HBeAg were equally assigned to two groups at random : the observation group and the control group . in the observation group were treated with lamivudine combined with SPNS , and those in the control group were treated with lamivudine only , with the treatment lasting for 52 weeks in total . in indexes , including liver function , HbeAg , HBV-DNA , YMDD variation , CD ( 4 ) , CD ( 4 ) / CD ( 8 ) ratio , interferon-gamma ( IFN-gamma ) , interleukin-4 ( IL-4 ) , blood routine , renal function , as well as any adverse reactions that occurred in patients , were observed at different time points . ALT , AST recovery rate and HBV-DNA negatively inversing rate at the 24th week , the 36th week and the 52nd week were all higher ( P < 0.05 ) ; meanwhile , the YMDD mutation rate at the 36th week and the 52nd week was lower ( P < 0.05 ) in the observation group than in the control group . posttreatment levels of CD ( 4 ) , CD ( 4 ) / CD ( 8 ) ratio , IFN-gamma , and IL-4 as well as the pre-post treatment difference of these indexes in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . medicine SPNS therapy can significantly reduce the YMDD variation of HBV , and the mechanism may be related to its regulation of the CD ( 4 ) level , CD ( 4 ) / CD ( 8 ) ratio and Th1/Th2 balance ."
69,Abstract #69,"anesthetics can alter the arrhythmogenicity of exogenously administered epinephrine . swine anesthetized with desflurane or isoflurane do not differ in their arrhythmic response to exogenous epinephrine , the relative effect of epinephrine in the presence of these anesthetics in humans is untested . authors compared the arrhythmogenicity of submucosally administered epinephrine in 36 ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors who were randomly assigned to receive 1.0-1 .3 MAC desflurane or isoflurane anesthesia . surgeon , blinded to the administered anesthetic and the concentration of epinephrine , injected 1:50,000 , 1:75,000 , or 1:100,000 ( 20 , 13.3 , or 10 micrograms/ml ) epinephrine in saline of volumes sufficient for surgical need . authors defined a positive response as three or more premature ventricular contractions ( PVCs ) in the 5 min after starting the injection . patient given either anesthetic developed any PVCs with epinephrine doses less than 7.0 micrograms/kg . doses of epinephrine ( 7.0-13 .0 micrograms/kg ) produced positive responses at equal frequencies in the two anesthetic groups . authors concluded that isoflurane and desflurane do not differ in their sensitization of human myocardium to the arrhythmogenic effects of exogenously administered epinephrine ."
70,Abstract #70,"subjects with a family history of premature coronary heart disease ( CHD ) have a marked excess risk , yet barriers prevent effective risk reduction . tested a community-based multiple risk factor intervention ( community-based care [ CBC ] ) and compared it with `` enhanced '' primary care ( EPC ) to reduce CHD risk in high-risk black families . 30 - to 59-year-old siblings of a proband with CHD aged < 60 years were randomized for care of BP > or = 140/90 mm Hg , LDL cholesterol > or = 3.37 mmol/L , or current smoking to EPC ( n = 168 ) or CBC ( n = 196 ) and monitored for 1 year . and CBC were designed to eliminate barriers to care . CBC group received care by a nurse practitioner and a community health worker in a community setting . CBC group was 2 times more likely to achieve goal levels of LDL cholesterol and blood pressure compared with the EPC group ( 95 % CI , 1.11 to 4.20 and 1.39 to 3.88 , respectively ) with adjustment for baseline levels of age , sex , education , and baseline use of medications . CBC group demonstrated a significant reduction in global CHD risk , whereas no reduction was seen in the EPC group ( P < 0.0001 ) . known barriers may not be sufficient to reduce CHD risk in primary care settings . alternative community care model that addresses barriers may be a more effective way to ameliorate CHD risk in high-risk black families ."
71,Abstract #71,"study was undertaken to compare the healing outcome of a short period ( 2 weeks ) of intermaxillary fixation ( IMF ) with conventional ( 4-6 weeks ) IMF in the management of fractures of the mandibular tooth-bearing area . was a randomized controlled study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital , Lagos , Nigeria , between November 2007 and January 2009 . with minimally displaced mandibular fractures in the tooth-bearing area were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups : IMF for 2 weeks ( study group ) or IMF for 4 to 6 weeks ( control group ) . the purpose of study analysis , the primary predictor variable was the treatment ( IMF for 2 weeks vs IMF for 4-6 weeks ) . predictor variables were the age and gender of subjects . primary healing outcome was considered either satisfactory or unsatisfactory . following outcome variables that described the healing process were also compared in the 2 groups : healing time , postoperative infection , paresthesia , and maximal interincisal opening . of body weight and oral hygiene status at the end of treatment were compared in the 2 groups . value of P < .05 was considered significant . healing was observed in all cases in both groups . , satisfactory healing was observed earlier ( 5.4 0.9 weeks ) in the control group than in patients with the short IMF period ( 7.2 0.9 weeks ) ( P < .001 ) . that was amenable to selective grinding was the only complication seen in both groups ( n = 2 in study group and n = 1 in control group ) ( P = .492 ) . in the control group lost more weight after treatment than those in the study group ( P < .001 ) . recovery of interincisal mouth opening was also better in the study group than in the control group ( P < .001 ) . study group had better oral hygiene than the control group at the end of treatment . healing outcome was comparable in both groups . , the healing time was significantly longer in the group with the short IMF period . recovery of maximal mouth opening , oral hygiene status , and loss of weight body in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group . study suggests that a short period ( 2 weeks ) of IMF in the management of minimally displaced mandibular fractures of the tooth-bearing area in young adults is a suitable alternative to the conventional method in terms of the healing outcome ."
72,Abstract #72,"be a preliminary , prospective , randomized double blinded , placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Morinda citrifolia Linn or noni for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) in patients considered high risk for PONV after various types of surgery . plant extract was prepared by boiling of dried noni fruit ( maturity stage 3-4 ) then evaporated under standard procedure and processed into capsules . doses were 150 mg , 300 mg and 600 mg which are equivalent to 5 , 10 and 20 g of dried noni fruit , respectively . hundred patients of ASA physical status I or II , aged 18-65 years , and considered at risk for PONV , were randomized to receive 150 , 300 , 600 mg of noni extract or a placebo orally 1 hours before surgery . general anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were employed . fewer patients who had received the 600 mg noni extract experienced nausea during the first 6 hours compared to the placebo group ( 48 % for the 600 mg noni group and 80 % for the placebo group , p-value = 0.04 ) . incidence of PONV in other time periods was not statistically different for all three noni doses compared to the placebo group . side effects were reported in all groups . citrifolia Linn . an antiemetic property and prophylactic noni extract at 600 mg ( equivalent to 20g of dried noni fruit or scopoletin 8.712 microg ) effectively reduces the incidence of early postoperative nausea ( 0-6 hours ) ."
73,Abstract #73,"observe the efficacy and safety of Rocaltrol ( calcitriol ) and/or Caltrate D ( calicum carbonate plus vitamin D ) in elderly Chinese women with osteopenia or osteoporosis . hundred fifty Chinese women aged over 65 years with osteopenia or osteoporosis from three centers were randomly divided into two groups . participants received Caltrate D as one pill daily ; the other 74 participants received 0.25 mug Caltrate D plus Rocaltrol daily . changes in bone mineral density ( BMD ) served as primary end-points . changes , the presence of new vertebral fractures , muscle strength and balance were evaluated . following are the mean percentage changes ( and SD ) in BMD over 12 months : at L2-L4 , 0.83 + / -3.88 in the Caltrate D group and 2.84 + / -4.04 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.003 , by ANCOVA ) ; at the femoral neck , 0.04 + / -3.94 in the Caltrate D group and 2.01 + / -5.45 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.085 , by ANCOVA ) ; and in the trochanter , 1.59 + / -4.57 in the Caltrate D group and 3.76 + / -6.25 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.053 , by ANCOVA ) . stand and maximal forward reach test ( SMFRT ) was significantly enhanced in both groups during the 12 months of treatment , but no significant differences were found between these two groups . severe adverse event related to these medications occurred throughout the study . with Rocaltrol plus Caltrate D or Caltrate D for 12 months in elderly Chinese postmenopausal women effectively increased BMD at the lumbar spine . plus Caltrate D was more effective at the lumbar spine than Caltrate D alone ."
74,Abstract #74,"assess differences through grade 8 in diet , physical activity , and related health indicators of students who participated in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health ( CATCH ) school and family intervention from grades 3 through 5 . of the 4-center , randomized , controlled field trial with 56 intervention and 40 control elementary schools . studied 3714 ( 73 % ) of the initial CATCH cohort of 5106 students from ethnically diverse backgrounds in California , Louisiana , Minnesota , and Texas at grades 6 , 7 , and 8 . daily energy intake from fat at baseline was virtually identical in the control ( 32.7 % ) and intervention ( 32.6 % ) groups . grade 5 , the intake for controls remained at 32.2 % , while the intake for the intervention group declined to 30.3 % ( P < .001 ) . grade 8 , the between-group differential was maintained ( 31.6 % vs 30.6 % , P = .01 ) . students maintained significantly higher self-reported daily vigorous activity than control students ( P = .001 ) , although the difference declined from 13.6 minutes in grade 5 to 11.2 , 10.8 , and 8.8 minutes in grades 6 , 7 , and 8 , respectively . differences in favor of the intervention students also persisted at grade 8 for dietary knowledge and dietary intentions , but not for social support for physical activity . impact on smoking behavior or stages of contemplating smoking was detected at grade 8 . significant differences were noted among physiologic indicators of body mass index , blood pressure , or serum lipid and cholesterol levels . original CATCH results demonstrated that school-level interventions could modify school lunch and school physical education programs as well as influence student behaviors . 3-year follow-up without further intervention suggests that the behavioral changes initiated during the elementary school years persisted to early adolescence for self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors ."
75,Abstract #75,"vinblastine has been used to treat Kaposi 's sarcoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS-KS ) . are painful and anticipated response rates are not well documented . homosexual men were studied to evaluate the efficacy and pain associated with intralesional vinblastine with or without 1 % bicarbonate buffered lidocaine ( BBL ) . lesions on each patient were selected and treated with either vinblastine , vinblastine mixed with BBL , or vinblastine 5 minutes after BBL injection . lesions received BBL , saline , or no treatment . recorded injection pain on a visual analog scale . was a complete or partial clinical response in 88 % of vinblastine-treated lesions . scores for BBL , vinblastine , and the mixture of BBL and vinblastine were not statistically different . vinblastine is effective therapy for AIDS-KS . anesthesia does not reduce efficacy of treatment , or reduce the pain experienced by the patient ."
76,Abstract #76,"lumbar spinal fusion has been performed for more than 70years , few studies have examined rehabilitation strategies for spinal fusion patients , and there is only sparse information about the patient 's activity level after surgery . Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ( COPM ) is a standardized semi-structured interview , developed to identify patients ' problems in relation to activities of daily living ( ADL ) . COPM has neither been examined in a randomised clinical study nor employed in relation to lumbar spinal fusion patients . aimed to examine whether or not the use of the semi-structured interview COPM during in-hospital rehabilitation could : ( 1 ) identify more ADL-related problems of importance to the patients after discharge from the hospital , ( 2 ) enhance the patients ' ADL performance after discharge from hospital patients undergoing a lumbar spinal fusion caused by degenerative diseases were randomly assigned to either use of the COPM or to standard treatment . of the COPM during hospitalization helped in identifying more ADL problems encountered by patients during the first 3months post-discharge period as COPM served to identify more treatment goals and plans of action . of the COPM had no impact on the patients ' ADL performance , and the difference is so small that COPM may be of little clinical consequence ."
77,Abstract #77,"occupational exposures adversely affect lung function . study reports the influence of continued occupational dust and fume exposures on the rate of decline of lung function in participants with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) studied in a population-based study . consisted of 5,724 participants in the Lung Health Study , a multicenter study of smoking cessation and anticholinergic bronchodilator administration in smokers with early COPD ( 3,592 men ; 2,132 women ) . post-bronchodilator FEV1 at entry was 78.4 % predicted for men and 78.2 % predicted for women ; all participants had an FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.70 . underwent a baseline evaluation and five annual follow-up assessments , including questionnaires and spirometry . effect of ongoing dust or fume exposure on FEV1 in each follow-up year was statistically evaluated with a mixed-effects regression model , which was adjusted for FEV1 at entry , age , airway responsiveness to methacholine , baseline smoking intensity , and time-varying ( yearly ) smoking status during each follow-up year . men with early COPD , each year of continued fume exposure was associated with a 0.25 % predicted reduction in post-bronchodilator FEV1 % predicted . smoking and airway hyperresponsiveness were also associated with reduction in FEV1 during each year of follow-up in both men and women . significant effects of dust exposure on the rate of decline were not found , nor were effects of fume exposure noted in women . results suggest a need for secondary prevention by controlling occupational fume exposures ."
78,Abstract #78,"identify differences in lower extremity kinematic movement patterns between genders during walking through the application of an expected perturbation . limb kinematics were compared between healthy active males and females . extremity kinematics during jump landing and cutting have been implicated as a potential source of the discrepancy in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates between genders . differences between genders have been identified during tasks that are not provocative of anterior cruciate ligament injury but do result in increased ligament strain . of movement patterns that increase anterior cruciate ligament strain may increase the likelihood they will be reproduced during athletic tasks that produce force loads that exceed anterior cruciate ligament tensile strength . subjects ( 10 women , 10 men ) classified as a level I or II athlete underwent motion analyses while performing self-paced walking trials . trials were undisturbed , and five each with a platform translating either laterally or anteriorly at heel contact . , frontal , and transverse hip angles as well as sagittal and frontal knee angles were collected during stance . in the frontal and transverse planes were greater at the hip and knee for females compared to males in each walking condition . rate of these excursions also occurred more rapidly for females than males . was no difference for joint angles at initial contact between genders , and there was no difference in the amount of sagittal plane excursion for the hip and knee when comparing genders . demonstrate characteristics during both normal and perturbed gait that may potentially contribute to increased anterior cruciate ligament strain . of these potentially harmful movement patterns during provocative athletic maneuvers may lead to anterior cruciate ligament injury . exhibit lower extremity kinematic patterns that differ from males . kinematic patterns may contribute to an increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury ."
79,Abstract #79,"is metabolized in the liver by means of O-demethylation to form oxymorphone in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 ( CYP2D6 ) . enzyme is expressed as 2 phenotypes ( extensive and poor metabolizers ) . drugs are metabolized by CYP2D6 , and clinically relevant drug interactions may occur . aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxymorphone in mediating the opioid effects of oxycodone by means of blocking CYP2D6 with quinidine . healthy extensive metabolizers were administered 20 mg controlled-release oxycodone after premedication with placebo or 200 mg quinidine in this randomized , double-blind crossover study . dose of 100 mg quinidine was administered 6 hours later . opioid concentrations , subjective pharmacodynamic ratings , and psychomotor function were assessed for 24 hours after drug administration . oxymorphone was detected at any time after quinidine premedication in 8 of 10 subjects . oxycodone ( difference not significant ) and noroxycodone ( P < .01 ) concentrations were greater after quinidine pretreatment . of the production of oxymorphone by quinidine did not affect the psychomotor or subjective drug effects of oxycodone . difference in number of adverse effects was observed after the 2 pretreatments . significant reduction in plasma oxymorphone levels did not substantially alter the pharmacodynamic effects of oxycodone . was not evaluated because pain was not present ."
80,Abstract #80,"and reactogenicity of a new heptavalent DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC ( diphtheria , tetanus , whole cell pertussis-hepatitis B virus/Haemophilus influenzae type b-Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C ) vaccine was compared with a widely used pentavalent DTPw-HBV/Hib vaccine . phase III randomized studies comparable in design and methodology , in which healthy infants received DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC ( N = 1334 ) or DTPw-HBV/Hib ( N = 446 ) at 2 , 4 , and 6 months , were pooled for analysis . symptoms were recorded for 4 days , and unsolicited adverse events for 31 days after each dose . adverse events ( SAEs ) were recorded throughout the studies . were no significant differences between the two groups in the proportion of subjects with fever > 39.5 degrees C or > 40.0 degrees C ( p < 0.005 ) . to group DTPw-HBV/Hib , a significantly higher percentage of subjects in group DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC reported fever > 39 degrees C ( 21.2 % vs. 14.8 % , p = 0.004 ) . subsided quickly , did not lead to differences in attendance to medical services and did not increase from dose to dose . SAEs were reported , 56/1334 ( 4.2 % ) in group DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC and 11/446 ( 2.5 % ) in the DTPw-HBV/Hib group . , the heptavalent and pentavalent vaccines had similar safety profiles . difference observed in percentage of subjects with fever > 39 degrees C did not lead to differences in medically attended visits for fever ."
81,Abstract #81,"describe satisfaction with continuous glucose monitoring in Type 1 diabetes ; to correlate continuous glucose monitoring satisfaction scores with usage ; and to identify common themes in perceived benefits and barriers of monitoring reported by adults , youths and the parents of youths in the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation continuous glucose monitoring trials . Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale questionnaire was completed after 6 months of monitoring . also answered open-ended queries of positive and negative attributes of continuous glucose monitoring . frequent monitoring was associated with higher satisfaction for adults ( n = 224 ) , youths ( n = 208 ) and parents of youths ( n = 192 ) ( all P < 0.001 ) in both the ` benefits ' and ` hassles ' sub-scales of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Scale , but the greatest differences between the two groups involved scores on hassle items . barriers to monitoring use included insertion pain , system alarms and body issues ; while common benefits included glucose trend data , opportunities to self-correct out-of-range glucose levels and to detect hypoglycaemia . frequent use of continuous glucose monitoring is associated with improved glycaemic control without increased hypoglycaemia it is important to overcome barriers , reinforce benefits and set realistic expectations for this technology in order to promote its more consistent and frequent use in individuals with Type 1 diabetes ."
82,Abstract #82,"observe the clinical effect of Xinyikang Oral Liquid ( XYK ) in treating viral myocarditis patients of Qi-Yin Deficiency and Evil-Toxin Encroaching Heart Type . controlled method was adopted , the 92 cases in the XYK group received XYK and 30 cases in the control group received Qidong Yixin oral liquid treatment for 4 weeks as a therapeutic course . symptoms , signs , white blood cell count ( WBC ) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , lactate , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) dehydrogenase ( LDH ) , creatine phosphokinase ( CPK ) , creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme ( CPK-MB ) , electrocardiogram ( ECG ) and dynamic ECG changes before and after treatment were observed . improvement on chest stuffiness , short breath , fatigue and spontaneous perspiration in the treatment group was better than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) and XYK showed obvious improving effect on ESR , AST , LDH , CPK and CPK-MB ( P < 0.01 or 0.05 ) . was no adverse reaction or side-toxic effects revealed in using XYK . has significant therapeutic effect in treating viral myocarditis ."
83,Abstract #83,"is known about the benefit of antiviral therapy for hepatitis B e antigen ( HBeAg ) - positive patients with high viral load and normal levels of alanine aminotransferase . evaluated the effects of single and combination therapies in immune-tolerant patients with chronic hepatitis B. a double-blind study , nucleos ( t ) ide-nave patients with high levels of hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA who were positive for HBeAg and had normal levels of alanine aminotransferase were randomly assigned to groups given either oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF , 300 mg ) and placebo ( n = 64 ) or a combination of TDF ( 300 mg ) and emtricitabine ( 200 mg , n = 62 ) for 192 weeks . primary end point was proportion of patients with serum levels of HBV DNA < 69 IU/mL at week 192 . study population ( mean age was 33 years ; 89 % were Asian ) was predominantly infected with HBV genotypes B and C ( 93 % ) , 99 % were HBeAg positive with a mean baseline level of HBV DNA of 8.41 log10 IU/mL . week 192 , 55 % of patients ( 35 of 64 ) in the TDF + placebo group and 76 % of patients ( 47 of 62 ) in the TDF + emtricitabine group had levels of HBV DNA < 69 IU/mL ( P = .016 ) . patients were found to have viral resistance to therapy . seroconversion occurred in 3 patients ( 5 % ) , all in the TDF + placebo group ; no patient had loss of hepatitis B surface antigen . multivariate analysis , female sex ( odds ratio = 7.05 ; P = .002 ) and TDF + emtricitabine treatment ( odds ratio = 3.9 ; P = .01 ) were associated with a favorable response . regimens were well tolerated . HBeAg-positive patients with chronic HBV infection , high viral loads , normal levels of alanine aminotransferase , and therapy with the combination of TDF and emtricitabine provided better viral suppression than TDF alone , although rates of HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B surface antigen loss were low ."
84,Abstract #84,"randomized , noncomparative , multicenter , clinical trial evaluated ixabepilone or mitoxantrone/prednisone ( MP ) as second-line chemotherapy for taxane-refractory , hormone-refractory , prostate cancer ( HRPC ) . with HRPC that progressed during or within 60 days of cessation of taxane chemotherapy were randomly selected with equal probability to ixabepilone 35 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously every 3 weeks , or mitoxantrone 14 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously every 3 weeks and prednisone 5 mg orally twice daily . continued until progression or toxicity ; crossover was allowed . patients were accrued to each arm of the study . median number of cycles administered for each arm was 3 . survival from protocol entry was 10.4 months with ixabepilone and 9.8 months with MP . antigen ( PSA ) declines of > or = 50 % were observed in 17 % of ixabepilone ( 95 % CI , 7-32 ) and 20 % of second-line MP patients ( 95 % CI , 9-35 ) . responses were observed in 1 of 24 ixabepilone and in 2 of 21 MP patients with evaluable measurable disease . duration of second-line ixabepilone and MP treatment was 2.2 months and 2.3 months , respectively . third-line crossover treatment , PSA declines of > or = 50 % were observed in 3 of 27 ixabepilone-treated and 4 of 15 MP-treated patients . taxane response was associated with an increased likelihood of second-line ixabepilone or MP response . baseline lactate dehydrogenase and absence of visceral metastases independently predicted improved survival . most common grade 3/4 toxicity associated with second-line treatment was neutropenia ( 54 % of ixabepilone patients and 63 % of MP patients ) . and MP had modest activity as second-line chemotherapy for docetaxel-refractory HRPC . median survival for the entire cohort treated in this study was 9.8 months ."
85,Abstract #85,"purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the clinical performance of a new composite resin using two different kind of light curing systems , one conventional and one turbo boosted in a split-mouth design , by using both systems for direct bonding of orthodontic stainless steel brackets in every patient . patients , 32 females and 18 males , of which 13 were adults ( > 18 years of age ) with fixed appliances were followed for a mean period of 12 months ( range 6-16 months ) . performance of 1200 steel brackets was evaluated : 600 were bonded with a conventional light curing ( Kulzer light curing machine ) , curing every bracket for 20 seconds using Quick Cure Composite resin ( Reliance Orthodontics ) , 600 were bonded with a new curing light machine ( Reliance Ortho 2000 curing light with Power slot ) , curing every bracket for 6 seconds . were bonded both on permanent and on deciduous teeth , since many of these patients were growing patients . conventional light curing recorded an overall failure rate ( 26 brackets - 4,3 % ) significantly higher ( p < 0.0360 ) than Power Slot light curing ( 13 brackets -2,3 % ) . were no statistically significant differences ( p > 0.07 ) between the failure rates in the upper and lower arches with either light curing systems and also in between anterior and posterior areas . significant difference was evident , however , among the failure rate of upper total and lower total ( p < 0.0463 ) brackets bonded with both systems and was more evident in upper arches bonded with conventional curing system ( p < 0.0170 ) . was evident also a higher failure rate in the upper arch compared to the lower arch bonded with conventional light ( p < 0.0269 ) . Power Slot light curing was more effective . both bonding systems failed mainly at the enamel-adhesive interface , without causing damage to the enamel ."
86,Abstract #86,"investigate the effect of treatment of multiple myeloma ( MM ) - associated spinal fracture with percutaneous vertebroplasty ( PVP ) and chemotherapy . with MM-associated spinal fracture were randomly divided into combined ( PVP and chemotherapy ) treatment group ( n = 38 ) and single chemotherapy group ( n = 38 ) . the combined treatment group , bone cement was injected into vertebral body via DSA guided-percutaneous puncture . scheme was used for both groups . a 5-year follow-up was conducted for the study . the 1-year follow-up visits , PVP combined with chemotherapy achieved complete remission ( CR ) in six patients ( 15.8 % ) ; near complete remission ( nCR ) in ten patients ( 26.30 % ) ; partial remission ( PR ) in nine patients ( 23.7 % ) ; minimal response ( MR ) in three patients ( 7.9 % ) ; no change ( NC ) in four patients ( 10.5 % ) , and disease progression ( DP ) in five patients ( 13.2 % ) . chemotherapy alone resulted in 3 CR ( 7.9 % ) ; 8 nCR ( 26.30 % ) ; 19 PR ( 77.5 % ) ; 4 MR ( 17.5 % ) ; 4 NC ( 17.5 % ) , and 2 DP ( 5.0 % ) . the overall response rate ( ORR ) in the combined treatment group ( 65.8 % ) and the single chemotherapy group ( 50.0 % ) were significantly different , their visual analog pain scales ( 3.01 0.62 and 5.97 0.40 , respectively ) and Karnofsky performance scores ( 89.4 6.3 and 80.3 7.2 , respectively ) were significantly improved after treatment ( P = 0.032 and P = 0.002 , respectively ) . the ORR between the two groups were significantly different ( P = 0.001 ) . vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive surgery for MM-associated pathologic fracture . had the characteristics of minimal trauma , easy operation and less complication . can achieve long-term analgesic effect , and enhance the spinal stability ."
87,Abstract #87,"compare the efficacy and safety of acarbose plus metformin fixed-dose combination ( FDC ) versus acarbose monotherapy for type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . T2D patients undergoing treatment with diet control only or oral antidiabetic medications were run-in on acarbose 50mg thrice-daily for 4 weeks , then randomised either to continue this monotherapy , or to acarbose 50mg plus metformin hydrochloride 500mg FDC ( acarbose/metformin FDC ) , each thrice-daily for 16 weeks . FDC therapy significantly reduced HbA1c , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , and postprandial plasma glucose ( PPG ) from baseline ( all p < 0.0001 ) with superior efficacy compared with acarbose monotherapy ( between-group differences ; HbA1c -1.35 % ; FPG -29.5 mg/dl ; PPG -41.6 mg/dl ; all p < 0.0001 ) . more patients treated with acarbose/metformin FDC achieved HbA1c < 7.0 % ( 47.8 % vs. 10.7 % , p < 0.0001 ) . treatments reduced bodyweight ( p < 0.0001 ) , with a significant between-group difference ( -0.6 kg , p < 0.01 ) favouring acarbose/metformin FDC . was not reported with either treatment , and the incidence of other adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups . with acarbose monotherapy , acarbose/metformin FDC has superior antihyperglycaemic efficacy , brings proportionally more T2D patients to HbA1c goal , and further reduces bodyweight . FDC is well-tolerated without significant risk of hypoglycaemia and is a potentially advantageous therapy for T2D ."
88,Abstract #88,"of donor-specific antibodies or alloantibodies after kidney transplantation has not been performed routinely . aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral antidonor and alloresponse of immunologically low-risk recipients of cadaveric renal allografts during the first posttransplant year . against the donor was analyzed by means of T-cell immunoglobulin ( Ig ) G and IgM and B cell IgG flow cytometric crossmatch ( FCXM ) tests with sera from days 0 , 21 , 90 , and 365 posttransplant . addition , panel reactive anti-human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) class I and class II antibodies ( PRA I and PRA II ) were analyzed using flow cytometric methods . recipients were treated either with a low initial cyclosporine regimen with single-bolus antithymocyte globulin ( ATG ) or basiliximab induction or conventional cyclosporine triple therapy . significant posttransplant anti-HLA class I or class II sensitization was found in the recipients as a whole . receiving a single-bolus ATG showed significantly higher proportion of PRA I positivity in the day 21 sample compared with the other groups . cytometric donor-specific T - and B-cell IgG alloresponses remained low , but the proportion of T-cell IgM crossmatch-positive recipients increased during the study . T-cell IgM FCXM was found to be associated with acute rejection episodes and cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infections . immunologically low-risk kidney-graft recipients , positive T-cell IgM FCXM at transplantation was found to be a risk factor for rejection episodes . of T-cell IgM FCXM to positive was found to be associated with CMV infections ."
89,Abstract #89,"low-dose aprotinin administered after cardiopulmonary bypass has been reported to reduce mediastinal blood loss and blood product requirements in patients not taking aspirin , it is unknown whether low-dose postoperative aprotinin has any beneficial effects in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operations who are at high risk of excessive postoperative bleeding and increased transfusion requirements because of aspirin use until just before the operation . patients undergoing primary coronary artery operations with cardiopulmonary bypass who continued taking aspirin ( 150 mg/d ) until the day before the operation were enrolled in a prospective , randomized , double-blind trial to receive a single dose of either placebo ( n = 29 ) or 2 x 10 ( 6 ) kallikrein inhibiting units of aprotinin ( n = 26 ) at the time of sternal skin closure . in the aprotinin group had a lower rate ( 28 + / - 18 vs 43 + / - 21 mL/h [ mean + / - standard deviation ] , P < .005 ) and total volume of mediastinal drainage ( 955 + / - 615 vs 1570 + / - 955 mL , P < .007 ) , as well as a shorter duration of mediastinal drain tube insertion ( 24.4 + / - 13.8 vs 31.3 + / - 16.5 hours , P < .05 ) . addition , a smaller proportion of patients receiving aprotinin required a blood product ( 31 % vs 62 % , P = .03 ) , resulting in a reduction in the use of packed cells by 47 % ( P = .05 ) , platelets by 77 % ( P = .01 ) , fresh frozen plasma by 88 % ( P = .03 ) , and total blood products by 68 % ( P = .01 ) in this group . results suggest that postoperative administration of low-dose aprotinin in patients taking aspirin until just before primary coronary artery operations with cardiopulmonary bypass not only reduces the rate and total amount of postoperative mediastinal blood loss but also lowers postoperative blood product use ."
90,Abstract #90,"explore the intestinal mucosal barrier protective effect of herbal medicine Compound Tongfu Granule ( CTG ) in patients with liver cirrhosis of decompensation stage . patients enrolled were randomly assigned to the control group ( 26 cases ) and the CTG group ( 24 cases ) , and 30 healthy adults were set up as normal control . 2-week treatment , the intestinal permeability ( IP , represented by urinary lactulose/mannitol excretion rate ) , plasma endotoxin ( EDT ) level , and change of enteric bacteria ( EB ) in patients were observed before and after treatment , and compared with those in the normal control . treatment , cirrhotic patients showed significantly higher levels of IP , EDT , and intestinal bacilli , but a lower amount of enteric bifidobacteria as compared with those the normal control . 2-week treatment , levels of EDT and urinary excretion rate of lactulose in the CTG group were lowered more significantly than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) , while the amount of bifidobacteria in the CTG group increased accompanied with intestinal bacilli significantly lowered to near the levels in the normal control ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . can improve the intestinal barrier function , correct the intestinal bacteria disturbance , and significantly reduce the entero-derived endotoxemia in cirrhotic patients of decompensation stage ."
91,Abstract #91,"Chinese acupuncture ( TCA ) is an effective alternative treatment in migraine headache . aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effect of Yamamoto new scalp acupuncture ( YNSA ) , a recently developed microcupuncture system , with TCA for the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine headache . a randomized clinical trial , 80 patients with migraine headache were assigned to receive YNSA or TCA . pain visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and migraine therapy assessment questionnaire ( MTAQ ) were completed before treatment , after 6 and 18 sections of treatment , and 1 month after completion of therapy . the recruited patients completed the study . characteristics were similar between the two groups . and severity of migraine attacks , nausea , the need for rescue treatment , and work absence rate decreased similarly in both groups . from headache and ability to continue daily activities 2 hours after medical treatment showed similar improvement in both groups ( p > 0.05 ) . acupuncture and YNSA are similarly effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine headache and may be considered as alternatives to pharmacotherapy ."
92,Abstract #92,"determine the clinical sensitivity , specificity , negative predictive value , and positive predictive value of a rapid point-of-care diagnostic test to detect elevated matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels ( InflammaDry ) . a prospective , sequential , masked , multicenter clinical trial , InflammaDry was performed on 206 patients : 143 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of dysfunctional tear syndrome ( dry eyes ) and 63 healthy individuals serving as controls . were assessed as healthy controls or for a clinical diagnosis of dry eye using the Ocular Surface Disease Index , Schirmer tear test , tear breakup time , and keratoconjunctival staining . sensitivity and specificity of InflammaDry were compared with clinical assessment . showed sensitivity of 85 % ( in 121 of 143 patients ) , specificity of 94 % ( 59 of 63 ) , negative predictive value of 73 % ( 59 of 81 ) , and positive predictive value of 97 % ( 121 of 125 ) . with clinical assessment , InflammaDry is sensitive and specific in diagnosing dry eye . eye is often underdiagnosed resulting from poor communication between the clinical assessment of dry eye severity between clinicians and patients . often leads to a lack of effective treatment . metalloproteinase 9 is an inflammatory biomarker that has been shown to be elevated in the tears of patients with dry eyes . ability to accurately detect elevated matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels may lead to earlier diagnosis , more appropriate treatment , and better management of ocular surface disease . and perioperative management of inflammation related to dry eyes may reduce dry eyes that develop after laser in situ keratomileusis , improve wound healing , and reduce flap complications . of inflammation may allow for targeted perioperative therapeutic management of care for patients who undergo cataract and refractive surgery and improve outcomes . Identifier : NCT01313351 ."
93,Abstract #93,"assess the effects of ambulation during the first stage of labor on the duration of labor and other maternal and infant outcomes . prospective randomized trial conducted from 1stNovember2008 to 31stMarch2009 at the department of obstetrics and gynecology , CHU Farhat Hached , Sousse , Tunisia . hundred mothers with uncomplicated term pregnancies were randomly assigned to one of two groups : first group ( 100 parturients ) authorized to ambulate until 6cm of cervical dilation and a second group ( 100 parturients ) confined to bed in dorsal or lateral recumbence . position reduces significantly ( for about 34 % ) the duration of the first stage of labor ( P < 0.0001 ) , the pain intensity , the oxytocin consumption ( P = 0.001 ) , the rate of delivery by cesarean section and of instrumental deliveries . position leads also to a net improvement of the maternal outcome ( 7 % side effects versus 13 % ) and the fetal outcome ( net improvement of the Apgar 's score at first and fifth minute , and reduction of a factor5 of the rate of transfer to the neonatology clinical care unit . study allowed to confirm the benefits of ambulation on labor progress as well as on the maternal comfort and the maternofetal outcome ."
94,Abstract #94,aim of this trial is to evaluate the role Lactobacillus paracasei in Bell 's stage 2 in order to prevent the clinical progression to stage 3 . prospective study was approved and started in December 2008 . were infants with birth weight 600 to 1500 g. group received probiotic supplementation ( L. paracasei susp.paracasei F-19 ) and the control group received only standard medical treatment . primary outcome was the progression to stage 3 as defined by Bell 's modified criteria . and exclusion criteria were created and discussed with parents before treatment . patients ( stage 2 NEC ) were considered eligible for the study . A : 18 patients and Group B : 14 patients . patients in group A and six patients in group B had a clinical history of Bell 's stage 3 NEC ( P < 0.05 ) ; oral supplementation of L. paracasei reduced the clinical progression of NEC . was considered that an improvement in intestinal motility might have contributed to this result . use of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp . F-19 is safe ; the low progression rate to stage 3 NEC suggests that the use of this probiotic in stage 2 NEC could be a valuable therapeutic option .
95,Abstract #95,"II diabetes is often associated with high blood pressure , elevated sympathetic activity , and high plasma insulin levels . agents may negatively interfere with blood pressure control , sympathetic activity , and plasma insulin level ; therefore the choice of treatment in type II diabetes may be crucial . aimed to compare the effects of two hypoglycemic drugs on blood glucose , blood pressure , sympathetic activity , and insulin levels in type II diabetic and hypertensive patients . ( 24M , 24F ) type II diabetic , hypertensive , and hyperlipidemic subjects were enrolled and treated for 4 weeks with an ACE inhibitor ( Cilazapril ) and a statin ( Simvastatin ) . were then randomized into two groups to receive a thiazolidinedione ( Rosiglitazone ; ROS ) or a sulfonylurea ( Glibenclamide ; GLB ) for 8 weeks . biochemistry , blood pressure , plasma insulin , endothelial function , and sympathetic skin activity were measured before and after treatment . significant drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6.1 + / - 4.1 mm Hg and 4.2 + / - 1.9 mm Hg respectively ; a reduction in plasma insulin concentration by 4.3 + / - 1.9 mU/L and a decline in skin sympathetic activity were observed in the group receiving ROS . GLB group showed an increase in systolic blood pressure by 3.1 + / - 2.5 mm Hg , no change in diastolic blood pressure , significant elevation in plasma insulin concentration by 2.3 + / - 1.4 mu/L , and augmentation of sympathetic activity . significant changes in endothelial function were observed in either group . improved both plasma glucose and blood pressure levels , probably by attenuation of hyperinsulinemia and sympathetic activity , while Glibenclamide worsened blood pressure control possibly by elevation of insulin levels and activation of the sympathetic system ."
96,Abstract #96,"have previously reported , in an uncontrolled trial , an improvement in fatigue scores in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis given oral antioxidant supplementation . now present data from a controlled trial . patients with primary biliary cirrhosis-associated fatigue were randomized into a double-blind , placebo-controlled , cross-over trial . received 12 weeks each of placebo and antioxidant supplementation ( vitamins A , C and E , selenium , methionine and ubiquinone ) in random order , separated by a 4-week washout period . primary trial outcome ( fatigue ) was assessed using the Fisk scale . symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis were measured using Likert and visual analogue scales . patients completed both arms of the trial . significant changes in fatigue were recorded in the active phase of treatment ( median improvement in Fisk score , 1 ; P = 0.61 ) . improvements in Fisk scores were recorded during placebo therapy ( median improvement , 4 ; P = 0.03 ) . medication was associated with improvement in any other symptoms related to primary biliary cirrhosis . effects were more common during active therapy and were mild and self-limiting . patient died from unrelated causes during active treatment . oral antioxidant supplementation appears to be safe , we could not find any evidence for a beneficial effect on fatigue or other liver-related symptoms ."
97,Abstract #97,"compare a simplified method of measuring extravascular lung water ( EVLW ) using only a single indicator ( EVLW-SI ) with the standard double indicator dilution technique ( EVLW-DI ) . comparison of EVLW-SI with EVLW-DI in 18 critically ill patients . general medical ICU in a university-affiliated hospital . men and nine women , ages 19 to 80 yr . patients were in shock ( four from septic shock ) , and 11 were in respiratory failure . and cardiac output were measured in triplicate during injection of cold indocyanine green dye . output was calculated both from pulmonary artery ( COpa ) and femoral artery ( COfem-di ) thermal dilution signals . and COfem-si were also measured during three additional injections of cold saline using only thermal signals from the pulmonary and femoral arteries . of measurements was random . was measured in ten patients while blood was withdrawn through the femoral catheter and in ten patients without blood drawn through the femoral catheter . total of 84 comparisons were made . the overall correlations were good ( r2 = .86 ) , EVLW-SI systematically overestimated EVLW-DI ( p less than .05 ) . difference was greater when EVLW-SI was measured without blood withdrawal through the femoral catheter . this subgroup , mean values for EVLW by the two methods were within 20 % of one another in only two of ten patients , in contrast to the results in six of eight patients in which blood was withdrawn through the catheter . and COfem-di also overestimated COpa . , neither injection of green dye nor blood withdrawal should be necessary during measurements of EVLW-SI , making it a simpler technique for bedside use than EVLW-DI . , significant discrepancies exist between the two techniques . of this difference is apparently due to technical factors related to catheter design . any case , we can not recommend use of the single indicator dilution technique at present to estimate EVLW ."
98,Abstract #98,"dose-effect relationship of nifuratel ( CAS 4936-47-4 ) + nystatin ( CAS 1400-61-9 , CAS 34786-70-4 ) ( Macmiror Complex ) in topical treatment of vulvo-vaginitis was studied . patients with Trichomoniasis and/or Candidiasis were randomized to : 1 ) nifuratel 125 mg/nystatin 50000 IU , 2 ) nifuratel 250 mg/nystatin 100000 IU , 3 ) nifuratel 500 mg/nystatin 200000 IU . ovules were intravaginally applied qd for 10 days . dose-effect relationship was assessed by ANCOVA . 5 days the microbiological cure rate occurred in 10 % of patients in the least dose , in 40 % in the middle dose and in 85 % in the highest dose group ( P = 0.000 ) . 10 days of treatment , the microbiological cure rate increased to 45 % , 84 % , and 95 % , respectively ( P = 0.007 ) . signs and symptoms gradually disappeared in a dose - and time-dependent manner . relapse has been observed after 10 day-follow up on 46 patients . results confirmed a linear relationship between nifuratel + nystatin dose and effect . least effective dose was nifuratel 250 mg + nystatin 100,000 IU once daily for 5 days and the best dose in terms of risk/benefit ratio was nifuratel 500 mg + nystatin 200,000 IU once daily for 5 days ."
99,Abstract #99,"Site Infection ( SSI ) is the third most frequent nosocomial infection , and accounts for 14-16 % of all infections . the treatment of SSI can be very costly , previous results indicated that triclosan may reduce SSI rate . , we carried out a prospective randomised trial to further evaluate the effect of triclosan after elective colorectal surgery . surgical units in Hungary were involved in a prospective , randomised , multicentric clinical trial to compare triclosan coated ( PDS plus ) and uncoated ( PDS II ) sutures for abdominal wall closure in elective colorectal surgery . - and perioperative variables were recorded in an online database . primary aims of the study were to determine the incidence of SSI and the pathogens associated with it , as well as evaluation of additional cost of treatment . patients were randomised . occurred in 47 cases ( 12.5 % ) , of those 23 ( 12.23 % ) from the triclosan group ( n = 188 ) and 24 ( 12.18 % ) from the uncoated group ( n = 197 , p = 0.982 ) . 13 ( 27.66 % ) cases late appearance of SSI was detected , of those 4 patients with triclosan coated suture ( 8.51 % ) and 9 patients with uncoated suture ( 19.15 % , p = 0.041 ) . was no difference between the type of incisions or elective colon and rectal resections in terms of incidence of SSI . effect of triclosan against Gram positive bacteria could not be confirmed in our study due to the relatively low number of patients with SSI . , triclosan did not influence the incidence of SSI due to Gram negative bacteria . rate decreased by 50 % compared to our previous study , however , it was regardless of the use of coated or uncoated PDS loop . , operative factors were more important than patient 's risk factors in terms of incidence of SSI . case SSI developed , delayed discharge from hospital as well as special wound care significantly increased overall cost of treatment ."
100,Abstract #100,"article provides new data on a controversial issue , the influence of doses on the diffusion characteristics of 2 botulinum toxins type A. OBJECTIVE To assess the fields of effect of abobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA at the same labeled unit dose ( 1:1 U ) comparing sweat gland and muscle activity . prospective , single-center , randomized , double-blind study was conducted at the Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology in Porto Alegre , Brazil . participants included 19 women . patient received 2 U of abobotulinumtoxinA on one side of the forehead and 2 U of onabotulinumtoxinA on the other side . and vertical diameter and area of the fields of anhidrotic effect , the amplitude of evoked compound muscle action potentials , and the 4-point validated Wrinkle Severity Scale were assessed at 28 days . horizontal and vertical diameters of the fields of effect and the areas were significantly larger for onabotulinumtoxinA than those obtained for abobotulinumtoxinA . were no significant differences between the products in the Wrinkle Severity Scale scores and Evoked Compound Muscle Action Potentials . had significantly more diffusion than abobotulinumtoxinA when isovolumetric injections of the same labeled unit dose of the products were injected . AND RELEVANCE Although many studies state that diffusion is product dependent and abobotulinumtoxinA diffuses more than onabotulinumtoxinA , findings from the present study confirm that diffusion is dose dependent and the more potent dose tested diffuses more . REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT01732809 ."
101,Abstract #101,"phospatidyl-choline ( PPC ) has been shown to reduce serum aminotransferases in experimental hepatitis . multi-center , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of PPC in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C in combination with interferon alpha 2a or 2b . diagnosis of chronic viral hepatitis was based on an abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) value ( more than twice the upper value of normal ) , viral replication and chronic hepatitis found on liver biopsy . received 5 million I.U. ( Hepatitis B ) and 3 million I.U. ( hepatitis C ) interferon s.c. thrice weekly for 24 weeks , respectively , and were randomly assigned to additional oral medication with either 6 capsules of PPC ( total daily dose : 1.8 g ) or 6 capsules of placebo per day for 24 weeks . response to therapy was defined as a reduction of ALT by more than 50 % of pre-treatment values . responders were treated for further 24 weeks after cessation of interferon therapy with either PPC or placebo . patients completed the study protocol ( per-protocol population : 92 in the PPC and 84 in the placebo group ) . biochemical response ( > 50 % ALT reduction ) was seen in 71 % of patients who were treated with PPC , but only in 56 % of patients who received placebo ( p < 0.05 ) . increased the response rate in particular in patients with hepatitis C : 71 % of those patients responded in the PPC group versus 51 % in the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) . PPC therapy given to responders beyond the cessation of interferon therapy tended to increase the rate of sustained responders at week 48 in patients with hepatitis C ( 41 % versus 15 % in the control group ; p = 0.064 ) . contrast , PPC did not alter the biochemical response to interferon in patients with hepatitis B. PPC did not accelerate elimination of HBV-DNA , HBeAg and HCV-RNA . conclusion , PPC may be recommended in patients with chronic hepatitis C in combination with interferon and after termination of interferon in order to reduce the high relapse rate . may not be recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis B. contrast to IFN and other antiviral agents PPC does not carry major risks and is tolerated very well ."
102,Abstract #102,"subjective and psychomotor effects of remifentanil have not been evaluated . , the authors used mood inventories and psychomotor tests to characterize the effects of remifentanil in healthy , non-drug-abusing volunteers . was used as a comparator drug . healthy volunteers were enrolled in a randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled , crossover trial in which they received an infusion of saline , remifentanil , or alfentanil for 120 min . age - and weight-adjusted infusions ( determined with STANPUMP , a computer modeling software package ) were given to achieve three predicted constant plasma levels for 40 min each of remifentanil ( 0.75 , 1.5 , and 3 ng/ml ) and alfentanil ( 16 , 32 , and 64 ng/ml ) . forms and psychomotor tests were completed , and miosis was assessed , during and after the infusions . addition , analgesia was tested at each dose level using a cold-pressor test . had prototypic micro-like opioid subjective effects , impaired psychomotor performance , and produced analgesia . at the dose range tested had more mild effects on these measures , and the analgesia data indicated that a 40:1 potency ratio , rather than the 20:1 ratio we used , may exist between remifentanil and alfentanil . psychomotor test administered 60 min after the remifentanil infusion was discontinued showed that the volunteers were still impaired , although they reported feeling no drug effects . notion that the pharmacodynamic effects of remifentanil are extremely short-lived after the drug is no longer administered must be questioned given our findings that psychomotor effects were still apparent 1 h after the infusion was discontinued ."
103,Abstract #103,"radiotherapy is commonly used to treat localised prostate cancer . chronic side-effects limit the dose that can be given , and may be linked to the volume of normal tissues irradiated . radiotherapy allows a smaller amount of rectum and bladder to be treated , by shaping the high-dose volume to the prostate . assessed the ability of this new technology to lessen the risk of radiation-related effects in a randomised controlled trial of conformal versus conventional radiotherapy . recruited men with prostate cancer for treatment with a standard dose of 64 Gy in daily 2 Gy fractions . men were randomly assigned conformal or conventional radiotherapy treatment . primary endpoint was the development of late radiation complications ( > 3 months after treatment ) measured with the Radiation Therapy and Oncology Group ( RTOG ) score . of disease ( cancer ) control were also recorded . the 225 men treated , significantly fewer men developed radiation-induced proctitis and bleeding in the conformal group than in the conventional group ( 37 vs 56 % > or = RTOG grade 1 , p = 0.004 ; 5 vs 15 % > or = RTOG grade 2 , p = 0.01 ) . were no differences between groups in bladder function after treatment ( 53 vs 59 % > or = grade 1 , p = 0.34 ; 20 vs 23 % > or = grade 2 , p = 0.61 ) . median follow-up of 3.6 years there was no significant difference between groups in local tumour control ( conformal 78 % [ 95 % CI 66-86 ] , conventional 83 % [ 69-90 ] ) . techniques significantly lowered the risk of late radiation-induced proctitis after radiotherapy for prostate cancer . introduction of these radiotherapy treatment methods is appropriate . results are the basis for dose-escalation studies to improve local tumour control ."
104,Abstract #104,"therapy is complicated by drug interactions and contraindications . regimens are needed . open label study randomly assigned treatment-naive , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) - infected subjects to receive tenofovir-emtricitabine with efavirenz ( Arm I ) , with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir ( Arm II ) , or with zidovudine/abacavir ( Arm III ) . comparisons of differences in time-weighted mean change from baseline plasma HIV-RNA to week 48 formed the primary analysis . arms were noninferior if the upper limit of the 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) was < 0.5 log ( 10 ) copies/mL . objectives included virologic , immunologic and safety end points . intention-to-treat population comprised 322 patients ( Arm I , n = 114 ; Arm II , n = 105 ; and Arm III , n = 103 ) . for the primary end point was established . for superiority showed that Arm III was significantly less potent than Arm I ( -0.20 log ( 10 ) copies/mL ; 95 % CI , -0.39 to -0.01 log ( 10 ) copies/mL ; P = .038 ) . proportions of patients on each of Arm I ( 95 % ) and Arm II ( 96 % ) with < 200 copies/mL were not different ( P = .75 ) , but the percentage of patients in Arm III with < 200 copies/mL ( 82 % ) was significantly lower ( P = .005 ) . + cell counts did not differ . adverse events were more frequent in Arm III ( n = 30 ) than in Arm I or Arm II ( n = 15 for each ; P = .062 ) . novel quadruple nucleo ( t ) side combination demonstrated significantly less suppression of HIV replication , compared with the suppression demonstrated by standard antiretroviral therapy regimens , although it did meet the predetermined formal definition of noninferiority . analyses indicated statistically inferior virologic and safety performance . and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir arms were equivalent in viral suppression and safety ."
105,Abstract #105,"aim of this study was to describe blood pressure responses during resistance exercise in hypertensive subjects and to determine whether an exercise protocol alters these responses . exercise has been recommended as a complement for aerobic exercise for hypertensive patients . , blood pressure changes during this kind of exercise have been poorly investigated in hypertensives , despite multiple studies of normotensives demonstrating significant increases in blood pressure . hypertensive and ten normotensive subjects performed , in random order , two different exercise protocols , composed by three sets of the knee extension exercise conducted to exhaustion : 40 % of the 1-repetition maximum ( 1RM ) with a 45-s rest between sets , and 80 % of 1RM with a 90-s rest between sets . intra-arterial blood pressure was measured before and throughout each protocol . with normotensives , hypertensives displayed greater increases in systolic BP during exercise at 80 % ( +80 + / -3 vs. +62 + / -2 mmHg , P < 0.05 ) and at 40 % of 1RM ( +75 + / -3 vs. +67 + / -3 mmHg , P < 0.05 ) . both exercise protocols , systolic blood pressure returned to baseline during the rest periods between sets in the normotensives ; however , in the hypertensives , BP remained slightly elevated at 40 % of 1RM . rest periods , diastolic blood pressure returned to baseline in hypertensives and dropped below baseline in normotensives . exercise increased systolic blood pressure considerably more in hypertensives than in normotensives , and this increase was greater when lower-intensity exercise was performed to the point of exhaustion ."
106,Abstract #106,"purpose of this study was to explore the amount of family contact among older persons with serious mental illnesses ( SMI ) , and to examine its relationship to health and mental health . analysis of baseline data was conducted from a treatment study including 180 adults age 50 and older . amount of family contact was examined with descriptive statistics . in health and mental health were examined between participants with low , moderate , or high levels of family contact . also compared these groups on health and mental health functioning , controlling for psychiatric symptoms and the number and severity of medical diseases , respectively . three-quarters of respondents ( 77.8 % ) reported speaking on the phone with a relative and two-thirds ( 67.2 % ) reported seeing a relative at least once during the past month . adults who lived with a family member had more severe mood symptoms and poorer mental health functioning . who lived with family or had moderate levels of family contact had more comorbid diseases and more disease severity than those with less family contact . relationships remained significant after controlling for medical conditions or psychiatric symptoms . majority of older persons have regular family contact and those with the highest levels of family contact appear to have more compromised physical and mental health . findings provide new knowledge for practitioners regarding the importance of using family interventions to target physical health and mental illness management for older consumers who may need assistance to access medical care and treatment . research on the role of families in psychiatric and physical health management will provide a foundation for family interventions aimed at supporting community living among older adults ."
107,Abstract #107,"benefits of glutamine supplementation have been shown in athletically and clinically stressed human subjects . the horse , infection and intense exercise have also been shown to significantly decrease plasma glutamine concentrations , but little is known on how best to supplement . evaluate whether ingestion of different foodstuffs , with or without L-glutamine ( G ) or a peptide ( Pep ) containing 31.5 % w/w G in a water-stable form , could affect plasma glutamine concentrations ( P-GC ) . feeds ( molassed sugar beet-pulp ( mSB ) ; naked oats ( nO ) ; commercial mix ( CM ) ; mSB with 30 or 60 mg/kg bwt G or the G-molar equivalent of Pep ; and CM with 60 mg/kg bwt G or equivalent Pep ) were offered to 6 healthy mature horses on different days following overnight food restriction . changes in P-GC were monitored for 8 h post feeding . 1.5 h mean + / - s.d. AP-GC were -0.9 + / - 10.2 % ( mSB ) , +12.5 + / - 7.1 % ( nO ) and +44.7 + / - 15.9 % ( CM ; P < 0.05 ) . with mSB supplemented with G was +60.9 + / - 30.0 % ( 30 mg ; P < 0.05 ) and +156.8 + / - 34.6 % ( 60 mg ; P < 0.05 ) at 1 h ; deltaP-GC with Pep was 51.0 + / - 31.0 % ( 30 mg equivalent , P < 0.05 ) and +91.1 + / - 9.5 % ( 60 mg equivalent , P < 0.05 ) at 1 h. 10 days of supplementation with 60 mg/kg bwt G , AP-GC following a further 60 mg/kg bwt G challenge showed a similar increase at 1 h of +154.3 + / - 37.9 % ; prevalues were unchanged . and Pep added to CM , increased P-GC by 246.3 + / - 55.3 ( +99.2 % ) and 252.3 + / - 94.2 micromol/l ( 96.7 % ) at 1.5 h with concentrations still above prevalues at 8 h ( P < 0.05 ) . from the CM ( with or without supplement ) , pre P-GC was always regained by 4 h. Plasma NH3 and plasma protein concentrations were unaffected by supplementation with G or Pep . may be modified by appropriate supplementation with no apparent adverse effects . P-GC through appropriate supplementation may be of benefit in the athletically or clinically stressed horse with lowered plasma glutamine concentrations ."
108,Abstract #108,"and validate limited-sampling strategy ( LSS ) models for estimating the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve ( AUC ) of amlodipine , using data from a bioequivalence study . healthy volunteers received single 5-mg oral doses of amlodipine , as reference or test formulation , at a 14-day interval , in a randomized , crossover protocol . concentrations of amlodipine ( n = 288 ) , measured by mass spectrometry , were used to develop LSS models . regression analysis of the AUC0-72 and a `` jack-knife '' validation procedure revealed that LSS models based on two sampling times ( 12 h and 48 h ) predict accurately ( R2 = 0.99 ; bias < 0.01 % ; precision = 0.03 % ) the AUC0-72 of amlodipine for each formulation . tests indicate that the 2-point LSS model developed for the reference formulation predicts accurately ( R2 > 0.90 ) : ( a ) the individual AUC0-72 for the test formulation in the same group of volunteers ; ( b ) the individual AUC0-72 for the same reference formulation in another bioequivalence study in Brazilian volunteers ; ( c ) the average AUC0-72 reported in seven additional international studies performed under protocols similar to the present investigation ; ( d ) the individual AUC0-72 corresponding to concentration data points provided by a first-order compartmental pharmacokinetic model , when the relative values of either the absorption rate ( Kabs ) or the bioavailability ( F ) model parameters were set at 0.85 or 0.6 , of their respective original values . 2-point LSS models developed in the current study predict accurately the AUC of amlodipine under a variety of experimental conditions and , thus , may be valuable for exploring the relationships between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this calcium antagonist , at reduced costs of sample acquisition and analysis , and avoiding sampling at `` unsociable '' hours ."
109,Abstract #109,"strategies are available for the prevention of cognitive impairment in elderly persons . lipoprotein levels may be important predictors of cognitive function , and drugs that lower cholesterol may be effective for the prevention of cognitive impairment . determine whether serum lipoprotein levels , the 4-year change in serum lipoprotein levels , and the use of statin drugs are associated with cognition in older women without dementia . observational study of 1037 postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease enrolled in the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study ( participants at 10 of 20 centers ) . Modified Mini-Mental State Examination was administered at the end of the study after 4 years of follow-up . whose score was less than 84 points ( > 1.5 SDs below the mean ) were classified as having cognitive impairment . levels ( total , high-density lipoprotein , and low-density lipoprotein [ LDL ] cholesterol and triglycerides ) were measured at baseline and at the end of the study ; statin use was documented at each visit . with women in the lower quartiles , women in the highest LDL cholesterol quartile at cognitive testing had worse mean plus minus SD Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores ( 93.7 plus minus 6.0 vs 91.9 plus minus 7.6 ; P = .002 ) and an increased likelihood of cognitive impairment ( adjusted odds ratio , 1.76 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.04-2 .97 ) . reduction in the LDL cholesterol level during the 4 years tended to be associated with a lower odds of impairment ( adjusted odds ratio , 0.61 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.36-1 .03 ) compared with women whose levels increased . total and LDL cholesterol levels , corrected for lipoprotein ( a ) levels , were also associated with a worse Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score and a higher likelihood of impairment , whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not associated with cognition . with nonusers , statin users had higher mean plus minus SD Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores ( 92.7 plus minus 7.1 vs 93.7 plus minus 6.1 ; P = .02 ) and a trend for a lower likelihood of cognitive impairment ( odds ratio , 0.67 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.42-1 .05 ) , findings that seemed to be independent of lipid levels . LDL and total cholesterol levels are associated with cognitive impairment , and lowering these lipoprotein levels may be a strategy for preventing impairment . association between statin use and better cognitive function in women without dementia requires further study ."
110,Abstract #110,"and presenting data on different outcomes after sick-leave is challenging . use of extended statistical methods supplies additional information and allows further exploitation of data . hundred and fifty-seven patients , sick-listed for 8-12 weeks for low back pain , were randomized to intervention ( n = 237 ) or control ( n = 220 ) . was measured as : `` sick-listed '' , `` returned to work '' , or `` disability pension '' . individuals shifted between the three states between one and 22 times ( mean 6.4 times ) . a multi-state model , shifting between the states was set up in a transition intensity matrix . probability of being in any of the states was calculated as a transition probability matrix . effects of the intervention were modelled using a non-parametric model . was an effect of the intervention for leaving the state sick-listed and shifting to returned to work ( relative risk ( RR ) = 1.27 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.09 - 1.47 ) . nonparametric estimates showed an effect of the intervention for leaving sick-listed and shifting to returned to work in the first 6 months . found a protective effect of the intervention for shifting back to sick-listed between 6 and 18 months . analyses showed that the probability of staying in the state returned to work was not different between the intervention and control groups at the end of the follow-up ( 3 years ) . demonstrate that these alternative analyses give additional results and increase the strength of the analyses . simple intervention did not decrease the probability of being on sick-leave in the long term ; however , it decreased the time that individuals were on sick-leave ."
111,Abstract #111,"purpose of this study was to compare the cost of percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) using bivalirudin with provisional platelet glycoprotein ( GP ) IIb/IIIa inhibition with that of heparin + routine GP IIb/IIIa inhibition . GP IIb/IIIa inhibition has been shown to reduce ischemic complications in a broad range of patients undergoing PCI , many patients currently do not receive such therapy because of concerns about bleeding complications or cost . , bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb/IIIa inhibition has been validated as an alternative to heparin + routine GP IIb/IIIa inhibition for patients undergoing PCI . , the cost-effectiveness of this novel strategy is unknown . the Randomized Evaluation in PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events ( REPLACE ) -2 trial , 4,651 U.S. patients undergoing non-emergent PCI were randomized to receive bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb/IIIa ( n = 2,319 ) versus heparin + routine GP IIb/IIIa ( n = 2,332 ) . utilization data were collected prospectively through 30-day follow-up on all U.S. patients . care costs were estimated using standard methods including bottom-up accounting ( for procedural costs ) , the Medicare fee schedule ( for physician services ) , hospital billing data ( for 2,821 of 4,862 admissions ) , and regression-based approaches for the remaining hospitalizations . the bivalirudin group , 7.7 % required provisional GP IIb/IIIa . ischemic outcomes including death or myocardial infarction were similar for the bivalirudin and GP IIb/IIIa groups , but bivalirudin resulted in lower rates of major bleeding ( 2.8 % vs. 4.5 % , p = 0.002 ) and minor bleeding ( 15.1 % vs. 28.1 % , p < 0.001 ) . with routine GP IIb/IIIa , in-hospital and 30-day costs were reduced by $ 405 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] $ 37 to $ 773 ) and $ 374 ( 95 % CI $ 61 to $ 688 ) per patient with bivalirudin ( p < 0.001 for both ) . modeling demonstrated that , in addition to the costs of the anticoagulants themselves , hospital savings were due primarily to reductions in major bleeding ( cost savings = $ 107/patient ) , minor bleeding ( $ 52/patient ) , and thrombocytopenia ( $ 47/patient ) . with heparin + routine GP IIb/IIIa inhibition , bivalirudin + provisional GP IIb/IIIa inhibition resulted in similar acute ischemic events and cost savings of $ 375 to $ 400/patient depending on the analytic perspective ."
112,Abstract #112,"explore the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on the plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) -9 and myocardial ultramicrostructure in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement . patients undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) were randomly assigned to a control group ( n15 ) and an isoflurane group ( n15 ) . the isoflurane group , isoflurane of 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration end-tidal ( 1.1 % approximately 1.2 % ) was administered for 30 min followed by a 15 min washout period before the CPB . control group did not inhale isofurane , and there was no difference in the other drugs in the 2 groups . samples for MMP-9 were obtained before incision ( T ( 0 ) ) and at 30 min ( T ( 1 ) ) ,6 h ( T ( 2 ) ) ,12 h ( T ( 3 ) ) , and 24 h ( T ( 4 ) ) after the reperfusion . atrial biopsies were collected before and after the CPB to observe the myocardial ultramicrostructure . with T ( 0 ) , the mean MMP-9 level significantly increased at T ( 1 ) , T ( 2 ) and T ( 3 ) in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) , while the MMP-9 level only at T ( 1 ) significantly increased in the isoflurane group ( P < 0.01 ) . mean MMP-9 level was significantly reduced in the isoflurane group at T ( 2 ) compared with each time point in the control group . difference in MMP-9 levels between T ( 1 ) , T ( 2 ) , T ( 3 ) and T ( 0 ) was significantly lower in the isoflurane group than that in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . ultramicrostructure injury of myocardium under electron microscope in the control group was worse than that in the isoflurane group . plasma concentration of MMP-9 is inhibited by isoflurane preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement after CPB , which might be part of its protective mechanism against myocardium injury after CPB ."
113,Abstract #113,"stereotactic surgical planning systems ( SSPSs ) have been used for deep brain stimulation and radioneurosurgery . , we evaluated the feasibility , safety and efficacy of using a SSPS to aid spontaneous intracerebral haematoma ( ICH ) treatment . with moderate spontaneous putamen haematomas were randomized into two groups : treatment ( group A ) and control ( group B ) . group B , the catheter for evacuating haematomas was inserted into a target point , located at the centre of the haematoma , using conventional frame-based stereotactics ; urokinase thrombolysis was subsequently delivered through the catheter . group A , this procedure was assisted by a SSPS , which designed both the target point and trajectory in the haematoma through virtual reality . of evacuating haematomas and number of urokinase injections was compared between groups . total , 65 patients were recruited : in group A ( n = 30 ) , the duration of evacuating haematomas ( 35.279.17 h ) was shorter than in group B ( n = 35 ; 67.7713.82 h ) . were fewer urokinase injections in group A ( 3.631.16 ) than in group B ( 6.401.29 ) . feasibility , efficacy and safety of spontaneous ICH treatment were optimized by the use of a frame-based SSPS ."
114,Abstract #114,"of the heart to expose the posterior vessels during off-pump coronary artery bypass ( OPCAB ) may cause hemodynamic instability . pericardial traction suture ( DPTS ) and vacuum-assisted apical suction ( VAS ) with the Starfish positioning device help to provide good exposure without relevant hemodynamic changes . aim was to compare these two methods in patients undergoing multivessel OPCAB . prospectively randomized 20 patients undergoing multivessel OPCAB to the use of VAS or DPTS . Octopus device was used in both groups to stabilize the target vessel . parameters , including venous oxygen content ( SvO ( 2 ) ) , cardiac index ( CI ) , central venous pressure ( CVP ) , mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) , pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP ) , and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ( PCWP ) , were measured before grafting ( baseline ) , after heart positioning , and during performance of peripheral anastomoses . data for the two groups were similar . exposure of the lateral wall , there were fewer hemodynamic changes in the DPTS group ( increase in CVP ) than in the VAS group ( increases in CVP , PAP , and PCWP ) ; the CVP was significantly higher in the DPTS group ( P < .05 ) . exposure of the posterior wall , significant hemodynamic changes occurred only in the DPTS group ( increase in PCWP ) . for all other parameters were similar , including anastomosis time , graft flow , postoperative myocardial enzymes , and inotropic support . positioning during OPCAB with either VAS or DPTS is a safe and effective maneuver for exposure of coronary arteries . our study , the use of the VAS device produced less hemodynamic impairment during exposure of the lateral and posterior walls ."
115,Abstract #115,"prognosis for locally advanced gastric cancer is poor despite advances in adjuvant chemotherapy . did the Stomach cancer Adjuvant Multi-Institutional group Trial ( SAMIT ) to assess the superiority of sequential treatment ( paclitaxel then tegafur and uracil [ UFT ] or paclitaxel then S-1 ) compared with monotherapy ( UFT or S-1 ) and also the non-inferiority of UFT compared with S-1 . did this randomised phase 3 trial with a two-by-two factorial design at 230 hospitals in Japan . enrolled patients aged 20-80 years with T4a or T4b gastric cancer , who had had D2 dissection and a ECOG performance score of 0-1 . were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups with minimisation for tumour size , lymph node metastasis , and study site . received UFT only ( 267 mg/m ( 2 ) per day ) , S-1 only ( 80 mg/m ( 2 ) per day ) for 14 days , with a 7-day rest period or three courses of intermittent weekly paclitaxel ( 80 mg/m ( 2 ) ) followed by either UFT , or S-1 . lasted 48 weeks in monotherapy groups and 49 weeks in the sequential treatment groups . primary endpoint was disease-free survival assessed by intention to treat . assessed whether UFT was non-inferior to S-1 with a non-inferiority margin of 133 . trial was registered at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry , number C000000082 . randomly assigned 1495 patients between Aug 3 , 2004 , and Sept 29 , 2009.374 patients were assigned to receive UFT alone , 374 to receive S-1 alone , 374 to received paclitaxel then UFT , and 373 to receive paclitaxel then S-1 . included 1433 patients in the primary analysis after at least 3 years of follow-up ( 359 , 364 , 355 , and 355 in each group respectively ) . treatment was completed by 215 ( 60 % ) patients in the UFT group , 224 ( 62 % ) in the S-1 group , 242 ( 68 % ) in the paclitaxel then UFT group , and 250 ( 70 % ) in the paclitaxel then S-1 group . disease-free survival for monotherapy was 540 % ( 95 % CI 502-576 ) and that of sequential treatment was 572 % ( 534-608 ; hazard ratio [ HR ] 092 , 95 % CI 080-107 , p = 0273 ) . disease-free survival for the UFT group was 530 % ( 95 % CI 492-566 ) and that of the S-1 group was 582 % ( 544-618 ; HR 081 , 95 % CI 070-093 , p = 00048 ; pnon-inferiority = 0151 ) . most common grade 3-4 haematological adverse event was neutropenia ( 41 [ 11 % ] of 359 patients in the UFT group , 48 [ 13 % ] of 363 in the S-1 group , 46 [ 13 % ] of 355 in the paclitaxel then UFT group , and 83 [ 23 % ] of 356 in the paclitaxel then S-1 group ) . most common grade 3-4 non-haematological adverse event was anorexia ( 21 [ 6 % ] , 24 [ 7 % ] , seven [ 2 % ] , and 18 [ 5 % ] , respectively ) . treatment did not improve disease-free survival , and UFT was not non-inferior to S-1 ( and S-1 was superior to UFT ) , therefore S-1 monotherapy should remain the standard treatment for locally advanced gastric cancer in Japan . and Clinical Research Information Network ."
116,Abstract #116,"evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention programme in primary healthcare , targeted to patients with moderate to high risk of cardiovascular disease in terms of cardiovascular risk factors , physical activity , and quality of life . controlled trial with one-year follow-up , carried out in a primary healthcare centre in Northern Sweden . total of 151 middle-aged men and women , with hypertension , dyslipidemia , type 2 diabetes , or obesity were enrolled . subjects were randomized to either the intervention ( n = 75 ) or the control group ( n = 76 ) . total of 123 subjects completed the one-year follow-up . : supervised endurance and circuit training in groups three times a week for three months . : five group sessions of diet counselling with a dietitian . - up meetings with a physiotherapist were conducted monthly thereafter . outcomes were changes in anthropometry , maximal oxygen uptake , health-related quality of life , and self-reported physical activity . secondary outcomes were changes in blood pressure and metabolic variables . one year the intervention group significantly increased maximal oxygen uptake , physical activity , and quality of life and significantly decreased body weight , waist and hip circumference , body mass index , waist-hip ratio , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , triglycerides , and glycosylated haemoglobin . were significant differences between groups , mean changes ( and their 95 % confidence intervals , CI ) in waist circumference -1.9 cm ( -2.80 to -0.90 ; p < 0.001 ) , in waist-hip ratio -0.01 ( -.02 to -0.004 ; p < 0.01 ) and in diastolic blood pressure -2.3 mmHg ( -4.04 to -0.51 ; p < 0.05 ) . prevention programme in primary healthcare with a focus on physical activity and diet counselling followed by structured follow-up meetings can favourably influence several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and quality of life in high-risk subjects for at least one year ."
117,Abstract #117,"assess the impact of two methods of brief nurse-delivered brief interventions in reducing drinking variables in hazardous drinkers with alcohol-related facial injuries . randomised controlled trial of two brief interventions involving hazardous drinkers with facial trauma in three Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery outpatient clinics in the West of Scotland ; 194 patients were recruited and randomised to have either a nurse-led brief motivational intervention ( intervention group ) or a leaflet about alcohol misuse ( control group ) . were followed up at 3 and 12 months after the intervention and drinking variables reassessed . brief motivational intervention for alcohol provided by a nurse was more effective than a leaflet in helping some patients with facial trauma to reduce their alcohol consumption 12 months after the intervention ( p < 0.05 ) . trauma in the West of Scotland is strongly associated with alcohol misuse and is a recurrent disease , particularly among those who drink heavily . nurse-delivered brief motivational intervention is effective in helping patients with high scores in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test to reduce their drinking , and this effect was apparent 12 months after the intervention ."
118,Abstract #118,"burn pain is the most intense acute pain and most likely type of burn injury pain to be undertreated due to the physician 's fear of the adverse effect of analgesia and lack of anesthetist present . our institution , in most of the cases , local burn detersion and debridement were performed at the ward level without any analgesics . article describes a study designed to test the analgesia effect of a fixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture on burn dressing pain . experiment was carried out in three centers . patients were given a number from 1 to 240 . randomization list was produced by a statistician according to our preliminary study . to the severity of the pain suffered , ethically it was decided to help as many as possible , so patients given the letters A , B or C were treated using a canister with the appropriate letter containing preprepared nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture ( NOOM ) . with D were given oxygen only , from an identical-looking canister labeled D. Neither patients , nor doctors , nor nurses , nor data collector knew what was in each canister , thus they were all blind . nursing officer who implemented the intervention handed the doctors envelopes containing the patients ' name and allocation of A , B , C or D. Thus , patients receiving NOOM or oxygen were in the ratio 3:1 . , including pain severity , blood pressure , heart rate , digital oxygen saturation and the Chinese version of the burn specific pain anxiety scale ( C-BSPAS ) , were taken before , during and after dressing for each group . video and audio record was taken individually for later communication coding and outcome analysis . analgesic was recorded . on the findings from our previous qualitative study that physician 's reluctance to order narcotic analgesia is due to its adverse effect and from our pilot experiment , this study aims to test the hypothesis that a fixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture will promote better burn dressing pain alleviation and outcomes . will focus on the effects of the experimental intervention on pain severity during dressing ( primary outcomes ) ; physiological parameters , C-BSPAS and acceptance of both health care professionals and patients ( secondary outcomes ) . this model of analgesia for burn pain management implemented by nurses proves successful , it could potentially be implemented widely in hospital and prehospital settings and improve patients ' satisfaction and quality of life . Clinical Trials Identifier : CHICTR-TRC11001690 ) ."
119,Abstract #119,"there is data to support the use of Melatonin in treating disorders of the sleep-wake cycle , so far there is little published evidence on the efficacy of Melatonin in treating the prevalent condition of post-TBI sleep disturbance . present work used a randomized double-blind controlled cross-over trial to compare Melatonin ( 5 mg ) and Amitriptyline ( 25 mg ) in a small sample of TBI patients presenting with chronic sleep disturbance . differences in sleep latency , duration , quality or daytime alertness were found for either drug compared to baseline using significance testing . , effect sizes revealed some encouraging changes . on Melatonin reported improved daytime alertness compared to baseline . Amitriptyline , patients reported increased sleep duration compared to baseline . study provides preliminary evidence for the value of Melatonin and Amitriptyline in treating sleep disorder post-TBI . were no adverse drug effects . are made for ongoing investigation for the treatment of this prevalent condition ."
120,Abstract #120,"evaluate the clinical value of two alimentary reconstruction methods after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer . - one patients undergoing total gastrectomy for gastric cancer were prospectively randomly divided into two groups : single-canal jejunum interposition ( n = 16 , group A ) and P pouch with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy ( n = 15 , group B ) . patients were followed up for one year . serum nutritional parameters , body weight change and clinical effects between the two groups were compared . of the reconstruction types had the replacement of gastric function . hemoglobin level was ( 102 + / - 11 ) g/L , the total protein level ( 6.8 + / - 3.9 ) g/L , and the body weight loss ( 1.0 + / - 1.7 ) kg in group A , while ( 98 + / - 12 ) g/L , ( 6.3 + / - 3.0 ) g/L and ( 4.0 + / - 2.3 ) kg in group B. were significant differences between the two groups ( all P < 0.05 ) . single-canal jejunum interposition reconstruction after total gastrectomy ( Henley ) is a better surgical method ."
121,Abstract #121,"assess the efficacy and safety of hemodilution combined with induced hypotension during surgery . , nonblinded , controlled study . room suite and intensive care unit ( ICU ) at a university hospital . ASA physical status I and II patients who underwent general or general plus epidural anesthesia for major orthopedic surgery . Group 1 ( n = 10 ) , mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) was decreased to 50 mmHg by increasing the inspired concentration of isoflurane and injecting 75 mg of 0.5 % bupivacaine into the epidural catheter . was decreased to 20 % by phlebotomy and simultaneous infusion of crystalloid and colloid . Group 2 ( n = 6 ) , isoflurane was adjusted to maintain MAP within 20 % of baseline values , and no phlebotomy or hemodilution was used . of hemodilution combined with induced hypotension ( Group 1 ) was compared to standard management of blood volume and pressure ( Group 2 ) by measuring transfusion volume and length of ICU stay . of hemodilution/hypotension was determined by measuring the electroencephalogram , internal jugular venous oxygen saturation , the electrocardiogram , and central venous oxygen saturation . Group 1 , both the volume of homologous blood ( 225 + / - 150 ml ) and total blood ( 1440 + / - 286 ml ) was significantly less than the volume of homologous blood transfused in Group 2 ( 2650 + / - 878 ml ) . patients in Group 1 , but all patients in Group 2 required ICU admission ( 3.5 + / - 1.6 days ) for treatment to prevent sequelae from , or progression of , moderate-severe tissue edema and metabolic acidosis . and myocardial measures were not significantly different between groups . combined with induced hypotension was safe and may reduce the need for transfusion and ICU admission ."
122,Abstract #122,"examine blood pressure circadian rhythm in subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) and appropriate normal and fatigued controls to correlate parameters of blood pressure regulation with perception of fatigue in an observational cohort study . cause of CFS remains unknown and there are no effective treatments . address whether inactivity was a confounder , we performed a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the following three subject groups : 1 ) CFS patients ( Fukuda Diagnostic criteria ) ( n = 38 ) ; 2 ) normal controls ( n = 120 ) ; and 3 ) a fatigue comparison group ( n = 47 ) with the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis ( PBC ) . patients completed a measure of fatigue severity ( Fatigue Impact Scale ) . view of the different demographics between the patient groups , patients were age - and sex-matched on a case-by-case basis to normal controls and blood pressure parameters were compared . with the control population , the CFS group had significantly lower systolic blood pressure ( p < .0001 ) and mean arterial blood pressure ( p = .0002 ) and exaggerated diurnal variation ( p = .009 ) . was a significant inverse relationship between increasing fatigue and diurnal variation of blood pressure in both the CFS and PBC groups ( p < .05 ) . blood pressure and abnormal diurnal blood pressure regulation occur in patients with CFS . would suggest the need for a randomized , placebo-controlled trial of agents to increase blood pressure such as midodrine in CFS patients with an autonomic phenotype ."
123,Abstract #123,"compare a single periovulatory intrauterine insemination ( IUI ) with a regimen employing two IUIs , one before ovulation and one after ovulation , in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with human menopausal gonadotropins ( hMG ) combined with human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) . randomized , prospective trial . consecutive patients undergoing 49 cycles of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation/IUI were studied in a tertiary care setting . was determined sonographically . establishment of a clinical pregnancy was defined by either ultrasonographic verification of cardiac activity within an intrauterine fetus , or histologic confirmation of trophoblast in a surgical specimen . pregnancies developed in 2 of 23 cycles in the single insemination group , compared with 12 of the 23 cycles in the double insemination group . fecundity was significantly higher for group II ( 0.522 ) than for group I ( 0.087 ) patients ( P = 0.003 ) . hMG/hCG cycles , two IUIs timed as described above are superior to one periovulatory insemination ."
124,Abstract #124,"investigate the safety , tolerability and efficacy of rivastigmine capsules ( 3-12 mg/day ) in a 26-week , multi-centre , open-label extension of a double-blind study . with traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) and persistent cognitive impairment who had received rivastigmine ( 3-6 mg/day ) or placebo for 12 weeks could enter the extension study and receive rivastigmine ( < or = 12 mg/day ) . were assessed using a range of cognitive tests including the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test ( HVLT ) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Rapid Visual Information Processing ( CANTAB RVIP ) A ' sub-test . measures included monitoring of adverse events . the extension study ( n = 127 ) , the mean duration of rivastigmine treatment was 23.8 weeks and the mean final dosage was 7.9 mg/day . 40 % of patients were responders ( > or = 1.0 SD improvement from baseline ) on CANTAB RVIP A ' or HVLT total score at week 38 or endpoint . significant changes from week 12 at week 38 were observed for CANTAB-RVIP A ' and HVLT-total word recall for the sub-group of ex-placebo patients with greater severity of initial impairment . safety profile of rivastigmine capsules was consistent with the label . with rivastigmine for up to 38 weeks was safe in patients with TBI and cognitive impairment ."
125,Abstract #125,"member of healthcare personnel should be able to perform basic life support including defibrillation ( CPR-D ) . biggest cost of implementation is training and these costs need to be reduced . purpose of this randomized study was to evaluate the applicability of distance learning as a method to teach CPR-D . ( n = 56 ) working in a geriatric hospital were randomized into three groups . first group was given the Internet-based CPR-D course and the second was given a traditional , small-group CPR-D course . third group without specific training in CPR-D served as a control group . objective structured clinical examination ( OSCE ) was performed 2 weeks after the courses with a manikin patient having a cardiac arrest . median score of all participants was 31/49 ( range 21-38 ) . reliability of the checklist was adequate ( Cronbach alpha 0.77 ) . receiving traditional CPR-D performed better than those receiving the Internet-based course ( median score 34 vs. 28 , P < 0.05 ) and the control group ( median score 34 vs. 26 , P < 0.0001 ) . receiving Internet-based course performed similarly as the control group ( median score 28 vs. 26 , ns ) . learning can not substitute for traditional small-group learning ."
126,Abstract #126,"determine if a new , single-sample device ( ESwab ; Copan Diagnostics , Inc ) can simplify the traditional multi-sample approach to specimen collection in infectious keratitis . , diagnostic test evaluation . this institutional study , patients with suspected infectious keratitis meeting traditional criteria for diagnostic corneal specimen collection and culture were randomized to the order of first specimen collection method : ESwab or a sample directly plated for growth on chocolate agar . was followed by standard samples for blood agar , Gram stain , Sabouraud agar , thioglycolate broth , and brain heart infusion broth in all cases . specimens collected using the 2 approaches were analyzed separately by the laboratory in a masked fashion . main outcome measure was positive growth on cultured media . eyes from 80 consecutive patients were sampled . positivity rate for the multi-sample method and ESwab was 70 % and 69 % , respectively , with a 75 % agreement rate . sensitivity was 84 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 72 % -93 % ) , with a specificity of 67 % ( 95 % CI : 45 % -84 % ) . and negative predictive values of the ESwab were 86 % ( 95 % CI : 74 % -94 % ) and 64 % ( 95 % CI : 43 % -82 % ) , respectively . was no difference in positive culture reports with respect to the order of specimen collection technique used . single-sample ESwab method is a more accessible and less cumbersome approach to corneal culturing for ophthalmologists , particularly those in the community setting who do not have access to the full set of traditional culture materials . results using this single-sample approach were comparable to the multi-sample method ."
127,Abstract #127,"levels of vitamin D are associated with asthma severity , airway remodeling , and exacerbation rate increase , especially in nonatopic asthma . steroid responsiveness or impaired antimicrobial defense might be underlying mechanisms . sought to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation in patients with nonatopic asthma . a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , we investigated the effect of long-acting vitamin D3 ( 400,000 IU ) on sputum neutrophils and eosinophils in 44 patients with nonatopic asthma with neutrophilic ( 53 % ) and/or eosinophilic ( 3 % ) airway inflammation . induction was performed at baseline and after 9 weeks . measurements included questionnaires , blood samples , and pulmonary function . with vitamin D did not significantly affect sputum neutrophils or eosinophils compared with treatment with placebo in the total group . sputum eosinophils , the effect of vitamin D appeared to be dependent on baseline sputum eosinophil levels ( interaction P = .015 ) . patients with eosinophil levels of 26.2 % or more ( median in patients with sputum eosinophilia , > 3 % ) , eosinophils decreased from a median of 41.0 % to 11.8 % after vitamin D treatment as compared with an increase from 51.8 % to 63.3 % in patients receiving placebo ( P = .034 ) . D treatment also resulted in slightly better Asthma Control Questionnaire scores ( P = .08 ) . D supplementation reduced eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with nonatopic asthma with severe eosinophilic airway inflammation , but did not affect sputum neutrophils . , a small effect on asthma control was observed . findings suggest that vitamin D might have potential as an add-on treatment option in eosinophilic asthma ."
128,Abstract #128,"compare the efficacy of two surgical techniques for controllong nasal width after Le Fort I osteotomy . patients who received the Le Fort I osteotomy have been included in this study . were randomly divided into 2 groups . experimental group received extraoral ABS , and the control group received traditional intraoral ABS . photos of the patient 's face were taken before operation and at postoperative 3 months . width was measured on the 3D photos . was reported as means and standard deviations , and statistic analysis was done by using student t test . with presurgical data , G. lat-G . increased by ( 2.66 + / - 1.47 ) mm , Al-Al increased by ( 2.20 + / - 1.22 ) mm and Sbal-Sbal increased by ( 1.30 + / - 1.33 ) mm in experimental group . lat-G . increased by ( 1.38 + / - 1.29 ) mm , Al-Al increased by ( 1.06 + / - 0.95 ) mm and Sbal-Sbal increased by ( 0.36 + / - 1.33 ) mm in the control group . was significant difference between two groups . surgical technique of ABS is the most important factor for determining the postoperative alar width . techniques have better effect on the Sbal-Sbal width control than the G. lat-G . and Al-Al width control . intraoral ABS can more effectively control the alar width . techniques can not completely control the alar base widening after Le Fort I osteotomy ."
129,Abstract #129,"involvement of the central cholinergic system in alcohol abuse behavior is well known . is possible that the reinforcing effects of ethanol are partially mediated by nicotinic receptors , which modulate neurotransmitter release . was demonstrated that the application of a cholinesterase inhibitor reduces alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring rats . suggests that galantamine ( GAL ) , a cholinesterase inhibitor , could be effective when seeking to prolong abstinence in recently detoxified alcoholics . study represents the first reported clinical trial of a cholinergic drug in alcohol-relapse prevention . investigated the efficacy and safety of GAL by conducting a 24-week randomized , placebo-controlled , multicentric clinical trial on 149 recently detoxified alcoholics . analyses ( Kaplan-Meier ) were performed to reveal evidence of prolonged abstinence periods in patients who received GAL . findings did not support our hypothesis . did not extend the time to first severe relapse . , additional post hoc analyses suggest that relapsed patients treated with GAL consume less ethanol per drinking day than patients treated with placebo . seems to be ineffective when used in relapse prevention of detoxified alcoholics . is possible that alcohol needs to be `` on board '' for GAL to be beneficial . could explain why our post hoc analysis showed that GAL possibly reduces the alcohol consumption of relapsers . confirmed , GAL could play a role in the reduction of harmful alcohol use and at-risk consumption ."
130,Abstract #130,"describe and to determine the robustness of our study evaluating the efficacy of OK-432 ( Picibanil ) as a therapeutic modality for lymphangiomas . , randomized trial and parallel-case series at 13 US tertiary care referral centers . patients diagnosed as having lymphangioma . in 25 ranged from 6 months to 18 years . had lesions located in the head-and-neck area . patient received a 4-dose injection series of OK-432 scheduled 6 to 8 weeks apart unless a contraindication existed or a complete response was observed before completion of all injections . control group was observed for 6 months . outcome of therapy was defined as a complete or a substantial ( > 60 % ) reduction in lymphangioma size as determined by calculated lesion volumes on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans . , 19 ( 86 % ) of the 22 patients with predominantly macrocystic lymphangiomas had a successful outcome . should be efficacious in the treatment of lymphangiomas . study design is well structured to clearly define the role of this treatment agent ."
131,Abstract #131,"objective of this study is to compare personalized antiplatelet therapy according to CYP2C19 phenotype with conventional antiplatelet therapy in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . total of 600 patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) undergoing PCI randomly received a personalized antiplatelet therapy ( group A ; n = 301 ) or conventional antiplatelet treatment ( group B ; n = 299 ) . group A , antiplatelet therapy was performed according to CYP2C19 phenotype . group B , the patients received conventional antiplatelet treatment without detected CYP2C19 genotype . primary end point was compared between these two groups . study is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ChiCTR-TRC-11001807 ) . primary end point occurred in 27 patients assigned to conventional treatment as compared with 8 patients assigned to personalized therapy ( cumulative event rate , 9.03 % vs. 2.66 % ; P < 0.01 ) . composite rate of death , myocardial infarction , or stroke at 180 days occurred in 3 and 18 patients in the two groups , respectively ( cumulative event rate , 1.0 % and 6.2 % , P < 0.01 ) . cumulative 180-day incidence of ST was significantly lower in group A than in group B ( 0.66 % vs. 3.01 % , P = 0.032 ) . 180-day incidence of MI ( 0.33 % vs. 3.01 % , P = 0.011 ) and death ( 0.33 % vs. 2.34 % , P = 0.011 ) was fewer than that in control , respectively . did not find the significant difference in bleeding events between the 2 groups . antiplatelet therapy according to CYP2C19 genotype after PCI can significantly decrease the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events and the risk of 180-day ST in Chinese population ."
132,Abstract #132,"rate of adherence to regular colonoscopy screening in individuals at increased familial risk of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) is suboptimal , especially among rural and other geographically underserved populations . interventions may overcome geographic and system-level barriers . compared the efficacy of a telehealth-based personalized risk assessment and communication intervention with a mailed educational brochure for improving colonoscopy screening among at-risk relatives of patients with CRC . individuals age 30 to 74 years who were not up-to-date with risk-appropriate screening and were not candidates for genetic testing were recruited after contacting patients with CRC or their next of kin in five states . were randomly assigned as family units to either an active , personalized intervention that incorporated evidence-based risk communication and behavior change techniques , or a mailed educational brochure . primary outcome was medically verified colonoscopy within 9 months of the intervention . the 481 eligible and randomly assigned at-risk relatives , 79.8 % completed the outcome assessments within 9 months ; 35.4 % of those in the personalized intervention group and 15.7 % of those in the comparison group obtained a colonoscopy . an intent-to-treat analysis , the telehealth group was almost three times as likely to get screened as the low-intensity comparison group ( odds ratio , 2.83 ; 95 % CI , 1.87 to 4.28 ; P < .001 ) . residing in rural areas and those with lower incomes benefitted at the same level as did urban residents . personalized interventions that consider family history and incorporate evidence-based risk communication and behavior change strategies may promote risk-appropriate screening in close relatives of patients with CRC ."
133,Abstract #133,"hepatitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by jaundice and liver impairment that occurs in patients with a history of heavy and prolonged alcohol use . short-term mortality among patients with severe disease exceeds 30 % . and pentoxifylline are both recommended for the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis , but uncertainty about their benefit persists . conducted a multicenter , double-blind , randomized trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design to evaluate the effect of treatment with prednisolone or pentoxifylline . primary end point was mortality at 28 days . end points included death or liver transplantation at 90 days and at 1 year . with a clinical diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis and severe disease were randomly assigned to one of four groups : a group that received a pentoxifylline-matched placebo and a prednisolone-matched placebo , a group that received prednisolone and a pentoxifylline-matched placebo , a group that received pentoxifylline and a prednisolone-matched placebo , or a group that received both prednisolone and pentoxifylline . total of 1103 patients underwent randomization , and data from 1053 were available for the primary end-point analysis . at 28 days was 17 % ( 45 of 269 patients ) in the placebo-placebo group , 14 % ( 38 of 266 patients ) in the prednisolone-placebo group , 19 % ( 50 of 258 patients ) in the pentoxifylline-placebo group , and 13 % ( 35 of 260 patients ) in the prednisolone-pentoxifylline group . odds ratio for 28-day mortality with pentoxifylline was 1.07 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.77 to 1.49 ; P = 0.69 ) , and that with prednisolone was 0.72 ( 95 % CI , 0.52 to 1.01 ; P = 0.06 ) . 90 days and at 1 year , there were no significant between-group differences . infections occurred in 13 % of the patients treated with prednisolone versus 7 % of those who did not receive prednisolone ( P = 0.002 ) . did not improve survival in patients with alcoholic hepatitis . was associated with a reduction in 28-day mortality that did not reach significance and with no improvement in outcomes at 90 days or 1 year . Funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment program ; STOPAH EudraCT number , 2009-013897-42 , and Current Controlled Trials number , ISRCTN88782125 ) ."
134,Abstract #134,"allograft nephropathy ( CAN ) represents the most common cause of late graft loss . from chronic use of calcineurin inhibitors ( CNI ) has the potential to contribute to CAN . present investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of early CNI withdrawal on kidney graft function and structure at 1 year in sirolimus ( SRL ) - treated patients . consecutive kidney transplant recipients were initially treated with corticosteroids , cyclosporine A ( CsA ) , and SRL ( 2 mg/day ) . 3 months , patients were randomly assigned to either continue the same treatment ( group I ) or to withdraw CsA and continue SRL ( group II ) . patients underwent kidney graft biopsy immediately after graft reperfusion ( 0-hr biopsy ) and 12 months after engraftment . graft biopsy showed a higher degree of renal damage in group II patients ( total score , 4 + / -1.6 vs. 2 + / -0.9 ; P < 0.05 ) . months after engraftment , CAN was diagnosed in 55 % of all patients , of whom 64 % were in group I and 36 % in group II . lesions were scored as moderate to severe in 90 % of group I patients but only 32 % of group II patients ( P < 0.05 ) . vascular score greater than or equal to 2 occurred in 90 % of group I patients and in 38 % of group II patients ( P < 0.05 ) . 1 year , group I patients showed a significantly worse kidney graft function ( serum creatinine , 2.0 + / -0.3 vs. 1.3 + / -0.3 mg/dL ; creatinine clearance , 54 + / -14 vs. 66 + / -17 mL/min ; both P < 0.002 ) . results suggest that early withdrawal of CsA is a safe option , which allows a significant reduction of chronic histologic damage , particularly vascular injury , of cadaveric kidney allografts ."
135,Abstract #135,"treatment of ulcerative colitis is imperfect . peptides are known to stimulate repair in many models of injury , including animal models of colitis . assess the efficacy of trefoil factor family-3 enema treatment in a clinical trial . total of 16 patients with mild-to-moderate left sided ulcerative colitis were recruited into a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study . taking steroids or with proctitis only were excluded . received 75 mL enemas containing either human recombinant trefoil factor family-3 ( 10 mg/mL ) or saline alone once a day for 14 days . patients also received an oral dose-increment of 1.2 g of mesalazine daily above their normal usage . were assessed at 0 , 2 , 4 and 12 weeks . was defined as Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index of 0 or 1 with no blood in stool . clinical improvement was defined as a Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index reduction of > 3 . was analysed using chi-square test and anova . Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index at entry were 8.5 ( trefoil factor family-3 group ) and 8 ( placebo group ) . on an intention-to-treat basis , only one patient went into remission ( in trefoil factor family-3 group at day 28 ) . improvement was seen in two trefoil factor family-3 and three placebo patients on day 14 and two patients in each group on day 28 . the dose of 5-aminosalicylic acid was moderately effective in reducing the Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index but was insufficient to induce remission . factor family-3 enemas were well-tolerated but did not provide additional benefit above that of adding additional 5-aminosalicylic acid alone ."
136,Abstract #136,"compare failure-free survival ( FFS ) and survival for patients with local or regional embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma treated on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study ( IRS ) - IV with that of comparable patients treated on IRS-III . were retrospectively classified as low - or intermediate-risk . patients were defined as those with primary tumors at favorable sites , completely resected or microscopic residual , or orbit/eyelid primaries with gross residual disease and tumors less than 5 cm at unfavorable sites but completely resected . patients were all other patients with local or regional tumors . FFS improved from 72 % on IRS-III to 78 % on IRS-IV for patients with intermediate-risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma ( P = .02 ) . analysis revealed two groups that benefited most from IRS-IV therapy . at 3 years for patients with resectable node-positive or unresectable ( group III ) embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising at certain favorable sites ( head and neck [ not orbit/eyelid or parameningeal ] and genitourinary [ not bladder or prostate ] ) improved from 72 % on IRS-III to 92 % on IRS-IV ( P = .01 ) . , 3-year FFS for patients with completely resected tumor or with only microscopic disease remaining ( group I or II ) at unfavorable sites improved from 71 % on IRS-III to 86 % on IRS-IV ( P = .04 ) . patients with unresectable embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma ( group III ) at unfavorable sites had no improvement in outcome on IRS-IV ( 3-year FFS for IRS-III and IRS-IV , 72 % and 75 % , respectively ; P = .31 ) . therapy benefited certain subgroups of patients with intermediate-risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma . doubling of the intensity of cyclophosphamide ( or ifosfamide equivalent ) dosing per cycle between IRS-III and IRS-IV is thought to be a key contributing factor for this improvement ."
137,Abstract #137,"evaluate the rotational stability of a new one-piece hydrophobic acrylic toric intraocular lens ( IOL ) using a custom-developed software for analysis of slit-lamp photographs . a prospective , multicenter study , 174 eyes were implanted with the TECNIS Toric IOL ( Abbott Medical Optics , Inc. , Santa Ana , CA ) . custom-developed software was used to analyze high-resolution slit-lamp photographs of 156 eyes taken at day 1 ( baseline ) and 1 , 3 , and 6 months postoperatively . software uses iris and sclera landmarks to align the baseline image and later images for comparison . of software was performed through repeated analyses of protractor images rotated from 0.1 to 10.0 and randomly selected photographs of 20 eyes . validation showed precision ( repeatability plus reproducibility variation ) of 0.02 using protractor images and 2.22 using slit-lamp photographs . quality slit-lamp images and clear landmarks were necessary for precise measurements . 6 months , 94.2 % of eyes had 5 or less change in IOL orientation versus baseline ; only 2 eyes ( 1.4 % ) had axis shift greater than 30 . eyes were within 5 or less of rotation between 1 and 3 months ( 92.9 % ) and 3 and 6 months ( 94.1 % ) . absolute axis change ( standard deviation ) from 1 day to 6 months was 2.70 5.51 . new custom software was precise and quick in analyzing slit-lamp photographs to determine postoperative toric IOL rotation ."
138,Abstract #138,"determine whether supplementation with vitamin D improves resilience to the adverse effects of earthquakes . addition to an established randomised double blind placebo controlled trial . , New Zealand , where a prolonged series of catastrophic earthquakes beginning on 4 September 2010 occurred , which caused widespread destruction , fatalities , and extensive psychological damage . healthy adults ( 241 women ; 81 men ) aged 18-67 who were already participating in the vitamin D and acute respiratory infections study ( VIDARIS ) between February 2010 and November 2011 . were randomised to receive an oral dose of either 200,000 IU vitamin D3 monthly for two months then 100,000 IU monthly ( n = 161 ) or placebo ( n = 161 ) for a total of 18 months . is a post hoc analysis from the previously published VIDARIS trial . primary endpoint in the current analysis was the self reported effects and overall adverse impact of the Christchurch earthquakes as assessed by questionnaire four months after the most destructive earthquake on 22 February 2011 , which was used as the index event . secondary end point was the number of `` psychological '' adverse events that participants reported at their usual monthly appointments as part of the original VIDARIS trial . participants completed the earthquake impact questionnaire ( n = 152 in the vitamin D group and 156 in the placebo group ) . was no significant difference in the number of self reported adverse effects between those receiving vitamin D supplementation and those receiving placebo . was also no difference in the overall adverse impact score between treatment groups ( ( 2 ) P = 0.44 ) . exception was that those in the vitamin D group experienced more adverse effects on family relationships ( 22 % v 13 % ; ( 2 ) P = 0.03 ) . number of psychological adverse events-such as fatigue , stress , anxiety , and insomnia-that participants reported at their usual monthly appointments was significantly higher after the earthquake ( ( 2 ) P = 0.007 ) but did not differ between treatment groups . this trial , vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the adverse impact of earthquakes in healthy adults . registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( anzctr.org.au ) ACTRN12609000486224 ."
139,Abstract #139,"determine the effectiveness of treatment of lactating cows with high somatic cell counts in milk . clinical trial . pooled quarter samples of milk were obtained from cows with somatic cell counts above 500,000 cells/mL on fifty farms . samples were cultured for known mastitis bacterial pathogens . were randomly allocated to treated and untreated groups . cows received both intramammary cloxacillin and parenteral erythromycin . pooled quarter milk samples were obtained at 6 weeks after treatment and were cultured for the presence of pathogenic bacteria . percentage of samples with no growth at the post-treatment culture was used as an estimate of the bacteriological cures for each pathogen type and for each treatment group . cell counts of cows were compared between treatment groups and within pathogen group . number of cows that completed a full lactation were compared between each treatment group and within each pathogen group . had no effect upon bacteriological cures , irrespective of pathogen present or the presence of bacteria during the previous lactation . was no effect of treatment upon somatic cell count except for cows infected with Streptococcus dysgalactiae in which treatment caused a significant lowering of cell counts . effect was not present in the subsequent lactation . of chronically infected cows did not alter the probability of a cow completing a full lactation but did improve the probability of newly infected cows being retained for the next lactation . of 214 treated cows developed clinical mastitis in more than one quarter after treatment , thus indicating a poor technique by farmers for the insertion of intramammary antibiotics . during lactation of cows with high somatic cell counts in milk is ineffective in reducing bacterial infections and in reducing somatic cell counts to acceptable numbers ."
140,Abstract #140,"develop responder definitions for fibromyalgia ( FM ) clinical trials using key symptom and function domains . candidate responder definitions were developed by expert consensus and were evaluated in 12 randomized , placebo-controlled trials of 4 medications for the treatment of FM . each definition , the treatment effects of the medication compared with placebo were analyzed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests or chi-square tests . meta-analysis of the pooled results for the 4 medications established risk ratios to determine the definitions that best favored medication over placebo . definitions performed best in the analyses . definitions included 30 % reduction in pain and 10 % improvement in physical function . definitions differed in that one ( 30 % improvement in FM [ FM30 ] short version ) included 30 % improvement in sleep or fatigue , and the other ( FM30 long version ) required 30 % improvement in 2 of the following symptoms : sleep , fatigue , depression , anxiety , or cognition . the analysis of both versions , the response rate was 15 % for each medication and was significantly greater compared with placebo . risk ratio favoring drug over placebo in the pooled analysis for FM30 version 3 ( short version ) was 1.50 ( 95 % confidence interval [ 95 % CI ] 1.24-1 .82 ; P 0.0001 ) ; the risk ratio for FM30 version 6 ( long version ) was 1.60 ( 95 % CI 1.31-1 .96 ; P 0.00001 ) . the 24 responder definitions tested , 2 were identified as most sensitive in identifying response to treatment . identification of responder definitions for FM clinical trials that include assessments of key symptom and function domains may improve the sensitivity of clinical trials to identify meaningful improvements , leading to improved management of FM ."
141,Abstract #141,"determine the effectiveness of a counseling and support intervention for spouse caregivers in delaying time to nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer disease ( AD ) , and identify the mechanisms through which the intervention accomplished this goal . conducted a randomized controlled trial of an enhanced counseling and support intervention compared to usual care . were a referred volunteer sample of 406 spouse caregivers of community-dwelling patients who had enrolled in the study over a 9.5-year period . intervention consisted of six sessions of individual and family counseling , support group participation , and continuous availability of ad hoc telephone counseling . questionnaires were administered at baseline and at regular follow-up intervals , every 4 months for the first year and every 6 months thereafter . proportional hazard models were used to test the effects of the intervention on the time to nursing home placement for the patients after controlling for multiple time-invariant and time-dependent predictors of placement . whose spouses received the intervention experienced a 28.3 % reduction in the rate of nursing home placement compared with usual care controls ( hazard ratio = 0.717 after covariate adjustment , p = 0.025 ) . difference in model-predicted median time to placement was 557 days . in caregivers ' satisfaction with social support , response to patient behavior problems , and symptoms of depression collectively accounted for 61.2 % of the intervention 's beneficial impact on placement . access to effective programs of counseling and support could yield considerable benefits for caregivers , patients with Alzheimer disease , and society ."
142,Abstract #142,"evaluate the effect of periprostatic infiltration with local anesthesia on the level of discomfort associated with transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate . ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate is the standard procedure to diagnose prostate cancer . prospective , randomized , double-blind study was performed on 100 men referred for biopsy of the prostate . subjects were randomized to periprostatic injection of 10 mL of 2 % lidocaine solution without epinephrine , and 50 were randomized to injection of placebo ( 10 mL of 0.9 % NaCl ) . subject completed three 10-point visual analog scales for pain after a series of 15 needle biopsies . was rated during the biopsy , diagnostic investigation , and injection of lidocaine . who received local anesthesia had significantly lower visual analog scale scores compared with the group without lidocaine during the biopsy ( mean score 0.76 versus 3.62 , P < 0.001 ) and diagnostic examination ( mean score 1.08 versus 1.86 , P = 0.025 ) . injection caused no adverse effects . injection of lidocaine represents a simple and safe procedure that significantly reduces discomfort during probe manipulation and biopsy . recommend this procedure in men undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy ."
143,Abstract #143,"determine which diary card variables are the most predictive for administration of additional courses of corticosteroids using the TRUST ( The Regular Use of Salbutamol Trial ) data set . regression models were used to identify the extent to which a change in diary card variable affected the odds ratio ( OR ) for administering a course of oral or increased inhaled corticosteroids . complete TRUST diary card data were used with over 200,000 days of diary card observations from 983 mild to moderate asthmatic subjects . increase in daytime symptoms of 1-5 U over baseline was associated with an increase in the OR for starting all types of corticosteroids from two - to 60-fold . results indicate that an increase in daytime symptoms of two or more over baseline strongly predicts the administration of additional corticosteroids . results have significant implications for both clinical practice and design of clinical trials in asthma ."
144,Abstract #144,"determine whether cisapride is effective in the treatment of children with constipation . , placebo-controlled study in which children with chronic constipation were randomly assigned to treatment with cisapride or placebo for 12 weeks . children were enrolled , and 36 completed the therapy . successes occurred in 13 of 17 ( 76 % ) subjects in the cisapride group and 8 of 19 ( 37 % ) subjects in the placebo group ( P < .03 ) . odds ratio for response after cisapride administration was 8.2 times higher ( 95 % CI 1.3 to 49.4 ) . cisapride therapy , there was a significant improvement in number of spontaneous bowel movements per week ( from 0.9 + / - 0.1 to 4.1 + / - 1.1 ) , and there was a significant decrease in number of fecal soiling episodes per day ( 1.8 + / - 0.5 to 0.08 + / - 0.4 ) , percent with encopresis ( 82 % vs 23 % ) , number of laxative doses per week ( from 10.3 + / - 2.6 to 0.8 + / - 0.6 ) , percent using laxatives ( 77 % to 24 % ) , and total gastrointestinal transit time ( from 115.0 + / - 3.7 hours to 77.0 + / - 11.1 hours ) . placebo , there were no significant changes in the number of spontaneous bowel movements ( from 1.0 + / - 0.8 to 2.2 + / - 0.6 ) , percent with encopresis ( 74 % vs 47 % ) , or total gastrointestinal transit time ( from 112.5 + / - 4.9 hours to 95.4 + / - 9.8 hours ) ; but there was a significant decrease in number of fecal soiling episodes per day ( from 1.3 + / - 0.4 to 0.4 + / - 0.2 ) and number of laxative doses used per week ( from 11.5 + / - 2.9 to 2.05 + / - 0.7 ) . final number of spontaneous bowel movements , fecal soiling episodes , laxatives used , or percent patients with encopresis was not different when patients receiving cisapride were compared with those receiving placebo . was effective in the treatment of children with constipation ."
145,Abstract #145,"between HLA-DR genotypes and susceptibility to Crohn 's disease ( CD ) have been reported . , it is not known whether certain HLA-DR genotypes or IL-1ra gene polymorphism are associated with responsiveness to treatment or different clinical patterns of disease . a large , randomized , controlled multicentre trial , 318 patients with CD were treated with daily doses of 6 , 9 or 18 mg budesonide . were stratified into two groups : patients without steroid pretreatment and with active CD ( CDAI > 150 ) and patients with conventional steroid pretreatment of < or = 30 mg prednisolone per day , which was replaced by oral budesonide within 3 weeks . HLA-DRB1 genotypes 1-16 and the IL-1ra gene polymorphism were examined for an association with budesonide treatment failure . HLA-DR 8 was associated with treatment failure of budesonide . 8 is not very common . 17/243 patients who could be evaluated expressed this genotype , and 13 of these 17 patients did not respond to budesonide ( P < 0.00067 ) . the other HLA-DR genotypes nor the IL-1ra gene polymorphism had an influence on treatment outcome of budesonide therapy . significant association of fistulas , perianal disease , need for bowel resections , and disease localization with certain HLA-DRB1 genotypes or the IL-1ra gene polymorphism were found . is the first description of an association of a certain HLA-DR genotype ( HLA-DR 8 ) with treatment failure in inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) ."
146,Abstract #146,"role of endothelial injury and circulating adhesion molecule in the development and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the long-term has been established previously . study the effects of short-term glycemic control using insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent therapy ( OHA ) on the peroneal nerve function and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ) and advanced glycation endproducts ( AGE ) levels in type 2 diabetic patients . randomized controlled study involving poorly controlled ( HbA1c , 7.5 % -11 % ) type 2 diabetic patients attending the endocrinology outpatient center in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur . patients were randomized to receive insulin ( n = 15 ) or OHA ( n = 14 ) for 8 weeks . glycemic variables ( HbA1c , fasting plasma glucose [ FPG ] , fructosamine ) , VCAM-1 , serum AGE and the peroneal motor conduction velocity ( PMCV ) were measured at baseline and at 4-week intervals . ` t ' test or Kruskal Wallis test ; and the unpaired ` t ' test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for within-group and between-group analyses , respectively . was analyzed using Spearman 's correlation coefficient . analysis showed significant progressive improvement in HbA1c at weeks 4 and 8 in the insulin group . PMCV improved significantly in both groups by week 8 , and by week 4 ( P = 0.01 ) in the insulin group . correlated negatively with VCAM-1 ( P = 0.031 ) and AGE ( P = 0.009 ) at week 8 . glycemic control with insulin improves the peroneal nerve function within 4 weeks . in the serum VCAM-1 and AGE levels correlated significantly with improvement in peroneal nerve conduction velocity only in the insulin group ."
147,Abstract #147,"growing evidence that the marital problems typically attributed to heavy drinking are stronger for couples in which only one partner is a heavy drinker than in couples in which both partners are heavy drinkers , relatively little research has examined factors that may serve to maintain particular drinking configurations . current research examines the association between the configuration of partners ' drinking and relationship-specific alcohol expectancies . are from an ongoing prospective study examining the effect of alcohol on executive cognitive functioning . couples ( n = 251 ) represented one of four drinking groups : concordant heavy drinkers ( n = 68 ) , heavy drinking husband ( n = 79 ) , heavy drinking wife ( n = 35 ) , and concordant abstainers/light drinkers ( n = 69 ) . part of the study , participant couples completed a measure of relationship-specific alcohol expectancies through the mail . reveal that wives demonstrate greater intimacy/openness expectancies in the concordant heavy drinking group than in the other three groups , as predicted . , husbands demonstrate greater intimacy/openness expectancies if either member of the couple is a heavy drinker . , couples reported stronger sexual enhancement , power/assertion , and social pleasure/fun expectancies when the wife was a heavy drinker and stronger power/assertion expectancies when the husband was a heavy drinker . alcohol expectancies are differentially associated with the configuration of partners ' drinking patterns . ' drinking status appears to influence relationship-specific alcohol expectancies to a greater extent than husbands ' drinking status . research is needed to determine the long-term effect of these associations ."
148,Abstract #148,"purpose of this study was to compare defect extent and severity and myocardial uptake with exercise and pharmacologic stress with technetium-99m ( Tc-99m ) tetrofosmin tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging . of stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects depends on both a disparity in blood flow between normal and stenotic vessels and the extraction fraction and linearity of myocardial uptake of the tracer . are limited clinical data for exercise or pharmacologic stress with Tc-99m tetrofosmin tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging . patients with coronary artery disease and 7 with a < 5 % likelihood of coronary artery disease underwent on separate days Tc-99m tetrofosmin single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging at rest and after exercise , dipyridamole , adenosine , and dobutamine stress . were interpreted by a blinded consensus of 3 experienced readers with a 17-segment model and 5-point scoring system . with exercise , the summed stress score was smaller with dipyridamole ( P < .01 ) , and the reversibility score was smaller with both dipyridamole ( P < .01 ) and dobutamine ( P < .05 ) , whereas the number of abnormal and reversible segments was less with both dipyridamole ( P < .01 and P < .001 , respectively ) and dobutamine ( both P < .05 ) . significant differences were found in the summed stress or reversibility scores and the number of abnormal or reversible segments between exercise and adenosine . with exercise , defect extent , severity , and reversibility are less with dipyridamole and dobutamine with Tc-99m tetrofosmin single photon emission computed tomographic imaging ."
149,Abstract #149,"evaluate the validity of parents ' self reported home safety practices concerning smoke detectors , bike helmets , car seats , and water heater temperature . of children 12 years old and under whose child had made at least one visit to a study clinic in the years 2000-2003 . part of a randomized controlled trial to improve patient provider communication and preventive practices , parents ' responses to telephone interview were compared with observations of safety practices during a home visit . visits were completed within nine weeks of the telephone interview . were not told that the visit was part of a validation study and home visit observers were unaware of the interview responses . authors calculated sensitivities , specificities , positive and negative predictive values , and their corresponding confidence intervals . ( 0.78 to 0.98 ) and positive predictive values ( 0.75 to 1.00 ) were high for all items . and negative predictive values were more variable and the highest estimates ( specificity 0.95 to 1.00 , negative predictive value 0.95 to 0.97 ) were for car seat types . results suggest that parent self report practice of certain injury prevention behaviors ( owning a car seat , hot water temperatures ) is reliable , whereas self reports on other practices ( working smoke detectors , properly fitting bike helmets ) may be overstated ."
150,Abstract #150,"examine the long-term safety and efficacy of three antipsychotics in early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders . ( 8 to 19 years old ) who had improved during an 8-week , randomized , double-blind acute trial of olanzapine , risperidone , or molindone ( plus benztropine ) were eligible to continue on the same medication for up to 44 additional weeks under double-blind conditions . medications were allowed according to defined algorithms . symptom , safety , and functional assessments were conducted every 4 weeks . the 116 youths randomized in the acute trial , 54 entered maintenance treatment ( molindone , n = 20 ; olanzapine , n = 13 ; risperidone , n = 21 ) . ( 26 % ) completed 44 weeks of treatment . effects ( n = 15 ) , inadequate efficacy ( n = 14 ) , or study nonadherence ( n = 8 ) were the most common reasons for discontinuation . three treatment arms did not significantly differ in symptom decrease or time to discontinuation . was more common with molindone and elevated prolactin concentrations more common with risperidone . weight gain and metabolic adverse events had occurred more often with olanzapine and risperidone during the acute trial , no significant between-drug differences emerged in most of these parameters during maintenance treatment . 12 % of youths with early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders continued on their originally randomized treatment at 52 weeks . agent demonstrated superior efficacy , and all were associated with side effects , including weight gain . treatments are needed for early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders . trial registry information-Treatment of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents ; URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov , unique identifier : NCT00053703 ."
151,Abstract #151,"confirm the recurrence-preventing efficacy and safety of 18-month bacillus Calmette-Gurin ( BCG ) maintenance therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer . enrolled patients had been diagnosed with recurrent or multiple non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer ( stage Ta or T1 ) after complete transurethral resection of bladder tumours ( TURBT ) . patients were randomized into three treatment groups : a maintenance group ( BCG , 81 mg , intravesically instilled once weekly for 6 weeks as induction therapy , followed by three once-weekly instillations at 3 , 6 , 12 and 18 months after initiation of the induction therapy ) , a non-maintenance group ( BCG , 81 mg , intravesically instilled once weekly for 6 weeks ) and an epirubicin group ( epirubicin , 40 mg , intravesically instilled nine times ) . primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival ( RFS ) . analysis was performed for 115 of the full-analysis-set population of 116 eligible patients , including 41 maintenance group patients , 42 non-maintenance group patients and 32 epirubicin group patients . the 2-year median point of the overall actual follow-up period , the final cumulative RFS rates in the maintenance , non-maintenance and epirubicin groups were 84.6 % , 65.4 % and 27.7 % , respectively . RFS following TURBT was significantly prolonged in the maintenance group compared with the non-maintenance group ( generalized Wilcoxon test , P = 0.0190 ) . maintenance therapy significantly prolonged the post-TURBT RFS compared with BCG induction therapy alone or epirubicin intravesical therapy ."
152,Abstract #152,"is a newly synthesized antiarrhythmic agent with class Ic properties . antiarrhythmic agents have been used to convert atrial fibrillation ( AF ) to sinus rhythm or decrease the rate of relapse of AF . randomly assigned 62 patients with chronic AF to oral treatment of either a placebo ( 10 patients ) or 150 mg/day of pilsicainide ( 52 patients ) for 4 weeks before electrical cardioversion . oral administration of pilsicainide , 41 patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography to investigate whether there was thrombus formation in the heart chambers . without pharmacologic defibrillation underwent direct current cardioversion to restore sinus rhythm . successful cardioversion , all patients continued to receive pilsicainide and were monitored for up to 2 years . cardioversion , 11 patients in the pilsicainide group ( 21 % ) reverted to sinus rhythm . patients in the placebo group reverted to sinus rhythm . current cardioversion was performed in 51 patients ; however , 8 patients were not converted to sinus rhythm ( 5 patients receiving pilsicainide , 3 patients receiving placebo ) , and 3 patients needed intracardiac cardioversion to convert to sinus rhythm . bradyarrhythmias were observed in 5 patients in the pilsicainide group . the follow-up period , 33 patients ( 71 % ) in the pilsicainide group remained in sinus rhythm at 1 month ; this number decreased to 23 patients ( 49 % ) at 3 months , 20 ( 43 % ) at 6 months , 16 ( 34 % ) at 12 months , 16 ( 34 % ) at 18 months , and 16 ( 34 % ) at 24 months . patients receiving placebo continued to receive placebo after the cardioversion , and AF recurred a few days after cardioversion in all cases . independent discriminant variables were identified in the groups between maintenance and nonmaintenance of sinus rhythm . no serious side effects regarding pilsicainide have been documented , one patient died of acute myocardial infarction , most likely not related to pilsicainide administration . is effective in restoring or maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with chronic AF lasting longer than an average duration of 22 months . major adverse effects were observed ."
153,Abstract #153,"determine the effect of high dose ipratropium bromide , both alone or in combination with standard dose salbutamol , on pulmonary function in patients presenting to the Emergency Department ( ED ) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease ( COAD ) . trial was a prospective , randomised , double blind trial of adult patients with COAD . patients received nebulised salbutamol 5 mg and 500 microg ipratropium and hydrocortisone 250 mg i.v. at time = 0 , then were randomised to receive further nebulisers at time = 15 minutes and time = 30 minutes of salbutamol 5 mg combined with ipratropium 500 microg or salbutamol 5 mg alone or ipratropium 500 microg alone . function tests were conducted at time = 0 and time = 90 minutes . primary endpoints were absolute and percent change in FEV1 . group randomised to receive 5 mg salbutamol and 500 microg ipratropium ( n = 18 ) showed a mean percentage change of FEV1 of 6.4 % with a mean absolute change of 0.06 L ( SD 0.18 L ) . who received 5 mg salbutamol ( n = 16 ) had a mean percentage change of 18.6 % with a mean absolute change of 0.13 L ( SD of 0.21 L ) . who received 500 microg ipratropium ( n = 16 ) had a mean percentage change of 4.8 % with a mean absolute change of 0.023 L ( SD of 0.07 L ) . was no significant difference between the groups in FEV1 ( p = 0.56 for percentage change ; p = 0.36 for absolute change ) . addition of 500 microg ipratropium to 5 mg salbutamol in subsequent nebulisers adds no benefit to pulmonary function after the initial nebuliser of both bronchodilators in the treatment of COAD in the ED ."
154,Abstract #154,"spinal-epidural anesthesia ( CSE ) may offer theoretic advantages for outpatient surgery , because it produces the rapid onset of spinal anesthesia , with the option to extend the blockade with an epidural catheter . this study , the authors attempted to determine an appropriate initial dose of a short-acting local anesthetic , 2 % lidocaine , to administer for outpatient knee arthroscopy using CSE . were collected from 90 patients undergoing outpatient knee arthroscopy . a double-blinded , prospective study design , patients were randomly assigned to receive CSE with an initial dose of intrathecal 2 % lidocaine of 40 , 60 , or 80 mg . 27-G 4 11/16 - inch Whitacre needle was placed through a 17-G Weiss needle . and regression of sensory anesthesia and motor blockade were measured by a blinded observer at frequent intervals . 90 patients had adequate anesthesia . of thoracic and lumbar sensory and lower limb motor blockade were significantly shorter in the 40-mg group compared with the 60 - or 80-mg groups ( P < 0.0002 Mantel-Cox , Survivorship Analysis ) . of neural blockade resolved 30-40 min more rapidly in the 40-mg group than in either the 60 - or 80-mg group . to urinate , site upright in a chair , take oral fluids , and be discharged were all significantly shorter ( between 30 and 60 min ) in the 40-mg group compared with the 60 - and 80-mg groups ( P < 0.01 ) . patients required intraoperative epidural supplementation : three in the 40-mg group , three in the 60-mg group , and one in the 80-mg group . spinal-epidural anesthesia with a 40-mg initial intrathecal dose of lidocaine provided reliable anesthesia for knee arthroscopy . of spinal anesthesia with lidocaine was dose related ."
155,Abstract #155,"assess the impact of instructional guidance in the regular use of use nicotine nasal spray ( NNS ) on the true use of NNS during the first three weeks of smoking cessation for heavy smokers who are willing to quit . randomized , open , controlled trial included 50 patients who were heavy smokers , were willing to quit , and attending an academic outpatient clinic in Western Switzerland . were randomised to instruction on NNS use as `` ad libitum '' ( administration whenever cravings appear ; control group ) or to use NNS when craving appears and at least every hour when awake ( intervention group ) . were monitored using an electronic device fixed in the spray unit ( MDILog ) during the first three weeks of use . reported abstinence from smoking at six months was confirmed by expired-air carbon monoxide . intention-to-treat analysis , random-effect GLS regression was used to calculate the mean difference of daily doses between groups controlling for lack of independence between measures from the same individual . patient was lost to follow-up . baseline randomization , the group receiving instruction to use NNS hourly included more women , patients with previous desires to quit , and patients with more psychiatric comorbidities and less somatic complaints compared to the group instructed to use NNS with cravings ( group imbalance ) . groups self-administered more than the daily recommended dosage of 8 uses . daily usage was 13.6 dose/day and 11.1 dose/day for the group instructed to use NNS hourly and with cravings , respectively . for baseline imbalance , the increased daily doses in the intervention group ( hourly use ) remained nonsignificant compared to ad libitum use ( -0.5 dose/day ; CI 95 % -6.2 ; 5.3 , from day 1 to day 7 ; and 2.3 dose/day ; CI 95 % -5.4 ; 10.0 , from day 8 to day 21 ) . patients to use the NNS daily had no effect on smoking cessation at six months ( RR = 0.69 ; CI 95 % 0.34 ; 1.39 ) . smokers willing to quit use NNS frequently , regardless of the instructions given . the use of NNS only when craving appears for heavy smokers willing to quit seems acceptable compared to prescribing hourly administration . : NCT00861276 ."
156,Abstract #156,"analysis in the Open vs Endovascular Repair Veterans Affairs ( VA ) Cooperative Study ( CSP # 498 ) demonstrated that survival , quality of life , and total health care costs are not significantly different between the open and endovascular methods of repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm . device is a major cost of this method of repair , and the objective of this study was to evaluate the costs of the device , abdominal aortic aneurysm repair , and total health care costs when different endograft systems are selected for the endovascular repair ( EVR ) . each selected system , EVR costs are compared with open repair costs . study randomized 881 patients to open ( n = 437 ) or EVR ( n = 444 ) . selection was recorded before randomization ; therefore , open repair controls were matched to each device cohort . were excluded for two low-volume devices , implanted in only 13 individuals , leaving 423 control and 431 endovascular patients : 166 Zenith ( Cook Medical , Bloomington , Ind ) , 177 Excluder ( W. L. Gore & Associates , Flagstaff , Ariz ) , and 88 AneuRx ( Medtronic , Minneapolis , Minn ) . device , hospitalization , and total health care costs from randomization to 2 years were compared . care utilization data were obtained from patients and national VA and Medicare data sources . costs were determined using methods previously developed by the VA Health Economics Resource Center . costs were obtained from Medicare claims data and billing data from the patient 's health care providers . costs were 38 % of initial hospitalization costs . device ( range , $ 13,600 - $ 14,400 ) , initial hospitalization ( range , $ 34,800 - $ 38,900 ) , and total health care costs at 2 years in the endovascular ( range , $ 72,400 - $ 78,200 ) and open repair groups ( range , $ 75,600 - $ 82,100 ) were not significantly different among device systems . between endovascular and corresponding open repair cohorts showed lower mean costs for EVR ( range , $ 3200 - $ 8300 ) , but these were not statistically different . implant costs of endovascular aneurysm repair are substantial . evaluating total health care system expenditures , there is large individual variability in costs , and there is no significant difference at 2 years among systems or when an individual system is compared with open repair ."
157,Abstract #157,"investigate the effect of medially linking knee-ankle-foot orthoses ( KAFOs ) on postural stability and sway during ( 1 ) quiet standing and ( 2 ) functional activities for persons with spinal cord injury ( SCI ) . randomized , mixed design , with the factors being activity ( quiet standing and two function-mimicking tasks ) , SCI ( present or not ) , and type of orthosis used in SCI group ( linked or unlinked KAFO ) . men with T5 to T12 paraplegia , 8 of whom had complete lesions and 1 with some sacral sparing ( American Spinal Injury Association grade B ) without proprioception , matched to 9 able-bodied men . amplitude of sway and sway path in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions , derived from center of pressure measurements on a force platform . men with SCI were able to stand unsupported and perform function-mimicking activities in medially linked KAFOs ; however , when wearing unlinked KAFOs only 5 could maintain balance during quiet stance and 3 could maintain balance during activity . differences were found between linked and unlinked KAFOs ; side-to-side mean amplitude of sway was less and sway path was greater for SCI subjects when they wore the linked KAFOs . linkage of bilateral KAFOs provides an effective strategy to improve stability and increase postural control for persons with SCI , facilitating performance of functional activities during standing without upper limb support ."
158,Abstract #158,"reverses cerebral vasospasm and reduces infarct volume after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) in rats . aimed to assess whether magnesium reduces the frequency of delayed cerebral ischemia ( DCI ) in patients with aneurysmal SAH . were randomized within 4 days after SAH . sulfate therapy consisted of a continuous intravenous dose of 64 mmol/L per day , to be started within 4 days after SAH and continued until 14 days after occlusion of the aneurysm . primary outcome DCI ( defined as the occurrence of a new hypodense lesion on computed tomography compatible with clinical features of DCI ) was analyzed according to the `` on-treatment '' principle . the secondary outcome measures `` poor outcome '' ( Rankin > 3 ) and `` excellent outcome '' ( Rankin 0 ) , we used the `` intention-to-treat '' principle . total of 283 patients were randomized . treatment reduced the risk of DCI by 34 % ( hazard ratio , 0.66 ; 95 % CI , 0.38 to 1.14 ) . 3 months , the risk reduction for poor outcome was 23 % ( risk ratio , 0.77 ; 95 % CI , 0.54 to 1.09 ) . that time , 18 patients in the treatment group and 6 in the placebo group had an excellent outcome ( risk ratio , 3.4 ; 95 % CI , 1.3 to 8.9 ) . study suggests that magnesium reduces DCI and subsequent poor outcome , but the results are not yet definitive . next step should be a phase III trial to confirm the beneficial effect of magnesium therapy , with poor outcome as primary outcome ."
159,Abstract #159,"compare clomiphene citrate ( CC ) and letrozole used for superovulation before intrauterine insemination ( IUI ) in unexplained infertility . randomized trial . university teaching hospital and a private practice setting . hundred and twelve infertile women with unexplained infertility . were randomized to treatment with 100 mg of CC daily ( 207 patients , 404 cycles ) or 5 mg of letrozole daily ( 205 patients , 400 cycles ) for 5 days starting on day 3 of menses . IUI was done 36 + / - 4 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) injection . of follicles , serum estradiol level , serum progesterone level , endometrial thickness , and pregnancy and miscarriage rates . total number of follicles during stimulation was statistically significantly greater in the CC group ( 3.1 + / - 0.36 vs. 1.6 + / - 0.41 ) . was no statistically significant difference in pretreatment endometrial thickness between the two groups or endometrial thickness at the time of hCG administration . E ( 2 ) and progesterone concentrations were statistically significantly higher in the CC group . days to hCG injection were similar in both groups . occurred in 73 out of 205 patients ( 400 cycles ) in the letrozole group ( 35.6 % and 18.2 % , respectively ) and 78 out of 207 patients ( 404 cycles ) ( 37.6 % and 19.3 % , respectively ) in the CC group ; the differences were not statistically significant . twin pregnancies occurred in the CC group . study found no superiority between letrozole and CC for inducing ovulation in women with unexplained infertility before IUI ."
160,Abstract #160,"great reduction of in-stent restenosis , first-generation drug-eluting stents ( DESs ) have increased the risk of late stent thrombosis due to delayed endothelialization . trioxide , a natural substance that could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis , seems to be a promising surrogate of sirolimus to improve DES performance . randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel arsenic trioxide-eluting stent ( AES ) , compared with traditional sirolimus-eluting stent ( SES ) . with symptoms of angina pectoris were enrolled and randomized to AES or SES group . primary endpoint was target vessel failure ( TVF ) , and the second endpoint includes rates of all-cause death , cardiac death or myocardial infarction , target lesion revascularization ( TLR ) by telephone visit and late luminal loss ( LLL ) at 9-month by angiographic follow-up . July 2007 to 2009 , 212 patients were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive either AES or SES . 2 years of follow-up , TVF rate was similar between AES and SES group ( 6.67 % vs. 5.83 % , P = 0.980 ) . of all-cause death was significantly lower in AES group ( 0 vs. 4.85 % , P = 0.028 ) . was no significant difference between AES and SES in frequency of TLR and in-stent restenosis , but greater in-stent LLL was observed for AES group ( 0.29 0.52 mm vs. 0.10 0.25 mm , P = 0.008 ) . 2 years of follow-up , AES demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to SES for the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions ."
161,Abstract #161,"research has shown that whether people talk about health issues influences health campaign effects , no evidence exists on whether conversational valence fulfils a mediating role within health campaign effects . the context of alcohol consumption , this two-wave experimental research studies the effects of exposure to an anti-alcohol message on conversational valence about alcohol . , it investigates whether valence subsequently affects alcohol consumption intentions . undergraduate students , in dyads , were randomly assigned to one of two conditions ( anti-alcohol message vs. no alcohol message exposure ) . baseline measure of the intention to refrain from binge drinking was assessed in advance . weeks later , half of the participants were exposed to an anti-alcohol message , after which all pairs engaged in a conversation about alcohol and binge drinking followed by an assessment of conversational valence and again the intention to refrain from binge drinking . indirect effect of health message exposure on the intention to refrain from binge drinking through conversational valence was revealed . participants viewed an anti-alcohol message , they reported significantly more negative conversations about alcohol . , a more negative conversational valence about alcohol increased the intention to refrain from binge drinking . findings suggest that conversational valence is relevant for health campaign effects . demonstrating that health messages can influence this valence , important implications arise in terms of health promotion . research should focus on how to design effective health campaigns that are able to guide conversational valence in the desired direction ."
162,Abstract #162,"interest has focused on the definition and measurement of clinical remission in people with schizophrenia . study examined the process of development of `` functional remission '' in a long-term comparative double-blind study of haloperidol and the atypical antipsychotic medication ziprasidone . dwelling patients with schizophrenia were randomized to treatment with haloperidol ( n = 47 ) or ziprasidone dosed either once or twice daily ( n = 139 ) . were re-examined at follow-up intervals that ranged up to 196 weeks . community functioning was examined with the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale ( QLS ) . scores for occupational and interpersonal functioning and achievement of improvement milestones across the individual items were both analyzed . model repeated measures analyses detected a significant ( p < .05 ) treatment effect over time favoring ziprasidone for interpersonal functioning . the mixed model was not significant for role functioning , the mean change at endpoint was significantly greater than 0 for the ziprasidone group but not the haloperidol group . of the distributions of change scores across the items showed that the number of items where endpoint scores were 5 or 6 ( reflecting minimal to no impairment ) was significantly higher in ziprasidone treated patients , ( p = .03 ) . term treatment with ziprasidone was associated with greater functional gains than treatment with haloperidol , even when the time course of dropout was controlled . treatment retention and functional gains favored the atypical treatment in this long-term study . long-term studies will be needed to clarify the determinants of these functional changes ."
163,Abstract #163,"aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) ( recombinant human activated protein C ) in patients with severe sepsis . ( N = 1690 ) in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled phase 3 trial received a 96-hour infusion of placebo ( n = 840 ) or drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) ( n = 850 ) , 24 microg x kg ( -1 ) x h ( -1 ) . samples from 680 patients were collected for pharmacokinetic assessment . effects on activated partial thromboplastin time , D-dimer , protein C , and interleukin 6 were analyzed by drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) steady-state plasma concentration ( C ( ss ) ) quartile . endogenous activated protein C concentrations above 10 ng/mL were observed in 11 placebo-treated patients ( 3.3 % ) . drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) - treated patients , the median C ( ss ) was 44.9 ng/mL and the median plasma clearance ( CL ( p ) ) was 40.1 L/h . ( ss ) was reached within 2 hours after the infusion was started . concentrations were below the assay quantitation limit of 10 ng/mL within 2 hours after the infusion was stopped in 92 % of patients . ( p ) increased with increasing body weight , so infusion rates should be based on predose body weight . CL ( p ) associated with age , sex , or baseline hepatic or renal function differed by less than 30 % from the mean CL ( p ) in all patients and resided within the interquartile range of CL ( p ) in all patients . adjustment is not required on the basis of these factors alone or in combination . correlation was detected between C ( ss ) quartile and bleeding risk or the magnitudes of effect on biomarkers of coagulopathy ( D-dimers and protein C ) and inflammation ( interleukin 6 ) . concentrations of drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) attain steady state rapidly after the infusion is started and decline rapidly after the infusion is stopped . infusion rate should be based on predose body weight and not on any other demographic or baseline clinical covariate ."
164,Abstract #164,"caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are increasing worldwide , especially in ICUs , and have been associated with high mortality rates . , unequivocally demonstrating causality of such infections to death is difficult in critically ill patients because of potential confounding and competing events . , we quantified the effects of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage on patient outcome in two Greek ICUs with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae endemicity . cohort study . ICUs with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae endemicity . admitted to the ICU with an expected length of ICU stay of at least 3 days were included . . Enterobacteriaceae colonization was established through screening in perineum swabs obtained at admission and twice weekly and inoculated on chromogenic plates . of carbapenemases was performed phenotypically , with confirmation by polymerase chain reaction . factors for ICU mortality were evaluated using cause-specific hazard ratios and subdistribution hazard ratios , with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonization as time-varying covariate . thousand seven patients were included , 36 ( 3.6 % ) were colonized at admission , and 96 ( 9.5 % ) acquired carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae colonization during ICU stay , and 301 ( 29.9 % ) died in ICU . 132 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates , 125 ( 94.7 % ) were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 74 harbored K. pneumoniae carbapenemase ( 56.1 % ) , 54 metallo -- lactamase ( 40.9 % ) , and four both ( 3.0 % ) . Enterobacteriaceae colonization was associated with a statistically significant increase of the subdistribution hazard ratio for ICU mortality ( subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.79 ; 95 % CI , 1.31-2 .43 ) , not explained by an increased daily hazard of dying ( cause-specific hazard ratio for death = 1.02 ; 95 % CI , 0.74-1 .41 ) , but by an increased length of stay ( cause-specific hazard ratio for discharge alive = 0.73 ; 95 % CI , 0.51-0 .94 ) . risk factors in the subdistribution hazard model were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score ( subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.13 ; 95 % CI , 1.11-1 .15 ) , female gender ( subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.29 ; 95 % CI , 1.02-1 .62 ) , presence of solid tumor ( subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.54 ; 95 % CI , 1.15-2 .06 ) , hematopoietic malignancy ( subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.61 ; 95 % CI , 1.04-2 .51 ) , and immunodeficiency ( subdistribution hazard ratio = 1.59 ; 95 % CI , 1.11-2 .27 ) . colonized with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have on average a 1.79 times higher hazard of dying in ICU than noncolonized patients , primarily because of an increased length of stay ."
165,Abstract #165,"progesterone is being used in some countries as a purported treatment for menopausal symptoms , either alone or prescribed in conjunction with estrogen , but little information exists regarding the biological activity and effectiveness of this method of delivery of progesterone in protecting the endometrium from excess proliferation . study was designed to evaluate the use of sequential transdermal progesterone . evaluated included endometrial cellular response and bleeding pattern as well as plasma hormone levels and salivary progesterone estimations . postmenopausal women were treated with continuous transdermal estrogen ( 28-day cycle ) and a cream containing 16 , 32 or 64 mg of progesterone in each 4-cm extrusion from a tube of Pro-Feme administered daily in a sequential ( days 15-28 of cycle ) regimen . and endometrial samples were analyzed for progesterone response prior to therapy , after the first 14 days of unopposed transdermal estrogen and following 14 days of transdermal progesterone . samples were taken during the last 14 days of the 84-day study , when the final progesterone cream therapy was being applied . assay indicated that physiological levels of estradiol were achieved , but progesterone levels were insufficient to induce any detectable change in the endometrium . one patient experienced bleeding during the study period . of salivary progesterone were so variable as to be considered completely unreliable in determining the potential influence on biological activity . transdermal progesterone administered in a 16 - , 32 - or 64-mg daily dose for 14 days in a sequential regimen does not appear to be effective in inducing a secretory change in a proliferative endometrium . progesterone levels were not of value in managing the therapy of postmenopausal women ."
166,Abstract #166,"sutures have unidirectional circumferential shallow barbs , which distribute tension throughout the wound and close wound securely without the need to tie knots . compare two different methods of wound closure in elective plastic surgical cases : barbed 3/0V-Loc 180 suture and smooth 3/0Maxon sutures , both polyglyconate monofilament synthetic absorbable sutures . assessed the aesthetic long-term results with a minimum two year follow up . is a prospective , randomized controlled study with internal control . single surgeon performed all cases . who underwent elective operations that involved long wound closure were enrolled in the study . patient acted as their own internal control with half their wound being sutured with 3/0V-Loc 180 barbed suture and the other half with smooth 3/0Maxon deep dermal sutures and then a subcuticular skin closure . both groups , the superficial fascial system was closed with 1 Vicryl interrupted sutures on both sides . cosmesis was evaluated using the modified Hollander cosmesis score by review of standardized postoperative photographs by 9 blinded plastic surgeons and specialist registrars . study reports on 33 female patients . time taken for wound closure was significantly reduced using the barbed suture ( p < 0.001 ) . was no difference in the complication ratio in either group . aesthetic outcome was significantly superior when using the barbed suture ( p = 0.0075 ) . sutures closure of long wounds is faster and produces a better long-term aesthetic outcome than smooth sutures ."
167,Abstract #167,"sterol ( PS ) - enriched foods have been shown to reduce plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations . most studies , however , PSs were incorporated into food products of high fat content . examined the effect of daily consumption of PS-supplemented low-fat fermented milk ( FM ) on the plasma lipid profile and on systemic oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic subjects . subjects ( LDL-cholesterol concentrations > or = 130 and < or = 190 mg/dL ; n = 194 ) consumed 2 low-fat portions of FM in the same meal daily for 6 wk . were randomly assigned to 2 groups : low-fat FM enriched with 0.8 g PS ester per portion or control FM . concentrations of lipids , oxidized LDL , beta-carotene , beta-sitosterol , campesterol , and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured during the trial . LDL-cholesterol concentrations were reduced by 9.5 % and 7.8 % after 3 and 6 wk , respectively , in the 1.6-g / d PS group compared with the control group , whereas plasma triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were not significantly affected . addition , there were no significant changes in serum beta-carotene on normalization to LDL cholesterol during the study period in both groups , whereas plasma concentrations of oxidized LDL were reduced significantly in the PS group compared with the control group ( -1.73 compared with 1.40 U/L , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) . sitosterol concentrations were increased by 35 % ( P < 0.001 compared with control ) ; however , campesterol concentrations did not change during the study period . consumption of 1.6 g PS in low-fat FM efficiently lowers LDL cholesterol in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia without deleterious effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress ."
168,Abstract #168,"study describes baseline and Year 1 predictors of abstinence from smoking for the 3,523 intervention participants who had complete annual 5-year follow-up data in the Lung Health Study ( LHS ) . LHS enrolled 5,887 smokers , aged 35 to 60 years , of whom 3,923 were offered a cessation intervention . these , 22 % achieved biochemically verified abstinence for 5 years . regressions were performed . first outcome variable was abstinence from smoking at 1 year . for those who were quit at 1 year , the outcome variable was 5 years of sustained abstinence . participants who were not using nicotine gum after 1 year in the study were more likely to sustain cessation over 5 years than were gum users at year 1 ( OR ranged from 0.31 to 0.44 for four age - and sex-specific groups ) . number of previous quit attempts was negatively associated with 5-year quitting success among younger and older men ( OR = 0.82 and 0.83 ) . participants who were less likely to associate smoking with emotional coping had higher abstinence rates at 5 years of follow-up ( OR = 0.89 and 0.84 ) . mechanisms may be responsible for achieving cessation in age/gender groups . results have implications for planning successful interventions ."
169,Abstract #169,"with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for microvascular complications . changes in microcirculation are characterized by hyperperfusion ( e.g. in the retina and kidney ) and increased pulse wave reflection leading to increased aortic pressure . investigated the effects of the DPP-4-inhibitor saxagliptin on early retinal microvascular changes . this double-blind , controlled , cross-over trial 50 patients ( without clinical signs of microvascular alterations ) with type-2 diabetes ( mean duration of 4 years ) were randomized to receive placebo or 5mg saxagliptin for 6 weeks . arteriolar structure and retinal capillary flow ( RCF ) at baseline and during flicker-light exposure was assessed by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry . hemodynamics were assessed by pulse wave analysis . blood glucose ( 9.270.4 versus 10.10.4 mmol/L ; p = 0.001 ) and HbA1c ( 6.840.15 ( 511.6 ) versus 7.100.17 % ( 541.9 mmol/mol ) ; p < 0.001 ) were significantly reduced with saxagliptin treatment compared to placebo . was significantly reduced after treatment with saxagliptin ( 28813.2 versus 31414.1 AU ; p = 0.033 ) . was most pronounced in a subgroup of patients ( n = 32 ) with a fall in postprandial blood glucose ( 28012.1 versus 31416.6 AU ; p = 0.011 ) . significant changes in RCF were seen during flicker-light exposure between placebo and saxagliptin , but the vasodilatory capacity increased two-fold with saxagliptin treatment . augmentation pressure tended to be lower after treatment with saxagliptin ( p = 0.094 ) , and central systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced ( 1192.3 versus 1242.3 mmHg ; p = 0.038 ) . data suggest that treatment with saxagliptin for 6 weeks normalizes retinal capillary flow and improves central hemodynamics in type-2 diabetes . study was registered at ( ID : NCT01319357 ) ."
170,Abstract #170,"purpose of this study was to evaluate the extended efficacy , safety , and tolerability of escitalopram relative to placebo in adolescents with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) . ( 12-17 years ) who completed an 8-week randomized , double-blind , flexible-dose , placebo-controlled , lead-in study of escitalopram 10-20 mg versus placebo could enroll in a 16-24-week , multisite extension trial ; patients maintained the same lead-in randomization ( escitalopram or placebo ) and dosage ( escitalopram 10 or 20 mg/day , or placebo ) during the extension . primary efficacy was Children 's Depression Rating Scale-Revised ( CDRS-R ) change from the lead-in study baseline to treatment week 24 ( 8-week lead-in study plus 16-week extension ) ; the secondary efficacy was Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement ( CGI-I ) score at week 24 . efficacy analyses used the last observation carried forward ( LOCF ) approach ; sensitivity analyses used observed cases ( OC ) and mixed-effects model for repeated measures ( MMRM ) . was evaluated via adverse event ( AE ) reports and the clinician-rated Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale ( C-SSRS ) . lead-in , 165 patients enrolled in the double-blind extension ( 82 placebo ; 83 escitalopram ) ; 40 ( 48.8 % ) placebo and 37 ( 44.6 % ) escitalopram patients completed treatment . total score improvement was significantly greater for escitalopram than for placebo ( p = 0.005 , LOCF ; p = 0.014 ; MMRM ) . rates ( CDRS-R 40 % reduction from baseline [ adjusted and unadjusted ] and CGI-I 2 ) were significantly higher for escitalopram than for placebo ( LOCF ) ; remission rates ( CDRS-R 28 ) were 50.6 % for escitalopram and 35.7 % for placebo ( p = 0.002 ) . analyses were not significantly different between groups . most frequent escitalopram AEs ( 5 % and more frequent than placebo ) were headache , nausea , insomnia , vomiting , influenza-like symptoms , diarrhea , and urinary tract infection . AEs were mild/moderate and not related to the study drug . suggestive of self-harm occurred in 5.7 % and 7.1 % of placebo and escitalopram patients . of suicidal behavior and/or suicidal ideation assessed by C-SSRS was 10.9 % ( 14/128 ) for placebo and 14.5 % ( 19/131 ) for escitalopram . use of escitalopram was generally safe and resulted in modest improvement in efficacy in adolescents with MDD ."
171,Abstract #171,"precursor P wave changes on electrocardiogram ( ECG ) before the atrial fibrillation ( AF ) episodes occur in the hyperthyroidism . aim was to compare the effect of two antithyroid drugs ( ATD ) on P wave duration and dispersion ( PWD ) in patients with hyperthyroidism . patients ( 13 men , 37 women ; mean age 39.2 + / -13.2 years ) with newly diagnosed overt hyperthyroid patients with Graves ' disease ( GD ) were enrolled in the prospective , randomized study . maximum P wave duration ( Pmax ) and the minimum P wave duration ( Pmin ) were measured in all 12-lead surface ECGs . patients were consecutively randomized to propylthiouracil ( PTU ) ( n = 24 ) and methimazole ( MMZ ) ( n = 26 ) groups . was repeated within euthyroid state after the 18-month ATD treatment . t-test , Mann-Whitney U and Pearson Chi-square tests were used for comparisons of the data between groups . differences between pre - and post-treatment measurements within groups were evaluated by Wilcoxon Sign Rank test . correlation of data was tested by using Spearman correlation analysis . maximum P wave duration ( Pmax ) was 90 ( 80-110 ) and 90 ( 90-110 ) msec , ( p = 0.586 ) , and PWD was 35 ( 22.5-48 .7 ) and 40 ( 30-40 ) msec , respectively ( p = 0.952 ) in PTU and MMZ groups . euthyroidism was achieved , Pmax was 80 ( 80-90 ) and 87.5 ( 80-90 ) msec ( p = 0.676 ) , and PWD was 27.5 ( 20-35 ) and 27.5 ( 20-30 ) msec in PTU and MMZ groups , respectively ( p = 0.540 ) . ATD treatment PWD decreased ( p = 0.009 and p < 0.001 , respectively ) in both of PTU and MMZ groups . effects of ATD on PWD change were similar ( p = 0.486 ) . wave duration and PWD are found to be prolonged in hyperthyroid patients with GD . propylthiouracil and methimazole reduce the P wave duration and dispersion . , we can conclude that improvements in atrial conduction properties are not associated with the type of ATD but with only achievement of euthyroidism ."
172,Abstract #172,"context of the study is the increased assessment and treatment of persons with mental illness in general hospital settings by general health staff , as the move away from mental hospitals gathers pace in low and middle income countries . purpose of the study was to examine whether general attitudes of hospital staff towards persons with mental illness , and extent of mental health training and clinical experience , are associated with different attitudes and behaviours towards a patient with mental illness than towards a patients with a general health problem - diabetes . hospital health professionals in Malaysia were randomly allocated one of two vignettes , one describing a patient with mental illness and the other a patient with diabetes , and invited to complete a questionnaire examining attitudes and health care practices in relation to the case . questionnaires completed by respondents included questions on demographics , training in mental health , exposure in clinical practice to people with mental illness , attitudes and expected health care behaviour towards the patient in the vignette , and a general questionnaire exploring negative attitudes towards people with mental illness . with complete responses were received from 654 study participants . attitudes towards persons with mental illness were common . responding to the mental illness vignette ( N = 356 ) gave significantly lower ratings on care and support and higher ratings on avoidance and negative stereotype expectations compared with those responding the diabetes vignette ( N = 298 ) . support the view that , in the Malaysian setting , patients with mental illness may receive differential care from general hospital staff and that general stigmatising attitudes among professionals may influence their care practices . direct measurement of clinician behaviours than able to be implemented through survey method is required to support these conclusions ."
173,Abstract #173,"or the `` urge to consume '' is a characteristic of bulimic eating disorders and addictions . of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ) is associated with craving . investigated whether stimulation of the DLPFC reduces food craving in people with a bulimic-type eating disorder . people with bulimic-type eating disorders were randomly allocated to receive one session of real or sham high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) to the left DLPFC in a double-blind procedure . measures included self-reported food craving immediately after the stimulation session and frequency of bingeing over a 24-hour follow-up period . with sham control , real rTMS was associated with decreased self-reported urge to eat and fewer binge-eating episodes over the 24 hours following stimulation . rTMS of the left DLPFC lowers cue-induced food cravings in people with a bulimic eating disorder and may reduce binge eating . results provide a rationale for exploring rTMS as a treatment for bulimic eating disorders ."
174,Abstract #174,"the reproductive years , most of menstruating women experience symptoms of premenstrual syndrome ( PMS ) , which is incapacitating in up to 10 % of cases . to complicated etiology , various therapeutic approaches have been proposed . PMS is a chronic situation , special attention should be paid to the side-effects of pharmacological interventions . medicine is a recent favorable therapeutic approach owing to fewer side-effects . aimed to determine the effect of Ginkgo biloba L. on the symptoms of PMS . was a single-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial conducted from November 2007 to April 2008 . students with PMS , living in dormitories of a medical university ( Tehran ) , who met the inclusion criteria entered the study . students filled out the daily symptom rating forms in two consecutive menstrual cycles . we verified the PMS diagnosis in 90 students , the participants were randomly assigned to experiment and placebo groups and took G. biloba L. tablets ( containing 40 mg leaf extracts ) or placebo three times a day from the 16th day of the menstrual cycle to the 5th day of the next cycle . were collected using daily symptom rating forms . ( 85 , 94.4 % ) participants completed the study . two groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and baseline overall severity of symptoms . the intervention , there was a significant decrease in the overall severity of symptoms and physical and psychologic symptoms in both Ginkgo ( 23.68 % ) and placebo ( 8.74 % ) groups ( p < 0.001 ) . , the mean decrease in the severity of symptoms was significantly more in the Ginkgo group compared to the placebo group ( p < 0.001 ) . biloba L. can reduce the severity of PMS symptoms . research on active ingredients and also the efficacy and safety of various doses and treatment durations of Ginkgo are required ."
175,Abstract #175,"study was designed to examine the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine ( CHM ) in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis ( CRS ) without nasal polyps . with CRS without nasal polyps were enrolled in the study . treatment , they were evaluated by the Taiwanese version of the 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test ( TWSNOT-20 ) , nasal endoscopy , saccharin test , and bacterial culture . , they were randomized to take CHM ( Tsang-Erh-San extract granules and Houttuynia extract powder ) or erythromycin for 8 weeks . treatment , they were evaluated again by the TWSNOT-20 , nasal endoscopy , saccharin test , and bacterial culture . patients completed the study with 26 in the CHM group and 27 in the erythromycin group . both the CHM and the erythromycin groups , TWSNOT-20 scores significantly decreased after treatment , but the decrease was not significantly different between the two groups . , the saccharin transit times were shortened in more patients in the CHM group than in patients in the erythromycin group . results showed CHM had an efficacy similar to that of macrolides in the treatment of CRS without nasal polyps . , a placebo effect remained possible in both treatment groups ."
176,Abstract #176,"evaluate preoperative rectal electrical stimulation in the recovery of urinary continence in patients who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy . were divided into 3 randomized groups : control , pelvic exercises , and electrical stimulation . 1 hour pad-test , the ICIQ-SF , and the SF-36 were performed 1 , 3 , and 6 months after the surgical procedure . the 58 patients who were initially included in the study , 9 were excluded due to radiotherapy after surgical intervention , an indwelling urethral catheter for more than 30 days , high surgical risk , loss of follow-up , or incomplete participation in the study routines and spontaneous interruption . patients concluded the study ( 15 in the control group , 17 in the exercise group , and 17 in the electrical stimulation group ) . did not observe any significant difference in the pad test ( p > 0.05 ) , the 8 domains of the SF-36 , or ICIQ-SF score compared with control groups ( control , exercise , and electrical stimulation ) . rectal electrical stimulation has no impact on continence status in patients who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy . is no difference in the three above mentioned groups with regard to urinary leakage and quality of life ."
177,Abstract #177,"indication to treat paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( PAF ) is controversial . Suppression of Paroxysmal Atrial Tachyarrhythmias ( SOPAT ) trial was designed to answer the following questions : ( 1 ) What is the average rate of spontaneous events of symptomatic PAF with and without anti-arrhythmic medication ? 2 ) what is the prevalence of severe side-effects ? ( 3 ) is the fixed combination of Quinidine + Verapamil inferior to the efficacy of sotalol or not ? 60 months 172 centres in Germany , Poland , and The Slovak Republic prospectively enrolled 1033 patients ( mean age 60 years , 62 % male ) with documented frequent episodes of symptomatic PAF . were randomised to either Quinidine + Verapamil 480/240 mg/d ( high dose ; 263 patients ) , Quinidine + Verapamil 320/160 mg/d ( low dose ; 255 patients ) , Sotalol 320 mg/d ( 264 patients ) or placebo ( 251 patients ) , of which 1012 patients entered the intention-to-treat analysis . primary endpoint was the time to first recurrence of symptomatic PAF or premature discontinuation . outcome parameters were the total number of symptomatic episodes and tolerability of the tested drugs . were followed for a period of up to 12 months by daily and symptom-triggered trans-telephonic ECG-monitoring ( Tele-ECG ) . mean time under treatment was 233 + / - 152 days . the primary endpoint , all active treatments were superior to placebo and not different from each other . total of 756 patients reached the primary endpoint within 105.7 + / - 8.7 d ( mean + / - SEM ) in the placebo group , vs. Quinidine + Verapamil ( high dose ) ( 150.4 + / - 10 d , p = 0.0061 ) , vs. Quinidine + Verapamil ( low dose ) ( 148.9 + / - 10.6 d , p = 0.0006 ) , vs. Sotalol ( 145.6 + / - 93 d , p = 0.0007 ) . three treatments were also effective in the reduction of AF burden ( days with symptomatic AF [ % ] mean + / - SD , p vs. placebo ) : Quinidine + Verapamil ( high dose ) ( 3.4 + / - 12 , p = 0.0001 ) , Quinidine + Verapamil ( low dose ) ( 4.5 + / - 12.3 , p = 0.008 ) and Sotalol ( 2.9 + / - 6.5 , p = 0.026 ) compared to placebo ( 6.1 + / - 13.5 ) . total of four deaths , 13 syncopes , and one ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) occurred during the active study period , of which one death and one VT were related to Quinidine/Verapamil . together , anti-arrhythmic therapy with the fixed combination of Quinidine + Verapamil is as effective as Sotalol in the reduction of the recurrence rate of symptomatic PAF with a low but definite risk of severe side-effects ."
178,Abstract #178,"evaluate the efficacy of a thermosensitive atelocollagen punctal plug in the treatment of dry eye disease . observational case series . thermosensitive atelocollagen punctal plug was warmed at 37 C , 39 C , 41 C , and 43 C to evaluate the appropriate temperature and time for solidification . eye patients were divided into 2 groups according to the preparation method of the atelocollagen punctal plug . the conventional implantation group , atelocollagen gel was kept at room temperature for 15 minutes before implantation ( 27 eyes of 14 patients ) . the preheating group , atelocollagen was warmed at 41 C for 8 minutes before implantation ( 23 eyes of 13 dry eye patients ) . meniscometry , vital stainings , tear film break-up time ( BUT ) , and symptom scores were evaluated before and 1 month after plug implantation . vitro experiments revealed that heating at 41 C for 8 minutes was sufficient to solidify the gel . mean fluorescein score in the conventional implantation group significantly improved after treatment ( before , 3.5 2.3 points ; after , 2.5 0.9 points , P < .05 ) . the preheating group , the mean fluorescein score ( before , 3.7 1.7 points ; after , 1.5 1.2 points ) , strip meniscometry ( before , 0.6 0.7 mm ; after , 1.1 0.3 mm ) , BUT ( before , 3.2 0.7 seconds ; after , 4.8 1.0 seconds ) , and visual analog scale scores ( before , 6.6 1.5 points ; after , 4.1 0.9 points ) significantly improved after treatment ( P < .05 ) . thermosensitive atelocollagen punctal plug was effective for dry eye treatment . preheating method was found to be useful to strengthen the efficacy of the thermosensitive atelocollagen punctal plug ."
179,Abstract #179,"from general anesthesia is governed by pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors . has not previously been recognized as a factor influencing the time to emergence from general anesthesia . multicenter study was originally designed to measure the effects of the bispectral index on intraoperative anesthetic management and patient recovery . compared the wake-up and recovery times of 274 adults after propofol/alfentanil/nitrous oxide anesthesia . were randomly assigned to have the titration of propofol performed with or without the use of bispectral index monitoring . guidelines were given for the titration of drugs . aim in all cases was to provide a safe anesthetic with the fastest possible recovery . was a significant reduction in propofol dose , time to eye opening , and response to verbal command when the anesthetic was titrated using the bispectral index . , gender proved to be a highly significant independent predictor for recovery time . woke significantly faster than men : the time from end of anesthesia to eye opening was 7.05 versus 11.22 min , P < 0.05 , and response to verbal command was 8.12 versus 11.67 min , P < 0.05 . differences were significant at all four study sites and in each treatment group . consistently had prolonged recovery times compared to women , P < 0.001 . was no difference in the dose of anesthetic used between gender . appears to be an important variable in recovery from general anesthesia . findings may explain the increased reported incidence of awareness in women ( three times more frequent ) and support the need to include gender as a variable in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of anesthetic drugs ."
180,Abstract #180,"investigate whether an exercise program , initially focusing on knee stabilization and subsequently on muscle strength and performance of daily activities is more effective than an exercise program focusing on muscle strength and performance of daily activities only , in reducing activity limitations in patients with knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) and instability of the knee joint . single-blind , randomized , controlled trial involving 159 knee OA patients with self-reported and/or biomechanically assessed knee instability , randomly assigned to two treatment groups . groups received a supervised exercise program for 12 weeks , consisting of muscle strengthening exercises and training of daily activities , but only in the experimental group specific knee joint stabilization training was provided . measures included activity limitations ( Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index - WOMAC physical function , primary outcome ) , pain , global perceived effect and knee stability . treatment groups demonstrated large ( 20-40 % ) and clinically relevant reductions in activity limitations , pain and knee instability , which were sustained 6 months post-treatment . differences in effectiveness between experimental and control treatment were found on WOMAC physical function ( B ( 95 % confidence interval - CI ) = -0.01 ( -2.58 to 2.57 ) ) or secondary outcome measures , except for a higher global perceived effect in the experimental group ( P = 0.04 ) . exercise programs were highly effective in reducing activity limitations and pain and restoring knee stability in knee OA patients with instability of the knee . knee OA patients suffering from knee instability , specific knee joint stabilization training , in addition to muscle strengthening and functional exercises , does not seem to have any additional value . Trial Register ( NTR ) registration number : NTR1475 ."
181,Abstract #181,"hypotension after an acute dynamic exercise bout is due primarily to peripheral vasodilation . tested the hypothesis that adenosine-mediated vasodilation contributes to hypotension after exercise , by determining the effect of blocking its actions with caffeine . healthy middle-aged subjects ( mean age = 51 + / - 3 years ) , cycled to peak effort on 2 study days , after a randomized double-blind intravenous infusion of caffeine ( 4 mg/kg ) selective for adenosine receptor blockade , or vehicle . studies were performed after 72 h of caffeine abstinence . achieved 52.0 + / - 6.1 mumol/L caffeine in plasma . reductions in mean and diastolic blood pressure ( BP ) were elicited by prior exercise on the vehicle day ( from 93 + / - 2 to 85 + / - 2 mm Hg v from 79 + / - 2 to 73 + / - 3 mm Hg , respectively ; both P < .05 ) , but not after caffeine infusion . and mean BP , 10 min after exercise , were higher on the caffeine than on the vehicle day ( by 9 + / - 3 and 6 + / - 2 mm Hg , respectively ; P < .05 ) , as was heart rate ( HR ) ( 100 + / - 5 v 93 + / - 4 beats/min ; P < .05 ) . data suggest that endogenous adenosine contributes to early hypotension after exercise in healthy middle-aged subjects and underscore the importance of caffeine abstinence if BP or HR immediately after exercise is used to infer cardiovascular risk ."
182,Abstract #182,"determine whether acepromazine ( ACE ) and butorphanol ( BUT ) combination can be used for restraint of dogs during positive-contrast upper gastrointestinal tract ( UGIT ) examination . healthy dogs . a randomized crossover design study , weekly UGIT examinations were performed on each dog for 5 weeks after administration of normal saline solution ( 0.5 ml ) , xylazine ( 1.0 mg/kg of body weight ) , or a combination of ACE ( 0.1 mg/kg ) and 1 of 3 doses of BUT ( 0.05 , 0.2 , 1.0 mg/kg ) . tract emptying time , GI motility , pulse , respiratory rate , and quality of restraint were assessed . gastric emptying time was significantly prolonged by use of an ACE and BUT ( 0.05 mg/kg ) combination . and higher dosages of BUT significantly prolonged gastric and intestinal emptying times . anesthetic protocols significantly decreased motility and facilitated nonmanual restraint . and BUT ( 1.0 mg/kg ) significantly decreased pulse and respiratory rate . ACE and BUT combination prolonged GI tract emptying times , decreased GI motility , and facilitated nonmanual restraint for duration of the examination . GI motility was decreased and total gastric emptying time was prolonged , administration of ACE ( 0.1 mg/kg ) plus BUT ( 0.05 mg/kg ) allowed morphologic examination of the GI tract within 5 hours . prolonged GI tract emptying , decreased GI motility , and provided good to excellent initial restraint . Relevance-The ACE and BUT combination prohibits functional examination of the GI tract ; however , morphologic examination is possible when low dosages of BUT ( 0.05 mg/kg ) are used ."
183,Abstract #183,"substantial proportion of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) have only a partial response to proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) therapy . drugs may improve reflux symptoms by enhancing oesophageal motility and gastric emptying . evaluate the effect of revexepride , a novel prokinetic 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 ( 5-HT4 ) receptor agonist , compared with placebo , in patients with GERD who have a partial response to PPIs . phase 2b , double-blind , parallel-group study was conducted , in which patients were randomised to one of three revexepride treatment groups ( 0.1 , 0.5 and 2.0 mg three times daily ) or placebo ( 1:1:1:1 ratio ) . e-diary data captured patients ' symptoms over an 8-week treatment period . primary efficacy outcome was the weekly percentage of regurgitation-free days in the second half of the study ( weeks 5-8 ) . total , 480 patients were randomised and 477 received treatment ( mean age 47.9 years ; 61 % women ) . mean percentage of regurgitation-free days increased from baseline ( range , 15.0-18 .8 % ) to week 8 ( 62.3-70 .5 % ) in all four study arms ; however , there were no statistically significant differences in this change between placebo and the three treatment arms . dose-dependent relationship in treatment effect was observed for any of the study endpoints . incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events ( TEAEs ) was revexepride dose-dependent . one serious TEAE occurred and none resulted in death . was no more effective than placebo in controlling regurgitation in patients with GERD symptoms partially responsive to PPIs . was well tolerated . Identifier : NCT01472939 ."
184,Abstract #184,"is accepted that preventing hyperglycaemia during critical illness while assuring adequate caloric intake can reduce mortality and morbidity . aim of this study was to compare the metabolic effects of metformin and insulin on hyperglycaemia in ICU patients . double-blind randomised clinical trial was performed on 24 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit ( ICU ) from 20 March to 20 September 2007 . patients with serious injuries or with major non-abdominal surgeries were included if they met the inclusion criteria , and were assigned randomly to one of the study groups . in Group 1 received intensive insulin therapy , and patients in Group 2 were treated with metformin . , the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation ( APACHE ) II scoring system was used to grade disease severity . glycaemic management protocols led to significantly improved glucose levels without any report of hypoglycaemia . mean initial glucose levels for the insulin group decreased significantly after the intravenous infusion of insulin ( p < 0.001 ) . , the blood glucose concentration was significantly lower after two weeks of metformin administration compared to baseline measurements ( p < 0.001 ) . , the blood glucose concentration decrease during these two weeks was significantly higher in the insulin group ( p = 0.01 ) . , APACHE II score was lower than baseline at the end of the study for both therapeutic groups ( score of 10 vs. 15 [ insulin ] and 16 [ metformin ] ) . , new renal dysfunction ( maximum serum creatinine level at least double the initial value ) was observed in three of the patients ( two patients from the metformin group and one from the insulin group ) in the last days of the protocol , although none of the patients showed lactic acidosis after ICU admission . metformin and intensive insulin therapy significantly decreased hyperglycaemia in ICU patients . caused a greater reduction in blood glucose concentration but required more attention and trained personnel ."
185,Abstract #185,"investigated the effects of pravastatin on chylomicron remnant catabolism measured with a 13C stable isotope breath test and plasma apolipoprotein ( apo ) B-48 and remnant-like particle ( RLP ) - cholesterol in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus . postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive 40 mg/day pravastatin or no treatment for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week washout period , and crossed over for a further 6 weeks . catabolic rate ( FCR ) of a chylomicron remnant-like emulsion was determined from 13CO2 enrichment in the breath and plasma using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry and multicompartmental modelling . apo B-48 and RLP-cholesterol concentrations were also measured as static markers of chylomicron remnant metabolism . significantly reduced plasma concentrations of cholesterol ( 5.9 + / - 0.3 vs. 4.8 + / - 0.2 mmol/l ; P < 0.001 ) , low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) - cholesterol ( 3.5 + / - 0.2 vs. 2.6 + / - 0.2 mmol/l ; P < 0.001 ) , triglyceride ( 2.1 + / - 0.3 vs. 1.7 + / - 0.2 mmol/l ; P = 0.017 ) , non-high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) - cholesterol ( 4.4 + / - 0.3 vs. 3.3 + / - 0.2 mmol/l ; P < 0.001 ) , lathosterol/total cholesterol ratio ( 2.6 + / - 0.2 vs. 2.0 + / - 0.3 , P = 0.035 ) , apo B-100 ( 1.1 + / - 0.1 vs. 0.8 + / - 0.1 g/l ; P = 0.001 ) , apo B-48 ( 4.8 + / - 0.9 vs. 3.3 + / - 0.6 mg/l ; P = 0.016 ) , and RLP-cholesterol ( 31.4 + / - 8.2 vs. 18.6 + / - 4.6 mg/dl ; P = 0.024 ) . was also associated with an increase in sitosterol/total cholesterol ratio ( 2.8 + / - 0.3 vs. 3.1 + / - 0.3 , P = 0.029 ) . remnant-like emulsion catabolism was not , however , significantly altered by pravastatin estimated by either breath or plasma clearance measurements . postmenopausal women , pravastatin decreases plasma concentrations of remnant lipoproteins by a mechanism that may relate chiefly to inhibition of remnant production , but this requires further evaluation ."
186,Abstract #186,"trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of pregabalin dosed twice daily ( BID ) for relief of neuro-pathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia ( PHN ) . 13-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled study randomized 370 patients with PHN to pregabalin ( 150 , 300 , or 600 mg/day BID ) or placebo . efficacy measure was endpoint mean pain score from daily pain diaries . efficacy measures included endpoint mean sleep-interference score from daily sleep diaries and Patient Global Impression of Change ( PGIC ) . evaluations included adverse events ( AEs ) , physical and neurologic examinations , 12-lead ECG , vital signs , and laboratory testing . provided significant , dose-proportional pain relief at endpoint : difference from placebo in mean pain score , 150 mg/day , -0.88 , p = 0.0077 ; 300 mg/day , -1.07 , p = 0.0016 ; 600 mg/day , -1.79 , p = 0.0003 . mean pain scores significantly improved as early as week 1 . interference in all pregabalin groups was also significantly improved at endpoint , compared with placebo ( p < 0.001 ) , beginning at week 1 ( p < 0.01 ) . study termination , patients in the 150 ( p = 0.02 ) and 600 mg/day ( p = 0.003 ) groups were more likely to report global improvement than were those in the placebo group . AEs were mild or moderate . pregabalin-treated patients , 13.5 % withdrew due to AEs , most commonly for dizziness ( 16 patients , 5.8 % ) , somnolence ( 8 , 2.9 % ) , or ataxia ( 7 , 2.5 % ) . , dosed BID , reduced neuropathic pain associated with PHN and was well tolerated . also reduced the extent to which pain interfered with sleep . 's effects were seen as early as week 1 and were sustained throughout the 13-week study ."
187,Abstract #187,"determine efficacy and safety of asoprisnil in patients with leiomyomata . 2 , multicenter , prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study . sites in the United States and 1 in Canada . hundred twenty-nine women with leiomyomata . ( 5 , 10 , or 25 mg ) or placebo orally daily for 12 weeks . bleeding changes by using daily bleeding diaries , hemoglobin concentrations , dominant leiomyoma and uterus volume measured sonographically , patient-reported symptoms related to bloating and pelvic pressure , endometrial thickness and morphology , hormonal parameters , and standard safety measures . suppressed uterine bleeding in 28 % , 64 % , and 83 % of subjects at 5 , 10 , and 25 mg , respectively , and reduced leiomyoma and uterine volumes . percentage decrease from baseline in leiomyoma volume was statistically significant at 25 mg compared with placebo after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment ; by week 12 , leiomyoma volume was reduced by 36 % . was a significant reduction in bloating with the two highest doses and in pelvic pressure with 25 mg by week 12 . was associated with follicular-phase estrogen concentration and minimal hypoestrogenic symptoms . 12-week treatment , asoprisnil controlled uterine bleeding while reducing leiomyoma volume and the associated pressure symptoms . was well tolerated ."
188,Abstract #188,"study examined whether pioglitazone , an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma , may stabilize vulnerable plaque with use of ultrasound evaluation of carotid artery plaque echolucency in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . with pioglitazone ( 15 or 30mg/day , n = 31 ) or placebo ( n = 30 ) was randomly assigned and initiated within 5 days after the onset of ACS in 61 patients with type 2 DM and echolucent carotid plaques . carotid plaques were assessed by measuring plaque echolucency using carotid ultrasound with integrated backscatter ( IBS ) before , at 2 weeks , and 1 month and 6 months after initiation of treatment . increase in IBS value reflects an increase in carotid plaque echogenicity . IBS value ( intima-media IBS value minus adventitia IBS value ) of echolucent carotid plaques did not change at 2 weeks but was significantly increased at 1 month after treatment in the pioglitazone group but not in the placebo group . increase in calibrated IBS value was not significantly correlated with the effect of pioglitazone on glycemia . rapidly improved carotid plaque echolucency within 1 month of therapy initiation in patients with ACS and type 2 DM ."
189,Abstract #189,"evaluate the effectiveness of infant massage compared with that of a crib vibrator in the treatment of infantile colic . < 7 weeks of age and perceived as colicky by their parents were randomly assigned to an infant massage group ( n = 28 ) or a crib vibrator group ( n = 30 ) . daily intervention periods were recommended in both groups . recorded infant crying and given interventions in a structured cry diary that was kept for 1 week before ( baseline ) and for 3 weeks during the intervention . were interviewed after the first and third weeks of intervention to obtain their evaluation of the effectiveness of the given massage or crib vibration . baseline , the mean amount of total crying was 3.6 ( standard deviation : 1.4 ) hours/day in the massage group infants and 4.2 ( 2.0 ) hours/day in the vibrator group infants . mean amount of colicky crying was 2.1 ( standard deviation : 1.1 ) hours/day and 2.9 ( 1.5 ) hours/day , respectively . mean number of daily intervention periods was 2.2 in both groups . the 4-week study , the amount of total and colicky crying decreased significantly in both intervention groups . reduction in crying was similar in the study groups : total crying decreased by a mean 48 % in the massage group and by 47 % in the vibrator group , and colicky crying decreased by 64 % and 52 % , respectively . amount of other crying ( total crying minus colicky crying ) remained stable in both groups over the intervention . percent of the parents in both groups reported that colic symptoms decreased over the 3-week intervention , and 61 % of the parents in the massage group and 63 % of the parents in the crib vibrator group perceived the 3-week intervention as colic reducing . massage was comparable to the use of a crib vibrator in reducing crying in colicky infants . suggest that the decrease of total and colicky crying in the present study reflects more the natural course of early infant crying and colic than a specific effect of the interventions ."
190,Abstract #190,"radiotherapy potentially offers therapeutic gain for prostate cancer . investigated the feasibility of hypofractionated proton therapy ( PT ) . patients with biopsy-proven T1-3N0M0 prostate adenocarcinoma and no history of androgen deprivation therapy were randomly assigned to five different dose schedules : Arm 1 , 60 CGE ( cobalt gray equivalent = proton dose in Gy 1.1 ) / 20 fractions/5 weeks ; Arm 2 , 54 CGE/15 fractions/5 weeks ; Arm 3 , 47 CGE/10 fractions/5 weeks ; Arm 4 , 35 CGE/5 fractions/2 .5 weeks ; or Arm 5 , 35 CGE/5 fractions/5 weeks . median follow-up duration was 42 months ( 11-52 months ) . acute GI and GU grade 2 toxicity rates were 0 and 5 % , respectively . late GI and GU grade 2 toxicity rates were 16 % and 7 % , respectively . best arm for acute GU toxicity was Arm 3 , while that for late GI toxicity was Arm 2 in which none had grade 2 toxicity . four-year American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and Nadir + 2ng/ml BCF free survival ( BCFFS ) rates were 85 % and 86 % , respectively . PT for patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as used in this study is feasible with an acceptable toxicity profile . the BCFFS rates do not seem to be inferior to those produced using conventional fractionation , the application of hypofractionated PT may save patients time and money ."
191,Abstract #191,"purpose was to investigate the effects of acupressure on sleep quality in hemodialysis patients . clinical trial . setting of the study was dialysis wards located in two university hospitals ( Imam and Golestan ) in Ahvaz , Iran . end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis who scored 5 points or higher on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI ) were enrolled to the study . group received acupressure intervention on the Shenmen ( He7 ) and He Gu ( Li4 ) points in the hands and Sanyingjao ( sp6 ) point in the feet for 4 weeks beside routine care and control group received only routine care . sleep quality , latency and duration , habitual sleep efficiency ; sleep disturbances , daytime functional status , and use of sleeping medications . result indicated significant differences between the acupressure group and the control group after intervention in PSQI global scores ( p < 0.001 ) and all sleep quality indices between two groups after intervention : subjective sleep quality ( p < 0.001 ) , sleep latency ( p < 0.001 ) , sleep duration ( p < 0.001 ) , sleep efficiency ( p = 0.006 ) , sleep disturbance ( p < 0.001 ) , the use of sleeping medication ( p = 0.028 ) , and daytime dysfunction ( p < 0.001 ) . study supports the effectiveness of acupressure in improving sleep quality of end-stage renal disease patients as a noninvasive therapy ."
192,Abstract #192,"fixed-dose studies , vardenafil 5 , 10 , and 20mg improves erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction ( ED ) . , the efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil when used in a flexible-dose regimen was assessed . this multicenter trial , 323 patients randomly received vardenafil 10mg or placebo . 4 weeks , patients could switch to 5 or 20mg ( or corresponding placebo ) , or remain on 10mg for an additional 4 weeks ; dose-switching was optional for the last 4 weeks . variables included the IIEF-EF domain score , GAQ , and percentage of positive responses to SEP2/SEP3 questions . IIEF-EF domain score significantly improved from a baseline of moderate ED ( 12.6-13 .1 ) to mild ED in men on vardenafil ( 21.0-24 .2 ) compared with placebo ( 13.7-15 .6 ) at weeks 4 , 8 , 12 , and last observation carried forward ( LOCF ) ( p < 0.005 vs. placebo ) . significantly greater proportion of men receiving vardenafil at weeks 4 , 8 , 12 , and LOCF reported improved erections ( 80-86 % vs. 21-36 % for placebo , p < 0.005 ) . SEP2 rates increased after vardenafil , reaching 84 % at weeks 8 and 12 vs. 49-53 % receiving placebo ( p < 0.005 vs. placebo ) . improved successful SEP3 rates ranging from 58 % to 74 % compared to 22-34 % for placebo . most common adverse events , flushing and headache , were generally mild and transient . this flexible dose study , vardenafil was well-tolerated , and produced clinically relevant improvements in erectile function in men with ED ."
193,Abstract #193,"has been claimed to prevent acute opioid tolerance and hyperalgesia following acute exposure to opioids and its use has been proposed to decrease postoperative morphine consumption . conducted a randomized , double-blind , controlled study to evaluate the effect of intravenous ( i.v. ) ketamine on postoperative pain for 48 h after major ear , nose and throat ( ENT ) surgery . patients received i.v. ketamine 0.15 mg kg ( -1 ) before induction and 2 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) during anaesthesia , and 31 patients were administered placebo in a similar manner . was standardized with remifentanil and propofol , but without nitrous oxide . postoperative analgesia included paracetamol , methylprednisolone and morphine administered via a patient controlled analgesia ( PCA ) device . remifentanil consumption was not different between the ketamine group ( 0.25 + / - 0.07 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ) and the control group ( 0.22 + / - 0.07 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ) . the postoperative period , both groups experienced an identical pain course evolution . morphine consumption was not significantly different between groups : at 24 h it was 33.3 + / - 14.9 with ketamine and 31.9 + / - 15.3 mg in controls , at 48h it was 40.4 + / - 20.6 mg with ketamine and 42.5 + / - 25.9 mg in controls . ketamine added to a remifentanil-based propofol anaesthesia did not reduce morphine consumption after major ENT surgery ."
194,Abstract #194,"resin-based pit and fissure sealant is considered a successful tool in caries prevention , however there is a growing evidence of its use in controlling already established caries in posterior teeth . aim of this clinical trial is to verify the efficacy of pit and fissure sealants in arresting dentinal caries lesions compared to partial excavation and restorative treatment in primary molar teeth . six patients with occlusal cavitated primary molar reaching outer half of dentin were selected . patients were randomly allocated into two groups : sealant application ( experimental group - n = 17 ) and restoration with composite resin ( control group - n = 19 ) . and radiograph evaluation were performed after 6 , 12 and 18 months . chi-square test was used to verify the distribution of characteristics variables of the sample among the groups . survival rate of treatments was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival and log-rank test . 's Exact and logistic regression tests were calculated in each evaluation period ( = 5 % ) . control group showed significantly better clinical survival after 18 months ( p = 0.0025 ) . both groups , no caries progression was registered on the radiographic evaluations . had similar efficacy in the arrestment of caries progression of cavitated occlusal lesions compared to partial excavation of the lesions , even though the frequency of re-treatments was significantly higher in sealed lesions . Brasileiro de Ensaios Clnicos ( ReBEC ) : RBR-9kkv53 ."
195,Abstract #195,"study was conducted to compare oral contraceptive ( OC ) pharmacokinetics ( PK ) in normal-weight [ body mass index ( BMI ) 19.0-24 .9 ] and obese ( BMI 30.0-39 .9 ) women . the third week of the third cycle of OC use , we admitted 15 normal-weight and 15 obese women for collection of 12 venous specimens over 24 h. Using radioimmunoassay techniques , we measured levels of ethinyl estradiol ( EE ) and levonorgestrel ( LNG ) . the same cycle , women underwent twice-weekly sonography to assess ovarian follicular development and blood draws to measure endogenous estradiol ( E2 ) and progesterone levels . women had a lower area under the curve ( AUC ; 1077.2 vs. 1413.7 pg * h/mL ) and lower maximum values ( 85.7 vs. 129.5 pg/mL ) for EE than normal-weight women ( p = .04 and < 0.01 , respectively ) ; EE trough levels were similar between BMI groups . similar , but smaller , differences in their LNG levels for AUC and maximum values ( C ( max ) ) were not statistically significant . peak values differed somewhat , the LNG trough levels were similar for obese and normal-weight women ( 2.6 and 2.5 ng/mL , respectively ) . with greater EE AUC had smaller follicular diameters ( p = .05 ) and lower E2 levels ( p = .04 ) . follicular diameters tended to be larger among obese women , these differences were not statistically significant . hormone peak levels are lower among obese women compared to normal-weight women , but their trough levels are similar . this small study , the observed PK differences did not translate into more ovarian follicular activity among obese OC users ."
196,Abstract #196,"aim of this trial was to confirm previous results demonstrating the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination tissue sealant versus argon beam coagulation ( ABC ) treatment in liver resection . trial was designed as an international , multicenter , randomized , controlled surgical trial with 2 parallel groups . were eligible for intra-operative randomization after elective resection of 1 liver segment and primary hemostasis . primary end point was the time to hemostasis after starting the randomized intervention to obtain secondary hemostasis . end points were drainage duration , volume , and content . events were collected to evaluate the safety of treatments . trial was registered internationally ( Eudract number 2008-006407-23 ) . 119 patients ( 60 TachoSil and 59 ABC ) randomized in 10 tertiary care centers in Europe , the mean time to hemostasis was less when TachoSil was used ( 3.6 minutes ) compared with ABC ( 5.0 minutes ; P = .0018 ) . estimated ratio of mean time to hemostasis for TachoSil/ABC was 0.61 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.47-0 .80 ; P = .0003 ) . drainage volume , drainage fluid , and drainage duration did not differ between the 2 groups . ( 2 vs 4 patients ) and adverse reactions ( 24 vs 28 patients ) for TachoSil versus ABC did not differ . trial confirmed that TachoSil achieved significantly faster hemostasis after liver resection compared with ABC . morbidity and mortality remained unchanged between both groups ."
197,Abstract #197,"20-meter walk test is a physical function measure commonly used in clinical research studies and rehabilitation clinics to measure gait speed and monitor changes in patients ' physical function over time . , the reliability and sensitivity of this walk test are not well defined and , therefore , limit our ability to evaluate real changes in gait speed not attributable to normal variability . aim of this study was to assess the test-restest reliability and sensitivity of the 20-meter walk test , at a self-selected pace , among patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) and to suggest a standardized protocol for future test administration . was a measurement reliability study . consecutive people enrolled in a randomized-controlled trial of intra-articular corticosteroid injections for knee OA participated in this study . participants completed 4 trials on 2 separate days , 7 to 21days apart ( 8 trials total ) . day was divided into 2 sessions , which each involved 2 walking trials . compared walk times between trials with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests . analyses compared average walk times between sessions . confirm these analyses , we also calculated Spearman correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between sessions . , smallest detectable differences ( SDD ) were calculated to estimate the sensitivity of the 20-meter walk test . signed-rank tests between trials within the same session demonstrated that trials in session 1 were significantly different and in the subsequent 3 sessions , the median differences between trials were not significantly different . , the first session of each day was considered a practice session , and the SDD between the second session of each day were calculated . was -1.59 seconds ( walking slower ) and 0.15 seconds ( walking faster ) . trials and a standardized protocol should be used in administration of the 20-meter walk test . in walk time between -1.59 seconds ( walking slower ) and 0.15 seconds ( walking faster ) should be considered within the range of normal variability of 20-meter walking speed . primary limitation of our study was a small sample size , which may influence the generalizability of our findings ."
198,Abstract #198,"evaluate and analyze mechanism of Pizhen for the treatment of pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis . patients ( 85 knees ) were divided into two groups according to random number table method . 35 patients in the experimental group , 6 patients were male and 29 patients were female , 1 patient lost follow-up , the average age was ( 56.65 + / - 4.89 ) years , and the patients were treated with Pizhen . 50 patients in the control group , there were 6 males and 44 females , the average age was ( 57.54 + / - 4.91 ) years , and the patients were treated with intra-articular injection with sodium hyaluronate . VAS score and the data of algometer from the most obvious tenderness around the knee were used to evaluate the clinical effects . were significant differences of scores in the experimental group before and after treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . were significant differences of scores in the control group before and after treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . treatment , there were no statistical differences of VAS score and the data of algometer between experimental and control groups ( P > 0.01 ) . was negative correlation between VAS score and the data of algometer . Pizhen is an effective method to treat pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis by relaxing tendon of soft tissue around pain point of knee joint , and relaxing compress and stimulation of nerves ."
199,Abstract #199,"with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) were randomised to either hospital at home ( HaH ) or inpatient management , and patient and carer preferred site of management and satisfaction with care received in the two arms was determined . admissions with an acute exacerbation of COPD were randomised to inpatient care or HaH care . discharge an independent observer administered a questionnaire to both patients and carers on the preferred site of care and scored satisfaction with the care received . 60 patients recruited , 30 were randomised to receive HaH care . patient preference for HaH care was 96.3 % in the domiciliary arm and 59.3 % in the conventional arm ; carer preference figures were 85.7 % and 42.9 % , respectively . was a higher preference for domiciliary care by both patients and carers in the HaH arm than in the inpatient arm ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.01 , respectively ) . recorded equal satisfaction with care in the two arms ( 88.1 % in the conventional arm , 91.7 % in the domiciliary arm ) ; carer scores were 91.3 % and 91.9 % , respectively . results of this study show that both patients and carers were significantly more likely to prefer domiciliary care if they were in the HaH arm . patients had to be willing to be looked after at home , both patients ' and carers ' perceptions of the benefits of HaH care were reinforced by their experience . care of acute exacerbations of COPD is the preferred option in suitable patients ."
200,Abstract #200,"granulocytes and monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn 's disease ( CD ) . small , uncontrolled studies , granulocyte/monocyte apheresis ( GMA ) has shown promise in treating CD . conducted a randomised , double-blind study to compare GMA with a sham procedure in patients with moderate to severe CD . with active CD as defined by a Crohn 's Disease Activity Index ( CDAI ) of 220-450 were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with GMA using the Adacolumn Apheresis System ( JIMRO , Takasaki , Japan ) or sham apheresis . apheresis sessions were scheduled over a 9-week period , and efficacy was evaluated at week 12 . primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving clinical remission ( CDAI score 150 without use of prohibited drugs ) . remission was achieved by 17.8 % of patients in the GMA group ( n = 157 ) compared with 19.2 % of those in the sham control group ( n = 78 ) ( absolute difference -- 1.4 % ( 95 % CI -- 12.8 % to 8.5 % ) , p = 0.858 ) . response ( defined as a 100-point decrease in CDAI ) was achieved by 28.0 % and 26.9 % of patients in the GMA and sham groups , respectively ( p = 1.000 ) . two treatments produced similar changes from baseline in CDAI and quality of life , as well as in disease severity assessed endoscopically . incidence and types of adverse events did not differ between groups . was well tolerated , but this study did not demonstrate its effectiveness over a sham procedure in inducing clinical remission or response in patients with moderate to severe CD ."
201,Abstract #201,"evaluate the gastro-protective effect of capsaicin against the ethanol - and indomethacin ( IND ) - induced gastric mucosal damage in healthy human subjects . effects of small doses ( 1-8 microg/mL , 100 mL ) of capsaicin on the gastric acid secretion basal acid output ( BAO ) and its electrolyte concentration , gastric transmucosal potential difference ( GTPD ) , ethanol - ( 5 mL 300 mL/L i.g. ) and IND - ( 3x25 mg/d ) induced gastric mucosal damage were tested in a randomized , prospective study of 84 healthy human subjects . possible role of desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive afferents was tested by repeated exposures and during a prolonged treatment . application of capsaicin decreased the BAO and enhanced `` non-parietal '' component , GTPD in a dose-dependent manner . decrease of GTPD evoked by ethanol was inhibited by the capsaicin application , which was reproducible . microbleeding induced by IND was inhibited by co-administration with capsaicin , but was not influenced by two weeks pretreatment with a daily capsaicin dose of 3x400 microg i.g. in low concentration range protects against gastric injuries induced by ethanol or IND , which is attributed to stimulation of the sensory nerve endings ."
202,Abstract #202,"research has shown that youth with co-occurring tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) may differ from those with non-tic-related OCD in terms of clinical characteristics and treatment responsiveness . broad definition of `` tic-related '' was used to examine whether children with tics in the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study II differed from those without tics in terms of demographic and phenomenological characteristics and acute treatment outcomes . were 124 youth aged 7 to 17 years , inclusive , with a primary diagnosis of OCD who were partial responders to an adequate serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SRI ) trial . were randomized to medication management , medication management plus instructions in cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT ) , or medication management plus full CBT . status was based on the presence of motor and/or vocal tics on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale . were identified in 53 % of the sample . with tic-related OCD did not differ from those with non-tic-related OCD in terms of age , family history of tics , OCD severity , OCD-related impairment , or comorbidity . with tics responded equally in all treatment conditions . OCD was very prevalent using a broad definition of tic status . suggest that youth with this broad definition of tic-related OCD do not have increased OCD severity or inference , higher comorbidity rates or severity , or worsened functioning , and support the use of CBT in this population . highlights the importance of not making broad assumptions about OCD symptoms most likely to occur in an individual with comorbid tics . trial registration information-Treatment of Pediatric OCD for SRI Partial Responders ; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00074815 ."
203,Abstract #203,"determine the safety and efficacy of an automated unified safety system ( USS ) in providing overnight closed-loop ( OCL ) control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes attending diabetes summer camps . Diabetes Assistant ( DIAS ) USS used the Dexcom G4 Platinum glucose sensor ( Dexcom ) and t : slim insulin pump ( Tandem Diabetes Care ) . initial inpatient study was completed for 12 participants to evaluate safety . the main camp study , 20 participants with type 1 diabetes were randomized to either OCL or sensor-augmented therapy ( control conditions ) per night over the course of a 5 - to 6-day diabetes camp . completed 54 OCL nights and 52 control nights . an intention-to-treat basis , with glucose data analyzed regardless of system status , the median percent time in range , from 70-150 mg/dL , was 62 % ( 29 , 87 ) for OCL nights versus 55 % ( 25 , 80 ) for sensor-augmented pump therapy ( P = 0.233 ) . per-protocol analysis allowed for assessment of algorithm performance . median percent time in range , from 70-150 mg/dL , was 73 % ( 50 , 89 ) for OCL nights ( n = 41 ) versus 52 % ( 24 , 83 ) for control conditions ( n = 39 ) ( P = 0.037 ) . was less time spent in the hypoglycemic range < 50 , < 60 , and < 70 mg/dL during OCL compared with the control period ( P = 0.019 , P = 0.009 , and P = 0.023 , respectively ) . DIAS USS algorithm is effective in improving time spent in range as well as reducing nocturnal hypoglycemia during the overnight period in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a diabetes camp setting ."
204,Abstract #204,"study compared e-learning ( EL ) , face-to-face learning ( F2FL ) and blended learning ( BL ) with respect to their effectiveness and student attitudes towards them . also evaluated the effect of the order in which the components ( EL and F2FL ) of blended learning are delivered . was a prospective cluster randomised trial comparing four parallel groups . groups of fourth year dental undergraduate students were randomly allocated to one of four intervention groups : EL , F2FL , BL1 or BL2 . four groups were assessed for their baseline comparability of knowledge and skills . then received the same cephalometric tutorial but delivered by the allocated mode of learning . was immediately assessed with a MCQ which measured short-term recall of knowledge . attitudes were evaluated with a questionnaire followed by a focus group discussion . ( 57 % ) students completed the study . 's chi-square test found no statistically significant difference between F2FL and BL ; EL alone was less effective ( P < 0.05 ) for four MCQ questions but with no difference for the remaining six questions . students were positive towards each learning modality , but a one-way analysis of variance found BL was the most and F2FL was the least accepted ( P = 0.002 ) . was significantly ( P = 0.028 ) less preferred . order of the components in BL had no significant effects . results suggest that BL is more likely than either F2FL or EL alone , to be both effective and accepted when delivering cephalometric education to undergraduates ."
205,Abstract #205,"impact of psychotherapeutic support on survival for patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing surgery was studied . randomized controlled trial was conducted in cooperation with the Departments of General Surgery and Medical Psychology , University Hospital of Hamburg , Germany , from January 1991 to January 1993 . patients ( N = 271 ) with a preliminary diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus , stomach , liver/gallbladder , pancreas , or colon/rectum were stratified by sex and randomly assigned to a control group that received standard care as provided on the surgical wards , or to an experimental group that received formal psychotherapeutic support in addition to routine care during the hospital stay . June 2003 to December 2003 , the 10-year follow-up was conducted . status for all patients was determined from our own records and from three external sources : the Hamburg cancer registry , family doctors , and the general citizen registration offices . survival curves demonstrated better survival for the experimental group than the control group . unadjusted significance level for group differences was P = .0006 for survival to 10 years . regression models that took TNM staging or the residual tumor classification and tumor site into account also found significant differences at 10 years . analyses found that differences in favor of the experimental group occurred in patients with stomach , pancreatic , primary liver , or colorectal cancer . results of this study indicate that patients with gastrointestinal cancer , who undergo surgery for stomach , pancreatic , primary liver , or colorectal cancer , benefit from a formal program of psychotherapeutic support during the inpatient hospital stay in terms of long-term survival ."
206,Abstract #206,"determine the effect of B vitamin treatment on the incidence of cancer among patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack . total of 8164 patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with 1 tablet daily of placebo or B vitamins ( 2 mg folic acid , 25 mg vitamin B ( 6 ) , 500 g vitamin B ( 12 ) ) and followed for a median of 3.4 years for any cancer as an adverse event . was no significant difference in the incidence of any cancer among participants assigned B vitamins compared with placebo ( 4.04 % versus 4.59 % ; risk ratio , 0.86 ; 95 % CI , 0.70-1 .07 ) and no difference in cancer mortality ( 2.35 % versus 2.09 % ; risk ratio , 1.09 ; 0.81-1 .46 ) . 1899 patients with diabetes , the incidence of cancer was higher among participants assigned B vitamins compared with placebo ( 5.35 % versus 3.28 % ; adjusted risk ratio , 2.21 ; 1.31-3 .73 ) , whereas among 6168 patients without diabetes , the incidence of cancer was lower among participants assigned B vitamins compared with placebo ( 3.66 % versus 5.03 % ; adjusted risk ratio , 0.67 ; 0.51-0 .87 ; P for interaction = 0.0001 ) . administration of folic acid , vitamin B ( 6 ) , and vitamin B ( 12 ) to 8164 patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack for a median of 3.4 years had no significant effect , compared with placebo , on cancer incidence or mortality . , a post hoc subgroup analysis raises the hypothesis that folic acid treatment may increase the incidence of cancer among diabetics and reduce the incidence of cancer among nondiabetics with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack ."
207,Abstract #207,"efficacy of antihypertensive drugs newer than diuretics and beta-blockers has not been established . compared the effects of the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine once daily with the diuretic combination co-amilozide on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients with hypertension . did a prospective , randomised , double-blind trial in Europe and Israel in 6321 patients aged 55-80 years with hypertension ( blood pressure > or = 150/95 mm Hg , or > or = 160 mm Hg systolic ) . had at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor . randomly assigned patients nifedipine 30 mg in a long-acting gastrointestinal-transport-system ( GITS ) formulation ( n = 3157 ) , or co-amilozide ( hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg [ corrected ] plus amiloride 2.5 mg ; n = 3164 ) . titration was by dose doubling , and addition of atenolol 25-50 mg or enalapril 5-10 mg . primary outcome was cardiovascular death , myocardial infarction , heart failure , or stroke . was done by intention to treat . outcomes occurred in 200 ( 6.3 % ) patients in the nifedipine group and in 182 ( 5.8 % ) in the co-amilozide group ( 18.2 vs 16.5 events per 1000 patient-years ; relative risk 1.10 [ 95 % CI 0.91-1 .34 ] , p = 0.35 ) . mean blood pressure fell from 173/99 mm Hg ( SD 14/8 ) to 138/82 mm Hg ( 12/7 ) . was an 8 % excess of withdrawals from the nifedipine group because of peripheral oedema ( 725 vs 518 , p < 0.0001 ) , but serious adverse events were more frequent in the co-amilozide group ( 880 vs 796 , p = 0.02 ) . were mainly non-vascular ( nifedipine 176 vs co-amilozide 172 ; p = 0.81 ) . % of the primary events occurred in patients receiving randomised treatment ( 157 nifedipine , 147 co-amilozide , difference 0.33 % [ -0.7 to 1.4 ] ) . once daily and co-amilozide were equally effective in preventing overall cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications . choice of drug can be decided by tolerability and blood-pressure response rather than long-term safety or efficacy ."
208,Abstract #208,"compare in a randomized study the efficacy and the toxicity of the new WHO intravenous quinine treatment of cerebral malaria including a loading dose regimen to a regimen without loading dose . children eight months to 15 years of age with cerebral malaria were included . formiate was administered to a group of 35 patients in an initial loading dose of 20 mg salt/kg ( equivalent to 17.5 mg/kg of the base ) in 10 mL/kg of 5 % glucose over four hours , followed eight hours later by a maintenance dose quinine of 10 mg salt/kg ( equivalent to 8.7 mg/kg of the base ) dissolved in 15 mL/kg of 5 % glucose over and every 12 hours . second group of 37 patients received intravenous quinine 15 mg salt/kg ( 13.1 mg of base ) dissolved in 15 mL/kg of 5 % glucose infused over 6 to 8 hours , every 12 hours . both groups this treatment was continued until the patient could swallow , then quinine tablets were given to complete seven days treatment . assessment of cardiovascular side effects was made by an ECG at admission , the 4th hour , the 24th hour and at the end of treatment for each patient . mean durations were similar in the two groups : 35.5 + / - 17.8 hours and 28.6 + / - 14.4 hours respectively for the loading dose group and the group without loading dose . two groups were comparable also for the decrease evolution of parasitemia . rates were also similar : 95 % of healing at the 72nd hour and a lethality rate between 5 and 6 % in the two groups . a significant increase of the body temperature was noted between the 51st and the 63rd hour in the group without loading dose . significant cardiovascular toxicity was noticed in the two groups . mean cost of the loading dose regimen was less than that of the second regimen . loading dose regimen of quinine is well tolerated and it seemed slightly more effective than the regimen without loading dose . cases of contra-indications ( patients who recently received quinine , mefloquine or halofantrine ) , regimens without loading dose , which remains effective , should be used ."
209,Abstract #209,"investigate whether image quality in storage phosphor urography can be maintained when the X-ray tube voltage is significantly lowered to give a lower patient dose . phantom studies were used to establish exposure settings at 53 kV that gave signal-to-noise ratios for contrast media structures equivalent to those obtained at the reference kilovoltage of 69 kV . area product and image quality , assessed by image quality criteria and visual grading , were then recorded for 44 patients drawn at random to be examined by either the standard or modified technique . dose could be reduced by more than 30 % without any significant change in image quality in manually controlled exposures and by 13 % in exposures controlled by AEC . might be possible to lower the tube voltage in digital examinations involving contrast media as a means of lowering patient dose . image display parameters need to be adjusted to maintain image quality ."
210,Abstract #210,"investigate , in primary health care , differentiated levels of prevention directed at skin cancer , and how the propensity of the patients to change sun habits/sun protection behaviour and attitudes towards sunbathing were affected , three years after intervention . , the impact of the performance of a phototest as a complementary tool for prevention was evaluated . controlled study . and subjects . three weeks in February , all patients 18 years of age registering at a primary health care centre in southern Sweden were asked to fill in a questionnaire mapping sun exposure habits , attitudes towards sunbathing , and readiness to increase sun protection according to the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change ( TTM ) ( n = 316 ) . were randomized into three intervention groups , for which sun protection advice was given , in Group 1 by means of a letter , and in Groups 2 and 3 orally during a personal GP consultation . 3 also underwent a phototest to demonstrate individual skin UV sensitivity . of sun habits/sun protection behaviour and attitudes , measured by five-point Likert scale scores and readiness to increase sun protection according to the TTM , three years after intervention , by a repeated questionnaire . the letter group , almost no improvement in sun protection occurred . the two doctor 's consultation groups , significantly increased sun protection was demonstrated for several items , but the difference compared with the letter group was significant only for sunscreen use . performance of a phototest did not appear to reinforce the impact of intervention . protection advice , mediated personally by the GP during a doctor 's consultation , can lead to improvement in sun protection over a prolonged time period ."
211,Abstract #211,"of gout can arise due to either overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid . all available urate-lowering therapies are equally effective and safe for use in patients with renal disease . objective of this post-hoc analysis was to determine the effectiveness of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat in reducing serum urate ( sUA ) levels in gouty patients who were either overproducers or underexcretors . subjects 18 to 85 years of age with sUA 8.0 mg/dl at baseline were enrolled in a Phase 2 , 28-day , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial and randomized to receive febuxostat 40 mg , 80 mg , or 120 mg daily , or placebo . primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of subjects with sUA < 6.0 mg/dl at Day 28 . efficacy endpoints included percentage reductions in sUA and urinary uric acid ( uUA ) from baseline to Day 28 . the 153 subjects , 118 ( 77 % ) were underexcretors ( uUA 800 mg/24 h ) and 32 ( 21 % ) were overproducers ( uUA > 800 mg/24 h ) ; baseline uUA data were missing for 3 subjects . with febuxostat led to the majority of subjects achieving sUA < 6.0 mg/dl at Day 28 . with any dose of febuxostat led to significantly greater percentage reductions in uUA than that observed in the placebo group , for both underexcretors and overproducers . is a highly efficacious urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout regardless of overproduction or underexcretion status ."
212,Abstract #212,"aim was to estimate the costs and health benefits of routinely administered postoperative amiodarone as a prophylactic agent in reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer . was a cost-effectiveness study , based on the randomized , controlled , double-blinded PASCART study , using avoidance of atrial fibrillation as the measure of benefit . hundred and fifty-four eligible , consecutively enrolled patients , undergoing surgery for lung cancer at the department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery , Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark , were included and randomized to receive either 300 mg of amiodarone or placebo ( 5 % aqueous dextrose solution ) , administered intravenously over 20 min immediately after surgery , followed by 600 mg of amiodarone/placebo orally twice per day ( 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. ) for the first five postoperative days . the amiodarone group there were 11 cases of atrial fibrillation , compared with 38 in the control group ( P < 0.001 ) . were no differences in the length of hospital stay or resources used . mean total costs per patient were equal and amounted to 7288 per patient ( P = 0.23 ) . were no signs of adverse developments referable to amiodarone in this prophylactic regime . patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer , routine use of postoperative prophylactic intravenous bolus and five subsequent days of oral amiodarone therapy reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation in a cost-neutral manner ."
213,Abstract #213,"ultrasound therapy is used to treat calcific tendinitis of the shoulder , its efficacy has not been rigorously evaluated . conducted a randomized , double-blind comparison of ultrasonography and sham insonation in patients with symptomatic calcific tendinitis verified by radiography . were assigned to receive 24 15-minute sessions of either pulsed ultrasound ( frequency , 0.89 MHz ; intensity , 2.5 W per square centimeter ; pulsed mode , 1:4 ) or an indistinguishable sham treatment to the area over the calcification . first 15 treatments were given daily ( five times per week ) , and the remainder were given three times a week for three weeks . was conducted according to shoulders rather than patients , so a patient with bilateral tendinitis might receive either or both therapies . enrolled 63 consecutive patients ( 70 shoulders ) . patients ( 61 shoulders ) completed the study . were 32 shoulders in the ultrasound-treatment group and 29 in the sham-treatment group . six weeks of treatment , calcium deposits had resolved in six shoulders ( 19 percent ) in the ultrasound-treatment group and decreased by at least 50 percent in nine shoulders ( 28 percent ) , as compared with respective values of zero and three ( 10 percent ) in the sham-treatment group ( P = 0.003 ) . the nine-month follow-up visit , calcium deposits had resolved in 13 shoulders ( 42 percent ) in the ultrasound-treatment group and improved in 7 shoulders ( 23 percent ) , as compared with respective values of 2 ( 8 percent ) and 3 ( 12 percent ) in the sham-treatment group ( P = 0.002 ) . the end of treatment , patients who had received ultrasound treatment had greater decreases in pain and greater improvements in the quality of life than those who had received sham treatment ; at nine months , the differences between the groups were no longer significant . patients with symptomatic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder , ultrasound treatment helps resolve calcifications and is associated with short-term clinical improvement ."
214,Abstract #214,"botulinum toxin A is frequently used to augment serial casting in the treatment of soft-tissue contractures in children with cerebral palsy , its effectiveness for this purpose has not been evaluated . purpose of the present study was to determine whether botulinum toxin A injection increases the efficacy of serial casting . prospective , randomized trial was undertaken to compare serial casting only with serial casting combined with botulinum toxin A ( Botox ) injection for the treatment of ankle equinus contractures in twenty-three children with cerebral palsy . testing , spasticity assessment , and computerized gait analysis were performed as long as twelve months after treatment . was no difference between the groups with regard to the duration of casting required to correct the equinus contracture . groups maintained a significant improvement in passive ankle dorsiflexion throughout the follow-up period , although the group managed with casting and Botox had a significant loss of dorsiflexion when the values at six , nine , and twelve months were compared with the value at three months . dorsiflexion during the stance and swing phases was significantly improved in both groups at three months but only in the group managed with casting alone at twelve months . flexor spasticity was significantly decreased at three months in both groups , but it was significantly decreased at six , nine , and twelve months only in the group managed with casting alone . was significantly greater in the group managed with casting and Botox than it was in the group managed with casting only at six , nine , and twelve months . present study demonstrates the efficacy of serial casting in the treatment of equinus contractures in children with cerebral palsy who are able to walk . to our hypothesis , the addition of botulinum toxin A to a serial casting regimen led to earlier recurrence of spasticity , contracture , and equinus during gait . results of the present study suggest that botulinum toxin combined with serial casting for the treatment of fixed contractures will lead to a recurrence of plantar flexor spasticity and equinus contracture by six months in this patient population . previous research has indicated that the injection of botulinum toxin A is superior to casting for the treatment of dynamic equinus , the present study suggests that serial casting alone is preferable for the treatment of fixed equinus contractures in children with cerebral palsy ."
215,Abstract #215,"goal of this study was to determine stimulant effects on story grammar , comprehension , and errors in the narratives of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) with and without comorbid language impairment . research has demonstrated impairments in the narrative abilities of children with ADHD , but the effect of the primary treatment modality ( methylphenidate ) is unknown . children with ADHD ( 7 to 12 years of age ) were stratified for language impairment that might influence performance . an acute , randomized , placebo-controlled crossover trial with two single doses ( 10 and 20 mg ) of methylphenidate , the children listened to an audiotaped story while viewing a wordless picture book of the study , then retold the story and answered comprehension questions . narratives were transcribed and coded for story grammar , length , and errors . only increased children 's reporting of the story characters ' internal responses and attempts . had no effect on story length or responses to comprehension questions . to the factual questions were significantly more accurate than the inferential questions , irrespective of medication dose . language impairment had no effect on performance or stimulant response . grammar analysis was sensitive to drug effects , which were subtle but specific and clinically meaningful . provide evidence for the theoretical linkage between internal responses and attempts ."
216,Abstract #216,"examine the effects of aerobic exercise or vitamin B supplementation on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) . placebo-controlled trial . community . adults aged 70-80 with MCI . : The 152 participants were randomly assigned to two 1 ) a twice-weekly , group-based , moderate-intensity walking programme ( WP , n = 77 ) or a low-intensity placebo activity programme ( n = 75 ) for one year ; and ( 2 ) daily vitamin pill containing 5 mg folic acid , 0.4 mg vitamin B-12 , 50 mg vitamin B-6 ( FA/B12/B6 , n = 78 ) or placebo pill ( n = 74 ) for one year . function , measured with neuropsychological tests at baseline and after six and 12 months . session attendance at the exercise programmes ( 25th-75th percentile ) was 63 % ( 2 % -81 % ) and median compliance with taking pills ( 25th-75th percentile ) was 100 % ( 99 % -100 % ) . was an effect modifier . analysis revealed no main intervention effect for either intervention . women in the WP , attention ( Stroop combination task ) improved by 0.3 seconds ( p = 0.04 ) and memory ( auditory verbal learning test ) by 0.04 words ( p = 0.06 ) with each percentage increase in session attendance . men attending at least 75 % of the sessions , the WP improved memory ( beta 1.5 ( 95 % CI : 0.1 to 3.0 ) words ) . walking programme and/or FA/B12/B6 supplementation were not effective in improving cognition within one year . walking programme , however , was efficacious in improving memory in men and memory and attention in women with better adherence . Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register , 19227688 , http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/"
217,Abstract #217,"determine whether intraocular lidocaine increases patient comfort during cataract surgery while under topical anesthesia . , randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled clinical trial . men and women between 45 and 85 years of age who were scheduled for elective cataract surgery while under topical anesthesia participated . patients were randomized to each group . were randomized to receive either topical anesthesia plus intracameral 1 % preservative-free lidocaine or intracameral balanced salt solution . assessment of pain during delivery of the anesthesia , surgery , and after surgery using a visual analog pain scale was measured . also recorded the degree to which they were bothered by tissue manipulation and the microscope light . assessments of operative conditions , patient cooperation , and intraoperative complications were recorded . attending anesthesiologist recorded any required supplemental intravenous sedation and any increase in pulse or increase in blood pressure . was no significant difference in patient-reported pain scores for delivery of anesthesia ( P = 0.902 ) , surgery ( P = 0.170 ) , or after surgery ( P = 0.680 ) . in the lidocaine group reported being less bothered by tissue manipulation ( P = 0.021 ) . surgeon assessment showed more patient cooperation in the lidocaine group ( P = 0.043 ) . topical anesthesia alone and topical anesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine provide good operative conditions for the surgeon and comfortable surgical circumstances for the patient . of intraocular lidocaine increases patient cooperation and decreases the degree to which patients are bothered by tissue manipulation , two outcomes that justify its use ."
218,Abstract #218,"aim of this double-blind randomised vaccine-controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of a conjugate vaccine composed of Shigella sonnei O-specific polysaccharide bound to Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A ( S sonnei-rEPA ) and of an oral , live-attenuated Escherichia coli/S flexneri 2a ( EcSf2a-2 ) hybrid vaccine among military recruits in Israel at high risk of exposure to Shigella spp . report here our preliminary findings on the efficacy of S sonnei-rEPA ; we have not documented sufficient cases to assess the efficacy of EcSf2a-2 . April , 1993 , and August , 1994 , male Israeli Military recruits aged 18-22 years were asked to take part in our study . enrolled 1446 soldiers from seven separate field sites ( groups A-G ) . were randomly allocated one injection of S sonnei-rEPA and four doses of oral placebo ( n = 576 ) , four oral doses of EcSf2a-2 and one injection of saline placebo ( n = 580 ) , or one injection of meningococcal tetravalent control vaccine and four doses of oral placebo ( n = 290 ) . there were no cases of S flexneri 2a , the EcSf2a-2 and meningococcal vaccines were the control group . defined S sonnei shigellosis as diarrhoea with a positive faecal culture for S sonnei . group of soldiers was followed up for 2.5-7 .0 months . primary endpoint was protective efficacy of S sonnei-rEPA against S sonnei shigellosis . of culture-proven S sonnei shigellosis occurred in four groups of soldiers ( groups A-D ) , which comprised 787 volunteers ( 312 received S sonnei-rEPA , 316 received EcSf2a-2 , and 159 received meningococcal control vaccine ) . groups A-C , cases of shigellosis occurred 70-155 days after vaccination , whereas in group D cases occurred after 1-17 days . groups A-C , the attack rate of shigellosis was 2.2 % in recipients of S sonnei-rEPA compared with 8.6 % in controls ( protective efficacy 74 % [ 95 % CI 28-100 ] , p = 0.006 ) . sonnei-rEPA also showed significant protection against shigellosis in group D ( 43 % [ 4-82 ] , p = 0.039 ) . and postvaccination ELISA measurements of antibody to S sonnei lipopolysaccharide among recipients of S sonnei-rEPA showed that the vaccinees who developed S sonnei shigellosis had significantly lower serum IgG and IgA responses to the homologous lipopolysaccharide than those who did not ( p = < 0.05 ) . injection of S sonnei-rEPA confers type-specific protection against S sonnei shigellosis . high antibody concentration induced by the conjugate vaccine in volunteers who did not develop shigellosis suggests that there is an association between serum antibody titre and protection ."
219,Abstract #219,"compare the effectiveness of goserelin and danazol prior to endometrial laser ablation and assess different dosage regimens . prospective open randomised trial . unit in minimal access gynaecological surgery in a district general hospital . hundred and sixty premenopausal women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding . into four groups receiving either one or two injections of goserelin acetate ( 3.6 mg subcutaneously ) or 28 or 56 days of danazol ( four 200 mg tablets daily ) , followed by endometrial laser ablation . thickness pretreatment and , immediately prior to endometrial laser ablation , assessed by vaginal ultrasound and full thickness endometrial biopsy ; appearance of the endometrium at surgery ; duration of the operation ; the amount of fluid absorbed during surgery ; and the clinical outcome at 24 weeks after surgery . two drugs were equally effective in thinning the endometrium . with danazol , goserelin was better tolerated and resulted in a more satisfactory endometrial appearance at hysteroscopy , a greater reduction in cavity length ( 0.5 cm compared with 0.3 cm , P = 0.002 ) , a shorter operation ( 16.4 min compared with 21.6 min , P < 0.001 ) , less fluid absorption ( 0 ml compared with 200 ml , P = 0.001 ) , and a higher rate of amenorrhoea or oligoamenorrhoea ( 77 % compared with 54 % , P < 0.001 ) at the six month check . administration of goserelin for 8 weeks compared with 4 weeks produced greater thinning of the endometrium on ultrasound and on histological examination , a greater reduction in cavity length on ultrasound and an increase in reported vasomotor symptoms . both treatment regimens , 95 % of women reported a satisfactory reduction in menstrual flow at the six month check . appears to be more effective and better tolerated than danazol for treatment prior to endometrial laser ablation . weeks treatment with goserelin resulted in better operating conditions and more vasomotor side effect , compared with four weeks treatment , although there was no difference in clinical outcome ."
220,Abstract #220,"heart failure ( CHF ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that requires a novel approach to therapy . is an antianginal drug that augments glucose metabolism by blocking muscle mitochondrial free fatty acid uptake , thereby increasing metabolic efficiency . assessed the effects of perhexiline treatment in CHF patients . a double-blind fashion , we randomly assigned patients with optimally medicated CHF to either perhexiline ( n = 28 ) or placebo ( n = 28 ) . primary end point was peak exercise oxygen consumption ( VO2max ) , an important prognostic marker . addition , the effect of perhexiline on myocardial function and quality of life was assessed . stress echocardiography with tissue Doppler measurements was used to assess regional myocardial function in patients with ischemic CHF . magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess the effect of perhexiline on skeletal muscle energetics in patients with nonischemic CHF . with perhexiline led to significant improvements in VO2max ( 16.1 + / -0.6 to 18.8 + / -1.1 mL . ( -1 ) . ( -1 ) ; P < 0.001 ) , quality of life ( Minnesota score reduction from 45 + / -5 to 34 + / -5 ; P = 0.04 ) , and left ventricular ejection fraction ( 24 + / -1 % to 34 + / -2 % ; P < 0.001 ) . treatment also increased resting and peak dobutamine stress regional myocardial function ( by 15 % and 24 % , respectively ) and normalized skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery after exercise . were no adverse effects during the treatment period . patients with CHF , metabolic modulation with perhexiline improved VO2max , left ventricular ejection fraction , symptoms , resting and peak stress myocardial function , and skeletal muscle energetics . may therefore represent a novel treatment for CHF with a good safety profile , provided that the dosage is adjusted according to plasma levels ."
221,Abstract #221,"for beneficial effects of squalene on ultraviolet ( UV ) - induced photoageing of the skin is lacking . investigate whether squalene supplementation improves signs and molecular markers of photoageing in human skin in vivo . total , 40 female volunteers aged > 50 years received two different doses [ 13.5 g/day ( low-dose group ) and 27 g/day ( high-dose group ) ] of squalene for 90 days . baseline and at the completion of the study , facial wrinkles were measured using skin replicas . samples were taken to compare type I procollagen and matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA levels by real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR , and for type I procollagen immunostaining . samples were also taken 24 h after 2 x minimal erythema dose ( MED ) of UV irradiation before and after squalene intake to assess UV-induced thymine dimer formation and keratinocytic apoptosis . total , 37 subjects completed the trial . loose stool was experienced by 35 % of volunteers in the low-dose group and 55 % in the high-dose group . wrinkles decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in the high-dose group , while procollagen type I mRNA levels and MED increased significantly in the low-dose group . immunostaining tended to increase in both groups . erythema decreased and pigmentation increased significantly in both groups . keratinocytic apoptosis and thymine dimer staining were substantially reduced in both groups . ingestion of 13.5 or 27 g of squalene per day resulted in antiageing effects in photoaged skin . , in view of the frequent incidence of loose stool experienced by the subjects , the risk-benefit ratio of high-dose squalene supplementation is too high to recommend it for treating skin ageing ."
222,Abstract #222,"determine the impact of ranibizumab on driving status , driving ability perception , and having 20/40 vision or better in patients with choroidal neovascularization resulting from age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . III , multicenter , randomized clinical trials ( Minimally Classic/Occult Trial of the Anti-VEGF Antibody Ranibizumab in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration [ MARINA ] and Anti-VEGF Antibody for the Treatment of Predominantly Classic Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration [ ANCHOR ] ) . thousand one hundred twenty-six patients with choroidal neovascularization resulting from AMD . were assigned randomly to sham ( n = 238 ) , 0.3-mg ranibizumab monthly injections ( n = 238 ) , or 0.5-mg ranibizumab monthly injections ( n = 240 ) for 24 months ( MARINA ) , or were randomized to verteporfin photodynamic therapy ( PDT ; n = 143 ) , 0.3-mg ranibizumab monthly injections ( n = 140 ) , or 0.5-mg ranibizumab monthly injections ( n = 140 ) for 24 months ( ANCHOR ) . driving status and driving ability perception were assessed as exploratory outcomes at baseline through 24 months after baseline using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire . visual acuity in each eye was assessed monthly through 24 months . baseline , 68.6 % of patients in the MARINA trial and 62.7 % of patients in the ANCHOR trial reported driving . patients driving at baseline in the MARINA trial 2 years after randomization , 67.2 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 59.2-75 .2 ) of sham patients and 78.4 % ( 95 % CI , 71.8-85 .0 ) of 0.5-mg patients reported that they were still driving . patients driving at baseline in the ANCHOR trial at 2 years after randomization , 71.6 % ( 95 % CI , 60.8-82 .4 ) of PDT patients and 91.4 % ( 95 % CI , 85.3-97 .5 ) of 0.5-mg patients were still driving . in the ANCHOR trial , ranibizumab-treated patients who were not driving at baseline seemed more likely to drive by months 12 and 24 than PDT patients . of driving ability was correlated with improvement in visual acuity ( VA ) in the better-seeing eye at 12 and 24 months ( R2 = 0.17 and R2 = 0.20 at 12 and 24 months , respectively [ P < 0.001 ] , in the MARINA trial ; R2 = 0.13 and R2 = 0.14 , respectively [ P < 0.001 ] , in the ANCHOR trial ) . acuity in one or both eyes 2 years after randomization was more likely to be 20/40 or better in the ranibizumab-treated groups . results suggest that patients with neovascular AMD treated with ranibizumab are more likely to report driving ability and have vision of at least 20/40 than patients given sham treatment or PDT . or commercial disclosure may be found after the references ."
223,Abstract #223,"than 2 million U.S. women receive an equivocal cervical cytologic diagnosis ( atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ ASCUS ] ) each year . colposcopy triage strategies are needed to identify the minority of women who have clinically significant disease while avoiding excessive follow-up evaluation for others . ASCUS/LSIL ( i.e. , low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ) Triage Study ( ALTS ) is a multicenter , randomized trial comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the following three management strategies to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 ( CIN3 ) : 1 ) immediate colposcopy ( considered to be the reference standard ) , 2 ) triage to colposcopy based on human papillomavirus ( HPV ) results from Hybrid Capture 2 ( TM ) ( HC 2 ) and thin-layer cytology results , or 3 ) triage based on cytology results alone . article summarizes the cross-sectional enrollment results for 3488 women with a referral diagnosis of ASCUS . statistical tests are two-sided . participants with ASCUS , the underlying prevalence of histologically confirmed CIN3 was 5.1 % . to detect CIN3 or above by testing for cancer-associated HPV DNA was 96.3 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 91.6 % to 98.8 % ) , with 56.1 % of women referred to colposcopy . of a single repeat cytology specimen with a triage threshold of HSIL or above was 44.1 % ( 95 % CI = 35.6 % to 52.9 % ) , with 6.9 % referred . of a lower cytology triage threshold of ASCUS or above was 85.3 % ( 95 % CI = 78.2 % to 90.8 % ) , with 58.6 % referred . 2 testing for cancer-associated HPV DNA is a viable option in the management of women with ASCUS . has greater sensitivity to detect CIN3 or above and specificity comparable to a single additional cytologic test indicating ASCUS or above ."
224,Abstract #224,"purpose of this study was to test the effect of different periods of accelerated artificial daylight aging on bond strength of glass fiber bundles embedded into maxillofacial silicone elastomer and on bending strength of the glass fiber bundles . specimens were fabricated by embedding resin-impregnated fiber bundles ( 1.5-mm diameter , 20-mm long ) into maxillofacial silicone elastomer . were randomly allocated into four groups , and each group was subjected to different periods of accelerated daylight aging as follows ( in hours ) ; 0 , 200 , 400 , and 600 . aging cycle included continuous exposure to quartz-filtered visible daylight ( irradiance 760 W/m ( 2 ) ) under an alternating weathering cycle ( wet for 18 minutes , dry for 102 minutes ) . tests were performed to evaluate bond strength between fiber bundles and silicone using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed . a three-point bending test was performed to evaluate bending strength of the fiber bundles . ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were carried out to detect statistical significance ( p < 0.05 ) . ( SD ) values of maximum pull-out forces ( in N ) for groups 1 to 4 were : 13.63 ( 7.45 ) , 19.67 ( 1.37 ) , 13.58 ( 2.61 ) , and 10.37 ( 2.52 ) . 2 exhibited the highest pull-out force that was statistically significant when compared to the other groups . bending strengths of fiber bundles were in the range of 917.72 MPa to 1124.06 MPa . strength significantly increased after 200 and 400 hours of aging only . 200 hours of exposure to artificial daylight and moisture conditions , bond strength between glass fibers and heat-cured silicones is optimal , and the bending strength of the glass fiber bundles is enhanced ."
225,Abstract #225,"Clinical Trials Group ( ACTG ) A5199 compared the neurological and neuropsychological ( NP ) effects of 3 antiretroviral regimens in participants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) in resource-limited settings . from Brazil , India , Malawi , Peru , South Africa , Thailand , and Zimbabwe were randomized to 3 antiretroviral treatment arms : A ( lamivudine-zidovudine plus efavirenz , n = 289 ) , B ( atazanavir , emtricitabine , and didanosine-EC , n = 293 ) , and C ( emtricitabine-tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate plus efavirenz , n = 278 ) as part of the ACTG PEARLS study ( A5175 ) . neurological and neuropsychological ( NP ) screening examinations ( grooved pegboard , timed gait , semantic verbal fluency , and finger tapping ) were administered every 24 weeks from February 2006 to May 2010 . with neurological and neuropsychological function were estimated from linear and logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations . median weeks on study was 168 ( Q1 = 96 , Q3 = 192 ) for the 860 participants . test scores improved ( P < .05 ) with the exception of semantic verbal fluency . differences in neurological and neuropsychological functioning between treatment regimens were detected ( P > .10 ) . country effects were noted on all NP tests and neurological outcomes ( P < .01 ) . study detected no significant differences in neuropsychological and neurological outcomes between randomized ART regimens . improvement occurred in neurocognitive and neurological functioning over time after initiation of ARTs . etiology of these improvements is likely multifactorial , reflecting reduced central nervous system HIV infection , better general health , and practice effects . study suggests that treatment with either of the World Health Organization - recommended first-line antiretroviral regimens in resource-limited settings will improve neuropsychological functioning and reduce neurological dysfunction . ."
226,Abstract #226,"drugs are generally given to patients undergoing colonoscopy . , the benefit of routinely administered conscious sedation for colonoscopy has not been studied in adequately controlled trials . randomly assigned 180 patients scheduled for diagnostic colonoscopy into 3 groups : ( 1 ) sedation with intravenous midazolam ( midazolam group ) ; ( 2 ) sedation with intravenous saline ( placebo group ) ; and ( 3 ) no intravenous cannula ( control group ) . endoscopist assessed the procedure immediately after the examination . patients completed a questionnaire before leaving the endoscopy unit . questionnaire was sent to the patients 2 weeks after the examination . were mainly given on a 100 mm visual analog scale . after the procedure , the patients in the midazolam group rated the examination less difficult than those in the placebo group ( 30 vs. 40 mm ; p < 0.05 ; visual analog scale , 0 to 100 mm : 0 = not at all , 100 = extremely ) . , no significant difference was found between midazolam and control groups ( 30 vs. 36 mm , respectively ) . , there were no differences between the three groups with respect to the patients ' or endoscopists ' assessments or the examination time . administered sedation does not markedly increase patient tolerance or make colonoscopy technically easier ."
227,Abstract #227,"evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of tofogliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents , we conducted 52-week , open-label , randomized controlled trials . single-agent trial included patients with inadequate glycemic control on diet and exercise , whereas the add-on trial included those uncontrolled with any of the oral antidiabetic agents . both trials , patients were randomly assigned to receive tofogliflozin 20 or 40 mg once daily orally for 52 weeks . assessments . total of 194 patients ( 65 , 20-mg group ; 129 , 40-mg group ) were enrolled into the single-agent trial , whereas 602 ( 178 and 424 , respectively ) were enrolled into the add-on trial . was well tolerated for 52 weeks in both trials with < 6 % of treatment discontinuation because of adverse events in each treatment group . also reduced hemoglobin A1c . the single-agent trial , mean reductions at 52 weeks were 0.67 and 0.66 % in the 20 - and 40-mg groups , respectively . the add-on trial , mean reductions ranged from 0.71 to 0.93 % across the subgroups by dose and background therapy . was well tolerated and showed sustained efficacy in both trials ."
228,Abstract #228,"dose-intensity with chemotherapeutic agents is hindered by a number of adverse effects including asthenia/fatigue . necrosis factor ( TNF ) is one of the cytokines responsible for the fatigue and cachexia associated with malignancies . used etanercept ( TNF-decoy receptor ) to maintain dose-intensity of weekly docetaxel . , 12 patients with advanced malignancies were randomly assigned to either docetaxel 43 mg/m2 weekly alone ( cohort A ) or the same docetaxel dose plus etanercept 25 mg subcutaneously twice weekly ( cohort B ) . , higher doses of docetaxel in combination with etanercept were evaluated . ( PKs ) , nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-kappaB ) activation , and intracellular cytokines levels were measured . completed weekly questionnaires quantifying asthenia/fatigue . of 36 intended docetaxel doses during the first cycle were delivered in cohort A , and 35 of 36 doses were delivered in cohort B ( P = .055 ) . cohort B patients received additional cycles in the absence of disease progression or severe toxicity , whereas no patients from cohort A received additional cycles . to docetaxel 52 mg/m2 weekly with etanercept resulted in neutropenia , not fatigue , as the limiting adverse effect , and the addition of filgrastim permitted the maintenance of dose-intensity in additional patients . randomly selected to receive etanercept/docetaxel self-reported less fatigue ( P < .001 ) , and docetaxel PKs show no relevant influence of etanercept . activation and increased expression of TNF-alpha were associated with increments in docetaxel dose . activity was noticed exclusively in patients receiving etanercept . addition of etanercept is safe and had no impact on docetaxel concentrations . significant improvement in tolerability and the trend toward preservation of dose-intensity suggests further exploration of TNF blockade as an adjunct to cancer therapies ."
229,Abstract #229,"determine the efficacy of an emulsion containing hyaluronic acid to reduce the development of Grade 2 radiation dermatitis after adjuvant breast radiation compared with best supportive care . with breast cancer who had undergone lumpectomy and were to receive whole-breast radiotherapy to 50 Gy with a 10 - to 16-Gy surgical bed boost were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of a hyaluronic acid-based gel ( RadiaPlex ) and a petrolatum-based gel ( Aquaphor ) for preventing the development of dermatitis . patient was randomly assigned to use hyaluronic acid gel on the medial half or the lateral half of the irradiated breast and to use the control gel on the other half . was graded weekly according to the Common Terminology Criteria v3 .0 by the treating physician , who was blinded as to which gel was used on which area of the breast . primary endpoint was development of Grade 2 dermatitis . study closed early on the basis of a recommendation from the Data and Safety Monitoring Board after 74 of the planned 92 patients were enrolled . skin treated with the hyaluronic acid gel developed a significantly higher rate of Grade 2 dermatitis than did skin treated with petrolatum gel : 61.5 % ( 40/65 ) vs. 47.7 % ( 31/65 ) ( p = 0.027 ) . one patient developed Grade 3 dermatitis using either gel . higher proportion of patients had worse dermatitis in the breast segment treated with hyaluronic acid gel than in that treated with petrolatum gel at the end of radiotherapy ( 42 % vs. 14 % , p = 0.003 ) . found no benefit from the use of a topical hyaluronic acid-based gel for reducing the development of Grade 2 dermatitis after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer . studies are needed to determine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid-based gel in controlling radiation dermatitis symptoms after they develop ."
230,Abstract #230,"investigate the effect of stress dose glucocorticoid on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) combined with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency ( CIRCI ) . early ARDS patients combined with CIRCI were screened by an adrenal corticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) test and randomly divided into treatment group ( hydrocortisone 100 mg intravenous , 3 times/day , consecutively for 7 days , n = 12 ) and control group ( equivalent normal saline , n = 14 ) . clinical data , changes of arterial blood gas , hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics were observed and recorded at admission and at 7 days after treatment . and shock-free days , ICU stay within 28 days after admission were recorded and 28-day mortality was used as judge prognosis index . rate in 45 early ARDS patients was 57.8 % ( 26 patients ) , and the shock rate was markedly higher in ARDS patients with CIRCI than patients without CIRCI ( 46.2 % vs 5/19 ) . were no significant differences in baseline parameters , oxygenation and illness severity between the treatment and control groups , except for markedly lower lactic level in the treatment group [ 2.7 ( 1.2 , 3.9 ) mmol/L vs 4.6 ( 2.5 , 6.3 ) mmol/L , P < 0.05 ] . 7 days of treatment , PaO2/FiO2 markedly increased , while heart rate obviously decreased in the both groups . with the control group , survival time of patients was significantly longer and shock rate of the patients was markedly lower in treatment group within 28 days ( 5/12 vs 10/14 , P < 0.05 ) . 28-day mortality , which were adjusted by baseline arterial lactic , was lower in the treatment group ( 2.6 / 12 ) than in the control group ( 5.8 / 14 ) while with no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) . was no significant difference in complication incidence between the two groups . dose glucocorticoid could reduce shock incidence and prolong survival time , and has a tendency of lower 28-day mortality in early ARDS patients combined with CIRCI ."
231,Abstract #231,"fracture is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people , for whom osteoporosis , the risk of falling and direct trauma to the hip during the fall are the major risk factors . hip protectors have been developed which reduce the risk of hip fracture after a fall . , compliance with their use is uncertain . addressed this issue in a sample of elderly Dorset rest home residents over a 3-month period . rest homes agreed to participate . the 288 female subjects approached , 141 gave their informed consent and 101 were allocated to the intervention arm of the study . ages ranged from 64 to 98 years , and 44 % reported a fall during the preceding 12 months . subject was fitted with three pairs of protector pads ( Sahvatex , Denmark ) sewn into specially designed undergarments . timed fortnightly visits were made to each subject to assess compliance for 12 weeks . subjects were compliant for the whole study period ; 54 wore the protector pads for less than a week , largely for reasons of poor fitting or discomfort ; the remainder withdrew at varying intervals between 1 and 12 weeks . the study period , there were nine recorded falls onto the hip , six of which occurred in women wearing protectors . resulted in hip fracture . 50 % of elderly rest home residents who are mentally able would wear hip protectors in order to prevent hip fractures . compliance drops to about 30 % . could be increased substantially if the pads and undergarments were modified to enhance their fit and to reduce the discomfort associated with their use ."
232,Abstract #232,"determine the mechanism by which 0.15 % unoprostone isopropyl reduces intraocular pressure ( IOP ) by studying 33 patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma . baseline , IOP was determined by pneumatonometry , aqueous flow and outflow facility by fluorophotometry , episcleral venous pressure by venomanometry , and uveoscleral outflow by mathematical calculation . was administered to one eye and placebo to the fellow eye of each patient twice daily in a randomized masked fashion . patients who demonstrated an IOP reduction of 3 mm Hg or more in either eye on day 5 + / - 1 ( n = 29 ) , determinations were repeated on that day and on day 28 + / - 2 . eyes were compared with control eyes , and treatment days were compared with baseline by paired t tests . with baseline , unoprostone significantly ( P < .001 ) reduced IOP by a mean + / - SEM of 5.6 + / - 0.4 mm Hg and 4.8 + / - 0.6 mm Hg on days 5 and 28 , respectively . change from baseline with unoprostone was significantly ( P < .001 ) greater than with placebo by 2.8 + / - 0.4 mm Hg on day 5 and by 3.2 + / - 0.5 mm Hg on day 28 . with baseline , unoprostone significantly ( P < / = .001 ) increased outflow facility by 0.05 + / - 0.01 and 0.08 + / - 0.02 microL.min ( -1 ) . Hg ( -1 ) on days 5 and 28 , respectively . baseline-adjusted between-treatment differences were significant ( P < / = .04 ) on day 28 ( 0.06 + / - 0.02 microL.min ( -1 ) . Hg ( -1 ) ) . measures were not different from placebo . responsive patients , unoprostone decreased IOP by increasing outflow facility ."
233,Abstract #233,"are vasoactive mediators involved in allergic reactions . applied on the skin or in the nose , bradykinin ( BK ) elicits inflammation that is poorly affected by previous H1-blockade . aim of this study was to compare the possible effect of cetirizine ( an H1-antagonist ) on wheal and flare responses to BK , histamine , and compound 48/80 in atopic and healthy subjects . a randomized , double-blind , crossover study , eight atopic and eight healthy subjects received cetirizine ( 10 mg/day ) or placebo for 3 days before cutaneous tests . tests ( IDT ) and prick tests ( PT ) were performed with BK ( 20 nmol/ml for IDT and 20 micromol/ml for PT ) , histamine ( 100 microg/ml IDT and 100 mg/ml PT ) , and compound 48/80 ( 100 microg/ml IDT and 100 mg/ml PT ) as positive controls and saline as negative control . skin responses were monitored by measurement of wheal and flare areas . , histamine , and 48/80 induced wheal and flare reactions in all placebo-treated subjects . elicited larger wheal and flare reactions than BK and 48/80 . with BK induced four - to six-fold larger wheal and flare reaction than PT . differences in BK-induced wheal and flare were observed between atopic and healthy subjects . atopic subjects , cetirizine induced a significant reduction of flare reactions after the BK test ( 80 % for IDT , and 94 % for PT [ P < 0.01 ] ) . , cetirizine reduced significantly BK-induced wheals by 70 % for IDT ( P < 0.01 ) and 65 % for PT ( P < 0.01 ) . similar inhibiting effect of cetirizine was also observed in healthy subjects . findings showed that the wheal and flare reactions induced by BK challenge were markedly inhibited by previous intake of cetirizine . mechanism by which this effect is mediated can not be established at present ."
234,Abstract #234,"study compared efficacy and safety of the selective relaxant binding agent sugammadex ( 2mg/kg ) with neostigmine ( 50g/kg ) for neuromuscular blockade ( NMB ) reversal in Chinese and Caucasian subjects . was a randomized , active-controlled , multicenter , safety-assessor-blinded study ( NCT00825812 ) in American Society of Anesthesiologists Class 1-3 subjects undergoing surgery with propofol anesthesia . 0.6 mg/kg was administered for endotracheal intubation , with 0.1-0 .2 mg/kg maintenance doses given as required . was monitored using TOF-Watch ( ) SX . second twitch reappearance , after last rocuronium dose , subjects received sugammadex 2mg/kg or neostigmine 50g/kg plus atropine 10-20g / kg , according to randomization . efficacy variable was time from sugammadex/neostigmine to recovery of the train-of-four ( TOF ) ratio to 0.9 . , 230 Chinese subjects ( sugammadex , n = 119 , neostigmine , n = 111 ) ; and 59 Caucasian subjects ( sugammadex , n = 29 , neostigmine , n = 30 ) had evaluable data . mean ( 95 % CI ) time to recovery to TOF ratio 0.9 was 1.6 ( 1.5-1 .7 ) min with sugammadex vs 9.1 ( 8.0-10 .3 ) min with neostigmine in Chinese subjects . times for Caucasian subjects were 1.4 ( 1.3-1 .5 ) min and 6.7 ( 5.5-8 .0 ) min , respectively . 2mg/kg was generally well tolerated , with no serious adverse events reported . was no residual NMB or recurrence of NMB . Chinese and Caucasian subjects recovered from NMB significantly faster after sugammadex 2mg/kg vs neostigmine 50g/kg , with a ~ 5.7 times ( p < 0.0001 ) faster recovery with sugammadex vs neostigmine in Chinese subjects . was generally well tolerated . Identifier : NCT00825812 ."
235,Abstract #235,"with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) and significant anxiety are less responsive to antidepressants than those without anxiety . this post hoc analysis of patients with insomnia and comorbid anxious depression , eszopiclone cotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) was compared with placebo cotherapy . were pooled from 2 randomized , double-blind , 8-week trials . trial ( conducted from January 2004 to October 2004 ) included patients with DSM-IV insomnia and comorbid MDD treated with fluoxetine concurrently with eszopiclone 3 mg/d or placebo . other trial ( conducted from July 2005 to April 2006 ) included patients with DSM-IV-TR insomnia and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder treated with escitalopram concurrently with eszopiclone 3 mg/d or placebo . depression was defined as a baseline 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS-17 ) score 14 ( excluding insomnia items ) and an anxiety/somatization factor score 7 . group differences were determined for mean changes in HDRS-17 scores ( with and without insomnia items ) , HDRS anxiety/somatization scores , and response and remission rates . of insomnia was assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index ( ISI ) . the combined dataset , 347 of 1,136 patients ( 30.5 % ) had insomnia and comorbid anxious depression . improvements in insomnia were observed for eszopiclone cotherapy relative to placebo cotherapy ( mean change from baseline on the ISI : -11.0 vs -7.8 , respectively ; P < .001 ) . were greater reductions in HDRS-17 scores at week 8 following cotherapy with eszopiclone compared with placebo when the insomnia items were included ( mean change : -14.1 vs -11.2 , respectively ; P < .01 ) or excluded ( -10.6 vs -8.9 ; P < .01 ) , but not for anxiety/somatization ( -4.3 vs -4.1 ; P = .23 ) . rates were greater for eszopiclone cotherapy than for placebo cotherapy ( 55.6 % vs 42.0 % , respectively ; P = .01 ; 50.0 % vs 44.4 % when insomnia items were removed ; P = .3 ) . rates were not significantly different ( 32.6 % vs 27.2 % , respectively ; P = .28 ) . this post hoc analysis of patients with insomnia and comorbid anxious depression derived from 2 trials , 8 weeks of eszopiclone therapy coadministered with an SSRI resulted in significantly greater improvements in insomnia , significantly greater reductions in HDRS-17 total score , and significantly greater HDRS-17 response rates compared with placebo coadministration . were no significant differences in response rates ( when insomnia items were excluded ) and remission rates , as well as in anxiety/somatization scores . research is warranted to determine whether these modest antidepressant effects can be replicated , and anxiolytic effects demonstrated , when evaluated in a prospective manner ."
236,Abstract #236,"processes have been implicated in the modulation of fear conditioning in humans , postulated to occur at the level of the amygdala . processing of other fear-relevant cues , such as facial expressions , has also been associated with amygdala function , but an effect of serotonin depletion on these processes has not been assessed . present study investigated the effects of reducing serotonin function , using acute tryptophan depletion , on the recognition of basic facial expressions of emotions in healthy male and female volunteers . double-blind between-groups design was used , with volunteers being randomly allocated to receive an amino acid drink specifically lacking tryptophan or a control mixture containing a balanced mixture of these amino acids . were given a facial expression recognition task 5 h after drink administration . task featured examples of six basic emotions ( fear , anger , disgust , surprise , sadness and happiness ) that had been morphed between each full emotion and neutral in 10 % steps . a control , volunteers were given a famous face classification task matched in terms of response selection and difficulty level . depletion significantly impaired the recognition of fearful facial expressions in female , but not male , volunteers . was specific since recognition of other basic emotions was comparable in the two groups . was also no effect of tryptophan depletion on the classification of famous faces or on subjective state ratings of mood or anxiety . results confirm a role for serotonin in the processing of fear related cues , and in line with previous findings also suggest greater effects of tryptophan depletion in female volunteers . acute tryptophan depletion does not typically affect mood in healthy subjects , the present results suggest that subtle changes in the processing of emotional material may occur with this manipulation of serotonin function ."
237,Abstract #237,"assess the therapeutic efficacy of modafinil in the treatment of increased daytime sleepiness in patients with Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) . , randomized , placebo-controlled crossover study with two 2-week treatment blocks , separated by a 2-week washout phase . Parkinson 's disease care center and sleep laboratory at university hospital neurology department . patients with idiopathic PD and daytime sleepiness ( Epworth sleepiness score ( ESS ) 10 or more ) . of placebo or modafinil as a single morning dose in a randomized crossover order . modafinil dose was 100 mg in the first , and 200 mg in the second treatment week . baseline and at the end of each treatment block , sleepiness was evaluated using subjective ( perceived sleepiness with the ESS ) and objective measures ( maintenance of wakefulness test ) . patients completed the study ( 9 male , 3 female ; mean age 65.0 + / - 7.6 years , mean disease duration 6.8 + / - 4.1 years ) . scores were significantly improved with modafinil ( 3.42 + / - 3.90 ) compared to placebo ( 0.83 + / - 1.99 ; p = 0.011 ) . to sleep in the maintenance of wakefulness test was not significantly altered by modafinil treatment : 10.9 ( 3-40 ) / 15.1 ( 2.5-40 ) minutes before/after placebo and 12 ( 2.6-40 ) / 17.8 ( 4.2-40 ) minutes before/after modafinil ( p = 0.139 ) [ data given as mean + / - standard deviation or median ( range ) ] . results of this study suggest that modafinil improves daytime sleepiness in PD patients , at least on a subjective or behavioral level . treatment may be considered for EDS in PD patients , in whom otherwise treatable causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ( EDS ) are absent ."
238,Abstract #238,"humidification can reduce nasal symptoms caused by continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) treatment , but its routine use has not been studied over the medium term in a randomized controlled trial . aim of this study is to determine if heated humidification would reduce nasal symptoms and improve adherence with CPAP treatment in all patients with sleep apnoea irrespective of whether they had nasal symptoms initially . randomized , parallel group design . were treated for 3 months with a Fisher & Paykel HC201 pump with built-in heated humidification , or with the heater disabled and without water . was measured with a timer built into the pumps . symptoms were measured with a 10-cm visual analogue scale . were 25 in the humidification group and 29 in the non-humidification group . 12 weeks mean ( standard deviation ) adherence with CPAP was 4.7 ( 2.4 ) and 4.5 ( 2.2 ) hours per night respectively . symptoms that were reduced were nose blocked * 6 ( 12 ) , 18 ( 26 ) ; sneezing * 4 ( 8 ) , 15 ( 25 ) ; dry nose * 8 ( 12 ) , 24 ( 33 ) ; stuffy nose * 7 ( 14 ) , 22 ( 31 ) ; dry mouth * 13 ( 18 ) , 33 ( 36 ) ; and runny nose * 6 ( 17 ) , 14 ( 29 ) . marked with an asterisk ' * ' had P < 0.05 with t-tests . routine use of heated humidification with CPAP in all patients with sleep apnoea reduced nasal symptoms , but did not improve adherence ."
239,Abstract #239,"saline solution load test helps to determine if a wound extends into the knee joint . is known about the volume of injected intra-articular saline solution that is needed to effectively rule in or rule out a traumatic arthrotomy of the knee . purpose of the present study was to determine the appropriate volume and needle location for the diagnosis of a traumatic knee arthrotomy and to assess the effect of associated variables , including knee circumference , body mass index , and sex . consecutive patients scheduled for knee arthroscopy were enrolled . standard inferolateral arthroscopic portal was made with a single stab incision with use of a number-11 blade . sites were randomized to either a superomedial or inferomedial location . injection of normal saline solution at a rate of 5 mL/sec through an 18-gauge needle was continued while the knee was moved through a range of motion until fluid extravasated from the iatrogenic laceration . volume of injected fluid was recorded . study group included thirty-one female patients and twenty-five male patients with a combined average age of fifty years and an average body mass index of 30.9 . order to effectively diagnose 50 % of the arthrotomies , 75 mL of injected fluid was needed ; the volumes that were needed in order to effectively diagnose 75 % , 90 % , 95 % , and 99 % of the arthrotomies were 110 , 145 , 155 , and 175 mL , respectively . mean volumes of injected fluid needed for a positive result at the inferomedial and superomedial needle locations were 64.0 and 95.2 mL , respectively ; this difference was significant ( p = 0.01 ) . was no correlation between necessary injection volume and sex , body mass index , or knee circumference . order to detect 95 % of 1-cm inferolateral arthrotomies of the knee with use of the saline solution load test , 155 mL must be injected . inferomedial injection location requires significantly less fluid than a superomedial injection location does for the diagnosis of inferolateral arthrotomies of the knee ."
240,Abstract #240,"determine the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine ( ALCAR ) on the rate of decline in early-onset AD patients . 1-year , multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial was conducted . were 45 to 65 years old , with a diagnosis of probable AD according to National Institute of Neurological Communicative Disorders-Alzheimer 's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria and had a Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) score between 12 and 26 . were treated with ALCAR ( 1 g tid ) or placebo . outcome measures were the Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Component and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale . measures included the ADAS Non-Cognitive Subscale , the MMSE , an Activities of Daily Living Scale ( ADL ) , and a Clinician-Based Impression of Change ( CIBIC ) . twenty-nine patients were enrolled and randomized to drug treatment , with 117 taking placebo and 112 taking ALCAR . were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline . the primary outcome measures , there were no significant differences between the treatment groups on the change from baseline to endpoint in the intent-to-treat analysis . the completer sample only , there was less deterioration in the MMSE for the ALCAR-treated subjects . was no difference in rate of decline on the CIBIC and the ADL scale . were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events by treatment arm . , in a prospectively performed study in young-onset AD patients , ALCAR failed to slow decline . decline was seen on the MMSE in the completer sample only , with the difference being mediated by reducing decline in attention . combination of ALCAR and a cholinesterase inhibitor should be tested for additivity ."
241,Abstract #241,"are the most frequent target for intervention programs aimed at preventing child obesity ; however , the overall effectiveness of these programs has been limited . has therefore been recommended that interventions target multiple ecological levels ( community , family , school and individual ) to have greater success in changing risk behaviors for obesity . study examined the immediate and short-term , sustained effects of the Switch program , which targeted three behaviors ( decreasing children 's screen time , increasing fruit and vegetable consumption , and increasing physical activity ) at three ecological levels ( the family , school , and community ) . were 1,323 children and their parents from 10 schools in two states . were matched and randomly assigned to treatment and control . of the key behaviors and body mass index were collected at baseline , immediately post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention . effect sizes of the differences between treatment and control groups ranged between small ( Cohen 's d = 0.15 for body mass index at 6 months post-intervention ) to large ( 1.38 ; parent report of screen time at 6 months post-intervention ) , controlling for baseline levels . was a significant difference in parent-reported screen time at post-intervention in the experimental group , and this effect was maintained at 6 months post-intervention ( a difference of about 2 hours/week ) . experimental group also showed a significant increase in parent-reported fruit and vegetable consumption while child-reported fruit and vegetable consumption was marginally significant . the 6-month follow-up , parent-reported screen time was significantly lower , and parent and child-reported fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly increased . were no significant effects on pedometer measures of physical activity or body mass index in the experimental group . intervention effects were moderated by child sex ( for fruit and vegetable consumption , physical activity , and weight status ) , family involvement ( for fruit and vegetable consumption ) , and child body mass index ( for screen time ) . perception of change among the experimental group was generally positive with 23 % to 62 % indicating positive changes in behaviors . results indicate that the Switch program yielded small-to-modest treatment effects for promoting children 's fruit and vegetable consumption and minimizing screen time . Switch program offers promise for use in youth obesity prevention ."
242,Abstract #242,"studies indicate beneficial effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk . study the effect of flavonoid-rich sea buckthorn berry ( SBB ) on circulating lipid markers associated with CVD risk and plasma flavonol concentration . investigated was whether changes in the circulating flavonol concentrations correlate with the SBB induced changes in C-reactive protein ( CRP ) concentration observed previously . all 229 healthy participants completed the randomized double-blind study and consumed daily 28 g of SBB or placebo for 3 months . blood samples for the analysis of lipid markers and flavonols were obtained at the beginning and end of the study . to the placebo , the consumption of SBB increased the plasma concentration of the flavonols quercetin and isorhamnetin significantly [ treatment differences 3.0 ng/ml ( P = 0.03 ) and 3.9 ng/ml ( P < 0.01 ) , respectively ] . increase of kaempferol concentration was not significant [ treatment difference 0.7 ng/ml ( P = 0.08 ) ] . did not affect the serum total , HDL , LDL cholesterol , or the serum triacylglycerol concentrations . was no correlation between the changes in flavonol and CRP concentrations of participants . consumption of SBB significantly increased the fasting plasma concentration of quercetin and isorhamnetin indicating that it is a good dietary source of flavonols . , this did not convert to affecting the circulating concentrations of lipid markers in healthy , normolipidemic adults having healthy diets ."
243,Abstract #243,"monitoring tools are required to optimise the immunosuppressive therapy of an individual patient . , in calcineurin inhibitors , as critical dose drugs with a narrow therapeutic range , the optimal monitoring strategies are discussed in terms of safety and efficacy . , no pharmacokinetic monitoring markers reflect the biological activity of the drug . new quantitative analysis of gene expression was employed to directly measure the functional effects of calcineurin inhibition : the transcriptional activities of the nuclear factor of activated T-cell ( NFAT ) - regulated genes in the peripheral blood . CIS study is a randomised prospective controlled trial , comparing a ciclosporin A ( CsA ) - based immunosuppressive regimen monitored by CsA trough levels to a CsA-based immunosuppressive regimen monitored by residual NFAT-regulated gene expression . wave velocity as an accepted surrogate marker of the cardiovascular risk is assessed in both study groups . hypothesis is that an individualised CsA therapy monitored by residual NFAT-regulated gene expression results in a significantly lower cardiovascular risk compared to CsA therapy monitored by CsA trough levels . is a lack of evidence in individualising standard immunosuppression in renal allograft recipients . CIS study will consider the feasibility of individualised ciclosporin A immunosuppression by pharmacodynamic monitoring and evaluate the opportunity to reduce cardiovascular risk while maintaining sufficient immunosuppression . identifier 2011-003547-21 , registration date 18 July 2011https : / / www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu ."
244,Abstract #244,"overall aim of this prospective , randomized study was to compare the reproductive potential of fresh and frozen-thawed ejaculated spermatozoa from oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) procedure . patients consenting to participate in this study had a sperm sample frozen prior to the start of a cycle . were randomized using a random number table to undergo ICSI with either fresh ( group A , n = 118 ) or frozen-thawed ( group B , n = 122 ) spermatozoa . prognostic variables were equally distributed among the two groups . pregnancy rate per started cycle was 29.7 % in group A and 38.5 % in group B , P > 0.05 . significant difference was observed in the rate of ongoing pregnancies between group A ( 23.7 % ) and group B ( 35.2 % ) , P < 0.05 . our data we can conclude that cryopreservation of spermatozoa from men with poor sperm quality does not negatively affect fertilization and pregnancy rates after ICSI . larger study will be needed to investigate whether the use of cryopreserved spermatozoa can be helpful in selecting the most vital spermatozoa for ICSI ."
245,Abstract #245,"aim was to evaluate clean intermittent catheterization ( CIC ) results in combination with triamcinolone ointment for lubrication of the catheter after internal urethrotomy . patients who underwent internal urethrotomy were assigned into 2 groups and performed CIC with either triamcinolone 1 % ointment or a water-based gel ( control ) for lubrication of the catheter . continued CIC regimen up to 6 month and were followed up for 12 months . urethrography and urethrocystoscopy were done 6 and 12 months postoperatively . case of obstructive symptoms or any difficulty in passing the urethral catheter , internal urethrotomy would be performed , if needed , and the same follow-up protocol would be started again . recurrence rates after the first and second urethrotomy attempts were compared between the two groups . patients in the triamcinolone group and 34 in the control group completed the study . were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients or the etiology of the stricture between the two groups . was a 30.0 % recurrence rate in the patients of the triamcinolone group versus 44.1 % in those of the control group after the first internal urethrotomy ( P = .24 ) . the second internal urethrotomy , the urethra was stabilized in 88.9 % of the patients in the triamcinolone group and 60.0 % those in the control group ( P = .15 ) . of triamcinolone ointment in patients on CIC regimen after internal urethrotomy only slightly decreased the stricture recurrence rate , and its possible effects should be more investigated ."
246,Abstract #246,"compare alternate form reliability for two previously validated questionnaires using traditional and computer-assisted interfaces ( CASI ) . Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire ( RQLQ ) and the allergy-specific Work Productivity and Activity Impairment ( WPAI ) instrument were combined and formatted for paper-and-pencil ( P ) , computer touch screen ( TS ) , or web-based ( WB ) administration . at a large midwestern hospital in the US each completed two of three possible formats assigned randomly and in random order . completing one of three possible format pairs ( P-TS , P-WB , and TS-WB ) comprised three study groups . response consistency was assessed using Spearman correlations ; individuals ' test-retest scores were compared using paired t-tests with mean test-retest differences compared between groups using ANOVA . five volunteers completed 150 questionnaires . response consistency varied by format pair with correlations ranging from 0.566 to 0.973 . no differences were observed in paired RQLQ responses , participants completing the WB form reported generally higher WPAI scores compared with those from either the paper ( p = 0.07 ) or TS ( p = 0.001 ) format . of mean RQLQ and WPAI scores demonstrated no between-group differences . of CASI , an increasingly popular method in survey research , may have important effects on instrument reliability . examining this phenomenon more closely are needed to guide future use of CASI in this setting ."
247,Abstract #247,"postpartum weight retention is important for preventing adult obesity , but the effect of weight loss on lactation has not been studied adequately . evaluated whether weight loss by dieting , with or without aerobic exercise , adversely affects lactation performance . 12 + / -4 wk postpartum , exclusively breast-feeding women were randomly assigned for 11 d to a diet group ( 35 % energy deficit ; n = 22 ) , a diet plus exercise group ( 35 % net energy deficit ; n = 22 ) , or a control group ( n = 23 ) . volume , composition , and energy output ; maternal weight , body composition , and plasma prolactin concentration ; and infant weight were measured before and after the intervention . loss averaged 1.9 , 1.6 , and 0.2 kg in the diet , diet + exercise , and control groups , respectively ( P < 0.0001 ) and was composed of 67 % fat in the diet group and nearly 100 % fat in the diet + exercise group . in milk volume , composition , and energy output and infant weight did not differ significantly among groups . , there was a significant interaction between group and baseline percentage body fat : in the diet group only , milk energy output increased in fatter women and decreased in leaner women . plasma prolactin concentration was higher in the diet and diet + exercise groups than in the control group . weight loss ( approximately 1 kg/wk ) through a combination of dieting and aerobic exercise appears safe for breast-feeding mothers and is preferable to weight loss achieved primarily by dieting because the latter reduces maternal lean body mass . studies are needed to confirm these findings ."
248,Abstract #248,"ultrasound ( EBUS ) - guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( EBUS-TBNA ) is performed with a dedicated 22 - or 21-gauge needle while suction is applied . sampling without suction ( capillary sampling ) has been studied for endoscopic ultrasound and for biopsies at various body sites and has resulted in similar diagnostic yield and fewer traumatic samples . , the role of EBUS-guided transbronchial needle capillary sampling ( EBUS-TBNCS ) is still to be determined . with suspicious hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes ( LNs ) were included in a single-blinded , prospective , randomized trial comparing EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-TBNCS . primary end point was the concordance rate between the two techniques in terms of adequacy and diagnosis of cytologic samples . secondary end point was the concordance rate between the two techniques in terms of quality of samples . total of 115 patients and 192 LNs were studied . between EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-TBNCS was high , with no significant difference in adequacy ( 88 % vs 88 % , respectively [ P .858 ] ; concordance rate , 83.9 % [ 95 % CI , 77.9-88 .8 ] ) ; diagnosis ( 36 % vs 34 % , respectively [ P .289 ] ; concordance rate , 95.8 % [ 95 % CI , 92-92 .8 ] ) ; diagnosis of malignancy ( 28 % vs 26 % , respectively [ P .125 ] ; concordance rate , 97.9 % [ 95 % CI , 94.8-99 .4 ] ) ; or sample quality ( concordance rate , 83.3 % [ 95 % CI , 73.3-88 .3 ] ) . between EBUS-TBNA and EBUS-TBNCS was high irrespective of LN size ( 1 cm vs > 1 cm ) . of LN size , no differences in adequacy , diagnosis , or quality were found between samples obtained using EBUS-TBNA and those obtained using EBUS-TBNCS . is no evidence of any benefit derived from the practice of applying suction to EBUS-guided biopsies . ; No. : NCT00886847 ; URL : www.clinicaltrials.gov"
249,Abstract #249,"is mounting evidence supporting the benefit of surgical skills practice in a simulated environment . , the use of simulation in cardiac surgical training has been limited . purpose of the current trial was to examine the effect of independent and deliberate simulator practice , during nonclinical time , on the performance of an end-to-side microvascular anastomosis in an in vivo model . single-blinded , randomized controlled trial received institutional review board approval . first - and second-year surgical trainees were randomized to an expert-guided tutorial on a procedural trainer or to the expert-guided tutorial combined with self-directed practice on the same procedural trainer . practice consisted of 10 anastomoses performed on the procedural trainer : a low-fidelity , commercially available bench model using 4-mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft as simulated blood vessel . weeks after the tutorial , subjects performed an end-to-side anastomosis in a live porcine model , under realistic operating room conditions . of outcomes was performed by 2 blinded , expert observers , uings validated measurements of technical skill . primary outcome was the score on the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill ( OSATS ) scale . outcomes included an anastomosis-specific end-product evaluation and time to completion . analysis was conducted using nonparametric , univariate techniques . with residents who received expert-guided simulator training alone , those who in addition practiced on a simulator independently after hours scored significantly higher on the OSATS scale ( 23.7 4.7 vs 18.5 3.9 , P = .003 ) . who practiced independently also scored significantly higher on the end-product evaluation ( 11.4 3.2 vs 8.9 2.1 , P = .02 ) and performed the anastomosis significantly faster ( 777 seconds vs 977 seconds , P = .04 ) . reliability was high between the expert observers ( intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.8 ) . who had the opportunity for self-directed simulator practice performed an end-to-side anastomosis more adeptly , more quickly , and with a higher quality end product . results of this randomized trial suggest that independent training on a procedural trainer did transfer to improved performance in an operating room environment . training should be incorporated into cardiovascular surgical curricula and residents should have access to this modality for independent after-hours practice to improve operating room performance ."
250,Abstract #250,"study the effect of Bushen Huoxue Herbs on depression of patients with Parkinson 's disease . patients were randomized into two groups with 46 patients in the treatment group and 50 patients in the control group . groups took western medicine as basic treatment . treatment group was treated with Bushen Huoxue Herbs additionally . observation was carried out for 9 months . Encephalofluctuograph Technology ( ET ) and Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD ) to measure the changes of cerebral neurotransmitters and scale scores in both groups at baseline time , 3 , 6 and 9 months later to evaluate the effects of Bushen Huoxue Herbs . the treatment group , 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT ) , noradrenaline ( NE ) and dopamine ( DA ) levels were increased significantly when compared with pretreatment ( P < 0.05 ) , especially of 5-HT and DA levels ( P < 0.01 ) ; Compared with the control group , 5-HT and DA levels were increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) . treatment , the scores of the HAMD scale was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05 ) . adverse effects were found in this trial . Huoxue Herbs can improve depression of PD patients by increasing the levels of 5-HT , NE and DA in the brain and decreasing the scores of the HAMD scale with reliable effects ."
251,Abstract #251,"is a frequent condition in chronic heart failure ( CHF ) that affects adversely long-term cardiac outcomes . sought to investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin analogue darbepoetin alpha on left ( LV ) and right ventricular ( RV ) function and neurohormonal activation in patients with CHF and anemia . CHF patients ( New York Heart Association class II-III , LV ejection fraction [ EF ] < 40 % , hemoglobin level < 12.5 g/dL , serum creatinine level < 2.5 mg/dL ) were randomized ( 2:1 ) to receive either a 3-month darbepoetin alpha regimen at 1.5 microg/kg every 20 days plus oral iron ( n = 21 ) or placebo plus oral iron ( n = 11 ) . indices of LV systolic and diastolic function and RV function , plasma B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) and 6-minute walked distance were assessed at baseline and posttreatment . LV function , only treatment with darbepoetin alpha caused a significant improvement in LVEF ( F = 22.001 , P < .001 ) , end-systolic wall stress ( F = 4.934 , P = .034 ) , mitral annulus systolic displacement ( F = 6.710 , P < .015 ) , isovolumic relaxation time ( F = 4.909 , P = .035 ) , and E/e ratio ( F = 7.833 , P = .009 ) . RV systolic pressure ( F = 7.715 , P = .009 ) as well as tricuspid annulus systolic displacement and RVEF ( F = 9.264 , P = .005 ) were significantly improved only in the darbepoetin alpha group . alpha had also alpha beneficial effect on New York Heart Association class ( F = 14.586 , P = .001 ) , plasma BNP ( F = 14.781 , P = .001 ) , and 6-minute walk test ( F = 19.926 , P < .001 ) , whereas these parameters did not significantly change in the placebo-treated patients . alpha improves both LV and RV performance and exercise capacity and counteracts neurohormonal activation in CHF patients with anemia . drug effects on LV diastolic function , RV function , and LV end-systolic wall stress , in particular , are novel findings , with a potential important contribution to patients ' symptomatic improvement ."
252,Abstract #252,"to its pharmacokinetic characteristics , remifentanil does not promote residual analgesia in the immediate postoperative period . objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of methadone and clonidine in the control of postoperative pain of videolaparoscopic surgeries under total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled remifentanil infusion . hundred and twenty-six patients , ages 18 to 65 years , ASA I and II , of both genders , scheduled for laparoscopic surgeries , participated in this randomized , double - blind , placebo-controlled study . venipuncture , intravenous ketoprofen and dypirone were administered . infusion of remifentanil and propofol was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia . beginning the procedure , an intravenous solution containing 0.1 mg.kg-1 of methadone ( methadone group ) , 2.0 ( 1/4 ) g.kg-1 of clonidine ( clonidine group ) , or NS ( placebo group ) was administered . the post-anesthetic care unit , postoperative pain was evaluated by the Verbal Numeric Scale ( VNS ) . of pain was defined as a score < 2 , and pain as a score of > 3 . incidence of pain in the methadone group was significantly lower than in the clonidine and placebo groups ( 11 , 21 , and 23 , respectively ; p < 0.02 ) . differences in the incidence of pain in the placebo and clonidine groups were not observed . was more effective than clonidine in the control of postoperative pain in videolaparoscopic surgeries under total intravenous anesthesia with remifentanil ; and using clonidine was not better than not using it ."
253,Abstract #253,"and dorzolamide are often used as adjunctive therapy to other antiglaucoma agents . purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of brinzolamide 1 % versus dorzolamide 1 % when added to the combination therapy of latanoprost and a beta-blocker in patients with glaucoma . 8-week , randomized , open-label comparative study was performed in 52 patients with glaucoma . 1 % ( twice a day ) or dorzolamide 1 % ( 3 times a day ) was randomly administered to the patients who had been treated with both latanoprost and a betablocker . pressure ( IOP ) were both decreased significantly ( P < 0.0001 ) from 18.6 + / - 2.3 mmHg to 16.7 + / - 2.3 mmHg and from 18.4 + / - 2.6 mmHg to 16.6 + / - 2.5 mmHg , respectively , 8 weeks after the addition of brinzolamide or dorzolamide . , the difference between the groups was not significant ( P = 0.86 ) . incidence of ocular irritation was significantly higher ( P < 0.0001 ) in the dorzolamide group ( 74 % ) than the brinzolamide group ( 16 % ) , but there was no significant difference in blurred vision between the groups ( dorzolamide 37 % versus brinzolamide 52 % , P = 0.40 ) . concluded that the efficacy of brinzolamide 1 % was equivalent to dorzolamide 1 % ; however , the safety of brinzolamide 1 % was superior to dorzolamide 1 % as adjunctive therapy to the combination with latanoprost and a beta-blocker ."
254,Abstract #254,"studies have assessed differences between intermittent and light smokers , particularly among young adults . these differences promotes a systematic approach to research and treatment in low-level smokers . study explored demographic , tobacco-related , and psychosocial predictors of intermittent nondaily smoking relative to light smoking among basic military training ( BMT ) recruits . impact of smoking status on abstinence rates at follow-up was also assessed . were 5,603 U.S. Air Force BMT intermittent nondaily ( n = 3,134 ) or light daily ( n = 2,469 ) smoking recruits participating in a population-based group randomized trial targeting tobacco use prevention and cessation ( Klesges et al. , 2006 , Efficacy of a tailored tobacco control program on long-term use in a population of U.S. military troops . of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 74 , 295-306 . ) completed baseline measures assessing demographics ; tobacco use and history ; and common social , attitudinal , and behavioral risk factors for tobacco use . of recruits were randomly assigned to a tobacco use intervention or health education control intervention . the 1-year follow-up , participants reported 7-day point prevalence and continuous abstinence . nondaily smoking relative to light daily smoking was associated with lesser perceived addiction , intermittent and daily use of smokeless tobacco , nonsmoking male and female heads of household , lesser likelihood of smoking while stressed or while bored , and higher likelihood of intentions to quit smoking . smokers were significantly more likely than light daily smokers to report abstinence at follow-up . and daily light smokers differ on several tobacco-related and psychosocial variables . to these factors in prevention and cessation programs may enhance abstinence in both groups ."
255,Abstract #255,"compare the efficacy of transcervical Foley catheter alone ( Foley ) to transcervical Foley catheter with extraamniotic saline infusion for labor induction and cervical ripening in women with an unfavorable cervix . was a multicenter , randomized , controlled trial of women presenting for labor induction with a singleton , cephalic fetus , intact membranes , and unfavorable cervix ( Bishop score 6 or less ) . women were randomly assigned to receive either Foley catheter alone or Foley catheter with extraamniotic saline infusion . women received concurrent oxytocin administration . primary study outcome was the induction-to-delivery interval . outcomes included cesarean delivery , maternal infectious outcomes , and immediate neonatal outcomes . was by intent to treat . hundred eighty-eight women met eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned ( Foley plus extraamniotic saline infusion , n = 97 ; Foley , n = 91 ) . demographic characteristics , including parity , gestational age , and Bishop score were similar between the study groups . median induction-to-delivery interval in the extraamniotic saline infusion arm ( 12.6 hours , interquartile range 9.3-18 .8 hours ) was similar to that in the Foley arm ( 13.4 hours , interquartile range 9.6-17 .5 hours ) ( P = . ) . proportion of women delivered by 24 hours was comparable between groups ( delivery 24 hours , extraamniotic saline infusion 89.7 % , Foley 87.9 % , P = .70 ) , as was the rate of cesarean delivery ( Foley 18.7 % , extraamniotic saline infusion 27.8 % , P = .14 ) . significant differences were noted between the study groups with respect to rate of chorioamnionitis , endometritis , or immediate birth outcomes . women with an unfavorable cervix , the addition of extraamniotic saline infusion to a transcervical Foley catheter does not improve efficacy for labor induction . , www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00442663"
256,Abstract #256,"arthritis ( RA ) is characterized by the formation in the joints of an inflammatory tissue , which causes the appearance of localized erosions on the margins of the joints . molecular mechanism that causes the bone erosion is multifactorial . cytokines imbalance and OPG-RANK-L system are involved . aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of inducing healing or reduction in the number of erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients treated with anti-TNF-alpha adding Teriparatide ( PTH1-34 ) to standard treatment with anti-TNF . adult patients with active RA diagnosed according to American Rheumatism Association ( ARA ) criteria at least 6 months before study begin were enrolled . patients affected by established RA ( 6 to 18 months from symptoms beginning ) were recruited . patients were randomized to receive a standard dosage of etanercept ( 50 mg/week ) or etanercept at same dosage with an addition of teriparatide ( 20 mg ) . of eventual healing of arthritic erosions by magnetic resonance imaging was performed at time zero and then at twelve months . following evaluation was assessed at baseline and after 12 months according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials ( OMERACT ) definitions : number of erosion and presence or absence of synovitis , effusion and bone oedema . comparative examination of quantitative and qualitative assessment of each parameter was applied . radiographs of the hands were obtained at baseline and 52 weeks . were scored blindly using the van der Heijde modification of the Sharp method . of each treatment was evaluated by means of the adverse events ( AES ) evaluation and report . were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups . study did not achieve its primary endpoint of healing erosions . the active arm no healing of erosions was found . 52 weeks , there were no new MRI erosions in two arms . oedema scores were significantly improved at 52 weeks in favour of both treatments versus baseline scores , without inter-groups differences . patterns were unchanged in all patients of both groups . new erosions or previous erosions ' healing were observed . AEs were reported . from both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the DAS 28 scores at 52 weeks ( p < 0.005 ) if compared with baseline values . data confirm rapid control of inflammation and MRI damage benefits after Etanercept administration without a significant improvement in MRI findings after concomitant addition of teriparatide . though these results could seem to suggest to avoid the simultaneous use of these two drugs to treat RA erosions , further studies might be suggested to asses if sequential adminstration of an anabolic agent such as Teriparatide , after achieving clinical remission , may be able to improve bone damage ."
257,Abstract #257,"of adrenocortical function , a risk associated with oral corticosteroids , is minimized with intranasal corticosteroids . acetonide ( TAA ) aqueous nasal spray , at therapeutic doses , has no measurable effect on adrenocortical function in adults with allergic rhinitis . double-blind , placebo-controlled study compared the effect of once-daily TAA aqueous nasal spray ( 220 or 440 microg ) with placebo on adrenocortical function after 6 weeks of treatment in pediatric ( children 6 to 12 years of age ) patients with allergic rhinitis . pharmacokinetic profile of TAA was examined after once-daily intranasal administration of TAA aqueous nasal spray 440 microg for 6 weeks . children received TAA aqueous nasal spray 220 microg or 440 microg or placebo for 6 weeks . function was assessed by analyzing plasma cortisol levels before stimulation ( 0 hour ) and at 30 and 60 minutes after a rapid 1-hour intravenous cosyntropin stimulation test performed before treatment and after 6 weeks of treatment . for pharmacokinetic evaluation were collected from 19 patients at baseline ( 0 hour ) and at 0.5 , 1 , 1.5 , and 6 hours after the final dose of study medication . 6 weeks , no significant effects on adrenocortical function were observed at 30 or 60 minutes after cosyntropin stimulation with either dose of TAA aqueous nasal spray . concentrations in plasma showed rapid elimination of the drug , with little or no accumulation . aqueous nasal spray ( 220 or 440 microg/day ) has no measurable effect on adrenocortical function in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis . parameters after 440 microg/day of TAA aqueous nasal spray indicate a rapid decline of plasma drug levels , with little or no systemic accumulation of study drug ."
258,Abstract #258,"purpose of the present study was to develop a treatment for marijuana dependence specifically designed to enhance self-efficacy . participants were 215 marijuana-dependent men and women randomized to one of three 9-week outpatient treatments : a condition intended to enhance self-efficacy through successful completion of treatment-related tasks ( motivational enhancement plus cognitive-behavioral treatment plus contingency management reinforcing completion of treatment homework ; MET+CBT+CM ( Homework ) ) ; a condition that controlled for all elements except for reinforcement of homework ( MET+CBT + contingency management reinforcing drug abstinence ; MET+CBT+CM ( Abstinence ) ) ; or a case management control condition ( CaseM ) . in the two MET+CBT conditions were also asked to complete interactive voice recordings three times per week during treatment to confirm homework completion . patients showed modest improvements over time through 14months , with few between-treatment effects on outcomes . Class Growth Models , however , indicated that a subsample of patients did extremely well over time . subsample was more likely to have been treated in the CM ( Abstinence ) condition . turn , this treatment effect appears to have been accounted for by days of continuous abstinence accrued during treatment , and by pre-post increases in self-efficacy . most effective treatments may be those that elicit abstinence while increasing self-efficacy ."
259,Abstract #259,"is concern that combining energy drinks with alcohol may ` mask ' subjective intoxication leading to greater alcohol consumption . study examines the effects of alcohol alone and combined with energy drink on objective and subjective intoxication and mood over the course of 3h . a double-blind , placebo-controlled , balanced , crossover design , 24 participants ( mean age 22.23 years ) were administered with double placebo , 0.6 g/kg alcohol ( mean peak blood alcohol content of 0.051 % ) , 250ml energy drink and alcohol/energy drink , according to a Latin square design , with a washout of > 48h . each visit , they were breathalysed and rated themselves on a comprehensive battery of mood items at baseline and then at 45 , 90 and 180min post-drink . alcohol and subjective intoxication were significantly increased following both alcohol alone and alcohol/energy drink . measures were statistically indistinguishable between alcohol conditions . keeping with its ( 80mg ) caffeine content , the energy drink alone significantly increased self-rated ` alertness ' and reduced ` depression-dejection ' scores compared with the combined alcohol/energy drink . alcohol/energy drink increased ` vigor ' and ` contentment ' at 45min and decreased ` contentment ' at 180min . co-ingestion of an energy drink with alcohol does not differently influence blood alcohol content recordings or subjective intoxication compared with alcohol alone , although some mood items are differentially affected ."
260,Abstract #260,"investigate the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection ( SFI ) for hemopoietic and immune function reconstruction in patients with hematologic malignancies ( HM ) after chemotherapy . HM patients at remission inducing stage of initial treatment were randomly assigned to two groups , the treatment group treated with SFI ( 250 mL daily ) plus chemotherapy and the control group only treated with chemotherapy for 14 days , with same supportive treatments administered to both . of blood routine test , T lymphocyte subsets ( CD3 + , CD4 + , CD4 + / CD8 + ) and B lymphocyte subsets CD3 - CD19 + were determined before and after treatment , and the remission rate was assessed after treatment . remission rates in the two groups showed no significant difference [ 90 % ( 36/40 ) vs 82.5 % ( 33/40 ) , P > 0.05 ] statistically . of peripheral leucocyte count and hemoglobin as well as levels of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD4 + / CD8 + ; were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) , but no significant difference was shown between groups in CD3 - CD19 + level . can lighten the inhibition of chemotherapy on hemopoietic function of bone marrow , and promote its recovery , enhance the immune function , and improve the quality of life in patients with HM undergoing chemotherapy ."
261,Abstract #261,"ill patients requiring intensive care uniformly develop insulin resistance . is most pronounced in patients with sepsis . , several hormones secreted by adipose tissue have been identified to be involved in overall insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome-related conditions . , little is known about these adipokines in critical illness . studied circulating levels of the adipokines adiponectin , retinol-binding protein 4 ( RBP4 ) , and leptin during critical illness , and the impact of intensive insulin therapy , a therapy shown to affect insulin sensitivity , in serum samples from prolonged critically ill patients with a respiratory critical illness ( n = 318 ) . comparison , we studied healthy subjects ( n = 22 ) and acutely stressed patients ( n = 22 ) . acute critical illness , circulating levels of adiponectin , RBP4 , and leptin were low . with sepsis had lower levels of leptin and RBP4 than did nonseptic patients . critical illness was sustained , adipokine levels returned to normal reference values . therapy enhanced adiponectin , blunted the rise of RBP4 , and did not alter leptin levels . critical illness is associated with immediate , but transiently low serum adipokine levels . and RBP4 are associated with altered insulin resistance in critical illness ."
262,Abstract #262,"evaluate the effectiveness of simethicone in enhancing visibility and efficacy during colonoscopy . prospective , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was conducted . hundred and twenty-four patients were allocated to receive 2 doses of sodium phosphate plus 240 mg of tablet simethicone or placebo as bowel preparation . was blindly assessed for the amount of air bubbles and adequacy of colon preparation . colonoscopic time , side effects of the medication , endoscopist and patient satisfaction were also compared . phosphate plus simethicone , compared to sodium phosphate plus placebo , improved visibility by diminishing air bubbles ( 100.00 % vs 42.37 % , P < 0.0001 ) but simethicone failed to demonstrate improvement in adequacy of colon preparation ( 90.16 % vs 81.36 % , P = 0.17 ) . and patient satisfaction were increased significantly in the simethicone group . , there was no difference in the total duration of colonoscopy and side effects of the medication . addition of simethicone is of benefit for colonoscopic bowel preparation by diminishing air bubbles , which results in enhanced visibility . and patient satisfaction is also increased ."
263,Abstract #263,"from burns is very common and must be treated with considerable care by the rehabilitation team to prevent contractures that may occur . is vital in rehabilitation of burn-injured patients . aim of this study is to compare a burn rehabilitation treatment ( BRT ) protocol with a routine burn rehabilitation treatment to find out rehabilitation related problems . all burn-injured patients admitted to a general hospital in Tehran on 2005 , a group match clinical trial was done and then randomly divided into two groups . the first group , ordinary physiotherapy was done according to the routine prescription and the BRT protocol has been carried out for the second group . the time of patient registration , a questionnaire was completed which consisted of gender , age , TBS , depth and cause of injury . the other hand , post burn contractures , thrombosis and duration of staying in hospital was measured at discharge . was not any significant difference ( p > 0.05 ) in gender , age , TBS , cause and depth of injury between two groups . addition , there was not any significant difference ( p > 0.05 ) between thrombosis and duration of staying patients in hospital . , these results show significant difference ( p < 0.01 ) in burn contractures between two groups . the BRT group , 6 % had burn contractures , with 73 % routine rehabilitation treatment . result of this study indicates that intensive rehabilitation decreased burn complications . rehabilitation teams could consider the BRT protocol ."
264,Abstract #264,"first step in atherosclerosis is characterized by the adherence of lymphocytes and monocytes to cell adhesion molecules expressed by endothelial cells . , we wanted to investigate the effect of tibolone on the circulating levels of various cell adhesion molecules . postmenopausal women were enrolled in a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled outpatient trial . led to a significant decrease in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 , soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-3 , and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 , but had no effect on monocyte chemotactic protein-1 . direct favorable effects of tibolone on endothelial cells may explain the clinical benefits of this substance in terms of anti-ischemic effects and osteoporosis prevention ."
265,Abstract #265,"wanted to evaluate whether treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid and an inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist is more effective than an inhaled corticosteroid alone for patients using as-needed albuterol who are initiating maintenance treatment . compare the efficacy and safety of twice-daily fluticasone propionate ( FP ) 88 microg and salmeterol 42 microg combined in a chlorofluorocarbon ( CFC ) - free ( hydrofluoroalkane 134a ) metered-dose inhaler ( MDI ) with the individual agents alone , each delivered through an MDI containing CFC propellants , in patient with persistent asthma previously uncontrolled with as-needed short-acting beta2-agonists alone . with asthma ( n = 283 ) were randomized to twice-daily treatment for 12 weeks with FP 88 microg combined with salmeterol 42 microg ( FSC ) in a CFC-free MDI or the individual components alone from CFC-containing MDIs . endpoint , mean change from baseline in morning predose forced expiratory volume in 1 second was significantly ( P < or = 0.016 ) greater with FSC ( 0.69 L ) compared with FP ( 0.51 L ) or salmeterol ( 0.47 L ) . patients treated with FSC withdrew due to worsening asthma ( 1 % ) compared with FP ( 3 % ) or salmeterol ( 8 % ; P = 0.024 ) . significantly increased ( P < or = 0.002 ) morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate at endpoint ( 66.5 and 51.5 L/min , respectively ) compared with FP ( 43.0 and 29.9 L/min , respectively ) and salmeterol ( 29.2 and 21.6 L/min , respectively ) . addition , asthma symptom scores were reduced , and percentages of days with no asthma symptoms increased in all treatment groups . with FSC in a CFC-free MDI is more effective than FP or salmeterol alone in asthma patients who are symptomatic taking short-acting beta2-agonists alone ."
266,Abstract #266,"examine the effects of a self-management workbook intervention designed for use with individuals disabled after first time stroke . two-phase ( baseline followed by treatment ) single subject design . intervention was introduced at a randomly generated time-point . . men and three women , with a mean age of 61.5 years ( SD 8.15 ) , on average 24.2 weeks ( SD 18.29 ) following first stroke , all with residual restriction of activity and participation . individualized self-management workbook based on self-efficacy principles , incorporating sections to increase mastery , vicarious experience and feedback . Self-Efficacy Questionnaire , General Self-Efficacy Scale , Recovery Locus of Control Scale , Rivermead Mobility Index , Rivermead Activities of Daily Living Scale , Subjective Index of Physical and Social Outcome and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale . data were analysed with weighted mean trend test and two standard deviation band test . data were analysed with a randomization test . inspection of the data over the 14-week period showed steady improvement for all of the 10 participants on the majority of variables . randomization test indicated a statistically significant change in Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire scores and Recovery Locus of Control Scale scores which followed introduction of the intervention . of activity , participation and mood scores did not show a statistically significant change . is preliminary evidence that the use of an individualized stroke self-management intervention is acceptable and can lead to a change in self-efficacy in this small sample ."
267,Abstract #267,"support may improve breastfeeding rates but the evidence is inconclusive . studies and reviews recommend trials in different healthcare settings . test if a specified programme of peer support affects the initiation and/or the duration of breastfeeding . two-group randomised controlled trial of peer support for breastfeeding with evaluation of breastfeeding initiation and duration on an intention-to-treat basis . practice in Ayrshire , Scotland . informed consent , 225 women at 28 weeks gestation were allocated to control or peer support group by post-recruitment concealed allocation . peer support and control group mothers received normal professional breastfeeding support . , those in the peer support group still breastfeeding on return home from hospital had peer support until 16 weeks . of the 112 ( 31 % ) women in the peer support group were breastfeeding at 6 weeks compared to 33/113 ( 29 % ) in the control group , a difference of 2 % ( 95 % confidence interval = -10 % to 14 % ) . median breastfeeding duration for all women in the peer support group was 2 days compared to 1 day for the control group and the Kaplan-Meier survival plot shows the peer support group overall breastfeeding slightly longer than the control group , with no statistically significant difference by logrank test ( P = 0.5 ) . median breastfeeding duration among primagravidae in the peer support group was 7 days , compared to 3 days for the control group . women who started to breastfeed the medians were 72 days in the peer support group and 56 days in the control group . differences were not statistically significant . support did not increase breastfeeding in this population by a statistically significant amount ."
268,Abstract #268,"aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 16 wk of resistance training ( RT ) , endurance training ( ET ) , and concurrent training ( CT ) on inflammatory markers , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and functional capacity in sedentary middle-age men . subjects were randomized into RT ( n = 11 ) , ET ( n = 12 ) , CT ( n = 11 ) , and a control group ( n = 13 ) . subjects performed three weekly sessions lasting about 60 min for 16 wk . strength was tested in bench press and leg press . peak oxygen uptake ( VO2peak ) was measured in an incremental exercise test . tumor necrosis factor - ( TNF - ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , and CRP levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . strength was increased after 16 wk , with no differences between RT and CT. . increased in ET and CT comparing before and after training . were no significant differences in TNF - , IL-6 , and CRP comparing before and after training . weeks of RT , ET , or CT in middle-age healthy men has not affected low and moderate IL-6 , TNF - , and CRP levels . performed in the same weekly frequency and session duration of ET and RT was effective in increasing both maximal strength and VO2peak , in addition to improvements in lipid profile ."
269,Abstract #269,"awareness ( IA ) is diagnosed when patients can recall their surroundings or an event related to the surgery that occurred while they were under general anaesthesia . female gender and Caesarean section are considered to be contributing factors . aim of the present study was to analyse the frequency of IA in patients undergoing general anaesthesia either for Caesarean section or gynaecological procedures . I and II women were included into the study . were randomly allocated to 4 groups : A , B and C included patients qualified for elective gynaecological surgery , and group D comprised Caesarean section patients . was not given . A received total intravenous anaesthesia with TCI , and groups B , C and D received balanced anaesthesia . depth of anaesthesia was monitored with an AEP monitor . structured interviews were conducted 2 hours after anaesthesia and on postoperative days 7 and 30 . patients were enrolled into the study . patients reported diverse sensations connected to the anaesthesia ( Group A - 7 patients , B - 9 patients , C - 2 patients , D - 28 patients ) . were mainly dream sensations , but IA was present in 3 cases . all of the cases , IA was recognised during the first interview . episode of awareness appeared in group B , and the other two appeared in group D. Caesarean section was complicated by intraoperative haemorrhage . patient from group B had similar sensations during previous anaesthesia . women enrolled in the study reported awareness in the past , which did not occur this time . during general anaesthesia occurs occasionally . frequency of occurrence in a group of patients undergoing general anaesthesia for uncomplicated Caesarean section is not higher than for other procedures . anaesthesia for Caesarean section , as well as for other procedures , may be accompanied by pleasant dreams ."
270,Abstract #270,"( IL-20 ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . efficacy , safety , and tolerability of NNC0109-0012 , a selective anti-IL-20 recombinant human monoclonal antibody ( mAb ) , were assessed in patients with active RA who had an inadequate response to methotrexate therapy . patients with RA were enrolled and randomized ( 2:1 ) to receive NNC0109-0012 ( 3 mg/kg per week , subcutaneously ) or placebo in a phase IIa , double-blind , 12-week trial with a 13-week followup . primary end point was change in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on C-reactive protein level ( DAS28-CRP ) from baseline to week 12 . patients treated with NNC0109-0012 , the primary end point , improvement in the DAS28-CRP at week 12 , was achieved ( estimated difference -0.88 ; P = 0.02 ) , with significant improvement starting at week 1 . greater response was observed in seropositive patients ( estimated difference -1.66 ; P < 0.001 ) , which was sustained through 13 weeks of followup , whereas no improvement was noted in patients with seronegative RA . significant proportion of patients with seropositive RA receiving NNC0109-0012 , compared to those receiving placebo , achieved treatment responses according to the American College of Rheumatology 20 % ( ACR20 ) ( 59 % versus 21 % ) , ACR50 ( 48 % versus 14 % ) , and ACR70 ( 35 % versus 0 % ) levels of improvement , and showed greater improvements in the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index ( P = 0.047 ) . most frequent adverse events reported with NNC0109-0012 were injection site reactions and infections ( e.g. , herpes , nasopharyngitis , respiratory , and urinary ) . serious infections or discontinuations associated with NNC0109-0012 were observed . this phase IIa trial , treatment with NNC0109-0012 ( anti-IL-20 mAb ) was effective in patients with seropositive RA as early as week 1 , with further improvements to week 12 . safety or tolerability concerns were identified with weekly NNC0109-0012 administration ."
271,Abstract #271,"hormone ( GH ) has a strong anabolic effect and is thought to be useful in improving the efficacy of parenteral nutrition ( PN ) to preserve muscle mass ( MM ) in the postoperative setting . , the negative clinical outcome of GH treatment in intensive care patients limits its use in this setting , but demands answers to the mechanism behind the action of this therapy . a double-blind randomised controlled study consecutive patients after major abdominal surgery were divided into four groups of either 1/2-PN ( 0.13 g N/kg/day and 52 % of calories as lipid ) or full-strength PN ( Full-PN ) ( 0.3 g N/kg/day and 65 % of calories as lipid ) receiving daily injections of either GH ( 8-16 IU ) or placebo for a period of 14 days postoperative . measures included MM derived from measures of total body potassium ( 40K counting ) and total body nitrogen ( TBN ) ( in vivo neutron capture technique ) ; Fat mass from skin folds ; serum insulin like growth factor-I ( IGF-I ) and its binding proteins ( IGFBP ) . 43 major upper GI surgical patients randomised 35 completed the study ( one patient died from sepsis in the half-strength PN ( 1/2-PN ) + GH group ) . ( n = 11 ) lost TBN ( P = 0.001 ) , MM ( P = 0.005 ) but not fat . ( n = 9 ) maintained TBN , MM ( P = 0.056 ) and fat . + GH ( n = 8 ) maintained TBN and fat but lost MM ( P = 0.038 ) . + GH ( n = 7 ) maintained TBN and MM but lost fat ( P = 0.018 ) . ANOVA indicated that PN input ( P = 0.031 ) and not GH had a significant effect on MM . caused a significant rise in IGF-I levels ( 290 + / -67 and 454 + / -71 microg/l for 1/2-PN + GH and Full-PN + GH , respectively ) and restored serum IGFBP3 and the acid labile subunit to normal , by the postoperative day 9 . major gastrointestinal surgery , GH causes a marked hepatic IGF-I response and nitrogen retention but its effect on body composition was more significant with a high PN input . , Full-PN alone was sufficient to prevent nitrogen loss and preserved MM and addition of GH does not provide further metabolic advantage ."
272,Abstract #272,"polyposis ( NP ) is defined as a specific form of chronic rhinosinusitis ( CRS ) , characterized by bilateral and multifocal polyps . endoscopic sinus surgery represents the gold standard therapy when medical treatment fails . availability of different tools raises the question of which one provides significant advances in technique and surgical outcome . study considered the outcome of the surgical treatment of NP in relation to several comorbidities and the surgical device used : the microdebrider versus the Blakesley traditional forceps . studies compared the two instruments but did not evaluate the clinical relevance of history of comorbidities such as asthma , allergy , and eosinophilia . prospective randomized single-blind study was designed to analyze 311 cases of bilateral CRS with NP . patient served as his/her own control , meaning that one side was operated on using the Blakesley forceps and the opposite side using the microdebrider . follow-up period was 13.3 1.2 months . Blakesley forceps caused a significantly lower NP recurrence rate than the microdebrider ( p < 0.001 ) , which was more effective in preventing synechia formation ( p < 0.05 ) . asthma was significantly associated with a higher recurrence rate , without being influenced by the instrument used ( p < 0.001 ) . manual instrument allowed for a significantly lower recurrence incidence but yielded a higher rate of synechia formation compared with the microdebrider . asthma was significantly associated with a poorer clinical outcome , and gender , age , allergy , and eosinophilia did not affect the surgical prognosis ."
273,Abstract #273,"compare the advantages of prolotherapy in the treatment of first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis ( OA ) with those of corticosteroid local injection in the short and long term . performed a randomized controlled trial from March 2010 to March 2011 in an outpatient clinic at a university hospital . participants ( 60 hands ) with OA of the first carpometacarpal joint were assigned equally to two groups . the corticosteroid group , after 2 monthly saline placebo injections , a single dose of 40 mg methylprednisolone acetate ( 0.5 ml ) mixed with 0.5 ml of 2 % lidocaine was injected . the dextrose ( DX ) group , 0.5 ml of 20 % DX was mixed with 0.5 ml of 2 % lidocaine and the injection was repeated monthly for 3 months . intensity , hand function and the strength of lateral pinch grip were measured at the baseline and at 1 , 2 , and 6 months after the treatment . age ( STD ) was 63.6 ( 9.7 ) years , and mean ( STD ) visual analog scale ( VAS ) was 6 ( 2 ) . two groups were comparable at 2 months , but significantly different at 1 month , with better results for corticosteroid , and at 6 months with apparently more favorable outcome for DX [ mean difference ( 95 % CI ) in VAS = 1.1 ( 0.2 , 2.0 ) , p = 0.02 ] . 6 months of treatment , both DX and corticosteroid injection increased functional level , but DX seemed to be more effective [ mean difference ( 95 % CI ) in total function score = 1.0 ( 0.2 , 1.8 ) , p = 0.01 ] . the long term , DX seems to be more advantageous , while the two treatments were comparable in the short term . of the satisfactory pain relief and restoring of function , we would prefer DX prolotherapy for the treatment of patients with OA . studies -- investigating the results of treatment ; level I."
274,Abstract #274,"compare the effects of laparoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation with laparotomic hemostatic suturing during unilateral ovarian cystectomy on the ovarian reserve . prospective randomized trial was conducted on 59 women with unilateral benign ovarian cysts who underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy by a stripping technique ( n = 30 ) or open laparotomy with hemostatic suturing ( n = 29 ) . anti-Mllerian hormone ( AMH ) , antral follicle count ( AFC ) , and ovarian stromal peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) at the 1st , 3rd , and 6th postoperative cycle were used to assess the ovarian reserve . AMH levels did not differ significantly ( P = 0.18 ) between the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups . the laparoscopy group , there was a significant decrease in AMH levels , AFC , and PSV at the 3rd and 6th postoperative cycles compared with the 1st postoperative cycle , with an insignificant decrease between the 3rd and 6th cycles . the laparotomy group , nonsignificant decreases in AMH levels , AFC , and PSV were detected at the 1st , 3rd , and 6th postoperative cycle and between the 3rd and 6th cycles . ovarian cystectomy is associated with a significant reduction in ovarian reserve . is a consequence of damage to the ovarian vascularity and the removal of an increased amount of ovarian tissue ."
275,Abstract #275,"corticosteroids ( ICS ) are recommended first-line therapy for the treatment of persistent asthma . , reports from observational studies have suggested that the use of ICS may be associated with systemic adverse events , such as glaucoma and cataract ( opacity of the lens ) formation . compare two ICS over 1 year regarding the formation/progression of lenticular opacities in patients with asthma . ( > or = 18 years of age ) with moderate-to-severe asthma were randomized to ciclesonide 640 micro g/day ( n = 785 ) or beclomethasone dipropionate 640 micro g/day ( n = 783 ) in a multinational , double-blind , active-controlled , parallel-group study . primary endpoint was the occurrence of a positive Class I grading shift ( increase [ worsening ] in Lens Opacities Classification System [ LOCS ] III score of > or = 0.5 for nuclear opalescence , > or = 0.8 for cortical opacification , or > or = 0.5 for posterior subcapsular opacification , or cataract surgery ) in either eye at any visit over the 12-month , double-blind treatment period . changes ( + / - standard error ) in nuclear opalescence and cortical and posterior subcapsular opacification were small and similar between groups ( ciclesonide 640 micro g/day : 0.10 + / - 0.02 , 0.07 + / - 0.02 and 0.04 + / - 0.01 , respectively ; beclomethasone dipropionate 640 micro g/day : 0.11 + / - 0.02 , 0.09 + / - 0.02 and 0.03 + / - 0.01 , respectively ) . I shifts were observed in 34.3 % versus 36.8 % of ciclesonide-treated and beclomethasone dipropionate-treated patients , respectively . 640 micro g/day was non-inferior to beclomethasone dipropionate 640 micro g/day regarding Class I shifts ( risk ratio of ciclesonide to beclomethasone dipropionate , 0.940 [ 95 % confidence interval , 0.820-1 .077 ] ) ; the 95 % confidence interval upper bound was lower than the pre-specified non-inferiority bound of 1.333 ( p < 0.0001 ) , thereby excluding the possibility of higher risk ratio values . changes in LOCS III scores were very small in both groups . with ciclesonide 640 micro g/day or beclomethasone dipropionate 640 micro g/day for 1 year has a minimal impact on lenticular opacities development and/or progression ."
276,Abstract #276,"current recommendation for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) is conventional fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin plus adjuvant cisplatin and fluorouracil ( PF ) . this randomized trial , the authors evaluated the potential therapeutic benefit from changing to an induction-concurrent chemotherapy sequence , replacing fluorouracil with oral capecitabine , and/or using accelerated rather than conventional radiotherapy fractionation . with stage III through IVB , nonkeratinizing NPC were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatment arms . protocol was amended in 2009 to permit confining randomization to the conventional fractionation arms . primary endpoint was progression-free survival . endpoints included overall survival and safety . total , 803 patients were accrued , and 706 patients were randomly allocated to all 6 treatment arms . of induction PF versus adjuvant PF did not indicate a significant improvement . comparisons of induction cisplatin and capecitabine ( PX ) versus adjuvant PF indicated a favorable trend in progression-free survival for the conventional fractionation arm ( P = .045 ) ; analyses that were adjusted for other significant factors and fractionation reflected a significant reduction in the hazards of disease progression ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.54 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.36-0 .80 ) and death ( HR , 0.42 ; 95 % CI , 0.25-0 .70 ) . comparisons of induction sequences versus adjuvant sequences did not reach statistical significance , but adjusted comparisons indicated favorable improvements by induction sequence . of induction PX versus induction PF revealed fewer toxicities ( neutropenia and electrolyte disturbance ) , unadjusted comparisons of efficacy were statistically insignificant , but adjusted analyses indicated that induction PX had a lower hazard of death ( HR , 0.57 ; 95 % CI , 0.34-0 .97 ) . the fractionation from conventional to accelerated did not achieve any benefit but incurred higher toxicities ( acute mucositis and dehydration ) . results indicate that the benefit of changing to an induction-concurrent sequence remains uncertain ; replacing fluorouracil with oral capecitabine warrants further validation in view of its convenience , favorable toxicity profile , and favorable trends in efficacy ; and accelerated fractionation is not recommended for patients with locoregionally advanced NPC who receive chemoradiotherapy ."
277,Abstract #277,"maximum resting pressure in the anal canal is greatly raised after hemorrhoidectomy . increase is likely to be the cause of postoperative pain , which is still the most troublesome early problem after hemorrhoidectomy . study was designed to compare , after hemorrhoidectomy , the effects of intrasphincter injection of botulinum toxin vs. application of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in improving wound healing and reducing postoperative pain at rest or during defecation . patients with hemorrhoids of third and fourth degree were included in the study and randomized in two groups . manometry was performed preoperatively and 5 and 40 days after hemorrhoidectomy . group received one injection containing 20 IU of botulinum toxin , whereas the other an application of 300 mg of 0.2 percent glyceryl trinitrate ointment three times daily for 30 days . days after hemorrhoidectomy , maximum resting pressure was significantly reduced compared with baseline values in both groups ( 85 + / - 15 vs. 68 + / - 11 mmHg for the group treated with botulinum toxin , 87 + / - 11 vs. 78 + / - 11 mmHg for the group treated with glyceryl trinitrate ointment ) . analysis of postoperative pain at rest showed a significant reduction in the botulinum toxin group vs. glyceryl trinitrate group , whereas pain during defecation and time of healing were similar . effects , such as headaches , were observed only in the glyceryl trinitrate group . days after hemorrhoidectomy in the glyceryl trinitrate group , maximum resting pressure values were similar to preoperative ones , whereas the values were still reduced in the botulinum toxin group . single intrasphincter injection of botulinum toxin was more effective and safer than repeated applications of glyceryl trinitrate in reducing early postoperative pain at rest but not during defecation ."
278,Abstract #278,"studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease , a disease related to oxidative stress . , the effects of different alcoholic beverages on antioxidant status are not fully known . aim was therefore to compare the effects of a moderate intake of an alcoholic beverage with high polyphenol content ( red wine ) and another without polyphenol content ( gin ) on plasma antioxidant vitamins , lipid profile and oxidability of low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) particles . healthy men ( mean age , 38 years ) were included in a randomised cross-over trial . a 15-day washout period , subjects received 30 g/ethanol/d as either wine or gin for 28 days . and exercise were monitored . and after each intervention , we measured serum vitamins , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and glutathione peroxidase activities , lipid profile , oxidized LDL and LDL resistance to ex-vivo oxidative stress . to gin intervention , wine intake reduced plasma SOD activity [ -8.1 U/gHb ( 95 % confidence interval , CI , -138 to -25 ; P = 0.009 ) ] and MDA levels [ -11.9 nmol/L ( CI , -21.4 to-2 .5 ; P = 0.020 ) ] . phase time of LDL oxidation analysis also increased 11.0 min ( CI , 1.2-20 .8 ; P = 0.032 ) after wine , compared to gin , whereas no differences were observed between the two interventions in oxidation rate of LDL particles . concentration in LDL particles also decreased after wine [ -0.18 nmol/mL ( CI , -0.3 to-0 .08 ;P = 0.020 ) ] , as did plasma oxidized LDL concentrations [ -11.0 U/L ( CI,-17 .3 to -6.1 ; P = 0.009 ) ] . to gin , red wine intake has greater antioxidant effects , probably due to its high polyphenolic content ."
279,Abstract #279,"aim of this prospective study is to verify , in terms of both early postoperative complications and intraocular pressure ( IOP ) outcomes , the performance of a scleral flap removable suture . patients that underwent trabeculectomy were randomly divided into two groups : in the first group ( group A , 33 eyes ) a standard fornix-based trabeculectomy was performed by using a conjunctival chain suture . the second group ( group B , 33 eyes ) the same technique was performed with the additional employment of a new removable suture to the scleral flap . patients were followed-up for 12 months . 1 year the mean IOP was 16.58 mmHg ( + / -3.73 mmHg ) in group A , and 16.12 mmHg ( + / -4.21 mmHg ) in group B ; statistical analysis did not show significant differences between the two groups ( P = 0.19 ) . postoperative hypotony and shallowing of the anterior chamber were significantly more frequent after standard trabeculectomy than after trabeculectomy using the removable suture ( P < 0.02 ) . employment of a fornix-based conjunctival chain suture for the flap allows the use of the removable scleral flap suture , which has proved very effective in preventing insufficient flap resistance with aqueous overdrainage and hypotony , and which is also easy to apply and to remove . with standard trabeculectomy , this device has proved to have similar IOP-lowering efficacy , together with a lower rate of early postoperative complications ."
280,Abstract #280,"studies have shown that histamine H2 receptor antagonists augment the natural immunity against cancer in colorectal and gastric cancer by enhancing lymphocytic infiltration in the tumors . , a study of adjuvant ranitidine failed to show a significant benefit in colorectal cancer , possibly because of the immunosuppression exerted by blood transfusion and post-operative infections . pre-operative use of H2 receptor antagonists may therefore be of greater benefit . for a pilot study using cimetidine , there are no trials that have evaluated the effect of pre-operative H2 receptor antagonists on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer . evaluate the efficacy of famotidine in augmenting tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer . blind , placebo controlled , prospective randomized study . patients with resectable colorectal cancer were randomized to receive famotidine ( n = 11 ) or placebo ( n = 12 ) . was given for 1 week pre-operatively in a dose of 40 mg per day p.o. resection , the specimens were analyzed histologically for lymphocytic infiltration by a pathologist blinded to the two groups . infiltration more than 50 cells per high power field , involving more than 50 % of the tumor-normal tissue interface was considered significant . two groups were comparable for age , gender , pre-operative carcino embryonic antigen ( CEA ) levels and pathological stage . lymphocytic infiltration was seen in 63.6 % ( 7 of 11 ) patients in the study group compared to only 8.5 % ( 1 of 12 ) patients in the placebo group ( P = 0.005 ) . fewer recurrences and a longer survival in the study group , the difference was not significant . study shows that pre-operative famotidine may significantly enhance lymphocytic infiltration in colorectal cancer and may have potential for use as an anticancer agent in colorectal cancer ."
281,Abstract #281,"assess the impact of an intensive multitherapy ( IMT ) on perceived quality of life ( QOL ) , attitudes , knowledge and diabetes self-management in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes . 12-month randomized trial was conducted in 72 patients with type 2 diabetes , HbA1c > or = 8 % , blood pressure ( BP ) > 130/80 mmHg and dyslipidemia . were assigned to the IMT or control group , each n = 36 . consisted in monthly visits including clinical and biochemical assessment , education sessions on diet , physical exercise , medical management of diabetes and associated diseases and adjustments in medication . patients were under the care of their physicians . developed and validated a diabetes-specific questionnaire assessing QOL , attitudes , knowledge , diabetes self-management and socio-demographic data for this study . were measured at 0 , 6 and 12 months . were 54.8 + / -8.1 years old ( duration of diabetes : 10.3 + / -7.2 years ) . baseline , questionnaires showed no difference in QOL between groups . 12 months , QOL improved significantly in the IMT group when compared to controls ( +13.2 + / -10.3 / +5.6 + / -13.2 % , P = 0.003 ) , particularly with respect to the satisfaction scale ( +25.3 + / -13.9 / +5.4 + / -21.7 % , P < 0.001 ) . was not affected by complications or hypoglycaemic episodes . scores improved in IMT subjects who began insulin therapy during the trial . scores , in the high normal range at baseline , did not change . ( +18.2 + / -26.3 / +8.9 + / -30.4 % , P = 0.047 ) and diabetes self-management ( +22.6 + / -35.3 / +6.8 + / -20.1 % , P < 0.001 ) improved . poorly controlled subjects , QOL improved statistically despite the inherent constraints imposed by IMT ."
282,Abstract #282,"incidence and severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) in Japan tends to increase in elderly women . ( RKT ) , a traditional Japanese medicine , acts as a prokinetic agent and improves gastric emptying and gastric accommodation . previous prospective randomized placebo-controlled study showed that RKT combined with a standard-dose of rabeprazole ( RPZ ) significantly improved the acid-related dysmotility symptoms ( ARD ) in elderly patients with proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) - refractory non-erosive reflux disease ( NERD ) . study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics of elderly PPI-refractory NERD patients with ARD symptoms who responded to RKT . hundred forty-two patients with PPI-refractory NERD were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of either RPZ ( 10 mg/q . ) + RKT ( 7.5 g/t . ) ( RKT group ) or RPZ + placebo ( PL group ) . them , 95 were elderly ( 65 years ) with ARD ( RKT group : n = 52 ; PL group : n = 43 ) . analyzed the changes using the 12 subscale score of frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD ( FSSG ) and 15 items of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale at 4 and 8 weeks and compared the therapeutic efficacy between the 2 groups . were no marked differences in baseline demographic or clinical characteristics in the 2 groups except for rate of current smoking . FSSG score ( mean SD at 0 , 4 , and 8 weeks ) in both the RKT ( 16.0 7.0 ; 9.9 8.4 ; 7.0 6.4 ) and PL ( 15.1 6.4 ; 10.9 6.7 , 11.1 8.5 ) groups significantly decreased after treatment . , the degree of improvement of total and ARD scores of FSSG after the 8-week treatment was significantly greater in the RKT group than in the PL group . therapy with RKT for 8 weeks showed significant improvement in 3 subscale scores ( abdominal bloating , heavy feeling in stomach and sick feeling after meals ) of the ARD domain and 1 subscale score ( heartburn after meals ) of the reflux symptom domain . may be useful for improving GERD symptoms in elderly PPI-refractory NERD patients with ARD . , RKT was particularly effective for resolving postprandial GERD symptoms ( heavy feeling in stomach , sick feeling , and heartburn after meals ) . UMIN000005880 ) ."
283,Abstract #283,"evaluate the efficacy of three dose levels of the oral hepatobiliary manganese-based magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) contrast agent CMC-001 , and assess its safety profile and patient acceptability . ethics committee approval , 32 healthy volunteers ( males/females : 18/14 ) were included . MRI was performed before and 3 h after ingestion of 0.8 , 0.4 , and 0.2 g of CMC-001 on separate occasions . signal intensity ( SI ) ratio from baseline to post-contrast and image quality was assessed . drug reactions/adverse events ( ADRs/AEs ) and clinico-laboratory tests were monitored . increase in liver-to-muscle SI ratio was significantly higher after 0.8 g ( 0.696 ) compared to 0.4 g ( 0.458 ) and 0.2 g ( 0.223 ) ( in all pair-wise comparisons , P < 0.0001 ) . overall image quality was superior after 0.8 g. ADRs/AEs were dose-related and predominantly of mild intensity . MRI using 0.8 g CMC-001 has the highest efficacy and still acceptable ADRs and should therefore be preferred ."
284,Abstract #284,"is limited information from randomized controlled studies about the influence of pharmacist interventions on diabetes control . evaluate the effect of a pharmacist intervention on improving diabetes control ; secondary endpoints were medication appropriateness and self-reported adherence . randomized , controlled , multi-clinic trial was conducted in the University of Washington Medicine Neighborhood Clinics . subjects , > or = 18 years old with a hemoglobin ( Hb ) A ( 1c ) > or = 9 % at baseline and taking at least one oral diabetes medication , were randomized to receive a pharmacist intervention ( n = 43 ) or usual care ( n = 34 ) for 6 months followed by a 6-month usual-care observation period for both groups . met with a clinical pharmacist to establish and initiate a diabetes care plan followed by weekly visits or telephone calls to facilitate diabetes management and adherence . ( 1c ) , medication appropriateness , and self-reported adherence were assessed at baseline , 6 months , and 12 months . mean HbA ( 1c ) did not differ between groups over the 12-month period ( p = 0.61 ) . reduction in HbA ( 1c ) was noted for both groups over time compared with baseline ( p = 0.001 ) ; however , control subjects relied more heavily on provider visits . appropriateness was not improved for diabetes medications ( p = 0.65 ) . adherence was not significantly improved by the intervention . pharmacist intervention did not significantly improve diabetes control , but did allow for similar HbA ( 1c ) control with fewer physician visits . appropriateness and self-reported adherence compared with usual care in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes were not changed ."
285,Abstract #285,"drugs are needed for the treatment of cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) infection . is an antimalarial drug that has activity against CMV in vitro and in a rodent model . a small number of case reports are available describing the clinical effects of artesunate on CMV infection , and these yielded inconsistent results . evaluate the effect of artesunate on CMV infection , using blood samples collected from children who participated in malaria treatment trials . CMV DNA PCR was performed on dried blood spots collected from 494 Ugandan children , who were randomized either to artesunate plus amodiaquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine for acute malaria infection . regression was used to compare treatment regimens with respect to the change in the frequency and quantity of CMV detected that occurred before and after treatment . was detected in 11.4 % of children immediately prior to treatment and 10.7 % 3 days later ( p = 0.70 ) . average quantity of CMV was 0.30 log10 copies per million cells higher on day 3 than at treatment initiation ( 95 % CI 0.01-0 .58 , p = 0.041 ) . was no measurable difference in either the frequency or quantity of CMV detected in blood between children randomized to the two treatment arms . standard 3-day artesunate-containing antimalarial regimen had no detectable effect on CMV viremia in children with malaria . treatment courses and/or higher doses of artesunate than those routinely used for malaria may be required for effective treatment of CMV infection ."
286,Abstract #286,"aim of the study was to investigate the hypoalgesic effects of a single spinal manipulation treatment on acute inflammatory reactions and pain induced by cutaneous application of capsaicin . healthy subjects participated in the experiment , which consisted of 2 sessions . both sessions , following control measurements , topical capsaicin was applied to the right or left forearm to induce cutaneous inflammatory reactions . cream was removed after 20 minutes . subjects received either spinal manipulation treatment ( SMT ) or `` nonspinal manipulation treatment '' ( N-SMT ) , respectively . control as well as pretreatment and posttreatment intervals , the following tests were performed : measurement of the areas of mechanical hyperalgesia and stroking allodynia , assessment of spontaneous pain , and measurement of blood flow . results confirmed that topical capsaicin induced inflammatory reactions based on occurrence of hyperalgesia and allodynia , augmented pain perception , and increased blood flow following capsaicin application compared with the control session . compared with N-SMT , spontaneous pain was rated significantly lower post-SMT ( P < .014 ) . addition , areas of both secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia decreased after SMT ( hyperalgesia : P < .007 ; allodynia : P < .003 ) . , there was no significant treatment effect for local blood flow . results suggest hypoalgesic effects following a single SMT . local vascular parameter was not affected by the single SMT , the hypoalgesic effects appear to be due to central mechanisms ."
287,Abstract #287,"study was designed to compare the efficacy and patient tolerance of standard orthograde bowel preparation using 4 liters of polyethylene glycol solution with only 2 liters of polyethylene glycol preceded by the stimulant laxative bisacodyl . hundred eighty-two consecutive patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy under two surgeons over a six-month period were randomized to receive one of the two preparations . were asked to record the effects of the preparation and to give it a `` discomfort rating '' on a scale from 1 to 5 . were blinded to the preparation used and rated the quality of bowel cleansing on a scale of 1 to 5 . hundred ninety-one patients were randomized to the 4-liter preparation and 191 to the 2-liter preparation . percent of patients in the 2-liter group drank all of the solution as opposed to only 66 percent of patients in the 4-liter group . in the 4-liter group gave the preparation significantly lower comfort scores than those in the 2-liter group ( Fisher 's exact test ; P = 0.0001 ) . quality of bowel cleansing was not significantly different between the groups ( P = 0.88 ) . total of 6.8 percent of the 2-liter group and 9.4 percent of the 4-liter group were considered by the surgeon to have had a poor preparation ( rating 4 or 5 ) . quality of the preparation was found to correlate with the patients ' age and compliance with the preparation regimen , and was found not to correlate with presenting symptoms , pathology , or a previous colonic resection . preparation with bisacodyl and 2 liters of polyethylene glycol is more acceptable to patients than a 4-liter regimen and is equally effective in cleansing the colon ."
288,Abstract #288,"the translatability and feasibility of an intervention program has become as important as determining the effectiveness of the intervention . evaluate the applicability of a 3-month jump-landing training program in basketball players , using the RE-AIM ( reach , effectiveness , adoption , implementation , and maintenance ) framework . controlled trial . and regional basketball teams . teams of the second highest national division and regional basketball divisions in Flanders , Belgium , were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) to a control group and intervention group . total of 243 athletes ( control group = 129 , intervention group = 114 ) , ages 15 to 41 years , volunteered . exercises in the intervention program followed a progressive development , emphasizing lower extremity alignment during jump-landing activities . results of the process evaluation of the intervention program were based on the 5 dimensions of the RE-AIM framework . injury incidence density , hazard ratios , and 95 % confidence intervals were determined . participation rate of the total sample was 100 % ( reach ) . hazard ratio was different between the intervention group and the control group ( 0.40 [ 95 % confidence interval = 0.16 , 0.99 ] ; effectiveness ) . the 12 teams in the intervention group , 8 teams ( 66.7 % ) agreed to participate in the study ( adoption ) . of the participating coaches ( 66.7 % ) felt positively about the intervention program and stated that they had implemented the training sessions of the program as intended ( implementation ) . coaches except 1 ( 87.5 % ) intended to continue the intervention program the next season ( maintenance ) . of the coaches in this coach-supervised jump-landing training program was high . addition , the program was effective in preventing lower extremity injuries ."
289,Abstract #289,"explore the impacts of acupuncture and rehabilitation on post-stroke abnormal patterns of limb movement and evaluate them via rehabilitation method . cases of post-stroke movement disorder were randomly divided into an acupuncture-rehabilitation group , a body acupuncture group and a medication group , 30 cases in each group . medication group , the conventional medication in neurological department was administered . acupuncture-rehabilitation group and body acupuncture group , on the basis of the therapy as medication group , scalp acupuncture ( such as parietal area and anterior parietal area , etc. ) , rehabilitation training and traditional body acupuncture [ such as Jianyu ( LI 15 ) and Fengshi ( GB 31 ) , etc. ] were supplemented . continuous electric stimulation was applied in body acupuncture group . treatment lasted for 8 weeks . assessment of clinical efficacy , Fugl-Meyer score , Modified Ashworth scale ( MAS ) , range of motion ( ROM ) and shoulder pain score were taken as observation indices for rehabilitation evaluation before and after treatment in each group . effective rate was 93.1 % ( 27/29 ) in acupuncture-rehabilitation group , which was superior to 66.7 % ( 20/30 ) in body acupuncture group and 57.1 % ( 16/28 ) in control group ( both P < 0.01 ) separately . treatment , Fugl-Meyer score , MAS , ROM of the lower limbs and shoulder joint and shoulder pain score ( except medication group ) were all remarkably improved as compared with those before treatment in each group ( all P < 0.01 ) . improvements in Fugl-Meyer score , MAS , ROM of the upper limbs and shoulder pain score in acupuncture-rehabilitation group were significantly superior to those in body acupuncture group and medication group ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . and rehabilitation therapy and traditional body acupuncture remarkably improve in post-stroke movement disorder . acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy is apparently superior to traditional body acupuncture . therapy can effectively prevent and treat post-stroke abnormal patterns and it is greatly significant in the improvement of survival quality for the patients ."
290,Abstract #290,"and potent immunosuppressive regimens allow for reduced doses of corticosteroids after renal transplantation . aims of our study were to investigate whether the use of low-dose corticosteroids is associated with a reduction in posttransplant bone loss and to assess the ability of cholecalciferol supplementation to further decrease bone loss in this setting . patients admitted for renal transplantation and scheduled to be treated per protocol with low doses of prednisolone were randomized to receive either 400 mg daily oral calcium ( Ca group , n = 44 ) or the same dose of calcium in association with a monthly dose of 25,000 IU of vitamin D3 ( CaVitD group , n = 46 ) . mineral density ( BMD ) was measured by dual energy absorptiometry at baseline and at 1 year . overall population experienced a moderate but significant -2.3 + / -0.9 % loss of lumbar spine BMD ( P < 0.01 ) but no bone loss at the femoral neck and shaft during the first posttransplant year . loss tended to be slightly higher in the CaVitD group , but the difference did not reach statistical significance . in the CaVitD group had significantly higher 25 ( OH ) but not 1,25 ( OH ) 2 vitamin D levels . observed a highly significant negative correlation between 25 ( OH ) vitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone ( iPTH ) serum levels . recipients receiving modern immunosuppressive regimens with low doses of corticosteroids experience only minimal loss of BMD during the first posttransplant year . supplementation did not prevent posttransplant bone loss but contributed to the normalization of iPTH levels after renal transplantation ."
291,Abstract #291,"prostate component of the Prostate , Lung , Colorectal , and Ovarian ( PLCO ) Cancer Screening Trial was undertaken to determine whether there is a reduction in prostate cancer mortality from screening using serum prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) testing and digital rectal examination ( DRE ) . after 7-10 years of follow-up has been reported previously . report extended follow-up to 13 years after the trial . total of 76685 men , aged 55-74 years , were enrolled at 10 screening centers between November 1993 and July 2001 and randomly assigned to the intervention ( organized screening of annual PSA testing for 6 years and annual DRE for 4 years ; 38340 men ) and control ( usual care , which sometimes included opportunistic screening ; 38345 men ) arms . was completed in October 2006 . incident prostate cancers and deaths from prostate cancer through 13 years of follow-up or through December 31 , 2009 , were ascertained . risks ( RRs ) were estimated as the ratio of observed rates in the intervention and control arms , and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution for the number of events . regression modeling was used to examine the interactions with respect to prostate cancer mortality between trial arm and age , comorbidity status , and pretrial PSA testing . statistical tests were two-sided . 92 % of the study participants were followed to 10 years and 57 % to 13 years . 13 years , 4250 participants had been diagnosed with prostate cancer in the intervention arm compared with 3815 in the control arm . incidence rates for prostate cancer in the intervention and control arms were 108.4 and 97.1 per 10000 person-years , respectively , resulting in a relative increase of 12 % in the intervention arm ( RR = 1.12 , 95 % CI = 1.07 to 1.17 ) . 13 years of follow-up , the cumulative mortality rates from prostate cancer in the intervention and control arms were 3.7 and 3.4 deaths per 10000 person-years , respectively , resulting in a non-statistically significant difference between the two arms ( RR = 1.09 , 95 % CI = 0.87 to 1.36 ) . statistically significant interactions with respect to prostate cancer mortality were observed between trial arm and age ( P ( interaction ) = .81 ) , pretrial PSA testing ( P ( interaction ) = .52 ) , and comorbidity ( P ( interaction ) = .68 ) . 13 years of follow-up , there was no evidence of a mortality benefit for organized annual screening in the PLCO trial compared with opportunistic screening , which forms part of usual care , and there was no apparent interaction with age , baseline comorbidity , or pretrial PSA testing ."
292,Abstract #292,"stroke is one of the major determinants of outcome after acute ischemic stroke . pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effect of cilostazol on progressing stroke . patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke within 24 hours after onset were randomized to receive cilostazol 200 mg/day ( cilostazol group ) or no medication ( control group ) in addition to the optimum medical treatments ( a free radical scavenger plus an antiplatelet agent or an antithrombin agent ) . primary endpoints were the rate of progressing stroke , defined as aggravation of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ( NIHSS ) score by 4 points on days 3 and/or 5 and a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1 at 3 months after enrollment . caused by systemic complications , edema , hemorrhagic infarction , or recurrent stroke was not considered as progressing stroke . trial was registered as UMIN000001630 . total of 510 patients were enrolled from 55 institutions in Japan between February 2009 and July 2010 . rate of progressing stroke was 3.2 % and 6.3 % in the cilostazol and control groups , respectively ( P = .143 ) . modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1 at 3 months did not differ between the groups . failed to show a preventive effect against acute progressing stroke . , the tendency to reduce progressing stroke and the results of stratified analyses may encourage additional studies to clarify the effect of cilostazol in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke ."
293,Abstract #293,"metabolic syndrome ( Msyn ) affects about 40 % of those with hypertension . Msyn and hypertension have a common pathophysiology . is recommended for their treatment , prevention and control . influence of the Msyn on the antihypertensive effects of aerobic exercise is not known . examined the influence of the Msyn on the blood pressure ( BP ) response following low ( LIGHT , 40 % peak oxygen consumption , VO2peak ) and moderate ( MODERATE , 60 % VO2peak ) intensity , aerobic exercise . were 46 men ( 44.3 + / - 1.3 yr ) with pre - to Stage 1 hypertension ( 145.5 + / - 1.6 / 86.3 + / - 1.2 mmHg ) and borderline dyslipidemia . with Msyn ( n = 18 ) had higher fasting insulin , triglycerides and homeostasis model assessment ( HOMA ) and lower high density lipoprotein than men without Msyn ( n = 28 ) ( p < 0.01 ) . consumed a standard meal and 2 hr later completed one of three randomized experiments separated by 48 hr . experiments were a non-exercise control session of seated rest and two cycle bouts ( LIGHT and MODERATE ) . , insulin and glucose were measured before , during and after the 40 min experiments . left the laboratory wearing an ambulatory BP monitor for the remainder of the day . measure ANCOVA tested if BP , insulin and glucose differed over time among experiments in men without and with the Msyn with HOMA as a covariate . regression analyses examined associations among BP , insulin , glucose and the Msyn . BP ( SBP ) was reduced 8 mmHg ( p < 0.05 ) and diastolic BP ( DBP ) 5 mmHg ( p = 0.052 ) after LIGHT compared to non-exercise control over 9 hr among men without versus with Msyn . was not different after MODERATE versus non-exercise control between Msyn groups ( p > or = 0.05 ) . factors accounting for 17 % of the SBP response after LIGHT were baseline SBP ( beta = -0.351 , r2 = 0.123 , p = 0.020 ) , Msyn ( beta = 0.277 , r2 = 0.077 , p = 0.069 ) , and HOMA ( beta = -0.124 , r2 = 0.015 , p = 0.424 ) . ( r2 = 0.096 , p = 0.036 ) was the only significant correlate of the DBP response after LIGHT . without the Msyn respond more favorably to the antihypertensive effects of lower intensity , aerobic exercise than men with the Msyn . future work confirms our findings , important new knowledge will be gained for the personalization of exercise prescriptions among those with hypertension and the Msyn ."
294,Abstract #294,"flaxseed lowers cholesterol in healthy subjects with mild biomarkers of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . aim was to investigate the effects of dietary flaxseed on plasma cholesterol in a patient population with clinically significant CVD and in those administered cholesterol-lowering medications ( CLMs ) , primarily statins . double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of a diet supplemented for 12 mo with foods that contained either 30 g of milled flaxseed [ milled flaxseed treatment ( FX ) group ; n = 58 ] or 30 g of whole wheat [ placebo ( PL ) group ; n = 52 ] in a patient population with peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) . lipids were measured at 0 , 1 , 6 , and 12 mo. . flaxseed in PAD patients resulted in a 15 % reduction in circulating LDL cholesterol as early as 1 mo into the trial ( P = 0.05 ) . concentration in the FX group ( 2.1 0.10 mmol/L ) tended to be less than in the PL group ( 2.5 0.2 mmol/L ) at 6 mo ( P = 0.12 ) , but not at 12 mo ( P = 0.33 ) . cholesterol also tended to be lower in the FX group than in the PL group at 1 mo ( 11 % , P = 0.05 ) and 6 mo ( 11 % , P = 0.07 ) , but not at 12 mo ( P = 0.24 ) . a subgroup of patients taking flaxseed and CLM ( n = 36 ) , LDL-cholesterol concentrations were lowered by 8.5 % 3.0 % compared with baseline after 12 mo. . differed from the PL + CLM subgroup ( n = 26 ) , which increased by 3.0 % 4.4 % ( P = 0.030 ) to a final concentration of 2.2 0.1 mmol/L . flaxseed lowers total and LDL cholesterol in patients with PAD and has additional LDL-cholesterol-lowering capabilities when used in conjunction with CLMs . trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00781950 ."
295,Abstract #295,"the 5-10 % of diabetic men with type 1 diabetes , erectile dysfunction ( ED ) may be a particularly common and unwanted complication . is the first study focusing exclusively on the effects of sildenafil in men with type 1 diabetes and ED . total of 188 patients were entered into a double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group , flexible-dose study and were randomized to receive sildenafil ( 25-100 mg ; n = 95 ) or placebo ( n = 93 ) for 12 weeks . was evaluated using questions three ( Q3 ; achieving an erection ) and four ( Q4 ; maintaining an erection ) from the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) , a global efficacy question ( GEQ ; `` Did treatment improve your erections ? '' ) and a patient event log of sexual activity . in mean scores from baseline to end-of-treatment for IIEF Q3 ( 35.7 vs. 19.9 % ) and Q4 ( 68.4 vs. 26.5 % ) were significant in patients receiving sildenafil compared with those receiving placebo ( P = 0.0001 ) . , the percent of improved erections ( GEQ , 66.6 vs. 28.6 % ) and successful intercourse attempts ( 63 vs. 33 % ) was significantly increased with sildenafil compared with placebo . in sexual function were seen irrespective of the degree of ED severity . events were generally mild to moderate in severity , with headache ( 20 vs. 8 % ) , flushing ( 18 vs. 3 % ) , and dyspepsia ( 8 vs. 1 % ) reported more often in the sildenafil than in placebo-treated patients . with sildenafil for ED was effective , resulting in an increased percentage of successful attempts at intercourse , and was well tolerated among men with type 1 diabetes ."
296,Abstract #296,"study the effectiveness of rehabilitative and medically oriented day hospital care on community-based long-term care patients . randomized , controlled trial . patients on home-care in a rural area were randomized into two groups . in one group were offered a 2-month period of rehabilitation and medical care in a recently opened day hospital , and in the other group patients were offered treatment , as before , in home care . groups were examined at the beginning and at 2 , 5 and 12 months . and medically oriented day hospital care . of health services , physical functioning measured by the Katz ADL Index , subjective health , symptoms , and satisfaction with care . groups used hospitals ( excluding the day hospital treatment ) equally during the follow-up year . treatment group had significantly more specialist consultations than did the control group . were no clinically significant differences in the changes in the Katz ADL Index although more changes were found in the treatment group . number of symptoms was reduced significantly in the treatment group , whereas the number of symptoms remained unchanged in the control group . patients ' views of their own health improved in the treatment group . hospital care affects the quality of life of older people , but it does not reduce the use of other health services , nor does it clinically significantly improve the physical functioning of older people ."
297,Abstract #297,"compare the results of interferon alpha-2b ( IFN alpha-2b ) with mitomycin C ( MMC ) treatment in trabeculectomy . cases 68 eyes with late stage of primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG ) were randomly studied by treatment with IFN alpha-2b or MMC following trabeculectomy , each group consisting of 34 eyes . the cases , 27 were bilateral , one eye was designed to use IFN alpha-2b , and the other eye , apply MMC . patients were ranged from 15 to 40 years old , and they all received the surgery the first time . surgical procedure was similar in all eyes . IFN alpha-2b treated eyes were subconjunctivally injected 5 x 10 ( 5 ) IU at filtering bleb when the operation was finished immediately and on the postoperative day 3 , 7 , 10 and 14 , respectively . MMC-receiving eyes were intraoperatively administered with 0.25 mg/ml via a sponge under the conjunctival flap for 5 minutes . follow-up was ranged from 6 to 15 months . 1 ) The 12th month life-table success rate of functional bleb formation was ( 70.95 + / - 9.72 ) % in IFN alpha-2b-treated group and ( 77.01 + / - 10.51 ) % in MMC-received group , the difference being not statistically significant ( u = 0.2165 , P > 0.05 ) . eyes with IFN alpha-2b tended to form type II blebs were according to Kronfeld classification , whereas type I blebs were commonly seen in MMC-treated eyes ( chi ( 2 ) = 6.261 , P < 0.05 ) . percentages of intraocular pressure between 10 - 15 mmHg on postoperative month 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 , respectively in IFN alpha-2b group were higher than that in MMC group . 2 ) The 12th month life-table complete and qualified success rates were ( 70.95 + / - 9.72 ) % and ( 94.59 + / - 5.26 ) % in IFN alpha-2b group , ( 65.15 + / - 10.51 ) % and ( 84.61 + / - 7.26 ) % in MMC group , respectively ( u = 0.8174 , 0.1011 , P > 0.05 ) . 3 ) Complications induced by IFN alpha-2b were rare , mainly involving transient corneal epithelial defect , whereas by MMC included thin-wall blebs , persistent hypotony and hypotonous maculopathy . decrease of visual acuity was seen in 44.1 % of the cases in MMC group , whereas only 17.6 % occurred in IFN alpha-2b group ( chi ( 2 ) = 5.217 4 , P < 0.05 ) . alpha-2b has similar effect as MMC to reduce the risk of failure of glaucoma filtration surgery , but it has more advantages over because of its fewer complications ."
298,Abstract #298,"studies have measured the ability of interventions to affect declining - cell function in screen-detected type 2 diabetes . Early Diabetes Intervention Programme ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01470937 ) was a randomized study based on the hypothesis that improving postprandial glucose excursions with acarbose would slow the progression of fasting hyperglycaemia in screen-detected type 2 diabetes . the Early Diabetes Intervention Programme , the effect of acarbose plus lifestyle advice on progression of fasting hyperglycaemia over a 5-year period was not greater than that of placebo . , there was an early glucose-lowering effect of the trial . objective of the current secondary analysis was to describe - cell function changes in response to glucose lowering . were overweight adult subjects with screen-detected type 2 diabetes . cell function was measured using hyperglycaemic clamps and oral glucose tolerance testing . primary outcome was the change in - cell function from baseline to year 1 , the time point where the maximal glucose-lowering effect was seen . baseline , participants exhibited markedly impaired first-phase insulin response . significant reductions in weight , fasting plasma glucose ( PG ) and 2-h PG , there was no clinically significant improvement in the first-phase insulin response . insulin responses declined despite beneficial glycaemic effects of interventions . secretion is already severely impaired in early , screen-detected type 2 diabetes . glucose-lowering intervention with acarbose was not sufficient to improve insulin secretion or halt the decline of - cell function ."
299,Abstract #299,"compare the efficacy of ciclesonide ( 80 microg/day ) with fluticasone propionate ( 200 microg/day ) in mild to moderate persistent asthma . aged 12-75 years and previously treated with low doses of inhaled corticosteroid ( fluticasone propionate 250 microg/day or equivalent ) entered a 2-4 week run-in period during which only rescue medication was permitted . inclusion into the double-blind , 24-week treatment period , patients had to show a forced expiratory volume in 1s ( FEV ( 1 ) ) of 61-90 % predicted and a decrease in FEV ( 1 ) during run-in of > or = 10 % . ( n = 480 ) were randomized to ciclesonide 80 microg ( ex-actuator ) once daily in the evening or fluticasone propionate 100 microg ( ex-valve ) twice daily . primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline in FEV ( 1 ) . efficacy variables included asthma control and asthma-specific quality of life . treatments significantly increased FEV ( 1 ) and other lung function variables from baseline ( p < 0.0001 , both groups , all variables ) . least squares mean increases in FEV ( 1 ) were 0.46 L ( ciclesonide ) and 0.52 L ( fluticasone propionate ) ; non-inferiority of ciclesonide to fluticasone propionate was demonstrated ( p = 0.0002 , per-protocol analysis ) . patients in each group experienced asthma exacerbations . in the percent of days with asthma control ( days with no asthma symptoms and no use of rescue medication ) and asthma-specific quality of life were comparable between treatments . study confirmed similar efficacy of ciclesonide 80 microg once daily and fluticasone propionate 100 microg twice daily in mild to moderate persistent asthma . low dose of ciclesonide was efficacious during long-term treatment . number : 2004-001072-39 ."
300,Abstract #300,"absorption was determined from calcium-fortified diluted orange juice , which contained additional citrate or malate , in 16 normal subjects . load of fortified orange juice with additional citrate ( OJ+C ) contained 300 mg Ca , 5.7 mEq malate , and 33.6 mEq citrate ( 10.4 mEq of which were added ) . load of orange juice with additional malate ( OJ+M ) had 300 mg Ca , 23.2 mEq citrate and 16.1 mEq malate ( 10.4 mEq of which were added ) . each subject , fractional ( intestinal ) calcium absorption was measured by taking the ratio of fractional forearm radioactivity following an oral administration of OJ+C or OJ+M ( labeled with 47Ca ) and the fractional forearm radioactivity obtained after intravenous administration of trace 47Ca chloride on a separate occasion . was no significant difference in fractional calcium absorption from the two calcium-fortified orange juice preparations ( 40.1 + / - 8.3 % for OJ+C and 40.6 + / - 8.6 % for OJ+M , p = 0.81 ) . orange juice with additional citrate provides equivalent bioavailable calcium as the juice with additional malate ."
301,Abstract #301,"the prevalence , echocardiographic features and potential predictors of iatrogenic ASD ( iASD ) created with the MitraClip guiding catheter . repair of mitral regurgitation ( MR ) with the MitraClip device ( Abbott Vascular , Menlo Park , CA ) , is performed through a 22-French transseptal guiding catheter . echocardiographic prevalence of iASDs after the MitraClip procedure has not been reported . subjects undergoing MitraClip repair during the roll-in phase of the EVEREST II randomized trial who had baseline , 30 day , 6 and 12 month transthoracic echocardiograms ( TTEs ) available for review were included . who underwent surgery for MR within the first 12 months were excluded . iASD size , right ventricular ( RV ) size , left atrial ( LA ) volume , and tricuspid/MR grade were quantified . were found at 12 months in 8 patients ( 27 % ) with a mean diameter of 6.6 3.1 mm . with iASD at 12 months had more residual MR , increased TR and a trend toward larger LA volumes than non-iASD patients . % of non-ASD patients were free from MR > 2 + at 12 mos . 38 % of those with iASD ( p = 0.016 ) . were no other significant associations between clinical and echocardiographic variables and the persistence of iASD . MitraClip repair , persistent iASDs occur at a rate comparable to reports after other transseptal interventional procedures and do not appear hemodynamically significant . with persistent iASDs had less MR reduction at 12-months and a trend toward larger LA volumes , suggesting that increased LA pressure may be a mechanism for persistent iASD ."
302,Abstract #302,"objectives of this double-blind study were to assess the tolerability and i.v. tyramine pressor response during combined treatment with moclobemide and selegiline . parallel groups of 12 healthy male and female subjects were treated with 200 mg moclobemide or 5 mg selegiline b.d. for 14 days . Day 7 , selegiline or moclobemide was added to the other treatment . tyramine pressor tests were conducted at baseline and at steady state during mono - and combined treatment . with moclobemide and selegiline alone was well tolerated , whereas combined treatment led to a slight increase in adverse events . pressor sensitivity during moclobemide , selegiline and moclobemide + selegiline treatment was enhanced , on average , by 2.4 - , 1.3 - and 8.4-times , respectively . combined treatment with moclobemide and selegiline was well tolerated , the supra-additive potentiation of the tyramine pressor effects means that dietary restriction of tyramine intake will be necessary during such combination therapy ."
303,Abstract #303,"explore the effects of different anesthesia Methods on the cellular immune function and mean arterial pressure , heart rate in patients with abdominal tumor in the peri-operational period . were anesthetized by general anesthesia ( GA ) , combined acupuncture-general anesthesia ( AGA ) , combined epidural-general anesthesia ( EGA ) , and combined acupuncture-epidural-general anesthesia ( AEA ) , respectively . of T lymphocyte subsets and hemodynamics were observed at different time points before and after treatment . ' cellular immune function after GA was lowered , which could be alleviated by combination of GA with acupuncture anesthesia ( AA ) or with epidural anesthesia . acupuncture-drug anesthesia showed a stabilizing effect on hemodynamics in peri-operational period to some extent . and AGA are good anesthesia choice in clinical practice , which would be favorable for early recovery of immune function in patients with abdominal tumor after operation ."
304,Abstract #304,"compare intraocular pressure ( IOP ) measured by a Goldmann applanation tonometer ( GAT ) , a noncontact tonometer ( NCT ) , and a portable noncontact tonometer ( PNCT ) in eyes of healthy volunteers , and to determine if a significant correlation exists between the IOP and the central corneal thickness ( CCT ) . total of 144 healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups ; in the first group , IOP was measured first with the NCT and then with the GAT . the second group , IOP was measured first with the PNCT and then with the GAT . , the CCT of all subjects was measured with an ultrasonic pachymeter . IOPs determined by the GAT and NCT and were strongly correlated , as were those determined by the GAT and PNCT , in both groups . , a Bland-Altman plot showed that the correlations between the GAT and NCT and between the GAT and the PNCT measurements were not significant . all three instruments , the IOP readings varied with the CCT . mean IOPs obtained with the GAT increased by 0.23 mmHg with each 10-microm increase in CCT ( 0.23 mmHg/10 microm ) . comparable value for the NCT was 0.29 mmHg/10 microm , and that for the PNCT was 0.31 mmHg/10 microm . measurements of IOP in normal eyes , the GAT is the tonometer least affected by the CCT , compared with the PNCT and NCT . PNCT is more likely to be affected by variations in CCT than the GAT ."
305,Abstract #305,"explore the role of gastro-pulmonary infection route in the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia ( VAP ) , so as to improve the management of VAP . patients who received mechanical ventilation ( MV ) were enrolled in the study . contents were labeled with ( 99 ) mTc-DTPA . two-period crossover trial was employed to determine the radioactive level in the oropharyngeal and bronchial secretion when patients were in supine or semi-reclining position . juice , oropharyngeal secretion and tracheal lavage fluid were collected for bacterial culture every other day . lavage fluid ( BALF ) was harvested from those suspected of VAP for quantitative bacterial culture . site amplification ( IRS-PCR ) was employed in the identification of the identity of the bacteria from intra-gastric colonization with those causing VAP . sIgA content in the BALF was determined . gastroesophageal regurgitation rate was higher ( 89.7 % ) with lower aspiration rate ( 28.5 % ) in patients receiving MV . , the aspiration rate and the radioactivity of deep tracheal aspirates in patients in supine position were significantly higher than those in semi-reclining position ( P < 0.01 ) . was high homology of the bacteria isolated from intra-gastric colonization with that causing VAP ( 55.8 % ) . sIgA content in BALF in VAP patients was evidently lower than that in non-VAP patients ( P < 0.01 ) . and aspiration of stomach contents are very common in patients receiving MV . colonized bacteria might be one of the important origins causing VAP . lowering of sIgA in BALF in patients with MV could be a risk factor for VAP ."
306,Abstract #306,"assess the efficacy , safety , tolerability and pharmacokinetics of BIBF 1120 in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . with locally advanced or metastatic relapsed NSCLC in whom first - or second-line platinum-based chemotherapy failed were randomly allocated to daily 250 mg BIBF 1120 b.i.d. or 150 mg BIBF 1120 b.i.d. Primary end points were progression-free survival ( PFS ) and objective tumour response ( RECIST ) . and severity of adverse events ( AEs ) were reported . patients received BIBF 1120 . PFS was 6.9 weeks , with no significant difference between treatment arms . overall survival ( OS ) was 21.9 weeks . Cooperative Oncology Group ( ECOG ) 0-1 patients ( n = 56 ) had a median PFS of 11.6 weeks and a median OS of 37.7 weeks . stabilisation was achieved in 46 % of patients ( ECOG 0-1 patients : 59 % ) , with one confirmed partial response ( 250 mg b.i.d. ) . commonly reported drug-related AEs were nausea ( 57.5 % ) , diarrhoea ( 47.9 % ) , vomiting ( 42.5 % ) , anorexia ( 28.8 % ) , abdominal pain ( 13.7 % ) and reversible alanine transaminase ( 13.7 % ) and aspartate aminotransferase elevations ( 9.6 % ) . 1120 displayed dose-linear pharmacokinetic characteristics . treatment with BIBF 1120 was well tolerated , with no difference in efficacy between treatment arms . and objective response with single-agent treatment in advanced disease warrants further exploration ."
307,Abstract #307,"compare the vascular responses to hormone therapy in women with and without hot flushes . randomly assigned 143 healthy , recently postmenopausal women ( mean age 52.4 + / -0.2 years , time since menopause 19.5 + / -0.9 months ) with intolerable hot flushes ( more than seven moderate/severe episodes per day ) or tolerable hot flushes ( fewer than three mild episodes per day ) to receive 1 mg of transdermal estradiol gel , oral estradiol ( 2 mg ) with and without daily medroxyprogesterone acetate , or placebo for 6 months . function was assessed by pulse-wave analysis and endothelial function testing with nitroglycerin and salbutamol challenges . flushes did not affect the changes in arterial or aortic stiffness or endothelial function in response to various forms of hormone therapy . , in women with tolerable hot flushes , oral estradiol caused a decrease of 13.2 % ( P = .028 ) in the time to the first systolic peak ( dependent on the rapid phase of ventricular ejection ) after nitroglycerin . addition , the time to the reflected wave ( dependent on pulse-wave velocity ) after nitroglycerin was decreased by 8.4 % ( P = .018 ) . effects were not seen in women with intolerable hot flushes or with the other treatment regimens . without troublesome hot flushes are susceptible to unfavorable vascular effects after oral estrogen treatment , resulting in less compliant vasculature . , www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00668603 ."
308,Abstract #308,"measure the analgesic effectiveness of the 5 S 's ( swaddling , side/stomach position , shushing , swinging , and sucking ) alone and combined with sucrose , during routine immunizations at 2 and 4 months . conducted a prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled trial with 2 - and 4-month-old infants during well-child visits . were assigned into 4 groups ( 2 2 ) receiving either 2 mL of water or 2 mL of 24 % oral sucrose and then either standard-of-care comfort measures by parents or intervention with the 5 S 's immediately postvaccination . Modified Riley Pain Score was used to score the infants ' pain at 15-second intervals for 2 minutes , then every 30 seconds up to 5 minutes postvaccination . analysis of variance examined between group differences and within-subject variability of treatment effect on overall pain scores and length of crying . hundred thirty infants were enrolled . revealed significantly different mean pain scores between study groups with the exception of the 5S 's and 5S 's with sucrose groups . 2 groups had lower similar mean scores over time , followed by sucrose alone , then control . same trend was found with the proportion of children crying as with the mean pain score outcome measure . intervention of the 5 S 's ( swaddling , side/stomach position , shushing , swinging , and sucking ) provided decreased pain scores on a validated pain scale and decreased crying time among 2 - and 4-month-old infants during routine vaccinations . use of 5S 's did not differ from 5S 's and sucrose ."
309,Abstract #309,"assess the feasibility of a Randomised Controlled Trial ( RCT ) design of usual care compared with usual care plus adjunctive care by a homeopath for patients with Fibromyalgia syndrome ( FMS ) . a pragmatic parallel group RCT design , adults with a diagnosis of FMS ( ACR criteria ) were randomly allocated to usual care or usual care plus adjunctive care by a homeopath . care consisted of five in depth interviews and individualised homeopathic medicines . primary outcome measure was the difference in Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ( FIQ ) total score at 22 weeks . patients were recruited . out rate in the usual care group was higher than the homeopath care group ( 8/24 vs 3/23 ) . for baseline , there was a significantly greater mean reduction in the FIQ total score ( function ) in the homeopath care group than the usual care group ( -7.62 vs 3.63 ) . were significantly greater reductions in the homeopath care group in the McGill pain score , FIQ fatigue and tiredness upon waking scores . found a small effect on pain score ( 0.21 , 95 % CI -1.42 to 1.84 ) ; but a large effect on function ( 0.81 , 95 % CI -8.17 to 9.79 ) . were no reported adverse events . the acceptability of the treatment and the clinically relevant effect on function , there is a need for a definitive study to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of adjunctive healthcare by a homeopath for patients with FMS ."
310,Abstract #310,"study sought to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of adenosine A1-receptor blockade on diuresis and renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure ( ADHF ) and renal impairment or diuretic resistance . loop diuretics are the mainstay of therapy for patients with ADHF . , however , may be complicated by diuretic resistance and/or worsening renal function . carried out a pair of randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , proof-of-concept studies in 2 clinically challenging ADHF populations . the ADHF protocol , 146 patients with volume overload and an estimated creatinine clearance ( CrCl ) of 20 to 80 ml/min were randomized to placebo or 1 of 4 doses of KW-3902 ( rolofylline ) infused over 2 h daily for up to 3 days . day 1 , KW-3902 monotherapy increased urine output during the first 6 h ( 445 , 531 , 631 , and 570 ml in the 2.5 - , 15 - , 30 - , and 60-mg groups , respectively ) compared with placebo ( 374 ml ; p = 0.02 ) . day 2 , serum creatinine decreased in all KW-3902 groups and increased with placebo ( p = 0.04 ) . day 4 or day of discharge if earlier , intravenous furosemide administration tended to be lower in the KW-3902 groups compared with placebo ( p = 0.10 ) . the diuretic-resistant protocol , 35 patients with an average CrCl of 34 ml/min were randomized to a single infusion of placebo , 10 , 30 , or 60 mg of KW-3902 . with placebo , KW-3902 increased hourly urine volume and estimated CrCl with peak effects occurring at 2 to 3 h and at 24 h , respectively . events were not different between placebo and KW-3902 . patients with ADHF and volume overload , KW-3902 , an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist , enhances the response to loop diuretics and may have a renal protective effect ."
311,Abstract #311,"evaluate bimatoprost versus latanoprost and timolol fixed combination ( LTFC ) over the 24-hour diurnal curve in patients who switched from timolol . this prospective , observer-masked , randomized clinical trial , 64 patients whose intraocular pressures ( IOPs ) were not effectively controlled with timolol were enrolled . pretrial visit IOPs and central corneal thickness were measured . the baseline visit , timolol was replaced by bimatoprost or LTFC . were recorded at 8 AM , noon , 4 PM , 8 PM , midnight , and 4 AM at baseline , week 8 , and week 16 visits . baseline and week 8 visits , there was no significant difference between the LTFC and bimatoprost group for the mean IOPs at 6 time points in 24 hours , the mean diurnal IOP , and range of diurnal IOP . week 16 , the mean IOP of the bimatoprost group ( 15.72 mm Hg ) at 8 AM and 12 o ' clock , midnight , was statistically significantly lower than that of the LTFC group ( 16.81.5 and 16.91.7 mm Hg ; P = 0.03 and 0.002 ) . statistically significant difference was not found between the proportions of patients who had 15 % and 20 % decrease in mean diurnal IOP and the mean daytime , nighttime , diurnal IOP reductions of the 2 study groups at weeks 8 and 16 ( P > 0.05 ) . the bimatoprost group punctate epitheliopathy , conjunctival hyperemia , and lid erythema were found to be more frequent . LTFC and bimatoprost therapies were equally effective in maintaining IOP at lower levels during the 24-hour period in patients who switched from timolol therapy . events were more frequent with bimatoprost therapy ."
312,Abstract #312,"assess the impact of the development of high - or low-affinity insulin antibodies ( IABs ) on postprandial glucose tolerance , duration of insulin action , and clinical safety in patients with type 1 diabetes receiving inhaled insulin ( Exubera ) . study consisted of a prospective , randomized , open-label , parallel-group trial in which 47 patients with type 1 diabetes received NPH insulin twice daily plus either premeal inhaled insulin ( INH group ; n = 24 ) or pre-meal subcutaneous regular insulin ( SC group ; n = 23 ) for 24 weeks . challenge and euglycemic clamp studies were performed on consecutive days at baseline , week 12 , and week 24 . events were monitored . the INH and SC groups , mean ( + / - SD ) IAB levels were 3.5 + / - 3.9 and 2.6 + / - 4.1 muU/ml at baseline , respectively , compared with 101.4 + / - 140.4 and 4.3 + / - 9.4 microU/ml at week 24 . week 24 , the changes from baseline were similar for the INH and SC groups for maximal plasma glucose concentration ( C ( max ) ) ( adjusted ratio for treatment group difference 0.99 [ 90 % CI 0.95-1 .03 ] ) , area under the plasma glucose concentration time curve ( adjusted ratio for treatment group difference 0.98 [ 0.88-1 .08 ] ) , and duration of insulin action ( adjusted treatment group difference 29 min [ -49 to 108 ] ) . adverse events were attributed to IABs . patients with type 1 diabetes treated with inhaled insulin , development of high - or low-affinity IABs did not impair postprandial glucose tolerance , alter the time-action profile of insulin , or impact tolerability . clinical relevance of IABs was identified in this study ."
313,Abstract #313,"estimate the effect of state Medicaid nursing home reimbursement rates on hospitalizations of nursing home residents . sample of nongovernment-owned nursing homes with 25 beds or more in one Metropolitan Statistical Area in each of 10 states in 1993 , with 6 months follow-up on mortality and hospitalizations . hundred fifty-three nursing homes . to 16 randomly selected residents from each facility , totaling 2,080 . Data Set assessments conducted by research nurses at baseline . three-category 6-month outcome was defined as ( 1 ) any hospitalization ; for those not hospitalized , ( 2 ) death versus ( 3 ) alive in the facility . multinomial logistic regression , adjusted to survey design , controlling for resident and facility characteristics , a 10 dollar increase in 1993 Medicaid reimbursement rate above the mean rate of approximately 75 dollars resulted in a 9 % reduction in a resident 's risk of hospitalization ( P < .05 ) . Medicaid reimbursement rates appear to affect clinical decisions regarding the need for hospital admission and thresholds for nursing home use . findings from this study reemphasize the importance of properly aligning state Medicaid and federal Medicare long-term care policies because , currently , states have no incentive to increase reimbursement rates to avoid hospitalization ."
314,Abstract #314,"determine whether the addition of aminoglutethimide to tamoxifen is able to improve the outcome in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive , early-stage breast cancer . total of 2,021 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive either tamoxifen for 5 years alone or tamoxifen in combination with aminoglutethimide ( 500 mg/d ) for the first 2 years of treatment . was administered at 40 mg/d for the first 2 years and at 20 mg/d for 3 years . randomized and eligible patients were included in the analysis according to the intention-to-treat principle . a median follow-up of 5.3 years , the 5-year disease-free survival in the aminoglutethimide plus tamoxifen group was 83.6 % versus 83.7 % in the monotherapy group ( P = .89 ) . corresponding data for overall survival at 5 years were 91.4 % and 91.2 % , respectively ( P = .74 ) . patients failed to complete combination treatment ( 13.7 % ) because of side effects as compared to tamoxifen alone ( 5.2 % ; P = .0001 ) . given for 2 years in addition to tamoxifen for 5 years does not improve the prognosis of postmenopausal patients with receptor-positive , lymph node-negative or lymph node-positive breast cancer ."
315,Abstract #315,"assess the rate of R ( 0 ) resection of liver metastases achieved after chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX . with histologically proven primary colorectal cancer and bidimensionally measurable liver metastasis , not fully resectable based on technical inability to achieve R ( 0 ) resection , but potentially resectable after tumor reduction , were given FOLFIRINOX : oxaliplatin 85 mg/m ( 2 ) , irinotecan 180 mg/m ( 2 ) , leucovorin 400 mg/m ( 2 ) , bolus fluorouracil 400 mg/m ( 2 ) and fluorouracil 46-h continuous IV infusion 2,400 mg/m ( 2 ) , every 2 weeks for a maximum of 12 cycles . patients were enrolled . rate before surgery was 70.6 % ( 95 % CI : 52.5-84 .9 ) . patients ( 82.4 % ) underwent hepatic resection and nine achieved R ( 0 ) resection [ 26.5 % ( 95 % CI : 12.9-44 .4 % ) ] . rate of clinical complete remission after surgery was 79.4 % . overall survival was 83 % . most frequent grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia ( 64.8 % ) , diarrhea ( 29.4 % ) , fatigue ( 23.5 % ) , abdominal cramps ( 14.7 % ) , neuropathy and nausea ( 11.8 % each ) , and AST/ALT elevation ( 14.7 / 11.8 % ) . one patient experienced febrile neutropenia , four patients withdrew due to toxicity and no toxic death was observed . , with an acceptable toxicity profile , shows a high response rate in liver metastases from colorectal cancer . rate of hepatic resection in patients initially not resectable , is attractive and warrants further assessment of this regimen in randomized studies compared to standard regimens ."
316,Abstract #316,"compare the effects of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized prostacyclin ( PGI2 ) on hemodynamics and gas exchange as well as on the indocyanine-green plasma disappearance rate and gastric intramucosal pH in patients with septic shock . , randomized , interventional clinical study . care unit in a university hospital . patients with pulmonary hypertension and septic shock according to the criteria of the ACCP/SCCM consensus conference all requiring norepinephrine and/or epinephrine to maintain mean arterial blood pressure above 65 mmHg . were randomly assigned to receive either nitric oxide or aerosolized prostacyclin . oxide was inhaled using a commercially available delivery system , prostacyclin was administered with a modified ultrasound nebulizer . nitric oxide and prostacyclin were incrementally adjusted to obtain a 15 % decrease of mean pulmonary artery pressure . and gas exchange as well as indocyanine-green plasma disappearance rate and gastric intramucosal pH were determined at baseline after 90 min in steady state , after 90 min of nitric oxide inhalation or prostacyclin aerosol administration had elapsed in stable conditions , and after 90 min in stable conditions after nitric oxide or prostacyclin withdrawal . inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized prostacyclin selectively reduced the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 35 + / - 4 , 30 + / - 4 mmHg ( p < 0.05 ) and 34 + / - 4 to 30 + / - 3 mmHg ( p < 0.05 ) respectively ; after removal of nitric oxide and prostacyclin , the mean pulmonary artery pressure returned to the baseline values . hemodynamics remained unaltered during the vasodilator treatment . the mean PaO2 was not significantly influenced , it increased in 4/8 of the NO - and 3/8 of the PGI2-treated patients . of the drugs influenced indocyanine-green plasma disappearance rate , but prostacyclin -- unlike nitric oxide -- significantly increased gastric intramucosal pH ( from 7.26 + / - 0.07 to 7.30 + / - 0.05 , p < 0.05 ) which remained elevated in four of these patients after prostacyclin removal , and decreased the arterial-gastric mucosal pressure of carbon dioxide gap from 19 + / - 6 to 15 + / - 4 mmHg ( p < 0.05 ) . data suggest that aerosolized prostacyclin -- unlike nitric oxide -- has similar beneficial effects on splanchnic perfusion and oxygenation as intravenous prostacyclin without detrimental effects on systemic hemodynamics . different effects of prostacyclin and nitric oxide might be explained by the longer half-life of prostacyclin associated with a certain spillover into the systemic circulation ."
317,Abstract #317,"prospective , randomized clinical trial to assess the effect of reducing the volume of irradiated normal tissue on acute reactions in pelvic radiotherapy accured 266 evaluable patients between 1988 and 1993 . is the definitive analysis to assess the differences between the conformal and conventional arms of the trial . both arms , patients were treated with 6 MV X-rays using a 3-field technique ( in all but 5 cases ) consisting of an anterior and two wedged lateral or posterior oblique fields ; in the conventional arm , rectangular fields were employed , whereas in the conformal arm , the fields were shaped with customized blocks drawn according to the beam 's - eye-view of the target volume . most common dosage was 64 Gy in 2-Gy fractions 5 times a week , although a subgroup ( of ca . patients ) were treated with 30-36 Gy in once-a-week 6 Gy fractions . patients completed a comprehensive acute toxicity scoring questionnaire concentrating on bowel and bladder problems , tiredness and nausea , before the start of treatment , weekly during and for 3 weeks after the end of treatment and then monthly for a further 2 months . was excellent . were no differences between the patients in the two arms with respect to age , gender , tumour type ( 52 % prostate , 41 % bladder , 5 % rectum , 2 % other ) fractionation/dosage , anterior field size , weight , or baseline symptoms . differences in normal-tissue volumes ( rectum , bladder , etc. ) were achieved : median high-dose volume ( HDV ) of 689 cm3 for the conformal technique versus 792 cm3 for the conventional . clear pattern of an increase in symptoms during RT , followed by a decrease after RT , was observed for the patient group as a whole . , a very extensive analysis has not revealed any ( statistically ) significant differences between the two arms in level of symptoms , nor in medication prescribed . disparity between our findings and those of other , non-randomized studies is discussed . data on late effects must be collected and analyzed before any definite conclusions can be drawn on the benefits of conformal therapy in the pelvis ."
318,Abstract #318,"catheters ( TCC ) are often used among the elderly to commence and carry out haemodialysis ( HD ) . like infection and thrombosis frequently reduce the lifespan of TCC . role of an antibiotic heparin ` lock ' in the prevention of thrombotic and infectious complications and enhancement of TCC survival in the elderly has not been investigated previously . this prospective , double-blind clinical trial , TCC ( n = 119 , placed among 113 elderly patients requiring HD during March 2002 - February 2003 ) were randomised to either group I having TCC ( n = 59 , placed in 58 elderly patients ) locked with cefotaxime ( 10 mg/mL ) and heparin ( 5000 U/mL ) , or group II with TCC ( n = 60 , placed in 55 elderly patients ) having catheter-restricted filling of heparin ( 5000 U/mL ) alone . catheter-related blood stream infections ( CRBSI ) and catheter thrombosis were the primary end points in this study . was defined as an inability to use the catheter at a blood flow of 200 mL/min that did not respond to catheter repositioning and/or intraluminal thrombolysis . incidence of catheter thrombosis , CRBSI and percentage of catheter survival were estimated and statistically compared between the two groups . survival analysis using log rank test showed higher thrombosis-free TCC survival ( 84.7 % vs 63.3 % , P = 0.021 ) , infection-free survival ( 68.7 % vs 31.3 % , P < 0.001 ) and infection and thrombosis-free survival ( 65.0 % vs 35.0 % , P = 0.006 ) at 365 days in group I compared with group II . and heparin locks safely and effectively enhance the lifespan of TCC by lowering the incidence of thrombotic and infectious complications among elderly end-stage renal failure ( ESRD ) patients ."
319,Abstract #319,"long-term follow-up study with nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) imaging was undertaken to detect the morphological onset and to establish the early diagnosis in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( HCM ) . spadelike configuration on left ventriculogram ( LVG ) is regarded as a diagnostic criterion for the classical apical HCM . also exists a segmented hypertrophy at the apical level without indicating the spadelike features ( a nonspade configuration ) . detect the hypertrophied myocardium of the nonspade configuration , circumferential scrutiny of the apex is required . both configurations can be underlying causes of giant negative T waves , etiological relationship between the two is not clarified . criteria for the spadelike configuration defined on left ventricular short-axis NMR images were as follows : ( apical maximal thickness > or = 15 mm ) , ( apical anterior thickness over basal anterior thickness > or = 1.3 ) and ( apical posterior thickness over basal posterior thickness > or = 1.3 ) . patients who had predominant hypertrophy ( > or = 15 mm ) at the apical level without the spadelike configuration underwent NMR imaging twice before and after 54 + / -10 months ' follow-up . hypertrophy that had been confined to the lateral wall in four , the anterior-lateral wall in two , and the septal-anterior wall in one developed to become circumferential hypertrophy that fulfilled the criteria for the spadelike configuration after the follow-up period . spadelike configuration can begin with the nonspade configuration and therefore , both can constitute a single disease entity of apical HCM . early diagnosis of apical HCM can be achieved by identifying the hypertrophy frequently confined to the lateral wall at the apical level ."
320,Abstract #320,"determine efficacy of midazolam as a sedative in mechanically ventilated newborns . blind randomized placebo controlled trial . Unit of Tertiary Hospital . over 48 h of observation . with birth weight less than 2000 g who were mechanically ventilated within 7 days of life were randomly assigned to midazolam and placebo group . and placebo were administered as bolus ( 0.2 mg/kg ) followed by continuous infusion ( 0.06 mg/kg/h ) . groups received morphine infusion ( 10 microg/kg/h ) . score was noted at 6 hourly intervals for 48 hours . variables , ventilatory variables , complications and side effects of treatments were also recorded . neonates were enrolled ( 17 in midazolam , 16 in placebo group ) . groups were comparable for birth weights and gestation . midazolam group had significantly better sedation from 18-24 hours after enrollment compared to placebo group . 48 h there were no significant differences in proportion of infants with adequate sedation between midazolam and placebo group . two groups were comparable with respect to heart rate , perfusion , ventilatory indices and blood gas parameters . of the infants were noted to have hypotension on loading with midazolam or placebo . were noted in 2 neonates in placebo group 24 hours after enrollment ( insignificant statistically ) . provided by continuous infusion of midazolam and morphine appears to be comparable to morphine alone in newborn babies on mechanical ventilation , with no significant adverse effects . course of mechanical ventilation is not influenced by use of midazolam ."
321,Abstract #321,"analyze different events that determine event-free survival ( EFS ) in a randomized trial on adjuvant radiotherapy in early breast cancer patients with more than 15 years of follow-up evaluation . trial included 960 patients with a unilateral , operable breast cancer . consisted of a modified radical mastectomy . trial compared three arms , as follows : preoperative radiotherapy , postoperative radiotherapy , and no adjuvant treatment . were analyzed by a competing-risk approach . proportional hazards multiple regression model was used to analyze the effects of radiotherapy on the risk of distant metastasis . analyses were performed separately for node-negative [ N ( - ) ] and node-positive [ N ( + ) ] patients in the two groups that did not include preoperative radiotherapy . produced a fivefold decrease of the risk of local recurrence ( P < .0001 ) . N ( + ) patients , postoperative radiotherapy decreased the risk of distant dissemination ( relative risk , 0.63 ) . local recurrence was introduced in the model as a time-dependent covariate , this factor was predictive of distant dissemination ( P < .0001 ) and nullified the effect of postoperative radiotherapy . finding suggests that the decrease of distant metastases was related to the prevention of local recurrence . similar effect was found in models that used overall survival as an end point . study shows that postmastectomy radiotherapy in N ( + ) breast cancer patients may decrease the distant metastasis rate by preventing local recurrences and thus avoiding secondary dissemination ."
322,Abstract #322,"excision is the international standard surgical procedure for lower rectal cancer . , lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis occasionally occurs in patients with clinical stage II or stage III rectal cancer , and therefore mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection is the standard procedure in Japan . did a randomised controlled trial to confirm that the results of mesorectal excision alone are not inferior to those of mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection . study was undertaken at 33 major hospitals in Japan . criteria included histologically proven rectal cancer of clinical stage II or stage III , with the main lesion located in the rectum with the lower margin below the peritoneal reflection , and no lateral pelvic lymph node enlargement . surgeons had confirmed macroscopic R0 resection by mesorectal excision , patients were intraoperatively randomised to mesorectal excision alone or with lateral lymph node dissection . groups were balanced by a minimisation method according to clinical N staging ( N0 or N1 , 2 ) , sex , and institution . procedure was not masked to investigators or patients . study is now in the follow-up stage . primary endpoint is relapse-free survival and will be reported after the primary analysis planned for 2015 . , we compare operation time , blood loss , postoperative morbidity ( grade 3 or 4 ) , and hospital mortality between the two groups . was by intention-to-treat . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00190541 . patients were randomly assigned to mesoretcal excision with lateral lymph node dissection and 350 to mesorectal excision alone , between June 11 , 2003 , and Aug 6 , 2010 . patient in the mesorectal excision alone group underwent lateral lymph node dissection , but was analysed in their assigned group . time was significantly longer in the mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection group ( median 360 min , IQR 296-429 ) than in the mesorectal excision alone group ( 254 min , 210-307 , p < 00001 ) . loss was significantly higher in the mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection group ( 576 mL , IQR 352-900 ) than in the mesorectal excision alone group ( 337 mL , 170-566 ; p < 00001 ) . ( 7 % ) patients in the mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection group had lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis . 3-4 postoperative complications occurred in 76 ( 22 % ) patients in the mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection group and 56 ( 16 % ) patients in the mesorectal excision alone group . most common grade 3 or 4 postoperative complication was anastomotic leakage ( 18 [ 6 % ] patients in the mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection group vs 13 [ 5 % ] in the mesorectal excision alone group ; p = 046 ) . patient in the mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection group died of anastomotic leakage followed by sepsis . excision with lateral lymph node dissection required a significantly longer operation time and resulted in significantly greater blood loss than mesorectal excision alone . primary analysis will help to show whether or not mesorectal excision alone is non-inferior to mesorectal excision with lateral lymph node dissection . Cancer Center , Ministry of Health , Labour and Welfare of Japan ."
323,Abstract #323,"measles vaccine ( MV ) , all-cause mortality is reduced more than can be explained by the prevention of measles , especially in females . aimed to study the biological mechanisms underlying the observed non-specific and sex-differential effects of MV on mortality . a large randomised trial of MV at 4.5 months of age blood samples were obtained before and six weeks after randomisation to early MV or no early MV . measured concentrations of cytokines and soluble receptors from plasma ( interleukin-1 receptor agonist ( IL-1Ra ) , IL-6 , IL-8 , IL-10 , tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) - , monocyte chemoattractant protein ( MCP ) -1 , soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor ) , and secreted cytokines ( interferon - , TNF - , IL-5 , IL-10 , IL-13 , IL-17 ) after in vitro challenge with innate agonists and recall antigens . analysed the effect of MV in multiple imputation regression , overall and stratified by sex . majority of the infants had previously been enrolled in a randomised trial of neonatal vitamin A. Post hoc we explored the potential effect modification by neonatal vitamin A. , MV versus no MV was associated with higher plasma MCP-1 levels , but the effect was only significant among females . , MV was associated with increased plasma IL-1Ra . had significantly positive effects on plasma IL-1Ra and IL-8 levels in females , but not in males . effects were strongest in vitamin A supplemented infants . A shifted the effect of MV in a pro-inflammatory direction . this explorative study we found indications of sex-differential effects of MV on several of the plasma biomarkers investigated ; in particular MV increased levels in females , most strongly in vitamin A recipients . findings support that sex and micronutrient supplementation should be taken into account when analysing vaccine effects . number NCT 00168545 ."
324,Abstract #324,"study compared the effects of a distributed form of constraint-induced therapy with control intervention in motor recovery and brain reorganization after stroke . two-group randomized controlled trial with pretreatment and posttreatment measures was conducted . patients with stroke were randomly assigned to the distributed form of constraint-induced therapy ( n = 5 ) or the control intervention group ( n = 8 ) . measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment , the Motor Activity Log , and functional magnetic resonance imaging examination . number of activation voxels and laterality index were determined from the functional magnetic resonance imaging data for the study of brain reorganization . distributed form of constraint-induced therapy group exhibited significantly greater improvements in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Motor Activity Log than the control intervention group . functional magnetic resonance imaging data showed that distributed form of constraint-induced therapy significantly increased activation in the contralesional hemisphere during movement of the affected and unaffected hand . control intervention group showed a decrease in primary sensorimotor cortex activation of the ipsilesional hemisphere during movement of the affected hand . preliminary findings indicate that brain adaptation may be modulated by specific rehabilitation practices , although generalization of the functional magnetic resonance imaging findings is limited by sample size . research is needed to identify the specific neural correlates of the behavioral gains achieved after rehabilitation therapies ."
325,Abstract #325,"study evaluated the clinical and metabolic effects of full-mouth scaling and root planing ( FMSRP ) compared to partial-mouth scaling and root planing ( PMSRP ) in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis , and it assessed the impact of the glycemic status on the clinical and metabolic response to periodontal therapy . this clinical trial , 18 subjects with diabetes received FMSRP in a maximum of 24 hours , and 18 subjects received PMSRP in a maximum of 21 days . plaque accumulation , bleeding on probing , suppuration , probing depth , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , and glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) levels were obtained at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post-therapy . HbA1c values > or = 9 % and < 9 % defined subjects with poorly and better-controlled diabetes , respectively . clinical parameters improved after therapy ( P < 0.05 ) . significant differences were observed between treatment groups for clinical and metabolic parameters at any time ( P > 0.05 ) . were no changes in the HbA1c levels after therapy ( P > 0.05 ) . subject reported any adverse effects during the study . with better-controlled diabetes achieved a lower mean CAL at 6 months post-therapy , when FMSRP and PMSRP were evaluated together ( P < 0.05 ) . and PMSRP were equally effective in treating chronic periodontitis in subjects with type 2 diabetes , without significant improvements in the glycemic control at 3 and 6 months . the periodontal therapy as a whole ( FMSRP plus PMSRP ) , subjects with better-controlled diabetes exhibited a benefit in CAL at 6 months compared to subjects with poorly controlled disease ."
326,Abstract #326,"study was conducted to demonstrate the long-term efficacy of sodium oxybate for the long-term treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy . ( 55 ) narcoleptic patients with cataplexy who had received continuous treatment with sodium oxybate for 7-44 months ( mean 21 months ) were enrolled in a double-blind treatment withdrawal paradigm . 2-week single-blind sodium oxybate treatment phase established a baseline for the weekly occurrence of cataplexy . was followed by a 2-week double-blind phase in which patients were randomized to receive unchanged drug therapy or placebo . recorded the incidence of cataplexy attacks and adverse events in daily diaries . the 2-week double-blind phase , the abrupt cessation of sodium oxybate therapy in the placebo patients resulted in a significant increase in the number of cataplexy attacks ( median = 21 ; P < 0.001 ) compared to patients who remained on sodium oxybate ( median = 0 ) . attacks returned gradually with placebo patients reporting a median of 4.2 and 11.7 cataplexy attacks during the first and second weeks , respectively . were no symptoms of frank withdrawal . controlled trial provides evidence supporting the long-term efficacy of sodium oxybate for the treatment of cataplexy . contrast with antidepressant drug therapy , there is no evidence of rebound cataplexy upon abrupt discontinuation of treatment ."
327,Abstract #327,"of functional dyspepsia is still controversial . controlled trials reported a superiority of prokinetics , H2-receptor antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors over placebo ; nevertheless , symptomatic improvement after therapy is often incomplete and some of these drugs possess serious side effects . aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new medical device in respect to domperidone in patients with functional dyspepsia . a cross-over , randomized trial , 36 patients with functional dyspepsia ingested two daily doses of a medical device ( Digerfast ) or domperidone ( Peridon ) for 21 days . evaluation was performed at baseline ( T0 ) and after 21 days ( T1 ) for each treatment . Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) and the generic scale 36-item Short Form ( SF-36 ) were used to assess symptom intensity and changes in health-related quality of life , respectively . T0 no statistical difference was found for each symptom between medical device and domperidone . T1 both treatments significantly improved in respect to baseline values all the evaluated gastrointestinal symptoms ( P < 0.5 for all comparisons ) except for vomiting . difference in gastrointestinal symptoms between the two treatments was found at T1 . SF-36 evaluation , at T0 no statistical differences were found for each SF-36 parameter between the two regimens . T1 both treatments significantly improved most of the evaluated SF-36 parameters in respect to baseline values . difference in SF-36 parameters between the two treatments was found at T1 . the medical device and domperidone significantly improved gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in subjects with functional dyspepsia , not showing significant difference in efficacy ."
328,Abstract #328,"conducted a prospective , double-blind study with a crossover design of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin ( BCG ) and dimethyl sulfoxide to determine whether patients with classic and nonulcer interstitial cystitis , respectively , might benefit from either regimen . total of 21 patients , including 11 with classic and 10 with nonulcer interstitial cystitis , randomly underwent treatments with intravesical BCG or dimethyl sulfoxide and , if not improved , were treated with the other substance after a washout period . 21 patients were evaluated with symptom questionnaires , including a visual analog pain scale and voiding diaries . of regimen , there was no improvement in maximal functional capacity . was a reduction in urinary frequency following dimethyl sulfoxide treatment but only in the classic subtype ( p < 0.05 ) , whereas no reduction was seen following BCG in either subtype . substantial pain decrease was noted in classic ( p < 0.05 ) as well as nonulcer ( p < 0.05 ) interstitial cystitis following dimethyl sulfoxide . BCG has been presented as a promising new option for treatment of interstitial cystitis . failed to demonstrate benefit from this treatment . sulfoxide had no positive effect on maximal functional capacity but resulted in a significant reduction in pain and urinary frequency , although only in patients with classic interstitial cystitis ."
329,Abstract #329,"determine the added clinical benefit of nebulized budesonide in children with mild to moderate croup treated with 0.6 mg/kg oral dexamethasone . , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . department of a tertiary-care pediatric hospital with 47,000 visits per year . 3 months to 5 years of age with a syndrome consisting of hoarseness , inspiratory stridor , and barking cough and a croup score of 3 or greater after at least 15 minutes of mist therapy . were excluded from the study if they had diagnoses of epiglottitis , chronic upper or lower airway disease ( not including asthma ) , or severe croup or had received corticosteroids within the preceding 2 weeks . patients received 0.6 mg/kg oral dexamethasone and were randomly assigned to receive 4 mL ( 2 mg ) of budesonide solution ( n = 25 ) or 4 mL of 0.9 % saline solution ( n = 25 ) by updraft nebulizer with a continuous flow of oxygen at 5 to 6 L/min . primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients in each group who had clinically important changes ( two points ) in the croup score during the 4 hours after treatment . percent ( n = 21 ) of the patients who received budesonide had clinically important responses , compared with 56 % ( n = 14 ) in the placebo group . number of patients who would need to be treated with nebulized budesonide for one patient to have a clinically important response is four patients . receiving simultaneous oral dexamethasone , pediatric outpatients with mild to moderate croup have added , clinically important improvement in respiratory symptoms after treatment with budesonide ."
330,Abstract #330,"effect of fluvoxamine versus placebo on serum cholesterol levels in obese women undergoing behavior therapy for weight reduction was evaluated . obese female outpatients undergoing 13 weeks of a behaviorally oriented treatment program for weight reduction were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with fluvoxamine 100 mg/day ( N = 18 ) or placebo ( N = 22 ) . serum cholesterol levels were measured before and after the 13-week study period . of the two treatment groups did not differ in age , weight , body mass index , cholesterol levels before treatment , and the extent of weight reduction during treatment . levels were significantly lower after fluvoxamine treatment than before , whereas cholesterol levels remained unaltered after placebo administration . with initially high total cholesterol levels ( > or = 200 mg/dL ) showed a significantly larger reduction than patients with desirable cholesterol levels . , there was no interaction between treatment and initial cholesterol level . results might suggest a cholesterol-lowering effect of fluvoxamine ."
331,Abstract #331,"new patented prolonged release formulation of the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist alfuzosin has been developed for once-daily ( OD ) administration in benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) . study was designed to compare 2 dose regimens : 10 mg OD alfuzosin and 2.5 mg TID alfuzosin at steady state . an open , randomized crossover study with a 9-day washout between treatments , 18 healthy male subjects ( 50 - 65 years ) received OD or TID alfuzosin tablets orally over 5 days . formulations were administered according to the schedule recommended for therapeutic use : OD was administered 5 min after the evening meal , TID was administered in the evening , then in the morning and at noon ( 30 min before meals ) . the fifth day , plasma concentrations were quantitated by HPLC with spectrofluorometric detection . following pharmacokinetic parameters refer to the geometric mean values for both formulations . Cmax value of 10 mg OD alfuzosin was 15.8 ng/ml at a median t ( max ) of 9.0 h ; Cmax was higher and reached earlier from 2.5 mg alfuzosin TID : 19.3 ng/ml , 19.7 ng/ml and 20.3 at 1.0 hour after each dosing , respectively . AUC ( 0-24 ) values after OD and TID were 228.3 and 226.0 ng x h/ml , respectively . on AUC ( 0-24 ) values corrected by the administered daily dose , the relative bioavailability of alfuzosin OD was 75.7 % with a 90 % confidence interval of 68.0 - 84.3 % . AUC ( 0-24 ) values were bioequivalent with a ratio estimate of 101.0 % and a 90 % confidence interval of 90.7 - 112.5 % . higher daily dose compensated for the loss of bioavailability observed with the OD formulation . t1/2z value was longer for the OD ( 8.9 h ) than the TID formulation ( 6.9 h ) . between individuals was similar for the 2 formulations . dose regimens were well tolerated . 10 mg once-daily provides a suitable pharmacokinetic profile for a once-daily administration , equivalent bioavailability between the 2 dosage regimens and a good safety profile justify the use of alfuzosin 10 mg in patients with BPH ."
332,Abstract #332,"investigate the effects of lidocaine gel and parenteral antibiotics and povidine lavage in the treatment of pain occurring during prostate biopsy in terms of infective complications . patients with indications for prostate biopsy were randomized into two groups . group underwent lavage with povidine iodine solution and lidocaine gel , and the other received cephtriaxon and lavage . experienced by the patients was measured by visual analog scale ( VAS ) . samples were taken 15 and 60 min after the procedure , and urine culture antibiograms were taken 60 min after the procedure . average pain score was 3.70 in Group 1 and 4.25 in Group 2 ; the difference between the groups was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ) . , no statistically significant difference between groups was found by the chi square test in either urine or blood cultures ( P > 0.05 ) . with betadine prior to transrectal prostate biopsy is adequate in the prevention of infective complications ; however , because lidocaine gel is not effective against pain , alternative methods for pain management need to be developed ."
333,Abstract #333,"tube feeding is a standard of care in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis ( AP ) and several recent trials suggested that nasogastric tube feeding ( NGT ) is as safe and efficient as nasojejunal tube feeding in these patients . aim was to investigate whether NGT presents any benefit to patients with mild to moderate AP . study design was a randomized controlled trial . patients in the intervention group received NGT within 24 h of hospital admission . patients in the control group were on nil per os ( NPO ) . severity of acute pancreatitis was determined according to the new international multidisciplinary classification . were 17 patients randomly allocated to the NGT group and 18 to the NPO group . visual analogue pain score decreased to a significantly greater extent in the NGT group ( from median 9 ( range 7-9 ) at baseline to 1 ( 0-3 ) at 72 h after randomization ) compared with the NPO group ( from 7 ( 5-9 ) to 3 ( 1-4 ) ( p = 0.036 ) . number of patients not requiring opiates at 48 h after randomization was significantly different ( p = 0.024 ) between NGT ( 9/17 ) and NPO ( 3/18 ) . food intolerance was observed in 1/17 patient in the NGT group and 9/18 patients in the NPO group ( p = 0.004 ) . overall hospital stay in the NGT group was 9 ( 5-12 ) days as compared with 8.5 ( 6-13 ) days in the NPO group ( p = 0.91 ) . commenced within 24 h of hospital admission is well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate acute pancreatitis . , when compared with NPO , it significantly reduces the intensity and duration of abdominal pain , need for opiates , and risk of oral food intolerance , but not overall hospital stay ."
334,Abstract #334,"surgery is the treatment of choice for rectal cancer , local recurrence is common even after apparently curative resection . aimed to assess the role of postoperative radiotherapy in reducing rates of local recurrence , and improving disease-free and overall survival in patients with mobile Dukes ' stage B and C rectal cancers . carried out a prospective , randomised trial of surgery alone ( n = 235 ) versus surgery followed 4-6 weeks later by radiotherapy ( n = 234 ) , of 40 Gy in 20 fractions of 2 Gy over 4 weeks . 469 patients , from 46 hospitals in the UK and the Republic of Ireland , were randomised between 1984 and 1989 , and followed up for a minimum of 5 years or to death . patients died , 145 of 235 allocated surgery alone and 139 of 234 allocated postoperative radiotherapy . hazard ratio for overall survival was 0.84 ( 95 % CI 0.65-1 .07 , p = 0.17 ) . 5 years ' follow-up 79 patients who received surgery alone and 48 who received postoperative radiotherapy had had local recurrence ( hazard ratio 0.54 [ 0.38-0 .77 ] , p = 0.001 ) . corresponding numbers with distant recurrence were 83 and 75 ( hazard ratio 0.85 [ 0.63-1 .114 ] , p = 0.18 ) . hazard ratio for disease-free survival was 0.85 ( 0.65-1 .08 ; p = 0.18 ) . was generally well tolerated ; assessment of late events showed serious late bowel complications to be rare and not significantly increased after radiotherapy , even when this followed anterior resection . results have provided further evidence of the ability of postoperative radiotherapy to delay and prevent local recurrence of rectal cancer . the local recurrence rate in the control group is in keeping with other multi-centre trials of the mid to late 1980s , it is undoubtedly higher than would be regarded as acceptable now . combination of larger trials required to provide definitive answers on the impact that postoperative radiotherapy will have on survival ."
335,Abstract #335,"fortification of staple foods with iron has been widely promoted as a cost-effective strategy to reduce iron deficiency in developing-country populations . , relatively few efficacy trials have been reported to date to demonstrate impact on iron status . Ultra Rice technology provides a means of delivering fortificant iron via rice . objective of this study was to test the efficacy of rice fortified with microencapsulated , micronized iron pyrophosphate to improve the iron status of women in Mexico in a randomized , controlled intervention trial . , nonlactating women 18 to 49 years of age were recruited from six factories . women received a daily portion of cooked rice 5 days per week for a period of 6 months , before and after which iron status indicators were determined in venous blood samples . average intake of iron from the fortificant was 13 mg/day . plasma ferritin concentration and estimated body iron stores were significantly higher , and transferrin receptors were lower , in the iron-fortified rice group following the intervention . hemoglobin concentration also increased in the treatment group , but the increase was significant only when the analysis was restricted to those with baseline hemoglobin < 12.8 g/dL . absolute reduction in anemia and iron deficiency was 10.3 and 15.1 percentage points , respectively . iron intake from fortificant was a significant covariate of change in body iron stores . overall prevalence of anemia was reduced by 80 % . of rice with iron using this technology is an efficacious strategy for preventing iron deficiency ."
336,Abstract #336,"aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a refined theory-based Interactive Postpartum Sexual Health Education Program to enhance postpartum women 's effective contraceptive behavior . ( N = 250 ) were randomized to three groups . Group A received our intervention program via strategies that matched participants ' learning preparedness , as determined by the transtheoretical model . Group B received only a pamphlet . control group received routine education . Group A received health education . were collected at baseline , 3 days , 2 months and 3 months postpartum . who received theory-based postpartum sexual health education program had significantly greater contraceptive self-efficacy and were more likely to choose more effective contraceptive methods at 2 months postpartum than women in the routine teaching and interactive pamphlet-only groups . theory-based Interactive Postpartum Sexual Health Education Program enhanced postpartum women 's contraceptive self-efficacy and effective contraceptive behavior ."
337,Abstract #337,"in social functioning and depression are often intertwined , particularly for women with histories of childhood sexual abuse ( CSA ) . women with CSA histories , some relationship domains may be more modifiable than others during time-limited depression treatment . with CSA histories often report long-standing interpersonal difficulties in close relationships . , we expected that patients ' relationships with immediate family and intimate partners would be less likely to improve during treatment than relationships with co-workers , friends , or extended family , unless patients received an interpersonally-focused intervention that targeted close relationships . examine domain-specific social functioning improvements and determine whether some domains were more likely than others to respond to an interpersonally-focused intervention , we analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial investigating Interpersonal Psychotherapy ( IPT ) vs. usual care ( UC ) in 69 depressed women with CSA histories . completed the Social Adjustment Scale-SR at pretreatment , 10 - , 24 - , and 36-weeks . with our hypotheses , patients reported significant improvements in work roles , leisure activities with friends , and relationships with extended family members over the course of treatment . with immediate family members and intimate partners did not improve in the overall sample . , relationships with immediate family improved significantly more among IPT than UC patients . sample size is small and generalizability may be limited . functioning improvements during depression treatment may be domain-specific among depressed women with CSA histories . is more effective than UC at improving relationships with close family members in this population ."
338,Abstract #338,"recognized risk factors for coronary artery disease have been identified primarily from investigations of white populations . this investigation , we estimated mortality rates for coronary disease and for any cause and identified risk factors for death from coronary disease among whites and blacks . collected over a 30-year period in the Charleston Heart Study were used to estimate mortality rates and quantify associations with risk factors assessed at the base-line examination in 1960 and 1961 of 653 white men , 333 black men , 741 white women , and 454 black women . were no significant racial differences in the rate ratios for death from coronary disease ; however , women had significantly lower death rates than men . the 30-year period , the mortality rates for coronary disease per 1000 person-years were 5.2 for white men ( 95 percent confidence interval , 4.1 to 6.3 ) , 4.6 for black men ( 3.0 to 6.2 ) , 2.1 for white women ( 1.6 to 2.6 ) , and 3.2 for black women ( 2.3 to 4.0 ) . , or nearly significant , predictors of mortality due to coronary disease were systolic blood pressure in all four groups ; serum cholesterol level among white men , white women , and black women ; and smoking among white men , white women , and black men . the difference was not statistically significant , the risk of death from coronary disease was consistently increased among diabetics in all four groups . higher level of education was predictive of lower rates of death due to coronary disease among white men and black women . all causes of death taken together , the rates for blacks were higher than the rates for whites . presence of hypertension , a history of smoking , and a history of diabetes were significant or nearly significant predictors of mortality from any cause in all four groups . the rates of death from coronary disease were somewhat lower among black men than white men and higher among black women than white women , the black : white mortality rate ratios were not statistically significant , and the major risk factors for mortality from coronary disease were similar in blacks and whites in the 30-year follow-up of the Charleston Heart Study ."
339,Abstract #339,"evaluate the outcome of ovarian needle drilling using transvaginal ultrasound guidance as an alternative to the traditional laparoscopic electrosurgical drilling for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . randomized controlled study . teaching hospital and private practice setting . study comprised 163 patients with clomiphene-resistant PCOS . were randomly allocated to either treatment with ultrasound-guided transvaginal needle ovarian drilling ( UTND ; n = 82 ) or laparoscopic electrosurgery ovarian drilling ( n = 81 ) . changes ( FSH , LH , T ) , ovulation and pregnancy . were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to body mass index , hormonal profiles , clinical manifestations , and ultrasound findings of PCOS . duration of UTND was 15.3 + / - 5.61 minutes ( 10.5-22 .3 minutes ) , while it was 25.6 + / - 8.2 minutes ( 20.3-38 .1 minutes ) in laparoscopic drilling , with a statistically significant difference between the two groups . were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to resumption of normal menstruation , hirsutism , acne , ovulation , and pregnancy . resulted in significant improvement in the ovulation , pregnancy , hirsutism , and acne . were significant decreases in the serum LH and T levels but not in the FSH or LH/FSH levels after UTND as well . can be adopted as an outpatient office procedure . ease of scheduling , reduced costs , and rapid recovery suggest it as a first-line treatment for PCOS cases resistant to clomiphene citrate ."
340,Abstract #340,"determine the association between bispectral index ( BIS ) and seizure duration obtained by electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) administered sooner or later after anesthetic induction . , randomized , crossover study . medical center . ASA physical status I , II , and III patients undergoing a total of 31 ECTs . was administered soon ( < 210 sec ) or later ( between 210 sec and 360 sec ) after anesthetic induction . each individual patient , drug regimens and ECT machine settings were identical . immediately before the start of the ECT and the duration of the EEG seizure were recorded , as well as the time period between loss of consciousness and ECT administration . was no relationship between BIS level and seizure duration . , seizure duration was not dependent on the time of ECT administration in the time window between one and 6 minutes after loss of consciousness . hypnotic drug effect measured by the BIS is not correlated to the seizure duration obtained by ECT ."
341,Abstract #341,"compare efficacy and complications of spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL ) . a prospective randomized study , 110 patients were randomly assigned into two groups for PCNL ; group 1 ( n = 52 ) underwent general anesthesia and group 2 ( n = 58 ) received spinal anesthesia . group 1 , PCNL was performed using standard technique under general anesthesia . group 2 , spinal anesthesia was done by injecting bupivacaine and fentanyl in spinal space L4 in sitting position . , a urethral catheter was placed in lithotomy position , head of the bed was tilted down for 5 to 10 minutes , and the level of anesthesia was checked . , PCNL was done by standard technique . were recorded and analyzed by SPSS software using Chi-Square and Student 's t tests . stone size in groups 1 and 2 was 34.2 9.8 mm and 31.3 7.9 mm , respectively . hypotension and postoperative headache and low back pain were more in spinal group than the general group with a significant difference ( P < .05 ) . neurologic complication was observed in both groups . to narcotic medications on the day of operation in groups 1 and 2 was 12.4 3.1 mg and 7.8 2.3 mg of morphine sulphate , respectively ( P = .03 ) . cost of anesthetic drugs was 23 3.7 US $ and 4.5 1.3 US $ in groups 1 and 2 , respectively ( P = .001 ) . anesthesia with combined bupivacaine and fentanyl is a safe , effective , and cost-effective method for performing PCNL in adult patients ."
342,Abstract #342,"mixture of neutral prebiotic oligosaccharides has been shown to reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis ( AD ) and allergy associated symptoms during the first 2 years of life . evaluate if this protective effect against allergy lasted beyond the intervention period until 5 y of age . a prospective , double blind , placebo-controlled fashion , healthy term infants at risk of atopy were fed either a prebiotic-supplemented ( 0.8 g/100 ml scGOS/lcFOS ) or placebo-supplemented ( 0.8 g/100 ml maltodextrin ) hypoallergenic formula during the first 6 mo of life . this intervention period , follow-up continued until 5 y of life . present study evaluated ( i ) the cumulative incidence of allergic manifestations during 5 y , and ( ii ) the prevalence of allergic and persistent allergic manifestations at 5 y. Monitored allergic manifestations were AD , recurrent wheezing , allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria . children ( 50 in placebo group , 42 in intervention group ) completed the 5-y follow-up . 5-y cumulative incidences of any allergic manifestation and atopic dermatitis were significantly lower in the scGOS/lcFOS group ( 30.9 , 19.1 % , respectively ) compared to placebo group ( 66 , 38 % , respectively ) ( p < 0.01 and < 0.05 ) . in the scGOS/lcFOS group tended to have a lower incidence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis , and allergic urticaria ( 4.8 vs 16 % for both manifestations , p = 0.08 ) . was no difference in the cumulative incidence of recurrent wheezing . regard to the prevalences at 5 y , intervention group had significantly lower prevalence of any persistent allergic manifestation and rhinoconjunctivitis ( 4.8 , 2.4 % , respectively ) compared to placebo ( 26 , 14 % , respectively ) ( p < 0.01 and = 0.05 ) . of persistent AD tended to be lower in the intervention group ( 2.4 vs 12 % , p = 0.09 ) . intervention group had 75 % reduction in the prevalence of persistent wheezing ( 4.8 vs 14 % ) , no significance was shown . prebiotics ( scGOS/lcFOS ) , when started early in life have a protective effect against allergic manifestations in high risk infants . protection lasts beyond infancy until 5 y of life , for AD and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis . follow-up studies in larger populations are warranted to evaluate the potential preventive effect of this mixture on asthma ."
343,Abstract #343,"demonstrates a link between migraine and obesity . increases the risk of frequent migraines and is associated with migraine prevalence among reproductive-aged women . findings are substantiated by several plausible mechanisms and emerging evidence of migraine improvements after surgical and non-surgical weight loss . , no previous study has examined the effect of weight loss on migraine within a treatment-controlled framework . WHAM trial is an RCT to test the efficacy of behavioral weight loss as a treatment for migraine . women ( n = 140 ; BMI = 25.0-49 .9 kg/m ( 2 ) ) who meet international diagnostic criteria for migraine and record 3 migraines and 4-20 migraine days using a smartphone-based headache diary during a 4-week baseline period , will be randomly assigned to 4 months of either group-based behavioral weight loss ( intervention ) or migraine education ( control ) . participants will be taught strategies to increase physical activity and consume fewer calories in order to lose weight . participants will receive general education on migraine symptoms/triggers and various treatment approaches . groups will use smartphones to record their headaches for 4 weeks at baseline , after the 16-week treatment period , and at the end of a 16-week follow-up period . in weight and other potential physiological ( inflammation ) , psychological ( depression ) , and behavioral ( diet and physical activity ) mediators of the intervention effect will also be assessed . WHAM trial will evaluate the efficacy of a standardized behavioral weight loss intervention for reducing migraine frequency , and the extent to which weight loss and other potential mediators account for intervention effects ."
344,Abstract #344,"cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in developing countries . study was designed to evaluate whether visual inspection with acetic acid and magnification ( VIAM ) improved confirmation of cervical lesions as compared to confirmation with visual inspection with acetic acid ( VIA ) without magnification when used by physicians . April-December 2004 , women in San Martin , Peru , who were referred as VIA-positive by an `` obstetriz '' ( a professional midwife with 6 years of university training ) were randomized into two groups for confirmatory screening by a physician using either VIA or VIAM with an AviScope , a hand-held 4x magnification scope with a green light source . reference standard for the presence or absence of cervical neoplasia was colposcopy and directed biopsy , as required . total of 358 women participated in the study ; 161 had a confirmatory examination with VIAM and 159 with VIA . for low - or high-grade lesions was 68 % with VIA and 77 % with VIAM , and specificity was 62 % with VIA and 63 % with VIAM ; however , these differences were not statistically significant . settings where physician confirmation of cervical abnormalities identified through visual inspection is required and available , this study demonstrates that VIAM had no significant advantage over VIA ."
345,Abstract #345,"repair offers a less surgically invasive procedure for abdominal aortic aneurysms but nevertheless , still requires analgesic sedative cover to ensure an acceptable level of patient comfort and cardiorespiratory stability . peculiarity of this kind of operation is that painful stimuli are concentrated in specific moments separated by intervals devoid of pain , so the insurgence of pain can be predicted and prevented with a bolus of analgesic , making a continuous infusion not essential , but potentially useful in achieving a better analgesic stability . primary objective of the study was pain control measured by Visual Analogue Scale ; secondary endpoints were cardiorespiratory stability and an acceptable level of sedation . sedative analgesic protocols of two groups of randomly allocated patients , undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair , were compared . experimental group received remifentanil infusion ( 0.03-0 .1 microg kg min ) and the control group received intravenous doses of fentanyl and midazolam ( 1-3 microg kg and 0.05-0 .1 mg kg , respectively ) . patients were investigated out of 60 enrolled . were no relevant differences concerning cardiorespiratory stability and level of sedation , but pain levels were significantly lower in the experimental group : mean Visual Analogue Scale 0.35 + / -0.40 vs. 1.49 + / -0.62 ( P < 0.001 ) and area under the curve 17.48 + / -5.09 vs. 33.05 + / -8.19 ( P < 0.001 ) . techniques were shown to be safe and most importantly effective in offering cardiovascular stability and analgesia for American Society of Anaesthesiologists III-IV patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair . , remifentanil continuous infusion proved to offer significantly more stable pain control compared with the currently used combination fentanyl-midazolam ."
346,Abstract #346,"has limited efficacy in treating psoriasis . inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 , interleukin-23 , and tumor necrosis factor-alfa , nicotinamide may enhance the efficacy of calcipotriene therapy when used in combination . sought to determine if the combination of nicotinamide with calcipotriene is more effective than either component alone . this randomized , double-blinded , multicenter 7-arm bilateral comparison-controlled trial , patients were randomized to two of 7 treatments -- placebo , calcipotriene 0.005 % alone , nicotinamide 1.4 % alone , calcipotriene plus nicotinamide 0.05 % , calcipotriene plus nicotinamide 0.1 % , calcipotriene plus nicotinamide 0.7 % , or calcipotriene plus nicotinamide 1.4 % -- each administered to lesions on one side of the body or to one of two lesions at least 5 cm apart , for 12 weeks . was measured using a clear to almost clear outcome . all , 50.0 % of patients in the calcipotriene and nicotinamide 1.4 % combination group achieved a clear to almost clear outcome at week 12 , compared with only 18.8 % of patients treated with placebo ( P = .002 ) , 25 % of patients treated with nicotinamide 1.4 % alone ( P = .02 ) , and 31.5 % of patients treated with calcipotriene alone ( P = .096 ) . dose-response trend existed for increasing concentrations of nicotinamide , but it was not significant . relatively small patient numbers , relatively high placebo effect , and maximum in-life portion of only 12 weeks of dosing are weaknesses of the study . study provides evidence that using the combination nicotinamide and calcipotriene may provide additional benefit in the topical treatment for patients with psoriasis and may be an adequate steroid-sparing substitute treatment ."
347,Abstract #347,"compare the efficacy of pulsatile GnRH therapy versus combined gonadotropins for ovulation induction in women with both hypothalamic amenorrhoea and polycystic ovarian syndrome ( HA/PCOS ) according to their current hypothalamic status . single-centre , prospective , randomized study was conducted in the Nantes University Hospital , France . consecutive patients were treated for ovulation induction with either pulsatile GnRH therapy or combined gonadotropins ( rFSH + rLH ) . of adequate ovarian response ( mono - or bi-follicular ) and clinical pregnancy rate were then compared between both groups . response was similar in both groups with comparable frequency of adequate ovarian response ( 73 % vs 60 % ) , but the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the pulsatile GnRH therapy group than in the combined gonadotropin group ( 46 % vs 0 % ) . is a specific subgroup of infertile women . GnRH therapy is an effective and safe method of ovulation induction that can be used successfully in these patients ."
348,Abstract #348,"gastric plication ( LGP ) is emerging as a safe and effective bariatric procedure . , there are no reports on the comparison between the efficacy and complications of LGP and laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass ( LMGB ) , which is still an investigational bariatric procedure . objective of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of LGP and LMGB in the treatment of morbid obesity in a one-year follow-up study . patients met the National Institutes of Health criteria and were randomly assigned to receive either LGP ( n = 20 ) or LMGB ( n = 20 ) by a block randomization method . and late complications , body mass index ( BMI ) , excess weight loss , and obesity-related co-morbidities were determined at the 1-year follow-up . time and mean length of hospitalization were shorter in the LGP group ( 71.0 minutes versus 125.0 minutes , P < .001 , and 1.6 days versus 5.2 days ; P < .001 , respectively ) . mean percentage of excess weight loss ( % EWL ) at 12 months follow-up was 66.9 % in the LMGB group and 60.8 % in the LGP group ( P = .34 ) . was observed in all co-morbidities in both groups , with the exception of hyperlipidemia , which remained unresolved in 4 patients . incidence of iron deficiency occurred in the LGP group ( P = .035 ) . and reoperation were not required in any cases . the cost of instruments used in the LMGB procedure and operative time , LGP saved approximately $ 2,500 per case compared with LMGB . LGP and LMGB are effective weight loss procedures . proved to be a simpler and less costly procedure compared with LMGB with a lower risk of iron deficiency during a 1-year follow-up study ."
349,Abstract #349,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of sealed-capsule irrigation ( SCI ) using distilled water ( DW ) to prevent posterior capsule opacification ( PCO ) . was performed in 60 patients . were randomly selected into groups . the control the capsular bag was mechanically cleaned ( MC ) , in the DW group DW for 3 ' in SCI was additionally applied . IOL was implanted in all eyes . were performed before and 1 , 30 , 180 days , one and two years after surgery . and corrected distance visual acuity ( UDVA , CDVA ) , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , surgically induced astigmatism ( K2-SIA ) , spherical equivalent ( SEQ ) , endothelial cell and the complications were examined . PCO score in the area of 1 and 3mm zone and capsulorhexis ( CAPS ) were determined using EPCO 2000 . patient was withdrawn from the DW group as he did not report for the examinations . far as safety parameters are concerned , no differences were observed between groups in two-year follow-up ( p > 0.05 ) . , in the DW group the endothelial cell loss was higher ( p < 0.05 ) . PCO score differences were observed in both groups between the areas ( p < 0.05 ) . the CAPS area , both Total PCO score and PCO area were decreased in the DW group ( p < 0.05 ) . was also lower within 3mm zone in the DW group ( p < 0.05 ) . is a safe procedure and the endothelial cells loss can be associated with the Perfect Capsule device ( Milvella ) in the anterior chamber insertion . irrigated for 3 ' reduces PCO in long-term follow-up ."
350,Abstract #350,"acid induces complete remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia . , it is not clear whether induction therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid is superior to chemotherapy alone or whether maintenance treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid improves outcome . hundred forty-six patients with previously untreated acute promyelocytic leukemia were randomly assigned to receive all-trans-retinoic acid or daunorubicin plus cytarabine as induction treatment . who had a complete remission received consolidation therapy consisting of one cycle of treatment identical to the induction chemotherapy , then high-dose cytarabine plus daunorubicin . still in complete remission after two cycles of consolidation therapy were then randomly assigned to maintenance treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid or to observation . the 174 patients treated with chemotherapy , 120 ( 69 percent ) had a complete remission , as did 124 of the 172 ( 72 percent ) given all-trans-retinoic acid ( P = 0.56 ) . both induction and maintenance treatments were taken into account , the estimated rates of disease-free survival at one , two , and three years were 77 , 61 , and 55 percent , respectively , for patients assigned to chemotherapy then all-trans-retinoic acid ; 86 , 75 , and 75 percent for all-trans-retinoic acid then all-trans-retinoic acid ; 75 , 60 , and 60 percent for all-trans-retinoic acid then observation ; and 29 , 18 , and 18 percent for chemotherapy then observation . intention-to-treat analysis , the rates of overall survival at one , two , and three years after entry into the study were 75 , 57 , and 50 percent , respectively , among patients assigned to chemotherapy , and 82 , 72 , and 67 percent among those assigned to all-trans-retinoic acid ( P = 0.003 ) . acid as induction or maintenance treatment improves disease-free and overall survival as compared with chemotherapy alone and should be included in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia ."
351,Abstract #351,"many patients , ventricular arrhythmias will develop early after acute myocardial infarction . studied the incidence , timing , and outcomes of such arrhythmias in the international Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA ( alteplase ) for Occluded Coronary Arteries ( GUSTO ) - III trial . identified independent predictors of inhospital ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) and ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) and compared 30-day and 1-year mortality rates of patients who did ( n = 1121 ) and did not ( n = 13,921 ) have these arrhythmias during the index hospitalization . independent predictors of inhospital VF were higher Killip class , lower baseline systolic pressure , intravenous preenrollment lidocaine use , shorter time to thrombolysis , and beta-blocker use < 2 weeks before enrollment ; independent predictors of inhospital VT were lower baseline systolic pressure , intravenous lidocaine use before enrollment , higher Killip class , faster baseline heart rate , and advanced age . 30-day mortality rate was 31 % in patients with VF , 24 % in those with VT , 44 % in those with both , and 6 % in those with neither ( P = .001 ) . corresponding 1-year mortality rates were 34 % , 29 % , 49 % , and 9 % ( P = .001 ) . 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were higher for patients with late ( > 48 hours after enrollment ) versus early arrhythmias ( < or = 48 hours after enrollment ) . thrombolysis , inhospital ventricular arrhythmias are associated with higher 30-day and 1-year mortality rates after acute myocardial infarction , particularly when occurring later during the initial hospitalization . therapies are needed to improve outcomes of these arrhythmias ."
352,Abstract #352,"effects of ketanserin on primary or secondary Raynaud 's phenomenon due to connective tissue disease were studied in a large , international group of patients . study population consisted of 222 patients from 10 countries . a run-in period of one month of placebo therapy , patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive ketanserin 40 mg three times daily ( n = 113 ) or placebo ( n = 109 ) for three months . finger blood flow was measured in 41 patients in a warm and cool room before and during treatment . episodes were assessed by diaries and global evaluations . significant reduction of 34 % in frequency of episodes occurred with ketanserin , compared to 18 % with placebo ( p = 0.011 ) . was a 1 % reduction in duration of episodes with ketanserin therapy , compared to a 2 % increase with placebo therapy , but this finding was not statistically significant ( p = 0.29 ) . difference was observed in severity of attacks . evaluations by investigators ( p = 0.03 ) and patients ( p less than 0.01 ) showed an overall benefit with ketanserin compared to that seen with placebo . with primary or secondary Raynaud 's phenomenon responded similarly to treatment . changes in total finger blood flow were found . significantly improves the subjective symptoms of patients with primary or secondary Raynaud 's phenomenon and is an appropriate agent to use in this disease when conservative measures fail ."
353,Abstract #353,"agencies ( SHAs ) are consumer-operated service organizations managed as participatory democracies . are involved in all aspects of organizational management , because a premise of SHAs is that organizationally empowered individuals become more empowered in their own lives , which promotes recovery . study sought to determine the effectiveness of combined SHA and community mental health agency ( CMHA ) services in assisting recovery for persons with serious mental illness . weighted sample of new clients seeking CMHA services was randomly assigned to regular CMHA services or to combined SHA-CMHA services at five proximally located pairs of SHA drop-in centers and county CMHAs . ( N = 505 ) were assessed at baseline and at one , three , and eight months on five recovery-focused outcome measures : personal empowerment , self-efficacy , social integration , hope , and psychological functioning . had high levels of reliability and independently established validity . were evaluated with a repeated-measures multivariate analysis of covariance . results indicated that combined SHA-CMHA services were significantly better able to promote recovery of client-members than CMHA services alone . sample with combined services showed greater improvements in personal empowerment ( F = 3.99 , df = 3 and 491 , p < .008 ) , self-efficacy ( F = 11.20 , df = 3 and 491 , p < .001 ) , and independent social integration ( F = 12.13 , df = 3 and 491 , p < .001 ) . ( F = 4.36 , df = 3 and 491 , p < .005 ) and symptoms ( F = 4.49 , df = 3 and 491 , p < .004 ) dissipated more quickly and to a greater extent in the combined condition than in the CMHA-only condition . SHAs run as participatory democracies in combination with CMHA services produced more positive recovery-focused results than CMHA services alone ."
354,Abstract #354,"several randomized controlled trials examined the relative benefits of coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) , the most appropriate treatment remains a matter of debate , at least in some subsets of patients . , we evaluated the 8-year outcome after multivessel stent implantation ( stent group ) or coronary artery bypass surgery ( CABG group ) in a single-center propensity-matched cohort study . stent study population consisted of all 409 consecutive patients who underwent an elective coronary intervention between 1995 and 1999 in whom at least 2 stents were implanted in multiple vessels . were matched by using the propensity score method with 409 CABG patients of 1,723 CABG patients with multivessel disease who underwent elective CABG in the same period of time . two populations were very different before matching . matching , the CABG population resembled a stent population . cumulative survival rates after stent were 93 % , 90 % , and 82 % at , respectively , 3 , 5 , and 8 years ; and after CABG 97 % , 93 % , and 87 % ( p = 0.02 ) . was caused mainly by patients with left main disease ( p = 0.03 ) . survival was only 70 % , 68 % , and 64 % after stent and 89 % , 82 % , and 78 % after CABG at , respectively , 3 , 5 , and 8 years ( p < 0.0001 ) . adjusting , stent was an independent predictor of higher mortality . this matched cohort study with an 8-year follow-up , survival was better and less repeat revascularizations were needed among patients undergoing elective CABG for the treatment of multivessel disease as compared with the stent group ."
355,Abstract #355,"many countries low-molecular-weight heparins ( LMWHs ) are increasingly used for hemodialysis ( HD ) . activated clotting time ( ACT-LR ) values and anti-Xa activity had been used to monitor the degree of anticoagulation caused by LMWH . , the facilities are not easily available at most hospitals . data are limited in Taiwan . total of 76 patients receiving maintenance HD were prospectively enrolled . HD patients were randomized to receive either nadroparin or enoxaparin and checked the ACT-LR values and anti-Xa activity . aimed to analyze ACT-LR values and anti-Xa activity along with the clotting of the dialyzer or bleeding events associated with two LMWHs after they were administered . also aimed to determine the dose necessary to reach maximum safety and efficacy . found no significant differences in LMWH dosage , ACT-LR values , and anti-Xa activity between the two groups . were no significant differences in bleeding/adverse events and extracorporeal circuit thrombosis between the two groups . of the bleeding and adverse events were subcutaneous minor bleeding . major bleeding or mortality was found . found significant differences in mean dosage , cost , bleeding/adverse effect , and extracorporeal circuit thrombosis between excessive and reduced nadroparin dosage groups . is not still routinely used due to its high cost in Taiwan . our clinical experience , nadroparin and enoxaparin exhibited high levels of safety and efficacy in chronic HD patients . LMWHs dosage could promote patient 's safety and decreased HD cost in HD patients with excessive dosage of LMWHs ."
356,Abstract #356,"compare effects of integrated treatment traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine ( TCM-WM ) and simple western medicine on TCM clincal symptoms in the patient of AIDS with pulmonary inflammation . multicenter randomized controlled trials of 164 subjects evaluated the effects of clinical symptoms of AIDS with pulmonary inflammation of TWO regimens : the TCM-WM group ( n = 111 ) and western medicine treatment group ( n = 53 ) , while incidence of TCM symptoms in different time points in two groups were analyzed . eight days after treatment , the cured and markedly effective rate of TCM symptoms in the TCM-WM group significantly exceeding that in the western medicine treatment group ( cured and markedly effective rate significant efficiency 44.55 % vs 20.00 % ) , while the incidence rate for the TCM symptoms of fever and headache in the TCM-WM group was significantly lower than that in western medicine group . integrated treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine helps to alleviate the TCM clinical symptoms of AIDS with pulmonary inflammation ."
357,Abstract #357,"evaluate the impact of two different modes of shoulder injection training on the level of confidence and number of injections performed by general practitioners ( GPs ) details , and information on referrals for shoulder problems , shoulder joint injection activity , and confidence in the six months before training were obtained for 40 GP principals at baseline . training in the techniques of shoulder joint injection using rubber mannequins was given to all GPs . of these GPs were randomly allocated to receive additional training on patients in hospital joint injection clinics . months after both forms of training the shoulder injection and referral activities of all GPs were reassessed . training groups had comparable demographic characteristics and baseline clinical activity . who had additional training with patients reported a marked increase in their level of confidence in performing shoulder injections and the number performed . number of shoulder referrals did not differ between the groups on patients in addition to conventional training on mannequins increased GPs ' shoulder injection activity and their level of confidence . injection clinics may provide a suitable setting in which to train GPs interested in developing their shoulder joint injection skills ."
358,Abstract #358,"evaluate the relationship between number of metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) - like components and prostate cancer diagnosis in a group of men where nearly all biopsies were taken independent of prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) level , thus minimising any confounding from how the various MetS-like components may influence PSA levels . analysed data from 6426 men in the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events ( REDUCE ) study with at least one on-study biopsy . compared dutasteride vs placebo on prostate cancer risk among men with an elevated PSA level and negative pre-study biopsy and included two on-study biopsies regardless of PSA level at 2 and 4 years . data for MetS-like components included data on diabetes , hypertension , hypercholesterolaemia , and body mass index . association between number of these MetS-like components and prostate cancer risk and low-grade ( Gleason sum < 7 ) or high-grade ( Gleason sum > 7 ) vs no prostate cancer was evaluated using logistic regression . all , 2171 men ( 34 % ) had one MetS-like component , 724 ( 11 % ) had two , and 163 ( 3 % ) had three or four . with more MetS-like components had lower PSA levels ( P = 0.029 ) . vs no MetS-like components was protective for overall prostate cancer ( P = 0.041 ) and low-grade prostate cancer ( P = 0.010 ) . ( P = 0.69 ) or three to four ( P = 0.15 ) MetS-like components were not significantly related to prostate cancer . one MetS-like component was unrelated to high-grade prostate cancer ( P = 0.97 ) , two ( P = 0.059 ) or three to four MetS-like components ( P = 0.02 ) were associated with increased high-grade prostate cancer risk , although only the latter was significant . biopsies are largely PSA level independent , men with an initial elevated PSA level and a previous negative biopsy , and multiple MetS-like components were at an increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer , suggesting the link between MetS-like components and high-grade prostate cancer is unrelated to a lowered PSA level ."
359,Abstract #359,"photocoagulation ( IRP ) is commonly used in the treatment of hemorrhoids , but rectal bleeding can persist after this procedure . therapy may thus be considered for more definitive control of symptoms , particularly bleeding . goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of a treatment combining IRP and oral micronized purified flavonoid fraction ( MPFF ) versus each treatment used alone on bleeding cessation in patients with grades I , II , and III acute internal hemorrhoids . was a prospective , randomized , controlled , single-blind study . outpatients were randomly assigned to a treatment combining MPFF and IRP or to each treatment separately . each patient , bleeding status was reported at day 0 ( day of inclusion ) and compared with that at day 5 after treatment by observers blinded to treatment assignment . visits were planned at days 7 , 30 , 60 , and 90 of therapy , including monitoring of treatment-related side effects and self-reporting by patients of any problem related to hemorrhoidal disease . total of 351 patients ( 180 women , 171 men ) were enrolled in the study . mean age was 49.2 years ( range , 29-71 years ) . were grade I in 33.6 % ( 118 patients ) , grade II in 48.7 % ( 171 patients ) , and grade III in 17.7 % ( 62 patients ) of the study population . were randomly assigned to each of the 3 treatment groups ( 117 patients in each ) , with no significant difference between groups in the age , sex , or distribution of grade of hemorrhoids . percentage of patients with no bleeding after 5 days of treatment was higher in the combined treatment group ( 74.8 % ) compared with MPFF alone ( 59.6 % ; P = 0.023 ) or with IRP alone ( 55.6 % ; P = 0.004 ) . alone was as effective as IRP alone at stopping bleeding . with grades I and II hemorrhoids responded significantly better ( 82.5 % and 61.7 % , respectively ) to either treatment than those with grade III hemorrhoids ( 22.9 % ; P < 0.001 ) . the 216 patients who were followed up for 90 days , 3 had a gastrointestinal adverse event , and 19 had a relapse of bleeding . days of treatment combining MPFF with IRP significantly reduced bleeding status in these study patients with grades I and II acute internal hemorrhoids compared with each treatment used alone ."
360,Abstract #360,"aim of this study was to assess the relative bioavailability of diazepam after administration of diazepam itself or as a water-soluble prodrug , avizafone , in humans . study was conducted in an open , randomized , single-dose , three-way , cross-over design . subject received intramuscular injections of avizafone ( 20 mg ) , diazepam ( 11.3 mg ) or avizafone ( 20 mg ) combined with atropine ( 2 mg ) and pralidoxime ( 350 mg ) using a bi-compartmental auto-injector ( AIBC ) . concentrations of diazepam were quantified using a validated LC/MS-MS assay , and were analysed by both a non-compartmental approach and by compartmental modelling . maximum concentration ( C ( max ) ) of diazepam after avizafone injection was higher than that obtained after injection of diazepam itself ( 231 vs. 148 ng.mL ( -1 ) ) , while area under the curve ( AUC ) values were equal . concentrations reached their maximal value faster after injection of avizafone . of avizafone with atropine-pralidoxime ( AIBC ) had no effect on diazepam C ( max ) and AUC , but the time to C ( max ) was increased , relative to avizafone injected alone . to the Akaike criterion , the pharmacokinetics of diazepam after injection as a prodrug was best described as a two-compartment with zero-order absorption model . atropine and pralidoxime were injected with avizafone , the best pharmacokinetic model was a two-compartment with a first-order absorption model . had a faster entry to the general circulation and achieved higher C ( max ) after injection of prodrug than after the parent drug . of avizafone in combination with atropine and pralidoxime by AIBC had no significant effect on diazepam AUC and C ( max ) ."
361,Abstract #361,"is common in adolescent offspring of depressed parents and can be prevented , but adoption of prevention programs is dependent on the balance of their incremental costs and benefits . examine the incremental cost-effectiveness of a group cognitive behavioral intervention to prevent depression in adolescent offspring of depressed parents . analysis of a recent randomized controlled trial . Permanente Northwest , a large health maintenance organization . 13 to 18 years old at risk for depression . care ( n = 49 ) or usual care plus a 15-session group cognitive therapy prevention program ( n = 45 ) . outcomes were converted to depression-free days and quality-adjusted life-years . health maintenance organization costs , costs of services received in other sectors , and family costs were combined with clinical outcomes in a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the intervention with usual care for 1 year after the intervention . cost of the intervention was $ 1632 , and total direct and indirect costs increased by $ 610 in the intervention group . , the result was not statistically significant , suggesting a possible cost offset . incremental cost per depression-free day in the base-case analysis was $ 10 ( 95 % confidence interval , - $ 13 to $ 52 ) or $ 9275 per quality-adjusted life-year ( 95 % confidence interval , - $ 12 148 to $ 45 641 ) . cost-effectiveness of a brief prevention program to reduce the risk of depression in offspring of depressed parents is comparable to that of accepted depression treatments , and the program is cost-effective compared with other health interventions commonly covered in insurance contracts ."
362,Abstract #362,"assess the effect of regular diabetic health education on cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese Type 2 diabetic patients . was a 1-year prospective randomized study . hundred and eighty Type 2 diabetic subjects were recruited from three regional diabetic centres in Hong Kong . received additional structured reinforcement of diabetic health education by a trained nurse after the doctors ' consultations every 3 months ( intervention group ) . others received the same medical care except no nursing reinforcement ( control group ) . measures included fasting plasma glucose , HbA ( 1c ) , body mass index , waist circumference , blood pressure and lipid profiles , which were assessed before the study and after 1 year . of the controls defaulted follow-up . intervention group and controls had similar age and sex distribution . the end of study , the intervention group had reducted their waist circumference , diastolic blood pressure , HbA ( 1c ) , total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels . controls had reduced their total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels . cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly changed in the controls . of drugs and/or dosage increment of anti-diabetic drugs , lipid-lowering agents and anti-hypertensive agents were similar between the two groups . structured reinforcement with diabetic health education is useful . helps to control more successfully some of the cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese Type 2 diabetic patients ."
363,Abstract #363,"assess the efficacy of interferon beta ( IFN beta ) in combination with methotrexate in treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis . patients with active rheumatoid arthritis , who had been on methotrexate for at least six months and at a stable dose for four weeks before study entry , were randomised in double blind fashion to receive placebo ( 0.05 ml or 0.5 ml ) , IFN beta 2.2 microg ( 0.05 ml ) , or IFN beta 44 microg ( 0.5 ml ) , given subcutaneously three times weekly for 24 weeks . primary efficacy measure was a change in radiological scores at week 24 . secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients who met the ACR 20 % improvement criteria at the end of the study . biopsy specimens were obtained before and after treatment from a subset of patients . was used to detect the presence of inflammatory cells and the results were measured by digital image analysis . crosslinks were measured in urine at different times throughout the study . of radiological scores and clinical variable showed no changes in any of the groups , and there were no differences between the groups . microscopic analysis of synovial tissue there was no significant change in the scores for infiltration by inflammatory cells after IFN beta treatment . levels of collagen crosslinks were unchanged between the treatment groups . the doses tested , treatment with IFN beta three times weekly in combination with methotrexate did not have a clinical or radiological effect in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ."
364,Abstract #364,"elucidate the prospects administration of allicor ( long-releasing garlic tablets ) in prevention of acute respiratory diseases ( ARD ) in children vs benzimidazole ( dibazole ) . the first stage , tolerance of allicor ( 600 mg/day ) and its effects on ARD morbidity were investigated in an opened 5-month study in 172 children aged 7-16 years compared to 468 controls . the second stage , the effects of allicor ( 300 mg/day ) on ASRD morbidity were investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized 5-month trial in 42 children aged 10-12 years in comparison with 41 placebo-treated children and 73 benzimidazole-treated children . the first stage of the study allicor was not observed to induce gastrointestinal side effects in children at any dosage while ARD morbidity was reduced 2-4-fold as compared to the controls . the second stage of the study allicor reduced ARD morbidity 1.7-fold compared to placebo and 2.4-fold vs benzimidazole . was no significant difference in ARD morbidity between placebo - and benzimidazole-treated groups . index in allicor-treated group was 1.5-fold higher as compared either to placebo - or benzimidazole-treated children . , the results of this study have demonstrated that allicor is effective for non-specific prevention of acute respiratory infections in children and has no side effects . prevention with benzimidazole appeared ineffective in placebo-controlled study , so the development of new useful and safe preparations is of ultimate importance ."
365,Abstract #365,"determine the percentage of elective abdominal aortic aneurysms ( AAAs ) / aortoiliac aneurysms that currently can be repaired with endovascular grafts ( EVGs ) , the reasons for rejection of EVGs , and the future role of EVG in the treatment of AAA . January 1997 to May 1998 , patients at three hospitals ( a university hospital , a university-affiliated teaching hospital , and a Veterans Administration hospital with university faculty and residents ) were evaluated for EVGs as part of a national clinical trial with grafts manufactured by Endovascular Technologies ( EVT , Menlo Park , Calif ) . patients at two hospitals and patients treated by the participating surgeons at the third hospital were screened for EVG . with AAAs that were ruptured , symptomatic , or involved renal or mesenteric arteries and patients who declined treatment were excluded from the study . included clinical examination , computed tomography scan , and selective arteriography . decision to proceed with EVG was made by the vascular surgeon , with input and concurrence of medical personnel from a company with extensive experience in endograft repair . main outcome measures were the determination of the percentage of elective AAAs currently being treated with an EVG and the reasons for exclusion of patients from EVG placement . total of 162 patients underwent elective treatment of an AAA , 22 ( 14 % ) with an EVG ( 14 bifurcated , eight tube ) and 140 ( 86 % ) with traditional resection . for not proceeding with an EVG included insufficient proximal cuff in 29 patients ( 21 % ) , distal common iliac aneurysm or insufficient distal iliac neck in 29 patients ( 21 % ) , proximal neck too large for an EVG in 24 patients ( 17 % ) , symptomatic iliac stenosis in 23 patients ( 16 % ) , iliac stenosis precluding introducer passage in 17 patients ( 12 % ) , patient preference in 11 patients ( 8 % ) , and calcification , kink , or extensive thrombus involving the proximal neck precluding safe graft attachment in seven patients ( 5 % ) . the 22 patients treated with an EVG , three were converted to open resection , because of iliac stenosis in two patients and premature stent deployment in one patient ( initial technical success rate , 86 % ) . on currently available technology , 80 % of patients were not candidates for an EVG because of proximal calcification , short aortic or distal cuff , coexisting distal iliac aneurysm , and stenotic iliac disease . with the use of adjunctive procedures , most patients still require open repair . changes in design will be necessary to apply these devices to most patients with an AAA ."
366,Abstract #366,"of human milk ( HM ) is a common clinical practice to adapt breast milk to the nutritional needs of very low birth weight ( VLBW ) infants . optimal method for HM fortification remains to be determined , and a variety of protocols are currently used in neonatal intensive care units . is believed that standard fortification is insufficient to meet the needs of VLBW infants . , we designed a randomized prospective study that investigated the effects of varying levels of blind fortification on short-term growth and metabolic responses of preterm infants . infants were randomized into 3 groups : standard fortification ( SF ) , moderate fortification ( MF ) , and aggressive fortification ( AF ) . growth , feeding intolerance , and urea , calcium , phosphorus , and alkaline phosphatase levels were assessed . were 26 , 29 , and 29 infants in the SF , MF , and AF groups , respectively . baseline characteristics of the groups were similar . weight gain and length at discharge did not differ among the groups ; however , head circumference was significantly higher in the MF and AF groups compared with the SF group . , calcium , phosphorus , and alkaline phosphatase levels were similar between the groups . demonstrated that blind fortification of HM , even with higher amounts than recommended by manufacturers , did not cause any measured adverse effects on the metabolic response of preterm infants . measurements ( except head circumference ) were not different between the different dosages of fortification ."
367,Abstract #367,"interleukin-6 receptor ( IL-6R ) blocker tocilizumab ( TCZ ) reduces inflammatory disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) but elevates lipid concentrations in some patients . aimed to characterise the impact of IL-6R inhibition on established and novel risk factors in active RA . , multicentre , two-part , phase III trial ( 24-week double-blind , 80-week open-label ) , MEASURE , evaluated lipid and lipoprotein levels , high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) particle composition , markers of coagulation , thrombosis and vascular function by pulse wave velocity ( PWV ) in 132 patients with RA who received TCZ or placebo . total-cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) and triglyceride levels increased in TCZ versus placebo recipients by week 12 ( 12.6 % vs 1.7 % , 28.1 % vs 2.2 % , 10.6 % vs -1.9 % , respectively ; all p < 0.01 ) . were no significant differences in mean small LDL , mean oxidised LDL or total HDL-C concentrations . , HDL-associated serum amyloid A content decreased in TCZ recipients . also induced reductions ( > 30 % ) in secretory phospholipase A2-IIA , lipoprotein ( a ) , fibrinogen and D-dimers and elevation of paraoxonase ( all p < 0.0001 vs placebo ) . ApoB/ApoA1 ratio remained stable over time in both groups . decreases were greater with placebo than TCZ at 12weeks ( adjusted mean difference 0.79 m/s ( 95 % CI 0.22 to 1.35 ; p = 0.0067 ) ) . data provide the first detailed evidence for the modulation of lipoprotein particles and other surrogates of vascular risk with IL-6R inhibition . compared with placebo , TCZ induced elevations in LDL-C but altered HDL particles towards an anti-inflammatory composition and favourably modified most , but not all , measured vascular risk surrogates . net effect of such changes for cardiovascular risk requires determination ."
368,Abstract #368,"increase in serum C-reactive protein ( CRP ) levels is an independent determinant of cardiovascular events in long-term hemodialysis ( HD ) patients . , statins have shown anti-inflammatory properties in addition to their lipid-lowering effect . designed a 6-month , prospective , randomized , controlled study to assess the safety and efficacy of atorvastatin in reducing serum CRP levels in long-term HD patients . on HD therapy for at least 6 months , with autologous vascular access , were included . presenting with illnesses and/or use of drugs that may affect CRP levels were excluded . randomization , group A included 16 patients treated with atorvastatin ( 10 mg/d orally ) , and group B included 17 patients treated with placebo . mass index , Kt/V , normalized protein catabolic rate , mean blood pressure , and levels of hemoglobin , serum CRP , albumin , creatinine , lipids , and enzymes were recorded at baseline and after 6 months . parameters were homogeneous between the groups at baseline . group A , median serum CRP levels decreased from 9 mg/L ( range , 5 to 22 mg/L ) at baseline to 5 mg/L ( range , 3 to 16 mg/L ) after 6 months ( P = 0.004 ) . group B , values were 8 mg/L ( range , 4 to 14 mg/L ) at baseline and 7 mg/L ( range , 3 to 17 mg/L ) after 6 months ( P = 0.98 ) . CRP levels were lower in group A than group B at month-4 ( 5 mg/L ; range , 3 to 11 mg/L versus 7 mg/L ; range , 3 to 10 mg/L , respectively ; P = 0.054 ) and month-6 evaluations ( 5 mg/L ; range , 3 to 16 mg/L versus 7 mg/L ; range , 3 to 17 mg/L , respectively ; P = 0.060 ) . 6 months , only in group A was there a significant decrease in serum cholesterol levels ( P = 0.041 ) and a significant increase in serum albumin levels ( P = 0.004 ) . levels were stable during the study in both groups . of atorvastatin is safe in patients on long-term HD therapy and , in addition to its beneficial effects on lipid levels , induces a significant decrease in serum CRP levels , with a consequential increase in serum albumin levels ."
369,Abstract #369,purpose of this study was to compare the immediate microtensile bond strength ( microTBS ) of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems to the dentin of primary and permanent teeth . human teeth ( 12 primary molars and 12 premolars ) were assigned to 3 groups according to the adhesive system . adhesive systems were applied to flat superficial coronal dentin surfaces etched with phosphoric acid and composite resin blocks were built up . teeth were sectioned to produce beam-shaped specimens with 0.81 mm2 cross-sectional area subjected to microTBS testing . data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey 's test ( a = 0.05 ) . adhesive systems produced statistically similar mean microTBS to each other ( p > 0.05 ) and no significant differences ( p > 0.05 ) were found when the same material was applied to primary or permanent tooth dentin . mean microTBS values ( MPa ) obtained were : Prime & Bond NT : 41.7 + / - 14.4 ( permanent ) and 40.8 + / - 13.4 ( primary ) ; Single Bond : 42.9 + / - 8.6 ( permanent ) and 41.4 + / - 11.9 ( primary ) ; Excite DSC : 46.3 + / - 11.3 ( permanent teeth ) and 43.4 + / - 12.0 ( primary ) . was no difference in the immediate microTBS of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems when applied to the dentin of primary and permanent teeth .
370,Abstract #370,"necrosis is one of the main complications of dental trauma . it happens on an immature tooth , pulp necrosis implies a lack of root maturation and apical closure . therapy called apexification is required to induce the formation of a calcified apical barrier allowing a permanent and hermetic root filling . aim of this prospective randomized clinical trial is to compare Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( MTA ) with Calcium Hydroxide ( CH ) as materials used to induce root-end closure in necrotic permanent immature incisors . study , promoted by AP-HP , was approved by the ethics committee ( CPP Paris Ile de France IV ) . children aged from 6 to 18 years and presenting a non-vital permanent incisor are selected . to treatment , an appropriate written consent has to be obtained from both parents and from children . are then randomly assigned to either the MTA ( experimental ) or CH ( control ) groups . are performed after 3 , 6 and 12 months to determine the presence or absence of a calcified apical barrier through the use of clinical and radiographic exams . criteria such as clinical symptoms , apical radiolucencies , periapical index ( PAI ) are also noted . no . ( First inclusion : May 10 , 2007 ; Last inclusion : April 23 , 2009 ; study completed : April 15 , 2010 ) ."
371,Abstract #371,"effects of induced hypothermia in cardiac surgical patients are not yet fully understood . numerous studies on the effects of acid-base management on organ blood flow , only little information is available on the effects of alpha-stat versus pH-stat management on systemic haemodynamics . therefore compared the effect of alpha-stat and pH-stat acid-base management on systemic haemodynamics in a prospective , controlled , cross-over study . patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were included in the study . output was measured by thermodilution . index and systemic vascular resistance were calculated according to standard formulae . were performed under hypo - and hypercapnia after induction of anaesthesia . were repeated at the end of two 30-min periods of pH-stat and alpha-stat acid-base management , respectively . vascular resistance at the lower PaCO2-levels ( hypocapnia and alpha-stat , respectively ) was significantly higher than those at the higher level ( hypercania and pH-stat , respectively ) . periods of different PaCO2-levels were comparable with respect to haematocrit , blood viscosity and temperature . vascular resistance was not significantly different from the control period . study demonstrates that during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass , systemic vascular resistance under alpha-stat acid-base management is higher than under pH-stat management . obvious from measurements during the control period , this finding can be completely explained by the difference in PaCO2 ."
372,Abstract #372,"studies have shown a relationship between glycated hemoglobin levels and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes . investigated whether intensive therapy to target normal glycated hemoglobin levels would reduce cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes who had either established cardiovascular disease or additional cardiovascular risk factors . this randomized study , 10,251 patients ( mean age , 62.2 years ) with a median glycated hemoglobin level of 8.1 % were assigned to receive intensive therapy ( targeting a glycated hemoglobin level below 6.0 % ) or standard therapy ( targeting a level from 7.0 to 7.9 % ) . these patients , 38 % were women , and 35 % had had a previous cardiovascular event . primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction , nonfatal stroke , or death from cardiovascular causes . finding of higher mortality in the intensive-therapy group led to a discontinuation of intensive therapy after a mean of 3.5 years of follow-up . 1 year , stable median glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.4 % and 7.5 % were achieved in the intensive-therapy group and the standard-therapy group , respectively . follow-up , the primary outcome occurred in 352 patients in the intensive-therapy group , as compared with 371 in the standard-therapy group ( hazard ratio , 0.90 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.78 to 1.04 ; P = 0.16 ) . the same time , 257 patients in the intensive-therapy group died , as compared with 203 patients in the standard-therapy group ( hazard ratio , 1.22 ; 95 % CI , 1.01 to 1.46 ; P = 0.04 ) . requiring assistance and weight gain of more than 10 kg were more frequent in the intensive-therapy group ( P < 0.001 ) . compared with standard therapy , the use of intensive therapy to target normal glycated hemoglobin levels for 3.5 years increased mortality and did not significantly reduce major cardiovascular events . findings identify a previously unrecognized harm of intensive glucose lowering in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00000620 . )"
373,Abstract #373,"determine the effectiveness and predictors of response to lumbar epidural corticosteroid injections ( ESI ) in patients with sciatica . performed a 12-month , multicentre , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , parallel-group trial in four secondary pain-care clinics in the Wessex Region . hundred and twenty-eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of unilateral sciatica of 1-18 months ' duration were randomized to either three lumbar ESIs of triamcinolone acetonide or interligamentous saline injections at intervals of 3 weeks . main outcome measure was the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire ( ODQ ) . 3 weeks , the ESI group demonstrated a transient benefit over the placebo group ( patients achieving a 75 % improvement in ODQ , 12.5 vs 3.7 % ; number needed to treat , 11.4 ) . benefit was demonstrated from 6 to 52 weeks . did not improve physical function , hasten return to work or reduce the need for surgery . was no benefit of repeated ESIs over single injection . clinical predictors of response were found . the end of the study the majority of patients still had significant pain and disability regardless of intervention . this pragmatic study , ESIs offered transient benefit in symptoms at 3 weeks in patients with sciatica , but no sustained benefits in terms of pain , function or need for surgery . is a chronic condition requiring a multidisciplinary approach . fully investigate the value of ESIs , they need to be evaluated as part of a multidisciplinary approach ."
374,Abstract #374,"is a potentially life-threatening condition predominantly seen in patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS ) inhibitors with stage 3 or greater chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) who may also have diabetes , heart failure , or both . select starting doses for a phase 3 study and to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a potassium-binding polymer , patiromer , in outpatients with hyperkalemia . 2 , multicenter , open-label , dose-ranging , randomized clinical trial ( AMETHYST-DN ) , conducted at 48 sites in Europe from June 2011 to June 2013 evaluating patiromer in 306 outpatients with type 2 diabetes ( estimated glomerular filtration rate , 15 to < 60 mL/min/1 .73 m2 and serum potassium level > 5.0 mEq/L ) . patients received RAAS inhibitors prior to and during study treatment . were stratified by baseline serum potassium level into mild or moderate hyperkalemia groups and received 1 of 3 randomized starting doses of patiromer ( 4.2 g [ n = 74 ] , 8.4 g [ n = 74 ] , or 12.6 g [ n = 74 ] twice daily [ mild hyperkalemia ] or 8.4 g [ n = 26 ] , 12.6 g [ n = 28 ] , or 16.8 g [ n = 30 ] twice daily [ moderate hyperkalemia ] ) . was titrated to achieve and maintain serum potassium level 5.0 mEq/L or lower . primary efficacy end point was mean change in serum potassium level from baseline to week 4 or prior to initiation of dose titration . primary safety end point was adverse events through 52 weeks . efficacy end points included mean change in serum potassium level through 52 weeks . total of 306 patients were randomized . least squares mean reduction from baseline in serum potassium level at week 4 or time of first dose titration in patients with mild hyperkalemia was 0.35 ( 95 % CI , 0.22-0 .48 ) mEq/L for the 4.2 g twice daily starting-dose group , 0.51 ( 95 % CI , 0.38-0 .64 ) mEq/L for the 8.4 g twice daily starting-dose group , and 0.55 ( 95 % CI , 0.42-0 .68 ) mEq/L for the 12.6 g twice daily starting-dose group . those with moderate hyperkalemia , the reduction was 0.87 ( 95 % CI , 0.60-1 .14 ) mEq/L for the 8.4 g twice daily starting-dose group , 0.97 ( 95 % CI , 0.70-1 .23 ) mEq/L for the 12.6 g twice daily starting-dose group , and 0.92 ( 95 % CI , 0.67-1 .17 ) mEq/L for the 16.8 g twice daily starting-dose group ( P < .001 for all changes vs baseline by hyperkalemia starting-dose groups within strata ) . week 4 through week 52 , statistically significant mean decreases in serum potassium levels were observed at each monthly point in patients with mild and moderate hyperkalemia . the 52 weeks , hypomagnesemia ( 7.2 % ) was the most common treatment-related adverse event , mild to moderate constipation ( 6.3 % ) was the most common gastrointestinal adverse event , and hypokalemia ( < 3.5 mEq/L ) occurred in 5.6 % of patients . patients with hyperkalemia and diabetic kidney disease , patiromer starting doses of 4.2 to 16.8 g twice daily resulted in statistically significant decreases in serum potassium level after 4 weeks of treatment , lasting through 52 weeks . Identifier : NCT01371747 ."
375,Abstract #375,"patients with cancer who are married or in an intimate relationship , their relationships with their partners play a critical role in their adaptation to illness . , cancer patients and their partners often have difficulty in talking with each other about their cancer-related concerns . in communication ultimately may compromise both the patient-partner relationship and the patient 's psychological adjustment . current study tested the efficacy of a novel partner-assisted emotional disclosure intervention in a sample of patients with gastrointestinal ( GI ) cancer . hundred thirty patients with GI cancer and their partners were assigned randomly to receive 4 sessions of either partner-assisted emotional disclosure or a couples cancer education/support intervention . and partners completed measures of relationship quality , intimacy with their partner , and psychological distress before randomization and at the end of the intervention sessions . were analyzed using multilevel modeling . with an education/support condition , the partner-assisted emotional disclosure condition led to improvements in relationship quality and intimacy for couples in which the patient initially reported higher levels of holding back from discussing cancer-related concerns . emotional disclosure is a novel intervention that builds on both the private emotional disclosure and the cognitive-behavioral marital literature . results of this study suggested that this intervention may be beneficial for couples in which the patient tends to hold back from discussing concerns . authors concluded that future research on methods of enhancing the effects of partner-assisted emotional disclosure is warranted ."
376,Abstract #376,"study was undertaken to examine whether acupuncture treatment may have a long-term effect on smoking cessation or reduction . 46 healthy men and women who reported smoking 20 + / - 6 cigarettes per day ( mean + / - SD ) volunteered in the study . were randomly assigned to a test group ( TG ) or to a control group ( CG ) in which presumed anti-smoking acupoints were stimulated ( TG ) or acupuncture was applied to acupoints considered to have no effect on smoking cessation ( CG ) . each treatment , after the last one , and 8 months and 5 years after the last one , each subject answered questionnaires about his or her smoking habits and attitudes . samples for measuring variables related to smoking , i.e. , serum cotinine and serum thiocyanate , were taken . the treatment period the reported cigarette consumption fell on average by 14 ( TG ) and 7 ( CG ) cigarettes per day ( P < 0.001 ) . both groups the reported cigarette consumption rose on average by 5-7 cigarettes during the following 8 months , and there was no systematic change thereafter . , TG showed a maintained reduction in smoking ; no lasting effect was seen for CG . TG reported that cigarettes tasted worse than before the treatments , and also the desire to smoke fell . TG the serum concentration of cotinine fell , and the values correlated with the reported smoking . study confirms that adequate acupuncture treatment may help motivated smokers to reduce their smoking , or even quit smoking completely , and the effect may last for at least 5 years . may affect the subjects ' smoking by reducing their taste of tobacco and their desire to smoke . acupoints have different effects on smoking cessation ."
377,Abstract #377,"assess the safety of VivaGel used vaginally twice daily for 14 days among healthy , sexually-abstinent women , aged 18-24 years in the USA and Kenya . placebo controlled trial . were randomized 21 , VivaGel to placebo . was assessed by comparing genitourinary ( GU ) adverse events ( AEs ) , colposcopy findings , vaginal lactobacilli and laboratory abnormalities by arm . women were enrolled ; 35 in the VivaGel arm and 19 in the placebo arm . ( 74 % ) and 10 ( 53 % ) women reported taking all doses of VivaGel and placebo , respectively . grade 3 or 4 AEs , or serious AEs occurred . ( 71 % ) participants in the VivaGel arm compared to 10 ( 53 % ) participants in the placebo arm had at least one grade 1 or 2 GU AE associated with product use ( RR = 1.4 , 95 % CI 0.8-2 .2 ) . seven grade 2 GU AEs associated with product use occurred among four women in the VivaGel arm . and cervical erythema , cervical lesions , symptomatic BV , urinary frequency and metrorrhagia were more common in the VivaGel arm than the placebo arm . ( 83 % ) participants in the VivaGel arm had a colposcopic finding compared to 10 ( 53 % ) participants in the placebo arm ( RR = 1.6 , 95 % CI = 1.0-2 .5 ) . women in the VivaGel arm prematurely discontinued product use themselves due to a reported GU AE . of HO-producing and non-producing lactobacilli did not differ by study arm . AEs and colposcopic findings consistent with mild epithelial irritation and inflammation occurred more commonly among women in the VivaGel arm . NCT003311032 ."
378,Abstract #378,"nurses are an important target group for smoking prevention . study analyzes ( a ) the relation between student nurses ' smoking behavior and their knowledge , attitudes , and behavior toward smoking prevention and ( b ) the effect of targeted health education in improving student nurses ' knowledge , attitudes , and preventive behavior . controlled trial was performed with school classes as the randomization unit . hundred fifty-five first-year students from a school in nursing in Copenhagen , Denmark , participated in a baseline study and a follow-up study 7 weeks later . intervention included eight lectures on the health consequences of smoking . 40 % of student nurses in both the intervention and the control groups were smokers , and this percentage did not change during follow-up . with nonsmokers , smokers had less favorable attitudes and behavior toward smoking prevention . nurses ' knowledge about the health consequences of smoking improved during the study period in both groups , but the change was larger in the intervention group . difference was not present in multivariate analyses that controlled for age and smoking status . follow-up the attitude improved in the intervention classes , while it deteriorated in the controls , revealing a significant difference , which persisted after multivariate adjustment . amount of education had no effect on student nurse 's preventive behavior . health education improves knowledge and attitudes toward smoking prevention in first-year student nurses ."
379,Abstract #379,"is metabolized to dihydromorphine via the isoenzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 , whose activity is determined by genetic polymorphism . importance of the dihydromorphine metabolites for analgesia in poor metabolizers is unclear . aim of this study was to assess the importance of the dihydromorphine metabolites of dihydrocodeine in analgesia by investigating the effects of dihydrocodeine on somatic and visceral pain thresholds in extensive and quinidine-induced poor metabolizers . healthy subjects participated in a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , four-way cross-over study comparing the effects of single doses of placebo and slow-release dihydrocodeine 60 mg with and without premedication with quinidine sulphate 50 mg on electrical , heat and rectal distension pain tolerance thresholds . concentrations and urinary excretion of dihydrocodeine and dihydromorphine were measured . quinidine-induced poor metabolizers the plasma concentrations of dihydromorphine were reduced between 3 and 4 fold from 1.5 h to 13.5 h after dosing ( P < 0.005 ) and urinary excretion of dihydromorphine in the first 12 h was decreased from 0.91 % to 0.28 % of the dihydrocodeine dose ( P < 0.001 ) . significantly raised the heat pain tolerance thresholds ( at 3.3 h and 5 h postdosing , P < 0.05 ) and the rectal distension defaecatory urge ( at 3.3 h and 10 h postdosing , P < 0.02 ) and pain tolerance thresholds ( at 3.3 h and 5 h postdosing , P < 0.05 ) compared with placebo . with quinidine did not change the effects of dihydrocodeine on pain thresholds , but decreased the effect of dihydrocodeine on defaecatory urge thresholds ( at 1.5 h , 3.3 h and 10 h postdosing , P < 0.05 ) . quinidine-induced poor metabolizers significant reduction in dihydromorphine metabolite production did not result in diminished analgesic effects of a single dose of dihydrocodeine . metabolism of dihydrocodeine to dihydromorphine may therefore not be of clinical importance for analgesia . conclusion must however , be confirmed with repeated dosing in patients with pain ."
380,Abstract #380,"consequences of alcohol dependence are severe and may range from physical disease to neuropsychological deficits in several cognitive domains . abuse has also been related to brain dysfunction specifically in the prefrontal cortex . neuropsychological interventions ( paper-and-pencil cognitive stimulation training ) have a positive effect but are time-consuming , costly , and not motivating for patients . goal was to test the cognitive effects of a novel approach to neuropsychological intervention , using mobile technology and serious games , on patients with alcohol dependence . trial design consisted of a two-arm study assessing the cognitive outcomes of neuropsychological intervention with mobile serious games ( mHealth ) versus control ( treatment-as-usual with no neuropsychological intervention ) in patients undergoing treatment for alcohol dependence syndrome . patients were recruited from an alcohol-rehab clinic and randomly assigned to the mHealth ( n = 33 ) or control condition ( n = 35 ) . intervention on the experimental group consisted of a therapist-assisted cognitive stimulation therapy for 4 weeks on a 2-3 days/week basis . patients dropped out of the study . results of the neuropsychological assessments with the remaining 54 patients showed an overall increase ( P < .05 ) of general cognitive abilities , mental flexibility , psychomotor processing speed , and attentional ability in both experimental ( n = 26 ) and control groups ( n = 28 ) . , there was a more pronounced improvement ( P = .01 ) specifically in frontal lobe functions from baseline ( mean 13.89 , SE 0.58 ) to follow-up ( mean 15.50 , SE 0.46 ) in the experimental group but not in the control group . overall increase in general cognitive function for both experimental and control groups supports the beneficial role of existing alcohol treatment protocols aimed at minimizing withdrawal symptoms , but the differential improvements observed in frontal lobe functioning supports the use of mobile serious games for neuropsychological stimulation to overcome executive dysfunction in patients with alcohol dependence . trial was negative on two neuropsychological/cognitive tests , and positive on one . NCT01942954 ; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01942954 ."
381,Abstract #381,"compare the safety and immunogenicity of 12 different acellular pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids ( DTaP ) with one licensed diphtheria , tetanus , and whole-cell pertussis vaccine ( DTwP ) as a fourth-dose booster in children who had previously received DTaP or DTwP primary vaccinations . 15 - to 20-month-old children were enrolled at six National Institutes of Health Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Units . had been randomly assigned to receive three primary doses of DTaP or DTwP at 2 , 4 , and 6 months of age as part of an earlier National Institutes of Health multicenter trial of DTaP vaccines in the same Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Units . recorded the occurrence and magnitude of fever ; irritability ; and injection site redness , swelling , and pain for 3 days after vaccination . obtained before and 1 month after the booster vaccination were analyzed for antibody to pertussis toxin ( PT ) , filamentous hemagglutinin ( FHA ) , fimbriae ( FIM ) , and pertactin ( PRN ) . and tetanus toxoid as well as PT neutralizing ( Chinese hamster ovary cell ) and whole-cell agglutinating antibodies were measured on a subset of sera . total of 1293 children contributed fourth-dose reaction data . were less frequent after DTaP than after DTwP . children vaccinated with a fourth dose of DTaP , which was the same DTaP as received in the primary series , fever and injection site redness , swelling , and pain increased in prevalence compared with the third dose in the primary series . children receiving DTaP as a fourth dose , injection site redness and swelling occurred more frequently in DTaP-primed than in DTwP-primed children . in the occurrence of reactions among DTaP vaccines was observed . total of 1160 paired pre - and postvaccination sera were available for analysis . antibody concentrations before boosting were lower than those obtained 1 month after the primary immunization . the fourth dose , significant increases in antibodies directed against the included antigens were observed for all vaccines ; postbooster vaccination antibody titers differed significantly among the DTaP vaccines . children primed and boosted with the same DTaP , antibody levels were not directly related to the quantity of antigen included for PT , FHA , and FIM ; for PRN , there was a closer relationship . DTaP vaccines given as fourth-dose boosters elicited antibody to PRN or FIM in some vaccinees , although the DTaP vaccines were not reported to contain these antigens ; these responses were observed more frequently in DTwP-primed children . antibody rises were observed in all groups immunized with four doses of a DTaP vaccine containing FHA or PRN , regardless of whether the vaccine included FIM . and tetanus antibody levels exceeded the presumed protective concentration ( 0.1 IU/mL for diphtheria and 0.01 IU/mL for tetanus ) after the fourth dose for all vaccinees . differences were observed in reaction rates among the DTaP vaccines given as a fourth dose , the DTaP vaccines were , in general , associated with fewer adverse events than a US-licensed DTwP . DTaP vaccines , fever ; irritability ; and injection site pain , redness , and swelling occurred more frequently after the fourth dose than after the third dose of the same vaccine in the primary series . DTaP was consistently most or least reactogenic or immunogenic . serologic correlates of pertussis immunity are not defined , it is clear that most DTaP vaccines can stimulate comparable or higher serum antibody responses than DTwP for those antigens contained in the vaccine ."
382,Abstract #382,"evaluate effects of infusion of guaifenesin , ketamine , and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses . clinical trial . horses . were premedicated with xylazine and anesthetized with diazepam and ketamine . was maintained by infusion of guaifenesin , ketamine , and medetomidine and inhalation of sevoflurane ( 20 horses ) or by inhalation of sevoflurane ( 20 horses ) . surgical plane of anesthesia was maintained by controlling the inhaled concentration of sevoflurane . pentothal was administered as necessary to prevent movement in response to surgical stimulation . was treated with dobutamine ; hypoxemia and hypercarbia were treated with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation . quality of anesthetic induction , maintenance , and recovery and the quality of the transition to inhalation anesthesia were scored . delivered concentration of sevoflurane ( ie , the vaporizer dial setting ) was significantly lower and the quality of transition to inhalation anesthesia and of anesthetic maintenance were significantly better in horses that received the guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine infusion than in horses that did not . horses , all of which received sevoflurane alone , required administration of pentothal . time and quality of recovery were not significantly different between groups , but horses that received the guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine infusion required fewer attempts to stand . suggest that in horses , the combination of a guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine infusion and inhalation of sevoflurane resulted in better transition and maintenance phases while improving cardiovascular function and reducing the number of attempts needed to stand after the completion of anesthesia , compared with inhalation of sevoflurane ."
383,Abstract #383,"study explored possible mechanisms through which symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) were reduced in a randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of a yoga intervention with an assessment control . examined whether changes in psychological flexibility , mindfulness , and emotion regulation strategies ( expressive suppression and reappraisal ) were associated with posttreatment PTSD symptoms for 38 women with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition full or subthreshold PTSD . linear regression models revealed that expressive suppression significantly decreased for the yoga group relative to the assessment control . flexibility increased significantly for the control but not yoga group . , increases in psychological flexibility were associated with decreases in PTSD symptoms for the yoga but not control group . findings suggest that yoga may reduce expressive suppression and may improve PTSD symptoms by increasing psychological flexibility . research is needed to replicate and extend these findings ."
384,Abstract #384,"are currently no clinically useful assessments that can reliably predict -- early in treatment -- whether a particular depressed patient will respond to a particular antidepressant . explored the possibility of using baseline features and early symptom change to predict which patients will and which patients will not respond to treatment . were 2,280 outpatients enrolled in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression ( STAR * D ) study who had complete 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-self-report ( QIDS-SR16 ) records at baseline , week 2 , and week 6 ( primary outcome ) of treatment with citalopram . was defined as a 50 % reduction in QIDS-SR16 score by week 6 . developing a recursive subsetting algorithm , we used both baseline variables and change in QIDS-SR16 scores from baseline to week 2 to predict response/nonresponse to treatment for as many patients as possible with controlled accuracy , while reserving judgment for the rest . variables by themselves were not clinically useful predictors , whereas symptom change from baseline to week 2 identified 280 nonresponders , of which 227 were true nonresponders . subsetting recursively according to both baseline features and symptom change , we were able to identify 505 nonresponders , of which 403 were true nonresponders , to achieve a clinically meaningful negative predictive value of 0.8 , which was upheld in cross-validation analyses . subsetting based on baseline features and early symptom change allows predictions of nonresponse that are sufficiently certain for clinicians to spare identified patients from prolonged exposure to ineffective treatment , thereby personalizing depression management and saving time and cost . Identifier : NCT00021528 ."
385,Abstract #385,"purpose was to determine whether maternal administration of prophylactic ampicillin or erythromycin after preterm amnion rupture is associated with maternal or neonatal benefits . with singleton pregnancies between 24 and 33 weeks 6 days of gestation were eligible if they had no immediate indication for delivery . giving informed consent , patients were randomized either to receive ampicillin ( erythromycin if penicillin allergic ) until delivery or to enter a control group . whose cervical cultures were positive for either group B streptococci or Neisseria gonorrhoeae received treatment . and corticosteroids were not used . January 1990 to February 1992 117 patients ( antibiotics 59 , control 58 ) were recruited and analyzed . antibiotics were associated with a longer latent phase ( mean 12 vs 7.0 days , p = 0.004 ) and fewer maternal infectious complications ( 29 % vs 60 % , p = 0.001 ) . higher incidence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis was observed in the treatment group ( 14 % vs 3.5 % , p = 0.05 ) . neonatal complications , including death , were lower in the treatment group , but none attained statistical significance ( p = 0.09 to 0.33 ) . use of prophylactic antibiotics in selected patients after preterm amnion rupture appears to have a demonstrable maternal benefit . , multicenter trials may demonstrate a significant neonatal benefit or confirm any adverse outcomes ."
386,Abstract #386,"compare neonatal short-term outcome in patients who underwent spinal , general anaesthesia and conversion from spinal to general anaesthesia . hundred seventy-nine pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section were allocated randomly to general ( n = 89 ) or spinal anaesthesia ( n = 90 ) and compared with 63 patients who required conversion to general anaesthesia . cord artery pH , Apgar score as well as its individual parameter and need for assisted ventilation were evaluated . differences were found in pH values ( p = 0.35 ) , while the need for assisted ventilation differed significantly ( p = 0.001 ) . rate of depressed newborns was 1.1 % in the spinal group , 25.9 % in the general group and 12.7 % in the conversion group with a significant difference for all comparisons . 5-min , all newborns were vigorous . 1min , a higher score for each parameter was found in spinal group with respect to general group , while ` activity ' , ` grimace ' and ` respiration ' showed a higher score in conversion group than in general group . 5min , a difference was found only for ` activity ' . kinds of anaesthesia seem to be safe , but loco-regional blockade shows more advantages on the neonatal outcome also when a conversion is necessary ."
387,Abstract #387,"compare the clinical and radiological outcomes following two different , single visit vital pulp therapy techniques , in cariously exposed primary molar teeth . paediatric dental clinic within the Dental Hospital , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK . two child patients were sequentially enrolled in the clinical investigation , 26 males and 26 females with an age range of 3.3-12 .5 years . molar teeth requiring vital pulp therapy were randomly allocated to either the formocresol group ( F ) or the calcium hydroxide group ( C ) . total number of teeth treated was 84 . was on the basis of strict inclusion criteria . pulp amputation was prescribed only in teeth with vital , cariously exposed pulp tissue . was undertaken between October 1994 and December 1996 . cases were reviewed using predefined clinical and radiological criteria . statistical tests used were logistic regression of a triple nested data structure , chi-squared analysis of equality of treatment and probability of success with relation to subject age . cariously exposed primary molars required vital pulp therapy . six ( 55 % ) teeth were included in the F group and 38 ( 45 % ) allocated to the C group . teeth were lost to follow-up , leaving 79 teeth : forty four ( 56 % ) in group F and 35 ( 44 % ) in group C. Eighty four percent ( 37/44 ) of teeth treated with formocresol and 77 percent ( 27/35 ) treated with calcium hydroxide were classed as clinically and radiographically successful at the cut-off date , December 1997 , after a mean clinical review of 22.5 months ( range 6.1-38 .5 months ) and a mean radiographic review of 18.9 months ( range 1.3-36 .9 months ) . investigation confirms the clinical efficacy of a one-fifth dilution of Buckley 's Formocresol as an agent in pulp treatment of cariously exposed , vital primary molar teeth . , calcium hydroxide in its pure , powder form is a clinically acceptable alternative when combined with strict selection criteria for this method of restorative care . was a statistically insignificant difference in successful clinical and radiological outcome between the two treatment groups . was unrelated to the duration of time taken to achieve haemostasis and the presence or absence of bleeding after placement of the medicament ."
388,Abstract #388,"compare the efficacy of verapamil and diltiazem as slow infusions in terminating spontaneous supraventricular tachycardia ( SVT ) in the emergency department ( ED ) . of at least 10 years of age who presented to our ED with regular narrow complex tachycardia not converted with a vagal manoeuvre with an ECG diagnosis of SVT were included . who were haemodynamically unstable were excluded . were randomized to undergo either verapamil infusion at a rate of 1 mg/min to a maximum of 20 mg or diltiazem infusion at a rate of 2.5 mg/min to a maximum of 50 mg . patients were randomized to receive verapamil infusion and 80 were randomized to receive the diltiazem infusion . is no difference in success rate between verapamil ( 98.8 % ) and diltiazem ( 96.3 % ) infusion . dose of medication required to convert 25,50 and 75 % of SVTs were 4.0,5.0 and 8.0 mg for the verapamil infusion and 10.0,12.5 and 17.5 mg for the diltiazem infusion . was one complication in each group . channel blockers infusions were safe and efficacious in terminating spontaneous SVT . was no difference between the success rates of verapamil and diltiazem infusions ."
389,Abstract #389,"compare the efficacy and safety of a 3-day regimen of clindamycin vaginal ovules with a 7-day regimen of clindamycin vaginal cream for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis ( BV ) . with a clinical diagnosis of BV were treated with a 3-day course of clindamycin ovules or a 7-day course of clindamycin cream administered intravaginally . hundred and eighty-four patients received study drug and were included in the evaluable patient population ( ovule group , n = 204 ; cream group , n = 180 ) . included pelvic examination and diagnostic testing . efficacy endpoints were a resolution of two of three diagnostic criteria at the first follow-up visit and three of three diagnostic criteria at the second . rates in the evaluable patient population were similar between treatment groups : 53.7 % ( 109/204 ) for the ovule group and 47.8 % ( 85/180 ) for the cream group ( p = 0.2471 , 95 % CI -4.1 -16.0 % ) . most commonly reported medical event , vulvovaginal pruritus , had similar incidence in both treatment groups . 3-day course of clindamycin vaginal ovules is as effective and well-tolerated as a 7-day course of clindamycin vaginal cream in the treatment of BV ."
390,Abstract #390,"studies have indicated an association between spirituality and health outcomes . , little information is available about interventions that have been shown to enhance spiritual health and decrease stress . study examined the effects of a spiritual learning program ( SLP ) on nursing student-perceived spiritual health and clinical practice stress . convenience sample of nursing students currently enrolled at a nursing school in northern Taiwan were recruited to participate in this quasiexperimental study as participants to experimental and control groups via simple random sampling . from a spiritual health scale and a perceived clinical practice stress scale , together with the score for clinical nursing practice , were compared between the groups . data were collected from all participants . experimental group participated in 8 weeks of 50-minute per week SLP , which included lectures , discussion , reflection , and spiritual practices . second data set was collected from all participants after the intervention . third data set was collected after all participants had performed 4 weeks of nursing clinical practice . were all women . age was 19.4 years ( SD = 1.3 years ) . estimating equation analysis showed SLP to have a significant short-term effect on improving the total score for spiritual health ( p < .01 ) . greater improvement in clinical practice stress scores was also seen in the experimental group as compared with the control group ( all p < .05 ) . experimental group obtained a higher score of the final clinical practice than the control group ( t = 3.771 , p < .001 ) . SLP may encourage participants to see stressors as meaningful events that are connected to individual life purposes . program developed in this study may be used to improve spiritual health and reduce stress in nursing students ' clinical practice . SLP may be referenced when designing similar spirituality-related courses and applied to nursing student counseling ."
391,Abstract #391,", randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . examine the safety and efficacy of three different doses of the tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF - ) inhibitor etanercept versus placebo for the treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation ( LDH ) . - is considered to be a major cause of radicular leg pain associated with symptomatic LDH . administration of TNF - inhibitors for sciatica has indicated a trend toward efficacy . subjects aged between 18 and 70 years , with persistent lumbosacral radicular pain secondary to LDH , and an average leg pain intensity of 5/10 or more were randomized to 1 of 4 groups : 0.5-mg , 2.5-mg , 12.5-mg etanercept , or placebo . received 2 transforaminal epidural injections , 2 weeks apart , and were assessed for efficacy up to 26 weeks after the second injection . primary outcome measure was the change in mean daily worst leg pain ( WLP ) . outcomes included average leg pain , worst back pain , average back pain , in-clinic pain , Oswestry Disability Index , patient global impression of change , and tolerability . of the 49 randomized patients completed the study . receiving 0.5-mg etanercept showed a clinically and statistically significant ( P < 0.1 ) reduction in mean daily WLP compared with the placebo cohort from 2 to 26 weeks for both the per protocol population ( -5.13 vs. -1.95 ; P = 0.066 ) and the intention-to-treat population ( -4.40 vs. -1.84 ; P = 0.058 ) . percent of these subjects reported a 100 % reduction in WLP 4 weeks post-treatment compared with 0 % of subjects in the placebo cohort . in all secondary outcomes were also observed in the 0.5-mg etanercept cohort . overall incidence of adverse events was similar in placebo and all etanercept cohorts . transforaminal injections of etanercept provided clinically significant reductions in mean daily WLP and worst back pain compared with placebo for subjects with symptomatic LDH . etanercept may offer patients with sciatica a safe and effective nonoperative treatment ."
392,Abstract #392,"aim of this pilot study was to determine whether early atorvastatin treatment will reduce left ventricle ( LV ) remodeling , infarct size , and improve microvascular perfusion . animal studies , early statin therapy reduces reperfusion injury after a percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) for acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) . consecutive patients ( 82 % male , mean age 61.2 9.8 ) who underwent a primary PCI for a first ST-elevated AMI were randomized for pretreatment with atorvastatin 80 mg ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 22 ) and continued with the same dosage daily for 1 week . patients received atorvastatin 80 mg once daily 7 days after primary PCI . LV function and infarct size were measured by magnetic resonance imaging within 1 day , at 1 week , and 3 months follow up . primary endpoint was the end-systolic volume index ( ESVI ) at 3 months . endpoints were global LV function measurements , myocardial infarct size , biochemical cardiac markers , TIMI flow , and ST-T elevation resolution . 3 months after AMI was 25.1 mL/m ( 2 ) in the atorvastatin arm and 25.0 mL/m ( 2 ) in the placebo arm ( P = 0.74 ) . differences in change from baseline to 3 months follow up in global LV function and myocardial infarct size did not differ between both treatment arms . , biochemical markers , TIMI flow , and ST-T elevation resolution did not differ between atorvastatin and placebo arm . this pilot study , pretreatment with atorvastatin in an acute myocardial infarction does not result in an improved cardiac function , microvascular perfusion , or decreased myocardial infarct size ."
393,Abstract #393,"characterize effects of bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin plus eptifibatide on inflammation , and thrombin generation and activity after percutaneous coronary intervention . measured the concentration in blood of fibrinopeptide A , prothrombin fragment 1 +2 , soluble CD40 ligand , interleukin 1 receptor antagonist , interleukin 6 , and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in 63 patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel and undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention , who were randomized to treatment with either bivalirudin ( n = 34 ) or unfractionated heparin plus eptifibatide ( n = 29 ) . generation nor activity of thrombin increased 10 min after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients randomized to bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin plus eptifibatide . , prothrombin fragment 1 +2 increased modestly and comparably in both groups after 1 day . , reflected by concentrations of interleukin 6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein in blood , increased similarly 1 day after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients treated with either regimen . a subset of patients ( n = 12 in each group ) from whom blood was obtained 30 days after percutaneous coronary intervention , the concentration of high sensitivity C-reactive protein was lower in those who had been treated with bivalirudin ( by 3.5 mg/l , P = 0.002 ) . early effects on inflammation and thrombin generation and activity are similar after treatment with bivalirudin alone compared with unfractionated heparin plus eptifibatide in patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for symptoms of stable angina . decreased concentration of high sensitivity C-reactive protein seen 30 days after percutaneous coronary intervention in those treated with bivalirudin is consistent with greater attenuation of inflammation that may have contributed to the trend toward reduced mortality 1 year later in those treated with bivalirudin in REPLACE-2 ."
394,Abstract #394,"heater probe thermocoagulation and hemoclip are considered to be safe and very effective in the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcer . far , there are only few reports concerning hemostasis with endoscopic hemoclip . aims of this study were to compare the hemostatic effects of both therapeutic modalities in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding . total of 80 patients with active bleeding or nonbleeding visible vessels were randomized to receive endoscopic hemoclip ( n = 40 ) or heater probe thermocoagulation ( n = 40 ) . hemostasis was achieved in 34 patients ( 85 % ) in the hemoclip group and 40 patients ( 100 % ) in the heater probe group ( p = 0.01277 ) . occurred in three patients ( 8.8 % ) in the hemoclip group and two patients ( 5 % ) in the heater probe group ( p > 0.1 ) . patients with difficult-to-approach bleeding , we obtained a better hemostatic rate in the heater probe group ( nine of 11 patients vs three of 10 , p = 0.02417 ) . volume of blood transfused after entry into the study , duration of hospital stay , number of patients requiring urgent surgery , and the mortality rate were not statistically significantly different between the two groups . patients with peptic ulcer bleeding , heater probe thermocoagulation offers an advantage in achieving hemostasis than hemoclip . difficult-to-approach bleeders , heater probe is a more suitable therapeutic modality ."
395,Abstract #395,"aim of this study was to compare a fixed-sample and a sequential design with regard to study duration , sample size , and medical results in a real-life situation . randomized study comparing laparoscopic and conventional cholecystectomy was carried out with a fixed-sample design , parallel with a sequential design . main variable was duration of postoperative convalescence . the fixed-sample trial the necessary number of patients was calculated to be 72 . sequential trial was conclusive after inclusion of 24 patients and reduced the duration of the study from 43 to 18 weeks . , the sequential trial reached the same conclusions as the fixed-sample trial in all the observed variables except for one . present study indicates that sequential design should be used more frequently in clinical trials , to involve the smallest possible number of patients necessary to reach a conclusion ."
396,Abstract #396,"enteral nutrition ( TEN ) with a liquid formula can suppress gut inflammation and induce remission in active Crohn 's disease . mechanism is obscure . have suggested that long term nutritional supplementation with a liquid formula ( partial enteral nutrition ( PEN ) ) may also suppress inflammation and prevent relapse . aim of this study was to compare PEN with conventional TEN in active Crohn 's disease . children with a paediatric Crohn 's disease activity index ( PCDAI ) > 20 were randomly assigned to receive 50 % ( PEN ) or 100 % ( TEN ) of their energy requirement as elemental formula for six weeks . PEN group was encouraged to eat an unrestricted diet while those receiving TEN were not allowed to eat . primary outcome was achievement of remission ( PCDAI < 10 ) . analyses of changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , C reactive protein , albumin , and platelets were performed to look for evidence of anti-inflammatory effects . rate with PEN was lower than with TEN ( 15 % v 42 % ; p = 0.035 ) . PCDAI fell in both groups ( p = 0.001 for both ) , the reduction was greater with TEN ( p = 0.005 ) . , the fall in PCDAI with PEN was due to symptomatic and nutritional benefits . both treatments there were significant improvements in relation to abdominal pain , `` sense of wellbeing '' , and nutritional status . , only TEN led to a reduction in diarrhoea ( p = 0.02 ) , an increase in haemoglobin and albumin , and a fall in platelets and ESR . suppresses inflammation in active Crohn 's disease but PEN does not . suggests that long term nutritional supplementation , although beneficial to some patients , is unlikely to suppress inflammation and so prevent disease relapse ."
397,Abstract #397,"may affect adversely the cure rate for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients treated with amoxicillin and omeprazole . with clarithromycin and omeprazole was tested for its effectiveness in the treatment of H. pylori infection in smokers and nonsmokers . with verified duodenal ulcer and H. pylori infection received clarithromycin 500 mg tid , in combination with omeprazole 40 mg / day , for 2 weeks , followed by omeprazole ( 20 or 40 mg daily ) for 2 additional weeks according to a randomized , double-blind , multicenter design . were analyzed by their smoking status for the cure of H. pylori infection , ulcer healing , and prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence . treatment with clarithromycin and omeprazole , H. pylori infection was cured in 71 % of the smokers and in 77 % of the nonsmokers ( evaluated 4-6 weeks after treatment ) . ulcer healing was 95 % , and overall ulcer recurrence was 19 % . H. pylori-negative patients , ulcer recurrence was 12 % in both smokers and nonsmokers . of these values was significantly different when smokers were compared to nonsmokers . with clarithromycin and omeprazole is effective for cure of H. pylori infection in smokers and nonsmokers . has no effect on duodenal ulcer healing or duodenal ulcer recurrence for patients treated with this regimen ."
398,Abstract #398,"studies have not demonstrated good correlations between various presumed phenotypic measures of in vivo cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) 3A activity . , in reality , few have used appropriate and validated in vivo probes that consider the complexities of CYP3A . , the disposition of 3 closely related benzodiazepines with extensive and similar CYP3A-mediated metabolism characteristics but different pharmacokinetics was investigated , and correlations between the drugs were examined . single-dose oral clearances of alprazolam , midazolam , and triazolam and the systemic clearances of the latter 2 drugs were separately determined in 21 healthy subjects ( 10 men ) according to a randomized experimental design with a minimum 1-week period between the individual studies . erythromycin breath test was also performed . intravenous administration , systemic clearance varied 3-fold compared with a 6-fold range in clearance after an oral dose for all 3 drugs . , mean values differed markedly between the drugs , with the systemic clearance of midazolam being almost double that of triazolam ( 383 + / - 73 mL/min versus 222 + / - 54 mL/min ) . clearances were even more dissimilar : alprazolam , 75 + / - 36 mL/min ; triazolam , 360 + / - 195 mL/min ; and midazolam , 533 + / - 759 mL/min . of CYP3A-mediated extraction by the intestine and liver indicated approximately equal contributions by both organs but larger values for midazolam than for triazolam , and these differences accounted for the differences in oral bioavailability , 30 % + / - 13 % versus 55 % + / - 20 % , respectively . significant ( P = .001 to .004 ) correlations between the 3 drugs ' oral clearances ranged from 0.60 to 0.68 ( r s value ) , whereas the correlation for the systemic clearances of midazolam and triazolam was 0.66 ( P = .001 ) . statistically significant relationships were observed between any of the clearance parameters and the erythromycin breath test . alprazolam , midazolam , and triazolam having markedly different pharmacokinetic characteristics , statistically significant correlations were present between the oral and systemic clearances of the 3 drugs , consistent with a major involvement of CYP3A in their metabolism and elimination . , the magnitude of the coefficients of determination ( r s ) was such to suggest that an in vivo probe approach , even with the use of valid phenotypic trait values , will be unable to accurately and reliably predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of another CYP3A substrate , as determined by the enzyme 's constitutive activity ."
399,Abstract #399,"assess the change in the Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain ( ICOAP ) - scale scores in patients taking duloxetine or placebo and to characterize the responsiveness of the ICOAP by comparing the effect size associated with its scales to effect sizes seen with other pain scales used in this study . was a secondary analysis of data from a 10-week , double-blind , randomized , flexible-dose , placebo-controlled trial that enrolled patients who had persistent moderate pain due to osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the knee , despite having received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID ) therapy . pain measures used in this study ( focusing on the drug-placebo difference at week 8 ) were patient-rated pain severity , the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index ( WOMAC ) , the Brief Pain Inventory ( BPI ) , and the ICOAP . mean difference between duloxetine and placebo at week 8 for patient-rated pain severity , the BPI average pain , WOMAC pain , and each ICOAP scale was statistically significant ( P < 0.001 for each ) . ICOAP total showed a moderate effect size of 0.53 , whereas the constant and intermittent scores showed effect sizes of 0.47 and 0.49 , respectively . patient-rated pain severity and the BPI average pain showed similar moderate effect sizes of 0.59 and 0.53 , respectively . study demonstrated efficacy of duloxetine compared with placebo when using the ICOAP scale in a placebo-controlled trial . observed treatment effect size for the ICOAP scores was similar to that for other reliable , valid and responsive pain assessments . Identifier : NCT01018680 ."
400,Abstract #400,"remediation is an intervention to overcome cognitive deficits through drills and use of strategies . studies have reported positive effects for cognitive remediation on neurocognition , but researchers ' allegiance effects are not always adequately controlled . , its efficacy amongst the Asian population has not been established . , this study aimed to determine if cognitive remediation would have positive effects on neurocognition and functioning within an English-speaking Asian population , when compared against the effects of a credible and balanced control provided by therapists blinded to the study hypothesis . total of 70 participants with schizophrenia who attended vocational training or day rehabilitation programmes were randomised to receive a 60-hour programme of either cognitive remediation or physical exercise . and functional outcomes were measured at baseline , upon completion of treatment , 6 months after treatment and 1 year after treatment . who received cognitive remediation had significantly greater improvement in all neurocognitive domains . , the cognitive remediation group achieved greater attainment of vocational or independent living skills and better functional outcomes at post-intervention and at the end of the 1-year follow-up . compared against a credible intervention such as physical exercise , cognitive remediation was able to show significant positive effects on both neurocognition and functional outcomes among the Asian population of schizophrenia patients ."
401,Abstract #401,"aim of this study was to determine whether thyroxine treatment would improve nerve conduction in infants with Down syndrome . single-center , nationwide , randomized , double-blind , clinical trial was performed . with Down syndrome were assigned randomly to thyroxine ( N = 99 ) or placebo ( N = 97 ) treatment for 2 years . thyroxine doses were adjusted regularly to maintain plasma thyrotropin levels in the normal range and free thyroxine concentrations in the high-normal range . outcome measures were nerve conduction velocity and central conduction time , determined through median nerve somatosensory evoked potential recording , at the age of 24 months . the age of 24 months , somatosensory evoked potential recordings for 81 thyroxine-treated and 84 placebo-treated infants were available for analysis . conduction velocity and central conduction time did not differ significantly between the 2 treatment groups ( nerve conduction velocity : thyroxine : 51.0 m/second ; placebo : 50.1 m/second ; difference : 0.9 m/second ; central conduction time : thyroxine : 8.83 milliseconds ; placebo : 8.73 milliseconds ; difference : 0.1 milliseconds ) . thyroxine treatment of infants with Down syndrome did not alter somatosensory evoked potential-measured peripheral or central nerve conduction significantly . absence of favorable effects suggests that pathologic mechanisms other than mild postnatal hypothyroidism underlie the impaired nerve conduction . absence of adverse effects suggests that longstanding plasma free thyroxine concentrations in the high-normal range are not harmful to nerve maturation ."
402,Abstract #402,"is a bile acid sequestrant that differs structurally from traditional bile acid sequestrants , allowing it to bind bile acids with greater affinity . have shown that colesevelam significantly reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) levels and , in some cases , significantly increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) levels in adults with primary hypercholesterolemia . investigate the safety and efficacy of colesevelam in adults with primary hypercholesterolemia . multicenter , open-label , titration-based extension study enrolled subjects who completed one of three multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled phase II studies with colesevelam . study consisted of a 4-week washout/dietary stabilization period , a 50-week open-label treatment period , and a 2-week follow-up period . clinical centers within the US . and females 18 years of age or older who had completed a previous short-term ( 4 - or 6-week ) phase II clinical study with colesevelam . week 0 ( following a 4-week washout of all lipid-lowering medication ) , subjects initiated treatment with colesevelam at a dosage of 1.5 g/day . was uptitrated to a maximum dosage of 3.75 g/day as necessary to achieve a 15-30 % reduction from baseline in LDL-C level . week 12 , an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ( statin ) or niacin ( nicotinic acid ) could be added if colesevelam 3.75 g/day was not sufficient to result in a 15-30 % reduction from baseline in LDL-C level . primary efficacy measure was the change in LDL-C level from baseline to week 50 across all treatment regimens . efficacy parameters included the change and percent change in total cholesterol , HDL-C , and triglyceride levels from baseline to week 50 . were three cohorts analyzed : ( i ) colesevelam monotherapy ( included all subjects who received colesevelam monotherapy , regardless of dose ) ; ( ii ) all treatment regimens ( included all subjects who received colesevelam monotherapy or colesevelam plus low-dose statin or niacin therapy ) ; and ( iii ) combination therapy ( included only subjects who received colesevelam plus low-dose statin therapy ) . additional cohorts were also evaluated : ( iv ) maximum-dose colesevelam monotherapy ( included only subjects who received colesevelam 3.75 g/day monotherapy ) ; and ( v ) all maximum-dose colesevelam treatment regimens ( included all subjects who received colesevelam 3.75 g/day , either as monotherapy or in combination with low-dose statin or niacin therapy ) . total , 272 subjects were screened , 260 enrolled , and 186 completed the study . total , 255 subjects were included in the intent-to-treat population . maximum dosage of colesevelam ( 3.75 g/day ) was taken by 50 % of subjects ( n = 94/188 ) at week 50 ; only 38 subjects received low-dose statin or niacin by study end . week 50 , LDL-C levels were significantly ( p < 0.001 ) reduced from baseline across all treatment regimens ( by 29.6 mg/dL [ from 185.8 to 156.2 mg/dL ; 15.0 % ] ) . also significantly reduced total cholesterol levels and significantly increased HDL-C and triglyceride levels across all treatment regimens ( p < 0.001 for all ) . adverse events were reported by 36.2 % of subjects across all treatment regimens ( and by 47.4 % of subjects who received colesevelam plus low-dose statin or niacin therapy ) . this study , colesevelam was found to be safe and effective for the management of LDL-C levels in adults with primary hypercholesterolemia ."
403,Abstract #403,"assess the advantages and adverse effects of intraoperative low-dose Mitomycin C in filtering glaucoma surgery . eyes of 48 patients undergoing surgery for uncontrolled glaucoma were randomized to two groups : one underwent standard trabeculectomy , the other had trabeculectomy with intraoperative application of 0.1 mg/ml mitomycin C. Follow-up was at least one year . success rate ( IOP < 18 mmHg ) was 96.6 % in the mitomycin C group and 73.3 % in the control group . IOP at one year of successful cases was 11.1 + / - 3.1 mmHg in the mitomycin C group and 16.4 + / - 6.1 mmHg in controls ( p < 0.0001 ) . patients in the mitomycin C group ( 6.6 % ) and six ( 20 % ) in the control group needed antiglaucomatous drugs to keep IOP below 18 mmHg . C is a useful adjunct to glaucoma surgery . effects at the dosage used are mainly due to hypotony and are preventable with two-layer suture . mitomycin C may be useful in standard primary trabeculectomy ."
404,Abstract #404,"aim of this study was to determine if a stapled side-to-side closure of an ileostomy results in decreased length of hospital stay compared with a handsewn closure . March 1993 to August 1994 , patients who had previously undergone total proctocolectomy with pelvic pouch formation and loop ileostomy were studied . the time of ileostomy closure , patients were randomized to have their stoma closed by a handsewn technique or stapled closure . were prospectively gathered . 17 months , 61 consecutive patients ( 38 male , 23 female ) with a mean age of 37.8 ( range , 16-69 ) years had their ileostomy closed and were entered into this study . were 31 patients in the stapled group and 30 in the handsewn group . operative time was 55 ( range , 32-97 ) minutes in the stapled group and 67 ( range , 42-128 ) minutes in the handsewn group ( P = 0.01 Wilcoxon 's test ) . length of stay was three ( range , 2-5 ) days in the stapled group and 2.5 ( range , 1-19 ) days in the handsewn group . patient from the stapled group and two patients from the handsewn group were readmitted because of small-bowel obstruction . patient from the stapled group underwent additional surgery for a leaking enterotomy with no defect in staple closure . patients from the handsewn group underwent additional surgery for small-bowel obstruction . was no significant difference in day of first stool or day of solid diet for the two groups . and stapled closures of loop ileostomy are not significantly different with respect to day of first stool , day until solid diet , or discharge day . were similar in the two groups . closure is significantly quicker than handsewn closure ."
405,Abstract #405,"use of lightweight meshes in incisional hernia repair could have beneficial effects on quality of life . study aimed to compare a new titanium-coated lightweight mesh with a standard composite mesh after laparoscopic incisional hernia repair . randomized controlled single-center clinical trial was designed using the basic principle of one unit , one surgeon , one technique ( midline incisional hernia with a laparoscopic approach ) , and two meshes : a lightweight titanium-coated mesh ( group 1 ) and a medium-weight collagen-polyester composite mesh ( group 2 ) used in 102 patients . primary end points were pain and recurrence . secondary end points were morbidity and patient outcomes ( analgesic consumption , return to everyday activities ) . postoperative complication rates were similar for the two meshes . was significantly less common in group 1 than in group 2 at 1 month ( P = 0.029 ) but was similar for the two groups at 6 months and 1 year . was a significant difference between the two groups in the average use of analgesics : 6.1 days in group 1 versus 1.6 days in group 2 ( P < 0.001 ) . lightweight group returned to everyday activities after 6.9 days versus 9.7 days for the composite group ( P < 0.001 ) . rate of recurrence did not differ between the two groups at the 2-year follow-up evaluation . light titanium-covered polypropylene mesh was associated with less postoperative pain in the short term , lower analgesic consumption , and a quicker return to everyday activities than the Parietex composite medium-weight mesh . recurrence rates at 2 years showed no difference between the two groups ."
406,Abstract #406,"effectiveness of case-managed residential care ( CMRC ) in reducing substance abuse , increasing employment , decreasing homelessness , and improving health was examined . five-year prospective experiment included 358 homeless addicted male veterans 3 , 6 , and 9 months during their enrollment and at 12 , 18 , and 24 months after the completion of the experimental case-managed residential care program . customary control condition was a 21-day hospital program with referral to community services . experimental group averaged 3.4 months in transitional residential care with ongoing and follow-up case management for a total of up to 1 year of treatment . experimental group showed significant improvement compared with the control group on the Medical , Alcohol , Employment , and Housing measures during the 2-year period . examination of the time trends indicated that these group differences tended to occur during the treatment year , however , and to diminish during the follow-up year . groups , significant improvements were observed with time from baseline to all posttests on the four major outcomes . learned , however , that veterans had access to and used significant amounts of services even without the special case-managed residential care program . partially may account for improvements in the control group and may have muted the differences between groups ."
407,Abstract #407,"loss is recognised as a marker of poor prognosis in patients with cancer but the aetiology of cancer cachexia remains unclear . aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between CT measured parameters of body composition and the systemic inflammatory response in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer . patients with primary operable colorectal cancer who underwent resection with curative intent ( 2003-2010 ) . analysis of CT scans was used to measure total fat index ( cm ( 2 ) / m ( 2 ) ) , subcutaneous fat index ( cm ( 2 ) / m ( 2 ) ) , visceral fat index ( cm ( 2 ) / m ( 2 ) ) and skeletal muscle index ( cm ( 2 ) / m ( 2 ) ) . inflammatory response was measured by serum white cell count ( WCC ) , neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio ( NLR ) and the Glasgow Prognostic Score ( mGPS ) . were no relationships between any parameter of body composition and serum WCC or NLR . was a significant relationship between low skeletal muscle index and an elevated systemic inflammatory response , as measured by the mGPS ( p = 0.001 ) . was confirmed by linear relationships between skeletal muscle index and both C-reactive protein ( r = -0.21 , p = 0.005 ) and albumin ( r = 0.31 , p < 0.001 ) . was no association between skeletal muscle index and tumour stage . present study highlights a direct relationship between low levels of skeletal muscle and the presence of a systemic inflammatory response in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer ."
408,Abstract #408,"small trials with control groups that receive no intervention , acupuncture has been reported to improve functional outcome after stroke . studied effects of acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on functional outcome and quality of life after stroke versus a control group that received subliminal electrostimulation . a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 7 university and district hospitals in Sweden , 150 patients with moderate or severe functional impairment were included . days 5 to 10 after acute stroke , patients were randomized to 1 of 3 intervention groups : ( a ) acupuncture , including electroacupuncture ; ( b ) sensory stimulation with high-intensity , low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation that induces muscle contractions ; and ( c ) low-intensity ( subliminal ) high-frequency electrostimulation ( control group ) . total of 20 treatment sessions were performed over a 10-week period . variables included motor function , activities of daily living function , walking ability , social activities , and life satisfaction at 3-month and 1-year follow-up . baseline , patients in each group were closely similar in all important prognostic variables . 3-month and 1-year follow-ups , no clinically important or statistically significant differences were observed between groups for any of the outcome variables . 3 treatment modalities were all conducted without major adverse effects . compared with a control group that received subliminal electrostimulation , treatment during the subacute phase of stroke with acupuncture or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with muscle contractions had no beneficial effects on functional outcome or life satisfaction ."
409,Abstract #409,"newer atypical antipsychotics seem to be as effective as previous antipsychotics for impulsivity and aggressiveness of patients with borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . of this assessment was to compare the effectiveness of olanzapine versus haloperidol in BPD . female inpatients , meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition , Text Revision , criteria for BPD , were randomly entered in one of the 2 matching contemporaneous groups for an 8-week parallel double-blind study . included the random assignment to olanzapine or haloperidol in a 1:1 ratio . outcome measurements were as follows : Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale , Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory . were created at the beginning of the trial through patient assessments and final assessments at the end of the experiment . of effect size , calculation of confidence intervals and power analysis were also prepared . of the patients from within both groups completed the study . analysis at the eighth week interval revealed significant positive response by both olanzapine and haloperidol in comparison with the baseline ( P < 0.05 ) ; however , the between-group analysis showed no significant difference , among the patients , at the end of the experiment . analysis of specific Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale subscales in both groups revealed considerable and comparable improvements in anxiety , tension , depressive mood , and hostility . effect size analyzes illustrated remarkable improvements with both groups . seems to be no significant difference between olanzapine and haloperidol regarding the management of mental and behavioral symptoms of patients with BPD ."
410,Abstract #410,"evaluate the effect of two doses of vardenafil hydrochloride on penile rigidity and tumescence while determining the pharmacokinetics . patients with erectile dysfunction completed three oral single-dose regimens ( placebo , 20 and 40 mg vardenafil ) in a randomized , placebo-controlled , 3-way cross-over study . rigidity and tumescence were measured at the base and tip with a Rigiscan for up to 2 h after dosing . period included three 20-min repeated episodes of visual sexual stimulation . samples were taken periodically up to 24 h after dosing . 20 and 40 mg vardenafil , the mean duration of > 60 % rigidity of the base of the penis was greater than after placebo by 42.9 min ( 95 % Cl 29.3-56 .4 ) and by 49.3 min ( 95 % Cl 35.7-62 .9 ) , respectively ( p < 0.001 ) , and greater than after placebo by 34.6 min ( 95 % Cl 22.1-47 .1 ) for both doses at the tip . , significantly greater rigidity activity units and tumescence activity units were found for both doses compared with placebo ( p < 0.001 ) . plasma concentrations of vardenafil increased rapidly , with a median t ( max ) of about 40 min and a mean t1/2 of 4.4-4 .8 h. Relative bioavailability was slightly higher for the 40-mg dose than for the 20-mg dose . treatments were well tolerated , although slightly more adverse events , primarily headache , flushing and nasal congestion , were seen with the 40-mg dose compared with placebo . findings confirm that vardenafil was able to generate stronger erections of longer duration than placebo under conditions of visual sexual stimulation in patients with erectile dysfunction . pharmacokinetic , pharmacodynamic and tolerability profiles support vardenafil hydrochloride as a strong candidate for further testing as a treatment for erectile dysfunction ."
411,Abstract #411,"infection of the pancreatic tissue in patients with severe acute pancreatitis increases the morbidity and mortality rates . of the lower gastrointestinal tract and oropharynx with Gram-negative , but sometimes also Gram-positive , bacteria precedes contamination of the pancreas . aim of this study was to determine whether lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum 299 could prevent colonization of the gut by potential pathogens and thus reduce the endotoxaemia associated with acute pancreatitis . with acute pancreatitis were randomized into two double-blind groups . treatment group received a freeze-dried preparation containing live L. plantarum 299 in a dose of 109 organisms , together with a substrate of oat fibre , for 1 week by nasojejunal tube . control group received a similar preparation but the Lactobacillus was inactivated by heat . total of 45 patients completed the study . patients received treatment with live and 23 with heat-killed L. plantarum 299 . pancreatic necrosis and abscesses occurred in one of 22 patients in the treatment group , compared with seven of 23 in the control group ( P = 0.023 ) . mean length of stay was 13.7 days in the treatment group versus 21.4 days in the control group ( P not significant ) . L. plantarum 299 was effective in reducing pancreatic sepsis and the number of surgical interventions ."
412,Abstract #412,"evaluate the effectiveness of integrated , multidisciplinary care as compared with usual care for patients with moderate to severe , chronic hand eczema after 26 weeks of follow-up . study was designed as a randomized , controlled trial . who visited one of the participating hospitals were randomized to integrated care or usual care . care was carried out by a multidisciplinary team , and integrated clinical and occupational care to optimize treatment , and the patient 's quality of life and social functioning . variables were clinical assessment of hand eczema with the Hand Eczema Severity Index ( HECSI ) ( primary outcome ) , quality of life , patient 's global assessment of hand eczema , and sick leave . improvement on the HECSI was 22.4 points in the intervention group and 11.7 points in the control group . mean difference in improvement on the HECSI between both groups after 26 weeks was 10.7 points in favour of the integrated care group ( standard error 5.3 , 95 % confidence interval 0.3-21 .1 , p = 0.044 ) . differences in improvement between the groups were found for any of the other outcomes . integrated care programme significantly improved clinical outcome measures as compared with usual care , and was effective for treating patients with chronic hand eczema ."
413,Abstract #413,"with human papillomavirus ( HPV ) and diseases caused by HPV are common in boys and men . report on the safety of a quadrivalent vaccine ( active against HPV types 6 , 11 , 16 , and 18 ) and on its efficacy in preventing the development of external genital lesions and anogenital HPV infection in boys and men . enrolled 4065 healthy boys and men 16 to 26 years of age , from 18 countries in a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial . primary efficacy objective was to show that the quadrivalent HPV vaccine reduced the incidence of external genital lesions related to HPV-6 , 11 , 16 , or 18 . analyses were conducted in a per-protocol population , in which subjects received all three vaccinations and were negative for relevant HPV types at enrollment , and in an intention-to-treat population , in which subjects received vaccine or placebo , regardless of baseline HPV status . the intention-to-treat population , 36 external genital lesions were seen in the vaccine group as compared with 89 in the placebo group , for an observed efficacy of 60.2 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 40.8 to 73.8 ) ; the efficacy was 65.5 % ( 95 % CI , 45.8 to 78.6 ) for lesions related to HPV-6 , 11 , 16 , or 18 . the per-protocol population , efficacy against lesions related to HPV-6 , 11 , 16 , or 18 was 90.4 % ( 95 % CI , 69.2 to 98.1 ) . with respect to persistent infection with HPV-6 , 11 , 16 , or 18 and detection of related DNA at any time was 47.8 % ( 95 % CI , 36.0 to 57.6 ) and 27.1 % ( 95 % CI , 16.6 to 36.3 ) , respectively , in the intention-to-treat population and 85.6 % ( 97.5 % CI , 73.4 to 92.9 ) and 44.7 % ( 95 % CI , 31.5 to 55.6 ) in the per-protocol population . pain was significantly more frequent among subjects receiving quadrivalent HPV vaccine than among those receiving placebo ( 57 % vs. 51 % , P < 0.001 ) . HPV vaccine prevents infection with HPV-6 , 11 , 16 , and 18 and the development of related external genital lesions in males 16 to 26 years of age . Funded by Merck and others ; ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00090285 . )"
414,Abstract #414,"nasal immunotherapy by means of an extract in `` macronized '' powder from was studied in allergic rhinitis to Dermatophagoides species . Dermatophagoides-sensitive patients were studied for 12 months in a double-blind controlled trial . were selected on the basis of a positive history , skin test , radioallergosorbent test , and intranasal challenge to Dermatophagoides antigen . 12-patient groups were selected at random ; the first group was given active treatment , and the second received placebo . 6 months , the mean weekly symptom and medication scores were significantly lower in the treated group than in the control group . treated group had a significant increase of specific nasal threshold to Dermatophagoides antigen after treatment . reactions to local nasal immunotherapy , which were limited to the upper respiratory tract , occurred very rarely and did not interfere with dose schedule . nasal immunotherapy in powder form may be a suitable alternative to the traditional subcutaneous immunotherapy in terms of clinical efficacy and safety ."
415,Abstract #415,"aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative autotransfusion method on prevention of the need of allogeneic blood transfusion in hip and knee arthroplasty . patients who underwent 77 hip and knee arthroplasty operations were randomized into control and study groups , and evaluated prospectively . the knee group ( 39 patients ; 30 females , 9 males ; mean age 66.6 years ) , cemented , cruciate retaining , and bicompartmental arthroplasty was performed under tourniquet control ; whereas in the hip group ( 35 patients ; 24 females , 11 males ; mean age 59.3 years ) cementless arthroplasty with posterolateral approach was performed . of the patients received preoperative and intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusion . collected blood in the surgical area was transfused with autotransfusion system to the patients in the study groups at the end of the fourth hour postoperatively . mean amounts of autotransfused blood in hip and knee groups were 413 mL and 480 mL , respectively . blood transfusion was applied to the patients with hemoglobin level below 8 g/dL , hematocrit level below 25 % , and clinical symptoms of anemia . and postoperative hemoglobin-hematocrit levels did not differ significantly between study and control groups . blood transfusion was applied to one patient ( 5 % ) in study and 8 patients ( 38 % ) in control groups during knee arthroplasty ( p = 0.01 ) ; whereas 9 patients ( 53 % ) in study and 15 patients ( 79 % ) in control groups received allogeneic blood transfusion during hip arthroplasty ( p = 0.044 ) . amount of allogeneic blood transfusion in study groups was significantly lower than that in control groups ( p = 0.008 for knee arthroplasty , p = 0.048 for hip arthroplasty ) . need and amount of allogeneic transfusion were reduced with postoperative autotransfusion in both knee and hip arthroplasty groups with greater extent in knee arthroplasty ."
416,Abstract #416,"mediastinal staging is a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer . large range of methods is available for this purpose , making the process of adequate staging complex . objective of this study was to describe faults and benefits of positron emission tomography ( PET ) - CT in multimodality mediastinal staging . randomised clinical trial was conducted including patients with a verified diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer , who were considered operable . were assigned to staging with PET-CT ( PET-CT group ) followed by invasive staging ( mediastinoscopy and/or endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration ( EUS-FNA ) ) or invasive staging without prior PET-CT ( conventional work up ( CWU ) group ) . involvement ( dichotomising N stage into N0-1 versus N2-3 ) was described according to CT , PET-CT , mediastinoscopy , EUS-FNA and consensus ( based on all available information ) , and compared with the final N stage as verified by thoracotomy or a conclusive invasive diagnostic procedure . total of 189 patients were recruited , 98 in the PET-CT group and 91 in the CWU group . an intention-to-treat analysis the overall accuracy of the consensus N stage was not significantly higher in the PET-CT group than in the CWU group ( 90 % ( 95 % confidence interval 82 % to 95 % ) vs 85 % ( 95 % CI 77 % to 91 % ) ) . the patients in whom PET-CT was not performed ( n = 14 ) the difference was significant ( 95 % ( 95 % CI 88 % to 98 % ) vs 85 % ( 95 % CI 77 % to 91 % ) , p = 0.034 ) . was mainly based on a higher sensitivity of the staging approach including PET-CT . approach to lung cancer staging with PET-CT improves discrimination between N0-1 and N2-3 . those without enlarged lymph nodes and a PET-negative mediastinum the patient may proceed directly to surgery . , enlarged lymph nodes on CT needs confirmation independent of PET findings and a positive finding on PET-CT needs confirmation before a decision on surgery is made . ."
417,Abstract #417,"objectives of this randomized comparative effectiveness study conducted by members of the Practitioners Engaged in Applied Research and Learning ( PEARL ) Network were to determine whether using a resin-modified glass ionomer ( RMGI ) liner reduces postoperative hypersensitivity ( POH ) in dentin-bonded Class I and Class II resin-based composite ( RBC ) restorations , as well as to identify other factors ( putative risk factors ) associated with increased POH . Network practitioner-investigators ( P-Is ) ( n = 28 ) were trained to assess sensitivity determination , enamel and dentin caries activity rankings , evaluation for sleep bruxism , and materials and techniques used . P-Is enrolled 341 participants who had hypersensitive posterior lesions . were randomly assigned to receive an RBC restoration with or without an RMGI liner before P-Is applied a one-step , self-etching bonding agent . conducted sensitivity evaluations at baseline , at one and four weeks after treatment , and at all visits according to patient-reported outcomes . collected complete data regarding 347 restorations ( 339 participants ) at baseline , with 341 ( 98 percent ) ( 333 participants ) recalled at four weeks . groups were balanced across baseline characteristics and measures . restorations with or without an RMGI liner had the same one-week and four-week POH outcomes , as measured clinically ( by means of cold or air stimulation ) and according to patient-reported outcomes . of an RMGI liner did not reduce clinically measured or patient-reported POH in moderate-depth Class I and Class II restorations . and air clinical stimulation findings were similar between groups . Implications . time , effort and expense involved in placing an RMGI liner in these moderate-depth RBC restorations may be unnecessary , as the representative liner used did not improve hypersensitivity outcomes ."
418,Abstract #418,"new members of a drug class are developed , head-to-head trials are an important strategy to guide personalised treatment decisions . assessed two glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists , once-weekly albiglutide and once-daily liraglutide , in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs . undertook this 32-week , open-label , phase 3 non-inferiority study at 162 sites in eight countries : USA ( 121 sites ) , Australia ( 9 sites ) , Peru ( 7 sites ) , Philippines ( 7 sites ) , South Korea ( 5 sites ) , UK ( 5 sites ) , Israel ( 4 sites ) , and Spain ( 4 sites ) . adult participants ( aged 18 years ) with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes and a BMI between 20 and 45 kg/m ( 2 ) were enrolled and randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive albiglutide 30 mg once weekly titrated to 50 mg at week 6 , or liraglutide 06 mg once daily titrated to 12 mg at week 1 and 18 mg at week 2 . randomisation schedule was generated by an independent randomisation team by the permuted block method with a fixed block size of 16 . and investigators were unmasked to treatment . primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c for albiglutide versus liraglutide , with a 95 % CI non-inferiority upper margin of 03 % . primary analysis was by modified intention to treat . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01128894 . patients were randomly allocated to the albigultide group and 419 to the liraglutide group ; 404 patients in the abliglutide group and 408 in the liraglutide group received the study drugs . primary endpoint analysis was done on the modified intention-to-treat population , which included 402 participants in the albiglutide group and 403 in the liraglutide group . change in HbA1c from baseline to week 32 was -078 % ( 95 % CI -087 to -069 ) in the albigludite group and -099 % ( -108 to -090 ) in the liraglutide group ; treatment difference was 021 % ( 008-034 ; non-inferiority p value = 00846 ) . reactions occurred in more patients given albiglutide than in those given liraglutide ( 129 % vs 54 % ; treatment difference 75 % [ 95 % CI 36-114 ] ; p = 00002 ) , whereas the opposite was the case for gastrointestinal events , which occurred in 490 % of patients in the liraglutide group versus 359 % in the albiglutide group ( treatment difference -131 % [ 95 % CI -199 to -64 ] ; p = 000013 ) . who received once-daily liraglutide had greater reductions in HbA1c than did those who received once-weekly albiglutide . in the albiglutide group had more injection-site reactions and fewer gastrointestinal events than did those in the liraglutide group . ."
419,Abstract #419,"administration of inhaled budesonide ( 400 micrograms ) suppresses short-term growth in children with asthma . compare short-term growth and markers of collagen turnover during treatment with 800 micrograms of inhaled budesonide administered once daily in the morning and 400 micrograms administered twice daily . children with asthma aged 5.6 to 12.5 years . outpatient secondary referral center . randomized , double-blind , crossover trial with 2 treatment periods of 4 weeks was conducted , and growth was assessed with a knemometer . carboxy terminal propeptide of type I procollagen , the amino terminal propeptide of type I procollagen ( PINP ) , the carboxy terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen , the amino terminal propeptide of type III procollagen ( PIIINP ) , and urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were evaluated . lower leg growth rate ( P = .04 ) , PINP ( P = .03 ) , and PIIINP ( P < .01 ) were suppressed during twice-daily administration of budesonide , 400 micrograms . , no statistically significant differences were detected . compared with 400 micrograms of inhaled budesonide administered twice daily , 800 micrograms administered once daily in the morning has a sparing effect on short-term growth and collagen turnover ."
420,Abstract #420,"evaluate total intravenous anesthesia with propofol alone or in combination with S ( + ) - ketamine in rabbits undergoing surgery . , randomized , blinded trial . 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits , weighing 2.5-3 kg . received acepromazine ( 0.1 mg kg ( -1 ) ) and buprenorphine ( 20 microg kg ( -1 ) ) IM , and anesthesia was induced with propofol ( 2 mg kg ( -1 ) ) and S ( + ) - ketamine ( 1 mg kg ( -1 ) ) IV . received two of three treatments : propofol ( 0.8 mg kg ( -1 ) minute ( -1 ) ) ( control treatment , P ) , propofol ( 0.8 mg kg ( -1 ) minute ( -1 ) ) + S ( + ) - ketamine ( 100 microg kg ( -1 ) minute ( -1 ) ) ( PK100 ) or propofol ( 0.8 mg kg ( -1 ) minute ( -1 ) ) + S ( + ) - ketamine ( 200 microg kg ( -1 ) minute ( -1 ) ) ( PK200 ) . animals received 100 % O ( 2 ) during anesthesia . rate , mean arterial pressure , hemoglobin oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were measured every 5 minutes for 60 minutes . parameters were measured at zero time and 60 minutes . propofol injections , if necessary , and recovery time were recorded . increase in heart rate was observed in P and PK200 up to 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia . pressure decreased from baseline values during the first 10 minutes in P and PK200 , and during the first 15 minutes and between 45 and 55 minutes in PK100 . reduction in respiratory rate was observed after 5 minutes in all treatments . acidosis was observed in all treatments . ( 2.8 ) [ median ( interquartile range ) ] further propofol injections were necessary in P , which differed statistically from PK100 [ 1 ( 0.2 ) ] and PK200 [ 2 ( 0.6 ) ] . time was shorter in P compared with PK100 and PK200 , being [ 7.5 minutes ( 4.11 ) ] , [ 17.5 minutes ( 10.30 ) ] , and [ 12 minutes ( 10.30 ) ] , respectively . ( + ) - ketamine potentiates propofol-induced anesthesia in rabbits , providing better maintenance of heart rate . of these techniques were accompanied by clinically significant respiratory depression ."
421,Abstract #421,"examined staff utilization and procedure length for percutaneous and open bedside tracheostomies in an intensive care setting . clinical outcomes study . care unit ( ICU ) tracheostomy consults meeting criteria for bedside procedures were randomized to open or percutaneous procedures . Cook percutaneous kit and a prepackaged tracheostomy tray were used . nursing and respiratory therapy staff was present for all procedures . total resident time , staff time , and procedure length were recorded . patients underwent percutaneous tracheostomy , and 12 received an open tracheostomy . operating room nurse was present for 7 of the open procedures . medical staff was present for 3 open tracheostomies : anesthesia for 2 and critical care for 1 . medical staff was present for 4 percutaneous tracheostomies : anesthesia staff for 1 and critical care for 3 . average resident presence , staff presence , and procedure length for open tracheostomies were 47 , 30 , and 12 minutes , respectively . percutaneous tracheostomies , the times were 39 , 29 , and 12 minutes , respectively . intraoperative complication occurred during a percutaneous procedure and 2 perioperative complications occurred : 1 in the open group and 1 in the percutaneous group . was no significant difference in procedure length , resident time , or staff time between the 2 procedures . staff was occasionally used but was not thought to be necessary for the majority of procedures . procedures can be safely and expediently performed in the ICU ."
422,Abstract #422,"aim of this study was to investigate the association between the intensity of craving and the types of coping skills used by nicotine-dependent patients . was an experimental study . sample comprised 201 subjects , mean age 38.15 years . participants were randomly divided into groups of zero , 30 and 60 minutes of nicotine abstinence . following instruments were administered : the Chart of Sociodemographic Data , the Fagerstrm Test for Nicotine Dependence , the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges , and the Coping Strategies Inventory . most frequently used coping strategies are presented in descending order : accepting responsibility , self-control and distancing . was a positive correlation between the confrontive coping strategy and the total score on the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges ( rs = 0.146 ; p = 0.045 ) and the score on Factor 1 ( rs = 0.165 ; p = 0.023 ) . most intense craving can lead nicotine-dependent individuals to use confrontive coping strategies that make them unable to control their emotions or to face the situations of high risk of relapse . finding demonstrates that the treatment of smokers should include psychological education about the pitfalls of using these types of strategy and should teach them new types of coping strategies for craving management ."
423,Abstract #423,"and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy ( ECG-LVH ) are strong predictors of heart failure ( HF ) . is unclear whether regression of ECG-LVH during treatment predicts less new-onset HF in patients with isolated systolic hypertension ( ISH ) . total of 9,027 patients with hypertension and ECG-LVH and without a history of HF were randomized to losartan - or atenolol-based treatment in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study . HF and the combined endpoint of HF and death were evaluated in 1,280 ISH patients and as compared with 7,747 patients with systolic-diastolic hypertension or isolated diastolic hypertension ( non-ISH ) during mean 4.8 0.9 years follow-up . HF and HF or death occurred in 57 ( 4.5 % ) and 179 ( 14.0 % ) ISH patients and 220 ( 2.8 % ) and 787 ( 10.2 % ) non-ISH patients . Cox regression analyses adjusting for treatment and HF risk factors , time-varying Cornell product was associated with lower risk of new-onset HF in ISH ( adjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) 0.79 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.67-0 .94 , P = 0.008 , per 1,050 mm ms ( 1 SD ) lower Cornell product ) and in non-ISH ( adjusted HR 0.67 , 95 % CI 0.61-0 .72 , P < 0.001 , per SD lower Cornell product ) . parallel analyses , time-varying Cornell product was associated with lower risk of new-onset HF or death in ISH and non-ISH ( adjusted HR 0.83 , 95 % CI 0.75-0 .93 , P = 0.001 and 0.82 , 95 % CI 0.77-0 .87 , P < 0.001 , per SD lower Cornell product ) . of time-varying Cornell product was associated with similar reductions in risk of new-onset HF and the combined endpoint of HF or death in ISH and non-ISH patients ."
424,Abstract #424,"of the relationship between repeated measurements of CD4 lymphocyte count and development of AIDS in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients . measurements of CD4 lymphocyte counts over an AIDS-free period in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients , and follow-up of the cohort to record subsequent clinical progression to AIDS . cohort was studied in a double-blind randomized clinical trial . lymphocyte counts were measured on three occasions over 8 months in 851 patients . subsequent clinical progressions to AIDS were recorded during a median follow-up period of 15.3 months . of the three measurements of CD4 lymphocyte count were separately predictive of subsequent progression to AIDS . , when the three measurements were included simultaneously in a predictive model only the last measurement showed a significant predictive value . in individual CD4 count was also related to the risk of developing AIDS , but was no longer significant when the most recent measurement was included in the model . results indicate the closeness of the relationship between the actual state of the immune system and subsequent progression to AIDS ."
425,Abstract #425,"secondary to iron deficiency is common in patients with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease ( ND-CKD ) but it is unclear if oral supplementation is as effective as intravenous ( IV ) supplementation in re-establishing iron stores . purpose of this study was to determine if oral Heme Iron Polypeptide ( HIP ) is as effective as IV iron sucrose in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia for patients with ND-CKD . ND-CKD patients were randomized ; 18 to HIP 11 mg orally 3 times per day and 22 to IV iron sucrose 200 mg monthly for 6 months . clinical and laboratory data were collected for all patients . primary and secondary outcomes for the study were hemoglobin ( Hgb ) concentration and iron indices [ ferritin and percentage transferrin saturation ( TSAT ) ] at the end of 6 months respectively . events were also compared . baseline demographic characteristics and laboratory values were similar for the two groups . 6 months of treatment , Hb in the HIP group was 117 g/L and 113 g/L in the IV sucrose group ( p = 0.37 ) . TSAT at 6 months was not different between the two groups { p = 0.82 } but the serum ferritin was significantly higher in the IV iron sucrose group { 85.5 ug/L in HIP and 244 ug/L ; p = 0.004 } . adverse events were not different between the groups . is similar in efficacy to IV iron sucrose in maintaining hemoglobin in ND-CKD patients with no differences in adverse events over 6 months . is unclear if the greater ferritin values in the IV iron sucrose group are clinically significant . : NCT00318812 ."
426,Abstract #426,"recommendation of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer with lymph node metastases , based on two studies from USA , was reluctantly accepted by Norwegian medical doctors . was therefore decided to assess the role of adjuvant therapy with 5fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) combined with levamisole ( Lev ) in a confirmatory randomised study . hundred and twenty five patients with operable colon and rectum cancer , Stage II and III ( Dukes ' stage B and C ) , were from January 1993 to October 1996 , included in a randomised multicentre trial in Norway . age limits were 18-75 years . started with a loading course of bolus i.v. 5-FU ( 450 mg/m ( 2 ) ) daily for 5 days and p.o. doses of Lev ( 50 mg x 3 ) for 3 days . day 28 a weekly i.v. 5-FU dose ( 450 mg/m ( 2 ) ) were administered for 48 weeks . day 28 also p.o. doses of Lev ( 50 mg x 3 ) for 3 days were given every 14 days . total 214 patients were randomised to 5FU/Lev and 211 were included in the control group with surgery alone . did not comply with the inclusion and exclusion criteria , thus leaving 206 evaluable patients in each group . was no significant survival difference between the two groups at 5 years : Disease-free survival ( DFS ) was 73 % after chemotherapy , 68 % ( p = 0.24 ) in the control group , and corresponding cancer specific survival ( CSS ) 75 % and 71 % , respectively ( p = 0.69 ) . was no difference between the two groups when analysed for colon and rectum separately . , the subgroup of colon cancer with stage III exhibited a statistically significant difference both for DFS , 58 % vs. 37 % ( p = 0.012 ) and CSS , 65 % vs. 47 % ( p = 0.032 ) in favour of adjuvant chemotherapy . benefit was further statistically significant for women but not for men . was generally mild and acceptable with no drug related fatalities . cancer patients with lymph node metastases benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU/Lev with acceptable toxicity . a subgroup analysis females did better than males . cancer does not benefit from this regimen ."
427,Abstract #427,"inhibit the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis , the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) to mevalonate by HMG-CoA reductase . are usually taken in the evening as the HMG-CoA reductase activity is high during the night . recommendation might not apply if statins are given as extended-release ( ER ) formulations . present study investigated the influence of time of intake of fluvastatin 80 mg ER on cholesterol biosynthesis . objectives were to measure the change in 24-hour urinary mevalonic acid excretion , to determine plasma concentrations of mevalonic acid and fluvastatin and to monitor triglycerides , total cholesterol , HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol . was a randomized , 2-period crossover study in 26 hypercholesterolemic patients who received a single daily dose of fluvastatin both in the morning and in the evening . baseline , the amount of mevalonic acid was 204.9 + / - 68.1 microg/g creatinine . a single dose of fluvastatin mean urine values of mevalonate were significantly reduced to 129.8 + / - 66.2 micro/g ( evening ) and to 118.7 + / -34.3 microg/g ( morning ; n.s. between groups ) , thus representing a reduction of about 39 % . to baseline , plasma mevalonate concentrations were decreased by fluvastatin resulting in similar 24-hour profiles after the morning and the evening dosage . pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin were similar in both periods of the study , with higher plasma concentrations for several hours following the evening dosage . study demonstrates that fluvastatin ER is equally effective in inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis when given once daily in the morning and once daily in the evening ."
428,Abstract #428,"present study evaluated the prevalence of radicular sensitivity to scratching as well as the effects of a common oxalate desensitizing agent on sensitivity to air blast and scratching . patients self-reporting dentin hypersensitivity , with at least two hypersensitive teeth , were included . to any treatment , their sensitivity to air blast was recorded and rated as absent or present , and the force necessary to trigger pain when scratching was measured with a scratchometer in cN . each patient one sensitive tooth was treated with an oxalate desensitizing agent and the other one with a placebo solution . same measurements were carried out after treatment . treatment with a placebo solution , 70 % of the teeth remained sensitive to air blast while only 38 % of the desensitizing agent-treated teeth remained sensitive to air blast ( P < 0.01 ) . mean force required to elicit pain prior to any treatment was 44 + / - 17 cN . force statistically increased significantly after application of the placebo ( 53 + / - 17 cN ) ( P < 0.05 ) . using the desensitizing agent , the force was even higher ( 95 + / - 24 cN ) ( P < 0.01 ) . 8 % of the teeth treated with the desensitizing agent did not respond to treatment compared to 37 % of the teeth treated with the placebo solution . placebo solution had a significant effect on sensitivity to air blast and to scratching ( P < 0.05 ) . oxalate desensitizing agent was more effective than the placebo solution at decreasing the sensitivity both to air blast and to scratching ( P < 0.01 ) . sensitivity to air blast seems to be overestimated because , after using the desensitizing agent , 38 % of the teeth remained sensitive to air blast but only 8 % remained sensitive to scratching . inflammation may be involved in those teeth that did not respond to treatment ."
429,Abstract #429,"beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids are used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) , but their effect on survival is unknown . conducted a randomized , double-blind trial comparing salmeterol at a dose of 50 microg plus fluticasone propionate at a dose of 500 microg twice daily ( combination regimen ) , administered with a single inhaler , with placebo , salmeterol alone , or fluticasone propionate alone for a period of 3 years . primary outcome was death from any cause for the comparison between the combination regimen and placebo ; the frequency of exacerbations , health status , and spirometric values were also assessed . 6112 patients in the efficacy population , 875 died within 3 years after the start of the study treatment . mortality rates were 12.6 % in the combination-therapy group , 15.2 % in the placebo group , 13.5 % in the salmeterol group , and 16.0 % in the fluticasone group . hazard ratio for death in the combination-therapy group , as compared with the placebo group , was 0.825 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.681 to 1.002 ; P = 0.052 , adjusted for the interim analyses ) , corresponding to a difference of 2.6 percentage points or a reduction in the risk of death of 17.5 % . mortality rate for salmeterol alone or fluticasone propionate alone did not differ significantly from that for placebo . compared with placebo , the combination regimen reduced the annual rate of exacerbations from 1.13 to 0.85 and improved health status and spirometric values ( P < 0.001 for all comparisons with placebo ) . was no difference in the incidence of ocular or bone side effects . probability of having pneumonia reported as an adverse event was higher among patients receiving medications containing fluticasone propionate ( 19.6 % in the combination-therapy group and 18.3 % in the fluticasone group ) than in the placebo group ( 12.3 % , P < 0.001 for comparisons between these treatments and placebo ) . reduction in death from all causes among patients with COPD in the combination-therapy group did not reach the predetermined level of statistical significance . were significant benefits in all other outcomes among these patients . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00268216 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] . )"
430,Abstract #430,"nitric oxide has been shown to improve oxygenation in select patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) . purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical response to four concentrations of inhaled nitric oxide ( NO ) in 20 patients with ARDS . patients with ARDS were eligible for the study . was defined as ( 1 ) the presence of a predisposing factor ; ( 2 ) a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 200 ; ( 3 ) bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph ; and ( 4 ) absence of evidence of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure < 18 mm Hg . received each of four doses ( 1 , 15 , 30 , and 60 ppm ) in random order , each for a 3-hour period . variables were continuously monitored , and arterial and mixed venous blood gas measurements were obtained at 30 minutes and 3 hours . of the 20 patients demonstrated a significant increase in their PaO2/FiO2 ( > 20 % increase ) when treated with inhaled NO . administration of inhaled NO was associated with an increase in oxygenation at doses of 1 , 15 , and 30 ppm , but not 60 ppm . NO dose to more than 1 ppm did not significantly improve response . pulmonary artery pressure decreased with increasing NO concentration , but this did not reach statistical significance . of the 13 responding patients and 2 of the 7 nonresponding patients survived . NO was successful in increasing PaO2/FiO2 by > 20 % in 65 % of the surgical patients in this trial . to NO could not be predicted by initial PaO2/FiO2 or pulmonary artery pressures . trial of inhaled NO at a dose of < 10 ppm may be helpful in ARDS patients requiring increasing FiO2 and positive end-expiratory pressure ."
431,Abstract #431,"guidelines recommend the use of 2 agents with synergistic action when > 1 agent is needed to achieve blood pressure goals . antihypertensive treatment combinations include fixed-dose combinations of an angiotensin receptor blocker and a calcium channel blocker . I-ADD study aimed to demonstrate whether the antihypertensive efficacy of fixed-dose combination irbesartan 300 mg/amlodipine 5 mg ( I300/A5 ) was superior to that of irbesartan ( I300 ) monotherapy in lowering home systolic blood pressure after 10 weeks ' treatment . I-ADD study was a 10-week , multicenter , Phase III , prospective , randomized , parallel-group , open-label with blinded-end point study . main inclusion criterion was essential uncontrolled hypertension ( systolic blood pressure 145 mm Hg at office after at least 4 weeks of irbesartan 150 mg [ I150 ] monotherapy administered once daily ) . continued to receive I150 for 7 to 10 days and were randomized to either monotherapy with I150 for 5 weeks then I300 for the next 5 weeks , or to a fixed-dose combination therapy ( I150/A5 , then I300/A5 ) . profile was assessed by recording adverse events reported by patients or observed by the investigator . enrollment , 325 patients were randomized to treatment , and 320 ( mean [ SD ] age , 56.7 [ 11.4 ] years ; 41 % male ) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis : 155 patients treated with I150/A5 then I300/A5 , and 165 patients treated with I150 then I300 . randomization , mean home systolic blood pressure was similar in both groups : 152.7 ( 11.8 ) mm Hg in the I150/A5 group and 150.4 ( 10.1 ) mm Hg in the I150 group . week 10 , the adjusted mean difference in home systolic blood pressure between groups was -8.8 ( 1.1 ) mm Hg ( P < 0.001 ) . percentage of controlled patients ( mean home blood pressure < 135 and 85 mm Hg ) was nearly 2-fold higher in the I300/A5 group versus the I300 group ( P < 0.001 ) . adverse events were experienced by 10.5 % of I300/A5-treated patients and 6.6 % of I300-treated patients during the second 5-week period . serious adverse events were reported ; 2 with monotherapy ( 1 with I150 and 1 with I300 ) and 1 with fixed-dose combination I300/A5 . patients affected by serious adverse events made a full recovery . 10-week data from this patient population suggest a greater antihypertensive efficacy of the fixed-dose combination I300/A5 over I300 alone in lowering systolic blood pressure . treatments were well tolerated throughout the study . identifier : NCT00957554 ."
432,Abstract #432,"Pediatric Oncology Group ( POG ) acute leukemia in childhood ( ALinC ) 13 study tested two treatment regimens that used different CNS chemoprophylaxis for children older than 12 months with non-T , non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) and with no demonstrable CNS disease at diagnosis . the first regimen , standard ( S ) , six injections of triple intrathecal chemotherapy ( TIC ) , consisting of methotrexate ( MTX ) , hydrocortisone ( HC ) , and cytarabine ( ara-C ) , were administered during intensification treatment and at every-8-week intervals throughout the maintenance phase for 17 additional doses . second regimen , standard and MTX pulses ( SAM ) , also specified six TICs during intensification , but substituted every-8-week pulses of intermediate-dose parenteral methotrexate ( IDM ; 1 g/m2 ) for the 17 maintenance TIC injections , with a low-dose intrathecal ( IT ) MTX boost administered with the first four maintenance IDM pulses . , systemic therapy on regimen SAM was identical to regimen S. were 1,152 patients randomized to the S and SAM regimens after stratification by risk group ( age/leukocyte count ) and immunophenotype . 5-year probabilities ( + / - SE ) of an isolated CNS relapse were regimen S : good risk ( n = 381 ) , 2.8 % + / - 1.3 % ; poor risk ( n = 196 ) , 7.7 % + / - 3.2 % ; good + poor risk ( n = 577 ) , 4.7 % + / - 1.5 % ; regimen SAM : good risk ( n = 388 ) , 9.6 % + / - 2.2 % ; poor risk ( n = 187 ) , 12.7 % + / - 4.2 % ; good + poor risk ( n = 575 ) , 10.9 % + / - 2.2 % . poor-risk patients , approximately one third of the isolated CNS relapses occurred before preventive CNS therapy was begun at week 9 . , regimen S has provided better CNS preventive therapy for both good - and poor-risk patients ( P < .001 overall ) . difference is statistically significant for good-risk patients ( P < .001 ) , but not for poor-risk patients ( P = .20 ) . treatment has shown a significant advantage in terms of general outcome . injections extended throughout the intensification and maintenance periods are superior to IDM pulses for prevention of CNS leukemia . results with TIC seem comparable with those achieved with other contemporary methods of CNS preventative therapy . , extended TIC affords a reasonable alternative to CNS irradiation plus upfront IT MTX for patients with B-progenitor ALL ."
433,Abstract #433,"compare the clinical outcomes of standard , cylindrical , screw-shaped to novel tapered , transmucosal ( Straumann Dental implants immediately placed into extraction sockets . this randomized-controlled clinical trial , outcomes were evaluated over a 3-year observation period . report deals with the need for bone augmentation , healing events , implant stability and patient-centred outcomes up to 3 months only . centres contributed a total of 208 immediate implant placements . surgical and post-surgical procedures and the evaluation parameters were discussed with representatives of all centres during a calibration meeting . careful luxation of the designated tooth , allocation of the devices was randomly performed by a central study registrar . allocated SLA titanium implant was installed at the bottom or in the palatal wall of the extraction socket until primary stability was reached . the extraction socket was > or = 1 mm larger than the implant , guided bone regeneration was performed simultaneously ( Bio Oss and BioGide . flaps were then sutured . non-submerged transmucosal healing , everything was done to prevent infection . surgery , the need for augmentation and the degree of wound closure was verified . stability was assessed clinically and by means of resonance frequency analysis ( RFA ) at surgery and after 3 months . healing was evaluated after 1 , 2 , 6 and 12 weeks post-operatively . demographic data did not show any differences between the patients receiving either standard cylindrical or tapered implants . implants yielded uneventful healing with 15 % wound dehiscences after 1 week . 2 weeks , 93 % , after 6 weeks 96 % , and after 12 weeks 100 % of the flaps were closed . percent of both implant designs required bone augmentation . after implantation , RFA values were 55.8 and 56.7 and at 3 months 59.4 and 61.1 for cylindrical and tapered implants , respectively . outcomes did not differ between the two implant designs . , a clear preference of the surgeon 's perception for the appropriateness of the novel-tapered implant was evident . RCT has demonstrated that tapered or standard cylindrical implants yielded clinically equivalent short-term outcomes after immediate implant placement into the extraction socket ."
434,Abstract #434,"is a general belief that the presence of a cast or a bandage eliminates the lowering effects of skin temperature when local cold therapy applied on the surface of the cast or bandage . purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of temperature changes at the skin of the ankle after the application of frozen ice packs to the surface of various casts and bandages both in normal and swollen ankles . healthy subjects ( Group A ) and 12 patients with Grade III inversion type acute ankle sprain ( Group B ) were randomly divided into four groups . sensor of the digital thermometer was secured to the ankle over the anterior talo-fibular ligament in every subject before placement of a bandage or cast . Jones bandage , elastic support bandage , a below-knee plaster cast and synthetic below-knee cast were applied in groups 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 , respectively . frozen ice packs were placed around the cast or bandage at the level of sensor , and skin temperatures were recorded . skin temperature under dressings and casts decreased significantly relative to the baseline temperatures with local cold therapy in all groups . fall in the temperature with cryotherapy in group A showed a three-phase pattern of change between groups 1 and 2 , groups 2 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 during the experiment . fall in the skin temperature with ice packs differed significantly between groups 1 and 3 , and also groups 1 and 4 from the beginning till the end of the experiment . was no significant difference between groups 3 and 4 in terms of skin temperature fall with cryotherapy during the whole experiment . results were similar in group B. bandage or cast does not prevent measurable skin temperature lowering by frozen ice packs both in normal and swollen ankles ."
435,Abstract #435,"is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV-1 which exhibits synergy in vitro with zidovudine ( ZDV ) and also is active against ZDV-resistant HIV . evaluated the activity and safety of nevirapine in combination with ZDV in patients receiving long-term ZDV therapy . conducted a randomized , open-label , controlled 28-week study of nevirapine ( 200 mg daily for 2 weeks followed by 200 mg twice daily for 26 weeks ) and continued ZDV ( 500-600 mg daily ) versus continued ZDV alone in 49 HIV-1 p24 antigenaemic patients with CD4 + lymphocyte counts < 500 x 10 ( 6 ) / l and who had been treated with ZDV for at least 6 months . of nevirapine to ZDV resulted in a significant and rapid reduction in circulating RNA load ( mean , 0.65 ) , a mean CD4 + lymphocyte rise of 34 x 10 ( 6 ) / l , a reduction in serum beta 2-microglobulin and a median fall in immune complex dissociated p24 antigen levels of 69 % . changes remained statistically significant for 4 , 4 , 12 and at least 28 weeks , respectively . principal adverse event due to nevirapine was a hypersensitivity reaction comprising rash with or without fever and mucositis in eight ( 32 % ) patients , which was dose-limiting in seven patients . exhibits significant although transient anti-HIV activity in ZDV-pretreated patients but its use is frequently associated with a hypersensitivity reaction ."
436,Abstract #436,"plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) and the N-terminal fragment of the ANP prohormone ( N-ANP ) are associated with decreased left ventricular function and decreased long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) . data suggest that plasma brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) may increase proportionally more than plasma ANP after AMI and in chronic heart failure . diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma BNP as an indicator of left ventricular dysfunction and long-term survival after AMI , relative to that of ANP and N-ANP , remain to be established . blood samples for analysis of ANP , N-ANP , and BNP were obtained on day 3 after symptom onset from 131 patients with documented AMI . ventricular ejection fraction was determined by echocardiography in a subsample of 79 patients . cardiovascular and 3 noncardiovascular deaths occurred during the follow-up period ( median , 1293 days ) . three peptides proved to be powerful predictors of cardiovascular mortality by univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses ( ANP : P < .0001 ; N-ANP : P = .0002 ; BNP : P < .0001 ) . a multivariate model , plasma BNP ( P = .021 ) but not ANP ( P = .638 ) or N-ANP ( P = .782 ) provided additional prognostic information beyond left ventricular ejection fraction . regression analysis showed that ANP ( P = .003 ) and N-ANP ( P = .027 ) but not BNP ( P = .14 ) were significantly associated with a left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 45 % . results suggest that plasma BNP determination provides important , independent prognostic information after AMI . plasma ANP appears to be a better predictor of left ventricular dysfunction , plasma BNP may have greater potential to complement standard prognostic indicators used in risk stratification after AMI because of its strong , independent association with long-term survival , enhanced in vitro stability , and simplicity of analysis ."
437,Abstract #437,"mucositis ( OM ) is one of the most frequent complications of chemotherapy for which there is no standard therapy ; treatment is mostly conservative . study was conducted to determine whether low-intensity laser therapy ( LLLT ) can reduce the duration of chemotherapy-induced OM . placebo-controlled randomized trial was carried out using LLLT or placebo ( sham treatment ) . and adolescents with cancer receiving chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation between October 2005 and May 2006 were eligible as soon as they developed OM . received intervention for 5 days . LLLT group was treated with laser GaAlAs , wavelength ( lambda ) : 830 nm ( infrared ) , power : 100 mW , dose : 4 J/cm , and placebo group underwent sham treatment . grade of OM was clinically assessed by the National Cancer Institute , Common Toxicity Criteria scale . patients developed OM and were evaluable for analysis ; 18 ( 86 % ) patients had a diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma and 3 ( 14 % ) had solid tumors . mean age was 8.2 ( + / -3.1 ) years . patients were randomized in the laser group and 12 in the placebo-control group . OM was diagnosed , the patients had daily OM grading assessments before laser or sham application and thereafter until complete healing of the lesions . day 7 after OM diagnosis , 1/9 of patients remained with lesions in laser group and 9/12 of patients in the placebo-control group ( P = 0.029 ) . the laser group , the mean of OM duration was 5.8 + / -2 days and in the placebo group was 8.9 + / -2.4 days ( P = 0.004 ) . study has shown evidence that laser therapy in addition to oral care can decrease the duration of chemotherapy-induced OM . results confirm the promising results observed in adult cancer patients and should encourage pediatric oncologists to use laser therapy as first-line option in children with chemotherapy-induced OM ."
438,Abstract #438,"investigate the efficacy and tolerability of octatropine methyl bromide plus diazepam ( Valpinax ) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . conducted a randomized , double-blind , multicentre study in 186 patients aged 18-65 years with IBS diagnosed according to Rome II criteria . a 2-week washout period , patients received octatropine plus diazepam 40 mg/2 .5 mg twice daily or placebo for 6 weeks . primary efficacy endpoint was response to a weekly question : `` did you have satisfactory relief of your abdominal pain and discomfort during the last week ? '' endpoints included abdominal swelling , abdominal pain and discomfort , symptom severity , and the number of bowel movements . prespecified subgroup analysis was conducted in patients with an abdominal pain and discomfort score > or = 3 . primary efficacy endpoint showed a tendency towards a statistically significant benefit for octatropine plus diazepam over placebo among patients with a baseline abdominal pain and discomfort score of > or = 3 ( 3 vs. 0 patients ; p = 0.059 ) . plus diazepam demonstrated significant improvements from baseline in all parameters assessed , but not compared with placebo . events were reported in 15.1 % of patients receiving octatropine plus diazepam . with IBS and an abdominal pain and discomfort score of > or = 3 , who may be considered in the active phase of the disease , may derive some benefits from octatropine plus diazepam . study highlights that Rome II criteria should be considered with particular care in the design of a clinical trial , since it does not consider disease activity level on admission ."
439,Abstract #439,"following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section may result in maternal nausea and vomiting and decreased uteroplacental blood flow with possible fetal acidaemia . methods have been tried to minimise hypotension . developing countries where resources are limited , this study aimed to compare a standard infusion of ephedrine with traditional prehydration to prevent spinal hypotension . patients for elective caesarean section were randomly allocated to group 1 : 1 L 0.9 % saline before spinal block , and group 2 : infusion of ephedrine 30 mg in 1 L of 0.9 % saline after spinal block , titrated to maternal systolic pressure . anaesthesia was achieved with 2.5 mL of 0.5 % heavy bupivacaine in the L3/L4 interspace . pressure decreased 5 min after spinal block . 2 had higher mean values of systolic pressure throughout most of the study period than group 1 ( P < 0.05 ) . occurred in 70 % of patients in group 1 and 40 % of patients in group 2 ( P = 0.037 ) . hypotension occurred in 40 % of group 1 and 13.3 % of group 2 ( P = 0.039 ) . was the most common side effect of hypotension , occurring in 39.4 % of all hypotensive patients . complications , including hypertension , tachycardia and bradycardia were similar in the two groups . outcome was similar in the two groups and median Apgar scores at one and five minutes were 8 . ephedrine given by standard infusion set was more effective than crystalloid prehydration in the prevention of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section ."
440,Abstract #440,"observe the correlation relationship between acupuncture at Dicang ( ST 4 ) , Hegu ( LI 4 ) and Houxi ( SI 3 ) on the affected side of peripheral facial paralysis patients and activated areas in brain functional areas and central regulation mechanism of acupuncture at Hegu ( LI 4 ) treatment . cases with left peripheral facial paralysis were randomly divided into a Hegu group , a Dicang group and a Houxi group , 6 cases in each group . were treated with electroacupuncture at left Dicang ( ST 4 ) , Hegu ( LI 4 ) and Houxi ( SI 3 ) , respectively , and were examined with fMRI covering the whole brain at the same time . fMRI data was analyzed by SPM software . was found that the left precentral gyrus area and the left postcentral gyrus area were activated when electroacupuncture at left Hegu ( LI 4 ) , and the right precentral gyrus area and the bilateral postcentral gyrus area were activated when electroacupuncture at left Dicang ( ST 4 ) , and there was no activated area at precentral gyrus area and post central gyrus area when electroacupuncture at left Houxi ( SI 3 ) . sensory importation information from Hegu ( LI 4 ) and Dicang ( ST 4 ) can converge and coincide in the brain and may influence each other ."
441,Abstract #441,"time to recovery from vapour anaesthesia is shortened by an increase in ventilation while maintaining normocapnia . during emergence from anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing patients also increases anaesthetic clearance from the brain by increasing cerebral blood flow . hypothesised that hypercapnia-induced hyperpnoea accelerates emergence from sevoflurane anaesthesia compared to the standard anaesthesia protocol . Ethics Review Board approval , 44 ASA I-III patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery were randomised after surgery to either hypercapnic hyperpnoea or control groups . the hypercapnic hyperpnoea group , the end-tidal CO2 was adjusted to a range of 6.0-7 .3 kPa to maintain a minute ventilation of 10-15 l/min . indices were compared using unpaired t-tests and ANOVA . to extubation , minute ventilation and end-tidal CO2 in hypercapnic hyperpnoea and control groups were 10.3 1.7 l/min vs. 5.4 1.2 l/min ( P < 0.001 ) and 6.6 0.6 kPa and 5.2 0.5 kPa ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively . to control , the study group had shorter time to extubation [ 4.4 1.3 ( SD ) vs. 9.8 4.4 min , P < 0.01 ] , BIS recovery to > 75 ( 2.4 0.9 vs. 6.1 3.1 min , P < 0.01 ) , eye opening ( 3.9 1.6 vs. 9.8 6.2 min , P < 0.01 ) , eligibility for leaving operating room ( 5.1 1.2 vs. 11.1 4.6 min , P < 0.01 ) , and post-anaesthesia care unit ( 73.9 14.2 vs. 89.4 22.6 ) hyperpnoea in spontaneously breathing patients halves the time of recovery from sevoflurane-induced anaesthesia in the operating room ."
442,Abstract #442,effect of CO2 laser irradiation on PDL attachment to resected root ends was evaluated . dentin wafers were divided into 4 equal groups . I and II were not subjected to laser irradiation . III and IV were subjected to irradiation with CO2 laser ( wave length 10.6 mm ) . cells attachment to the resected root surface ( lased/non lased ) and cell attachment to the root end filling material ( gutta percha and MTA ) were evaluated utilizing immunoflouresence microscopy and SEM . cell attachment was observed on dentin surfaces ( control samples ) and dentin away from the laser strikes ( irradiated samples ) . cell attachment was observed on MTA but was absent on gutta percha . of PDL attachment to laser irradiated dentin could be attributed to morphological surface changes in dentin produced by laser irradiation .
443,Abstract #443,"volume reduction surgery improves survival in selected patients with emphysema , and has generated interest in bronchoscopic approaches that might achieve the same effect with less morbidity and mortality . trials with endobronchial valves have yielded modest group benefits because when collateral ventilation is present it prevents lobar atelectasis . did a single-centre , double-blind sham-controlled trial in patients with both heterogeneous emphysema and a target lobe with intact interlobar fissures on CT of the thorax . enrolled stable outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had a forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV1 ) of less than 50 % predicted , significant hyperinflation ( total lung capacity > 100 % and residual volume > 150 % ) , a restricted exercise capacity ( 6 min walking distance < 450 m ) , and substantial breathlessness ( MRC dyspnoea score 3 ) . were randomised ( 1:1 ) by computer-generated sequence to receive either valves placed to achieve unilateral lobar occlusion ( bronchoscopic lung volume reduction ) or a bronchoscopy with sham valve placement ( control ) . and researchers were masked to treatment allocation . study was powered to detect a 15 % improvement in the primary endpoint , the FEV1 3 months after the procedure . was on an intention-to-treat basis . trial is registered at controlled-trials . , ISRCTN04761234 . patients ( 62 % male , FEV1 [ % predicted ] mean 317 % [ SD 102 ] ) were enrolled to receive valves ( n = 25 ) or sham valve placement ( control , n = 25 ) between March 1 , 2012 , and Sept 30 , 2013 . the bronchoscopic lung volume reduction group , FEV1 increased by a median 877 % ( IQR 227-3585 ) versus 288 % ( 0-851 ) in the control group ( Mann-Whitney p = 00326 ) . were two deaths in the bronchoscopic lung volume reduction group and one control patient was unable to attend for follow-up assessment because of a prolonged pneumothorax . lobar occlusion with endobronchial valves in patients with heterogeneous emphysema and intact interlobar fissures produces significant improvements in lung function . is a risk of significant complications and further trials are needed that compare valve placement with lung volume reduction surgery . and Mechanism Evaluation Programme , funded by the Medical Research Council ( MRC ) and managed by the National Institute for Health Research ( NIHR ) on behalf of the MRC-NIHR partnership ."
444,Abstract #444,"investigate the effect of thyroxine upon the prevention of recurrence of Graves disease after treatment by antithyroid drugs . patients newly diagnosed as Graves disease were treated with methimazole for 6 months and then randomly distributed into three groups . in group A and group C received small dose of methimazole plus L-T ( 4 ) 50 microgram/d , and patients in group B were treated with methimazole in small dose only . four months later , only L-T ( 4 ) 50 microgram/d , without methimazole , was administered to the patients of group A ; methimazole in maintenance dose was administered continuously to the patients of group B , and patients in group C were treated with methimazole in maintenance dose plus L-T ( 4 ) 50 microgram/d . treatments lasted 6 months . follow-up survey was conducted to the three groups . titers of thyroid-stimulating Ab ( TSAb ) in groups A and C were lower than that in group B. However , the recurrence rates among the three groups ( 4/20 , 20 % ; 4/20 , 25 % ; and 4/20 , 20 % respectively ) were not significantly different . treatment of Graves ' disease with methimazole plus L-T4 and treatment with prolonged use of methimazole can not reduce the recurrence rate more effectively than treatment with only methimazole . level of TSAb is not the only factor that influences the recurrence of Graves disease ."
445,Abstract #445,"have previously shown that ranitidine bismuth citrate-based , clarithromycin-containing triple therapy achieves a higher eradication rate than proton pump inhibitor-based regimens in areas with a high prevalence of metronidazole resistance . evaluate whether this higher efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate over proton pump inhibitor can be extended to non-clarithromycin-containing regimens . pylori-positive dyspeptic patients were randomized to receive either ranitidine bismuth citrate , 400 mg , amoxicillin , 1000 mg , and metronidazole , 400 mg , or omeprazole , 20 mg , amoxicillin , 1000 mg , and metronidazole , 400 mg , each given twice daily for 1 week . pylori eradication was confirmed by 13C-urea breath test 5 weeks later . side-effects of the treatments were documented . hundred and twenty-nine patients were eligible for analysis . intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis , the eradication rates were 77 % and 79 % , respectively , in the ranitidine bismuth citrate-amoxicillin-metronidazole group and 77 % and 82 % , respectively , in the omeprazole-amoxicillin-metronidazole group ( P = 0.58 and P = 0.65 ) . , patients in the omeprazole-amoxicillin-metronidazole group reported a significantly higher incidence of minor side-effects when compared to those in the ranitidine bismuth citrate-amoxicillin-metronidazole group ( P = 0.001 ) . bismuth citrate-amoxicillin-metronidazole was equally as effective as omeprazole-amoxicillin-metronidazole triple therapy , and may be considered as an alternative non-clarithromycin-based regimen in the Chinese population ."
446,Abstract #446,"double-blind , randomized , multicenter trial was designed to compare the effects of treatment with anistreplase ( APSAC ) and alteplase ( rt-PA ) on convalescent left ventricular function , morbidity and coronary artery patency at 1 day in patients with acute myocardial infarction . ( APSAC ) is a new , easily administered thrombolytic agent recently approved for treatment of acute myocardial infarction . ( rt-PA ) is a rapidly acting , relatively fibrin-specific thrombolytic agent that is currently the most widely used agent in the United States . entry requirements were age less than or equal to 75 years , symptom duration less than or equal to 4 h , ST segment elevation and no contraindications . two study drugs , APSAC , 30 U/2 to 5 min , and rt-PA , 100 mg/3 h , were each given with aspirin ( 160 mg/day ) and intravenous heparin . end points were convalescent left ventricular function ( rest/exercise ) , clinical morbidity and coronary artery patency at 1 day . total of 325 patients were entered , stratified into groups with anterior ( 37 % ) or inferior or other ( 63 % ) acute myocardial infarction , randomized to receive APSAC or rt-PA and followed up for 1 month . entry , patient characteristics in the two groups were balanced . ejection fraction at the predischarge study averaged 51.3 % in the APSAC group and 54.2 % in the rt-PA group ( p less than 0.05 ) ; at 1 month , ejection fraction averaged 50.2 % versus 54.8 % , respectively ( p less than 0.01 ) . contrast , ejection fraction showed similar augmentation with exercise at 1 month after APSAC ( +4.3 % points ) and rt-PA ( +4.6 % points ) , and exercise times were comparable . artery patency at 1 day was high and similar in both groups ( APSAC 89 % , rt-PA 86 % ) . ( APSAC 6.2 % , rt-PA 7.9 % ) and the incidence of other serious clinical events , including stroke , ventricular tachycardia , ventricular fibrillation , heart failure within 1 month , recurrent ischemia and reinfarction were comparable in the two groups ; and mechanical interventions were applied with equal frequency . combined clinical morbidity index was determined and showed a comparable overall outcome for the two treatments . rest ejection fraction was high after both therapies but higher after rt-PA ; other clinical outcomes , including exercise function , morbidity index , and 1-day coronary artery patency , were favorable and comparable after APSAC and rt-PA ."
447,Abstract #447,"observe the effect of acupuncture combined with speech therapy for dysarthria after stroke or cerebral trauma . cases were randomly divided into two groups . observation group ( 30 cases ) was treated with speech therapy and acupuncture at Lianquan ( CV 23 ) , Jinjin ( EX-HN 12 ) , Yuye ( EX-HN 13 ) , Fengchi ( GB 20 ) , Yifeng ( TE 17 ) and Wangu ( GB 12 ) as major acupoints , while the control group ( 31 cases ) was treated with speech therapy only . changes of speech and acoustics indices were evaluated after 9 weeks treatment . word articulation and correct rate of text of patients in two groups were both obviously improved after treatment ( both P < 0.01 ) . total effective rate of 96.7 % ( 29/30 ) in observation group was superior to that of 67.7 % ( 21/31 ) in control group ( P < 0.01 ) . maximum phonation time ( MPT ) of patients tested by aeromechanics analyzer were obviously prolonged in observation group ( 12 cases ) and control group ( 11 cases ) ( both P < 0.01 ) , and the improvement in observation group was more obvious ( P < 0.01 ) . combined with speech therapy can improve the effect on language and acoustics level for dysarthria ."
448,Abstract #448,"locoregional failure rate remains high in advanced cervical carcinoma . ( CT ) was added to radiotherapy ( RT ) in order to increase disease control and to improve 5-year survival . + RT included cisplatin administered 100mg/m2 , d. 1 plus 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2 D. 1 to 5 , ci ( 120 hrs ) , q every 3rd week for 3 cycles , followed by RT. . included external beam irradiation 64.8 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions , five days a week , by 4-field box technique . median follow-up was 46 months . patients were evaluable for survival , 47 in the CT + RT group and 47 in the RT group . patients were evaluable for response . prognostic factors were equally distributed between the two groups . the 43 patients evaluable before RT , 31 ( 72 % ) achieved a partial or complete response after CT alone . RT , 52 patients attained a complete response , 25 in the CT + RT group and 27 in the RT-group . patients developed distant metastases or local relapse , 30 in the CT + RT group and 33 in the RT group . the CT + RT group 6 of the 9 patients with metastases also had local progression at relapse , in the RT group , 7 of 17 patients . survival rates for the two groups are not statistically different . patients are alive , 29 have no evidence of disease . have died , 29 in the CT + RT group and 28 in the RT group . deaths were related to cancer , and 3 to therapy . CT and RT did not improve the survival , local control , or metastasis rate compared with RT alone ."
449,Abstract #449,"some studies have shown clear evidence for an augmentation effect of D-cycloserine ( DCS ) on exposure therapy for anxiety disorders , other studies have shown weak effects or no effect at all . preclinical data suggest that the DCS augmentation effect is moderated by the success of extinction learning . , we conducted a reanalysis of existing data to examine whether the effects of DCS on clinical outcome would vary as a function of response to the exposure session ( i.e. , exposure success ) . a clinical trial , patients with height phobia received two sessions involving 30 minutes of virtual reality exposure therapy and were randomly assigned to a pill placebo ( n = 14 ) or 50 mg of DCS ( n = 15 ) immediately after each session . regression analysis showed that the effects of DCS administration on clinical improvement was moderated by the level of fear experienced just before concluding exposure sessions . receiving DCS exhibited significantly greater improvement in symptoms relative to patients who received placebo when fear was low at the end of the exposure . contrast , when end fear was still elevated , patients receiving DCS improved less compared with those receiving placebo . appears to enhance the benefits of exposure treatment when applied after a successful session , but it seems to have detrimental effects when administered after inadequate/unsuccessful exposure sessions ."
450,Abstract #450,"investigate whether the method of retinopexy influences the visual recovery rate and the breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier after conventional retinal detachment surgery . patients ( 48 eyes ) with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment entered into the study . eyes were phakic , had an attached macula , and were scheduled for conventional scleral buckling surgery . were randomly assigned to have either laser or cryotherapy for retinopexy . visual acuity and flare measurements were performed by a masked observer . interventional procedure was cryopexy at the time of scleral buckling surgery or postoperative ( 4 weeks ) laser photocoagulation . acuity testing with ETDRS chart and aqueous flare measurement with laser flare photometry were performed by a masked observer at standard intervals : preoperatively and 1 day , 7 days , 4 weeks , and 10 weeks postoperatively . of covariance by multiple linear regression was used for statistical evaluation . flare values from patients receiving cryotherapy were significantly higher at each measurement point in time ( P < or = .001 ) . visual recovery was slower in the patients receiving cryotherapy ( 1 week , P = .003 ; 4 weeks , P = .03 ; 10 weeks , P = .081 ) . flare photometry proved sufficiently sensitive to quantify an increase in aqueous flare after limited external retinal cryotherapy . flare , as a measure of blood-ocular barrier breakdown , was significantly higher and visual recovery slower in the cryotherapy group . acuity after 10 weeks was not significantly different between both groups ."
451,Abstract #451,"identify predictors of sexual dysfunction using baseline data from the reduction by dutasteride of prostate cancer events ( REDUCE ) study . was a 4-year randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of once-daily dutasteride 0.5 mg in over 8000 men aged 50-75 years with a prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) level of 2.5-10 ng/mL ( 50-60 years ) or 3.0-10 ng/mL ( > 60 years ) and a negative prostate biopsy within 6 months of enrolment . values ( mean serum testosterone , age , International Prostate Symptom Score [ IPSS ] , total prostate volume [ TPV ] , body mass index [ BMI ] , and presence of diabetes/glucose intolerance ) were compared in subjects with and without sexual dysfunction ( sexual inactivity , impotence , decreased libido or a Problem Assessment Scale of the Sexual Function Index [ PAS-SFI ] score < 9 ) . logistic regression showed that baseline age and IPSS were significant predictors of all four sexual function criteria examined ( P < 0.0001 ) . was a significant predictor of decreased libido , impotence and a PAS-SFI score < 9 , while diabetes/glucose intolerance was a significant predictor of sexual inactivity , impotence and a PAS-SFI score < 9 . and TPV were not significant predictors of any sexual function criterion examined . , IPSS , BMI and diabetes/glucose intolerance , but not serum testosterone or TPV , were significant independent predictors of sexual dysfunction in the REDUCE study population . lack of association between sexual dysfunction and serum testosterone questions the value of modestly reduced or low normal testosterone levels as criteria for choosing testosterone replacement in older men with sexual dysfunction ."
452,Abstract #452,"determined whether the decrease in serum PSA seen with 5alpha-reductase inhibitors affects the clinical usefulness of PSA for prostate cancer screening using data from 2 dutasteride benign prostatic hyperplasia studies . total of 2,802 men 50 years or older with a clinical diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia , no history of prostate cancer , PSA 1.5 to 10 ng/ml , prostate volume 30 cc or greater , an American Urological Association symptom score of 12 or greater and peak urinary flow rate 15 ml per second or less were randomized to 0.5 mg dutasteride daily or matching placebo for 24 months . in PSA from baseline and the maximum increase from nadir to month 24 were compared between the groups and analyzed by prostate cancer status , as determined by PSA driven biopsy and an advised cutoff of more than 4 ng/ml after doubling to correct for dutasteride treatment with sensitivity and specificity calculated for each . placebo treated men without prostate cancer there was an 8.3 % median increase in PSA at month 24 compared with -59.5 % in those who received dutasteride , using doubled values to correct for dutasteride treatment . those with prostate cancer these changes were 23.8 % and -37.2 % , respectively . the upper PSA limit of 4 ng/ml sensitivity for prostate cancer in men receiving dutasteride vs placebo was 0.737 vs 0.804 , while specificity was 0.671 vs 0.578 . a PSA increase from nadir of 0.8 ng/ml the sensitivity of dutasteride was 0.548 and its specificity was 0.795 . doubling factor is effective for maintaining the sensitivity and specificity of PSA for prostate cancer detection in men on dutasteride . in serum PSA in men receiving dutasteride should be considered suspicious and serial PSA measurements should be used to evaluate changes from nadir ."
453,Abstract #453,"study investigated the influence of mechanical bowel preparation ( MBP ) on faecal microflora , using rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in patients undergoing colonic cancer resection . patients undergoing elective colonic surgery were randomized into MBP or no-MBP groups ( 21 in each group ) . main outcome was the bacterial microflora and faecal organic acid content of faecal material obtained at operation . characteristics were similar in the two groups . content in the resected specimens did not differ significantly . count of bacterial microflora , such as Bifidobacterium and total Lactobacillus , in both intraoperative faecal material and first material after surgery was significantly lower in the MBP group than the no-MBP group ( P < 0050 ) . of faecal organic acids , such as acetic acid , propionic acid and butyric acid , in intraoperative faecal material were significantly lower , and levels of lactic acid were significantly higher , in the MBP group than in the no-MBP group ( P < 0050 ) . succinic acid level was significantly higher after surgery than before operation in the MBP group ( P = 0008 ) . MBP caused an imbalance in the bowel microflora , suggesting that it offers no advantages in terms of enterobacterial microflora for patients undergoing colonic cancer resection . ( http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm ) ."
454,Abstract #454,"main purpose of this study was to establish bioavailability data in humans for the new ( Fe ) fortification compound ferrous ammonium phosphate ( FAP ) , which was specially developed for fortification of difficult-to-fortify foods where soluble Fe compounds can not be used due to their negative impact on product stability . double-blind , randomized clinical trial with cross-over design was conducted to obtain bioavailability data for FAP in humans . this trial , Fe absorption from FAP-fortified full-cream milk powder was compared to that from ferric pyrophosphate ( FPP ) and ferrous sulfate . absorption was determined in 38 young women using the erythrocyte incorporation dual stable isotope technique ( Fe , Fe ) . mean Fe absorption from ferrous sulfate , FAP and FPP was 10.4 , 7.4 and 3.3 % , respectively . from FAP was significantly better absorbed from milk than Fe from FPP ( p < 0.0001 ) . absorption from FAP was significantly lower than Fe absorption from ferrous sulfate , which was used as water-soluble reference compound ( p = 0.0002 ) . ratios of FAP and FPP relative to ferrous sulfate as a measure of relative bioavailability were 0.71 and 0.32 , respectively . results of the present studies show that replacing FPP with FAP in full-cream milk could significantly improve iron bioavailability ."
455,Abstract #455,"investigate the effect on glycaemic control of adding glimepiride to on-going treatment with metformin and insulin in patients with known diabetes more than 10 years . 4 mg or placebo was added in randomised order for three months with a washout period of 6 weeks . insulin regimens were allowed . doses were reduced if considered necessary . glucose monitoring was performed at the end of each period . patients , median age 66 years ( 46-74 ) , diabetes duration 16 ( 10-30 ) , BMI 30 kg/m ( 2 ) ( 25-37 ) and mean HbA1c 7.1 % NGSP , ( 64 mmol/mol IFCC ) were randomised . placebo there was no change in HbA1c while a decrease of 0.6 % , ( 7 mmol/mol IFCC ) ( P < 0.001 ) , was observed with glimepiride even though insulin doses had to be reduced in 23 patients ( median change 29 % , range 2-100 % ) . hypoglycaemia was reported but no severe hypoglycaemic event was observed . ratio between C-peptide/glucose increased significantly ( P < 0.001 ) with glimepiride , both fasting and postprandially and , in a stepwise multiple regression analysis of possible predictive factors for response , a more pronounced decrease in HbA1c was associated with the magnitude of the increment in C-peptide/glucose . age was associated with a smaller response . patients ( 67 % ) were defined as responders if this was defined as an HbA1c decrease 0.5 % ( 5 mmol/mol IFCC ) or an insulin dose reduction 20 % . after long duration of diabetes , addition of glimepiride to insulin and metformin can be effective in lowering HbA1c and/or reducing the need for exogenous insulin ."
456,Abstract #456,"analgesia , in which a disproportionally large amount of analgesia becomes apparent upon a slight decrease in noxious heat stimulation , has not been described previously in patients with chronic pain . analgesia responses in 10 patients with neuropathic pain ( in both legs ) were compared with 10 matched healthy controls and volunteers from a convenience sample ( n = 110 ) with an age range of 6-80 yr . analgesia was defined by the reduction in electronic pain score upon the 1C decrease in noxious heat stimulus relative to the peak pain score where pain was administered at the volar side of the arm . analgesia was present in healthy volunteers irrespective of age and sex ( pain score decrease = 97 1 % [ mean SEM ] ) . contrast , a reduced or absent offset analgesia response was observed in patients with neuropathic pain ( pain score decrease = 56 9 % vs. controls 98 1 % , P < 0.001 ) . treatment with ketamine , morphine , and placebo had no effect on offset analgesia in patients , despite sharp reductions in spontaneous pain scores . data indicate that offset analgesia is fully developed at the age of 6 yr and does not undergo additional maturation . reduced or absent responses observed in patients with chronic neuropathic pain indicate the inability to modulate changes in pain stimulation , with perseverance of pain perception in situations in which healthy subjects display signs of strong analgesia . central and peripheral sites may be involved in the altered offset analgesia responses in these patients ."
457,Abstract #457,"fibrillation ( AF ) , the most common chronic cardiac dysrhythmia , is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . , there is a paucity of studies examining the potential benefits of optimizing the postdischarge management of patients with chronic AF . examine the effects of a nurse-led , multidisciplinary , home-based intervention ( HBI ) on the pattern of recurrent hospitalization and mortality in patients with chronic AF in the presence and absence of chronic heart failure ( HF ) . COHORT AND METHODS : Health outcomes in a total of 152 hospitalized patients ( 53 % male ) with a mean age of 73 + / - 9 years and a diagnosis of chronic AF who were randomly allocated to either HBI ( n = 68 ) or usual postdischarge care ( UC : n = 84 ) were examined . , the pattern of unplanned hospitalization and all-cause mortality during 5-year follow-up were compared on the basis of the presence ( n = 87 ) and absence ( n = 65 ) of HF at baseline . with concurrent HF exposed to HBI ( n = 37 ) had fewer readmissions ( 2.9 vs 3.4 / patient ) , days of associated hospital stay ( 22.7 vs 30.5 : P = NS ) and fatal events ( 51 % vs 66 % ) relative to UC ( n = 50 ) : P = NS for all comparisons . the absence of HF , morbidity and mortality rates were significantly lower but still substantial during 5-year follow-up . these patients , HBI was associated with a trend towards prolonged event-free survival ( adjusted RR = 0.70 ; P = .12 ) and fewer fatal events ( 29 % vs 53 % , adjusted RR = 0.49 ; P = .08 ) . patients ( n = 31 ) also had fewer readmissions ( 2.1 vs 2.6 / patient ) and days of associated hospital stay ( 16.3 vs 20.3 / patient ) , although this did not reach statistical significance . the basis of these data , it was calculated that a randomized study of an AF-specific HBI would require 250 patients followed for a median of 3 years to detect a 25 % variation in recurrent hospital stay relative to UC . unique data provide sufficient preliminary evidence to support the hypothesis that the benefits of HBI in relation to the management of HF may extend to `` high risk '' patients with chronic AF in whom morbidity and mortality rates are also unacceptably high . , appropriately powered studies are required to confirm these benefits ."
458,Abstract #458,"investigate the analgesic effect of low power radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation ( RF ) in osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the knee . a randomized study on 40 patients the analgesic effect of RF was compared with the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) . and TENS applications were repeated every day for a period of 5 days . therapeutic effect was evaluated by a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and by Lequesne 's index : tests were performed before , immediately after and 30 days after therapy . therapy induced a statistically significant and long lasting decrease of VAS and of Lequesne 's index ; TENS induced a decrease of VAS and of Lequesne 's index which was not statistically significant . therapeutic effect of RF was therefore demonstrated on pain and disability due to knee OA . effect was better than the effect of TENS , which is a largely used analgesic technique . a difference of the therapeutic effect may be due to the fact that TENS acts only on superficial tissues and nerve terminals , while RF acts increasing superficial and deep tissue temperature ."
459,Abstract #459,"assess the long term effect of early mobilisation exercises in patients with acute sprains of the neck after road accidents . blind randomised prospective study of patients receiving physiotherapy , advice on mobilisation , or on an initial period of rest followed up after two years by postal questionnaire . and emergency department in urban hospital . Consecutive patients ( mean age at injury 30.6 years ) presenting within 48 hours after injury with no pre-existing disease of the neck or serious skeletal injury . these , 167 patients responded to the questionnaire ; 77 who responded but had not completed their treatment or review course were included in the analysis as a fourth group ( non-attenders ) . of symptoms after two years . the 167 patients ( 68 % ) responding , the percentage of patients still with symptoms was not significantly different in those receiving rest or physiotherapy ( 46 % , 12/26 v 44 % , 24/54 ) , but that in those receiving advice on early mobilisation was significantly lower ( 23 % , 11/48 , p = 0.02 ) . the 104 patients without symptoms , 94 ( 90 % ) recovered within six months and 62 ( 60 % ) within three months . without symptoms who received advice or physiotherapy wore a collar for a significantly shorter time than those with persistent symptoms ( mean duration 1.4 ( SD 0.7 ) months v 2.8 ( 1.6 ) months , p = 0.005 and 1.6 ( 1.1 ) months v 1.8 ( 1.3 ) months , p = 0.006 respectively ) . to mobilise in the early phase after neck injury reduces the number of patients with symptoms at two years and is superior to manipulative physiotherapy . wearing of a collar is associated with persistence of symptoms ."
460,Abstract #460,"evaluate the effects of an appearance-focused intervention to reduce the risk of skin cancer by decreasing indoor tanning , examine potential heterogeneity in tanning across this time , and correlate the subtypes with predictors collected at baseline . controlled trial with 379 female college students measured at 6 monthly time points . indoor tanning frequency . intervention was effective at decreasing tanning over the period between the fall and spring . latent class analysis found 3 patterns of tanners among the treatment individuals : abstainers , moderate tanners , and heavy tanners . classes appeared in both the treatment and control conditions , and the intervention had a harm reduction effect by reducing levels of exposure within the moderate and heavy tanner classes . age and self-reported tanning patterns were found to be predictive of class membership . research suggests that brief intervention approaches can be effective at reducing risk for skin cancer and illustrates several ways in which these protective effects can be enhanced ."
461,Abstract #461,"is the most common pathologic process underlying cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . is not well known whether subclinical atherosclerosis is an independent risk factor for lower cognitive function among individuals without clinically evident CVD . examined cross-sectional associations between subclinical atherosclerosis and cognitive function in a community-based sample of otherwise healthy adults with plasma homocysteine > or = 8.5 micromol/L enrolled in the BVAIT study ( n = 504 , mean age 61 years ) . artery intima-media thickness ( CIMT ) , coronary artery calcium ( CAC ) and abdominal aortic calcium ( AAC ) were used to measure subclinical atherosclerosis . function was assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests . principal components analysis was used to extract five uncorrelated cognitive factors from scores on individual tests , and a measure of global cognition was derived . linear regression was used to examine the association between subclinical atherosclerosis and cognitive function , adjusting for other correlates of cognition . thickness of CIMT was associated with significantly lower scores on the verbal learning factor ( beta = -0.07 per 0.1 mm increase CIMT [ SE ( beta ) = 0.03 ] , p = 0.01 ) . and AAC were not individually associated with any of the cognitive factors . study provides evidence that increasing CIMT is weakly associated with lower verbal learning abilities but not global cognition in a population of otherwise healthy middle-to-older aged adults with elevated plasma homocysteine levels but without clinically evident CVD . association between CIMT and poor verbal learning may pertain particularly to men ."
462,Abstract #462,"compare the neuromuscular and hemodynamic effects of rocuronium and atracurium when administered during a desflurane-based anesthetic . , double-blind clinical trial . adult ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for general surgical operations . NCI-designated cancer center . received either 0.45 mg/kg rocuronium ( n = 28 ) or atracurium 0.5 mg/kg ( n = 23 ) . of anesthesia was accomplished by 2 microg/kg fentanyl intravenously ( IV ) and 1.5 mg/kg propofol IV and maintained by a nitrous oxide/oxygen desflurane anesthetic . neuromuscular monitor was used at the adductor pollicis to monitor and record twitch response to train-of-four electrical stimulation . heart rate ( HR ) and blood pressure ( BP ) were measured and again at 2 , 5 , 10 , and 15 minutes after muscle relaxant administration . in the rocuronium group were found to have shorter times to 80 % T ( 1 ) depression ( 109 + / - 53 vs. 135 + / - 47 sec ) , although those differences did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.07 ) . of the first twitch ( T ( 1 ) ) was significantly lower in the patients receiving rocuronium at 60 seconds ( 53 + / - 24 vs. 73 + / - 27 sec ; p = 0.006 ) and 90 seconds ( 25 + / - 22 vs. 47 + / - 29 sec ; p = 0.003 ) than in the patients receiving atracurium . was shorter in rocuronium-treated patients ( 25 % T ( 1 ) recovery = 32 + / - 12 vs. 54 + / - 14 min ; p < 0.001 ) than the patients receiving atracurium . scores were better at 60 seconds after muscle relaxant administration in the rocuronium group . significant differences in HR or BP were seen between the patients in the two groups . at a dose of 0.45 mg/kg possesses a fairly rapid onset of neuromuscular blockade and has short : intermediate duration of action when used with a desflurane anesthetic . quality makes it a desirable drug for operations of relatively short duration . at a dose of 0.45 mg/kg has a faster onset and shorter duration than atracurium , at 0.5 mg/kg , when used with a desflurane anesthetic ."
463,Abstract #463,"1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with a stroke each year , and excessive flexion or extension ( hypertonia ) of upper extremity joints are common secondary conditions . purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin type-A and manual therapy , with the adjunct treatment of dynamic splinting on range of motion , spasticity , and elbow flexor hypertonia , in a randomized trial . subjects were recruited for this pilot study and all exhibited hypertonia in elbow flexion . patients were excluded due to noncompliance . was done with pre/post active range of motion in elbow extension , and the Modified Ashworth Scale ( extension ) for spasticity . patients received the current standard of care : botulinum toxin type-A injections and manual therapy . patients were randomly assigned adjunct treatment with Elbow Extension Dynasplint . patients completed the study ( mean age [ SD ] 52 + / -17 years ) . percentage of change in active range of motion in elbow extension was greater for the experimental than for control subjects ( 33.5 % vs. 18.7 % ) . Modified Ashworth Scale ( extension ) scores showed comparable changes of a mean 9.3 % improvement for experimental versus 8.6 % for the control subjects . study confirmed the efficacy of botulinum toxin type-A in tone management and occupational therapy in contracture reduction . also showed the value of dynamic splinting in maintaining gains in range of motion ."
464,Abstract #464,"veno-occlusive disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation ( HSCT ) . aimed to assess whether defibrotide can reduce the incidence of veno-occlusive disease in this setting . our phase 3 open-label , randomised controlled trial , we enrolled patients at 28 European university hospitals or academic medical centres . patients were younger than 18 years , had undergone myeloablative conditioning before allogeneic or autologous HSCT , and had one or more risk factor for veno-occlusive disease based on modified Seattle criteria . centrally assigned eligible participants on the basis of a computer-generated randomisation sequence ( 1:1 ) , stratified by centre and presence of osteopetrosis , to receive intravenous defibrotide prophylaxis ( treatment group ) or not ( control group ) . primary endpoint was incidence of veno-occlusive disease by 30 days after HSCT , adjudicated by a masked , independent review committee , in eligible patients who consented to randomisation ( intention-to-treat population ) , and was assessed with a competing risk approach . in either group who developed veno-occlusive disease received defibrotide for treatment . assessed adverse events to 180 days after HSCT in all patients who received allocated prophylaxis . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00272948 . Jan 25 , 2006 , and Jan 29 , 2009 , we enrolled 356 eligible patients to the intention-to-treat population . ( 12 % ) of 180 patients randomly allocated to the defibrotide group had veno-occlusive disease by 30 days after HSCT compared with 35 ( 20 % ) of 176 controls ( risk difference -77 % , 95 % CI -153 to -01 ; Z test for competing risk analysis p = 00488 ; log-rank test p = 00507 ) . ( 87 % ) of 177 patients in the defibrotide group had adverse events by day 180 compared with 155 ( 88 % ) of 176 controls . prophylaxis seems to reduce incidence of veno-occlusive disease and is well tolerated . , such prophylaxis could present a useful clinical option for this serious complication of HSCT . SpA , European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation ."
465,Abstract #465,"patient-reported cancer symptoms and quality-of-life issues ( SQLIs ) have been promoted as essential to a comprehensive assessment , efficient and efficacious methods have not been widely tested in clinical settings . purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of the Electronic Self-Report Assessment-Cancer ( ESRA-C ) on the likelihood of SQLIs discussed between clinicians and patients with cancer in ambulatory clinic visits . objectives included comparison of visit duration between groups and usefulness of the ESRA-C as reported by clinicians . randomized controlled trial was conducted in 660 patients with various cancer diagnoses and stages at two institutions of a comprehensive cancer center . SQLIs were automatically displayed on a graphical summary and provided to the clinical team before an on-treatment visit ( n = 327 ) ; in the control group , no summary was provided ( n = 333 ) . were scored for level of severity or distress . on-treatment clinic visit was audio recorded for each participant and then scored for discussion of each SQLI . hypothesized that problematic SQLIs would be discussed more often when the intervention was delivered to the clinicians . likelihood of SQLIs being discussed differed by randomized group and depended on whether an SQLI was first reported as problematic ( P = .032 ) . visits were similar with regard to duration between groups , and clinicians reported the summary as useful . ESRA-C is the first electronic self-report application to increase discussion of SQLIs in a US randomized clinical trial ."
466,Abstract #466,"evaluate the feasibility and clinical benefits of an integrated mental health intervention ( doctor-office collaborative care [ DOCC ] ) vs enhanced usual care ( EUC ) for children with behavioral problems . were assigned to DOCC and EUC using a 2:1 randomization schedule that resulted in 55 DOCC and 23 EUC cases . was conducted in 4 pediatric primary care practices . was conducted in the pediatric or research office . collaborative care was provided in the practice ; EUC was initiated in the office but involved a facilitated referral to a local mental health specialist . 125 referrals ( age range , 5-12 years ) , 78 children participated . and their parents were assigned to receive DOCC or EUC . diagnostic status was evaluated using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children . and 6-month postassessment ratings of behavioral and emotional problems were collected from parents using the Vanderbilt Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale , as well as individualized goal achievement ratings forms . discharge , care managers and a diagnostic evaluator completed the Clinical Global Impression Scale , and pediatricians and parents completed satisfaction and study feedback measures . comparisons found significant improvements for DOCC over EUC in service use and completion , behavioral and emotional problems , individualized behavioral goals , and overall clinical response . and parents were highly satisfied with DOCC . feasibility and clinical benefits of DOCC for behavioral problems support the integration of collaborative mental health services for common mental disorders in primary care ."
467,Abstract #467,"purpose of this study was to assess the quantitative effects of contrast material concentration on hepatic parenchymal and vascular enhancement in multiphasic computed tomography ( CT ) , using multi-detector row helical CT. . designed a prospective randomized study to test two different concentrations of contrast material on five phasic scans of the liver . hundred patients were randomly assigned to two groups : an iodine concentration of 300 mg/mL in group A and 370 mg/mL in group B. All patients received a fixed volume of 100 mL at a 4 mL/sec injection rate . values for the hepatic parenchyma and aorta at three levels ( upper , middle , and lower level of the liver ) , and values for portal and hepatic veins were statistically compared between the two groups . parenchymal enhancement values at all levels of the liver in portal phase ( PP ) and equilibrium phase ( EP ) were significantly higher in group B than in group A ( p < 0.01 ) . enhancement values at two levels of the liver ( middle and lower ) in early hepatic arterial phase ( EAP ) were significantly higher in group B than in group A ( p < 0.05 ) , however , there was no significant difference between groups A and B in aortic enhancement during the delayed hepatic arterial phase ( DAP ) . and hepatic venous enhancement values in PP and EP were significantly higher in group B than in group A ( p < 0.01 ) . multiphasic dynamic CT , the use of a higher iodine concentration of contrast material results in higher hepatic parenchymal enhancement and aortic enhancement , as well as higher portal and hepatic venous enhancement ."
468,Abstract #468,"pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence are available . , the best supported treatment , naltrexone hydrochloride , appears to work for only some . investigate potential predictors of these differential responses , 40 social drinkers ( 20 women ) were administered 6 days of treatment with naltrexone vs. placebo in a double-blind , counterbalanced , crossover design . the end of each treatment period , participants received a single dose of their preferred alcoholic beverage followed by the opportunity to work for additional alcohol units using a progressive ratio ( PR ) breakpoint paradigm . subjects but one were genotyped for the A118G polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor gene ( OPRM1 ) . decreased the ethanol-induced ` euphoria ' to a priming dose of alcohol in two subgroups : ( i ) in women , and ( ii ) in subjects with the A118G polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor gene ( OPRM1 ) . did not decrease motivation to work for additional alcoholic beverages on the PR task regardless of gender or genotype . results add to the evidence that naltrexone decreases positive subjective effects of alcohol , with preferential effects in distinct subgroups . effects in heavier drinkers might decrease alcohol use ."
469,Abstract #469,"aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a programme for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases which affect fertility . OF THE PREVENTION PROGRAMME : The programme took place in six French geographical departments . of these , randomly selected , served as experimental departments while the other three were matched with the first three and served as controls . OF THE EVALUATION : Genital discharge was used as the indicator of a sexually transmitted disease . each department , about 40 voluntarily participating general practitioners ( 263 in total ) gathered information on the frequency of infected patients and on their characteristics , both before and after the campaign . and after the programme respectively , 412 and 288 women and 117 and 94 men with a genital discharge were described . the programme , tests for chlamydia trachomatis were prescribed more often to both women and men with a discharge in the experimental departments . characteristics of women having consulted a general practitioner with a discharge differed according to the department group studied . the experimental departments , the women were younger than those in the control departments and had fewer sexual partners . contrast to the results obtained for women , no behavioural changes were observed among men with a discharge . results may indicate a decreased risk in spread of infection . problems associated with such a design are discussed . is a need to develop specific messages aimed at changing male sexual behaviour . study design has implications for the best strategy in delivering prevention messages to the general population which are relevant to the present AIDS epidemic ."
470,Abstract #470,"corrective osteotomy , wound closure is undertaken with or without deflation of the tourniquet . from the tourniquet causes vasodilatation associated with reactionary haemorrhage and reduced haemoglobin concentration and possibly increased blood transfusion rate . haemorrhage and related transfusion need can be reduced through vasoconstriction from adrenaline infiltration . randomized , placebo-controlled trial was done to compare adrenaline-saline solution to normal saline in the control of reactionary haemorrhage after proximal tibial osteotomy in children . eligible patients were divided into two groups and had corrective osteotomy under the same surgeon over a period of 7 years . infiltration with adrenaline-saline solution 1:200,000 and normal saline was done in groups one and two , respectively . intra-operative adverse effect was recorded . was a 20 % incidence of superficial wound dehiscence in group 1 and none in controls . mean volume of blood in drains in the first 24 h post operation was 85 ml in group 1 and 225 ml in group 2 ( p < 0.001 ) . mean haemoglobin level on the fifth day post operation was 11.8 g/dl in group 1 and 8.2 g/dl in group 2 ( p < 0.001 ) . was no blood transfusion in group one while two patients were transfused in group two . conclusion , wound infiltration with adrenaline was effective in reducing the extent of reactionary haemorrhage and post-operative drop in haemoglobin concentration . was no significant difference in the transfusion rates in both groups ."
471,Abstract #471,"sought to determine whether the combination of ixabepilone plus capecitabine improved overall survival ( OS ) compared with capecitabine alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer ( MBC ) previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes . total of 1,221 patients with MBC previously treated with anthracycline and taxanes were randomly assigned to ixabepilone ( 40 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously on day 1 ) plus capecitabine ( 2,000 mg/m ( 2 ) orally on days 1 through 14 ) or capecitabine alone ( 2,500 mg/m ( 2 ) on the same schedule ) given every 21 days . trial was powered to detect a 20 % reduction in the hazard ratio ( HR ) for death . was no significant difference in OS between the combination and capecitabine monotherapy arm , the primary end point ( median , 16.4 v 15.6 months ; HR = 0.9 ; 95 % CI , 078 to 1.03 ; P = .1162 ) . arms were well balanced with the exception of a higher prevalence of impaired performance status ( Karnofsky performance status 70 % to 80 % ) in the combination arm ( 32 % v 25 % ) . a secondary Cox regression analysis adjusted for performance status and other prognostic factors , OS was improved for the combination ( HR = 0.85 ; 95 % CI , 0.75 to 0.98 ; P = .0231 ) . 79 % of patients with measurable disease , the combination significantly improved progression-free survival ( PFS ; median , 6.2 v 4.2 months ; HR = 0.79 ; P = .0005 ) and response rate ( 43 % v 29 % ; P < .0001 ) . 3 to 4 neuropathy occurred in 24 % treated with the combination , but was reversible . study confirmed a previous trial demonstrating improved PFS and response for the ixabepilone-capecitabine combination compared with capecitabine alone , although this did not result in improved survival ."
472,Abstract #472,"present study was designed to compare two methods of vitamin D supplementation in infants : every two months as a routine vaccination versus a daily dose . randomised clinical trial was performed on 120 healthy breastfed infants between January and September 2007 in Yazd , Iran . infants were randomly divided into three groups with different doses of vitamin D3 supplementation : 200 IU daily , 400 IU daily and a bolus of 50,000 IU every two months . blood sample was taken and evaluated for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and calcium levels when the infants were six months old . data was reported as the mean and standard deviation . significant differences were observed between the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in the groups administered with 200 IU and 400 IU vitamin D daily . , the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D reached significance in the third group ( p is less than 0.001 ) . the blood calcium measured was below 11 mg/dl in the bolus group . few complications such as diarrhoea and agitation , all of which were self-limited , were seen in the bolus group . other significant side effects were reported in the other groups . study demonstrates that a bolus of 50,000 IU of vitamin D every two months with a routine child vaccination program provides the ideal serum level of vitamin D. method produces no serious side effects and offers a highly convenient way to supply vitamin D , especially among non-compliant parents ."
473,Abstract #473,"exists with regard to whether to treat AO/OTA 31-A2 fractures of the proximal part of the femur with an intramedullary device or an extramedullary device . prospective , randomized , controlled trial was performed to compare the outcome of treatment of these unstable fractures of the proximal part of the femur with either a sliding hip screw or a long gamma nail . hundred and ten patients presenting with an AO/OTA 31-A2 fracture of the proximal part of the femur were randomized , at the time of admission , to fixation with use of either a long gamma nail or a sliding hip screw . primary outcome measure was reoperation within the first postoperative year . measures included mortality , length of hospital stay , transfusion rate , change in mobility and residence , and quality of life as measured with the EuroQol 5D outcome score . was no significant difference between the reoperation rates for the two groups . total , five patients ( three from the long-gamma-nail group and two from the sliding-hip-screw group ) underwent revision surgery because of cut-out . distance was found to correlate with the implant cut-out rate . was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the EuroQol 5D outcome scores , the mortality rates after correction for the mini-mental score , or any of the secondary outcome measures . compared with the long gamma nail , the sliding hip screw should remain the gold standard for the treatment of AO/OTA 31-A2 fractures of the proximal part of the femur because it is associated with similar outcomes with less expense ."
474,Abstract #474,"conducted an international , randomized , phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of consolidation with yttrium-90 ( ( 90 ) Y ) - ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma in first remission . with CD20 ( + ) stage III or IV follicular lymphoma , who achieved a complete response ( CR ) / unconfirmed CR ( CRu ) or partial response ( PR ) after first-line induction treatment , were randomly assigned to receive ( 90 ) Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan ( rituximab 250 mg/m ( 2 ) on day -7 and day 0 followed on day 0 by ( 90 ) Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan 14.8 MBq/kg ; maximum of 1,184 MBq ) or no further treatment ( control ) . primary end point was progression-free survival ( PFS ) , which was calculated from the time of random assignment . total of 414 patients ( consolidation , n = 208 ; control , n = 206 ) were enrolled at 77 centers . 90 ) Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation significantly prolonged median PFS ( after a median observation time of 3.5 years ) in all patients ( 36.5 v 13.3 months in control arm ; hazard ratio [ HR ] = 0.465 ; P < .0001 ) and regardless of whether patients achieved PR ( 29.3 v 6.2 months in control arm ; HR = 0.304 ; P < .0001 ) or CR/CRu ( 53.9 v 29.5 months in control arm ; HR = 0.613 ; P = .0154 ) after induction treatment . PFS with consolidation was prolonged in all Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index risk subgroups . ( 90 ) Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation , 77 % of patients in PR after induction converted to CR/CRu , resulting in a final CR rate of 87 % . most common toxicity with ( 90 ) Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan was hematologic , and grade 3 or 4 infections occurred in 8 % of patients . of first remission with ( 90 ) Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in advanced-stage follicular lymphoma is highly effective with no unexpected toxicities , prolonging PFS by 2 years and resulting in high PR-to-CR conversion rates regardless of type of first-line induction treatment ."
475,Abstract #475,"open-label , randomized phase III study was designed to investigate the effects of erythropoietin alfa ( EPO ) in addition to adjuvant chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy ( CRT ) in patients with stage IB to II cervical cancer who had undergone radical hysterectomy . hundred fifty-seven patients were randomly assigned to four cycles of carboplatin/ifosfamide chemotherapy followed by external-beam pelvic radiotherapy ( CRT group ) or four cycles of carboplatin/ifosfamide chemotherapy and EPO followed by pelvic radiotherapy and EPO ( CRT + EPO group ) . primary end point was recurrence-free survival ( RFS ) . end points included overall survival ( OS ) , change in hemoglobin levels , and safety , including thromboembolic events . estimated 5-year RFS rates were 78 % for patients receiving CRT + EPO and 70 % for patients receiving CRT . was no statistically significant difference in RFS , although a trend favoring patients treated with CRT + EPO was observed ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.66 ; 95 % CI , 0.39 to 1.12 ; log-rank P = .06 ) . analyses suggest a benefit with CRT + EPO for patients with stage IB to IIA disease ( HR , 0.39 ; 95 % CI , 0.18 to 0.85 ; P = .014 ) or patients with complete resection ( HR , 0.55 ; 95 % CI , 0.31 to 0.98 ; P = .039 ) . was similar in both groups ( HR , 0.88 ; 95 % CI , 0.51 to 1.50 ; log-rank P = .63 ) . treated with EPO maintained higher hemoglobin levels throughout CRT . significant differences in safety profiles were observed between the two groups . of thrombovascular events was low ( 2 % ) and comparable between both groups . study confirms that EPO can be added safely to CRT in patients with cervical cancer , but it failed to demonstrate a significant benefit in RFS and OS ."
476,Abstract #476,"levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with high risk of non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality . activity level is the primary determinant of cardiorespiratory fitness in adults . , knowledge on how to motivate people to engage in physical activity and maintain an active lifestyle is lacking . study aims to investigate whether a motivational , individual , and locally anchored exercise intervention , in primary care , can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in 30 to 49 year olds with a low or very low cardiorespiratory fitness . randomised controlled trial with 6 and 12 months follow-up . primary outcome is cardiorespiratory fitness estimated via a maximal incremental exercise test . outcomes include physical activity level and sedentary behavior ( objectively measured ) , self-reported physical activity , biochemical parameters ( HbA1C , HDL - and LDL-cholesterol , and triglyceride ) , anthropometric parameters and health-related quality of life . total of 236 participants with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness classified at a local health check programme will be randomised . intervention consists of four motivational interviews , a six months membership to a sport club , and a global positioning watch to upload training activity to Endomondo.com . comparison group will receive standard care : a one hour motivational interview followed by another interview if requested . will be estimated by evaluating the differences in mean changes in cardiorespiratory fitness between the two groups . new and innovative ways the focus of this study will be to improve cardiorespiratory fitness among a 30-49 year-old at-risk group using social media , Global Positioning System-technology , on-going personal support and individually tailored physical activity . ( no.NCT01801956 ) ."
477,Abstract #477,"with atopic dermatitis ( AD ) have an increased tendency to develop bacterial skin infections . with Staphylococcus aureus is known to be a major trigger and might also play a pathophysiological role . of their antiseptic action , silver-coated textiles suppress S. aureus colonization and toxin formation , thus damping the inflammatory reaction . evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of a special silver textile in the treatment of patients suffering from acute AD . a randomized phase II monocenter parallel-group comparative study 30 patients were recruited ( average age 25.5 years , min . years , max . years ) who were affected by AD in an acute phase . the first study phase from Day 1 to Day 14 , 10 patients received a silver textile ( Group 1 ) , 10 a silver-free textile ( Group 2 ) , and 10 prednicarbate ointment ( Group 3 ) . the second phase from Day 15 to Day 28 all patients wore the silver textile , and during the follow-up period from Day 28 to Day 56 no textiles were used . ointment was allowed as emergency medication , but ointment consumption was measured . overall severity of the disease was evaluated using the SCORAD index as the primary efficacy parameter . parameters included severity of pruritus and the patients ' assessment of their disease control ( uncontrolled , limited , good or complete ) . tests included hematology , blood chemistry , urinalysis for silver , and physical examination for silver deposits in the skin and mucous membranes . initial SCORAD was 61.6 ( IQR 26.6 , min . , max . ) . the end of the Study Phase 1 the SCORAD had improved significantly in the patients of Groups 1 ( 74.6-29 .9 , p = 0.005 ) and 3 ( 57.8-24 .0 , p = 0.009 ) . Study Phase 2 healing of eczema continued in Group 1 ( SCORAD 29.9-18 .1 , p = 0.037 ) , was observed in Group 2 ( 48.2-24 .1 , p = 0.015 ) , and remained at an improved level in Group 3 ( SCORAD 24-23 .5 ) . of prednicarbate ointment ( Phase 1 , Phase 2 , follow-up period , medians are given ) : Group 1 : 135 g , 10 g , 45 g ; Group 2 : 13 g , 0 g , 0 g ; Group 3 : 145 g , 30 g , 90 g. Silver textiles reduced the severity of the pruritus ( p = 0.031 ) ; silver-free textiles ( n.s. ) and prednicarbate ( n.s. ) were less effective . undesired events were observed . elastic silver textile worn directly against the skin led to an impressive improvement of AD and a reduction in the use of prednicarbate ointment ."
478,Abstract #478,"purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of copper-nickel-titanium ( CuNiTi ) vs nickel-titanium ( NiTi ) archwires in resolving crowding of the anterior mandibular dentition . patients were included in this single-center , single-operator , double-blind randomized trial . patients were bonded with the In Ovation-R self-ligating bracket ( GAC , Central Islip , NY ) with a 0.022-in slot , and the amount of crowding of the mandibular anterior dentition was assessed by using the irregularity index . patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 30 patients , each receiving a 0.016-in CuNiTi 35 degrees C ( Ormco , Glendora , Calif ) or a 0.016-in NiTi ( ModernArch , Wyomissing , Pa ) wire . type of wire selected for each patient was not disclosed to the provider or the patient . date that each patient received a wire was recorded , and all patients were followed monthly for a maximum of 6 months . and clinical characteristics between the 2 wire groups were compared with the t test or the chi-square test and the Fisher exact test . to resolve crowding was explored with statistical methods for survival analysis , and alignment rate ratios for wire type and crowding level were calculated with Cox proportional hazards multivariate modeling . type of wire ( CuNiTi vs NiTi ) had no significant effect on crowding alleviation ( 129.4 vs 121.4 days ; hazard ratio , 1.3 ; P > 0.05 ) . crowding ( > 5 on the irregularity index ) showed a significantly higher probability of crowding alleviation duration relative to dental arches with a score of < 5 ( 138.5 vs 113.1 days ; hazard ratio , 2.2 ; P = 0.02 ) . difference of the loading pattern of wires in laboratory and clinical conditions might effectively eliminate the laboratory-derived advantage of CuNiTi wires ."
479,Abstract #479,"and osteoporosis are frequent complications of HIV infection and/or its treatment . is the only bisphosphonate approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in men and women . conducted a 48-week prospective , randomized , open-label study to evaluate the effects of alendronate , vitamin D , and calcium supplementation on bone mineral density ( BMD ) in patients with HIV infection . HIV-infected subjects with lumbar spine BMD t-scores less than -1.0 on antiretroviral therapy for a minimum of 6 months were randomized to receive ( n = 15 ) or not to receive ( n = 16 ) 70 mg of alendronate weekly for 48 weeks . subjects received calcium ( 1000 mg daily as calcium carbonate ) and vitamin D supplementation ( 400 IU daily ) . study was powered to detect 3 % changes in BMD in the lumbar spine within arms at 48 weeks . patients were enrolled ; most were male , with an average length of HIV infection of 8 years . percent had an HIV RNA load below 400 copies/mL , with a current median CD4 + T-cell count of 561 cells/mm3 ( median nadir CD4 cell count of 167 cells/mm ) . baseline , the median t-score in the lumbar spine was -1.52 and the median t-score in the hip was -1.02 . in combination with vitamin D and calcium increased lumbar spine BMD by 5.2 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 1.3-6 .4 ) at 48 weeks compared with an increase of 1.3 % ( 95 % CI : -2.4 to 4.0 ) in subjects receiving vitamin D and calcium alone . subject discontinued treatment in each arm . were no serious adverse events . , vitamin D , and calcium are safe and potentially useful in the treatment of osteopenia/osteoporosis associated with HIV infection ."
480,Abstract #480,"Difficult visits '' are common in primary care and may contribute to primary care provider ( PCP ) career dissatisfaction and burnout . requests occur in approximately half of primary care visits and may be a source of clinician-patient miscommunication or conflict , contributing to perceived visit difficulty . aimed to determine associations between types of patient requests and PCP-perceived visit difficulty . was an observational study , nested in a multicenter randomized trial of depression engagement interventions . included 824 patient visits within 135 PCP practices in Northern California occurring from June 2010 to March 2012 . visit difficulty was quantified using a three-item scale ( relative visit difficulty , amount of effort required , and amount of time required ; Cronbach 's = 0.81 ) . linear regression , the difficulty scale ( score range 0-2 from least to most difficult ) was modeled as a function of : patient requests for diagnostics tests , pain medications , and specialist referrals ; PCP perception of likely depression or likely substance abuse ; patient sociodemographics , comorbidity , depression ; PCP characteristics and practice setting . requested diagnostic tests , pain medications , and specialist referrals in 37.2 , 20.0 and 30.0 % of visits , respectively . adjustment for patient medical and psychiatric complexity , perceived difficulty was significantly higher when patients requested diagnostic tests [ parameter estimate ( PE ) 0.11 , ( 95 % CI : 0.03 , 0.20 ) ] but not when patients requested pain medications [ PE -0.04 ( 95 % CI : -0.15 , 0.08 ) ] or referrals [ PE 0.04 ( 95 % CI : -0.07 , 0.25 ) ] . visit difficulty is associated with patient requests for diagnostic tests , but not requests for pain medications or specialist referrals . this era of `` choosing wisely , '' PCPs may be challenged to respond to diagnostic test requests in an evidence-based manner , while maintaining the provider-patient relationship and PCP career satisfaction ."
481,Abstract #481,"compare the efficacy of an extended schedule escalated dose of temozolomide versus standard dose dacarbazine in a large population of patients with stage IV melanoma . total of 859 patients were randomised to receive oral temozolomide at 150 mg/m ( 2 ) / day for seven consecutive days every 2 weeks or dacarbazine , administered as an intravenous infusion at 1000 mg/m ( 2 ) / day on day 1 every 3 weeks . primary endpoint was overall survival ( OS ) , using an intent-to-treat principle . number 2004-000654-23 NCI registration number NCT00005052 . OS was 9.1 months in the temozolomide arm and 9.4 months in the dacarbazine arm , with a hazard ratio ( HR ) of 1.00 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.86 , 1.17 ; P = 0.99 ) . progression-free survival ( PFS ) was 2.3 months in the temozolomide arm and 2.2 months in the dacarbazine arm , with a HR of 0.92 ( 95 % CI : 0.80 , 1.06 ; P = 0.27 ) . patients with measurable disease , overall response rate was higher in the temozolomide arm than in the dacarbazine arm ( 14.5 % versus 9.8 % , respectively ) , but the median duration of response was longer for dacarbazine . extended schedule , escalated dose temozolomide arm showed more toxicity than the standard dose , single agent dacarbazine arm . most common non-haematological treatment emergent adverse events reported in both treatment arms were nausea , fatigue and vomiting and constipation . schedule escalated dose Temozolomide ( 7 days on 7 days off ) is feasible and has an acceptable safety profile , but does not improve OS and PFS in metastatic melanoma when compared to standard dose dacarbazine ."
482,Abstract #482,"changes in the temporomandibular joint ( TMJ ) were evaluated using computed tomography ( CT ) examinations before and after TMJ injections of sodium hyaluronate or a corticosteroid in patients with osteoarthritis ( OA ) . patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups for 2 intra-articular injections with either sodium hyaluronate or a corticosteroid . TMJ examinations with high resolution CT were obtained in 36 patients before and 6 months after treatment . and contralateral TMJs were evaluated for the presence of osteoarthritic osseous abnormalities by 2 reviewers independently . , regression , and no changes of osseous abnormalities were demonstrated in 13 , 9 , and 14 TMJs , respectively , 6 months after treatment . was no significant difference between the groups . and no changes of osteoarthritic abnormalities were observed on CT examinations in both the treated and the contralateral TMJs after treatment with intra-articular injection with sodium hyaluronate or corticosteroid ."
483,Abstract #483,"hypoglycemia may impair medial temporal-mediated cognitive skills , such as the ability to recall past events explicitly ( delayed declarative memory ) . objective of this study was to determine whether delayed declarative memory deficits are present in a group of diabetic children with an increased risk of severe hypoglycemia . children ( n = 16 ) and children with type 1 diabetes who had been randomly assigned to either intensive ( IT ) ( n = 13 ) or conventional ( CT ) ( n = 12 ) diabetes therapy at the time of diagnosis participated in the study . episodes of severe hypoglycemia were prospectively ascertained . children were tested on memory tasks that have been closely linked to medial temporal functioning and on reaction time measures . results demonstrated that the IT group had a threefold higher rate of severe hypoglycemia , performed less accurately on a spatial declarative memory task , and performed more slowly , but not less accurately , on a pattern recognition task than did the CT group or control subjects . addition , both groups of type 1 diabetic children were significantly impaired on a motor speed task compared with their nondiabetic peers . results indicate a selective relative memory impairment associated with IT that is consistent with the effects of severe hypoglycemia and medial temporal damage or dysfunction . larger prospective studies determine that severe hypoglycemia is the mediating factor for this memory impairment , extreme caution in imposing overly strict standards for glucose control in young patients with type 1 diabetes would be indicated because of the increased risk of hypoglycemia associated with IT regimens ."
484,Abstract #484,"aim of the present study was to compare the delayed-immediate ( Im ) and the delayed ( De ) protocols for placement of single-tooth implants . allocation to the Im and De groups by random , 46 patients were treated with a single-tooth implant with acid etched surfaces ( Osseotite ) in the anterior or pre-molar region of the maxilla or the mandible on average 10 days ( Im ) or 3 months ( De ) following tooth extraction , respectively . patients attended a follow-up visit 2 years after implant placement corresponding to 1 ( 1/2 ) years of loading of the implant restorations . and prosthetic parameters were evaluated clinically and marginal bone levels measured on radiographs . implants were lost , all before mounting of the crown . of the implant restorations had failed after 1 ( 1/2 ) years of function . pocket depths were reduced by up to 1.4 mm on average from the time of loading to the 2-year follow-up and at that time , no significant difference between the Im and De groups was found ( 4.2 versus 4.1 mm ) . statistically significant radiographic marginal bone loss had occurred in the Im group ( mean = 0.8 mm ) as well as in the De group ( mean = 0.7 mm ) in the follow-up period . , a mean marginal bone level of approx . mm in both groups measured from the implant-abutment junction was found to be acceptable . was demonstrated that probing pocket depths and marginal bone levels after 1 ( 1/2 ) years of loading of the implant-retained crowns were not influenced by the presence of peri-implant bone defects immediately after implant placement . , no severe prosthodontic complications , such as screw loosening or porcelain fractures , arose in this study material . success rates of single-tooth implants after 1 ( 1/2 ) years of function were achieved using the delayed-immediate and delayed implant placement techniques ."
485,Abstract #485,"aim of the study was to assess the caries inhibition effect of fluoride varnishes among preschool children with high caries risk . the same time , the suitability of this measure should be examined in the frame of group prevention programmes in kindergartens . was an examiner-blind , clinically controlled 2-year study with 200 randomly selected 2 - to 4-year-old preschool children with high caries risk . the baseline , caries-free surfaces , initial caries lesions as well as the caries status ( dmfs ) were recorded . the baseline , all subjects were divided into 3 groups . of group A received every 6 months ( altogether four times ) applications with the fluoride varnish Fluoridin N5 ( VOCO GmbH , Cuxhaven , Germany ) , children of the group B received every 6 months ( altogether four times ) applications with Duraphat ( Colgate Palmolive GmbH , Hamburg , Germany ) , while the subjects of group C did not receive any fluoride varnish applications and constituted the control group . final examination was performed after two years similar to the baseline . analysis was based on the SPSS programme at a significance level of 95 % . results confirmed the caries inhibition efficacy of both fluoride varnishes . is shown as well in the almost constant number of caries-free surfaces and initial caries lesions in the two F-groups during the observation period . caries-free surfaces in group C were significantly reduced along with an increase of initial caries lesions . caries reduction , based on the control group , amounted in group A to 56 % and in group B to 57 % . results documented the caries inhibition effect of both fluoride varnishes which are suitable for intensive group prevention programmes for pre-school children ."
486,Abstract #486,"evaluate the effect of lidocaine inhalation on the circulatory response to direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation . , randomized study . theater at a public hospital . patients ( ASA physical status I and II ages 25 to 45 years ) scheduled for major abdominal surgery . the first stage , 40 patients were randomly assigned to receive inhalation of either lidocaine 40 mg or a 0.9 % solution of sodium chloride ( placebo ) . the second stage , the next 20 consecutive patients received inhalation of lidocaine 120 mg , and another 20 consecutive patients received intravenous ( IV ) lidocaine 1 mg/kg . arterial pressure rose significantly in the i.v. lidocaine group ( 21.2 mmHg ; p < 0.05 ) , the saline inhalation group ( 29.2 mmHg ; p < 0.05 ) , and the lidocaine 40 mg inhalation group ( 22.9 mmHg ; p < 0.05 ) , but not in the lidocaine 120 mg inhalation group ( 10.1 mmHg ) . heart rate ( HR ) response to intubation with lidocaine inhalation was dose dependent . the saline inhalation group , HR increased by 15.6 beats per minute ( bpm ) ( p < 0.05 ) ; in the lidocaine 40 mg inhalation group , HR increased by 9.1 bpm ( p < 0.05 ) ; and in the lidocaine 120 mg inhalation group , HR increased by only 3.1 bpm . of lidocaine 120 mg prior to induction of anesthesia is an effective , safe , and convenient method to attenuate the circulatory response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation ."
487,Abstract #487,"quality of life ( HRQOL ) is diminished in depressed adult outpatients and especially impaired among depressed patients referred for ECT . compare pretreatment HRQOL in ECT and non-ECT depressed patients from two large samples , and examined whether sustained remission in depressive symptoms after ECT is associated with normalization of HRQOL . was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 ( SF36 ) before ECT and 6 months after ECT in an effectiveness ( n = 286 ) and an efficacy ( n = 243 ) clinical trial . patients had very low baseline SF36 scores . one exception , SF36 subscale scores in both trials were significantly lower than those of depressed outpatients . minority of patients in both trials entered and sustained remission over the 24 week timeframe . sustained remitters , average SF36 scores were no different from normative scores of the general adult population , except that in the effectiveness study ECT patients reported less Bodily Pain ( p < 0.05 ) and better Mental Health ( p < 0.05 ) , while in the efficacy study ECT patients reported more difficulty with Role-Emotional ( p < 0.01 ) . a modest number of patients were observed in sustained remission . is very poor in patients referred for ECT . patients who experience sustained remission after ECT , however , can expect improvement in their quality of life that leaves many in a position indistinguishable from the general adult population ."
488,Abstract #488,"many years , the main goal of premedication was prevention of the dangerous side effects sometimes encountered in anesthetics with anticholinergics , antiemetic antihistaminics , and opioids . the rules were always preoperative fasting , premedication was administered i.m. Thus , the onset of action was within 15-30 min from administration . recent years , with the introduction of newer anesthetics with fewer side effects , anxiolysis became the main aim in premedication . , the oral route became popular since it obviously did not increase the acidity or volume of the gastric content . , the uptake and thus onset of action of orally administered drugs may take longer and can differ considerably between individual patients . , the optimum interval between administration and induction of anesthesia remains controversial . present study was carried out to examine the time course of drug action and the effects of different premedication regimens on the electroencephalogram ( EEG ) . obtaining informed consent , in 38 unselected adult patients ( ASA I and II , < 65 years ) scheduled for elective surgery , the EEG was recorded continuously before and after premedication . patients were randomly assigned to four groups : M : midazolam , 0.2 mg/kg BW orally ; N : nordazepam , 0.2 mg/kg BW orally ; AP : atropine , 0.5 mg , plus promethazine , 50 mg i.m. ; APP : atropine , 0.5 mg , plus promethazine , 50 mg , plus pethidine , 0.7 mg/kg BW i.m. EEG was recorded for a reference period of 10 min before and a study period of 30 min after premedication . EEG processing was performed with CATEEM ( computer-aided topographical electroencephalometry ) . electrodes were placed according to the 10-20 system . were collected via an amplifier ( resistance 10 M omega ) and a digitalization unit ( filter 0.2-35 Hz , sampling rate 512 Hz , 12 bit A/D convertor ) . original EEG signals were used in an interpolation algorythm to produce an additional 82 virtual recording points , allowing for high topographical resolution . spectral analysis ( fast Fourier transformation ) , the different frequency ranges of the EEG power spectrum are displayed in different colors . screen displays the on-line map with color-based topographical power distribution . order to achieve a pharmacodynamic time profile , the study period was subdivided into three periods of 10 min each . clinical evaluation of vigilance , a 6-grade scoring system was used 1 = awake , 6 = not arousable ) . data are presented with respect to reference period . power density of each frequency range for each electrode is integrated over the selected period and mean values are shown . in power density with time are expressed as percentage change from reference period . data showed no significant differences between groups . median vigilance score 30 min after premedication ( end of study period ) was 4 in groups M , AP , and APP , and 3 in group N. both benzodiazepine groups , a distinct increase in power density was found in the beta-bands , while in groups AP and APP the increase was most pronounced in the delta and theta bands . group M , there was a linear increase in beta 1 power up to 310 % , while in the beta 2 range there was a 170 % maximum within the second period of 10 min . group N , there was a similar course with a lower increase in beta 1 ( 220 % ) and beta 2 ( 130 % ) . in both beta-bands were most pronounced with frontal electrodes . group M showed an increase in delta power ( 150 % ) , together with moderate suppression in alpha ( alpha 1 50 % , alpha 2 40 % ) , nordazepam caused only a slight increase in delta ( 124 % ) and a distinct increase in alpha 2 to 150 % , predominantly in the frontal areas . APP showed a linear increase in both delta up to 210 % and theta power to 190 % . ABSTRACT TRUNCATED )"
489,Abstract #489,"observe the clinical efficacy of modified Huanglian Wendan Decoction ( HWD ) in treating senile mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) of turbid-phlegm blocking orifice syndrome . a block randomized , double-blinded and controlled design adopted , the 64 patients of MCI selected from December 2007 to February 2009 were randomly and equally assigned to two groups . treatment group was treated with HWD in dose of 200 mL , twice a day ; the control group was given Aniracetam 0.2 g ( for patients over 70-years-old , 0.1 g ) three times a day . the illusive medicine in dosage-form of capsule/decoction simulated to that used in the opposite group was applied . medication and observation lasted for three months . medicine syndrome , cognition capacity ( by MMSE ) , laboratory indexes [ acetylcholine ( Ach ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) ] and safety related indexes in patients were observed . treatment , MMSE score increased in both groups , but the increment in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) ; Chinese medicine syndrome estimated by scoring showed that after treatment , all scores of syndromes , excepting the expectoration , were improved in the treatment group with the post-treatment scores significantly lower than those in the control group respectively ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) ; while in the control group , lowering of scores only showed in some symptoms such as poor memory , heavy head or dizziness , and heavy sensation in limbs and body . levels of Ach and SOD decreased and MDA increased in both groups after treatment , but the change of Ach was more significant in the treatment group ( P < 0.01 ) . obvious adverse reactions were found during the treatment . treatment of MCI , HWD shows effects in improving patients ' symptoms , cognition capacity and elevating serum Ach content better than that of Aniracetam ; and with effects for raising SOD activity and reducing MDA level similar to those of Aniracetam ."
490,Abstract #490,"demand for oral anticoagulants is overwhelming facilities worldwide , resulting in increasing use of computer assistance . multicenter clinical endpoint study has been performed to compare the safety and effectiveness of computer-assisted dosage with dosage by experienced medical staff at the same centers . randomized study of dosage of two commercial computer-assisted dosage programs ( PARMA 5 and DAWN AC ) vs. manual dosage at 32 centers with an established interest in oral anticoagulation in 13 countries . aim was to recruit a minimum of 16,000 patient-years randomized to medical staff or computer-assisted dosage . total , 13,219 patients participated , 6503 patients being randomized to medical staff and 6716 to computer-assisted dosage . safety and effectiveness of computer-assisted dosage were compared with those of medical staff dosage . total , 13,052 patients were recruited ( 18,617 patient-years ) . Normalized Ratio ( INR ) tests numbered 193 890 with manual dosage and 193,424 with computer-assisted dosage . number of clinical events with computer-assisted dosage was lower ( P = 0.1 ) , but in the 3209 patients with deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism , they were reduced by 37 ( 24 % , P = 0.001 ) . in target INR range was significantly improved by computer assistance as compared with medical staff dosage at the majority of centers ( P < 0.001 ) . safety and effectiveness of computer-assisted dosage has been demonstrated using two different marketed programs in comparison with experienced medical staff dosage at the centers with established interest in anticoagulation . prevention of clinical events in patients with deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism and the achievement of target INR in all clinical groups has been observed . reliability and safety of other marketed computer-assisted dosage programs need to be established ."
491,Abstract #491,"compare the efficacy difference in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis between acupuncture at Neiguan ( PC 6 ) and Taichong ( LR 3 ) and the conventional acupoints . four cases were random into a Neiguanc ( PC 6 ) Taichong ( LR 3 ) group observation group ( 20 cases ) and a conventional group control group ( 24 cases ) . the observention group , acupuncture was applied to Neiguan ( PC 6 ) on the healthy side and Taichong ( LR 3 ) on the affected side . acupoints were selected bilaterally if both knees were affected . the control group , acupuncture was applied to Yanglingquan ( GB 34 ) , Yinlingquan ( SP 9 ) , Neixiyan ( EX-LE 4 ) , Dubi ( ST 35 ) , Zusanli ( ST 36 ) and the others on the affected side . visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index ( WOMAC ) were used for assessment of theraputic effect after treatment . score of VAS and pain , stiffness and function impairment of WOMAC were lower apparently than those before treatment in both groups ( all P < 0.001 ) . score after treatment in the observation group was lower apparently than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . differences in each item score of WOMAC after treatment were not significant statistically between the two groups ( all P > 0.05 ) . at Neiguan ( PC 6 ) and Taichong ( LR 3 ) achieves the similar efficacy on knee osteoarthritis as the conventional acupoints , but the former is more simple and convenient ."
492,Abstract #492,"its etiology is unknown , it has been hypothesized that premenstrual syndrome ( PMS ) is linked to a deficiency of central serotoninergic activity . the present study , we evaluated the effect of fluoxetine , a specific serotonin uptake inhibitor , on PMS symptoms . extensive screening , including several psychological inventories , eight women with severe persistent PMS participated in a 6-month double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study which included three months each of daily fluoxetine 20 mg or placebo , administered in a randomized order . were evaluated using the Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences and other psychometric measures . with placebo , treatment with fluoxetine was associated with an improvement in PMS symptoms as judged by highly significant decreases in behavioral ( P less than .005 ) , physical ( P less than .05 ) , and total ( P less than .005 ) Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences scores ; Beck Depression Inventory scores ( P less than .005 ) ; Profile of Mood States subscales scores including depression ( P less than .005 ) , tension ( P less than .005 ) , and anger ( P less than .01 ) ; and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores . use of fluoxetine was associated with a greater mean reduction in behavioral ( 75 % ) than in physical scores ( 40 % ) , with a mean decrease in total Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences scores of 62 % , which rendered these scores similar to follicular phase values . , the luteal phase symptomatology of PMS was effectively abolished . this dose , no significant side effects or complications were noted during treatment . appears to be a highly effective , well-tolerated treatment for the psychological and physical symptoms accompanying severe PMS ."
493,Abstract #493,"is uncertain whether the effort and expense of performing a second walk for the 6-min walk test improves test performance . , we attempted to quantify the improvement in 6-min walk distance if an additional walk were to be performed . studied patients consecutively enrolled into the National Emphysema Treatment Trial who prior to randomization and after 6 to 10 weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation performed two 6-min walks on consecutive days ( N = 396 ) . also performed two 6-min walks at 6-month follow-up after randomization to lung volume reduction surgery ( n = 74 ) or optimal medical therapy ( n = 64 ) . compared change in the first walk distance to change in the second , average-of-two , and best-of-two walk distances . with the change in the first walk distance , change in the average-of-two and best-of-two walk distances had better validity and precision . , 6 months after randomization to lung volume reduction surgery , changes in the average-of-two ( r = 0.66 vs r = 0.58 , P = .01 ) and best-of-two walk distances ( r = 0.67 vs r = 0.58 , P = .04 ) better correlated with the change in maximal exercise capacity ( ie , better validity ) . , the variance of change was 14 % to 25 % less for the average-of-two walk distances and 14 % to 33 % less for the best-of-two walk distances than the variance of change in the single walk distance , indicating better precision . a second walk to the 6-min walk test significantly improves its performance in measuring response to a therapeutic intervention , improves the validity of COPD clinical trials , and would result in a 14 % to 33 % reduction in sample size requirements . , it should be strongly considered by clinicians and researchers as an outcome measure for therapeutic interventions in patients with COPD ."
494,Abstract #494,"nephropathy is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritides , and the clinical course of almost 40 % of the patients progresses to end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) within 20 years . enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors and / or angiotensin II receptor blockers ( ARBs ) induce a marked renoprotective effect in nondiabetic chronic proteinuric nephropathies including IgA nephropathy . , in Japan , ACE inhibitors and ARBs are not used for normotensive patients . purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antiproteinuric effect of olmesartan , one of the ARBs , in normotensive patients with IgA nephropathy in Japan . was given to 25 patients for 16 weeks . initial dose was 5 mg and was increased stepwise to 10 mg , 20 mg and 40 mg . doses were 40 mg ( n = 11 ) , 20 mg ( n = 5 ) , 10 mg ( n = 7 ) and 5 mg ( n = 2 ) . change in urinary protein to creatinine ratio was -56.2 % + / -22.8 % at week 16 . clearance showed no changes throughout the study period . pressure ( systolic/diastolic ) was 118.9 + / -7.0 / 76.8 + / -7.4 mm Hg in the lead-in period and decreased to 107.0 + / -10.1 / 66.3 + / -7.8 mm Hg at week 16 . the end of treatment with olmesartan , no correlation was observed between changes in the urinary protein to creatinine ratio and mean blood pressure based on investigation of dispersion diagrams . monotherapy showed robust reduction of urinary protein in normotensive IgA nephropathy patients , suggesting that this effect is independent of its blood pressure-lowering properties ."
495,Abstract #495,"research has indicated that the loss of skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density observed with aging is related to the prominent age-related decline in the concentration of serum growth hormone ( GH ) . , there is limited data on the effects of aging on GH responses to acute bouts of heavy resistance exercise ( HRE ) and aerobic exercise ( AE ) . present investigation examined the effects of a HRE protocol and an AE protocol on immunoreactive GH ( IGH ) and bioactive GH ( BGH ) in active young and old women . women had a diminished serum IGH response to both the HRE and AE protocols compared to the younger women , however a similar response was not observed in serum BGH . , the HRE protocol elicited a greater BGH response than the AE protocol exclusively in the younger group . of exercise mode , aging induces an increase in growth hormone polymerization that specifically results in a loss of serum growth hormone immunoreactivity without a concurrent loss of serum growth hormone bioactivity . greater BGH response to the HRE protocol found in the younger group can be attributed to an unknown serum factor of molecular weight between 30 and 55kD that either potentiated growth hormone bioactivity in response to HRE or inhibited growth hormone bioactivity in response to AE ."
496,Abstract #496,"aim of this study was to measure the influence of water on the adhesion between titanium and porcelain by means of the strain energy release rate ( G-value or interfacial toughness ) . specimens of grade II titanium and a reference gold-palladium porcelain fused to metal ( PFM ) alloy were veneered with feldspathic porcelains . the case of the titanium , two gold and one ceramic bonder systems were used to enhance the adhesion of the porcelain . G-value was measured with a four-point bending configuration developed by Charalambides et al. ( Journal of Applied Mechanics ( Trans ASME ) . ; 56:77 -82 ) , at four different loading rates ( from 0.1 to 15 N/s ) in water and at one loading rate ( 1.5 N/s ) in kerosine . was a significant difference ( ANOVA , p < 0.01 ) in the interfacial toughness between the different bonding systems , with the two goldbonder systems exhibiting higher toughness in kerosine and water than the ceramic bonder . two goldbonders achieved the best results across all loading rates . interfacial toughness , tested in kerosine , varied between 45.83 + / -6.72 and 73.54 + / -17.01 J/m ( 2 ) and tested in water from 40.86 + / -2.23 to 69.17 + / -12.33 J/m ( 2 ) , respectively . ceramic Ti bonder achieved the lowest G-values throughout ( 30.15 + / -5.52 J/m ( 2 ) in kerosine to 11.08 + / -2.18 J/m ( 2 ) in water ) . gold-palladium PFM alloy showed more constant behaviour ( 33.48 + / -2.24 J/m ( 2 ) to 23.07 + / -0.53 J/m ( 2 ) in kerosine and water , respectively ) . to the gold-palladium PFM alloy , the goldbonders achieved much higher G-values whereas the ceramic Ti bonder G-values were lower when tested in water and in kerosine ."
497,Abstract #497,"term angiokeratoma refers to a group of unrelated diseases with similar histopathologic features . clinical variants of angiokeratoma have been described . , it is not known whether some variants of angiokeratoma are of lymphatic origin , and an immunohistochemical study of lymphatic markers has not been previously performed . performed an immunohistochemical study of angiokeratomas using lymphatic markers . cases of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum , 10 cases of Fordyce angiokeratoma , 10 cases of Mibelli angiokeratoma and 10 cases of solitary angiokeratoma were examined by immunohistochemical analysis using CD31 , D2-40 , Prox1 and Wilms ' tumor 1 ( WT-1 ) . vessels of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum , Fordyce angiokeratoma and solitary angiokeratoma were usually focally positive for D2-40 and positive for Prox1 , whereas the vessels of Mibelli angiokeratoma were negative for D2-40 and positive for Prox1 . results suggest lymphatic derivation of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum , Fordyce angiokeratoma and solitary angiokeratoma . , the derivation of Mibelli angiokeratoma could not be determined based on the present immunohistochemical results ."
498,Abstract #498,"cost-effectiveness of tricyclic antidepressants ( TCAs ) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) has not been compared in a prospective study in primary care . determine the relative cost-effectiveness of TCAs , SSRIs and lofepramine in UK primary care . open-label , three-arm randomised trial with a preference arm . referred 327 patients with incident depression . significant differences were found in effectiveness or cost-effectiveness . numbers of depression-free weeks over 12 months ( on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ) were 25.3 ( 95 % CI 21.3-29 .0 ) for TCAs , 28.3 ( 95 % CI 24.3-32 .2 ) for SSRIs and 24.6 ( 95 % CI 20.6-28 .9 ) for lofepramine . health service costs per patient were pound 762 ( 95 % CI 553-1059 ) for TCAs , pound 875 ( 95 % CI 675-1355 ) for SSRIs and pound 867 ( 95 % CI 634-1521 ) for lofepramine . acceptability curves suggested SSRIs were most cost-effective ( with a probability of up to 0.6 ) . findings support a policy of recommending SSRIs as first-choice antidepressants in primary care ."
499,Abstract #499,"duration of action of neuromuscular blocking drugs ( NBDs ) varies between individuals and even within individuals in different settings . define predictors of variance in duration of action of rocuronium and cisatracurium administered long-term . prospective , double-blind , multicenter trial that included 113 patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery and postoperative admission to the intensive care unit . received repetitive ( median , 7 ) equipotent doses of rocuronium or cisatracurium to maintain deep relaxation ( twitch height of the adductor pollicis muscle < 25 % of baseline ) . of weight , age , sex , American Society of Anesthesiologists risk score , lowest core temperature , duration of NBD administration , and tobacco smoking history on duration of action of cisatracurium and rocuronium were determined via multiple regression analysis . duration of NBD administration was predictive of the duration of action of rocuronium . predicted increase in time to recovery of the train-of-4 ratio to 0.9 ( duration TOF 0.9 ) per hour of continuous NBD treatment was 12.4 minutes . contrast , only lowest core body temperature was predictive of cisatracurium 's duration of action , and the predicted increase in duration TOF 0.9 per degree Celsius decrease was 9.8 min . of NBD treatment is strongly predictive of the duration of action of rocuronium , and body temperature is predictive of the duration of action of cisatracurium . data may help decrease the incidence of drug-induced muscle weakness in recovery rooms and surgical intensive care units , particularly if neuromuscular transmission monitoring is not available ."
500,Abstract #500,"compare effects on plasma total - , LDL - , and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of margarines enriched with different vegetable oil sterols or sitostanol-ester . randomized double-blind placebo-controlled balanced incomplete Latin square design with five treatments and four periods of 3.5 weeks . enriched with sterols from soybean , sheanut or ricebran oil or with sitostanol-ester were compared to a non-enriched control margarine . intake was between 1.5-3 .3 g/d . thirds of the soybean oil sterols were esterified to fatty acids . Research Laboratory , Vlaardingen , The Netherlands . hundred healthy non-obese normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic volunteers aged 45 + / -12.8 y , with plasma total cholesterol levels below 8 mmol/L at entry . lipid , carotenoid and sterol concentrations , blood clinical chemistry and haematology , fatty acid composition of plasma cholesterylesters and food intake . volunteers completed the study . of the margarines induced adverse changes in blood clinical chemistry , serum total bile acids or haematology . total - and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced by 8-13 % ( 0.37-0 .44 mmol/L ) compared to control for margarines enriched in soybean oil sterol-esters or sitostanol-ester . effect on HDL-cholesterol concentrations occurred . LDL - to HDL-cholesterol ratio was reduced by 0.37 and 0.33 units for these margarines , respectively . on blood lipids did not differ between normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects . sitosterol and campesterol levels were significantly higher for the soybean oil sterol margarine and significantly lower for the sitostanol-ester margarine compared to control . intake was very similar across treatments . fatty acid composition of plasma cholesterylesters confirmed the good compliance to the treatment . sterol enriched margarines reduced lipid-standardized plasma alpha - plus beta-carotene levels . lycopene levels were also reduced but this effect was not significant for all products . margarine with sterol-esters from soybean oil , mainly esters from sitosterol , campesterol and stigmasterol , is as effective as a margarine with sitostanol-ester in lowering blood total - and LDL-cholesterol levels without affecting HDL-cholesterol concentrations . in edible fat containing products of such substances may substantially reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in the population ."
501,Abstract #501,"cognitive decline is common and may lead to substantial difficulties and disabilities in everyday life . hypothesized that 10 hours of visual speed of processing training would prevent age-related declines and potentially improve cognitive processing speed . two age bands ( 50-64 and 65 ) 681 patients were randomized to ( a ) three computerized visual speed of processing training arms ( 10 hours on-site , 14 hours on-site , or 10 hours at-home ) or ( b ) an on-site attention control group using computerized crossword puzzles for 10 hours . primary outcome was the Useful Field of View ( UFOV ) test , and the secondary outcomes were the Trail Making ( Trails ) A and B Tests , Symbol Digit Modalities Test ( SDMT ) , Stroop Color and Word Tests , Controlled Oral Word Association Test ( COWAT ) , and the Digit Vigilance Test ( DVT ) , which were assessed at baseline and at one year . participants ( 91 % ) completed the study and were included in the analyses . mixed models were used with Blom rank transformations within age bands . intervention groups had ( p < 0.05 ) small to medium standardized effect size improvements on UFOV ( Cohen 's d = -0.322 to -0.579 , depending on intervention arm ) , Trails A ( d = -0.204 to -0.265 ) , Trails B ( d = -0.225 to -0.320 ) , SDMT ( d = 0.263 to 0.351 ) , and Stroop Word ( d = 0.240 to 0.271 ) . to years of protection against age-related cognitive declines , these effects reflect 3.0 to 4.1 years on UFOV , 2.2 to 3.5 years on Trails A , 1.5 to 2.0 years on Trails B , 5.4 to 6.6 years on SDMT , and 2.3 to 2.7 years on Stroop Word . speed of processing training delivered on-site or at-home to middle-aged or older adults using standard home computers resulted in stabilization or improvement in several cognitive function tests . implementation of this intervention is feasible . NCT-01165463 ."
502,Abstract #502,"' race or ethnic background may affect their ability to access health care due to their socioeconomic status , hereditary predispositions to illnesses , or discrimination either perceived or actual by those providing health care . patients with mental health disorders , additional barriers are created due to poor experiences with the health care system . was a mixed methods randomized control study examining the effectiveness of care managers linking patients to primary care after psychiatric crisis . aim reported in this paper was to analyze differences by minority status in patients ' quantitative and qualitative responses before and after facilitation to primary care ( N = 85 ) . responded to a `` patient enablement '' and primary care index assessing their feelings of empowerment after a primary care visit ; and to qualitative questions about their experiences and perceptions of care . a primary care visit , responses by minority and non-minority individuals did not differ significantly on either the patient enablement or primary care index score . qualitative inquiry , both non-minorities and minorities reported positive and negative views of their health , with corresponding positive and negative health experiences . sum , there were no differences in patient enablement between the minority and non-minority subgroups over the course of the study , nor were there any changes in patient 's perception of their relationship with healthcare providers . , this cohort found primary care services less satisfactory than a general population without mental illness . with psychiatric disorders experience stigmatization in their attempts to access health care . stigma may have a greater impact than race and ethnicity , thereby leading to a similarity in perception of health care between minorities and non-minorities with mental illness ."
503,Abstract #503,"immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) - specific cellular immunity contributes to the control of HIV-1 replication . volunteers who were receiving antiretroviral therapy were given a replication-defective adenovirus type 5 HIV-1 gag vaccine in a randomized , blinded therapeutic vaccination study . vaccine or placebo recipients underwent analytical treatment interruption ( ATI ) for 16 weeks . log ( 10 ) HIV-1 RNA load at the ATI set point and the time-averaged area under the curve served as co-primary end points . responses were measured by intracellular cytokine staining and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dye dilution . benefit trends were seen for both primary end points , but they did not reach a prespecified significance level of P < or = 25 . estimated shifts in the time-averaged area under the curve and the ATI set point were 0.24 ( P = .04 , unadjusted ) and 0.26 ( P = .07 , unadjusted ) log ( 10 ) copies lower , respectively , in the vaccine arm than in the placebo arm . gag-specific CD4 ( + ) cells producing interferon-gamma were an immunologic correlate of viral control . vaccine was generally safe and well tolerated . a trend favoring viral suppression among vaccine recipients , differences in HIV-1 RNA levels did not meet the prespecified level of significance . of HIV-1 gag-specific CD4 cells correlated with control of viral replication in vivo . immunogenicity studies should require a substantially higher immunogenicity threshold before an ATI is contemplated ."
504,Abstract #504,"epinephrine commonly is added to local anesthetics for regional anesthesia , rarely it may cause undesirable hemodynamic side effects . study compared the hemodynamic and blockade effects of 25 and 200 microg epinephrine during axillary brachial plexus blockade with lidocaine 1.5 % . American Society of Anesthesiologist classification I or II patients were divided randomly into 3 groups . in group 1 received 5 mL of saline containing 25 microg epinephrine and then 35 mL of 1.5 % lidocaine ; patients in group 2 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 200 microg of epinephrine mixed with 35 mL of 1.5 % lidocaine ; patients in group 3 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 35 mL of 1.5 % lidocaine . data were measured for 1 to 10 minutes at 1-minute intervals after axillary injection . duration time of motor and sensory block was recorded . anesthesia was achieved in 85 % of patients in groups 1 and 3 and 90 % in group 2 . block duration was significantly longer in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 ( P < .05 ) . were no significant differences in analgesia between groups 1 and 2 . duration was significantly longer in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 ( P < .05 ) . rate from the 3rd to 6th minute was higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 ( P < .05 ) . arterial pressure from the 3rd to 5th minute and diastolic arterial pressure from 2nd to 6th minute were higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 ( P < .05 ) . epinephrine offers more stable hemodynamics and similar blockade , and thus may be beneficial for patients undergoing forearm and hand surgery who are at risk for tachycardia and/or hypertension ."
505,Abstract #505,"assess the effect of different doses of tramadol when added to lignocaine during intravenous regional anesthesia ( IVRA ) . patients , scheduled for hand surgery under IVRA in King Fahd University Hospital , Al-Khobar , Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to January 2007 were randomly allocated into 3 groups ( 20 patients each ) in a double blind controlled study . patients received 0.5 % lignocaine , 40ml plus 2ml of a study solution containing either isotonic saline control group , or tramadol 50mg ( group T50 ) or tramadol 100 mg ( group T100 ) . changes , sensory and motor block onset and recovery times , tourniquet tolerance time , the quality of intraoperative anesthesia and the duration of postoperative analgesia were assessed . patients , 20 in each group completed the study period . who received tramadol had earlier onset of sensory block ( 5.2 + / = 1.2 ; 4.9 + / = 1.2 min in the T50 ; and T100 groups ) compared with the control group ( 7.6 + / = 1.4 min ) . who received 100mg of tramadol had better tolerance of tourniquet ( p = 0.011 ) , and less intraoperative fentanyl supplementation ( p = 0.042 ) . had also a longer time to the first postoperative analgesic request ( p = 0.001 ) compared with the control group . 100 mg is a beneficial additive to lignocaine for IVRA since it shortened the onset of sensory block , enhanced the tourniquet tolerance and improved the perioperative analgesia ."
506,Abstract #506,"use is a potentially modifiable risk factor for falling ; psychotropic and cardiovascular drugs have been indicated as main drug groups that increase fall risk . , evidence is mainly based on studies that recorded falls retrospectively and/or did not determine medication use at the time of the fall . , we investigated the associations indicated in the literature between medication use and falls , using prospectively recorded falls and medication use determined at the time of the fall . from the B-PROOF ( B-vitamins for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures ) study were used , concerning community-dwelling elderly aged 65 years . included 2,407 participants with pharmacy dispensing records . the 2 - to 3-year follow-up , participants recorded falls using a fall calendar . proportional hazard models were applied , adjusting for potential confounders including age , sex , health status variables and concomitant medication use . follow-up , 1,147 participants experienced at least one fall . of anti-arrhythmic medication had an increased fall risk ( hazard ratio [ HR ] 1.61 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.12-2 .32 ) compared with non-users . , non-selective beta-blocker use was associated with an increased fall risk ( HR 1.41 [ 95 % CI 1.12-1 .78 ] ) , while statin use was associated with a lower risk ( HR 0.81 [ 95 % CI 0.71-0 .94 ] ) . use ( HR 1.32 [ 95 % CI 1.02-1 .71 ] ) , and antidepressant use ( HR 1.40 [ 95 % CI 1.07-1 .82 ] ) were associated with an increased fall risk . of other cardiovascular and psychotropic medication was not associated with fall risk . results strengthen the evidence for an increased fall risk in community-dwelling elderly during the use of anti-arrhythmics , non-selective beta-blockers , benzodiazepines , and antidepressant medication . should prescribe these drugs cautiously and if possible choose safer alternatives for older patients ."
507,Abstract #507,"alcohol abuse is associated with deficits in cognitive control functions . control is likely to be mediated through the interaction between intrinsic large-scale brain networks involved in externally oriented executive functioning and internally focused thought processing . the interaction between these functional brain networks could be an important target for treatment . , the current study aimed to investigate the effects of the cognitive enhancer modafinil on within-network and between-network resting-state functional connectivity and cognitive control functions in alcohol-dependent patients . a double-blind , placebo-controlled cross-over design , resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a Stroop task were employed in alcohol-dependent patients ( n = 15 ) and healthy control subjects ( n = 16 ) . and between-network functional connectivity was calculated using a combination of independent component analysis and functional network connectivity analysis . significantly increased the negative coupling between executive networks and the default mode network , which was associated with modafinil-induced improvement in cognitive control in alcohol-dependent patients . findings demonstrate that modafinil at least partly exerts its effects by targeting intrinsic functional relationships between large-scale brain systems underlying cognitive control . current study therefore provides a neurobiological rationale for implementing modafinil as an adjunct in the treatment of alcohol dependence , although clinical studies are needed to substantiate this promise ."
508,Abstract #508,"present study aimed at determining if the addition of spaced education to traditional face-to-face lectures increased the time students kept busy with the learning content of a theoretical radiological science course . study comprised two groups of 21 third-year dental students . students were randomly assigned to a `` traditional group '' and a `` spaced education group '' . groups followed a traditional face-to-face course . intervention in the spaced education group was performed in way that these students received e-mails with a delay of 14days to each face-to-face lecture . e-mails contained multiple choice questions on the learning content of the lectures . students returned their answers to the questions also by e-mail . return they received an additional e-mail that included the correct answers and additional explanatory material.All students of both groups documented the time they worked on the learning content of the different lectures before a multiple choice exam was held after the completion of the course . students of both groups completed the TRIL questionnaire ( Trierer Inventar zur Lehrevaluation ) for the evaluation of courses at university after the completion of the course . results for the time invested in the learning content and the results of the questionnaire for the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney-U test . spaced education group spent significantly more time ( 216.2123.9 min ) on keeping busy with the learning content compared to the traditional group ( 58.494.8 min , p < .0005 ) . spaced education group rated the didactics of the course significantly better than the traditional group ( p = .034 ) . students of the spaced education group also felt that their needs were fulfilled significantly better compared to the traditional group as far as communication with the teacher was concerned ( p = .022 ) . spaced education to a face-to-face theoretical radiological science course activates students in a way that they spend significantly more time on keeping busy with the learning content ."
509,Abstract #509,"with a follow-up of < 8 weeks have indicated immune-preserving effects of yogurt probiotic supplementation among HIV patients . evaluate the impact of 25 weeks use of probiotics , a randomized , double blind , controlled study was undertaken on 65 women who were nave to anti-retroviral treatment . participants were excluded post-randomization due to non-eligibility . participants were assigned placebo , of whom 25 completed the study versus 19 of 25 completing the study in the probiotics group ( p = 0.5 ) . baseline to 10 weeks follow-up , the CD4 count declined on average 3 CD4 cells/l ( 95 % Confidence Interval : -97 ; 91 ) with placebo versus an increase of 50 cells/l ( 95 % CI : -61 ; 162 ) with probiotics ( p = 0.5 ) . baseline to 25 weeks , the CD4 count increased with 19 cells/l ( 95 % CI : -90 ; 129 ) in the placebo group versus 46 cells/l ( 95 % CI : -100 ; 192 ) with probiotics ( p = 0.8 ) . differences in immune markers , diarrhea incidence or adverse events were observed . GR-1 and RC-14 may be safely consumed at 2 x 10 ( 9 ) CFU/day by moderately immune compromised HIV patients but this did not universally preserve immune-function . were randomized to receive oral capsules containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 ( 2 x 10 ( 9 ) colony forming units ) or placebo twice daily for 25 weeks . CD4 count and immune markers ( IgG , IgE , IFN and IL-10 ) were measured at baseline and during follow-up , the occurrence of diarrhea was reported daily ."
510,Abstract #510,"sessions as a means of maintaining the benefits of psycho-educational programs have received little attention in caregiving research . were offered a booster session following participation in a program entitled Learning to Become a Family Caregiver ( LBFC ) intended to facilitate transition to the caregiver role after diagnostic disclosure of dementia in a relative . 90-minute booster session served to review program content and afforded the opportunity to discuss and practice learned skills . study sought to test the efficacy of the booster session in maintaining or recovering program effects at six months post-program . in the program were randomly assigned to a group that received the booster session ( n = 31 ) or a group that did not ( n = 29 ) . third control group was also formed , which continued to receive only the usual care provided in memory clinics . participants - French-speaking primary caregivers of a relative diagnosed with Alzheimer 's in the past nine months - were recruited in memory clinics in Quebec ( Canada ) . were blindly assessed before randomization and six months after the booster session on outcomes associated with a healthy role transition . analyses revealed one significant positive effect of the booster session : emergence of preparedness to provide care . , with or without the booster session , the program continued to have a positive effect on psychological distress and contributed to the emergence of self-efficacy in dealing with caregiving situations . booster session had no significant effect on knowledge of services , planning for future care needs , use of reframing as a coping strategy , perceived informal support , and family conflicts . limited effect observed is discussed in terms of the booster session 's content and intensity . are made for designing future research on the effect of booster sessions , including the importance of including a placebo booster group ."
511,Abstract #511,"atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is a common complication of cardiac surgery that is associated with an increased incidence of other complications . goal of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the effect of ultra-low dose landiolol hydrochloride for prevention of AF after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) . subjects were 47 patients who underwent isolated CABG and were randomly divided into those who received landiolol from ICU admission until the beginning of oral drug intake ( Group L ) and those administered diltiazem hydrochloride over the same period ( Group D ) . incidence of AF within one week after surgery was examined as the primary endpoint . rate , blood pressure , cardiac output , and other hemodynamic parameters were used as secondary endpoints . rates of adverse events were also recorded . incidences of AF in the first postoperative week were 4.8 % and 27 % in Groups L and D , respectively ( p = 0.046 ) . were no differences in hemodynamic parameters between the Groups . multivariate analysis , no factor emerged as a significant risk factor for postoperative AF . patients had adverse events of asthma and hypotension , respectively , in Group L. dose landiolol is effective for preventing AF after CABG without worsening hemodynamics ."
512,Abstract #512,"attempt has been made to prospectively compare the results of two laparoscopic pyeloplasties : Dismembered Anderson-Hynes ( A-H ) plasty and nondismembered Y-V plasty . following the procedures have been studied as well . patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction ( UPJO ) were prospectively selected at random to undergo dismembered A-H ( 25 patients-even numbers ) and nondismembered Y-V ( 25 patients-odd numbers ) laparoscopic pyeloplasty . was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasonography , excretory urography , and diuretic renography ( DR ) . intensity of pain was assessed according to a visual analog pain scale ( VAS ) . was defined by three factors taken collectively : 80 % or greater pain relief in comparison with the preoperative VAS score , no obstruction on DR ( decreasing renographic excretion curve , T ( 1/2 ) < 12 min ) , and improved or stable differential renal function . mean follow-up was 26.2 months for the A-H group and 26.6 months for Y-V group ( P = 0.865 ) . groups were comparable in terms of preoperative data , except for the presence of the crossing vessel , which was more often observed in the Y-V group . statistically significant differences between the studied groups were found in operative times , morbidity , and hospitalization length . success rate in the A-H group was 95 % and 86 % in the Y-V group , the difference being not statistically significant . A-H pyeloplasty achieved a higher success rate then Y-V pyeloplasty ; however , the difference was not statistically significant ."
513,Abstract #513,"study the pharmacokinetics and accumulation of deramciclane and its metabolite N-desmethylderamciclane after 60 mg twice daily doses for 4 weeks . healthy male subjects , age range of 20-29 years , participated in this randomized , double-blind , parallel-group , placebo-controlled study . subjects first received a single 60 mg dose of deramciclane followed by 60 mg deramciclane b.i.d. between days 4 and 31 . subjects received matching placebo in a similar manner . of deramciclane and N-desmethylderamciclane were determined on days 1 , 10 , 17 , 24 and 31 . prolactin concentrations were measured before drug administration and 4 hours after on the same days . was monitored using repeat laboratory determinations and ECG recordings . mean ( SD ) AUC ( 0-infinity ) of deramciclane was 1,251 ( 385 ) ng x h/ml after the first dose . AUC ( tau ) calculated for the dosing interval was significantly higher at week 1 ( p = 0.048 ) than the AUC ( 0-infinity ) after the first dose but thereafter there was no further accumulation of deramciclane . mean accumulation indices at weeks 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 varied between 2.3 and 2.7 with no tendency to increase over time . mean apparent elimination half-life of deramciclane was 24.9 ( 3.5 ) hours after the first dose and 29.3 ( 9.3 ) hours after 4-week repeated dosing ; this difference was not statistically significant . accumulation index of N-desmethylderamciclane increased from week 1 to week 2 but remained stable thereafter . treatment was well tolerated . prolactin levels were not influenced by deramciclane administration . administration , 60 mg twice daily for 4 weeks to healthy male volunteers , is well tolerated , and there is no evidence of continuous accumulation of the drug during maintenance treatment . at a dose of 60 mg b.i.d. does not antagonize dopamine receptors to a significant degree ."
514,Abstract #514,"evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of dental implant placed using osteotome sinus floor elevation ( OSFE ) with and without simultaneous grafting . patients were randomly assigned into two groups : Group1 : OSFE with deproteinized bovine bone mineral ( DBBM ) mixed with autogenous bone chips , and Group2 : OSFE without grafting . endo-sinus bone gain ( ESBG ) was assessed on radiographs at 6 , 12 , 24 , 36months following surgery as primary outcome measurement . survivals and marginal bone loss ( MBL ) were assessed as secondary outcome measurements . implants in Group1 and 20 implants in Group2 were analysed . residual bone height ( RBH ) was 4.631.31 mm in average ( 4.671.18 mm for Group1 and 4.581.47 mm for Group2 ) . 3-year cumulative survival rates of implants were 95.2 % for Group1 and 95.0 % for Group2 . ESBG in Group1 reduced from 5.660.99 mm at 6months to 3.171.95 mm at 36months , whereas the ESBG in Group2 increased from 2.061.01 mm at 6months to 3.071.68 mm at 36months . MBL after 3years was 1.330.46 mm in Group1 and 1.380.23 mm in Group2 . and simultaneous implant installation with and without grafting both resulted in predictable results . application of grafting materials has no significant advantage in terms of clinical success ."
515,Abstract #515,"toxin A ( BTX-A ) is an inhibitor of muscular contractions in both striated and smooth muscle . purpose of this study was to observe the safety and efficacy of endoscopic injections of BTX-A into the gastric wall in obese patients . obese patients ( BMI > 28 kg/m2 ) were randomized into two groups : Group 1 ( 200 U BTX-A ) and Group 2 ( 300 U BTX-A ) . each patient , 20 puncture sites were selected into the gastric wall . weights and BMIs were recorded and gastric emptying times were determined before treatment and 1 , 4 and 12 weeks after treatment . samples for cholesterol , triglycerides , insulin , leptin , motilin , peptide tyrosine ( PYY ) and ghrelin levels were obtained before treatment and 1 , 4 and 12 weeks after treatment . patients completed the follow-up . groups showed significant body weight and BMI decrease ( p < 0.05 ) with decreased TG levels . gastric emptying times were longer than those before treatment in both groups , especially at the 1-week point ( p < 0.05 ) . significant decrease in fasting ghrelin levels in all 19 obese patients was found after BTX-A administration 4 weeks later , and PYY levels in all 19 patients decreased , especially at the 12-week point . severe complications were observed . multi-punctures of BTX-A including fundic injections may decrease body weight and BMI by delaying the gastric emptying time . effect of BTX-A on ghrelin levels may also be involved in the reduction of appetite ."
516,Abstract #516,"is effective in improving signs and symptoms of joint/skin involvement , functional status , and quality of life in patients with psoriatic arthritis ( PsA ) . IMPACT trial data , we assessed the effect of infliximab ( IFX ) on structural damage in PsA . with active PsA were randomly assigned to receive placebo ( PBO/IFX ) or infliximab 5 mg/kg ( IFX/IFX ) at weeks 0 , 2 , 6 , and 14 , with the primary endpoint at week 16 . PBO group received infliximab loading doses at weeks 16 , 18 , and 22 . , all patients received infliximab 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks through week 50 . radiographs were obtained at weeks 0 and 50 . radiographic scores were determined using the PsA modified van der Heijde-Sharp ( vdH-S ) score . annual rate of progression was calculated by dividing x ray score by disease duration ( years ) . reported previously , 65 % of infliximab treated patients versus 10 % of PBO treated patients achieved an ACR20 response at week 16 ( p < 0.001 ) . week 50 , 69 % of patients achieved an ACR20 response . ( baseline and week 50 ) were available for 72/104 patients . baseline , estimated mean annual rate of progression was 5.8 modified vdH-S points/year . ( median ) changes from baseline to week 50 in the total modified vdH-S score were -1.95 ( -0.50 ) for PBO/IFX and -1.52 ( -0.50 ) for IFX/IFX patients ( p = NS ) . week 50 , 85 % and 84 % of patients in the PBO/IFX and IFX/IFX groups had no worsening in the total modified vdH-S score . inhibits radiographic progression in patients with PsA through week 50 ."
517,Abstract #517,"longitudinal study was designed to assess the effect of an educational training package for primary health care teams in accident prevention for older people , with reference to the incidence of accidents and their associated economic consequence . general practices in the West Midlands serving a population of 138 397 were allocated randomly at the practice level either to receive training or continue normal practice . data was collated from the initial telephone call , reporting an accident , to the surgery , advice/treatment given at the practice and/or the community , casualty , inpatient care , written correspondence to the patient 's GP and any subsequent follow-up visits for accidents to people aged 65 years or older . thousand , six hundred and sixty-six ( 8.2 % ) patients aged 65 years or older registered with the participating practices experienced one accident or more , costing the NHS pound 1.4 million . nationally , annual costs to the NHS for accidents to older people amount to pound 568 million . educational package had no significant impact on the incidence of accidents . paucity of general safety advice was given [ 48 ( 1.8 % ) occasions ] . are being eroded and patients are suffering unnecessarily due to lack of accident prevention advice . should be considered a priority within the primary health care team . packages alone do not appear to be a cost-effective approach to accident prevention in primary care ."
518,Abstract #518,"evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal installation and periportal infiltration of bupivacaine on postoperative pain and return of bowel function . prospective , double-blind , randomized trial ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . School of Medicine , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Reproductive Endocrinology Unit . patients undergoing operative gynecologic laparoscopy . infiltration of local anesthesia with 10 mL 0.5 % bupivacaine before incision and another 20 mL 0.5 % bupivacaine diluted with 20 mL of saline or equal amount of physiologic saline injected into the peritoneal cavity at the end of the procedure . patient recorded the severity of her pain on a visual analog scale ( VAS ) at 1 , 6 , 18 , and 24 hours and the time of first bowel movement and first flatus after surgery . patients completed the study ( 38 in the bupivacaine group ; 39 in the control group ) . severity of postoperative pain , as recorded on the VAS , was significantly less at 1 , 6 , 18 , and 24 hours after surgery in the group receiving bupivacaine compared with those in the control group . first bowel movement in the bupivacaine group occurred earlier than in the control group ( 284.80 + / - 31.62 min vs 453.23 + / - 33.08 min , p < .001 ) ; similarly , the first flatus occurred earlier in the bupivacaine group than in the control group ( 466.2 + / - 29.59 min vs 658.80 + / - 40.92 min p < .001 ) . installation and periportal infiltration of bupivacaine decrease postoperative pain and hasten the return of bowel function . decreased postoperative pain and shortened duration for the return of bowel function are crucial for comfort and discharge of the patient ."
519,Abstract #519,"platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor abciximab , a monoclonal antibody , has been shown to improve early and late outcomes among diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . is unknown whether small-molecule agents confer similar benefits . 18 countries , 4809 patients undergoing PCI with stent implantation were randomized to tirofiban or abciximab . the time of enrollment , patients were stratified according to diabetes status . compared with non-diabetic patients , patients with diabetes ( n = 1117 ) showed similar 30-day ischemic outcomes , an increased incidence of any target vessel revascularization ( TVR ) at 6 months ( 10.3 % versus 7.8 % ; P = 0.008 ) , and a trend toward higher 1-year mortality ( 2.5 % versus 1.6 % ; P = 0.056 ) . diabetic patients randomized to tirofiban ( n = 560 ) , the incidence of death , myocardial infarction ( MI ) , or urgent TVR at 30 days was 6.2 % , and among those randomized to abciximab ( n = 557 ) it was 5.4 % ( hazard ratio [ HR ] 1.16 ; P = 0.540 ) . 6 months , the composite of death , MI , or any TVR occurred in 15.7 % and in 16.9 % of tirofiban and abciximab patients , respectively ( HR 0.93 ; P = 0.610 ) . TVR occurred in 9.5 % and 11.1 % , respectively ( HR 0.84 ; P = 0.366 ) . 1-year mortality was 2.1 % in the tirofiban group and 2.9 % in the abciximab group ( HR 0.74 ; P = 0.436 ) . diabetic patients undergoing PCI , tirofiban and abciximab were associated with comparable event rates , including similar rates of 6-month TVR and 1-year mortality . findings suggest that the non-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa properties of abciximab do not translate into a discernible long-term clinical benefit among diabetic patients ."
520,Abstract #520,"physical activity ( PA ) levels of many children and adolescents in Australia are currently insufficient to promote health benefits . education ( PE ) programs aim to promote PA and reach nearly all school-aged children , but PA levels within PE lessons are often low . teachers may influence children 's motivation to be physically active in PE lessons , but little is known about teacher strategies that effectively motivate children to participate in PA , and few intervention studies have examined motivational strategies in PE . purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three motivational strategies , each based on Self-Determination Theory ( SDT ) , on PA levels , and their hypothesized antecedents , during year 8 PE lessons . study employed a cluster-randomized controlled trial design . a familiarization session , PA levels and hypothesized PA antecedents were measured during a baseline lesson and a post-intervention or control lesson . ( n = 16 ) and their classes from five secondary schools in Sydney , Australia were randomly assigned into four blocks and instructed to provide one of four 20-min lesson teaching strategy conditions : ( 1 ) explaining the relevance of activities ; ( 2 ) providing choice from PA options selected by the teacher ; ( 3 ) providing equipment and free choice of activities ; or ( 4 ) usual practice . primary outcomes were lesson time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA , and motivation towards the lesson . outcomes were perceptions of teacher behavior , psychological needs satisfaction , and lesson time spent in sedentary behavior . and sedentary behavior were measured during baseline and post-intervention lessons with waist-mounted Actigraph GT3X accelerometers . behavior , psychological needs satisfaction , and motivation were assessed via questionnaires at the end of each lesson . mixed-model analyses will be run on all outcomes , with students nested within teachers as a random effect . findings will inform the development of effective SDT-based teaching strategy interventions to enhance students ' psychological needs satisfaction , motivation , and PA levels . effective teaching strategies may be identified that are capable of improving adolescents ' PA levels , and thereby provide beneficial population health outcomes . trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials and is traceable as ISRCTN07038258 ."
521,Abstract #521,". verify the sensibility of panic patients to a mixture of 35 % CO2 and 65 % O2 .2 . determine if a ten days treatment with clonazepam attenuates the panic attacks induced by the inhalation of 35 % carbon dioxide in panic disorder . randomly selected six panic disorder subjects , using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV . subjects went double-blindly through an inhalation of 35 % CO2 and compressed gas ( atmospheric air ) on two occasions . , at baseline , when they were drug free . , after a 10 days clonazepam treatment . at baseline nor after treatment any patient had a panic attack during compressed gas inhalation . the first test five patients ( 83.3 % ) had a severe panic attack with high levels of subjective anxiety during carbon dioxide inhalation . 9.6 ( + / - 3.4 ) days of clonazepam treatment , only two ( 33.3 % ) patients experienced a mild panic attack . pilot study suggests the efficacy of the short term clonazepam therapy in attenuating panic attacks and supports the usefulness of the 35 % carbon dioxide challenge test as an analogue method for study the efficacy of anti-panic drugs . placebo-controlled studies to pharmacological treatment are warranted ."
522,Abstract #522,"evaluate possible seasonal variations in myopia progression and ocular elongation in school children . children who were enrolled in a clinical trial of bifocals were examined every 6 months for 30 months . 6-month intervals ( `` winters '' ) included none of the summer vacation from school , and two intervals ( `` summers '' ) included all of the summer vacation . was evaluated , after cycloplegia with 2 drops of 1 % tropicamide , by automated refractor , and changes in axial length and in vitreous chamber depth were measured by A-scan ultrasonography . from left and right eyes were averaged because there was no evidence of a significant eye-visit interaction . of variance with a planned contrast was used to evaluate differences between the observed rates of change over the two summers compared with expected rates assuming no seasonal effect . 37 children in single-vision lenses , myopia progression rates over the two summers averaged 0.15 D compared with 0.32 D over the three winters . 34 children in bifocal glasses , summer rates averaged 0.07 D compared with 0.30 D for winters . of variance showed that seasonal effects on myopia progression were significant ( p < 0.025 ) for both groups for the first summer and approached significance for the second summer . in vitreous chamber depth were also slower during the summer , significantly so ( p < 0.01 ) for both summers in the single-vision group and for the second summer only in the bifocal group . in axial length were somewhat slower in the summer , but the effect of season reached statistical significance in that variable only for the second summer in the bifocal group ( p = 0.031 ) . progression rates were slower during the 6-month periods that included all of the summer vacation than would be expected assuming no seasonal effect . growth was also slower in the summer ; but that trend , in most cases , was statistically significant only for changes in vitreous chamber depth and not for axial length ."
523,Abstract #523,"are the most active cytostatic agents in patients with metastatic breast cancer . resistance and dose intensity are relevant issues in the treatment of cancer . randomized phase II study in 51 patients with advanced progressive metastatic breast cancer was performed . were treated with epirubicin ( EPI ) 120 mg/m2 i.v. bolus injection divided over three days combined with a daily dose of 480 mg verapamil ( VPL ) orally administered one day before and during EPI . patients received the same dose and schedule of EPI without VPL . of response was carried out after three 21-day cycles . endpoints were objective response rate and overall survival . the 24 evaluable patients treated with EPI+VPL 1 CR ( 4 % ) , 7 PR ( 29 % ) , 9 NC ( 38 % ) and 7 PD ( 29 % ) were observed . patients were excluded because of toxicity . the 24 evaluable patients treated with EPI alone 8 PR ( 28 % ) , 6 NC ( 24 % ) and 10 PD ( 40 % ) were observed , and one patient was excluded because of toxicity . was the major side effect followed by alopecia , stomatitis/mucositis and nausea . patient group treated with VPL had lower blood pressure levels during therapy , with complete normalization after discontinuation of VPL . median overall survival times were similar : 7.4 month in the EPI group and 8.9 month in the EPI+VPL group . both treatment groups the objective response rate was about 30 % and the overall survival rates were also the same . clinical relevance could be demonstrated for the hypothesized resistance modifying action of VPL . , VPL did not increase the toxicity of EPI ."
524,Abstract #524,"astronauts experience some degree of orthostatic intolerance following spaceflight , ranging from tachycardia to orthostatic hypotension and syncope . purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of two compression garments , the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 's inflatable antigravity suit ( AGS ) and the Russian Federal Space Agency 's non-inflatable compression garment ( Kentavr ) , to prevent hypovolemia-related orthostatic intolerance . mimic the plasma volume loss experienced by astronauts during spaceflight 19 healthy subjects received an intravenous dose of a diuretic , furosemide ( 0.5 mg x kg ( -1 ) ) , and then consumed a low-salt diet for 36 h. Thereafter , subjects participated in a 15-min 80 degrees head-up tilt test wearing either the AGS ( N = 9 ) or Kentavr ( N = 10 ) . garments were used in the fashion recommended by the respective agencies , delivering approximately 78 mmHg and approximately 30 mmHg of compression in the AGS and Kentavr , respectively . of presyncope and hemodynamic responses during upright tilt were compared to a separate group of hypovolemic control subjects ( N = 16 ) . wearing the AGS or Kentavr completed the full 15 min of upright tilt without incidence of orthostatic hypotension or presyncope . contrast , only 9 control subjects ( 56 % ) were able to complete the tilt test . addition , both types of compression garments maintained systolic blood pressure and significantly reduced tilt-induced tachycardia and reductions in stroke volume . both garments successfully countered hypovolemia-induced orthostatic intolerance , the Kentavr provided protection by using lower levels of compression . the optimal compression level required for protection of intolerance may improve crewmember comfort and decrease restrictions on physical activities after spaceflight ."
525,Abstract #525,"article evaluates a demonstration program that extended coverage for disease prevention/health promotion services to Medicare beneficiaries . Medicare beneficiaries who lived in five rural counties in northwest Pennsylvania were recruited between May and December 1989 . demonstration lasted 18 months and beneficiaries were followed for an additional 18 months . for the evaluation came from an initial health risk assessment , Medicare administrative records , follow-up surveys , and redeemed vouchers for the waivered services . waivered services included health screenings , influenza immunization , nutritional counseling , smoking and alcohol cessation , and depression/dementia evaluations . beneficiaries were randomized to one of two experimental groups and a control group . experimental group received the newly waived services from hospitals that received a capitated fee ; the other received services from providers who were paid fee-for-service . for most waivered services was based on risk . tests of association were used to determine if use of health promotion services and use of medical care services varied across groups . regressions were used to assess the factors associated with participation . survival analysis was used to assess whether mortality rates varied across groups . rates in the new programs varied by program and by experimental group , and ranged from 16.8 percent for smoking cessation programs to 58 percent for influenza immunization . demonstration led to an increase in influenza immunization rates relative to the control group . were no differences in the use of medical care services or health outcomes between the experimental and control groups . rural Americans will modestly increase their use of disease prevention / health promotion services if they are covered by Medicare . will be higher among those with more education . research is needed to assess long-term benefits of such programs ."
526,Abstract #526,"anesthesia is a technically challenging regional anesthetic technique that can be difficult to teach to novices . simulators are now available to allow realistic training within a safe and controlled environment before attempting the procedure on patients . , this may improve skill acquisition by novice residents . purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a high-fidelity epidural anesthesia simulator on residents ' ability to perform their first labor epidurals and on their learning curve compared with a group having training with a low-fidelity model . anesthesia residents were recruited . were randomized into 2 groups and practiced epidural needle insertion on a high-fidelity epidural simulator or on a low-fidelity model . were then repeatedly videotaped performing epidural anesthesia over a 6-month period . blinded examiners graded each session , using a previously validated Global Rating Scale and Manual Skill Checklist to judge the skill level . sessions performed by 24 residents were recorded . Skill Checklist and Global Rating Scale total scores were compared across the 2 study groups at baseline ( first epidural ) , middle ( 31-90 epidurals ) and late ( > 90 epidurals ) time points using independent-samples t tests . significant differences in scores were detected at either one of these time points . study shows that a simple model can be as useful for learning how to place an epidural catheter as an expensive anatomically correct simulator . and more technologically advanced simulators should be compared against lower fidelity models to establish their utility and cost-effectiveness ."
527,Abstract #527,"assess the effects of long-term mometasone furoate delivered via a dry powder inhaler ( MF-DPI ) on growth velocity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children with asthma . aged 4-9 years with asthma ( n = 187 ) were randomized to MF-DPI 100 g ( delivered dose ; actuated dose is 110 g ) once daily in the morning ( QD AM ) , 100 g twice daily ( BID ) , 200 g QD AM , or placebo for 52 weeks followed by a 3-month follow-up period . primary outcome was growth velocity calculated from stadiometric heights recorded at each visit . outcomes included serum and 12-h urinary cortisol , serum osteocalcin , and urinary N-telopeptide . 100 g QD AM treatment did not significantly affect growth velocity compared with placebo ( -0.10 0.31 cm/y , p = 0.76 ) . the effect of a total daily dose of 200 g MF-DPI on growth velocity was examined , no significant effect was demonstrated for MF-DPI 100 g BID compared with placebo ( -0.64 0.39 cm/y , p = 0.10 ) , although the change in mean growth velocity with MF-DPI 200 g QD AM reached statistical significance ( -0.70 0.29 cm/y , p = 0.02 ) . effects of all examined doses of MF-DPI on mean plasma cortisol levels were similar to cortisol changes seen in the placebo group , suggesting an absence of drug-related effects . differences in 12-h urinary cortisol or other outcomes were observed between groups . year of treatment with a total daily dose of 100 g of MF-DPI in the morning resulted in no significant difference , whereas a total daily dose of 200 g of MF-DPI was associated with some changes in growth velocity when compared with placebo . differences in growth velocity , and the absence of drug-related cortisol effects , support the use of a total daily dose of 100 g of MF-DPI in children aged 4-9 years with mild persistent asthma ."
528,Abstract #528,"determine the effects of hormone therapy ( HT ) on ischemia modified albumin ( IMA ) and soluble ( s ) CD40 ligand in obese surgical menopausal women . total of 52 obese surgical menopausal women with a body mass index ( BMI ) > 30 kg/m2 were admitted to the study . women received estradiol hemihydrate two mg and 25 did not receive any menopausal therapy . baseline and after three and six months of treatment , IMA and sCD40 ligand levels were measured . were no significant differences among the groups for any variables at baseline . difference in change in the serum sCD40L levels was found in obese surgical menopausal women after three and six months of HT . IMA levels were statistically lowered in obese women with HT after six months of treatment . may have a beneficial reduction in IMA levels in obese surgical menopausal women ."
529,Abstract #529,"purpose of this randomized trial was to compare the efficacy of a low-intensity exercise rehabilitation program vs a high-intensity program in changing physical function , peripheral circulation , and health-related quality of life in peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) patients limited by intermittent claudication . patients randomized to low-intensity exercise rehabilitation and 33 patients randomized to high-intensity exercise rehabilitation completed the study . 6-month exercise rehabilitation programs consisted of intermittent treadmill walking to near maximal claudication pain 3 days per week at either 40 % ( low-intensity group ) or 80 % ( high-intensity group ) of maximal exercise capacity . work performed in the two training regimens was similar by having the patients in the low-intensity group exercise for a longer duration than patients in the high-intensity group . of physical function , peripheral circulation , and health-related quality of life were obtained on each patient before and after the rehabilitation programs . the exercise rehabilitation programs , patients in the two groups had similar improvements in these measures . claudication distance increased by 109 % in the low-intensity group ( P < .01 ) and by 109 % in the high-intensity group ( P < .01 ) , and absolute claudication distance increased by 61 % ( P < 0.01 ) and 63 % ( P < .01 ) in the low-intensity and high-intensity groups , respectively . , both exercise programs elicited improvements ( P < .05 ) in peak oxygen uptake , ischemic window , and health-related quality of life . efficacy of low-intensity exercise rehabilitation is similar to high-intensity rehabilitation in improving markers of functional independence in PAD patients limited by intermittent claudication , provided that a few additional minutes of walking is accomplished to elicit a similar volume of exercise ."
530,Abstract #530,"steroids are first-line medication to control nasal polyposis ( NP ) , a disease with long-term clinical course . aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray ( FPANS ) 200 microg twice a day ( bd ) after 1 month of treatment , and to compare FPANS 200 microg bd and FPANS 200 microg once a day ( od ) in maintenance and long-term treatment . , placebo-controlled , 8-month study with three treatment periods ( 1-month acute period followed with 1-month maintenance period and 6-month follow-up period ) was carried out . 1 received FPANS 200 microg bd , during acute , maintenance and follow-up periods , Group 2 received FPANS 200 microg bd during acute period and FPANS 200 microg od during maintenance and follow-up periods , and Group 3 received placebo during acute and maintenance periods and FPANS 200 microg bd during follow-up period . were change from baseline in clinic peak nasal inspiratory flow ( PNIF ) , domiciliary evening PNIF , intensity of symptoms and polyposis grade . acute period and maintenance periods , FPANS 200 microg bd was significantly more effective than placebo on all endpoints and more effective than FPANS 200 microg od after 1-month maintenance period on clinic PNIF , evening PNIF , obstruction , percentage of days with no sense of smell and percentage of nights with no disturbances . two doses were similar on other endpoints . the 6-month follow-up period , there was no difference between the two doses of FPANS at all efficacy endpoints . safety profile of FPANS did not highlight any new or unanticipated adverse events . study demonstrated the efficacy of FPANS 200 microg bd in acute treatment and FPANS 200 microg od as a sufficient dose to maintain a long-term efficacy in the treatment for NP ."
531,Abstract #531,"viral hepatitis averages 15 % to 20 % in heart transplant patients . studies have shown that ursodiol may improve liver biochemistry in patients with chronic hepatitis . used a double-blind randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of ursodiol in heart transplant patients with chronic viral hepatitis . heart patients with chronic viral hepatitis B , C , or non-A-G received ursodiol , 800 mg per day ( group 1 ) , and 30 received placebo ( group 2 ) for 12 months . were improvement in liver biochemical tests and in total Knodell score . and per-protocol analyses were performed . entry , both groups were comparable for all of the studied parameters . the study period , serum alanine aminotransferase , aspartate aminotransferase , and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase variations were not different between group 1 and group 2 patients . score improved in 20 % of group 1 patients and in 43 % of group 2 patients ( NS ) . events or mortality were not different in the two groups during the study period . results were observed by intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses . 12-month course of ursodiol therapy had no effect on liver enzymes or liver histology in heart transplant patients with chronic hepatitis ."
532,Abstract #532,"evaluate the safety in terms of hypotensive action of nitroglycerin and lisinopril started early after myocardial infarction . thousand five hundred twenty-six patients with suspected myocardial infarction were randomized by 174 centers within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms to receive oral lisinopril ( 5 then 10 mg/day ) , nitroglycerin ( intravenous infusion during the first 24 hours , then 10 mg/day transdermal ) , or neither . blood pressure , intensively monitored during the first 72 hours , decreased sharply by 11 mm Hg during the first 2 hours , then more slowly to an average value of 120 mm Hg . lowered systolic blood pressure during the first 24 hours by 2.7 mm Hg versus control subjects , and it was similar to control subjects from 24 hours . reduced systolic blood pressure by 4.2 mm Hg over 72 hours compared with control subjects . hypotension was significantly more frequent in the lisinopril group ( 21.4 % ) than in the nitroglycerin group ( 10.9 % ) or control group ( 9.8 % ) , but absolute numbers of deaths in patients with persistent hypotension were almost identical . and nitroglycerin are both safe and effective in reducing blood pressure in the first day after myocardial infarction . , the effect is lost thereafter with transdermal nitroglycerin , but persists with lisinopril ."
533,Abstract #533,"is a novel oral fluoropyrimidine comprised of FT and two modulators , gimeracil ( CDHP ) and oteracil potassium ( Oxo ) . study investigated the food effects on the pharmacokinetics ( PK ) of Oxo , other components of S-1 , and their metabolites at different gastric pH adjusted by proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) . with and without PPI were treated with S-1 at 30 mg/m ( 2 ) twice daily orally on days 1-7 under either fed or fasting condition , and then were crossed over to fasting/fed conditions on days 15-21 with washout on days 8-14 and 22-28 . study enrolled 55 patients including 27 PK-evaluable patients . the single-dose and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics , the administration of S-1 under fed conditions resulted in decreased exposure to Oxo relative to fasting administration . was a marginal decrease in exposure to CDHP and 5-FU under fed versus fasting conditions , although FT exposure was not altered by food , which demonstrated lack of food effect . administration together with S-1 did not significantly change its bioavailability . exposure was reduced under fed compared to fasting condition . increase the bioavailability of S-1 , the administration of S-1 under fasting condition was more effective in the western countries ."
534,Abstract #534,"nausea and vomiting are observed in increased frequency after laparoscopic surgery . study was performed in order to compare the efficacy of two 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 ( 5-HT3 ) receptor antagonists , ondansetron and tropisetron , in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . a randomized , double-blind study design , 87 ASA I and II patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to receive 4 mg ondansetron ( Group A , n = 29 ) , 5 mg tropisetron ( Group B , n = 31 ) , or placebo ( Group C , n = 27 ) intravenously ( IV ) before induction of anesthesia . end points evaluated were frequency of nausea , nausea intensity rated on a scale from 1 ( mild ) to 5 ( most severe ) , frequency of vomiting , and need for rescue antiemetics . parameters were measured immediately after surgery ( 0 h ) , at 3 h , 6 h , and 12 h postoperatively . frequency of nausea was significantly higher in group A ( 31.2 % ) compared to group B ( 14 % ) at 12 h postoperatively ( p < 0.01 ) . , patients of group A had significantly lower nausea scores at 3 h postoperatively compared to group B. Postoperative vomiting occurred in 13.8 % of patients in group A and 9.6 % of patients in group B throughout the whole study period ( p = n.s. ) . need for rescue antiemetics was similar between groups A and B. Both groups were superior to placebo concerning all studied parameters . results show that ondansetron may be more effective in controlling nausea intensity during the first 3 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy , while tropisetron has a longer-acting activity , with a major impact on nausea frequency at 12 h postoperatively ."
535,Abstract #535,"evaluate the safety and efficacy of two different regimens of mitomycin-C ( MMC ) application as adjunctive chemotherapy in the treatment of pterygia . hundred fifty-six patients underwent pterygium excision using the bare sclera technique . were randomly assigned to have either 0.1 mg/ml of MMC applied to the bare sclera for 3 minutes intraoperatively , or 0.05-mg / ml drops applied topically for 2 weeks postoperatively . mean follow-up period was 11 months ( range 7 to 17 ) . with the intraoperative MMC included 5 cases of recurrence ( 5.75 % ) , 2 cases of superficial punctate keratitis ( SPK ) , and 3 cases of delayed conjunctival wound healing . MMC led to 6 cases of recurrence ( 6.9 % ) , 5 cases of SPK , 4 cases of delayed conjunctival wound healing , and 2 cases of mild iritis . single , intraoperative application of MMC is a simple , effective alternative adjunctive treatment for pterygium ."
536,Abstract #536,"examine the changes in slow ( 8-10Hz ) and fast ( 10-12Hz ) alpha bands of EEG in three groups of subjects submitted to different amounts of functional electrostimulation ( FES ) . hypothesis is that different amounts of electrostimulation may cause different patterns of activation in the sensorimotor cortex . particular , we expect to see an increase in alpha power due to habituation effects . examine the two bands comprised by alpha rhythm ( i.e. , slow and fast alpha ) , since these two sub-rhythms are related to distinct aspects : general energy demands and specific motor aspects , respectively . sample was composed of 27 students , both sexes , aging between 25 and 40 years old . subjects were randomly distributed in three groups : control ( n = 9 ) , G24 ( n = 9 ) and G36 ( n = 9 ) . FES equipment ( Neuro Compact-2462 ) was used to stimulate the right index finger extension . , the electroencephalographic signal was acquired . investigated the absolute power in slow and fast alpha bands in the sensorimotor cortex . G36 indicated a significant increasing in absolute power values in lower and higher alpha components , respectively , when compared with the control group . , in the following regions : pre-motor cortex and primary motor cortex . seems to promote cortical adaptations that are similar to those observed when someone learns a procedural task . application in the G36 was more effective in promoting such neural changes . lower and higher components of alpha rhythms behave differently in their topographical distribution during FES application . results suggest a somatotopic organization in primary motor cortex which can be represented by the fast alpha component ."
537,Abstract #537,"mild perioperative hypothermia is associated with several severe adverse effects . heating has possible advantages compared with other active warming systems because it can heat several fields independently . assess this new warming system , we measured core temperature in patients during surgery who were warmed with circulating water mattresses , forced air covers or resistive heating covers . patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to ( i ) circulating water mattress ( 38 degrees C ) , ( ii ) forced air warming ( set to ` medium ' ) or ( iii ) carbon-fibre resistive warming ( 38 degrees C ) . was applied throughout anaesthesia and surgery . groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests . factors were similar among the groups . temperatures in each group decreased for 20 min , but subsequently increased in the forced air and resistive heating groups . was no significant difference between the forced air and resistive heating groups at any time . contrast , core temperature in the circulating water group continued to decrease . , core temperature in the circulating water group was significantly lower than in the other groups 30 min after anaesthetic induction and at later times . heating maintains core body temperature as well as forced air heating and both are better than circulating water . heating offers the advantage of adjustable heating pods ."
538,Abstract #538,"select the best solution of immediate analgesia of migraine treated with acupuncture . 36 cases of migraine in attack stage as research objects , by means of orthogonal experimental design , applying the L9 ( 3 ( 4 ) ) orthogonal table , the therapeutic effect of immediate analgesia of acupuncture for migraine in attack stage was analyzed in four factors , which were effective acupoints combination , electroacupuncture therapy , auricular therapy and bloodletting therapy , and three levels of each factors . the test procession , random approaches ( stratified random and central random ) and blinding experiment ( the appraiser blind ) were used . time points of observation were before treatment , and 10 , 20 minutes after treatment . Analogue Scale ( VAS ) was used to evaluate therapeutic effect . with the headache before treatment , at the time points of 10 and 20 minutes after treatment , the best solution for headache relief was needling therapy ( local and distal points and points selection according to the differentiation ) , auricular electroacupuncture therapy and bloodletting at Taiyang Zimai ( Extra ) or Taiyang ( EX-HN 5 ) and Ashi points . the attack stage of migraine , by the therapy combined with puncture on local and distal points and the points according to the differentiation , auricular electroacupuncture and bloodletting at Taiyang Zimai or Taiyang ( EX-HN 5 ) and Ashi points , the favorable effects of immediate analgesia are received ."
539,Abstract #539,"to the well-established stimulating catheter technique , the use of ultrasound guidance alone for interscalene perineural catheter insertion is a recent development and has not yet been examined in a randomized fashion . hypothesized that an ultrasound-guided technique would require less time and produce equivalent results compared to electrical stimulation ( ES ) when trainees attempt interscalene perineural catheter placement . , patients receiving an interscalene perineural catheter for shoulder surgery were randomly assigned to an insertion protocol using either ultrasound guidance with a nonstimulating catheter or ES with a stimulating catheter . primary outcome was the procedural duration ( in minutes ) , starting when the ultrasound probe ( ultrasound group ) or catheter insertion needle ( ES group ) first touched the patient and ending when the catheter insertion needle was removed after catheter insertion . ultrasound-guided catheters ( n = 20 ) were placed successfully and resulted in surgical anesthesia versus 85 % of ES-guided catheters ( n = 20 ; P = .231 ) . catheters placed by ultrasound ( n = 20 ) took a median ( 10th-90th percentiles ) of 8.0 ( 5.0-15 .5 ) minutes compared to 14.0 ( 5.0-30 .0 ) minutes for ES ( n = 20 ; P = .022 ) . catheters placed according to the protocol in both treatment groups resulted in a successful nerve block ; however , 1 patient in the ES group had local anesthetic spread to the epidural space . was 1 vascular puncture using ultrasound guidance compared to 5 in the ES-guided catheter group ( P = .182 ) . using a new ultrasound-guided technique can place inter-scalene perineural catheters in less time compared to a well-documented technique using ES with a stimulating catheter and can produce equivalent results ."
540,Abstract #540,"some patients with chronic stable angina the beneficial effects of nitrates may result not only from a reduction in venous return , but also from their action on coronary circulation . these patients , rate-pressure product at ischemia ( RPPI ) increases to > 2500 bpm x mmHg after sublingual nitrates ( SLN ) . relative susceptibility of the venous system and the coronary circulation to the development of nitrate tolerance and the effects of two different drug schedules on the development of tolerance were investigated in patients with these characteristics . patients were treated with isosorbide-5-mononitrate ( IS5MN ) 20 bid ( 8.00 am and 3.00 pm ) for 1 week ( Group 1 ) and 5 patients with IS5MN 40 bid ( 8.00 am and 8.00 pm ) for 1 week ( Group 2 ) . was identified as the decreased effect of SLN ; the effects of nitrates were evaluated in relation to : reduction in left ventricle area ( delta LVA ) , which had been measured using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculograms in LAO 45 degrees ; this area was considered as an index of the venous return effects ; increase in RPPI ( delta RPPI ) , which had been assessed by ergometric test ; RPPI was considered an index of coronary flow reserve . of LVA and RPPI were made in wash-out at the start of the study ( delta LVA 1 and delta RPPI 1 ) and after 1 week of treatment ( delta LVA 2 and delta RPPI 2 ) . mean values of the differences were then evaluated and compared using Student 's `` t '' test . Group 1 patients delta LVA 2 and delta RPPI 2 showed values which were similar to delta LVA 1 and delta RPPI 1 ( mean value delta LVA 2 47 vs mean delta LVA 1 48.2 pixels , p = ns ; mean value delta RPPI 2 5264 vs mean delta RPPI 1 5536 bpm x mmHg , p = ns ) . results suggest that Group 1 patients did not develop tolerance either at the coronary or at the venous level . Group 2 patients , delta LVA 2 was significantly lower than delta LVA 1 ( mean delta LVA 2 18.4 vs mean delta LVA 1 54 pixels , p < 0.01 ) . finding indicated tolerance to nitrates at the venous level . the other hand , in all Group 2 patients , values of delta RPPI 2 , though lower than delta RPPI 1 ( mean delta RPPI 2 3095 vs mean delta RPPI 1 6083 bpm x mmHg , p < 0.01 ) were still higher than 2500 bpm x mmHg , indicating that the effect of nitrates at the coronary level was preserved . data suggest that in patients treated with high doses of nitrates , the effect of these drugs at the coronary level is still present when tolerance has already developed at the venous level ."
541,Abstract #541,"investigate whether red cell folate ( RCF ) levels relate to side effects , withdrawals , or disease activity during treatment with the folic acid antagonist methotrexate ( MTX ) for rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . effects were recorded monthly , RCF levels were measured by lactoglobulin binding radioassays , and 8 variables for disease activity were measured in a placebo controlled double blind trial of 28 weeks ' duration comparing efficacy of MTX ( n = 23 ) and D-penicillamine ( n = 23 ) . Week 20 RCF levels decreased only in the MTX group ( p < 0.02 ) , and 5 MTX treated patients withdrew due to side effects . had lower RCF values at Weeks 0 and 9 compared to the remaining patients ( p < 0.05 ) . deficiency evolved in 5 patients ; 2 of these developed cytopenia . in the scheduled dosage increase were related to lower pretreatment values of RCF ( p = 0.007 ) . effect scores were inversely correlated to RCF values at Weeks 0 , 9 , and 28 ( p < 0.05 ) . levels measured concomitantly with liver enzyme elevation were lower than the remaining values ( p < 0.001 ) . side effects were reported , 96 % of concomitantly measured RCF values were below 800 nmol/l . values at entry did not correlate to improvement in any variable for disease activity , or a graded overall improvement . levels decrease during MTX treatment and relate to side effects , withdrawals , liver enzyme elevations and aberrant MTX dosage increase , but not to the therapeutic effect . above 800 nmol/l protects against side effects ."
542,Abstract #542,"examine whether frequent written feedback to faculty would improve their teaching in clinical settings . pediatrics faculty at the Medical College of Wisconsin participated in 1987 and 1988 in a prospective randomized trial of feedback about clinical teaching . a six-month baseline period all the faculty were rated on ten teaching traits by residents and students using a seven-point Likert scale ; evaluation summaries were placed in the teaching folders of the faculty . a 12-month treatment period , 21 faculty were randomly selected to be given directed feedback every two months in the form of mailed computer-generated summaries that contained the most recent and cumulative mean ratings for the individual faculty member and the department , as well as written comments . ratings were compared within the feedback and control groups and between the two groups by using two-tailed paired t-tests and Student 's t-tests , respectively . faculty receiving feedback showed significantly increased ratings over time for the traits of knowledge ( p = .025 ) , demonstrates skill ( s ) ( p = .001 ) , provides feedback to trainee ( p = .006 ) , and sets reasonable expectations ( p = .03 ) . faculty receiving feedback had an average increase in ratings across all ten traits that was significantly greater than the average increase of their control-group peers ( p < .05 ) . in the feedback group who had received mean ratings for overall teaching effectiveness that were below the department mean at baseline showed the greatest improvement by the end of the treatment period ( p < .05 ) . provision of written feedback improved the ratings of teaching effectiveness , especially among the faculty who had been rated below average ."
543,Abstract #543,"randomized , single-dose , double-blind , Phase III study was designed to compare the level of procedural pain after use of premixed equimolar mixture of 50 % oxygen and nitrous oxide ( EMONO ) or placebo ( premixed 50 % nitrogen and oxygen ) . aged 1 to 18 years were randomly assigned to receive EMONO ( n = 52 ) or placebo ( n = 48 ) delivered by inhalation through a facial mask 3 minutes before cutaneous , muscle , or bone/joint procedures . was evaluated ( on a scale from 0-10 ) using a self-reported Faces Pain Scale-Revised ( FPS-R ) or a Spanish observational pain scale ( LLANTO ) . analgesia ( with propofol or sevoflurane ) was administered if pain scores were greater than or equal to 8 . , acceptance , ease of use and safety were evaluated by the attending nurse . were significant differences between the 2 groups ( EMONO versus placebo ) for both scales ( mean values ) : LLANTO : 3.5 vs 6.7 , respectively ( P = .01 ) and FPS-R : 3.2 vs 6.6 , respectively ( P = .0003 ) . not receiving EMONO ( P = .0208 ) - in particular those aged younger than 3 years ( P < .0001 ) - required more rescue analgesia . were also significant differences between the 2 groups ( EMONO versus placebo ) for adequate collaboration ( 80 % vs 35 % ; P < .0001 ) and acceptance ( 73 % vs 25 % ; P < .0001 ) . of use was not significantly different between groups ( 98.1 % vs 95.8 % ; P > .05 ) . 2 patients ( in the EMONO group ) presented with mild adverse events . inhalation was well tolerated and had an estimated analgesic potency of 50 % , and it is therefore suitable for minor pediatric procedures ."
544,Abstract #544,"authors conducted a prospective , comparative clinical trial for the purpose of additional effect of lipoprostaglandin E 1 ( lipo-PGE 1 ) on sudden hearing loss . the approval of the institute ethics committee , a total of 128 consecutive patients with diagnoses of sudden hearing loss were included in the study . patients in the lipo-PGE 1 group received continuous infusion of 10 microL lipo-PGE 1 and 48 mg methylprednisolone for 5 days , and the patient in the control group were treated with only 48 mg methylprednisolone . total recovery rate after the treatment was 67.2 % . were 70.5 % recovery rate in lipo-PGE 1 group and 60.5 % recovery rate in control group . , no significant differences were observed in the improvements of pure tone average and subjective symptoms between the lipo-PGE 1 and control groups . results failed to prove a beneficial effect of lipo-PGE 1 in the treatment of sudden hearing loss in spite of its higher cure rate ."
545,Abstract #545,"study was designed to assess efficacy and safety of paliperidone extended-release ( ER ) in patients with schizoaffective disorder . randomized , 6-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was conducted . with a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder , Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) total score > or = 60 , score > or = 4 on > or = 2 PANSS items ( hostility , excitement , tension , uncooperativeness , poor impulse control ) , and Young Mania Rating Scale and/or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale , 21-item version scores > or = 16 were eligible . received higher-dose ( 12 mg/d ) or lower-dose ( 6 mg/d ) paliperidone ER . adjustments by 3-mg increments were allowed until day 15 . study was conducted from October 2006 through February 2008 . total of 316 subjects were randomly assigned to paliperidone ER lower dose ( n = 109 ) , higher dose ( n = 100 ) , or placebo ( n = 107 ) . + / - SD modal dose in lower - and higher-dose groups : 5.7 + / - 0.9 and 11.6 + / - 1.0 mg/d , respectively . + / - SE PANSS total score ( primary outcome ) improved significantly with higher-dose paliperidone ER versus placebo ( -32.4 + / - 2.1 versus -24.1 + / - 2.1 ; P = .003 ) . with lower-dose paliperidone ER ( -27.7 + / - 2.1 ) was not significantly different from placebo ( P = .187 ) . new safety issues were identified ; common adverse events were headache ( placebo : 16.8 % ; paliperidone ER : lower dose , 13.9 % , higher dose , 13.3 % ) and tremor ( 3.7 % , 12.0 % , 11.2 % , respectively ) . prolactin and weight changes were greater with active treatment than placebo . paliperidone ER was effective and well tolerated in patients with acute schizoaffective disorder . findings and those from a companion study constitute the first registration program for antipsychotic treatment in schizoaffective disorder . Identifier : NCT00397033 ."
546,Abstract #546,"the 4-year UPLIFT trial , tiotropium improved lung function and health-related quality of life and decreased exacerbations compared with usual respiratory medications except inhaled anticholinergics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . and its causes was a secondary endpoint in UPLIFT . describe the effect of tiotropium on survival and analyze differences between mortality during treatment and during follow-up of discontinued patients . study involved a randomized , double-blind trial comparing tiotropium with placebo in patients with COPD ( > or = 40 yr of age ; postbronchodilator FEV ( 1 ) < or = 70 % ; FEV ( 1 ) / FVC < or = 70 % ) . was evaluated during treatment and with follow-up of discontinued patients . of death was adjudicated by an endpoint committee . total of 5,993 patients were randomized , 3,006 to placebo and 2,987 to tiotropium . patients were receiving treatment , there were 792 deaths , with a lower risk in the tiotropium group ( hazard ratio , 0.84 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.73-0 .97 ) . significance was observed at the end of the protocol-defined treatment period ( P = 0.034 ) but not 30 days thereafter ( P = 0.086 ) . by GOLD stage , sex , age , baseline smoking behavior , and baseline respiratory medications subgroups did not alter the results of the analysis . most common causes of death adjudicated by an independent end-point committee were lower respiratory , cancer , general disorders , and cardiac disorders . hazard ratios for lower respiratory and cardiac mortality during treatment were 0.86 ( 95 % CI , 0.68-1 .09 ) and 0.86 ( 95 % CI , 0.75-0 .99 ) , respectively . with tiotropium over 4 years is associated with decreased mortality , with the effect being most prominent in the cardiac and respiratory systems ."
547,Abstract #547,"evaluate the effect of early exercise therapy on the natural killer cell cytotoxic activity ( NKCA ) of patients who had undergone curative resection of stomach cancer . study . stomach cancer patients who had undergone curative surgery were randomly divided into an exercise group ( n = 17 ) and a control group ( n = 18 ) . postoperative day 2 , moderated exercise using arm and bicycle ergometers performed twice a day , 5 times a week , for 14 days . intensity of exercise was 60 % of maximal heart rate . blood samples were obtained on postoperative days 1 , 7 , and 14 . sequential change of NKCA . mean sequential change of NKCA decreased until postoperative day 7 and then increased . NKCA of day 7 decreased in both groups , compared with that at postoperative day 1 . day 14 , the mean NKCA of the exercise group demonstrated a significant increase compared with that of the control group ( p < .05 ) . study suggests that early moderate exercise has a beneficial effect on the function of in vitro NK cells in stomach cancer patients after curative surgery ."
548,Abstract #548,"study was undertaken to compare the sleep profiles of healthy infants in swaddling and sleeping bag conditions . of 85 healthy infants ( 40 in the study group , 45 in the control group ) with a mean age of 7.5 weeks were recorded in the sleeping laboratory . positive decision from the local Ethics Committee and the written consent of the parents were obtained for the study . significantly reduces the rate of spontaneous waking ( events/h : 1.39 [ 0.85-2 .77 ] vs. 2.81 [ 1.49-4 .53 ] , P = 0.020 ) and the number of sleep stage changes ( events/h : 3.82 [ 2.97-5 .16 ] vs. 5.37 [ 3.58-6 .67 ] , P = 0.015 ) . promotes quiet sleep ( 36.37 % [ 29 % -40.31 % ] vs. 30.2 % [ 24.45 % -36.78 % ] , P = 0.032 ) , the time spent awake was decreased ( 8.98 % [ 4.62 % -14.25 % ] vs. 14.17 % [ 9.2 % -18.94 % ] , P = 0.001 ) and sleep efficiency was increased ( 91.02 % [ 85.75 % -95.38 % ] vs. 85.83 % [ 81.06 % -90.8 % ] , P = 0.001 ) . promotes a more quiet sleep in infants ."
549,Abstract #549,"investigate the influence of coping style on interference caused by a variety of common post-treatment symptoms after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . ; secondary analysis of data from the original study that examined health-related quality-of-life variables ( e.g. , depression , well-being ) in adult patients treated with conventional bone marrow transplantation or depleted T-cell bone marrow transplantation . university medical centers in the United States . adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . were assessed via telephone-based interviews for coping style at baseline and for symptom interference in daily living six months post-treatment . style and symptom interference . age nor gender predicted symptom interference , with the exception of chronic graft-versus-host disease , where older patients experienced more interference at six months , and breathing symptoms , for which women experienced more interference than men at six months . coping style at baseline predicted increased interference from symptoms , but emotion-focused and instrumental coping styles did not predict decreased interference . generalized avoidant coping style before treatment increased interference from common cancer symptoms six months after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . intervention to teach alternate coping strategies should be implemented prior to treatment and tested for prevention of symptom-related life interference ."
550,Abstract #550,"is evidence that high-protein foods increase satiety and may aid weight loss , yet little is known of differential effects of protein composition . aim of the study was to compare the acute effects of 4 whey proteins on satiety and food intake and to evaluate possible relationships with postprandial serum amino acid concentrations . high-protein shakes ( 1 MJ ) containing 25 g whey protein were given to 18 lean male participants using a crossover design . protein fractions identified as satiating in a rat model , glycomacropeptide ( GMP ) , beta-lactoglobulin ( - lac ) , and colostrum whey protein concentrate ( WPC ) , were compared with a WPC control . standardized 2.5 MJ breakfast was given at 0830 hours , followed by the preload beverages at 1130 hours . rated appetite sensations using visual analogue scales ( VAS ) prior to the beverage ( baseline , 0 minutes ) and then at 15 , 30 , 45 , 60 , 90 , 150 , and 210 minutes . and macronutrient intake was measured by covert weighing of an ad libitum lunch meal at 90 minutes . blood samples were collected via venous cannulation . amino acid ( a.a. ) concentrations differed between whey fractions ( p = 0.012 ) and were higher following GMP compared to - lac ( p = 0.051 ) and colostrum WPC ( p = 0.044 ) but not the WPC control ( p = 0.20 ) . was no difference in VAS-rated hunger , satisfaction , or thoughts of food between whey fractions , but fullness did differ ( p = 0.032 ) and was highest following the - lac beverage . intake was not suppressed relative to control by any of the 3 whey fractions . conclude that total serum a.a. concentration was a poor indicator of satiety , with little evidence of differential satiety between these whey proteins other than a modest enhancement of fullness by - lac ."
551,Abstract #551,"objective was to assess for the relationship between timing of clinical improvement and resolution of depressive symptoms during the treatment of major depressive disorder ( MDD ) . MDD outpatients who responded following a 12-week , double-blind study comparing Hypericum perforatum , fluoxetine or placebo were included in the analysis . of clinical improvement was defined as a 25 % decrease in 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale ( HDRS-17 ) scores that was not followed by a subsequent worsening of symptoms . for baseline symptom severity , we then assessed for the relationship between timing of clinical improvement and depressive symptom severity at endpoint . responders , earlier clinical improvement predicted lower HDRS-17 scores at week 12 ( p = 0013 ) . was also true of responders who received active treatment ( n = 29 , p = 0.0113 ) but not placebo responders ( n = 10 ; p > 0.05 ) . , patients with an early onset of clinical improvement ( occurring during the first 2 weeks ) had lower week 12 HDRS-17 scores than patients with a late onset of clinical improvement ( p = 0.0404 ) . the present work , earlier as well as early clinical improvement during treatment is predictive of greater symptom resolution at endpoint among responders . was replicated among patients who received active treatment ( either hypericum or fluoxetine ) but not placebo ."
552,Abstract #552,"response to antidepressant therapy is desirable and may be particularly critical in elderly patients with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) . are based on post-hoc analyses from a double-blind trial of elderly patients with MDD > or = 65 years , randomly assigned 2:1 to duloxetine 60 mg QD ( N = 207 ) or placebo ( N = 104 ) for 8 weeks . and pain measures included the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) , 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD17 ) , CGI-Severity , and Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) for overall pain . time to response and remission for duloxetine compared with placebo was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards ( PH ) modeling , Kaplan-Meier estimation , and categorical repeated measures analysis . improvements of estimated HAMD17 response and remission rates for duloxetine started at week 2 ( P = 0.022 and P = 0.033 , respectively ) . to HAMD17 response and remission were significantly shorter for duloxetine versus placebo ( P 0.10 for all PH treatment-by-age interactions ) . placebo-referenced duloxetine HR for time to 50 % reduction in overall pain was 1.75 ( P = 0.024 ) for patients with moderate to severe pain . demonstrated a faster time to antidepressant response and improvement in self-reported pain as compared with placebo . TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER FOR THIS STUDY : NCT00062673 , at www.clinicaltrials.gov ."
553,Abstract #553,"probiotic strains have been shown to enhance human resistance to infectious disease . is speculated that these strains may impose this effect by excretion of anti-microbial components , by competing with pathogens for intestinal nutrients and/or mucosal adhesion sites or modulating the immune system . parallel , double-blind , placebo-controlled 4-week intervention was performed in healthy males , to study the effect of a blend of probiotic bacteria ( Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell-52 , Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11 , Bifidobacterium longum ssp . Rosell-175 ) and a probiotic yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii CNCM I-1079 ) on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) challenge . outcomes studied were fecal ETEC excretion and total fecal output per day . were randomized to the probiotic ( 5 10 ( 9 ) colony-forming units ( CFUs ) ; twice daily ; n = 30 ) or placebo group ( twice daily ; n = 30 ) . 2 weeks , subjects were orally challenged with a live attenuated ETEC ( 3 10 ( 9 ) CFU ) , previously demonstrated to induce mild , short-lived symptoms of a foodborne infection . and after ETEC challenge , subjects collected 24h fecal samples . to study guidelines , stool consistency ( Bristol Stool Score ) , stool frequency , and frequency and severity of gastrointestinal ( GI ) complaints were recorded by the subjects on a Daily Record Questionnaire . challenge induced a significant increase in fecal ETEC excretion in both groups . , a statistically significant increase in fecal output was only observed in the probiotic group . challenge resulted in a decrease in the percentage of fecal dry weight , and an increase in reported Bristol Stool Score , stool frequency and GI complaints . probiotics significantly decreased the percentage of fecal dry weight . addition , ETEC increased C-reactive protein , total secretory Immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) and Immunoglobulin G Colonization Factor Antigen II . probiotics did not increase resistance to oral attenuated ETEC challenge in human subjects ."
554,Abstract #554,"dermatitis ( SD ) is a chronic mild skin disorder with high prevalence . treatment options are available , including topical antifungals and anti-inflammatories . and anti-inflammatory properties of Quassia amara have been reported . check the efficacy and safety of a topical gel with 4 % Quassia amara extract and compare it with topical 2 % ketoconazole and 1 % topical ciclopiroxolamine in the treatment of facial SD . group of 60 patients displaying facial SD were randomly distributed in 3 groups and given either a topical gel with 4 % Quassia amara extract , a topical gel with 2 % ketoconazole , or a topical gel with 1 % ciclopirox olamine for 4 weeks . severity was assessed at the start and weekly along treatment , as well as 4 weeks after the end of treatment . each selected area , severity of erythema , scaling , pruritus , and papules were scored from 0 to 3 , the sum of these values representing the score of SD on the face . evaluation was conducted at each visit . decrease in SD score with all 3 products was compared at each visit . each stage , overall improvement , safety , and tolerability were also assessed . the 60 patients , 54 ( 90 % ) completed the study . 3 therapeutic options resulted to be very effective , with a significant advantage in efficacy for 4 % Quassia extract . the other 2 drugs , the results were in line with those previously published in the literature . gel with 4 % Quassia extract represents a new , safe , and effective treatment for facial SD ."
555,Abstract #555,"authors used data from a larger study to evaluate the long-term effects of a peer advocate intervention on condom and contraceptive use among HIV-infected women and women at high risk for HIV infection . women in one study and women at high risk for HIV infection in a second study were selected from the Women and Infants Demonstration Project and assigned to a standard or an enhanced HIV prevention treatment group . enhanced intervention included support groups and one-on-one contacts with peer advocates tailored to clients ' needs . authors interviewed women at baseline and at 6 - , 12 - and 18-months , and measured changes in consistency of condom and contraceptive use and in self-efficacy and perceived advantages and disadvantages of condom and contraceptive use . HIV-infected women , the enhanced group had improved consistency in condom use , increased perceived advantages of condom use , and increased level of self-efficacy compared with the standard group . women at risk , the enhanced intervention group at six months maintained consistent condom use with a main partner and perceived more benefit of condom use compared with the standard group . differences diminished at 12 months . enhanced intervention was generally effective in the HIV + study . the at-risk study , however , intervention effects were minimal and short-lived . related to the theory , intervention design , and sample characteristics help explain these differences ."
556,Abstract #556,"objective was to compare four management strategies for heartburn : therapy with an H2-receptor antagonist ( ranitidine ) , therapy with a proton pump inhibitor ( lansoprazole ) , crossover from ranitidine to lansoprazole ( `` step-up '' therapy ) , and crossover from lansoprazole to ranitidine ( `` step-down '' therapy ) . was a controlled , double-blind , multicenter trial comprising 593 adults with heartburn , randomized to one of four groups for 20 wk . received either ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. for 20 wk , or lansoprazole 30 mg once daily for 20 wk , or ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. for 8 wk [ corrected ] followed by lansoprazole 30 mg once daily for 12 wk ( `` step-up '' ) , or lansoprazole 30 mg once daily for 8 wk followed by ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. for 12 wk ( `` step-down '' ) . measures were based on self-reports in daily diaries of 24-h heartburn severity , measured by maximum daytime and nighttime severity , and percentage of 24-h heartburn-free days measured by absence of both daytime and nighttime heartburn . heartburn severity was significantly lower ( p < 0.05 ) for lansoprazole ( 0.25 ) than the other groups ( 0.46 ranitidine , 0.44 `` step-up , '' 0.35 `` step-down '' ) . lansoprazole group had a significantly higher percentage of 24-h heartburn-free days ( median 81.4 % , p < 0.01 ) than other groups ( 66.6 , 66.9 , and 73.6 % , respectively ) . the `` step-up '' and `` step-down '' groups , heartburn was less severe , and percentages of 24-h heartburn-free days were higher during lansoprazole treatment regardless of treatment sequence . pump inhibitor treatment provides more consistent heartburn relief than an H2-receptor antagonist , or `` step-up '' or `` step-down '' therapy ."
557,Abstract #557,"study evaluated the benefits and safety of a multimodal pain control protocol , which included a periarticular injection of local anesthetics , in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty . March 2006 and March 2007 , 60 patients undergoing unilateral total hip arthroplasty were randomized to undergo either a multimodal pain control protocol or a conventional pain control protocol . following parameters were compared : the preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scales ( VAS ) , hospital stay , operative time , postoperative rehabilitation , additional painkiller consumption , and complication rates . was no difference between the groups in terms of diagnosis , age , gender , and BMI . both groups had similar VAS scores in the preoperative period and on the fifth postoperative day , there was a significant difference between the groups over the four-day period after surgery . were no differences in the hospital stay , operative time , additional painkiller consumption , or complication rate between the groups . average time for comfortable crutch ambulation was 2.8 days in the multimodal pain control protocol group and 5.3 days in the control group . multimodal pain control protocol can significantly reduce the level of postoperative pain and improve patients ' satisfaction , with no apparent risks , after total hip arthroplasty ."
558,Abstract #558,"compare cardiorespiratory and anesthesia effects of IV administered propofol and thiopental in dogs . healthy mixed-breed dogs . dog was anesthetized with isoflurane , then a thermistor catheter was inserted in the pulmonary artery . a minimum of 2.5 hours of recovery , a catheter was placed in a cephalic vein for administration of lactated Ringer 's solution and drugs . ( 8 mg/kg of body weight ) or thiopental ( 19.4 mg/kg ) was administered to each dog in a randomized crossover design study . dogs were intubated and allowed to breathe 100 % oxygen spontaneously . rate and rhythm ; systolic , diastolic , and mean arterial blood pressures ; respiratory rate ; end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration ; tidal volume ; and reflexes ( toe web pinch , palpebral response , and jaw tone ) were measured before and every 2 minutes for the first 10 minutes , then at 15 , 30 , and 60 minutes after drug administration . output was determined at 0 , 2 , 6 , 10 , 15 , 30 , and 60 minutes , and blood samples were collected at 0 , 2 , 10 , and 30 minutes . to endotracheal extubation , head lift , and ability to sit sternally and walk unaided were recorded . of 6 dogs in each group were apneic after drug administration . were decreased similarly for both anesthetic agents , but were not completely lost . to sternal position and walking unaided were significantly shorter in response to propofol . was rapid ; however , respiratory depression and apnea were major adverse effects associated with propofol and thiopental . has the advantage of inducing rapid , coordinated anesthesia recovery ."
559,Abstract #559,"evaluate the influence of the methylxanthine derivative , pentoxifylline , on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) - alpha , interleukin ( IL ) -1 , and IL-6 in prematurely delivered infants with generalized bacterial infections and to assess the effect of this immunomodulating drug on the clinical outcome in newborns with sepsis . prospective , randomized , double-blind trial . neonatal intensive therapy units in university teaching hospitals . hundred patients with sepsis admitted during a 1.5-yr period . were randomly assigned to receive pentoxifylline ( pentoxifylline group ) in a dose of 5 mg/kg/hr for 6 hrs on 6 successive days or an identically presented placebo ( placebo group ) . infants with sepsis confirmed by positive blood culture were recruited into the study . were no significant differences at randomization between the pentoxifylline and placebo groups with regard to the birth weight , gestational age , gender , Apgar score , hypotension , neutropenia , thrombocytopenia , metabolic acidosis , plasma levels of cytokines , and occurrence of shock . levels of TNF , IL-1 , and IL-6 were evaluated before and after the drug or placebo administration on the first , third , and sixth days of therapy . were determined by immunoenzymetric test EASIA ( TNF ) and Endogen Interleukin-Elisa ( IL-1 , IL-6 ) . frequency of gram-negative sepsis was similar in both groups ( 37.5 % and 36.8 % ) . significantly diminished plasma TNF levels ( p = .009 ) but had no effect on plasma IL-1 levels . plasma IL-6 levels , which were measured in the pentoxifylline group on the 6th day of the study , were significantly lower compared with respective data obtained in the placebo group . 1 of 40 infants with sepsis in the pentoxifylline group died , whereas 6 of 38 infants in the placebo group did not survive ( p = .046 ) . increased incidence of disordered peripheral circulation and metabolic acidosis ( p = .048 ) , anuria or oliguria ( p = .03 ) , disseminated intravascular coagulation ( p = .043 ) , and the occurrence of clinical symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis ( p = .025 ) was observed in the course of sepsis in infants in the placebo group . significantly affects the synthesis of TNF and IL-6 as well as reduces the mortality rate in premature infants with sepsis . dosage and schedule of drug administration in this study attenuated the severity of the clinical course of sepsis in this group of patients ."
560,Abstract #560,"of scoring systems of diagnostics of gallbladder cholesterolosis ( GBC ) on the grounds of clinical and laboratory-instrumental parameters determined in the general clinical practice . development of the scoring systems , the methods of the logistic regression ( LR ) and artificial neuron networks ( ANN ) were used . results of specially carried clinical observations of 124 patients , who had cholelithiasis with morphological confirmation of presence of GBC or chronic cholecystitis after planned cholecystectomy , were analysed . scoring systems of diagnostics of GBC have been created : the detailed scring system , subjected to 24 parameters ( 12 quantitative ones ; 12 qualitative ones ) and the diminished scring system subjected to 6 the most informative parameters ( 3 clinical ones , 3 ultrasonic signs ) . the detailed scoring system of diagnostics of GBC allowed to set a correct diagnosis in 83,8 % cases , specificity of the method was 91.80 % , sensitiveness -- 92.11 % . scoring system provides the correct diagnostics of GBC in 68 % cases , the model specificity -- 63.41 % , sensitiveness -- 63.77 % . LR and ANN allowed to evaluate the influence of individual clinical and laboratory-instrumental parameters on probability of the GBC diagnosis . scoring systems open new possibilities of the early diagnosing of this disease that enables to conduct the identical medication treatment in proper time , cut off clinical presentations and prevent the development of cholelithiasis ."
561,Abstract #561,"aim of the Antihypertensive Treatment and Lipid Profile in a North of Sweden Efficacy Evaluation study was to compare the long-term effect of the commonly used inexpensive medication with a low-dose diuretic ( hydrochlorothiazide ) , alone or in combination with a beta-adrenoceptor ( atenolol ) , with that of more modern but also more expensive antihypertensive treatment with an angiotensin-II-receptor blocker ( candesartan ) , alone or in combination with a calcium antagonist ( felodipine ) , and to do so in newly diagnosed patients with primary hypertension . objectives included comparisons of the effects on the glucose metabolism , lipoprotein metabolism , electrolytes , blood pressure , and subjective symptoms . 1-year , prospective randomized , double-blind , controlled trial . an investigator-initiated study , we included 392 patients ( mean age 55 years , 48 % men ) ; 370 patients ( 94 % ) had never been treated with antihypertensive drugs before the study . patient was lost to follow-up . treatment regimens lowered blood pressure well ( 23/13 mmHg in the hydrochlorothiazide group and 21/13 mmHg in the candesartan group ) , with a majority of patients needing two drugs . levels of both serum insulin and plasma glucose increased in the hydrochlorothiazide group in contrast to unaffected levels in the candesartan group . mellitus was diagnosed in nine patients during follow-up , in eight patients in the hydrochlorothiazide group ( 4.1 % ) and in one patient ( 0.5 % ) in the candesartan group ( P = 0.030 ) . increased and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased more in the hydrochlorothiazide group than in the candesartan group . the low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratios increased in the hydrochlorothiazide group . 12 months , 18 patients in the hydrochlorothiazide group versus five in the candesartan group had a ` metabolic syndrome ' , as defined by the World Health Organization ( P = 0.007 ) despite 1 year of active blood pressure-lowering therapy . were less ( P = 0.020 ) adverse events in the candesartan group , but no major differences in the subjective symptoms assessment profile . subject in each group had a myocardial infarction . treatment with a diuretic , if needed combined with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker , was associated with an aggravated metabolic profile ; this was not so for patients treated with an angiotensin-II-receptor blocker , if needed combined with a calcium antagonist . antihypertensive treatment strategy that costs more in the short run but has no metabolic adverse effects may have a health economic impact in the long term ."
562,Abstract #562,"investigate prospectively the feasibility and efficacy of dose escalation using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy ( 3D-CRT ) boost technique for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) in a randomised study . patients with locally recurrent NPC ( > 6 months interval from previous radical radiotherapy , no cervical lymph-node involvement and no distant metastasis ) were enrolled . included conventional external-beam radiotherapy to 54 Gy , followed by a 3D-CRT boost to the gross tumour region . were randomised to three boost dose levels : 16 Gy , 20 Gy and 24 Gy for groups I , II and III , respectively , with 12 patients in each group . boost doses were delivered in 4-Gy fractions and 3 fractions per week . follow-up was 27 months ( range 14-44 months ) . , local-recurrence-free survival rate was significantly higher ( 72 % ) for the high-dose group III than for groups I and II ( 37 % and 28 % , respectively , P = 0.047 ) . significant difference was found in the 3-year overall survival rate among the three groups ( 72 % , 59 % and 82 % for groups I , II and III , respectively ) . distant metastases rates were 17 % , 0 % and 18 % , respectively . invasion ( P = 0.017 ) and pathology ( P = 0.0006 ) correlated with overall survival . was well tolerated and no significant difference was observed among the three groups in acute and late toxicities ( grade III toxicity is minimal : 17 % , 17 % , 0 % of oral mucositis and 25 % , 17 % , 17 % of nasopharyngeal mucositis in groups I , II , III , respectively , and 8 % leukocytopenia only in group II ; no grade IV toxicity occurred in any of the groups except for a fatal bleeding in group III ) . with high-dose 3D-CRT boost technique results in high local control rate and acceptable toxicity in patients with recurrent NPC . escalation to the boost volume to 78 Gy ( 54 Gy + 24 Gy boost ) results in improved recurrence-free survival compared with lower doses ."
563,Abstract #563,"compare the efficacy and side effects of sublingual misoprostol and intravenous methylergometrine for active management of third stage of labor . hundred twenty low risk pregnant women at term with spontaneous onset of labor were included in the study . women were randomized to receive either two tablets of misoprostol ( 200 microg/tablet ) sublingually or 1 ml of methylergometrine ( 200 microg ) intravenous injection , after the delivery of the anterior shoulder of the baby . main outcome measures were : need for additional oxytocic drugs , blood loss > or = 500 ml , change in hemoglobin levels and side effects . hemorrhage as defined by hemorrhage > or = 500 ml occurred in 3.1 % of the women in the sublingual misoprostol group but none of the women in the methylergometrine group ( P > 0.05 ) . was a need for additional oxytocic drugs in 5.0 % and 8.3 % after methylergometrine and misoprostol , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . change in hemoglobin levels at 24 h postpartum were 0.8 and 0.7 gm % in methylergometrine and misoprostol group , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . the misoprostol group , 6.6 % women developed fever > or = 38 degrees C and 21.6 % had shivering while in methylergometrine group none experienced these side effects . , the incidence of other side effects like nausea , vomiting , headache and giddiness were similar in both groups . misoprostol appears to be as effective as intravenous methylergometrine in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage . , larger randomized studies are needed to advocate its routine use ."
564,Abstract #564,"compare dexmedetomidine vs. placebo with respect to the amount of additional propofol and morphine used for bispectral index-guided sedation and analgesia in mechanically ventilated , intensive care patients after surgery . , randomized , double blind , placebo-controlled , phase II clinical trial . surgical and cardiac surgical intensive care units . patients scheduled for major surgery requiring mechanical ventilation for a minimum of 6 hrs were included in the study . were assigned randomly to receive either dexmedetomidine ( loading infusion , 6.0 microg x kg ( -1 ) x hr ( -1 ) for 10 mins ; maintenance infusion , 0.1-0 .7 microg x kg ( -1 ) x hr ( -1 ) ) or placebo after intensive care unit admission . was guided by using the electroencephalographic parameter bispectral index , a new noninvasive method to estimate the level of sedation . aimed at maintaining bispectral index ranges between 60 and 70 during mechanical ventilation before starting weaning , 65 and 95 during weaning , and 85 to 95 postextubation . sedative and analgesic medication was given ( propofol and morphine ) as clinically indicated and within the previously mentioned bispectral index ranges . receiving dexmedetomidine required significantly less propofol during mechanical ventilation ( 0.87 + / - 0.21 vs. 1.52 + / - 0.30 mg x kg ( -1 ) x hr ( -1 ) ; p < .01 ) and weaning ( 0.17 + / - 0.06 vs. 0.62 + / - 0.21 mg x kg ( -1 ) x hr ( -1 ) ; p < .001 ) to maintain the target bispectral index range . study drug administration , morphine requirements for dexmedetomidine-treated patients were reduced by 58 % ( p = .05 ) . stability during weaning and after extubation was better maintained in patients receiving dexmedetomidine . reduced propofol requirements and improved hemodynamic stability during bispectral index-guided intensive care unit sedation ."
565,Abstract #565,"development of competency frameworks , such as CanMEDS , has helped define professional behavior , but programs that translate their theoretical aspects into practical learning are lacking . improve instruction of the CanMEDS framework , the University of Alberta implemented a program in which 83 first-year medical students shadowed a first-year resident for eight months . randomized trial compared participants ' attitudes and knowledge regarding CanMEDS to controls . concurrent-triangulation mixed methods design with questionnaires and interviews provided a comprehensive understanding of program experiences . reported increasing their understanding of CanMEDS and increased their acceptance of the framework 's importance and knowledge of its contents when compared to controls . also reported that their knowledge of CanMEDS had increased . considered the program to be effective for learning CanMEDS and developing professionalism , especially when paired with clinical encounters relevant to given professional roles . simple , low cost , near-peer shadowing program can be useful for teaching professional behavior ."
566,Abstract #566,"determine whether aminophylline reduced the duration of respiratory support in children admitted to intensive care with bronchiolitis . multicentre , randomised , double-blind , placebo controlled trial . intensive care units in teaching hospitals . children with severe bronchiolitis . were randomly assigned to receive an infusion of aminophylline ( 23 ) or placebo ( 22 ) . primary outcome measure was the number of hours of respiratory support required in the 120 hours after randomisation ; respiratory support was defined as either nasal continuous positive airways pressure or mechanical ventilation . trial was stopped early due to poor recruitment . support was required for a median of only 1.5 days ( interquartile range [ IQR ] , 0.4-3 .5 days ) in the aminophylline group compared with 1.9 days ( IQR , 0.3-3 .5 ) days in the placebo group . , more patients in the placebo group were receiving respiratory support at the time of randomisation and , after adjustment for this , there was no suggestion of a beneficial effect of aminophylline among the small number of patients studied ( P = 0.54 , exact log-rank test stratified by respiratory support at the time of randomisation and censored at the time of death in one child in the aminophylline group ) . enough children were recruited for the study to test the hypothesis that aminophylline reduces the need for respiratory support in severe bronchiolitis . , the role of aminophylline in the management of severe bronchiolitis remains unknown ."
567,Abstract #567,"patients with acute myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation ( STEMI ) , primary angioplasty is frequently not available or performed beyond the recommended time limit . designed a non-inferiority , randomized , controlled study to evaluate whether lytic-based early routine angioplasty represents a reasonable reperfusion option for victims of STEMI irrespective of geographic or logistical barriers . total of 212 STEMI patients were randomized to full tenecteplase followed by stenting within 3-12 h of randomization ( early routine post-fibrinolysis angioplasty ; 104 patients ) , or to undergo primary stenting with abciximab within 3 h of randomization ( primary angioplasty ; 108 patients ) . primary endpoints were epicardial and myocardial reperfusion , and the extent of left ventricular myocardial damage , determined by means of the infarct size and 6-week left ventricular function . secondary endpoints were the acute incidence of bleeding and the 6-month composite incidence of death , reinfarction , stroke , or revascularization . routine post-fibrinolysis angioplasty resulted in higher frequency ( 21 vs. 6 % , P = 0.003 ) of complete epicardial and myocardial reperfusion ( TIMI 3 epicardial flow and TIMI 3 myocardial perfusion and resolution of the initial sum of ST-segment elevation > or = 70 % ) following angioplasty . groups were similar regarding infarct size ( area under the curve of CK-MB : 4613 + / - 3373 vs. 4649 + / - 3632 microg/L/h , P = 0.94 ) ; 6-week left ventricular function ( ejection fraction : 59.0 + / - 11.6 vs. 56.2 + / - 13.2 % , P = 0.11 ; endsystolic volume index : 27.2 + / - 12.8 vs. 29.7 + / - 13.6 , P = 0.21 ) ; major bleeding ( 1.9 vs. 2.8 % , P = 0.99 ) and 6-month cumulative incidence of the clinical endpoint ( 10 vs. 12 % , P = 0.57 ; relative risk : 0.80 ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.37-1 .74 ) . routine post-fibrinolysis angioplasty safely results in better myocardial perfusion than primary angioplasty . its later application , this approach seems to be equivalent to primary angioplasty in limiting infarct size and preserving left ventricular function ."
568,Abstract #568,"compare the effect of budesonide Turbuhaler 400 microg/day with budesonide aqua 256 microg/day in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis ( SAR ) . to ascertain patients ' preferences for the two nasal devices and to assess quality of life . , multicentre , double-blind , double - dummy , parallel groups study . practices and hospital clinics in Ontario , Quebec and Manitoba . hundred and eighty-four out-patients with SAR , who were symptomatic during the ragweed season , volunteered for enrolment ( 243 randomized ) . daily nasal symptom scores were significantly reduced with treatment . were no statistically significant changes from baseline for eye symptoms . patients ( more than 80 % ) achieved substantial control of their symptoms with budesonide . most common nasal and non-nasal adverse events for both groups were epistaxis and headache . was easier to use and more convenient to carry , had less of an unpleasant taste , and caused less nasal irritation than the aqua spray . than twice as many patients preferred Turbuhaler to the aqua spray ( 69 % versus 31 % ) . in quality of life from baseline to clinic visits was statistically significant in both groups . daily use of 256 mg of budesonide aqua and 400 mg of budesonide Turbuhaler are equally safe and efficacious in the treatment of SAR . preferred the budesonide powder formulation delivered via Turbuhaler two to one over the aqua formulation ."
569,Abstract #569,"have difficulty keeping up with new evidence from medical research . developed the McMaster Premium LiteratUre Service ( PLUS ) , an internet-based addition to an existing digital library , which delivered quality - and relevance-rated medical literature to physicians , matched to their clinical disciplines . evaluated PLUS in a cluster-randomized trial of 203 participating physicians in Northern Ontario , comparing a Full-Serve version ( that included alerts to new articles and a cumulative database of alerts ) with a Self-Serve version ( that included a passive guide to evidence-based literature ) . of the service was the primary trial end-point . logins to the library rose by 0.77 logins/month/user ( 95 % CI 0.43 , 1.11 ) in the Full-Serve group compared with the Self-Serve group . proportion of Full-Serve participants who utilized the service during each month of the study period showed a sustained increase during the intervention period , with a relative increase of 57 % ( 95 % CI 12 , 123 ) compared with the Self-Serve group . were no differences in these proportions during the baseline period , and following the crossover of the Self-Serve group to Full-Serve , the Self-Serve group 's usage became indistinguishable from that of the Full-Serve group ( relative difference 4.4 ( 95 % CI -23.7 , 43.0 ) . during the intervention and crossover periods , measures of self-reported usefulness did not show a difference between the 2 groups . quality - and relevance-rated online literature service increased the utilization of evidence-based information from a digital library by practicing physicians ."
570,Abstract #570,"hyper-activation-limiting therapeutic agents ( AV-HALTs ) are a novel experimental drug class designed to both decrease viral replication and down-regulate excessive immune system activation for the treatment of chronic infections , including human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome . , a first-in-class AV-HALT , is a single-dosage form combining didanosine ( ddI , 400 mg ) , an antiviral ( AV ) , and hydroxyurea ( HU , 600 mg ) , a cytostatic agent , designed to provide a slow release of ddI to reduce its maximal plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) to potentially reduce toxicity while maintaining total daily exposure ( AUC ) and the AV activity . was a pilot phase I , open-label , randomized , single-dose , four-way crossover trial to investigate the fasted and non-fasted residual variance of AUC , C ( max ) and the oral bioavailability of ddI and HU , co-formulated as VS411 , and administered as two different fixed-dose combination formulations compared to commercially available ddI ( Videx EC ) and HU ( Hydrea ) when given simultaneously . VS411-2 had a favourable safety profile , displayed a clear trend for lower ddI C ( max ) ( P = 0.0603 ) compared to Videx EC , and the 90 % confidence intervals around the least square means ratio of C ( max ) did not include 100 % . AUC ( ) was not significantly decreased compared to Videx EC . pharmacokinetic parameters were essentially identical to Hydrea , although there was a decrease in HU exposure under fed versus fasted conditions . phase IIa trial utilizing VS411-2 formulation has been fielded to identify the optimal doses of HU plus ddI as an AV-HALT for the treatment of HIV disease ."
571,Abstract #571,"patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) receiving monotherapy with a sulfonylurea ( SU ) are unable to meet recommended glycemic targets over the long term and require additional pharmacologic agents to maintain glycemic control . study was designed to assess the utility of adjunctive therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase ( DPP ) -4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with SU monotherapy . assess the efficacy and tolerability of linagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM despite background therapy with an SU . this Phase III , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , patients with inadequately controlled T2DM on SU monotherapy were randomly assigned to receive treatment with linagliptin 5 mg once daily ( n = 161 ) or placebo ( n = 84 ) for 18 weeks . primary end point was the mean change in hemoglobin ( Hb ) A ( 1c ) from baseline to week 18 , evaluated using ANCOVA . was assessed using laboratory analysis , spontaneous reporting , and physical examination and interview . baseline characteristics were similar in the linagliptin and placebo groups . treatment was associated with a placebo-corrected mean ( 95 % CI ) change in HbA ( 1c ) from baseline ( 8.6 % ) to 18 weeks of -0.47 % ( -0.70 to -0.24 ; P < 0.0001 ) . in the linagliptin group were more likely compared with placebo to achieve the HbA ( 1c ) target level of < 7.0 % after 18 weeks of treatment ( 15.2 % vs 3.7 % , respectively ; odds ratio [ OR ] = 6.5 ; 95 % CI , 1.7-24 .8 ; P = 0.007 ) . , patients in the linagliptin group were more likely to achieve an HbA ( 1c ) reduction of 0.5 % compared with those in the placebo group ( 57.6 % vs 22.0 % ; OR = 5.1 , 95 % CI 2.7-9 .6 ; P < 0.0001 ) . overall frequency of adverse events was similar between the linagliptin and placebo groups ( 42.2 % vs 42.9 % ) . incidences of hypoglycemic events were not significantly different between the 2 groups ( 5.6 % vs 4.8 % ) , and none of the hypoglycemic episodes were assessed as severe by the investigator . difference in the changes in mean body weight was not significant ( +0.43 vs -0.01 kg ; P = 0.12 ) . addition of linagliptin to SU therapy for 18 weeks in these patients with T2DM was associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful reductions in HbA ( 1c ) compared with placebo . overall tolerability of linagliptin was similar to that of placebo , with a low risk for hypoglycemia and no significant weight gain . findings support the use of linagliptin as adjunctive therapy in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on SU monotherapy . identifier : NCT00819091 ."
572,Abstract #572,"double-blind , noninferiority trial was conducted to establish the safety and efficacy of a once-daily , 5-day course of levofloxacin 750 mg compared to a twice-daily , 10-day course of ciprofloxacin in complicated urinary tract infections ( cUTI ) and acute pyelonephritis ( AP ) . report focuses on subjects with AP . male and female subjects with clinical signs and symptoms of AP and laboratory confirmation of their diagnosis were randomized to receive one dose of levofloxacin 750 mg once daily intravenously ( i.v. ) or orally and one dose of placebo for 5 days , followed by placebo ; or ciprofloxacin 400 mg i.v. and/or 500 mg orally twice daily for 10 days . primary , prospectively defined end point was microbiologic eradication at post-therapy ( study days 15-22 ) . outcomes included clinical response and safety and tolerability . the modified intent-to-treat ( mITT ) population ( levofloxacin 94 , ciprofloxacin 98 ) , 83 % of levofloxacin-treated and 79.6 % of ciprofloxacin-treated subjects achieved microbiological eradication ( difference -3.4 , 95 % CI -14.4 % , 7.6 % ) . the microbiologically evaluable ( ME ) population ( levofloxacin 80 , ciprofloxacin 76 ) , 92.5 % of levofloxacin-treated vs. 93.4 % of ciprofloxacin-treated subjects ( difference -0.9 , 95 % CI -7.1 % , 8.9 % ) achieved microbiologic eradication . success was achieved in 86.2 % vs. 80.6 % ( mITT ) and in 92.5 % vs. 89.5 % ( ME ) of levofloxacin-treated and ciprofloxacin-treated subjects , respectively . coli was the most commonly isolated uropathogen . ( 2.1 % ) of the pathogens were fluoroquinolone-resistant . events ( AEs ) were similar to those seen previously with both agents . limitations are that this analysis is based on a subset of subjects from a larger study and , because of different durations of therapy , the results may be biased against levofloxacin . , short-course therapy with levofloxacin in subjects with AP is at least as effective as standard 10-day therapy with ciprofloxacin ."
573,Abstract #573,"is unknown whether inhaled corticosteroids can modify the subsequent development of asthma in preschool children at high risk for asthma . randomly assigned 285 participants two or three years of age with a positive asthma predictive index to treatment with fluticasone propionate ( at a dose of 88 mug twice daily ) or masked placebo for two years , followed by a one-year period without study medication . primary outcome was the proportion of episode-free days during the observation year . the observation year , no significant differences were seen between the two groups in the proportion of episode-free days , the number of exacerbations , or lung function . the treatment period , as compared with placebo use , use of the inhaled corticosteroid was associated with a greater proportion of episode-free days ( P = 0.006 ) and a lower rate of exacerbations ( P < 0.001 ) and of supplementary use of controller medication ( P < 0.001 ) . the inhaled-corticosteroid group , as compared with the placebo group , the mean increase in height was 1.1 cm less at 24 months ( P < 0.001 ) , but by the end of the trial , the height increase was 0.7 cm less ( P = 0.008 ) . treatment , the inhaled corticosteroid reduced symptoms and exacerbations but slowed growth , albeit temporarily and not progressively . preschool children at high risk for asthma , two years of inhaled-corticosteroid therapy did not change the development of asthma symptoms or lung function during a third , treatment-free year . findings do not provide support for a subsequent disease-modifying effect of inhaled corticosteroids after the treatment is discontinued . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00272441 . )"
574,Abstract #574,"with asthma are interested in the use of breathing exercises but their role is uncertain . effects of the Buteyko breathing technique , a device which mimics pranayama ( a yoga breathing technique ) , and a dummy pranayama device on bronchial responsiveness and symptoms were compared over 6 months in a parallel group study . patients with asthma taking an inhaled corticosteroid were randomised after a 2 week run in period to Eucapnic Buteyko breathing , use of a Pink City Lung Exerciser ( PCLE ) to mimic pranayama , or a PCLE placebo device . practised the techniques at home twice daily for 6 months followed by an optional steroid reduction phase . outcome measures were symptom scores and change in the dose of methacholine provoking a 20 % fall in FEV ( 1 ) ( PD ( 20 ) ) during the first 6 months . nine patients ( 78 % ) completed the study . was no significant difference in PD ( 20 ) between the three groups at 3 or 6 months . remained relatively stable in the PCLE and placebo groups but were reduced in the Buteyko group . change in symptom scores at 6 months was 0 ( interquartile range -1 to 1 ) in the placebo group , -1 ( -2 to 0.75 ) in the PCLE group , and -3 ( -4 to 0 ) in the Buteyko group ( p = 0.003 for difference between groups ) . use was reduced in the Buteyko group by two puffs/day at 6 months ; there was no change in the other two groups ( p = 0.005 ) . difference was seen between the groups in FEV ( 1 ) , exacerbations , or ability to reduce inhaled corticosteroids . Buteyko breathing technique can improve symptoms and reduce bronchodilator use but does not appear to change bronchial responsiveness or lung function in patients with asthma . benefit was shown for the Pink City Lung Exerciser ."
575,Abstract #575,"trial aims to evaluate effective delivery and cost effectiveness of an innovative structured psycho-educational programme ( CASCADE ) for young people and their families living with diabetes . increase in numbers of people being diagnosed with diabetes is posing a challenge for both the UK and the rest of the world . peak age for diagnosis is between 10 and 14 years of age . is clear evidence that improved diabetes control from diagnosis in childhood can reduce the incidence and progression of long-term complications . , despite the development of improved insulin regimens and delivery methods , the overall metabolic control in children and adolescents has improved little in the UK in the past decade . there is a need for novel interventions and health delivery mechanisms aimed at young people and their families to help improve control and reduce complications , illness burden and costs to the NHS . CASCADE trial is a multi-centre randomised control trial with 26 clinics randomised to control or intervention groups , with 572 children and young people involved in the study . intervention will be delivered in 4 group sessions , over a 4 month period . developmentally appropriate curriculum will be delivered to groups of 3 - 4 families , focusing on achievement of increasing competency in self-management of diabetes . control group will receive standard care from their clinical team , usually consisting of regular 3-monthly clinic visits and telephone contact as required with the clinical nurse specialist and consultant . primary outcomes of the trial will be change in HbA1c between baseline and 12 months and 24 months post recruitment . outcomes will include measures related to the economic evaluation , psychosocial outcomes , outcomes related to management of diabetes outcomes , and adherence to the intervention . trial will be run by independent research and service delivery teams and supervised by a trial steering committee . data monitoring and ethics committee has been put in place to monitor the trial and recommend stopping/continuation according to a Peto-Haybittle rule . trial will be conducted according to the principles of MRC Good Clinical Practice ( GCP ) Guidelines and CTRU Phase III Trial Standard Operating procedures . Controlled Trials ISRCTN52537669 ."
576,Abstract #576,"prospective randomized study was performed to test the hypothesis that tamoxifen might improve the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) and to correlate the response of treatment with the expression of hormone receptors . hundred nineteen patients with advanced and otherwise untreatable HCC were included in a placebo-controlled , single-blind trial . patients were randomized to tamoxifen group ( 61 patients ) and control group ( 58 patients ) and were prescribed with a daily dose of 30 mg of tamoxifen and placebo , respectively . tests for estrogen and progesterone receptors were performed on the tumor tissues obtained from 66 patients . patients were closely monitored and the survival outcome of the two groups of patients was compared and stratified according to the hormonal receptor status . was no difference in the 1-month mortality rates ( 32.8 % vs. 43.1 % , p = 0.246 ) and the median survival ( 44 days vs. 41 days , p = 0.703 ) between the tamoxifen group and the control group . , the expression of hormone receptors in the tumors did not affect the survival outcome of the patients treated with tamoxifen . of the patients who survived longer than 3 months had tumor that had partial response to tamoxifen treatment on follow-up imaging study . has no efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced HCC and response to treatment was not affected by the expression of hormone receptors ."
577,Abstract #577,"memory ( WM ) problems influence most activities of daily living . aim was to evaluate if computerized working memory training after brain injury has a significant effect on functioning in daily life . with WM deficits , aged 22-63 years , were randomized to either intervention group ( IG , n = 20 ) or control group ( CG , n = 18 ) and received 5 weeks standard rehabilitation . IG also received WM training with the Cogmed QM training program . were made before ( A1 ) , immediately ( A2 ) and 3 months ( A3 ) after intervention . follow-up , the CG was offered the computerized training and assessed after this ( A4 ; n = 8 ) . included the WAIS-III Digit span reversed , Fatigue Impact Scale ( FIS ) , Assessment of Motor and Process Skills ( AMPS ) , Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test-II ( RBMT-II ) and a WM questionnaire . IG improved on digit span and FIS , A1-A2 , and significantly more than the CG on the WM questionnaire , A1-A3 . groups improved in AMPS motor skill and the AMPS process skill score tended towards significant improvement in the IG , from A1-A3 . training ( A3-A4 ) , the CG improved in digit span and RBMT-II . WM training seems to have a generalized effect on functional activity and lessens fatigue ."
578,Abstract #578,"hyperstimulation syndrome ( OHSS ) seems to be induced by the ovarian release of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , which increases vascular permeability . agonists inhibit VEGF receptor phosphorylation and thereby decrease vascular permeability . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicentre study assessing three oral doses ( 50 , 100 , 200 microg/day ) of the non-ergot derived dopamine agonist quinagolide started on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin ( hCG ) and continued for 17-21 days without dose-titration in comparison to placebo in preventing moderate/severe early OHSS ( onset < or = 9 days after hCG administration ) in 182 IVF patients with > or = 20 but less than 30 follicles > or = 10 mm . incidence of moderate/severe early OHSS was 23 % ( 12/53 ) in the placebo group and 12 % ( 6/51 ) , 13 % ( 7/52 ) and 4 % ( 1/26 ) in the quinagolide 50 , 100 and 200 microg/day groups , respectively . moderate/severe early OHSS rate was significantly lower with all quinagolide groups combined compared with placebo [ P = 0.019 ; OR = 0.28 ( 0.09-0 .81 ) ] . incidence of ultrasound evidence of ascites among patients with no clinical pregnancy was significantly reduced from 31 % ( 8/26 ) with placebo to 11 % ( 8/70 ) with all quinagolide groups combined [ P = 0.033 ; OR = 0.29 ( 0.10-0 .88 ) ] , although there was no difference for those with clinical pregnancy . did not have a detrimental effect on pregnancy or live birth rates . incidence of gastrointestinal and central nervous system adverse events increased with increasing doses of quinagolide . appears to prevent moderate/severe early OHSS while not affecting treatment outcome . effect is more marked in patients who did not achieve a clinical pregnancy . administered in high doses without dose-titration is associated with poor tolerability . Identifier : NCT00329693 ."
579,Abstract #579,"explore the optimal approach to the prevention of hypotension during cesarean section for the benefits of both the parturients and the newborns . singleton full-term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated into two equal groups . prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia , ephedrine or pre-anesthetic volume with Voluven was administered . changes of blood pressure , heart rate , and Apgar scores of the newborns were monitored and recorded , and the umbilical arterial blood gas variables were compared between the two groups . placental samples were collected and immunohistochemistry for CD34 was performed for stereological study of the placental villous capillaries . umbilical arterial PaCO ( 2 ) , PaO ( 2 ) and Apgar scores showed no significant differences between the two groups ( P < 0.05 ) . heart rate , incidence of hypotension and the lactic acid value were significantly higher , and the umbilical arterial pH significantly lower in ephedrine group than in the Voluven group ( P > 0.05 ) . the length density of the villous capillaries was comparable between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) , the volume density of the villous capillaries was significantly decreased in ephedrine group ( P < 0.05 ) . volume expansion with Voluven can maintain stable hemodynamics during spinal anesthesia and also efficiently improve the tissue perfusion , microcirculation and uteroplacental blood flow , thus increasing the oxygen supply to the fetus ."
580,Abstract #580,"to trauma reminders has been considered imperative in psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) . authors tested interpersonal psychotherapy ( IPT ) , which has demonstrated antidepressant efficacy and shown promise in pilot PTSD research as a non-exposure-based non-cognitive-behavioral PTSD treatment . authors conducted a randomized 14-week trial comparing IPT , prolonged exposure ( an exposure-based exemplar ) , and relaxation therapy ( an active control psychotherapy ) in 110 unmedicated patients who had chronic PTSD and a score > 50 on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale ( CAPS ) . stratified for comorbid major depression . authors hypothesized that IPT would be no more than minimally inferior ( a difference < 12.5 points in CAPS score ) to prolonged exposure . therapies had large within-group effect sizes ( d values , 1.32-1 .88 ) . of response , defined as an improvement of > 30 % in CAPS score , were 63 % for IPT , 47 % for prolonged exposure , and 38 % for relaxation therapy ( not significantly different between groups ) . outcomes for IPT and prolonged exposure differed by 5.5 points ( not significant ) , and the null hypothesis of more than minimal IPT inferiority was rejected ( p = 0.035 ) . with comorbid major depression were nine times more likely than nondepressed patients to drop out of prolonged exposure therapy . and prolonged exposure improved quality of life and social functioning more than relaxation therapy . study demonstrated noninferiority of individual IPT for PTSD compared with the gold-standard treatment . had ( nonsignificantly ) lower attrition and higher response rates than prolonged exposure . to widespread clinical belief , PTSD treatment may not require cognitive-behavioral exposure to trauma reminders . , patients with comorbid major depression may fare better with IPT than with prolonged exposure ."
581,Abstract #581,"authors ' goal was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 6 months ' treatment with flexible-dose ziprasidone and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder . Psychiatric Rating Scale ( BPRS ) scores and Clinical Global Impression ( CGI ) severity scores were obtained for 126 responders to a 6-week acute study of olanzapine and ziprasidone during a blinded 6-month continuation study and optional extension study . improvements in BPRS and CGI severity scores were seen with both drugs . produced significant increases from acute-study baseline values in weight and body mass index and within-group increases in total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and fasting insulin . differences were not significant for lipids and insulin . QTc values at endpoint were 407.1 msec ( baseline mean = 406.0 msec ) and 394.4 msec ( baseline mean = 399.7 msec ) for ziprasidone and olanzapine , respectively . patient had a QTc interval > or = 500 msec . and olanzapine had comparable long-term efficacy ; olanzapine was associated with significant weight gain and metabolic alterations ."
582,Abstract #582,"compare magnesium sulphate concentrations achieved by intramuscular and intravenous regimens used for the prevention of eclampsia . obstetric hospitals in Nagpur and Vellore , India . women at risk for eclampsia due to hypertensive disease . pharmacokinetic study was performed as part of a randomised trial that enrolled 300 women comparing intramuscular and intravenous maintenance regimens of magnesium dosing . from 258 enrolled women were analysed in the pharmacokinetic study . single sample was drawn per woman with the expectation of using samples in a pooled data analysis . parameters of magnesium distribution and clearance . clearance was estimated to be 48.1 dl/hour , volume of distribution to be 156 dl and intramuscular bioavailability to be 86.2 % . intramuscular regimen produced higher initial serum concentrations , consistent with a substantially larger loading dose . steady state , magnesium concentrations in the intramuscular and intravenous groups were comparable . either regimen , a substantial number of women would be expected to have serum concentrations lower than those generally held to be therapeutic . implications were that a larger loading dose for the intravenous regimen should be considered ; where feasible , individualised dosing of magnesium sulphate would reduce the variability in serum concentrations and might result in more women with clinically effective magnesium concentrations ; and lower dose magnesium sulphate regimens should be considered with caution ."
583,Abstract #583,"kidney disease ( CKD ) and diabetes mellitus ( DM ) are common comorbidities in heart failure ( HF ) and each is associated with poor outcomes . , the effects of multimorbidity related to having both CKD and DM compared to CKD alone have not been well studied in a propensity-matched population of chronic HF patients . the 7788 ambulatory chronic HF patients in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial , 3527 had CKD , of whom 1095 had DM . on the absence or presence of DM , patients were categorized CKD-only and CKD-DM , respectively . scores for CKD-DM were calculated for each patient and were used to match 987 pairs of CKD-only and CKD-DM patients . ratios ( HR ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) comparing CKD-DM patients with CKD-only patients were estimated using matched Cox regression models . mortality occurred in 47.0 % ( rate , 1783/10 ,000 person-years of follow-up ) of CKD-DM patients and 39.6 % ( rate , 1414/10 ,000 person-years ) of CKD-only patients ( HR when CKD-DM is compared with CKD-only , 1.25 ; 95 % - CI , 1.07-1 .46 ; p = 0.006 ) . hospitalization occurred in 75.4 % ( rate , 5710/10 ,000 person-years ) and 67.8 % ( rate , 4213/10 ,000 person-years ) of CKD-DM and CKD-only patients respectively ( HR , 1.32 ; 95 % - CI , 1.15-1 .52 ; p < 0.0001 ) . HR and 95 % - CI for other outcomes were : cardiovascular mortality ( 1.27 ; 1.06-1 .52 ; p = 0.009 ) , HF mortality ( 1.34 ; 1.04-1 .72 ; p = 0.025 ) ; cardiovascular hospitalization ( 1.29 ; 1.12-1 .49 ; p = 0.001 ) and HF hospitalization ( 1.37 ; 1.16-1 .63 ; p < 0.0001 ) . with comorbidity due to CKD alone , multimorbidity with CKD and DM was associated with poor outcomes in chronic HF patients ."
584,Abstract #584,"examine the pharmacokinetics and the relation between plasma concentrations of the new potassium channel blocker dofetilide and QTc prolongation on the surface electrocardiogram after oral and intravenous administration . healthy volunteers received a single dose of 0.5 mg dofetilide orally and intravenously ( over 30 minutes ) in a randomized crossover study . QTc interval versus dofetilide plasma concentration was analyzed by use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling techniques . absolute bioavailability and systemic clearance were 92 % + / - 9 % and 0.35 + / - 0.05 L/hr/kg , respectively . maximum increase in QTc interval duration was 99 msec ( 27 % ) and 61 msec ( 16 % ) after intravenous and oral administration , respectively . counterclockwise hysteresis loop between dofetilide plasma concentrations and QTc interval duration was observed after intravenous infusions in all subjects , whereas direct linear relationships were observed after oral administrations in eight of 10 subjects . modeling showed the consistency of the effect versus concentration relationships obtained with the two routes of administration . use of a maximum effect ( Emax ) model and data obtained after intravenous infusion , mean maximum QTc prolongation ( Emax ) was 121 + / - 57 msec and mean dofetilide plasma concentration associated with half the maximum effect ( EC50 ) was 2.2 + / - 0.6 ng/ml . modeling was useful in detecting the maximum effect and in describing the plasma concentration versus effect relationship during intravenous infusion of dofetilide but was otherwise not superior to analyses performed with postdistribution data . conclude that dofetilide prolongs QTc interval duration in a concentration-dependent manner in normal volunteers during sinus rhythm and that pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling is useful for examination of maximum QTc prolongation induced by dofetilide ."
585,Abstract #585,"is used to treat acute decompensated heart failure ( ADHF ) , but its effects on long-term prognosis have not been studied . multicenter randomized controlled study of 49 patients with ADHF was performed to clarify the drug 's effects on long-term prognosis . carperitide ( 0.01-0 .05 microg x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ) was infused for 72 h as the initial treatment ( n = 26 ) , whereas in the control group ( n = 23 ) , standard medical treatment other than carperitide was given without limitation . drugs were prohibited in both groups . carperitide infusion , significant increases of the atrial natriuretic peptide and cyclic GMP levels and a significant decrease in the heart-type fatty acid-binding protein/serum creatinine ratio were observed , suggesting inhibition of myocyte cell membrane damage . the other hand , no significant differences in the plasma brain natriuretic peptide , troponin T , and creatinine levels were noted in either group . 18-month follow-up , significant reductions of death and rehospitalization occurred in the carperitide vs control group ( 11.5 % vs 34.8 % ; p = 0.0359 ) . regression analysis revealed that randomization to carperitide ( p = 0.020 ) , pretreatment systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg ( p = 0.043 ) , and beta-blocker therapy ( p = 0.016 ) were independent predictors for freedom from cardiac events . low-dose carperitide infusion improved the long-term prognosis of patients with ADHF ."
586,Abstract #586,"determine if intravenous hydroxyethylstarch ( HES ) affects the accuracy of hemoglobin ( Hb ) measurements , as artificial colloids are known to increase red blood cell sedimentation rates . , randomized study . academic medical institution . randomized 40 surgical American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) physical status I and II patients undergoing preoperative autologous blood donation before elective orthopedic surgery . were randomized to receive volume replacement with 500 mL of 6 % HES 200,000 / 0.5 or 500 mL of electrolyte solution . of Hb concentration and leukocyte count were performed using an analyzer with a suction needle sampling from the bottom of the test tube . were performed after mixing and repeated after a 10-minute period of upright positioning of the tube ( at rest ) . the study group that received HES , Hb levels were increased above baseline after resting ( mean increase to 151 % of baseline values , P < .01 ) , whereas the leukocyte count was decreased ( mean decrease to 39 % of baseline values , P < .01 ) . difference between baseline and resting measurements were observed in patients who received intravenous crystalloids . addition , we repeatedly measured the Hb concentration in an unstirred tube with and without the addition of HES . blood samples containing HES , the Hb concentration was increased above baseline after 2.5 minutes of resting , compared with 30 minutes without HES addition ( P < .05 ) . of test tube contents before sampling is critical for accurate measurement of the Hb concentration in the blood of patients who received intravenous HES ."
587,Abstract #587,"examine significance of missing data and describe physical activity patterns using recall and accelerometer measures among youth in a nonlaboratory setting . middle-school students wore TriTrac-R3D monitors ( TTM ) and completed an interviewer-prompted 24-h recall during two , 5-d monitoring sessions . coded 2860 30-min recall intervals to a standard MET compendium . TTM data were gathered for 43 students . multinomial models tested for bias in TTM estimates of activity levels due to : 1 ) exclusion of subjects with incomplete TTM data , and 2 ) exclusion of intervals within days due to missing TTM data . with complete monitor data had an average 12.5 + / - 0.9 monitored hours per day over 5.5 + / - 2.1 d. Compared with students with incomplete monitoring data , they reported similar proportions of recall 30-min intervals at sedentary ( 68 % vs 69 % ) , light ( 14 % vs 15 % ) , moderate ( 11 % vs 10 % ) , and vigorous ( 7 % vs 6 % ) intensity levels ( P = 0.63 ) . proportion of recall intervals ( within days ) with and without simultaneous monitoring data did not differ by activity intensity ( P = 0.64 ) across sedentary ( 69 % vs 67 % ) , light ( 14 % vs 12 % ) , moderate ( 11 % vs 10 % ) , and vigorous ( 6 % vs 9 % ) categories . overestimated percent time per day in moderate and vigorous activity relative to TTM ( 22.8 % vs 8.9 % , P < 0.0001 ) . reported higher percent of time than girls in vigorous activity ( 10.9 % vs 3.9 % , P < 0.05 ) . reported more time than boys ( 9.5 % vs 6.4 % , P < 0.05 ) in light activities . significant sex differences were observed using TTM . TTM data did not bias estimates of activity levels . activity measures overestimated moderate and vigorous activity relative to the TTM and varied by sex ."
588,Abstract #588,"current study evaluated the efficacy and safety of risperidone and haloperidol as an adjunctive agent in combination with divalproate in patients with an episode of acute mania . 6-week randomized , single-blind study was conducted in psychiatric wards of a mental hospital . total of 41 patients were randomly assigned to the risperidone ( risperidone plus divalproate ) or haloperidol groups ( haloperidol plus divalproate ) . was assessed by changes in symptom rating scales [ Young Mania Rating Scale ( YMRS ) , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ( BPRS ) , and Clinical Global Impression ( CGI ) scores ] . and tolerability were assessed by monitoring the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale ( ESRS ) and Hamilton Rating Scale for depression . doses at baseline , and at weeks 4 and 6 were 3.77 , 4.95 and 5.00 mg/day of risperidone and 5.89 , 9.95 and 8.58 mg/day of haloperidol , respectively . was shown to have significant anti-manic effects which was observed as early as week 1 , following start of treatment . BPRS scores were in favor of risperidone at week 2 . receiving risperidone exhibited significant greater global improvement on the CGI , as early as week 2 and over the entire treatment period , than haloperidol after 4 weeks of treatment . ESRS at endpoint were significantly higher in the haloperidol patients . plus divalproate was more efficacious than haloperidol plus divalproate for treatment of acute mania , and was well tolerated due to its evidence showing rapid anti-manic action , effective and sustained control of manic and psychotic symptoms and a favorable safety and tolerability profile in acute mania ."
589,Abstract #589,"impingement syndrome is a common musculoskeletal complaint leading to significant reduction of health and disability . is often the first choice of treatment although its effectiveness is still under debate . reviews in this field highlight the need for more high quality trials to investigate the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome . randomized controlled trial will investigate the effectiveness of individualized physiotherapy in patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of subacromial impingement , involving 90 participants aged 18-75 . are recruited from outpatient physiotherapy clinics , general practitioners , and orthopaedic surgeons in Germany . participants will be randomly allocated to either individualized physiotherapy or to a standard exercise protocol using central randomization . control group will perform the standard exercise protocol aiming to restore muscular deficits in strength , mobility , and coordination of the rotator cuff and the shoulder girdle muscles to unload the subacromial space during active movements . of the intervention group will perform the standard exercise protocol as a home program , and will additionally be treated with individualized physiotherapy based on clinical examination results , and guided by a decision tree . the intervention phase both groups will continue their home program for another 7 weeks . will be measured at 5 weeks and at 3 and 12 months after inclusion using the shoulder pain and disability index and patients ' global impression of change , the generic patient-specific scale , the average weekly pain score , and patient satisfaction with treatment . , the fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire , the pain catastrophizing scale , and patients ' expectancies of treatment effect are assessed . ' adherence to the protocol , use of additional treatments for the shoulder , direct and indirect costs , and sick leave due to shoulder complaints will be recorded in a shoulder log-book . our knowledge this is the first trial comparing individualized physiotherapy based on a defined decision making process to a standardized exercise protocol . high-quality methodologies , this trial will add evidence to the limited body of knowledge about the effect of physiotherapy in patients with SIS ."
590,Abstract #590,"is a potent local anesthetic that , experimentally at low concentrations , produces an effective block of pain conducting nerve fibers . , it was hypothesized that 0.1 % and 0.2 % ropivacaine would provide clinically adequate postoperative analgesia in continuous axillary plexus block . patients ( ASA I-II ) scheduled for elective hand or forearm surgery received 5 mg/kg of 0.75 % ropivacaine for axillary block using nerve stimulator technique . hour later , in random order , a continuous infusion of either 0.1 % ropivacaine ( 0.125 mg/kg/h ) , 0.2 % ropivacaine ( 0.25 mg/kg/h ) or saline 6 to 11 mL/h was started . mean total ropivacaine dose for the surgical block was 5.1 to 5.2 mg/kg with the supplementation . patients were pain free for the first 12 to 15 hours after the block . need for postoperative analgesics during the infusion was similar in all groups . the initial block , the maximum plasma concentrations ( mean 2.5 microg/mL ) were measured at 45 or 60 minutes after injection . highest individual plasma concentration was 4.2 microg/mL . the high venous peak concentration , no toxic reactions were observed . mean peak plasma concentration ( Cmax ) was 2.2 + / -0.5 microg/mL for saline , 2.6 + / -0.8 microg/mL for 0.1 % ropivacaine , and 2.6 + / -0.7 microg/mL for 0.2 % ropivacaine . the continuous infusion of 24 hours , the ropivacaine concentration declined steadily . is safe and effective for axillary brachial plexus block . continuous infusion of 0.1 % or 0.2 % ropivacaine was no more beneficial than an infusion of saline in relieving postoperative pain in patients having elective hand surgery . of the infusions were sufficient to adequately treat the patients ' pain without the addition of adjunct agents ."
591,Abstract #591,"from a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study of progesterone suppository treatment for premenstrual syndrome ( PMS ) were followed up to determine poststudy PMS symptom levels and medication use . average of 1 year after the end of the treatment study , 129 subjects were contacted for telephone interviews . subjects met criteria for PMS before the progesterone suppository treatment , and their symptoms were confirmed by daily symptom reports throughout the study . outcome measure at follow-up was the patient 's global assessment of symptom severity , which was also rated by the subjects during the treatment study . ratings at enrollment , end of study , and follow-up were compared . 27 % of the subjects ( N = 35 ) were taking medications for PMS at follow-up . severity at follow-up was less than at enrollment but greater than at the end of the study . of the improvement gained during treatment was maintained , but overall the subjects remained moderately symptomatic . of the PMS condition , education , and support and caring may account for the symptom decreases during treatment , and the end of treatment and withdrawal of these conditions may account for the moderate return of symptoms ."
592,Abstract #592,"aureus and mutans group streptococci can cause , among many other diseases , infective endocarditis and postoperative infections . reduction of the number of these microorganisms in the oral cavity prior to surgical procedures has been related to a decreased incidence of such occurrences . aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single preprocedural rinse with 0.12 % chlorhexidine solution ( Periogard ) on the salivary counts of S aureus and mutans group streptococci and determine maximal inhibitory dilutions ( MID ) of this and 0.05 % cetylpyridinium chloride solution ( Cepacol ) . was collected from 60 patients before and after 30-second mouthrinses with chlorhexidine and cultured in appropriate media . number of microorganisms was calculated based on the colony-forming units ( CFUs ) . the in vitro MID determination , 25 strains of S aureus were seeded in the media containing one of the sequential dilutions of both antiseptics . aureus , Streptococcus mutans , and Streptococcus sobrinus were initially isolated from 45 % , 63 % , and 28 % of the patients , respectively . rinsing with chlorhexidine , the reductions in the CFUs were above 99 % for all the studied microorganisms . the MID determination , all isolates were inhibited with 1/20 and 1/80 dilutions of cetylpyridinium and chlorhexidine , respectively . curves were obtained for both antiseptics . preprocedural chlorhexidine mouthrinse is effective in reducing salivary microorganisms to levels currently considered safe to perform invasive procedures , and it is still effective in a 1:80 dilution ."
593,Abstract #593,"injuries , fluid overload , and cardiac insufficiency may all contribute to alveolar and interstitial lung edema . hypothesized that aerosolized salbutamol would reduce extravascular lung water and improve oxygenation after lung resection by stimulating epithelial fluid clearance and cardiovascular function . , randomized , cross-over trial . selected 24 patients with risk factors for lung edema . drugs ( salbutamol , 5 mg ; vs ipratropium , 0.5 mg ) were administered on two consecutive trials , with a 6-h washout period , on the day of surgery ( postoperative day [ POD ] -0 ) as well as on POD-1 . and 50 min after the end of drug administration , we determined the oxygenation index ( Pao ( 2 ) / fraction of inspired oxygen [ Fio ( 2 ) ] ratio ) , the extravascular lung water index ( EVLWI ) , the pulmonary vascular permeability index ( PVPI ) , and the cardiac index ( CI ) using the single-indicator thermal dilution technique . data were obtained in 21 patients . POD-0 , the EVLWI was increased compared with preoperative values ( 13.0 + / - 3.8 vs 9.1 + / - 4.4 , p < 0.001 ) ; salbutamol treatment induced significant increases in Pao ( 2 ) / Fio ( 2 ) ratio ( + 25 + / - 13 % ) that were associated with decreases in EVLWI ( - 18 + / - 10 % , p < 0.05 ) and in PVPI ( - 19 + / - 10 % , p < 0.05 ) along with increased CI ( + 23 + / - 11 % , p < 0.05 ) . POD-1 , repeated nebulization of salbutamol induced significant increases in Pao ( 2 ) / Fio ( 2 ) ratio and CI ( + 22 + / - 10 % and 19 + / - 11 % , respectively ) , whereas both EVLWI and PVPI remained unchanged . of ipratropium bromide did not produce significant hemodynamic and respiratory changes on POD-0 and POD-1 . salbutamol accelerates the resolution of lung edema , improves blood oxygenation , and stimulated cardiovascular function after lung resection in high-risk patients . protocol trial ( CER03-160 ) has been registered at ( Clinicaltrials.gov ) under NCT00498251 ."
594,Abstract #594,"compare the clinical efficacy and safety of anesthesia with intravenous propofol combined with fentanyl for ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval . 100 unpremedicated infertile women ( ASA I-II ) scheduled for oocyte retrieval with ultrasound guidance were randomly divided into two groups to receive anesthesia with either intravenous propofol ( group A , n = 50 ) or the combination of propofol and fentanyl ( group B , n = 50 ) . time when consciousness loss and recovery occurred , dosage of propofol for anesthesia maintenance , mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) , heart rate ( HR ) and oxygen saturation ( SpO2 ) were recorded . was no significant difference in the time of consciousness loss between groups A and B ( 58.8 + / -3.8 s vs 57.7 + / -5.2 s , P = 0.283 ) , but consciousness recovery occurred earlier in group B ( 6.0 + / -0.6 min vs 5.7 + / -0.4 min , P < 0.01 ) . maintenance dosage of propofol in group B ( 0.20 + / -0.03 mg/kg ) was significantly lower than that in group A ( 0.52 + / -0.05 mg/kg , P < 0.01 ) . 2 min after anesthesia induction , the MAP decreased from 11.1 + / -0.8 kPa to 8.0 + / -0.6 kPa in group A ( P < 0.05 ) , and from ( 10.9 + / -0.9 ) kPa to ( 8.3 + / -0.7 ) kPa in group B ( P < 0.05 ) , and returned to normal within 2-3 min in both groups . incidence of low SpO2 ( < 90 % ) was lower in group A than in group B ( ( 52 % vs 88 % , P < 0.001 ) . with propofol combined with fentanyl may reduce the maintenance dosage of propofol , shorten the time of consciousness recovery during oocyte retrieval with ultrasound guidance , and can be helpful for the patients ' early recovery and discharge from hospital ."
595,Abstract #595,"uncontrolled clinical trials , negative extrathoracic pressure has been shown to be an effective respiratory support . aimed to assess its role in the context of current neonatal intensive care . randomized controlled trial , with sequential analysis of matched pairs of infants . was undertaken by stratified randomization from 15 groups divided according to gestational age , oxygen requirement , and whether patients were intubated at 4 hours of age . neonatal intensive care units . hundred forty-four patients ( birth weight 1.53 + / - 0.69 kg ( mean + / - SD ) ; gestational age 30.4 + / - 3.5 weeks ) with respiratory failure . were randomized at 4 hours of age to receive either standard neonatal intensive care , or standard care plus continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ( CNEP , -4 to -6 cmH2O ) applied within a purpose-designed neonatal incubator . SCORES : Clinical scores were calculated for each infant at 56 days of age , or death if earlier . included measures for mortality , respiratory outcome , the presence of cerebral ultrasound abnormalities , patent arterial duct , necrotizing enterocolitis , and retinopathy . treatment given for the higher score for each pair was recorded and the cumulative net number of pairs favoring CNEP plotted in the sequential analysis to provide an ethical early termination strategy . components of the outcome score and other secondary measurements were analyzed on completion of the trial . sequential analysis reached a decision boundary after 122 out of a possible maximum of 124 pairs were completed . overall outcome score showed an overall significant benefit for CNEP . analysis showed that the use of CNEP was associated with an increase in mortality , cranial ultrasound abnormalities , and pneumothoraces , which were not statistically significant . , 5 % fewer patients were intubated ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0-10 ) , and the total duration of oxygen therapy among surviving infants at 56 days was lower ( 20.5 days , compared with 38.9 in controls ; difference 18.4 days , 95 % CI 3.8 to 33.0 ) . all infants , the mean total duration of oxygen therapy was 18.3 days among CNEP-treated infants compared with 33.6 days among the controls ( difference -15.3 days , 95 % CI -0.2 to -30.4 ) . reduction in mean levels is entirely attributable to substantially fewer patients requiring prolonged oxygen therapy , the median duration of treatment being very similar in the two groups . a result , commensurately fewer surviving infants showed chronic lung disease of prematurity . use of continuous negative pressure improves the respiratory outcome for neonates with respiratory failure ."
596,Abstract #596,"compared CT fluoroscopy ( CTF ) for the initial puncture of bile ducts with conventional fluoroscopic guidance in patients with malignant jaundice in whom percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage ( PTBD ) was planned . consecutive patients were randomized to two study groups : group A underwent PTBD under CTF and fluoroscopic guidance , group B underwent PTBD under fluoroscopic guidance alone . PTBD was performed using a combination of a helical CT scanner of the latest generation and a mobile C-arm ; conventional PTBD was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in the angiographic unit . points of the study were the success ( a puncture that enabled safe placement of a guidewire in a suitable bile duct ) and the complication rate ( hemobilia , bile fistula , biliary peritonitis ) , the number of punctures required , the time needed for successful puncture of a suitable bile duct , and the patient 's radiation exposure . puncture of peripheral bile ducts suitable for PTBD was successful at the first attempt in 16 cases , under conventional fluoroscopic guidance , in only two cases . found a significantly different number of punctures ( 1.2 in group A vs 2.9 in group B ) , a significantly shorter time for puncture in group A ( mean 39 sec ) , but also a significantly higher skin exposure dosage in group A ( mean 49.5 mSv surface dosage ) . was no significant difference regarding the total procedure time . one complication occurred in group B ( portobiliary fistula ) . initial puncture of bile ducts allowed a significantly reduced number of punctures and puncture times compared with puncture under conventional fluoroscopic guidance for placement of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage catheters ."
597,Abstract #597,"current opinion favours the use of enteral over parenteral nutrition , the clinical benefits of early postoperative nutrition in patients undergoing elective surgery have never been clearly shown . aimed to test the hypothesis that postoperative enteral nutrition is better ( fewer postoperative complications ) than parenteral nutrition containing similar energy and nitrogen amounts ( 112 kJ kg ( -1 ) day ( -1 ) and 1.4 g aminoacid kg ( -1 ) day ( -1 ) ) . did a randomised multicentre clinical trial in patients with gastrointestinal cancer who were malnourished and candidates for major elective surgery . patients were assigned to enteral nutrition and 158 to parenteral nutrition . primary endpoint was the occurrence of postoperative complications , and secondary endpoints were length of postoperative hospital stay , adverse effects , and treatment crossover . was by intention to treat . complications occurred in 54 ( 34 % ) patients fed enterally versus 78 ( 49 % ) fed parenterally ( relative risk 0.69 , 95 % CI 0.53-0 .90 , p = 0.005 ) . of postoperative stay was 13.4 days and 15.0 days in the enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition groups , respectively ( p = 0.009 ) . effects occurred in 56 ( 35 % ) patients fed enterally versus 22 ( 14 % ) patients fed parenterally ( 2.50 , 1.61-3 .86 , p < 0.0001 ) . ( 9 % ) patients on enteral nutrition had to switch to parenteral nutrition , whereas none of those fed parenterally crossed over to enteral feeding . conclude that early enteral nutrition significantly reduces the complication rate and duration of postoperative stay compared with parenteral nutrition , although parenteral nutrition is better tolerated than enteral nutrition ."
598,Abstract #598,"quality of life ( HRQoL ) worsens with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) relapses and disease progression . symptoms including depression and fatigue may contribute to poor HRQoL . report exploratory analyses assessing the impact of fingolimod ( FTY720 ) on HRQoL and depression in a phase II study of relapsing MS. Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire in MS ( HAQUAMS ) and Beck Depression Inventory second edition ( BDI-II ) scores were assessed during a 6-month , placebo-controlled study and optional extension . total score improved with fingolimod and worsened with placebo . score change from baseline to month 6 was -0.02 with fingolimod 1.25 mg ( p < 0.05 versus placebo ) , -0.01 with fingolimod 5.0 mg and +0.12 with placebo . data supported a clinically important effect of fingolimod on HRQoL . 1.25 mg was also beneficial over placebo in the fatigue/thinking HAQUAMS sub-domain ( p < 0.05 versus placebo ) . in mean BDI-II scores from baseline to month 6 and the proportion of patients with BDI-II scores indicative of clinical depression favored fingolimod 1.25 mg over placebo ( p < 0.05 for both ) . month 4 , mean BDI-II and HAQUAMS total scores appeared to be maintained in fingolimod-treated patients . 1.25 mg may improve HRQoL and depression at 6 months compared with placebo in patients with relapsing MS."
599,Abstract #599,"aim of this work was to determine the ergogenic effects of a nucleotide supplement on the metabolic and immune responses to short term high intensity exercise in volunteer , trained , male subjects . moderately trained male subjects were randomly divided into 3 equal sized groups , control ( C ) , placebo ( P ) or experimental ( E ) . subject undertook a 2 min maximal exercise test prior to , and after 60 days , on either a nucleotide ( E ) or placebo supplement . to exercise testing unstimulated saliva samples and blood samples were taken . was analysed for cortisol and IgA , while blood was analysed for lactate , lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase . postexercise C value was significantly higher than the pre-exercise concentration ( P < 0.0001 ; for C , P , and E ) . the postsupplement C analysis , the E postexercise group was significantly lower than either the C ( P < 0.005 ) or the P group ( P < 0.05 ) . the pre - and postsupplementation periods , the pre-exercise SIgA values were significantly higher than the postexercise values ( P < 0.0001 ) . , in the postsupplementation period , the SIgA value in the E group was significantly higher than either the P ( P < 0.05 ) or C ( P < 0.05 ) groups . were no significant changes in blood lactate , lactate dehydrogenase , or creatine kinase concentrations post supplementation . concluded that a chronically ingested nucleotide supplement blunts the response of the hormones associated with physiological stress ."
600,Abstract #600,"improve understanding of barriers to participation in community-based arthritis self-management programmes and patient preferences for self-management education . with hip or knee OA referred to orthopaedic surgeons or rheumatologists at six public and private hospitals in Victoria , Australia , were recruited for a randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) of the Stanford Arthritis Self-Management Programme ( ASMP ) . part of the study design , potential participants were asked during the screening and recruitment process about reasons for being unable to attend the course , reasons for not participating in the study and individual preferences for course scheduling . 1125 individuals assessed , 216 ( 19 % ) were unable to attend six ASMP sessions . was commonly due to physical limitations , including illness , restricted mobility and pain ( 22 % ) , difficulty getting to or from courses ( 22 % ) , work commitments ( 22 % ) , the time commitment required ( 17 % ) and family roles ( 12 % ) . those who did not want to participate in the study ( n = 258 ) , the overwhelming reason was disinterest ( 74 % ) . preferences for course scheduling were frequent , confirming the practical challenges faced in organizing courses for the RCT . patients from public and private settings , this study has elicited new insights into barriers to ASMP participation . people with hip or knee OA have limited capacity and motivation to attend community-based group programmes . self-management programmes and research should include more accessible options for those who can not attend group-based programmes . registration . New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry , http://www.anzctr.org.au/ , ACTRN12606000174583 ."
601,Abstract #601,"estimate whether doxycycline , a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor , would decrease unscheduled bleeding associated with initiation of a continuous oral contraceptive pill . initiating a continuous oral contraceptive pill ( 20 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol/90 micrograms of levonorgestrel ) were randomly assigned to receive either doxycycline ( 100 mg orally twice daily ) or placebo taken for 5 days at the onset of each bleeding or spotting episode during the first 84 days of the study period . the final 28 days of the study , participants were observed on the oral contraceptive pill alone . primary outcome was the number of bleeding and spotting days . sample size of 66 ( 33 in each arm ) was calculated to detect a 50 % reduction in bleeding ( beta = 0.80 , alpha = 0.05 ) and accounted for a 30 % dropout rate . women were randomly assinged ( 33 in each study group ) . were no significant differences during the 84-day treatment in bleeding or spotting days ( doxycycline [ mean { standard error } , placebo , P = .32 ) or the length of the longest bleeding or spotting episode ( doxycycline , placebo , P = .70 ) between study groups . , no significant differences in bleeding patterns existed between groups during the final 28 days . , administered once bleeding has started , does not decrease unscheduled bleeding or shorten episodes of unscheduled bleeding in continuous oral contraceptive pill users ."
602,Abstract #602,"purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metronidazole treatment on the incidence of postoperative pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis . double-blind , randomized , multicenter study was conducted on 231 women undergoing first-trimester legal abortion and fulfilling the criteria for bacterial vaginosis . women were randomized to either metronidazole 500 mg three times daily for 10 days or placebo . was started at the outpatient visit the week before the operation . the 174 women who could be evaluated , pelvic inflammatory disease developed in 14 after the abortion . the treatment group there were three infections ( 3.8 % ) compared with 11 ( 12.2 % ) in the placebo group ( p less than 0.05 ) . data suggest that patients with bacterial vaginosis should be treated in conjunction with first-trimester abortion because treatment with metronidazole reduces the postoperative infection rate more than three times ."
603,Abstract #603,"studies have shown that C-reactive protein ( CRP ) can be used to predict risk of future cardiovascular events . methods for CRP ( hs-CRP ) measurement are needed for this purpose . compared the clinical efficacy of an automated and commercially available latex-enhanced assay ( Latex ) for hs-CRP ( Dade Behring ) to a validated in-house ELISA , previously shown to predict future peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) in asymptomatic populations . a prospective , nested , case-control design , we measured baseline hs-CRP concentrations in 144 apparently healthy men who subsequently developed symptomatic PAD and 144 age - and smoking habit-matched controls who remained free of vascular disease over the follow-up period of 60 months . two hs-CRP assays correlated highly ( r = 0.95 ; P < 0.001 ) , and all but two participants were classified into concordant quartiles or varied by only one quartile . median hs-CRP of the case group was significantly higher than that of controls when measured by either the ELISA ( 1.34 vs 0.99 mg/L ; P = 0.034 ) or the Latex method ( 1.80 vs 1.20 mg/L ; P = 0.042 ) . , for both ELISA and the Latex method , the calculated relative risks of developing PAD increased significantly with each increasing quartile of hs-CRP . calculated interquartile increase in relative risk of PAD was 31 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 5.2-62 .2 % ; P = 0.01 ) for ELISA and 34 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 8.2-66 .1 % ; P = 0.007 ) for the Latex method . findings indicate that the Latex method is equally as efficacious as the validated ELISA in classifying patients into cutoff points established by prospective studies for risk stratification for coronary and cerebrovascular disease ."
604,Abstract #604,"investigate the efficacy of letrozole for delaying bone maturation and increasing predicted adult height in boys with idiopathic central precocious puberty ( ICPP ) who have a bone age above 13 years and a short stature , and its adverse effects . ICPP boys with a bone age above 13 years and a short stature were randomly divided into letrozole treatment ( n = 10 ) and control groups ( n = 10 ) . letrozole treatment group received oral letrozole [ 2.5 mg / ( m ( 2 ) d ) , Qd ] for 6 months , while the control group received no treatment and was observed periodically . age , growth rate , height standard deviation ( SD ) score , predicted adult height SD score , sexual maturity , and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) , luteinizing hormone ( LH ) , dehydroepiandrosterone , testosterone ( T ) , estradiol ( E2 ) , progesterone ( P ) , and androstenedione ( ASD ) were measured . letrozole-related adverse reactions were evaluated . 6 months of treatment , both groups had a significantly increased bone age , but the letrozole group had a significantly slowed increase in bone age compared with the control group ( 13.82 0.23 years vs 14.47 0.30 years ; P < 0.05 ) ; compared with the control group , the letrozole group had a significantly increased predicted adult height SD score ( -1.69 0.26 vs -1.91 0.35 ; P < 0.05 ) and a significantly increased T level ( 4.9 0.9 nmol/L vs 4.4 0.8 nmol/L ; P < 0.05 ) . was no significant difference in testicular volume between the two groups . treatment led to no significant changes in growth rate , Tanner stage , and levels of FSH , LH , P , E2 and ASD in the two groups , and there was no significant difference in these indices between the two groups . adverse reactions were observed during letrozole treatment . delays bone maturation and increases predicted adult height in ICPP boys with a bone age above 13 years and a short stature , and it causes no obvious adverse reactions ."
605,Abstract #605,"compare success rates , complications , and efficiency of suprapubic bladder aspiration with urethral catheterization in ill infants . , randomized clinical study . pediatric emergency department at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson . sample of infants under 6 months of age requiring an uncontaminated urine specimen for the evaluation of febrile illness , suspected urinary tract infection , or sepsis . with wet diapers were excluded . were randomized to undergo timed suprapubic bladder aspiration ( performed by a physician and a nurse ) or urethral catheterization ( performed by two nurses ) . suprapubic bladder aspiration was unsuccessful , urethral catheterization was performed immediately and the bladder was drained ; emptying volume was recorded . patients had a next-void `` bag '' urinalysis performed for post-procedure hematuria . patients underwent primary suprapubic bladder aspiration . success rate ( defined by obtaining at least 2 mL of urine ) was 46 % . + / - SD time per successful suprapubic bladder aspiration was 16.73 + / - 7.73 seconds . patients underwent primary urethral catheterization . success rate was 100 % ; the mean time required was 80.70 + / - 46.52 seconds . failed suprapubic bladder aspiration , urethral catheterization was 100 % successful , with a mean draining volume of 2.95 + / - 2.38 mL . immediate problems were identified among any instrumented patients ; later complications ( next-void hematuria after either procedure , other visceral injury with suprapubic bladder aspiration ) were not detected . suprapubic bladder aspiration and urethral catheterization afford the emergency physician low-risk access to uncontaminated urine in ill infants . bladder aspiration is less efficient in that it requires physician participation and failure rates are higher . data suggest that successful suprapubic bladder aspiration is primarily dependent on the volume of urine in the bladder ; thus , in the ill or febrile ED infant who may be dehydrated , the likelihood of success decreases . authors recommend that ED nursing and physician staff become comfortable with performing urethral catheterization on infants ."
606,Abstract #606,"obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is a progressive , smoking-related , inflammatory lung disease in which tumor necrosis factor-alpha is overexpressed and has been suggested to play a pathogenic role . determine if infliximab , an anti-TNF-alpha antibody , results in clinical benefit and has an acceptable safety profile in patients with moderate to severe COPD . a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group , dose-finding study , subjects with moderate to severe COPD received infliximab ( 3 mg/kg [ n = 78 ] or 5 mg/kg [ n = 79 ] ) or placebo ( n = 77 ) at Weeks 0 , 2 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 . , health status , and safety were assessed through Week 44 . was generally well tolerated , but showed no treatment benefit as measured by the primary endpoint , Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire total score . , there was no change in secondary measures , including prebronchodilator FEV ( 1 ) , 6-min walk distance , SF-36 physical score , transition dyspnea index , or moderate-to-severe COPD exacerbations . hoc analysis revealed that subjects who were younger or cachectic showed improvement in the 6-min walk distance . were diagnosed during the study in 9 of 157 infliximab-treated subjects versus 1 of 77 placebo-treated subjects . opportunistic infections were observed , and there were no differences in the occurrence of antibiotic-requiring infections , although the incidence of pneumonia was higher in infliximab-treated subjects . infection-related mortality was observed . proportions of infliximab-treated subjects discontinued the study agent due to adverse events ( 20-27 % ) than did placebo-treated subjects ( 9 % ) . with moderate to severe COPD did not benefit from treatment with infliximab . not statistically significant , more cases of cancer and pneumonia were observed in the infliximab-treated subjects . impact of infliximab on malignancy risk in patients with COPD needs to be further elucidated ."
607,Abstract #607,"purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a relatively selective cyclooxygenase ( COX ) -2 inhibitor ( nimesulide ) and non-selective COX-1 / COX-2 inhibitor ( naproxen ) used as an adjunct to non-surgical ( scaling and root planing [ SRP ] ) periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients on the gingival tissue ( GT ) levels of prostaglandin ( PG ) E2 and PGF2alpha . patients with chronic periodontitis were divided into 3 groups of 10 each . group received 100 mg of nimesulide ; one received 275 mg of naproxen sodium ; and the third group received placebo tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days as an adjunct to SRP . samples were obtained before drug intake and on day 10 . index ( PI ) and papillary bleeding index ( PBI ) scores were recorded at baseline , day 10 , and at 3 months ; probing depth ( PD ) and clinical attachment level ( CAL ) were recorded at baseline and at 3 months . levels of PGE2 were detected using an enzyme immunoassay ( EIA ) , and the levels of PGF2alpha were analyzed by radioimmunoassay ( RIA ) . among and within the groups were assessed using non-parametric statistical analysis . periodontally healthy individuals served as controls . 3 groups showed statistically significant reductions in PBI and PI on day 10 and at 3 months ( P < 0.02 ) , and in PD and CAL at 3 months ( P < 0.02 , P < 0.05 , respectively ) . the naproxen group , GT PGE2 levels exhibited a significant decrease ( P < 0.05 ) . , the decrease of GT PGE2 levels in the nimesulide group was insignificant ( P > 0.05 ) , while a significant increase was observed in the placebo group ( P < 0.05 ) on day 10 . the nimesulide and naproxen groups showed a significant decrease ( P < 0.05 ) in PGF2alpha level , while the placebo group showed a significant increase ( P < 0.05 ) . , relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors , may have additional inhibitory effects on GT PGF2alpha levels in the first week following non-surgical periodontal treatment . , nimesulide has an insignificant effect on reducing PGE2 levels in gingival tissue . determination of GT levels of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes as well as PGE2 and PGF2alpha in long-term studies may provide further support for the adjunctive use of selective COX-2 inhibitors in treatment of chronic periodontitis ."
608,Abstract #608,"induced by cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) often prevents open heart operations without blood transfusion because of a large CPB-priming volume . vacuum-assisted venous drainage system appears to overcome this problem and our previous experimental study demonstrated the beneficial effect of a vacuum-assisted CPB with a pressure relief valve . this study , we clinically applied this novel system , and evaluated its efficacy by comparing it with the results of a conventional siphon-dependent drainage system . patients undergoing open heart operation were divided into Group V ( vacuum-assisted system , n = 30 ) and Group S ( siphon-dependent system , n = 30 ) . vacuum-assisted system contains a powerful vacuum generator and a pressure relief valve to keep the negative pressure in the reservoir constant when the blood suction is used . CPB-priming volume was significantly smaller in Group V ( V vs. S : 1071 + / -88 vs. 1405 + / -137 ml ; P < 0.01 ) , resulting in the lower hemodilution in Group V evidenced by the minimum hemoglobin level ( V vs. S : 6.83 + / -1.06 vs. 5.78 + / -0.79 mg/dl ; P < 0.01 ) and blood transfusion rate ( V vs. S : 9 vs. 20 % ; P < 0.01 ) . were no significant differences in the plasma free hemoglobin level and the reduction ratio of plasma haptoglobin between the groups . data demonstrate that this vacuum-assisted CPB can provide simplification of the CPB circuit , resulting in a smaller CPB-priming volume and lower hemodilution . vacuum-assisted CPB may attenuate the negative effect of CPB by minimizing hemodilution and appears to be a useful modification to accomplish no blood-requiring open heart operations ."
609,Abstract #609,"compare ondansetron and domperidone for treatment of delayed nausea/vomiting ( DN/V ) following highly emetogenic chemotherapy , after attaining total suppression of emesis on the day of chemotherapy by mean of ondansetron ( combined with dexamethasone in the case of cisplatin-treated patients ) . ( 3 x 20 mg daily ) was compared with ondansetron ( 3 x 8 mg daily ) in a randomized double-bind placebo-controlled study . of 65 consecutive patients who received a first course of either cyclophosphamide and cisplatin for advanced stage ovarian cancer or cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin and 5-fluoro-uracil for metastatic breast carcinoma , 60 patients were eligible for entering the study . to data from the literature these chemotherapeutic regimens with induce DN/V to a comparable degree . patients were questioned daily from day 2 through day 5 by the same investigator and the severity of nausea or vomiting was scored on a numerical scale . was totally suppressed in all patients on the day of chemotherapy . to DN/V , 16 out of 20 patients receiving placebo required `` rescue '' medication versus none in the other two groups ( p < 0.001 ) . 2 ( 10 % ) patients were symptomatic with domperidone versus 9 ( 45 % ) symptomatic patients in the ondansetron-treated group ( p < 0.05 ) . drugs are effective , but domperidone ( 3 x 20 mg ) is more effective than ondansetron ( 3 x 8 mg ) for the prevention of the delayed nausea and/or vomiting which occur after highly emetogenic chemotherapy ( p < 0.05 ) ."
610,Abstract #610,"spinal surgery , intraoperative monitoring of motor-evoked potentials ( MEPs ) is a useful means of assessing the intraoperative integrity of corticospinal pathways . , MEPs are known to be particularly sensitive to the suppressive effects of inhalational halogenated anesthetic agents . investigate the effects of increasing end-tidal concentrations of desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia in a background of propofol and remifentanil with multipulse cortical stimulation on intraoperative monitoring of MEPs . this randomized crossover trial , 14 consecutive patients ( 7 in each arm ) undergoing major spine surgery , under a background anesthetic of propofol ( 75 to 125 mcg/kg/min ) and remifentanil ( 0.1 to 0.2 mcg/kg/min ) , were randomly assigned to receive the sequence of inhalational agents studied : either DES-SEVO ( desflurane followed by sevoflurane ) ; or SEVO-DES ( sevoflurane followed by desflurane ) . ( 0.3 , 0.5 , and 0.7 ) of minimum alveolar concentration ( MAC ) of desflurane and sevoflurane were administered . a washout period of 15 minutes using high fresh oxygen/air flows , each of the patients then received the other gas as the second agent . stimulation was achieved with a train of 5 equivalent square pulses , each 0.05 ms in duration , delivered at 2 ms intervals . recordings were made in the upper limb ( UL ) from first dorsal interosseus and lower limb ( LL ) from tibialis anterior with subdermal needle electrodes . 0.3 MAC desflurane , there was no statistical significant difference in transcranial-evoked MEP amplitudes from the baseline in both UL and LL stimulation . , this was not the case for sevoflurane for which even a low concentration at 0.3 MAC significantly depressed MEP amplitudes of LL ( but not UL ) from baseline value . at 0.5 and 0.7 MAC depresses LL MEP to 58.4 % and 59.9 % of baseline , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) , whereas sevoflurane at 0.3 , 0.5 , and 0.7 MAC depresses LL MEP to 66.2 % , 41.3 % , and 25.3 % of baseline , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . was no difference in latency of the responses at any MAC . anesthetic agents ( sevoflurane > desflurane ) suppress MEP amplitudes in a dose-dependent manner . use of 0.3 MAC of desflurane ( but not sevoflurane ) provided good MEP recordings acceptable for clinical interpretation for both upper and LLs . LL appears to be more sensitive to anesthetic-induced depression compared with the UL . patients studied had normal neurological examination hence , these results may not be applicable to those with preexisting deficits ."
611,Abstract #611,"determine the effectiveness of amisulpride on depression in patients with schizophrenia , in comparison to risperidone . this open-label , 12-week study , patients with stable schizophrenia and a comorbid major or minor depressive episode ( DSM-IV ) taking risperidone were randomized into a risperidone-continuation group ( N = 45 ) or an amisulpride-switch group ( N = 42 ) . main outcome measures were changes from baseline on the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia ( CDSS ) and the Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) . efficacy measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) , and the Global Assessment of Functioning . measures included treatment-emergent adverse events and extrapyramidal symptoms . mean dose at endpoint was 4.2 mg/day for risperidone and 458.3 mg/day for amisulpride . in the CDSS and BDI scores were significantly greater in the amisulpride-switch group than in the risperidone-continuation group at weeks 8 and 12 , and at the endpoint . amisulpride-switch group also showed a significantly greater reduction in the score for the PANSS depression/anxiety factor , and the total score from baseline to endpoint . significant difference was observed between the two groups for treatment-emergent adverse events or change from baseline for extrapyramidal symptoms . from risperidone to amisulpride in patients with stable schizophrenia with comorbid depression improved depressive symptoms significantly compared to continuing with risperidone ."
612,Abstract #612,"wakefulness impairs sustained vigilant attention , measured with the psychomotor vigilance task ( PVT ) , and induces a compensatory increase in sleep intensity in recovery sleep , quantified by slow-wave activity ( SWA ) in the sleep electroencephalogram ( EEG ) . effects of sleep deprivation are counteracted by the adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine , implying involvement of the adenosine neuromodulator/receptor system . examine a role for adenosine A ( 2A ) receptors , we investigated whether variation of the A ( 2A ) receptor gene ( ADORA2A ) modified effects of caffeine on PVT and SWA after sleep deprivation . haplotype analysis of eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms of ADORA2A was performed in 82 volunteers . 45 young men carrying five different allele combinations , we investigated the effects of prolonged waking and 2 200 mg caffeine or 2 100 mg modafinil on psychomotor vigilance , sleepiness , and the waking and sleep EEG . extended wakefulness , the carriers of haplotype HT4 performed faster on the PVT than carriers of non-HT4 haplotype alleles . haplotype HT4 , caffeine failed to counteract the waking-induced impairment of PVT performance and the rebound of SWA in recovery sleep . , caffeine was effective in non-HT4 allele carriers , and modafinil reduced the consequences of prolonged waking , independently of ADORA2A haplotype . genetic variation of ADORA2A is an important determinant of psychomotor vigilance in rested and sleep-deprived state . also modulates individual responses to caffeine after sleep deprivation . findings demonstrate a role for adenosine A ( 2A ) receptors in the effects of prolonged wakefulness on vigilant attention and the sleep EEG ."
613,Abstract #613,"medical and physiological conditions that might alter electroencephalography ( EEG ) , such as hypoglycaemia , hypothermia or hypovolaemia , were shown to result in the bispectral Index ( BIS ) indicating an incorrect hypnotic state . , acute normovolaemic haemodilution ( ANH ) was shown to be associated with significant impairment of cognitive functions that could alter EEG and consequently BIS monitoring , an EEG derived parameter . a randomised clinical study , we assessed the effect of ANH on BIS monitoring before induction and after propofol target controlled infusion ( TCI ) anaesthesia in 45 unmedicated patients randomly allocated to ANH with oxygen insufflation ( oxygen group ) , ANH with air insufflation ( air group ) , or control group . ANH , mean BIS values briefly declined in the oxygen group ( 82 + / -4 ) and air group ( 84 + / -3 ) before returning to baseline values . loss of consciousness time was significantly shorter , with fewer propofol TCI dose requirements , and BIS was significantly higher in the oxygen group ( 1.3 + / -0.5 min , 2.41 + / -0.15 microg/ml , 73 + / -7 ) and air group ( 1.2 + / -0.6 min , 2.44 + / -0.17 microg/ml , 75 + / -5 ) , compared with the control group ( 1.7 + / -0.4 min , 2.75 + / -0.17 microg/ml , 61 + / -5 ) , respectively . , there was no significant difference in BIS values between the oxygen group ( 38 + / -7 ) , air group ( 36 + / -5 ) and control group ( 40 + / -6 ) at propofol TCI 4 microg/ml anaesthesia maintenance . values briefly declined with ANH before returning to baseline values before anaesthesia induction . transient ANH enhancement of propofol effect during induction , there was no significant difference in BIS values with or without ANH during propofol maintenance of anaesthesia ."
614,Abstract #614,"effects of aneurysm treatment modality ( clipping or coiling ) on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage have not been clearly defined . hypothesized that there may be a difference in angiographic and clinical vasospasm , cerebral infarction , and clinical outcome between patients undergoing clipping compared to coiling . retrospective , exploratory analysis of 413 patients randomized into the CONSCIOUS-1 trial was conducted . underwent baseline and follow-up catheter angiography and computed tomography , as well as clinical assessments . end points were adjudicated by central blinded review , and angiographic vasospasm was quantified by measurements of arterial diameters on catheter angiography . effect of method of aneurysm treatment ( clipping [ n = 199 ] or coiling [ n = 214 ] ) on angiographic vasospasm , delayed ischemic neurological deficit , cerebral infarction , and clinical outcome was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression . matching was used to adjust for differences in baseline risk factors between clipped and coiled patients . all patients and the propensity-matched subset , aneurysm coiling was associated with a significantly reduced risk of angiographic vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurological deficit compared to clipping . infarction and clinical outcome were not associated with clipping or coiling . this exploratory analysis , aneurysm coiling was associated with less angiographic vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurological deficit than surgical clipping , whereas no effect on cerebral infarction or clinical outcome was observed . this is attributable to differences in baseline risk factors between clipped and coiled patients or a true difference can not be proven here ."
615,Abstract #615,"with Becker muscular dystrophy ( BMD ) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy lack neuronal nitric oxide synthase ( nNOS ) . mediates physiological sympatholysis , thus ensuring adequate blood supply to working muscle . mice lacking dystrophin , restoration of nNOS effects by a phosphodiesterase 5 ( PDE5 ) inhibitor ( sildenafil ) improves skeletal and cardiac muscle performance . also improves blood flow in patients with BMD . therefore hypothesized that sildenafil would improve blood flow , maximal work capacity , and heart function in patients with BMD . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover design with two 4-week periods of treatment , separated by 2-week washout was used . assessed brachial artery blood flow during maximal handgrip exercise , 6-minute walk test , maximal oxidative capacity , and life quality ; cardiac function was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) at rest and during maximal handgrip exercise . nNOS and PDE5 were tested with Western blotting in 5 patients . patients completed all skeletal muscle evaluations , and 13 completed the cardiac MRI investigations . had no effect on any of the outcome parameters . serious adverse effects were recorded . and nNOS were deficient in 5 of 5 biopsies . positive evidence from animal models of dystrophinopathy and physiological findings in patients with BMD , this double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical study showed no effect of sildenafil on blood flow , maximal work capacity , and heart function in adults with BMD . discrepancy may be explained by a significant downregulation of PDE5 in muscle ."
616,Abstract #616,"observe the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Fumai Injection ( YFI ) combined hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablet in the treatment of Sjogren 's syndrome patients . patients were randomly assigned to three groups . patients in Group A were treated with YFI alone , 2.6 g YFI added in 250 mL normal saline for intravenous dripping , once daily . patients in Group B took hydroxychloroquine sulfate alone , 0.2 g each time , twice daily . patients in Group C were treated with YFI and hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablet ( with the same dose and dosage as Group A and B ) . days was taken as one course of treatment . scores for dry mouth and dry eyes , the efficacy on salivary flow rate , Schirmer test , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and IgG , and so on were compared among the three groups before and after treatment . was no significant difference in the laboratory parameters and clinical symptoms among the three groups before treatment . treatment obvious improvement of the scores for dry mouth , the salivary flow rate , Schirmer test , ESR , CRP , and IgG was shown in all the 3 groups ( P < 0.05 ) . , the optimal effect was shown in Group C. Its total effective rate was 85 % ( 17/20 ) , better than that of Group A [ 80 % ( 32/40 ) ] and Group B [ 75 % ( 15/20 ) ] , with no statistical difference ( chi2 = 0.736 and 0.695 , P > 0.05 ) . combined hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablet showed better effects in treating Sjogren 's syndrome patients than using Chinese medicine or Western medicine alone ."
617,Abstract #617,"identify the clinical and laboratory predictors of clinical improvement in a cohort of myositis patients treated with rituximab . analyzed data for 195 patients with myositis ( 75 with adult polymyositis [ PM ] , 72 with adult dermatomyositis [ DM ] , and 48 with juvenile DM ) in the Rituximab in Myositis trial . improvement was defined as 20 % improvement in at least 3 of the following 6 core set measures of disease activity : physician 's and patient 's / parent 's global assessment of disease activity , manual muscle testing , physical function , muscle enzymes , and extramuscular disease activity . analyzed the association of the following baseline variables with improvement : myositis clinical subgroup , demographics , myositis damage , clinical and laboratory parameters , core set measures , rituximab treatment , and myositis autoantibodies ( antisynthetase , anti-Mi-2 , anti-signal recognition particle , anti-transcription intermediary factor 1 [ TIF-1 ] , anti-MJ , other autoantibodies , and no autoantibodies ) . measures were univariately assessed for association with improvement using time-to-event analyses . multivariable time-dependent proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association of individual predictive factors with improvement . the final multivariable model , the presence of an antisynthetase , primarily anti-Jo-1 ( hazard ratio [ HR ] 3.08 , P < 0.01 ) , anti-Mi-2 ( HR 2.5 , P < 0.01 ) , or other autoantibody ( HR 1.4 , P = 0.14 ) predicted a shorter time to improvement compared to the absence of autoantibodies . lower physician 's global assessment of damage ( HR 2.32 , P = 0.02 ) and juvenile DM ( versus adult myositis ) ( HR 2.45 , P = 0.01 ) also predicted improvement . autoantibody status , the predictive effect of physician 's global assessment of damage and juvenile DM diminished by week 20 . treatment did not affect these associations . findings indicate that the presence of antisynthetase and anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies , juvenile DM subset , and lower disease damage strongly predict clinical improvement in patients with refractory myositis ."
618,Abstract #618,"assess treatment discontinuation and concomitant use of other antipsychotics among individuals initiated on olanzapine or risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia . data from the Quebec health insurance plan and the Quebec database for hospitalization , we conducted a population-based cohort study of patients for whom a first claim for olanzapine or risperidone was submitted between 1 January 1997 and 31 August 1999 . were 6405 patients with schizophrenia whom we followed from the date of the first claim for olanzapine or risperidone either to discontinuation date , end of eligibility for the drug plan , 365 days , date of moving out of the province , or date of death . used Cox regression models to compute hazards ratios ( HRs ) of having the treatment discontinued and logistic regression models to compute odds ratios ( ORs ) among persisting patients of having any concomitant antipsychotic prescription . models were adjusted for age , sex , schizophrenia disorder , comorbidity , region , beneficiary type , substance use disorder , and prior hospitalization for mental illness . with risperidone users ( n = 2718 ) , discontinuation rates were lower for olanzapine users ( n = 3687 ; HR = 0.79 ; 95 % CI , 0.74 to 0.84 ) . odds of receiving any concomitant antipsychotic prescription did not differ statistically between olanzapine and risperidone users ( OR 0.85 ; 95 % CI , 0.71 to 1.01 ) . study results suggest that new users of olanzapine were less likely to discontinue their initial treatment than were new users of risperidone , although discontinuation was high in both groups . those who persisted , concomitant use of other antipsychotics did not differ between olanzapine users and risperidone users ."
619,Abstract #619,"compare closure times , cuff healing , and postoperative dyspareunia between barbed and traditional sutures during laparoscopic total hysterectomy . randomized clinical trial ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . university hospital . women undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy . laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed using standard techniques . vaginal cuff closure method was randomized to barbed suture ( Quill ; Angiotech Pharmaceuticals , Inc. , Vancouver , Canada ) or standard suture ( Vicryl ; Ethicon Inc. , Somerville , NJ ) . time required for cuff closure was documented . were examined postoperatively to assess cuff healing , and a standardized sexual function questionnaire was administered preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively . mean vaginal cuff closure time was 10.4 minutes versus 9.6 minutes in the barbed versus standard suture group ( p = .51 ) . healing appeared similar between the 2 groups . of dyspareunia , partner dyspareunia , and sexual function were similar in both groups at 3 months postoperatively . cuff closure times were significantly faster among attendings compared with residents/fellows ( 7.1 vs. 12.8 minutes , respectively ; p < .0001 ) . study was designed to have a statistical power of 80 % to detect a difference of 5 minutes in cuff closure time between the 2 groups ( level of 0.05 ) . vaginal cuff closure times are similar when using barbed sutures and braided sutures ."
620,Abstract #620,"Veterans Health Administration ( VHA ) oversees the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States . feasibility of a large-scale , nationwide , group-randomized implementation trial of VHA outpatient practices has not been reported . describe the recruitment and enrollment of such a trial testing a clinician-directed , Internet-delivered intervention for improving the care of postmyocardial infarction patients with multiple comorbidities . a recruitment goal of 200 eligible community-based outpatient clinics , parent VHA facilities ( medical centers ) were recruited because they oversee their affiliated clinics and the research conducted there . facilities had at least four VHA-owned and - operated primary care clinics , an affiliated Institutional Review Board ( IRB ) , and no ongoing , potentially overlapping , quality-improvement study . December 2003 and December 2005 , in two consecutive phases , we used initial and then intensified recruitment strategies . , 48 of 66 ( 73 % ) eligible facilities were recruited . the 219 clinics and 957 clinicians associated with the 48 facilities , 168 ( 78 % ) clinics and 401 ( 42 % ) clinicians participated . median time from initial facility contact to clinic enrollment was 222 days , which decreased by over one-third from the first to the second recruitment phase ( medians : 323 and 195 days , respectively ; p < .001 ) , when more structured recruitment with physician recruiters was implemented and a dedicated IRB manager was added to the coordinating center staff . group-randomized trials benefit from having dedicated physician investigators and IRB personnel involved in recruitment . large-scale , nationally representative , group-randomized trial of community-based clinics is feasible within the VHA or a similar national healthcare system ."
621,Abstract #621,"reminder systems increase influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates , but computerized standing order systems have not been previously described or evaluated . determine the effects of computerized physician standing orders compared with physician reminders on inpatient vaccination rates . trial of 3777 general medicine patients discharged from 1 of 6 study wards during a 14-month period ( November 1 , 1998 , through December 31 , 1999 ) composed of 2 overlapping influenza seasons at an urban public teaching hospital . hospital 's computerized physician order entry system identified inpatients eligible for influenza and pneumococcal vaccination . patients with standing orders , the system automatically produced vaccine orders directed to nurses at the time of patient discharge . patients with reminders , the computer system provided reminders to physicians that included vaccine orders during routine order entry sessions . administration . the approximately 6 months of the influenza season , 50 % of all hospitalized patients were identified as eligible for influenza vaccination . percent of patients hospitalized during the entire 14 months of the study were found eligible for pneumococcal vaccination . with standing orders received an influenza vaccine significantly more often ( 42 % ) than those patients with reminders ( 30 % ) ( P < .001 ) . with standing orders received a pneumococcal vaccine significantly more often ( 51 % ) than those with reminders ( 31 % ) ( P < .001 ) . standing orders were more effective than computerized reminders for increasing both influenza and pneumococcal vaccine administration . findings suggest that computerized standing orders should be used more widely for this purpose ."
622,Abstract #622,"determine whether use of a single heat and moisture exchanger ( HME ) for < or = 120 hrs affects efficiency , resistance , level of bacterial colonization , frequency rate of nosocomial pneumonia , and cost compared with changing the HME every 24 hrs . , controlled , randomized , unblinded study . intensive care unit at a university teaching hospital . total of 220 consecutive patients requiring mechanical ventilation for > 48 hrs . were randomized to one of three groups : a ) hygroscopic HME ( Aqua + ) changed every 24 hrs ( HHME-24 ) ; b ) hydrophobic HME ( Duration HME ) changed every 120 hrs ( HME-120 ) ; and c ) hygroscopic HME ( Aqua + ) changed every 120 hrs ( HHME-120 ) . in all groups could be changed at the discretion of the staff when signs of occlusion or increased resistance were identified . measurements of inspired gas temperature , inspired relative humidity , and device resistance were made . , daily cultures of the patient side of the device were accomplished . frequency rate of nosocomial pneumonia was made by using clinical criteria . support variables , airway care , device costs , and clinical indicators of humidification efficiency ( sputum volume , sputum efficiency ) were also recorded . use of both hygroscopic and hydrophobic devices did not diminish efficiency or increase resistance . was no difference in the number of colony-forming units from device cultures over the 5-day period and no difference between colony-forming units in devices changed every 24 hrs compared with devices changed after 120 hrs . average duration of use was 23 + / -4 hrs in the HHME-24 group , 73 + / -13 hrs in the HME-120 group , and 74 + / -9 hrs in the HHME-120 group . absolute humidity was greater for the hygroscopic devices ( 30.4 + / -1.1 mg of H2O/L ) compared with the hydrophobic devices ( 27.8 + / -1.3 mg of H2O/L ) . frequency rate of nosocomial pneumonia was 8 % ( 8:100 ) in the HHME-24 group , 8.3 % ( 5:60 ) in the HME-120 group , and 6.6 % ( 4:60 ) in the HHME-120 group . rates per 1000 ventilatory support days were 20:1000 in the HHME-24 group , 20.8:1000 in the HME-120 group , and 16.6:1000 in the HHME-120 group . per day were $ 3.24 for the HHME-24 group , $ 2.98 for the HME-120 group , and $ 1.65 for the HHME-120 group . the hydrophobic or hygroscopic HME after 3 days does not diminish efficiency , increase resistance , or alter bacterial colonization . frequency rate of nosocomial pneumonia was also unchanged . of HMEs for > 24 hrs , up to 72 hrs , is safe and cost effective ."
623,Abstract #623,"prognostic utility of circulating plasma microRNA in patients with acute coronary syndromes ( ACS ) has been proposed but not yet demonstrated . set out to investigate circulating microRNA levels in patients incurring recent ACS and examined associations with neurohormones , cardiac structure and function , and survival over 5 years of follow-up . initial screen of 375 microRNAs was performed in 35 ACS patients and 16 healthy controls . identified from the initial screen ( miR-323-3p , miR-652 , miR-27b , miR-103 and miR-208a ) were validated in a further cohort of 200 patients at baseline ( ~ 30 days post-ACS ) and at 4 and 12 months post-ACS , and compared with 100 controls . the validation cohort , significantly higher levels in patients were replicated for miR-323-3p , miR-652 and miR-27b ( 10-fold , 2.3-fold and 2.3-fold , respectively , adjusted p < 0.05 ) . levels of miR-103 were not replicated and miR-208a was undetectable . baseline to 4 months post-admission , miR-323-3p and miR-652 remained elevated in patients compared to controls ( adjusted p < 0.01 ) , with no further change in levels between 4 and 12 months ; whereas miR-27b fell to control levels by 4 months . levels of miR-652 in the lowest tertile were significantly associated with readmission for heart failure ( log-rank p < 0.001 ) . combination with NT-proBNP and LVEF , miR-652 significantly improved risk stratification ( p < 0.001 ) . study identifies miR-652 as a novel candidate biomarker for post-ACS prognosis beyond existing biomarkers of LVEF and NT-proBNP . circulating miR-323-3p was markedly elevated in patients for at least a year post-ACS and may be a stable biomarker for ACS ."
624,Abstract #624,"growth in health care expenditures and changing patterns in the demand for health care challenge societies worldwide . Chronic Care Model ( CCM ) , combined with classification for care needs based on Kaiser Permanente ( KP ) Triangle , may offer a suitable framework for change . aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of Embrace , a population-based model for integrated elderly care , regarding patient outcomes , service use , costs , and quality of care . CCM and the KP Triangle were translated to the Dutch setting and adapted to the full elderly population living in the community . randomized controlled trial with balanced allocation was designed to test the effectiveness of Embrace . elderly persons are 75 years and older and enrolled with one of the participating general practitioner practices . on scores on the INTERMED-Elderly Self-Assessment and Groningen Frailty Indicator , participants will be stratified into one of three strata : ( A ) robust ; ( B ) frail ; and ( C ) complex care needs . , participants will be randomized per stratum to Embrace or care as usual . encompasses an Elderly Care Team per general practitioner practice , an Electronic Elderly Record System , decision support instruments , and a self-management support and prevention program - combined with care and support intensity levels increasing from stratum A to stratum C. Primary outcome variables are patient outcomes , service use , costs , and quality of care . will be collected at baseline , twelve months after starting date , and during the intervention period . study could provide evidence for the effectiveness of Embrace . Netherlands National Trial Register NTR3039 ."
625,Abstract #625,"study the suppressive effect of inhalation of a selective beta 2-adrenergic bronchodilator terbutaline , and the effect of an intravenous anticholinergic , atropine , on fentanyl-induced coughing . studied 131 ASA class I patients , aged 16-45 yr , scheduled for elective surgery , randomized into four groups . minutes before bolus fentanyl ( 5 micrograms.kg-1 , iv ) , patients inhaled either normal saline ( 4 ml ; Group I , n = 30 ) or terbutaline ( 5 mg in 2 ml normal saline ; Group 2 , n = 34 ) via a jet nebulizer . inhalation of normal saline , patients in Group 3 ( n = 32 ) received sterile water iv instead of fentanyl . in Group 4 ( n = 35 ) were pretreated with atropine ( 0.01 mg.kg-1 , iv ) 10 min before iv fentanyl bolus . onset , frequency and intensity of cough were observed immediately by an anaesthetist blinded to the study . cough frequency was higher in Groups I ( 43 % ) and 4 ( 46 % ) than in Groups 2 ( 3 % ) and 3 ( 0 % ) ( P < 0.05 ) . onset time and intensity of cough showed no difference among groups . truncal rigidity was observed in patients receiving fentanyl bolus iv . blood pressure , heart rate , and peripheral oxygen saturation did not change in Groups 1 , 2 , and 3 , while patients in Group 4 showed an increase in heart rate ( 25.5 + / - 15.2 % ) . inhalation of a selective beta 2-adrenergic bronchodilator , terbutaline , effectively inhibited fentanyl-induced cough , whereas atropine , an antimuscarinic vagolytic , had no efficacy . results suggest that bronchoconstriction may underlie the mechanism on fentanyl-induced cough ."
626,Abstract #626,"prospective randomized clinical study investigated the efficacy and safety of 7.2 % hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch 200/0 .5 ( 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 ) in comparison with 15 % mannitol in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure ( ICP ) . neurosurgical patients at risk of increased ICP were randomized to receive either 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 or 15 % mannitol at a defined infusion rate , which was stopped when ICP was < 15 mmHg . the 40 patients , 17 patients received 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 and 15 received mannitol 15 % . eight patients , ICP did not exceed 20 mmHg so treatment was not necessary . drugs decreased ICP below 15 mmHg ( p < 0.0001 ) ; 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 within 6.0 ( 1.2-15 .0 ) min ( all results are presented as median ( minimum-maximum range ) ) and mannitol within 8.7 ( 4.2-19 .9 ) min ( p < 0.0002 ) . % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 caused a greater decrease in ICP than mannitol ( 57 % vs 48 % ; p < 0.01 ) . cerebral perfusion pressure was increased from 60 ( 39-78 ) mmHg to 72 ( 54-85 ) mmHg by infusion with 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 ( p < 0.0001 ) and from 61 ( 47-71 ) mmHg to 70 ( 50-79 ) mmHg with mannitol ( p < 0.0001 ) . mean arterial pressure was increased by 3.7 % during the infusion of 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 but was not altered by mannitol . were no clinically relevant effects on electrolyte concentrations and osmolarity in the blood . mean effective dose to achieve an ICP below 15 mmHg was 1.4 ( 0.3-3 .1 ) ml/kg for 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 and 1.8 ( 0.45-6 .5 ) ml/kg for mannitol ( p < 0.05 ) . % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 is more effective than mannitol 15 % in the treatment of increased ICP . dose of 1.4 ml/kg of 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 can be recommended as effective and safe . advantage of 7.2 % NaCl/HES 200/0 .5 might be explained by local osmotic effects , because there were no clinically relevant differences in hemodynamic clinical chemistry parameters ."
627,Abstract #627,"cognitive ability and developmental delays have been implicated in the causation of mental illness . examine the prevalence , socio-demographic characteristics , psychopathology and social functioning profiles of people with low intelligence and recurrent psychotic illness . multi-centre randomised controlled trial of case management provided the opportunity to explore associations between mental illness and borderline intellectual functioning ( assessed using the National Adult Reading test ) . prevalence of borderline intelligence was 18 % . positive associations were shown with : being Black Caribbean ; having a father who worked in a manual occupation ; lower educational achievement ; having had special education ; longer course of illness . with borderline intelligence had greater disability and were more likely to suffer extrapyramidal side-effects and show evidence of negative symptoms . achievement , history of special education and social class were the best socio-demographic predictors of intellectual level . patients who attend generic psychiatric services have considerable intellectual deficits . may lead to difficulties in other domains of adaptive functioning , and merits further investigation as well as clinical vigilance ."
628,Abstract #628,"studies suggest a protective effect of n-3 fatty acids derived from fish ( eicosapentaenoic acid [ EPA ] and docosahexaenoic acid [ DHA ] ) against cognitive decline . - linolenic acid ( ALA ) obtained from vegetable sources , the effect on cognitive decline is unknown . examined the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on cognitive decline in coronary heart disease patients . analysis included 2911 coronary patients ( 78 % men ) aged 60 to 80 years who participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases ( Alpha Omega Trial ) . using a 2 2 factorial design , patients were randomly assigned to margarines that provided 400 mg/d of EPA-DHA , 2 g/d of ALA , both EPA-DHA and ALA , or placebo for 40 months . function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) at baseline and after 40 months . effect of n-3 fatty acids on change in MMSE score was assessed using analysis of variance . regression analysis was used to examine the effects on risk of cognitive decline , defined as a decrease of 3 or more points in MMSE score or incidence of dementia . in the active treatment groups had an additional intake of 384 mg of EPA-DHA , 1.9 g of ALA , or both . overall MMSE score in this cohort was 28.3 1.6 points , which decreased by 0.67 2.25 points during follow-up . in MMSE score during intervention did not differ significantly between EPA-DHA and placebo ( -0.65 vs -0.69 points , P = .44 ) or between ALA and placebo ( -0.60 vs -0.74 points , P = .12 ) . risk of cognitive decline was 1.03 ( 95 % confidence interval : 0.84-1 .26 , P = .80 ) for EPA-DHA ( vs placebo ) and 0.90 ( 0.74-1 .10 , P = .31 ) for ALA ( vs placebo ) . large intervention study showed no effect of dietary doses of n-3 fatty acids on global cognitive decline in coronary heart disease patients ."
629,Abstract #629,"low-carbohydrate diets are widely used for weight loss yet few controlled studies have determined how these diets impact cardiovascular risk factors compared to more traditional low-fat weight loss diets . primary purpose of this study was to compare a very low-carbohydrate and a low-fat diet on fasting blood lipids , LDL subclasses , postprandial lipemia , and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women . normolipidemic , moderately overweight ( body fat > 30 % ) women were prescribed two hypocaloric ( -500 kcal/day ) diets for 4 week periods , a very low-carbohydrate ( < 10 % carbohydrate ) and a low-fat ( < 30 % fat ) diet . diets were consumed in a balanced and randomized fashion . fasting blood draws were performed on separate days and an oral fat tolerance test was performed at baseline , after the very low-carbohydrate diet , and after the low-fat diet . to corresponding values after the very low-carbohydrate diet , fasting total cholesterol , LDL-C , and HDL-C were significantly ( p < or = 0.05 ) lower , whereas fasting glucose , insulin , and insulin resistance ( calculated using the homeostatic model assessment ) were significantly higher after the low-fat diet . diets significantly decreased postprandial lipemia and resulted in similar nonsignificant changes in the total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio , fasting triacylglycerols , oxidized LDL , and LDL subclass distribution . to a low-fat weight loss diet , a short-term very low-carbohydrate diet did not lower LDL-C but did prevent the decline in HDL-C and resulted in improved insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese , but otherwise healthy women . decreases in body mass improved postprandial lipemia , and therefore cardiovascular risk , independent of diet composition ."
630,Abstract #630,"than 60 % of stroke survivors experience residual deficits of the paretic upper limb/hand . rehabilitation generates modest gains . delivered to the surviving Primary Motor Cortex in the stroke-affected hemisphere has been considered a promising adjunct . , recent trials challenge its advantage . discuss our pilot clinical trial that aims to address factors implicated in divergent success of the approach . assess safety , feasibility and efficacy of targeting an alternate locus during rehabilitation - the premotor cortex . anticipating variance across patients , we measure neural markers differentiating response from non-response . a randomized , sham-controlled , double-blinded pilot clinical study , patients with chronic stroke ( n = 20 ) are assigned to receive transcranial direct current stimulation delivered to the premotor cortex or sham during rehabilitation of the paretic arm/hand . receive the designated intervention for 30 min , twice a day for 3 days a week for 5 weeks . assess hand function and patients ' reports of use of paretic hand . general linear mixed methods model will analyze changes from pre - to post-intervention . and non-responders will be compared upon baseline level of function , and neural substrates , including function and integrity of output tracts , bi-hemispheric balance , and lesion profile . of adverse events will be compared using Fisher 's Exact test , while rigor of blinding will be assessed with Chi-square analysis to ascertain feasibility . success of cortical stimulation in rehabilitation can be related to gaps in theoretical basis and clinical investigation . that most patients with severe deficits have damage to the primary motor cortex or its output pathways , it would be futile to target stimulation to this site . suggest targeting premotor cortex because it contributes substantially to descending output , a role that is amplified with greater damage to the motor cortex . regards to clinical investigation , paired cortical stimulation in rehabilitation has been compared to rehabilitation alone in unblinded trials or to unconvincing sham conditions . direct current stimulation , a noninvasive technique of brain stimulation , which offers a more effective placebo and has a favorable safety-feasibility profile , may improve scientific rigor . markers of response would help inform patient selection for future clinical trials so we can address limitations of recent negative studies . ."
631,Abstract #631,"evaluate the effect of circumcision and/or antibiotic prophylaxis on periurethral flora and associated bacteriuria in male children with and without vesicoureteral reflux ( VUR ) . study included 91 boys with low-grade VUR and 106 healthy boys ( control ) without VUR . boys with VUR were randomized as antibiotic prophylaxis only and antibiotic prophylaxis plus circumcision . boys without VUR were randomized as circumcision group and followed-up group without circumcision . swab and urine cultures were obtained from the participants at the beginning of the study , and at 1st , 3rd , 6th , 9th , and 12th month . groups were compared in terms of positive periurethral and urine cultures . positive periurethral culture rate was significantly lower in the circumcised boys at all measurement times . positive urine culture rate in the circumcised boys was lower than in the uncircumcised boys . analysis based on age groups showed that age did not affect these statistical differences . decreases colonization of periurethral bacterial pathogenic flora . boys with low-grade VUR , circumcision plus antibiotic prophylaxis prevented recurrent and febrile urinary tract infections ."
632,Abstract #632,"evaluate the effectiveness of different brief intervention strategies at reducing hazardous or harmful drinking in the probation setting . managers were randomized to three interventions , each of which built on the previous one : feedback on screening outcome and a client information leaflet control group , 5 min of structured brief advice and 20 min of brief lifestyle counselling . pragmatic multicentre factorial cluster randomized controlled trial . primary outcome was self-reported hazardous or harmful drinking status measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test ( AUDIT ) at 6 months ( negative status was a score of < 8 ) . outcomes were AUDIT status at 12 months , experience of alcohol-related problems , health utility , service utilization , readiness to change and reduction in conviction rates . rates were 68 % at 6 months and 60 % at 12 months . both time points , there was no significant advantage of more intensive interventions compared with the control group in terms of AUDIT status . in the brief advice and brief lifestyle counselling intervention groups were statistically significantly less likely to reoffend ( 36 and 38 % , respectively ) than those in the client information leaflet group ( 50 % ) in the year following intervention . advice or brief lifestyle counselling provided no additional benefit in reducing hazardous or harmful drinking compared with feedback on screening outcome and a client information leaflet . impact of more intensive brief intervention on reoffending warrants further research ."
633,Abstract #633,"high Levels of glucose , glucose degradation products ( GDPs ) , and lactate buffer present in standard peritoneal dialysis ( PD ) solutions contribute to peritoneal damage , malnutrition , and dyslipidemia . , we studied the feasibility of a PD regimen as low as possible in glucose and GDPs . a prospective 30-week study , patients new to continuous ambulatory PD ( CAPD ) were randomized to either a standard PD regimen ( SPD ; 4 dwells glucose - / lactate-based ) or a low glucose-GDP regimen ( NEPP ; 1 dwell amino acids , 1 dwell icodextrin , and two dwells bicarbonate/lactate-buffered glucose-based solution ) . obtained during a 30-week study period for 63 new CAPD patients ( 30 NEPP , 33 SPD ) were analyzed . glucose load was lower in the NEPP group ( 111 + / - 76 vs 159 + / - 40 g/day at 30 weeks , p < 0.001 ) . efficacy , ultrafiltration , weight , blood pressure , and laboratory results were similar in the groups , whereas , in the NEPP group , cancer antigen 125 in dialysate effluents decreased less but dialysate-to-plasma ratios were slightly higher . treatment of new CAPD patients with a PD regimen low in glucose and GDPs is feasible . efficacy , ultrafiltration , and metabolic consequences are similar to those during a standard glucose-lactate-based regimen , whereas peritoneal transport seems slightly higher and preservation of mesothelial cell mass better during NEPP ."
634,Abstract #634,"purpose of this study was to investigate whether the knee joint dynamics during a forward lunge could be modulated by experimentally induced vastus medialis pain in healthy subjects . cross-over study . movement laboratory . healthy subjects were included . subject was excluded during data collection . subjects performed forward lunges before , during and 20 minutes after induction of experimental quadriceps muscle pain . pain was induced using hypertonic saline ( 5.8 % ) injected intramuscularly . saline ( 0.9 % ) was used as control . movement analyses were performed and inverse dynamics were used to calculate joint kinematics and kinetics for ankle , knee and hip joints . ( EMG ) signals of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles were recorded . and after pain , significant decreases in knee joint dynamics and EMG recordings were observed . study shows that local pain in the quadriceps is capable of modulating movements with high knee joint dynamics . results may have implications in the management of muscle pain and prevention of injuries during activities involving the knee joint ."
635,Abstract #635,"object of this study was to determine , taking into account uncertainty on cost and outcome parameters , the cost-effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy ( HDC ) compared with conventional chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer patients . analysis was conducted for 300 patients included in a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the benefits , in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival , of adding a single course of HDC to a four-cycle conventional-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node invasion . were estimated from a detailed observation of physical quantities consumed , and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate mean survival times . cost-effectiveness ratios were evaluated successively considering disease-free survival and overall survival outcomes . of uncertainty consisted in construction of confidence intervals for these ratios , using the truncated Fieller method . cost per disease-free life year gained was evaluated at 13,074 Euros , a value that seems to be acceptable to society . , handling uncertainty shows that the upper bound of the confidence interval is around 38,000 Euros , which is nearly three times higher . , as no difference was demonstrated in overall survival between treatments , cost-effectiveness analysis , that is a cost minimization , indicated that the intensive treatment is a dominated strategy involving an extra cost of 7,400 Euros , for no added benefit . a single course of HDC led to a clinical benefit in terms of disease-free survival for an additional cost that seems to be acceptable , considering the point estimate of the ratio . , handling uncertainty indicates a maximum ratio for which conclusions have to be discussed ."
636,Abstract #636,"condition of patients after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is influenced among others by the subsequent development of restenoses and reocclusions . objective of the submitted work was to assess whether oral administration of heparan sulphate can influence the development of restenoses after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the pelvic and femoropopliteal region . patients ( 78 men and 24 women , age 42-86 years ) were divided into four groups . transluminal angioplasty was performed either on account stenosis in the aortoiliac or femoropopliteal area . The original number was 115 patients , 13 patients were eliminated : the reasons were technical failure of the intervention procedure , reocclusion , the patient was lost from records . ) antiaggregant the patients were given acetylsalicylic acid , 250 mg/day : patients included in the heparan group were given heparan sulphate ( Hemovasal , Manetti and Roberts ) 100 mg/day for a period of 3 - 4 months . compared with controls , the patients treated with heparan sulphate had within the 3 - 4 month period a significantly longer claudication distance ( p < 0.05 ) , a higher Doppler index ( p < 0.05 ) and maximal blood flow in the feet . sulphate administration to patients after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on account of stenosis of the aortoiliac or femoropopliteal area improves some angiological parameters which can suggest a slighter tendency of early restenosis ."
637,Abstract #637,"aim of screening is to detect a cancer in the preclinical state . , a false-positive or a false-negative test result is a real possibility . describe invasive breast cancer progression in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study and construct progression models with and without covariates . effect of risk factors on transition intensities and false-negative probability is investigated . estimate the transition rates , the sojourn time and sensitivity of diagnostic tests for women aged 40-49 and 50-59 . younger women have a slower transition rate from healthy state to preclinical , their screen-detected tumour becomes evident sooner . aged 50-59 have a higher mortality rate compared with younger women . mean sojourn times for women aged 40-49 and 50-59 are 2.5 years ( 95 % CI : 1.7 , 3.8 ) and 3.0 years ( 95 % CI : 2.1 , 4.3 ) , respectively . of diagnostic procedures for older women is estimated to be 0.75 ( 95 % CI : 0.55 , 0.88 ) , while women aged 40-49 have a lower sensitivity ( 0.61 , 95 % CI : 0.42 , 0.77 ) . is the only factor that affects the false-negative probability . women aged 40-49 , ` age at entry ' , ` history of breast disease ' and ` families with breast cancer ' are found to be significant for some of the transition rates . the age-group 50-59 , ` age at entry ' , ` history of breast disease ' , ` menstruation length ' and ` number of live births ' are found to affect the transition rates . and estimating the parameters of cancer progression are essential steps towards evaluating the effectiveness of screening policies . parameters include the transition rates , the preclinical sojourn time , the sensitivity , and the effect of different risk factors on cancer progression ."
638,Abstract #638,"S-transferases ( GSTs ) are polymorphic superfamily of detoxification enzymes that detoxify therapeutic drugs and various carcinogens . undertook a case-control study in northern Indian population based sample consisting of 413 patients and 410 controls to evaluate association of null genotype in GSTM1 and GSTT1 along with polymorphism in GSTP1 ( A -- > G ) with breast cancer risk . analyses were performed by PCR-based methods , and odds ratios ( ORs ) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for various confounding factors . this case-control study , we observed a positive correlation between family history of breast cancer and risk of breast cancer ( OR = 2.06 ; 95 % CI = 1.47-2 .92 ) . found a significantly increased breast cancer risk associated with GSTM1 null genotype ( OR = 2.28 ; 95 % CI = 1.65-2 .97 ) and homozygote mutants in GSTP1 ( OR = 2.59 ; 95 % CI = 1.67-4 .39 ) . , we found no association between GSTT1 null genotype with overall breast cancer risk ( OR = 1.04 ; 95 % CI = 0.76-1 .59 ) . three-way combination of GSTP1 105AA/AG and null genotypes for both GSTM1 and GSTT1 resulted in fourfold increase in breast cancer risk ( OR = 4.02 ; 95 % CI = 1.99-8 .51 ) . findings of this study are in line with previously published reports that show an overall association with GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms with breast cancer risk . results suggest that the variants in low penetrance genes such as GSTM1 , GSTT1 and GSTP1 are associated with an increased breast cancer risk thereby suggesting their contribution in the etiology of breast cancer ."
639,Abstract #639,"absorption of irrigation fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) is determined primarily by hydrostatic pressure in the bladder and prostatic venous pressure . comparison to spontaneously breathing patients , patients undergoing mechanical ventilation with positive pressure have a raised central venous pressure and a reduced venous return , both of which can influence intravascular absorption . purpose of the prospective study was to compare the effects of general ( GA ) and spinal anaesthetic ( SA ) techniques on the perioperative absorption of irrigating fluid in patients undergoing TURP . patients undergoing TURP were randomised and assigned either to group GA or SA . fluid absorption was traced by adding 1.5 % ( w/v ) ethanol to the irrigating fluid . blood ethanol concentration ( BEC ) , haemoglobin concentration , haematocrit , serum sodium concentration and central venous pressure ( CVP ) were measured at 10-min intervals during TURP and at 30-min intervals while patients were recovering . routes were indexed by the BEC and changes in serum sodium concentrations . the BEC was greater than 0.05 mg.mL-1 , absorption of irrigating fluid was assumed . assessing the volume of irrigating fluid absorbed , the maximum BEC , the absorption rate , the area under the BEC curve ( AUC ) , and the volumes calculated according to the Hahn nomogram ( Volin ) for each patient were taken into consideration . were 15 cases of irrigating fluid absorption in patients receiving GA ( 75 % ) , and 11 in those receiving SA ( 55 % ) . was significantly lower in spontaneously breathing patients with SA as compared to those with GA ( P < 0.05 ) . patients with irrigating fluid absorption the maximum BEC ( P < 0.02 ) , as well as the rate of irrigant fluid absorption ( P < 0.01 ) , were significantly higher amongst patients receiving SA . this group , the calculated area under the curve and the absorbed fluid volumes determined with the nomogram were significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ) . absorption of irrigation fluid during the TURP is significantly more marked amongst spontaneously breathing patients with regional anaesthesia in comparison to patients undergoing general anaesthesia with positive pressure ventilation . markedly lower central venous pressure before the start of irrigation should be considered as a possible cause of this effect ."
640,Abstract #640,"use of placebo in clinical trials has been vigorously debated . control may be useful in disease states , such as stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension as defined by the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection , Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure ( JNC VI ) , in which response rates for placebo are high or close to response rates for effective therapies , or when established interventions have significant adverse effects . compare rates for the control of blood pressure and adverse effects of placebo vs active treatment in patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension . study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the blood pressure response and adverse effects of placebo vs 6 active treatments administered in 15 Veterans Affairs hypertension centers . 1292 subjects of the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study receiving single-drug therapy for hypertension were randomly allocated to receive treatment with 1 of 6 active drugs ( n = 1105 ) or placebo ( n = 187 ) . success was defined as maintaining a diastolic blood pressure of less than 95 mm Hg for at least 1 year . compared treatment success rates for the control of blood pressure and adverse effects of placebo vs active treatment . the Kaplan-Meier method , we also compared rates of discontinuation from placebo vs active drug treatment over time as a result of adverse drug effects and blood pressure exceeding safety limits . the end of the titration phase , 58 patients who were treated with placebo ( 31 % ) achieved a goal diastolic blood pressure lower than 90 mm Hg and 57 ( 30 % ) achieved success at 1 year . white patients who received placebo had a success rate of 38 % vs 23 % to 27 % for the other age-race subgroups . rates of discontinuation as a result of adverse drug effects were 13 % for patients receiving placebo vs 12 % for patients receiving active treatment ( P = .40 ) . rates of discontinuation for blood pressure being too high were 14 % for patients receiving placebo vs 7 % for patients receiving active treatment ( P = .01 ) . control provides an important benchmark for both efficacy and adverse effects . continues to have an appropriate place in certain therapeutic trials , particularly those involving the treatment of stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension ."
641,Abstract #641,"approach catheterization is now widely used in coronary angiography and angioplasty . ulnar artery , which is one of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery , may be a potential approach for cardiac catheterization . aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a transulnar approach for coronary catheterization in non-selective patients . total of 535 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to transulnar approach ( TUA ) group ( n = 271 ) or transradial approach ( TRA ) group ( n = 264 ) upon arrival at the catheterization laboratory . 's test and inverse Allen 's test were not routinely performed . assessment of the forearm artery was performed before the procedure , two days after the procedure , and 30 days after the procedure . primary endpoints of study were the rate of successful artery cannulation and the access-site related complications . secondary endpoints included the number of needle punctures , total time for the procedure , and major adverse cardiac events ( MACE ) . puncture of the objective artery was obtained in 91.5 % of the patients in the TUA group , and 95.1 % of the patients in the TRA group ( P > 0.05 ) . was no significant difference in hematoma complications between the two groups ( 7.7 % vs. 4.2 % , P = 0.100 ) . motor abnormality of the hand was observed in one patient in the TUA group . were no arteriovenous fistula or pseudoaneurysm observed in our study . ( 1.1 % ) patients in the TUA group and 8 ( 3.0 % ) patients in the TRA group had occlusion of the access artery ( P = 0.137 ) , but none of the patients had symptoms or signs of hand ischemia . were no significant differences in MACE between the two groups during follow-up . transulnar approach is an effective and safe technique for coronary catheterization in non-selective patients ."
642,Abstract #642,"a previous observational study , thoracic epidural analgesia ( TEA ) after open renal surgery resulted in clinically relevant postvoid residuals ( PVRs ) . study aimed to investigate the individual contribution of epidurally administrated drugs and surgery in bladder dysfunction . this single-center , parallel-group , randomized ( computer-generated list ) , double-blind superiority trial , 40 patients undergoing open renal surgery were equally allocated to receive epidural bupivacaine ( 0.125 % ) alone or with fentanyl ( 2 g/ml ) . underwent urodynamic investigations before TEA and during TEA preoperatively and postoperatively . outcome was the difference ( ) in PVR between before TEA and postoperatively during TEA . outcomes were changes in detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate , bladder compliance , and PVR between different time points . PVR ( ml ) from baseline to postoperatively was 180 ( range , -85 to 645 ; P = 0.001 ) in the bupivacaine group and 235 ( range , 0-580 ; P value less than 0.001 ) in the bupivacaine/fentanyl group , with no difference between groups ( 95 % confidence interval , -167 to 103 ; P = 0.634 ) . pressure at maximum flow rate ( cm H ( 2 ) O ) from baseline was more pronounced in the bupivacaine/fentanyl than that in the bupivacaine group preoperatively ( -10 ; range , -64 to -2 ; P value less than 0.001 vs. -3 ; range , -35 to 13 ; P = 0.397 ) ( P = 0.045 ) and postoperatively ( -18 ; range , -64 to 0 ; P value less than 0.001 vs. -12 ; range , -34 to 22 ; P = 0.006 ) ( P = 0.135 ) . did not affect PVRs , but a decreased bladder compliance was observed in both groups . adverse events occurred . epidurally administrated bupivacaine resulted in clinically relevant PVRs based on impaired detrusor function . addition of fentanyl enhanced this effect without generating greater PVRs . surgery , the voiding phase was not further impaired ; however , bladder compliance was decreased ."
643,Abstract #643,", also known as mask of pregnancy , is a common , acquired hypermelanosis seen in women with Fitzpatrick skin types II-V , and is often recalcitrant to treatment with depigmentation agents . acid has been added to hydroquinone formulations in the past to enhance their depigmentation effects , but may cause irritation , leading to postinflammatory hyperpigmentation . assess the safety and efficacy of a cream containing 4 % hydroquinone , 10 % buffered glycolic acid , vitamins C and E , and sunscreen ( Glyquin , ICN Pharmaceuticals , Costa Mesa , USA ) vs. a cream containing sunscreen alone in the depigmentation of epidermal melasma of the face . Hispanic women , Fitzpatrick skin types III-V , with bilateral epidermal melasma were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial lasting 12 weeks . underwent twice-daily full-face application with the study cream or with the cream containing sunscreen only . in pigmentation were measured using a mexameter , the melasma area and severity index ( MASI ) , and a global evaluation by the patient and blind investigator . evaluations were performed at each follow-up visit . patients completed the trial . was more common with the study cream , but resolved with temporary cessation of cream application and the addition of moisturizers . results demonstrated a significant decrease in the degree of pigmentation using the study cream compared with the cream containing sunscreen alone ( P < 0.0001 ) . of 20 patients ( 75 % ) using the study cream improved , whereas only two of 15 patients ( 13 % ) improved using sunscreen alone . cream containing 4 % hydroquinone , 10 % buffered glycolic acid , vitamins C and E , and sunscreen is safe and effective in the treatment of melasma ."
644,Abstract #644,"compare the effect of acupoint injection desensitization with autoblood and routine combined therapy for treatment of chronic urticaria . hundred patients with chronic urticaria were randomly divided into an acupoint injection with autoblood ( AJA ) group and a medicine group , 100 cases in each group . AJA group was treated by acupoint injection desensitization with autoblood and Dazhui ( GV 14 ) , Fengfu ( GV 16 ) , Feishu ( BL 13 ) , Neiguan ( PC 6 ) and etc. were selected , 3-5 acupoints each time , once every three days , 30 days for a course . therapeutic effect was assessed after one course . medicine group was treated with external application of Dexamethasone Acetate cream , twice a day , and oral administration of Setastine Hydrochloride , twice a day , 1 mg each time and the treatment duration was the same as that in the AJA group . clinical cured rate was 66.0 % ( 66/100 ) in the AJA group , which was superior to that of 0 ( 0/100 ) in the medicine group ( P < 0.05 ) . acupoint injection desensitization with autoblood has obvious therapeutic effect on chronic urticaria with no apparent dependence and rebound problem ."
645,Abstract #645,"criteria for determining potentially inappropriate medication consumption in elderly were elaborated by Beers et al. . lists have been used worldwide to evaluate medical prescriptions but there is little epidemiologic evidence demonstrating negative consequences of inappropriate medication use . has been reported that some drugs could increase the risk of falls , which are a frequent and serious problem in elderly population . aimed to evaluate the association between the use of potentially inappropriate medications and the risk of falls . 3C Study is a multicentre prospective cohort study conducted in France with 4 years of follow-up . men and women aged 65 years or over ( N = 6343 ) were randomly selected from electoral rolls . on socio-demographic , medical characteristics and medication use ( based on self-reports and data from the national healthcare insurance ) were collected . of inappropriate medication for elderly was defined from established criteria . about falls were collected at the two follow-up examinations ( 2 years and 4 years after baseline ) . association between the exposure to inappropriate medications and the risk of falls was evaluated using multivariate models ( Cox model and logistic regression ) . % of subjects reported inappropriate medication use at baseline and 29 % at least two of the three examinations ; 22 % had fallen 2 times or more during follow-up . , inappropriate medication users had an increased risk of falling . increase was mainly due to the use of long-acting benzodiazepines ( adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) = 1.4 , 95 % confidence interval : [ 1.1-1 .8 ] , in both occasional and regular users ) , other inappropriate psychotropics ( adjusted OR = 1.7 [ 1.7-2 .7 ] in regular users ) , or medication with anticholinergic properties ( adjusted OR = 1.6 [ 1.2-2 .1 ] in regular users ) . occasional , nor regular use of short - or intermediate-acting benzodiazepines was associated with an increased risk of falling . analysis in long-acting benzodiazepines users did not show any dose-effect relation between the number of prescriptions filled over a 3-year period and the risk of falling . study showed that use of inappropriate medications was associated with an increased risk of falling in elderly persons . increase was mainly due to long-acting benzodiazepines and other inappropriate psychotropics , and to medications with anticholinergic properties ."
646,Abstract #646,"evaluate postoperative pain using a multimodal analgesic protocol in women with uterine fibroids managed with minimally invasive myomectomy . prospective randomised trial was designed to evaluate the postoperative pain of women treated with minimally invasive myomectomy , using a multimodal analgesic protocol ( consisting of perioperative pharmaceutical agents of local and systemic action adjuvant to the classic anaesthesia protocol ) . premenopausal women were assessed for minimally invasive myomectomy ( laparoscopic myomectomy and laparoscopically assisted myomectomy ) . women were included in the final analysis and were randomly allocated in two groups using sealed envelopes : group I ( n = 47 ) consisted of women who received the multimodal analgesic protocol and was compared with group II ( n = 45 ) who did not receive the protocol . main outcome measure was the postoperative pain score at 2 and 8 h after surgery , according to the Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) . , time for bowel peristalsis return , duration of hospitalisation and full recuperation to normal activity were also measured . lower VAS scores for postoperative pain , earlier return of bowel peristalsis and fewer hours of hospitalisation were observed in the group in which multimodal analgesia was used . days for the full recuperation to normal activity were similar between the two groups . the setting of minimally invasive myomectomy , the use of a multimodal analgesic protocol improved postoperative recovery , resulting in earlier hospital discharge ."
647,Abstract #647,"study of daily physical activity was performed with 32 preterm infants to evaluate changes in body weight and bone mineralization . were matched by birth weight and gestational age and randomly assigned to the physical activity ( PA ; n = 16 ) or to the control ( C ; n = 16 ) program . consisted of range of motion against passive resistance to all extremities for 5 to 10 minutes daily . dual-energy x-ray of the right forearm ( ulna and radius ) ; biomarkers of bone formation ( serum type I collagen C-terminal propeptide [ PICP ] ) and resorption ( urine pyridinoline cross-links of collagen [ Pyd ] ) ; serum calcium , phosphate , alkaline phosphatase , parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , and 1 , 25 - ( OH ) ( 2 ) vitamin D ; and urine levels of calcium , phosphate , and creatinine were obtained . measurements were made at study entry and at 2.0 kg of body weight . a similar nutrient intake at advised levels for preterm infants , gains in body weight ( g ) and forearm bone length ( cm ) , bone area ( BA ; cm ( 2 ) ) , bone mineral content ( BMC ; mg ) , and fat-free mass ( g ) were greater in PA infants . bone mineral density and fat mass gains did not differ between groups . PICP levels remained constant in PA infants but decreased in C infants suggesting a slower rate of bone formation . Pyd or bone resorption activity was similar between groups . higher level of serum PTH was observed in PA infants at 2.0 kg of body weight ; however , the change from study entry to completion did not differ between groups . other serum and urine values were similar and within normal limits . daily PA program promotes greater gains in body weight , forearm length , BA , BMC , and fat-free mass in premature infants ."
648,Abstract #648,"aim was to correlate the color Doppler flow activity pre - and postradiotherapy , using transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography ( CDUS ) and the 2 year positive biopsy rate after radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer . was carried out in 69 out of 160 patients who had undergone treatment with 3D-conformal radiotherapy ( 3D-CRT ) to prostate and seminal vesicles . were randomized to receive 80 Gy in 40 fractions in 8 weeks ( arm A ) and 62 Gy in 20 fractions in 5 weeks , 4 fractions per week ( arm B ) . Doppler flow activity ( CDFA ) was evaluated calculating the vascularization index ( VI ) , defined as the ratio between the colored and total pixels in the whole and peripheral prostate , delineated by a radiation oncologist on CDUS images , using EcoVasc a home-made software . difference between the 2 year post - and pre-3D-CRT maximum VI ( VImax ) , named deltaVImax , was calculated in the whole and peripheral prostate for each patient . , deltaVImax and the detected 2 year biopsy outcome were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristics ( ROC ) technique . VImax increased or decreased in patients with positive or negative biopsies , respectively , compared to the value before RT in both arms . area under the ROC curve for deltaVImax in the whole and peripheral prostate is equal to 0.790 and 0.884 , respectively . AVImax index , comparing CDFA at 2 years compared to that before RT , allows the 2 year postradiotherapy positive biopsy rate to be predicted ."
649,Abstract #649,"a previous study we investigated the analgesic efficacy of metamizol . laparoscopic operations , in particular , the reduction of postoperative opioid requirements within the first 24 h after surgery attained clinical relevance ( -67 % ) . the present study we investigated the analgesic efficacy of supplementary diclofenac . patients , scheduled for minor orthopaedic surgery , laparoscopic cholecystectomy or resection of the thyroid gland , participated in a doubleblind , randomised , placebo-controlled study . setting was comparable to our previous study , apart from the supplementary administration of diclofenac . induction of anaesthesia , verum-treated patients received a diclofenac suppository ( 100 mg ) , in addition to metamizol ( 1 g/100 ml NaCl 0.9 % intravenous over 15 min ) . infusions were repeated at 6h and 12h . addition to the third infusion , the patients received a further diclofenac suppository ( 100 mg ) . doses of buprenorphine ( PCA , patient-controlled analgesia ) , pain scores ( 0-10 ) , blood pressure , pulse and side effects were recorded during the first 6 h and again at 24 h. verum-treated patients had significantly less pain immediately after surgery and required lower cumulated doses of buprenorphine during the first 24 h after operation ( laparoscopic cholecystectomy -33 % , minor orthopaedic surgery -73 % , resection of thyroid gland -60 % ) . of metamizol and diclofenac cause a clinically relevant reduction in opioid requirements , in particular after minor orthopaedic surgery and resection of the thyroid gland . is no need for supplementary diclofenac following laparoscopic surgery ."
650,Abstract #650,"Medicare Accountable Care Organization ( ACO ) programs encourage integration of providers into large groups and reward provider groups for improving quality , but not explicitly for reducing health care disparities . group size and better overall quality may or may not be associated with smaller disparities . examine differences in patient characteristics between provider groups sufficiently large to participate in ACO programs and smaller groups ; the association between group size and racial disparities in quality ; and the association between quality and disparities among larger groups . 2009 Medicare claims for 3.1 million beneficiaries with cardiovascular disease or diabetes and linked data on provider groups , we compared racial differences in quality by provider group size , adjusting for patient characteristics . larger groups , we used multilevel models to estimate correlations between group performance on quality measures for white beneficiaries and black-white disparities within groups . process measures of quality , hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions ( ACSCs ) related to cardiovascular disease or diabetes , and hospitalization for any ACSC . served by larger groups were more likely to be white and live in areas with less poverty and more education . group size was associated with smaller disparities in low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol testing and retinal exams , but not in other process measures or hospitalization for ACSCs . larger groups , better quality for white beneficiaries in one measure ( hospitalization for ACSCs related to cardiovascular disease or diabetes ) was correlated with smaller racial disparities ( r = 0.28 ; P = 0.02 ) , but quality was not correlated with disparities in other measures . provider group size and better performance on quality measures were not consistently associated with smaller racial disparities in care for Medicare beneficiaries with cardiovascular disease or diabetes . incentives rewarding better quality for minority groups and payment arrangements supporting ACO development in disadvantaged communities may be required for ACOs to promote greater equity in care ."
651,Abstract #651,"serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been reported to increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding . wide use of these drugs makes such potential risk a public health concern , and identification of factors that may increase or minimize such risk is necessary . test the association of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine hydrochloride therapy with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding , to identify subgroups of patients at particularly increased risk , and to explore whether acid-suppressing agents may be effective in minimizing risk . case-control study . practice database from the United Kingdom . thousand three hundred twenty-one patients with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding referred to a consultant or hospital and 10 000 control subjects matched for age , sex , and calendar year of the index date . Outcome Measure Risk of bleeding associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and effect of acid-suppressing agents . percentage of current users of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( 5.3 % ) or venlafaxine ( 1.1 % ) among case subjects was significantly higher than in matched control subjects ( 3.0 % and 0.3 % ; adjusted odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.6 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.2-2 .1 , and OR , 2.9 ; 95 % CI , 1.5-5 .6 , respectively ) . interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( OR , 4.8 ; 95 % CI , 2.8-8 .3 ) was observed , in particular among those not using acid-suppressing agents ( OR , 9.1 ; 95 % CI , 4.8-17 .3 ) compared with users of these drugs ( OR , 1.3 ; 95 % CI , 0.5-3 .3 ) . addition , an interaction with antiplatelet drugs in nonusers of acid-suppressing agents was suggested ( OR , 4.7 ; 95 % CI , 2.6-8 .3 ) compared with users of these drugs ( OR , 0.8 ; 95 % CI , 0.3-2 .5 ) . with a relevant blockade action on the serotonin reuptake mechanism increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding . increased risk may be of particular relevance when these drugs are associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs . study findings also provide evidence that use of acid-suppressing agents limits such increased risk ."
652,Abstract #652,"use of combination inhaled budesonide and formoterol as maintenance and reliever therapy significantly improves the risk and the time to exacerbations in asthma . explore the mechanisms underlying the effect of the reliever dose on exacerbations by examining the effect of combination therapy on the allergen challenge model when given after allergen exposure . a randomized , double-blind crossover study , single doses of budesonide/formoterol ( 400/12 mug ) , formoterol ( 12 mug ) , budesonide ( 400 mug ) , or placebo were administered during the acute bronchoconstriction response ( early airway response ) immediately after allergen inhalation in 15 patients with mild asthma . late airway response ( LAR ) , sputum inflammatory markers , airway hyperresponsiveness , and exhaled nitric oxide were measured . active treatments significantly attenuated the LAR , with budesonide/formoterol significantly better than its monocomponents ( maximum FEV ( 1 ) fall : placebo , [ mean + / - SEM ] 21.2 % + / - 3.1 % ; budesonide/formoterol , 4.2 % + / - 1.4 % ; formoterol , 7.5 % + / - 1.7 % ; budesonide , 10.4 % + / - 1.6 % ) . change in methacholine PC ( 20 ) was significantly attenuated by budesonide/formoterol , but not by its monocomponents . cell counts and exhaled nitric oxide increased significantly after all allergen challenges , with no significant attenuation by any of the treatments . with combination and formoterol alone , but not budesonide , significantly reduced the early airway response . single dose of budesonide/formoterol was superior to its monocomponents in attenuating the allergen-induced LAR and airway hyperresponsiveness . effects may represent the contribution of the reliever dose to the budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever regimen . protective effect against allergic airway responses with a single reliever dose of budesonide/formoterol is predominantly related to greater functional antagonism of airway smooth muscles ."
653,Abstract #653,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of zinc in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis ( AGE ) in children in Poland . aged 3 to 48 months with AGE were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial in which they received zinc sulfate ( 10 or 20 mg/day depending on age ) or placebo for 10 days . total of 141 of 160 children recruited were available for intention-to-treat analysis . primary outcome was the duration of diarrhea . the experimental group ( n = 69 ) compared with the control group ( n = 72 ) , there was no significant difference in the duration of diarrhea ( P > .05 ) . , there was no significant difference in the groups in secondary outcome measures such as stool frequency on days 1 , 2 , and 3 , vomiting frequency , intravenous fluid intake , and the number of children with diarrhea lasting > 7 days . living in a country where zinc deficiency is rare do not appear to benefit from the use of zinc in the treatment of AGE ."
654,Abstract #654,"medications improve psychosis but often induce a state of dysphoria in patients . of the dopamine D ( 2 ) receptors , which is thought to mediate their efficacy , has also been implicated in producing this adverse subjective experience . authors present the first double-blind controlled study to examine the relationship between striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D ( 2 ) receptor binding potential and occupancy values and adverse subjective experience . with recent-onset psychosis ( N = 12 ) were randomly assigned to low or high doses of olanzapine or risperidone . experiences , motor side effects , and striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D ( 2 ) receptors ( determined with [ ( 11 ) C ] raclopride and [ ( 11 ) C ] FLB 457 PET scans , respectively ) were evaluated after 2 weeks of continuous antipsychotic treatment . dopamine D ( 2 ) receptor occupancy and binding potentials in the striatal ( dorsal and ventral ) , temporal , and insular regions were associated with subjective experience . finding was confirmed with two convergent methods of analysis ( region-of-interest and voxel-based statistics ) , and the same relationship was observed using two different dopamine receptor measures ( observed binding potential values and age - and sex-corrected occupancy values ) . D ( 2 ) receptor occupancy is associated with negative subjective experience in patients taking risperidone or olanzapine . negative subjective effects may be related to the high discontinuation rates seen in usual practice . the neurobiological mechanism of these negative subjective experiences and developing antipsychotics with novel ( i.e. , non D ( 2 ) ) mechanisms may be critical in improving the treatment of psychosis ."
655,Abstract #655,"compare the clinical efficacy of warmed irrigation fluid and room-temperature fluid in decreasing perioperative hypothermia during arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery . this prospective , randomized , comparative study , warmed ( 36C ) arthroscopic irrigation fluid ( group W , n = 36 ) or room-temperature irrigation fluid ( group RT , n = 36 ) was used without intraoperative warming devices during arthroscopic shoulder surgery in 72 patients . serial core body temperature and the last and lowest core body temperatures were measured by use of an esophageal stethoscope with a thermometer and a digital tympanic thermometer at 15-minute intervals during the operation and recovery period , respectively . patients arrived in the postanesthesia care unit ( PACU ) after surgery , they were warmed immediately and monitored thereafter for body temperature and development of hypothermia-related adverse effects such as postoperative shivering and cardiac events . evaluated the changes in the patients ' weight and prothrombin time on postoperative day 1 and the hemoglobin level and visual analog scale pain score immediately after the operation and on postoperative day 1 . 2 groups did not differ in demographic and surgical data and incidence of intraoperative hypothermia ( 33 of 36 [ 91.6 % ] in group RT and 34 of 36 [ 94.4 % ] in group W , P = .276 ) . core body temperatures decreased throughout the surgery and increased linearly in the PACU , without any intergroup differences ( P > .05 ) . patients were normothermic within 1 hour of arrival in the PACU . 2 groups did not differ in postoperative weight change , prothrombin time , hemoglobin level , or postoperative visual analog scale pain score ( all P > .05 ) . shivering occurred in 3 patients and 1 patient in group RT and group W , respectively . cardiac events occurred in either group . irrigation fluid was not superior to room-temperature irrigation fluid in reducing the occurrence of perioperative hypothermia during arthroscopic shoulder surgery . I , randomized controlled trial ."
656,Abstract #656,"radiation proctitis is the most relevant complication of pelvic radiation and is still mainly treated supportively . the negative impact of acute proctitis symptoms on patients ' daily activities and the potential relationship between the severity of acute radiation injury and late damage , misoprostol was tested in the prevention of acute radiation-induced proctitis . total of 100 patients who underwent radiotherapy for prostate cancer were entered into this phase III randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind study with misoprostol or placebo suppositories . toxicity was evaluated weekly during radiotherapy using the Common Toxicity Criteria . the placebo and the misoprostol groups , no significant differences in proctitis symptoms occurred : 76 % of patients in each group had Grade 1 toxicity , and 26 % in the placebo group and 36 % in the misoprostol group had Grade 2 toxicity . differences were found in onset or symptom duration . the peak incidence of patients ' toxicity symptoms , significantly more patients experienced rectal bleeding in the misoprostol group ( p = 0.03 ) . given as a once-daily suppository did not decrease the incidence and severity of radiation-induced acute proctitis and may increase the incidence of acute bleeding ."
657,Abstract #657,"dietary restriction often results in initial weight loss , the majority of obese dieters fail to maintain their reduced weight . weight loss results in compensatory increase of hunger , craving and decreased ghrelin suppression that encourage weight regain . high protein and carbohydrate breakfast may overcome these compensatory changes and prevent obesity relapse . this study 193 obese ( BMI 32.21.0 kg/m ( 2 ) ) , sedentary non diabetic adult men and women ( 477years ) were randomized to a low carbohydrate breakfast ( LCb ) or an isocaloric diet with high carbohydrate and protein breakfast ( HCPb ) . measures were assessed every 4weeks . glucose , insulin , ghrelin , lipids , craving scores and breakfast meal challenge assessing hunger , satiety , insulin and ghrelin responses , were performed at baseline , after a Diet Intervention Period ( Week 16 ) and after a Follow-up Period ( Week 32 ) . Week 16 , groups exhibited similar weight loss : 15.11.9 kg in LCb group vs. 13.52.3 kg in HCPb group , p = 0.11 . Week 16 to Week 32 , LCb group regained 11.62.6 kg , while the HCPb group lost additional 6.91.7 kg . levels were reduced after breakfast by 45.2 % and 29.5 % following the HCPb and LCb , respectively . was significantly improved and hunger and craving scores significantly reduced in the HCPb group vs. the LCb group . high carbohydrate and protein breakfast may prevent weight regain by reducing diet-induced compensatory changes in hunger , cravings and ghrelin suppression . achieve long-term weight loss , meal timing and macronutrient composition must counteract these compensatory mechanisms which encourage weight regain after weight loss ."
658,Abstract #658,"purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of the possible negative interaction between aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors . provocative reports have recently suggested that aspirin is unsafe in patients with heart failure and has negative interaction with ACE inhibitors that might attenuate their beneficial effects upon survival . analyzed mortality data of 11,575 patients with coronary artery disease screened for the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention trial . total of 1,247 patients ( 11 % ) were treated with ACE inhibitors . them , 618 patients ( 50 % ) used aspirin . mortality was lower among patients on ACE inhibitors and aspirin than patients on ACE inhibitors without aspirin ( 19 % vs. 27 % ; p < 0.001 ) . adjusting for confounders , treatment with aspirin and ACE inhibitors remained associated with lower mortality risk than using ACE inhibitors only ( relative risk [ RR ] = 0.71 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 0.56 to 0.91 ) . analysis of 464 patients with congestive heart failure treated with ACE inhibitors revealed 221 patients ( 48 % ) on aspirin and 243 patients not on aspirin . clinical characteristics and therapy were similar , patients taking aspirin experienced lower mortality than patients who did not ( 24 % vs. 34 % ; p = 0.001 ) . adjustment , treatment with aspirin was still associated with lower mortality ( RR = 0.70 ; 95 % CI = 0.49 to 0.99 ) . coronary artery disease patients with and without heart failure who are treated with ACE inhibitors , the use of aspirin was associated with lower mortality than treatment without aspirin . findings contradict the claim that aspirin attenuates the beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors and supports its use in patients with coronary artery disease treated with ACE inhibitors ."
659,Abstract #659,"study was conducted to compare the efficacy of 0.1 % fluorometholone and 0.1 % pranoprofen in cases with chronic allergic conjunctivitis . an investigator-masked trial , patients with chronic allergic conjunctivitis were randomized to treatment with 4 times daily 0.1 % pranoprofen ( PN ) or 0.1 % fluorometholone ( FL ) eye drops for 4 weeks . 4-point rating scale assessing the severity of 5 symptoms and 4 signs ( 0 = none , 1 = mild , 2 = moderate , and 3 = severe ) was used . linear mixed model was used to explore the rate of score changes . analysis was used to evaluate the relation between clinical outcome and age . total of 75 patients were enrolled at the baseline . were no significant differences in the demographics and baseline skin prick scores between both groups . baseline scores in PN and FL group were 6.71 2.28 and 6.41 2.06 , respectively . scores rapidly decreased to 3.35 1.58 and 2.91 1.71 on day 7 , respectively . showed a more rapid effect compared with pranoprofen during the first week of treatment ( P < 0.05 ) but not later . analysis showed that age was negatively associated with response to fluorometholone ( younger than 29 years ) . intraocular pressure increased by 0.7 mm Hg in the FL group and decreased by 0.5 mm Hg in the PN group on day 28 ( P > 0.05 ) . fluorometholone and pranoprofen were effective for management of cases with chronic allergic conjunctivitis . provided more rapid relief as compared with pranoprofen . effect of fluorometholone was more pronounced in younger patients ."
660,Abstract #660,"condition management in general practice is projected to account for 50 % of all consultations by 2051 . practices under present workforce conditions will be unable to meet this demand . led collaborative care models of chronic disease management have been successful overseas and are proposed as one solution . article provides an interim report on a prospective randomised trial to investigate the acceptability , cost effectiveness and feasibility of a nurse led model of care for chronic conditions in Australian general practice . qualitative study focused on the impact of this model of care through the perceptions of practice staff from one urban and one regional practice in Queensland , and one Victorian rural practice . benefits of the collaborative care model focused on increased efficiency and communication between practice staff and patients . increased degree of patient self responsibility was noted by all and highlights the motivational aspect of chronic disease management ."
661,Abstract #661,"aim of this study was to determine whether changes in local skin temperature over which the infusion catheters pass when using insulin pump therapy and the choice of rapid-acting insulin analog influence the risk of catheter occlusion . healthy volunteers were assigned to wear insulin pumps primed with insulin glulisine and insulin aspart in a randomized order each for a duration of 5 days and a temperature probe ( taped to the skin near the insulin catheter ) . reproduce the effect of subcutaneous infusion , the insulin catheter was inserted into an absorbent sponge in a plastic bag strapped to the subject 's abdomen . infusion rates were programmed at 0.2 IU/h , and 2-IU boluses were given three times a day with meals . skin temperature ranged between 33.5 C and 36.68 C for insulin glulisine and 32.35 C and 35.28 C for insulin aspart , with no difference in skin temperature between treatments or between the first and second week of the study . occlusions were seen in eight subjects with an overall rate of occlusion of 22.5 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 21.9-61 .3 % ) and were more likely to occur in the second week . an individual level the risk of occlusion was similar for insulin glulisine and insulin aspart ( odds ratio , 0.87 % ; P = 0.6 ) . , in this small study simulating subcutaneous insulin infusion , the rate of catheter occlusion was low and unaffected by local fluctuations in ambient skin temperature . was no significant difference between the two rapid-acting insulin analogs tested . occlusions occurred , they were more likely to happen beyond the manufacturer 's recommended 72-h limit for catheter use ."
662,Abstract #662,"guidance for central venous catheterization improves success rates and decreases complications when compared to the landmark technique . research has demonstrated that arterial and/or posterior vein wall puncture still occurs despite real-time ultrasound guidance . inability to maintain visualization of the needle tip may contribute to these complications . study aims to identify whether long-axis or short-axis approaches to ultrasound-guided vascular access afford improved visibility of the needle tip . prospective trial was conducted at a level I trauma center with an emergency medicine residency . students and residents placed needles into vascular access tissue phantoms using long-axis and short-axis approaches . images obtained at the time of vessel puncture were then reviewed . outcome measures were visibility of the needle tip at the time of puncture and total time to successful puncture of the vessel . subjects were able to successfully obtain simulated blood from the tissue phantom . time to puncture was 14.8 seconds in the long-axis group and 12.4 seconds in the short-axis group ( P = .48 ) . tip visibility at the time of vessel puncture was higher in the long-axis group ( 24/39 , 62 % ) as opposed to the short-axis group ( 9/39 , 23 % ) ( P = .01 ) . a simulated vascular access model , the long-axis approach to ultrasound-guided vascular access was associated with improved visibility of the needle tip during vessel puncture . approach may help decrease complications associated with ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization and should be prospectively evaluated in future studies ."
663,Abstract #663,"evaluate the effect of preventive medicine for residents living around mosquito breeding water during rest period of malaria by delimiting a certain range . study adopted the stratified cluster random sampling method to select subjects from 6 counties in the high epidemic area along and north of the Huai River since March 2007 . the villages of 6 counties were stratified into five levels according to the case reported in year 2006 , and one village was randomly selected from each level , thereby 30 villages were selected in total.300-500 subjects were interviewed in each village , and in total 12 860 subjects were recruited in the study . five selected villages in each county were allocated to three intervention groups according to the block randomization method . first intervention group included 9 villages , 4362 people ; the second intervention group was consisted of 12 villages , 4471 people ; the non-intervention group had 9 villages , 4027 people . basic information of the subjects were collected by questionnaire to analyze the relation between malaria cases and the distribution of the mosquito breeding water , then accordingly delimited the range for preventive medicine . 1 received the delimiting preventive medicine treatment , group 2 received routine medicine treatment , while non-treatment group received no treatment . morbidity , standardized morbidity , net change of morbidity ( the D-value of the standardized morbidity before and after the intervention ) , age-specified incidence , and the protective rate ( PR ) , effectiveness index ( IE ) and the capture rate of the delimited method group were then calculated . 1 had 1219 ( 27.9 % ) people taking medicine and Group 2 had 219 ( 4.9 % ) people . 2006 , before the prevention conducting , the high incidence aging group in the first , second and nonintervention group was separately people aging 50 - 59 , 60 - 69 and 70 years old ; whose incidence was 36.22 ( 18/497 ) , 40.11 ( 15/374 ) and 34.88 ( 9/258 ) respectively . the intervention , the high incidence aging groups in the first and second intervention group changed to the population over 70 years old , with incidence at 9.17 ( 3/327 ) and 22.01 ( 7/318 ) respectively ; while the high incidence aging groups in the nonintervention group changed to people aging between 30-39 years old , with the rate at 24.88 ( 10/402 ) . 2006 , the morbidity of malaria in the first , second intervention group and nonintervention group was separately 18.78 ( 83/4420 ) , 20.27 ( 93/4587 ) and 14.61 ( 53/3627 ) ; while the standardized incidence was separately 18.85 , 20.72 and 14.89 . 2007 , after the prevention conducting , the morbidity in the three groups was 2.75 ( 12/4362 ) , 11.63 ( 52/4471 ) and 12.17 ( 49/4027 ) , respectively ; while the standardized incidences was 2.81 , 12.75 and 12.35 , respectively . net value of changes of morbidity in the three groups was separately 16.04 % , 7.97 % and 2.54 % . difference in net values of changes of morbidity between intervention group 1 and 2 had statistical significance ( ( 2 ) = 7.74 , P < 0.05 ) . with the nonintervention group , the PR and IE in intervention group 1 was separately 84.2 % and 6.31 ; while the capture rate was 69.2 % ( 9/13 ) . delimiting preventive medicine treatment during rest period of malaria was very effective for eliminating the potential infection source of malaria and reducing the morbidity of malaria ."
664,Abstract #664,"investigate whether nasal salmon calcitonin ( CT ; 200 U/day ) given in addition to calcium helps to restore the bone mass after parathyroidectomy ( PTX ) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT ) . patients with PHPT were enrolled after successful PTX and received 1 g calcium per os daily for 1 year . were randomly assigned either to nasal CT ( CT group ) or to no treatment . bone mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at multiple sites . patients in each group completed the study . 12 months , the bone mass increased significantly at whole-body level and at lumbar spine in both groups , increased at hip and epiphyses of tibia or radius in the CT group only , and did not change at diaphyses of tibia and radius in either group . mass increases after PTX for PHPT in patients receiving oral calcium . may help to restore the bone mass at sites of the appendicular skeleton , where trabecular bone predominates ."
665,Abstract #665,"compare two dosing regimens for caffeine citrate in the periextubation period for neonates born at less than 30 weeks gestation in terms of successful extubation and adverse effects . multicentre , randomised , double blind , clinical trial . tertiary neonatal units within Australia . born less than 30 weeks gestation ventilated for more than 48 hours . dosing regimens of caffeine citrate ( 20 v 5 mg/kg/day ) for periextubation management . started 24 hours before a planned extubation or within six hours of an unplanned extubation . to extubate within 48 hours of caffeine loading or reintubation and ventilation or doxapram within seven days of caffeine loading . total of 234 neonates were enrolled . significant reduction in failure to extubate was shown for the 20 mg/kg/day dosing group ( 15.0 % v 29.8 % ; relative risk 0.51 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.31 to 0.85 ; number needed to treat 7 ( 95 % CI 4 to 24 ) ) . significant difference in duration of mechanical ventilation was shown for infants of less than 28 weeks gestation receiving the high dose of caffeine ( mean ( SD ) days 14.4 ( 11.1 ) v 22.1 ( 17.1 ) ; p = 0.01 ) . difference in adverse effects was detected in terms of mortality , major neonatal morbidity , death , or severe disability or general quotient at 12 months . trial shows short term benefits for a 20 mg/kg/day dosing regimen of caffeine citrate for neonates born at less than 30 weeks gestation in the periextubation period , without evidence of harm in the first year of life ."
666,Abstract #666,"is a lack of information on the optimal timing of food supplementation to malnourished pregnant women and possible combined effects of food and multiple micronutrient supplementations ( MMS ) on their offspring 's growth . evaluated the effects of prenatal food and micronutrient interventions on postnatal child growth . hypothesis was that prenatal MMS and early invitation to food supplementation would increase physical growth in the offspring during 0-54 months and a combination of these interventions would further improve these outcomes . the large , randomized MINIMat trial ( Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab ) , Bangladesh , 4436 pregnant women were enrolled between November 2001 and October 2003 and their children were followed until March 2009 . were randomized into six groups comprising 30 mg Fe and 400 g folic acid ( Fe30F ) , 60 mg Fe and 400 g folic acid ( Fe60F ) or MMS combined with either an early ( immediately after identification of pregnancy ) or a later usual ( at the time of their choosing , i.e. , usual care in this community ) program invitation to food supplementation . anthropometry of 3267 children was followed from birth to 54 months , and 2735 children were available for analysis at 54 months . were no differences in characteristics of mothers and households among the different intervention groups . average birth weight was 2694 g and birth length was 47.7 cm , with no difference among intervention groups . invitation to food supplementation ( in comparison with usual invitation ) reduced the proportion of stunting from early infancy up to 54 months for boys ( p = 0.01 ) , but not for girls ( p = 0.31 ) . resulted in more stunting than standard Fe60F ( p = 0.02 ) . was no interaction between the food and micronutrient supplementation on the growth outcome . food supplementation in pregnancy reduced the occurrence of stunting during 0-54 months in boys , but not in girls , and prenatal MMS increased the proportion of stunting in boys . effects on postnatal growth suggest programming effects in early fetal life . : ISRCTN16581394 ."
667,Abstract #667,"remediation ( CR ) preceding cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis ( CBTp ) was trialled within routine clinical services , with the hypothesis that following first-episode non-affective psychosis CR would enhance CBTp efficacy by improving neuropsychological performance . total of 61 patients with DSM-IV non-affective psychoses waiting for routine CBTp were randomized to computerized CR over 12 weeks , supported by a trained support worker , or time-matched social contact ( SC ) . outcome was the blind-rated Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale ( PSYRATS ) . outcomes included measures of CBTp progress , cognition , symptoms , insight and self-esteem : all at baseline , after CR ( 12 weeks ) and after CBTp ( 42 weeks ) . and global neuropsychological efficacy were tested using mixed-effects models with a grouptime interaction term . of CBTp progress and some neuropsychological measures were modelled by regression . was no significant difference between the CR and SC groups in PSYRATS ( grouptime coefficient 0.3 , 95 % confidence interval -0.4 to 1.1 , p = 0.39 ) . , after CR CBTp was shorter [ median 7 sessions , interquartile range ( IQR ) 2-12 after CR ; median 13 , IQR 4-18 after SC ; model p = 0.011 ] and linked to better insight ( p = 0.02 ) . cognition did not improve significantly more after CR ( p = 0.20 ) but executive function did ( Wisconsin Card Sort , p = 0.012 ) . courses preceded by CR were far shorter but achieved the same outcome as CBTp preceded by an active control , consistent with neuropsychological improvement enhancing CBTp . was delivered by staff with minimal training , offering the potential to reduce the costs of CBTp considerably ."
668,Abstract #668,"arthroplasty is the treatment of choice for gonarthrosis . development of minimally invasive surgery ( MIS ) requires assessing results based on the classical approaches and this is the purpose of our study . , prospective study comparing two groups ; one underwent MIS ( 45 patients ) and the second one a classical approach ( 51 patients ) ; both groups were comparable . following variables were assessed in the immediate postoperative period and at 4 and 8 years : blood loss , pain according to the VAS , flexion and extension and quality of life measured with the SF-36 . the immediate postoperative period we observed statistically significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) in favor of the MIS approach in pain , hospital stay and blood loss . , this was not observed at 4 and 8 years concerning pain , quality of life and range of motion . observed an improvement in the functional scale and quality of life compared with the preoperative status , without any differences when both groups were compared . MIS technique results in a better immediate postoperative period , but no differences were seen in the choice of the approach 4 and 8 years after surgery ."
669,Abstract #669,"percutaneous transhepatic varices embolization ( PTVE ) has rarely been used in recent years due to high rates of variceal recurrence and rebleeding . we report a modified PTVE with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate ( 2-OCA ) in which the whole lower esophageal and peri or para-esophageal varices , the submucosal varices , and the advertitial plexus of the cardia and fundus were sufficiently obliterated . compared this PTVE with endoscopic band ligation ( EVL ) in the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding . this prospective randomized controlled trial , cirrhotic patients with acute or recent esophageal variceal bleeding were assigned randomly to PTVE ( 52 patients ) or EVL ( 50 patients ) groups . gastrointestinal ( UGI ) rebleeding , esophageal variceal rebleeding , and survival were followed-up . tomography ( CT ) scanning and portal venography were used to observe 2-OCA distribution . the follow-up period ( median 24 and 25 months in the PTVE and EVL groups , respectively ) UGI rebleeding developed in eight patients in the PTVE group and 21 patients in EVL group ( P = 0.004 ) . bleeding from esophageal varices occurred in three patients in the PTVE group and twelve in the EVL group ( P = 0.012 , relative risk 0.24 , 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0 .74 ) . Cox analysis indicated that the treatment was the only factor predictive of rebleeding . Kaplan-Meier curve showed there was no significant difference between survival in the two groups ( P = 0.054 ) . the whole lower esophageal and peri or para-esophageal varices , the submucosal varices , and the adventitial plexus of the cardia and fundus sufficiently obliterated by 2-OCA , this modified PTVE was more effective than EVL in the management of esophageal varices recurrence and rebleeding . in these two groups was not significantly different , however ."
670,Abstract #670,"vulgaris ( PV ) is a severe blistering disease involving the skin and mucous membranes . most common causes of death in these patients are adverse effects of drugs , and infection . lesions are one of the important sources of infection . , any local treatment that could reduce healing time of lesions and consequently reduce the total dosage of drugs needed to treat is favourable . evaluate the efficacy of epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) in reducing healing time of lesions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris . this randomized , double-blind , within-patient , left/right , controlled trial , 20 hospitalized patients with pathologial and immunohistologial ( direct and indirect immunoflourecence ) proven pemphigus vulgaris ( PV ) were chosen . addition , all patients had at least one appropriate pemphigus lesion on each side of the body that had not healed after 2-week systemic therapy and sterile saline washing . ( 10 microg/g ) in 0.1 % silver sulfadiazine cream vs. 0.1 % silver sulfadiazine cream alone was applied randomly on one side of the body . survival analysis suggested that median time to heal with application of EGF plus silver sulfadiazine cream was 9 days , in comparison with 15 days for silver sulfadiazine cream alone ( log-rank test , P = 0.0003 ) . intervention-related adverse effect was observed during the study . can significantly reduce healing time of skin lesions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris , at least when this cream base is applied ( Cochrane skin group identifier : CSG20 ) ."
671,Abstract #671,"mesilate ( FUT-175 ) is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor that inactivates coagulation , fibrinolysis , and platelet aggregation . mesilate may suppress the blood-foreign surface reaction similar to biocompatible materials by blocking factor XIIa . performed an in vitro study of cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) with fresh human blood among the following three groups : standard CPB sets ( C ) , biocompatible CPB sets ( B ) , and standard CPB sets with FUT-175 ( 10 mg/L ) ( F ) . clinical study using these same CPB groups also was performed in 45 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass operations ( 15 patients each ) . injected FUT-175 at 40 mg/h during CPB . the in vitro study , both groups B and F showed significantly lower levels of coagulation factors , thrombin-antithrombin III complex , fibrinopeptide A , beta-thromboglobulin , complement C3a , granulocyte elastase , and free hemoglobin than group C at the conclusion of the study . III complex and free hemoglobin in group F also were lower than in group B. platelet count remained at a higher level in group F than in the other groups . of bradykinin was suppressed most significantly in group F. the clinical study , group F also showed significantly lower levels of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor plasmin complex and C3a than both groups C and B. were minimal levels of free hemoglobin in group F. mesilate may contribute major beneficial effects toward conservation of blood during CPB and prevention of coagulopathy after CPB ."
672,Abstract #672,"aim of this study was to determine the resistance and fracture strength values of the bone with the use of biomechanical tests in different consolidation periods of mandibular distraction osteogenesis . this study , 21 mature male New Zeland rabbits were used . distraction , rabbits were separated into 3 groups to experience 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks ' consolidation periods . hemimandibles of 6 rabbits were used as a control group . 5 days ' latency period , 0.5-mm distraction was applied twice a day , i.e. , 1 mm/d lengthening . the 5-mm lengthening application , we left the animals for 1 , 2 , or 3 months of consolidation period . stress and strength values of the bone at fracture point were measured with the use of a 3-point bending test . were significant differences between the control and 3 study groups regarding bending stress and strength values . addition , each study group was significantly different from each other . stress and fracture strength of the bone may not reach that of normal bone after completion of 3 months ' consolidation . should be considered to keep in place extraoral appliances or comfortable intraoral distractors for a long period ."
673,Abstract #673,"association between homocysteine and isolated systolic hypertension in older adults was evaluated using a case-control design , and the relationship between homocysteine and clinical or subclinical atherosclerosis was explored . were 179 adults > or = 60 years with a systolic blood pressure of > or = 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg . hundred seventy-one control subjects had the same criteria except systolic blood pressures were < 160 mm Hg . had normal creatinine levels . levels were performed on fasting blood samples that had been stored at -70 degrees C. Atherosclerosis was defined as either a history of clinical disease , an internal carotid stenosis of > or = 40 % by duplex scan , or an ankle/arm pressure ratio of < 0.9 . median homocysteine value was 11.5 micromol/L for cases and 9.9 for control subjects ( P < .001 ) . control for potential confounders , homocysteine remained significantly associated with systolic hypertension ( P = .019 ) . the hypertensive group , there was no apparent association between level of homocysteine and prevalence of atherosclerosis . , among the normotensive group , the prevalence of atherosclerosis went from 22 % in the lowest quintile of homocysteine values to 53 % in the fifth quintile , with an odds ratio of 4.1 ( fifth quintile in comparison to the first , P < .05 ) . adjustment for age , sex , systolic blood pressure , cholesterol , and smoking , this odds ratio increased to 6.4 ( P < .01 ) . levels of homocysteine may be related to the cause of isolated systolic hypertension in some individuals . normotensive older adults , homocysteine appears to be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis ."
674,Abstract #674,"compare awareness of hypoglycaemia and physiological responses to hypoglycaemia with human and porcine insulin in diabetic patients who reported loss of hypoglycaemia awareness after transferring to human insulin . blind randomised crossover study of clinical experience and physiological responses during slow fall hypoglycaemic clamping with porcine and human insulin . investigation unit of teaching hospital recruiting from diabetes clinics of five teaching hospitals and one district general hospital . patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus of more than five years ' duration who had reported altered hypoglycaemia awareness within three months of transferring to human insulin . control and frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes during two months ' treatment with each insulin . thresholds for physiological and symptomatic responses during clamping . control did not change with either insulin . hypoglycaemic episodes ( eight severe ) were reported with human insulin and 149 ( nine severe ) with porcine insulin ( 95 % confidence interval -4 to 2.5 , p = 0.63 ) . episodes of biochemical hypoglycaemia occurred with human insulin versus 18 with porcine insulin ( -0.8 to 1 , p = 0.78 ) . controlled hypoglycaemia the mean adrenaline response was 138 nmol/l/240 min for both insulins ; neurohormonal responses were triggered at 3.0 ( SE 0.2 ) versus 3.1 ( 0.2 ) mmol/l of glucose for adrenaline and 2.5 ( 0.1 ) versus 2.5 ( 0.1 ) mmol/l for subjective awareness . data suggest that human insulin per se does not affect the presentation of hypoglycaemia or the neurohumoral , symptomatic , and cognitive function responses to hypoglycaemia in insulin dependent diabetic patients with a history of hypoglycaemia unawareness ."
675,Abstract #675,"interviewing ( MI ) is effective in promoting behavioural changes in patients with substance abuse and smoking . , its effectiveness on health outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation patients is unclear . randomized controlled trial . total of 146 patients assessed as having poor motivation attended a cardiac rehabilitation programme from February 2008 to June 2010 . ( n = 73 ) in the control group received usual care while those in the experimental group ( n = 73 ) received usual care plus four sessions of MI , each lasting 30-45min . and psychological outcomes and health-related quality of life were measured at baseline and 3 months after entering the programme . statistics , independent t-test , Pearson Chi-squared test , and generalized estimating equations models were used to analyse the data . was no significant difference between the two groups on clinical outcomes ( all p-values > 0.05 ) . in the experimental group had higher increases in health-related quality of life ( SF-36 ) scores in the aspects of general health ( 4.74 , 95 % CI 0.04-9 .44 ; p = 0.048 ) and role limitation due to emotional problems ( 8.80 , 95 % CI 1.16-16 .43 ; p = 0.024 ) . , they reported significantly higher increases in anxiety levels ( Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ) than those in the control group ( 0.96 , 95 % CI 0.09-1 .83 ; p = 0.030 ) . short-term effectiveness of MI on clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life in poorly motivated cardiac rehabilitation patients is limited . , however , was shown to increase anxiety levels of patients during the study period ( 3 months ) . evidence is needed to better understand this phenomenon in the future studies ."
676,Abstract #676,"uncertainty surrounding dietary requirements for selenium ( Se ) is partly due to limitations in biomarkers of Se status that are related to health outcomes . this study we determined the effect of different doses and forms of Se on gene expression of selenoprotein S ( SEPS1 ) , selenoprotein W ( SEPW1 ) and selenoprotein R ( SEPR ) , and responses to an immune function challenge , influenza vaccine , were measured in order to identify functional markers of Se status . 12 week human dietary intervention study was undertaken in 119 volunteers who received placebo , 50 , 100 or 200 g/day Se-enriched yeast ( Se-yeast ) or meals containing unenriched or Se-enriched onions ( 50 g/day ) . expression was quantified in RNA samples extracted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC 's ) using quantitative RT-PCR . was a significant increase in SEPW1 mRNA in the Se-enriched onion group ( 50 g/day ) compared with the unenriched onion group . and SEPW1 did not change significantly over the duration of the supplementation period in the control or Se-yeast groups , except at week 10 when SEPW1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in the 200 g/day Se-yeast group compared to the placebo group . of SEPS1 mRNA increased significantly 7 days after the influenza vaccine challenge , the magnitude of the increase in SEPS1 gene expression was dose-dependent , with a significantly greater response with higher Se supplementation . novel finding provides preliminary evidence for a role of SEPS1 in the immune response , and further supports the relationship between Se status and immune function . [ NCT00279812 ] ."
677,Abstract #677,"provide preliminary evidence on the effectiveness and optimal dosage of megestrol acetate for older persons with impaired appetite after hospitalization . clinical trial . care hospital . older persons ( mean age 83 ) who were recently discharged from an acute care hospital and had fair or poor appetite . were randomized to placebo or megestrol acetate suspension 200 mg , 400 mg , or 800 mg daily for 9 weeks . , health-related quality of life , and adverse effects were measured at baseline and 20 , 42 , and 63 days . nutritional markers were measured at baseline and 20 and 63 days . the course of the study , there were no significant differences between treatment groups on any of the appetite questions , although participants in the 400-mg and 800-mg groups demonstrated significant improvement from baseline on some questions . 20 days , prealbumin increased in a dose-response relationship across the four groups ( by 0.4 , 5.1 , 7.5 , and 9.0 mg/dL , respectively ) . in the 400-mg and 800-mg groups demonstrated greater improvement in prealbumin levels at 20 days than those receiving placebo ( P = .009 and P = .004 , respectively ) and those in the 400-mg group also demonstrated improvement at 63 days ( P = .02 ) . 20 days , no participant taking placebo had a morning serum cortisol level less than 8 ng/mL ( the lower limit of normal ) . contrast , 33 % , 70 % , and 78 % of those taking 200 mg , 400 mg and 800 mg , respectively , had values below this level ; by 63 days , these percentages were 11 % , 30 % , 56 % , and 37 % , respectively . patient reported clinical symptoms of adrenal insufficiency . developed in three subjects , and thromboembolism occurred in two receiving active treatment . acetate at doses of 400 mg and 800 mg increases prealbumin in recently hospitalized older persons . suppression is common at higher doses and may be persistent . this small study , the drug did not confer benefit on other nutritional or clinical outcomes ."
678,Abstract #678,"with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia might be at risk of lacking adequate control for cardiovascular risk factors . aim was to determine the extent of health care utilization and provision in primary care and to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with an elevated risk score in a stepwise diabetes screening programme . total of 56,978 non-diabetic patients , aged 50-70 years , from 79 practices in the Netherlands were invited to participate in a screening programme starting with a questionnaire . with an elevated score , underwent further glucose testing . participants with type 2 diabetes ( n = 64 ) , impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) ( n = 62 ) , impaired fasting glucose ( IFG ) ( n = 86 ) , and normal glucose tolerance ( NGT ) ( n = 142 ) were compared after three years regarding use of medication , care provider encounters and occurrence of CVD . all glucose regulation categories cardiovascular medication was prescribed more frequently during follow-up with the strongest increase in diabetic patients . of practice visits was higher in diabetic patients compared to those in the other categories . , lipids , and blood pressure were measured most frequently in diabetic patients . of cardiovascular events in participants with NGT , IFG , IGT and diabetes were 16.7 , 32.6 , 17.3 and 15.7 per 1,000 person-years ( non significant ) , respectively . three years of follow-up , screened non-diabetic participants with an elevated risk score had cardiovascular event rates comparable with diabetic patients . non-diabetic persons are at risk of lacking optimal control for cardiovascular risk factors while screen-detected diabetic patients were controlled adequately ."
679,Abstract #679,"comparatively study the efficacy and maternal and fetal side-effects of two doses of bupivacaine associated with morphine and clonidine , administered by the subarachnoid route for cesarean section . study included 66 pregnant women at term , distributed into two groups . : bupivacaine 8.0 mg ( 1.6 mL ) + clonidine 75 g ( 0.5 mL ) + morphine 100 g ( 1.0 mL ) and GII : bupivacaine 10 mg ( 2.0 mL ) + clonidine 75 g ( 0.5 mL ) + morphine 100 g ( 1.0 mL ) . following parameters were assessed : onset and maximum level of sensory block ; quality of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia ; degree and duration of motor block ; maternal repercussions and Apgar score . onset of sensory block , quality of intraoperative analgesia and total duration of analgesia were similar in both groups ; maximum extent of sensory block predominated in T4 ; maximum degree of motor block ( Bromage 3 ) ; time motor block regression was significantly longer in GII ; Hemodynamic , respiratory repercussions , adverse maternal effects and Apgar scores were similar between groups . both groups , there was a predominance of drowsy or sleeping patients . addition of morphine and clonidine to low doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine produced adequate anesthesia for cesarean section and good postoperative analgesia , without any maternal and fetal repercussions ."
680,Abstract #680,"men , the stimulation of GH and inhibition of LH secretion by testosterone requires aromatization to estradiol . , a selective estrogen receptor modulator ( SERM ) , possesses central estrogen antagonistic effect but peripheral hepatic agonist effect , lowering IGF-I . , tamoxifen is likely to perturb the neuroendocrine regulation of GH and gonadal axes . , a SERM , is used for therapy of osteoporosis in both sexes . neuroendocrine effects in men are poorly understood . aim was to compare the impact of raloxifene and tamoxifen on GH-IGF-I and gonadal axes in healthy men . conducted a randomized , open-label crossover study . healthy men were randomized to 2-wk sequential treatment with tamoxifen ( 10 and 20 mg/d ) and raloxifene ( 60 and 120 mg/d ) , with a 2-wk intervening washout period . measured the GH response to arginine and circulating levels of IGF-I , LH , FSH , testosterone , and SHBG . , but not raloxifene , significantly reduced IGF-I levels by 256 % ( P < 0.01 ) and increased SHBG levels by 207 % ( P < 0.05 ) at the higher therapeutic dose . was a nonstatistically significant trend toward a reduction in the GH response to arginine with both SERMs . drugs significantly increased LH , FSH , and testosterone concentrations . mean increase in testosterone ( 40 vs. 25 % ; P < 0.05 ) and LH ( 70 vs. 30 % ; P < 0.01 ) was significantly greater with tamoxifen than with raloxifene treatment . , but not raloxifene , reduces IGF-I levels . SERMs stimulate the gonadal axis , with tamoxifen imparting a greater effect . conclude that in therapeutic doses , raloxifene perturbs the GH and gonadal axes to a lesser degree than tamoxifen ."
681,Abstract #681,"on the rationale that the ablation of thyroid remnant can effectively reduce the risk for recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma ( DTC ) and hence decrease the case fatality rate . randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the value of hydrochlorothiazide in the ablation of thyroid remnant with 131I . consecutive DTC patients with thyroid remnant after thyroid surgery were divided into two groups by randomization , the hydrochlorothiazide group received hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg tid for 4 days , the control group received placebo . to treatment were evaluated by the increment of thyroid 131I uptake rate at 24 h and the augmentation of 131I absorbed dose . the hydrochlorothiazide group , the 24 h 131I uptake rate was about ( 1.36 + / -0.58 ) times larger than that before treatment , the absorbed dose was about ( 1.35 + / -0.54 ) times larger than that before treatment . in comparison with the control group , the 24 h 131I uptake rate of the hydrochlorothiazide group was significantly increased and the 131I absorbed dose was significantly augmented . is effective for increasing 24 h 131I uptake rate and augmenting 131I absorbed dose of thyroid remnant ."
682,Abstract #682,"doses of inhaled beclomethasone or inhaled cromolyn , given before allergen inhalation , inhibit allergen-induced late asthmatic responses ( LARs ) and increased airway responsiveness ( delta log methacholine PC20 ) . hypothesized that when given 2 hours after allergen , beclomethasone might work better than cromolyn . 10 patients with mild , stable , atopic asthma with LARs or delta log PC20 or both , we performed a double-blind , double-dummy , random-order trial comparing a single dose of inhaled beclomethasone ( 500 micrograms ) , cromolyn ( 20 mg ) , and placebo , administered 2 hours after allergen challenge on LAR and delta log PC20 . treatment effect on LAR was significant ( p < 0.001 ) . LAR after beclomethasone ( 7.3 % + / - 6.1 % ) was significantly less than after cromolyn ( 20.4 % + / - 15.2 % ) or placebo ( 26.4 % + / - 8.2 % ) ; cromolyn was not different from placebo . was a borderline treatment effect on delta log PC20 ( p = 0.056 ) with beclomethasone ( 0.12 + / - 0.31 ) less than placebo ( 0.37 + / - 0.39 ) but not less than cromolyn ( 0.34 + / - 0.18 ) . ( 500 micrograms ) administered 2 hours after allergen challenge markedly inhibited the LAR and had a small effect on allergen-induced airway responsiveness . ( 20 mg ) was not effective on maximal LAR ; a small effect on the early part of the LAR was suggested ."
683,Abstract #683,"differences in socialization can lead to characteristic differences in how we perceive the world . with this influence of differential experience , our perception of faces ( e.g. , preference , recognition ability ) is shaped by our previous experience with different groups of individuals . , we examined whether cultural differences in social practices influence our perception of faces . , Chinese , and Asian-Canadian young adults made relative age judgments ( i.e. , which of these two faces is older ? ) East Asian faces . differences in the emphasis on respect for older individuals was reflected in participants ' latency in facial age judgments for middle-age adult faces -- with the Japanese young adults performing the fastest , followed by the Chinese , then the Asian-Canadians . addition , consistent with the differential behavioural and linguistic markers used in the Japanese culture when interacting with individuals younger than oneself , only the Japanese young adults showed an advantage in judging the relative age of children 's faces . results show that different sociocultural practices shape our efficiency in processing facial age information . impact of culture may potentially calibrate other aspects of face processing ."
684,Abstract #684,"examine the feasibility of using an emotional expression intervention with patients with cancer and test the hypothesis that emotional expression improves psychosocial adjustment . randomized pretest/post-test design with repeated measures . radiation therapy ( RT ) facilities . completing RT for stage I or II breast cancer , who spoke and read English , were independent in self-care , and provided written consent . ( N = 44 ) were middle-aged ( mean = 53.6 years ) , Caucasian , married , and well educated . a baseline interview , subjects were sequentially randomized to an attentional control group , a single dose , or a three-dose emotional expression writing group . were administered at the time of completion of RT. . telephone interviews were completed at 1 , 4-6 , 16 , and 28 weeks post-RT . and negative affect , intrusiveness of thoughts , use of avoidant coping , side effect severity , trait negative affectivity , content of written essay , and themes derived from content analysis . high level of acceptance and completion of emotional expression existed , but no effect of the intervention on psychosocial adjustment was evident . measures in the three-dose group changed as expected . relationship existed between content changes and outcome measures . expression is feasible for patients with cancer , but the efficacy of the intervention in improving mood and decreasing cognitive intrusion and avoidance was not supported . expression processes were consistent with those seen in other samples and may influence outcomes that were not addressed in this study . extensive testing is needed , including additional outcome variables . reveal concerns around communication , recurrence , and health behavior changes that should be considered in practice ."
685,Abstract #685,and intrauterine growth restriction ( IUGR ) are among the most common causes of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality . aim of this study was to examine the value of uterine artery Doppler in the second subsequent pregnancy in a low risk population for the prediction of pre-eclampsia and IUGR at any gestational age . were randomized into two different groups : group A ( nine patients ) with positive notching both at week 20 and 24 in both pregnancies ; group B ( five patients ) with bilateral positive notching at week 20 and 24 only in the second pregnancy . the second pregnancy IUGR rate was 11.1 % in patients of group A and 60 % in patients of group B ( P = 0.0949 ) . the first pregnancy IUGR reached 44.4 % in group A and 0 % in group B ( P = 0.2208 ) . conclusion no significant increase of IUGR has been detected if the abnormal maternal Doppler ultrasound recurs in subsequent pregnancies .
686,Abstract #686,"of genotypic change in HIV protease during treatment with saquinavir ( SQV ) in combination with zidovudine ( ZDV ) and/or zalcitabine ( ddC ) , to determine the influence of such changes on viral phenotype and response to treatment . substudies of Phase III clinical trials NV14256 and SV14604 . sequencing of HIV protease genes amplified from pre - and post-treatment plasma . of peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) - derived virus isolates , and genotyping of proviral DNA clones amplified from PBMC used in the expansion of virus isolates . both trials the incidence of Met90 remained at < or = 20 % in subjects receiving SQV in combination with ddC ( with or without ZDV ) for 1 year . Val48 substitution was observed in two out of 81 subjects after 24 weeks and in two out of 75 subjects after 48 weeks . 12 out of 13 NV14256 subjects with viral load rebound during SQV monotherapy these substitutions were associated with the rebound . subjects treated with SQV plus ddC , rebound was associated with SQV resistance in six out of 22 cases and ddC resistance in five out of 22 cases . incidences of non-BRU residues at positions 10 , 63 and 71 were increased significantly ( P < 0.05 , Fisher 's exact test ) after SQV treatment with or without ZDV . , comparison of genotypic and phenotypic data showed that these changes were not associated with reduced sensitivity to SQV . failure during combination therapy can be due to resistance to either treatment drug , emphasising the need to change both the reverse transcriptase inhibitor and the protease inhibitor . Val48 and Met90 correlated directly with the development of reduced drug sensitivity during treatment with SQV in vivo ."
687,Abstract #687,"immunotherapy represents an interesting alternative to conventional up-dosing schedules because it allows achieving the maintenance dose within a shorter time interval . this study , the efficacy and safety of cluster immunotherapy with a high polymerized allergen extract of a grass/rye pollen mixture have been evaluated in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter study . total , 121 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis due to grass pollen were randomized 1:1 to verum or placebo group . short cluster up-dosing schedule of only 1week was applied to achieve the maintenance dose which was administered monthly during the study period of 1year . combined symptom and medication score ( TCS ) was defined as primary outcome parameter . outcome parameters were individual symptom and medication scores , ` well days , ' global improvement as well as immunological effects and nasal allergen challenge . safety profile was evaluated based on the European academy of allergy and clinical immunology grading system . reduction in the verum compared to the placebo group ( intention-to-treat , population , verum : n = 55 ; placebo : n = 47 ) was found regarding TCS ( P = 0.005 ) , rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score ( RTSS , P = 0.006 ) , and total rescue medication score ( TRMS , P = 0.002 ) . , secondary outcomes such as ` well days , ' nasal challenge results , and increase of specific IgG4 were in favor of the active treatment . systemic adverse reactions ( 0.8 % of all injections in the verum group ) were of mild intensity . severe reactions related to the study medication were observed . immunotherapy with high polymerized grass pollen extracts resulted in significant clinical efficacy and has been shown to be a safe treatment for grass pollen-allergic patients ."
688,Abstract #688,"investigate the effects of Xanthigen ( brown marine algae fucoxanthin + pomegranate seed oil ( PSO ) ) on body weight , body fat , liver lipids , and blood biochemistry ; and Xanthigen and its individual components on resting energy expenditure ( REE ) in obese , non-diabetic female volunteers with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) and normal liver fat ( NLF ) content . , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study . record data , body composition , REE ( only 41 volunteers with NAFLD ) and blood sample analysis were assessed weekly for 16 weeks in 151 non-diabetic , obese premenopausal women with liver fat content above 11 % ( NAFLD ) n = 113 , and below 6.5 % ( NLF ) n = 38 . / 2.4 mg ( 300 mg PSO + 300 mg brown seaweed extract containing 2.4 mg fucoxanthin ) resulted in statistically significant reduction of body weight ( 5.5 + / - 1.4 kg NAFLD group and 4.9 + / - 1.2 kg NLF group , p < 0.05 ) , waist circumference ( NAFLD group only ) , body ( 3.5 + / - 1.9 kg NAFLD group , p < 0.001 ; 3.6 + / - 0.7 kg NLF group , p < 0.05 ) and liver fat content , liver enzymes ( NAFLD group only ) , serum triglycerides and C-reactive protein . loss and reduction in body and liver fat content occurred earlier in patients with NLF than in patients with NAFLD . ( > 2.4 mg ) and Xanthigen-400 / 1.6 mg ( 200 mg PSO + 200 mg brown seaweed extract containing 1.6 mg fucoxanthin ) significantly increased REE in NAFLD subjects compared to placebo . promoted weight loss , reduced body and liver fat content , and improved liver function tests in obese non-diabetic women . and Fucoxanthin also increased REE . product may be considered a promising food supplement in the management of obesity ."
689,Abstract #689,"compare the accuracy of axillary dissection with that of axillary node biopsy for staging of lymph nodes in operable breast cancer . study . hospital , Oestersund , Sweden . women with operable breast cancer who presented between 1985-87 and 1989-91 . were randomised ( n = 100 in each group ) to have either axillary dissection ( in which all fat tissue was removed from the axilla ) or biopsy ( in which the lower half of the axillary fat , together with obviously malignant nodes were removed for histopathological examination ) . of nodes harvested by each method , and number that contained metastases . that contained metastases were found in 43 of the patients in the dissection group and 46 of those who had undergone biopsy alone . median ( range ) yield of nodes in the dissection group was 8.5 ( 0-16 ) and in the biopsy group 6 ( 0-14 ) , p < 0.001 . only two patients ( one in each group ) were no nodes identified . without histologically confirmed node metastases were followed up for a median of 30 months ; one in the biopsy group had a metastatic node detected three months after operation . the last 100 operations the surgeon was asked to assess clinically whether the patients had involved nodes or not ; this had a sensitivity of 59 % and a specificity of 89 % . node dissection and biopsy give similar results in the staging of breast cancer . clinical judgement is unsatisfactory ."
690,Abstract #690,"pilot trial was carried out to determine if a focussed narrative interview could alleviate the components of suffering and anxiety and depression in advanced cancer patients . recruited were invited to participate in a focussed narrative interview and reflect on their perspectives on their sense of `` meaning '' , regarding suffering and their psychological , physical , social and spiritual well being - the emphasis was on allowing the patient to tell their story . were encouraged to share what resources they themselves had utilised in addition to what professional care they may have received , to maintain a sense of well being . with advanced metastatic disease were recruited from hospices in the North West of England - the only exclusion criteria were not being able to understand written and spoken English and a non cancer diagnosis . recruitment patients were asked to complete a numerical scale for suffering ; the Brief Edinburgh Depression Scale , Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale ( ESAS ) , FACIT Spiritual well being questionnaire , Demographic information was collected and patients were randomised to either the intervention arm of the trial or the usual care arm of the study . in both groups were invited to complete each measure at 2 , 4 and 8 weeks . hundred people were recruited into the study - 49 were randomised to intervention group and 51 to control group . median age of patients was 66 years age range ( 31-89 years ) and 68 % of patients were female . baseline the ECOG performance of 75 % of patients recruited was 1 or 2 . median survival of all patients in the study was 169.5 days ( range 10 days to still alive at end of study ) . was no significant difference at any timepoint in scores on suffering measure between intervention group and control group . each time point the intervention demonstrated mean improvement in scores for depression and anxiety on ESAS - the greatest changes for both depression and anxiety were seen at 4 weeks . pilot randomised controlled trial of a focussed narrative intervention demonstrated an improvement in mean changes in scores for depression and anxiety at 2 , 4 , and 8 weeks . suggest this intervention may have beneficial effects on depression and anxiety , but a larger powered trial is required to determine the full effects ."
691,Abstract #691,"aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of 10 mg vardenafil orodispersible tablet ( ODT ) vs. placebo in a general population of men with erectile dysfunction ( ED ) . was a double-blind , multicentre , randomised , parallel-group , placebo-controlled study conducted at 35 centres in Australia , Canada , Mexico and the United States . aged > or = 18 years , with ED for at least 6 months , were randomised to receive 12 weeks of on-demand treatment with either 10 mg vardenafil ODT or placebo . treatment group was stratified such that approximately half of the subjects were aged > or = 65 years . efficacy variables were the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF-EF ) and Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 ( SEP2 ) and 3 ( SEP3 ) . variables included SEP diary questions 1 , 4 , 5 and 6 , the patient version of the Treatment Satisfaction Scale ( TSS ) and the Global Assessment Question ( GAQ ) . the 473 men enrolled in the study ( 51.4 % aged > or = 65 years ) , 331 were included in the intent-to-treat population ( vardenafil ODT , n = 169 ; placebo , n = 162 ) . ODT therapy was statistically significantly superior to placebo for all primary ( i.e. IIEF-EF , SEP2 , SEP3 ) and secondary efficacy variables ( p < 0.0001 ) . adverse events were mostly mild to moderate in severity , and comparable in both incidence and type with those of the film-coated tablet formulation . with 10 mg vardenafil ODT , taken on demand , significantly improved erectile function and was effective and well tolerated in a broad population of men with ED ."
692,Abstract #692,"several plaque indices exist , they rarely assess in detail the plaque adjacent to the gingival margin , an area most important for periodontal health . study aims to develop a new marginal plaque index ( MPI ) and to assess its validity and treatment sensitivity compared to the internationally accepted Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein Index ( TQHI ) . from two studies with n = 64 and n = 67 participants , respectively , are reported here . of MPI with TQHI and concurrent and predictive validity with papillary bleeding index were assessed , as was treatment sensitivity to a treatment of proximal hygiene ( study 1 ) or toothbrushing ( study 2 ) , respectively . validity with TQHI is very good . and predictive validity parameters of the MPI are similar to the TQHI . treatment sensitivity of MPI exceeds TQHI by far . results in a reduction by > 70 % of the sample size needed to discover significant treatment effects . expected , the largest treatment sensitivity was observed for proximal MPI measures in study 1 , whereas study 2 showed largest effects for cervical measures . appears to be a valid plaque-scoring system that assesses plaque at the gingival margin . responds with high sensitivity to treatments aimed at plaque reduction at the gingival margin . treatment sensitivity and capacity to differentiate between proximal and cervical plaque make it a promising tool for periodontal research ."
693,Abstract #693,"regarding effects of lower-dose GH on cardiopulmonary function in GH-deficient ( GHD ) adults are limited . objective was to assess effects of lower-dose GH on exercise capacity and echocardiographic parameters in GHD adults . study was a 6-month double-blind , placebo-controlled randomized trial . study was conducted at the General Clinical Research Center . hypopituitary adults with GHD were studied . were randomized to recombinant human GH or placebo for 6 months , followed by open-label recombinant human GH for 12 months . endpoints were exercise duration , maximal oxygen consumption , and left ventricular ejection fraction . endpoints were echocardiographic indices of systolic and diastolic function , left ventricular mass , lipids , and body composition . the 6-month double-blind phase , mean GH dose was 0.64 mg/d . IGF-I sd score increased from -4.5 to -1.0 . duration , maximal oxygen consumption , left ventricular ejection fraction , and other echocardiographic parameters were normal at baseline and did not change . decreased total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 7.5 % ( P = 0.016 ) and 14.7 % ( P = 0.002 ) ( P = 0.04 vs. placebo ) . lean body mass increased by 2.2 kg ( P = 0.004 ) , fat mass decreased by 1.7 kg ( P = 0.21 ) , and percent body fat decreased by 2.5 % ( P = 0.018 ) , although between-group changes were not significant . GH did not improve exercise performance or echocardiographic parameters or decrease fat mass but significantly decreased total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , increased IGF-I , and increased lean body mass . results indicate that responses to human GH are variable and should be assessed at baseline and during treatment ."
694,Abstract #694,"Age-Related Eye Disease Study ( AREDS ) demonstrated that antioxidant and zinc supplementation decreases progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) in patients with moderate to severe disease . evaluated the interaction of genetics and type of nutritional supplement on progression from moderate to advanced AMD . analysis of a randomized , prospective clinical trial . patients with AREDS category 3 AMD in 1 eye and AREDS categories 1 through 4 AMD in the fellow eye enrolled in the AREDS with available peripheral blood-derived DNA ( 995 ) . were evaluated for known AMD genetic risk markers and treatment category . progression rate to advanced AMD was analyzed by genotypes and AREDS treatment group using Cox regression . effect of inherited gene polymorphisms on treatment group-specific rate of progression to advanced AMD . an average of 10.1 years , individuals with 1 or 2 complement factor H ( CFH ) risk alleles derived maximum benefit from antioxidants alone . these patients , the addition of zinc negated the benefits of antioxidants . with zinc and antioxidants was associated with a risk ratio ( RR ) of 1.83 with 2 CFH risk alleles ( P = 1.03E-02 ) , compared with outcomes for patients without CFH risk alleles . with age-related maculopathy sensitivity 2 ( ARMS2 ) risk alleles derived maximum benefit from zinc-containing regimens , with a deleterious response to antioxidants in the presence of ARMS2 risk alleles . with antioxidants was associated with an RR of 2.58 for those with 1 ARMS2 risk allele and 3.96 for those with 2 ARMS2 risk alleles ( P = 1.04E-6 ) , compared with patients with no ARMS2 risk alleles . homozygous for CFH and ARMS2 risk alleles derived no benefit from any category of AREDS treatment . with moderate AMD could benefit from pharmacogenomic selection of nutritional supplements . this analysis , patients with no CFH risk alleles and with 1 or 2 ARMS2 risk alleles derived maximum benefit from zinc-only supplementation . with one or two CFH risk alleles and no ARMS2 risk alleles derived maximum benefit from antioxidant-only supplementation ; treatment with zinc was associated with increased progression to advanced AMD . recommendations could lead to improved outcomes through genotype-directed therapy ."
695,Abstract #695,"is an acquired skin disorder that is characterized by well-defined , often symmetric white patches . current therapeutic modalities are directed toward increasing melanocyte melanin production , few treatment modalities address the immunologic nature of the disease . determine whether excimer laser , a known therapeutic modality , in combination with tacrolimus , a topical immunomodulator , accelerate response time and/or improve the degree of response in patients with this disorder . subjects diagnosed with vitiligo were recruited to participate in this institutional review board-approved double-blind , placebo-controlled study . symmetric vitiliginous patches ( elbows , knees ) from eight subjects received excimer laser treatment three times per week for 24 treatments or 10 weeks . , topical tacrolimus 0.1 % ointment ( Protopic ) and placebo ( Aquaphor ) were applied to randomized patches ( left or right ) twice daily throughout the length of the trial . patches were monitored with photographs at baseline , every 2 weeks , and 6 months after treatment . were performed on subjects with significant results . vitiliginous patches from six subjects qualified for evaluation . percent of patches treated with combination excimer laser and tacrolimus achieved a successful response ( 75 % repigmentation ) compared with 20 % for the placebo group . who responded successfully repigmented faster ( 19 % ) with combination therapy compared with excimer laser alone . , three subjects experienced transient hyperpigmentation in lesions treated with combination therapy . topical immunomodulators with known phototherapeutic modalities may represent a key advancement in the treatment of disease ."
696,Abstract #696,"primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT ) is a common disease especially in middle-aged and elderly women . diagnosis is frequently made incidentally and treatment strategies are widely discussed . study the effect of parathyroidectomy ( PTX ) compared with observation ( OBS ) on biochemistry , safety , bone mineral density ( BMD ) , and new fractures . , randomized controlled study ( SIPH study ) , with a 5-year follow-up . study was conducted at multicenter , tertiary referral centers . 191 randomized patients with mild PHPT , biochemical data were available for 145 patients after 5 years , with a mean age at inclusion of 62.8 years ( OBS group , 9 males ) and 62.1 years ( PTX group , 10 males ) . vs observation . , BMD , and new radiographic vertebral fractures . and PTH-levels normalized after surgery and did not deteriorate by observation . Z-scores were normal at inclusion in the lumbar spine ( LS ) and femoral neck ( FN ) . LS , BMD Z-scores were stable for 5 years with observation , but decreased in FN ( P < .02 ) . surgery , BMD Z-scores increased significantly in both compartments ( P < .02 for both ) , with a highly significant treatment effect of surgery compared to observation ( P < .001 ) . follow-up , five new clinically unrecognized vertebral fractures were found in 5 females , all in the OBS group ( P = .058 ) . though new vertebral fractures occurred only in the observation group , the frequency was not significantly different from the surgery group . follow-up is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the long-term safety of observation , as opposed to surgery ."
697,Abstract #697,"observe the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture ( EA ) at Neimadian ( Extra ) and Neiguan ( PC 6 ) for analgesia after thoracic surgery . hundred and twenty cases of thoracic surgery were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture ( EA ) group ( 60 cases ) and a medication group ( 60 cases ) . was applied at Neimadian ( Extra ) and Neiguan ( PC 6 ) for postoperation analgesia in the EA group , while patient-controlled intravenous analgesia ( PCIA ) was applied in the medication group . score of visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , analgesia effect , safety and beta-endorphin level after the treatment in both groups were compared . with those before the treatment , the VAS scores in every time point after surgery were decreased ( all P < 0.05 ) , which were lower in the EA group ( P < 0.01 ) . excellent and good rates were 96.7 % ( 58/60 ) and 75.0 % ( 45/60 ) seperately , the analgesia effect in the EA group ( 2 h after operation ) was superior to that in the medication group ( P < 0.01 ) . safety degree in EA group was higher to that in the medication group ( P < 0.01 ) . with that before the treatment , the beta-endorphin level in two groups after treatment was both increased , which was higher in the EA group ( P < 0.01 ) . at Neimadian ( Extra ) and Neiguan ( PC 6 ) has better analgesia effect ( 2 h after operation ) and safety than PICA on analgesia after thoracic surgery ."
698,Abstract #698,"determine whether manual wheelchair configuration impacts how well a person who has acquired brain injury ( ABI ) related hemiparesis performs functional tasks from his or her wheelchair . cross-over design . rehabilitation hospital . patients with ABI resulting in hemiparesis undergoing inpatient rehabilitation ( average of 75 days post-injury ( 29.2 days ) ; age range , 21-64 ; 9 with mechanical brain injury , 10 with cerebral vascular accident ) . in the study were placed in two different wheelchair configurations ( position one and position two ) and were randomized as to which position they were placed in first . outcome measures were taken twice on each individual within each wheelchair configuration during two consecutive days . Forward Wheeling ( TFW ) , Modified Functional Reach test ( MFR ) , Visual Analogue Scale for Comfort ( VAS ) , transfer score from the Functional Independence Measure ( FIM ) , measurement of popliteal fossa to front of cushion . position two seating group 's TFW was significantly faster than the position one seating group at both time points . were no significant differences in the MFR scores , VAS comfort scale scores , and FIM transfer score between the two groups . wheelchair configuration with no seat slope , solid backrest mounted at 95 degree ( 3 degrees ) seat to back angle , and use of a solid seat insert with a flat foam cushion ( position two ) results in greater efficiency in foot propulsion for individuals with ABI than a wheelchair configuration with one inch of seat slope , solid backrest mounted at 105 degree ( 3 degrees ) seat to back angle , and no solid seat insert with a gel/foam contoured cushion ( position 1 ) ."
699,Abstract #699,"compare the efficacy of applying hot dry air versus dry air at room temperature to the throat of patients with a newly acquired common cold using a symptom severity score . randomised single-blind controlled trial with a treatment duration of 3 days and a follow-up period of 4 days was conducted at a sauna in Berlin , Germany . November 2007 and March 2008 and between September 2008 and April 2009 , 157 patients with symptoms of the common cold were randomly assigned to an intervention group ( n = 80 ) and a control group ( n = 77 ) . in the intervention group inhaled hot dry air within a hot sauna , dressed in a winter coat , whereas participants in the control group inhaled dry air at room temperature within a hot sauna , also dressed in a winter coat . under the curve ( AUC ) summarising symptom severity over time ( Days 2 , 3 , 5 and 7 ) , symptom severity scores for individual days , intake of medication for the common cold and general ill feeling . significant difference between groups was observed for AUC representing symptom severity over time ( intervention group mean , 31.2 [ SEM , 1.8 ] ; control group mean , 35.1 [ SEM , 2.3 ] ; group difference , -3.9 [ 95 % CI , -9.7 to 1.9 ] ; P = 0.19 ) . , significant differences between groups were found for medication use on Day 1 ( P = 0.01 ) , symptom severity score on Day 2 ( P = 0.04 ) , and participants ' ratings of the effectiveness of the therapy on Day 7 ( P = 0.03 ) . hot air while in a sauna has no significant impact on overall symptom severity of the common cold . identifier NCT00552981 ."
700,Abstract #700,"is an adjunctive therapy for type 2 diabetes , and preliminary evidence suggests that its glucoregulatory effects may be similar in the absence of oral therapy . A was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study of 99 patients with type 2 diabetes that received either 10 microg twice-daily , 10 microg once-daily , or 20 microg once-daily exenatide or placebo for 28 days in the absence of background pharmacotherapy . B was an open-label extension of a short-term study of 127 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or diet and exercise . received exenatide 5 microg twice-daily for 4 weeks followed by 10 microg for 26 weeks . treated with metformin continued oral therapy . treatment with 10 microg of exenatide twice-daily for 28 days resulted in significant mean reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin ( A1C ) of -0.4 + / - 0.1 % and fasting plasma glucose of -36.1 + / - 11.0 mg/dL compared to increases of +0.2 + / - 0.1 % and +11.0 + / - 12.7 mg/dL with placebo . blood glucose profiles showed significant mean reductions in daily blood glucose concentrations in exenatide-treated patients compared to placebo . treatment for 30 weeks in an open-label extension study resulted in similar mean reductions from baseline in A1C and body weight in patients treated with diet and exercise alone ( -1.0 + / - 0.2 % and -4.3 + / - 1.3 kg , respectively ) as those treated on a background of metformin ( -0.9 + / - 0.1 % and -3.7 + / - 0.5 kg , respectively ) . both studies , the most frequent adverse events were gastrointestinal and predominantly mild to moderate in intensity . of mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia was low , with no severe hypoglycemia . twice-daily monotherapy resulted in glycemic improvements and reductions in body weight comparable to that of exenatide combination therapy with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes ."
701,Abstract #701,"stone disease is common , with an estimated prevalence among the general population of 2 % to 3 % . stones can cause severe pain and have a significant impact on quality of life , accounting for over 15,000 hospital admissions in England annually . cases of smaller stones in the lower ureter are traditionally treated expectantly . who fail standard care or develop complications undergo active treatment , such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy with stone retrieval . interventions are expensive , require urological expertise and carry a risk of complications.Growing understanding of ureteric function and pathophysiology has led to the hypothesis that drugs causing relaxation of ureteric smooth muscle , such as the selective - blocker tamsulosin and the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine , can enhance the spontaneous passage of ureteric stones . use of drugs in augmenting stone passage , reducing the morbidity and costs associated with ureteric stone disease , is promising . , the majority of clinical trials conducted to date have been small , poor to moderate quality and lacking in comprehensive economic evaluation.This trial aims to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of tamsulosin and nifedipine in the management of symptomatic urinary stones . SUSPEND ( Spontaneous Urinary Stone Passage ENabled by Drugs ) trial is a multicentre , double-blind , randomized controlled trial evaluating two medical expulsive therapy strategies ( nifedipine or tamsulosin ) versus placebo.Patients aged 18 to 65 with a ureteric stone confirmed by non-contrast computed tomography of the kidney , ureter and bladder will be randomized to receive nifedipine , tamsulosin or placebo ( 400 participants per arm ) for a maximum of 28days . primary clinical outcome is spontaneous passage of ureteric stones at 4weeks ( defined as no further intervention required to facilitate stone passage ) . primary economic outcome is a reduction in the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life years , determined at 12weeks . analysis will be based on all participants as randomized ( intention to treat ) . trial has 90 % power with a type I error rate of 5 % to detect a 10 % increase in primary outcome between the tamsulosin and nifedipine treatment groups . ; EudraCT number : 2010-019469-26 ."
702,Abstract #702,"aim of this randomized , partly blinded , controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of debridement 6 and 12 days after endoscopic sinus surgery . patients ( male/female = 26/34 ; mean age , 43.5 years ; age range , 23-73 years ) with chronic or acute recurrent rhinosinusitis were included . patients were randomized to postoperative debridement or not . outcome variables were adhesions between the middle turbinate and the lateral nasal wall 10 to 14 weeks after surgery judged by blinded evaluation of endoscopic video recordings . outcome variables were crusts in the nasal cavity 12 days after surgery and pain caused by debridement . found a significant reduction in adhesions in the group that underwent debridement ( P < .001 ) . 12 weeks , bilateral adhesions were observed in nine control patients but in only one debridement patient . adhesions were found in 11 control patients and in nine debridement patients . days after surgery , we found significantly less severe crusts in the debridement group ( P < .01 ) . with severe crusts in the middle meatus 12 days after surgery had more adhesions 12 weeks postoperatively . debridement group used more analgesics the days after the first debridement ( 3.7 days [ standard deviation 2.3 ] vs. 2.3 days [ standard deviation 2.6 ] in the control group , P < .041 ) . in the middle meatus after sinus surgery is associated with postoperative adhesions . of the nasal cavity reduces crusts and postoperative adhesions significantly compared with saline irrigation only . , the procedure induces more postoperative nasal pain ."
703,Abstract #703,"possible link between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS ) and fibrinolysis has recently been suggested . infusion of angiotensin II results in an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI-1 ) levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACEI ) have been shown to decrease PAI-1 levels . , recent data indicated that plasma aldosterone levels were positively correlated with plasma PAI-1 levels . study was designed to compare the effects of an ACEI with an ACEI in combination with an aldosterone antagonist on PAI-1 levels in chronic hypertensive patients . were randomized into two groups and were treated with either low salt diet plus fosinopril ( group 1 , n = 43 ) or low salt diet plus fosinopril plus spironolactone ( group 2 , n = 42 ) . PAI-1 , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and plasma renin activity ( PRA ) levels were measured before and after 24 week treatment in both groups . mean basal PRA levels were similar in both groups . antihypertensive therapy , the mean PRA increased significantly in both groups ( P < 0.005 ) . mean plasma PAI-1 levels were reduced in both treatment groups ( P < 0.005 ) . , the reduction in group 2 was more pronounced ( P < 0.05 ) . after the treatment mean plasma levels of PAI-1 significantly reduced in both groups , the reduction of PAI-1 levels was more pronounced in group 2 . the plasma levels of PAI-1 significantly reduced after treatment in both groups , the reduction of PAI-1 levels was more pronounced in group 2 . data indicated that administration of aldosterone antagonists in combination with ACEI had additional benefit on fibrinolysis in chronic hypertensive patients ."
704,Abstract #704,"test the hypothesis that self-reported alcohol outcome expectancies are situationally specific beliefs that vary depending on contextual variables , such as the quantity and type of beverage one is instructed to imagine consuming . hundred thirty DUI offenders attending a 72-hour weekend program were randomly assigned to either a `` small dose '' or `` large dose '' instruction condition and then completed five versions of the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol scale , a separate version for each of five beverage types ( `` alcohol , '' `` beer , '' `` wine , '' `` mixed drinks '' and `` straight liquor '' ) . separate 2 ( dose ) x 5 ( beverage type ) ANOVAs revealed that positive and negative expectancies varied significantly as a function of both dose and beverage type . , participants endorsed more positive outcomes and more negative outcomes when they imagined drinking a large amount versus a small amount . addition , participants endorsed significantly more positive expectancies for beer and mixed drinks than for wine . endorsed the largest number of negative expectancies for straight liquor and the fewest for wine . are to some degree context-bound and researchers and clinicians should consider providing explicit dose and beverage type instructions to research participants and clients when they use self-report questionnaires to assess alcohol outcome expectancies ."
705,Abstract #705,"standard formulas for preterm infants promote intrauterine rates of weight gain , fat deposition in preterm infants fed these formulas has been reported to be considerably higher than that in the fetus . hypothesized that a preterm infant formula with a higher protein : energy ( P : E ) ratio would promote accretion rates of fat , fat-free mass , and minerals closer to those of the fetus . part of a larger study to determine whether accretion rates of fat and fat-free mass closer to those of the fetus can be achieved with a higher P : E ratio , we present a descriptive analysis of 72-h nutrient balance studies performed on a subset ( n = 15/30 ) of the infants randomly assigned to be fed formula with a P : E ratio of either 3.2 g/100 kcal or 2.6 g/100 kcal . the higher intake and net absorption of nitrogen by infants fed the higher P : E formula , there was no statistically significant difference in net nitrogen retention between groups . also were no statistically significant differences between groups in digestible energy , metabolizable energy , energy expenditure , or energy storage . , partitioning of stored energy as protein and fat did not differ between groups . retention of calcium , phosphorus , sodium , potassium , copper , and zinc also did not differ between groups , and nitrogen intake did not affect mineral retention . this study , formula for preterm infants with a P : E ratio of 3.2 g/100 kcal vs. 2.6 g/100 kcal provided no apparent benefit in terms of the proportion of fat to lean tissue accretion as determined from nutrient balance data ."
706,Abstract #706,"placebo-controlled randomized crossover study to investigate the effects of zolpidem on sleep stability in Japanese insomniac patients was performed using the cyclic alternating pattern ( CAP ) rate , a polysomnographic marker that reflects sleep instability . patients ( 5 M and 12 F , mean age : 40.4 + / -13.6 years ) who met the International Classification of Sleep Disorders ( ICSD ) criteria for psychophysiological insomnia were evaluated . the first period , patients were administered the placebo on the first night , followed by either zolpidem or the placebo on the second night ( treatment night ) . second crossover period was conducted after a minimum 3-day observation . in the overnight CAP rate was the primary endpoint . endpoints included the CAP variables , conventional sleep variables , EEG arousals , subjective evaluation of sleep quality ( measured by means of a visual analogue scale and the St. Mary 's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire ) , and drug safety . significantly decreased the overnight CAP rate values ( 57.6 vs. 39.0 % , p = 0.009 ) and improved `` sleep depth '' ( p = 0.044 ) and `` sleep quality '' ( p = 0.023 ) subjective questionnaire scores . also significantly improved VAS ( p = 0.036 ) . amount of time spent in sleep stages 3 +4 was significantly increased by zolpidem without affecting the amounts of stage 2 and rapid eye movement ( REM ) sleep . negative correlations were found when the sleep quality score was matched to the CAP rate ( p = 0.022 ) . serious adverse events occurred during the study . Japanese patients with psychophysiological insomnia , zolpidem increased sleep stability by significantly improving the overnight CAP rate . also improved sleep depth and sleep quality , both subjectively and objectively ."
707,Abstract #707,"medication ( ADM ) is thought to reduce depressive symptoms by altering emotion-generative brain systems . , it is unknown whether successful ADM treatment is associated with changes in psychobehavioral strategies used to regulate emotions . examined depressive symptoms and emotion regulation strategies before and after ADM in the international Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression ( iSPOT-D ) . study enrolled 1008 adult patients with MDD ( 18-65 years old ) from 18 primary and psychiatric care sites worldwide . were randomly assigned to an 8-week course of escitalopram , sertraline , or venlafaxine-extended-release . examined whether ADM is associated with changes in suppression , usually associated with maladaptive outcomes , and reappraisal , usually associated with adaptive outcomes . also tested whether changes in emotion regulation predict changes in depressive symptoms following ADM. observed more adaptive emotion regulation ( decreased use of suppression and increased use of reappraisal ) following ADM. Furthermore , the largest improvements in emotion regulation were associated with the best treatment outcomes . we assessed acute outcomes , it is not yet known if the effects of ADM on emotion regulation would persist over time . are associated with acute , adaptive changes in the psychobehavioral strategies used to regulate emotions ."
708,Abstract #708,"test if enhancing maternal skin-to-skin contact , or kangaroo mother care ( KMC ) by adding rocking , singing and sucking is more efficacious than simple KMC for procedural pain in preterm neonates . neonates ( n = 90 ) between 32 0/7 and 36 0/7 weeks ' gestational age participated in a single-blind randomized crossover design . infant was held in KMC with the addition of rocking , singing and sucking or the infant was held in KMC without additional stimulation . Premature Infant Pain Profile was the primary outcome with time to recover as the secondary outcome . repeated-measures analysis of covariance was employed for analyses . were no significant differences in any of the 30 s time periods over the 2 min of blood sampling nor in time to return to baseline . to historical controls of the same age in incubator , the pain scores were lower and comparable to other studies of KMC . were site differences related to lower scores with the use of sucrose in one site and higher scores in younger , sicker infants in another site . sensorial stimulations from skin-to-skin contact that include tactile , olfactory sensations from the mother are sufficient to decrease pain response in premature neonates . studies showing that rocking , sucking and music were efficacious were independent of skin-to-skin contact , which , when used alone has been shown to be effective as reported across studies ."
709,Abstract #709,"cisplatin is a new formulation developed to reduce the systemic toxicity of cisplatin while simultaneously improving the targeting of the drug to the primary tumor and to metastases by increasing circulation time in the body fluids and tissues . primary objectives were to determine nephrotoxicity , gastrointestinal side-effects , peripheral neuropathy and hematological toxicity and secondary objectives were to determine the response rate , time to tumor progression ( TTP ) and survival . hundred and thirty-six chemotherapy-naive patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer were randomly allocated to receive either 200 mg/m of liposomal cisplatin and 135 mg/m paclitaxel ( arm A ) or 75 mg/m cisplatin and 135 mg/m paclitaxel ( arm B ) , once every 2 weeks on an outpatient basis . hundred and twenty-nine patients were assessable for toxicity , response rate and survival . treatment cycles were planned . A patients showed statistically significant lower nephrotoxicity , grade 3 and 4 leucopenia , grade 2 and 3 neuropathy , nausea , vomiting and fatigue . was no significant difference in median and overall survival and TTP between the two arms ; median survival was 9 and 10 months in arms A and B , respectively , and TTP was 6.5 and 6 months in arms A and B , respectively . cisplatin in combination with paclitaxel has been shown to be much less toxic than the original cisplatin combined with paclitaxel . in particular was negligible after liposomal cisplatin administration . and survival were similar in both treatment arms ."
710,Abstract #710,"( IFL ) may protect against chronic diseases , including cancer . exposure is traditionally measured from plasma ( PL ) , but the reliability of urine is uncertain . assessed whether IFL excretion in overnight urine ( OU ) or spot urine ( SU ) reliably reflects IFLs in PL and the usefulness of the three matrices to determine soy intake compliance . a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled soy intervention trial with 350 postmenopausal women , IFLs ( daidzein , genistein , glycitein , equol , O-desmethylangolensin , dihydrodaidzein , dihydrogenistein ) were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in OU , SU , and PL collected at baseline and every 6 months over 2.5 years . between-subject intraclass correlations between all three matrices ( median , 0.94 ) and high between-subject Pearson correlations ( median r ( OU-PL ) = 0.80 ; median r ( SU-PL ) = 0.80 ; median r ( OU-SU ) = 0.92 ) allowed the development of equations to predict IFL values from any of the three matrices . developed from a randomly selected 87 % of all available data were valid because high correlations were found on the residual 13 % of data between equation-generated and measured IFL values ( median r ( OU-PL ) = 0.86 ; median r ( SU-PL ) = 0.78 ; median r ( OU-SU ) = 0.84 ) ; median absolute IFL differences for OU-PL , SU-PL , and OU-SU were 8.8 nmol/L , 10.3 nmol/L , and 0.28 nmol/mg , respectively . three matrices showed highly significant IFL differences between the placebo and soy intervention group at study end ( P < 0.0001 ) and highly significant correlations between IFL values and counted soy doses in the intervention group . and SU IFL excretion reflect circulating PL IFL levels in healthy postmenopausal women accurately . urine can be used to reliably determine systemic IFL exposure and soy intake compliance ."
711,Abstract #711,"determine whether earlier administration of insulin glargine ( glargine ) vs. the intensification of lifestyle management ( LM ) improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients with A1c 7-8 % treated with oral therapy . [ Testing the Usefulness of gLargine when Initiated Promptly in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) ] was a 9-month , 12-visit , open-label , multinational , multicentre , randomized study to evaluate starting glargine or intensifying LM in T2DM patients aged 40-75 years , body mass index ( BMI ) 24-35 kg/m2 and A1c 7-8 % , treated with maximum doses of metformin and sulphonylurea for > or = 2 years . was injected once daily ( evening ) and titrated to fasting blood glucose 0.7-1 .0 g/l . the LM arm , dietary and physical activity counselling recommended stable weight for people with BMI < 27 kg/m2 or weight loss of 3 kg for patients with BMI > or = 27 kg/m2 . total of 215 patients were randomized to glargine ( n = 106 ) or LM ( n = 109 ) . primary objective was patients achieving A1c < 7 % at endpoint . endpoints included changes in A1c , in fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , body weight and hypoglycaemia incidence . hundred and eleven ( 52.6 % male ) patients were randomized and treated ; mean ( + / - s.d. ) age 60.7 + / - 7.9 years , weight 84.5 + / - 13.1 kg , BMI 29.9 + / - 3.5 kg/m2 and A1c 7.6 + / - 0.4 % . patients reached A1c < 7 % ( 66 vs. 38 % ; p < 0.0001 ) or < 6.5 % ( 34 vs. 11 % ; p = 0.0001 ) with glargine vs. LM . change in FPG from baseline to study endpoint was significantly greater in the glargine vs. the LM arm ( -0.50 + / - 0.47 vs. -0.05 + / - 0.39 g/l respectively ; p < 0.0001 ) . with the glargine group , the LM group showed a decrease in weight ( +0.9 + / - 2.9 vs. -2.5 + / - 3.2 kg ; p < 0.0001 ) , as well as the expected lower symptomatic hypoglycaemia ( 55.3 vs. 25.0 % ; p < 0.0001 ) and nocturnal hypoglycaemia ( 20.4 vs. 5.6 % ; p = 0.0016 ) . significant changes were observed from baseline to study endpoint in any of the lipid parameters tested . patients with T2DM with A1c 7-8 % , who were previously treated by conventional LM and OAD therapy , adding glargine resulted in greater improvements in glycaemic control vs. intensifying LM ."
712,Abstract #712,"effects of residence in an acute geriatrics-based ward ( AGW ) with emphasis on early rehabilitation and discharge planning for older patients with acute medical illnesses were assessed . and use of resources were compared with those of patients treated in general medical wards ( MWs ) . per-protocol rather than intention-to-treat analysis was performed . randomized trial with 3-months follow-up . total of 190 patients aged 70 years and older were randomized to an acute geriatrics-based ward , and 223 patients were randomized to general medical wards . two groups were comparable at inclusion . , after care in the AGW , 71 % of patients could be discharged directly home compared with 64 % of those treated in MWs ( relative risk 1.17 ; 95 % CI , 0.93-1 .49 ) . length of stay was shorter in the AGW ( mean 5.9 vs 7.3 days ; P = .002 ) . proportion of patients in geriatric or other hospital wards or in nursing homes did not differ , but the proportion of AGW patients in sheltered living tended to be lower ( P = .085 ) . the follow-up , case fatality , ADL function , psychological well-being , need for daily personal assistance , drug consumption , need for readmission to hospital , and total health care costs after discharge did not differ between the two groups . global outcome was observed in 37 % of AGW and 34 % of MW patients . geriatric approach with greater emphasis on early rehabilitation and discharge planning in the AGW shortened the length of hospital stay and may have reduced the need for long-term institutional living . occurred despite patients in an acute geriatric ward not having better medical or functional outcome than older acute patients treated in general medical wards ."
713,Abstract #713,"partner violence ( IPV ) and its associated negative mental health consequences are significant for women in New Zealand and internationally . of the most widely recommended interventions is safety planning . , few women experiencing violence access specialist services for safety planning . safety decision aid , weighing the dangers of leaving or staying in an abusive relationship , gives women the opportunity to prioritise , plan and take action to increase safety for themselves and their children . randomised controlled trial is testing the effectiveness of an innovative , interactive web-based safety decision aid . trial is an international collaborative concurrent replication of a USA trial ( IRIS study NCT01312103 ) , regionalised for the Aotearoa New Zealand culture and offers fully automated online trial recruitment , eligibility screening and consent . a fully automated web-based trial ( isafe ) 340 abused women will be randomly assigned in equal numbers to a safety decision aid intervention or usual safety planning control website . components include : ( a ) safety priority setting , ( b ) danger assessment and ( c ) an individually tailored safety action plan . outcome measures are collected at baseline and 3 , 6 , and 12-months post-baseline . outcomes are depression ( measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale , Revised ) and IPV exposure ( measured by Severity Violence Against Women Scale ) at 12 months post-baseline . outcomes include PTSD , psychological abuse , decisional conflict , safety behaviors and danger in the relationship . trial will provide much-needed information on the potential relationships among safety planning , improved mental health , reduced violence as well as decreased decisional conflict related to safety in the abusive relationship . novel web-based safety decision aid intervention may provide a cost-effective , easily accessed safety-planning resource that can be translated into clinical and community practice by multiple health disciplines and advocates . trial will also provide information about how women in abusive relationships safely access safety information and resources through the Internet . , the trial will inform other research teams on the feasibility and acceptability of fully automated recruitment , eligibility screening , consent and retention procedures . registered on 03 July 2012 on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000708853 ."
714,Abstract #714,"large proportion of patients with bipolar disorder experience persistent cognitive dysfunction , such as memory , attention and planning difficulties , even during periods of full remission . aim of this trial is to investigate whether cognitive remediation , a new psychological treatment , improves cognitive function and , in turn , psychosocial function in patients with bipolar disorder in partial or full remission . trial has an evaluator-blind , randomized , between-groups design . patients with bipolar disorder in full or partial remission , aged 18 to 50 years , who report moderate to severe cognitive difficulties , are recruited . are randomized to receive weekly group-based cognitive remediation treatment over 12 weeks in addition to standard treatment or standard treatment alone . groups undergo neurocognitive testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) at baseline , post-treatment ( week 12 ) and follow-up ( week 26 ) . primary outcome is improved verbal memory , as measured with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test ( RAVLT ) from baseline to post-treatment . inclusion of 40 patients we obtain 86 % power to detect a clinically relevant difference in verbal memory between groups . outcomes are improved attention , executive function and psychosocial function , as measured with the Rapid Visual Information Processing test , the Trail Making Test part B and the Functional Assessment Short Test ( FAST ) , respectively . outcomes are improved scores for additional neuropsychological tests of memory , attention , executive function and facial expression recognition , as well as in questionnaires measuring subjective cognitive difficulties , stress , coping strategies , personality traits , depressive symptoms and quality of life . is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of cognitive remediation on cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder who experience persistent cognitive difficulties despite being in full or partial remission . NCT01457235 ."
715,Abstract #715,"conventional health education materials , such as pamphlets and booklets , are designed to reach as wide an audience as possible ; they are therefore often lengthy and contain information irrelevant to many consumers . technologies allow sophisticated tailoring of messages targeted to individual patients and free of irrelevant information . two studies in North Carolina ( study 1 , N = 51 ; study 2 , N = 197 ) , adult cigarette smokers were identified from a cohort of family practice patients . consumption , interest in quitting smoking , perceived benefits and barriers to quitting , and other characteristics relevant to smoking cessation were collected . on this information , smoking cessation letters were tailored by computer to individuals . were randomly assigned to experimental ( tailored health letters ) or comparison groups ( generic health letter in study 1 , no health letter in study 2 ) . status was assessed again at 4 months ( study 1 ) or 6 months ( study 2 ) . studies found statistically significant positive effects of tailored health letters among moderate to light smokers . study 1 , 30.7 % reported quitting after 6 months vs 7.1 % in the control group ( P < .05 ) ; in study 2 , 19.1 % vs 7.3 % ( P < .05 ) . from both studies indicate positive effects of computer-tailored smoking messages among moderate to light smokers . findings are consistent with the focus of our computer-tailored program on psychological and behavioral factors related to smoking cessation . cessation outcomes may be enhanced by combining tailored messages with nicotine replacement therapies to treat physical dependency . of tailoring health messages and incorporating the results into family practice are described ."
716,Abstract #716,"management of patients taking aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) who require colonoscopy remains controversial because of concerns over bleeding after biopsy or polypectomy . determine whether patients using the NSAID nabumetone , a non-acidic prodrug with mixed activity against cyclooxygenase-1 ( COX-1 ) and COX-2 , exhibited prolonged mucosal bleeding times and how this might compare with mucosal bleeding times in patients using aspirin . assessed triplicate mucosal bleeding times in patients undergoing screening flexible sigmoidoscopy . compared 90 patients who had taken no aspirin or NSAIDs within the previous 2 weeks , to 60 patients who had received nabumetone 1 g b.d. by mouth for the previous 2 weeks , and 30 patients who had taken 325 mg aspirin daily for the previous 2 weeks . each case , the investigator performing the study was blinded to the patient 's medication . bleeding times did not differ significantly among control or nabumetone-using patients . , the patients receiving aspirin exhibited significant prolongation . bleeding time correlated statistically significantly , but weakly , with skin bleeding time . does not appear to prolong mucosal bleeding time after mucosal pinch biopsy , and skin bleeding time does not reliably screen for prolonged mucosal bleeding time ."
717,Abstract #717,"artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery is frequently performed and effective ; however , perioperative complications related to ischemia-reperfusion injury , including myocardial infarction ( MI ) , remain common and result in significant morbidity and mortality . , a naturally occurring pyridoxine metabolite and purinergic receptor antagonist , prevents cellular calcium overload and may reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury . 2 trial data suggest that MC-1 may reduce death or MI in high-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery . assess the efficacy and safety of MC-1 administered immediately before and for 30 days after surgery in patients undergoing CABG surgery . MC-1 to Eliminate Necrosis and Damage in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery II Trial , a phase 3 , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , with 3023 intermediate - to high-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass enrolled between October 2006 and September 2007 at 130 sites in Canada , the United States , and Germany . received either MC-1 , 250 mg/d ( n = 1519 ) , or matching placebo ( n = 1504 ) immediately before and for 30 days after CABG surgery . primary efficacy outcome was cardiovascular death or nonfatal MI , defined as a creatine kinase ( CK ) MB fraction of at least 100 ng/mL or new Q waves through postoperative day 30 . primary efficacy outcome occurred in 140 of 1510 patients ( 9.3 % ) in the MC-1 group and 133 of 1486 patients ( 9.0 % ) in the placebo group ( risk ratio , 1.04 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.83-1 .30 ; P = .76 ) . mortality was higher among patients assigned to MC-1 than placebo at 4 days ( 1.0 % vs 0.3 % ; P = .03 ) but was similar at 30 days ( 1.9 % vs 1.5 % ; P = .44 ) . was no difference in the 8 - to 24-hour CK-MB area under the curve between the MC-1 and placebo groups ( median , 270 [ interquartile range , 175-492 ] vs 268 [ interquartile range , 170-456 ] hours x ng/mL ; P = .11 ) . this population of intermediate - to high-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery , MC-1 did not reduce the composite of cardiovascular death or nonfatal MI . Identifier : NCT00402506"
718,Abstract #718,"and back pain in school children is associated with wearing heavy backpacks . pain may be attributed to the magnitude of the backpack load and the manner by which children distribute the load over their shoulders and back . purpose of this study is to quantify the pressures under backpack straps of children while they carried a typical range of loads during varying conditions . healthy children ( aged , 12-14 years ) wore a backpack loaded at 10 % , 20 % , and 30 % body weight ( BW ) . were carried under 2 conditions , low on back or high on back . sensors ( 0.1 mm thick ) measured pressures beneath the shoulder straps . walking with the backpack straps over both shoulders , contact pressures were significantly greater in the low-back condition than in the high-back condition ( P = 0.004 ) . addition , when children carried the backpack in the low-back condition , mean pressures ( + / - SE ) over the right shoulder were as follows : 98 + / - 31 , 153 + / - 48 , and 170 + / - 54 mm Hg at 10 % , 20 % , and 30 % BW , respectively , which were significantly higher ( P < 0.001 ) than those over the left shoulder ( 46 + / - 14 , 92 + / - 29 , and 90 + / - 29 mm Hg , respectively ) . pain with the backpack over 1 shoulder was significantly greater ( P = 0.002 ) than that for donning with both shoulders in the low-back condition . at 10 % , 20 % , and 30 % BW loads on the right or left shoulder , during low-back or high-back conditions , are higher than the pressure thresholds ( approximately 30 mm Hg ) to occlude skin blood flow . , asymmetric and high pressures exerted for extended periods of time may help explain the shoulder and back pain attributed to backpacks ."
719,Abstract #719,"determine the efficacy of three Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens and factors affecting the eradication results in Finland . total of 342 H. pylori-positive adult patients from primary health care referred for gastroscopy at 23 centres in different parts of Finland were randomized to receive either ( i ) lansoprazole 30 mg b.d. , amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and metronidazole 400 mg t.d.s. ( LAM ) , ( ii ) lansoprazole 30 mg b.d. , amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. ( LAC ) , or ( iii ) ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg b.d. , metronidazole 400 mg t.d.s. and tetracycline 500 mg q.d.s. ( RMT ) . ( 13 ) C-urea breath test was performed 4 weeks after therapy . eradication result could be assessed in 329 cases . cure rates of LAM , LAC , and RMT were 78 , 91 and 81 % . difference was significant between LAM and LAC ( P = 0.01 ) and between LAC and RMT ( P = 0.04 ) . eradication rates in cases with metronidazole-susceptible vs. - resistant isolates were for LAM 93 % vs. 53 % ( P = 0.00001 ) , for LAC 95 % vs. 84 % , and for RMT 91 % vs. 67 % ( P = 0.002 ) . antibiotic use , smoking , and coffee drinking reduced the efficacy of therapy . unselected patients in primary health care , LAC was the most effective first-line eradication ."
720,Abstract #720,"impact of how positive blood culture results are reported on the evolution bloodstream infections ( BSIs ) has not been assessed . randomly assigned patients with BSIs into 3 groups : group A ( for which physicians received a conventional report ) , group B ( for which physicians received a conventional report and a written alert on the chart with clinical advice ) , and group C ( for which physicians received the above plus oral clinical advice ) . adequacy of therapy before and after receipt of the different types of information was assessed . , 297 episodes ( 109 in group A , 99 in group B , and 89 in group C ) were studied . who received inadequate treatment before receiving microbiological information had a longer mean ( + / - SD ) hospital stay ( 27.2 + / -32.4 vs. 19.4 + / -15.8 days ; P = .017 ) , a higher mean risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea ( 8.3 % vs. 1.9 % ; P = .013 ) , a higher mean overall mortality rate ( 30.8 % vs. 19.4 % ; P = .025 ) , and a higher mean risk of infection-related mortality ( 23.3 % vs. 13.6 % ; P = .031 ) . receipt of microbiological reports , recommendations for changes in therapy were issued for patients in groups B ( 52.3 % ) and C ( 53.1 % ) . groups A , B , and C , the proportions of days on which adequate treatment was received were 66.3 % , 92.1 % , and 91.2 % ( P < .001 ) ; the mean numbers of defined daily doses of appropriate antibiotic therapy were 16.4 , 22.2 , and 20.7 ( P = .003 ) ; the mean durations of hospital stay were 19.8 , 23.6 , and 24.1 days ( P = .761 ) ; and the mortality rates during the late period were 12.9 % , 15.6 % , and 11 % ( P = .670 ) , respectively . mean costs of antimicrobials per episode in groups A , B , and C were 580.63 , 537.98 , and 434.53 ( US707 .85 dollars , US699 .73 dollars , and US529 .73 dollars , respectively ) . - or oral-alert reports with clinical advice should complement traditional microbiological reports for patients with BSIs ."
721,Abstract #721,"objective of this study was to determine the extent to which various factors affect the interpretation of metaanalytic results by physicians . sample of 120 physicians , selected from The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada ( RCPSC ) , was randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups ( n = 20 ) created from a combination of 3 summary measures and 2 levels of disease severity . intervention consisted of a written scenario and 4 individual displays of metaanalyses ( M-A ) , each followed by questions related to the interpretation of results of M-A . final questions examined statistical familiarity/proficiency with the summary measures used . of variance examined main effects and interactions among 4 factors : summary measure , disease severity , effect size , and statistical consistency of the studies comprising the metaanalysis . outcomes were examined : interpretation of the treatment effect and confidence in the interpretation of the treatment effect . were more likely to favor treatment when the results of the primary randomized , controlled trials ( RCTs ) were statistically homogeneous ( P = 0.001 ) and when the overall effect size was large ( P = 0.001 ) . , physicians were more likely to be confident when the results were homogeneous ( P = 0.001 ) and when effect size was large ( P = 0.000 ) . also revealed that the effect of statistical consistency of contributing to RCTs was greatest when data were presented as risk difference for treatment outcome ( P = 0.026 ) and when effect size was small ( P = 0.000 ) . interpretation of metaanalytic displays is influenced by the overall effect size of M-A , the statistical consistency of the contributing RCTs , and interactions of these factors with display factors ."
722,Abstract #722,"inflammation and symptoms are often underdiagnosed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) patients . far , it is not known to what extent anti-inflammatory nasal treatment may reduce sinonasal symptoms in COPD patients . study was designed to examine the effects of nasal anti-inflammatory treatment on sinonasal symptoms and cough in COPD patients . COPD patients on stable bronchial therapy ( salmeterol/fluticasone propionate 50/500 mg b.i.d. for > 6 weeks ) were randomized to receive fluticasone furoate ( FF ) or placebo nasal spray at 110 g once daily for 12 weeks . symptoms and cough were monitored at baseline , at 6 and12 weeks of treatment , and at 4 weeks after cessation of the treatment using a visual analog scale . of cytokines were measured in nasal secretions . contrast to the placebo group ( n = 13 ) , FF patients ( n = 14 ) reported less nasal blockage ( 10.62 4.21 mm versus 36.57 8.01 mm ; p = 0.0026 ) , postnasal drip ( 1.46 0.29 score versus 2.83 0.38 score ; p = 0.03 ) , and nasal discharge ( 0.23 0.12 score versus 1.77 0.43 score ; p = 0.01 ) after 6 weeks of treatment compared with baseline , which was still present at 12 weeks . patients reported less cough compared with baseline ( 25.54 4.46 mm versus 36.79 5.75 mm ; p = 0.04 ) , which was not the case in the placebo group ( 49.58 10.44 mm versus 42.00 8.05 mm ; p = 0.38 ) . of 14 patients in the FF group ( 64 % ) reported slight to total relief of nasal symptoms , and this subgroup had a significant decrease in IL-8 levels in nasal secretions after 6 weeks of treatment ( 850.7 207.2 pg/mL versus 1608 696.5 pg/mL ; p = 0.03 ) compared with baseline . FF treatment in COPD patients significantly reduced sinonasal symptoms , in parallel with reduced IL-8 in nasal secretion levels and cough ."
723,Abstract #723,"beta is commonly used to treat patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ; however , the treatment is only partially effective in reducing relapses and progression of disability . are used to treat relapses in patients with multiple sclerosis . therefore aimed to investigate the combination of cyclic methylprednisolone and interferon beta for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . 2001 , we designed a multicentre , double-blind , randomised , parallel-group trial , termed the methylprednisolone in combination with interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ( MECOMBIN ) study . were recruited between October , 2002 , and March , 2005 from 50 neurology departments in eight countries . included treatment-naive patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who had an expanded disability status scale ( EDSS ) score of 4 or less . all started to receive interferon beta-1a and after 3 months were randomly assigned to add-on methylprednisolone or placebo 500 mg/day orally for 3 consecutive days per month for 3-4 years . tablets were identical to methylprednisolone tablets . physicians , examining physicians , and patients were masked to treatment allocation . were clinically assessed every 3 months and had brain MRI at baseline and 3 years later . primary outcome was time to onset of disability progression , according to an increase in EDSS score sustained over 6 months . patients who received at least one dose of study drug were included in all planned analyses . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT00168766 . patients were randomly assigned to methylprednisolone ( n = 172 ) or placebo ( n = 169 ) ; 171 patients in the methylprednisolone group and 167 in the placebo group received at least one dose of study drug . patients had sustained disability progression : 44 of 167 in the methylprednisolone group and 46 of 171 in the placebo group . time to sustained progression did not differ between groups ( hazard ratio 0.879 , 95 % CI 0.566-1 .365 ; p = 0.57 ) . were 1436 adverse events , 24 of which were serious , in the methylprednisolone group and 1070 events , 35 of which were serious , in the placebo group . pulses of methylprednisolone in combination with interferon beta-1a do not seem to affect disability progression any more than interferon beta-1a treatment alone . research is required to assess whether this treatment regimen might benefit particular subsets of patients . Idec ."
724,Abstract #724,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen , 200 mg and 400 mg , compared with placebo and each other for the treatment of pain of migraine headache . headache is a common illness with significant social and economic impact . , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial of 6 hours ' treatment duration . investigators at 17 private practice and referral centers in the United States participated in this study of 660 outpatient adults aged 18 to 84 years with migraine headache of moderate to severe intensity . patient was randomly assigned to a single dose of study medication : ibuprofen 200 mg ( n = 216 ) or 400 mg ( n = 223 ) , or placebo ( n = 221 ) . percentage of patients with a reduction in baseline headache intensity from severe or moderate to mild or none 2 hours after treatment and the headache pain intensity difference from baseline at 2 hours were the primary efficacy measures . outcomes included other measures of pain relief , severity differences from baseline for migraine-associated symptoms of nausea , photophobia , phonophobia , and functional disability , and percentage of patients with migraine-associated symptoms reduced to none . ( P < or = .006 ) more patients treated with ibuprofen , 200 mg or 400 mg , reported mild to no pain after 2 hours ( 41.7 % and 40.8 % , respectively ) , compared with those treated with placebo ( 28.1 % ) . mean pain intensity difference from baseline measured at 2 hours was significantly ( P < or = .001 ) greater for patients treated with ibuprofen 200 mg or 400 mg ( 0.68 and 0.65 , respectively ) , compared with those treated with placebo ( 0.39 ) . significant differences in favor of both doses of ibuprofen over placebo were observed for mean pain intensity difference at 1 hour after treatment . patients with severe baseline pain intensity , ibuprofen , 400 mg , was significantly ( P < or = .048 ) superior to placebo for the primary efficacy end points , while ibuprofen , 200 mg , was not . , 200 mg and 400 mg , were statistically significantly more effective than placebo for all clinically important secondary pain relief outcomes . severity changes of migraine-associated symptoms of nausea , photophobia , phonophobia , and functional disability at 2 and 6 hours were significantly ( P < or = .03 ) in favor of both doses of ibuprofen over placebo , and results for the percentage of patients with symptoms reduced to none consistently , although less often statistically significant , favored ibuprofen . statistically significant differences in adverse events were found among treatment groups . at doses of 200 mg and 400 mg is an efficacious , cost-effective , well-tolerated , single-ingredient nonprescription treatment for pain of migraine headache . addition , while not always statistically significant , ibuprofen provided a beneficial effect on associated symptoms of migraine including nausea , photophobia , phonophobia , and functional disability ."
725,Abstract #725,"live attenuated DEN1 vaccine candidate virus rDEN1Delta30 has been evaluated in preclinical animal models and found to be attenuated and immunogenic . promising preclinical studies have identified rDEN1Delta30 as a candidate DEN1 vaccine virus for further testing in a human Phase I clinical trial . at a dose of 10 ( 3 ) pfu was administered as a single inoculation to twenty healthy adult volunteers . additional volunteers received placebo . were monitored closely for adverse events and serum was collected on study days 0 , 28 , 42 and 180 for determination of neutralizing antibody titer . vaccine was well tolerated by the vaccinees . most common adverse events observed were a transient asymptomatic rash in 40 % of vaccinees and a mild neutropenia in 45 % of vaccinees . vaccinee developed a dengue-like illness . vaccine was highly infectious and immunogenic with 95 % of vaccinees developing a > or = 4-fold rise in serum neutralizing antibody titer against DEN1 that persisted throughout the six month duration of the trial . rDEN1Delta30 vaccine is safe and induced a potent and durable antibody response against DEN1 . is a promising vaccine candidate for inclusion in a tetravalent dengue vaccine formulation ."
726,Abstract #726,"hospitals advise their smoking patients to contact a community-based stop smoking service . investigated how well smokers attend a community-based service after receiving help from a hospital smoking cessation specialist ( HSCS ) . this 55-week , single-blinded trial , 450 consecutive smokers , attending two U.K. hospitals , were randomized . A received a brief intervention consisting of a 20-min consultation from an HSCS and leaflets with contact information for their community-based service . B received a 60-min consultation , four weekly appointments with the HSCS , and leaflets with contact information for their community-based service . C received a 60-min consultation and four weekly appointments with the HSCS and then agreed to attend a scheduled appointment at the nearest community-based service within 1 week . was recommended to all participants , and they were advised to attend the community-based service for ongoing support immediately and at Weeks 5 , 12 , 26 , and 52 . 55 weeks , the HSCS contacted participants again , without warning , for validation . service attendance at 5 weeks was 7 % in Group A , 4 % in Group B , and 23 % in Group C ( p < .001 ) . 12-26 weeks , rates of community-based service attendance were 6 % -12 % in all groups . rates remained consistently higher in Group C ( p < .05 ) but fell throughout the period to only 3 % , 5 % , and 7 % , respectively , at 52 weeks ( p = .26 ) . attendance at 55 weeks and point prevalence , validated quit rates were 17 % for Group A , 20 % for Group B , and 22 % for Group C ( p = .75 ) . specific appointment improves immediate and medium-term attendance at the community-based service , but hospitalized smokers do not switch well to a community-based service following any referral strategy . , a significant proportion made a repeat visit to the hospital-based program much later on ."
727,Abstract #727,"compare the efficacy of propofol and midazolam as sedatives in non-premedicated patients receiving regional anesthesia . measured were quality of sedation , intraoperative changes in hemodynamics , respiration and plasma biochemistry as compared with baseline , preinduction and post-anesthetic recovery levels . patients were distributed randomly into two groups . P ( n = 20 ) received an infusion of 1 % propofol ( 10 mg/ml ) at an initial rate of 6 mg/kg/h for 10 minutes , later decreased to 3 mg/kg/h . M ( n = 20 ) received an infusion of 0.3 % midazolam with an initial bolus of 0.06 mg/kg along with simultaneous infusion at a rate of 0.05 mg/kg/h . sedation that was easily controlled during surgery was attained in both groups . mean doses used were 336.7 + / - 33.7 mg in group P and 10.1 + / - 1.1 mg in group M. No significant changes in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were observed . between baseline and preinduction levels were found in some analyses , but significant changes during surgery were recorded only for HCO3 - . were no differences in recovery time from the moment infusion ceased until spontaneous eye opening and recall of date of birth . degree of amnesia was greater in the midazolam group . lesser amnesia with propofol meant that psychological measures were higher ( p < 0.01 ) . differences in side effects were found . perfusion of propofol and midazolam for sedation in regional anesthesia are equivalent with respect to efficacy and safety ."
728,Abstract #728,"estrogens ( BZA/CE ) has demonstrated efficacy in improving vasomotor and vulvar/vaginal atrophy symptoms in postmenopausal women . study evaluated the endometrial safety of BZA/CE and effects on bone mineral density ( BMD ) compared with CE/medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) and placebo . Selective estrogens , Menopause , And Response to Therapy ( SMART ) -4 trial was a 1-year , multicenter , double-blind , randomized , placebo - and active-controlled , phase-3 study in non-hysterectomized , postmenopausal women ( n = 1061 ; aged 40 - < 65 years ) . received BZA 20 mg/CE 0.45 or 0.625 mg , CE 0.45 mg/MPA 1.5 mg , or placebo daily . endpoints were the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and the change in lumbar spine BMD at 1 year . endpoints included the change in total hip BMD and rates of amenorrhea and breast pain . 1 year , no cases of endometrial hyperplasia were identified in the BZA 20-mg/CE 0.45-mg group , while three cases ( 1.1 % ) were confirmed for the BZA 20-mg/CE 0.625-mg group ( 95 % one-sided confidence interval upper limit < 4 % ) . BZA/CE doses significantly increased lumbar spine and total hip BMD versus placebo ( p 0.001 ) and showed low incidences of bleeding and breast tenderness , similar to placebo and significantly lower than for CE 0.45 mg/MPA 1.5 mg ( p < 0.05 ) . treatment was generally safe and well tolerated . 20 mg/CE 0.45 and 0.625 mg significantly improved BMD while maintaining endometrial safety and showed a favorable safety/tolerability profile over 1 year . may be a promising therapy for treating menopausal symptoms and preventing osteoporosis in non-hysterectomized , postmenopausal women ."
729,Abstract #729,"receiving oral anticoagulation ( OAC ) who undergo drug-eluting stent ( DES ) implantation require additional dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel . triple therapy confers an elevated bleeding risk , and its optimal duration is not known . goal of this study was to evaluate whether shortening the duration of clopidogrel therapy from 6 months to 6 weeks after DES implantation was associated with a superior net clinical outcome in patients receiving concomitant aspirin and OAC . this randomized , open-label trial , we enrolled patients receiving OAC who underwent DES implantation at 3 European centers between September 2008 and December 2013 . total of 614 patients receiving concomitant aspirin and OAC were randomized to either 6-week clopidogrel therapy ( n = 307 ) or 6-month clopidogrel therapy ( n = 307 ) . primary endpoint was a composite of death , myocardial infarction ( MI ) , definite stent thrombosis , stroke , or Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) major bleeding at 9 months . primary endpoint occurred in 30 patients ( 9.8 % ) in the 6-week group compared with 27 patients ( 8.8 % ) in the 6-month group ( hazard ratio [ HR ] : 1.14 ; 95 % CI : 0.68 to 1.91 ; p = 0.63 ) . were no significant differences for the secondary combined ischemic endpoint of cardiac death , MI , definite stent thrombosis , and ischemic stroke ( 12 [ 4.0 % ] vs. 13 [ 4.3 % ] ; HR : 0.93 ; 95 % CI : 0.43 to 2.05 ; p = 0.87 ) or the secondary bleeding endpoint of TIMI major bleeding ( 16 [ 5.3 % ] vs. 12 [ 4.0 % ] ; HR : 1.35 ; 95 % CI : 0.64 to 2.84 ; p = 0.44 ) . weeks of triple therapy was not superior to 6 months with respect to net clinical outcomes . results suggest that physicians should weigh the trade-off between ischemic and bleeding risk when choosing the shorter or longer duration of triple therapy . Triple Therapy in Patients on Oral Anticoagulation After Drug Eluting Stent Implantation [ ISAR-TRIPLE ] ; NCT00776633 ) ."
730,Abstract #730,"nitrous oxide in 50 % oxygen has lately come into use as an alternative to combined opioid and benzodiazepine medication for colonoscopic procedures . randomized study was carried out comparing intramuscular pethidine hydrochloride 1 mg/kg with inhalation of Medimix ( a mixture of nitrous oxide in oxygen 50 % ) for relief of pain and anxiety during colonoscopy . patients ( 19 in the pethidine group and 19 in the nitrous oxide group ) were studied . following parameters were measured : blood pressure , pulse rate , and arterial oxygen saturation . the end of the colonoscopy and before the patients left the ward , pain , nausea , and general well-being were evaluated by the patients using a visual analogue scale . colonoscopy time , investigation conditions and the total length of hospital stay were registered . time and the colonoscopists ' opinions concerning the investigation conditions did not differ between the groups . relief and patient evaluation of the total procedure were also equal between the patient groups . , there was less nausea among the Medimix patients . patients in the pethidine group had oxygen saturations below 92 % . was no desaturation during and five minutes after colonoscopy in the Medimix group . in the Medimix group left the hospital on average 34 minutes earlier than patients in the pethidine group . conclude that the use of nitrous oxide ( Medimix ) as an analgesic is as good as pethidine for colonoscopy . has clear advantages compared to pethidine in terms of reducing nausea and shortening the hospital stay ."
731,Abstract #731,"determine the effect on plasma lipid profiles of replacement of dietary carbohydrate by low-fat , high-protein foods . randomized controlled trial . healthy , normolipidemic subjects ( 8 women and 2 men ) . were randomly allocated to either a low-protein ( 12 % ) or high-protein ( 22 % ) weight-maintaining diet for 4 weeks and then switched to the alternate diet for 4 more weeks . first 2 weeks of each diet served as an adjustment/washout period . was maintained at 35 % of energy , mean cholesterol intake at 230 mg per day and mean fibre intake at 24 g per day . was promoted by the use of written dietary protocols based on the food preferences of the subjects and weekly dietary consultation as required . plasma levels of total , very-low-density-lipoprotein ( VLDL ) , low-density-lipoprotein ( LDL ) , and high-density-lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol , and of total and very-low-density-lipoprotein ( VLDL ) triglycerides . levels were self-rated on a 10-point scale . of the high - versus the low-protein diet resulted in significant reductions in mean plasma levels of total cholesterol ( 3.8 v. 4.1 mmol/L , p < 0.05 ) , VLDL cholesterol ( 0.20 v. 0.26 mmol/L , p < 0.02 ) , LDL cholesterol ( 2.4 v. 2.6 mmol/L , p < 0.05 ) , total triglycerides ( 0.69 v. 0.95 mmol/L , p < 0.005 ) and VLDL triglycerides ( 0.35 v. 0.57 mmol/L , p < 0.001 ) , as well as in the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ( 3.1 v. 3.5 , p < 0.01 ) . trend towards an increase in HDL cholesterol ( 1.26 v. 1.21 mmol/L , p = 0.30 ) was observed but was not statistically significant . levels tended to be higher among those eating the high-protein diet ( 6.1 v. 5.4 , p = 0.073 ) . replacement of dietary carbohydrate with low-fat , high-protein foods in a diet containing a conventional level of fat significantly improved plasma lipoprotein cardiovascular risk profiles in healthy normolipidemic subjects ."
732,Abstract #732,"study the temporal association between growth hormone ( GH ) and slow wave sleep ( SWS ) in middle-aged women . premenopausal and 18 postmenopausal women were studied using all-night polygraphic sleep recordings and blood sampling at 20-min intervals . postmenopausal women were re-studied after six months on hormone therapy ( HT ) according to a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled protocol . total sleep time ( premenopausal 361.981.5 min , postmenopausal 35867.7 min ) and the percentages of the sleep stages did not differ between pre - and postmenopausal women . postmenopausal women the first GH peak after sleep onset occurred later and with a more variable time interval compared to premenopausal women . percentage of SWS was highest 40-20 min prior to the first GH peak after sleep onset in both groups with a higher SWS proportion in premenopausal women ( p = 0.048 ) , although the total SWS percent for night did not differ . did not affect the distribution of SWS in postmenopausal women . temporal relationship between GH and SWS in premenopausal women is less robust after menopause and is not improved with HT ."
733,Abstract #733,"aim of the study was to investigate how a diet high in dietary fiber , with several fiber sources included , modulates glucose and lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in humans . ( n = 25 ) aged 58.6 ( 1.1 ) years ( mean and SD ) with a BMI of 26.6 ( 0.5 ) kg/m ( 2 ) and a total cholesterol ( TC ) of 5.8 ( 0.1 ) mmol/L ( mean and SEM ) were given a high fiber ( HF ) and low fiber ( LF ) diet , in a randomized controlled 5-week crossover intervention , separated by a 3-week washout . HF diet consisted of oat bran , rye bran , and sugar beet fiber incorporated into test food products ; one bread roll , one ready meal , and two beverages consumed daily . food products , without added fibers , were provided in the LF diet . dietary fiber intake was 48.0 g and 30.2 g per day for the HF and LF diet , respectively . reduction in C-reactive protein ( CRP ) was observed between the diets ( P = 0.017 ) and a significant reduction in fibrinogen within the HF diet ( P = 0.044 ) . were no significant effects in other measured circulating cytokines or in glucose , insulin , and lipid levels . study suggests that a 5-week high dietary fiber intake of oat bran , rye bran , and sugar beet fiber might reduce the low-grade inflammatory response measured as CRP which could , together with reduced fibrinogen , help to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease ."
734,Abstract #734,"Bacille Calmette-Gurin ( BCG ) tuberculosis ( TB ) vaccine provides incomplete protection , necessitating development of an effective vaccine against TB disease . Mtb72F/AS02 candidate vaccine was previously shown to be clinically well tolerated and immunogenic in Purified Protein Derivative ( PPD ) - negative adults . improve the stability of Mtb72F , a point mutation was introduced into a putative serine protease site to give the final M72 construct . is an Adjuvant System that can potentially improve both humoral and cellular immune responses compared to the AS02 Adjuvant System or unadjuvanted vaccine . study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity in Mtb-nave adults of vaccines containing 40 g of the M72 antigen with AS02 or AS01 and compared the results with Mtb72F/AS02 vaccine ( 40 g dose ) , M72 in saline ( 40 g dose ) and AS01 alone . this Phase I/II observer-blind controlled trial , 110 participants were randomized ( 4:4:1:1:1 ) to receive M72/AS01 , M72/AS02 , Mtb72F/AS02 , M72/saline or AS01 , following a 0 , 1-month schedule . receiving the adjuvanted M72 vaccines were followed up until 3 years post vaccination . of the immune response and safety/reactogenicity was performed . all vaccines , solicited adverse events ( AEs ) were predominantly mild to moderate and transient . vaccine-related serious AEs occurred and no subject withdrew due to an AE . responses induced by Mtb72F and M72 antigens combined with AS02 were similar . and M72/AS02 induced robust polyfunctional M72-specific CD4 ( + ) T cell and antibody responses persisting at 3 years , with the highest CD4 ( + ) T cell responses found with M72/AS01 . first clinical study with M72/AS01 and M72/AS02 showed that both vaccines were clinically well tolerated and induced high magnitude and persistent cell-mediated and humoral immune responses . Mtb72F/AS02 and M72/AS02 vaccines were comparably immunogenic with significantly higher immune responses compared to the M72/saline control . the formulations tested , M72/AS01 demonstrated significantly higher vaccine specific Th1 CD4 ( + ) T cell responses supporting its further clinical evaluation ."
735,Abstract #735,"is a metal-protein attenuating compound ( MPAC ) that affects the Cu2 ( + ) - mediated and Zn2 ( + ) - mediated toxic oligomerisation of Abeta seen in Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . preclinical efficacy data and the completion of early , clinical safety studies have preceded this phase IIa study , the aim of which was to assess the effects of PBT2 on safety , efficacy , and biomarkers of AD . December 6 , 2006 , and September 21 , 2007 , community-dwelling patients over age 55 years were recruited to this 12-week , double-blind , randomised trial of PBT2 . were randomly allocated to receive 50 mg PBT2 , 250 mg PBT2 , or placebo . criteria were early AD ( mini-mental state examination [ MMSE ] score between 20 and 26 points or Alzheimer 's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale ( ADAS-cog ) score between 10 and 25 points ) , taking a stable dose of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ( donepezil , galantamine , or rivastigmine ) for at least 4 months , a modified Hachinski score of 4 points or less , and CT or MRI results that were consistent with AD . principal outcomes were safety and tolerability . outcomes were plasma and CSF biomarkers and cognition . was intention to treat . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00471211 . patients were randomly assigned ( 29 to placebo , 20 to PBT2 50 mg , and 29 to PBT2 250 mg ) and 74 ( 95 % ) completed the study . ( 54 % ) patients had at least one treatment emergent adverse event ( 10 [ 50 % ] on PBT2 50 mg , 18 [ 62 % ] on PBT2 250 mg , and 14 [ 48 % ] on placebo ) . serious adverse events were reported by patients on PBT2 . treated with PBT2 250 mg had a dose-dependent ( p = 0.023 ) and significant reduction in CSF Abeta ( 42 ) concentration compared with those treated with placebo ( difference in least squares mean change from baseline was -56.0 pg/mL , 95 % CI -101.5 to -11.0 ; p = 0.006 ) . had no effect on plasma biomarkers of AD or serum Zn ( 2 + ) and Cu ( 2 + ) concentrations . testing included ADAS-cog , MMSE , and a neuropsychological test battery ( NTB ) . these tests , two executive function component tests of the NTB showed significant improvement over placebo in the PBT2 250 mg group : category fluency test ( 2.8 words , 0.1 to 5.4 ; p = 0.041 ) and trail making part B ( -48.0 s , -83.0 to -13.0 ; p = 0.009 ) . safety profile is favourable for the ongoing development of PBT2 . effect on putative biomarkers for AD in CSF but not in plasma is suggestive of a central effect of the drug on Abeta metabolism . efficacy was restricted to two measures of executive function . trials that are larger and longer will establish if the effects of PBT2 on biomarkers and cognition that are reported here translate into clinical effectiveness ."
736,Abstract #736,"compare the effect of remifentanil and morphine after coronary artery surgery in a patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) protocol . prospective , randomized , double-blind clinical study . institution , university hospital . cardiac surgical patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery . the operation , patients were allocated to 1 of 2 groups . the first group ( group R , n = 30 ) , the following intravenous PCA protocol was programmed : remifentanil infusion , 0.05 microg/kg/min ; bolus , 0.25 microg/kg ; and lockout time , 5 minutes . the second group ( group M , n = 30 ) , the intravenous PCA protocol was as follows : morphine infusion , 0.3 mg/h ; bolus , 1 mg ; and lockout time , 5 minutes . addition to intravenous opioids , paracetamol was administered during the study . both groups , tramadol was added to the regimen after PCA had been terminated at 24 hours after surgery . addition to tramadol and paracetamol , 10 mg of morphine sulfate was administered if the numeric rating scale ( NRS ) score for pain was 3 or more after the first postoperative day . was assessed with an NRS in each patient at rest , while coughing , and during movement for 72 hours . levels were measured with the Ramsay sedation scale . effectiveness of pain relief was evaluated with a 4-stage scale ( `` very good , '' `` good , '' `` moderate , '' or `` bad '' ) . coughing , the NRS values were statistically significantly lower in group R than they were in group M at 12 and 24 hours after surgery ( median 1 vs 3 at 12 hours and 2 v 3.5 at 24 hours ) ( p < 0.05 ) . movement , NRS values were statistically significantly lower in group R than they were in group M at 12 hours after surgery ( median 1 v 2.5 ) ( p < 0.05 ) . the first 24 hours , the requirement for additional analgesia was similar in both groups . overall effectiveness of pain relief was rated `` very good '' or `` good '' ' in 87 % of patients in group R and in 72 % of patients in group M ( p > .05 ) . was no difference in patient satisfaction between the 2 groups . the basis of the reduction of pain scores ( with cough and movement ) at 1 or 2 postoperative time points , PCA-remifentanil infusion is a better analgesic technique ; overall , both PCA techniques provided for effective pain scores ( < 3 ) . patients in whom PCA morphine is contraindicated after CABG surgery , PCA remifentanil is a safe alternative ."
737,Abstract #737,"allergic rhinitis ( SAR ) is a highly prevalent disease . study was conducted to evaluate the onset and duration of action of three concentrations of olopatadine nasal spray . was a randomized , double-blind , single-dose , placebo-controlled study , conducted in an environmental exposure chamber in patients with SAR . total of 320 patients were exposed to ragweed allergen in the chamber and randomized to olopatadine nasal spray 0.2 % , 0.4 % , 0.6 % , or placebo nasal spray . ( sneezing , runny , itchy , and stuffy nose ) were self-assessed during a 12-hour study period . concentrations of olopatadine nasal spray provided clinically meaningful reductions in total nasal symptom scores at 30 minutes compared to the placebo . nasal spray 0.6 % was significantly more effective ( P < 0.05 ) than placebo nasal spray at all time-points starting at 90 minutes post-dose and continuing over 12 hours . nasal spray 0.6 % demonstrated a fast onset of action and maintained an effect for at least 12 hours after dosing ."
738,Abstract #738,"of plant sterols ( PS ) for cholesterol lowering are compromised by large variability in efficacy across individuals . fractional cholesterol synthesis measured by deuterium incorporation has been associated with nonresponse to PS consumption ; however , prospective studies that show this association have yet to be conducted . goal was to test whether the lathosterol-to-cholesterol ratio ( L : C ratio ) , a surrogate marker of endogenous cholesterol synthesis , serves as an a priori predictor of cholesterol lowering in response to PS consumption . mildly hypercholesterolemic adults who were preselected as possessing either high endogenous cholesterol synthesis [ HS ; n = 24 ; L : C = 2.03 0.39 mol/mmol ( mean SD ) ] or low endogenous cholesterol synthesis ( LS ; n = 39 ; L : C = 0.99 0.28 mol/mmol ) on the basis of baseline L : C consumed 2 g PS/d or a placebo for 28 d with the use of a dual-center , single-blind , randomized crossover design . lipid and noncholesterol sterol concentrations were measured at the end of each phase . consumption lowered total cholesterol ( TC ; -0.25 0.05 mmol/L ; P < 0.0001 ) and LDL cholesterol ( -0.17 0.04 mmol/L ; P < 0.0001 ) overall . , LS individuals responded to PS treatment with a reduction in TC ( -0.40 0.07 mmol/L ; P < 0.0001 ) and LDL cholesterol ( -0.29 0.05 mmol/L ; P = 0.0002 ) , whereas HS individuals failed to show cholesterol lowering ( TC : -0.09 0.09 mmol/L ; P = 0.2843 ; LDL cholesterol : -0.05 0.07 mmol/L ; P = 0.4917 ) . odds of LS participants responding to PS consumption with cholesterol lowering better than the mean cholesterol lowering in all participants were 4.25 ( 95 % CI : 1.242 , 14.556 ; P = 0.0211 ) for TC and 3.36 ( 95 % CI : 1.112 , 10.161 ; P = 0.0317 ) for LDL cholesterol , which was higher than for HS participants . L : C ratio predicts the extent of reduction in circulating TC and LDL cholesterol in response to PS consumption . synthesis assessment may thus have a use in identifying responders and nonresponders to PS therapy ."
739,Abstract #739,"compare the effects of two different doses of a monthly depot injection of a GnRH agonist ( GnRH-a ) on uterine cavity area in patients with uterine leiomyomata . , randomized study . department of obstetrics and gynecology . premenopausal women , 25 to 52 years of age , with uterine leiomyomata . acetate ( LA ) depot , 1.88 or 3.75 mg , was administered SC every 4 weeks for 24 weeks . cavity area before and after treatment was assessed by hysterosalpingography . 1.88 - and 3.75-mg LA depots significantly reduced uterine cavity area by 40.8 % and 40.2 % , respectively . significant difference was observed between the two groups . injection of 1.88 or 3.75 mg LA depots appears to reduce uterine cavity area to a similar extent in patients with uterine leiomyomata ."
740,Abstract #740,"red blood cell ( RBC ) transfusion may be associated with a poor prognosis in cancer surgery . leucocytes are assumed to play a causal role . study evaluated the long-term effect of transfusion with leucocyte-depleted ( LD ) blood in patients with gastrointestinal cancer . Transfusion Associated Complications = Transfusion Induced Complications ? TACTIC ) study is a multicentre randomized controlled trial evaluating the short-term benefits of LD versus non-LD RBC transfusions . present study evaluated 5-year survival and cancer recurrence among 512 patients with gastrointestinal cancer included in the TACTIC study . 89.2 per cent of patients had a primary tumour and 79.7 per cent underwent surgery with curative intent ; 243 patients received perioperative RBC transfusion ( median 3 units ) . 5-year overall survival rate of patients with any type of gastrointestinal cancer was 50.8 per cent in the LD group and 45.8 per cent in the non-LD group ( P = 0.191 ) . 5-year disease-free survival rates were 60.0 and 56.6 per cent ( P = 0.482 ) , and recurrence rates 32.9 and 34.3 per cent ( P = 0.864 ) . depletion is not associated with better long-term survival and lower recurrence rates in patients with gastrointestinal cancer ."
741,Abstract #741,"compare the efficacy and safety of nimesulide and paracetamol as antipyretic agents . blind , randomized clinical trial . patients having fever due to a variety of infections were given either drug in a randomized manner . Nimesulide group = 49 , Paracetamol group = 50 ) . axillary temperature was recorded after drug administration and side effects monitored . mean temperature after one hour of drug administration was significantly lower in nimesulide group ( p < 0.05 ) . fewer doses of nimesulide were required to bring down the temperature on the first day ( p < 0.001 ) . mean maximum temperature recorded on second and third day was significantly lower in the nimesulide group ( p < 0.05 ) . reactions were seen in the form of epigastric pain and vomiting in one patient in Nimesulide group and three in paracetamol group . is more effective than paracetamol as an antipyretic agent and is safe for use in infants and children ."
742,Abstract #742,"examine the effect of community-based health education and health promotion on body mass index ( BMI ) , overweight and obesity . separately selected 100,000 population in Beijing , Shanghai and Changsha Cities during 1991-2000 . of the cities was then randomly separated intervention and control community of 500,000 population . the intervention community various kinds of health education and health promotion had been carried out . level of knowledge , attitude and behavior ( KAB ) and body mass index ( BMI ) were evaluated . net increases of KAB level and regularly exercising rate in three city and different target population were statistically differences in comparison with baseline survey of 1992 , and the net decreases of the BMI , overweight rate and obesity rate of the whole population were statistically differences . education and health promotion can effectively control the rising of population BMI , and have great meaningful for population preventing from cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases ."
743,Abstract #743,"objective of this study was to provide further information about the influence of xylitol on glucose and fatty acid metabolism after trauma and during sepsis . study I 18 metabolically normal patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting operation were randomly assigned into three groups . I ( C I , n = 6 ) received 2 mg/kgBW/min of glucose , group II ( C II , n = 6 ) 2 mg/kgBW/min of a glucose/xylitol mixture ( 1:1 ) and group III ( C III , n = 6 ) 1 ml/kgBW/min of an isotonic saline solution . were applied over a 24-h-period following operation . of glucose , lactate , insulin and single free fatty acids were measured before and after surgery and at 6-h-intervals over 36 hours postoperatively . study II 5 septic patients were intravenously given 4 mg/kgBW/min glucose over a 6-h-period . supply was then changed to a glucose/xylitol ( 1:1 ) regimen in an equicaloric dosage of 4 mg/kgBW/min for six hours again . glucose production ( [ 6,6-d2 ] - glucose ) , palmitate oxidation ( [ 1-13C ] - palmitate ) and lactate concentrations were analyzed at the end of each infusion regime with the help of stable isotope technique and an enzymatic test , respectively . study I glucose and insulin concentrations in C II and III were significantly lower than in C I during the postoperative infusion period . lactate concentrations were measured in C I after 6 hours of infusion . fatty acids in C I remained at significantly lower levels compared to C II and III until glucose infusion was stopped . septic patients ( study II ) xylitol led to significant lower hepatic glucose production rates and lactate concentrations than glucose , whereas palmitate oxidation increased . the acute phase after trauma and during sepsis a carbohydrate supplementation with xylitol was superior to glucose alone because high plasma glucose concentrations were avoided , highly energy consuming hepatic glucose production was reduced and the release and oxidative utilization of free fatty acids was enhanced ."
744,Abstract #744,"determine the bioavailability of gentamicin to the lung following inhalation from two jet nebulizers . urine samples were obtained from 10 volunteers after a 80 mg dose given orally , nebulized from a Pari LC + ( PARI ) and MicroNeb III ( MN ) devices , or after a 40 mg intravenous dose . vitro aerodynamic characteristics of the nebulized doses were also determined . mean ( SD ) absolute gentamicin lung bioavailalibility following delivery by PARI and MN devices was 1.4 ( 0.4 ) and 1.7 ( 0.5 ) % . mass median aerodynamic diameter ( MMAD ) of the drug particles from the PARI and MN systems was 8.6 ( 0.6 ) and 6.7 ( 0.5 ) microm and the corresponding fine particle doses ( FPD ) were 10.2 ( 2.8 ) and 11.7 ( 1.5 ) mg . MMAD and FPD data reflect the poor lung deposition of gentamicin identified by urinary excretion ."
745,Abstract #745,"purpose of the present study was to determine whether oral ketamine premedication affected the incidence of emergence agitation in children . minutes before induction of anaesthesia , 80 children who were undergoing adenotonsillectomy with or without bilateral myringotomy and insertion of tubes received either ketamine 6 mg.kg ( -1 ) per oral in group K or sour cherry juice alone in group C. Anaesthesia was maintained with desflurane . and recovery times were recorded . was used for postoperative analgesia . ( 1 microg.kg ( -1 ) ) was administered for the treatment of emergence agitation or severe pain that still continued after tramadol administration . behaviour was evaluated using a 5-point agitation scale . incidence of emergence agitation was 56 % in group C , and 18 % in group K ( P = 0.001 ) . was no significant difference with respect to emergence times except from time to eye opening that was significantly longer in group K ( P < 0.0001 ) . ketamine premedication reduced the incidence of postanaesthesia emergence agitation in children without delaying recovery ."
746,Abstract #746,"persistent controversy as to the best approach to radioiodine dose selection in the treatment of hyperthyroidism led us to perform a study in order to compare a fixed dose regime comprising doses of 185 370 or 555 MBq based on gland size assessment by palpation only , with a calculated 131I dose based on type of thyroid gland ( diffuse , multinodular , solitary adenoma ) , an accurate thyroid volume measurement , and a 24-hour 131I uptake determination . randomized study . hundred and twenty-one consecutive hyperthyroid patients referred for 131I treatment . Patients who died for reasons unrelated to hyperthyroidism , 7 lost to follow-up and 47 who did not receive antithyroid drugs after treatment , were excluded . remaining 163 patients ( 143 women ) were studied , divided into subgroups according to the type of gland . all received antithyroid drugs prior to 131I treatment and this was resumed 7 days after treatment for a period of 3 weeks . function variables were determined approximately 2 weeks before 131I treatment , and again 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months after treatment . to 131I therapy the size of the thyroid gland was determined by ultrasound and a 24-hour uptake of 131I was carried out . volume was also estimated 12 months after 131I therapy in 78 of the 163 patients . months after the initial 131I dose patients could be classified as euthyroid , hyperthyroid or hypothyroid . in the group of 163 patients nor within the three subgroups of hyperthyroidism could any significant difference in outcome between the two treatment regimes be demonstrated . of 78 patients ( 41 % ) in the calculated dose group and 30 of 85 patients ( 35 % , NS ) in the fixed group were classified as hyperthyroid . of 78 ( 9 % ) in the calculated dose group and 6 out of 85 ( 7 % , NS ) in the fixed dose group were classified as permanently hypothyroid . , 39 of 78 ( 50 % ) in the calculated dose group and 49 of 85 ( 58 % , NS ) in the fixed group were euthyroid at 12 months after 131I treatment . year after 131I therapy thyroid volume was reduced from 59.3 + / - 9.2 ( mean + / - SEM ) to 36.2 + / - 6.6 ml ( average reduction 39 % ) in the calculated dose group ( P < 0.001 ) . reduction did not differ significantly from the fixed dose group where thyroid volume declined from 61.6 + / - 6.1 to 41.17 + / - 4.7 ml ( average reduction 32 % ) ( P < 0.001 ) . semiquantitative approach is probably as good as the more elaborately calculated radioiodine dose for treatment of hyperthyroidism . is clearly more cost effective and allows the use of predetermined standard doses ."
747,Abstract #747,"gain is a common side effect of clozapine treatment and may expose patients to obesity-associated health risks . proposed that concomitant treatment with an appetite suppressant such as phenylpropanolamine ( PPA ) would lead to a decrease in appetite and therefore loss of weight . was a 12-week , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial of PPA , 75 mg/day , in outpatients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia ( DSM-IV ) who were stable on clozapine treatment for at least 4 months and had gained > 10 % of their baseline body weight since starting clozapine . were evaluated for adverse effects and weighed weekly . Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) assessment , a short dietary quiz , and blood indices were completed monthly . patients were equally randomly assigned to receive PPA or placebo . groups did not differ in mean age , baseline weight , dose of clozapine , baseline PANSS scores , or the percent of weight gained since the start of clozapine . was no significant effect of treatment on weight ( t = 0.219 , df = 10 , p = .831 ) . was no significant change in either the total PANSS scores ( t = -0.755 , df = 10 , p = .468 ) , the positive or negative symptom cluster scores , or any of the remaining variables . 75 mg/day was well tolerated but was not effective in reversing established weight gain associated with clozapine treatment in stable outpatients with schizophrenia ."
748,Abstract #748,"conduct a randomized trial of radiation therapy for painful heel spur , comparing a standard dose with a very low dose . patients were randomized to receive radiation therapy either with a total dose of 6.0 Gy applied in 6 fractions of 1.0 Gy twice weekly ( standard dose ) or with a total dose of 0.6 Gy applied in 6 fractions of 0.1 Gy twice weekly ( low dose ) . all patients lateral opposing 4 - to 6-MV photon beams were used . results were measured using a visual analogue scale , the Calcaneodynia score , and the SF12 health survey . fundamental phase of the study ended after 3 months , and the follow-up was continued up to 1 year . with insufficient pain relief after 3 months were offered reirradiation with the standard dosage at any time afterward . 66 patients , 4 were excluded because of withdrawal of consent or screening failures . 3 months the results in the standard arm were highly significantly superior compared with those in the low-dose arm ( visual analogue scale , P = .001 ; Calcaneodynia score , P = .027 ; SF12 , P = .045 ) . accrual of patients was stopped at this point . evaluation after 12 months ' follow-up showed the following results : ( 1 ) highly significant fewer patients were reirradiated in the standard arm compared with the low-dose arm ( P < .001 ) ; ( 2 ) the results of patients in the low-dose arm who were reirradiated were identical to those in the standard arm not reirradiated ( reirradiation as a salvage therapy if the lower dose was ineffective ) ; ( 3 ) patients experiencing a favorable result after 3 months showed this even after 12 months , and some results even improved further between 3 and 12 months . study confirms the superior analgesic effect of radiation therapy with 6-Gy doses on painful heel spur even for a longer time period of at least 1 year ."
749,Abstract #749,"infrequently provide smoking cessation counseling for patients , in part because they lack training to do so . investigated the efficacy of 2 methods of teaching smoking cessation counseling to surgical residents . ' knowledge and attitude toward smoking cessation counseling were assessed by written test . skills were assessed with standardized patients . were randomized for smoking cessation education : a `` Role-play '' group received a 1-hour lecture plus an hour of role-playing . evidence-based medicine ( EBM ) group attended a 1 - hour EBM journal club on related articles . in residents ' knowledge , attitude , and skills were assessed after education . residents completed the study . either form of education , residents demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge , attitude , and skills in smoking cessation counseling . was no significant difference in improvement between the EBM and Role-play groups . brief educational intervention can significantly improve residents ' knowledge , attitude , and counseling skills for smoking cessation ."
750,Abstract #750,"compare the clinical performance of a silorane-based with a methacrylate-based restorative system in class 2 restorations after an 18-month follow-up . randomized , double-blind and controlled study included 33 subjects receiving 100 direct resin composite restorations that were completely randomized to silorane-based group ( Filtek P90/Silorane System Adhesive - 3M ESPE ) or methacrylate-based group ( Filtek P60/Adper SE Plus - 3M ESPE ) . restorative system was determined by chance using a coin toss until 50 units for each group were completed . subject contributed with one to seven restorations . single operator performed all of the restorative procedures . calibrated examiners ( kw > or = 0.7 ) assessed the restorations at baseline and after 18 months according to modified United States Public Health System ( USPHS ) criteria . data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U-test , Wilcoxon signed rank and Kaplan-Meier survival curves ( alpha = 0.05 ) . 18 months , 88 restorations were evaluated , and five unacceptable restorations were observed . contact loss was the main reason for failure ( three ) followed by composite fracture ( two ) . marginal integrity of the silorane-based group was significantly worse than that of the methacrylate-based group ( P = 0.035 ) . baseline to 18-month evaluations , the silorane-based group showed significant differences for marginal discoloration , marginal integrity and surface texture ( P < 0.05 ) ; and the methacrylate-based group differed significantly for marginal discoloration and surface texture ( P < 0.05 ) . survival rate for both groups together was 95 % . statistically significant difference was found between methacrylate-based ( 98 % ) and silorane-based ( 92 % ) overall survival rate ( Log rank test ; P = 0.185 ) ."
751,Abstract #751,"intravenous catheter ( PIV ) insertion is a common , painful experience for many children in the pediatric emergency department . local anesthetics such as injected buffered lidocaine have been shown to be effective at reducing pain and anxiety associated with PIV insertion , they are not routinely used . , a topical local anesthetic , has the advantage of needle-free administration but has not been compared with buffered lidocaine for PIV insertion . compare the reduction of pain and anxiety during PIV insertion provided by subcutaneous buffered 1 % lidocaine or topical ELA-Max in children . randomized trial in children 4 to 17 years old undergoing PIV insertion with 22-gauge catheters was conducted . received either buffered lidocaine or ELA-Max . lidocaine was administered by using 30-gauge needles to inject 0.1 to 0.2 mL subcutaneously just before PIV insertion . was applied to the skin and occluded with Tegaderm 30 minutes before PIV insertion . Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) questionnaires ( rating on a scale of 1-10 ; 1 = no pain , anxiety ) were completed by patients and their parents before PIV insertion to assess baseline perceptions about pain and anxiety associated with PIV insertion and immediately after PIV insertion to assess pain and anxiety associated with the experience . PIV insertion , the nurse who inserted the PIV also completed a VAS questionnaire assessing technical difficulty and satisfaction with the local anesthesia . blinded observer also completed a VAS questionnaire to assess pain and anxiety associated with the PIV insertion . were analyzed by using chi2 and t tests . subjects were enrolled , and questionnaires were competed by all ( mean age : 12.1 + / - 4.5 years ; 61 % female ) . were no differences for buffered lidocaine and ELA-Max groups in age , gender , race , prior IV experience , or baseline pain and anxiety . were no significant differences between buffered lidocaine and ELA-Max in mean pain and anxiety after PIV insertion by patient , parent , and blinded observer ratings . ratings of technical difficulty , number of PIV-insertion attempts , and satisfaction with local anesthesia also were not significantly different for buffered lidocaine and ELA-Max groups . provided similar pain and anxiety reduction during PIV insertion in children compared with injected buffered lidocaine . difficulty and satisfaction by nurses inserting the PIV also were similar ."
752,Abstract #752,"VHA is the largest integrated US health system and is increasingly moving care into the communities where veterans reside . who utilize the VA for their care have worse health status than the general population . , there is limited evidence about the association of neighborhood environment and health outcomes among veterans . primary aim of this study is to assess the relative contribution of neighborhood environment , health system , and individual characteristics to health status and mortality of veterans . on personal socio-economic indicators , existing medical conditions and health status were obtained from baseline data from a multi-site , randomized trial of primary care patients ( n = 15,889 ) . physical component scale ( PCS ) and mental component scale ( MCS ) summarized health status . tracts were used as proxies for neighborhoods . summary score based on census tract data characterized the neighborhood socio-economic environment and walkability . were analyzed with multilevel hierarchical models . of health status were cross-sectional . analyses were longitudinal as participants were followed for an average of 722.5 days to ascertain vital status . SES was associated with PCS and MCS scores , controlling for individual socio-economic status , self-reported co-morbid disease , smoking status , and health care access . the lowest versus highest quartiles of neighborhood SES , adjusted PCS scores were 34.4 vs. 35.4 ( p < 0.05 ) and adjusted MCS scores were 46.2 versus 47.0 ( p < 0.05 ) . score was also significantly associated with neighborhood walkability ( p < 0.05 ) . was lower for veterans living in neighborhoods with the highest decile neighborhood SES ( HR 0.78 , highest vs. lowest decile 95 % CI 0.63 , 0.97 ) . living in lower SES neighborhoods have poorer health status and a higher risk of mortality , independent of individual characteristics and health care access . walkability was associated with higher PCS scores ."
753,Abstract #753,"aim of this study was to compare two protocols to examine bacterial colonization in teeth associated with chronic apical periodontitis with acute episodes ( ap ) , using light microscopy ( LM ) , transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) . root samples ( seven teeth ) were processed using either Eastman Dental Institute ( EDI ) ( n = 4 teeth/4 roots ) or Zurich ( n = 3 teeth/5 roots ) protocols . roots were sectioned longitudinally ; one root portion was viewed with SEM , descriptively dividing its length into apical , middle and coronal ; semi-thin and ultra-thin transverse sections were viewed under LM and TEM from each third of the other root portion . root was therefore examined using all microscopy techniques . of bacterial presence , description and distribution within the root canal lumen and root dentine were systematically recorded using pre-determined criteria . Zurich technique gave a more predictable division of the root , but the surface was slightly smeared and demineralization was incomplete . Eastman Dental Institute ( EDI ) approach appeared to provide better ultrastructural detail . were detected in eight of the nine roots . biofilms were commonly seen adhering to the root canal surface , containing various cellular morphotypes : rods , cocci , filaments and spirochaetes . were more evident apically than coronally , associated with the canal wall but were more commonly evident coronally than apically within the dentinal tubules . ( PMNs ) were found in all the root thirds , especially apically , often numerous and walling off the bacterial biofilm from the remaining canal lumen . protocols had merits and de-merits . combination of microscopy techniques offered complementary views of intra-radicular bacterial colonization . perception of confinement of the host/microbial interface at the apical foramen is not entirely correct ; PMNs may be found even in the coronal third of root canals containing necrotic pulp tissue ."
754,Abstract #754,"totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty ( TEP ) is an accepted technique for the repair of recurrent and bilateral inguinal hernia , but its role in the management of unilateral primary inguinal hernia remains controversial . current randomized trial was undertaken to compare the postoperative and 1-year outcomes of day-case TEP and open Lichtenstein hernioplasty for unilateral primary inguinal hernia in males . January 2002 to January 2004 , a total of 200 male patients were randomized to undergo either day-case unilateral TEP or open Lichtenstein hernioplasty under general anesthesia . primary outcome measures included postoperative pain score , time until return to work , incidence of chronic groin pain , and recurrence rate 1 year after the operation . TEP procedures were successfully performed without conversion . mean operation time for TEP ( 50 + / - 13.2 min ) was significantly shorter than for open Lichtenstein hernioplasty ( 58 + / - 17.6 min ) ( p < 0.001 ) . pain score at rest was significantly lower in the TEP group than in the open group on postoperative days 0 , 1 , 4 , 5 , and 6 . the average , the patients returned to work 8.6 days after TEP and 14 days after Lichtenstein hernioplasty ( p = 0.006 ) . recovery and morbidity rates were otherwise comparable between the two groups . incidence of chronic groin pain 1 year after TEP ( 9.9 % ) was significantly lower than after open surgery ( 21.7 % ) ( p = 0.032 ) . of the patients in either group showed recurrence at the last follow-up assessment . TEP was superior to open Lichtenstein hernioplasty for the repair of unilateral primary inguinal hernia in males . benefits of day-case TEP included less postoperative pain , a faster return to work , and a lower incidence of chronic groin pain ."
755,Abstract #755,"evaluate prospectively duration and effectiveness of aperistalsis achieved by glucagon ( GLU ) or hyoscine N-butylbromide ( HBB ) following various administration routes . volunteers underwent Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) after standardized oral preparation in random order five separate MR examinations with both spasmolytic agents ( HBB intravenous ( i.v. ) or intramuscular ( i.m. ) , GLU i.v. or i.m. , and a combined scheme ) . MR protocol included a sagittal 2D cross-section of the small bowel with a temporal resolution of 0.55 s acquired over 60 to 90 min . quantify bowel motility , small bowel cross-sectional areas were summated over time . anti-peristaltic i.v. effects of HBB and glucagon started on average after 85 s/65 s and ended after 21 min/23 .3 min , respectively . comparison , the anti-peristaltic effects of i.m. HBB and glucagon started significantly later 5.1 / 11.6 min ( P = 0.001 ; Wilcoxon signed ranks test ) and lasted for 17.7 / 28.2 min with greater inter-individual differences ( P = 0.012 ; Brown-Forsythe test ) . combined scheme resulted in a rapid onset after 65 s with effect duration of 31 min . effects on the small bowel are drug dependant , i.e. , their onset is faster and more reliable when administering i.v. than i.m. . i.v. GLU with i.m. HBB provides an early onset of effect , sustained spasmolysis and the highest degree of motility impairment . agents are widely used before various diagnostic procedures of the abdomen . combination of iv-glucagon with im-hyoscine provides reliable spasmolysis with early onset . spasmolysis is more reliable compared to intramuscular administration . glucagon has a prolonged spasmolytic effect compared to intravenous hyoscine ."
756,Abstract #756,"Capsule is a single herbal formula from mycelia of precious Xylaria nigripes ( Kl . ) and its pharmacological function have a tranquilizing effect on the central nervous system . aim of the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Wuling capsule in treatment of insomnia . performed a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . participants received either placebo ( n = 92 ) or Wuling capsule ( n = 94 ) for 4 weeks and a follow-up period for 2 weeks . between pre-treatment and post-treatment , the global Pittsburgh sleep quality index ( PSQI ) scores in both Wuling capsule group and placebo group improved significantly ( P < 0.01 ) . , there was no significant difference between Wuling capsule group and placebo group ( P > 0.05 ) . of clinical global impressions scale ( CGI-I ) at each week in Wuling capsule group was similar to those in placebo group ( P > 0.05 ) . between pre-treatment and post-treatment , scores of the four components of world health organization on quality of life brief scale ( WHOQOL-BREF ) in both Wuling capsule group and placebo group improved significantly ( P < 0.01 ) . , there were no difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . rate of adverse events was 10.10 % in Wuling group , and 6.73 % in placebo group ( P > 0.05 ) . capsule can improve insomnia when compared with pre-treatment for 4 weeks and be a well tolerated by all the patients at the 6 weeks of study period . , there are no significant in the results of the variables tested when compared with placebo control . additional rigorous randomized clinical trials are still required ."
757,Abstract #757,"of drug-eluting stents ( DES ) limits the rate of coronary restenosis in most patients with coronary artery disease , but data are scarce with regard to their use in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and in connection with distal protection of the microvascular perfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention . randomly assigned 626 patients referred within 12 hours from symptom onset of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction to have a DES or a bare metal stent implanted in the infarct-related lesion with or without distal protection during primary percutaneous coronary intervention . coronary angiography was performed during the index treatment and 8 months later . primary end point was loss of the lumen diameter in the infarct-related lesion induced by neointimal proliferation . were comparable with regard to baseline demographic and angiographic characteristics . mean late lumen loss was significantly lower in patients treated with a DES ( 0.06 mm ; SD , 0.66 mm ) than in patients who had a bare metal stent implanted ( 0.47 mm ; SD , 0.69 mm ; P < 0.001 ) . rate of the composite end point of cardiac death , recurrent myocardial infarction , and target lesion revascularization was 8.6 % in the DES group versus 14.4 % in the bare metal stent group ( P = 0.03 ) . death occurred in 4.2 % and 1.6 % of the patients ( P = 0.09 ) and stent thrombosis occurred in 2.0 % and 2.6 % ( P = 0.72 ) , respectively . of DES improves the angiographic outcome and need for repeat revascularization without increasing the short-term risk of stent thrombosis but has a tendency to increase cardiac death in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ."
758,Abstract #758,"intraoperative parathormone assay ( qPTHa ) during paratyroidectomy has become a standard procedure for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT ) . paper aims to compare endoscopic bilateral neck exploration ( BE ) versus focused parathyroidectomy plus qPTHa during minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy ( QM ) . endpoints of the study are the mean operative time and outcome of the surgical procedure ( PTH and calcemia normalization at one and six months postoperatively ) . patients with PHPT , positive to preoperative localization studies ( ultrasonography evaluation and ( 99 ) Tc-MIBI scan ) for a single parathyroid adenoma , were randomly allotted into two groups . the first group ( QM ) , 20 patients ( 17 women , three men , mean age 57.6 years ) underwent focused endoscopic parathyroidectomy ( MIVAP tecnicque ) plus qPTHa . the second group ( BE ) 20 patients ( 17 women , three men , mean age 59.6 years ) underwent endoscopic parathyroidectomy plus bilateral exploration in order to check the integrity of the remaining glands . were no significant differences between groups at baseline . conversion to cervicotomy was required . postoperative complications were reported . mean operative time was 32.0 vs 33.1 min [ BE and QM group respectively , p = not significant ( ns ) ] . second macroscopically enlarged gland was removed in four patients in the BE group . one out of four glands was reported to be hyperplastic in the final histology . patients were discharged on the first postoperative day . levels were normalized in all patient of both groups , despite persistently high level of serum PTH in one patient in the QM group . can be performed endoscopically , avoiding both the time necessary for qPTHa and its cost , with the same effectiveness , but might in few cases lead to the unjustified removal of parathyroid glands slightly enlarged but not necessarily pathologic ."
759,Abstract #759,"assess if titrating anesthesia with entropy would result in faster awakening in children undergoing day care surgery . , an EEG-based anesthesia depth monitor , has been used in children ; however , only one other study has evaluated the effectiveness of entropy monitoring in decreasing awakening time and for titrating anesthetic agents in children undergoing short procedures under anesthesia . a randomized prospective single-blind parallel group trial , 50 ASA grade I-II children , aged 2-12 years , scheduled for lower abdominal or urological surgeries were studied after ethics committee approval and parental consent . children were randomized to the entropy or control group . laryngeal mask airway insertion and caudal analgesia , anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide , oxygen , isoflurane . the control group , anesthesia was titrated according to the hemodynamic parameters and the simultaneously monitored entropy values obscured from the anesthesiologist . the entropy group , the entropy values ( between 45 and 65 ) were used to titrate the anesthesia . to awakening from anesthesia was 7 ( 3-18 ) min in the entropy group when compared to 10 ( 5-21 ) min in the control group . P < 0.05 ) The difference in the mean time to awakening was 2.72 min 95 % CI ( 0.34 , 5.1 ) . end tidal isoflurane concentrations were lower in the entropy group when compared to the control group 15 s following airway insertion ( 0.78 0.14 vs 1.24 0.19 ) , 15 s post caudal and skin incision ( 0.68 0.40 vs 0.84 0.05 , 0.68 0.03 vs 0.77 0.32 , respectively ) as well as 5 min after skin incision 0.67 0.04 vs 0.79 0.02 ) , ( P 0.05 ) . pediatric day care surgery , entropy monitoring resulted in statistically though not clinically significant faster awakening and significantly lower end tidal isoflurane concentrations ."
760,Abstract #760,"assess the clinical effect and safety of the Chinese medicine Longbishu Capsule combined with mesylate doxazosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) of the kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type . was a randomized , double-blind , double-simulation control study . equally assigned 60 men diagnosed with BPH of the kidney deficiency and blood stagnation type to an experimental and a control group , the former treated with mesylate doxazosin plus Longbishu Capsule and the latter with mesylate doxazosin plus placebo . compared the International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) , quality of life ( QOL ) , Chinese symptom score ( CSS ) , maximal urinary flow rate ( Qmax ) , and prostate volume between the two groups of patients before and after 6 months of medication . treatment , there were 5 cured cases , 13 markedly effective cases , 9 effective cases , 1 ineffective case , and 2 eliminated cases in the experimental group , as compared with 2 cured cases , 8 markedly effective cases , 10 effective cases , 7 ineffective cases , and 3 eliminated cases in the control group . total effectiveness rate was obviously higher in the former ( 96.4 % ) than in the latter ( 74.1 % ) . , Qmax , and CSS were improved in both of the groups after medication , even more significantly in the experimental than in the control group ( IPSS : 15.22 2.98 vs 18.15 5.88 , P < 0.05 ; Qmax : [ 13.56 2.26 ] ml/s vs [ 11.78 2.97 ] ml/s , P < 0.05 ; CSS : 6.18 2.13 vs 9.52 3.15 , P < 0.05 ) . of the difference in the QOL score between the two groups at the baseline ( P = 0.038 < 0.05 ) , no more comparison was made in this aspect after treatment . combination of Longbishu Capsule with mesylate doxazosin is safe and effective for the treatment of BPH ."
761,Abstract #761,"investigated whether narrow-band imaging ( NBI ) was superior to white light imaging ( WLI ) for detecting primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer ( NMIBC ) in a randomized imaging sequence modality , as the increased detection rate by NBI maybe result from the `` second look '' inspection of the bladder . February 2009 and May 2010 , NBI and WLI flexible cystoscopy were prospectively performed on 78 patients with primary suspected NMIBC . to randomization protocol , the bladder was mapped using WLI then NBI or vice versa within the same observation time . lesions together with controlled normal-appearing mucosa were biopsied and examined by a pathologist blinded to the imaging sequence . tumors detected on patient and tumor level , sensitivity , specificity , and accuracy were compared in both imaging . of 78 ( 88.5 % ) patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer including 211 tumors totally . these , 36 ( 17.1 % ) tumors in 13 patients were detected by NBI only , while 4 ( 1.9 % ) tumors in 3 patients found by WLI only . identified significantly more additional tumors than WLI ( P < 0.01 ) . sensitivity of WLI versus NBI for detecting primary bladder tumors was 77.7 versus 92.9 % ( P < 0.0001 ) , the specificity 82.7 versus 73.5 % ( P > 0.05 ) , and the accuracy 79.3 versus 86.7 % ( P < 0.05 ) . sensitivity of WLI versus NBI for detecting carcinoma in situ ( CIS ) was 68.3 versus 87.8 % ( P < 0.05 ) , the specificity 82.9 versus 77.1 % ( P > 0.05 ) , and the accuracy 75 versus 82.9 % ( P > 0.05 ) . `` second look '' did not compromise the superiority of NBI over standard WLI flexible cystoscopy for detecting primary NMIBC including CIS lesions ."
762,Abstract #762,"investigate the clinical effect of the comprehensive treatment to acute stage of attack . the basis of the previous observation , the study of the randomization control with general treatment , treatment on acupuncture and western medical treatment were carried out . comprehensive treatment on overall traditional Chinese medical differentiation according to the superiority of every treatment was assessed and evaluated in 522 patients with attack . comprehensive treatment of cerebral infarction was superior to the western medicine treatment . treatment , treatment on traditional Chinese medical differentiation , acupuncture group revealed different improvement on neural function , daily viability , cognitive function in various extent . comprehensive treatment that based on overall traditional Chinese medical differentiation has advantage and characteristic . has positive combined action to the attack and relevant to clinical setting , easier to popularization and application . appraising amount form has different evaluating effects in different stage ."
763,Abstract #763,"study compared 2-year health-related quality-of-life ( HRQL ) outcomes of sirolimus ( SRL ) - treated kidney transplant patients after elimination of cyclosporine A ( CsA ) to patients continuing on a combined CsA and SRL regimen . randomized , open-label , clinical trial was performed in Europe , Australia , and Canada . hundred thirty kidney transplant patients were randomly assigned to sirolimus plus steroids ( ST ) ( n = 215 ) or SRL and CsA + ST ( n = 215 ) therapy after 3 months of combined SRL+C sA + ST treatment . was measured using the Kidney Transplant Questionnaire ( KTQ ) and the SF-36 Health Survey at month 3 ( time of randomization ) and months 12 and 24 after transplantation . analysis of covariance was used to evaluate treatment differences in HRQL scores over the 2-year period . scores were available for 361 ( 86 % ) eligible study patients . significant treatment-by-assessment time interactions , favoring SRL+ST , were found on KTQ Fatigue ( P = 0.0158 ) and Appearance scores ( P = 0.0007 ) . treatment differences were observed in KTQ Physical Symptom , Uncertainty-Fear , and Emotion scores . significant treatment-by-assessment time interactions were observed for SF-36 Vitality scores ( P = 0.0203 ) but not other SF-36 scores ( P > 0.05 ) . Vitality scores , the SRL+ST group remained stable ( mean , 0.4-point change ) from month 3 to month 24 compared with decreases in the SRL+C sA + ST group ( mean , -6.5 - point change ) . therapy with early elimination of CsA results in fewer appearance-related problems , less fatigue , and better vitality compared with continuous treatment with SRL , CsA , and ST."
764,Abstract #764,"provide estimates of survival and progression to different HIV disease endpoints after HIV infection among adults in a rural Ugandan setting . prospective population-based cohort study . individuals at least 15 years of age with documented HIV seroconversion were recruited from a general population cohort in rural Uganda , along with a randomly selected proportion of HIV-prevalent and HIV-negative individuals . participants were followed up every 3 months , and CD4 cell counts taken every 6 months in HIV-positive participants . tables and Kaplan-Meier functions were used to estimate survival patterns for all endpoints [ death , time to World Health Organization ( WHO ) stage 2 , 3 , AIDS and CD4 cell count < 200 cells/mul ] . of follow-up time was truncated when antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) became available in the area in January 2004 . recruited 240 HIV incident cases , 108 prevalent cases and 257 HIV-negative controls . mortality rates were 70.0 per 1000 person-years in HIV-positive , and 12.1 per 1000 person-years in HIV-negative individuals . median time from seroconversion to death was 9.0 years ( N = 240 ) and 6.2 years to a CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/mul or WHO stage 4 ( N = 229 ) . median time from ART eligibility ( CD4 cell count < 200 cells/mul , < 350 cells/mul and WHO stage 3 , or WHO stage 4 ) to death was 34.7 months . age at seroconversion was a risk factor for faster progression to death and ART eligibility . progression in this African cohort is similar to that reported in industrialized countries before the widespread introduction of ART ."
765,Abstract #765,"studies have shown that opioids protect the myocardium from ischemic injury and that opioid cardioprotection is enhanced by the coadministration of volatile anesthetics . data suggest that morphine produces a more potent cardioprotective effect than fentanyl . present study investigated the effect of the choice of intraoperative opioid ( morphine or fentanyl ) on recovery of myocardial function after coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery . , randomized study . hospital . patients undergoing CABG surgery . were randomly assigned to receive either morphine ( 40 mg ) or fentanyl ( 1,000 mug ) before cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) . cardiac function was assessed intraoperatively using the myocardial performance index ( MPI ) , which combines echocardiographic parameters of both systolic and diastolic function . MPI ( median [ range ] ) was increased after CPB in the fentanyl group , indicating a significant worsening of global left ventricular function ( 0.43 [ 0.28-0 .54 ] baseline ; 0.49 [ 0.32-0 .64 ] 15 minutes post-CPB ; 0.51 [ 0.36-0 .63 ] end of operation ; p < 0.05 post-CPB compared with baseline ) . MPI improved in the morphine group after CPB ( 0.44 [ 0.32-0 .64 ] baseline ; 0.36 [ 0.24-0 .45 ] 15 minutes post-CPB ; 0.34 [ 0.20-0 .46 ] end of operation ; p < 0.05 post-CPB compared with baseline and the fentanyl group ) . patients undergoing CPB , global ventricular function is enhanced by the administration of morphine prior to the ischemic insult of cardioplegic arrest ."
766,Abstract #766,"compare the detection rates of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions by human papillomavirus ( HPV ) DNA testing and by conventional cytology screening . randomised trial . cohorts were followed over one screening round of five years , screened initially by primary HPV DNA testing or by primary Pap test . based programme for cervical cancer screening in Finland . aged 25-65 years invited for screening in 2003-07 ( 101,678 in HPV arm ; 101,747 in conventional cytology arm ) . were randomly allocated ( 1:1 ) to primary HPV DNA screening followed by cytology triage if they had positive results , or to primary cytology screening . method was disclosed at the screening visit . personnel involved were aware of all test results . detection rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) , adenocarcinoma in situ ( AIS ) , and invasive cervical cancer before the second screening ( after five years ) or before 31 December 2008 . detected at screening and during the five year interval were included . and 701 precancerous or cancerous lesions were detected during an average follow-up of 3.6 years in the HPV and cytology arms , respectively . invited women , the hazard ratio was 1.53 ( 95 % confidence interval l. 28 to 1.84 ) for CIN grade 1 , 1.54 ( 1.33 to 1.78 ) for CIN 2 , 1.32 ( 1.09 to 1.59 ) for CIN 3 or AIS , and 0.81 ( 0.48 to 1.37 ) for cervical cancer . 25-34 year old participants , the cumulative hazard ( or cumulative detection rate ) was 0.0057 ( 0.0045 to 0.0072 ) for HPV screening versus 0.0046 ( 0.0035 to 0.0059 ) for conventional screening ; corresponding data for women aged 35 years and older were 0.0022 ( 0.0019 to 0.0026 ) and 0.0017 ( 0.0014 to 0.0021 ) , respectively . HPV DNA screening detects more cervical lesions than primary cytology within one screening round of five years . if the detection rate of CIN 3 or AIS increased in the HPV arm in both age groups , the absolute difference in cumulative rates in women aged 35 years or older was small . carefully selecting age groups and screening intervals , HPV screening could increase the overall detection rate of cervical precancerous lesions only slightly . , these findings should be interpreted in the context of the high level of opportunistic screening that occurs in Finland . Standard Randomised Controlled Trial ISRCTN23885553 ."
767,Abstract #767,"aim of this in-vitro study was to compare dentinal adaptation of conventional obturating material and GuttaFlow in young permanent teeth of child patients . young permanent anterior teeth with closed foramen were selected for the study . canal preparations were carried out using a step back technique . canal was alternately irrigated with 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite solution and 17 % EDTA and normal saline . root canal preparation specimens were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 5 ) . `` A '' : Obturated with zinc-oxide eugenol sealer and gutta-percha cone using cold lateral obturation technique . `` B '' : Obturated with GuttaFlow as per the manufacturer 's instruction . teeth were split into two halves . randomly chosen longitudinal split teeth samples each from Group `` A '' and Group `` B '' was observed under scanning electron microscope to access the interface between obturating material and dentin at the level of 2 mm from the apex . statistical analysis the dentinal adaptation ( m ) of Group A was observed with a mean of 0.52 and standard deviation 0.15 , while the value of mean and standard deviation were noted 0.12 and 0.02 for Group B. `` t '' value on comparison of Group A and Group B is 5.79 with `` P '' value of < 0.001 , which is highly significant . result of the study it can be concluded Group B samples showed significantly superior seal when compared with Group A. Complete seal was not observed in any of Group A samples ."
768,Abstract #768,"need exists for a therapy that lowers parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) without increasing calcium x phosphorus in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism . calcimimetic AMG 073 increases the sensitivity of the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor to extracellular calcium , thereby reducing PTH secretion . , AMG 073 may provide a novel therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism . hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were enrolled into this 18-week , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , dose titration study . oral AMG 073 doses were administered to determine the effect on PTH , serum calcium , phosphorus , and calcium x phosphorus . mean baseline PTH was similar in patients administered AMG 073 or placebo ( 632 + / - 280.1 pg/mL vs. 637 + / - 455.9 pg/mL , respectively ) . decreased by 26.0 % in the AMG 073-treated group , compared with an increase of 22.0 % in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . greater proportion in the AMG 073 group ( 38 % ) had a decrease in PTH > or = 30 % , compared with the placebo group ( 8 % ) ( P = 0.001 ) . in PTH were independent of baseline vitamin D usage . receiving AMG 073 had an 11.9 % decrease in calcium x phosphorus compared with a 10.9 % increase in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . of vitamin D sterols , as well as both calcium and noncalcium-containing phosphate binders . similar between treatment groups . of AMG 073 was safe and well tolerated in this 18-week study . calcimimetic AMG 073 decreases both PTH and calcium x phosphorus levels in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism ."
769,Abstract #769,"data suggests that several proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs ) , including omeprazole , might interfere with the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel . , there is a lack of data for rabeprazole . study aimed to investigate and compare the impact of omeprazole and rabeprazole on the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel among patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . prospective , randomized , open-labeled study was conducted among 87 CAD patients receiving clopidogrel and aspirin . three and 44 patients were randomized to receive omeprazole 20 mg and rabeprazole 20 mg once daily , respectively , for at least 2 weeks . 5-diphosphate 20mol/L-induced platelet aggregation was performed before and after PPIs treatment . maximal platelet aggregation ( MPA ) before and after PPIs treatment of both groups were compared . baseline , there were no significant differences in the mean MPA between the omeprazole and rabeprazole groups ( 40.68 18.82 % vs 36.42 21.39 % ; P = 0.326 ) . a 2-week treatment with PPIs , the mean MPA in both groups significantly increased from baseline and there were no differences between the omeprazole and rabeprazole groups ( 55.73 19.66 % vs 48.46 18.80 % ; P = 0.141 ) . omeprazole and rabeprazole decreased the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel . of these agents resulted in a similar degree of interference on clopidogrel 's action , as measured by ADP-induced platelet aggregation ."
770,Abstract #770,"S ' / S ' ( S/S , S/Lg and Lg/Lg ) variant of the serotonin ( 5-HT ) transporter gene linked polymorphic region ( 5-HTTLPR ) is associated with less efficient neurotransmission and may be more reactive to 5-HT manipulations . tested the effects of l-tryptophan supplements on the cortisol response induced by a social stressor in S ' / S ' and L' / L' ( La/La ) carriers . a double-blind parallel design , 25 S ' / S ' carriers and 21 L' / L' carriers were randomised to take l-tryptophan ( 2.8 g/d ) or placebo supplements for six days . day 7 participants were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test . cortisol and subjective mood states were monitored before , during and after the stress procedure . ' / S ' carriers who took l-tryptophan supplements had a significantly lower cortisol response to stress than S ' / S ' carriers who took placebo . had no effect on cortisol in L' / L' carriers and no effect on subjective mood states in either genotype group . attenuates the cortisol response to acute social stress depending on 5-HTTLPR genotype . ' / S ' carriers may indeed be more reactive to 5-HT manipulations ."
771,Abstract #771,"randomized clinical trial with 1-year and 3-year telephone questionnaire follow-ups . report a specific exercise intervention 's long-term effects on recurrence rates in acute , first-episode low back pain patients . pain and disability associated with an initial episode of acute low back pain ( LBP ) is known to resolve spontaneously in the short-term in the majority of cases . , the recurrence rate is high , and recurrent disabling episodes remain one of the most costly problems in LBP . deficit in the multifidus muscle has been identified in acute LBP patients , and does not resolve spontaneously on resolution of painful symptoms and resumption of normal activity . relation between this deficit and recurrence rate was investigated in the long-term . patients with acute , first-episode LBP were medically managed and randomly allocated to either a control group or specific exercise group . management included advice and use of medications . consisted of exercises aimed at rehabilitating the multifidus in cocontraction with the transversus abdominis muscle . year and three years after treatment , telephone questionnaires were conducted with patients . results revealed that patients from the specific exercise group experienced fewer recurrences of LBP than patients from the control group . year after treatment , specific exercise group recurrence was 30 % , and control group recurrence was 84 % ( P < 0.001 ) . to three years after treatment , specific exercise group recurrence was 35 % , and control group recurrence was 75 % ( P < 0.01 ) . results suggest that specific exercise therapy in addition to medical management and resumption of normal activity may be more effective in reducing low back pain recurrences than medical management and normal activity alone ."
772,Abstract #772,"aim of this in vitro study was to assess the substantive antimicrobial activity of different medicaments in human root dentin . of 98 roots were enlarged to standard size and medicated for 7 days with the following : ( 1 ) 2 % chlorhexidine ( CHX ) gel , ( 2 ) 0.2 % CHX gel , ( 3 ) 2 % CHX solution , ( 4 ) Ca ( OH ) ( 2 ) , ( 5 ) Ca ( OH ) ( 2 ) + 0.2 % CHX gel , ( 6 ) 2 % CHX solution + a 25 % CHX-containing controlled-release device , ( 7 ) saline , and ( 8 ) gel vehicle . medication , canals were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days . samples were collected with Gates-Glidden burs into brain heart infusion broth , and bacterial growth was assessed with spectrophotometric analysis of optical density after 72 hours of incubation . optical densities were significantly lower for groups with 2 % CHX ( 1 , 3 , and 6 ) when compared with those of the controls ( P < .05 , analysis of variance with the Tukey test ) . groups did not differ significantly from the controls . dressing for 1 week with 2 % CHX may provide residual antimicrobial activity against E faecalis ."
773,Abstract #773,"Urticaria Patient Daily Diary ( UPDD ) , originally developed on paper , is a measure of key symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria ( CIU ) . development of the electronic version ( eUPDD ) involved moderate modifications to the appearance of the paper version . study assessed the measurement equivalence of the electronic and paper versions of the UPDD in a sample of patients with CIU . was a cross-over study of patients with moderate-severe CIU refractory to H1 antihistamines . were randomized to either the eUPDD followed by the paper UPDD or vice versa . UPDD includes morning and evening questions ; both sets were administered together in this study . hour-long filler task was given between paper and electronic administrations . with stable symptoms between the two assessments were included in the analyses . 's kappa coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients ( ICC ) were computed as applicable to assess equivalence . total of 91 patients participated ( mean age 43 years , 79.1 % female ) . were stable between assessments for 67-74 ( 74-81 % ) patients ( varied by symptom ) . coefficients ranged from 0.82 to 1.00 for the individual UPDD items . the Urticaria Activity Score ( the sum of the ` itch severity ' and ` number of hives ' item scores ) the ICC was 0.90 for the morning ( Wilcoxon p = 0.331 ) and 0.95 for the evening ( Wilcoxon p = 0.836 ) . test-retest statistics in this study were well above the accepted threshold , indicating excellent agreement between the two administration methods . support the measurement equivalence of the electronic and paper versions of the UPDD to measure CIU symptoms ."
774,Abstract #774,"evaluate the safety of several doses of a new thrombolytic , TNK tissue-plasminogen activator ( tPA ) , given as a single bolus to patients with acute myocardial infarction . total of 3235 patients were given TNK-tPA : 1705 received 30 mg , 1457 received 40 mg , and 73 received 50 mg . 50-mg dose was discontinued and replaced by 40 mg because of increased bleeding observed in the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) -10 B study , the phase II angiographic efficacy trial conducted in parallel with this study . total stroke rate at 30 days in the trial was 1.5 % . intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 25 patients ( 0.77 % ) : 16 in the 30-mg group ( 0.94 % ) and 9 in the 40-mg group ( 0.62 % ) . strokes occurred in the 73 patients treated with 50 mg TNK-tPA . patients treated within 6 hours after symptom onset the rates of intracranial hemorrhage were 0.56 % ( 30 mg TNK-tPA ) and 0.58 ( 40 mg TNK-tPA ) . , death or nonfatal stroke , or severe bleeding complications occurred in a low proportion of patients : 6.4 % , 7.4 % , and 2.8 % , respectively , without significant differences among the treatment groups . overall safety profile of a single bolus of 30 to 50 mg TNK-tPA is comparable to that of accelerated r-tPA observed in other large trials . safety data from this trial and the patency data of TIMI-10B were the basis for a decision to conduct a large phase III mortality trial comparing weight-adjusted single-bolus TNK-tPA with accelerated r-tPA ( ASSENT-2 ) ."
775,Abstract #775,"June 2006 , the first vaccine to prevent human papillomavirus ( HPV ) transmission was approved for use in females in the United States . the vaccine was approved for females as young as 9 , its success depends on parents ' and individuals ' willingness to accept vaccination . is known about how attitudes toward this vaccine will be influenced by the way the vaccine is portrayed in the media or in public debate . assess the effects of information framing on intentions to vaccinate self or female children , if appropriate , 635 adults read one of three short descriptive paragraphs about the vaccine , each of which emphasized a different aspect of the vaccine . were then asked about their intentions to vaccinate under cost or no-cost conditions . who read that the vaccine protects only against cervical cancer had significantly higher intentions to vaccinate themselves when the vaccine was available at little or no cost compared with women who read alternate versions of the descriptive paragraph , F ( 2,325 ) = 5.74 , p = 0.004 . the HPV vaccine is framed may affect vaccination intentions under certain conditions . may be more receptive to the vaccine if it is framed as a cervical cancer prevention tool rather than a sexually transmitted infection ( STI ) prevention tool ."
776,Abstract #776,"evaluate the use of the mobile lithotripter in the treatment of tennis elbow and plantar fasciitis . prospective single blind randomised trial was performed on 24 patients with tennis elbow and 23 patients with plantar fasciitis , with a mean duration of symptoms of 11 months . patients had failed one or more method of treatment -- conservative , topical non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAID ) , steroid injection and/or surgery . patients were divided into treatment and placebo groups . placebo group received treatment with a clasp on the elbow/heel to stop penetration of shock waves . baseline pain score was obtained using the Million Visual Analogue scale ( 0-10 ) . affected area was infiltrated with 3-5mls of 1 % lignocaine . treatment consisted of 2000 shock waves at 2.5 bars of air pressure with a frequency of 8-10Hz . total of three treatments were given at an interval of two weeks , each lasting for three to four minutes . the treatment groups , a final pain score at six months post treatment showed significant improvement ( three or more points ) in 78 % of patients with tennis elbow and 93 % of patients with plantar fasciitis . the placebo groups , significant improvement was seen in one patient ( 9 % ) with tennis elbow . other patients in the placebo groups did not show significant improvement . was statistically significant ( chi square test ) for both conditions . mobile lithotripter is an effective way of treating tennis elbow and plantar fasciitis but warrants further larger studies ."
777,Abstract #777,"aim of this randomized , controlled pilot study was to examine the impact of a pharmacist operated adherence clinic on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) and viral suppression in patients with HIV over 28 weeks . eligible patients initiating HAART at an indigent-care clinic were randomized to an adherence clinic or to standard care ( information provided by physician or nurse practitioner ) for education and monitoring . assignment was stratified before randomization according to regimen complexity and potential tolerability . ( electronic monitoring and patient self-report ) and viral load ( reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction ) were assessed at weeks 4 , 16 , and 28 . randomized patients ( adherence clinic , n = 16 ; standard care , n = 17 ) comprised the intent-to-treat population . groups were well-matched for demographics and antiretroviral regimen . median age was 38.0 years in both groups . patients were male ( 85 % ) , had previously used HAART ( 78 % ) , and had an AIDS diagnosis ( 79 % ) . ( SD ) adherence at weeks 4 , 16 , and 28 was 86 % ( 27 % ) , 77 % ( 28 % ) , and 74 % ( 31 % ) in the adherence clinic group versus 73 % ( 32 % ) , 56 % ( 39 % ) , and 51 % ( 41 % ) in the standard care group ( week-16 difference , 21 % [ 90 % CI , 1 % -42 % ] ; week-28 difference , 23 % [ 90 % CI , 1 % -44 % ] ) . percent of patients in the adherence clinic group took their medication on schedule versus 42 % in the standard care group ( P = 0.025 ) ; mean decline in adherence from weeks 4 to 28 was 12 % in the adherence clinic group ( P = 0.15 ) versus 22 % in the standard care group ( P = 0.002 ) . RNA levels were < 400 copies/mL at weeks 4 , 16 , and 28 in 63 % , 100 % , and 94 % of the adherence clinic group and 29 % ( P = NS ) , 71 % ( P = 0.04 ) , and 65 % ( P = NS ) of the standard care group . this preliminary trial , an adherence clinic model improved adherence to HAART and virologic response over 28 weeks in the patients studied ."
778,Abstract #778,"( Strepsils ) has been successfully used in the prophylaxis and treatment of oral inflammations , but its effects on postintubation sore throat and hoarseness are unknown . conducted this study to evaluate the effects of Strepsils in reducing postintubation sore throat and hoarseness . hundred fifty patients , ASA physical status I to II , scheduled to undergo general anesthesia and elective orthopedic or gynecologic surgery were enrolled . were randomly allocated to receive either Strepsils or identical-looking placebo tablets immediately before arrival to the operating room . incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were evaluated immediately and 24 hours after surgery . incidence of early postoperative sore throat was 13.7 % and 33.3 % and hoarseness was 12.3 % and 26.4 % in the Strepsils and placebo groups , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . day after surgery , the incidence of sore throat decreased to 6.8 % and 18.1 % in the Strepsils and control groups , respectively . incidence of hoarseness 1 day after the operation decreased to 8.2 % in the Strepsils group and 19.4 % in the placebo group , but the difference remained statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) . use of Strepsils tablets reduces postoperative sore throat and hoarseness of voice ."
779,Abstract #779,"objective of this study was to compare the cost of achieving a unit of clinical success for treatment of reflux oesophagitis with either ranitidine or omeprazole . randomisation 430 patients with reflux oesophagitis ( grade 2 or 3 ) were assigned to receive omeprazole 20 mg or ranitidine 150 b.i.d. for 8 weeks . were given diary cards to assess their symptoms every day , and record every two weeks a life satisfaction index . were seen after 4 and 8 weeks for symptoms assessment and repeat endoscopy at 8 weeks . perspective of the analysis was that of the payer . costs of medical care were based in French drug costs currently advertised , payment for physician and actual mean payment for upper GI endoscopy . healing rates at 8 weeks in the omeprazole group and the ranitidine group were 93 and 67.5 % respectively . 8 weeks of treatment , life satisfaction was good in 81 and 53.6 % and the relief of pain was 86,6 and 69,5 % respectively . each effectiveness criteria , omeprazole was more cost effective than ranitidine : cost per healed patient ( 2,338 F vs 2,744 F ) , cost per asymptomatic patient ( 2,510 F vs 2,964 F ) , cost per patient with a good or very good life satisfaction index ( 2,687 F vs 3,456 F ) . advantage remained independent of the oesophagitis initial severity . sensitivity analysis showed that the results were unsensitive to the variations of the efficacy variables in their confidence interval . cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis , the strategy with the more effective treatment is more cost-effective ."
780,Abstract #780,"cervical dilation reportedly accompanies lumbar sympathetic blockade , whereas epidural analgesia is associated with slow labor . authors compared the effects of initial lumbar sympathetic block with those of epidural analgesia on labor speed and delivery mode in this pilot study . a hospital not practicing active labor management , full-term nulliparous patients whose labors were induced randomly received initial lumbar sympathetic block or epidural analgesia . latter patients received 10 ml bupivacaine , 0.125 % ; 50 microg fentanyl ; and 100 microg epinephrine epidurally and sham lumbar sympathetic blocks . to have lumbar sympathetic blocks received 10 ml bupivacaine , 0.5 % ; 25 microg fentanyl ; and 50 microg epinephrine bilaterally and epidural catheters . , all patients received epidural analgesia . dilation occurred more quickly ( 57 vs. 120 min/cm cervical dilation ; P = 0.05 ) during the first 2 h of analgesia in patients having lumbar sympathetic blocks ( n = 17 ) than in patients having epidurals ( n = 19 ) . second stage of labor was briefer in patients having lumbar sympathetic blocks than in those having epidurals ( 105 vs. 270 min ; P < 0.05 ) . patients having lumbar sympathetic block and seven having epidurals delivered spontaneously , whereas seven patients having lumbar sympathetic block and seven having epidurals had instrument-assisted vaginal deliveries . delivery for fetal bradycardia occurred in one patient having lumbar sympathetic block . delivery for dystocia occurred in five patients having epidurals compared with no patient having lumbar sympathetic block ( P = not significant ) . analog pain scores differed only at 60 min after block . parturients having induced labor and receiving initial lumbar sympathetic blocks had faster cervical dilation during the first 2 h of analgesia , shorter second-stage labors , and a trend toward a lower dystocia cesarean delivery rate than did patients having epidural analgesia . effects of lumbar sympathetic block on labor need to be determined in other patient groups . results may help define the tocodynamic effects of regional labor analgesia ."
781,Abstract #781,"is effective in treating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2 ) - positive breast cancer , but it increases frequency of cardiac dysfunction ( CD ) when used with or after anthracyclines . Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project trial B-31 compared doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ( AC ) followed by paclitaxel with AC followed by paclitaxel plus 52 weeks of trastuzumab beginning concurrently with paclitaxel in patients with node-positive , HER2-positive breast cancer . of trastuzumab required normal post-AC left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) on multiple-gated acquisition scan . symptoms suggestive of congestive heart failure ( CHF ) developed , source documents were blindly reviewed by an independent panel of cardiologists to determine whether criteria were met for a cardiac event ( CE ) , which was defined as New York Heart Association class III or IV CHF or possible/probable cardiac death . of CEs were compared between arms . patients with normal post-AC LVEF who began post-AC treatment , five of 814 control patients subsequently had confirmed CEs ( four CHFs and one cardiac death ) compared with 31 of 850 trastuzumab-treated patients ( 31 CHFs and no cardiac deaths ) . difference in cumulative incidence at 3 years was 3.3 % ( 4.1 % for trastuzumab-treated patients minus 0.8 % for control patients ; 95 % CI , 1.7 % to 4.9 % ) . of the 31 patients in the trastuzumab arm have been followed for > or = 6 months after diagnosis of a CE ; 26 were asymptomatic at last assessment , and 18 remained on cardiac medication . were more frequent in older patients and patients with marginal post-AC LVEF . percent of patients discontinued trastuzumab because of asymptomatic decreases in LVEF ; 4 % discontinued trastuzumab because of symptomatic cardiotoxicity . trastuzumab with paclitaxel after AC increases incidence of CHF and lesser CD . cardiotoxicity should be carefully considered when discussing benefits and risks of this therapy ."
782,Abstract #782,"study aimed to examine : 1 ) Swaymeter concurrent validity in discriminating between young and older adult populations ; 2 ) Swaymeter convergent validity against a forceplate system ; and 3 ) the immediate test-retest repeatability of postural sway measures obtained from the Swaymeter . older adults aged 71 to 83 years and 11 young adults aged 22 to 47 years had postural sway measured simultaneously with the Swaymeter and a forceplate for three repeat 30 second trials , under four conditions ( floor eyes open , floor eyes closed , foam eyes open , foam eyes closed ) . differences in sway parameters across the four conditions were evident using the Swaymeter . correlations were found between Swaymeter and forceplate sway measures across conditions ( r = 0.560-0 .865 ) . agreement between the Swaymeter and forceplate were found for anteroposterior and mediolateral sway displacement measures ( average offset = 6 mm ) . path length measures were longer for the forceplate compared to the Swaymeter ( average offset = 376 mm ) , but these data showed good agreement following log-transformation . Swaymeter was reliable across trials , with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.654 to 0.944 . Swaymeter is a reliable tool for assessing postural sway and discriminates between performance of young and older people across multiple sensory conditions ."
783,Abstract #783,"regimens for head-injured patients are quite variable . short-acting sedative-anesthetic agent propofol is being increasingly used in such patients , yet little is known regarding its safety and efficacy . this multicenter double-blind trial , a titratable infusion of 2 % propofol accompanied by low-dose morphine for analgesia was compared with a regimen of morphine sulfate in intubated head-injured patients . both groups , other standard measures of controlling intracranial pressure ( ICP ) were also used . patients from 11 centers were evaluated to assess both the safety and efficacy of propofol : 23 patients in the propofol group ( mean time of propofol usage 95 + / -87 hours ) and 19 patients in the morphine group ( mean time of morphine usage 70 + / -54 hours ) . was a higher incidence of poor prognostic indicators in the propofol group than in the morphine group : patient age older than 55 years ( 30.4 % compared with 10.5 % , p < 0.05 ) , initial Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 to 5 ( 39.1 % compared with 15.8 % , p < 0.05 ) , compressed or absent cisterns on initial computerized tomography scanning ( 78.3 % compared with 57.9 % , p < 0.05 ) , early hypotension and/or hypoxia ( 26.1 % compared with 10.5 % , p = 0.07 ) . treatment there was a trend toward greater use of vasopressors in the propofol group . , the mean daily ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure were generally similar between groups and , on therapy Day 3 , ICP was lower in the propofol group compared with the morphine group ( p < 0.05 ) . , there was less use of neuromuscular blocking agents , benzodiazepines , pentobarbital , and cerebrospinal fluid drainage in the propofol group ( p < 0.05 ) . 6 months postinjury , a favorable outcome ( good recovery or moderate disability ) was observed in 52.1 % of patients receiving propofol and in 47.4 % receiving morphine ; the mortality rates were 17.4 % and 21.1 % , respectively . who received the highest doses of propofol for the longest duration tended to have the best outcomes . were no significant differences between groups in terms of adverse events . a higher incidence of poor prognostic indicators in the propofol group , ICP therapy was less intensive , ICP was lower on therapy Day 3 , and long-term outcome was similar to that of the morphine group . results suggest that a propofol-based sedation and an ICP control regimen is a safe , acceptable , and , possibly , desirable alternative to an opiate-based sedation regimen in intubated head-injured patients ."
784,Abstract #784,"compare clinical outcome , healing , and effect of tracheostomy in conventional incisional and carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) laser techniques for resection of soft palates in brachycephalic dogs . randomized trial . adult brachycephalic dogs . were randomly allocated into 4 groups , and 1 of the following was performed : palate resection by use of a CO2 laser ; incisional palate resection and closure with suture ; and palate resection by use of a C02 laser or incision with tracheostomy . clinical score for respiratory function was assigned to each dog at 0 , 2 , 8 , 16 , and 24 hours . specimens of incision sites obtained at days 0 , 3 , 7 , and 14 were examined . were analyzed to determine the effects of technique on clinical and histologic outcome . surgical time for laser ( 309 seconds ) was significantly shorter than for sharp dissection ( 744 seconds ) . technique significantly affected clinical scores at 3 of the 5 postoperative time points , but differences were not clinically apparent . significantly affected clinical scores at 3 of 5 postoperative time points . tracheostomy tube removal , clinical scores were similar to those of dogs without tracheostomies . , necrosis , and ulceration were evident in all groups at day 3 ; these lesions had almost resolved by day 14 . complications were associated with tracheostomy . outcomes appear to be similar with the laser and incisional techniques . surgical time and ease , laser resection of the soft palate appears advantageous . is not warranted in dogs that have uncomplicated surgeries and recoveries ."
785,Abstract #785,"a recent study of several antidepressant drugs in hospitalized , non-Hispanic White patients , Binder et al. reported association of markers located within the FKBP5 gene with treatment response after 2 and 5 weeks . homozygous for the TT-genotype at one of the markers ( rs1360780 ) reported more depressive episodes and responded better to antidepressant treatment . was no association between markers in FKBP5 and disease . present study aimed at studying the associated FKBP5 markers in the ethnically diverse Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression ( STAR * D ) sample of non-hospitalized patients treated with citalopram . used clinical data and DNA samples from 1809 outpatients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder ( DSM-IV criteria ) , who received up to 14 weeks of citalopram . subset of 1523 patients of White non-Hispanic or Black race was matched with 739 control subjects for a case-control analysis . markers rs1360780 and rs4713916 were genotyped on the Illumina platform . was used for marker rs3800373 . the case-control analysis , marker rs1360780 was significantly associated with disease status in the White non-Hispanic sample after correction for multiple testing . significant association was also found between rs4713916 and remission . rs1360780 and rs4713916 were in strong linkage disequilibrium in the White non-Hispanic but not in the Black population . was no significant difference in the number of previous episodes of depression between genotypes at any of the three markers . results indicate that FKBP5 is an important target for further studies of depression and treatment response ."
786,Abstract #786,"present the 6-year results of a randomized-controlled clinical trial evaluating guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) combined with or without deproteinized bovine bone mineral ( DBBM ) in intrabony defects . each of 45 patients , one defect was treated with GTR combined with DBBM hydrated in saline ( DBBM - ) or gentamicin sulphate ( DBBM + ) or with GTR alone . parameters were recorded pre-surgery , at 1 and 6 years postsurgery . patients/33 teeth were available for the 6-year control . significant clinical improvements were observed for all treatments . attachment level ( CAL ) gain averaged 2.5 mm ( DBBM - ) , 4.1 mm ( DBBM + ) , and 3.0 mm ( GTR ) at 1 year postsurgery , and remained stable over 5 additional years ( 2.3 , 4.1 , and 2.7 mm , respectively ) . did not appear to influence residual probing depths ( PDs ) or CAL gains at 6 years postsurgery , or the extent of PD and CAL change from 1 to 6 years , and did not associate with sites losing CAL during follow-up . association of grafting with sites showing CAL gain > or = 4 mm at the 1 - or 6-year control was observed . improvements in periodontal conditions obtained after GTR treatment with or without the adjunct use of DBBM can be preserved on a long-term basis ."
787,Abstract #787,"assess whether delivery of fluticasone propionate using a novel bi-directional delivery device ( Opt-FP ) offers therapeutic benefits in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis ( CRS ) . prospective , single centre , randomized , double-blind , placebo ( PBO ) - controlled , parallel group study was conducted in adult subjects ( n = 20 ) with CRS without nasal polyps or only cobblestoned mucosa . received Opt-FP 400 g or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks ( n = 10/group ) . measures included symptom scores , RSOM-31 , CRS VAS , nasendoscopy , peak nasal inspiratory flow ( PNIF ) and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) . score for oedema showed a highly significant and progressive improvement ( 12 weeks ( median scores ) : Opt-FP -4.0 , PBO -1.0 , p = 0.015 ) . increased significantly during Opt-FP treatment compared to placebo ( 4 weeks : p = 0.006 ; 8 weeks : p = 0.03 ) . 12 weeks MRI scores in the Opt-FP group improved against baseline ( p = 0.039 ) and a non-significant trend was seen versus placebo . nasal RSOM-31 subscale was significantly improved with Opt-FP treatment ( 4 weeks : p < 0.009 , 8 weeks : p < 0.016 , 12 weeks : NS ) . of smell , nasal discomfort and combined score were all significantly improved ( p < 0.05 ) . Opt-FP was well tolerated . OptiNose breath-actuated bi-directional delivery device administering fluticasone propionate ( 400 g b.i.d. ) is an effective and well tolerated treatment for recalcitrant CRS ."
788,Abstract #788,"are few studies reporting on docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA , 22:6 n-3 ) supplementation during pregnancy and infant cognitive function . supplementation in pregnancy and infant problem solving in the first year have not been investigated . tested the hypothesis that infants born to women who consumed a DHA-containing functional food during pregnancy would demonstrate better problem-solving abilities and recognition memory than would infants born to women who consumed the placebo during pregnancy . a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial , pregnant women consumed a DHA-containing functional food or a placebo from gestation week 24 until delivery . groups received DHA-containing cereal-based bars ( 300 mg DHA/92-kcal bar ; average consumption : 5 bars/wk ; n = 14 ) or cereal-based placebo bars ( n = 15 ) . Infant Planning Test and Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence were administered to infants at age 9 mo. . problem-solving trial included a support step and a search step . procedure was scored on the basis of the infant 's performance on each step and on the entire problem ( intention score and total intentional solutions ) . were generated on the basis of the cumulative performance of the infant on 5 trials . had significant effects on the performance of problem-solving tasks : total intention score ( P = 0.017 ) , total intentional solutions ( P = 0.011 ) , and number of intentional solutions on both cloth ( P = 0.008 ) and cover ( P = 0.004 ) steps . were no significant differences between groups in any measure of Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence . data point to a benefit for problem solving but not for recognition memory at age 9 mo in infants of mothers who consumed a DHA-containing functional food during pregnancy ."
789,Abstract #789,"observe the combined effect of etoposide ( Vp-16 ) and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( rhG-CSF ) on mobilization of autologous peripheral blood stem cells ( APBSC ) in malignant tumor patients and find out the suitable dose of Vp-16 . patients were randomly divided into two groups , 15 in each group . group A , Vp-16 1000 mg/m ( 2 ) was injected intravenously in six divided doses , for 2 hours every 12 hours on day 1 , 2 and 3 . group B , Vp-16 1500 mg/m ( 2 ) was injected intravenously in six divided doses for 3 hours every 12 hours on day 1 , 2 and 3 . was given as a single daily injection subcutaneously at the dose of 300 microg.body ( -1 ) . ( -1 ) from the day of the nadir of white blood cell ( WBC ) to the day before the end of APBCS harvest . harvest started when WBC > or = 5.0 x 10 ( 9 ) / L and finished when accumulated mononuclear cells ( MNC ) > or = 5 x 10 ( 8 ) / kg or CD34 + cells > or = 2 x 10 ( 6 ) / kg . was no significant difference between the time of nadir , nadir of WBC , absolute neutrophil count ( ANC ) , the beginning time and continuous time of rhG-CSF given , the beginning time and continuous time of APBSC harvest . the blood volume , flow rate and continuous time of apheresis were similar in each apheresis in the two groups , the number of APBSC in each harvest and total number of APBSC were also not significantly different between the two groups . side effects induced by Vp-16 were also not significant different between the two groups . combined with rhG-CSF is a safe and highly effective method for APBSC mobilization , 1000 mg/m ( 2 ) and 1500 mg/m ( 2 ) of Vp-16 possess similar efficiency and side effects for APBSC mobilization ."
790,Abstract #790,"evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure ( PEEP ) on oxygen delivery ( DO ( 2 ) ) with 1-lung ventilation during thoracoscopy in normal anesthetized dogs . , controlled experimental study . , adult , intact Walker Hound dogs weighing 25.6-29 .2 kg . dogs had 1-lung ventilation during an open-chest condition . Swan-Ganz catheter was used to measure pulmonary hemodynamic variables and to obtain mixed venous blood samples for blood gas analysis . dorsal pedal catheter was used for measurement of systemic arterial pressure and to obtain arterial blood samples for blood gas analysis . delivery was calculated and used to assess the effect of 0 , 2.5 , and 5 cm H ( 2 ) O PEEP during 1-lung ventilation on cardiopulmonary function . dog was its own control at 0 cm H ( 2 ) O PEEP . randomized block ANOVA for repeated measures was used to evaluate the effect of the treatment on hemodynamic and pulmonary variables . of 5 cm H ( 2 ) O PEEP induced a significant augmentation in the arterial partial pressure of oxygen ( PaO ( 2 ) ) . fraction ( Q ( s ) / Q ( t ) ) , physiologic dead space ( V ( D ) / V ( T ) ) , and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference ( P ( A-a ) O ( 2 ) ) decreased significantly after 5 cm H ( 2 ) O PEEP , compared with 1-lung ventilation without PEEP . of 2.5 cm H ( 2 ) O PEEP had no significant effect on cardiopulmonary variables . of PEEP had no significant effect on arterial oxygen saturation ( SaO ( 2 ) ) , DO ( 2 ) , and hemodynamic variables in normal dogs . had no effect on DO ( 2 ) in normal dogs undergoing open-chest 1-lung ventilation because it had no adverse effect on hemodynamic variables . in normal dogs during open-chest 1-lung ventilation for thoracoscopy is not detrimental to cardiac output and can be recommended in clinical patients ."
791,Abstract #791,"study the pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailability of nefopam tablets ( Acupan ) . of this study was based on a single-dose , two-sequence , cross-over randomized design using 12 fasting healthy Pakistani male young subjects . validated LC/MS method was applied to a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study in 12 fasting healthy Pakistani male subjects from the blood samples taken up to 24 h after an oral dose of one tablet of 30 mg nefopam in a double-blind , randomized , cross-over design . mean maximum plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) for the reference formulation was 60.71 2.36 ng/ml ( SEM ) and for test formulation 60.46 1.30 ng/ml ( SEM ) . mean time to reach maximum plasma concentration ( T ( max ) ) values of reference and test formulations was 1.63 0.13 h ( SEM ) and 1.83 0.07 h ( SEM ) , respectively . mean SEM values of AUC ( 0 - ) for the reference and test formulations were 293.01 16.09 ngh/ml and 307.53 8.99 ngh/ml , respectively . results showed that both formulations possessed almost the same relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters ."
792,Abstract #792,"management of degenerative spondylolisthesis associated with spinal stenosis remains controversial . is widely used and has recently been shown to be more effective than nonoperative treatment when the results were followed over two years . remain regarding the long-term effects of surgical treatment compared with those of nonoperative treatment . candidates from thirteen centers with symptoms of at least twelve weeks ' duration as well as confirmatory imaging showing degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis were offered enrollment in a randomized cohort or observational cohort . consisted of standard decompressive laminectomy ( with or without fusion ) or usual nonoperative care . outcome measures were the Short Form-36 ( SF-36 ) bodily pain and physical function scores and the modified Oswestry Disability Index at six weeks , three months , six months , and yearly up to four years . the randomized cohort ( 304 patients enrolled ) , 66 % of those randomized to receive surgery received it by four years whereas 54 % of those randomized to receive nonoperative care received surgery by four years . the observational cohort ( 303 patients enrolled ) , 97 % of those who chose surgery received it whereas 33 % of those who chose nonoperative care eventually received surgery . intent-to-treat analysis of the randomized cohort , which was limited by nonadherence to the assigned treatment , showed no significant differences in treatment outcomes between the operative and nonoperative groups at three or four years . as-treated analysis combining the randomized and observational cohorts that adjusted for potential confounders demonstrated that the clinically relevant advantages of surgery that had been previously reported through two years were maintained at four years , with treatment effects of 15.3 ( 95 % confidence interval , 11 to 19.7 ) for bodily pain , 18.9 ( 95 % confidence interval , 14.8 to 23 ) for physical function , and -14.3 ( 95 % confidence interval , -17.5 to -11.1 ) for the Oswestry Disability Index . advantages ( at two years ) of surgical treatment in terms of the secondary measures of bothersomeness of back and leg symptoms , overall satisfaction with current symptoms , and self-rated progress were also maintained at four years . with patients who are treated nonoperatively , patients in whom degenerative spondylolisthesis and associated spinal stenosis are treated surgically maintain substantially greater pain relief and improvement in function for four years ."
793,Abstract #793,"authors conducted two multicenter sequential parallel comparison design trials to investigate the effect of L-methylfolate augmentation in the treatment of major depressive disorder in patients who had a partial response or no response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) . the first trial , 148 outpatients with SSRI-resistant major depressive disorder were enrolled in a 60-day study divided into two 30-day periods . were randomly assigned , in a 2:3:3 ratio , to receive L-methylfolate for 60 days ( 7.5 mg/day for 30 days followed by 15 mg/day for 30 days ) , placebo for 30 days followed by L-methylfolate ( 7.5 mg/day ) for 30 days , or placebo for 60 days . dosages were kept constant throughout the study . the second trial , with 75 patients , the design was identical to the first , except that the l-methylfolate dosage was 15 mg/day during both 30-day periods . the first trial , no significant difference was observed in outcomes between the treatment groups . the second trial , adjunctive L-methylfolate at 15 mg/day showed significantly greater efficacy compared with continued SSRI therapy plus placebo on both primary outcome measures ( response rate and degree of change in depression symptom score ) and two secondary outcome measures of symptom severity . number needed to treat for response was approximately six in favor of adjunctive L-methylfolate at 15 mg/day . was well tolerated , with rates of adverse events no different from those reported with placebo . L-methylfolate at 15 mg/day may constitute an effective , safe , and relatively well tolerated treatment strategy for patients with major depressive disorder who have a partial response or no response to SSRIs ."
794,Abstract #794,"during pregnancy is an important problem in the Netherlands . tested the effectiveness of a health counseling method by midwives using a RCT . provinces with 42 practices including 118 midwives were randomly assigned to the experimental or control condition . in the experimental group provided brief health counseling , self-help materials on smoking cessation during pregnancy and early postpartum , and a partner booklet . received routine care . main outcome measures were 7-day abstinence , continuous abstinence , and partner smoking at 6 weeks post-intervention ( T1 ) and 6 weeks postpartum ( T2 ) . analysis revealed significant differences between both conditions at T1 and T2 using intention-to-treat analysis . percent of the experimental group reported 7-day abstinence compared to 7 % of the control group at T1 , and 21 and 12 % , respectively , at T2 . continuous abstinence these percentages were 12 % in the experimental group and 3 % in the control group . partner intervention was not successful . intervention resulted in significant effects on smoking behavior for pregnant women , but not for partner smoking . program realized short-term effects . important precondition is that midwives need a proper training ."
795,Abstract #795,"evaluate if early skin-to-skin contact ( SSC ) improves breast-feeding ( BF ) behavior and exclusive BF ( EBF ) rates in term infants at 48 h of age . infants born by normal delivery were randomized at birth to either early SSC ( n = 20 ) or conventional care ( controls ; n = 21 ) . was continued for at least 2 h after birth . , one BF session of the infants was video recorded at about 48 h of life . primary outcome , infants ' BF behavior at 48 h of life , was assessed using the modified infant Breast-Feeding Assessment Tool ( BAT ; a score consisting of infant 's readiness to feed , sucking , rooting and latching , each item scored from 0 to 3 ) by three independent masked observers . secondary outcomes were EBF rates at 48 h and 6 weeks of age and salivary cortisol level of infants at 6 h of age . characteristics including birth weight and gestation were comparable between the two groups . was no significant difference in the BAT scores between the groups [ median : 8 , interquartile range ( IQR ) 5-10 vs. median 9 , IQR 5-10 ; p = 0.6 ] . rates at 48 h and at 6 weeks were , however , significantly higher in the early-SSC group than in the control group [ 95.0 vs. 38.1 % ; relative risk ( RR ) : 2.5 , 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) : 1.4-4 .3 and 90 vs. 28.6 % ; RR : 3.2 , 95 % CI : 1.6-6 .3 ] . SSC did not improve BF behavior at discharge but significantly improved the EBF rates of term neonates ."
796,Abstract #796,"compare the results of single-dose internal irradiation ( brachytherapy ) and self-expanding metal stent placement in the palliation of oesophageal obstruction due to cancer of the oesophagus . trial . the period from December 1999-Jun 2002 , 209 patients with dysphagia due to inoperable carcinoma of the oesophagus were randomised to placement of an Ultraflex stent ( n = 108 ) or single-dose ( 12 Gy ) brachytherapy ( n = 101 ) . outcome was relief of dysphagia ; secondary outcomes were complications , persistent or recurrent dysphagia , health-related quality of life , and costs . were followed up by monthly home visits from a specialised nurse . improved more rapidly after stent placement than after brachytherapy , but long-term relief of dysphagia was better after brachytherapy . placement resulted in more complications than did brachytherapy ( 36/108 ( 33 % ) versus 21/101 ( 21 % ) ; p = 0.02 ) , due mainly to an increased incidence of late haemorrhage in the stent group ( 14 versus 5 ; p = 0.05 ) . groups did not differ with regard to the incidence of persistent or recurrent dysphagia or median survival ( p > 0.20 ) . the long term , quality-of-life scores were higher in the brachytherapy group . medical costs were also similar for both treatments : Euro 8,215 for stent placement and Euro 8,135 for brachytherapy . provided better long-term relief of dysphagia than did stent placement and also produced fewer complications . is therefore recommended as the preferred treatment for the palliation of dysphagia due to oesophageal cancer ."
797,Abstract #797,"medical practices are common in the treatment of vertigo . study compared the effects of Ginkgo biloba treatment with the homeopathic remedy Vertigoheel ( Biologische Heilmittel Heel GmbH , Baden-Baden , Germany ) . , double-blinded , parallel group study . hundred and seventy ( 170 ) patients , ages 60-80 years , with atherosclerosis-related vertigo . were randomly allocated to receive treatment with either Vertigoheel ( n = 87 ) or G. biloba ( n = 83 ) . results were analyzed for the non-inferiority of Vertigoheel to G. biloba on the combined endpoint of changes from baseline to week 6 in dizziness score ( assessed by questionnaire ) , frequency , duration , and intensity of vertigo episodes ( recorded in patient diaries ) . treatments improved vertigo status . a baseline mean value of 26.1 + / - 5.2 ( on a 50-point scale ) in the Vertigoheel group , the dizziness questionnaire score improved by -10.6 + / - 10.0 , and by -10.7 + / - 9.0 from 25.8 - 4.7 in the G. biloba group . analysis of this endpoint showed that Vertigoheel was not inferior to G. biloba . 95 % confidence interval for the difference between treatment did not reach the inferiority threshold of 0.36 at any of the time points tested . results were supported by the results of a line walking test , Unterberger 's stepping test , and patient and physician global assessments of therapeutic effect . treatments were well tolerated . is an appealing alternative to established G. biloba therapy for atherosclerosis-related vertigo ."
798,Abstract #798,"compare cosmetic results of two different radiotherapy ( RT ) boost techniques used in the treatment of breast cancer after whole breast radiotherapy and to identify factors affecting cosmetic outcomes . 1996 and 1998 , 142 patients with Stage I and II breast cancer were treated with breast conservative surgery and adjuvant RT. . were then randomly assigned to receive a boost dose of 15 Gy delivered to the tumor bed either by iridium 192 , or a combination of photons and electrons . evaluations were done on a 6-month basis , with a final evaluation at 36 months after RT. . evaluations were done using a panel of global and specific subjective scores , a digitized scoring system using the breast retraction assessment ( BRA ) measurement , and a patient 's self-assessment evaluation . cosmetic results were graded according to severity , the comparison of boost techniques was done using the ordinal logistic regression model . odds ratios ( OR ) and their 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) are presented . 36 months of follow-up , there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the global subjective cosmetic outcome ( OR = 1.40 ; 95 % CI = 0.69-2 .85 , p = 0.35 ) . to excellent scores were observed in 65 % of implant patients and 62 % of photon/electron patients . 24 months and beyond , telangiectasia was more severe in the implant group with an OR of 9.64 ( 95 % CI = 4.05-22 .92 , p < 0.0001 ) at 36 months . only variable associated with a worse global cosmetic outcome was the presence of concomitant chemotherapy ( OR = 3.87 ; 95 % CI = 1.74-8 .62 ) . BRA value once adjusted for age , concomitant chemotherapy , and boost volume showed a positive association with the boost technique . BRA value was significantly greater in the implant group ( p = 0.03 ) . was no difference in the patient 's final self-assessment score between the two groups . variables were statistically associated with an adverse self-evaluation : an inferior quadrant tumor localization , postoperative hematoma , and concomitant chemotherapy . this trial showed that at 36 months of follow-up , there were no significant differences in the overall global cosmetic scores between the implant boost group and the photon/electron boost group , telangiectasia was more severe and the BRA value was greater in the implant group ."
799,Abstract #799,"determined that the Er : YAG pulsed 2.94 micron radiation was successful in the removal of caries , cavity preparation , and etching prior to acid etching . laser group was compared to a control group in which the high-speed drill was employed . measured included histological evaluation of the pulp , scanning electron microscopy of the surface morphology of the tooth , dye penetration studies , bond strength measurements , and rating of the laser 's ability to remove caries and form the preparation . collectively evaluated 60 patients with 106 teeth in both the laser and control groups over a 1-year period . were treated in vivo and then extracted immediately , at 2 days , 1 month , and up to 1-year to assess pulpal healing , surface morphology , and the quality of the preparation , restoration , and pain . dental laser was shown to be equal or better than the drill in the tested procedures of caries removal , cavity preparation , and etching prior to acid etching . scanning electron microscopy revealed no microfracturing , open dentinal tubules , and effective etching with the laser having a mean of 2.7 with an optimum rating of 3 . histological testing confirmed that the pulp was not compromised using the laser with scores of theta for hemorrhage , 0.47 for hyperemia , and 0.12 for inflammation on a scale of 0 to 3 where 0 is no effect . FDA has recently cleared the Er : YAG to remove all classes of caries , form the cavity preparation , and modify the enamel and dentin prior to acid etching . this Phase I study conducted as part of the clinical trials , there were no complications and no tooth was compromised . were consistently treated without anesthesia with the same or better results than the drill as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and histological studies ."
800,Abstract #800,"determine the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin , a new generation fluoroquinolone , in the anterior chamber of the human uninflamed eye . patients undergoing cataract surgery received two doses of 400 mg of oral moxifloxacin with a 12 hour interval and were divided into six groups . levels in aqueous humour and serum were determined by a microbiological agar well diffusion technique at 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , and 12 hours after the second dose in each group respectively . moxifloxacin levels in the anterior chamber were 1.20 ( SD 0.35 ) microg/ml at the 2 hours group , 1.22 ( 0.48 ) microg/ml at the 4 hours group , 1.20 ( 0.45 ) microg/ml at the 6 hours group , 1.58 ( 0.38 ) microg/ml at the 8 hours group , 1.37 ( 0.44 ) microg/ml at the 10 hours group , and 1.23 ( 0.55 ) microg/ml at the 12 hours group . mean ratio of aqueous to serum moxifloxacin level was 38 % . penetrates well into the anterior chamber of the human uninflamed eye after oral administration , reaching early significant levels , which are maintained for at least 12 hours and are much higher than the MIC ( 90 ) values of Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens commonly implicated in intraocular infections with the exceptions of fluoroquinolone resistant staphylococci , MRSA , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ."
801,Abstract #801,"evaluate the efficacy of Familias Unidas , a Hispanic-specific , parent-centered intervention , in preventing/reducing adolescent substance use , unsafe sexual behavior , and externalizing disorders . total of 213 8th grade Hispanic adolescents with behavior problems and their primary caregivers were assigned randomly to one of two conditions : Familias Unidas or Community Control . were assessed at baseline and at 6 , 18 , and 30 months post baseline . showed that , relative to a Community Control condition , Familias Unidas was efficacious in preventing or reducing externalizing disorders , preventing and reducing substance use , and in reducing unsafe sexual behavior . effects of Familias Unidas on these outcomes were partially mediated by improvements in family functioning . findings suggest that parent-centered intervention is an efficacious strategy for preventing/reducing specific health risk behaviors in Hispanic adolescents with behavior problems ."
802,Abstract #802,"are the mainstay of asthma therapy . , it is unclear whether the benefits of glucocorticoids in asthma are merely based on antiinflammatory properties . may also alter gene expression of airway smooth muscle ( ASM ) . hypothesized that the gene expression profile of the ASM layer in endobronchial biopsies of patients with asthma is altered by oral glucocorticoid therapy as compared with placebo . , we investigated the change in ASM transcriptomic profile in endobronchial biopsies after 14 days of oral glucocorticoid therapy . , we investigated the association between changes in ASM transcriptomic profile and lung function . steroid-free patients with atopic asthma were included in this double-blind intervention study . biopsies were taken before and after 14 days of oral prednisolone ( n = 6 ) or placebo ( n = 6 ) . of laser-dissected ASM was sequenced ( RNA-Seq ) using GS FLX + ( 454/Roche ) . networks were identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis . reads were assumed to follow a negative binomial distribution . the current sample size the estimated false discovery rate was approximately 3 % . genes were significantly changed by 14 days of oral prednisolone . of these genes ( FAM129A , SYNPO2 ) were associated with airway hyperresponsiveness ( provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20 % drop in FEV1 : r = -0.740 , P < 0.01 ; r = -0.746 , P < 0.01 ) . analysis revealed three gene networks that were associated with cellular functions including cellular growth , proliferation , and development . prednisolone changes the transcriptomic profile of the ASM layer in asthma . indicates that in parallel to antiinflammatory properties , glucocorticoids also exert effects on gene expression of ASM , which is correlated with improved airway function ."
803,Abstract #803,"evaluate and compare analgesic efficacy , drug consumption and patient satisfaction with the i.v. patient-controlled and continuous infusion modes of administration of tramadol . total of 40 pregnant women in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system risk classes I-II scheduled for cesarean section were randomized into two groups to receive treatment in single-blind fashion . in both groups received tramadol as an i.v. infusion 15 min before the end of surgery under general anesthesia for cesarean section . the post-anesthesia care unit , the 20 patients allocated to group I were given i.v. tramadol in patient-controlled anesthesia ( PCA ) , while the 20 other patients assigned to group II received it as a continuous infusion . visual analog scores ( VAS ) , mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) , heart rate , total tramadol consumption , sedation scores , side-effects ( nausea/vomiting ) and patient satisfaction were evaluated seven times in the course of the first postoperative 24 h. Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman 's anova were used for the statistical treatment of data . , sedation scores and nausea/vomiting scores were similar in both groups ( P > 0.05 ) . 24-h tramadol consumption was significantly lower in group I ( 420.15 66.58 mg ) than in group II ( 494.00 29.45 mg ) , while patient satisfaction was significantly higher in group I ( P < 0.05 ) . tramadol administration by either of the methods used may ensure efficient early postoperative anesthesia in cesarean section patients , i.v. PCA may be preferred because of the lower drug consumption and higher patient satisfaction associated with it ."
804,Abstract #804,"test the hypotheses that older people and their informal carers are not disadvantaged by home-based rehabilitation ( HBR ) relative to day hospital rehabilitation ( DHR ) and that HBR is less costly . randomised controlled trial . trusts in England providing both HBR and DHR . staff reviewed consecutive referrals to identify subjects who were potentially suitable for randomisation according to the defined inclusion criteria . were randomised to receive either HBR or DHR . primary outcome measure was the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living ( NEADL ) scale . outcome measures included the EuroQol 5 dimensions ( EQ-5D ) , Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( HADS ) , Therapy Outcome Measures ( TOMs ) , hospital admissions and the General Health Questionnaire ( GHQ-30 ) for carers . , 89 subjects were randomised and 42 received rehabilitation in each arm of the trial . the primary end point of 6 months there were 32 and 33 patients in the HBR and DHR arms respectively . mean scores on the NEADL scale at 6 months , after adjustment for baseline , were not significantly in favour of either HBR or DHR [ DHR 30.78 ( SD 15.01 ) , HBR 32.11 ( SD 16.89 ) , p = 0.37 ; mean difference -2.139 ( 95 % CI -6.870 to 2.592 ) ] . of the non-inferiority of HBR over DHR using a ` non-inferiority ' limit ( 10 % ) applied to the confidence interval estimates for the different outcome measures at 6 months ' follow-up demonstrated non-inferiority for the NEADL scale , EQ-5D and HADS anxiety scale and some advantage for HBR on the HADS depression scale , of borderline statistical significance . results were seen at 3 and 12 months ' follow-up , with a statistically significant difference in the mean EQ-5D ( index ) score in favour of DHR at 3 months ( p = 0.047 ) . the end of rehabilitation , a greater proportion of the DHR group showed a positive direction of change from their initial assessment with respect to therapist-rated clinical outcomes ; however , a lower proportion of HBR patients showed a negative direction of change and , overall , median scores on the TOMs scales did not differ between the two groups . patients in the HBR group were admitted to hospital on any occasion over the 12-month observation period [ 18 ( 43 % ) versus 22 ( 52 % ) ] ; however , this difference was not statistically significant . psychological well-being of patients ' carers , measured at 3 , 6 and 12 months , was unaffected by whether rehabilitation took place at day hospital or at home . the primary outcome measure and EQ-5D ( index ) scores at 6 months showed no significant differences between the two arms of the trial , a cost-minimisation analysis was undertaken . the public costs nor the total costs at the 6-month follow-up point ( an average of 213 days ' total follow-up ) or the 12-month follow-up point ( an average of 395 days ' total follow-up ) were significantly different between the groups . with DHR , providing rehabilitation in patients ' own homes confers no particular disadvantage for patients and carers . cost of providing HBR does not appear to be significantly different from that of providing DHR . providers and purchasers need to consider the place of care in the light of local needs , to provide the benefits of both kinds of services . is required when interpreting the results of the RCT because a large proportion of potentially eligible subjects were not recruited to the trial , the required sample size was not achieved and there was a relatively large loss to follow-up . Controlled Trials ISRCTN71801032 ."
805,Abstract #805,"investigate the effect of ulinastatin and tranexamic acid administered alone or in combination on inflammatory cytokines and fibrinolytic system in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) . fibrinolytic hyperfunction and systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS ) are the leading causes responsible for the occurrence of postsurgical complications such as postsurgical cardiac insufficiency and lung injury , which may lead to an increase in postsurgical bleeding , prolongation of hospital stay , and increased costs . hundred twenty patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery during CPB were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 30 patients each : blank control group ( Group C ) , tranexamic acid group ( Group T ) , ulinastatin group ( Group U ) , and tranexamic acid-ulinastatin combination group ( Group D ) . saline , tranexamic acid , ulinastatin , and a combination of tranexamic acid and ulinastatin were given to each group , respectively . blood was collected from the radial artery at 4 time points : after induction of anesthesia ( T1 ) , unclamping the ascending aorta ( T2 ) , and at 1 hour ( T3 ) and 24 hours ( T4 ) after CPB . levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF - ) , interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) , neutrophil elastase ( NE ) , and the concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator ( t-PA ) and 2-antiplasmin ( 2-AP ) were detected . changes in the volume of pericardial mediastinal drainage after surgery were observed and recorded . plasma TNF - , IL-6 , and NE levels significantly increased in patients from all 4 groups at time points of T2 , T3 , and T4 in comparison to those before CPB ( P < .05 ) , and the plasma TNF - and IL-6 levels in groups U and D were significantly lower than those in the other 2 groups ( P < .05 ) . plasma t-PA , 2-AP , and D-dimer concentrations significantly increased in patients from all 4 groups at T2 and T3 compared with those before CPB ( P < .05 ) , and the plasma t-PA and D-dimer concentrations were significantly lower in groups T and D than those in groups U and C ( P < .05 ) at T2 and T3 . plasma 2-AP concentrations in groups T and D were significantly higher than those in Group C at T3 ( P < .05 ) . volumes of pericardial mediastinal drainage per body surface area were significantly lower in groups T and D than those in Group C 6 hours after the surgery ( P < .05 ) . inhibits the release of inflammatory medium and reduces the inflammatory response during CPB . acid can effectively inhibit the fibrinolytic hyperfunction caused by CPB and thus decreases postsurgical bleeding . addition , it exhibits a minor anti-inflammatory response . a consequence , a combined treatment of ulinastatin and tranexamic acid reduces postsurgical bleeding and shortens postoperative hospital stay in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery ."
806,Abstract #806,"evaluate whether 5-mm short dental implants could be an alternative to augmentation with anorganic bovine bone and placement of at least 10-mm long implants in posterior atrophic jaws . patients with bilateral atrophic mandibles ( 5 mm to 7 mm bone height above the mandibular canal ) and 15 patients with bilateral atrophic maxillae ( 4 mm to 6 mm bone height below the maxillary sinus ) , and bone thickness of at least 8 mm , were randomised according to a split-mouth design to receive one to three 5-mm short implants or at least 10-mm long implants in augmented bone . were vertically augmented with interpositional bone blocks and maxillary sinuses with particulated bone via a lateral window . were placed after 4 months , submerged and loaded , after another 4 months , with provisional prostheses . months later , definitive provisionally cemented prostheses were delivered . measures were : prosthesis and implant failures ; any complication and peri-implant marginal bone level changes . five augmented mandibles , the planned 10-mm long implants could not be placed and shorter implants ( 7 mm and 8.5 mm ) had to be used instead . years after loading , two patients , one treated in the mandible and one in the maxilla , dropped out . prostheses ( 1 mandibular and 2 maxillary ) failed in the short implant group versus none in the long implant group . mandibles , one long implant failed versus two short implants in 1 patient . maxillae , one long implant failed versus three short implants in 2 patients . were no statistically significant differences in the failures . patients had 13 complications at short implants ( 1 patient accounted for 6 complications ) and 11 patients had 13 complications at long implants . were no statistically significant differences in complications ( P = 0.63 , difference = 0.10 , 95 % CI from -0.22 to 0.42 ) . years after loading , patients with mandibular implants lost on average 1.44 mm at short implants and 1.63 mm at long implants of peri-implant marginal bone . difference was not statistically significant ( difference = 0.24 mm ; 95 % CI -0.01 , 0.49 P = 0.059 ) . maxillae , patients lost on average 1.02 mm at short implants and 1.54 mm at long implants . difference was statistically significant ( difference = 0.41 mm ; 95 % CI 0.21 , 0.60 , P = 0.001 ) . years after loading , 5-mm short implants achieved similar results as longer implants in augmented bone . implants might be a preferable choice to vertical bone augmentation , especially in mandibles , since the treatment is faster and cheaper , however there are still insufficient data on the long-term prognosis of short implants ."
807,Abstract #807,"KNAVE-II , a knowledge-based framework for visualization , interpretation , and exploration of longitudinal clinical data , clinical concepts and patterns . mediates queries to a distributed temporal-abstraction architecture ( IDAN ) , which uses a knowledge-based problem-solving method specializing in on-the-fly computation of clinical queries . two-phase , balanced cross-over study to compare efficiency and satisfaction of a group of clinicians when answering queries of variable complexity about time-oriented clinical data , typical for oncology protocols , using KNAVE-II , versus standard methods : both paper charts and a popular electronic spreadsheet ( ESS ) in Phase I ; an ESS in Phase II . measurements included the time required to answer and the correctness of answer for each query and each complexity category , and for all queries , assessed versus a predetermined gold standard set by a domain expert . satisfaction was assessed by the Standard Usability Score ( SUS ) tool-specific questionnaire and by a `` Usability of Tool Comparison '' comparative questionnaire developed for this study . both evaluations , subjects answered higher-complexity queries significantly faster using KNAVE-II than when using paper charts or an ESS up to a mean of 255 s difference per query versus the ESS for hard queries ( p = 0.0003 ) in the second evaluation . correctness scores when using KNAVE-II versus paper charts , in the first phase , and the ESS , in the second phase , were significantly higher over all queries . the second evaluation , 91.6 % ( 110/120 ) of all of the questions asked within queries of all levels produced correct answers using KNAVE-II , opposed to only 57.5 % ( 69/120 ) using the ESS ( p < 0.0001 ) . satisfaction with KNAVE-II was significantly superior compared to using either a paper chart or the ESS ( p = 0.006 ) . ranked KNAVE-II superior to both paper and the ESS . evaluation of the functionality and usability of KNAVE-II and its supporting knowledge-based temporal-mediation architecture has produced highly encouraging results regarding saving of physician time , enhancement of accuracy of clinical assessment , and user satisfaction ."
808,Abstract #808,"and disodium cromoglycate ( DSCG ) are commonly used agents for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis . comparative efficacy , however , of these agents in the pediatric population has not been reported . efficacy of nasally administered budesonide ( 400 micrograms/day , administered twice daily ) was compared with that of DSCG ( 31.2 mg/day , administered six times per day ) for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children . single-blind parallel group study was carried out in 56 children ( mean age 12 years ) with seasonal allergic rhinitis . was for 3 weeks , during which patients assessed nasal symptoms , eye symptoms , and overall efficacy . the 3-week period , mean scores for the nasal symptoms of blocked nose , itchy nose , and sneezing were significantly lower with budesonide therapy than with DSCG . values were .021 , .0032 , and .0016 , respectively . treatment groups reported reduced scores for runny nose and eye symptoms ; no statistically significant difference was observed between budesonide and DSCG . global efficacy assessment scores show significantly more patients benefited from budesonide therapy than from DSCG treatment . results suggest that nasally administered budesonide has greater efficacy than DSCG in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in children ."
809,Abstract #809,"study aimed to test the following hypotheses : ( 1 ) a carry-over effect of EC40 does not occur in a split-mouth model , ( 2 ) two consecutive applications of EC40 varnish with an interval of 3 months per year has a better inhibiting effect on mutans streptococci in pit and fissure plaque of permanent first molars of 6-7-year olds than a repeated application at each 6 months and ( 3 ) EC40 exerts an inhibiting effect on mutans streptococci for at least a 6-month duration . a split-mouth design , test molars received EC40 on fissures and pits and control molars remained without treatment . group of test molars received EC40 at baseline , 6 , 12 and 18 months and another group at baseline , 3 , 12 and 15 months . samples were taken from pits and fissures of test and control molars at baseline , 6 , 9 , 12 and 24 months . mixed ANOVA model was used to analyze the data . first hypothesis was accepted , the second rejected and the third accepted . a year EC40 application on pits and fissures of permanent first molars of 6-7-year-old children can significantly reduce mutans streptococci numbers for a 6-month period , but the reductions were small ."
810,Abstract #810,"purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) in the late follicular phase to induce ovulation and its endocrine response in patients who had previously failed to ovulate on clomiphene citrate ( CC ) alone . total of 67 patients from a private tertiary infertility clinic , who had produced a dominant follicle 12 mm or larger but 20 mm or smaller on a prior CC cycle at 100 mg but had failed to ovulate , were prospectively randomly assigned to groups . 1 repeated the 100 mg dose of CC but started a 200 IU hCG intramuscular injection daily when the largest follicle was 12 mm or larger mean diameter . 2 received a 150 mg dose of CC and both groups were monitored with transvaginal ultrasound and serum levels of E 2 , P 4 , and testosterone . measurements of follicle number and growth , ovulation , pregnancy rates , and serum hormonal levels were recorded and compared between the 2 groups . of variance and Student t test were used for statistical significance . low-dose hCG group had significantly higher percentage of ovulatory cycles ( 57 % vs 7 % P < .001 ) , peak E 2 levels ( 378 pg/mL vs 125 pg/mL P < .01 ) , and pregnancy rates ( 18 % vs 0 % P < .001 ) . group showed no evidence of premature leutinization from the hCG with preovulatory P 4 levels less than 1.0 ng/mL and a slight increase in androgen levels . use of micro-dose hCG after CC in the late follicular phase results in continued follicle growth , increased E 2 levels , ovulation , and pregnancies . treatment offers an efficient and cost-effective alternative before gonadotropin therapy for this type of patient ."
811,Abstract #811,"of insulin has been demonstrated within pancreatic beta-cells and the resulting impaired bioactivity may contribute to insulin resistance in diabetes . used a novel radioimmunoassay to evaluate the effect of nateglinide on plasma concentrations of glycated insulin and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes . patients ( 5 M/5 F , age 57.8 + / -1.9 years , HbA ( 1c ) 7.6 + / -0.5 % , fasting plasma glucose 9.4 + / -1.2 mmol/l , creatinine 81.6 + / -4.5 microM/l ) received oral nateglinide 120 mg or placebo , 10 min prior to 75 g oral glucose in a random , single blind , crossover design , 1 week apart . samples were taken for glycated insulin , glucose , insulin and C-peptide over 225 min . glucose and glycated insulin responses were reduced by 9 % ( P = 0.005 ) and 38 % ( P = 0.047 ) , respectively , following nateglinide compared with placebo . AUC measures for insulin and C-peptide were enhanced by 36 % ( P = 0.005 ) and 25 % ( P = 0.007 ) by nateglinide . insulin in type 2 diabetes is reduced in response to the insulin secretagogue nateglinide , resulting in preferential release of native insulin . glycated insulin exhibits impaired biological activity , reduced glycated insulin release may contribute to the antihyperglycaemic action of nateglinide ."
812,Abstract #812,"assess cervical cancer screening behaviors among underserved women participating in an intervention designed to increase mammography use . was a randomized trial of 897 women from three racial groups ( white , African American , Native American ) living in a rural county in North Carolina . and followup surveys were completed by 815 women ; 775 women provided data to be included in these analyses . intervention group received an educational program focused on mammography delivered by a lay health advisor , and the control group received a physician letter/brochure focusing on Pap tests . in both the intervention ( OR 1.70 ; 1.31 , 2.21 , p < 0.001 ) and control groups ( OR 1.38 ; 1.04 , 1.82 , p = 0.025 ) significantly increased cervical cancer screening rates within risk appropriate guidelines . differences by racial group were documented . categorized in the high-risk group for developing cervical cancer ( > 2 sexual partners , age < 18 years at first sexual intercourse , smoker ; treated for sexually transmitted disease [ STD ] or partner with treated STD ) significantly ( OR 1.88 ; 1.54 , 2.28 , p < 0.001 ) increased Pap test completion . , a nonsignificant increase ( OR 1.25 ; 0.87 , 1.79 , p = 0.221 ) in Pap test completion was demonstrated in women categorized as low risk for cervical cancer . study suggests that women in an intensive behavioral intervention designed to increase mammography use may also increase Pap test completion , similar to a minimal intervention focused only on increasing Pap test completion . results have implications for the design and evaluation of behavioral intervention studies ."
813,Abstract #813,"oral clodronate to postoperative adjuvant breast cancer therapy significantly improves disease-free survival ( DFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) . follow-up data from the prospective , randomized , controlled study are reported . with primary breast cancer received clodronate 1600 mg/day for 2 years or no treatment along with standard adjuvant breast cancer treatment . of 290 of 302 patients demonstrated that a significant improvement in OS was maintained in the clodronate group at a median follow-up of 103 + / - 12 months ; 20.4 % of patients in the clodronate group versus 40.7 % of control group patients ( P = 0.04 ) died during the 8.5 years following primary surgical therapy . reductions in the incidence of bony and visceral metastases and improvement in duration of DFS at 36 - and 55-month follow-up periods were no longer seen with clodronate . long-term survival data extend the survival advantage reported in previous studies with oral clodronate in breast cancer ."
814,Abstract #814,"evaluate the feasibility , toxicity and preliminary results of a potentially less toxic variant of the MOPPEBVCAD chemotherapy regimen for advanced Hodgkin 's disease : MOPPEBVCyED , in which cyclophosphamide and etoposide replace lomustine and melphalan , respectively , with the remaining components being unaltered . study was multicenter , prospective and randomized , and enrolled 67 patients with newly diagnosed stage IIB , III , IV Hodgkin 's disease ( 62 were expected on the grounds of statistical considerations ) . was restricted to sites of bulky involvement or to areas that responded incompletely to chemotherapy . follow-up was 48 months . MOPPEBVCAD vs. MOPPEBVCyED , the results were as follows : complete remissions 35/35 vs. 30/32 ( plus one partial remission and one disease progression ) ; relapses 5 vs. 8 ; deaths 2 ( one of myelodysplasia ) vs. 2 ; delivered mean dose intensity ( DI ) : lomustine 0.79 + / -0.67 vs. cyclophosphamide 0.82 + / -0.32 ; melphalan 0.80 + / -0.13 vs. etoposide 0.86 + / -0.18 ; average DI of the 7 drugs common to both regimens 0.73 + / -0.10 vs. 0.83 + / -0.11 ; all 9 drugs 0.75 + / -0.13 vs. 0.84 + / -0.09 ( p = 0.002 ) ; projected 5-year failure-free survival 0.79 vs 0.62 ; second cancers , two myelodysplasias vs. one carcinoma of the kidney . were not statistically different except for heavier thrombocytopenia being recorded with MOPPEBVCAD . higher cumulative and single drug DI recorded with MOPPEBVCyED may reflect better short-term tolerability , but it does not lead to better disease control . late toxicity may be expected to be lower in the future but at present it does not seem to be a sufficient reason to substitute MOPPEBVCyED for MOPPEBVCAD ."
815,Abstract #815,"'s ' Urology , 8th edition , indicates that office transrectal ultrasound ( TRUS ) and prostate biopsies require no anesthesia . is however in contradistinction from the experience of patients who have had the procedure . study was conducted to evaluate whether 60 mg of intravenous Ketorolac before the procedure makes it more tolerable . prospective study was performed involving 24 patients who were randomized into two groups . group was given 60 mg of Ketorolac intravenously before the procedure and the control group received no analgesia . two groups were comparable in age and the indications for the TRUS and prostate biopsies . number of biopsy cores tolerated and taken was significantly less in the control group than in the group that was given intravenous Ketorolac . degree of pain in the group that had intravenous Ketorolac was significantly less than in the no analgesia group . with prostate biopsies is a painful procedure . Ketorolac significantly reduces the pain involved in the procedure and allows patients to tolerate it better for a more complete procedure ."
816,Abstract #816,"evaluate cost-effectiveness of penetrating keratoplasty ( PK ) , femtosecond laser-assisted Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty ( FS-DSEK ) , and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty ( DSAEK ) . analysis based on data from a randomized multicenter clinical trial and a noncomparative prospective study . of 118 patients with corneal endothelial dysfunction were analyzed in the economic evaluation . patients were included in the PK group , 36 in the FS-DSEK group , and 42 in the DSAEK group . primary incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( ICER ) was the incremental costs per clinically improved patient , defined as a patient with a combined effectiveness of both a clinically improved BSCVA ( defined as an improvement of at least 2 lines ) and a clinically acceptable refractive astigmatism ( defined as less than or equal to 3.0 diopters ) . was based on a 1-year follow-up period after transplantation . percentage of treated patients who met the combined effectiveness measures was 52 % for DSAEK , 44 % for PK , and 43 % for FS-DSEK . total costs per patient were 6674 ( US$ 7942 ) , 12 443 ( US$ 14 807 ) , and 7072 ( US$ 8416 ) in the PK group , FS-DSEK group , and DSAEK group , respectively . was less effective and more costly compared to both DSAEK and PK . was more costly but also more effective compared to PK , resulting in incremental costs of 4975 ( US$ 5920 ) per additional clinically improved patient . results of this study show that FS-DSEK was not cost-effective compared to PK and DSAEK . , on the other hand , was more costly but also more effective compared to PK . societal costs , a longer follow-up period and preparation of the lamellar transplant buttons in a national cornea bank could improve the cost-effectiveness of DSAEK ."
817,Abstract #817,"nutrition ( IMN ) support before and after surgery has the potential to promote host defense , antitumor activities , and wound healing . purpose of this study was to examine the nutritional , immunologic , and wound healing outcomes in patients receiving IMN versus standard formula . prospective , blinded , randomized design was used for this study . patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma received either an IMN formula ( treatment group ) or a standard stress formula ( relative comparison group [ RCG ] ) for a period of 7 days pre - and postoperatively . and prealbumin were measured at baseline , day of surgery ( DOS ) , and postoperative day ( POD ) 1 , 4 , and 8 . outcomes included C-reactive protein and total lymphocyte count with lymphocyte subset counts ( CD3 , CD4 , CD8 , CD4 :8 ratio , CD19 , CD56 ) at baseline , DOS , POD1 , 4 , and 8 . immunity was evaluated by delayed-type hypersensitivity . healing was assessed using the ASEPSIS tool . + and CD4 + T cells demonstrated a significant difference between groups on POD 1 ( P = .03 for both ) and CD56 NK cells on POD 8 ( P = .04 ) . general , wounds healed without complications except for tracheoesophageal fistula development in two patients in the RCG . trend toward less immune suppression in patients receiving IMN is supported in this study ."
818,Abstract #818,"the occasional reports of unexpectedly poor ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( COH ) for IVF in young normally cyclic women in mind , we studied age-related ovarian response to COH in a group of women who underwent standard IVF . response to COH was defined as the number of follicles > or = 14 mm on the day of hCG administration . response to COH was analysed by multiple regression analysis with woman 's age and basal FSH concentration as explanatory variables in a prospective cohort of patients with idiopathic and mild male factor subfertility ( n = 85 ) , and additionally in a large retrospective cohort of women with unexplained , mild male and tubal subfertility ( n = 1155 ) , with age as explanatory variable . response to COH was associated significantly with age ( P < 0.001 ) and basal FSH concentration ( P = 0.002 ) . , in women with idiopathic or mild male subfertility , in both cohorts the relationship took the form of an inverted U-shape with both older and -- surprisingly -- young women having a reduced ovarian response ( P < 0.001 ) . ovarian response was around the age of 28 years . women with tubal infertility , there was only a linear decline of ovarian response with age . is hypothesized that diminished ovarian response to COH in IVF is the very first sign of ovarian ageing in young women diagnosed with idiopathic and mild male subfertility ."
819,Abstract #819,"evaluate the safety and efficacy of abatacept during 2 years of the ATTAIN ( Abatacept Trial in Treatment of Anti-TNF INadequate responders ) trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis . completing the 6-month , double-blind period were eligible to enter the long-term extension ; patients received abatacept approximately 10 mg/kg , plus disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs . and efficacy ( American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) criteria responses , DAS28 ( C-reactive protein ) , HAQ-DI , SF-36 , Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Problems Index , fatigue VAS ) were assessed through 2 years . patients ( 218 from the abatacept and 99 from the placebo group ) entered and 222 ( 70 % ) completed 18 months of long-term extension treatment . incidence and type of adverse events were consistent between the double-blind and cumulative ( double-blind plus long-term extension ) periods . of serious adverse events were 25.6 and 23.4 per 100 patient-years in the double-blind versus cumulative period . 6 months and 2 years , using non-responder analyses , ACR responses in abatacept-treated patients were : ACR 20 , 59.4 % and 56.2 % ; ACR 50 , 23.5 % and 33.2 % ; ACR 70 , 11.5 % and 16.1 % ; HAQ-DI responses were 54.4 % and 47.9 % . 6 months and 2 years , using post-hoc as-observed analyses , the percentage of patients ( 95 % confidence interval ) achieving DAS28 ( C-reactive protein ) low disease activity score ( < or = 3.2 ) and DAS28 ( C-reactive protein ) - defined remission ( < 2.6 ) increased from 18.3 % ( 13.0 , 23.5 ) to 32.0 % ( 24.6 , 39.4 ) and 11.1 % ( 6.8 , 15.3 ) to 20.3 % ( 13.9 , 26.6 ) . meaningful improvements in SF-36 , pain , fatigue and sleep problems were also maintained throughout the 2 years of abatacept treatment . unique safety observations were reported during open-label exposure . in the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis , physical function and health-related quality of life observed after 6 months , were maintained throughout the 2 years in this population with difficult-to-treat disease . ."
820,Abstract #820,"analyses of TOP2A and HER2 in the Danish Breast Cancer Coopererative Group ( DBCG ) trial 89D suggested that TOP2A amplifications and possible also deletions are predictive markers for the effect of adjuvant epirubicin in patients with primary breast cancer . present an updated and extended statistical analysis , requested for IVD-labeling of TOP2A testing . the DBCG trial 89D 980 Danish patients were randomly assigned to nine cycles of intravenous CMF ( cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , and fluorouracil ) or CEF ( cyclophosphamide , epirubicin , and fluorouracil ) . tumor tissue was collected retrospectively from 806 of these patients in a prospectively designed , biological sub-study , and was successfully analyzed for TOP2A aberrations and HER2 status in 773 samples ( 96 % ) . survival ( RFS ) was the primary endpoint . aberrations ( amplifications and deletions ) were significantly associated with shorter RFS ( p < 0.0001 ) and overall survival ( OS ) ( p < 0.0001 ) . cases had worse prognosis than amplified cases . a Cox proportional hazard model TOP2A was an independent prognostic marker for RFS and OS . with amplifications had a 61 % reduction in the risk of an event ( p = 0.002 ) and a 51 % reduction in the risk of death ( p = 0.01 ) if allocated to CEF compared to 6 % and 10 % in TOP2A normal patients . similar but non-significant trend ( p = 0.08 ) was shown in patients with TOP2A deletions . statistical evidence of a differential benefit , favoring CEF among patients with TOP2A aberrations was found for RFS ( p = 0.02 for interaction ) but not for OS ( p = 0.14 for interaction ) . conclusion , this updated analysis of TOP2A aberrations in DBCG trial 89D suggests a differential benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer , favoring treatment with epirubicin in patients with TOP2A amplifications , and perhaps deletions . studies are needed to clarify the exact importance of TOP2A deletions on outcome , but deletions have proven to be associated with a very poor prognosis ."
821,Abstract #821,"analyze by meta-analysis the results of randomized controlled clinical trials on the efficacy of estrogen treatment in menopausal patients with urinary incontinence . . controlled clinical trials , published from January 1965 to December 1996 , on estrogen therapy in patients with urinary incontinence , were selected . included : trials with placebo vs estrogen therapy , studies on menopausal patients with confirmed diagnosis of urinary incontinence based on clinical and/or urodynamic tests , studies with sufficient statistical informations on the results obtained and with information about subjective and objective outcome . of 72 articles reviewed , 7 were selected and only 4 were considered on the basis of the requested criteria . outcome was statistically different in patients treated with estrogen therapy compared with patients treated with placebo . clinical and urodynamic outcome was not statistically different in the two types of treatment ( estrogen vs placebo treatment ) . were few published randomized controlled studies on estrogen therapy in patients with urinary incontinence in medical literature . results between subjective and objective outcome showed by meta-analysis , could be explained either by an estrogen induced unperceivable improvement not registered by clinical and instrumental parameters or by insufficient systems used to collect subjective data . , it is suggested that , for future research , randomized controlled clinical trials on topical or transcutaneous systemic estrogen treatment with a more than 6 months follow-up will be carry out ."
822,Abstract #822,"evaluate the changes in anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies ( anti-CCP ) and rheumatoid factor ( RF ) following etanercept treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis . study included 90 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who failed treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs ( DMARDs ) . patients were allowed to continue treatment with DMARDs ; 52 of them received etanercept as a twice weekly 25 mg subcutaneous injection for three months , and the others did not . samples were collected at baseline and one month intervals during the treatment course . serum levels of anti-CCP and RF were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and nephelometry , respectively . baseline , 45 of the 52 etanercept treated patients ( 86.5 % ) and 32 of the 38 controls ( 84.2 % ) were positive for anti-CCP . for RF were positive in 78.9 % and 84.2 % of patients with or without etanercept treatment , respectively . serum levels of anti-CCP and RF decreased significantly after a three month etanercept treatment ( p = 0.007 and p = 0.006 , respectively ) . average decrease from baseline calculated for each individual patient in the etanercept treated group was 31.3 % for anti-CCP and 36 % for RF . variation in anti-CCP was positively correlated with the variation in disease activity , swollen and tender joint counts , RF , and C reactive protein . combined with DMARDs leads to a much greater decrease than DMARDs alone in the serum levels of anti-CCP and RF in rheumatoid arthritis , compatible with a reduction in clinical disease activity ."
823,Abstract #823,"traditional herbal medicinal formula Da-Cheng-Qi decoction ( DCQD ) has long been used to treat pancreatitis in China ; however , the underlying mechanisms remain unclear . investigate whether DCQD is beneficial to the patients with lung injury in severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP ) ; if it is , then to explore the lung protective effect of DCQD and the mechanism involved in rats . was enema administered to 70 patients for 7 days . , ( multi ) organ failure during admission were observed , blood samples for laboratory analysis were drawn on admission , on Days 3 , 7 , and 14 of the treatment . also experimentally examined the function of two doses of DCQD in SAP rat models . , IL-6 , and IL-10 mRNA expression in rat lungs was measured quantitatively by the RT-PCR method and confirmed by morphometric studies of the lungs . was demonstrated that the administration of DCQD did shorten the average time that patients suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) . with untreated rats , the lungs of rats treated with DCQD showed significantly lower levels of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 and IL-6 mRNA . treated with DCQD had lower mean pathological lung lesion scores than those in SAP rats . has good prospects in the treatment for SAP because it did shorten the average time that patients suffered ARDS in the clinic . exerts therapeutic effects on this disease through inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators , decreasing the anti-inflammatory factors , and mitigating the pathological damage of the lung injury in SAP model ."
824,Abstract #824,"( AL ) has been adopted as the treatment of choice for uncomplicated malaria in Kenya and other countries in the region . artemether/lumefantrine tablets are highly effective and safe for the treatment of infants and children weighing between five and 25 kg with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria . , oral paediatric formulations are urgently needed , as the tablets are difficult to administer to young children , who can not swallow whole tablets or tolerate the bitter taste of the crushed tablets . randomized , controlled , open-label trial was conducted comparing day 28 PCR corrected cure-rates in 245 children aged 6-59 months , treated over three days with either six-dose of artemether/lumefantrine tablets ( Coartem ) or three-dose of artemether/lumefantrine suspension ( Co-artesiane ) for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in western Kenya . children were followed-up with clinical , parasitological and haematological evaluations over 28 days . three percent ( 124/133 ) and 90 % ( 121/134 ) children in the AL tablets and AL suspension arms respectively completed followed up . per protocol analysis revealed a PCR-corrected parasitological cure rate of 96.0 % at Day 28 in the AL tablets group and 93.4 % in the AL suspension group , p = 0.40 . drugs effectively cleared gametocytes and were well tolerated , with no difference in the overall incidence of adverse events . once daily three-dose of artemether-lumefantrine suspension ( Co-artesiane ( R ) ) was not superior to six-dose artemether-lumefantrine tablets ( Coartem ) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children below five years of age in western Kenya ."
825,Abstract #825,"study the effect of luteal phase support protocol on cycle outcome and luteal phase hormone profile , in long agonist protocol intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) cycles . randomized trial . infertility center . hundred seventy-four women undergoing first ICSI cycles were randomized after ovum pickup into three groups of luteal support . I received IM P ( P ( 4 ) ) only , group II received P ( 4 ) + oral E ( 2 ) valerate , group III received P ( 4 ) + hCG . rate ( PR ) , implantation rate , rates of multiple pregnancy and miscarriage , and midluteal serum E ( 2 ) and P ( 4 ) , and midluteal E ( 2 ) :P ( 4 ) ratio . PR and implantation rates were significantly higher in group II compared to group I and the miscarriage rate was significantly lower in group II compared with group I. Midluteal E ( 2 ) was significantly higher in group II compared with group I. decline in E ( 2 ) after ovum pickup was lowest in group II , highest in group I. midluteal E ( 2 ) :P ( 4 ) ratio was significantly higher in group II compared with groups I and III . E ( 2 ) luteal phase supplementation in long GnRH-agonist ( GnRH-a ) protocol ICSI cycles resulted in better cycle outcome and better luteal phase hormone profile ."
826,Abstract #826,"aim of this clinical trial was to compare the effects of three oral sprays containing chlorhexidine ( CHX ) , benzydamine hydrochloride ( B-HCl ) , and CHX plus B-HCl ( CHX/B-HCl ) on plaque and gingivitis . periodontally healthy volunteers , randomly divided into three spray groups , refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene measures for 7 days and , instead , used one of the randomly assigned sprays twice daily . plaque index ( PI ) , gingival index ( GI ) , and gingival bleeding time index ( GBTI ) were assessed at days 0 and 7 . effects were also evaluated . all groups , PI , GI , and GBTI showed significant increases from the baseline to day 7 . were no significant side effects for B-HCl spray and CHX spray at day 7 , but , for CHX/B-HCl , burning sensation significantly increased from the baseline . all parameters , there were significant differences between B-HCl and CHX/B-HCl and between B-HCl and CHX , but no significant differences were observed between CHX/B-HCl and CHX . addition , a significant difference was found between CHX/B-HCl and CHX with regard to burning sensation . results indicate that both CHX and CHX/B-HCl sprays have equal clinical effectiveness , but only B-HCl spray has less anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effects . , CHX/B-HCl spray causes more side effects ."
827,Abstract #827,"osteoarthritis ( OA ) is prevalent and associated with both pain and functional disability . treatments aim to alleviate mild to moderate symptoms by various methods . capsaicin ( 0.075 % and 0.05 % ) has been evaluated for the treatment of the painful joints . burning sensation was the most common side effect at these strengths . , the authors aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 0.0125 % capsaicin gel ( Capsika gel ) compared to a placebo ( the vehicle gel ) in patients with symptomatic OA knee . was a cross-over ; double blinded , randomized , controlled trial of 100 patients with mild to moderate knee OA . of the patients received either capsaicin gel or placebo gel applied to the affected knee , three times daily for 4 weeks with one week washout period after which the treatment switched to either capsaicin gel or placebo gel for the next 4 weeks . blinded examiner used the visual analog scale ( VAS ) and WOMAC score to do weekly assessments . averaged 61 years of age ( range , 44 to 82 ) . the enrollment phase , only female farmers presented . body weight and height was 62.97 + / - 10.25 kg and 1.54 + / - 0.053 m , respectively The respective baseline VAS and WOMAC score was 6.40 + / - 1.64 and 51.65 + / - 13.3 . severity of OA , according to the KL criteria was : 83 patients with grade 2 and 16 with grade 3 . respective mean difference of VAS and total WOMAC score in the capsaicin group vs. the placebo group was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) . mean difference of the WOMAC pain , stiffness and functional subscales in the capsaicin vs. the placebo group was also significant ( p < 0.05 ) . only adverse event reported was a burning sensation . the 4-week treatment with capsaicin , approximately 67 % of patients had a burning sensation but none withdrew for this reason . % capsaicin gel was an effective treatment in mildly to moderately painful OA knees . burning sensation reported by patients in the capsaicin group was less disturbing than in previous studies and none of the present patients withdrew for this reason ."
828,Abstract #828,"from cyclosporine to azathioprine after renal transplantation has been shown to be beneficial in terms of allograft function , cardiovascular risk factor profile , and the incidence of gout . higher incidence of acute rejection , however , has also been reported and uncertainty still exists about the long-term outcome after conversion . report on the extended follow-up of an open-label , randomized trial that examined conversion to azathioprine as early as three months after transplantation . hundred twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this single-center study . months after transplantation they were randomly assigned to continue cyclosporine treatment ( N = 68 ) , or they were converted to azathioprine ( N = 60 ) . steroid dose was temporarily increased in the patients who were converted . survival was not different in the two groups . survival tended to be lower ( 64.7 % vs. 76.5 % at 15 years ) in the cyclosporine continuation group ( P = 0.14 ) when data were analyzed on an intention to treat basis . graft survival of the patients that stayed on their assigned treatment was significantly higher in the azathioprine arm , starting at two years ' post-transplantation . glomerular filtration rate was significantly higher in the patients who were converted to azathioprine . allograft biopsies were taken from patients remaining on cyclosporine for suspicion of cyclosporine-related nephrotoxicity and prompted a high rate of late conversions ( 19 % ) . relative risk of chronic allograft nephropathy was significantly higher in the group that continued cyclosporine [ relative risk , 4.3 ( 95 % CI , 1.4 to 12.9 ) ; P = 0.009 ] . to azathioprine reduced the need of blood pressure and lipid-lowering drugs . to a calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppressive regiment three months after renal transplantation improved allograft function , reduced the need of cardiovascular risk factor-controlling medication , and reduced the incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy ."
829,Abstract #829,"cardiac glycoside cardiotoxicity after ingestion of yellow oleander seeds is an important problem in rural areas of Sri Lanka . , patients must be transferred to the capital for temporary cardiac pacing . did a randomised controlled trial to investigate whether anti-digoxin Fab could reverse serious oleander-induced arrhythmias . a preliminary dose-finding study , 66 patients who presented to hospital with a serious cardiac arrhythmia were randomised to receive either 1200 mg of anti-digoxin Fab or a saline placebo . 12-lead electrocardiogram , 3 min rhythm strip , and blood sample for measurement of electrolytes and cardiac glycosides were taken before treatment and at 12 timepoints thereafter . patients received anti-digoxin Fab and 32 received placebo . presenting arrhythmia had resolved completely after 2 h in 15 antibody-treated patients and two controls ( p < 0.001 ) ; 24 and five patients , respectively , were in sinus rhythm at 8 h ( p < 0.001 ) . analysis of time to first reversal showed a significant response to anti-digoxin Fab . heart rate increased in cases , from 49.1 per min at baseline to 66.8 at 2 h , but not in controls ( 50.6 per min at baseline to 51.5 ; p < 0.001 ) . serum potassium concentrations decreased from 4.9 mmol/L to 4.1 mmol/L at 2 h in cases ; no such decrease occurred in controls . Fab fragments are a safe and effective treatment for serious cardiac arrhythmias induced by yellow oleander . use in small rural hospitals in Sri Lanka should minimise costly transfer of patients and reduce the numbers of deaths ; however , further study will be required to confirm this reduction ."
830,Abstract #830,"compare the efficacy of traditional double latex gloving with that of a highly cut-resistant polyester/stainless steel wire weave glove ( PSSWWG ) over a single latex inner glove for the prevention of perforation of the inner latex glove . primary surgeon and first assistant were involved in a prospective randomized study . I consisted of twenty-five procedures in which double latex gloves were used . II consisted of twenty-five procedures in which a PSSWWG liner was worn over an inner latex glove . inner gloves were tested for perforations ; all gloves exchanged that were presumed to have a perforation were noted and also tested . type and length of the procedure were recorded . dominant hand was recorded for all participants , along with their comments on the PSSWWG liner 's performance . Trauma Service , Hospital for Special Surgery . York . operative cases , November 1996 to February 1997 . latex glove perforations . the use of PSSWWG liners , the percentage of inner gloves found with a perforation dropped from 19 percent in the double latex group to 15 percent in the PSSWWG liner group ( not statistically significant , p = 0.4 ) . thirds of the perforations were in the primary surgeon 's gloves , located in either the index finger or thumb . 80 percent of all perforations went unrecognized in both groups . percent of all perforations were in gloves that had been in use for more than 120 minutes ( statistically significant , p = 0.01 ) . particular cut-resistant glove studied ( Sceptor ) did not significantly reduce the rate of inner glove perforations . studies with different cut-resistant glove types and protocols have proven the liners effective . would still recommend using outer cloth or cut-resistant type gloves when bone fragments are being manipulated or when using sharp implants or saws . a minimum , surgical gloves should be changed every two hours ."
831,Abstract #831,"evaluate and compare retrobulbar hemodynamic changes measured with color Doppler imaging ( CDI ) in diabetic patients receiving intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide ( IVTA ) versus bevacizumab . with diffuse diabetic macular edema were assessed prospectively by CDI following intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( group I , 12 eyes ) versus bevacizumab ( group II , 14 eyes ) . was used to measure the peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) , end diastolic velocity ( EDV ) and the resistive index ( RI ) of the central retinal artery ( CRA ) , ophthalmic artery ( OA ) and posterior ciliary arteries ( PCA ) one day preoperatively and one week postoperatively . group I , EDV of OA and CRA decreased significantly ( p = 0.007 and 0.018 , respectively ) . PSV and RI of PCA decreased significantly ( p = 0.035 and 0.002 , respectively ) . group II , both the PSV and EDV of the CRA decreased significantly ( p = 0.000 ) . the percentage of change in both groups , PSV of the CRA decreased significantly in group II ( p = 0.034 ) , while IVTA has more significant effect on the ophthalmic artery hemodynamic parameters as EDV decreased and RI increased significantly ( p = 0.045 and 0.043 , respectively ) injections of triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab have a significant effect on the ocular hemodynamic . effect of bevacizumab is statistically significant on the PSV of CRA compared to IVTA ."
832,Abstract #832,"evaluate the influence of the shape of the needle tip on postdural puncture headache ( PDPH ) independent of the needle diameter , a 25-gauge Whitacre and a 25-gauge Quincke needle were compared . a prospective , randomized , double-blind fashion , the study was carried out on 400 patients who received spinal anesthesia for operations of the lower extremities . 25-gauge Whitacre needle ( group 1 ) and the 25-gauge Quincke needle ( group 2 ) were randomly assigned to the patients , 200 in each group . were interviewed postoperatively on days 1 , 3 , 5 , and 7 using a standardized questionnaire . postural headache was defined as PDPH . intensity of both postural and nonpostural headache were quantified using a 4-point rating scale and a visual analog pain scale ( VAS ) . analysis was performed with parametric and nonparametric tests when appropriate , p < or = 0.05 was considered as significant . were no differences in age and sex distribution between the two groups . more patients in group 2 ( 8.5 % ) complained of PDPH than in group 1 ( 3 % , p < or = 0.02 ) . of PDPH ranged from 1-3 days ( median : 1 ) in group 1 , and from 1-9 days ( median : 3 ) in group 2 . difference closely approached significance ( p = 0.058 ) . mean maximal intensity of PDPH was comparable in both groups . PDPH occurred only in two patients of group 2 . of them required a blood patch . respect to the nonpostural headache , no significant differences were seen . use of a conical tipped Whitacre needle results in significantly less PDPH compared to a standard Quincke spinal needle of the same size ."
833,Abstract #833,"aim of this study was to compare bone mineral density ( BMD ) and biochemical markers of bone turnover in patients receiving long-term alendronate therapy who continued alendronate , were switched to raloxifene , or discontinued antiresorptive therapy . ambulatory women who were diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis and treated with alendronate ( 10 mg/d ) for a mean period of 43 months were randomized to double-blind raloxifene ( 60 mg/d ; n = 33 ) , placebo ( n = 33 ) , or continuation of open-label alendronate ( n = 33 ) for 12 months . continued their assigned treatment in a subsequent 12-month , open-label extension phase . patients received supplemental calcium ( 500 mg/d ) and vitamin D ( 800 IU/d ) . ( lumbar spine , total femur , femoral neck , distal forearm , and total body ) and biochemical markers ( serum intact amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen , type 1 collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide , and osteocalcin ) were measured at baseline and follow-up visits . of alendronate therapy resulted in a decrease in lumbar spine BMD at 12 months ( -2.66 % ; P < 0.05 ) , but did not change total femur BMD ( +0.35 % ; nonsignificant ) . and alendronate , compared with discontinuation , prevented lumbar spine BMD loss ( -0.75 % and -0.54 % at 12 months , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) . and alendronate caused a similar increase in total femur BMD at 12 months ( 1.45 % and 1.56 % ; both P < 0.05 vs. baseline ; nonsignificant vs. discontinuation ) . , who discontinued alendronate therapy experienced an increase in bone turnover . turnover increases were less pronounced in patients taking raloxifene and were absent in those who continued alendronate . the three groups , mean bone turnover in raloxifene patients was the closest to premenopausal mean values . preservation and increase were most pronounced in patients continuing alendronate . treatment , compared with placebo , demonstrated beneficial effects on BMD and bone turnover after discontinuation of long-term alendronate therapy ."
834,Abstract #834,"assess whether therapy to achieve both a disease activity score in 28 joints ( DAS28 ) less than 2.6 and matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) 3 normalisation offers better outcomes than either target alone in early rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) at 56 weeks : Treating to Twin Targets ( T-4 ) Study . early RA patients were randomly allocated to one of four strategy groups : routine care ( R group ; n = 62 ) ; DAS28-driven therapy ( D group ; n = 60 ) ; MMP-3-driven therapy ( M group ; n = 60 ) ; or both DAS28 and MMP-3-driven therapy group ( twin ; T group ; n = 61 ) . was started with sulfasalazine ( 1 g/day ) in all intervention groups . were DAS28 less than 2.6 for the D group , MMP-3 normalisation for the M group and both DAS28 less than 2.6 and MMP-3 normalisation for the T group . the value in question did not fall below the previously measured level , medication was intensified , including methotrexate , other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological agents . , secondary and outcome measures consisted of the proportions of patients showing clinical remission ( DAS28 < 2.6 ) , radiographic non-progression ( modified total Sharp score 0.5 ) , normal physical function ( modified health assessment questionnaire score 0 ) , or comprehensive disease remission defined as the combination of clinical remission , radiographic non-progression and normal physical function . remission at 56 weeks was achieved by more patients in the T group ( 56 % ) than in the R group ( p < 0.0005 ) or M group ( p < 0.0005 ) . of the T-4 Study reveal that a twin target strategy can achieve a high clinical remission rate in early RA ."
835,Abstract #835,"assess the efficacy of sequential treatment with lamivudine and interferon-alpha monotherapies in Chinese patients with hepatitis B e antigen ( HBeAg ) - negative chronic hepatitis B. hundred and sixty-two patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B were included in this study . were treated with lamivudine alone ( 100 mg per day ) for 48 weeks ( group B ) . were treated with lamivudine alone ( 100 mg per day ) for 20 weeks , then combined with interferon-alpha-2b ( 5 million units three times per week ) for 4 weeks and then treated for another 24 weeks with interferon-alpha-2b alone ( 5 million units three times per week ) ( group A ) . patients were followed for an additional 24 weeks . 48 weeks of treatment , the percentage of patients with normalization of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) levels or hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA levels below 1000 copies/mL was not significantly different between the lamivudine monotherapy group ( 55.10 % and 55.10 % , respectively ) and the sequential treatment group ( 59.36 % and 56.25 % , respectively ) . percentage of patients with normalized ALT levels was significantly higher in group A ( 53 % ) than in group B ( 36 % ) at week 72 ( P < 0.05 ) . percentage of patients with lamivudine-resistant mutations was significantly higher with lamivudine monotherapy ( 22.45 % ) than with sequential therapy ( P < 0.05 ) . treatment of chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine and interferon-alpha monotherapies is as effective as lamivudine-alone treatment in Chinese patients . , sequential treatment can significantly suppress the emergence of lamivudine-resistant mutations ."
836,Abstract #836,"glossodynia is generally considered a disease with profound psychical involvement . , psychodiagnostic studies on this disease have been rare . patients usually have low emotional self-reference , are focused on their physical complaints and refuse a psychosomatic attribute . , the doctor-patient relationship is often complicated , which impedes the initiation of an adequate therapy . patients diagnosed to have glossodynia or orofascial pain syndrome were examined within the psychosomatic consultation-liaison service of two dermatological hospitals . Coping with Skin Disease Questionnaire ( CSD ) and the Symptom Check List ( SCL-90R ) were used as test inventory . with glossodynia were compared with other dermatological patients in the consultation-liaison service ( n = 356 ) and with the standard random sample of the SCL-90R . comparing the test inventories it was found that glossodynia patients appeared particularly `` inconspicious '' on nearly all dimensions . with the standard random sample of the SCL-90R ( n = 1006 ) higher values were only observed for the scores `` somatization '' and `` anxiety '' . on the two psychological test inventories , no indication of depression was found , which is often suspected in glossodynia patients . appears that psychosomatic ( accompanying ) symptoms in these individuals are not sufficiently assessed by many psychological test instruments ."
837,Abstract #837,"impact of medical comorbidity on the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine in elderly patients with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) was investigated in this study . were obtained from a multicentre , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in 311 patients with MDD aged 65-89 . primary outcome measure was a prespecified composite cognitive score based on four cognitive tests : ( i ) Verbal Learning and Recall Test ; ( ii ) Symbol Digit Substitution Test ; ( iii ) 2-Digit Cancellation Test and ( iv ) Letter-Number Sequencing Test . measures included the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) , 17-Item Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD17 ) , Clinical Global Impression-Severity ( CGI-S ) Scale , Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS ) for pain and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey ( SF-36 ) . measures included adverse events reported as the reason for discontinuation and treatment-emergent adverse events ( TEAEs ) . consistency of the effect of duloxetine vs. placebo comparing patients with and without medical comorbidity ( vascular disease , diabetes , arthritis or any of these ) was investigated . , duloxetine 60 mg/day demonstrated significantly greater improvement compared with placebo for the composite cognitive score , GDS and HAMD17 total scores , CGI-Severity , HAMD17 response and remission rates , and some of the SF-36 and VAS measures . were few significant treatment-by-comorbidity subgroup interactions for these efficacy variables , or for adverse events reported as the reason for discontinuation and common TEAEs . present analyses suggested that the efficacy of duloxetine on cognition and depression in elderly patients , and its tolerability , were not largely affected by the comorbidity status . results further support the use of duloxetine in elderly patients with MDD ."
838,Abstract #838,"coupled with coagulopathy remains the leading cause of preventable in-hospital deaths among trauma patients . of a transfusion protocol with a predefined ratio of 1:1:1 ( 1 each of red blood cells [ RBC ] , frozen plasma [ FP ] and platelets ) has been associated with improved survival in retrospective studies in military and civilian settings , but such a protocol has its challenges and may increase the risk of respiratory complications . conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility of a 1:1:1 transfusion protocol and its effect on mortality and complications among patients with severe trauma . included 78 patients seen in a tertiary trauma centre between July 2009 and October 2011 who had hypotension and bleeding and were expected to need massive transfusion ( 10 RBC units in 24 h ) . randomly assigned them to either the fixed-ratio ( 1:1:1 ) transfusion protocol ( n = 40 ) or to a laboratory-results-guided transfusion protocol ( control ; n = 38 ) . primary outcome , feasibility , was assessed in terms of blood product ratios and plasma wastage . was measured based on 28-day mortality and survival free of acute respiratory distress syndrome . , a transfusion ratio of 1:1:1 was achieved in 57 % ( 21/37 ) of patients in the fixed-ratio group , as compared with 6 % ( 2/32 ) in the control group . ratio of 1:1 ( RBC : FP ) was achieved in 73 % ( 27/37 ) in the fixed-ratio group and 22 % ( 7/32 ) in the control group . wastage was higher with the intervention protocol ( 22 % [ 86/390 ] of FP units v. 10 % [ 30/289 ] in the control group ) . 28-day mortality and number of days free of acute respiratory distress syndrome were statistically similar between the groups . fixed-ratio transfusion protocol was feasible in our study , but it was associated with increased plasma wastage . randomized trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of such a protocol in trauma care . , no . ."
839,Abstract #839,"smoking impairs peripheral endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and acute tissue plasminogen activator ( t-PA ) release in man . aim of the study was to determine if this endothelial dysfunction is , in part , mediated by the effects of nicotine . flow and plasma fibrinolytic factors were measured in both forearms of eight healthy male non-smokers during unilateral brachial artery infusion of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator , substance P ( 2 to 8 pmol/min ) . vasodilatation was assessed using intra-arterial infusion of sodium nitroprusside ( 2 to 8 microg/min ) . attended after 7 days treatment with transdermal nicotine or placebo in a double blind randomised crossover design . cotinine concentrations rose from 0.4 + / -0.1 ( placebo ) to 125 + / -25 ng/ml during nicotine administration ( P < 0.001 ) . both treatment days , substance P caused dose-dependent increases in blood flow and plasma t-PA antigen and activity concentrations ( P < 0.001 for all ) but had no effect on plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ( PAI-1 ) concentrations . with placebo , nicotine administration increased the substance-P-induced release of t-PA antigen and activity ( P < 0.05 for both ) without an effect on endothelium-dependent or - independent vasodilatation . transdermal nicotine treatment does not affect endothelium-dependent vasomotion but does increase substance-P-induced t-PA release in vivo in man . suggests that nicotine administration alters specific aspects of endothelial function and enhances the acute endogenous fibrinolytic capacity in vivo . long-term effects of nicotine exposure , including the potential to cause depletion of endothelial t-PA stores , now needs to be assessed ."
840,Abstract #840,"spasms are a rare but devastating pediatric epilepsy that , outside the United States , is often treated with vigabatrin . authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of vigabatrin in children with recent-onset infantile spasms . 2-week , randomized , single-masked , multicenter study with a 3 - year , open-label , dose-ranging follow-up study included patients who were younger than 2 years of age , had a diagnosed duration of infantile spasms of no more than 3 months , and had not previously been treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone , prednisone , or valproic acid . were randomly assigned to receive low-dose ( 18-36 mg/kg/day ) or high-dose ( 100-148 mg/kg/day ) vigabatrin . responders were those who were free of infantile spasm for 7 consecutive days beginning within the first 14 days of vigabatrin therapy . to response to therapy was evaluated during the first 3 months , and safety was evaluated for the entire study period . , 32 of 142 patients who were able to be evaluated for efficacy were treatment responders ( 8/75 receiving low-dose vigabatrin vs 24/67 receiving high doses , p < 0.001 ) . increased dramatically after approximately 2 weeks of vigabatrin therapy and continued to increase over the 3-month follow-up period . to response was shorter in those receiving high-dose versus low-dose vigabatrin ( p = 0.04 ) and in those with tuberous sclerosis versus other etiologies ( p < 0.001 ) . was well tolerated and safe ; only nine patients discontinued therapy because of adverse events . results confirm previous reports of the efficacy and safety of vigabatrin in patients with infantile spasms , particularly among those with spasms secondary to tuberous sclerosis ."
841,Abstract #841,"compare the effectiveness of two stimulation protocols in non-polycystic ovary ( PCO ) high responders undergoing in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) . randomized trial . Reproductive Medicine and IVF Unit of a University Hospital and a private IVF Clinic . hundred-and-twelve normoovulatory women with good ovarian responsiveness were randomized to receive either the `` mild '' ( FSH 150IU/day from day 4 of a spontaneous cycle followed by GnRH-antagonist from day 8 ; n = 205 ) or the `` long '' ( FSH 150IU/day ; n = 207 ) stimulation protocol . outcome of these two regimens was compared including `` fresh '' and thawing cycles . total FSH dose and the peak estradiol level were significantly lower in the `` mild '' protocol , whereas the retrieved oocytes , fertilization rate , number and quality of embryos , pregnancy and implantation rates , cumulative `` fresh plus thaw '' success rate , and incidence of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were comparable with the two regimens . young , normoovulatory patients with good ovarian responsiveness undergoing IVF the `` mild '' stimulation protocol has effectiveness and risks comparable to the `` long '' protocol with low FSH starting dose , even when thawing cycles are included in the comparison ."
842,Abstract #842,"toxin injection for lateral canthal rhytids has been reported to result in dry eye , but its effect on tear film stability and tear production has not been studied thoroughly . investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A on tear film stability and tear production after treatment of lateral canthal rhytids . performed a clinical intervention study at a regional hospital in Taiwan of 58 women 30 to 60 years of age with lateral canthal rhytids from January 1 through December 31 , 2011 . toxin type A at 2 different preparations and doses ( dose A : 3 injections of 2 U in 0.05 mL of normal saline per injection ; dose B : 3 injections of 4 U in 0.05 mL of normal saline per injection ) was injected at the lateral canthal areas . eye of each study participant was randomly chosen for dose A , and the other eye received dose B. tear film break-up time ( TBUT ) and Schirmer tests without and with anesthesia were measured before and at 1 week , 1 month , 3 months , and 6 months after botulinum toxin injection . TBUT and Schirmer test results were compared between different periods and doses . TBUT decreased significantly at 1 week after botulinum toxin type A injection ( P = .003 ) , and the effect persisted at 1 month and 3 months after treatment ( P = .01 and .02 , respectively ) . younger participants , the TBUT recovered faster than in older patients . results of the Schirmer tests without and with anesthesia decreased gradually , with significant reduction at 1 month after treatment ( P = .05 and .02 , respectively ) and then recovered gradually . the TBUT and Schirmer test results decreased more in eyes that received dose B than in those that received dose A ; however , none of the differences were statistically significant . film stability decreased as early as 1 week after botulinum toxin type A treatment for lateral canthal rhytids , and the effect persisted for more than 3 months . production decreased to the trough at 1 month after treatment and then recovered gradually ."
843,Abstract #843,"complexity of clinical pharmacy services usually leads to an inconsistent or even poor description of their interventions in scientific reports . ensure comparability and reproducibility of the evidence , an in-depth description of pharmacist interventions is required . validate a new tool called DEPICT ( Descriptive Elements of Pharmacist Intervention Characterization Tool ) to characterize clinical pharmacy services . developed a 3-phase study . , to create a theoretical framework , an overview of systematic reviews was performed in PubMed between 2000 and 2010 . , an in-depth analysis of the included studies was carried out to identify a list of components in order to create the instrument . , 2 independent raters separately applied the tool to a random sample of 28 randomized clinical trials extracted from the systematic reviews . agreement was evaluated using PABAK ( prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted ) coefficient or intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC ) . included 49 systematic reviews in our overview . of these studies resulted in 58 intervention components , with 57 dichotomous variables and 1 discrete variable . items resulted in a preliminary version of the instrument . reliability analysis showed that 8 binary items of this version had a PABAK less than or equal to 0.60 . items were then excluded or modified , resulting in a final version of the tool , with 54 items organized into 12 domains . showed an average PABAK of 0.85 ( 95 % CI 0.81 to 0.88 ) and an ICC of 1.0 . items presented a PABAK value between 0.61 and 0.80 ( substantial agreement ) and 33 had a value between 0.81 and 1.0 ( almost perfect agreement ) . is a reproducible instrument for describing the components of pharmacist interventions performed as part of clinical pharmacy services . allows retrospective analysis of published studies and can be used as a reference guide to report pharmacist interventions in future studies ."
844,Abstract #844,"inferior petrosal sinus sampling ( BIPSS ) is a useful investigative technique in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing 's syndrome ( CS ) . diagnostic sensitivity of this procedure is improved by the administration of CRH to stimulate ACTH secretion . has been reported recently that the combined administration of CRH and desmopressin is a more potent stimulus for ACTH release from corticotroph adenomas . therefore hypothesized that the combined stimulation of ACTH secretion with CRH plus desmopressin may further improve the diagnostic outcome of this procedure . report our experience of the application of combined stimulation with CRH and desmopressin during BIPSS in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing 's syndrome , and to compare these results to those obtained in patients who have undergone BIPSS with CRH stimulation alone . studied 34 patients with ACTH-dependent CS : 30 with Cushing 's disease ( CD ) and four with occult ectopic ACTH syndrome ( oEAS ) . combined stimulation with CRH ( 100 micrograms i.v. ) plus desmopressin ( 10 micrograms i.v. ) during BIPSS was performed in 15 patients with CD , while in a different group of 15 patients with CD , BIPSS was performed with CRH stimulation alone ( 100 micrograms i.v. ) . the patients with oEAS , BIPSS was performed with CRH stimulation in three and CRH plus desmopressin in one patient . patients with CD the mean peak ACTH levels from the dominant petrosal sinus samples were significantly higher in the group given a combined stimulus than in the group who had only CRH stimulation ( mean + / - SD : 1649 + / - 938 vs. 692 + / - 561 ng/l , P < 0.05 ) . inferior petrosal sinus/peripheral ( IPS/P ) ACTH ratios greater than 2 were observed in 15/15 ( 100 % ) patients following the combined stimulation with CRH and desmopressin and 13/15 ( 87 % ) patients undergoing stimulation with CRH alone . patient with oEAS had an IPS/P ratio greater than 2 . is of note that the single patient with oEAS studied following a combined stimulation during BIPSS had a IPS/P ratio of less than 2 , despite a significant peripheral ACTH and cortisol response . combined stimulus using CRH and desmopressin appears to induce a higher ACTH output from pituitary corticotroph adenomas during BIPSS , which may improve the diagnostic sensitivity of this procedure ."
845,Abstract #845,"determine if 20 mL of 2 % intraurethral lidocaine gel is superior to 10 mL of 2 % lidocaine or sterile lubricant for flexible cystoscopy in men . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted . men scheduled to undergo diagnostic flexible cystoscopy were randomized to receive either 20 mL of placebo gel ( Group I ) , 10 mL , of 2 % lidocaine gel ( Group II ) or 20 mL of 2 % lidocaine gel ( Group III ) . penile clamp was applied for 15 minutes to ensure consistent indwelling time in all patients . recorded their pain on a 10-cm non-graphical visual analog scale prior to cystoscopy as a baseline , during the procedure , and immediately after the procedure . also recorded their pain and willingness to have the same anesthetic on a 4-point descriptive scale . rate and mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) were recorded at specific intervals throughout the procedure , and increases in mean arterial pressure were considered objective evidence of patient pain . perception was not statistically different in the groups ( Group I 4.65 , Group II 3.93 , Group III 3.57 ; P = 0.406 ) . assessment and willingness to have the same anesthetic also did not differ statistically among the groups . , differences in the increases in MAP were not statistically significant between groups . of 20 mL or 10 mL of 2 % lidocaine gel has no advantage over plain lubricant in providing anesthesia for flexible cystoscopy in men ."
846,Abstract #846,"dispositions are altered in critically ill patients , including ventilator-associated pneumonia ( VAP ) when compared with healthy subjects leading to fluctuations of plasma concentrations . compare the probability of target attainment ( PTA ) and cumulative fraction of response ( CFR ) for imipenem between administration by 0.5-hour and 2-hour infusions . present study was a randomized three-way crossover in nine patients with VAP Each patient received imipenem in three regimens consecutively : ( i ) a 0.5-hour infusion of 0.5 g every six hours for 24 hours ; ( ii ) a 2-hour infusion of 0.5 g every six hours for 24 hours ; and ( iii ) a 2-hour infusion of 1 g every six hours for 24 hours . Carlo simulation was performed to determine the PTA at various regimens and the study used susceptibility patterns obtained from EUCAST and MYSTIC for assessment of CFR . an MIC of 2 microg/ml , the PTAs achieving 40 % T > MIC following a 0.5-hour infusion of 0.5 g , a 2-hour infusion of 0.5 g , and a 2-hour infusion of 1 g were 90.93 % , 98.97 % , and 100 % , respectively . a 2-hour infusion of 1 g achieved 98.75 % of the PTA of 40 % T > MGC for an MIC of 4 microg/ml . regimens were predicted to achieve CFR > 99 % against E. coli and Klebsiella spp . 2-hour infusion of 1 g regimen was predicted to have the highest PTA rates . regimens achieved a high CFR against E. coli and Klebsiella spp ."
847,Abstract #847,"evaluated the efficacy of a primary care intervention targeting pregnant African American women and focusing on psychosocial and behavioral risk factors for poor reproductive outcomes ( cigarette smoking , secondhand smoke exposure , depression , and intimate partner violence ) . African American women ( N = 1044 ) were randomized to an intervention or usual care group . , individually tailored counseling sessions were adapted from evidence-based interventions . data were obtained for 850 women . imputation methodology was used to estimate missing data . measures were number of risks at baseline , first follow-up , and second follow-up and within-person changes in risk from baseline to the second follow-up . of risks did not differ between the intervention and usual care groups at baseline , the second trimester , or the third trimester . in the intervention group more frequently resolved some or all of their risks than did women in the usual care group ( odds ratio = 1.61 ; 95 % confidence interval = 1.08 , 2.39 ; P = .021 ) . comparison with usual care , a clinic-based behavioral intervention significantly reduced psychosocial and behavioral pregnancy risk factors among high-risk African American women receiving prenatal care ."
848,Abstract #848,"primary purpose of our study was to evaluate whether maintenance chemotherapy with paclitaxel/gemcitabine ( PG ) was superior to observation in improving progression-free survival ( PFS ) in patients with metastatic breast cancer ( MBC ) who achieved disease control with an initial six cycles of PG as their first-line treatment . study was a prospective , randomized , multicenter , phase III trial . MBC with who achieved disease control after six cycles of PG chemotherapy were randomly assigned to maintenance chemotherapy or observation until progression . 324 patients from 10 centers enrolled , 231 patients with MBC exhibited disease control ( complete response + partial response + stable disease ) with first-line PG and were randomly assigned to maintenance chemotherapy ( n = 116 ) or observation ( n = 115 ) . median age was 48 years ( range , 28 to 76 years ) , median follow-up was 33 months , and median number of chemotherapy cycles in the maintenance group after random assignment was six . median PFS time after random assignment was longer in the maintenance group than in the observation group ( 7.5 v 3.8 months , respectively ; P = .026 ) . median overall survival ( OS ) time was longer in the maintenance group than in the observation group ( 32.3 v 23.5 months , respectively ; P = .047 ) . rate of grade 3 or higher neutropenia after random assignment was higher in the maintenance group than in the observation group ( 61 % v 0.9 % , respectively ; P < .001 ) . patients with MBC who achieved disease control with an initial six cycles of PG chemotherapy , maintenance PG chemotherapy resulted in better PFS and OS compared with observation ."
849,Abstract #849,"compare the effects of BiPAP ventilation combined with lung recruitment maneuvers ( LRM ) with low tidal volume A/C ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) . prospective , randomized comparison of BiPAP mechanical ventilation combined with lung recruitment maneuvers ( test group ) with low tidal volume A/C ventilation ( control group ) was conducted in 28 patients with ARDS . ratio , respiratory system compliance ( Cs ) , central venous pressure ( CVP ) , duration of ventilation support were recorded at 0 h , 48 h and 72 h separately . ventilation associated lung injury and mortality at 28 d were also recorded . FiO2/PaO2 ratio were ( 298 + / -16 ) and ( 309 + / -16 ) cm H2O , Cs were ( 38.4 + / -2.2 ) and ( 42.0 + / -1.3 ) ml/cm H2O , CVP were ( 13.8 + / -0.8 ) and ( 11.6 + / -0.7 ) cm H2O in the test group at 48 h and 72 h separately . the control group , FiO2/PaO2 ratio were ( 212 + / -12 ) and ( 246 + / -17 ) cm H2O , Cs were ( 29.5 + / -1.3 ) and ( 29.0 + / -1.0 ) ml/cm H2O , CVP were 18.6 + / -1.1 and ( 16.8 + / -1.0 ) cm H2O . results were better in the test group as compared with the control group ( t = 10.03-29 .68 , all P < 0.01 ) . duration of ventilation support in the test group was shorter than the control group [ ( 14 + / -3 ) d vs ( 19 + / -3 ) d , t = 4.80 , P < 0.01 ] . mortality in 28 d and ventilation associated lung injury were similar in the two groups . results show that combination of LRM with BiPAP mode ventilation , as compared with the control group , contributes to improved FiO2/PaO2 ratio , pulmonary compliance , stable hemodynamic and shorter duration of ventilation support in patients with ARDS ."
850,Abstract #850,"level of anticoagulation in response to a fixed-dose regimen of warfarin is difficult to predict during the initiation of therapy . prospectively compared the effect of genotype-guided dosing with that of standard dosing on anticoagulation control in patients starting warfarin therapy . conducted a multicenter , randomized , controlled trial involving patients with atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism . for CYP2C9 * 2 , CYP2C9 * 3 , and VKORC1 ( -1639 GA ) was performed with the use of a point-of-care test . patients assigned to the genotype-guided group , warfarin doses were prescribed according to pharmacogenetic-based algorithms for the first 5 days . in the control ( standard dosing ) group received a 3-day loading-dose regimen . the initiation period , the treatment of all patients was managed according to routine clinical practice . primary outcome measure was the percentage of time in the therapeutic range of 2.0 to 3.0 for the international normalized ratio ( INR ) during the first 12 weeks after warfarin initiation . total of 455 patients were recruited , with 227 randomly assigned to the genotype-guided group and 228 assigned to the control group . mean percentage of time in the therapeutic range was 67.4 % in the genotype-guided group as compared with 60.3 % in the control group ( adjusted difference , 7.0 percentage points ; 95 % confidence interval , 3.3 to 10.6 ; P < 0.001 ) . were significantly fewer incidences of excessive anticoagulation ( INR 4.0 ) in the genotype-guided group . median time to reach a therapeutic INR was 21 days in the genotype-guided group as compared with 29 days in the control group ( P < 0.001 ) . dosing was associated with a higher percentage of time in the therapeutic INR range than was standard dosing during the initiation of warfarin therapy . Funded by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme and others ; ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01119300 . )"
851,Abstract #851,"administration of a local anesthetic is often painful . purpose of this study was to determine whether rapidly shaking and pinching the skin during local anesthetic administration decreases pain perception . skin at the intended site of lidocaine injection was rapidly pinched between the thumb and forefinger just before the injection . patients received no intervention . reported their pain perception using a visual analog scale ( 0 to 10 ) . the feasibility phase , patients were assigned to receive the pinching technique or no intervention , then randomized in the second phase . phase 1 , 34 patients received 42 excisions . was significantly reduced ( p = 0.001 ) in the treatment group . phase 2 , 69 patients had 91 excisions . adjusted for age and sex ( data combined from phases 1 and 2 ) , the treatment significantly reduced pain ( p = 0.03 ) when compared with no intervention . describe a simple , noninvasive technique that significantly lowered perceived pain during the administration of unbuffered lidocaine with epinephrine local anesthetic ."
852,Abstract #852,"human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) - infected individuals are not able to achieve a normal CD4 ( + ) T cell count despite prolonged , treatment-mediated viral suppression . conducted an intensification study to assess whether residual viral replication contributes to replenishment of the latent reservoir and whether mucosal HIV-specific T cell responses limit the reservoir size . treated subjects with CD4 ( + ) T cell counts of < 350 cells/mm ( 3 ) despite viral suppression for 1 year were randomized to add raltegravir ( 400 mg twice daily ) or matching placebo for 24 weeks . primary end points were the proportion of subjects with undetectable plasma viremia ( determined using an ultrasensitive assay with a lower limit of detection of < .3 copy/mL ) and a change in the percentage of CD38 ( + ) HLA-DR ( + ) CD8 ( + ) T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) . proportion of subjects with undetectable plasma viremia did not differ between the 2 groups ( P = .42 ) . intensification did not have a significant effect on immune activation or HIV-specific responses in PBMCs or gut-associated lymphoid tissue . viremia is not likely to be a significant cause of suboptimal CD4 ( + ) T cell gains during HIV treatment . ."
853,Abstract #853,"evaluate the effects of a brief educational program on beliefs , knowledge , and behaviors related to skin cancer control among internal medicine housestaff and attending physicians . controlled trial . academic general medicine practice . medicine housestaff and attending physicians with continuity clinics at the practice site . 1-hour educational seminars on skin cancer control conducted jointly by a general internist and a dermatologist . attitudes and beliefs about skin cancer control , ability to identify and make treatment decisions on 18 skin lesions , and knowledge of skin cancer risk factors were measured by a questionnaire before and after the teaching intervention . surveys of patients at moderate to high risk of skin cancer were conducted 1 month before and 1 month after the intervention to measure physician skin cancer control practices reported by patients . physicians completed baseline questionnaires and were enrolled in the study , 46 in the intervention group and 36 in the control group . physicians attended both sessions , 11 attended one , and 10 attended neither . , the percentage of physicians feeling adequately trained increased from 35 % to 47 % in the control group ( p = .34 ) and from 37 % to 57 % in the intervention group ( p = .06 ) . physicians had an absolute mean improvement in their risk factor identification score of 6.7 % , while control physicians ' mean score was unchanged ( p = .06 ) . and control physicians had similar increases in their postintervention lesion identification and management scores . , the mean proportion of patients per physician stating they were advised to watch their moles increased more among intervention physicians than control physicians ( absolute difference of 19 % vs -8 % , p = .04 ) . changes in behavior were not significant . we observed a few modest intervention effects , overall this brief skin cancer education intervention did not significantly affect primary care physicians ' skin cancer control attitudes , beliefs , knowledge , or behaviors . more intensive intervention with greater participation may be necessary to show a stronger impact on attitudes and knowledge about skin cancer control among primary care physicians ."
854,Abstract #854,"B vaccination failure has been linked to the presence of certain human leukocyte antigen class II alleles . , the functional background of these associations has remained unclear . component C 4 is encoded within the major histocompatibility complex and is essential for classical pathway activation . individuals ( n = 4269 ) were vaccinated in a prospective trial with Engerix B. Nonresponse was classified as anti-HBs < 10 U/l after the last vaccination . nonresponders ( NR ) ( 1.7 % ) were identified . comparison 53 responders ( R ) ( anti-HBs > 10 IU/l ) were drawn randomly from the same cohort . allotyping was carried out by high-voltage agarose gel electrophoresis and C4alpha-chain typing using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . gene deletions ( C4Del ) were studied by Southern blot . alleles were observed in 45/73 ( 62 % ) NR compared to 17/53 ( 32 % ) R ( P = 0.001 ) . was observed in 24/73 ( 33 % ) NR and in 6/52 ( 12 % ) R ( P = 0.006 ) . alleles were present in 21/49 ( 43 % ) NR without C4Del compared to 10/46 ( 22 % ) in R without C4Del ( P = 0.031 ) . a logistic regression with DRB1 * 0301 , DRB1 * 07 , DRB1 * 1301 and C4AQ0 all except for DRB1 * 0301 showed a significant association . shows a DRB1 * 0301 independent association with vaccine failure . alleles probably contribute to inefficient complement activation and failure of B cells to secrete anti-HBs ."
855,Abstract #855,"assess the relative bioavailability of a new subcutaneous ( SC ) diclofenac hydroxypropyl b-cyclodextrin ( HPbCD ) formulation administered to three body sites : quadriceps , gluteus , and abdomen . was a pilot , single-dose , randomized , three-way crossover relative bioavailability study . total of 12 healthy subjects received a single SC injection of diclofenac HPbCD 50 mg/1 mL in the quadriceps , gluteus , or abdomen . AUC was comparable after SC diclofenac HPbCD in the quadriceps , gluteus , and abdomen . Cmax was comparable after SC administration in the quadriceps or abdomen , and ~ 17 % higher in the gluteus . absorption was rapid ( 30 minutes ) after administration of the treatment at any site . treatment was well tolerated . relative bioavailability of SC diclofenac HPbCD was comparable when administered to the quadriceps , gluteus , and abdomen . new diclofenac formulation can therefore be administered subcutaneously to any of these sites without clinically significant differences . further adequately powered study would be necessary to reveal any differences among injection sites in terms of peak plasma concentration ."
856,Abstract #856,"leak syndrome is a life-threatening complication after cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) , with an incidence of about 4-37 % in children worldwide . the basis of previous results , we undertook a randomised controlled study to investigate the priming with plasma rich in the C4A isotype of complement component 4 on the incidence of capillary leak syndrome in children with C4A deficiency . a hospital in Wuhan , China , we randomly assigned 116 neonates , infants , and children lacking complement component C4A to receive C4A-free or C4A-rich plasma priming ( n = 58 each , 20 mL/kg ) . primary outcome was capillary leak syndrome , identified as an increased transvascular escape rate of Evans blue dye from plasma . of activated complement components C4 and C3 , inflammatory mediators interleukin 6 , interleukin 8 , tumour necrosis factor ( TNF ) alpha , plasma protein , and PaO2/F ( I ) O2 ratios ( ratio of the partial arterial pressure of oxygen to the fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air ) were measured before and 4 h after CPB . was by intention to treat . ( 5 % ) patients given C4A-rich plasma priming had capillary leak syndrome compared with 56 ( 97 % ) given C4A-free plasma ( p < 0.0001 ) . 4 h after CPB , activated C4 , interleukin 6 , interleukin 8 , and TNFalpha concentrations were higher , whereas PaO2/F ( I ) O2 ratios and plasma protein concentrations were significantly lower in the C4A-free group than changes in the C4A-rich group . C3 rose equally in both groups . C4 significantly correlated with interleukin 6 , interleukin 8 , and TNFalpha concentrations ; PaO2/F ( I ) O2 ratios ; and the escape rate of Evans blue dye at 4 h after CPB . patients in the C4A-free group died of respiratory and renal failure on day 3 after CPB . paediatric patients with C4A deficiency , C4A-rich plasma priming reduces the incidence of CPB-related capillary leak syndrome by blocking the activated C4 increase and attenuating the systemic inflammatory response after CPB ."
857,Abstract #857,"the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial , designed to test the hypothesis that suppression of ventricular ectopy after a myocardial infarction reduces the incidence of sudden death , patients in whom ventricular ectopy could be suppressed with encainide , flecainide , or moricizine were randomly assigned to receive either active drug or placebo . use of encainide and flecainide was discontinued because of excess mortality . examined the mortality and morbidity after randomization to encainide or flecainide or their respective placebo . 1498 patients , 857 were assigned to receive encainide or its placebo ( 432 to active drug and 425 to placebo ) and 641 were assigned to receive flecainide or its placebo ( 323 to active drug and 318 to placebo ) . a mean follow-up of 10 months , 89 patients had died : 59 of arrhythmia ( 43 receiving drug vs. 16 receiving placebo ; P = 0.0004 ) , 22 of nonarrhythmic cardiac causes ( 17 receiving drug vs. 5 receiving placebo ; P = 0.01 ) , and 8 of noncardiac causes ( 3 receiving drug vs. 5 receiving placebo ) . all cardiac deaths not due to arrhythmia were attributed to acute myocardial infarction with shock ( 11 patients receiving drug and 3 receiving placebo ) or to chronic congestive heart failure ( 4 receiving drug and 2 receiving placebo ) . were no differences between the patients receiving active drug and those receiving placebo in the incidence of nonlethal disqualifying ventricular tachycardia , proarrhythmia , syncope , need for a permanent pacemaker , congestive heart failure , recurrent myocardial infarction , angina , or need for coronary-artery bypass grafting or angioplasty . was an excess of deaths due to arrhythmia and deaths due to shock after acute recurrent myocardial infarction in patients treated with encainide or flecainide . events , however , were equally distributed between the active-drug and placebo groups . mechanisms underlying the excess mortality during treatment with encainide or flecainide remain unknown ."
858,Abstract #858,"growing use of totally implantable venous access devices ( TIVAD ) has caused the simultaneous increase of various complications . these , one of the most encountered is the infection of the subcutaneous pocket in which the device is positioned , or the infection of TIVAD itself . aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the antibiotic in the prevention of the infection of both the surgical site and the TIVAD within 30 days after the implant . authors enrolled one hundred eight consecutive patients divided into two randomized arms each of 54 patients : group A ( antibiotic ) , group B ( no antibiotic ) . patients were affected by solid tumors needing chemotherapy continuously . were implanted surgically in cephalic vein . the first , third , and seventh postoperative days , the following manifestations were considered as signs or symptoms of infection : pain , localized swelling , redness , and heat ; white blood cell count was performed in the in-hospital laboratory . temperatures were checked twice a day for 7 days . statistical analysis of the results was performed . sign of infection was recorded in both groups . temperatures and white blood cell counts remained within normal limits in both groups . month after the procedure no patients recorded any sign of skin infection or body temperature increase . study suggests that , following strict methods of pre - and postoperative care , TIVADs in patients with solid tumors may be surgically implanted without any antibiotic prophylaxis ."
859,Abstract #859,"objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the paravertebral block for inguinal herniorrhaphy by comparison with the well-established field block . patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy were randomly divided into two groups . A ( n = 15 ) received paravertebral block of the ipsilateral nerve roots of T12 , L1 , and L2 . B ( n = 15 ) received field block . block was evaluated in terms of the degree of patient discomfort associated with surgical manipulations , requirement for supplemental anesthetic , the degree of patient discomfort associated with block performance , and the overall degree of patient satisfaction . approaches were successful in blocking somatic sensory fibers . paravertebral approach showed a significantly higher success rate than the field block ( P < .01 ) , regarding frequency of pain relative to surgical manipulation of the spermatic cord , hernial sac , and also in terms of need to supplement the surgery with local anesthetic ( P < .01 ) . paravertebral block required significantly less local anesthetic and less needle insertions than the field block . paravertebral nerve root block proved to be superior to the field block , to be devoid of side effects , and was acceptable to the patients ."
860,Abstract #860,"suggests that core schemas are important in both the development and maintenance of psychosis . aim of the study was to investigate and compare core schemas in four groups along the continuum of psychosis and examine the relationships between schemas and positive psychotic symptomatology . measure of core schemas was distributed to 20 individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis ( FEP ) , 113 individuals with `` at risk mental states '' ( ARMS ) , 28 participants forming a help-seeking clinical group ( HSC ) , and 30 non-help-seeking individuals who endorse some psychotic-like experiences ( NH ) . clinical groups scored significantly higher than the NH group for negative beliefs about self and about others . significant effects of group on positive beliefs about others were found . positive beliefs about the self , the NH group scored significantly higher than the clinical groups . , negative beliefs about self and others were related to positive psychotic symptomatology and to distress related to those experiences . evaluations of the self and others appear to be characteristic of the appraisals of people seeking help for psychosis and psychosis-like experiences . results support the literature that suggests that self-esteem should be a target for intervention . research would benefit from including comparison groups of people experiencing chronic psychosis and people who do not have any psychotic-like experiences ."
861,Abstract #861,"obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is markedly under-diagnosed , which may be related to the under-reporting of symptoms and poor awareness of the disease . hypothesized that written information on COPD may help increase awareness of the disease in people at risk of developing it . evaluate the impact of an information leaflet sent by postal mail on the level of knowledge of COPD in subjects with or at risk of COPD . total of 860 subjects with or at risk of COPD were selected by using a phone questionnaire . subjects who reported a known diagnosis of COPD , a chronic cough and sputum production , or a smoking history of at least 15 pack-years were eligible for selection . knowledge of COPD was assessed during a telephone interview ( baseline ) . were randomized into 2 groups , with only 1 group receiving the information leaflet , and were then contacted 3 months later for a second interview . changes in the knowledge of COPD from baseline were compared between subjects who reported receiving and reading the leaflet ( true sensitized group ) and subjects to whom the leaflet was not sent ( control group ) . the follow-up interview , the proportion of patients who spontaneously mentioned ` respiratory difficulties ' , when asked about the meaning of COPD , significantly increased in the true sensitized group ( +11.9 % ) compared with the control group ( +2.6 % , p < 0.05 ) . addition , the frequency of patients who cited lung function test as the primary diagnostic tool for COPD increased by +14.4 % in the true sensitized group versus +2.0 % in the control group ( p < 0.05 ) . , there was no short-term leaflet-dependent improvement in smoking behaviour or utilization of health-care resources . study shows that an information leaflet sent by postal mail to subjects with or at risk of COPD can significantly improve their knowledge of COPD ; however , it has no significant impact on their behaviour ."
862,Abstract #862,"dysfunction ( ED ) treatment studies do not measure treatment response and treatment satisfaction ( both patient and partner satisfaction ) where dissatisfaction reflects an aspirations/achievement gap . test the subjective implications of satisfaction to various therapeutic modalities for pure or mixed organic ED , and to address changes in the health-oriented quality of life ( QoL ) and the relation of psychiatric status of these patients to treatment satisfaction . prospective study included of 354 couples classified according to their line of therapy into five treated groups : testosterone , sildenafil citrate , intracavernosal injection , external negative vacuum device , and penile prosthesis . Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction ( EDITS ) and the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) . patients were compared to unsatisfied cases using the PCASEE scale for QoL and Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire ( MHQ ) for psychiatric status . citrate-treated group represented the highest mean value of satisfaction score on EDITS , erectile function , orgasmic function , and overall satisfaction domains of IIEF . implants-treated group was the second for satisfaction score on EDITS . testosterone-treated group represented the highest mean value for sexual desire domain score of IIEF . scores in various domains of QoL were significantly improved among satisfied cases more than unsatisfied subjects after therapy . association was found between dissatisfaction and scores for anxiety , obsession , and phobia , followed by scores of depression and somatic concomitant of anxiety . is best conceived as intermingle of somatic , lifestyle , psychological , and partner relationship determinants . should be taken into account to increase sexual satisfaction with improved QoL , and not only to produce rigid erection ."
863,Abstract #863,"with acquired cold urticaria ( ACU ) show itchy wheals during cold exposure . disturbing condition involves histamine and platelet-activating factor in its pathogenesis . is a dual antagonist of both histamine and platelet-activating factor . assess rupatadine efficacy in preventing reactions to cold challenge in patients with ACU . crossover , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in which 21 patients with ACU received rupatadine , 20 mg/d , or placebo for 1 week each is presented . main outcome was the critical stimulation time threshold ( CSTT ) determined by ice cube challenge . outcomes included CSTT and the critical temperature threshold assessed by a cold provocation device ( TempTest 3.0 ) , as well as scores for wheal reactions , pruritus , burning sensations , and subjective complaints after cold challenge . rupatadine treatment , 11 ( 52 % ) of 21 patients exhibited a complete response ( ie , no urticaria lesions after ice cube provocation ) . significant improvement in CSTT compared with placebo was observed after ice cube and TempTest 3.0 challenge ( P = .03 and P = .004 , respectively ) . significant reduction of critical temperature threshold ( P < .001 ) and reduced scores for cold provocation-induced wheal reactions ( P = .01 ) , pruritus ( P = .005 ) , burning sensation ( P = .03 ) , and subjective complaints ( P = .03 ) after rupatadine treatment were also found . fatigue ( n = 4 ) , somnolence ( n = 1 ) , and moderate headache ( n = 1 ) were reported during active treatment . , 20 mg/d , shows high efficacy and is well tolerated in the treatment of ACU symptoms ."
864,Abstract #864,"of exhaled nitric oxide ( eNO ) is a simple and noninvasive method for assessment of inflammatory airway diseases . is elevated in adolescent patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness . aim of this study was to investigate whether oral loratadine , montelukast , nasal budesonide or nasal sodium cromoglycate could reduce airway inflammation as indicated by decrease of eNO in children with perennial allergic rhinitis as demonstrated by eNO levels . randomized and investigator-blinded study was conducted in a hospital-based outpatient clinic . with perennial allergic rhinitis were divided into four groups and treated by loratadine , loratadine with nasal sodium cromoglycate , loratadine with oral montelukast , and loratadine with nasal budesonide , respectively . rhinitis scores , eNO and peak expiratory flow were measured before and 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 weeks after treatment . showed that eNO in children with perennial allergic rhinitis was reduced by nasal budesonide and oral montelukast within 2 weeks ( 24.56 + / - 14.42 vs 18.42 + / - 12.48 , P < 0.001 , in budesonide group ; 27.81 + / - 13.4 vs 19.09 + / - 10.45 , P < 0.001 , in montelukast group ) , but not in the loratadine and cromoglycate groups . contrast , loratadine or sodium cromoglycate also did not decrease eNO levels although they could decrease the symptom scores . was concluded that four common treatment modalities could effectively release symptom scores , but decrease of airway inflammation as determined by decrease of eNO might be only achieved by nasal budesonide and montelukast , but not nasal sodium cromoglycate and loratadine . with perennial allergic rhinitis with high eNO levels may require oral montelukast or nasal budesonide treatment to prevent airway hyperresponsiveness ."
865,Abstract #865,"need for stitching the subcutaneous layers after saphenous vein graft harvest for coronary artery bypass is discussed controversially . conducted a prospective study to determine whether subcutaneous stitches reduce the incidence of hematoma , infection and wound dehiscence after saphenous vein graft harvest in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting . were randomized either to group 1 ( n = 100 , subcutaneous suture ) or group 2 ( n = 46 , without subcutaneous suture ) . wounds were examined for hematoma , wound dehiscence , necrosis or secretion preoperatively and on day 2 and 5 after surgery . , leg circumferences were measured at distinct areas . were no significant differences in the incidence of wound complications . , leg circumferences and incidence of hematomas ( group 1 : 36 % versus group 2 : 39 % ) as well as the length of hospital stay ( group 1 : 6.8 days versus group 2 : 6.2 days ) did not differ significantly . subcutaneous suture following saphenectomy is unnecessary . deterimental effect of an additional subcutaneous suture could not be demonstrated ."
866,Abstract #866,"associated with plasma expanders is widely used for the treatment of ascites in cirrhosis . study investigated the clinical importance of paracentesis-induced-circulatory dysfunction and compared the efficacy of albumin , dextran 70 , and polygeline in preventing this complication . total of 289 cirrhotic patients with ascites were randomized to treatment by total paracentesis plus intravenous albumin ( 97 patients ) , dextran 70 ( 93 patients ) , or polygeline ( 99 patients ) . circulatory dysfunction was defined as an increase in plasma renin activity on the sixth day after paracentesis of more than 50 % of the pretreatment value to a level > 4 ng.mL-1 . . circulatory dysfunction occurred more frequently in patients treated with dextran 70 ( 34.4 % ; P = 0.018 ) or polygeline ( 37.8 % ; P = 0.004 ) than in those receiving albumin ( 18.5 % ) . plasma expander used and the volume of ascites removed were independent predictors of this complication . circulatory dysfunction persisted during follow-up and was associated with a shorter time to first readmission ( 1.3 + / - 0.5 vs. 3.5 + / - 0.8 months , median + / - SEM ; P = 0.03 ) and shorter survival ( 9.3 + / - 4.2 vs. 16.9 + / - 4.3 months ; P = 0.01 ) . and sodium levels in serum , and Child-Pugh score at inclusion , and postparacentesis circulatory dysfunction were independent predictors of survival . circulatory dysfunction is not spontaneously reversible and is associated with a shorter time to first readmission and shorter survival . is the best plasma expander to prevent this complication ."
867,Abstract #867,"characterize the effect of an oral contraceptive ( OC ) containing ethinylestradiol and gestodene on the activity of CYP3A4 in vivo as measured by the 1 ' - hydroxylation of midazolam . this randomised , double-blind , cross-over trial nine healthy female subjects received either a combined OC ( 30 microg ethinylestradiol and 75 microg gestodene ) or placebo once daily for 10 days . day 10 , a single 7.5 mg dose of midazolam was given orally . concentrations of midazolam and 1 ' - hydroxymidazolam were determined up to 24 h and the effects of midazolam were measured with three psychomotor tests up to 8 h. combined OC increased the mean AUC of midazolam by 21 % ( 95 % CI 2 % to 40 % ; P = 0.03 ) and decreased that of 1 ' - hydroxymidazolam by 25 % ( 95 % CI 10 % to 41 % ; P = 0.01 ) , compared with placebo . metabolic ratio ( AUC of 1 ' - hydroxymidazolam/AUC of midazolam ) was 36 % smaller ( 95 % CI 19 % to 53 % ; P = 0.01 ) in the OC phase than in the placebo phase . were no significant differences in the Cmax , tmax , t ( 1/2 ) or effects of midazolam between the phases . combined OC preparation caused a modest reduction in the activity of CYP3A4 , as measured by the 1 ' - hydroxylation of midazolam , and slightly increased the AUC of oral midazolam . study suggests that , at the doses used , ethinylestradiol and gestodene have a relatively small effect on CYP3A4 activity in vivo ."
868,Abstract #868,"oxygenase 1 ( HO-1 ) is an inducible protein that plays a major protective role in conditions such as ischaemia-reperfusion injury and inflammation . this study , we have investigated the role of haem arginate ( HA ) in human male subjects in the modulation of HO-1 expression and its correlation with the GT length polymorphism ( GT ( n ) ) in the promoter of the HO-1 gene . a dose-escalation , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , seven healthy male subjects with a homozygous short ( S/S ) and eight with a long ( L/L ) GT ( n ) genotype received intravenous HA . protein expression and mRNA levels in peripheral blood monocytes , bilirubin , haptoglobin , haemopexin and haem levels were analysed over a 48h observation period . found that the baseline mRNA levels of HO-1 were higher in L/L subjects , while protein levels were higher in S/S subjects . induced a dose-dependent increase in the baseline corrected area under the curve values of HO-1 mRNA and protein over 48h . response of HO-1 mRNA was more pronounced in L/L subjects but the protein level was similar across the groups . is an effective inducer of HO-1 in humans irrespective of the GT ( n ) genotype . potential therapeutic application of HA needs to be evaluated in clinical trials ."
869,Abstract #869,"studies have failed to find a significant difference in intraocular pressure ( IOP ) between one - and two-site phacotrabeculectomy . possible explanation has been relatively small samples and short follow-up . prospectively observed 80 patients for 2 years randomized to one - versus two-site phacotrabeculectomy with the primary outcome measure being IOP . randomized controlled study . eyes were randomized and 79 underwent phacotrabeculectomy ; 76 completed 24 months ' follow-up . patients scheduled for phacotrabeculectomy were randomized to one - or two-site phacotrabeculectomy after giving informed consent . sample size of 54 was calculated to detect a difference of 2 mmHg between the groups with a power of 80 % . recorded included demographics , visual acuity , IOP , endothelial cell counts , glaucoma medications , phacoemulsification settings , iris manipulation , suture lysis , needling , and complications . data were obtained at 3 , 6 , 12 , and 24 months . IOP at 24 months . were no significant differences between the groups preoperatively . IOPs were 17.6 versus 17.6 , 12.6 versus 12.5 , 13.1 versus 11.7 , 13.1 versus 12.7 , and 12.5 versus 12.9 mmHg for one - versus two-site at baseline and 3 , 6 , 12 , and 24 months . was a significant lowering of IOP compared with baseline at all time points ( P < 0.05 ) . was no significant difference in mean IOP between the groups at any time . mean number of glaucoma medications decreased from 3.0 in each group to 0.2 and 0.4 for one - and two-site , respectively , at 24 months ( P = 0.20 ) . 3 and 12 months , the endothelial counts ( cells/mm ( 2 ) ) were significantly lower in the two-site group : 2333 versus 2207 ( P = 0.17 ) , 2239 versus 1938 ( P = 0.01 ) , 2180 versus 1934 ( P = 0.04 ) , and 2147 versus 1947 ( P = 0.08 ) at baseline and 3 , 12 , and 24 months , respectively . surgical time was significantly longer for two-site ( 48.1 + / -7.8 minutes ) compared with one-site ( 39.2 + / -6.4 minutes ; P < 0.001 ) . 2 years after phacotrabeculectomy , there was no statistically significant difference in IOP between groups . endothelial cell counts were significantly lower in the two-site group at 3 and 12 months . surgery took significantly more time ."
870,Abstract #870,"pre-emptive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is routinely given to patients undergoing ambulatory inguinal hernia repair . present prospective randomized trial was undertaken to compare the efficacy of intravenous ketorolac and rectal diclofenac for ambulatory inguinal hernia repairs . June 1999 and February 2001 , a total of 108 patients who underwent ambulatory inguinal hernia repairs under general anaesthesia were recruited . were randomized to receive either intravenous ketorolac 30 mg immediately prior to induction of general anaesthesia ( n = 54 ) or rectal diclofenac 50 mg after signing consent at the Day Surgery Centre ( n = 54 ) . demographic features , hernia types , anaesthetic time , dosage of anaesthetic medication and operative details of the two groups were comparable . was no significant difference in total amount of analgesic consumption and linear analogue pain scores after operation . regard to recovery variables , the respective times taken to regain ambulation and micturition were similar in both groups . suppository 50 mg and intravenous ketorolac 30 mg provided equivalent postoperative analgesia following ambulatory inguinal hernia repair under general anaesthesia . suppository is an economical alternative to intravenous ketorolac . the interests of cost containment rectal diclofenac could be considered the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of choice for pre-emptive analgesia ."
871,Abstract #871,"incidence of skin cancer has increased in the United States , concomitant with increased UV radiation ( UVR ) exposure among young adults . examined whether tanning facilities in Missouri , a state without indoor-tanning regulations , acted in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration 's recommendations and consistently imparted information to potential clients about the known risks of UVR . conducted a statewide telephone survey of randomly selected tanning facilities in Missouri . tanning facility was surveyed twice , in the morning ( 7 am-3 pm ) and evening ( 3-10 pm ) , on different days , to determine intrasalon consistency of information provided to potential clients at different times . average , 65 % of 243 tanning-facility operators would allow children as young as 10 or 12 years old to use indoor-tanning devices , 80 % claimed that indoor tanning would prevent future sunburns , and 43 % claimed that there were no risks associated with indoor tanning . inconsistencies involved allowable age of use , and UVR exposure type and duration . tanning-facility employees were more likely to allow consumers to start with maximum exposure times and UV-A-emitting devices ( P < .001 ) , whereas evening employees were more likely to allow 10 - or 12-year-old children to use indoor-tanning devices ( P = .008 ) . increasing evidence that UVR exposure in indoor-tanning devices is associated with skin cancer , ocular damage , and premature photoaging , tanning facilities in Missouri often misinformed consumers regarding these risks and lack of health benefits and inconsistently provided information about the Food and Drug Administration 's guidelines for tanning devices ."
872,Abstract #872,"is the most frequent cause for hospitalization in acute decompensated heart failure . decongestion is a major goal of acute therapy , it is unclear how the clinical components of congestion ( eg , peripheral edema , orthopnea ) contribute to outcomes after discharge or how well decongestion is maintained . post hoc analysis was performed of 496 patients enrolled in the Diuretic Optimization Strategy Evaluation in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ( DOSE-AHF ) and Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ( CARRESS-HF ) trials during hospitalization with acute decompensated heart failure and clinical congestion . simple orthodema congestion score was generated based on symptoms of orthopnea ( 2 pillows = 2 points , < 2 pillows = 0 points ) and peripheral edema ( trace = 0 points , moderate = 1 point , severe = 2 points ) at baseline , discharge , and 60-day follow-up . scores were classified as absent ( score of 0 ) , low-grade ( score of 1-2 ) , and high-grade ( score of 3-4 ) , and the association with death , rehospitalization , or unscheduled medical visits through 60 days was assessed . baseline , 65 % of patients had high-grade orthodema and 35 % had low-grade orthodema . discharge , 52 % patients were free from orthodema at discharge ( score = 0 ) and these patients had lower 60-day rates of death , rehospitalization , or unscheduled visits ( 50 % ) compared with those with low-grade or high-grade orthodema ( 52 % and 68 % , respectively ; P = 0.038 ) . the patients without orthodema at discharge , 27 % relapsed to low-grade orthodema and 38 % to high-grade orthodema at 60-day follow-up . severity of congestion by a simple orthodema assessment is associated with increased morbidity and mortality . intent to relieve congestion , current therapy often fails to relieve orthodema during hospitalization or to prevent recurrence after discharge . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifiers : NCT00608491 , NCT00577135 ."
873,Abstract #873,"a previous study a new hydrosoluble nail lacquer ( P-3051 ) containing 8 % ciclopirox ( CPX ) showed higher nail penetration compared to a water-insoluble 5 % amorolfine ( MRF ) lacquer . our knowledge , in vivo human data on a similar topic are not available . compare fingernail penetration of P-3051 with that of MRF reference in humans and to evaluate their predicted efficacy against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida parapsilosis . centre , randomized , multiple dose , open label , within subjects study . and reference were self-applied to all fingernails of either hand for 28 days . baseline and after 15 and 25 days , the nail free edge was collected for analysis . coefficients were calculated for T. rubrum and C. parapsilosis as ratios of nail concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration . coefficients were classified as very high , high or poor . concentrations after 15 days were 2.82 0.58 g/mg for CPX and 0.64 0.11 g/mg for MRF . day 25 there was a non-significant decline ( 1.85 0.31 g/mg , P = 0.077 ) for CPX and a highly significant ( 0.13 0.03 g/mg , P = 0.0002 ) 80 % decline for MRF . coefficients were very high/high in all subjects treated with P-3051 against both T. rubrum and C. parapsilosis ; they were significantly lower for MRF reference against both pathogens at both observation points . exhibited better penetration and higher predicted efficacy after in vivo multiple application to human fingernails when compared to MRF reference . in vivo data are in good agreement with our previous in vitro study ."
874,Abstract #874,"studies have proved the renal protective effects of anisodamine in patients with septic shock . aim of this study was to investigate anisodamine for the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy ( CIN ) in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) . ACS patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) were randomly assigned to one of two groups : patients in the anisodamine group ( ANI group ) were assigned to receive intravenous infusions of anisodamine by an adjusted-dose ( 0.1 - 0.2 g kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ) from the PCI procedure to 24 hours after PCI , and the control group ( CON group ) received 0.9 % isotonic saline of the same volume . patients were hydrated for 6 to 12 hours before and 12 hours after PCI . samples were taken on the day of PCI and at 24 , 48 and 72 hours after PCI to measure the serum creatinine ( SCr ) . total of 177 patients were involved in the study , 88 in the ANI group and 89 in the CON group . both groups , the SCr concentrations significantly increased after PCI , with the peak value occurring at 48 hours . 72 hours , the SCr concentration in the ANI group retuned to the baseline level ( P > 0.05 ) , but the SCr concentration in CON group was still higher than baseline level ( P < 0.01 ) . SCr concentrations at 48 and 72 hours after PCI were much lower in the ANI group than those in the CON group ( both P < 0.01 ) . estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) significantly decreased after PCI , the lowest value occurred at 48 hours . the ANI group , the eGFR at 72 hours was similar to the baseline level . the CON group , the eGFR failed to return to baseline at 72 hours ( P < 0.01 ) . eGFR at 24 , 48 and 72 hours after PCI were higher in the ANI group ( all P < 0.05 ) . incidence of CIN in the ANI group was lower than that in the CON group within 72 hours after PCI ( P < 0.05 ) . results of multiple Logistic regression proved that both diabetes and left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) were independent predictors of CIN , and treatment with anisodamine was an independent preventive factor of CIN ( OR 0.369 and 95 % CI 0.171 to 0.794 , P = 0.011 ) . serious side effects were found in the ANI group . infusion of anisodamine during and after elective PCI may safely prevent the occurrence of CIN in ACS patients ."
875,Abstract #875,"main causes of death in severe pancreatitis are multiorgan failure and septic complications . treatment with effective antibiotics is therefore a tempting therapeutic option . , there could be side effects such as selection of resistant microbes and fungi . aim of the present study was to compare the rate of infectious complications , interventions , days in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) , morbidity and mortality in patients with severe pancreatitis randomized to prophylactic therapy with imipenem compared with those receiving no treatment at all . patients with severe pancreatitis were included in a prospective , randomized , clinical study in seven Norwegian hospitals . number of patients was limited to 73 because of slow patient accrual . pancreatitis was defined as a C-reactive protein ( CRP ) level of > 120 mg/l after 24 h or CRP > 200 48 h after the start of symptoms . patients were randomized to either early antibiotic treatment ( imipenem 0.5 g x 3 for 5-7 days ) ( imipenem group ) ( n = 36 ) or no antibiotics ( control group ) ( n = 37 ) . groups were similar in age , cause of pancreatitis , duration of symptoms and APACHE II score . in the imipenem group experienced lower rates of complications ( 12 versus 22 patients ) ( p = 0.035 ) and infections ( 5 versus 16 patients ) ( p = 0.009 ) than those in the control group . was no difference in length of hospital stay ( 18 versus 22 days ) , need of intensive care ( 8 versus 7 patients ) , need of acute interventions ( 10 versus 13 ) , nor for surgery ( 3 versus 3 ) or 30-day mortality rates ( 3 versus 4 ) . study , although underpowered , supports the use of early prophylactic treatment with imipenem in order to reduce the rate of septic complications in patients with severe pancreatitis ."
876,Abstract #876,"compare the efficacy of retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthetic techniques for vitreoretinal surgical procedures . , randomized , double-blind study . large university teaching hospital . hundred sixteen consecutive patients who were scheduled for vitreoretinal surgical procedures . who were undergoing vitreoretinal surgical procedures were divided into four separate groups , depending on the type of surgical procedure planned . numbers of patients in each group of patients who were undergoing a surgical procedure were randomly assigned to either the retrobulbar or peribulbar block-treated group . , akinesia , need for block supplementation , and patient acceptance were measured . retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthetic techniques provided equal levels of akinesia and analgesia , with each requiring intraoperative supplementation in 32 % . block can be expeditiously and efficiently used for a full range of vitreoretinal surgical procedures ."
877,Abstract #877,"randomized controlled trial was designed to compare the most common technique for open mesh repair ( Lichtenstein ) with the currently preferred minimally invasive technique ( total extra peritoneal , TEP ) for the surgical correction of inguinal hernia . total of 660 patients were randomized to Lichtenstein or TEP procedure . outcomes were postoperative pain , length of hospital stay , period until complete recovery , and quality of life ( QOL ) . , operating time , complications , chronic pain , and costs were secondary endpoints . study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov and carries the ID : NCT00788554 . 336 patients were randomized to TEP , and 324 to Lichtenstein repair . was associated with less postoperative pain until 6 weeks postoperatively ( P = 0.01 ) . pain was comparable ( 25 % vs. 29 % ) . impairment of inguinal sensibility was seen after TEP ( 7 % vs. 30 % , P = 0.01 ) . operating time for a unilateral hernia with TEP was longer ( 54 vs. 49 minutes , P = 0.03 ) but comparable for bilateral hernias . of adverse events during surgery was higher with TEP ( 5.8 % vs. 1.6 % , P < 0.004 ) , but postoperative complications ( 33 % vs. 33 % ) , hospital stay and QOL were similar . TEP , patients had a faster recovery of daily activities ( ADL ) and less absence from work ( P = 0.01 ) . a mean follow-up of 49 months , recurrences ( 3.8 % vs. 3.0 % , P = 0.64 ) and total costs ( euro3 .096 vs. euro3 .198 ) were similar . procedure was associated with more adverse events during surgery but less postoperative pain , faster recovery of daily activities , quicker return to work , and less impairment of sensibility after 1 year . rates and chronic pain were comparable . is recommended in experienced hands ."
878,Abstract #878,"determine the effect of multiple subcutaneous doses of recombinant human interleukin ( rhuIL ) -10 on plasma HIV RNA levels and CD4 T-cell counts , and to evaluate its safety and tolerability in HIV-infected subjects . , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter trial . HIV-infected subjects with CD4 T-cell counts > 200 x 10 ( 6 ) / l , plasma HIV RNA concentrations > or = 3.18 log10 copies/ml and on stable antiretroviral therapy were recruited from six centers . received ( subcutaneously ) rhuIL-10 1 microg/kg daily , 4 microg/kg daily , 8 microg/kg three times per week , placebo daily or placebo three times per week for 4 weeks . defined outcomes included safety and tolerability , plasma HIV RNA levels and CD4 T-cell counts . were assessed at baseline , weeks 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 during treatment and weeks 2 and 4 following completion of therapy . characteristics were similar in all groups . to baseline , no significant change in plasma HIV RNA concentrations or CD4 T-cell counts was observed in any of the groups . was generally well tolerated . patients receiving rhuIL-10 4 microg/kg required discontinuation due to thrombocytopenia . patient receiving rhuIL-10 4 microg/kg who had chronic hepatitis B and C infections discontinued drug because of elevated liver function tests . patient receiving placebo discontinued study drug because of depression . lack of a demonstrable virological benefit , as assessed by plasma viral load , with 4 weeks of rhuIL-10 does not support the development of this immune-based therapy for treatment of HIV infection ."
879,Abstract #879,"aim of the present study was to determine whether the beneficial effect of oral supplementation with calcium and conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA ) in the reduction of the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension ( PIH ) is related with changes in plasma levels of prostanoids , renin , angiotensin II , calciotropic hormones , and plasma and intracellular ionized free calcium . mediators were determined using the blood samples obtained from a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial that included 48 healthy primigravidas with a family history of preeclampsia and with diastolic notch , recruited from four outpatient clinics from two developing countries . were randomized to daily oral doses of elemental calcium and CLA or lactose-starch placebo from week 18 to week 22 of gestation until delivery . incidence of PIH was significantly reduced in women receiving the supplement ( 2 women [ 8.3 % ] ) compared with placebo ( 10 women [ 41.7 % ] ) ( relative risk = 0.20 , 95 % confidence interval 0.05-0 .82 , P = .01 ) . were no significant differences in the plasma concentrations of ionized calcium , prostaglandin E ( 2 ) , renin , angiotensin II , parathormone , and calcitonine . concentration of intracellular ionized free calcium presented a significant reduction after interventions ( 92.0 nmol/L [ range 62.5 to 220 nmol/L ] v 62.5 nmol/L [ range 28 to 200 nmol/L ; P = .01 ) in the supplemented group but not in the placebo group . women who developed PIH ( n = 12 ) presented a significant increase in the concentrations of intracellular calcium after interventions ( 120 nmol/L [ range 89.2 to 240 nmol/L ] v 137.5 nmol/L [ range 89.2 to 138 nmol/L ; P = .02 ) . and CLA supplementation during pregnancy reduces the incidence of PIH , and decreases the intracellular concentration of ionized free calcium in peripheral blood lymphocytes ."
880,Abstract #880,"pubertal estrogen replacement in girls with Turner syndrome is important . study objective was to test the hypotheses that physiological estradiol replacement administered early with GH will preserve height potential as much as if administered late and that it will bring about a greater height gain than standard oral estrogen therapy combined with GH . study was randomized to early or late estrogen treatment ; follow-up was at 3.5 yr or later . was a multicenter outpatient study . syndrome girls 12.0-12 .9 yr ( n = 7 ) or 14.0-14 .9 yr ( n = 7 ) of age who began GH before age 12.0 yr were the patients . girls were matched to National Cooperative Growth Study registry patients who began GH and oral conjugated estrogen at similar ages and were similarly followed to adult or near-adult height . estradiol , 0.2 mg/month i.m. , was given initially and gradually increased ; GH was 0.05 mg/kg daily . or near-adult height was the main outcome variable . estradiol treatment resulted in height significantly taller than predicted at 12 yr of age ( P < 0.02 ) . height potential was gained in the first 2 yr of the study , during which the early group grew 3.5 cm more than the late group , which was receiving GH alone ( P < 0.01 ) . early depot estradiol group also gained 5.9 cm more height after starting estrogen than did the early National Cooperative Growth Study group ( P < 0.05 ) . feminization proceeded slowly on the lowest dose of estradiol , it advanced normally thereafter . results suggest that very low-dose parenteral estradiol permits relatively age-appropriate feminization without interfering with the effect of GH on the enhancement of height potential ."
881,Abstract #881,"compare the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of 0.3 % gatifloxacin and 1 % prednisolone ( ZypredH ) versus the individual components used separately ( Zymar and Predfort ) for infection prophylaxis and inflammation control after cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation [ corrected ] . prospective , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group study of 108 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation was conducted . random assignment , 47 eyes received the fixed combination of topical 0.3 % gatifloxacin/1 % prednisolone drops , and 61 eyes received the same doses of the individual components as separate solutions four times a day for 15 days . and postoperative assessments were made on postoperative days 1 , 7 , 15 , and 20 . objective ( best corrected visual acuity , sign of active ocular inflammation , central and incisional corneal edema , the number of cells per high-power field in the anterior chamber , and intraocular pressure ) and subjective ( eye pain , photophobia , burning sensation , itching , and foreign body sensation ) criteria of efficacy were similar in both groups , with no significant differences . I included 47 eyes that received the fixed combination of gatifloxacin/prednisolone acetate eye drops and a placebo eye drop solution . II included 61 eyes that were treated with 0.3 % gatifloxacin and 1 % prednisolone acetate eye drops separately . intraocular pressure was slightly higher in Group II ( p < 0.05 ) . with the fixed-dose combination of gatifloxacin/prednisolone eye drops was as effective as the non-fixed combination in preventing infection and controlling inflammation after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation ."
882,Abstract #882,"controversy surrounds the adoption of endoscopic sphincterotomy ( ES ) to facilitate the placement of 10F plastic stents ( PS ) and to reduce the risk of pancreatitis The aim of the study was to assess the possible advantages of ES before PS placement . 3/1996 to 6/2001 , 172 consecutive patients , who underwent placement of a single 10F - polyethylene stent for inoperable malignant strictures of the common bile duct , were randomly assigned to 2 groups . group A ( 96 patients ) , a ES was performed before PS placement In Group B , 96 patients had PS directly . complications ( within 30 d ) and late effects ( from 30 d to stent replacement ) were assessed . interval was defined as the period between PS placement and obstruction or death . success of stent replacement in the 2 groups was evaluated . insertion was successful in 95.8 % ( 92/96 ) of the pts in group A and in 93.7 % ( 90/96 ) of the patients in group B ( P > 0.05 ) . complications were more frequent in patients who underwent ES ( 6.5 % vs 4.4 % ) but the data were not significant ( P > 0.05 ) . group A pancreatitis developed in two patients and bleeding in three ; whereas pancreatitis occurred in 2 patients in group B. Complications were managed conservatively . procedure related mortality occurred . late complications were acute cholangitis due to stent occlusion . performed a stent replacement in 87 patients that was successful in 84 cases without differences between groups . does not seem to be necessary for placement of 10F-PS in patients with malignant common bile duct obstruction ."
883,Abstract #883,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of the potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ( DPP-4 ) inhibitor linagliptin administered as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycaemic control . 24-week , randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , parallel-group study was carried out in 82 centres in 10 countries . with HbA1c levels of 7.0-10 .0 % on metformin and a maximum of one additional antidiabetes medication , which was discontinued at screening , continued on metformin 1500 mg/day for 6 weeks , including a placebo run-in period of 2 weeks , before being randomized to linagliptin 5 mg once daily ( n = 524 ) or placebo ( n = 177 ) add-on . primary outcome was the change from baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks of treatment , evaluated with an analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) . baseline HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) were 8.1 % and 9.4 mmol/l , respectively . showed significant reductions vs. placebo in adjusted mean changes from baseline of HbA1c ( -0.49 vs. 0.15 % ) , FPG ( -0.59 vs. 0.58 mmol/l ) and 2hPPG ( -2.7 vs. 1.0 mmol/l ) ; all p < 0.0001 . was rare , occurring in three patients ( 0.6 % ) treated with linagliptin and five patients ( 2.8 % ) in the placebo group . weight did not change significantly from baseline in both groups ( -0.5 kg placebo , -0.4 kg linagliptin ) . addition of linagliptin 5 mg once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin resulted in a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in glycaemic control without weight gain or increased risk of hypoglycaemia ."
884,Abstract #884,"may compromise cancer treatment , causing chemotherapy dose reductions , schedule alterations , or the need for platelet transfusions . evaluated the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin-11 ( rhIL-11 ; Neumega , Genetics Institute , Inc , Cambridge , MA ) , a novel thrombopoietic growth factor , in reducing the need for platelet transfusions in patients who undergo dose-intensive chemotherapy . with advanced breast cancer received cyclophosphamide ( 3,200 mg/m2 ) and doxorubicin ( 75 mg/m2 ) plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ; 5 microg/kg/d ) . were randomized to blinded treatment with placebo or 50 microg/kg/d rhIL-11 subcutaneously for 10 or 17 days after the first two chemotherapy cycles . patients were randomized and constitute the intent-to-treat ( ITT ) population . patients ( the assessable subgroup ) either completed both cycles without a major protocol violation ( n = 62 ) or received a platelet transfusion before treatment was discontinued after the first cycle . the ITT population , rhIL-11 significantly decreased the requirement for platelet transfusions ; 27 of 40 ( 68 % ) patients who received rhIL-11 did not require transfusions , compared with 15 of 37 ( 41 % ) in the placebo group ( P = .04 ) . with rhIL-11 significantly reduced the total number of platelet transfusions required in the assessable subgroup ( P = .03 ) and the time to platelet recovery to more than 50,000 / microL in the second cycle ( P = .01 ) . adverse events associated with rhIL-11 were reversible , mild to moderate in severity , and likely related to fluid retention . is safe and effective in reducing treatment-associated thrombocytopenia and the need for platelet transfusions in patients who undergo dose-intensive chemotherapy , and thus may permit chemotherapy to be administered as planned at intended doses and thereby maximize the potential for a successful outcome ."
885,Abstract #885,"Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi HD9601 trial compared doxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine , and dacarbazine ( ABVD ) versus doxorubicin , vinblastine , mechloretamine , vincristine , bleomycin , etoposide , and prednisone ( Stanford V [ StV ] ) versus the combination of mechlorethamine , vincristine , procarbazine , prednisone ( MOPP ) with epidoxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine ( EBV ) , lomustine , doxorubicin , and vindesine ( CAD ) ( MOPP/EBV/CAD [ MEC ] ) for the initial treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin 's lymphoma to select which regimen would best support a reduced radiotherapy program ( limited to two or fewer sites of either previous bulky or partially remitting disease ) . of ABVD and MEC to StV was demonstrated . report analysis of long-term outcome and toxicity . with stage IIB , III , or IV were randomly assigned among six cycles of ABVD , three cycles of StV , and six cycles of MEC ; radiotherapy was administered in 76 , 71 , and 50 patients in the three arms , respectively . , the median follow-up is 86 months ; in the prolonged observation period , eight additional failures , including two relapses , both in the StV arm , and six additional deaths in complete response were recorded . 10-year overall survival rates were 87 % , 80 % , and 78 % for ABVD , MEC , and StV , respectively ( P = .4 ) . 10-year failure-free survival was 75 % , 74 % , and 49 % in the ABVD , MEC , and StV arms , respectively ( P < .001 ) . 10-year disease-free survival of patients treated or not with radiotherapy ( RT ) showed no difference for ABVD or MEC ( 85 % v 80 % and 93 % v 68 % ) , and a statistically significant difference for StV ( 76 % v 33 % ; P = .004 ) . significant long-term toxicity was recorded . long-term analysis confirmed ABVD and MEC superiority to StV . use of RT after StV was established as mandatory . is still to be considered as the standard treatment with a good balance between efficacy and toxicity ."
886,Abstract #886,"is involved in the atherogenesis and pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) . the acute-phase reaction proteins in ACS , myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) may play critical roles . may be one of benefits of statin drugs in ACS . have showed that statins can suppress serum CRP concentrations . , whether statins also reduce serum MPO concentrations in patients with ACS is unknown . patients with ACS were randomly separated into Group A and Group B , the patients in Group A receiving conventional therapy , which include no cholesterol-lowering drugs , + atorvastatin ( 10 mg/day , n = 40 ) , the patients in Group B receiving conventional therapy ( n = 38 ) . serum concentrations of MPO were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and CRP were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay . concentrations of MPO were significantly lower after 1-week therapy in both groups of patients [ Group A from 590 + / -168 to 496 + / -154 microg/l , Group B from 570 + / -165 to 521 + / -153 microg/l ; P < 0.01 , respectively ] . concentrations of CRP also were markedly lower than pretreatment [ Group A from 6.56 + / -1.87 to 5.14 + / -2.07 mg/l ; Group B from 6.36 + / -1.94 to 5.45 + / -1.90 mg/l , P < 0.05 , respectively ] . with conventional therapy alone , atorvastatin significantly further reduced serum MPO [ P = 0.014 ] and CRP concentrations [ P = 0.032 ] . were no correlations detected between the reduction of MPO and CRP ( r = 0.124 , P = 0.068 ) . reduced serum MPO and CRP concentrations in patients with ACS . effects may explain some clinical benefits of statins in the treatment of these patients ."
887,Abstract #887,"with delusional depression are difficult to treat . atypical antidepressant trimipramine was effective in a previous 4-week open label pilot study in patients with this disorder . major neurobiological effect of trimipramine is the inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical ( HPA ) system . delusional depression HPA overactivity is more distinct than in other subtypes of depression . suppression is thought to contribute to the action of trimipramine . a double-blind , randomized , placebo controlled multicenter trial we compared the effects of trimipramine monotherapy versus a combination of amitriptyline and haloperidol . was increased stepwise from 100mg up to 400mg trimipramine and from 100mg up to 200mg amitriptyline combined with 2mg up to 7.5 mg haloperidol . average dose of trimipramine was higher than that of amitriptyline throughout the trial . sixth week mean dosage ( + / - standard deviation ) were 356.1 + / -61.2 mg trimipramine , 184.0 + / -23.6 mg amitriptyline and 6.3 + / -1.8 mg haloperidol . six weeks psychometric assessments were performed weekly . HPA monitoring a dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone ( Dex/CRH ) test was performed before active medication and at the end of treatment . tolerability was monitored by ECG , EEG assessment of extrapyramidal symptoms and akathisia , clinical laboratory routine and recording of blood pressure and heart rate . events were documented . patients were enclosed into the study . per protocol sample consisted of 33 patients of the trimipramine group and of 24 patients of the amitriptyline/haloperidol group . decrease of the Hamilton depression ( HAMD ) score ( 24 items ) showed non-inferiority of trimipramine compared to amitriptyline/haloperidol . patients ( 84.84 % ) in the trimipramine arm and 17 patients ( 70.83 % ) in the amitriptyline/haloperidol arm were responders ( HAMD < or = 50 % ) . ( HAMD < 8 ) was found in 18 ( 54.55 % ) patients after trimipramine and in 11 ( 45.83 % ) patients after amitriptyline/haloperidol . significant differences were found concerning response and remission . cortisol and ACTH response in the Dex/CRH test decreased between days 1 and 42 in both groups . side effects were not reported . all , trimipramine monotherapy appears to be an effective treatment in delusional depression ."
888,Abstract #888,"conjunctivitis was a chronic inflammatory disease , usually associated with rhinitis . modalities of treatment were available , but few studies mentioned of immunotherapy which might had benefits in chronic and severe cases . evaluate efficacy and safety of local conjunctival immunotherapy ( LCIT ) using a mixed Dermatophagoides extracts for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis ( AC ) METHODS : A prospective , double-blind and randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) was performed on eighteen patients with positive skin prick test ( SPT ) reactions to house dust mites . were randomized into 2 groups : 1 ) treated with LCIT and 2 ) treated with balanced salt solution ( BSS ) as a control for a 6-month period . extracts were prepared in eyedrops and given once daily in LCIT group . was assessed by clinical scores and conjunctival provocation test ( CPT ) . 6 months , the CPT scores for the LCIT group reached statistical significance compared to the control group ( p = 0.038 ) , but there were no statistically significant differences in signs ( p = 0.591 ) , symptoms ( p = 0.885 ) and medication scores ( p = 0.338 ) between both groups . in LCIT group were able to tolerate the allergen without developing any serious adverse events . treatment significantly reduced CPT scores which indicated that the patients were able to tolerate the antigen better than their counterparts . , LCIT alone at short period did not alleviate symptoms and signs of allergic conjunctivitis from multiple allergens ."
889,Abstract #889,"a stable isotope technique which allows simultaneous and differential measuring of orally and intravenously administered drugs we compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of unlabelled modified release verapamil p.o. ( steady state ) and deuterated verapamil i.v. ( single dose ) following morning and evening administration . female and 12 male healthy volunteers were studied in a randomized , crossover design . the last day of each treatment period ( day 6 and day 10 ) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics ( PR interval ) of verapamil were assessed ; 1 h before ingestion of a new R/S-verapamil 240 mg modified release formulation ( 08.00 h vs 20.00 h ) a single dose of 10 mg d7-R/S-verapamil was administered intravenously . levels of unlabelled and labelled R/S-verapamil were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry . selected samples of serum which were chosen at tmin , po and tmax , po the enantiomers were separated by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography in order to calculate R - to S-verapamil serum concentration ratios . observed no significant differences in pharmacokinetics ( AUCpo , Cmax , tmax , CLo , F and R/S enantiomer ratio ) between morning and evening treatment with modified release verapamil and there was no influence of time of dosing on mean prolongation of PR interval . , CL , Vss and d7-R/d7-S enantiomer ratio following verapamil i.v. did not show circadian variation . was slightly but statistically significantly increased after the morning infusion . was significantly greater after verapamil i.v. in the morning than in the evening . 90 % confidence intervals of the differences between morning and evening administration in AUCpo , Cmax and AUCiv were within the equivalence range of 0.8-1 .25 . of dosing has no significant influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this new modified release formulation of verapamil . variation in presystemic metabolism of verapamil was not observed ."
890,Abstract #890,"study aimed to compare the effects of dexmethylphenidate ( D-MPH ) extended-release ( ER ) 30 mg and D-MPH-ER 20 mg on attention , behavior , and performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . a randomized , double-blind , 3-period-by-3-treatment , crossover study , children aged 6 to 12 years with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder stabilized on methylphenidate ( 40-60 mg/d ) or D-MPH ( 20-30 mg/d ) received D-MPH-ER 20 mg/d , 30 mg/d , and placebo for 7 days each ( final dose of each treatment period administered in a laboratory classroom ) . , Kotkin , Agler , M-Flynn , and Pelham ( SKAMP ) Combined ( Attention and Deportment ) rating scale and Permanent Product Measure of Performance ( PERMP ) math test assessments were conducted at baseline and 3 , 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , and 12 hours postdose . total of 165 children ( 94 boys ; mean age , 9.6 years ) were randomized ( 162 included in intent-to-treat analyses ) . improvements were noted for D-MPH-ER 30 mg over D-MPH-ER 20 mg at various late time points on the SKAMP scales ( Combined scores at 9 , 10 , 11 , and 12 hours postdose ; Attention scores at 10 , 11 , and 12 hours postdose ; deportment scores at 9 and 12 hours postdose ) . PERMP math test-attempted and - correct scores ( change from predose ) were significantly higher with D-MPH-ER 30 mg than with D-MPH-ER 20 mg at 10 , 11 , and 12 hours postdose . D-MPH-ER doses were superior to placebo at all time points . 30 mg was superior to D-MPH-ER 20 mg at later time points in the day , suggesting that higher doses of D-MPH-ER may be more effective later in the day ."
891,Abstract #891,"aim of this study was to compare , in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation ( AF ) , the efficacy and safety of left atrial ablation with that of a biatrial procedure and to assess the risk factors for late failure of sinus rhythm restoration . January 2004 and January 2007 , 299 consecutive patients underwent the radiofrequency ablation procedure for AF associated with concomitant cardiac surgery . to a prospective , open , and randomized trial , 149 patients underwent left atrial plus cavotricuspid isthmus ablation ( left atrial group ) , while 150 patients underwent biatrial ablation ( biatrial group ) . postoperative and mid-term follow-up results were compared between the two groups . univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the risk factors for late recurrence of AF . were seven in-hospital deaths ( 2.3 % ) , including two in the left atrial group ( 1.3 % ) and five in the biatrial group ( 3.3 % ) , and there were no differences in the incidence of the mortality and complications during the postoperative and follow-up periods between the groups . discharge , sinus rhythm was maintained in 77.1 % of the patients , including 78.2 % of those in the left atrial group and 75.9 % in the biatrial group ( p = 0.68 ) . was completed in 97 % of the patients , with a mean time of 28 + / -5 months . the latest follow-up , two deaths occurred in the biatrial group . rhythm was documented in 237 ( 85.0 % ) out of all the patients , including 85.2 % ( 121/142 ) in the left atrial group and 84.1 % ( 116/138 ) in the biatrial group patients ( p = 0.87 ) . a multivariate analysis , a left atrial diameter of > / = 80 mm ( p = 0.02 ) was an independent predictor for a late recurrence of AF . the left atrial combined with cavotricuspid isthmus ablation and biatrial maze procedure is safe and effective in treating patients with AF , with an acceptable sinus conversion rate , mortality and morbidity . left atrial dimension of > / = 80 mm was a significant predictor for a late recurrence of AF ."
892,Abstract #892,"role of single micronutrient deficiencies in the etiology of growth retardation has recently gained attention . , because multiple micronutrient deficiencies are common in children in developing countries , it is possible that more than one micronutrient may limit growth and , hence , the correction of a single deficiency may not be enough to improve growth substantially . objective was to evaluate the effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on the growth of children aged 8-14 mo whose diets were poor in several micronutrients . were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups . group received a multiple micronutrient supplement containing the recommended dietary allowance ( RDA ) or 1.5 times the RDA of vitamins A , D , E , K , C , B-1 , B-6 , B-12 , riboflavin , niacin , biotin , folic acid , and pantothenic acid , and iron , zinc , iodine , copper , manganese , and selenium . other group received a placebo . were administered 6 d/wk for an average of 12.2 mo. . length was measured at baseline and monthly thereafter until the end of supplementation . infants initially aged < 12 mo had significantly greater length gains than did the placebo group , with a difference of 8.2 mm ( length-for-age z score : 0.3 ) at the end of supplementation . contrast , differences in length gains between the supplemented and placebo groups initially aged > or = 12 mo were not significant . deficiencies limited the growth of the Mexican infants studied . micronutrient intakes should be a component of interventions to promote growth in infants living in settings where micronutrient intakes are inadequate ."
893,Abstract #893,"pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties . study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims . aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs . Dorper x Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments , a cottonseed meal based control diet , a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole ( 7.5 mg/kg body weight ) administration . diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric . 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens , each containing 3 lambs . were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae ( 2000 larvae/lamb ) for 3 weeks . treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87 % and abomasal worm counts by 83 % . intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts , though numerical ( P > 0.10 ) reductions of 7.4 % and 18.1 % , respectively were evident . indicators , feed intake , and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment . reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism ."
894,Abstract #894,"Failure : A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training ( HF-ACTION ) assigned 2331 outpatients with medically stable heart failure to exercise training or usual care . compared medical resource use and costs incurred by these patients during follow-up . data on medical resource use and hospital bills were collected throughout the trial for estimates of direct medical costs . costs were estimated using patient-level trial data , administrative records , and published unit costs . follow-up was 2.5 years . were 2297 hospitalizations in the exercise group and 2332 in the usual care group ( P = 0.92 ) . mean number of inpatient days was 13.6 ( standard deviation [ SD ] , 27.0 ) in the exercise group and 15.0 ( SD , 31.4 ) in the usual care group ( P = 0.23 ) . measures of resource use were similar between groups , except for trends indicating that fewer patients in the exercise group underwent high-cost inpatient procedures . direct medical costs per participant were an estimated $ 50,857 ( SD , $ 81,488 ) in the exercise group and $ 56,177 ( SD , $ 92,749 ) in the usual care group ( 95 % confidence interval for the difference , $ -12,755 to $ 1547 ; P = 0.10 ) . direct cost of exercise training was an estimated $ 1006 ( SD , $ 337 ) . time costs were an estimated $ 5018 ( SD , $ 4600 ) . cost of exercise training was relatively low for the health care system , but patients incurred significant time costs . this economic evaluation , there was little systematic benefit in terms of overall medical resource use with this intervention . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00047437 ."
895,Abstract #895,"symptoms reduce patients ' daily activities , impair their health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) , and increase their reports of anxiety and depression , all of which seem to be related to a decrease in asthma control . exercise training is known to improve aerobic fitness and reduce dyspnea in asthmatics ; however , its effect in reducing psychologic distress and symptoms remains poorly understood . evaluated the role of an aerobic training program in improving HRQoL ( primary aim ) and reducing psychologic distress and asthma symptoms ( secondary aims ) for patients with moderate or severe persistent asthma . total of 101 patients were randomly assigned to either a control group or an aerobic training group and studied during the period between medical consultations . group patients ( educational program plus breathing exercises ) ( n = 51 ) and training group patients ( educational program plus breathing exercises plus aerobic training ) ( n = 50 ) were followed twice a week during a 3-month period . and levels of anxiety and depression were quantified before and after treatment . symptoms were evaluated monthly . 3 months , the domains ( physical limitations , frequency of symptoms , and psychosocial ) and total scores of HRQoL significantly improved only in the training group patients ( P < .001 ) ; the number of asthma-symptom-free days and anxiety and depression levels also significantly improved in this group ( P < .001 ) . addition , a linear relationship between improvement in aerobic capacity and the days without asthma symptoms was observed ( r = 0.47 ; P < .01 ) . results suggest that aerobic training can play an important role in the clinical management of patients with persistent asthma . , they may be especially useful for patients with higher degrees of psychosocial distress . ; Identifier : NCT-00989365 ."
896,Abstract #896,"is not well known which exercise intensity is needed to obtain blood pressure reductions in response to endurance training . therefore compared the effect of training at lower and higher intensity on blood pressure , and , in addition on other cardiovascular risk factors , in at least 55-year-old sedentary men and women . used a randomized crossover design comprising three 10-week periods . the first and third periods , participants exercised at , respectively , lower and higher intensity ( 33 and 66 % of heart rate reserve ) in random order , with a sedentary period in between . programmes were identical except for intensity and were performed three times , 1 h per week . ( 18 men ) out of 48 randomized participants completed the study ; age averaged 59 years . change of aerobic power from baseline to the end of each period was more pronounced ( P < 0.05 ) with higher intensity ( +3.70 ml/kg min ; P < 0.001 ) than with lower intensity training ( +2.31 ml/kg min ; P < 0.001 ) . blood pressures at rest and during submaximal exercise were reduced with both intensities ( P < 0.01 ) , whereas diastolic office blood pressure was significantly reduced after higher intensity only ( P < 0.01 ) . were no significant differences in blood pressure reduction between intensities . blood pressure remained unchanged after training . higher intensity training reduced weight ( -1.09 kg ; P < 0.001 ) , body fat ( -0.85 % ; P < 0.001 ) , plasma triglycerides ( -0.17 mmol/l ; P < 0.05 ) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( -5.92 U/l ; P < 0.01 ) . and lower intensity training reduces systolic office and exercise blood pressure to a similar extent , but does not alter ambulatory blood pressure ; only higher intensity training favourably affects anthropometric characteristics and blood lipids ."
897,Abstract #897,"overproduction of acid and the associated illnesses linked to hypersecretion have a lifetime prevalence of 25-35 % in the United States . a variety of pharmaceutical agents have been used to reduce the production of acid , alarming new evidence questions the long-term efficacy and safety of the agents . issues coupled with the delayed onset of action and the return of symptoms in over 60 % of the patients is less than satisfactory . purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of a zinc salt could lead to a rapid and sustained increase in gastric pH in both animals and in humans and provide a new rapid acid suppression therapy . pH was measured with 2 ' ,7 ' - bis - ( 2-carboxyethyl ) -5 - and-6-carboxy-fluorescein in both human and rat gastric glands following an acid loada secretagogue . a separate series of studies , whole stomach acid secretion was monitored in rats . final study used healthy human volunteers while monitoring with a gastric pH measurement received placebo , zinc salt , or a zinc salt and proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) . demonstrate that exposure to ZnCl ( 2 ) immediately abolished secretagogue-induced acid secretion in isolated human and rat gastric glands , and in intact rat stomachs . low-dose zinc exposure effectively inhibited acid secretion in whole stomachs and isolated glands . a randomized cross-over study in 12 volunteers , exposure to a single dose of ZnCl ( 2 ) raised intragastric pH for over 3 h , including a fast onset of effect . findings demonstrate that zinc offers a novel rapid and prolonged therapy to inhibit gastric acid secretion in human and rat models ."
898,Abstract #898,"has reduced toxicities associated with radiation therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy . a phase II randomized trial , we investigated the ability of amifostine to reduce the toxicity of carboplatin plus radiotherapy ( RCT ) in patients with head and neck cancer . patients with stage III or IV squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck received RCT ( following surgery or as primary treatment ) . was given five days per week with daily fractions of 2 Gy , up to a total dose of 60 Gy in conjunction with carboplatin 70 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5 and days 21 through 26 . patients were randomised to receive RCT alone or preceded by a rapid infusion of amifostine ( 500 mg ) on the days when carboplatin was administered . receiving amifostine + RCT ( n = 25 ) had significantly reduced mucositis ( P = 0.0001 ) and xerostomia ( P = 0.0001 ) in comparison with patients receiving RCT alone ( n = 14 ) . , patients receiving amifostine + RCT had significantly less thrombocytopenia ( P = 0.001 ) and leukopenia ( P = 0.001 ) . 12 months following therapy , 79 % of patients receiving amifostine + RCT had no evidence of disease compared with 64 % of those receiving RCT alone . reduces the RCT-induced toxicities in patients with head and neck cancer and has no negative impact on antitumour efficacy ."
899,Abstract #899,"study was conducted to evaluate once-weekly liposomal amphotericin B ( L-AmB ) for Candida prophylaxis in very low birth weight ( VLBW ) neonates . prospective , randomized , open-label , placebo-controlled study included neonates who were < 32 weeks ' gestational age , < 7 days old , and weighing < 1500 g at birth . were randomized to receive L-AmB 5 mg/kg per week or placebo ( dextrose water ) and were followed until 6 weeks of age . cultures were obtained at baseline , at 72 hours , and weekly thereafter . drug was continued until 6 weeks after birth or the discontinuation of high-risk treatments and invasive devices , whichever occurred first . cultures were obtained as clinically indicated . primary end point was development of Candida colonization by 6 weeks ' postnatal age ; secondary end points included development of invasive candidiasis and occurrence of treatment-related adverse events . variables included renal and hepatic function tests , incidence of grade III-IV intraventricular hemorrhage ( IVH ) and necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) , and mortality . subjects were enrolled and randomized to receive L-AmB ( 12 males , 8 females ; 50 % white ) or placebo ( 12 males , 8 females ; 35 % white ) . were evenly distributed by gestational age , age at enrollment , birth weight , race , and sex . was withdrawn after completion of study treatment in 1 subject ( L-AmB ) ; 1 subject in each study arm died during the study ; and 3 subjects were transferred back to their referring institutions ( 1 L-AmB , 2 placebo ) . , 17 subjects in each arm completed all study procedures , although all 40 subjects were evaluable . before administration of study drug was noted in 4 L-AmB subjects ( 20 % ) and 1 placebo subject ( 5 % ) ; 1 ( 5 % ) and 3 ( 15 % ) subjects in the respective groups developed colonization while receiving study drug . L-AmB subjects and 1 placebo subject developed candidiasis . subject in each group died ; these deaths were not considered related to study drug or fungal infection . were no clinical differences between groups in the incidence of grade III-IV IVH , NEC , hypokalemia , nephrotoxicity , need for platelet or packed red blood cell transfusion , or mortality . 5 mg/kg once weekly was generally well tolerated in these VLBW infants . data did not allow evaluation of efficacy . larger , multicenter , randomized clinical trial of L-AmB for Candida prophylaxis that is appropriately powered is warranted ."
900,Abstract #900,"primary objective was to assess the nature and incidence of adverse events after a fourth dose of a tricomponent acellular pertussis-diphtheriatetanus vaccine given in the second year of life after primary vaccination with the same vaccine at 3 , 4 , and 5 months of age . secondary objective was to analyze the immunogeniecity of the booster vaccination . the 5361 children enrolled ( aged 14 to 28 months ) , adverse reactions were specifically solicited from the first 1863 enrollees for the first 4 days after vaccination and then were unsolicited for the remainder of the 4 weeks of follow-up ( group 1 ) . the next 3498 subjects , safety and reactogenicify were entirely unsolicited for this 4-week period ( group 2 ) . was analyzed by means of prebooster and postbooster serum antibody titers for all vaccine components in a random subgroup of 197 children from group 1 . symptoms elicited reports of at least one symptom in 1314 of 1809 children in group 1 ( 72.6 % ) , including 993 ( 54.9 % ) with local and 885 ( 48.9 % ) with general symptoms during the first 4 days after vaccination . symptoms were gathered in an unsolicited fashion , only 580 of 3498 children in group 2 ( 16.6 % ) had a reported symptom during this time , consisting of 344 ( 9.8 % ) local and 319 ( 9.1 % ) general symptoms , respectively . unsolicited symptom , areactive edematous swelling of the whole thigh , occurred in 62 children ( 1.1 % ) , with 45 and 17 reports in groups 1 and 2 , respectively . vast majority of all reported symptoms were mild to moderate , and all children recovered without sequelae . serious adverse events were reported , but none was considered to be related to the vaccination . analysis showed a vaccine response to pertussis toxin in 99.5 % of subjects , to filamentous hemagglutinin in 98.5 % , and to pertactin ( 69 kd outer membrane protein ) in 99 % . subjects had postvaccination antibody titers of 0.1 IU/ml or greater against diphtheria and tetanus toxoids ."
901,Abstract #901,"presenting with bleeding peptic ulcers are often kept fasted . contribution of feeding in bleeding recurrence rate is unknown . aim of this prospective controlled study was to evaluate the effect of early feeding in ( a ) the bleeding peptic ulcer recurrence rate and ( b ) the outcome of patients with severe bleeding peptic ulcer . January through December 1995 , all consecutive patients admitted for active bleeding from peptic ulcer were included . patients underwent emergency endoscopic injection with adrenaline around and into the base of the ulcer and were randomized in two groups . A patients ( n = 12 ) received milk on day 1 , mixed warm feeding on day 2 and normal diet from day 3 , Group B patients ( n = 14 ) were nil by mouth until day 3 , then received milk on day 4 , mixed warm feeding on day 5 , and normal diet from day 6 . patients ( 17 men , 9 women , mean age 71 years ) were included . day 0 , both groups ( group A vs group B ) were comparable ( mean + / - SD ) : hemoglobin ( 8.8 + / - 2.7 vs 8.1 + / - 2.0 g/dL ) , transfusion requirements in the first 24 h after admission ( 2.2 + / - 2.0 vs 2.1 + / - 1.4 units ) , localization of ulcers ( duodenal ulcer : 8 vs 9 , gastric ulcer : 4 vs 5 ) . were no significant differences in group A and group B for bleeding ulcer recurrence rate ( 0 vs 1 patient ) and transfusion requirements ( 2.6 + / - 2.1 vs 3.3 + / - 2.1 units ) . stay was significantly shorter in group A ( 6.8 + / - 2.1 days ) than in group B ( 9.9 + / - 3.7 days ) , P = 0.01 . results did not provide any evidence of advantages of fasting in patients with active bleeding peptic ulcer treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy . feeding did not worsen outcome in patients with active bleeding peptic ulcer and reduced hospital stay ."
902,Abstract #902,"effects have been reported during topiramate ( TPM ) treatment , but effects relative to standard antiepileptic drugs are unclear . authors compared TPM and valproate ( VPA ) added to carbamazepine ( CBZ ) in adults with partial seizures . comprehensive neuropsychological test battery including cognitive , mood , and quality of life measures was used in this multicenter , randomized , double-blind study . a 4-week baseline , study drug was titrated over 8 weeks to target dosages of 400 mg/d TPM , 2,250 mg/d VPA , or placebo and then maintained for an additional 12 weeks . neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline and at the end of titration and maintenance periods . more patients on TPM dropped out . data at all three test periods were available for 62 patients . the end of maintenance , effects of TPM and VPA were comparable , except for two variables ( Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Controlled Oral Word Association Test ) , in which TPM had greater negative effects relative to VPA . statistical differences appeared to be due in large part to a small subset of patients who were more negatively affected by TPM . effects of TPM relative to VPA were greater at the end of titration than at the end of maintenance . adjunctive therapy at moderate dose escalation rate , the cognitive effects of TPM are slightly worse overall than VPA in patients who tolerate therapy over several months ."
903,Abstract #903,"compare the therapeutic warfarin and aspirin efficacies for treatments of atrial fibrillation ( AF ) complicated with stable coronary heart disease particularly in older Chinese patients . our prospective study 101 patients with AF and stable coronary heart disease older than 80 years were randomized into two groups . group ( n = 51 ) basically received 1.25 mg/day warfarin per os , followed by addition of 0.5 - 1.0 mg/day from day 3 - 5 if the international normalized ratio ( INR ) was initially < 1.5 and in order to achieve a maintained INR between 1.6 and 2.5 ( warfarin group ) . second group ( n = 50 ) received 100 mg aspirin per day ( control group ) . patients were medicated and monitored for a period of 2 years . primary endpoint was the occurrence of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism , and the composite secondary endpoint was non-fatal myocardial infarction and all causes of death . safety evaluation , the hemorrhage rates were recorded . warfarin medication was superior regarding the overall occurrence of ischemic stroke or systemic embolism as well as non-fatal myocardial infarction and all causes of death outcomes compared to aspirin administration during the 2 years of medication ( 17.6 % vs. 36.0 % , p = 0.03 ) , while there was no significant difference of mild ( 5 vs. 4 ) , severe ( 2 vs. 1 ) , and fatal ( 1 vs. 1 ) hemorrhage incidences between the warfarin and aspirin groups ( p > 0.05 ) . was found to be more efficacious than aspirin for an anticoagulation therapy of older Chinese patients with AF and stable coronary heart disease ."
904,Abstract #904,"study augments a randomized controlled trial to analyze the cost-effectiveness of 2 standardized treatments for major depression relative to each other and to the `` usual care '' provided by primary care physicians . randomized controlled trial was conducted in which primary care patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for current major depression were assigned to pharmacotherapy ( where nortriptyline hydrochloride was given ) or interpersonal psychotherapy provided in a standardized framework or a primary physician 's usual care . outcome measures , depression-free days and quality-adjusted days , were developed using information on depressive symptoms over time . costs of care were calculated . ratios comparing the incremental outcomes with the incremental costs for the different treatments were estimated . analyses were performed . terms of both economic costs and quality-of-life outcomes , patients assigned to the pharmacotherapy group did slightly better than those assigned to interpersonal psychotherapy . standardized therapies provided better outcomes than primary physician 's usual care , but each consumed more resources . meaningful cost-offsets were found . incremental direct cost per additional depression-free day for pharmacotherapy relative to usual care ranges from $ 12.66 to $ 16.87 which translates to direct cost per quality-adjusted year gained from $ 11270 to $ 19510 . treatments for depression lead to better outcomes than usual care but also lead to higher costs . , the estimates of the cost per quality-of-life year gained for standardized pharmacotherapy are comparable with those found for other treatments provided in routine practice ."
905,Abstract #905,"confirm the efficacy and tolerability of extended release ( ER ) trospium chloride in women with overactive bladder syndrome ( OAB ) , data from two identical phase III studies were analyzed . ( aged > or = 18 years ) who had OAB with urinary urgency , frequency , and urge urinary incontinence ( UUI ) were randomized to trospium ER 60 mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks . analysis included 989 women ( trospium ER , n = 484 ; placebo , n = 505 ) . examined included changes from baseline in number of toilet voids and UUI episodes/day at week 12 . data were analyzed using rank analysis of variance . week 12 , significantly greater mean reductions in numbers of toilet voids and UUI episodes/day occurred with trospium ER versus placebo ( P < 0.0001 ) . events considered at least possibly related to treatment with trospium ER included dry mouth ( 11.4 % ) and constipation ( 8.9 % ) . ER was effective and well tolerated in women with OAB ."
906,Abstract #906,"effects of right ventricular apical pacing have prompted the search for alternative pacing sites . from pacemaker studies suggest that the mid-septum may be a hemodynamically favorable pacing site within the right ventricle . , data on the safety of implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( ICD ) lead placement in this location are limited . aim of the SPICE study is to ascertain that implantation of a ventricular ICD lead at the mid-septum is not inferior to the traditional apical site in terms of feasibility and safety . total , 286 patients with the indication for ICD implantation will be included in the study and stratified in a 1:1 ratio to have the lead placed in the right ventricular apex or the mid-septum . outcome measure of this randomized , prospective study is the event-free survival of lead-related complications at 3months . combined end point includes the feasibility to reach the randomized pacing site in combination with the achievement of adequate pacing , sensing , and defibrillation thresholds . analysis and sample size calculation are based on a non-inferiority design . trial will primarily assess the feasibility , safety , and efficacy of right ventricular ICD lead positioning in the mid-septum compared to the traditional apical position . of non-inferiority of the novel lead position in terms of applicability and safety will be the prerequisite for potential further trials that may evaluate long-term clinical effects associated with mid-septal lead positions ."
907,Abstract #907,"perinatal folic acid supplementation , the need for additional prenatal prophylaxis of iron with or without other micronutrients remains unclear . aim to investigate the maternal and infant health effects of iron plus folic acid and multiple micronutrient supplements vs folic acid alone when provided to pregnant women with no or mild anemia . this randomized double-blind controlled trial , 18,775 nulliparous pregnant women with mild or no anemia were enrolled from 5 counties of northern China from May 2006 through April 2009 . were randomly assigned to daily folic acid ( 400 g ) ( control ) , folic acid-iron ( 30 mg ) , or folic acid , iron , and 13 additional vitamins and minerals provided before 20 weeks gestation to delivery . outcome was perinatal mortality . outcomes included neonatal and infant mortality , preterm delivery , birth weight , birth length , gestational duration , and maternal hemoglobin concentration and anemia . total of 92.7 % of women consumed 80 % to 100 % of supplements as instructed . average , women consumed 177 supplements . with daily prenatal folic acid , supplementation with iron-folic acid with or without other micronutrients did not affect the rate of perinatal mortality ( 8.8 , 8.7 , and 8.3 , respectively ) per 1000 births , and relative risks ( RRs ) were 1.00 ( 95 % CI , 0.68-1 .46 ; P = .99 ) and 0.94 ( 95 % CI , 0.64-1 .39 ; P = .76 ) , respectively . of other adverse maternal and infant outcomes also did not differ , except that RRs for third-trimester maternal anemia were 0.72 ( 95 % CI , 0.63-0 .83 ; P < .001 ) and 0.71 ( 95 % CI , 0.62-0 .82 ; P < .001 ) , respectively . iron-folic acid and other micronutrient supplements provided to Chinese women with no or mild anemia prevented later pregnancy anemia beyond any benefit conferred by folic acid alone but did not affect perinatal mortality or other infant outcomes . Identifier : NCT00133744 ."
908,Abstract #908,"reported on a novel diagnostic method for colorectal cancer ( CRC ) using a DNA-based analysis of isolated colonocytes from feces . aim of the present study was to investigate with real-time PCR and direct sequencing analysis whether the cancer cells could be detected in feces stored under different conditions after evacuation . were collected from patients with CRC . were divided into 21 pieces and each piece was manipulated at time after arrival ( zero time ) and after storage of 24 , 48 and 72 h at 4 or 37 degrees C. Colonocytes were isolated from each separate fecal sample , and DNA and RNA were extracted from the colonocytes . investigated the relationship between storage conditions and content of extracted DNA or RNA with real-time PCR . also clarified the gene alterations regarding APC and p53 genes under different storage conditions with direct sequence analysis . the amount of genomic DNA and total RNA recovered from colonocytes isolated from each fecal piece decreased significantly at 37 degrees C at any storage time compared with 0 h , the gene alterations were detected independent of any storage conditions . colonocytes recovery rate from feces was unchanging for 3 days as long as the feces were kept at 4 degrees C. However , the identical point mutation to one obtained in cancer tissue was detected in the corresponding exfoliated colonocytes even after storage for 72 h at 37 degrees C , which suggests that exfoliated CRC cells maintain their configuration in feces at least 3 days after evacuation ."
909,Abstract #909,"purpose of this investigation was to present 5-years of quality-of-life ( QOL ) results of a multicenter randomized phase III trial , assessing intra-arterial ( IA ) versus standard intravenous ( IV ) chemoradiation for inoperable stage IV head and neck cancer . of 71 patients through European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core Module ( EORTC QLQ-C30 ) and Head and Neck Module ( QLQ-H & N35 ) , and trial-specific questionnaires . consisted of standard radiotherapy with 4 weekly IA or 3 weekly IV cisplatin infusions . significant differences in treatment-related QOL problems between 1 and 5 years posttreatment were observed , except for `` dry mouth '' ( gradually improving ; p = .004 ) . have lower fatigue levels ( p = .04 ) , better voice ( p = 0.3 ) , and swallowing ( p = .03 ) than patients who could not complete all subsequent follow-up questionnaires . treatment-related QOL issues deteriorate during treatment , improve in the first year , and then remain stable , except xerostomia , improving up to the 5-year assessment point . show more positive scores for fatigue , voice , and swallowing . issues at 1 year , thus , for most already represent those after 5-year follow-up ."
910,Abstract #910,"prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis is recommended in high-risk patients undergoing esophageal dilation , a high-risk procedure . studies suggest that the oropharynx is the source of bacteremia . topical antibiotic mouthwash , which reduces bacterial colonization of the oral flora , might decrease bacteremia rates and would be an attractive alternative to systemic administration of antibiotics . undergoing outpatient bougienage for a benign or malignant esophageal stricture were randomized in a clinician-blinded fashion to either pre-procedure clindamycin mouthwash or no treatment . were stratified by type of dilator used . cultures were obtained immediately after the first esophageal dilation and 5 minutes after the last dilation . patients were enrolled : 30 in the treatment arm and 29 in the no-treatment arm . were 7 positive blood cultures : 5 in the treatment arm and 2 in the no-treatment arm . identified organisms were Streptococcus viridans ( 2 ) , Staphylococcus mucilaginous ( 2 ) , Lactobacillus ( 2 ) , and Actinomyces odontolyticus ( 1 ) . with bacteremia reported greater subjective difficulty with dysphagia ( p = 0.01 ) irrespective of stricture diameter , procurement of biopsies , or dilator type . percentage of cases with bacteremia for all dilations performed in this manner was 12 % ( 95 % CI [ 5.3 , 23.6 ] ) , much lower than previously cited . organisms in this study were oral commensals . appears to be no effect of a clindamycin mouthwash on reducing bacteremia after esophageal dilation ."
911,Abstract #911,"association of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism with mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) has not been established . evaluate the association of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism with MCI in a large population-based cohort . cross-sectional , population-based study was conducted in Olmsted County , Minnesota . selected participants were aged 70 to 89 years on October 1 , 2004 , and were without documented prevalent dementia [ CORRECTED ] . total of 2050 participants were evaluated and underwent in-person interview , neurologic evaluation , and neuropsychological testing to assess performance in memory , attention/executive function , and visuospatial and language domains . were categorized by consensus as being cognitively normal , having MCI , or having dementia according to published criteria . and subclinical hypothyroidism were ascertained from a medical records linkage system . of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism with MCI . 1904 eligible participants , the frequency of MCI was 16 % in 1450 individuals with normal thyroid function , 17 % in 313 persons with clinical hypothyroidism , and 18 % in 141 individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism . adjusting for covariates ( age , educational level , sex , apolipoprotein E 4 , depression , diabetes mellitus , hypertension , stroke , body mass index , and coronary artery disease ) we found no significant association between clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and MCI ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 0.99 [ 95 % CI , 0.66-1 .48 ] and 0.88 [ 0.38-2 .03 ] , respectively ) . effect of sex interaction was seen on these effects . stratified analysis , the odds of MCI with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism among men was 1.02 ( 95 % CI , 0.57-1 .82 ) and 1.29 ( 0.68-2 .44 ) and , among women , was 1.04 ( 0.66-1 .66 ) and 0.86 ( 0.37-2 .02 ) , respectively . this population-based cohort of elderly people , neither clinical nor subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with MCI . findings need to be validated in a separate setting using the published criteria for MCI and confirmed in a longitudinal study ."
912,Abstract #912,"promyelocytic leukemia ( APL ) is rare in children . acid ( ATRA ) combined with chemotherapy , the reference treatment of APL , is generally considered to produce similar results in children and adults . , previously published childhood APL studies have generally analyzed all patients age < 18 years as a group , without further dividing according to age . compared disease characteristics and outcomes of children ( age 12 years ) , adolescents ( 13 to 18 years ) , and adults ( > 18 years ) included in two multicenter APL clinical trials ( APL 93 and 2000 trials ) . the 833 patients age 60 years included in the two trials , 26 ( 3 % ) , 58 ( 7 % ) , and 749 ( 90 % ) were children , adolescents , and adults , respectively . had significantly higher baseline WBC counts ( P < .001 ) . complete remission ( CR ) rate ( 92 % , 100 % , and 94.5 % , respectively ) and 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse ( CIR ; 28 % , 20 % , and 23 % , respectively ) did not differ between children , adolescents , and adults , whereas adolescents had significantly better overall survival ( OS ; 5-year OS , 93.6 % v 80.4 % in adults and 80.4 % in children ; P = .03 ) . , in children age 4 years , the 5-year CIR was 52 % , compared with 17.6 % in children age 5 to 12 years ( P = .006 ) , although most of the younger children who relapsed experienced durable salvage with autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation . and children age > 4 years with APL treated with ATRA and chemotherapy have outcomes at least as favorable as those of adults . children seem to experience more relapses and may require reinforcement of first-line treatment ."
913,Abstract #913,"data have demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation ( LPO ) levels and oxidative stress in periodontitis . ( MDA ) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) are both increased during oxidative stress . , this study examined SOD concentration , total oxidative status ( TOS ) and MDA levels in periodontal patients and investigated the longitudinal effect of periodontal therapy on the index levels of chronic periodontitis ( CP ) patients . , saliva and gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) samples were obtained from 48 CP patients and 35 healthy control subjects prior to , as well as after 16 weeks following non-surgical post-periodontal therapy . , TOS and SOD and clinical parameters were determined pre - and post-therapy . levels of TOS and SOD values were significantly higher in the CP group than in the control group ( p < 0.05 ) , but only MDA in GCF . therapy , serum , saliva and GCF TOS and SOD levels significantly decreased compared to basal levels ( p < 0.05 ) , but only MDA in GCF . was higher in the periodontal region , with TOS and SOD increasing both locally and peripherally . therapy can restore and control the subject antioxidant capacity by locally and systemically modifying the levels of MDA , TOS and SOD ."
914,Abstract #914,"dysfunction and plaque formation are features of atherosclerosis . of L-type calcium channels or HMG-CoA pathway improves endothelial function and reduces plaque size . , we investigated in stable coronary artery disease ( CAD ) the effects of a calcium antagonist on coronary endothelial function and plaque size . 454 patients undergoing PCI , acetylcholine ( 10 ( -6 ) to 10 ( -4 ) M ) was infused in a coronary segment without significant CAD . in coronary diameter were measured and an intravascular ultrasound examination ( IVUS ) was performed . top of statin therapy , patients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to placebo or nifedipine GITS 30-60 mg/day and followed for 18-24 months . pressure was lower on nifedipine than on placebo by 5.8 / 2.1 mmHg ( P < 0.001 ) as was total and LDL cholesterol ( 4.8 mg/dL ; P = 0.495 ) , while HDL was higher ( 3.6 mg/dL ; P = 0.026 ) . the most constricting segment , nifedipine reduced vasoconstriction to acetylcholine ( 14.0 % vs. placebo 7.7 % ; P < 0.0088 ) . percentage change in plaque volume with nifedipine and placebo , respectively , was 1.0 and 1.9 % , ns . ENCORE II trial demonstrates in a multi-centre setting that calcium channel blockade with nifedipine for up to 2 years improves coronary endothelial function on top of statin treatment , but did not show an effect of nifedipine on plaque volume ."
915,Abstract #915,"grafting materials have been used for preservation of the dimensions of the residual alveolar ridge following tooth extraction . purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical , histomorphometric , and radiographic healing 4 months after tooth extraction with or without placement of a putty-form anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix combined with a synthetic cell-binding peptide P-15 ( Putty P15 ) to determine the effect on alveolar ridge preservation following exodontia . consecutive subjects in need of extraction of maxillary premolars were recruited . subjects were randomly assigned to the test ( Putty P15 and bioabsorbable collagen wound dressing material ) or control ( bioabsorbable collagen wound dressing material only ) group . were recorded at 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , and 16 weeks after ridge preservation procedures . 16 weeks , a reentry surgery was performed , clinical measurements were repeated , and bone core biopsies were obtained for histomorphometric analysis prior to dental implant placement . control group had a mean reduction in ridge height of -0.56 + / - 1.04 mm , whereas alveolar ridge height appeared to remain unchanged in the test group ( 0.15 + / - 1.76 ) . test group showed a mean reduction in ridge width of -1.31 + / - 0.96 mm , whereas the mean value for the control group was -1.43 + / - 1.05 mm . statistical significance was observed between the groups . bone density was significantly superior in the test group ( 2.08 + / - 0.65 versus 3.33 + / - 0.65 ) . analyses revealed similar percentages of bone vitality ( test : 29.92 % + / - 8.46 % ; control : 36.54 % + / - 7.73 % ) . percentages of bone marrow and fibrous tissue also were observed ( test : 65.25 % + / - 6.41 % ; control : 62.67 % + / - 7.41 % ) . 6.25 % of the Putty P15 particles remained at 4 months in the analyzed biopsies . favorable response was observed when Putty P15 was applied to extraction sockets , suggesting that it may be useful for alveolar ridge preservation prior to dental implant placement ."
916,Abstract #916,"palsy is the commonest cause of severe physical disability in childhood . many years treatment has centred on the use of physiotherapy and orthotics to overcome the problems of leg spasticity , which interferes with walking and can lead to limb deformity . botulinum toxin ( BT-A ) offers a targeted form of therapy to reduce spasticity in specific muscle groups . determine whether intramuscular BT-A can improve walking in children with cerebral palsy . , double blind , placebo controlled trial . patients with spastic diplegia or hemiplegia were enrolled . two received botulinum toxin and 18 received placebo . primary outcome measure was video gait analysis and secondary outcome measures were gross motor function measure ( GMFM ) , physiological cost index ( PCI ) , and passive ankle dorsiflexion . gait analysis showed clinically and statistically significant improvement in initial foot contact following BT-A at six weeks and 12 weeks compared to placebo . eight per cent of BT-A treated children showed clinical improvement in VGA compared to 17 % of placebo treated children . GMFM ( walking dimension ) showed a statistically significant improvement in favour of the botulinum toxin treated group . in PCI and passive ankle dorsiflexion were not statistically significant . study gives further support to the use of intramuscular botulinum toxin type A as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy and orthoses to reduce spasticity and improve functional mobility in children with spastic diplegic or hemiplegic cerebral palsy ."
917,Abstract #917,"developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD ) show decreased cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone . pilot study of low-dose hydrocortisone therapy for prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency showed improved survival without BPD at 36 weeks ' postmenstrual age , particularly in infants exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis . ventilated infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g were enrolled into this multicenter , randomized , masked trial between 12 and 48 hours of life . received placebo or hydrocortisone , 1 mg/kg per day for 12 days , then 0.5 mg/kg per day for 3 days . at 36 weeks ' postmenstrual age was defined clinically ( receiving supplemental oxygen ) and physiologically ( supplemental oxygen required for O2 saturation > or = 90 % ) . enrollment was stopped at 360 patients because of an increase in spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in the hydrocortisone-treated group . without BPD was similar , defined clinically or physiologically , as were mortality , head circumference , and weight at 36 weeks . patients exposed to histologic chorioamnionitis ( n = 149 ) , hydrocortisone treatment significantly decreased mortality and increased survival without BPD , defined clinically or physiologically . treatment , cortisol values and response to adrenocorticotropic hormone were similar between groups . infants receiving indomethacin had more gastrointestinal perforations than placebo-treated infants receiving indomethacin , suggesting an interactive effect . of early adrenal insufficiency did not improve survival without BPD in the overall study population ; however , treatment of chorioamnionitis-exposed infants significantly decreased mortality and improved survival without BPD . hydrocortisone therapy did not suppress adrenal function or compromise short-term growth . combination of indomethacin and hydrocortisone should be avoided ."
918,Abstract #918,"hypothesized that delirium symptoms may respond differently to antipsychotic therapy . purpose of this paper was to retrospectively compare duration and time to first resolution of individual delirium symptoms from the database of a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study comparing quetiapine ( Q ) or placebo ( P ) , both with haloperidol rescue , for critically ill patients with delirium . for 10 delirium symptoms from the eight-domain , intensive care delirium screening checklist ( ICDSC ) previously collected every 12 hours were extracted for 29 study patients . between the Q and P groups were compared using a cut-off P-value of 0.10 for this exploratory study . ICDSC scores ( 5 ( 4 to 7 ) ( Q ) vs 5 ( 4 to 6 ) ) ( median , interquartile range ( IQR ) ) and % of patients with each ICDSC symptom were similar in the two groups ( all P > 0.10 ) . patients with the delirium symptom at baseline , use of Q may lead to a shorter time ( days ) to first resolution of symptom fluctuation ( 4 ( Q ) vs. 14 , P = 0.004 ) , inattention ( 3 vs. 8 , P = .10 ) and disorientation ( 2 vs. 10 , P = 0.10 ) but a longer time to first resolution of agitation ( 3 vs. 1 , P = 0.04 ) and hyperactivity ( 5 vs. 1 , P = 0.07 ) . all patients , Q-treated patients tended to spend a smaller percent of time with inattention ( 47 ( 0 to 67 ) vs. 78 ( 43 to 100 ) , P = 0.025 ) , hallucinations ( 0 ( 0 to 17 ) vs. 28 ( 0 to 43 ) , P = 0.10 ) and symptom fluctuation ( 47 ( 19 to 67 ) vs. 89 ( 33 to 00 ) , P = 0.04 ] and there was a trend for Q-treated patients to spend a greater percent of time at an appropriate level of consciousness ( 26 % ( 13 to 63 % ) vs. 14 % ( 0 to 33 % ) , P = 0.17 ] . exploratory analysis suggests that quetiapine may resolve several intensive care unit ( ICU ) delirium symptoms faster than the placebo . symptom resolution appears to differ in association with the pharmacologic intervention ( that is , P vs Q , both with as needed haloperidol ) . studies evaluating antipsychotics in ICU patients with delirium should measure duration and resolution of individual delirium symptoms and their relation to long-term outcomes ."
919,Abstract #919,"sought to compare the magnitude of ischemia precipitated by both treadmill exercise and dobutamine stress echocardiography . it is alleged that dobutamine stress produces ischemia similar in degree and extent to that produced during treadmill exercise , a direct comparison with treadmill exercise , the most common form of exercise , has not been performed . consecutive patients with known coronary artery disease underwent both stress tests on the same day , in random order . patients ( 73 % ) had positive results on exercise echocardiography compared with 53 ( 62 % ) who had positive results on dobutamine stress ( p = NS ) . the 53 patients with positive dobutamine test results , wall motion abnormalities appeared after the addition of atropine in 35 patients ( 66 % ) . dobutamine infusion , 22 patients ( 26 % ) had a hypotensive response that was reversed in 16 by prompt administration of atropine . peak dobutamine-atropine stress , heart rate was higher than that at peak exercise ( p < 0.001 ) , whereas systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product were higher at peak exercise than at peak dobutamine-atropine stress ( p = 0.0001 ) . the 53 patients with positive results on both tests , peak wall motion score index was greater with treadmill exercise than with dobutamine-atropine infusion ( [ mean + / - SD ] 1.73 + / - 0.45 vs. 1.57 + / - 0.44 , p < 0.001 ) . immediately after treadmill exercise induces a greater ischemic burden than dobutamine-atropine infusion . the clinical setting , exercise echocardiography should therefore be chosen over dobutamine echocardiography for diagnosing ischemia , when possible . dobutamine echocardiography is used as an alternative modality , maximal heart rate should always be achieved by the addition of atropine ."
920,Abstract #920,"( DDD ) pacing has generally been regarded as `` physiologic pacing '' and therefore expected to be superior to ventricular pacing . randomized trials have so far failed to demonstrate significant reductions in the incidences of mortality , stroke , and heart failure . has been shown that unnecessary ventricular pacing in patients with sinus node dysfunction or only intermittent atrioventricular block is associated with ventricular desynchronization and increased risk of atrial tachyarrhythmias ( ATA ) . MINimizE Right Ventricular pacing to prevent Atrial fibrillation and heart failure ( MINERVA ) study is a prospective , multi-center , randomized , international , single-blind , controlled trial designed to determine whether physiologic pacing through the managed ventricular pacing ( MVP ) algorithm combined with preventive atrial pacing ( PAP ) and atrial antitachycardia pacing ( ATP ) is superior to standard DDD pacing in terms of 2-year reduction in death , permanent ATA , and cardiovascular hospitalizations . with standard class I or II indications for permanent DDD pacing and history of ATA will receive a Medtronic EnRhythm implantable pacemaker ( Medtronic , Minneapolis , MN ) . a 1-month run-in period , patients will be randomized in a 1:1:1 manner to the DDD ( control group , all OFF ) , the DDDRP ( MVP + PAP + ATP ON ) , and the MVP group ( only MVP ON ) . to 1,300 patients will be included in approximately 70 centers in Europe , the Middle East , and Asia . MINERVA study will make an important contribution to the management of patients with paroxysmal ATA and accepted indications for dual-chamber pacemaker implantation by determining whether physiologic pacing combined with PAP and ATP is superior to standard DDD pacing in terms of reduction of mortality , incidence of permanent ATA , and cardiovascular hospitalizations ."
921,Abstract #921,"evidence is available on the relative restrictiveness of seclusion and mechanical restraint , although guidelines recommend use of the least restrictive intervention . study compared the restrictiveness of these interventions from patients ' point of view . were collected from three general psychiatric admission units in South Germany . total of 102 patients with schizophrenia , an affective disorder , or a personality disorder were included in a comprehensive cohort study with optional randomization . of human rights as measured by the Coercion Experience Scale ( CES ) were the primary outcome variable . total scores range from 1 to 5 , with higher scores indicating a higher level of restriction . patients were randomly assigned to seclusion ( N = 12 ) or mechanical restraint ( N = 14 ) . total of 76 were excluded from randomization and included in the cohort arms ( 48 experienced seclusion , and 28 experienced mechanical restraint ) . difference in mean CES total scores was found between the randomly assigned patients after they experienced seclusion or mechanical restraint ( seclusion median score = 1.88 [ range 1.24-4 .24 ] ; restraint median score = 2.14 [ range 1.28-4 .00 ] ) . randomly assigned patients and patients in the cohort arms were considered as a group , no significant difference in CES scores was found ( seclusion median score = .40 , [ range 1.1-4 .2 ] ; restraint median score = 2.59 [ range 1.1-4 .0 ] ) . results do not provide evidence for using one intervention rather than the other . decisions should take into account patients ' preferences . controlled trials of coercive interventions are feasible . studies contribute to the development of ethical and evidence-based guidelines ."
922,Abstract #922,"evaluate the visual and growth factor changes of two different intravitreal bevacizumab dosages for neovascular age-related macular degeneration . eyes of 50 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration were randomized to receive 3 monthly intravitreal injections of 1.25 mg ( 24 eyes ) or 2.5 mg ( 26 eyes ) bevacizumab . were observed for 6 months , and the logarithm of minimal angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity , central foveal thickness , aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor , and pigment epithelial derived factor levels were assessed . groups had significant central foveal thickness reductions at 6 months ( P < 0.001 ) . ( 23.1 % ) eyes in the 2.5-mg group lost 3 or more lines compared with none in the 1.25-mg group ( P = 0.023 ) . significant difference in logarithm of minimal angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity , central foveal thickness , or growth factors levels was found between the two groups at all visits . with persistent angiographic leakage at 3 months had significantly higher baseline aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor levels compared with eyes without leakage ( P = 0.013 ) . regression analysis showed that high baseline aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor level was the only significant factor associated with persistent leakage at 3 months ( P = 0.040 ) . monthly intravitreal 1.25-mg bevacizumab injections seemed to result in better visual outcome than 2.5 mg bevacizumab . aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor level might have a role in predicting angiographic response after bevacizumab injections ."
923,Abstract #923,"non-adherence has an important impact on treatment efficacy and healthcare burden across a range of conditions and therapeutic areas . aim of this analysis was to determine predictors of non-adherence and impact of non-adherence on treatment response in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . analysis of a 13-week randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled study of OROS methylphenidate ( MPH ) 54 and 72 mg/day . efficacy variable was the Conners ' Adult ADHD Rating Scale - Screening Version ( CAARS :O - SV ) . adherence was calculated as average daily adherence ( 100 capsules taken/2 ) , with overall adherence calculated as the average daily adherence . of adherence were assessed using mixed-effects logistic regression . statistics were generated for change in CAARS :O - SV score for adherent ( > 95 % adherence ) and non-adherent subjects . of change were analyzed using a mixed model . were allocated to OROS MPH ( 54 mg , n = 87 ; 72 mg , n = 92 ) or placebo ( n = 97 ) . adherence was 92.6 % and 93.3 % ( OROS MPH 54 and 72 mg/day , respectively ) , versus 97.5 % ( placebo ) . was higher and less variable in completers . significantly associated with non-adherence included female sex , shorter time since ADHD diagnosis , higher education level ( completion of university ) and score on the Drug Use Screening Inventory psychiatric disorders subscale . from baseline in CAARS :O - SV score were numerically greater in subjects defined as adherent than in those who were non-adherent . predictors of CAARS :O - SV change in patients who completed the study included percentage adherence up to the point of assessment ( p < 0.0001 ) , baseline score ( p < 0.0001 ) and family history of ADHD ( p = 0.0003 ) . results of this analysis suggest that newly diagnosed patients , those with a high score on the DUSI-R psychiatric disorder scale , women , and subjects with high educational degrees may be at increased risk of non-adherence . and policymakers should therefore pay special attention to these individuals , as non-adherence is a significant predictor of reduced response to treatment . # : 2007-002111-82 ."
924,Abstract #924,"compare bidirectional knotless barbed suture versus standard sutures , with either extracorporeal or intracorporeal knots , and to assess the feasibility , safety , and rapidity in repairing a uterine wall defect after laparoscopic myomectomy . was a randomized clinical study having a Canadian Task Force Classification of I. tertiary-care university-based teaching hospitals , 117 women who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy were enrolled . accord with randomization , uterine wall defects were closed with either extracorporeal ( poliglecaprone 25 ; Monocryl-1 ; Ethicon Inc. , Somerville , NJ ) or intracorporeal ( polyglactin 910 ; Vicryl-1 ; Ethicon Inc. ) knots or a bidirectional knotless barbed suture ( Quill-0 ; Angiotech Pharmaceuticals , Inc. , Vancouver , BC , Canada ) . required to suture was significantly lower in the group operated on with a bidirectional suture than in groups with traditional sutures ( P < .001 ) . significant difference was observed in operative time among the study groups . degree of surgical difficulty was significantly lower in the Quill group than in the other groups . of barbed sutures reduces the time required to repair a uterine wall defect during laparoscopic myomectomy . a follow-up of patients carried out at 3 months , 6 months , and 1 year after the surgery , there were no wound dehiscence , no bleeding , and no other potential major complications ."
925,Abstract #925,"study sought to report the results of a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing paclitaxel-coated balloons ( PCB ) versus drug-eluting stents ( DES ) in long infrapopliteal lesions . have an established role in the treatment of short infrapopliteal lesions , whereas there is increasing evidence for the use of PCB in longer below-the-knee lesions . criteria were patients with Rutherford classes 3 to 6 and angiographically documented infrapopliteal disease with a minimum lesion length of 70 mm . primary endpoint was target lesion restenosis > 50 % assessed by digital angiography at 6 months . endpoints included immediate post-procedure stenosis and target lesion revascularization . patients were randomized to undergo infrapopliteal PCB angioplasty ( 25 arteries in 25 limbs ; PCB group ) or primary DES placement ( 30 arteries in 27 limbs ; DES group ) . residual post-procedure stenosis was significantly lower in DES ( 9.6 2.2 % vs. 24.8 3.5 % in PCB ; p < 0.0001 ) . 6 months , 5 patients died ( 2 in PCB vs. 3 in DES ; p = 1.00 ) and 3 suffered a major amputation ( 1 in PCB vs. 2 in DES ; p = 1.00 ) . total , 44 angiograms were evaluable with quantitative vessel analysis . ( > 50 % ) angiographic restenosis rate was significantly lower in DES ( 7of 25 [ 28 % ] vs. 11 of 19 [ 57.9 % ] in PCB ; p = 0.0457 ) . were no significant differences with regard to target lesion revascularization ( 2 of 26 [ 7.7 % ] in DES vs. 3 of 22 [ 13.6 % ] in PCB ; p = 0.65 ) . vessel wall remodeling was observed in 3 cases in the PCB arm ( 3 of 19 [ ( 15.8 % ) ] vs. 0 of 19 [ 0 % ] in DES ; p = 0.07 ) . with PCB in long infrapopliteal lesions , DES are related with significantly lower residual immediate post-procedure stenosis and have shown significantly reduced vessel restenosis at 6 months . may produce positive vessel remodeling . Infrapopliteal Drug-Eluting Angioplasty Versus Stenting [ IDEAS-I ] ; NCT01517997 ) ."
926,Abstract #926,"of small trials suggest that early interventions for social communication are effective for the treatment of autism in children . therefore investigated the efficacy of such an intervention in a larger trial . with core autism ( aged 2 years to 4 years and 11 months ) were randomly assigned in a one-to-one ratio to a parent-mediated communication-focused ( Preschool Autism Communication Trial [ PACT ] ) intervention or treatment as usual at three specialist centres in the UK . assigned to PACT were also given treatment as usual . was by use of minimisation of probability in the marginal distribution of treatment centre , age ( < / = 42 months or > 42 months ) , and autism severity ( Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic [ ADOS-G ] algorithm score 12-17 or 18-24 ) . outcome was severity of autism symptoms ( a total score of social communication algorithm items from ADOS-G , higher score indicating greater severity ) at 13 months . secondary outcomes were measures of parent-child interaction , child language , and adaptive functioning in school . was by intention to treat . study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial , number ISRCTN58133827 . children were recruited . were assigned to PACT ( London [ n = 26 ] , Manchester [ n = 26 ] , and Newcastle [ n = 25 ] ) ; and 75 to treatment as usual ( London [ n = 26 ] , Manchester [ n = 26 ] , and Newcastle [ n = 23 ] ) . the 13-month endpoint , the severity of symptoms was reduced by 3.9 points ( SD 4.7 ) on the ADOS-G algorithm in the group assigned to PACT , and 2.9 ( 3.9 ) in the group assigned to treatment as usual , representing a between-group effect size of -0.24 ( 95 % CI -0.59 to 0.11 ) , after adjustment for centre , sex , socioeconomic status , age , and verbal and non-verbal abilities . effect was positive for parental synchronous response to child ( 1.22 , 0.85 to 1.59 ) , child initiations with parent ( 0.41 , 0.08 to 0.74 ) , and for parent-child shared attention ( 0.33 , -0.02 to 0.68 ) . on directly assessed language and adaptive functioning in school were small . the basis of our findings , we can not recommend the addition of the PACT intervention to treatment as usual for the reduction of autism symptoms ; however , a clear benefit was noted for parent-child dyadic social communication . Medical Research Council , and UK Department for Children , Schools and Families ."
927,Abstract #927,"author compares the effect of betaxolol , timolol , and pilocarpine on visual functions in patients with glaucoma . patients with early glaucoma were randomly allocated to betaxolol , timolol , or pilocarpine treatment and their visual fields , motion detection , and contrast sensitivity were studied over a 24-month period . subset of the betaxolol and timolol group were also followed with short-wave automated perimetry . eye of each patient was used in the analysis . three drugs reduced pressure effectively . and timolol were not significantly different from each other and both produced a more marked pressure reduction than betaxolol . were no significant differences between the drugs on the visual fields , contrast sensitivity , or motion detection . appeared to have a better impact on the blue-yellow sensitivity of the upper nasal and upper temporal visual field quadrants than timolol . spite of a greater pressure reduction , timolol did not have a more favorable effect on visual function . the short-wave automated perimetry , the betaxolol did marginally better than timolol . apparent dissociation between pressure reduction and protection of visual function deserves further study ."
928,Abstract #928,"article describes the long-term effects of augmenting serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SRIs ) with exposure and ritual prevention or stress management training in patients with DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) . November 2000 and November 2006 , 111 OCD patients from 2 academic outpatient centers with partial SRI response were randomized to the addition of exposure and ritual prevention or stress management training , delivered twice weekly for 8 weeks ( acute phase ) ; 108 began treatment . ( 38 of 52 in the exposure and ritual prevention condition , 11 of 52 in the stress management training condition ) entered a 24-week maintenance phase . Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale ( YBOCS ) was the primary outcome measure . 24 weeks , patients randomized to and receiving exposure and ritual prevention versus stress management training had significantly better outcomes ( mean YBOCS scores of 14.69 and 21.37 , respectively ; t = 2.88 , P = .005 ) , higher response rates ( decrease in YBOCS scores 25 % : 40.7 % vs 9.3 % , Fisher exact test P < .001 ) , and higher rates of excellent response ( YBOCS score 12 : 24.1 % vs 5.6 % , Fisher exact test P = .01 ) . the maintenance phase , the slope of change in YBOCS scores was not significant in either condition ( all P values .55 ) , with no difference between exposure and ritual prevention and stress management training ( P > .74 ) . outcome was associated with baseline variables : lower YBOCS scores , higher quality of life , fewer comorbid Axis I diagnoses , and male sex . SRIs with exposure and ritual prevention versus stress management training leads to better outcome after acute treatment and 24 weeks later . outcome , however , was primarily a function of OCD severity at entrance . improvement during the acute phase influences how well patients maintain their gains , regardless of treatment condition ."
929,Abstract #929,an uncut endotracheal tube into the right main bronchus produces unilateral breath sounds . wanted to test the validity of using this method to distinguish oesophageal from tracheal intubation . patients were randomized into two groups . first group was randomized to receive an endotracheal tube that was advanced into the right main bronchus . second group of patients had their tracheas intubated as normal and then a second endotracheal tube was placed in the oesophagus . observers were then asked to decide by auscultation if the patients had unilateral breath sounds or not and if they were bronchial and therefore to decide if endotracheal intubation had occurred . per cent of patients ( 95 % CI 0.71-0 .99 ) intubated in the right main bronchus were correctly identified by unilateral breath sounds confirming the usefulness of this test . an endotracheal tube into the right main bronchus and auscultation of unilateral breath sounds is a useful way of confirming tracheal intubation .
930,Abstract #930,"examine the benefits of a guideline-based educational program to improve management of unstable angina pectoris ( UAP ) in hospital patients . controlled trial . public hospitals across New South Wales . patients admitted with a diagnosis of UAP between 1 February and 30 June 1996 ( baseline survey ) , and 1,368 patients with the same diagnosis admitted between 1 July and 31 December 1998 ( follow-up survey ) . sessions run by local opinion leaders , presenting guidelines on management of UAP from the National Health and Medical Research Council and feedback on local practice using data from the baseline survey . were run between March and June 1998 . of evidence-based practice , identified by review of medical records . of beta-blockers increased in intervention and control hospitals , although the increase was significant only in the former . of calcium-channel blockers decreased significantly in both intervention and control hospitals . , the change in drug use between baseline and follow-up did not differ significantly between intervention and control hospitals . some appropriate changes in drug use for UAP management between 1996 and 1998 , there was no evidence that a guideline-based educational program was of benefit in changing management . reaffirms the difficulty of changing doctors ' behaviour through practice guidelines . methods of encouraging evidence-based practice should be considered ."
931,Abstract #931,"results of the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial showed positive benefits from blood pressure-lowering treatment in those aged 80 and over . analysis by the pre-specified subgroups [ age , sex , history of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and initial SBP ] was performed . Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of 3845 participants aged 80 and over with SBPs of 160-199 mmHg and diastolic pressures below 110 mmHg recruited from Europe , China , Australasia and Tunisia . treatment was indapamide sustained-release 1.5 mg with the addition of perindopril 2-4 mg as required to reach a target blood pressure of less than 150/80 mmHg . total mortality , benefits were consistent : men [ hazard ratio 0.82 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.62-1 .11 ] , women ( hazard ratio 0.77 , 95 % CI 0.66-0 .99 ) , those aged 80-84 .9 ( hazard ratio 0.76 , 95 % CI 0.60-0 .96 ) , those aged 85 and over ( hazard ratio 0.87 , 95 % CI 0.64-1 .20 ) , those with a history of CVD ( hazard ratio 0.76 , 95 % CI 0.48-1 .20 ) and those without ( hazard ratio 0.81 , 95 % CI 0.65-0 .99 ) , and similarly across a range of baseline SBPs . point estimates for cardiovascular mortality , strokes , heart failure and cardiovascular events were all in favour of benefit . the per-protocol analysis , strokes were reduced by 34 % ( P = 0.026 ) , total mortality by 28 % ( P = 0.001 ) , cardiovascular event by 37 % ( P < 0.001 ) and heart failure by 72 % ( P < 0.001 ) . hypertensive patients aged 80 or more , treatment based on indapamide ( sustained-release ) 1.5 mg showed consistent benefits across pre-specified subgroups including those without established CVD ( the majority ) , supporting the need for treatment even at this advanced age . were too few aged 90 or over to determine benefit from treatment at extreme age ."
932,Abstract #932,"anesthetic containing epinephrine is commonly used in many operations for the main purpose of hemostasis . randomized , controlled , prospective clinical trial was designed to find out hemodynamic changes after local infiltration of different concentrations and/or different dosages of epinephrine during functional endoscopic sinus surgery ( FESS ) under general anesthesia . hundred and eight adult patients undergoing elective FESS under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into four groups . I received 2 % lidocaine 2 ml with epinephrine ( 5 microg/ml ) ; group II received 1 % lidocaine 4 ml with epinephrine ( 2.5 microg/ml ) ; group III received 1 % lidocaine 4 ml with epinephrine ( 5 microg/ml ) ; and group IV received 1 % lidocaine 4 ml for local infiltration . rate ( HR ) , systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) and mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) were monitored continuously in the radial artery and recorded in 6 min : before infiltration ( baseline ) , 0.5 , 1 , 1.5 , 2 , 2.5 , 3 , 3.5 , 4 , 5 , and 6 min after local infiltration . lowest blood pressure ( BP ) in this period was also recorded . hemodynamic changes , particularly a decrease in BP ( P < 0.001 ) with a slight increase in HR ( P < 0.001 ) at approximately 1.5 min and an increase in SBP at approximately 3 min ( P < 0.01 ) after local infiltration , were observed in group I , group II and group III compared with the baseline , but not in group IV . significant hemodynamic differences were observed between group I , group II and group III at the same time points ( P > 0.05 ) . infiltration of low-dose epinephrine causes temporary significant hemodynamic changes particularly a marked decrease in BP during FESS under general anesthesia ."
933,Abstract #933,"results of two European multi-centre trials on xenon anaesthesia led to the hypothesis that a xenon-based anaesthetic would keep left ventricular ( LV ) and circulatory function more stable than a propofol-based anaesthetic , in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . a prospective , randomized design , 40 patients of ASA classes III and IV with known CAD were anaesthetized for elective non-cardiac surgery with either xenon ( n = 20 ) or propofol ( n = 20 ) , each combined with remifentanil . criteria were intraoperative LV function as evaluated by transoesophageal echocardiography ( TOE : Tei index , circumferential fibre shortening ) , arterial pressure , and heart rate ( HR ) . arterial pressure was decreased with propofol but was stable at pre-anaesthetic level with xenon ( P < 0.02 ) and HR was lower with xenon ( P < 0.01 ) . Tei index ( also known as myocardial performance index ) improved from 0.53 ( 0.14 ) to 0.45 ( 0.10 ) after 1 h with xenon and changed from 0.50 ( 0.14 ) to 0.55 ( 0.20 ) with propofol anaesthesia [ means ( SD ) ; P = 0.01 between the groups ] . of circumferential fibre shortening from expected value after 1 h was -2 ( 14 ) % with xenon and -14 ( 18 ) % with propofol [ means ( SD ) ; P = 0.03 ] . were no perioperative signs of acute myocardial ischaemia ( TOE , ECG , and troponin T release ) . anaesthesia provided a higher arterial pressure level than propofol , with no signs of cardiovascular compromise , in patients with CAD . indices showed better LV function with xenon ."
934,Abstract #934,"prospective cohort study . care facilities . hundred seven subjects with stage III or IV pressure ulcers . separate randomized control studies of advanced pressure ulcers that compared wound healing on 3 different support surfaces . were allocated to low air loss bed , upgraded bed overlay ( only in study 1 ) , or 4h/d sitting on an experimental generic total contact seat . seat was designed using prosthetics principles aimed at distributing pressure off bony prominences onto less pressure-sensitive areas . were followed for 6 months or until they were totally healed . of subjects who totally healed , time to total healing , and pressure ulcer status score after 4 weeks of treatment . pressures and functional capacity were also measured at 4 weeks . study 1 , 3 subjects worsened on the bed overlay condition and were withdrawn from the study . worsened on low air loss or generic total contact seat . 4 weeks in both studies , pressure ulcer status score was lowest for the generic total contact seat ( P < .0001 ) , compared with the other surfaces . populations were similar , so to analyze total healing , results from both studies were combined . healing of pressure ulcers occurred as early as 4 weeks in some subjects using the generic total contact seat . at 8 weeks , total healing was primarily seen with use of that seat , on which interface pressures , function , and seating tolerance were best . healing and better function indicate that treatment using the generic total contact seat is superior to low air loss bed therapy , which is standard care for advanced pressure ulcers ."
935,Abstract #935,"hemorrhage ( ICH ) , is a major source of morbidity and the leading cause of death in neonates treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( ECMO ) . reports have suggested that epsilon-aminocaproic acid ( EACA ) can decrease the risk of ICH . purpose of this study was to evaluate , in a multiinstitutional , prospective , randomized , blinded fashion , the effect of EACA on the incidence of hemorrhagic complications in neonates receiving ECMO . neonates ( except congenital diaphragmatic hernia ) who met criteria for ECMO at three institutions were eligible for enrollment . ( 100 mg/kg ) or placebo was given at the time of cannulation followed by 25 mg/kg/h for 72 hours . complications , transfusion requirements , and thrombotic complications were recorded . imaging included head ultrasound scan computed tomography ( CT ) scan , and duplex ultrasound scan of the inferior vena cava and renal vessels . neonates were enrolled ( EACA , 13 and placebo , 16 ) . ( 17.2 % ) patients had a significant ( grade 3 or larger ) ICH . was no statistical difference in the incidence of significant ICH in patients who received EACA ( 23 % ) versus placebo ( 12.5 % ) . patients accounted for all of the ICH in the EACA group . complications ( aortic thrombus and SVC syndrome ) developed in two patients from the placebo group . was no difference in thrombotic circuit complications between groups . results suggest that the use of EACA in neonates receiving ECMO is safe but may not decrease the overall incidence of hemorrhagic complications ."
936,Abstract #936,"studies of diet and colorectal carcinoma tend to be large and complex , researchers have long been interested in the investigation of dietary exposures in relation to putative intermediate markers of large bowel malignancy , such as colorectal epithelial cell proliferation . basic hypothesis underlying these investigations is that specific dietary components may reduce or increase the rate of cell proliferation , which , in turn , may reduce or increase neoplastic changes in the large bowel . authors assessed the effects of a 4-year , low-fat , high-fiber , fruit and vegetable-enriched dietary intervention on colorectal epithelial cell proliferation among 399 participants from the Polyp Prevention Trial , a randomized multicenter trial with adenoma recurrence as the primary endpoint . biopsies were taken from flat , normal appearing mucosa on patients at baseline , after 1 year , and after 4 years . assays , bromodeoxyuridine ( Brd U ) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) , were used to evaluate two summary measures of proliferation : the labeling index ( LI ) and the proliferative height ( PH ) . were no significant differences between changes in LI and PH over the 4-year period for the intervention and control groups . finding parallels the finding in the larger primary study , in which the dietary intervention did not alter adenoma recurrence rates . low-fat , high-fiber , fruit and vegetable-enriched dietary intervention did not alter rectal mucosal cell proliferation rates ."
937,Abstract #937,"rupture of membranes ( PROM ) is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and neonatal morbidity . 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate ( 17OHP-C ) reduces the risk of preterm birth in some women who are at risk for preterm birth . sought to test whether 17OHP-C would prolong pregnancy or improve perinatal outcome when given to mothers with preterm rupture of the membranes . is a multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized clinical trial . study included singleton pregnancies with gestational ages from 23 ( 0/7 ) to 30 ( 6/7 ) weeks at enrollment , documented PROM , and no contraindication to expectant management . women were assigned randomly to receive weekly intramuscular injections of 17OHP-C ( 250 mg ) or placebo . primary outcome was continuation of pregnancy until a favorable gestational age , which was defined as either 34 ( 0/7 ) weeks of gestation or documentation of fetal lung maturity at 32 ( 0/7 ) to 33 ( 6/7 ) weeks of gestation . 2 prespecified secondary outcomes were interval from randomization to delivery and composite adverse perinatal outcome . planned sample size was 222 total women . October 2011 to April 2014 , 152 women were enrolled ; 74 women were allocated randomly to 17OHP-C , and 78 were allocated randomly to placebo . trial was stopped when results of a planned interim analysis suggested that continuation was futile . primary outcome was achieved in 3 % of the 17OHP-C group and 8 % of the placebo group ( P = .18 ) . was no significant between-group difference in the prespecified secondary outcomes , randomization-to-delivery interval ( 17.1 16.1 vs 17.0 15.8 days , respectively ; P = .76 ) or composite adverse perinatal outcome ( 63 % vs 61 % , respectively ; P = .93 ) . significant differences were found in other outcomes , which included rates of chorioamnionitis , postpartum endometritis , cesarean delivery , individual components of the composite outcome , or prolonged neonatal length of stay . with placebo , weekly 17OHP-C injections did not prolong pregnancy or reduce perinatal morbidity in patients with PROM in this trial ."
938,Abstract #938,"examine the impact of oral glutamine ( Gln ) supplementation on gut integrity and on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) / septicemia of premature neonates . neonates ( n = 101 , gestational age < 34 weeks , birth weight < 2000 g ) were randomly allocated to receive from day 3 to day 30 postpartum , either oral Gln ( 0.3 g/kg/day , n = 51-Gln group ) or placebo ( caloreen-isocaloric , n = 50-control group ) . permeability was determined from the urinary lactulose/mannitol recovery ( L/M ratio ) following their oral administration and assessed at three time points : day 2 ( before first administration ) , day 7 and day 30 of life . incidence of NEC and septicemia over the study period was also recorded . decrease of lactulose recovery at days 7 ( p = 0.001 ) and 30 ( p < 0.001 ) and a decrease of L/M ratio at day 7 ( p = 0.002 ) were observed only in the Gln group . recovery and L/M ratio at day 7 ( p = 0.022 and p = 0.004 , respectively ) , as well as lactulose recovery ( p = 0.001 ) , mannitol recovery ( p = 0.042 ) , and L/M ratio ( p = 0.001 ) at day 30 , were decreased in the Gln group as compared to controls . and septicemia were lower in the Gln group at the end of the first week ( p = 0.009 and p = 0.041 , respectively ) and up to the end of the study ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.048 , respectively ) . Gln administration may have beneficial effects on intestinal integrity and the overall incidence of NEC/septicemia in preterm infants ."
939,Abstract #939,"is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children . aim of study was to evaluate the efficacy of Zinc supplementation in treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized children . double blind randomized , placebo - controlled clinical trial conducted at a tertiary care centre of a teaching hospital . with diagnosis of severe pneumonia were randomly assigned to receive supplementation with either elemental zinc or placebo by mouth at the time of enrollment . day 2 , they received 10 mg of their assigned treatment by mouth twice a day for 7 days along with standard antimicrobial therapy . baseline characteristics like age , sex , weight , weight Z score , height , height Z score , weight for height Z score and hemoglobin were comparable in both study groups . respiratory rate , chest indrawing , cyanosis , stridor , nasal flaring , wheeze and fever in both groups recorded at enrollment and parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups . outcome measures like time taken for resolution of severe pneumonia , pneumonia , duration of hospital stay , nil per oral , intravenous fluid , oxygen use , treatment requiring 2nd line of drug and 3rd line drug were evaluated and found to be same . present study did not show a statistically significant reduction in duration of severe pneumonia , or reduction in hospital stay for children given daily zinc supplementation along with standard antimicrobial therapy . , zinc supplementation given during the acute episode does not help in short term clinical recovery from severe pneumonia ."
940,Abstract #940,"assess the completion rates and concurrent validity of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance ( OIDP ) and the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile ( OHIP 14 ) in both questionnaire and interview formats . sectional social and clinical study . setting Dental teaching hospital primary care department in London UK . Two week consecutive sample of 183 patients attending setting . from 19 ethnic groups , 53 % were men and 32 % had attended for a dental emergency . rates and concurrent validity for each instrument and in each format . rates for OHIP 14 and OIDP were similar in interview format . questionnaire format usable data were provided on 92.9 % of the OHIP 14 but only 86.5 % of the OIDP questionnaires . of both questionnaires was related to ethnicity . number of impacts for both measures and total impact scores for OHIP 14 were related to the age of the participants , the presence of oral disease and the order of administration of the instruments . of the total score for OIDP was weakened by the severe skewness of these data . psychometric properties of OHIP 14 and OIDP were not related to the method of administration . , the use of OIDP in this questionnaire format may result in loss of data , particularly from people who are not White English ."
941,Abstract #941,"effect of therapy using a cervicomandibular support collar ( CMSC ) to manage obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA ) was compared with standard therapy , nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( nCPAP ) . received treatment with CMSC or nCPAP each for 1 month in random order . study was analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis . McKendrick Sleep Laboratory , Dunedin Hospital . adult subjects with mild-to-moderate OSA ( apnea-hypopnea index [ AHI ] , 24 + / - 13/h slept [ mean + / - SD ] ) completed the study . CMSC was designed to prevent mandibular movement and hold the head in slight extension , thus preventing the postural changes that might contribute to OSA . of the CMSC was confirmed by an externally applied cervical range of motion ( CROM ) instrument and by cephalometry . were carefully instructed in the use of each device and completed a symptom diary . 1 month , subjects underwent polysomnography with each of the allocated devices in situ , and symptom questionnaires were administered . success ( AHI < / = 10/h slept ) with CMSC was achieved in only 2 of 10 subjects , partial success ( AHI > 10/h to < / = 15/h slept ) was achieved in 2 subjects , and in 6 of 10 subjects there was no benefit . contrast , treatment success was achieved in 7 of 10 subjects receiving nCPAP . AHI was 29.4 + / - 13.4 / h at baseline , 26.9 + / - 17.2 / h slept with CMSC , and 9.9 + / - 8.0 / h slept with nCPAP ( p = 0.001 ) . significant differences in sleep architecture or sleep efficiency were achieved using nCPAP compared to CMSC . efficacy of the CMSC in maintaining the desired head position was confirmed by cephalometry and the CROM instrument . results , although negative , provide important evidence that control of head and neck posture , perhaps adopted as a second-line treatment , is not helpful in the management of OSA . appears that other anatomic and physiologic factors have a dynamic overriding influence on upper airway closure compared to simple skeletal relationships ."
942,Abstract #942,"results of a randomized trial comparing carboplatin with radiotherapy ( RT ) as adjuvant treatment for stage I seminoma found carboplatin had a noninferior relapse-free rate ( RFR ) and had reduced contralateral germ cell tumors ( GCTs ) in the short-term . results with a median follow-up of 6.5 years are now reported . assignment was between RT and one infusion of carboplatin dosed at 7 ( glomerular filtration rate + 25 ) on the basis of EDTA ( n = 357 ) and 90 % of this dose if determined on the basis of creatinine clearance ( n = 202 ) . trial was powered to exclude a doubling in RFRs assuming a 96-97 % 2-year RFR after radiotherapy ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , approximately 2.0 ) . , 1,447 patients were randomly assigned in a 3-to-5 ratio ( carboplatin , n = 573 ; RT , n = 904 ) . at 5 years were 94.7 % for carboplatin and 96.0 % for RT ( RT-C 90 % CI , 0.7 % to 3.5 % ; HR , 1.25 ; 90 % CI , 0.83 to 1.89 ) . death as a result of seminoma ( in RT arm ) occurred . receiving at least 99 % of the 7 AUC dose had a 5-year RFR of 96.1 % ( 95 % CI , 93.4 % to 97.7 % ) compared with 92.6 % ( 95 % CI , 88.0 % to 95.5 % ) in those who received lower doses ( HR , 0.51 ; 95 % CI , 0.24 to 1.07 ; P = .08 ) . was a clear reduction in the rate of contralateral GCTs ( carboplatin , n = 2 ; RT , n = 15 ; HR , 0.22 ; 95 % CI , 0.05 to 0.95 ; P = .03 ) , and elevated pretreatment follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) levels ( > 12 IU/L ) was a strong predictor ( HR , 8.57 ; 95 % CI , 1.82 to 40.38 ) . updated results confirm the noninferiority of single dose carboplatin ( at 7 AUC dose ) versus RT in terms of RFR and establish a statistically significant reduction in the medium term of risk of second GCT produced by this treatment ."
943,Abstract #943,"determine the ability of troglitazone to reduce requirements for injected insulin while maintaining blood glucose levels in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes . 26-week double-blind study with open-label extension included patients who had failed previous oral antidiabetic medication and took > or = 30 but < 150 U of insulin daily The 222 patients in the double-blind study received 200 or 400 mg troglitazone once daily or matching placebo . primary end point was the proportion of patients meeting the target of > or = 50 % reduction in injected insulin and either a 15 % reduction in fasting blood glucose or a blood glucose < 7.8 mmol/l . dose was reduced 25 % based on a study-specific algorithm whenever fasting blood glucose was reduced 5 % from baseline . of interest were changes in insulin dose and HbA1c . open-label extension included 173 patients . received 200 mg of troglitazone with optional titration to 400 mg , and insulin dose was adjusted based on investigators ' standards of care . measures were change in insulin dose , HbA1c , and fasting serum glucose ( FSG ) . the double-blind phase , 22 and 27 % of the 200 - and 400-mg troglitazone groups , respectively , reached target , compared with placebo ( 7 % ) ( P < 0.01 ) . dose reductions of 13 + / - 3 , 30 + / - 3 , and 41 + / - 3 U were observed for placebo , 200 - , and 400-mg troglitazone groups , respectively HbA1c decreased 0.09 + / - 0.14 % for placebo , 0.13 + / - 0.14 % for 200 mg , and 0.41 + / - 0.14 % for 400 mg ( P < 0.05 ) troglitazone . the open-label extension , troglitazone treatment resulted in > 50 % reduction from baseline in daily insulin dose and decreases in HbA1c of 1 % and in FSG of > 17 % . decreases daily injected insulin dose requirements and improves glycemic control in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes ."
944,Abstract #944,"is a widespread belief that introduction of the laparoscopic technique in antireflux surgery has led to easier postoperative recovery . test this hypothesis a prospective randomized clinical trial with blind evaluation was conducted between laparoscopic and open fundoplication . patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were randomized to open or laparoscopic 360 degrees fundoplication . type of operation was unknown to the patient and the evaluating nurses after operation . operating time was longer in the laparoscopy group , median 148 versus 109 min ( P < 0.0001 ) . need for analgesics was less in the laparoscopically operated patients , 33.9 versus 67.5 mg morphine per total hospital stay ( P < 0.001 ) . was no significant difference in postoperative nausea and vomiting . the first day after operation patients in the laparoscopy group had better respiratory function : forced vital capacity 3.2 versus 2.2 litres ( P = 0.004 ) and forced expiratory volume 2.6 versus 2.0 litres ( P = 0.008 ) . hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group , median ( range ) 3 ( 2-6 ) versus 3 ( 2-10 ) days ( P = 0.021 ) . difference was found in the duration of sick leave . fundoplication was associated with a longer operating time , better respiratory function , less need for analgesics and a shorter hospital stay , while no reduction in the duration of postoperative sick leave was found compared with open surgery ."
945,Abstract #945,"investigate the potential role of perioperative nutrition in reducing complications and mortality in malnourished gastrointestinal cancer patients . hundred and sixty-eight elective moderately or severely malnourished surgical patients with gastric or colorectal cancers defined by the subjective global assessment ( SGA ) were randomly assigned to 7 d preoperative and 7 d postoperative parenteral or enteral nutrition vs a simple control group . nutrition regimen included 24.6 + / -5.2 kcal / kg per d non-protein and 0.23 + / -0.04 g nitrogen / kg per d. Control patients did not receive preoperative nutrition but received 600 + / -100 kcal non-protein plus or not plus 62 + / -16 g crystalline amino acids postoperatively . occurred in 18.3 % of the patients receiving nutrition and in 33.5 % of the control patients ( P = 0.012 ) . patients died in the control group and 5 in those receiving nutrition . were significant differences in the mortality between the two groups ( 2.1 % vs 6.0 % , P = 0.003 ) . total length of hospitalization and postoperative stay of control patients were significantly longer ( 29 vs 22 d , P = 0.014 ) than those of the studied patients ( 23 vs 12 d , P = 0.000 ) . nutrition support is beneficial for moderately or severely malnourished gastrointestinal cancer patients and can reduce surgical complications and mortality ."
946,Abstract #946,"investigate if adjunctive allopurinol reduces symptoms in schizophrenia outpatients with persistent symptoms despite adequate pharmacotherapy . = 59 schizophrenia outpatients were randomly assigned to receive adjunctive allopurinol 300 mg bid or identical-looking placebo for 8 weeks after a 2-week placebo run-in . were assessed biweekly . total of n = 51 patients completed the trial . all n = 59 randomized patients , a total of 4 of 31 in the allopurinol group and 0 of 28 in the placebo group had at least a 20 % reduction in total PANSS score at the final study visit ( chi-square = 3.88 , p = .049 ) . the n = 51 completers , individuals in the allopurinol group rated themselves as more improved than did those in the placebo group ( z = -2.24 , p = .025 ) . allopurinol medication was well tolerated and there were not any adverse events attributed to the study medication . may be an effective adjunctive medication for some patients with persistent schizophrenia ."
947,Abstract #947,"nephropathy ( CIN ) is the third cause of acute deterioration of renal function in hospitalized patients . purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of saline infusion , saline infusion plus N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) , and sodium bicarbonate ( SB ) infusion to prevent CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention . prospectively studied 156 patients with a baseline creatinine level > or = 1.2 mg/dL . primary endpoint was the development of CIN , defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration > or = 25 % over the baseline value within 5 days from contrast exposure . nephropathy developed in 23 patients ( 14.7 % ) . of the primary endpoint was similar in the 3 groups of treatment , occurring in 7 patients ( 14 % ) in the saline infusion group , in 9 ( 17 % ) in the saline infusion plus NAC group , and in 7 ( 14 % ) in the SB infusion group . findings suggest that neither the addition of NAC nor the administration of SB add further benefit in CIN prevention , compared to standard hydration with isotonic saline infusion ."
948,Abstract #948,"compare volumes and dose volume histogram ( DVH ) parameters for bone marrow contours using 2 methods on computed tomography ( CT ) and correlation with grade 2 or higher hematological toxicity ( HT ) in patients with cervical cancer treated with non-bone marrow-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT ) with concurrent cisplatin . planning CT scans of 47 patients prospectively enrolled and treated with IMRT arm of a phase 2 trial ( NCT00193804 ) contoured for pelvic bone marrow in 2 sets ; whole bone ( WB ) , and freehand ( FH ) inner cavity of bone . subvolumes were made in each set -- sacrum , ilium , ischium , lower pelvis , lumbosacral spine , sacrum , and whole pelvis -- and compared for volume and DVH parameters ( V ( 10 ) , V ( 20 ) , V ( 30 ) , and V ( 40 ) ) using paired t test . hematological parameters during RT compiled from electronic database analyzed for higher than grade 2 ( Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ) HT and correlated with DVH parameters using log regression analysis ( P < 0.05 significant ) . FH subvolumes were 25 % to 30 % of WB . mean DVH parameters V ( 10 ) , V ( 20 ) , V ( 30 ) , and V ( 40 ) for whole-pelvis FH and WB were 86.5 % , 77.5 % , 62.5 % , and 40.5 % ; and 88 % , 79.6 % , 62.9 % , and 40 % , respectively . was significant difference between the DVH parameters of 2 sets ( P < 0.05 ) for all subvolumes except ischium V ( 20 ) , sacrum V ( 10 ) , and lumbosacral spine V ( 10 ) . leukopenia , neutropenia , anemia , and thrombocytopenia higher than grade 2 was seen in 53 % , 29.8 % , 65.9 % , and 10.6 % , respectively . mean V ( 10 ) for whole pelvis was less than 90 % for both sets . both univariate and multivariate analyses , only FH whole pelvis V ( 40 ) more than or equal to 40 % correlated with higher than grade 2 leukopenia ( Mann-Whitney U test , P = 0.026 ) and neutropenia ( P = 0.05 ) with odds ratio , 4 ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.166-13 .728 ; P = 0.028 ) . FH bone marrow cavity volume is a better surrogate of active bone marrow on CT images and correlated with higher than grade 2 HT ( V ( 40 ) > 40 % ) . prospective studies validating significance of high-dose effects and identifying correlation of bioimaging with CT contouring are warranted ."
949,Abstract #949,"value of corticosteroids in severe acute asthma continues to be debated . consecutive patients admitted to the emergency room with severe acute asthma were studied in a randomised , double blind , controlled trial to determine the efficacy of corticosteroids . two patients completed the study . received oxygen therapy and intensive bronchodilator treatment . patients were divided into three groups for steroid treatment , receiving intravenous methylprednisolone 10 mg/kg every four hours for 48 hours ( 29 patients , group A ) ; intravenous methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg every 4 hours for 48 hours ( 27 patients , group B ) ; or no intravenous corticosteroids ( 26 patients , group C ) . were no differences on admission among the three groups in forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) , forced vital capacity ( FVC ) , peak expiratory flow ( PEF ) , or arterial oxygen or carbon dioxide tension ; and the rates of recovery in FEV1 , FVC , and PEF were similar . given with bronchodilators have not shown a beneficial effect in the first 48 hours of recovery of severe acute asthma . in those patients who failed to respond by the third hour of treatment , and in those who were previously taking oral corticosteroids , does a favourable , though not statistically significant , effect appear to occur ."
950,Abstract #950,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor UK-369 ,003 for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) in men with and without erectile dysfunction ( ED ) . was a multicentre , double-blind , placebo - and active-controlled , parallel-group study conducted across 45 centres in North and South America , Europe , and Australia . all , 418 men aged 40 years with a clinical diagnosis of BPH , an International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) of 13 , and maximum urinary flow rate ( Q ( max ) ) of 5-15 mL/s for a voided volume of > 150 mL were stratified into two groups ( with and without ED ) and randomized to one of seven treatment groups , i.e. UK-369 ,003 at 10 , 25 , 50 or 100 mg modified release ( MR ) , UK-369 ,003 40 mg immediate release ( IR ) , tamsulosin 0.4 mg prolonged release , or placebo , for 12 weeks . primary study endpoint was the change in total IPSS after 12 weeks of treatment . efficacy measures were IPSS storage and voiding subscores , Q ( max ) , International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain , questions 5 and 6 of the Quality of Erection Questionnaire , the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Male LUTS , the patient-reported treatment-impact questionnaire , and a bladder diary in which patients recorded the number of voluntary urinary voids , volume of urine voided per micturition , leaks , and urgency episodes . mean change in the IPSS from baseline at week 12 for UK-369 ,003 100 mg MR and 40 mg IR was -2.91 and -2.50 better than placebo , respectively . was increasing efficacy with increasing dose of the MR formulation . UK-369 ,003 100 mg MR , Q ( max ) improved by 2.10 mL/s compared with 0.84 mL/s in the placebo group . ,003 had clinically meaningful efficacy and was well tolerated in men with LUTS associated with BPH . Bayesian statistical analysis gave high posterior probabilities for true differences between UK-369 ,003 100 mg MR and placebo . was greater preference , satisfaction and willingness to use UK-369 ,003 again for all treatment groups compared with placebo ."
951,Abstract #951,"satiating properties of fat remain poorly understood , particularly with reference to its physicochemical characteristics . investigate the short-term effects of consumption of yoghurt containing either a novel fat emulsion or normal milk fat , on the energy and macronutrient intakes of non-obese subjects . double-blind , placebo-controlled , within-subject crossover studies were conducted three months apart . ( 15 F , 14 M ) and thirty ( 16 F , 14 M ) subjects participated in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively . each study , subjects were given in random order , 7 days apart , either a 200g portion of a test ( 5g of a novel fat emulsion + 1 g milk fat ) or control ( 6g milk fat ) yoghurt at 1300 h. 4h post-consumption subjects were given ad libitum access to a range of foods . of food consumed by individuals were determined by pre - and post-covert weighing of individual serving dishes . energy intakes were significantly lower after the test yoghurt compared with the control yoghurt in Study 1 ( 6.4 vs 7.6 MJ ; P < 0.001 ) , Study 2 ( 6.9 vs 7.9 MJ ; P < 0.001 ) , and for both studies combined ( 6.7 vs 7.7 MJ ; P < 0.001 ) . corresponding fat intakes in Study 1 , Study 2 and in the combined studies were all significantly reduced ( P < 0.001 ) . and carbohydrate intakes were also significantly reduced in Study 1 ( P < 0.05 ) , Study 2 ( P < 0.01 ) , and for the combined studies ( P < 0.001 ) . results suggest that the physicochemical characteristics of small amounts of dietary fat affect short-term satiety ."
952,Abstract #952,"heart failure with a preserved or normal ejection fraction ( HFNEF or diastolic heart failure ) is common , treatment outcomes on quality of life and cardiac function are lacking . effect of renin-angiotensin blockade by irbesartan or ramipril in combination with diuretics on quality of life ( QoL ) , regional and global systolic and diastolic function was assessed in HFNEF patients . patients with HFNEF ( LVEF > 45 % ) were randomised to ( 1 ) diuretics alone , ( 2 ) diuretics plus irbesartan , or ( 3 ) diuretics plus ramipril . , 6-minute walk test ( 6MWT ) and Doppler echocardiography were performed at baseline , 12 , 24 and 52 weeks . QoL score improved similarly in all three groups by 52 weeks ( -46 % , 51 % , and 50 % respectively , all p < 0.01 ) , although 6MWT increased only slightly ( average +3 -6 % ) . hospitalisation rates were equal in all groups ( 10-12 % in 1 year ) . 1 year , LV dimensions or LVEF had not changed in any group , though both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lowered in all three groups from 4 weeks onwards . baseline both mean peak systolic ( Sm ) and early diastolic ( Em ) mitral annulus velocities were reduced , and increased slightly in the diuretic plus irbesartan ( Sm 4.5 ( SEM 0.17 ) to 4.9 ( SEM 0.16 ) cm/sec ; Em 3.8 ( SEM 0.25 ) to 4.2 ( SEM 0.25 ) cm/sec ) and ramipril ( Sm 4.5 ( SEM 0.24 ) to 4.9 ( SEM 0.20 ) cm/sec ; Em 3.3 ( SEM 0.25 ) to 4.04 ( SEM 0.32 ) cm/sec ) groups ( both p < 0.05 ) . levels were raised at baseline ( 595 ( SD 905 ) pg/ml ; range 5-4748 ) and fell in the irbesartan ( -124 ( SD 302 ) pg/ml , p = 0.01 ) and ramipril ( -173 ( SD 415 ) pg/ml , p = 0.03 ) groups only . this typically elderly group of HF patients with normal LVEF , diuretic therapy significantly improved symptoms and neither irbesartan nor ramipril had a significant additional effect . , diuretics in combination with irbesartan or ramipril marginally improved LV systolic and diastolic longitudinal LV function , and lowered NT-proBNP over 1 year ."
953,Abstract #953,"studies have not assessed whether evidence-based information about the outcomes of colorectal cancer screening increases informed choice among people from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds nor have they assessed whether this can be administered away from a health-care provider . controlled trial in six primary care locations . hundred and fourteen people aged 50-74 years received a self-administered decision aid ( DA ) booklet about outcomes of biennial faecal occult blood testing ( FOBT ) screening or government consumer guidelines ( G ) . more DA recipients ( 20.9 % ) were ` informed ' compared with G recipients ( 5.8 % ) ( P = 0.0001 , OR 4.32 ; 95 % CI 2.49 to 7.52 ) ; the DA did not affect values clarity ( 61.9 % clear after DA versus 59.1 % after G ) nor screening decisions overall ( 87.3 % would screen after DA versus 90.5 % after G ) . uptake at one month was uniformly low ( 5.2 % DA versus 6.6 % G ) ; mostly due to being ` too busy ' . recipients were more likely to make decisions ` integrating ' knowledge with values ( 10.4 % DA versus 1.5 % G ) . not to screen were equally uncommon in both groups but more likely to be uninformed in G ( P = 0.03 ) . DA recipients from all education levels were ` informed ' ( P = 0.02 ) , particularly in lower education ( 50.0 % DA versus 17.8 % G ) and university-educated groups ( 79.4 % DA versus 32.1 % G ) . absolute risk and benefit information about FOBT screening can be effectively used at home by people to increase informed choice . DA was effective in people with lower education levels . Protocol ID 211705 ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT 00148226 ."
954,Abstract #954,"is used to enhance hematopoietic recovery after autologous stem cell transplantation ( ASCT ) , but the optimal dose of G-CSF during engraftment has not been established . medical cost of ASCT is a serious financial burden in developing countries , and G-CSF is the most costly drug used in this procedure . evaluated whether a lower , vial-size fitted dose of lenograstim is clinically equivalent to a higher fixed dose . prospective randomized study was performed on 33 patients ( 11 non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma , 8 multiple myeloma , 14 breast cancer ) undergoing ASCT . were randomly administered 100 micro g or 250 micro g lenograstim daily starting on the next day of ASCT , with a minimum infusion of 3 x 10 ( 6 ) CD34 + cells per kg . both lenograstim doses , median time to neutrophil engraftment was 9 days and median time to PLT engraftment was 11 days . of clinically documented infections were 10 per 379 patient-days in the 100 microg per day group and 10 per 320 patient-days in the 250 microg per day group . were no between-group differences in requirements for transfusion of RBCs or PLTs . of hospitalization was 16 days for the 100 microg per day group and 17 days for the 250 microg per day group . lenograstim dose per patient 's body weight and total amount of lenograstim used during ASCT were both significantly lower in the 100 microg per day group . of 100 microg per day of lenograstim showed comparable clinical efficacy to 250 microg per day lenograstim for immediate hematopoietic recovery after ASCT . of the lower dose was associated with lower overall lenograstim usage and lower cost ."
955,Abstract #955,"compare the ease of tracheal intubation without the use of muscle relaxants following an alfentanil-lidocaine-propofol sequence vs a fentanyl-lidocaine-propofol sequence . 80 ASA I and II adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery , we compared the intubating conditions following alfentanil 20 microg x kg ( -1 ) , lidocaine 1.5 mg x kg ( -1 ) , propofol 3 mg x kg ( -1 ) ( Group I ; n = 40 ) vs fentanyl 2 microg x kg ( -1 ) , lidocaine 1.5 mg x kg ( -1 ) , propofol 3 mg x kg ( -1 ) ( Group II ; n = 40 ) . intubating conditions were scored by jaw relaxation , vocal cord position and response to intubation , as well as by blood pressure and heart rate changes . intubating conditions were good or excellent in 95 % of patients in Group I vs 62.5 % of patients in Group II ( P < 0.05 ) . pressure decreased from a preinduction value of 86 + / - 13 mmHg to 72 + / - 28 mmHg and 74 + / - 19 mmHg in Group I , and from 85 + / - 12 mmHg to 78 + / - 15 mmHg and 78 + / - 12 mmHg in Group II , one and five minutes following intubation ( P < 0.05 ) . drop in blood pressure was not different between the two groups . alfentanil-lidocaine-propofol sequence offers significantly better intubating conditions than a fentanyl-lidocaine-propofol sequence in healthy adult patients ."
956,Abstract #956,"implantation of a polymer mesh is considered as the standard treatment for incisional hernia . leads to lower recurrence rates compared to suture techniques without mesh implantation ; however , there are also some drawbacks to mesh repair . operation is more complex and peri-operative infectious complications are increased . it is not clear to what extent a mesh implantation influences quality of life or leads to chronic pain or discomfort . influence of the material , textile structure and size of the mesh remain unclear . aim of this study was to evaluate if a non-absorbable , large pore-sized , lightweight polypropylene ( PP ) mesh leads to a better health outcome compared to a partly absorbable mesh . this randomised , double-blinded study , 80 patients with incisional hernia after a median laparotomy received in sublay technique either a non-absorbable mesh ( Optilene Mesh Elastic ) or a partly absorbable mesh ( Ultrapro Mesh ) . endpoint was the physical health score from the SF-36 questionnaire 21days post-operatively . variables were patients ' daily activity score , pain score , wound assessment and post-surgical complications until 6months post-operatively . , daily activity and pain scores were similar in both groups after 21days and 6months , respectively . hernia recurrence was observed during the observation period . complication rates also showed no difference between the groups . implantation of a non-absorbable , large pore-sized , lightweight PP mesh for incisional hernia leads to similar patient-related outcome parameters , recurrence and complication rates as a partly absorbable mesh ."
957,Abstract #957,"pilot study aimed to test the possibility of therapeutic benefit imparted by early intervention based on sequential tumour marker ( TM ) measurements during follow-up of primary breast cancer ( PBC ) patients . with oestrogen receptor positive PBC with no clinical and/or radiological evidence of metastases were recruited and followed-up 3-monthly with clinical assessment and TM ( CA15 .3 and CEA ) measurements . clinical team was blinded to the TM results . patients who developed raised TMs ( based on pre-defined cut-offs ) were randomised to either ` treatment change ' ( either start or change of adjuvant endocrine agent to another agent ) or ` no change ' ( control ) . who developed symptomatic metastases came off the study . primary and secondary endpoints were intervals from randomisation to symptomatic metastases and to last follow-up/death respectively . patients ( median age = 54 years ( 30-72 ) ) were recruited with a median follow-up of 81 months ( 1-124 ) . patients were randomised as described . was no significant difference ( treatment change versus no change ) with regards to interval from randomisation to symptomatic metastases - 23 ( 2-62 ) and 22 ( 1-63 ) months respectively ( p = 0.9 ) , as well as interval from randomisation to last follow-up/death - 36 ( 7-63 ) and 37 ( 10-63 ) months respectively ( p = 0.9 ) . long follow-up ( up to 10 + years ) , this small study has thus far shown no significant difference in outcome . , we have confirmed the feasibility of this study design but a larger study will be required to show if there is a benefit to this approach ."
958,Abstract #958,"cancer is a disease of middle-aged and elderly but still there are young women diagnosed with advanced disease that is incurable with local treatment and is treated with platinum-based combination chemotherapy . is unknown whether these young patients have a poorer outcome compared to older patients or whether elderly patients have inferior outcome than younger patients when treated with combination chemotherapy . compared the outcome between young ( < 35 ) , elderly ( > 70 ) and middle-aged ( 35-70 ) women who were treated with platinum-based combination chemotherapy for advanced , recurrent or persistent disease . hundred and eighteen patients were included in our database . baseline clinical and disease characteristics were not different between age groups but anemia and thrombocytosis were more frequent in younger patients . survival for all patients was 13.4 ( 95 % CI 11-15 .8 ) months while survival of patients < 35 years of age was 9 months ( 95 % CI 5.8-12 ) , of patients older than 70 was 10 months ( 95 % CI 6.9-13 ) of patients 35 to 70 years of age was 14.5 months ( 95 % CI 11-18 ) ( p = 0.004 ) . factors were significant for survival in univariate analysis but only weight loss , pain score and relapse inside an irradiated filed were significant predictors of outcome in multivariate analysis . young ( < 35 ) and elderly ( > 70 ) patients have a worse prognosis after treatment with combination chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer . , this difference is not significant when adjusted for other prognostic factors ."
959,Abstract #959,"assist in the development of preventive strategies , we studied whether the neighbourhood environment or modifiable behavioural parameters , including cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) and physical activity ( PA ) , are independently associated with obesity and metabolic risk markers in children . carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 502 randomly selected first and fifth grade urban and rural Swiss schoolchildren with regard to CRF , PA and the neighbourhood ( rural vs urban ) environment . measures included BMI , sum of four skinfold thicknesses , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) and a standardised clustered metabolic risk score . and PA ( especially total PA , but also the time spent engaged in light and in moderate and vigorous intensity PA ) were inversely associated with measures of obesity , HOMA-IR and the metabolic risk score , independently of each other , and of sociodemographic and nutritional parameters , media use , sleep duration , BMI and the neighbourhood environment ( all p < 0.05 ) . living in a rural environment were more physically active and had higher CRF values and reduced HOMA-IR and metabolic risk scores compared with children living in an urban environment ( all p < 0.05 ) . differences in cardiovascular risk factors persisted after adjustment for CRF , total PA and BMI . CRF , low PA and an urban environment are independently associated with an increase in metabolic risk markers in children ."
960,Abstract #960,"study whether there are any negative or positive effects of 6 months of increased fluid intake in reasonably healthy elderly men . trial . . hundred forty-one healthy participants aged 55 to 75 . group was given the advice to increase their daily fluid intake by 1.5 L of water ; the other group was given placebo medication ( 8 mL inactive syrup per day ) . 6 months blood sodium , glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) , blood pressure , and quality of life ( QOL ) were measured . changes in water turnover were measured using deuterium . subjects did not manage to increase their fluid intake by 1.5 L. average increase in the intervention group was approximately 1 L. Twenty-four-hour water turnover in the water group was 359 mL ( 95 % confidence interval = 171-548 ) higher than that of the control group at 6-month follow-up . pressure , sodium level , GFR , and QOL did not change significantly in either group during the intervention period . addition , the cases reporting a worsening on the effect measures were equally distributed over the two study groups . advice to increase fluid intake by 1.5 L had no negative effects in reasonably healthy men aged 55 to 75 ."
961,Abstract #961,"efficacy of preventive zinc supplementation against diarrhea and respiratory illness may depend on simultaneous supplementation with other micronutrients . aimed to assess the effect of supplementation with zinc and multiple micronutrients on diarrhea and other causes of non-malarial morbidity . Tanzanian children ( n = 612 ) aged 6-60 months and with height-for-age z-score < -1.5 SD were randomized to daily supplementation with zinc ( 10 mg ) alone , multi-nutrients without zinc , multi-nutrients with zinc , or placebo . were followed for an average of 45 weeks . follow-up , we recorded morbidity episodes . found no evidence that concurrent supplementation with multi-nutrients influenced the magnitude of the effect of zinc on rates of diarrhea , respiratory illness , fever without localizing signs , or other illness ( guardian-reported illness with symptoms involving skin , ears , eyes and abscesses , but excluding trauma or burns ) . supplementation reduced the hazard rate of diarrhea by 24 % ( 4 % -40 % ) . contrast , multi-nutrients seemed to increase this rate ( HR ; 95 % CI : 1.19 ; 0.94-1 .50 ) , particularly in children with asymptomatic Giardia infection at baseline ( 2.03 ; 1.24-3 .32 ) . also protected against episodes of fever without localizing signs ( 0.75 ; 0.57-0 .96 ) , but we found no evidence that it reduced the overall number of clinic visits . found no evidence that the efficacy of zinc supplements in reducing diarrhea rates is enhanced by concurrent supplementation with other micronutrients . reducing rates of fever without localizing signs , supplementation with zinc may reduce inappropriate drug use with anti-malarial medications and antibiotics . NCT00623857 ."
962,Abstract #962,"factor 4/heparin ( PF4/H ) antibody detection is widely used to evaluate the risk of thrombosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis ( HD ) . patients who are PF4/H-antibody-positive can survive thrombosis , but the reason has not been clarified . addition , no valid preventive methods for thrombosis in patients undergoing HD have been confirmed . single-center , semi-randomized controlled study was designed . total , 157 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and participated . were first divided according to PF4/H antibody detection and then subdivided randomly according to different anti-platelet agent descriptions . 1 ) PF4/H antibody-positive patients suffered a significantly higher incidence of thrombosis than those who were antibody-negative ; ( 2 ) PF4/H antibody-positive patients who survived a thrombosis manifested a significantly longer bleeding time and decreased maximum percentage of platelet aggregation inhibition ; ( 3 ) aspirin and clopidogrel decreased the incidence of thrombosis in PF4/H antibody-positive patients by inhibiting platelet activation . PF4/H antibody was effective for prediction of the risk of thrombosis , except in patients with dysfunctional platelets ; aspirin manifested effects similar to clopidogrel in terms of prevention of thromboses in PF4/H antibody-positive patients , but costs much less and is therefore recommended ."
963,Abstract #963,"illness is prevalent among nursing home residents , but staff are not well trained to deal with it . research evaluated an Internet mental illness training program designed for certified direct care workers , ie , nurse aides ( NAs ) . research was also conducted to explore effects and acceptance of the same program with a sample of licensed health professionals ( LHPs ) . 1 : Pre-post randomized treatment and control design for NAs ; Trial 2 : Quasi-experimental pre-post within-subjects design for LHPs . studies were conducted on the Internet . 1 : n = 70 NAs ; Trial 2 : n = 16 LHPs . behavioral skills training and knowledge building , using video modeling with mastery learning instructional design . situations testing and assessment of psychosocial constructs associated with behavior change ; follow-up interviews with a sample of treatment NAs . 1 : Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis showed positive results ( P = .003 ) for knowledge , attitudes , self-efficacy , and behavioral intention , with medium-large effect sizes . training was well received by the users . 2 : Paired t tests showed significant effects on 5 of 6 outcome measures , with medium-large effect sizes , and it was well received by the LHP sample . training can be an effective approach to help staff work with residents with mental illness . this research , it showed significant positive effects and was well received by NAs and by LHPs ."
964,Abstract #964,"after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) is related to the severe prognosis . aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Tongxinluo , a traditional Chinese medicine , on no-reflow and the infarction area after emergency PCI for STEMI . total of 219 patients ( female 31 , 14 % ) undergoing emergency PCI for STEMI from nine clinical centers were consecutively enrolled in this randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter clinical trial from January 2007 to May 2009 . patients were randomly divided into Tongxinluo group ( n = 108 ) and control group ( n = 111 ) , given Tongxinluo or placebo in loading dose 2.08 g respectively before emergency PCI with aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg together , then 1.04 g three times daily for six months after PCI . ST segment elevation was recorded by electrocardiogram at hospitalization and 1 , 2 , 6 , 12 , 24 hours after coronary balloon dilation to evaluate the myocardial no-flow ; myocardial perfusion scores of 17 segments were evaluated on day 7 and day 180 after STEMI with static single-photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ) to determine the infarct area . was no statistical significance in sex , age , past history , chest pain , onset-to-reperfusion time , Killip classification , TIMI flow grade just before and after PCI , either in the medication treatment during the follow up such as statin , - blocker , angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI ) or angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB ) between two groups . was significant ST segment restoration in Tongxinluo group compared to the control group at 6 hours ( ( -0.22 0.18 ) mV vs. ( -0.18 0.16 ) mV , P = 0.0394 ) , 12 hours ( ( -0.24 0.18 ) mV vs. ( -0.18 0.15 ) mV , P = 0.0158 ) and 24 hours ( ( -0.27 0.16 ) mV vs. ( -0.20 0.16 ) mV , P = 0.0021 ) reperfusion ; and the incidence of myocardial no-reflow was also reduced significantly at 24-hour reperfusion ( 34.3 % vs. 54.1 % , P = 0.0031 ) . myocardial perfusion scores of 17 segments evaluated by static SPECT was improved significantly on day 7 and day 180 after STEMI in Tongxinluo group compared to the control group ( 0.61 0.40 vs. 0.76 0.42 , P = 0.0109 and 0.51 0.42 vs. 0.66 0.43 , P = 0.0115 , respectively ) . was no significant difference in severe adverse events between two groups . as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine could reduce myocardial no-reflow and infarction area significantly after emergency PCI for STEMI with conventional medicine therapy ."
965,Abstract #965,"ventricular dilation after acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) is mainly determined by infarct size . addition , this detrimental structural adaptation seems to be augmented in patients with the ACE DD genotype . ACE DD genotype is associated with increased ACE activity . aim of the present study was to evaluate whether ACE activity per se may carry prognostic significance for subsequent left ventricular dilation as assessed by echocardiography during 1-year follow-up after acute MI . ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indexes were assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography . 102 consecutive patients , plasma ACE activity was determined 3.7 + / - 0.1 hours after the onset of MI . 64 of these patients , left ventricular volume indexes obtained at baseline and 1 year after MI were used for the present analysis . were divided ino a group having low ACE activity ( < or = IU/L , n = 15 ) and a group having high ACE activity ( > 12 IU/L , n = 49 ) . size was a significant predictor of the increase in left ventricular volume indexes ( P = .0001 ) in these patients . regression analysis , after correction for infarct size , demonstrated that elevated plasma ACE activity is a significant predictor of the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes ( P = .0006 and P = .02 , respectively ) 1 year after MI . plasma ACE activity determined soon after the onset of MI may be a significant predictor of the development of left ventricular dilation and may identify patients at risk ."
966,Abstract #966,"feasible and safe thrombectomy and distal protection devices have been used in clinical practice . efficiency and safety of adjunct thrombectomy using Diver CE device ( Invatec , Italy ) versus Guardwire Plus device ( Medtronic , USA ) before percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) were compared in patients with acute inferior ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) for less than 12 hours , thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ( TIMI ) flow grade 0 to 1 , and total occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery ( = 3 mm in diameter ) in a prospective randomized single-center study . primary end point was the magnitude of ST-segment resolution ( STR ) ( > 70 % ) measured immediately , 90 minutes and 6 hours after PCI , myocardial blush grade and slow flow or no-reflow . end points were left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( LVEDV ) , left ventricle ejection fraction ( LVEF ) and major adverse cardiac events ( MACEs ) including death , myocardial infarction , target vessel revascularization and stroke at 30 days . total of 122 patients were equally divided into Diver CE group and Guardwire Plus group , which were comparable by age ( ( 60 + / - 14 ) years vs ( 60 + / - 13 ) years ) , male ( 82 % vs 84 % ) , diabetes ( 31 % vs 28 % ) , previous coronary artery disease ( 25 % vs 23 % ) , onset-to-angiogram ( ( 350 + / - 185 ) min vs ( 345 + / - 180 ) min ) , and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor ( 11 % vs 13 % ) . magnitude of ST-segment resolution was similar in the two groups as ST-segment resolution > 70 % ( 57 % vs 59 % ; P > 0.05 ) . slow flow/no-reflow rates were observed in the Diver CE group ( 8 % ) and the Guardwire Plus group ( 7 % ) . flow grade 3 was obtained in 95 % vs 97 % patients , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . blush grade 3 was similar ( 70 % vs 72 % ; P > 0.05 ) . clinical outcome was comparable ( LVEF , 0.54 + / - 0.12 vs 0.53 + / - 0.11 ; death , 3 % vs 3 % ; myocardial infarction , 2 % vs 0 % ; and target vessel revascularization , 2 % vs 2 % ; P > 0.05 , respectively ) . of thrombus burden with the Diver CE catheter before stenting leads to similar improvement of myocardial reperfusion in patients with inferior STEMI and total occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery ( = 3 mm in diameter ) compared with the Guardwire Plus device , as illustrated by a reduced risk of distal embolization and improved ST-segment resolution ."
967,Abstract #967,"( CR ) oxycodone provides an option for the prevention of postoperative pain . designed this randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study to evaluate the control of pain after premedication with CR oxycodone 15 mg in addition to ibuprofen 800 mg orally in day-case gynaecological laparoscopic surgery . consenting patients were anaesthetized in a standardized fashion . analgesia was provided by ibuprofen 800 mg twice a day in combination with fentanyl i.v. in the recovery room and normal-release ( NR ) oxycodone orally after the recovery room . visual analogue scale ( VAS ) scores for pain and side-effects , and the amounts of postoperative analgesics were recorded for 24 h after discharge from the hospital . a statistical analysis of the original study , we extended the study to investigate another 10 patients , who received CR oxycodone 15 mg orally in an open-labelled fashion 60 min before surgery . plasma concentrations of oxycodone were measured from samples drawn before and 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 h after premedication . amounts of fentanyl [ 100 microg ( 0-330 ) in the CR oxycodone group ; 125 microg ( 0-330 ) in the placebo group ] , NR oxycodone , or the VAS scores for pain during the first 24 h after the discharge from the hospital did not differ after the premedication with CR oxycodone or placebo . the extension study group , the peak plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) of oxycodone was 10.0 ( 4.6-14 .7 ) ng ml ( -1 ) , indicating possibly a sub-therapeutic level . premedication with CR oxycodone did not improve management of postoperative pain after day-case gynaecological laparoscopic surgery ."
968,Abstract #968,"abortion though legalized in India , is still not very popular . disadvantage of medical abortion is the longer duration of bleeding compared with surgical abortion which may reduce acceptability . consideration needs to be given to the issues related to medical abortion for improving the reproductive health status of women suffering from consequences of unsafe and illegal surgical abortion . present study compared the efficacy of oral and vaginal administration of misoprostol after a single dose of 200 mg of mifepristone and evaluated the influence of continuing misoprostol for one week on efficacy and side effects . double-blind randomized controlled trial with 150 healthy pregnant women requesting medical abortion with < 63 days of amenorrhoea was conducted in the gynecological and family planning clinic at All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi . ( 200 mg ) was administered orally on day one , followed by 0.8 mg misoprostol either orally or vaginally on day three . in the oral group and one of the two vaginal groups continued 0.4 mg of oral misoprostol twice daily for seven days . abortion rate in each of the groups was 96-100 per cent . addition of misoprostol 0.4 mg twice a day from day 4-10 did not help in increasing successful outcome or shortening of duration or amount of bleeding . abortion for pregnancy up to 63 days using misoprostol 0.8 mg vaginal/oral after pretreatment with mifepristone 200 mg is a safe and successful procedure . differences in efficacy or duration of bleeding were observed with addition of oral misoprostol for 1 wk after abortion ."
969,Abstract #969,"objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and tolerability of intravenous valproic acid ( iVPA ) with intramuscular metoclopramide + subcutaneous ( SQ ) sumatriptan for prolonged acute migraine . valproic acid has been explored as a possible treatment of acute migraine . and newer generation triptans are also effective for migraine . , iVPA has not yet been compared with triptans in head-to-head studies . presenting with moderate to severe intensity migraine without aura were randomized to receive either 400 mg of iVPA or 10 mg intramuscular metoclopramide + 6 mg SQ sumatriptan ( 30 patients in each study arm ) . severity of headache and other associated symptoms such as photophobia and phonophobia were assessed at baseline and after 20 minutes and 1 , 2 , 4 , and 24 hours . primary end point was to compare the efficacy of the 2 study treatments in relieving headache from moderate-severe to none-mild and of other associated symptoms within a period of 24 hours . relief from severe or moderate to mild or none was obtained in 53.3 % of subjects in the iVPA arm and 23.3 % in the metoclopramide + sumatriptan arm at 1 hour following treatment ( P = .033 ) , whereas 60 % and 30 % reported pain relief at 2 hour ( P = .037 ) . was no other significant difference in alleviation of associated migraine symptoms between the 2 arms . serious adverse effects were noted . with iVPA was more effective than metoclopramide + SQ sumatriptan during the first 2 hours in patients with a prolonged migraine ."
970,Abstract #970,"with congenital heart lesions who undergo open heart surgery may experience physiologic and metabolic stress in the postoperative period , leading to altered metabolism and hypercatabolism . purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between energy intake and hospital outcomes during the first 10 days following neonatal open heart surgery . post hoc analysis of all patients in a prospective randomized controlled trial was performed . intake and hospital outcomes were assessed in 32 infants ( 40 2.2 weeks , 3.4 0.5 kg ) in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units . received parenteral nutrition ( PN ) for 1-4 days before and 10 days after open heart surgery . were separated into those who received a cumulative energy intake of < 689 kcal ( average 63 kcal/kg/d ) and those who received an intake 689 kcal during postoperative days 0-10 . energy intake was associated with a significantly increased duration of artificial ventilation ( 5 1.2 days ) , time to chest closure ( 1.4 0.5 days ) , time in intensive care ( 5 1.8 days ) , and stay in the hospital ( 25 6.4 days ) . energy intake was also associated with a significant increase in the length of time infants required PN ( 8 2.9 days ) and longer time to achieve full enteral intake of 100 mL/kg/d ( 7 2.2 days ) and before enteral feeds could be initiated ( 5 1.5 days ) . < 63 kcal/kg/d to infants after open heart surgery was associated with adverse pediatric intensive care outcomes ."
971,Abstract #971,"identify differential health benefits of written emotional disclosure ( ED ) . style and demographic characteristics were examined as potential moderators of ED treatment efficacy in a randomized controlled trial with female fibromyalgia patients . three pain-coping styles , only patients classified as interpersonally distressed ( ID ) experienced significant treatment effects on psychological well-being , pain , and fatigue . effects on psychological well-being were also significantly greater for patients with a high level of education . with an ID-coping style and/or high education appear to benefit most from ED ."
972,Abstract #972,"safety and efficacy of weight-based ribavirin ( RBV ) dosing regimens in patients with HIV-HCV coinfection has not been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials . randomized , double-blind , international , parallel-group study in specialist outpatient clinics in the United States , Spain , and Portugal compares the efficacy and safety of 2 RBV dose regimens ( 800 mg/day and 1000/1200 mg/day ) combined with peginterferon alfa-2a ( 40KD ) in patients with HIV-HCV ( genotype 1 ) coinfection . with HIV-HCV coinfection , quantifiable HCV RNA in serum , HCV genotype-1 infection , compensated liver disease , and stable HIV disease ( CD4 + count 100 cells/L ) with or without ongoing antiretroviral therapy were randomized to 48 weeks ' treatment with RBV at standard dose ( 800 mg/day ) or weight-based dose ( 1000 mg/day for patients weighing < 75 kg ; 1200 mg/day for patients weighing 75 kg ) in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a ( 40KD ) 180 g once a week . enrollment was 400 patients with 100 non-Latino African Americans . primary endpoint was sustained virological response ( SVR ) ( undetectable HCV RNA [ < 20 IU/mL ] at the end of a 24-week untreated follow-up period [ week 72 ] ) . rates were 19 % ( 26/135 ) and 22 % ( 60/275 ) in patients randomized to RBV 800 mg/day and 1000/1200 mg/day , respectively ( odds ratio , 1.15 ; 95 % CI , 0.68-1 .93 ; P = .6119 ) . the 1000/1200 mg/day RBV dose group , the incidence of hemoglobin reductions < 100 g/L and anaemia reported as an adverse event were higher versus the standard 800 mg/day RBV dose group . with the standard RBV dose ( 800 mg/day ) , weight-based RBV dosing ( 1000/1200 mg/day ) did not significantly increase SVR rates , but did increase the incidence of anemia in HIV-HCV ( genotype 1 ) coinfected patients ."
973,Abstract #973,"determine the effect of hormone therapy on arthroplasty rates . examined data from the Women 's Health Initiative placebo-controlled , double-blind , randomized trials . women ages 50-79 years were enrolled at 40 US clinics . with prior arthroplasty were excluded , yielding a sample size of 26,321 subjects . who had had hysterectomies ( n = 10,272 ) were randomly assigned to receive 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogens ( n = 5,076 ) , or placebo ( n = 5,196 ) , with a mean followup of 7.1 years . who had not had hysterectomies ( n = 16,049 ) were randomly assigned to receive estrogen plus progestin ( n = 8,240 ) , given as 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogens plus 2.5 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate , or placebo ( n = 7,809 ) , with a mean followup of 5.6 years . reported hospitalizations , and arthroplasties were identified by procedure codes . due to hip fracture were censored . proportional hazards regression was used to assess hazard ratios ( HRs ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( 95 % CIs ) using intent-to-treat methods and outcome of time to first procedure . the estrogen-alone trial , women receiving hormone therapy had significantly lower rates of any arthroplasty ( HR 0.84 [ 95 % CI 0.70-1 .00 ] , P = 0.05 ) . , this effect was borderline statistically significant for hip arthroplasty ( HR 0.73 [ 95 % CI 0.52-1 .03 ] , P = 0.07 ) , and not significant for knee arthroplasty ( HR 0.87 [ 95 % CI 0.71-1 .07 ] , P = 0.19 ) . the estrogen-plus-progestin trial , there was no association for total arthroplasty ( HR 0.99 [ 95 % CI 0.82-1 .20 ] , P = 0.92 ) or for individual hip ( HR 1.14 [ 95 % CI 0.83-1 .57 ] , P = 0.41 ) or knee ( HR 0.91 [ 95 % CI 0.72-1 .15 ] , P = 0.41 ) arthroplasties . data suggest that hormone therapy may influence joint health , but this observed decrease in risk may be limited to unopposed estrogen and may possibly be more important in hip than in knee osteoarthritis ."
974,Abstract #974,"is a prospective , randomized , multicenter , investigator-initiated trial to evaluate the 12-month effectiveness of isovolemic hemodilution ( IH ) with prompt versus deferred intravitreal injections ( IVI ) of ranibizumab 0.5 mg for the treatment of macular edema secondary to early central retinal vein occlusion ( CRVO ) . with macular edema due to CRVO having occurred not more than 8 weeks previously received either monthly ranibizumab IVI in combination with IH ( group I , n = 28 ) or IH alone ( group II , n = 30 ) . month 2 to 12 , the patients in both groups could be treated with monthly intravitreal ranibizumab . main outcome variables were gain of visual acuity and the course of central retinal thickness as measured with optical coherence tomography . 12 months , eyes in group I on average gained +28.1 ( 19.3 ) letters compared to +25.2 ( 20.9 ) letters in group II ( p = 0.326 ) . result was achieved with significantly fewer injections in group II . , 30 % of the eyes in group II did not need ranibizumab IVI during the 12 months of the trial . IVI in addition to IH proved to be highly effective in increasing visual acuity and reducing macular edema secondary to CRVO . IH in early CRVO may be a first treatment option in patients anxious about IVI ."
975,Abstract #975,"extent of thyroid resection in Graves ' disease remains controversial . aim of this study was to evaluate long-term results of bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy ( BST ) compared with total thyroidectomy ( TT ) in patients with Graves ' disease and mild active ophthalmopathy . were assigned randomly to BST or TT , and followed for 5 years after surgery . primary endpoints of the study were the prevalence of recurrent hyperthyroidism and changes in Graves ' ophthalmopathy . endpoints were postoperative transient and permanent paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve , and postoperative hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism . hundred patients were included , of whom 191 ( BST 95 , TT 96 ) completed the 5-year follow-up . hyperthyroidism occurred in nine patients after BST and in none after TT ( P = 0002 ) . of Graves ' ophthalmopathy was observed in nine patients after BST compared with seven following TT ( P = 0586 ) . hypoparathyroidism occurred in 13 and 24 patients respectively ( P = 0047 ) . hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in no patient after BST and in one after TT ( P = 0318 ) . differences were noted in transient or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury . for Graves ' disease prevented recurrent hyperthyroidism but did not prevent the progression of ophthalmopathy compared with BST ."
976,Abstract #976,"is a hypnotic benzodiazepine currently used in the treatment of insomnia . this agent is used appropriately , its pharmacologic properties predict a high therapeutic index with a good tolerability profile . primary aim of this study was to compare the effects on psychomotor performance of lormetazepam and placebo in healthy young adult subjects . secondary objective was to evaluate the clinical tolerability of lormetazepam . was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study in healthy young adult volunteers . volunteers received single doses of lormetazepam 1 mg and placebo , with a 1-week interval between doses . primary study variables were visual simple reaction time ( VSRT ) and visual choice reaction time ( VCRT ) , measured before dosing with lormetazepam or placebo and at 20 , 60 , 120 , 180 , 240 , and 360 minutes after dosing using a standard computerized apparatus . increase the sensitivity of the results , visual reaction times were also recorded using a validated mobile computerized device . variables were the duration and quality of sleep on the night before each study session , rated by subjects using a 100-mm visual analog scale ; the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for daytime drowsiness ; and the Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold test . reported adverse events were recorded and monitored throughout the study . study included 18 healthy young adult volunteers ( 12 women , 6 men ; mean [ SD ] age , 26.7 [ 2.8 ] years [ range , 21-30 years ] ; mean body weight , 58 [ 9.5 ] kg ) . were no significant differences in either VSRT or VCRT after administration of lormetazepam or placebo . of study drug but consistent with the accepted range of variability between the 2 devices , overall reaction times were significantly shorter with the use of the mobile device compared with the standard apparatus ( P < 0.01 ) . of the results showed no sequence effects or other evidence of learning . were no changes in the secondary study variables after administration of the test drugs . of lormetazepam was associated with dizziness in 2 subjects , in 1 case occurring in association with somnolence . adverse events were mild and subsided spontaneously 3 hours after drug intake . administration of placebo , 1 subject reported slight somnolence 60 minutes after dosing that persisted through 180 minutes . this small , selected group of healthy young adult subjects , a single dose of lormetazepam 1 mg did not affect psychomotor performance , assessed in terms of visual reaction times , compared with placebo ."
977,Abstract #977,"ovarian failure ( CIOF ) is a frequent side-effect of adjuvant chemotherapy that results in rapid bone loss . hypothesised that zoledronic acid ( ZA ) , a third-generation amino bisphosphonate , would prevent bone loss in premenopausal women who developed CIOF . ( 439 ) were randomised to intravenous ( i.v. ) ZA 4 mg every 3 months for 2 years starting within 1-3 months after randomization ( arm A ) or 1 year after randomization ( arm B , controls ) . was prospectively defined as 3 months of amenorrhoea , follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) 30 MIU/ml and non-pregnant at 1 year . primary end-point was the percentage change in bone mineral density ( BMD ) in the lumbar spine ( LS ) from baseline to 12 months in the ZA and in control groups in women who developed CIOF ; the secondary end-point was BMD in LS at 3 years in all randomised women . hundred and fifty ( 56 % ) met the definition of CIOF at 1 year . , grade 3 toxicities of ZA were fatigue ( 1 % ) arthralgias ( 21 % ) and pain ( 84 % ) . median percent change ( interquartile range , IQR ) at 1 year was +1.2 % ( -0.5 % to +2.8 % ) and -6.7 % ( -9.7 % to -2.9 % ) p < 0.001 and at 3 years was +1.0 % ( -1.6 % to +5.2 % ) and -0.5 % ( -3.7 % to +3.2 % ) p = 0.019 in arms A and B , respectively . every 3 months is well tolerated and prevents rapid bone loss in premenopausal women that develop CIOF . ZA with rather than 1 year after the start of adjuvant chemotherapy is the preferred sequence to prevent bone loss ."
978,Abstract #978,"management of labor is a multifaceted program that , as implemented at the National Maternity Hospital in Dublin , is associated with a lower rate of cesarean delivery than the rate usually found in the United States . conducted a randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of this approach in lowering the rate of cesarean section among women delivering their first babies . randomly assigned 1934 nulliparous women at low risk of complications of pregnancy , before 30 weeks ' gestation , to active management of labor or to a usual-care group . components of active management were customized childbirth classes ; strict criteria for the diagnosis of labor ; standardized management of labor , including early amniotomy and treatment with high-dose oxytocin ; and one-to-one nursing . low-risk subgroup was defined as including women with full-term , uncomplicated pregnancies who spontaneously went into labor ( the protocol-eligible subgroup ) . meeting these criteria who had been randomly assigned to the active-management group were admitted to a separate unit where their labor was managed by trained , certified nurse-midwives . was no difference between groups in the rate of cesarean section either among all women ( active management , 19.5 percent ; usual care , 19.4 percent ) or in the protocol-eligible subgroup ( active management , 10.9 percent ; usual care , 11.5 percent ) . the protocol-eligible subgroup , the median duration of labor was shortened by 2.7 hours by active management ( from 8.9 to 6.2 hours ) , and the rate of maternal fever was lower ( 7 percent vs. 11 percent , P = 0.007 ) . percentage of women in whom labor lasted longer than 12 hours was three times higher in the usual-care group than in the active-management group ( 26 percent vs. 9 percent , P < 0.001 ) . management of labor did not reduce the rate of cesarean section in nulliparous women but was associated with a somewhat shorter duration of labor and less maternal fever ."
979,Abstract #979,"evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may reduce hyperactivity in children with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) . sought to examine the feasibility of a novel , Internet-based clinical trial design to evaluate the efficacy of this supplement . invitations were sent to parents of children aged 5 to 8 years enrolled in the Interactive Autism Network . study procedures , including screening , informed consent , and collection of outcome measures took place over the Internet . primary outcome measures were parent - and teacher-rated changes in hyperactivity on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC-H ) . the 6-week recruitment period , 57 children from 28 states satisfied all eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned to 1.3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids or an identical placebo daily for 6 weeks . assessments were obtained from all 57 participants and 57 teachers , and the study was completed in 3 months . in the omega-3 fatty acid group had a greater reduction in hyperactivity ( -5.3 points ) compared to the placebo group ( -2.6 points ) , but the difference was not statistically significant ( 1.9-point greater improvement in the omega-3 group , 95 % CI = -2.2 to 5.2 ) . events were rare and not associated with omega-3 fatty acids . feedback was positive . , randomized controlled trials of therapies in children with ASD are feasible and may lead to marked reductions in the time and cost of completing trials . larger sample size is required to definitively determine the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids . trial registration information-Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Hyperactivity Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorder ; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01694667 ."
980,Abstract #980,"carcinoma ( HCC ) recurrence after ablation therapy for primary tumors is common . evaluate the effectiveness of interferon-alpha ( IFN-alpha ) in preventing HCC recurrence , 30 eligible patients were randomized into three groups : 11 patients treated with three mega units ( MU ) of IFN-alpha three times weekly for 24 months ( IFN-alpha-continuous group ) , 9 patients treated with 3 MU of IFN-alpha daily for 10 days every month for 6 months followed by 3 MU of IFN-alpha daily for 10 days every 3 months for a further 18 months ( IFN-alpha-intermittent group ) , and 10 patients who received no IFN-alpha therapy ( control group ) . three groups were comparable in terms of etiology , demographics , and laboratory data at entry and HCC characteristics . a median follow-up of 27 months ( range 4-53 months ) , 9 patients ( 90 % ) in the control group and 9 patients ( 45 % ) in 2 treatment groups ( 6 patients in the IFN-alpha-continuous group and 3 patients in the IFN-alpha-intermittent group ) developed an HCC recurrence ( P = 0.021 ) . HCC recurrence rates in the IFN-alpha-intermittent , IFN-alpha-continuous , and control groups were 22.2 % , 27.3 % , and 40 % at the end of 1 year and 33.3 % , 54.6 % , and 90 % at the end of 4 years ( P = 0.0375 ) , respectively ( control vs. IFN-alpha-intermittent group , P = 0.0123 ; vs. IFN-alpha-continuous group , P = 0.0822 ) . both IFN-alpha groups were combined , the cumulative HCC recurrence rate of the patients treated with IFN-alpha and the control group was 25 % and 40 % at the end of 1 year and 47 % and 90 % at the end of 4 years , respectively ( P = 0.0135 ) . data suggested that IFN-alpha therapy may reduce HCC recurrence after medical ablation therapy for primary tumors ."
981,Abstract #981,"venous catheterization is more difficult in infants than in adults . internal jugular venous cannulation may improve the accuracy of localization of the internal jugular vein ( IJV ) , but ultrasound equipment is not universally available . landmark technique remains essential in daily practice . hundred and forty infants , aged 3-12 months , who were scheduled to undergo surgery for congenital heart disease , were randomly assigned to a new landmark-guided group or traditional para-carotid group . the new landmark-guided group , at the level of the cricoid cartilage , the carotid artery was marked , and the apex of the triangle formed by the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the clavicle was also marked . needle was inserted at the midpoint of the two marked points and advanced in the direction of the ipsilateral nipple . cardiac anesthesia fellows participated in this study , and each fellow performed 10 central catheterizations in each group . times to successful catheterization of the IJV were measured . at needle punctures for successful catheterization and procedural complications were counted . IJV was successfully punctured within three attempts in 74 % of infants in the para-carotid group , compared with 94 % in the new landmark-guided group ( P = 0.001 ) . time to successful catheterization was significantly shorter in the new landmark-guided group ( P < 0.01 ) . incidence of arterial punctures in the para-carotid group was 11 % , compared with 3 % in the new landmark-guided group ( P < 0.05 ) . with traditional para-carotid approach , the new landmark-guided approach for access of the IJV during teaching central catheterization significantly reduced carotid arterial puncture , provided a higher success rate and minimized procedure time in infants aged 3-12 months ."
982,Abstract #982,"compare the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway Supreme , ProSeal and I-gel in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery . Jan 2010 to Sep 2012 in Beijing Hospital , approved by hospital ethics committee , ninety ASA IorII patients , aged 21-64 yr , weighing 45-90 kg , undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery , were randomized into 3 groups ( n = 30 each ) : LMA Supreme group ( group S ) , LMA ProSeal group ( group P ) and LMA I-gel group ( group I ) . test was performed before operation for each case . was induced with target-controlled infusion . the patients lost consciousness , rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion . Supreme , LMA ProSeal and LMA I-gel were inserted in S , P and I groups respectively . gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA . LMA placement time , the number of attempts of LMA insertion , the number of attempts of gastric tube placement , the airway sealing pressure , the parameters of ventilation , and complications ( sore throat , odynophagia , hoarseness , regurgitation of gastric contents , LMA with adhesion of blood ) were recorded . fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after LMA placement . anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded . was no significant difference in the anesthesia time , recovery time , fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ) . of ventilation in each group were normal . success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100 % in each group . airway sealing pressure in S , P and I groups were 25 5 cm H2O , 32 5 cm H2O , 30 6 cm H2O respectively , the airway sealing pressure was significantly higher in group P and group I , compare with group S ( P < 0.05 ) . LMA placement time in S , P and I groups were 8 4s , 10 5s , 8 3s respectively , while the incidence of sore throat were 17 % , 20 % , 3 % . LMA placement time was significantly shorter and the incidence of sore throat was significantly lower in group I than in group P ( P < 0.05 ) . three LMA can all be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery . I-gel and LMA ProSeal can provide higher airway sealing pressure . I-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications ."
983,Abstract #983,"increasing interest in visual and hearing impairment in the older population , little attention has been paid to concurrent hearing and vision loss , also known as dual sensory loss . aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of comorbid hearing disability and hearing aid ownership in visually impaired older adults . a cross-sectional survey , a self-report hearing disability screener was administered to 1396 visually impaired patients ( aged 50 years ) of outpatient low vision rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands and Belgium . all participants , 44.8 % ( 95 % CI 42.2-47 .5 ) had insufficient or poor hearing ; the prevalence increased quadratically with age . all dual sensory impaired participants , 31.2 % in the Netherlands and 55.7 % in Belgium did not own hearing aids . high prevalence of dual sensory loss calls for more awareness of related problems in these patients . between the Netherlands and Belgium regarding hearing aid ownership might be due to different criteria used for hearing aid referral and insurance policies . patients with dual sensory loss , specialized care implemented in low vision rehabilitation seems warranted ."
984,Abstract #984,"evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of deoxyribonucleotidum in treatment of acute viral myocarditis . patients with acute viral myocarditis were randomized equally into therapeutic group and control group . in the control group were treated with routine treatment and those in the therapeutic group were given deoxyribonucleotidum in addition to routine treatment . 4 weeks , the total efficacy rate and median time of symptom disappearance were compared between the two groups . total efficacy rate in the control and therapeutic groups was 79.54 % and 95.45 % ( P = 0.049 ) , and the median time of symptom disappearance was 9.5 days and 6.5 days , respectively ( P = 0.035 ) . and mild dizziness were found in 2 patients in the therapeutic group without other severe side effects . can improve the therapeutic effect for acute viral myocarditis ."
985,Abstract #985,"assess the safety profile of slow-release ( SR ) alfuzosin in the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction ( BPO ) , with special attention to orthostatic blood pressure changes , postural symptoms and efficacy . placebo-controlled studies involving 588 patients ( 292 receiving SR alfuzosin 5 mg twice daily and 296 a placebo ) were pooled ; 51 % of the patients were > or = 65 years of age and 43 % had associated cardiovascular disease including hypertension and/or were receiving concomitant antihypertensive drugs . alfuzosin was very well tolerated with an overall incidence of adverse events similar to that of placebo ( 18.5 % and 15.8 % of patients , respectively ) and an overall incidence of withdrawal from therapy for adverse events lower than that of placebo ( 3.4 % and 5.7 % , respectively ) . events potentially related to vasodilatation were infrequent with SR alfuzosin ( the same incidence as with placebo , i.e. 2.7 % of patients ) and these adverse events occurred mainly during the first month of alfuzosin treatment . effect on supine blood pressure was minimal . the subgroups of elderly and hypertensive patients treated with SR alfuzosin , the cumulative incidence of asymptomatic orthostatic hypotension during the first month of treatment was slightly higher than with placebo with no objective consequences on the incidence of adverse events . clinical efficacy of SR alfuzosin was confirmed by a significant improvement in urinary symptoms and a significant increase in maximum flow rates . alfuzosin ( 10 mg/day ) can be administered safely without titration in patients with BPO , even in elderly and hypertensive patients . favourable benefit/risk ratio allows alfuzosin to be classified as a clinically uroselective alpha 1-blocker . analysis of orthostatic changes in blood pressure is important when assessing the safety profile of an alpha 1-blocker in patients with BPO ."
986,Abstract #986,"compare the efficacy and safety of brodimoprim ( BDP ) with those of amoxicillin ( AMX ) in patients with acute bacterial pharyngitis/tonsillitis . controlled study . and general practices in Austria , Germany and Switzerland . adult patients of both sexes aged 12 to 75 years . were allocated to an 8 - to 12-day treatment with BDP ( 400 mg loading dose followed by 200mg once a day ) or AMX ( 750mg t.i.d ) . of clinical signs/symptoms and negative bacterial examination at completion of therapy . cure/improvement rate of 97.8 % and 94.8 % in respectively the BDP and the AMX group . eradication in 87.7 % of the cases treated with BDP and 88.3 % of those receiving AMX . good/good tolerability in 85.2 % BDP - and 82.8 % AMX treated patients ."
987,Abstract #987,"the relationship of demographics and health conditions , alone and in combination , on objective measures of cognitive function in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults . data from 2,782 participants in the Advanced Cognitive Training in Independent and Vital Elderly ( ACTIVE ) study were used to examine relationships of demographics and health conditions with composite scores of memory , reasoning , and speed of processing . age , increased education , and White race were independently associated with better performance in each cognitive domain after adjusting for gender and health conditions . gender , diabetes , and suspected clinical depression were associated with poorer cognitive functioning ; suspected clinical depression was associated with lower reasoning and diabetes and history of stroke with slower speed of processing . , education , and race are consistently associated with cognitive performance in this sample of older community-dwelling adults . , stroke , and suspected clinical depression had independent but weaker effects on cognition ."
988,Abstract #988,"compare mean heart and left anterior descending coronary artery ( LAD ) doses ( NTDmean ) and positional reproducibility in larger-breasted women receiving left breast radiotherapy using supine voluntary deep-inspiratory breath-hold ( VBH ) and free-breathing prone techniques . surgery for early breast cancer , patients with estimated breast volumes > 750 cm ( 3 ) underwent planning-CT scans in supine VBH and free-breathing prone positions . treatment plans were prepared , and mean heart and LAD doses were calculated . were randomised to receive one technique for fractions 1-7 , before switching techniques for fractions 8-15 ( 40 Gy/15 fractions total ) . electronic portal imaging and alternate-day cone-beam CT ( CBCT ) imaging were performed . primary endpoint was the difference in mean LAD NTDmean between techniques . systematic ( ) and random errors ( ) were estimated . comparisons between techniques used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests . patients were recruited , with complete dosimetric data available for 28 . heart and LAD NTDmean doses for VBH and prone treatments respectively were 0.4 and 0.7 ( p < 0.001 ) and 2.9 and 7.8 ( p < 0.001 ) . CBCT errors for VBH and prone respectively were 3.0 mm and 6.5 mm ( ) and 3.5 mm and 5.4 mm ( ) . larger-breasted women , supine VBH provided superior cardiac sparing and reproducibility than a free-breathing prone position ."
989,Abstract #989,"is growing evidence that the immune response is involved in atherosclerosis . to heat shock protein 60/65 have been shown to be a risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis and been proposed as a diagnostic marker of atherosclerosis . addition , it has been suggested that the immune response to heat shock protein 60/65 may be a link between exposure to microorganisms and increased cardiovascular risk . 1 ) To investigate the association between anti-shock protein 65 titre and coronary atherosclerosis . 2 ) To assess whether anti-mhsp65 titre is a useful diagnostic marker of atherosclerosis ; ( 3 ) To examine the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on anti-heat shock protein 65 titre . the first study we measured anti-heat shock protein 65 titres in 136 consecutive male subjects admitted for routine coronary angiography . shock protein 65 titres correlated with both the severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis and the relationship remains statistically significant for the presence of atherosclerosis ( P = 0.012 ) after adjustment for possible confounding influences . the association had insufficient sensitivity to be a useful clinical test . the second study we recruited 100 patients with confirmed active H. pylori infection and double blindly randomized them to eradication therapy or placebo . eradication of H. pylori led to a significant fall in anti-heat shock protein 65 titres ( from a mean of 256.4 AU.ml-1 to 137.5 AU . . = 0.033 ) . results raise the possibility that exposure to H. pylori and other micro-organisms lead to an increased risk of clinically manifest coronary artery disease by an autoimmune process ."
990,Abstract #990,"aim of the study was to examine the effect of a computer-generated patient-held medical record summary ( CHR ) and/or a written personal health record ( PHR ) on patients ' attitudes , knowledge and behaviour concerning health promotion . was conducted in five general practices in Oxfordshire . aged 25-65 years in each practice were randomly assigned to receive either a CHR plus PHR , CHR only , PHR only , or no personal record . were recruited by mail ( one practice ) or opportunistically by nurses ( four practices ) . checks were carried out using the randomly assigned record , which the patient retained . to patient-held records , and pre - and post-intervention knowledge and behaviour concerning health promotion , were assessed using questionnaires . those who responded to ` before ' and ` after ' questionnaires were included in the analysis . sample of 261 patients was obtained from mail recruitment and 103 from opportunistic nurse recruitment . receiving a CHR as part of mail recruitment were significantly more likely to attend for a health check ( P = 0.016 ) . receiving both PHR and CHR were more likely to keep ( P = 0.014 ) and use ( P = 0.029 ) the record . receiving PHR as part of the package improved their knowledge of health promotion and became more aware of and more likely to change their life-style ( P = 0.022 ) . effectiveness of a computer-generated patient-held health summary and an explanatory booklet together is greater than either separately in changing patients ' knowledge attitudes and behaviour concerning health promotion ."
991,Abstract #991,"interacting medications , such as doxycycline , are initiated during warfarin therapy , one method to correct for non-therapeutic international normalized ratio ( INR ) is adjusting the warfarin dose , if necessary . approach is preemptive warfarin dose adjustment . study 's objective was to evaluate the utility of preemptive warfarin dose adjustment for preventing non-therapeutic INR following doxycycline-warfarin co-administration . were randomized to either a 10 % to 20 % preemptive warfarin dose reduction ( intervention ) or reactive warfarin dose adjustment ( control ) within 72 hours of warfarin-doxycycline co-administration . received a follow-up INR within 7 days ( index INR ) . outcome was the occurrence of index INR 1 point over the INR goal range upper limit . outcomes included INR control , purchases of prescription vitamin K , and warfarin-associated adverse events in the 30 days after doxycycline initiation . and 17 patients comprised the intervention and control groups . intervention group 's warfarin dose was reduced by a median of 11 % . control patients ( n = 2 ) experienced an INR 1 point over the INR goal range upper limit compared to intervention ( n = 0 ) ; however , the difference ( 12 % vs. 0 % ) was not statistically significant ( p = 0.20 ) . higher percentage of intervention patients had subtherapeutic index INRs compared to control ( 35 % vs. 6 % , p < 0.05 ) . patient from each group experienced warfarin-associated bleeding . thromboembolic complications or vitamin K use were observed . warfarin patients initiating doxycycline therapy , preemptive warfarin dose reduction did not result in supratherapeutic INRs but increased the likelihood of subtherapeutic INRs compared to INR monitoring with reactive warfarin dose adjustment ."
992,Abstract #992,"has been much interest in the role that the signaling molecule nitric oxide ( NO ) plays in cancer . has both tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting effects that are dependent on its local tissue concentration . animal studies , the administration of exogenous NO has reduced both tumor growth and dissemination , and in vitro NO administration causes death of oral cancer cell lines . evaluated the oral administration of the NO donor drug isosorbide mononitrate ( ISMO ) on cellular proliferation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma . prospective randomized double-blind study was performed on 31 patients with biopsy-confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma . incisional biopsy , patients were randomized to receive either ISMO ( at a dose of 20 mg twice a day ) or placebo tablets for 2 weeks before definitive resection . proliferation was compared between biopsy and resection specimens , using the immunohistochemical marker Ki-67 . statistical difference was found between Ki-67 indices in initial biopsy and resection specimens after ISMO ( P = .23 ) or placebo ( P = .5 ) administration . were no obvious clinical changes seen in the tumor during the clinical trial as a result of ISMO administration . high concentrations of NO are cytotoxic , it is unlikely that administration of NO at an increased dose would be useful in the management of oral cancer because this would result in unacceptable systemic side effects . possible manipulation of NO in oral cancer is discussed ."
993,Abstract #993,"increase understanding of the potential in elderly persons for disability related to behavioral side effects of anxiolytic medications , cognitive and psychomotor effects of clinical doses of buspirone and a popular intermediate-acting benzodiazepine , alprazolam , were examined in carefully screened , healthy elderly subjects . subjects recruited through community organizations and newspaper advertisements and screened on the basis of history , physical examination , and laboratory studies were randomly assigned to one of three drug treatment groups . 2 days of washout placebo , subjects were given 0.25 mg t.i.d. of alprazolam , 5 mg t.i.d. of buspirone , or placebo three times a day for a total of 14 days in a double-blind design . assessments were completed beginning 1 hour after ingestion of medication on the second washout placebo day , day 1 of the treatment period , and day 14 of the treatment period . included the continuous performance test , recall memory for word lists , digit-symbol substitution , retention of pictorial stimuli over 1 hour , the Profile of Mood States , and subjective ratings of mental status . did not affect reaction time , vigilance , psychomotor speed , or memory function . had minimal effects on vigilance , psychomotor speed , and memory on the first treatment day and had no effects after repeated doses . did not produce behavioral side effects that could lead to disability , and alprazolam had minimal side effects . the patients were carefully screened , it is unclear whether these medications in the doses used would have more side effects in less healthy elderly patients ."
994,Abstract #994,"discontinuation of adjuvant endocrine therapy may affect the outcome of treatment in breast cancer patients . aim of this study was to assess age-specific persistence and age-specific survival outcome based on persistence status . enrolled in the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational trial were included . was defined as discontinuing the assigned endocrine treatment within 1 year of follow-up because of adverse events , intercurrent illness , patient refusal , or other reasons . were the breast cancer-specific and overall survival times . were stratified by age at diagnosis ( < 65 years , 65-74 years , 75 years ) . , 3,142 postmenopausal breast cancer patients were included : 1,682 were aged < 65 years , 951 were aged 65-74 years , and 509 were aged 75 years . age was associated with a higher proportion of nonpersistence within 1 year of follow-up . patients aged < 65 years , nonpersistent patients had lower breast cancer-specific and overall survival probabilities . patients aged 65-74 years and patients aged 75 years , the survival times of persistent and nonpersistent patients were similar . within 1 year of follow-up was associated with lower breast cancer-specific and overall survival probabilities in patients aged < 65 years , but it was not associated with survival outcomes in patients aged 65-74 years or in patients aged 75 years . results suggest that extrapolation of outcomes from a young to an elderly breast cancer population may be insufficient and urge age-specific breast cancer studies ."
995,Abstract #995,"study investigates consequences of chronic neck pain on muscle function and the rehabilitating effects of contrasting interventions . with trapezius myalgia ( MYA , n = 42 ) and healthy controls ( CON , n = 20 ) participated in a case-control study . MYA were randomized to 10 weeks of specific strength training ( SST , n = 18 ) , general fitness training ( GFT , n = 16 ) , or a reference group without physical training ( REF , n = 8 ) . performed tests of 100 consecutive cycles of 2s isometric maximal voluntary contractions ( MVC ) of shoulder elevation followed by 2s relaxation at baseline and 10-week follow-up . the case-control study , peak force , rate of force development , and rate of force relaxation as well as EMG amplitude were lower in MYA than CON throughout all 100 MVC . fiber capillarization was not significantly different between MYA and CON . the intervention study , SST improved all force parameters significantly more than the two other groups , to levels comparable to that of CON . was seen along with muscle fiber hypertrophy and increased capillarization . with trapezius myalgia have lower strength capacity during repetitive MVC of the trapezius muscle than healthy controls . strength training effectively improves strength capacity during repetitive MVC of the painful trapezius muscle ."
996,Abstract #996,"aim was to evaluate the visual performance provided with a contact lens-based pinhole design against a simultaneous vision multifocal contact lens . a cross-over study at the University of Valencia , 22 presbyopic patients were evaluated using an artificial pupil fitted on the non-dominant eye and the simultaneous vision PureVision Multifocal contact lenses . one month of contact lens wear , binocular distance visual acuity ( BDVA ) , binocular near visual acuity ( BNVA ) , defocus curve , binocular distance contrast sensitivity , binocular near contrast sensitivity , and stereoacuity were measured , under photopic conditions ( 85 cd/m ( 2 ) ) . addition , binocular distance visual acuity and binocular distance contrast sensitivity were examined under mesopic conditions ( 5 cd/m ( 2 ) ) . binocular distance visual acuity for pinhole and PureVision Multifocal were 0.02 0.04 and 0.01 0.04 logMAR under photopic conditions and 0.16 0.06 and 0.12 0.04 logMAR for binocular near visual acuity under mesopic conditions , respectively . statistically significant differences were found between both types of lenses at distance for both lighting levels and intermediate distances ( p > 0.05 ) . was a significant difference at near vision under photopic conditions ( p = 0.03 ) . distance contrast sensitivity revealed statistically significant differences between the pinhole system and PureVision Multifocal for six and 12 cpd ( cycles per degree ) spatial frequencies at the two luminance levels , while for near vision , differences were also significant for 18 cpd . was better with PureVision Multifocal ( 127 49.3 seconds of arc ) compared with the pinhole lens ( 220.2 32.3 seconds of arc , p = 0.004 ) . and PureVision Multifocal contact lenses provide good binocular vision for distance and functional intermediate vision . it was better with the PureVision Multifocal , near vision was not satisfactory for either of the two contact lens options ."
997,Abstract #997,"animal studies and previous randomized trials suggest an improvement in mortality and neurologic function with induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest . guidelines advocate the use of a target temperature management of 32C to 34C for 12 to 24 hours after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest . systematic review indicates that the evidence for recommending this intervention is inconclusive , and the GRADE level of evidence is low . trials were small , with high risk of bias , evaluated select populations , and did not treat hyperthermia in the control groups . optimal target temperature management strategy is not known . TTM trial is an investigator-initiated , international , randomized , parallel-group , and assessor-blinded clinical trial designed to enroll at least 850 adult , unconscious patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of a presumed cardiac cause . patients will be randomized to a target temperature management of either 33C or 36C after return of spontaneous circulation . both groups , the intervention will last 36 hours . primary outcome is all-cause mortality at maximal follow-up . main secondary outcomes are the composite outcome of all-cause mortality and poor neurologic function ( cerebral performance categories 3 and 4 ) at hospital discharge and at 180 days , cognitive status and quality of life at 180 days , assessment of safety and harm . TTM trial will investigate potential benefit and harm of 2 target temperature strategies , both avoiding hyperthermia in a large proportion of the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest population ."
998,Abstract #998,"antibodies in breast milk may adversely influence the immune response to live oral vaccines . breastfeeding around the time of vaccine administration has been suggested for improving vaccine performance . , we do not know whether mothers find withholding breastfeeding around the time of vaccination acceptable and how they perceive this recommendation . a clinical study designed to examine predictors of poor immune response to rotavirus vaccine in infants in India , Rotarix was administered to infants at 6 and 10 weeks with other childhood vaccines . the study , 400 mother-infant pairs were randomized into two groups in a 1:1 ratio . were either recommended to withhold breastfeeding or were encouraged to breastfeed half an hour before and after administration of Rotarix . mother-infant pairs were observed and the breastfeeding intervals were recorded during this period . were administered a questionnaire about their perception of the intervention after the infants received the second dose of Rotarix . 98 % ( 391/400 ) of the infants received both doses of Rotarix . to the recommendations was high in both groups . mothers in the group who were asked to withhold breastfeeding did so , except one who breastfed her infant before the recommended time after the first dose of Rotarix . the mothers , 4 % ( 7/195 ) reported that the recommendation to withhold breastfeeding was difficult to follow . mothers in this group reported that they would withhold breastfeeding at the time of vaccination if they were asked to by a health-care provider . one mother responded that withholding breastfeeding would be a reason for not giving rotavirus vaccine to her infant . breastfeeding half an hour before and after vaccination appears to be acceptable to mothers in this setting . withholding breastfeeding produces an improvement in the performance of the vaccine , it could be used to increase the public health impact of rotavirus immunization . Trial Registry , India ( CTRI/2012/10 / 003057 ) , Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT01700127 ) . of Registration : Clinical Trial Registry , India : 28 September 2012 , Clinicaltrials.gov : 3 October 2012 ."
999,Abstract #999,"compare the tolerability and feasibility of the transvaginal and standard approaches in outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy . randomized prospective trial was carried out in two centres to compare the transvaginal ( n = 200 ) and conventional ( n = 200 ) approaches during outpatient hysteroscopy . were randomized by a computer-generated list . main outcome measure was pain during the examination , measured on a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) graded from 0 to 10 ( 0 = lowest , 10 = highest ) . criteria were ease of instrument passage through the cervix , investigation quality and its duration . data analysis , we used the chi-squared test or Fischer 's exact test for qualitative variables and the Mann-Whitney U-test for quantitative variables . VAS was rated at 0.5 for the vaginoscopic and 2 for the standard ( P < 0.0001 ) approaches . approaches did not differ significantly in investigation quality , procedure duration or ease of cervical passage ( although the latter was more often easy transvaginally ) . transvaginal approach is better tolerated than the conventional technique in outpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy ."
1000,Abstract #1000,", a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant , is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase . use of butyrylcholinesterase for antagonism of profound mivacurium-induced blockade has not been studied in humans . part 1 of this two-part study , the authors examined the relationship between the posttetanic count ( PTC ) and recovery from profound mivacurium-induced blockade . part 2 , an attempt was made to antagonize a quantified level of profound mivacurium-induced blockade using either butyrylcholinesterase , edrophonium , or neostigmine . ASA physical status 1 or 2 adult patients were given 0.15 mg.kg-1 mivacurium during fentanyl-thiopental-nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia . were randomly assigned to eight groups . function was monitored by recording the mechanomyographic response of the adductor pollicis to PTC and train-of-four ( TOF ) stimulation in all patients except those in group 1 where the TOF was the only pattern used . part 1 , neuromuscular function was allowed to recover spontaneously in ten patients ( group 1 ; control-TOF ) until TOF ratio ( the amplitude of the fourth evoked response as a fraction of the first evoked response T4/T1 ) had reached 0.75 . temporal relationship between PTC and the first reaction to TOF stimulation was determined in another 31 patients , and neuromuscular function in 10 of these patients was allowed to recover spontaneously until TOF ratio had reached 0.75 . temporal relationship between PTC and the first reaction to TOF stimulation was determined in another 21 patients , and neuromuscular function in 10 of these patients was allowed to recover spontaneously , until TOF ratio had reached 0.75 ( group 2 ; control-PTC ) . part 2 , the antagonism of mivacurium-induced profound ( PTC > or = 1 ; groups 3-6 ) and 90 % block ( groups 7-8 ) of twitch height were investigated in another 56 patients . 3 and 7 received neostigmine 0.06 mg.kg-1 whereas groups 4 and 8 received edrophonium 1 mg.kg-1 , respectively . 5 and 6 received exogenous human butyrylcholinesterase equivalent to activity present in 25 or 70 ml.kg-1 of human plasma , respectively . butyrylcholinesterase nor edrophonium shortened the times from first PTC response to TOF = 0.75 compared to group 2 . resulted in prolongation of recovery time . was a linear relationship ( r = -0.80 ; P = 0.00001 ) between PTC and time of onset of TOF response . appears to be no clinical advantage in attempting to antagonize profound mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade ."
1001,Abstract #1001,"the last decades transaxillary breast augmentation ( TBA ) has gained worldwide acceptance . augmentation via transaxillary access endoscopically assisted in the subglandular , subfascial , and submuscular planes has been previously described . TBA is a well-studied procedure , few reports exist concerning the subfascial plane of implant insertion and none exist comparing the three different planes of insertion by TBA . perspective study to evaluate the outcomes , complications , and patient satisfaction of TBA using the three different planes of implant insertion was performed during 2004-2005 . patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria . were randomly divided into three groups corresponding to the three planes of silicone insertion . patients had a silicone texturized implant that ranged from 190 to 300 cc . satisfaction with the breast appearance after TBA was rated on a scale of 1-5 , where 1 is poor , 2 is fair , 3 is good , 4 is very good , and 5 is excellent . evaluation was made at the follow-up times of 6 months and 3 years . were 18 patients enrolled for the subcutaneous TBA ( Group A ) , 18 for the subfascial TBA ( Group B ) , and 17 for the submuscular TBA ( Group C ) . incision-related complications occurred in 9 % of the patients and included formation of a hypertrophic scar and small-wound dehiscence . was no hematoma formation and no case of infection . was one patient from Group A who developed seroma and was treated conservatively . months postoperatively the same patient developed Baker III capsule contracture , which required silicone implant replacement in the subfascial plane . case of stretch marks in a young nulliparous woman from Group B did not need treatment . patient from Group A underwent implant exchange because of implant size dissatisfaction . patients in Group C had mild distortion of the implant during pectoral contracture . meta-analysis of patient satisfaction 6 months and 3 years after TBA is presented . breast augmentation provides consistent , satisfactory results with ease of dissection , when properly indicated . the subfascial augmentation mammaplasty has all the advantages of the subpectoral and subglandular augmentation mammaplasties and eliminates the disadvantages of increased postoperative discomfort , implant visibility , and distortion , patients of all three groups had similar rates of satisfaction . follow-up is needed in order to compare the long-term effects of the three different planes of insertion ."
1002,Abstract #1002,"determine how effective hydroxyzine is compared with a placebo in providing pre-operative anxiolysis in our hospital population , and to assess the anxiolytic effect of our pre-operative visit . , randomised , prospective , controlled trial . levels assessed with visual analogue scales ( VAS ) , by patient and investigator . parameters measured : heart rate , blood pressure , respiratory rate . Hospital , Johannesburg . female patients aged 20-60 years , American Society of Anesthesiologists status I-III , scheduled for elective gynaecological surgery under general anaesthesia . overall participation rate was 100 % . cases were randomly selected . ( Aterax ) 1-2 mg/kg , or a placebo administered orally as anaesthetic premedication . effect of agents and of pre-operative visit . interval between premedication and induction of anaesthesia . pressure , heart rate , respiratory rate , other signs of autonomic hyperactivity ( restlessness , tremors , sweating ) . statistically significant reduction in anxiety followed the administration of hydroxyzine ( P < 0.05 ) and the placebo ( P < 0.03 ) ; however , no statistically or clinically significant difference could be demonstrated between the two agents . significant anxiolysis occurred following the premedication visit . average premedication-induction interval was 72 minutes . were no significant differences in haemodynamic parameters between the two groups . , in the dose administered and after an appropriate premedication-induction interval , provided no better anxiolysis than a placebo in the pre-operative period . significant anxiolytic effect was demonstrated by our routine premedication visit ."
1003,Abstract #1003,"guidelines recommend that patients at risk for ulcer disease who require treatment for arthritis receive nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) that are selective for cyclooxygenase-2 or the combination of a nonselective NSAID with a proton-pump inhibitor . assessed whether celecoxib would be similar to diclofenac plus omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients at high risk for bleeding . studied patients who used NSAIDs for arthritis and who presented with ulcer bleeding . their ulcers had healed , we randomly assigned patients who were negative for Helicobacter pylori to receive either 200 mg of celecoxib twice daily plus daily placebo or 75 mg of diclofenac twice daily plus 20 mg of omeprazole daily for six months . end point was recurrent ulcer bleeding . the intention-to-treat analysis , which included 287 patients ( 144 receiving celecoxib and 143 receiving diclofenac plus omeprazole ) , recurrent ulcer bleeding occurred in 7 patients receiving celecoxib and 9 receiving diclofenac plus omeprazole . probability of recurrent bleeding during the six-month period was 4.9 percent ( 95 percent confidence interval , 3.1 to 6.7 ) for patients who received celecoxib and 6.4 percent ( 95 percent confidence interval , 4.3 to 8.4 ) for patients who received diclofenac plus omeprazole ( difference , -1.5 percentage points ; 95 percent confidence interval for the difference , -6.8 to 3.8 ) . adverse events , including hypertension , peripheral edema , and renal failure , occurred in 24.3 percent of the patients receiving celecoxib and 30.8 percent of those receiving diclofenac plus omeprazole . patients with a recent history of ulcer bleeding , treatment with celecoxib was as effective as treatment with diclofenac plus omeprazole , with respect to the prevention of recurrent bleeding . toxic effects are common in high-risk patients receiving celecoxib or diclofenac plus omeprazole ."
1004,Abstract #1004,"clinical trial . examine the effectiveness of cervical traction in addition to exercise for specific subgroups of patients with neck pain . traction is frequently used , but its effectiveness has not been adequately examined . studies have failed to target patients most likely to respond . is typically recommended for patients with cervical radiculopathy . prediction rule has been described to identify a narrower subgroup of patients likely to respond to cervical traction . with neck pain and signs of radiculopathy were randomized to 4 weeks of treatment with exercise , exercise with mechanical traction , or exercise with over-door traction . assessment included subgrouping-rule status . primary outcome measure ( Neck Disability Index , scored 0-100 ) and secondary outcome measure ( neck and arm pain intensity ) were assessed at 4 weeks , 6 months , and 12 months after enrollment . primary analyses examined 2-way treatment-by-time interactions . analyses examined validity of the subgrouping rule by adding 3-way interactions . patients ( 53.5 % female ; mean age , 46.9 years ) were enrolled in the study . analysis found lower Neck Disability Index scores at 6 months in the mechanical traction group compared to the exercise group ( mean difference between groups , 13.3 ; 95 % confidence interval : 5.6 , 21.0 ) and over-door traction group ( mean difference between groups , 8.1 ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.8 , 15.3 ) , and at 12 months in the mechanical traction group compared to the exercise group ( mean difference between groups , 9.8 ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.2 , 19.4 ) . outcomes favored mechanical traction at several time points . validity of the subgrouping rule was supported on the Neck Disability Index at the 6-month time point only . mechanical traction to exercise for patients with cervical radiculopathy resulted in lower disability and pain , particularly at long-term follow-ups . study protocol was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT00979108 ) ."
1005,Abstract #1005,"( TDF ) with emtricitabine ( FTC ) and zidovudine ( ZDV ) is a recognized alternate first-line antiretroviral ( ART ) regimen for patients who can not start treatment with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTIs ) . studies comparing TDF+FTC+ZDV to other regimens are lacking . in a trial of early ART in Cte d'Ivoire ( Temprano ANRS 12136 ) started treatment with TDF/FTC plus either efavirenz ( EFV ) or ZDV ( HIV-1 +2 dually infected patients and women refusing contraception or previously treated with nevirapine ) . compared rates of upper digestive serious adverse events ( sAEs ) between TDF/FTC + EFV and TDF/FTC + ZDV patients during the first six months of treatment . were defined as either grade 3-4 AEs or persistent grade 1-2 AEs leading to drug discontinuation . total of 197 patients ( 76 % women , median CD4 count 395/mm ( 3 ) ) started therapy with TDF/FTC , 126 with EFV and 71 with ZDV . the first six months of ART , 94 patients had digestive AEs ( nausea/vomiting ) of any grade ( EFV 36/126 , 29 % ; ZDV 58/71 , 82 % , p < 0.0001 ) , including 20 sAEs ( EFV 3/126 , 5 % ; ZDV 17/71 , 24 % , p < 0.0001 ) . on TDF/FTC + ZDV with digestive AEs , the median time to the first symptom was two days ( IQR : 1-4 ) . ZDV ( Cmax ) distributions and pill ZDV dosages were normal . with digestive AEs had higher haemoglobin levels and tended to have higher body mass indices and more frequent past histories of cotrimoxazole ( CTX ) prophylaxis . observed an unexpectedly high rate of digestive sAEs in West African adults , mostly women , who started a 3-nuc ART with TDF/FTC + ZDV in Cte d'Ivoire . adults were participating in a trial of early ART and had much higher CD4 counts than those who currently routinely start ART in sub-Saharan Africa . all received CTX concomitantly with ZDV . suggest that further early prescriptions of TDF+XTC+ZDV should be carefully monitored and that whenever possible , the rate of early upper digestive adverse events should be compared to that occurring in-patients taking other drug regimens . ."
1006,Abstract #1006,"to treat malnutrition lack practicability in the hospital setting . present study aimed at developing and evaluating a routinely manageable concept for an improved nutritional care of malnourished in-hospital patients . randomized controlled intervention study was conducted . risk patients defined by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 , were randomized to individualised nutrition support ( intervention group [ n = 66 ] ) or standard hospital care ( control group [ n = 66 ] ) . weight , plasma vitamin levels , quality of life , complications , antibiotic therapies , readmissions and mortality were assessed . interventions led to higher intakes ( mean [ standard deviation ] ) in energy ( 1553 [ 341 ] kcal vs. 1115 [ 381 ] kcal , p < 0.001 ) and protein ( 65.4 [ 16.4 ] g vs. 43.9 [ 17.2 ] g , p < 0.001 ) . patients ( n = 66 ) kept their body weight in comparison to control patients ( n = 66 ; 0.0 [ 2.9 ] kg vs. -1.4 [ 3.2 ] kg , p = 0.008 ) . effects on plasma ascorbic acid level ( 46.7 [ 26.7 ] mol/l vs. 34.1 [ 24.2 ] mol/l , p = 0.010 ) , SF-36 function summary scale ( 37 [ 11 ] % vs. 32 [ 9 ] % , p = 0.030 ) , number of complications ( 4/66 vs. 13/66 , p = 0.035 ) , antibiotic therapies ( 1/66 vs. 8/66 , p = 0.033 ) and readmissions ( 17/64 vs. 28/61 , p = 0.027 ) were recorded . patients profit from nutrition support regarding nutrition status and quality of life . have fewer complications , need fewer antibiotics and are less often re-hospitalised ."
1007,Abstract #1007,"assess the safety of nurses and paramedics offering telephone assessment , triage , and advice as an alternative to immediate ambulance dispatch for emergency ambulance service callers classified by lay call takers as presenting with `` non-serious '' problems ( category C calls ) . for this study were collected as part of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial reported elsewhere . intervention arm of the trial comprised nurse or paramedic telephone consultation using a computerised decision support system to assess , triage , and advise patients whose calls to the emergency ambulance service had been classified as `` non-serious '' by call takers applying standard priority dispatch criteria . multidisciplinary expert clinical panel reviewed data from ambulance service , accident and emergency department , hospital inpatient and general practice records , and call transcripts for patients triaged by nurses and paramedics into categories that indicated that dispatch of an emergency ambulance was unnecessary . cases for which one or more members of the panel rated that an emergency ambulance should have been dispatched were re-reviewed by the entire panel for an assessment of the `` life risk '' that might have resulted . services in London and the West Midlands , UK . 635 category C patients assessed by nurses and paramedics , 330 ( 52 % ) cases that had been triaged as not requiring an emergency ambulance were identified . of safety of triage decisions . data were available from the routine clinical records of 239 ( 72 % ) subjects to allow review by the specialist panel . 231 ( 96.7 % ) sets of case notes reviewed , the majority of the panel concurred with the nurses ' or paramedics ' triage decision . secondary review of the records of the remaining eight patients , only two were rated by the majority as having required an emergency ambulance within 14 minutes . neither of these did a majority of the panel consider that the patient would have been at `` life risk '' without an emergency ambulance being immediately dispatched . , the transcripts of these two calls indicated that the correct triage decision had been communicated to the patient , which suggests that the triage decision had been incorrectly entered into the decision support system . advice may be a safe method of managing many category C callers to 999 ambulance services . clinical trial of the full implementation of this intervention is needed , large enough to exclude the possibility of rare adverse events ."
1008,Abstract #1008,"report discusses the outcome at 1 year in patients in the Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot ( ACIP ) study . efficacy of medical therapy versus revascularization in treatment of asymptomatic ischemia is unknown . ACIP study assessed the ability of three treatment strategies to suppress ambulatory electrocardiographic ( ECG ) ischemia to determine whether a large-scale trial studying the impact of these strategies on clinical outcomes was feasible . hundred fifty-eight patients with coronary anatomy amenable to revascularization , at least one episode of asymptomatic ischemia on the 48-h ambulatory ECG and ischemia on treadmill exercise testing were randomized to one of three treatment strategies : 1 ) medication to suppress angina ( angina-guided strategy , n = 183 ) ; 2 ) medication to suppress both angina and ambulatory ECG ischemia ( ischemia-guided strategy , n = 183 ) ; or 3 ) revascularization strategy ( angioplasty or bypass surgery , n = 192 ) . was titrated atenolol-nifedipine or diltiazem-isosorbide dinitrate . revascularization group received less medication and had less ischemia on serial ambulatory ECG recordings and exercise testing than those assigned to the medical strategies . ischemia-guided group received more medication but had suppression of ischemia similar to the angina-guided group . 1 year , the mortality rate was 4.4 % in the angina-guided group ( 8 of 183 ) , 1.6 % in the ischemia-guided group ( 3 of 183 ) and 0 % in the revascularization group ( overall , p = 0.004 ; angina-guided vs. revascularization , p = 0.003 ; other pairwise comparisons , p = NS ) . of myocardial infarction , unstable angina , stroke and congestive heart failure was not significantly different among the three strategies . revascularization group had significantly fewer hospital admissions and nonprotocol revascularizations at 1 year . incidence of death , myocardial infarction , nonprotocol revascularization or hospital admissions at 1 year was 32 % with the angina-guided medical strategy , 31 % with the ischemia-guided medical strategy and 18 % with the revascularization strategy ( p = 0.003 ) . 1 year , revascularization was superior to both angina-guided and ischemia-guided medical strategies in suppressing asymptomatic ischemia and was associated with better outcome . findings require confirmation by a larger scale trial ."
1009,Abstract #1009,"extended-release ( ER ) has proven efficacy in the treatment of anxiety symptoms in major depression , generalised anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder . evaluate the efficacy , safety and tolerability of venlafaxine ER in treating panic disorder . out-patients ( n = 361 ) with panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive venlafaxine ER ( 75-225 mg/day ) or placebo for up to 10 weeks in a double-blind study . ER was not associated with a greater proportion of patients free from full-symptom panic attacks at the final on-therapy evaluation , but was associated with lower mean panic attack frequency and a higher proportion free from limited-symptom panic attacks , higher response and remission rates , and improvements in anticipatory anxiety , fear and avoidance . events were comparable with those of the drug in depression and anxiety disorders . ER seems to be effective and well tolerated in the short-term treatment of panic disorder ."
1010,Abstract #1010,"optimal duration of oral anticoagulant treatment after a first episode of pulmonary embolism remains uncertain . evaluate the long-term clinical benefit of extending a 3-month course of oral anticoagulant therapy to 6 months ( pulmonary embolism associated with temporary risk factors ) or to 1 year ( idiopathic pulmonary embolism ) in patients with a first episode of pulmonary embolism . randomized study with independent , blinded assessment of the outcome events . Italian hospitals . patients who had had 3 months of oral anticoagulant therapy without experiencing recurrence or bleeding . primary study outcome was recurrence of symptomatic , objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism . 165 patients assigned to extended anticoagulant therapy , 15 patients ( 9.1 % ) had a recurrence of venous thromboembolism ( 3.1 % per patient-year ; average follow-up , 34.9 months ) , as compared with 18 of 161 patients ( 11.2 % ) assigned to discontinue treatment ( 4.1 % per patient-year ; average follow-up , 32.7 months ) ; the rate ratio was 0.81 ( 95 % CI , 0.42 to 1.56 ) . but one of the recurrences occurred after anticoagulant treatment was discontinued . recurrences ( 57.6 % ) were episodes of pulmonary embolism , two of which were fatal . major bleeding episodes were observed during extended anticoagulation ( 1.8 % ) . patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism , 11 of 90 patients assigned to extended anticoagulation and 11 of 91 patients assigned to discontinue treatment experienced a recurrence ( relative risk , 0.99 [ CI , 0.45 to 2.16 ] ) . with pulmonary embolism have a substantial risk for recurrence after discontinuation of oral anticoagulation , regardless of treatment duration . should try to identify patients who are at high risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism and are therefore potential candidates for indefinite oral anticoagulant therapy ."
1011,Abstract #1011,"syndrome is a genomic disorder caused by a hemizygous contiguous gene deletion on chromosome 7q11 .23 . urinary tract symptoms are common in children with Williams-Beuren syndrome . , there are few data on the management of voiding symptoms in this population . report our experience using oxybutynin to treat urinary symptoms in children with Williams-Beuren syndrome . prospectively analyzed 42 patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome and significant lower urinary tract symptoms due to detrusor overactivity diagnosed on urodynamics in a 12-week , open-label study . assessment included symptomatic evaluation , the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life , frequency-volume chart , urodynamics and urinary tract sonography . 12 weeks of treatment with 0.6 mg/kg oxybutynin per day given in 3 daily doses , patients were assessed for treatment efficacy and side effects . total of 17 girls and 19 boys completed medical therapy and were assessed at 12 weeks . SD patient age was 9.2 4.3 years ( range 3 to 18 ) . most common urinary complaint was urgency , which occurred in 31 patients ( 86.1 % ) , followed by urge incontinence , which was seen in 29 ( 80.5 % ) . to baseline , urinary symptoms were substantially improved . negative impact of storage symptoms on quality of life was significantly decreased from a mean SD of 3.3 1.7 to 0.5 0.9 ( p < 0.001 ) . SD maximum urinary flow improved from 14.2 15.0 to 20.5 6.4 ml per second ( p < 0.001 ) . total of 12 weeks of therapy with 0.6 mg/kg oxybutynin daily resulted in improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms , quality of life and maximum flow rate in most patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome ."
1012,Abstract #1012,"purpose of the study was to investigate possible mechanisms and morphologic changes involved in nitric oxide-induced cervical ripening . scheduled for surgical termination of first trimester pregnancy were randomized to 1 of 3 groups : isosorbide 5-mononitrate 40 mg 4 hours or 10 hours before the operation or no preoperative treatment . specimens were obtained for the analysis of tissue levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate , cyclic adenosine monophosphate , cyclo-oxygenase 1 , cyclo-oxygenase 2 , prostaglandin F ( 2 alpha ) , and prostaglandin E ( 2 ) or were fixed in glutaraldehyde for microscopy . levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate , cyclo-oxygenase 2 , prostaglandin F ( 2 alpha ) , and prostaglandin E ( 2 ) were found in samples that were exposed to isosorbide 5-mononitrate compared with control samples . microscopy revealed stromal edema and collagen disorganization after isosorbide 5-mononitrate treatment . guanosine monophosphate , prostaglandin F ( 2 alpha ) , and prostaglandin E ( 2 ) are involved in nitric oxide-induced cervical ripening . oxide causes morphologic changes similar to those changes seen during spontaneous cervical ripening ."
1013,Abstract #1013,"use of procinticos in the critical patient with nutrition enteral , they have as aim reduce the increase of the gastric residue ( RG ) . evaluate his efficiency in the improvement of the intake enteral and on the reduction in the incident gastrointestinal complications ( CGI ) and pneumonia , in critical patients , with neurological injury Aims : To evaluate the effects in the administration metoclopramide ( MCG ) , during the first five days with enteral nutrition , versus control ( GC ) , on the volume of administered diet , gastrointestinal complications and the incidence of mechanical ventilation associated pneumonia ( NAVM ) , in neuro-critically patients ( NC ) of traumatic and vascular aetiology . , closed-label , randomized study performed in an intensive Care Unit . : 150 adult neuro-critical patients ( NC ) were admitted of consecutive form and 109 were randomly and two groups 58 MCG y 51 GC . primary outcomes was the nutritional : the volume of administered diet ( VAD ) ; mean efficacious volume ( MEV ) measured in three consecutive periods of time ; the gastrointestinal complications ( GIC ) , and the rate of partial and definitive suspension of the diet . : incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia NAVM ; and of secondary outcomes were : the duration of mechanical ventilation , length of ICU and hospital stay , and incidence the serious sequelae , and 30 days mortality . were not observed in the severity variables between groups on admission . significant increase was observed in the global values and in the first five days of ( p < 0.03 ) of the VEM in the group of MCG . values of the global VDA and during three phases of study , the number CGI , the rate of partial and definitive suspensions of the diet , and number of NAVM , were similar in both not significant groups . differences were observed in the overall analysis secondary variables . metoclopramida in the NC , it is not effective in the decrease of the CGI , in the doses and time of treatment reflected in the study ."
1014,Abstract #1014,"advertising ( DTCA ) has an influence on patients ' perceptions , awareness , and behaviors . theory and the model of belief processing provide insights into cognition that stand to increase our understanding of how patients process the information presented in these advertisements and form beliefs about medications . study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sidedness of appeals and argument types in understanding beliefs that are formed after exposure to advertisements . and negative experiences were used to study these constructs . 2 ( 1-sided vs 2-sided appeals ) x 2 ( causal vs authoritative arguments ) factorial study design was used . total of 263 undergraduate students were assigned to view 1 of the 4 mock flu-medication advertisements and complete a questionnaire . were then presented with a negative scenario and were asked to fill out a questionnaire based on the information in the ad and in the negative scenario . dependent measures included belief change , change in intent to inquire , and standardized price change . were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance . exposed to 2-sided appeals showed lower belief change , standardized price change , and change in intent to inquire following a negative experience than subjects exposed to 1-sided appeals ( P < .05 ) . significant difference was found between subjects who received causal arguments and those who received authoritative arguments . significant interaction effect was observed between sidedness of appeal and argument type on initial belief and initial intent to inquire . support for aspects of inoculation theory and theory of belief formation was found . findings suggest that complying with the `` fair-balance '' requirement may be beneficial to pharmaceutical marketers as 2-sided appeals increase the tenacity of consumers ' beliefs . initial belief and intent to inquire when causal arguments are used in 2-sided promotional messages suggest that use of data to substantiate claims in advertisements may result in enhanced beliefs about the merits of advertised medication ."
1015,Abstract #1015,"assessed the effect of an open vascular simulation course on the surgical skill of junior surgical residents in performing a vascular end-to-side anastomosis and determined the course length required for effectiveness . hypothesized that a 6-week course would significantly increase the surgical skill of junior residents in performing an end-to-side anastomosis , while a 3-week course would not . randomized 37 junior residents ( postgraduate year 1 to 3 ) to a course consisting of three ( short course , n = 18 ) or six ( long course , n = 19 ) consecutive weekly 1-hour teaching sessions . focused on instrument recognition and performance of an end-to-side vascular anastomosis using a simulation model . standardized 50-point vascular skills assessment ( SVSA ) measured knowledge and technical proficiency . residents ( postgraduate year 4 to 5 ) were tested at baseline . residents were tested at baseline and at 1 and 16 weeks after course completion , and their scores were compared with baseline and senior resident scores . and faculty completed a standardized anonymous evaluation of the course . scores between short-course and long-course participants were not different . baseline , junior residents had significantly lower SVSA scores than senior residents ( 367 vs 41.42.5 ; P = .002 ) . week after course completion , SVSA scores for short-course ( 43.52.9 vs 34.27.5 ; P = .008 ) and long-course ( 43.95.6 vs 38.35.9 ; P = .006 ) participants were significantly improved from baseline . scores decreased slightly at 16 weeks but remained above baseline in short-course ( 396.2 vs 34.27.5 ; P = .03 ) and long-course ( 404.5 vs 38.35.9 ; P = .08 ) participants . vs short course length did not affect improvement in SVSA scores at 1 or 16 weeks . short-course and long-course participants , SVSA scores at 1 and 16 weeks were not significantly different from senior resident scores . ratings were high , and 95 % of residents indicated the course `` made them a better surgeon . '' and faculty felt the educational benefit of the course merited the investment of resources . open vascular simulation course consisting of three weekly 1-hour sessions increased the surgical skill of junior residents in performing a vascular end-to-side anastomosis to that of senior residents on a standardized assessment . 6-week course provided no additional benefit . study supports the use of an open vascular simulation course to teach vascular surgical skills to junior residents . course consisting of three 1-hour sessions is an effective and efficient component of a simulation program for junior surgical residents in a busy surgical center ."
1016,Abstract #1016,"impact of the modality used for local control of Ewing sarcoma is uncertain . investigated the relationship between the type of local control modality , surgery , radiation ( RT ) or both ( S + RT ) , and subsequent risk for local failure ( LF ) in patients with nonmetastatic pelvic Ewing sarcoma treated on INT-0091 . < or = 30 years with Ewing sarcoma , primitive neuroectodermal tumor or primitive sarcoma of bone were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy with doxorubicin , vincristine , cyclophosphamide , and dactinomycin , ( VACA ) or with these four drugs alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide ( VACA-IE ) . local control modality , surgery , RT or both was chosen by the treating physicians . effect of local control modality was assessed after adjusting for the size of tumor ( < 8 cm , > or = 8 cm ) and chemotherapy type . patients with pelvic tumors and a median follow-up of 4.4 years ( 0.6 to 11.4 years ) comprised the study population . underwent surgery , 44 received RT , and 19 received both . 5-year event-free survival ( EFS ) and cumulative incidence of LF was 49 % and 21 % ( 16 % , LF only ; 5 % , LF and distant failure ) . was no significant difference in EFS or LF by tumor size ( < 8 cm , > or = 8 cm ) , local control ( LC ) modality , or chemotherapy . , VACA-IE seems to confer an LC benefit ( 11 % v 30 % ; P = .06 ) . was no significant effect of local control modality ( surgery , RT or S + RT ) selected by the treating physicians on rates of local failure or EFS . , VACA-IE improves LC ( 11 % ) compared with previously published results for pelvic Ewing sarcoma ."
1017,Abstract #1017,"resection is the best treatment for stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer . an improvement in the perioperative management of cancer patients and specialization of surgical teams , morbidity and mortality remains significant . ventilation ( NIV ) is an effective therapeutic option in hypercapnic respiratory failure . also improves functional and gasometric parameters when undertaken before surgery . objective of the preOVNI study is to demonstrate that preoperative non-invasive ventilation for 7 days , at home , reduces the postoperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications of lung resection surgery , in a high-risk population . prospective , randomized , controlled open-labelled multicentric French study , under the supervision of the Groupe Franais de Pneumocancrologie ( GFPC ) , comparing 7 days of preoperative non-invasive ventilation with standard treatment . criteria are : patients suitable for lobectomy or segmentectomy for primary bronchial carcinoma and presenting with obstructive or restrictive lung disease , obesity or chronic cardiac insufficiency . primary criterion is a composite one , including all respiratory and cardiac complications . number of patients is 150 in each treatment arm , 300 in total . think that preoperative NIV will be able to reduce the rate of postoperative complications . this objective is achieved , the management of these patients could be changed ."
1018,Abstract #1018,"caffeine has been demonstrated to impact substantially on the metabolic response to exercise in healthy young subjects , this issue remains to be addressed in healthy elderly subjects . metabolic response to caffeine ingestion ( 6 mg/kg ) and exercise in healthy elderly citizens at 70 years was examined in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , cross-over study . included 30 subjects attending for driver license renewal at their general practitioner . abstained from caffeinated drinks and food for 48 h and were randomized to receive placebo-caffeine or caffeine-placebo with 1 week between sessions . cycling endurance test at 65 % of the expected maximal heart rate was performed 1 h after intervention . samples were taken before intervention , before cycling , after 5 min of cycling , and at exhaustion . was by intention-to-treat and P < 0.05 was regarded as significant . significantly increased the concentration of plasma epinephrine ( by 42 % , 39 % , and 49 % ) , serum-free fatty acids ( by 53 % , 44 % , and 50 % ) , and plasma lactate ( by 46 % , 36 % , and 48 % ) , and insulin resistance ( homeostasis model assessment-IR ) ( by 21 % , 26 % , and 23 % ) during rest , after 5 min of cycling , and at exhaustion . exhaustion , the concentration plasma norepinephrine was elevated by 29 % . decrease was seen with caffeine treatment in blood potassium after 5 min of cycling and at exhaustion ( by 3 % and 2 % , respectively ) . treatment increased epinephrine , fatty acids , lactate and norepinephrine at different times during test session and led to insulin-resistance . , caffeine ingestion elicits a similar metabolic response in elderly participants at 70 years old to that seen in younger subjects ."
1019,Abstract #1019,"examine the effect of weekly completion of a patient-held quality-of-life ( QOL ) diary in routine oncology practice for palliative care patients . a pragmatic randomized controlled trial , 115 patients with inoperable lung cancer were randomly assigned to receive either standard care or a structured QOL diary ( European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and the related lung cancer module LC13 ) that they completed at home each week for 16 weeks . were encouraged to share the QOL information with health professionals involved in their care . in QOL over time ( measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung questionnaire and the Palliative Care Quality of Life Index ) , discussion of patient problems , and satisfaction with communication and general care were assessed at baseline and at 2 and 4 months after baseline . of QOL indicated a small but consistent difference between patients in the diary group and the standard care group . diary group had a poorer QOL in many domains . different QOL summary scores ( total and overall QOL ) indicated a statistically significant between-group difference . effects were found in relation to satisfaction with care , communication , or the discussion of patient problems . regular completion of a QOL questionnaire without appropriate feedback to health care professionals and without the provision of appropriate support may have a negative impact on inoperable lung cancer patients . research should focus on identifying features such as feedback loops that are required for the successful and meaningful use of QOL questionnaires in routine patient care ."
1020,Abstract #1020,"( Dymista ) , a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride ( AZE ) and fluticasone propionate ( FP ) , is significantly better than first-line therapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis ( SAR ) , and is well tolerated following 52 weeks of continuous use in chronic rhinitis . aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of MP29-02 versus FP in patients with chronic rhinitis . total , 612 chronic rhinitis patients ( perennial allergic rhinitis [ PAR ] , n = 424 ; nonallergic rhinitis , n = 188 ) aged 12 years or older were enrolled into this open-label , parallel-group study and randomized to MP29-02 ( 1 spray/nostril bid ) or FP nasal spray ( 2 sprays/nostril qd ) for 52 weeks . was assessed by change from baseline in PM reflective total nasal symptom score ( rTNSS ) , time to first achieve 100 % PM rTNSS reduction from baseline , and percentage of symptom-free days in the total and PAR populations posthoc . reduced patients ' PM rTNSS from baseline significantly more than FP , from Day 1 up to and including week 28 ( -2.88 vs -2.53 ; P = .0048 ) , with treatment difference maintained for 52 weeks . in significance after week 28 might be explained , at least in part , by decreasing sample size , permitted according to ICH guidelines . Day 1 almost twice as many MP29-02-patients were symptom free . 1 month , 71.1 % of MP29-02 patients experienced 100 % rTNSS reduction ( 60.3 % for FP ) , and did on a median of 9 days faster ( P = .0024 ) . 52 weeks MP29-02 patients experienced 8.4 % more symptom-free days ( P = .0005 ) . results were mirrored in the PAR subpopulation . results confirm MP29-02 's wide therapeutic spectrum and assert its consistent superiority over an intranasal corticosteroid ."
1021,Abstract #1021,"oxide anesthesia increases postoperative homocysteine concentrations . transplantation candidates present with higher homocysteine levels than patients with no renal disease . designed this study to investigate if homocysteine levels are higher in subjects receiving nitrous oxide for renal transplantation compared with subjects undergoing nitrous oxide free anesthesia . from 59 patients scheduled for living-related donor renal transplantation surgery were analyzed in this randomized , controlled , blinded , parallel-group , longitudinal trial . were assigned to receive general anesthesia with ( flowmeter was set at 2 L/min nitrous oxide and 1 L/min oxygen ) or without nitrous oxide ( 2 L/min air and 1 L/min oxygen ) . evaluated levels of total homocysteine and known determinants , including creatinine , folate , vitamin B12 , albumin , and lipids . evaluated factor V and von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) to determine endothelial dysfunction and creatinine kinase myocardial band ( CKMB ) - mass , troponin T to show myocardial ischemia preoperatively in the holding area ( T1 ) , after discontinuation of anesthetic gases ( T2 ) , and 24 hours after induction ( T3 ) . with baseline , homocysteine concentrations significantly decreased both in the nitrous oxide ( 22.3 16.3 vs 11.8 9.9 ; P < .00001 ) and nitrous oxide-free groups ( 21.5 15.3 vs 8.0 5.7 ; P < .0001 ) at postoperative hour 24 . nitrous oxide group had significantly higher mean plasma homocysteine concentrations than the nitrous oxide-free group ( P = .021 ) . actual homocysteine difference between groups was 3.8 mol/L . study shows that homocysteine levels markedly decrease within 24 hours after living-related donor kidney transplantation . receiving nitrous oxide have a lesser reduction , but this finding is unlikely to have a clinical relevance ."
1022,Abstract #1022,"has been suggested that the use of pure-cut electrosurgical current for endoscopic sphincterotomy may reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis . aim of this study was to determine whether pure-cut current reduces the risk of pancreatitis compared with blend current . were randomly assigned to undergo sphincterotomy over a non-conductive guidewire with 30 W/sec pure-cut current or 30 W/sec blend-2 current by a blinded endoscopist . amylase and lipase levels were determined 1 day before and within 24 hours after ERCP . pancreatitis was the primary outcome of interest . outcomes were as follows : severity of immediate bleeding , as graded by a 3-point scale from 1 ( no bleeding ) to 3 ( injection or balloon tamponade therapy required to stop bleeding ) and evidence of delayed bleeding 24 hours after ERCP . were performed in intention-to-treat fashion . total of 246 patients were randomized ( 116 pure-cut current , 130 blend current ) . were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups . overall frequency of post-ERCP pancreatitis was 6.9 % , with no significant difference in frequency between treatment arms ( pure cut , 7.8 % vs. blend , 6.1 % ; p = 0.62 ) . difference in rates of pancreatitis between the two groups was 1.7 % : 95 % CI [ -4.8 % , 8.2 % ] . patients ( 2.4 % ) had delayed bleeding after ERCP , of which two required transfusion . was a significant increase in minor bleeding episodes ( grade 2 ) in the pure-cut group ( p < 0.0001 ) . episodes of bleeding were equal ( n = 3 ) in each arm . type of current used when performing endoscopic sphincterotomy does not appear to alter the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis . selection of electrosurgical current for biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy should be based on endoscopist preference ."
1023,Abstract #1023,"study the effect and mechanism of Tianhuang Granule ( , THG ) on : hydrocephalus in the patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage ( ACH ) through intracranial pressure ( ICP ) monitoring , serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) level observation , and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ( NIHSS ) scoring ( for nerve function de ficit ) . patients with ACH were equally randomized : into two groups by lottery , the control group and the THG group ; all were treated with conventional therapy , but to the patients in the THG group , THG was given orally in addition for 28 days . of ICP , MMP-9 expression , and NIHSS scores , as well as the degree of cerebral hematoma and hydrocephalus ( by cranial CT scanning ) in the patients , were estimated and compared . 1 ) ICP was lowered more significantly in the : THG group , showing a significant difference between groups on day 7 ( P < 0.05 ) . 2 ) MMP-9 expression was down-regulated in the THG group more significantly and earlier than that in the control group . 3 ) The degrees of cerebral hematoma and hydrocephalus in the THG group on day 7 were reduced significantly as compared with those on day 3 ( P < 0.05 ) , but in the control group , the day of significant reduction was delayed to day 14 , and the degrees on day 7 and day 14 in the two groups were significantly different ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 ) . 4 ) NIHSS score was significantly lower in the THG group than that in the control group on day 14 and day 28 ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 ) . can effectively lower ICP , down-regulate MMP-9 expression , promote the absorption : of cerebral hematoma and hydrocephalus , and improve the nerve function , showing a clinical effectiveness than conventional therapy ."
1024,Abstract #1024,"has been used to facilitate tracheal intubation within a short time of sevoflurane induction without a muscle relaxant in children . compared as the primary outcome the incidence of excellent intubating conditions after 8 % sevoflurane and propofol 1 or 2 mg/kg . hundred and four patients ( 2-7 years ) were randomly assigned to receive propofol 1 mg/kg in group SP1 ( n = 53 ) or propofol 2 mg/kg in group SP2 ( n = 51 ) after inhalation induction using sevoflurane 8 % in oxygen . seconds after propofol and controlled ventilation , intubating conditions were assessed using a four-point scoring system based on ease of laryngoscopy , vocal cords position , coughing , jaw relaxation and limb movement . rate and systolic blood pressure were measured as baseline , after sevoflurane induction , propofol , intubation and at 2 and 5 min following intubation . patients in group SP1 were excluded from analysis . from sevoflurane induction to intubation ( 248.971.3 s in group SP1 vs. 230.961.3 s in group SP2 ) and endtidal sevoflurane before intubation ( 5.61.6 % in group SP1 vs. 5.21.5 % in group SP2 ) did not differ between the two groups . incidence of excellent intubating conditions was significantly higher in group SP2 compared with group SP1 [ 47/51 ( 92 % ) vs. 28/50 ( 56 % ) ] . incidence of acceptable intubating conditions was significantly higher in group SP2 compared with group SP1 [ 48/51 ( 94 % ) vs. 35/50 ( 70 % ) ] . hemodynamic difference was noted at any time point between the two groups . 2 mg/kg during 8 % sevoflurane induction resulted in a higher proportion of excellent intubating conditions compared with propofol 1 mg/kg ."
1025,Abstract #1025,"is evidence that patients with schizophrenia benefit from standard cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) only if active techniques are used ( ` full therapy ' ) . contrast , attending sessions but not proceeding beyond engagement and assessment strategies ( ` partial therapy ' ) , or simply not attending sessions ( ` no therapy ' ) , is not associated with better outcomes . factors leading to full therapy are unknown . hypothesized that patients ' initial ideas about the nature and extent of their problems would predict use of CBT . match between patients ' views of their problems and the principles underlying treatment would lead to better outcomes . patients with a recent relapse of psychosis completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire ( IPQ ) before receiving CBT . examined whether their illness perceptions predicted the take-up of therapy . who did not attend sessions believed their problems would not last as long as those who attended them . who attended sessions but did not proceed to full therapy had a lower sense of control over their problems and a more biological view of their causes . who took up full therapy were more likely to attribute the cause of their problems to their personality and state of mind . take-up of therapy was predicted neither by levels of psychiatric symptoms nor by insight . with psychosis who have psychologically orientated views of their problems , including the potential to gain control over them , may be more likely to engage fully and do well with standard CBT for psychosis , irrespective of the severity of their problems ."
1026,Abstract #1026,"to oxidized low-density lipoproteins ( oxLDLAbs ) are detectable in the serum of patients with and without atherosclerosis , but it is unclear if they play a pathogenic or a protective role in atherogenesis or if they are simply a marker of atherosclerosis . , in a prospective cohort study we investigated if oxLDLAbs titer predicts cardiovascular ( CV ) events in high-risk coronary artery disease patients . titer of IgG antibodies to malondialdehyde modified oxidized low-density lipoproteins was measured in 748 randomly selected patients of the GENICA study who underwent coronary angiography and assessment of incident CV events at follow-up . were classified by oxLDLAbs into a low and a high titer group , corresponding to the first three and the last quartile , respectively . event-free survival was compared between oxLDLAbs groups by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate technique including propensity score matching analysis . long-term follow-up ( median 7.2 years ) CV deaths were observed in 65 patients ( 11.6 % ) , more commonly in the high than in the low oxLDLAbs group ( patients free from CV death 83.1 % vs. 89 % respectively , p = 0.025 ) . incidence of CV events was also higher in the former than in latter ( event-free survival 69.2 % vs. 77.7 % respectively , p = 0.030 ) . oxLDLAbs titer above the 75th percentile is a marker of LDL oxidation which predicts a worse CV prognosis at long term follow-up in high-risk Caucasian patients referred for coronary angiography ."
1027,Abstract #1027,"examine the socio-demographic and service-related determinants of utilisation of postpartum services . were used from a single-blind , randomised controlled trial aimed at changing women 's knowledge , attitude and behaviour regarding certain postpartum health issues by providing written information via a specially prepared booklet . private hospitals , two in Beirut and two in the Bekaa region , were selected . were privately owned and one in Beirut was a teaching hospital . women delivering a live birth in the designated hospitals during a three - to four-month period were recruited into the study . the 503 eligible women , 450 agreed to complete the initial questionnaire and 378 completed the postpartum interviews . trained female interviewers collected the baseline data . discharge , interviewers handed each woman a sealed and numbered envelope containing the intervention booklet or the placebo leaflets . were blind about the allocation group of women . conducted follow up assessment at women 's residence 6-20 weeks after delivery . postpartum visit with or without a preset appointment . analysis with adjusted ORs show that women given an appointment for their postpartum visit were more likely to having had that visit ( OR = 6.8 , 95 % CI 6.2-7 .4 ) . the absence of such an appointment , university education ( OR = 3.6 , 95 % CI 2.6-4 .7 ) , information on maternal health ( OR = 4.9 , 95 % CI 4.0-5 .8 ) and the intervention booklet ( OR = 2.9 , 95 % CI 2.0-3 .9 ) were important determinants of a postpartum visit . women appointments for postpartum visits , or written or verbal information on maternal health can increase their use of health services ."
1028,Abstract #1028,"men with diabetes often report erectile dysfunction ( ED ) , but few studies have examined effects of weight loss on this problem . study examined 1-year changes in erectile function ( EF ) in overweight/obese men with type 2 diabetes participating in the Look AHEAD ( Action for Health in Diabetes ) trial . in Look AHEAD were randomly assigned to a control condition involving diabetes support and education ( DSE ) or to intensive lifestyle intervention ( ILI ) involving group and individual sessions to reduce weight and increase physical activity . from five of the clinical sites in Look AHEAD completed the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) at baseline ( N = 372 ) and at 1 year ( N = 306 ) ( 82 % ) . in EF as reported on the EF subscale of the IIEF . 1 year , the ILI group lost a greater percent of initial body weight ( 9.9 % vs. 0.6 % ) and had greater improvements in fitness ( 22.7 % vs. 4.6 % ) than DSE . improved more in ILI ( 17.3 + / - 7.6 at baseline ; 18.6 + / - 8.1 at 1 year ) than in DSE ( 18.3 + / - 7.6 at baseline ; 18.4 + / - 8.0 at 1 year ) ; P = 0.04 and P = 0.06 after adjusting for baseline differences . established norms for none ( i.e. , normal EF ) , and three grades ( i.e. , mild , moderate , and severe ) ED , 8 % of men in ILI reported a worsening of EF from baseline to 1 year , 70 % stayed in the same category , and 22 % reported improvements . contrast , 20 % of DSE reported worsening , 57 % stayed in the same category , and 23 % improved ( P = 0.006 ) . this sample of older overweight/obese diabetic men , weight loss intervention was mildly helpful in maintaining EF ."
1029,Abstract #1029,"preemptive analgesia has been shown to decrease postinjury pain in animals , studies in humans have provided controversial results . authors studied whether surgical epidural anesthesia with local anesthetics could affect postoperative pain and analgesic demands , when compared with general anesthesia . patients scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy were randomly assigned to receive epidural anesthesia only ( EA , n = 34 ) , combined epidural and general anesthesia ( EG , n = 32 ) , or general anesthesia only ( GA , n = 30 ) . lumbar epidural catheter was inserted and tested in all patients . the EA group , an induction dose of 0.25 ml/kg epidural bupivacaine ( 0.5 % ) was followed during surgery by a continuous infusion of 0.1 ml.kg-1 . 0.125 % bupivacaine . the EG group , 0.2 ml/kg epidural bupivacaine ( 0.5 % ) was injected after induction of general anesthesia but before surgery , followed by epidural infusion of 0.1 ml.kg-1 . 0.125 % bupivacaine . the GA group , anesthesia was maintained with morphine , isoflurane , and N2O . patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) was provided with bupivacaine and fentanyl for all patients in the postoperative period . pain scores and analgesic requirements were examined and compared between groups every 4-8 h for 3-5 postoperative days . , EA patients received significantly more epidural bupivacaine than EG patients ( 129 + / - 6 mg vs. 98 + / - 6 mg , respectively . room median residual sensory level in EA patients ( T6 + / - 2 ) was significantly higher than in EG patients ( T10 + / - 2 ) . demand was greater in the GA and EG groups when compared with the EA group in postoperative days 2 ( 126 + / - 9 ml , 112 + / - 9 ml , 90 + / - 6 ml , respectively ; P = 0.01 ) and 3 ( 89 + / - 10 ml , 83 + / - 9 ml , 48 + / - 5 respectively ; P = 0.005 ) . was no difference in PCA demand between the GA and EG groups in the postoperative period . significant clinical differences in postoperative mean pain scores were recorded in the first 5 days after surgery in the three anesthetic groups ( range 0-2/10 ) . patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery , the neuraxial blockade and surgical anesthesia achieved by epidural local anesthetics was associated with decreased postoperative analgesic demands . postoperative analgesic requirements in the EA group , when compared with both the EG and GA groups , indicate that : ( 1 ) EA patients had less postoperative pain , and ( 2 ) an efficient intraoperative blockade of noxious afferent signals to the central nervous system is fundamental in reducing postoperative pain ."
1030,Abstract #1030,"evaluate the impact of statin use on the incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) and its components , choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) and geographic atrophy ( GA ) , among patients with bilateral large drusen . study within a multicenter , randomized , clinical trial . enrolled in the Complications of Age-related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial ( CAPT ) . criteria for the clinical trial required that participants have > or = 10 large ( > 125 microm ) drusen and visual acuity > or = 20/40 in each eye . scheduled for their final CAPT visit after May 2005 were interviewed on their history of use of cholesterol-lowering medications , including statins . readers identified CNV and end point GA ( > 1 Macular Photocoagulation Study disc area of GA ) based on review of fluorescein angiograms and fundus photographs taken at annual follow-up visits and when patients reported symptoms . risk ratio for participants developing CNV or developing GA associated with statin use was estimated with time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models . of advanced AMD , CNV , and end point GA. . 764 patients eligible for the interview , 744 ( 97.4 % ) patients completed the interview on medication use . use was reported by 296 ( 39.8 % ) of those interviewed , with the majority , 187 ( 63.2 % ) of the 296 , beginning use after enrollment in CAPT. Among 744 patients , advanced AMD developed in 332 ( 22.5 % ) eyes of 242 ( 32.5 % ) patients , CNV in 222 ( 15 % ) eyes of 176 ( 23.7 % ) patients , and GA in 114 ( 7.7 % ) eyes of 80 ( 10.8 % ) patients . adjustment for other risk factors , the estimated risk ratio for eyes ( 95 % confidence interval ) associated with statin use was 1.15 ( 0.87-1 .52 ) for advanced AMD , 1.35 ( 0.99-1 .83 ) for CNV , and 0.80 ( 0.46-1 .39 ) for GA. . CAPT data are not consistent with a strong protective effect ( risk ratio , < or = 0.85 ) of statins on the development of advanced AMD among patients with bilateral large drusen ."
1031,Abstract #1031,"determine the effect of an education program and/or pill count on the change in hemoglobin levels and the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women . randomized , factorial design controlled trial was conducted at the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital , Nepal . total of 320 eligible pregnant women receiving prenatal care were randomized into four groups ( control , education , pill count and education with pill count ) by block randomization with allocation concealment . recruited women received conventional routine prenatal care with a daily dose of 60 mg iron supplementation . addition , the education group received an education program . counting was done for the pill count group at their routine prenatal visits . education with pill count group received both the education program plus pill counting . hemoglobin at the recruitment phase and follow-up hemoglobin after three months of recruitment were measured . in hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence were analyzed and compared between groups . education only and education with pill count groups had significantly higher hemoglobin changes ( 0.23 and 0.26 g/dL , respectively ) than the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . was reduced by 59 % in the education group and by 65 % in the education with pill count group , compared to the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . count alone significantly improved neither the hemoglobin level nor anemia prevalence compared to the control group . education program along with routine iron supplementation can improve hemoglobin levels and reduce anemia prevalence in pregnant women . count as a measure of compliance has no additional effect on improving hemoglobin status ."
1032,Abstract #1032,"preconditioning ( IPC ) and anesthetic preconditioning ( APC ) have been reported to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion ( IR ) injury after liver resection under continuous inflow occlusion . study evaluates whether these strategies enhance hepatic protection of remnant liver against IR after liver resection with intermittent clamping ( INT ) . total of 106 patients without underlying liver disease and submitted to liver resection using INT were randomized into 3 groups : IPC ( 10 minutes of inflow occlusion followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion before liver transection ) , APC ( sevoflurane administration for 20 minutes before liver transection ) , and INT ( no preconditioning ) . were also stratified according to the extent of the hepatectomy . was evaluated by comparing hepatocyte and endothelial dysfunction markers , apoptosis , histologic lesions , and postoperative outcome . differences were observed in preoperative chemotherapy and steatosis , total warm ischemia time , operative time , or blood loss . of transaminases ( aspartate aminotransferase , P = .137 ; alanine aminotransferase , P = .616 ) , bilirubin ( P = .980 ) , and hyaluronic acid increase ( P = .514 ) revealed no differences . apoptosis was present in 40 % of patients , mild-to-moderate leukocyte infiltration and steatosis in 45 % and 55 % , respectively , and mild sinusoidal congestion in 65 % , with a similar distribution in the 3 groups . patients were stratified by major versus minor resections , no differences were observed in any of the variables studied . clinical outcomes were also similar . results suggest that these protocols of IPC and APC used in this study do not provide better cytoprotection from IR when INT is used ."
1033,Abstract #1033,"patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) receive the same dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors because there is currently no measure of treatment efficacy . sought to determine whether titration of vasodilator therapy according to plasma brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) concentration may be of value in the individual optimization of vasodilator therapy in CHF . patients with mild to moderate CHF receiving stable conventional therapy including an ACE inhibitor were randomly assigned to titration of ACE inhibitor dosage according to serial measurement of plasma BNP concentration ( BNP group ) or optimal empirical ACE inhibitor therapy ( clinical group ) for 8 weeks . the BNP-driven approach was associated with significant reductions in plasma BNP concentration throughout the duration of the study and a significantly greater suppression when compared with empiric therapy after 4 weeks [ -42.1 % ( -58.2 , -19.7 ) vs -12.0 % ( -31.8 , 13.8 ) , P = .03 ] . treatment strategies were well tolerated and associated with favorable neurohormonal and hemodynamic effects ; however , in comparison between groups , mean heart rate fell ( P = .02 ) and plasma renin activity rose ( P = .03 ) in the BNP group when compared with the clinical group . BNP concentration may be chronically reduced by tailored vasodilator therapy in CHF . , titration of vasodilator therapy according to plasma BNP was associated with more profound inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and significant fall in heart rate when compared with empiric therapy ."
1034,Abstract #1034,"secondary analysis of the Dialysis Clinical Outcomes Revisited ( DCOR ) trial suggested that sevelamer reduced hospitalizations relative to calcium-based phosphate binders . , whether changed medical costs associated with reduced hospitalizations or other medical services offset the higher cost of sevelamer is unclear . DCOR secondary analysis aimed to ( 1 ) evaluate Medicare total , inpatient , outpatient , skilled nursing facility , and other costs in sevelamer-treated versus calcium-treated patients ; ( 2 ) examine Medicare costs in specific categories to determine cost drivers ; and ( 3 ) estimate and incorporate sevelamer and calcium binder costs . trial participants were linked to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ESRD database . costs for 1895 dosed Medicare-primary-payer participants were evaluated . binder costs were incorporated . were indexed to 2001 ( study base year ) . analyses were performed with randomized participants , two follow-up periods , and 2004 as index year . Medicare per member per month ( PMPM ) costs were lower for sevelamer-treated than for calcium-treated participants by a mean differential of $ 199 PMPM ( mean , $ 5236 versus $ 5435 ; median , $ 4653 versus $ 4933 ) , mainly because of lower inpatient costs for the sevelamer group ( mean , $ 1461 versus $ 1644 ; median , $ 909 versus $ 1144 ) . , after phosphate binder costs were incorporated , costs trended lower for calcium-treated than for sevelamer-treated patients ( differential - $ 81 , 95 % confidence interval - $ 321 to $ 157 PMPM , using average wholesale price ; - $ 25 , - $ 256 to $ 213 PMPM , using wholesale acquisition cost ) . reduced inpatient Medicare costs compared with calcium binders . , when binder costs were added , overall PMPM costs favored calcium-treated over sevelamer-treated participants ."
1035,Abstract #1035,"the extent of the systemic effects of a new beta 2 agonist relative to an established drug is important for the prediction and interpretation of side effects . recent study in which the effect of cumulative doses of salbutamol was compared with single doses of salmetreol suggested that , weight for weight , salmeterol may be up to 10 times more potent than salbutamol . current study was designed to investigate further the dose equivalence of salmeterol and salbutamol . patients with mild asthma inhaled cumulative doses of placebo , salmeterol 25 , 50 , 100 , and 200 micrograms , and salbutamol 100 , 500 , 1000 , and 1000 micrograms on separate days at hourly intervals in a randomised double blind crossover study . in forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) , heart rate , plasma potassium concentration , systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured . equivalence was determined as the dose ratio of salmeterol to salbutamol for the 50 % maximum response to salbutamol . important changes occurred in any measurements following placebo . and salbutamol caused a near maximum increase in FEV1 following the first dose so the dose equivalence for the airway effects could not be estimated . rate increased and plasma potassium concentration and diastolic blood pressure decreased in a dose dependent manner following salmeterol and salbutamol , with median dose equivalences for salmeterol compared with salbutamol of 17.7 , 7.8 , and 7.6 , respectively . results confirm that the systemic activity of salmeterol compared with salbutamol is higher than would be expected from in vitro data , particularly for heart rate . this is because of the relatively high dose of salmeterol used or pharmacokinetic differences between the two drugs is uncertain ."
1036,Abstract #1036,"assess the effect of lamb consumption ( Protected Geographical Indication ( PGI ) , Ternasco de Aragn ) on health indicators including body composition and cardiovascular risk indicators of healthy young Spanish students living in the area of Aragn , Spain . randomized-controlled and cross-over trial ( two periods of 8 weeks duration ) assessing changes on body composition ( body mass index and skinfold thicknesses ) and cardiovascular risk indicators of 50 participants randomly assigned to follow a normocaloric diet with lamb ( Ternasco de Aragn ) or chicken . composition and serum cardiovascular risk profiles were measured both at baseline and follow-up . men ( n = 22 ) and women ( n = 28 ) , aged 19.43 0.85 years were studied . skinfold thickness and waist circumference significantly decreased ( p < 0.05 ) in the lamb-consumption group compared to the chicken based diet group . significant changes were observed in the rest of the variables in either group . and insulin serum concentrations significantly decreased ( p < 0.05 ) in the lamb-consumption group compared to the chicken based diet group . results suggest that regular consumption of lamb ( Ternasco de Aragn ) can be integrated into a healthy , varied and well-balanced diet , as body composition and cardiovascular risk profile changes are similar or even healthier to those observed following chickenconsumption ."
1037,Abstract #1037,"are phycotoxins , whose molecular mechanism of action is a reversible block of the voltage-gated sodium channels at axonal level , impeding nerve impulse propagation . evaluate clinical efficacy of gonyautoxin in the treatment of patients with chronic tensional-type headache . trial from September 2004 to 2005 in Hospital Clnico Universidad de Chile . patients with chronic tension-type headache were locally infiltrated with gonyautoxins ( 50 micrograms ) in ten sites considered as pain trigger points in a fixed infiltration protocol . each site , a volume of 200 microlitres was injected . recording was performed before and immediately after infiltrations . outcome measures are where a significantly drop-off in acute headache pain score occurs and number of days without headache pain . side effects were detected in the follow-up period . base line of 2 weeks , 19 patients of 27 ( 70 % ) are the successfully responders to the treatment . showed the remarkable immediate effect after infiltration demonstrated by trapezium EMG recording . reported a fall in pain score 5 minutes post-injection from 5.0 + / - 2.8 to 1.6 + / - 1.6 ( mean + / - SD ) . responder showed an average of 8.1 + / - 9.9 weeks of headache pain-free , all of them without a second infiltration or use of any additional analgesic medication . therapeutic properties of gonyautoxin local infiltration in chronic tension-type headache patients are shown to be safe and effective . report describes a new therapy for chronic tension-type headache involving local infiltrations of gonyautoxins . immediate headache pain relief effect shown only minutes after toxin infiltrations were the most remarkable feature of this protocol . is the first gonyautoxins testing report in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache ."
1038,Abstract #1038,determine if sildenafil improves endometrial thickness better than vaginal estradiol ( E2 ) in women with a history of thin endometria . failing to attain an 8 mm endometrial thickness on either the oocyte retrieval cycle or their first frozen embryo transfer ( ET ) despite an oral graduated E2 regimen were treated again with graduated oral E2 and were also randomly assigned to vaginal sildenafil or vaginal E2 therapy . thickness was compared between the groups . vaginal E2 nor sildenafil significantly improved endometrial thickness or blood flow in the subsequent frozen ET-cycle . data fail to corroborate previous claims that 25 mg sildenafil four times daily intravaginally can improve endometrial thickness .
1039,Abstract #1039,"aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet alone , and in association with metformin in monotherapy or in cotreatment with myoinositol ( MYO ) on menstrual irregularities , hirsutism , body weight and composition in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . PCOS overweight/obese patients were randomly treated : nine with only diet ( D ) ; nine with diet and metformin 1000 mg/day continuously ( D+M ) ; nine with diet , metformin 500 mg/day and MYO 4 g/day plus 400 g folic acid daily , continuously ( D+M+I ) . cycle , Ferriman-Gallwey score , body mass index ( BMI ) , waist hip rate ( WHR ) , body composition by BIA 101 of AKERN SRL , were measured on basal condition and at 3 months . of menstrual cycle was restored in a significantly number of patients of group D+M+I ( P < 0.05 ) ; Ferriman score was significantly improved by weight loss ( P < 0.05 ) . weight , BMI , waist and hip circumferences decreased significantly in all groups without WHR modification ; body weight loss significantly depended on adding metformin to diet . mass ( FM ) kg and % was significantly reduced in groups D and D+M+I ; fat free mass ( FFM ) kg was slightly reduced by diet ( P < 0.05 ) and correlated with Ferriman score . weight loss in obese PCOS patients improves symptoms and body composition ; weight loss was dependent on adding metformin to diet ; MYO was more effective in restoring regularity of menstrual cycle . investigation occurs to confirm metformin and MYO rule on body composition improvement , specially regarding FFM that is likewise FM correlated to cardiovascular risk ."
1040,Abstract #1040,"antiretroviral drug classes provide opportunities to explore novel regimens . + adults ( < 50 copies/mL ) receiving atazanavir ( ATV ) were randomized to raltegravir ( RAL ) 400 mg + ATV 300 mg twice daily ( q12h ) for 4 weeks followed by RAL 800 mg + ATV/ritonavir 300/100 mg once daily ( q24h ) for 4 weeks or vice versa . assays quantitated RAL and ATV plasma concentrations . endpoint was geometric mean ratio ( GMR ) of ATV minimum concentration ( Cmin ) for q24h/q12h . was 90 % confidence interval ( CI ) of GMR lying between 0.80 and 1.25 . could consent to a total 48-week follow-up . men , mean age 45 ( range , 35-57 ) years , were evaluated . and RAL demonstrated considerable pharmacokinetic variability . was no period or sequence effect for pharmacokinetic parameters ( P > 0.1 all measures ) . percent CIs of ATV GMR C ( min ) [ 1.30 ( 90 % CI : 1.08 to 1.58 ) ] and RAL GMR C ( min ) [ 0.48 ( 90 % CI : 0.31 to 0.75 ) ] demonstrated nonequivalence . percent consented to follow-up . were no serious adverse events and no discontinuations due to adverse events over 48 weeks ; HIV RNA remained undetectable . virologically suppressed adults , regimens comprising ATV plus RAL were efficacious and safe . q12h troughs were lower than ritonavir-boosted atazanavir q24h ; RAL q24h troughs were lower than q12h ."
1041,Abstract #1041,"determine if there is any significant difference between the effects of desflurane , isoflurane and sevoflurane on the QT interval , QT dispersion , heart rate corrected QT interval and QTc dispersion of the electrocardiogram . study was conducted in a prospective , double blind and randomized manner in a teaching hospital . ASA I patients , aged 16-50 yr , undergoing general anaesthesia for noncardiac surgery were studied . was no significant change in QT intervals during the study in any group ( P > 0.05 ) . dispersion in the sevoflurane group 49 + / -14 ms vs. 37 + / -10 ms ; in the desflurane group 55 + / -16 and 62 + / -21 ms vs. 35 + / -14 ms and in the isoflurane group 54 + / -26 and 59 + / -24 ms vs. 42 + / -19 ms were significantly increased at 3 and 10 min after 1 MAC of steady end-tidal anaesthetic concentration compared with baseline values ( P < 0.05 ) . values in the sevoflurane group were 444 + / -24 and 435 + / -2 1ms vs. 413 + / -19 ms ( P < 0.05 ) , in the isoflurane group were 450 + / -26 and 455 + / -34 ms vs. 416 + / -34 ms ( P < 0.05 ) , in the desflurane group were 450 + / -26 and 455 + / -34 ms vs. 416 + / -34 ms ( P < 0.05 ) at 3 and 10 min after reaching 1 MAC of anaesthetic concentration and significantly increased compared with baseline values . dispersion increased significantly with sevoflurane 62 + / -14 ms vs. 45 + / -16 ms ( P < 0.05 ) ; isoflurane 70 + / -36 ms at 3 min and 75 + / -36 ms at 10 min after reaching 1 MAC of anaesthetic concentration vs. 50 + / -24 ms ( P < 0.05 ) ; desflurane 67 + / -25 ms at 3 min and 74 + / -27 ms at 10 min after 1 MAC concentration vs. 41 + / -22 ms ( P < 0.05 ) . , isoflurane and desflurane all prolonged QTd , QTc and QTcd but there were no significant intergroup differences ."
1042,Abstract #1042,"evaluate the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of adalimumab in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis ( PsA ) . with PsA who completed a 24-week , double-blind study of adalimumab versus placebo were eligible to enroll in an open-label extension study and receive adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneously every other week for up to an additional 120 weeks . the time of this analysis , available efficacy evaluations throughout 2 years of treatment ( n = 245 ) included American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) 20 % , 50 % and 70 % improvement scores , measures of joint disease and skin disease , disability and quality of life ; modified total Sharp scores ( mTSS ) were available for 2.75 years of treatment for patients who received adalimumab in the 24-week study . 24 weeks of double-blind treatment , the mean change in mTSS was -0.2 for the adalimumab group ( N = 144 ) and 1.0 for the placebo group ( N = 152 ; p < 0.001 ) , and outcomes for all individual ACR component variables were significantly improved in adalimumab compared with placebo-treated patients . with 24-week responses , inhibition of radiographic progression and improvements in joint disease were maintained in most patients during long-term , open-label adalimumab treatment . , improvements in skin disease were maintained , with > 20 % of patients achieving the strict criterion of psoriasis area and severity index 100 . nature and frequency of adverse events during long-term adalimumab treatment were consistent with the safety profile during short-term treatment . clinical and radiographic efficacy of adalimumab demonstrated during short-term treatment was sustained during long-term treatment . has a favourable risk-benefit profile in patients with PsA . ."
1043,Abstract #1043,"determine whether a graded exercise program used in the treatment of anorexia nervosa improves quality of life and does not decrease the rate of gain of body fat . randomized controlled trial with outcome measures : change in percent body fat , body mass index ( BMI ) , and Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36-item Quality of Life questionnaire . females and one male meeting the DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa were randomized . was no difference in change in BMI or percent body fat at 3 months . of life outcomes improved from baseline in the experimental group compared with the control group . , this difference was not statistically significant . of a graded exercise program may increase compliance with treatment , but it did not reduce the short-term rate of gain of body fat or BMI . studies with more subjects are necessary to determine the usefulness of a graded exercise program in anorexia nervosa ."
1044,Abstract #1044,"events ( ADEs ) decreased in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy but still lead to hospitalizations and deaths . factors related to ADEs is important to mitigate events . examined the relationship between demographics , behaviors , comorbidities , laboratory , clinical measurements , and ADEs diagnosed among subjects randomized to antiretroviral treatments ( ART ) / strategies and followed prospectively . regression models using generalized estimating equations generated odds ratios ( ORs ) focusing on the relationship between current CD4 T-cell count ( CD4 ) / HIV-1 RNA viral load ( VL ) and ADEs in the subsequent 16-week study period . the 2948 subjects in the analysis , overall incidence of ADEs was 1.53 per 100 person-years . regression models adjusted for demographics , body mass index , and ADE history . 6-level time-varying variable examined VL ( > 100,000 copies/mL , < or = 100,000 ) at CD4 levels ( 0-50 , 51-200 , > 200 cells/microL ) ; reference level was CD4 > 200/VL < or = 100,000 . ART naives , odds of having an ADE in the subsequent 16-week interval were greater among subjects with lower CD4 counts ; this relationship was modified by VL level ( CD4 < or = 50/VL > 100,000 : OR 37.2 ; CD4 < or = 50/VL < or = 100,000 : OR 30.5 ; CD4 51-200 / VL > 100,000 : OR 13.0 ; CD4 51-200 / VL < or = 100,000 : OR 4.5 ; all P values < 0.001 ) . results were seen among ART-experienced subjects . CD4 and VL values are closely associated with development of ADEs even after examining a multitude of potential factors ."
1045,Abstract #1045,"evaluate clinical and MRI effects of natural interferon beta treatment in both relapsing-remitting ( RR ) and secondary-progressive ( SP ) multiple sclerosis patients . double-blind , randomized trial of natural interferon beta ( nIFN-beta ) in 58 ambulatory patients with RR and 40 with SP multiple sclerosis . patients ( 29 RR and 20 SP ) were treated with intramuscular nIFN-beta6 MIU three times a week for 24 months and 49 control patients were treated with placebo . clinical endpoints were differences in exacerbation rates and proportion of patients remaining exacerbation-free . were no significant baseline differences between the treated and placebo groups . the treated RR group a significant reduction in exacerbation rate , an increase in the probability of remaining exacerbation-free , and an improvement in mean EDSS were found at 24 months . activity and total lesion burden were significantly reduced in treated RR patients . the SP group , nIFN-beta produced a significant reduction in EDSS score , a significant reduction in active lesion number , a marginally significant favourable difference in total lesion burden but no significant effect on the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions . effects were transient and mild in treated patients . observations confirm that nIFN-beta is a promising and well-tolerated treatment for either RR or SP MS patients ."
1046,Abstract #1046,"stress is believed to have a role in contrast-induced nephropathy . on this assumption , several known antioxidants have been studied to assess their effect on nephropathy , especially N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) . , its usefulness has yet to be confirmed . aimed to assess whether NAC has any protective effect on contrast-induced renal dysfunction , and whether NAC affects the parameters of oxidative stress in serum and urine . patients with coronary artery disease , who presented for an elective percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) , were randomized into 2 groups in an age - and gender-matched fashion : one group received 600 mg intravenous NAC and the other did not . and 24 hours after the procedure , blood and urine samples were obtained to assess total oxidant capacity ( TOC ) , total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) , oxidative stress index ( OSI ) , and renal function . hours after PCI , TOC and OSI levels were significantly increased and TAC levels significantly decreased , both in serum and urine . , we did not observe any differences in oxidative parameters between patients who received NAC and those who did not . analyses identified no protective effect of NAC on renal function , and no effect on oxidative parameters in either serum or urine . this first clinical study that determined TOC and TAC levels in both serum and urine after exposure to contrast media , NAC was not found to affect oxidant parameters or protect against contrast nephropathy , at least in patients without the risk factors for nephropathy , such as diabetes mellitus or baseline renal or cardiac dysfunction ."
1047,Abstract #1047,"and single case reports have suggested that the high-intensity sweetener , aspartame , may be associated with allergic/hypersensitivity-type reactions . conducted a multicenter , placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate individuals who had experienced urticaria and/or angioedema allegedly associated with ingestion of an aspartame-containing product . extensive recruiting efforts over 4 years , only 21 subjects could be enrolled . admission to clinical research units , subjects were given aspartame and placebo in a randomized , double-blind , crossover fashion . received , on different days , increasing doses ( 50 , 300 , 600 mg ) of aspartame and placebo at 8:00 AM , 10:00 AM , and noon . who weighed less than 40 kg received one half of these doses . products of aspartame , aspartyl-phenylalanine diketopiperazine and beta-aspartame , were also included in the aspartame arm of the study . reactions were defined as urticaria ( hives with wheals 4 mm or more in diameter with a collective diameter of at least 15 mm or one or more hives with a wheal of 4 mm or greater with a flare of 8 mm or greater ) or as angioedema . to these criteria , four reactions were observed ; two followed aspartame ingestion and two followed placebo ingestion ( p = 1.00 ) . incidence of other adverse experiences was no different after aspartame versus placebo ingestion ( p = 0.289 ) . results indicate that aspartame and its conversion products are no more likely than placebo to cause urticaria and/or angioedema reactions in subjects with a history consistent with hypersensitivity to aspartame ."
1048,Abstract #1048,"test the hypothesis that balance rehabilitation with visual cue deprivation improves balance more effectively than rehabilitation with free vision . , randomized controlled trial . rehabilitation center in France . patients with hemiplegia after a single-hemisphere stroke that occurred at least 12 months before the study . were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 balance rehabilitation programs-with and without visual cue deprivation . all other respects , the programs were identical . lasted for 1 hour and was implemented 5 days a week for 4 weeks . patients completed the program . outcome measures Balance under 6 sensory conditions was assessed by computerized dynamic posturography ( EquiTest ) , gait velocity , timed stair climbing , and self-assessment of ease of gait before and after program completion . completing the program , balance , gait velocity , and self-assessment of gait improved significantly in all patients . improvements in gait velocity ( P = .03 ) and timed stair climbing ( P = .01 ) correlated significantly with improved balance . improved more in the vision-deprived group than in the free-vision group . improved more after rehabilitation with visual deprivation than with free vision . overuse may be a compensatory strategy for coping with initial imbalance exacerbated by traditional rehabilitation ."
1049,Abstract #1049,"investigate the effect of a six-month teacher-led osteogenic physical activity program , vs. a self-led activity program , on ultrasound measurements of bone in inactive teenage girls . sedentary girls [ mean ( SD ) age 16.3 ( .6 ) years ] were identified from 300 assessed for physical activity across five schools in southeast Ireland . were matched and randomly assigned to a teacher-led physical activity ( TLPA ) program , a self-led physical activity ( SLPA ) program , or a control group . ultrasound attenuation ( BUA ) , speed of sound ( SOS ) , and os calcis stiffness index ( OCSI ) were measured using a portable ultrasound machine . , aerobic fitness , calcium intake , and physical activity were assessed , and focus groups held one month after program completion . statistics , paired t-tests , and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data . intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements ( p < .05 ) in BUA , SOS , OCSI and aerobic fitness , i.e. , TLPA : +14.9 % , +21.9 % , + 15.9 % , and +8.5 % , respectively , and SLPA : +10.6 % , +30.3 % , + 15.6 % , and +5.1 % , respectively , with no change in controls . between intervention groups and controls were significant for BUA and OCSI ( p < .05 ) . and SLPA groups engaged in an average of 4.5 and 3.4 hours/week of physical activity , respectively , over the intervention period . SLPA group continued to exercise after the intervention had ceased , whereas the TLPA group did not . inactive teenage girls can adhere to an osteogenic activity program whether supervised or directing their own activity . , sustainable initiatives with this age group are needed and might focus on developing personal skills for physical activity ."
1050,Abstract #1050,"studies have shown that a high calcium intake is related to lower body weight , fat , and serum lipids in obese individuals . , clinical studies have shown inconclusive results . present study was conducted to determine if dairy or calcium supplementation alters body composition or serum lipids in Puerto Rican obese adults without dietary energy restriction or exercise . 21-wk randomized clinical trial was conducted in 30 obese adults , aged 21-50 y , with usual calcium intakes < 700 mg/d . were randomly assigned to the following : high dairy ( 1300 mg/d of calcium from dairy products by substituting foods ) ; high calcium ( 1300 mg/d of calcium ; 700 mg/d from diet and 600 mg/d from a supplement ) ; or placebo . were asked to continue their established dietary intake ( except for the high dairy group ) and their physical activity during the study . weight was measured monthly ; body fat , bone , and serum lipids ( total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein , low-density lipoprotein , and triacylglycerol ) were measured at baseline and at 21 wk . differences in study endpoints among the groups were assessed using ANOVA and post-hoc analysis . mean calcium intake was 1200 370 ( median 1187 ) mg/d in the high dairy group , 1171 265 ( median 1165 ) mg/d in the high calcium group , and 668 273 ( median 691 ) mg/d in the control group , which was significantly lower compared to the two treatment groups ( P < 0.001 ) . were no significant group effects in any of the outcome variables . high dairy or calcium diet alone did not alter body composition or serum lipids profile in a sample of Puerto Rican obese adults ."
1051,Abstract #1051,"arteriovenous malformations ( AVMs ) are associated with high morbidity and mortality . microsurgery has improved the results of surgical treatment of AVMs ; however , the treatment of AVMs , particularly eloquently located AVMs , still carries a high risk . MRI ( fMRI ) has been reported to be used for the preoperative evaluation of AVMs in small case series . purpose is to identify the utility and efficacy of fMRI-guided microsurgery of AVMs in a large randomised controlled trial . study is a prospective , randomised controlled clinical trial . study will enrol a total of 600 eligible patients . eligible patients will be randomised to the standard microsurgery group and the fMRI-guided microsurgery group in a 1:1 ratio . baseline characteristics and AVM architecture and characteristics will be described . the fMRI-guided group , fMRI mapping of an eloquent cortex in all AVMs will be identified . complications and outcomes at pretreatment , post-treatment , at discharge and at 1-month , 3-month and 6-month follow-up intervals will be analysed using the modified Rankin Scale ( mRS ) . trial will determine whether fMRI-guided microsurgery could improve outcomes in patients with AVMs and also identify the safety and efficacy of fMRI-guided microsurgery . study protocol and written informed consent were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University ( ky2012-016-02 ) . findings will be disseminated in the printed media . NCT01758211 ."
1052,Abstract #1052,"investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1 and SLCO1B and mycophenolic acid ( MPA ) pharmacokinetics , and MPA-related diarrhea and leukopenia in 338 kidney transplant recipients . total of 338 patients participating in an international , randomized-controlled clinical trial were genotyped for ABCB1 and SLCO1B . were all treated with mycophenolate mofetil and either cyclosporine or tacrolimus . under the curve ( AUCs ) , MPA-glucuronide AUCs and acylglucuronide-AUCs were measured on days 3 and 10 , and months 1 , 3 , 6 , and 12 after kidney transplantation . risk of developing diarrhea was 1.8-fold higher in patients cotreated with tacrolimus compared with patients cotreated with cyclosporine ( 95 % confidence interval : 1.03-3 .13 ; P = 0.038 ) . and SLCO1B SNPs were not associated with dose-adjusted exposure to MPA , MPA-glucuronide , nor acylglucuronide-MPA nor with the incidence of diarrhea or leukopenia . for ABCB1 or SLCO1B pretransplantation is unlikely to be of clinical value for individualization of MPA therapy ."
1053,Abstract #1053,"dimensions related to illness are triggered at significant times in an illness trajectory , such as at illness onset or when death approaches . factors influence views on how illness is understood and managed , which is likely more difficult for minority populations . Latinos experience barriers to high-quality health care , late-stage cancer diagnoses , and poor health outcomes , little is known about their experiences with advanced , life-threatening cancers . examined Latinas ' experiences with advanced , metastatic cancers to identify sociocultural beliefs that influenced their care . interviewed 24 Latinas taking part in a randomized controlled trial focused on improving quality-of-life outcomes for co-occurring cancer and depression and explored their beliefs about the cause , course , and cure of cancer . study used a phenomenological analytical approach to explore women 's lived experiences of having advanced cancer . revealed issues about experiencing advanced cancer that included the following : initial reactions to cancer , disbelief about the lack of pain , economic impact , beliefs about the cause , coping with cancer , beliefs about the cure , and confusion about cancer severity . factors influence misunderstanding and confusion about cancer care but also can be a source of strength . need to become culturally sensitive to the needs of underserved Latinas . or ignorance of these issues can create other problems , such as gaps in patient-centered decision making from diagnosis through the end of life ."
1054,Abstract #1054,"health problems often lead to prolonged sick leave . primary care , the usual approach towards these patients was the advice to take rest and not return to work before all complaints had disappeared . complaints persist , these patients are often referred to psychologists from primary and specialized secondary care . an alternative , ways have been sought to activate the Dutch occupational physician ( OP ) in primary care . 2000 , the Dutch Association of Occupational Physicians ( NVAB ) published a guideline concerning the management by OPs of employees with mental health problems . guideline received positive reactions from employees , employers and Dutch OPs . manuscript describes the design of a study , which aims to assess the effects of the guideline , compared with usual care . a randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) , subjects in the intervention group were treated according to the guideline . control group received usual care , with minimal involvement of the OP and easy access to a psychologist . were recruited from two Dutch police departments . primary outcomes of the study are return to work and treatment satisfaction by the employee , employer , and OP . secondary outcome is cost-effectiveness of the intervention , compared with usual care . , prognostic measures are taken into account as potential confounders . process evaluation will be done by means of performance indicators , based on the guideline . this pragmatic trial , effectiveness instead of efficacy is studied . will evaluate what is possible in real clinical practice , rather than under ideal circumstances . requirements for a high quality trial are being met . of this study will contribute to treatment options in occupational health practice for employees on sick leave due to mental health problems . , they may contribute to new and better-suited guidelines and stepped care . will become available during 2007 . Controlled Trials ISRCTN34887348 ."
1055,Abstract #1055,"need for evidence-based practice in nursing is well established ; however , the efficacy of providing online research resources to nurses delivering care at the bedside has yet to undergo empirical testing . study evaluated the impact of minimal educational support by a nurse researcher on nurses ' usage of a hospital-based online nursing reference center . randomized , comparison group design feasibility study was conducted at a suburban medical center . RN usage of an online nursing reference center was collected over 10 months ( August to May ) , with the comparative intervention occurring for seven of the 10 months ( September to March ) . samples t tests and analysis of variance demonstrated that nurses receiving weekly or biweekly visits from an educator had significantly higher usage of the reference center . who received minimal educational support through weekly and biweekly brief , verbally supportive visits from a nurse researcher were significantly higher users of the online nurse reference center than those receiving in-services only ."
1056,Abstract #1056,"development of a malaria vaccine remains a public health priority for sub-Saharan Africa . , S/AS02A candidate malaria vaccine has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in previous studies in adults and staggered dose-escalation studies in children in The Gambia . , genetic features and the intensity of malaria transmission may modify the safety and immune response of a vaccine . carried out a phase I , double-blind randomized controlled trial in 60 children aged 1-4 in Mozambique to evaluate the safety , reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the paediatric vaccine dose ( fixed 25 microg RTS , S in 0.25 ml ) of RTS , S/AS02A , prior to undertaking a planned larger phase IIb proof-of-concept of efficacy study in the same population . were randomized to receive either RTS , S/AS02A or Engerix-B vaccine . of safety and reactogenicity included detailed clinical and laboratory analyses and assessment of adverse events ( AEs ) . RTS , S/AS02A was found to be safe and well tolerated . adverse events were balanced between both groups and none was related to vaccination . frequency of adverse events reported with RTS , S/AS02A was comparable to previous studies in children . 3 AEs were infrequent ( one case of pain , one of fever in each group and some swelling greater than 20 mm in diameter ) , transient and resolved without sequelae . , S/AS02A was highly immunogenic for anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody response and induced a strong anti-hepatitis-B surface antigen response ."
1057,Abstract #1057,"study examined the impact of critical time intervention ( CTI ) in reducing rehospitalization among formerly homeless individuals with severe and persistent mental illness after discharge from inpatient psychiatric treatment . is a nine-month care coordination intervention designed to support persons with severe mental illness in the transition from institutions to community living . discharge from inpatient psychiatric treatment , 150 previously homeless men and women were randomly assigned to receive either usual services only or CTI in addition to usual services . participants were assessed every six weeks for 18 months after entering the community . the end of the follow-up period , psychiatric rehospitalization was significantly lower for the group assigned to CTI compared with the usual services group ( odds ratio = .11 , 95 % confidence interval = .01 -.96 ) . study demonstrated that CTI , primarily designed to prevent recurrent homelessness , also reduced the occurrence of rehospitalization after discharge ."
1058,Abstract #1058,"effects of upper-limb ( arm cranking ) and lower-limb ( leg cranking ) exercise training on walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication was assessed . patients ( 33 to 82 years old ) with moderate to severe intermittent claudication were recruited , and the maximum power generated during incremental upper - and lower-limb ergometry tests was determined , as were pain-free and maximum walking distances ( by using a shuttle walk test ) . were randomly assigned to an upper-limb training group ( n = 26 ) or a lower-limb training group ( n = 26 ) . additional untrained group ( n = 15 ) was recruited on an ad hoc basis in parallel with the main trial by using identical inclusion criteria . group was subsequently shown to possess a similar demographic distribution to the two exercise groups . training sessions were held twice weekly for 6 weeks . training programs significantly improved the maximum power generated during the incremental upper - and lower-limb ergometry tests ( P < . ) , which may reflect an increase in central cardiovascular function that was independent of the training mode . importantly , pain-free and maximum walking distances also improved in both training groups ( P < .001 ) . improvements in the training groups were similar ; there were no changes in the untrained control group . findings suggest that the symptomatic improvement after upper-limb exercise training may result , in part , from systemic cardiovascular effects rather than localized metabolic or hemodynamic changes . prescribed upper-limb exercise training can evoke a rapid symptomatic improvement in patients with claudication , while avoiding the physical discomfort experienced when performing lower-limb weight-bearing exercise ."
1059,Abstract #1059,"randomized , double blind , placebo-controlled dose-ranging study was conducted to assess the efficacy of alosetron in men with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . hundred and sixty-two men were randomized to treatment with alosetron 0.5 , 1.0 , 2.0 , 4.0 mg , or placebo twice daily for 12 wk , followed by a 4-wk posttreatment period . relief of IBS pain and discomfort during week 5-12 of the treatment phase was the primary endpoint ; secondary endpoints included bowel urgency , stool frequency , and consistency , incomplete evacuation , bloating , and abdominal pain or discomfort . ranked urgency and abdominal pain as their most bothersome IBS symptoms . average rate of adequate relief during week 5-12 was significantly higher in the alosetron 1.0 mg twice-daily group compared to placebo ( 53 % vs 40 % , p = 0.04 ) , and all doses of alosetron significantly reduced stool consistency scores ( p < 0.001 ) indicating firmer stools . significant effects of alosetron were seen with regard to urgency , number of bowel movements , bloating , and incomplete evacuation . was the most common adverse event and occurred in a dose-related manner among subjects receiving alosetron , 9 % ( 0.5 mg twice daily ) , 15 % ( 1.0 mg twice daily ) , 11 % ( 2.0 mg twice daily ) , and 21 % ( 4.0 mg twice daily ) . serious adverse events of constipation were reported . subject in the 0.5 mg twice-daily group had an episode of rectal bleeding suggestive of a possible diagnosis of ischemic colitis . 1 mg twice daily provided adequate relief of IBS pain and discomfort , and improved stool consistency in men with diarrhea-predominant IBS ."
1060,Abstract #1060,"studies have suggested that plasma lipids are affected differently by the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ( PPAR ) - gamma agonists pioglitazone and rosiglitazone . aim of this study was to perform a quantitative lipoprotein turnover study to determine the effects of PPAR-gamma agonists on lipoprotein metabolism . subjects with Type 2 diabetes treated with diet and/or metformin were randomized in a double-blind study to receive 30 mg pioglitazone , 8 mg rosiglitazone or placebo once daily for 3 months . and after treatment , absolute secretion rate ( ASR ) and fractional catabolic rate ( FCR ) of very low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) , intermediate-density lipoprotein ( IDL ) and low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) apolipoprotein B100 were measured with a 10-h infusion of 1-13C leucine . was a significant decrease in glycated haemoglobin ( HbA ( 1c ) ) and non-esterified fatty acids with pioglitazone ( P = 0.01 ; P = 0.02 ) and rosiglitazone ( P = 0.04 ; P = 0.003 ) , respectively , but no change in plasma triglyceride or high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol . rosiglitazone , there was a significant reduction in VLDL apolipoprotein B100 ( apoB ) ASR ( P = 0.01 ) compared with baseline , a decrease in VLDL triglyceride/apoB ( P = 0.01 ) , an increase in LDL2 cholesterol ( P = 0.02 ) and a decrease in LDL3 cholesterol ( P = 0.02 ) . was a decrease in VLDL triglyceride/apoB ( P = 0.04 ) in the pioglitazone group . was no significant difference in change in VLDL ASR or FCR among the three groups . patients with Type 2 diabetes and normal lipids , treatment with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone had no significant effect on lipoprotein metabolism compared with placebo ."
1061,Abstract #1061,"study assessed whether adding orlistat to sibutramine would induce further weight loss in patients who previously had lost weight while taking sibutramine alone . were 34 women with a mean age of 44.1 + / - 10.4 years , weight of 89.4 + / - 13.8 kg , and body mass index ( BMI ) of 33.9 + / - 4.9 kg/m2 who had lost an average of 11.6 + / - 9.2 % of initial weight during the prior 1 year of treatment by sibutramine combined with lifestyle modification . were randomly assigned , in double-blind fashion , to sibutramine plus orlistat or sibutramine plus placebo . addition to medication , participants were provided five brief lifestyle modification visits during the 16-week continuation trial . body weight did not change significantly in either treatment condition during the 16 weeks . addition of orlistat to sibutramine did not induce further weight loss as compared with treatment by sibutramine alone ( mean changes = +0.1 + / - 4.1 kg vs. +0.5 + / - 2.1 kg , respectively ) . results must be interpreted with caution because of the study 's small sample size . findings , however , suggest that the combination of sibutramine and orlistat is unlikely to have additive effects that will yield mean losses > or = 15 % of initial weight , as desired by many obese individuals ."
1062,Abstract #1062,"of eptifibatide , a cyclic heptapeptide antagonist of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa , are substantially altered by anticoagulants that chelate calcium , resulting in overestimation ex vivo of the in vivo effects of this agent . conducted a dose-ranging study to characterize the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of eptifibatide under physiological conditions . ( n = 39 ) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention were randomly assigned to an eptifibatide bolus followed by an infusion ( 180-microgram/kg bolus followed by 2 microgram/kg per minute or 250-microgram/kg bolus followed by 3 microgram/kg per minute ) for 18 to 24 hours . a 2:1 ratio , these patients received either a second bolus of eptifibatide ( 90 microgram/kg or 125 microgram/kg for the initial 180-microgram/kg or 250-microgram/kg groups , respectively ) or placebo 30 minutes after the initial bolus . times , ex vivo platelet aggregation , receptor occupancy , and plasma eptifibatide levels at baseline and at 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , and 8 hours were evaluated . inhibition was dose dependent and > 80 % in all groups by steady state . single-bolus regimens had a transient loss of inhibition at 1 hour , consistent with rapid distribution and drug elimination . modeling suggested that optimal dosing of eptifibatide would be obtained with a 180-microgram/kg bolus and a 2-microgram/kg per minute infusion followed by a second 180-microgram/kg bolus 10 minutes later . novel higher-dose , double-bolus regimen of eptifibatide in coronary intervention attains and maintains > 90 % inhibition of platelet aggregation in > 90 % of patients , providing the pharmacodynamic construct for the design of the Enhanced Suppression of the Platelet IIb/IIIa Receptor with Integrilin Therapy ( ESPRIT ) trial of adjunctive eptifibatide in coronary stent implantation ."
1063,Abstract #1063,"biological marker has been identified that predicts the development of lipodystrophy ( LD ) . investigated whether metabolic and body composition parameters could predict the development of LD over 2 years in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) . used stored plasma collected at baseline and weeks 12 , 24 and 48 from adults initiating combination ART . , inflammatory cytokine , lipid and glycaemic parameters were measured and related to subsequent lipoatrophy ( loss of limb fat mass of at least 2 kg from weeks 24 to 96 by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ) and an increase in visceral adipose tissue ( VAT ; an increase of at least 18 cm ( 2 ) from baseline to week 48 by abdominal computed tomography ) . factors associated with limb fat loss and VAT gain were analysed by logistic regression . HIV-infected , treatment-nave adults were included in the study : 53 ( 98 % ) of them were men , and they had a median age of 39 years [ interquartile range ( IQR ) 34-48 years ] and a median body mass index of 22.6 kg/m ( 2 ) ( IQR 20-24 .8 kg/m ( 2 ) ) . multivariate analysis , a higher baseline limb fat percentage , and a 1 mmol/L increase in plasma leptin levels during the first 6 months of ART , independently predicted a peripheral fat loss of > or = 2 kg [ odds ratio ( OR ) 2.58 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.04-6 .41 ; OR 3.15 , 95 % CI 1.34-7 .35 , respectively ) . changes showed a borderline association with high baseline tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels and hip circumference ( OR 1.04 , 95 % CI 1.00-1 .07 ; OR 1.44 , 95 % CI 1.07-1 .95 , respectively ) . ART-nave men , higher baseline limb fat and an early increase in leptin concentrations may predict the subsequent development of lipoatrophy . did not find the same risk factors in the two different groups of patients with peripheral fat loss and central fat gain , suggesting a partially independent pathogenesis ."
1064,Abstract #1064,"weight-supported treadmill training ( BWSTT ) has produced mixed results compared with other therapeutic techniques . purpose of this study was to determine whether an intensive intervention ( intensive mobility training ) including BWSTT provides superior gait , balance , and mobility outcomes compared with a similar intervention with overground gait training in place of BWSTT . individuals with chronic stroke ( mean [ SD ] age , 61.5 [ 13.5 ] years ; mean [ SD ] time since stroke , 3.3 [ 3.8 ] years ) , were randomized to a treatment ( BWSTT , n = 23 ) or control ( overground gait training , n = 20 ) group . consisted of 1 hour of gait training ; 1 hour of balance activities ; and 1 hour of strength , range of motion , and coordination for 10 consecutive weekdays ( 30 hours ) . ( step length differential , self-selected and fast walking speed , 6-minute walk test , Berg Balance Scale [ BBS ] , Dynamic Gait Index [ DGI ] , Activities-specific Balance Confidence [ ABC ] scale , single limb stance , Timed Up and Go [ TUG ] , Fugl-Meyer [ FM ] , and perceived recovery [ PR ] ) were conducted before , immediately after , and 3 months after intervention . significant differences ( = 0.05 ) were found between groups after training or at follow-up ; therefore , groups were combined for remaining analyses . differences ( = 0.05 ) were found pretest to posttest for fast walking speed , BBS , DGI , ABC , TUG , FM , and PR . , ABC , TUG , and PR results remained significant at follow-up . sizes were small to moderate in the direction of improvement . studies should investigate the effectiveness of intensive interventions of durations greater than 10 days for improving gait , balance , and mobility in individuals with chronic stroke ."
1065,Abstract #1065,"compare the efficacy of a standard anthracycline-based regimen to a dose-intensified anthracycline regimen in locally advanced breast cancer . advanced breast cancer patients were randomly assigned onto a study comparing cyclophosphamide ( C ; 75 mg/m ( 2 ) orally days 1 to 14 ) , epirubicin ( E ; 60 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously [ IV ] days 1 , 8 ) , and fluorouracil ( F ; 500 mg/m ( 2 ) IV days 1 , 8 ) six cycles every 28 days versus E ( 120 mg/m ( 2 ) IV day 1 ) , C ( 830 mg/m ( 2 ) IV day 1 ) , and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( filgrastim ; 5 micro g/kg/d subcutaneously days 2 to 13 ) six cycles every 14 days . study was designed to detect a 15 % improvement ; that is , from 50 % to 65 % in median progression-free survival ( PFS ) in favor of the dose-intensified regimen . total of 448 patients were enrolled over a period of 3 years . median dose intensity delivered for C and E reached , respectively , 85 % and 87 % of that planned in the CEF arm and 96 % and 95 % of that planned in the EC arm . dose-intensified arm was slightly more emetogenic and generated more grade 3 to 4 anemia but less febrile neutropenia episodes . a median follow-up of 5.5 years , 277 events have been reported . median PFS was 34 and 33.7 months for CEF and EC , respectively ( P = .68 ) , and the 5-year survival rate was 53 % and 51 % for CEF and EC , respectively ( P = .94 ) . EC does not provide a measurable therapeutic benefit over CEF as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for unselected locally advanced breast cancer patients ."
1066,Abstract #1066,"studies have shown that doxofylline is endowed with a remarkable bronchodilator activity with less extra-respiratory effects than theophylline . trial was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of doxofylline , theophylline , and placebo in patients with chronic reversible bronchial asthma . hundred forty-six patients were randomly assigned to a 12-week oral treatment with either doxofylline 400 mg t.i.d. ( high dose ) , doxofylline 200 mg t.i.d. ( low dose ) , theophylline 250 mg t.i.d. ( active control ) or placebo . function tests ( PFTs ) were performed biweekly . kept records of peak flow meter ( PFM ) measurements , asthma attack rate and beta-2-agonist use ( albuterol ) . in FEV1 2 hours after the administration of treatments versus baseline exhibited statistically significant differences between doxofylline 400 mg t.i.d. and placebo and between theophylline and placebo . differences were monitored on the other variables ( FVC , PFER , FEF ( 25-75 % ) . attack rate and use of albuterol decreased remarkably with doxofylline 400 mg t.i.d. and theophylline . were few statistically significant differences between doxofylline 200 mg t.i.d. and placebo . more patients had to interrupt treatment because of adverse events under theophylline than under doxofylline 400 mg t.i.d. ( p = 0.001 ) . doxofylline 400 mg t.i.d. , the number of patients treated to spare one drop-out due to theophylline was 5 . study provides evidence that doxofylline 400 mg t.i.d. is an effective treatment for relieving airway obstruction and displays a better safety profile with respect to theophylline 250 mg t.i.d. with a favorable risk-to-benefit ratio ."
1067,Abstract #1067,"investigate if the cramp threshold frequency ( CTF ) can be altered by electrical muscle stimulation in a shortened position . total of 15 healthy male sport students were randomly allocated to an intervention ( IG , n = 10 ) and a non-treatment control group ( CG , n = 5 ) . muscles of both legs in the IG were stimulated equally twice a week over 6 weeks . protocol was 35 s on , 10 s off , 150 s impulse width , 30 Hz above the individual CTF , and was at 85 % of the maximal tolerated stimulation energy . leg was stimulated in a shortened position , inducing muscle cramps ( CT ) , while the opposite leg was fixated in a neutral position at the ankle , hindering muscle cramps ( nCT ) . tests were performed prior to the first and 96 h after the 6 ( th ) ( 3 w ) and 12 ( th ) ( 6 w ) training session . 3 w , the CTF had significantly ( p < 0.001 ) increased in CT calves from 23.35.7 Hz to 33.36.9 Hz , while it remained unchanged in nCT ( pre : 23.65.7 Hz , mid : 22.33.5 Hz ) and in both legs of the CG ( pre : 21.83.2 Hz , mid : 22.02.7 Hz ) . CT saw further insignificant increases in the CTF . applied stimulation energy ( mA s ) positively correlated with the effect on the CTF ( r = 0.92 ; p < 0.001 ) . present study may be useful for developing new non-pharmacological strategies to reduce cramp susceptibility . Clinical Trials Register DRKS00005312 ."
1068,Abstract #1068,"Fragmin and Fast Revascularisation during Instability in Coronary artery disease II trial ( FRISC II ) compared an early invasive with an early non-invasive strategy in unstable coronary-artery disease . report outcome at 1 year . patients were randomly assigned invasive or non-invasive treatment and 3 months of dalteparin or placebo . information at 1 year was available for 1222 in the invasive group and 1234 in the non-invasive group . were by intention to treat . was done within the first 10 days in 71 % of the invasive group and 9 % of the non-invasive group and within the first year in 78 % and 43 % . the first year , 27 ( 2.2 % ) patients in the invasive group and 48 ( 3.9 % ) in the non-invasive group died ( risk ratio 0.57 [ 95 % CI 0.36-0 .90 ] , p = 0.016 ) . ( 8.6 % ) versus 143 ( 11.6 % ) had myocardial infarction ( 0.74 [ 0.59-0 .94 ] , p = 0.015 ) . composite of death or myocardial infarction occurred in 127 ( 10.4 % ) versus 174 ( 14.1 % ) patients ( 0.74 [ 0.60-0 .92 ] , p = 0.005 ) . were also reductions in readmission ( 451 [ 37 % ] vs 704 [ 57 % ] ; 0.67 [ 0.62-0 .72 ] ) , and revascularisation after the initial admission ( 92 [ 7.5 % ] vs 383 [ 31 % ] ; 0.24 [ 0.20-0 .30 ] ) . results did not interact with the dalteparin/placebo allocation . 1 year in 100 patients , an invasive strategy saves 1.7 lives , prevents 2.0 non-fatal myocardial infarctions and 20 readmissions , and provides earlier and better symptom relief at the cost of 15 more patients with coronary-artery bypass grafting and 21 more with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty . , an invasive approach should be the preferred strategy in patients with unstable coronary-artery disease and signs of ischaemia on electrocardiography or raised levels of biochemical markers of myocardial damage ."
1069,Abstract #1069,"the United States , use of oral opioid analgesics has been associated with increasing rates of addiction , abuse , and diversion . , little is known about the recent national use of non-illicit prescription opioid analgesics ( those prescribed in a physician-patient relationship ) , the primary source of these drugs for the general US population . primary objective was to examine trends in the use of prescription opioid analgesics in the United States and to identify defining characteristics of patient users of prescribed opioids from 2000 to 2010 . used the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to examine trends in prescription oral opioid analgesic use from 2000 to 2010 . used survey design methods to make national estimates of adults ( 18 years and older ) who reported receiving an opioid analgesic prescription ( referred to as opioid users ) and used logistic regression to examine predictors of opioid analgesic use . primary outcome measures were national estimates of total users of prescription opioid analgesics and total number of prescriptions . secondary outcome was that of observing changes in the disability and health of the users . estimated total number of opioid analgesic prescriptions in the United States increased by 104 % , from 43.8 million in 2000 to 89.2 million in 2010 . 2000 , an estimated 7.4 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 6.9-7 .9 ) of adult Americans were prescription opioid users compared with 11.8 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 11.2-12 .4 ) in 2010 . the basis of estimates adjusted for changes in the general population , each year was associated with a 6 % increase in the likelihood of receiving an opioid prescription from 2000 to 2010 . the apparent increase in use , there were no demonstrable improvements in the age - or sex-adjusted disability and health status measures of opioid users . use of prescription opioid analgesics among adult Americans has increased in recent years , and this increase does not seem to be associated with improvements in disability and health status among users . a public health level , these data suggest that there may be an opportunity to reduce the prescribing of opioid analgesics without worsening of population health metrics ."
1070,Abstract #1070,"colon free of faecal residue is required for accurate diagnostic colonoscopy . tolerance of his/her colonoscopy cathartic regimen affects patient compliance and willingness to undergo repeated examinations . determine whether a meal could be consumed during standard bowel preparation . was a randomized , endoscopists ' blinded comparison of the tolerability and efficacy of a prepackaged , low-residue diet ( NutraPrep ) combined with the LoSo Prep bowel cleansing system , which contains magnesium citrate , bisocodyl tablets and a bisocodyl suppository ( NP-LS regimen ) , compared with a clear liquid diet and a double-dose sodium phosphate ( Fleet Phospho-soda ) regimen ( 2F regimen ) . measures included efficacy of bowel preparation , patient preparation tolerability , side-effects and patient safety . total of 506 patients completed the study , 222 randomized to 2F and 284 to NP-LS . NP-LS regimen resulted in significantly better colon cleansing in terms of the proportion with good or excellent results ( P = 0.025 ) and in significantly better patient tolerance and willingness to repeat the cathartic preparation ( P < 0.01 ) . NP-LS regimen proved superior to the 2F regimen ."
1071,Abstract #1071,"purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of ( 1 ) using the existing clinic , clinicians , interns , faculty , and staff from our college in conducting all components of a planned randomized controlled clinical trial ; ( 2 ) successfully recruiting patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome ( PFPS ) ; and ( 3 ) consistently , effectively , and safely implementing the study protocols and therapy . , treatment , and blind assessment procedures were carried out while recruitment and administrative techniques for managing long-term storage of data and files were developed . patients were randomized into a local manipulative group ( group A ) or to a full kinetic chain manipulative therapy group ( group B ) , each combined with exercise and soft tissue treatment . Anterior Knee Pain Scale , visual analog scale , and Patient Satisfaction Scale were used . phases of the feasibility study including use of the clinic , staff , recruitment techniques , treatment protocols , data collection , input , and analysis were effectively and safely carried out . feasibility study investigating the ability to conduct a randomized controlled trial of a manipulative therapy protocol for PFPS using available chiropractic college infrastructure was accomplished . fully powered PFPS trial is feasible and merited ."
1072,Abstract #1072,"can potentially monitor disease activity of RA through self-assessed swollen joints ( clinical synovitis ) , but reliability is poor . objective is to evaluate the use of education by US feedback on the ability of patients to assess for clinical synovitis in RA . performed a 6 month , single-centre , randomized controlled trial on patients with established RA to study the effect of education on self-assessment of joints that included initial brief patient training on tender ( TJC ) and swollen ( SJC ) joint counts followed by US feedback every 3 months vs standard care without education . and physician independently performed 28-joint counts at each visit . variables included the percentage of patients with good agreement with physician-derived swollen joints [ prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa ( PABAK ) > 0.6 ] as well as agreement in the SJC ( Bland and Altman 95 % limits of agreement ) , feasibility/patient satisfaction survey and disease activity at 6 months . the 101 randomized patients , 95 were included ( 51 in the education arm and 44 in the standard care arm ) . 6 months there was a significant difference in the proportion of patients with swollen joint PABAK > 0.6 in the education arm compared with standard care ( 98 vs 85 % , P = 0.02 ) . of agreement for the SJC difference between physician and patients were reduced only in the education arm . training method is considered feasible , with 94 % of patients reporting it as useful . trend of higher rates of disease remission ( 28-joint DAS < 2.6 ) in the education arm vs standard care ( 47 % vs 29 % , P = 0.07 ) was seen . short course of education with US feedback may be helpful in educating patients to assess for clinical synovitis . trials.gov , https://clinicaltrials.gov , NCT02351401 ."
1073,Abstract #1073,"a Phase II trial , surgical adjuvant active specific immunotherapy using a live vaccinia virus-augmented allogeneic polyvalent melanoma cell lysate , vaccinia melanoma oncolysate ( VMO ) , produced a significant disease free interval ( DFI ) in patients with International Union Against Cancer Stage II melanoma with positive lymph nodes . , a Phase III randomized prospective , double-blind , multiinstitutional , surgical adjuvant VMO trial was performed to determine the efficacy of VMO to increase the DFI and the overall survival in this group of patients with Stage II disease . hundred and fifty patients with Stage II melanoma were divided into two postsurgical groups . group received VMO ( total protein equals 2 mg/ml ) and the other received the placebo of live vaccinia vaccine virus ( V ) ( 10 ( 5.4 ) TCID50/ml ) , an adjuvant component of the VMO . initially received these biologics once a week for 13 weeks and then once every 2 weeks for an additional 39 weeks or until recurrence . surviving patients have been followed for at least 30 months . analysis of survival data ( n = 217 ) for this first interim analysis shows that there is no statistically significant ( P = 0.99 ) increase in DFI of patients treated with VMO ( n = 104 ) when compared with V ( n = 113 ) . median DFI is 38.0 months for patients treated with VMO and 37.0 months for patients treated with V. 2 - and 4-year intervals , 70 and 38 % , respectively , of patients treated with VMO vs. 66 and 36 % , respectively , of patients treated with V were free of melanoma . median overall survival is not available because the patients treated with VMO have not yet reached the 50 % mark and the median overall survival is 45.0 months for patients treated with V. 2 - and 4-year intervals , 70 and 38 % , respectively , of VMO-treated patients survived when compared with 66 and 36 % , respectively , of patients treated with V. Although the overall survival of patients treated with VMO is not statistically significant ( P = 0.88 ) at this point , there is an increasing trend in the overall survival of patients treated with VMO ; a 10 % increase at the 4-year time point . , in the subset analysis , VMO-treated male patients ( n = 63 ) showed a 17 % improvement in survival at 4-year time point when compared with male patients treated with V ( n = 67 ) ( P = 0.19 ) at the same time point and male patients ( n = 20 ) between the ages of 44 and 57 having 1-5 positive lymph nodes showed a 37 % difference in overall survival at the 4-year time point when compared with those patients treated with V ( n = 18 ) ( P = 0.13 ) at the same time point . this first interim analysis , active specific immunotherapy with VMO vs. V showed no difference in the disease free interval or overall survival . analyses likewise showed no significant differences in outcome but the data suggest a potential difference in immunoreactivity between male and female patients with melanoma that awaits further follow up and may merit further investigation ."
1074,Abstract #1074,"alafenamide ( formerly GS-7340 ) is a new oral prodrug of tenofovir , a nucleotide analogue that inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcription . the currently marketed tenofovir prodrug , tenofovir disoproxil fumarate , tenofovir alafenamide is stable in plasma and then rapidly converted into tenofovir once inside cells . pharmacokinetics , safety and antiviral activity of 40 or 120 mg of tenofovir alafenamide compared with 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate when administered as monotherapy once daily for 14 days in HIV-1-infected , treatment-naive subjects was studied . of 40 mg of tenofovir alafenamide for 14 days resulted in lower tenofovir Cmax ( 13 versus 207 ng/mL ) and lower systemic exposures ( AUC0-t , 383 versus 1810 ngh/mL ) compared with subjects who received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate . were higher intracellular tenofovir concentrations within peripheral blood mononuclear cells with both 40 mg of tenofovir alafenamide ( 8.2 M ) and 120 mg of tenofovir alafenamide ( 16.9 M ) compared with 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( 0.9 M ) . most commonly observed adverse events were headache , nausea and flatulence , which occurred similarly across the three groups . 14 days , the mean changes in HIV-1 RNA were -0.94 logcopies/mL for the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group , -1.57 log copies/mL for the 40 mg of tenofovir alafenamide group and -1.71 log copies/mL for the 120 mg of tenofovir alafenamide group . mean first-phase HIV-1 RNA decay slopes were -0.36 , -0.63 and -0.64 for the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group , the 40 mg of tenofovir alafenamide group and the 120 mg of tenofovir alafenamide group , respectively . resistance mutations to either tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were detected . alafenamide , a new once-daily oral prodrug of tenofovir , showed more potent anti-HIV-1 activity and higher intracellular tenofovir levels compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate , while maintaining lower plasma tenofovir exposure at 40 mg with good tolerability over 14 days of monotherapy ."
1075,Abstract #1075,"a long-acting muscarinic antagonist with a long-acting - agonist has been shown to be pharmacologically useful in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the dual bronchodilator therapy on airway dimensions in COPD . ( n = 54 ) were randomly assigned to receive tiotropium ( 18g once daily ) , indacaterol ( 150g once daily ) or tiotropium plus indacaterol for 16 weeks . computed tomography ( CT ) , pulmonary function and health status ( St. George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ) were measured . with tiotropium or indacaterol alone , combination therapy resulted in a significant decrease in percentage wall area ( WA % ) and wall thickness , corrected for body surface area , and an increase in luminal area ( Ai/BSA ) . treatment was superior to monotherapy in physiological indices , including forced vital capacity , forced expiratory volume in 1s ( FEV ) and inspiratory capacity . changes in WA % and Ai/BSA were significantly correlated with changes in FEV ( r = -0.44 , P < 0.01 and r = 0.37 , P < 0.01 ) . were more significant improvements in SGRQ scores after treatment with combined therapy than with either treatment alone . therapy with tiotropium and indacaterol is effective for COPD patients to promote reduction in airway wall thickness , bronchodilation , and improvements in lung function compared with a single inhaler ."
1076,Abstract #1076,"investigate the efficacy and safety of misoprostol in the induction of labor at term by comparing this agent with the commonly used dinoprostone gel . randomized clinical trial of vaginal misoprostol , 50 microg 6-hourly , and dinoprostone gel , 1-2 mg 6-hourly , in 435 women undergoing induction of labor at term . women , 210 in the misoprostol group and 225 in the dinoprostone group , were compared to determine whether there was a significant difference in achieving vaginal delivery within 24 h , the incidence of hyperstimulation syndrome , Cesarean section rate and adverse neonatal outcome . were also offered the option of preinduction sonographic cervical assessment . , compared to dinoprostone gel , was associated with a significantly shorter median induction-to-delivery interval ( 14.6 h vs. 19.0 h ; P = 0.0014 ) , a higher incidence of vaginal delivery within 24 h of induction ( 65.7 % vs. 54.2 % ; P = 0.019 ) and a reduced need for oxytocin augmentation during labor ( 20.5 % vs. 29.8 % ; P = 0.034 ) . groups did not differ significantly in the rates of Cesarean section ( 18.1 % vs. 19.1 % ; P = 0.88 ) and hyperstimulation syndrome ( 2.4 % vs. 0.9 % ; P = 0.27 ) . of the cases of hyperstimulation required treatment with tocolysis . nine cases of excessive uterine contractility occurred after the first dose of the drug . were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal morbidity between the two groups . was a significant association between preinduction cervical length and the induction-to-delivery interval in both those receiving misoprostol and those treated with dinoprostone . use of misoprostol is associated with a shorter duration of labor and a higher rate of vaginal delivery within 24 h from induction without an increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity . sonographic measurement of cervical length is useful in the prediction of the likelihood of vaginal delivery within 24 h of induction and of the induction-to-delivery interval and may be useful in the stratification of patients participating in randomized studies that examine the effectiveness of inducing agents ."
1077,Abstract #1077,"compare the efficacy and patient acceptability of intranasal versus transdermal 17 beta-estradiol ( E2 ) delivery systems for postmenopausal symptoms . women were randomly assigned to intranasal 17 beta-E2 , 300 microg daily ( n = 176 ) or transdermal 17 beta-E2 ( delivering 50 microg/day ) , two patches per week ( n = 185 ) for 12 weeks , followed by a 4-week period with the alternate treatment . was compared between groups using the Kupperman Index and vasomotor symptoms at week 12 . acceptability was compared by patient choice of administration route and by questionnaire at week 16 . and transdermal therapy produced significant reductions in the Kupperman Index and in the occurrence of hot flushes and night sweats at week 12 . of climacteric symptoms was statistically equivalent in the two treatment groups ( P < .001 ) . difference between groups in the Kupperman Index score of -0.5 + / - 0.9 ( 95 % confidence interval -2.3 , 1.3 ) was within the predetermined interval of equivalence . therapies were well tolerated with similar adverse event rates , except for moderate and severe mastalgia which was significantly less frequent with intranasal E2 ( 7.2 % ) than with the patch ( 15.5 % , P = .02 ) . percent of patients chose to continue the intranasal therapy and 34 % the transdermal therapy ( P < .001 ) . was greater with intranasal therapy at week 16 ( P < .001 ) . and transdermal estrogen delivery systems had equivalent efficacy and similar safety profiles . therapy was the patients ' choice for long-term treatment ."
1078,Abstract #1078,"fibrin deposition is a hallmark of acute lung injury , resulting from activation of coagulation and inhibition of fibrinolysis . studies have shown that mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes may aggravate lung injury in patients with sepsis and acute lung injury . authors sought to determine the effects of mechanical ventilation on the alveolar hemostatic balance in patients without preexistent lung injury . scheduled for an elective surgical procedure ( lasting > or = 5 h ) were randomly assigned to mechanical ventilation with either higher tidal volumes of 12 ml/kg ideal body weight and no positive end-expiratory pressure ( PEEP ) or lower tidal volumes of 6 ml/kg and 10 cm H2O PEEP . induction of anesthesia and 5 h later bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples were obtained , and markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis were measured . contrast to mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes and PEEP ( n = 21 ) , the use of higher tidal volumes without PEEP ( n = 19 ) caused activation of bronchoalveolar coagulation , as reflected by a marked increase in thrombin-antithrombin complexes , soluble tissue factor , and factor VIIa after 5 h of mechanical ventilation . ventilation with higher tidal volumes without PEEP caused an increase in soluble thrombomodulin in lavage fluids and lower levels of bronchoalveolar activated protein C in comparison with lower tidal volumes and PEEP . fibrinolytic activity did not change by either ventilation strategy . ventilation with higher tidal volumes and no PEEP promotes procoagulant changes , which are largely prevented by the use of lower tidal volumes and PEEP ."
1079,Abstract #1079,"the amygdala and insula are regarded as critical neural substrates perpetuating cigarette smoking , little is known about their circuit-level interactions with interconnected regions during nicotine withdrawal or following pharmacotherapy administration . elucidate neurocircuitry associated with early smoking abstinence , we examined the impact of varenicline and nicotine , two modestly efficacious pharmacologic cessation aids , on amygdala - and insula-centered circuits using resting-state functional connectivity ( rsFC ) . a functional magnetic resonance imaging study employing a two-drug , placebo-controlled design , 24 overnight-abstinent smokers and 20 nonsmokers underwent 17 days of varenicline and placebo pill administration and were scanned , on different days under each condition , wearing a transdermal nicotine or placebo patch . examined the impact of varenicline and nicotine ( both alone and in combination ) on amygdala - and insula-centered rsFC using seed-based assessments . with a functionally defined amygdala seed , we observed that rsFC strength in an amygdala-insula circuit was down-regulated by varenicline and nicotine in abstinent smokers . this identified insula region as a new seed , both drugs similarly decreased rsFC between the insula and constituents of the canonical default-mode network ( posterior cingulate cortex , ventromedial/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex , parahippocampus ) . rsFC modulations were critically linked with nicotine withdrawal , as similar effects were not detected in nonsmokers . results suggest that nicotine withdrawal is associated with elevated amygdala-insula and insula-default-mode network interactions . these potentiated interactions were down-regulated by two pharmacotherapies , this effect may be a characteristic shared by pharmacologic agents promoting smoking cessation . rsFC in these circuits may contribute to amelioration of subjective withdrawal symptoms ."
1080,Abstract #1080,"examine the association of baseline body mass index ( BMI ) with the risk of recurrence or death in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen or letrozole in the Breast International Group ( BIG ) 1-98 trial at 8.7 years of median follow-up . report analyzes 4,760 patients with breast cancer randomly assigned to 5 years of monotherapy with letrozole or tamoxifen in the BIG 1-98 trial with available information on BMI at randomization . Cox modeling assessed the association of BMI with disease-free survival , overall survival ( OS ) , breast cancer-free interval , and distant recurrence-free interval and tested for treatment-by-BMI interaction . follow-up was 8.7 years . percent of patients have died . patients ( BMI 30 kg/m ( 2 ) ) had slightly poorer OS ( hazard ratio [ HR ] = 1.19 ; 95 % CI , 0.99 to 1.44 ) than patients with normal BMI ( < 25 kg/m ( 2 ) ) , whereas no trend in OS was observed in overweight ( BMI 25 to < 30 kg/m ( 2 ) ) versus normal-weight patients ( HR = 1.02 ; 95 % CI , 0.86 to 1.20 ) . interactions were not statistically significant . HRs for OS comparing obese versus normal BMI were HR = 1.22 ( 95 % CI , 0.93 to 1.60 ) and HR = 1.18 ( 95 % CI , 0.91 to 1.52 ) in the letrozole and tamoxifen groups , respectively . was no evidence that the benefit of letrozole over tamoxifen differed according to patients ' BMI ."
1081,Abstract #1081,"adequate nutritional support to promote optimal postnatal growth for very low birth weight ( VLBW ) infants has been a difficult problem to surmount in the NICU . the past 4 decades , improvements in neonatal critical care have made it possible for more VLBW infants to survive to discharge from NICUs . NICHD Neonatal Network reported that while intrauterine growth restriction was present in 22 % of VLBW infants at birth , 91 % demonstrated postnatal growth restriction by 36 weeks post menstrual age . persistence of this nearly universal growth deficit is associated with the inadequacy of protein and energy intake , which may account for 45-50 % of the postnatal growth restriction . purpose of this study was to assess whether increasing enteral intake , using supplemental protein , would improve postnatal growth for VLBW infants . clinical trial . infants were enrolled ( 34 in control group with 15 infants < 1000 g , and 30 in intervention group with 13 infants < 1000 g ) . were no sustained statistical differences between weekly measurements of weight , length , head circumference , and skinfold thickness between groups . were no significant differences between laboratory results except blood urea nitrogen at time of peak protein intake for intervention group . enteral protein had minimal to no effect on postnatal weight , length , head circumference , body mass , or length of stay . may be most important to provide consistent sustained nutritional support with protein from birth to reduce postnatal growth restriction , especially for those infants < 1000 g at birth ."
1082,Abstract #1082,"determine the effect of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios and alpha-tocopheryl acetate concentration on immune functions andT cell subpopulations in healthy dogs . 7 - to 10-year old female Beagles . 17 weeks , dogs were fed food that contained low ( 1.4:1 ) or high ( 40:1 ) ratios of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in combination with 3 concentrations of all rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate ( low , 17 mg/kg of food ; medium , 101 mg/kg ; high , 447 mg/kg ) . were inoculated twice with a keyhole limpet hemocyanin suspension at 13 and 15 weeks . 12 weeks , dogs consuming low concentrations of alpha-tocopheryl acetate had lower percentages of CD8 + T cells , compared with dogs consuming medium or high alpha-tocopheryl acetate concentrations . , dogs consuming low alpha-tocopheryl acetate concentrations had higher CD4 + to CD8 + T cell ratios . day 4 of week 15 , the percentage of CD8 + T cells was highest in dogs fed medium concentrations of alpha-tocopheryl acetate , compared with other dogs ; however , the CD4 + to CD8 + T cell ratio was higher only in dogs fed low concentrations of alpha-tocopheryl acetate with high concentrations of n-3 fatty acids . consuming low concentrations of n-3 fatty acids with medium concentrations of alpha-tocopheryl acetate had the largest delayed-type hypersensitivity ( DTH ) skin test response . optimum amount of dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate concentration , regardless of the dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio , stimulates the CD8 + T cell population . of an optimum amount of dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate concentration on the DTH response are blunted by dietary n-3 fatty acids ."
1083,Abstract #1083,"24 patients with stable spontaneous and effort-related angina , ischemic episodes at rest were not preceded by changes in circulatory variables ( heart rate , systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures ) that may raise the myocardial oxygen consumption . interpreted these episodes as caused by critical and reversible coronary flow reduction at the site of a stenotic lesion , and evaluated the clinical efficacy of nifedipine and propranolol in the treatment of this condition . study was randomized , placebo-controlled , and crossover in design . of the 24 subjects were men ( mean group age , 59 years ; range , 47 to 65 years ) . study consisted of four four-day periods . first and the fourth periods , during which patients received placebo , were single-blind . treatment consisted of 80 mg of propranolol or 20 mg of nifedipine administered four times daily . second and the third periods , during which patients received propranolol or nifedipine crossing over to the alternative drug in the next period , were double-blind and separated by a 24-hour interval . fully abolished or reduced the number of spontaneous ischemic episodes in a significantly larger proportion of patients than did nifedipine ; it was also effective in several cases in which nifedipine had failed or had even caused a paradoxic effect . angiographic evaluation of the influences of nifedipine ( Group 1 , 12 patients , 10 mg sublingually ) and propranolol ( Group 2 , 12 patients , 0.1 mg/kg intravenously ) on the residual lumen diameter of one significant coronary stenosis in each patient showed that ( 1 ) after nifedipine , the lumen was unchanged in one , augmented in seven , and reduced in four cases ; ( 2 ) variations ranged between +1.59 and -1.2 mm , and their direction correlated closely with the influence of oral nifedipine on the episodes of spontaneous ischemia ; and ( 3 ) in no case did treatment with propranolol vary the stenosis lumen by more than 0.3 mm . this form of angina , a number of lesions seem to offer a compliant substrate for vasomotion and , possibly , for critical changes in flow . vasomotor influences of nifedipine on these lesions are variable as well as the efficacy of the drug on the manifestations of ischemia at rest . produces no important variations of the coronary stenotic lesions , causes a decrease of heart rate that facilitates coronary flow in diastole , and reduces the baseline metabolic demand of the heart so that the threshold of ischemia during critical reduction of coronary flow may become elevated ."
1084,Abstract #1084,"is a calcium and an NMDA-receptor antagonist and can modify important mechanisms of nociception . evaluated the co-analgesic effect of magnesium in the postoperative setting after on-pump cardiac surgery . patients randomly received either magnesium gluconate as an i.v. bolus of 0.21 mmol kg ( -1 ) ( 86.5 mg kg ( -1 ) ) followed by a continuous infusion of 0.03 mmol ( -1 ) kg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) ( 13.8 mg kg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) ) or placebo for 12 h after tracheal extubation . surgery , remifentanil was decreased to 0.05 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) and titrated according to a pain intensity score ( PIS , range 1-6 ) in the intubated , awake patient and a VAS scale ( range 1-100 ) after extubation . PIS was > or = 3 or VAS > or = 30 , the infusion was increased by 0.01 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ; if ventilatory frequency was < or = 10 min ( -1 ) it was decreased by the same magnitude . lowered the cumulative remifentanil requirement after surgery ( P < 0.05 ) . > or = 3 was more frequent in the placebo group ( P < 0.05 ) . increased remifentanil demand , VAS scores were also higher in the placebo group at 8 ( 2 vs 8 ) and 9 h after extubation ( 2 vs 7 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . reductions attributable to a ventilatory frequency < or = 10 min ( -1 ) occurred more often in the magnesium group ( 17 vs 6 ; P < 0.05 ) . , time to tracheal extubation was not prolonged . gluconate moderately reduced the remifentanil consumption without serious side-effects . opioid-sparing effect of magnesium may be greater at higher pain intensities and with increased dosages ."
1085,Abstract #1085,"E1 ( PGE1 ) has been used after orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT ) based on limited clinical data suggesting PGE1 infusion improves immediate hepatic allograft function . aim of this study was to conduct a randomized double-blinded multicenter trial to evaluate the effect of PGE1 on early hepatic and renal function in patients undergoing OLT . hundred eighteen patients were randomized to receive either PGE1 or crystalloid placebo intravenously after allograft revascularization . end points were incidence of primary allograft nonfunction ( PNF ) or severe renal dysfunction . incidence of PNF was 6.7 % ( 4 of 60 ) and 6.9 % ( 4 of 58 ) in the control and PGE1 groups , respectively . infusion was , however , associated with improved early renal function ( mean peak creatinine level of 1.4 + / - 1.0 and 2.0 + / - 1.0 in patients treated with PGE1 and placebo , respectively ; P < 0.001 ) . renal dysfunction occurred more frequently in the placebo group ( 26.7 % ) than in the PGE1 group ( 13.8 % ; P = 0.65 ) . , dialysis treatments were more frequent in the placebo group ( 0.7 + / - 2.0 per patient ) than in the PGE1 group ( 0.2 + / - 1.0 per patient ; P = 0.10 ) . intensive care unit stay was shorter in patients treated with PGE1 ( 4.0 + / - 3.6 days ) compared with controls ( 10.5 + / - 17.1 days ) ( P < 0.01 ) . administration after OLT resulted in improved renal function and decreased initial postoperative intensive care unit stay but did not affect the incidence of PNF ."
1086,Abstract #1086,"rhinitis ( AR ) is more appropriately termed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis owing to the equally bothersome nasal and ocular symptoms . evidence supports the ability of intranasal corticosteroids to reduce nasal symptoms of AR , although less evidence is available to define clearly their impact on allergic conjunctivitis . determine the effect of the intranasal corticosteroid mometasone furoate nasal spray ( NS ) on the ocular symptoms of seasonal AR . retrospective pooled analysis of 4 placebo-controlled clinical studies randomized patients 12 years and older with symptomatic seasonal AR to receive mometasone furoate NS , 200 microg once daily ( n = 491 ) , or placebo ( n = 492 ) . symptom ( eye tearing [ epiphora ] , itching [ pruritus ] , and redness [ erythema ] ) severity was rated by patients twice daily on a 4-point scale ( 0 = none to 3 = severe ) in the morning and evening , with scores averaged to obtain a daily mean score . variables were the pooled mean change from baseline in the averaged morning and evening total ocular symptom score ( TOSS ) and the individual ocular symptom scores . change in mean TOSS from baseline to days 1 to 15 was -1.33 ( -19.8 % ) with mometasone furoate NS and -0.93 ( -5.6 % ) with placebo ( P < .001 ) . in individual symptoms were significantly better with mometasone furoate NS than with placebo on days 2 ( tearing ) and 4 ( itching and redness ) . slightly greater reduction in TOSS was seen with mometasone furoate NS treatment in the evening than in the morning . detailed analysis of an intranasal corticosteroid on individual ocular symptoms supports the positive impact of mometasone furoate NS on ocular symptoms ."
1087,Abstract #1087,"effectiveness and subsequent influence on cognitive performance were investigated in older moderate drinkers ( ages 50-69 ; N = 30 ; 15 men ) following acute alcohol administration . , placebo-controlled alcohol administration techniques were designed to produce peak breath alcohol concentration levels consistent with an episode of social drinking ( approximately 40 mg/100 ml ) . performance , measured via a covert attentional processing task , was assessed . were also asked to rate their perceived levels of intoxication and impairment . placebo beverage was effective in older moderate drinkers , with 63 % of participants who received placebo reporting that they received alcohol . beverage effectiveness influenced cognitive performance . who received placebo , but reported they received alcohol , demonstrated slower reaction times on the covert attentional processing task , similar to those receiving alcohol . effects did not influence accuracy on the covert attentional processing task or self-reported measures of intoxication and impairment . expected , participants who received alcohol had less accuracy on the covert attentional processing task and more self-reported impairment and intoxication than those who received placebo , regardless of placebo effectiveness . results suggest that belief of having received a moderate dose of alcohol has an effect on reaction time similar to that of its pharmacological effect in older moderate drinkers . placebo effects are not novel , these findings suggest that cognitive processes are differentially affected . study of moderate doses and more complex real-world tasks is an important next step ."
1088,Abstract #1088,"compare the effect of phacoemulsification on the corneal endothelium using fortified balanced salt solution ( BSS Plus ) and Ringer lactate as the intraocular irrigating solution . Hinduja Hospital , Mumbai , India . randomized controlled double-blinded clinical study . with senile cataract up to nuclear grade III were randomized to have phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation performed using fortified balanced salt solution ( Group A ) or Ringer lactate ( Group B ) as the intraocular irrigating solution . corneal endothelial cell density ( primary outcome ) and pachymetry were measured preoperatively and 1 week and 1 and 6 months postoperatively . group comprised 35 eyes ( 35 patients ) . postoperative percentage of endothelial cell loss was not significantly different between the 2 groups at 1 week ( P = .582 ) , 1 month ( P = .668 ) , or 6 months ( 5.03 % and 8.35 % in Group A and Group B , respectively ) ( P = .483 ) and was within the limits reported in the literature . postoperative percentage change in pachymetry was not significantly different between the 2 groups at 1 week ( P = .179 ) or 1 month ( P = .170 ) but was significant at 6 months ( P < .001 ) ( -1.59 % and 0.54 % in Group A and Group B , respectively ) ; however , the mean pachymetry value was near baseline in both groups at 6 months . endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification with Ringer lactate was similar to that with fortified balanced salt solution over the long term ."
1089,Abstract #1089,"cavotricuspid isthmus ( CTI ) ablation can cure typical atrial flutter ( AFL ) , it might be difficult to achieve a bidirectional conduction block in the isthmus in some patients . investigated the usefulness of a steerable sheath for CTI ablation in patients with typical AFL or atrial fibrillation . total of 40 consecutive patients ( 36 males ; mean age 55.2 + / - 10.0 years ) undergoing CTI ablation were randomized to one of the following two groups : group S ( using a steerable long sheath ) or group NS ( using a non-steerable long sheath ) . was performed using an 8 mm tip catheter . anatomy of the CTI was evaluated by a dual-source computed tomography scan prior to the procedure . procedural endpoint was the achievement of a bidirectional isthmus conduction block . block in the CTI was achieved in all patients with 485.3 + / - 416.4 s of radiofrequency ( RF ) application . CTI anatomy , including the length , depth , and morphology , was similar between the two groups . duration and total amount of RF energy delivery were significantly shorter and smaller in group S than in group NS ( 310 + / - 193 vs. 661 + / - 504 s , P = 0.006 , and 12,197 + / - 7306 vs. 26,906 + / - 21,238 J , P = 0.006 , respectively ) . use of a steerable sheath reduced the time and amount of energy needed to achieve a bidirectional conduction block in the CTI . patients in whom the establishment of a conduction block is difficult , a steerable sheath should be considered as a therapeutic option for typical AFL ablation ."
1090,Abstract #1090,"of alcohol withdrawal syndrome ( AWS ) with benzodiazepines is limited by risk of abuse , intoxication , respiratory problems , and liver toxicity . such as carbamazepine and valproate may also have safety problems , such as hepatotoxicity or central nervous adverse effects . therefore investigated the safety and efficacy of levetiracetam ( LV ) , a newer antiepileptic with a potentially favorable adverse-effect profile , for the treatment of AWS . hundred six patients were enrolled in a prospective , randomized , double-blind , multicenter , placebo-controlled trial . was administered in a fixed dose schedule over 6 days . was added when symptom triggered as rescue medication . of the AWS was measured with the AWS and Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Scale . tolerability and safety data were similar in the LV group when compared with placebo , the total daily and weekly dose of diazepam as rescue medication and the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms did not differ significantly between groups . data so far do not support an additional effect of LV on the reduction of alcohol withdrawal symptoms ."
1091,Abstract #1091,"with advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) who have disease progression during or after first-line chemotherapy have limited treatment options . randomized , open-label , international , phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab , a fully human IgG4 programmed death 1 ( PD-1 ) immune-checkpoint-inhibitor antibody , as compared with docetaxel in this patient population . randomly assigned 272 patients to receive nivolumab , at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight every 2 weeks , or docetaxel , at a dose of 75 mg per square meter of body-surface area every 3 weeks . primary end point was overall survival . median overall survival was 9.2 months ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 7.3 to 13.3 ) with nivolumab versus 6.0 months ( 95 % CI , 5.1 to 7.3 ) with docetaxel . risk of death was 41 % lower with nivolumab than with docetaxel ( hazard ratio , 0.59 ; 95 % CI , 0.44 to 0.79 ; P < 0.001 ) . 1 year , the overall survival rate was 42 % ( 95 % CI , 34 to 50 ) with nivolumab versus 24 % ( 95 % CI , 17 to 31 ) with docetaxel . response rate was 20 % with nivolumab versus 9 % with docetaxel ( P = 0.008 ) . median progression-free survival was 3.5 months with nivolumab versus 2.8 months with docetaxel ( hazard ratio for death or disease progression , 0.62 ; 95 % CI , 0.47 to 0.81 ; P < 0.001 ) . expression of the PD-1 ligand ( PD-L1 ) was neither prognostic nor predictive of benefit . adverse events of grade 3 or 4 were reported in 7 % of the patients in the nivolumab group as compared with 55 % of those in the docetaxel group . patients with advanced , previously treated squamous-cell NSCLC , overall survival , response rate , and progression-free survival were significantly better with nivolumab than with docetaxel , regardless of PD-L1 expression level . Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb ; CheckMate 017 ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01642004 . )"
1092,Abstract #1092,"a randomized double-blind crossover trial , we compared the efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 ( PDE-5 ) inhibitor tadalafil with placebo in patients of Eisenmenger Syndrome ( ES ) . primary end point was the change in 6-minute walk test distance ( 6 MWD ) . end points were the effect of the drug on systemic oxygen saturation ( SO ( 2 ) ) , pulmonary vascular resistance ( PVR ) , systemic vascular resistance ( SVR ) , effective pulmonary blood flow ( EPBF ) , and World Health Organization ( WHO ) functional class . is a disorder with limited treatment options . studies have shown PDE-5 inhibitors to be beneficial in patients of ES . symptomatic adult patients of ES with weight 30kg in WHO class II and III were enrolled . were given 40 mg of tadalafil or matching placebo for 6 weeks followed by crossover to the other drug after a washout period of 2 weeks . of WHO class , exercise capacity by 6 MWD , and various hemodynamic parameters by cardiac catheterization was done at baseline , after 6 weeks and at the end of the study . patients completed the study . was significant increase in 6 MWD following drug administration compared with baseline ( 404.18 69.54 m vs. 357.75 73.25 m , P < .001 ) . with placebo , tadalafil produced significant decrease in PVR ( -7.32 1.58 , P < .001 ) , resulting in significant increase in EPBF ( 0.12 0.05 , P = .03 ) , SO ( 2 ) % ( 1.72 0.58 , P = .007 ) , and WHO functional class ( 1.96 0.18 vs. 2.14 0.44 , P = .025 ) , with no significant change in SVR ( P = NS ) . this first short-term placebo-controlled trial of tadalafil in patients of ES , the drug was well tolerated and significantly improved exercise capacity , functional class , SO ( 2 ) , and pulmonary hemodynamics ."
1093,Abstract #1093,"protects the heart from reperfusion injury . aim of this study was to investigate myocardial free radical production during reperfusion with and without allopurinol treatment in coronary artery bypass grafting patients randomized into allopurinol ( n = 14 ) or placebo ( n = 13 ) groups . ( 1 g ) was given blind prior to cardiopulmonary bypass and prior to opening the aorta . free radicals were measured before anesthesia in arterial blood , before cross-clamping and 1 and 10 min after reperfusion in arterial and coronary sinus blood . were measured as relative concentrations by the electron spin resonance method . minute after reperfusion the level of spin-trapped radicals in arterial blood was elevated significantly ( p = 0.016 ) in the allopurinol group , from 7.7 ( SE : 0.8 ) to 8.6 ( 1.4 ) and non-significantly ( p = 0.074 ) in the placebo group , from 7.3 ( 0.7 ) to 8.3 ( 0.8 ) . minutes after reperfusion the arterial values were 8.6 ( 1.5 ) in the allopurinol and 7.6 ( 0.7 ) in the placebo group , the sinus values being 7.6 ( 1.3 ) and 8.3 ( 0.8 ) , respectively . free radical production was -0.94 ( 1.21 ) in the allopurinol and +0.79 ( 0.96 ) in the placebo group after 10 min reperfusion , the difference being significant ( p = 0.043 ) . patients in both groups had an increasing tendency to free radical production during early reperfusion . treated with allopurinol showed less myocardial production of free radicals , indicating that its protective effect may be due to its antioxidative properties ."
1094,Abstract #1094,"observe the therapeutic effect and relevant mechanism of shuxuening Injection ( SI ) in treating patients with active ulcerative colitis ( UC ) . 91 patients with active UC were randomly assigned to 2 groups , 44 in the control group and 47 in the treatment group . in the control group received routine treatment , while patients in the treatment group additionally received intravenous injection of SI ( 15 mL ) , twice daily for 14 days in total . was performed before and after treatment . therapeutic effect was assessed by Mayo scoring system and the grading of activities evaluated by Baron endoscope . levels of IL-6 and TNF - were detected by ELISA . activity of SOD was detected by xanthine oxidase method . content of MDA was detected by thiobarbituricacid ( TBA ) . , 20 healthy subjects were recruited as the healthy control group . 82 patients completed the study ( 40 in the control group and 42 in the treatment group ) . was no statistical difference in serum levels of IL-6 , TNF - , SOD , MDA , the Mayo score and endoscope grading between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05 ) . with the healthy control group , serum levels of IL-6 , TNF - , MDA significantly increased ( P < 0.01 ) , and the serum SOD level decreased ( P < 0.05 ) in the treatment grup and the control group before treatment . with before treatment in the same group , serum levels of IL-6 , TNF - , MDA , the Mayo score and endoscope grading all decreased in the treatment group and the control group after treatment ( P < 0.01 , P < 0.05 ) . with the control group after treatment , serum levels of IL-6 , TNF - , MDA , the Mayo score and endoscope grading all decreased ( P < 0.01 , P < 0.05 ) , the serum SOD level increased ( P < 0.05 ) in the treatment group after treatment . serum SOD level was obviously negative correlated with serum levels of IL-6 , TNF-a , Mayo score , and endoscope score ( r = -0.621 , -0.638 , -0.509 , -0.787 , P < 0.01 ) . serum MDA level was obviously positive correlated with serum levels of IL-6 , TNF - , Mayo score , and endoscope score ( r = 0.711 , 0.882 , 0.525 , 0.639 , P < 0.01 ) . could improve inflammatory injury and clinical symptoms of patients with active UC , and its mechanism might be associated with antioxidant and scavenging oxygen free radicals ."
1095,Abstract #1095,"test whether adding hydrochlorothiazide ( HCTZ ) ( 12.5 or 25 mg ) to olmesartan 20 mg improves 24-h blood pressure in patients whose conventional diastolic blood pressure is inadequately controlled by olmesartan monotherapy . and female patients > or = 18 years with mean sitting diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) of 100-115 mmHg , mean sitting systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) greater than 150 mmHg , mean 24-h DBP of at least 84 mmHg , and at least 30 % of DBP daytime readings > 90 mmHg . weeks of single-blind treatment with olmesartan 20 mg once daily , followed in non-responders by 8 weeks of randomized double-blind treatment with placebo or HCTZ ( 12.5 or 25 mg ) once-daily , added to olmesartan . 25 mg added to olmesartan 20 mg decreased mean daytime DBP significantly more ( P = 0.0012 ) than placebo added to olmesartan 20 mg . to olmesartan monotherapy , mean 24-h DBP and SBP were significantly reduced by combination therapy with olmesartan/HCTZ 20/12 .5 mg ( -1.9 mmHg , P = 0.0167 and -3.9 mmHg , P = 0.0018 , respectively ) and 20/25 mg ( -3.7 and -7.4 mmHg respectively , P < 0.0001 for both ) . 24-h DBP and SBP and mean night-time SBP reductions were significantly greater for HCTZ 25 mg than for HCTZ 12.5 mg . rates ( mean daytime DBP assessed by ambulatory blood pressure measurement < or = 85 mmHg ) approximately doubled following the addition of HCTZ ( 12.5 mg = 57.6 % and 25 mg = 69.5 % ) . of olmesartan 20 mg with HCTZ provides significantly better 24-h blood pressure reduction than olmesartan monotherapy in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension . , increasing the dose of HCTZ from 12.5 to 25 mg is a reasonable step to reach better daytime and night-time blood pressure control ."
1096,Abstract #1096,"exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) are managed with increased doses or frequency of the patient 's existing bronchodilator therapy . use of formoterol in the treatment of mild acute exacerbations of COPD has been suggested ; however , a comparison of cumulative doses of formoterol with salbutamol , the gold standard bronchodilator agent for this pathologic condition , is still lacking . aim of the study was to compare the inhaled beta2-agonists salbutamol ( rapid onset , short duration of action ) and formoterol ( rapid onset , long duration of action ) , both used as needed in patients attending outpatient clinics because of mild acute exacerbations of COPD ( Anthonisen exacerbation type I or II ) . dose-response curve to formoterol via Turbuhaler or salbutamol via pressurized metered-dose inhaler ( pMDI ) was constructed . 2 consecutive days , the patients received , in randomized order , both of the following active dose regimens : A = 12 + 12 + 24 microg formoterol via Turbuhaler ( 48-microg cumulative metered dose ) ; B = 200 + 200 + 400 microg salbutamol via pMDI ( 800-microg cumulative metered dose ) . increments were given at 30-minute intervals , with measurements made 25 minutes after each dose . maximum forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV1 ) value during the dose-response curve to formoterol or salbutamol was chosen as the primary outcome variable to compare the 2 treatments . saturation by pulse oximetry ( SpO2 ) and pulse rate were also measured at each assessment period . adverse event , either reported spontaneously by the patients or observed by the investigators , was recorded . patients ( 2 women , 14 men ) aged 51 to 77 years ( most older than 65 years ) participated in the study . formoterol and salbutamol induced a large , significant , dose-dependent increase in FEV1 , inspiratory capacity ( IC ) , and forced vital ca - pacity ( FVC ) . was no significant difference between FEV1 , IC , and FVC values after 48 microg formoterol and 800 microg salbutamol . was no significant difference in FEV1 after 24 microg formoterol and 800 microg salbutamol ; however , the difference in FEV1 after 24 and 48 microg formoterol was significant . heart rate ( mean differences from baseline after 48 microg formoterol , 1.9 beats/min [ 95 % CI , -3.4 , 7.2 ] and 800 microg salbutamol , 3.7 beats/min [ 95 % CI , -1.1 , 8.5 ] ) nor SpO2 ( mean percentage differences from baseline after 48 microg formoterol , -0.37 % [ 95 % CI , -1.22 , 0.47 ] and 800 microg salbutamol , -0.75 % [ 95 % CI , -1.73 , 0.23 ] ) changed significantly . , SpO2 decreased below 90 % in 2 patients after the highest dose of formoterol and in 1 patient after the highest dose of salbutamol . this small , selected group of patients with mild acute exacerbations of COPD , formoterol via Turbuhaler induced a fast bronchodilation that was dose dependent and not significantly different from that caused by salbutamol . , formoterol appeared to be as well tolerated as salbutamol ."
1097,Abstract #1097,"association between expression of > or = two of five HLA class I antigens ( HLA-A2 , HLA-A28 , HLA-B44 , HLA-B45 , and HLA-C3 ; collectively called M5 ) and response to an allogeneic melanoma vaccine ( Melacine ; Corixa Corporation , Seattle , WA ) has been described in stage IV melanoma . study investigated whether class I antigen expression impacted relapse-free survival ( RFS ) after adjuvant therapy with this vaccine . performed class I ( HLA-A , HLA-B , and HLA-C ) serotyping on patients enrolled onto Southwest Oncology Group Trial 9035 , a randomized , observation-controlled , phase III trial of adjuvant Melacine . patients had clinically node-negative cutaneous melanoma ( 1.5 to 4.0 mm ) . between treatment and class I antigen expression were tested . involved all serotyped patients and were adjusted for tumor thickness , method of nodal staging , sex , ulceration , and primary tumor site . typing was performed on 553 ( 80 % ) of the 689 enrolled patients ( 294 vaccinated and 259 observed ) . of > or = two M5 antigens was associated with a superior vaccine treatment effect . patients who matched > or = two of the M5 , the 97 vaccine-treated patients had improved RFS compared with the 78 observation patients ( 5-year relapse-free survival , 83 % v 59 % ; P = .0002 ) . major components of this effect were contributed by HLA-A2 and HLA-C3 . those who were HLA-A2-positive and/or HLA-C3-positive , the 5-year RFS for vaccinated patients was 77 % , compared with 64 % for observation ( P = .004 ) . was no impact of HLA-A2 and/or HLA-C3 expression among observation patients . prospective analysis indicates a highly significant benefit of adjuvant therapy with Melacine among patients expressing > or = two of the M5 class I antigens , validating a prior observation in stage IV disease . and HLA-C3 contributed most to this effect . melanoma peptides found in Melacine may be presented by HLA-A2 and HLA-C3 and play a role in preventing relapse in vaccinated patients ."
1098,Abstract #1098,"assess and compare the effects of contact-lens based artificial pupil design and monovision correction on visual performance . a cross-over study design , 22 presbyopic patients ( age range 50 to 64 years ) were evaluated using artificial pupil contact lens on the non-dominant eye and monovision . 1 month , binocular distance visual acuity ( BDVA ) , binocular near visual acuity ( BNVA ) , defocus curve , binocular distance contrast sensitivity , binocular near contrast sensitivity , and stereoacuity were measured , under photopic conditions ( 85 cd/m2 ) , in each patient after contact lens fitting . , BDVA and binocular distance contrast sensitivity were examined under mesopic conditions ( 5 cd/m2 ) . artificial pupil contact lens and monovision BDVA were 0.02 0.04 and 0.00 0.09 logMAR for photopic conditions , and 0.16 0.06 and 0.13 0.12 logMAR for binocular near visual acuity under mesopic conditions , respectively . statistically significant differences were found between the two types of lenses at distance for both lighting levels ( p > 0.05 ) , but there were , however , significant differences at intermediate distances and near vision ( p < 0.05 ) . distance contrast sensitivity revealed statistically significant differences between artificial pupil contact lens and monovision for 1.5 cycles per degree ( cpd ) under photopic conditions , and 12 and 18 cpd under mesopic conditions ( p < 0.05 ) , respectively . significant differences for all spatial frequencies except for 1.5 cpd were found at near vision ( p < 0.05 ) . mean values of stereoacuity obtained for artificial pupil contact lens ( 221 32 sec arc ) were slightly worse than for monovision correction ( 210 49 sec arc ) , and statistically significant differences were not found ( p = 0.23 ) . performed better than an artificial pupil contact lens of the same material for near visual acuity and near contrast sensitivity . , the artificial pupil contact lens provides better intermediate visual acuity ."
1099,Abstract #1099,"study was designed to provide clinical outcome data for two treatments of the shortened dental arch ( SDA ) . a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial , patients with complete molar loss in one jaw were provided with either a partial removable dental prosthesis ( PRDP ) retained with precision attachments or treated according to the SDA concept preserving or restoring a premolar occlusion . implants were placed . primary outcome was tooth loss . 152 treated patients , 132 patients reached the 5-year examination . 5 years , 38 patients experienced tooth loss . the primary outcome tooth loss , the Kaplan-Meier survival rates at 5 years were 0.74 ( 95 % CI 0.64 , 0.84 ) in the PRDP group and 0.74 ( 95 % CI 0.63 , 0.85 ) in the SDA group . tooth loss in the study jaw , the survival rates at 5 years were 0.88 ( 95 % CI 0.80 , 0.95 ) in the PRDP group and 0.84 ( 95 % CI 0.74 , 0.93 ) in the SDA group . differences were not significant . Cox regression models of appropriate fit explaining tooth loss on the patient level could be found . overall treatment goals of a sustainable oral rehabilitation and the avoidance of further tooth loss over longer periods were not reliably achievable . influence of the type of prosthetic treatment on tooth loss might have been overestimated . our results , the patient 's view will gain even more importance in the clinical decision between removable and fixed restorations in SDAs ."
1100,Abstract #1100,"determine the efficacy of a skin care system developed with a partially neutralized glycolic compound and natural antioxidants when compared to Cetaphil moisturizing regimen for the treatment of photoaging of the face , eye and mouth . total of 36 patients between 35 and 65 years of age were randomized on a 3:1 ratio to use either Vivit Skin Care System or Cetaphil cleanser and moisturizer for 60 days . skin was evaluated at baseline , day 30 and day 60 . were required to fill out a self-evaluation of facial skin quality before , during , and after treatment . evaluated facial wrinkling using a common wrinkling scale as well as a visual evaluation of skin texture in a masked manner . similar proportion of patients in each group had a 1-point improvement on the hyperpigmentation scale ( 42 % of Vivit patients , 44 % of Cetaphil patients ) . were no statistically significant between-group differences in investigator rating of wrinkles . , patients preferred Vivit to Cetaphil for noticeable improvement in fine lines or wrinkles ( 37.6-0 % , respectively ) at the first follow-up . the final follow-up , more than half the patients in the Vivit group continued to notice an improvement in fine lines or wrinkles , compared with fewer than 25 % in the Cetaphil group . than twice the number of patients in the Vivit group noticed improvement in skin elasticity or tightness compared with those in the Cetaphil group . reported that the Vivit skin care system improved the appearance of wrinkling and improved skin texture associated with moderate photoaging of the face , eye and mouth areas . had a higher patient preference rating than a commonly used moisturizing regimen . were no differences noted in the physician evaluations ."
1101,Abstract #1101,"assess the numeracy and literacy skills of individuals with Type 1 diabetes and determine if there is a relationship with achieved glycaemic control independent of their duration of diabetes , diabetes education , demographic and socio-economic factors . hundred and twelve patients completed the study ( mean current age 43.8 12.5 years , 47 % male , mean duration of diabetes 22.0 13.2 years ) out of 650 randomly selected patients from the Bournemouth Diabetes and Endocrine Centre 's diabetes register . Skills for Life Initial Assessments were used to measure numeracy and literacy . indicate skills levels up to level 2 , equivalent to the national General Certificate of Secondary Education grades A * - C. HbA ( 1c ) was also measured . 's correlation was used to measure the correlation of numeracy and literacy scores with HbA ( 1c . ) compare mean HbA ( 1c ) between those with or without level 2 skills , t-tests were used , and multiple linear regression was used to investigate whether any differences were independent of duration of diabetes , diabetes education , demographic and socio-economic factors . was not associated with achieved HbA ( 1c ) . contrast , participants with numeracy skills at level 2 or above achieved an HbA ( 1c ) lower than those with numeracy skills below level 2 ( P = 0.027 ) . higher socio-economic status was associated with lower mean HbA ( 1c ) , the relationship between numeracy and HbA ( 1c ) appeared to be independent of socio-economic factors . numeracy skills were adversely associated with diabetes control . of numeracy skills may be relevant to the structure of diabetes education programmes ."
1102,Abstract #1102,"hypertension has long been recognized as a factor that might increase intraoperative blood losses in major orthopedic surgery , the effects of postoperative pain-induced hypertension on blood losses have not so far been evaluated . aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pain on perioperative blood losses of patients undergoing primary total knee replacement ( TKR ) . from patients participating in a randomized clinical trial comparing intravenous patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) ( N = 20 ) with PCA plus continuous femoral nerve ( three-in-one ) block ( N = 20 ) or PCA plus continuous posterior lumbar plexus ( psoas compartment ) block ( N = 20 ) were prospectively and retrospectively collected . between relevant variables and measured and calculated blood loss , number of transfused unit , and late ( 96 hours ) postoperative hemoglobin were tested by linear regressions . regressions for each of the four above-mentioned goals were constructed using a probability to enter of 0.25 and to leave of 0.1 . P < 0.05 was considered significant . the stepwise regressions there was a significant positive correlation between measured blood losses and morphine consumption from 12 to 18 hours ( P = 0.006 ) ; between calculated blood loss and preoperative mean arterial blood pressure ( P = 0.01 ) and preoperative hemoglobin value ( P = 0.02 ) ; and between late postoperative hemoglobin and body weight ( P = 0.047 ) . patients undergoing TKR , there is a significant correlation between measured blood loss and morphine consumption from 12 to 18 hours . is concluded that postoperative pain significantly influences postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing TKR ."
1103,Abstract #1103,"assess differences between manual wheelchairs and 3 pushrim-activated power-assisted wheelchairs ( PAPAWs ) : Servomatic A and B and E-motion . measures . hospital . with spinal cord injuries ( N = 52 ) . subjects propelled the wheelchairs on a dynamometer , 46 evaluated each wheelchair on indoor and outdoor courses , and 10 evaluated their ability to transfer themselves and their wheelchairs into and out of their car . consumption per unit time ( Vo2 ) and heart rate were measured during propulsion on the dynamometer . efficiency on the indoor and outdoor courses was evaluated on the basis of heart rate , completion time , handrim push frequency , and patient satisfaction . the dynamometer , decreases in Vo2 and heart rate were similar with the 3 PAPAWs compared with manual wheelchairs . the outdoor course , heart rate was significantly decreased by PAPAWs compared with manual wheelchairs and patient satisfaction was better with Servomatic devices than with the E-motion device . , the course completion time was longer with the E-motion wheelchair than with other wheelchairs in the overall population , and handrim push frequency was higher with the E-motion wheelchair than with other wheelchairs in the subgroup with T12 to L1 injuries . transfer ability was lower with PAPAWs than with manual wheelchairs . exist across PAPAWs . with E-motion , the 2 Servomatic PAPAWs were easier to use outdoors , and difficulty transferring into/out of the car was similarly increased with all 3 PAPAWs ."
1104,Abstract #1104,"lines of evidence suggest that cocaine expectancy and craving are two related phenomena . present study assessed this potential link by contrasting reactions to varying degrees of the drug 's perceived availability . seeking individuals with cocaine dependence were administered an intravenous bolus of cocaine ( 0.2 mg/kg ) under 100 % ( ` unblinded ' ; N = 33 ) and 33 % ( ` blinded ' ; N = 12 ) probability conditions for the delivery of drug . ratings of craving , high , rush and low along with heart rate and blood pressure measurements were collected at baseline and every minute for 20 minutes following the infusions . to the ` blinded ' subjects , their ` unblinded ' counterparts had similar craving scores on a multidimensional assessment several hours before the infusion , but reported higher craving levels on a more proximal evaluation , immediately prior to the receipt of cocaine . , the ` unblinded ' subjects displayed a more rapid onset of high and rush cocaine responses along with significantly higher cocaine-induced heart rate elevations . results support the hypothesis that cocaine expectancy modulates subjective and objective responses to the drug . the important public health policy implications of heavy cocaine use , health policy makers and clinicians alike may favor cocaine craving assessments performed in the settings with access to the drug rather than in more neutral environments as a more meaningful marker of disease staging and assignment to the proper level of care ."
1105,Abstract #1105,"cognitive impairment ( MCI ) is prevalent in heart failure , and can contribute to poor self-care and higher hospital readmissions . to improve self-care in patients with MCI have not been studied . randomized controlled trial aimed to test the effect of a targeted intervention on self-care , heart failure knowledge , and 30-day readmissions . study included 125 patients hospitalized for exacerbation of heart failure who screened positive for MCI . treatment group received a targeted self-care teaching intervention using principles of cognitive training . , heart failure knowledge , depression , and social support were assessed at baseline and 30 days post-discharge . heart failure knowledge scores improved significantly in the intervention group , but decreased in the control group ( P < 0.001 ) . controlling for other variables , patients in the intervention group showed a greater increase in heart failure knowledge than patients in the control group ( P = 0.027 ) . race was significantly associated with lower heart failure knowledge scores ( P = 0.030 ) . change scores for self-care showed greater improvement in the intervention group when compared with the control group ; however , this was not statistically significant . was no difference in readmission rates between the groups . is feasible to conduct a randomized controlled trial in patients with MCI . in the treatment group had greater heart failure knowledge at 30 days post-discharge ; however , this did not impact readmission rates . research is needed to describe how MCI affects self-care and knowledge , and how race and other factors may influence outcomes in this population ."
1106,Abstract #1106,evaluate the usefulness of an 80-kVp and compact contrast material protocol for arterial phase subtracted cerebral 3D-CTA using 256-slice multidetector CT. . patients underwent CT with 100 kVp and received a contrast dose of 370 mgI/kg body weight over 15 s ( protocol A ) . patients underwent CT with 100 kVp and received a contrast dose of 296 mgI/kg body weight over 10 s ( protocol B ) . other patients underwent CT with 80 kVp and received a contrast medium dose of 296 mgI/kg body weight over 10 s ( protocol C ) . compared the arterial attenuation and contrast noise ratio ( CNR ) of each protocol . independent readers assessed overall image quality . attenuation was significantly higher under protocols A ( 418.671.1 HU ) and C ( 442.779.3 HU ) than under protocol B ( 355.8107.2 HU ; P < 0.05 ) . CNR of protocol C ( 26.16.1 ) was higher than that of protocol A ( 20.78.4 ; P < 0.05 ) . overall image quality of protocol A was higher than that of protocol C ( P < 0.01 ) . 80-kVp plus compact contrast protocol is well suited to arterial phase subtracted cerebral 3D-CTA without confounding venous enhancement . 3D CT angiography is useful in the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms . compact contrast material protocol increased arterial attenuation without venous contamination . CT compensated for the decreased amount of contrast medium . 80-kVp CT with a compact enhancement bolus provides good intracranial 3D-CT angiography .
1107,Abstract #1107,"management requires serological monitoring after therapy . compared factors associated with serological response after treatment of early ( ie , primary , secondary , or early latent ) syphilis . performed secondary analyses of data from a prospective , randomized syphilis trial conducted in the United States and Madagascar . immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) - negative participants aged 18 years with early syphilis were enrolled from 2000-2009 . testing was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after treatment . 6 months , serological cure was defined as a negative rapid plasma reagin ( RPR ) test or a 4-fold decreased titer , and serofast status was defined as a 2-fold decreased titer or persistent titers that did not meet criteria for treatment failure . were available from 465 participants , of whom 369 ( 79 % ) achieved serological cure and 96 ( 21 % ) were serofast . bivariate analysis , serological cure was associated with younger age , fewer sex partners , higher baseline RPR titers , and earlier syphilis stage ( P .008 ) . was a less significant association with Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction after treatment ( P = .08 ) . analysis revealed interactions between log-transformed baseline titer with syphilis stage , in which the likelihood of cure was associated with increased titers among participants with primary syphilis ( adjusted odds ratio [ AOR ] for 1 unit change in log ( 2 ) titer , 1.83 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.25-2 .70 ) , secondary syphilis ( AOR , 3.15 ; 95 % CI , 2.14-4 .65 ) , and early latent syphilis ( AOR , 1.86 ; 95 % CI , 1.44-2 .40 ) . cure at 6 months after early syphilis treatment is associated with age , number of sex partners , Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction , and an interaction between syphilis stage and baseline RPR titer ."
1108,Abstract #1108,"that selenium affects the risk of type-2 diabetes is conflicting , with observational studies and a few randomized trials showing both lower and higher risk linked to the level of selenium intake and status . investigated the effect of selenium supplementation on the risk of type-2 diabetes in a population of relatively low selenium status as part of the UK PRECISE ( PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with SElenium ) pilot study . adiponectin concentration , a recognised independent predictor of type-2 diabetes risk and known to be correlated with circulating selenoprotein P , was the biomarker chosen . a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , five hundred and one elderly volunteers were randomly assigned to a six-month intervention with 100 , 200 or 300 g selenium/d as high-selenium or placebo yeast . concentration was measured by ELISA at baseline and after six months of treatment in 473 participants with one or both plasma samples available . ( SD ) plasma selenium concentration was 88.5 ng/g ( 19.1 ) at baseline and increased significantly in the selenium-treatment groups . baseline cross-sectional analyses , the fully adjusted geometric mean of plasma adiponectin was 14 % lower ( 95 % CI , 0-27 % ) in the highest than in the lowest quartile of plasma selenium ( P for linear trend = 0.04 ) . analyses across randomized groups , however , selenium supplementation had no effect on adiponectin levels after six months of treatment ( P = 0.96 ) . findings are reassuring as they did not show a diabetogenic effect of a six-month supplementation with selenium in this sample of elderly individuals of relatively low selenium status ."
1109,Abstract #1109,"serogroup B disease disproportionately affects infants . assessed lot-to-lot consistency , safety and immunogenicity , and the effect of concomitant vaccination on responses to routine vaccines of an investigational multicomponent vaccine ( 4CMenB ) in this population . did primary and booster phase 3 studies between March 31 , 2008 , and Aug 16 , 2010 , in 70 sites in Europe . used two series of sponsor-supplied , computer-generated randomisation envelopes to allocate healthy 2 month-old infants to receive routine vaccinations ( diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis , inactivated poliovirus , hepatitis B plus Haemophilus influenzae type b , and seven-valent pneumococcal vaccine ) at 2 , 4 , and 6 months of age alone , or concomitantly with 4CMenB or serogroup C conjugate vaccine ( MenC ) in : 1 ) an open-label , lot-to-lot immunogenicity and safety substudy of three 4CMenB lots compared with routine vaccines alone ( 1:1:1:1 , block size eight ) ; or 2 ) an observer-blind , lot-to-lot safety substudy of three 4CMenB lots compared with MenC ( 1:1:1:3 , block size six ) . 12 months , 4CMenB-primed children from either substudy were randomised ( 1:1 , block size two ) to receive 4CMenB booster , with or without measles-mumps-rubella-varicella ( MMRV ) vaccine . was assessed by serum bactericidal assay with human complement ( hSBA ) against serogroup B test strains , and on randomly selected subsets of serum samples for routine vaccines ; laboratory personnel were masked to assignment . first coprimary outcome was lot-to-lot consistency ( hSBA geometric mean ratio of all lots between 05 and 20 ) , and the second was an immune response ( hSBA titre 5 ) for each of the three strains . primary outcome for the booster study was immune response to booster dose . data for 4CMenB were for the modified intention-to-treat population , including all infants from the open-label substudy who provided serum samples . safety population included all participants who contributed safety data after at least one dose of study vaccine . trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , numbers NCT00657709 and NCT00847145 . enrolled 2627 infants in the open-label phase , 1003 in the observer-blind phase , and 1555 in the booster study . consistency was shown for the three 4CMenB lots , with the lowest 95 % lower confidence limit being 074 and the highest upper limit being 133 . 11811184 infants tested 1 month after three 4CMenB doses ( all lots pooled ) , 100 % ( 95 % CI 99100 ) had hSBA titres of 5 or more against strains selective for factor H binding protein and neisserial adhesin A , and 84 % ( 8286 ) for New Zealand outer-membrane vesicle . a subset ( n = 100 ) , 84 % ( 7591 ) of infants had hSBA titres of 5 or more against neisseria heparin binding antigen . 12 months of age , waning titres were boosted by a fourth dose , such that 95100 % of children had hSBA titres of 5 or more for all antigens , with or without concomitant MMRV . responses to routine vaccines were much the same with or without concomitant 4CMenB , but concomitant vaccination was associated with increased reactogenicity . % ( 1912 of 2478 ) of infants had fever of 385C or higher after any 4CMenB dose , compared with 45 % ( 295 of 659 ) after routine vaccines alone and 47 % ( 228 of 490 ) with MenC , but only two febrile seizures were deemed probably related to 4CMenB . is immunogenic in infants and children aged 12 months with no clinically relevant interference with routine vaccines , but increases reactogenicity when administered concomitantly with routine vaccines . breakthrough vaccine offers an innovative solution to the major remaining cause of bacterial meningitis in infant and toddlers . Vaccines and Diagnostics ."
1110,Abstract #1110,"compare chemotherapy with no chemotherapy as palliative treatment for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma . study . trial in France . 161 patients with histologically confirmed oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma located more than 5 cm from the mouth of the oesophagus , five were withdrawn because of protocol violation . remaining 156 patients , 149 men and 7 women , mean ( SD ) age 58 ( 9 ) years range 36 to 77 , were randomly allocated to either a control group without chemotherapy ( n = 84 ) or a group treated by chemotherapy ( n = 72 ) . were divided into four strata : I = complete resection of the tumour but with lymph node involvement ( n = 62 ) ; II = incomplete resection of tumour leaving gross tumour behind ( n = 58 ) ; III = no resection because of local or regional invasion ( n = 22 ) ; and IV = no resection because of distant metastasis ( n = 14 ) . criteria were histologically confirmed tracheobronchial involvement , oesophagotracheal fistula , Karnosky score < 50 , cerebral metastases , or hepatic metastases occupying more than 30 % of the liver , peritoneal carcinomatosis , associated or previously treated ear-nose-throat carcinoma , or complete resection of tumour without lymph node involvement . fluorouracil ( 5FU ) and cisplatin ( CDDP ) were given in 5-day courses , once every 28 days , for a maximum of eight cycles . FU , 1 g/m2 , was infused for 24 hours after a water overload , during five days . was given either in one dose of 100 mg/m2 at the beginning of the cycle or 20 mg/m2/day over three hours for five days . of treatment ranged from 6-8 months . and actuarial survival . subsidiary endpoint was quality of survival judged by complications of treatment , swallowing disorders , and the duration of ability to feed normally . was no difference in survival , either overall ( median = 12 months ) or in any of the strata . were however significantly more patients with neurological ( p < 0.003 ) , haematological ( p < 0.0001 ) , and renal ( p < 0.0002 ) complications in the treated group compared with the control group . patients ( 6 % ) died of complications of chemotherapy . course of swallowing disorders did not differ between the two groups . duration of autonomous oral feeding was exactly the same in both groups ( median = 10.5 months ) . results suggest that 5FU and CDDP do not help in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus whether or not the tumour has been resected ."
1111,Abstract #1111,"6 ( IL-6 ) plays a key role in the inflammatory cascade in rheumatoid arthritis . is a humanised , monoclonal antibody that potently binds IL-6 . conduct aphase II study to determine the efficacy and safety of BMS945429 in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate . were randomised 1:1:1:1 to BMS945429 ( 80 , 160 or 320 mg ; administered intravenously ) or placebo plus methotrexate during this 16-week , double-blind trial . primary efficacy end point was the proportion of patients with a 20 % improvement in American College of Rheumatology responses ( ACR20 ) at week 12 . end points included ACR50 and ACR70 responses and 28-joint Disease Activity Scores ( DAS28 ) . 127 randomised and treated patients , 116 completed the trial . responders at week 12 were 81 % ( 80 mg ; p < 0.0001 vs placebo ) , 71 % ( 160 mg ; p = 0.0005 vs placebo ) , 82 % ( 320 mg ; p < 0.0001 vs placebo ) and 27 % ( placebo ) , respectively . week 16 , 14 % ( 80 mg ) , 28 % ( 160 mg ) and 44 % ( 320 mg ) of BMS945429 patients were in DAS28 remission ( DAS28 score < 2.6 ) . significant and clinically meaningful improvements in health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) were reported in all active treatment groups . of BMS945429 was associated with increases in liver enzymes and in serum cholesterol . were no serious infections , infusion reactions or apparent immunogenicity . this phase II study , BMS945429 was associated with rapid and significant improvements in disease activity and HRQoL in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate ."
1112,Abstract #1112,"recent advances in the treatment of psoriasis , the therapeutic options for nail psoriasis are very limited , particularly when this is the only manifestation of the disease . performed a randomized controlled open-label study to assess the efficacy and safety of a topical treatment with tacrolimus 0.1 % ointment in nail psoriasis . each patient , tacrolimus 0.1 % ointment was prescribed for application only on the affected nails of a randomly selected hand for 12 weeks , whereas nails of the other hand did not receive any treatment . of nail psoriasis was evaluated using the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index ( NAPSI ) score . enrolled 21 consecutive psoriatic patients . week 12 , a statistically significant ( P < 0.001 ) improvement was obtained in the treated hands with respect to the hands used as control ( NAPSI score absolute change 13.0 and 3.0 respectively ) . of the enrolled patients concluded the period of treatment , but one patient was withdrawn from tacrolimus application after 9 weeks because of the appearance of acute paronychia . study showed that tacrolimus 0.1 % ointment may be an efficacious and safe therapeutic opportunity in the treatment of nail psoriasis . data should be confirmed by a double-blind study with a larger sample of patients ."
1113,Abstract #1113,"determine the value of continued donepezil treatment in patients with Alzheimer 's disease for whom clinical benefit was initially judged to be uncertain . study consisted of three phases : ( i ) a 12 - to 24-week , pre-randomisation , open-label donepezil-treatment phase ; ( ii ) a 12-week , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled phase ; and ( iii ) a 12-week , single-blind ( i.e. patient-blind ) donepezil-treatment phase . with mild to moderate Alzheimer 's disease received open-label treatment with donepezil ( 5 mg/day for 4 weeks , then 10 mg/day for the remainder of the phase ) for 12-24 weeks . who exhibited a decline or no change from baseline on the Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) and whose physician was not sufficiently certain of clinical benefit to warrant continued treatment were randomised into the double-blind phase in which patients received 12 weeks of treatment with donepezil ( 10 mg/day ) or placebo . the end of the double-blind phase , donepezil-treated patients continued to receive donepezil , while placebo-treated patients were rechallenged with donepezil , in a 12-week single-blind phase . were assessed at the start of the double-blind phase and at weeks 6 and 12 of this phase , and at the end of the single-blind phase . hundred and nineteen patients completed the open-label phase ; 69 % showed clear clinical benefit and 31 % showed uncertain benefit . patients were randomised to continued donepezil treatment ( n = 99 ) or placebo ( n = 103 ) . in favour of continued donepezil versus placebo were observed in cognition and behaviour . addition , there was a non-significant trend favouring donepezil in activities of daily living ( ADL ) [ week 12 observed case mean treatment differences : MMSE , 1.13 ( p = 0.02 ) ; Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale - cognitive subscale , 0.57 ( p = 0.5 ) ; the Neuropsychiatric Inventory , -3.16 ( p = 0.02 ) ; Disability Assessment for Dementia scale , 3.67 ( p = 0.1 ) ] . patients showed clear clinical benefit during initial donepezil treatment . patients for whom clinical benefit was uncertain , improvement in cognition and behaviour were observed for those who continued donepezil treatment compared with the group switched to placebo . decline or stabilisation does not necessarily indicate a lack of efficacy in Alzheimer 's disease , and the decision to discontinue treatment should be based on an evaluation of all domains ( cognition , behaviour and ADL ) and performed at several timepoints ."
1114,Abstract #1114,"nutritional intake during pregnancy may have important consequences for long-term health in offspring . objective was to follow up the offspring in 2 randomized trials of nutrient supplementation during pregnancy to investigate the effect on cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk in offspring . recruited offspring born during 2 trials in The Gambia , West Africa . trial provided protein-energy-dense food supplements ( 1015 kcal and 22 g protein/d ) to pregnant ( intervention , from 20 wk gestation until delivery ) or lactating ( control , for 20 wk from birth ) women and was randomized at the village level . second was a double-blind , individually randomized , placebo-controlled trial of calcium supplementation ( 1.5 g/d ) , which was also provided from 20 wk gestation until delivery . percent ( n = 1267 ) of children ( aged 11-17 y ) born during the protein-energy trial were recruited and included in the analysis , and 64 % ( n = 350 ) of children ( aged 5-10 y ) born during the calcium trial were recruited and included in the analysis . plasma glucose was marginally lower in children born to mothers receiving protein-energy supplements during pregnancy than in those children of the lactating group ( adjusted mean difference : -0.05 mmol/L ; 95 % CI : -0.10 , -0.001 mmol/L ) . were no other differences in CVD risk factors , including blood pressure , body composition , and cholesterol , between children born to intervention and control women from the protein-energy trial . calcium supplementation during pregnancy was unrelated to offspring blood pressure . data suggest that providing supplements to pregnant women in the second half of pregnancy may have little effect on the CVD risk of their offspring , at least in this setting and at the ages studied here . trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN96502494 ."
1115,Abstract #1115,"evaluate the pharmacokinetics and thermal and mechanical antinociceptive effects of a fentanyl constant rate infusion ( CRI ) in conscious cats . healthy adult cats . a 14-day interval , 7 cats received a loading dose ( LD ) of fentanyl ( 5 g/kg , IV [ administered at 0 hours ] ) followed by fentanyl infusion ( 5 g/kg/h , IV ) for 2 hours or similar administrations of equivalent volumes of 0.9 % saline ( NaCl ) solution . cat received only the fentanyl treatment . both treatments , sedation and adverse events were evaluated and mechanical threshold ( MT ) and thermal threshold ( TT ) testing was performed prior to ( baseline ) and at predetermined times up to 26 hours after LD administration ; plasma fentanyl concentrations were determined at similar times when the cats received fentanyl . induced mild sedation during the infusion . only adverse effect associated with fentanyl LD administration was profuse salivation ( 1 cat ) . solution administration did not significantly change MT or TT over time . the duration of the CRI , MT and TT differed significantly between treatments , except for TT 1 hour after LD administration . the fentanyl treatment , MT and TT were significantly higher than baseline at 0.25 to 0.75 hours and at 0.25 to 1 hour , respectively . the fentanyl CRI , mean SD plasma fentanyl concentration decreased from 4.41 1.86 ng/mL to 2.99 1.28 ng/mL and was correlated with antinociception ; plasma concentrations < 1.33 0.30 ng/mL were not associated with antinociception . CRI ( 5 g/kg/h ) induced mechanical and thermal antinociception in cats ."
1116,Abstract #1116,"evidence exists on the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin administered as part of percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) in patients with an acute coronary syndrome . randomly assigned 7213 patients with an acute coronary syndrome for whom PCI was anticipated to receive either bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin . in the bivalirudin group were subsequently randomly assigned to receive or not to receive a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion . outcomes for the comparison between bivalirudin and heparin were the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events ( a composite of death , myocardial infarction , or stroke ) and net adverse clinical events ( a composite of major bleeding or a major adverse cardiovascular event ) . primary outcome for the comparison of a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion with no post-PCI infusion was a composite of urgent target-vessel revascularization , definite stent thrombosis , or net adverse clinical events . rate of major adverse cardiovascular events was not significantly lower with bivalirudin than with heparin ( 10.3 % and 10.9 % , respectively ; relative risk , 0.94 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.81 to 1.09 ; P = 0.44 ) , nor was the rate of net adverse clinical events ( 11.2 % and 12.4 % , respectively ; relative risk , 0.89 ; 95 % CI , 0.78 to 1.03 ; P = 0.12 ) . bivalirudin infusion , as compared with no infusion , did not significantly decrease the rate of urgent target-vessel revascularization , definite stent thrombosis , or net adverse clinical events ( 11.0 % and 11.9 % , respectively ; relative risk , 0.91 ; 95 % CI , 0.74 to 1.11 ; P = 0.34 ) . patients with an acute coronary syndrome , the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and net adverse clinical events were not significantly lower with bivalirudin than with unfractionated heparin . rate of the composite of urgent target-vessel revascularization , definite stent thrombosis , or net adverse clinical events was not significantly lower with a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion than with no post-PCI infusion . Funded by the Medicines Company and Terumo Medical ; MATRIX ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01433627 . )"
1117,Abstract #1117,"populations can be reached with Web-based disease prevention and behavior change programs . , such eHealth applications on the Internet need to generate return usage to be effective . evidence is available on how continued usage can be encouraged . analysis tested whether routine email notification about a nutrition education website promoted more use of the website . from six rural counties in Colorado and New Mexico , United States ( n = 755 ) participating in a randomized trial and assigned to the intervention group ( n = 380 ) received , over a period of 4 months , email messages alerting them to updates on the website , along with hyperlinks to new content . alerts were sent approximately every 5 weeks ( each participant received up to 4 messages ) . to the website were the primary outcome for this analysis . total of 23.5 % ( 86/366 ) of the participants responded to at least one email , and 51.2 % ( 44/86 ) of these participants responded to half of the email messages by logging on to the website . more log-ons occurred on email notification days compared to all other days ( OR = 3.71 , 95 % CI = 2.72-5 .06 ) . log-ons also occurred just after the notification but declined each day thereafter ( OR = 0.97 , 95 % CI = 0.96-0 .98 one day further from mass email ) . ( OR = 0.46 , 95 % CI = 0.26-0 .84 ) , older participants ( OR = 1.04 , 95 % CI = 1.04-1 .06 ) , and those using the Internet most recently ( OR = 0.62 , 95 % CI = 0.51-0 .77 ) were more likely to log on . to the messages had a more positive change in fruit and vegetable intake ( mean change = +1.69 ) than nonresponders ( +0.05 ) , as measured with a food frequency assessment ( adjusted Spearman partial correlation coefficient = 0.14 , P = .049 ) . to nonresponders , responders were more likely to be non-Hispanic ( P = .01 ) , older ( P < .001 ) , and had used the Internet more recently ( P < .001 ) . sent by email appeared to promote a modest short-lived increase in use of a disease prevention website by some adults . who responded to the messages by logging on to the website may have been influenced to improve their diet ."
1118,Abstract #1118,"studied whether partial versus full subsidization and self versus other monitoring promote adherence to physician-prescribed exercise . randomly assigned 132 participants to experimental conditions defined by two levels of subsidization and two types of monitoring . wrote prescriptions as referrals to an exercise facility . computer recorded participants ' exercise for 12 weeks . sponsoring medical organization paid half or all of the facility 's fees . of the participants kept records of workouts , and half reported workouts to researchers who telephoned them . subsidized patients averaged 21.41 workouts versus 16.67 workouts by partially subsidized patients ( p < .05 ) . participants averaged 22.14 workouts versus 15.96 workouts by self-monitored participants ( p < .01 ) . subsidization and third-party monitoring increased exercise rates . findings encourage use of both to enhance prescribed exercise rates and continued study of factors that contribute to the efficacy of prescribed exercise ."
1119,Abstract #1119,"compare the effects of intra-articular ( IA ) versus IV administration of morphine on local and systemic inflammatory responses in horses with experimentally induced acute synovitis . horses . horse received the following 2 treatments 4 hours after synovitis was induced : IA administration of morphine ( 0.05 mg/kg ) with IV administration of 1 mL of saline ( 0.9 % NaCl ) solution/100 kg , and IA administration of 1 mL of saline solution/100 kg with IV administration of morphine ( 0.05 mg/kg ) . were administered in randomized order with a washout period of 3 weeks between treatments . each treatment , aseptic synovitis was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide into a radiocarpal joint . the second treatment , the contralateral radiocarpal joint was selected . swelling and skin temperature over the treated joints were recorded . examinations were performed , and blood WBC count , serum amyloid A ( SAA ) concentration , serum cortisol concentration , synovial fluid WBC count , synovial fluid total protein ( TP ) concentration , and synovial fluid SAA concentration were measured before and repeatedly during each of the two 168-hour study periods . were analyzed by use of ANOVA with repeated measures . administration of morphine resulted in significantly less joint swelling and lower synovial fluid TP and serum and synovial fluid SAA concentrations , and blood WBC count than did IV administration of morphine . administration of morphine exerted anti-inflammatory properties in horses with experimentally induced acute synovitis , supporting its use as a part of a balanced analgesic protocol ."
1120,Abstract #1120,"use is common among emergency department ( ED ) patients , many of whom have low income . objective is to study the efficacy of an intervention incorporating motivational interviewing , nicotine replacement , and quitline referral for adult smokers in an ED . was a 2-arm randomized clinical trial conducted from October 2010 to December 2012 in a northeastern urban US ED with 90,000 visits per year . subjects were aged 18 years or older , smoked , and were self-pay or had Medicaid insurance . subjects received a motivational interview by a trained research assistant , 6 weeks ' worth of nicotine patches and gum initiated in the ED , a faxed referral to the state smokers ' quitline , a booster call , and a brochure . subjects received the brochure , which provided quitline information . primary outcome was biochemically confirmed tobacco abstinence at 3 months . endpoints included quitline use . 778 enrolled subjects , 774 ( 99.5 % ) were alive at 3 months . prevalence of biochemically confirmed abstinence was 12.2 % ( 47/386 ) in the intervention arm versus 4.9 % ( 19/388 ) in the control arm , for a difference in quit rates of 7.3 % ( 95 % confidence interval 3.2 % to 11.5 % ) . multivariable logistic modeling controlling for age , sex , and race or ethnicity , study subjects remained more likely to be abstinent than controls ( odds ratio 2.72 ; 95 % confidence interval 1.55 to 4.75 ) . intensive intervention improved tobacco abstinence rates in low-income ED smokers . approximately 20 million smokers , many of whom have low income , visit US EDs annually , these results suggest that ED-initiated treatment may be an effective technique to treat this group of smokers ."
1121,Abstract #1121,"state index ( PSI ) and bispectral index ( BIS ) are values derived from the EEG , which can measure the hypnotic component of anaesthesia . measured the ability of PSI and BIS to distinguish consciousness from unconsciousness during induction and emergence from anaesthesia and a period of awareness in surgical patients . unpremedicated patients were randomized to receive : ( 1 ) sevoflurane/remifentanil ( < or = 0.1 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ) , ( 2 ) sevoflurane/remifentanil ( > or = 0.2 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ) , ( 3 ) propofol/remifentanil ( < or = 0.1 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ) , ( 4 ) propofol/remifentanil ( > or = 0.2 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ) . 30 s after the start of the remifentanil , patients were asked to squeeze the investigator 's hand . or propofol were given until loss of consciousness ( LOC1 ) . 's isolated forearm technique was used during neuromuscular block with succinylcholine . tracheal intubation , propofol or sevoflurane were stopped until return of consciousness ( ROC1 ) . or sevoflurane were re-started to induce LOC2 . surgery , drugs were discontinued and recovery ( ROC2 ) was observed . and BIS at LOC ( LOC1 and LOC2 ) were compared with those at ROC ( ROC1 and ROC2 ) ( t-test ) . probability ( P ( k ) ) was calculated from values at the last command before and at LOC and ROC . are mean ( SD ) . non-responsiveness , BIS ( 66 ( 17 ) ) and PSI ( 55 ( 23 ) ) were significantly less than at responsiveness ( BIS , 79 ( 14 ) ; PSI , 77 ( 18 ) ; P < 0.05 ) . wide variation with both BIS and PSI measurements of the 80 ` awareness ' values led to an erroneous classification as unconscious in some cases ( BIS , six patients ; PSI , nine patients ) . ( k ) was 0.68 ( 0.03 ) ( BIS ) and 0.69 ( 0.03 ) ( PSI ) . significant differences between mean values at responsiveness and non-responsiveness for BIS and PSI , neither measure may be sufficient to detect awareness in an individual patient , reflected by a P ( k ) less than below 70 % ."
1122,Abstract #1122,"development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure following an acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) is a powerful marker of an adverse prognosis . MI could be an important cause of death , either directly or by provoking arrhythmias . OPTIMAAL trial randomized 5477 patients with heart failure or evidence of left ventricular dysfunction following acute MI to losartan or captopril . a follow-up of 2.7 years , there were 946 deaths . the 180 ( 19 % ) of these deaths for which autopsy reports were available , acute MI was found in 57 % ( 102 of 180 ) of the autopsies . comparison , an endpoints adjudication committee using clinical data attributed death to acute MI in only 29 cases . acute MI was found at autopsy in 55 % ( 37 of 67 ) of the deaths that had been classified as due to an arrhythmia and in 81 % ( 21 of 26 ) of the deaths classified as due to progressive heart failure . autopsy diagnoses , the rate of acute MI in patients who died suddenly was independent of the time elapsed since the index MI , but in patients not classified as dying suddenly , there was a time-related decrease in recurrent MI from 78 % in the first 30 days to 30 % by the end of follow-up . , only 19 % of patients who died underwent autopsy , so recurrent MI may have been substantially more common and perhaps had a different relation to time since the index MI if more patients had undergone autopsy . patients with evidence of major cardiac dysfunction after MI , recurrent MI found at autopsy is common and has often not been clinically detected ."
1123,Abstract #1123,"with recent stroke or TIA are at high risk for new vascular events . evidence based strategies in secondary prevention of stroke are available but frequently underused . programs with multifactorial risk factor modifications after stroke or TIA have not been investigated in large-scale prospective controlled trials so far . is a prospective , multi-center , randomized open intervention trial for intensified secondary prevention after minor stroke and TIA . with acute TIA or minor stroke admitted to the participating stroke centers are screened and recruited during in-hospital stay . are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to intervention ( support program ) and control ( usual care ) arms . of 2.082 patients is planned . support program includes cardiovascular risk factor measurement and feedback , monitoring of medication adherence , coaching in lifestyle modifications , and active involvement of relatives . motivational interviewing is used to assess and enhance patients ' motivation . objective is a reduction of new major vascular events defined as nonfatal stroke and myocardial infarction or vascular death . time is planned for 3.5 years , follow up time is at least 2 years for every patient resulting in a total study time of 5 years ( first patient in to last patient out ) . the high risk for vascular re-events in acute stroke and the available effective strategies in secondary prevention , the INSPIRE-TMS support program has the potential to lead to a relevant reduction of recurrent events and a prolongation of the event-free survival time . trial will provide the basis for the decision whether an intensified secondary prevention program after stroke should be implemented into regular care . cost-effectiveness evaluation will be performed . : 01586702 ."
1124,Abstract #1124,"determine whether azithromycin or amoxicillin is more efficacious for the treatment of erythema migrans skin lesions , which are characteristic of Lyme disease . , double-blind , double-dummy , multicenter study . manifestations and sequelae were assessed using a standardized format . clinical characteristics and response were correlated with serologic results . were followed for 180 days . outpatient centers in eight states . adult patients with erythema migrans lesions at least 5 cm in diameter were enrolled and were stratified by the presence of flu-like symptoms ( such as fever , chills , headache , malaise , fatigue , arthralgias , and myalgias ) before randomization . treatment with either amoxicillin , 500 mg three times daily for 20 days , or azithromycin , 500 mg once daily for 7 days . who received azithromycin also received a dummy placebo so that the dosing schedules were identical . 217 evaluable patients , those treated with amoxicillin were significantly more likely than those treated with azithromycin to achieve complete resolution of disease at day 20 , the end of therapy ( 88 % compared with 76 % ; P = 0.024 ) . azithromycin recipients ( 16 % ) than amoxicillin recipients ( 4 % ) had relapse ( P = 0.005 ) . partial response at day 20 was highly predictive of relapse ( 27 % of partial responders had relapse compared with 6 % of complete responders ; P < 0.001 ) . patients treated with azithromycin , development of an antibody response increased the possibility of achieving a complete response ( 81 % of seropositive patients achieved a complete response compared with 60 % of seronegative patients ; P = 0.043 ) . with multiple erythema migrans lesions were more likely than patients with single erythema migrans lesions ( P < 0.001 ) to have a positive antibody titer at baseline ( 63 % compared with 17 % for IgM ; 39 % compared with 16 % for IgG ) . percent of patients who had relapse were seronegative at the time of relapse . 20-day course of amoxicillin was found to be an effective regimen for erythema migrans . patients were seronegative for Borrelia burgdorferi at the time of presentation with erythema migrans ( 65 % ) and at the time of relapse ( 57 % ) ."
1125,Abstract #1125,"of analgesia and antinociception during anaesthesia is still a challenging issue and routinely based on indirect and non-specific signs such as movement , tachycardia , or lacrimation . , the surgical pleth index ( SPI ) derived by finger plethysmography was introduced to detect nociceptive stimulation during anaesthesia . SPI guidance reduced the number of unwanted events during total i.v. anaesthesia ( TIVA ) , the impact of SPI during volatile-based anaesthesia with intermittent opioid administration has not yet been elucidated . patients were randomized into either SPI-guided analgesia or standard practice ( Control ) . both groups , anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane to keep bispectral index values between 40 and 60 . the SPI group , patients received a sufentanil bolus ( 10 g ) whenever SPI value increased above 50 , whereas in the control group , sufentanil was administered according to standard clinical practice . number of unwanted somatic events , haemodynamics , sufentanil consumption , and recovery times were recorded . incidence of intraoperative unwanted somatic events was comparable between the groups ( P = 0.89 ) . significant differences with respect to hypotensive or hypertensive events were found . mean ( 95 % confidence interval ) sufentanil consumption was non-significantly ( P = 0.07 ) reduced in the SPI group , 0.64 ( 0.57-0 .71 ) vs 0.78 ( 0.64-0 .91 ) g min ( -1 ) . times were comparable between the groups . administration guided by SPI during sevoflurane anaesthesia is clinically feasible . contrast to TIVA , it did not improve anaesthesia conduct with respect to unwanted somatic events , haemodynamic stability , sufentanil consumption , emergence time , or post-anaesthesia care unit care . , we conclude that anaesthesia regimen has an impact on beneficial effects by SPI guidance . trial registration NCT01525537 . Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov . )"
1126,Abstract #1126,"optimal treatment strategy for elderly patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma has not been defined to date . authors performed a retrospective analysis of a Phase III trial that treated patients who had Stage IIIB or IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma with carboplatin and paclitaxel and analyzed the impact of age on response rate , survival , toxicity , and quality of life . with Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were randomized to receive either 4 cycles of carboplatin at an area under the curve ( AUC ) of 6 and paclitaxel at a dose of 200 mg/m ( 2 ) every 21 days or treatment with carboplatin and paclitaxel ( C/P ) until they developed disease progression . the time of disease progression , all patients on both arms were to receive second-line weekly paclitaxel at a dose of 80 mg/m ( 2 ) per week . this analysis , patients age 70 years and older were compared with patients younger than age 70 years . addition , a minimum log rank P value analysis was performed in an attempt to identify other potential age splits that may have been significant . hundred thirty patients were randomized . patients were age 70 years or older ( 29 % ) . median number of cycles delivered for both age groups was 4 cycles ( range , 0-19 cycles ) . statistically significant differences in any of the most common toxicities ( Grade > or = 2 ) associated with C/P were identified ( data from Cycles 1-4 ) for patients younger than age 70 years compared with patients age 70 years and older , respectively , including neutropenia ( 38 % vs. 35 % ) , neuropathy ( 13 % vs. 16 % ) , leukopenia ( 7 % vs. 13 % ) , myalgia/arthralgia ( 15 % vs. 9 % ) , malaise ( 8 % vs. 15 % ) , anemia ( 9 % vs. 4 % ) , thrombocytopenia ( 7 % vs. 9 % ) , anorexia ( 8 % vs. 4 % ) , and nausea/emesis ( 14 % vs. 15 % ) . addition , no potential age splits that may have been significant were found using a minimum log rank P value analysis . current analysis demonstrated that C/P exhibited similar toxicity profiles in patients age 70 years and older compared with patients younger than age 70 years . survival rates were not different between the two age groups , and there was no difference in progression of quality-of-life outcomes . fit , elderly patients , C/P represented a reasonable standard regimen ."
1127,Abstract #1127,"assess the cost effectiveness and cost effectiveness acceptability of symptom control delivered by shared care ( SCSC ) and aggressive treatment delivered in hospital ( ATH ) for established rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . data were collected within the British Rheumatoid Outcome Study Group randomised controlled trial of SCSC and ATH . broad perspective was used ( UK National Health Service , social support services and patients ) . per quality adjusted life year ( QALY ) gained , net benefit statistics and cost effectiveness acceptability curves were estimated . and outcomes were discounted at 3.5 % . analysis tested the robustness of the results to analytical assumptions . mean ( SD ) cost per person was 4540 pounds ( 4700 ) in the SCSC group and 4440 pounds ( 4900 ) in the ATH group . mean ( SD ) QALYs per person for 3 years were 1.67 ( 0.56 ) in the SCSC group and 1.60 ( 0.60 ) in the ATH group . decision makers are prepared to pay > or = 2000 pounds to gain 1 QALY , SCSC is likely to be cost effective in 60-90 % of cases . primary economic analysis and sensitivity analyses indicate that SCSC is likely to be more cost effective than ATH in 60-90 % of cases . result seems to be robust to assumptions required by the analysis . study is one of a limited number of randomised controlled trials to collect detailed resource use and health status data and estimate the costs and QALYs of treatment for established RA . trial is one of the largest RA studies to use the EuroQol ."
1128,Abstract #1128,"treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhosis is of singular importance because of the high mortality rate . portacaval shunt is rarely used today because of the belief , unsubstantiated by long-term randomized trials , that it causes frequent portal-systemic encephalopathy and liver failure . , portacaval shunt has been relegated solely to salvage therapy when endoscopic and pharmacologic therapies have failed . the regimen of endoscopic sclerotherapy with rescue portacaval shunt for failure to control bleeding varices superior to emergency portacaval shunt ? unique opportunity to answer this question was provided by a randomized controlled trial of endoscopic sclerotherapy versus emergency portacaval shunt conducted from 1988 to 2005 . consecutive cirrhotic patients with acute bleeding esophageal varices were randomized to endoscopic sclerotherapy ( n = 106 ) or emergency portacaval shunt ( n = 105 ) . workup was completed and treatment was initiated within 8 h. Failure of endoscopic sclerotherapy was defined by strict criteria and treated by rescue portacaval shunt ( n = 50 ) whenever possible . percent of patients had more than 10 years of follow-up or until death . of emergency portacaval shunt and endoscopic sclerotherapy followed by rescue portacaval shunt showed the following differences in measurements of outcomes : ( 1 ) survival after 5 years ( 72 % versus 22 % ) , 10 years ( 46 % versus 16 % ) , and 15 years ( 46 % versus 0 % ) ; ( 2 ) median post-shunt survival ( 6.18 versus 1.99 years ) ; ( 3 ) mean requirements of packed red blood cell units ( 17.85 versus 27.80 ) ; ( 4 ) incidence of recurrent portal-systemic encephalopathy ( 15 % versus 43 % ) ; ( 5 ) 5-year change in Child 's class showing improvement ( 59 % versus 19 % ) or worsening ( 8 % versus 44 % ) ; ( 6 ) mean quality of life points in which lower is better ( 13.89 versus 27.89 ) ; and ( 7 ) mean cost of care per year ( $ 39,200 versus $ 216,700 ) . differences were highly significant in favor of emergency portacaval shunt ( all p < 0.001 ) . portacaval shunt was strikingly superior to endoscopic sclerotherapy as well as to the combination of endoscopic sclerotherapy and rescue portacaval shunt in regard to all outcome measures , specifically bleeding control , survival , incidence of portal-systemic encephalopathy , improvement in liver function , quality of life , and cost of care . results strongly support the use of emergency portacaval shunt as the first line of emergency treatment of bleeding esophageal varices in cirrhosis ."
1129,Abstract #1129,"of HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B is not effective in most . combination of immunomodulatory pegylated interferon alfa-2b and antiviral lamivudine might improve the rate of sustained response . HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B were assigned combination therapy ( 100 microg/week pegylated interferon alfa-2b and 100 mg/day lamivudine ) or monotherapy ( 100 microg/week pegylated interferon alfa-2b and placebo ) for 52 weeks . weeks 32-52 the pegylated interferon dose was 50 microg/week in both treatment groups . analyses were based on the modified intention-to-treat population after exclusion of 24 patients from one centre withdrawn for misconduct , ten who lost HBeAg before the study start , and seven who received no study medication . included patients were followed up for 26 weeks after treatment . ( 36 % ) of 136 patients assigned monotherapy and 46 ( 35 % ) of 130 assigned combination therapy had lost HBeAg at the end of follow-up ( p = 0.91 ) . of the combination-therapy than of the monotherapy group had cleared HBeAg at the end of treatment ( 57 [ 44 % ] vs 40 [ 29 % ] ; p = 0.01 ) but relapsed during follow-up . were similar when response was assessed by suppression of serum hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) DNA or change in concentrations of alanine aminotransferase . rates ( HBeAg loss ) varied by HBV genotype ( p = 0.01 ) : A , 42 ( 47 % ) patients ; B , ten ( 44 % ) ; C , 11 ( 28 % ) ; and D , 26 ( 25 % ) . with pegylated interferon alfa-2b is effective for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Combination with lamivudine in the regimen used is not superior to monotherapy . genotype is an important predictor of response to treatment ."
1130,Abstract #1130,", a new enantiomerically pure synthetic statin , has shown a marked low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol reduction at doses ranging from 10 to 80 mg/d . trial was designed to compare the efficacy of atorvastatin 10 mg with simvastatin 10 mg and 20 mg , the latter dose being commonly used in some countries . parallel group , randomized , PROBE , multicenter study was conducted to compare the efficacy of 10 mg/d atorvastatin with that of 10 mg/d simvastatin and 20 mg/d simvastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia . a 6-week diet-placebo lead-in period , 272 patients with LDL cholesterol > or = 160 mg/dL and triglycerides < or = 300 mg/dL were randomized to 6 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg ( 109 patients ) , simvastatin 20 mg ( 109 patients ) , or simvastatin 10 mg ( 54 patients ) . the main analysis , which tested the equivalence of atorvastatin 10 mg and simvastatin 20 mg , the mean percent change in LDL cholesterol for atorvastatin 10 mg ( -37.0 % ) was greater than and not equivalent to simvastatin 20 mg ( -33.8 % ) . the secondary analysis , which compared the efficacy of atorvastatin 10 mg with that of simvastatin 10 mg , the mean decrease in LDL cholesterol was significantly greater ( P < .001 ) for atorvastatin 10 mg than for simvastatin 10 mg ( -37.0 % vs. -28.9 % ) . two drugs were well tolerated , with an incidence of clinical and biochemical side effects similar among the 3 treatment groups . primary hypercholesterolemia , atorvastatin 10 mg was more effective and nonequivalent to simvastatin 20 mg and significantly more effective than simvastatin 10 mg for reducing LDL cholesterol levels ."
1131,Abstract #1131,"pegol , a polyethylene glycolated Fc-free Fab ' was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn 's disease in a previously reported randomized , placebo-controlled study . this paper , we report the effect of certolizumab pegol on health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) . with moderate-to-severe active Crohn 's disease ( n = 292 ) received subcutaneous certolizumab pegol 100 , 200 , or 400 mg or placebo at weeks 0 , 4 , and 8 . post hoc analysis of the intent-to-treat population ( 290 patients with HRQoL data ) assessed HRQoL by evaluating patients ' responses to the self-administered inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire ( IBDQ ) at baseline and weeks 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , and 12 . receiving certolizumab pegol 400 mg at weeks 0 , 4 , and 8 demonstrated , via their IBDQ total score , significantly ( P < or = 0.05 ) greater improvement in HRQoL from baseline to week 12 and at all other time points compared with placebo . , HRQoL improved over time in all certolizumab pegol groups , irrespective of baseline C-reactive protein levels . well-being ( IBDQ Emotional Function domain ) improved throughout the study for patients receiving certolizumab pegol 400 mg . improvement was significantly ( P < or = 0.05 ) greater than for patients receiving placebo at all time points . addition , systemic symptoms ( IBDQ Systemic Symptoms domain ) improved significantly more in patients receiving certolizumab pegol 400 mg than in those receiving placebo at weeks 4 , 8 , 10 , and 12 ( P < or = 0.05 ) and approached statistical significance at week 2 ( P = 0.054 ) . analysis suggests that certolizumab pegol 400 mg improves HRQoL in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn 's disease ."
1132,Abstract #1132,"optimal treatment for localised oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) is uncertain . assessed the feasibility of an RCT comparing neoadjuvant treatment and surgery with definitive chemoradiotherapy . feasibility RCT in three centres examined incident patients and reasons for ineligibility using multi-disciplinary team meeting records . patients were offered participation in the RCT with integrated qualitative research involving audio-recorded recruitment appointments and interviews with patients to inform recruitment training for staff . 375 patients with oesophageal SCC , 42 ( 11.2 % ) were eligible . for eligibility varied between centres , with significantly differing proportions of patients excluded because of total tumour length ( P = 0.002 ) . of audio-recordings and patient interviews showed that recruiters had challenges articulating the trial design in simple terms , balancing treatment arms and explaining the need for randomisation . analyses of the qualitative data and recruiter training no patients were randomised . training in one centre 5 of 16 eligible patients were randomised . RCT of surgical vs non-surgical treatment for SCC of the oesophagus is not feasible in the UK alone because of the low number of incident eligible patients . trial comparing diverse treatment approaches may be possible with investment to support the recruitment process ."
1133,Abstract #1133,"in pregnancy is a public health problem for endemic countries . evaluations of malaria preventive strategies in pregnancy are needed to guide health policies . analysis was carried out in the context of a trial of malaria intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine ( IPTp-SP ) , where both intervention groups received an insecticide treated net through the antenatal clinic ( ANC ) in Mozambique . cost-effectiveness of IPTp-SP on maternal clinical malaria and neonatal survival was estimated . and threshold analyses were undertaken to assess the main factors affecting the economic outcomes and the cut-off values beyond which the intervention is no longer cost-effective . 2007 US$ , the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( ICER ) for maternal malaria was 41.46 US$ ( 95 % CI 20.5 , 96.7 ) per disability-adjusted life-year ( DALY ) averted . ICER per DALY averted due to the reduction in neonatal mortality was 1.08 US$ ( 95 % CI 0.43 , 3.48 ) . ICER including both the effect on the mother and on the newborn was 1.02 US$ ( 95 % CI 0.42 , 3.21 ) per DALY averted . was the main factor affecting the economic evaluation of IPTp-SP . intervention remained cost-effective with an increase in drug cost per dose up to 11 times in the case of maternal malaria and 183 times in the case of neonatal mortality . was highly cost-effective for both prevention of maternal malaria and reduction of neonatal mortality in Mozambique . findings are likely to hold for other settings where IPTp-SP is implemented through ANC visits . intervention remained cost-effective even with a significant increase in drug and other intervention costs . in the protective efficacy of the intervention would increase its cost-effectiveness . of IPTp with a more effective , although more expensive drug than SP may still remain a cost-effective public health measure to prevent malaria in pregnancy . NCT00209781 ."
1134,Abstract #1134,"determine the natural history of asymptomatic carotid stenosis and the effect of prophylactic carotid surgery on neurologic morbidity and mortality . prospective , randomized , cooperative study , with a mean follow-up of 47.9 months . Veterans Administration hospitals across the United States . study comprised 436 patients who were divided into two groups : group 1 , patients with symptomatic unilateral carotid disease , who were treated with carotid endarterectomy , and had contralateral asymptomatic stenosis ; group 2 , patients with significant asymptomatic carotid disease . stenosis was confirmed by arteriography , which demonstrated at least 50 % stenosis , measured by comparing the least transverse diameter of the stenosis on lateral arteriography . plethysmography , duplex scanning and arteriography ; carotid endarterectomy and acetylsalicylic acid or acetylsalicylic acid alone . 436 patients were randomized between nonoperative ( medical ) ( 233 ) and operative ( surgical ) ( 211 procedures on 203 patients ) groups . the surgical group , the 30-day mortality was 1.9 % and the permanent neurologic morbidity was 2.4 % , for a combined stroke and death rate of 4.3 % . incidence of neurologic events was 8 % in the surgical group compared with 20.6 % in the medical group , for an absolute reduction in risk of 12.6 % ( p < 0.001 ) . endarterectomy , combined with optional medical management , can reduce the incidence of ipsilateral neurologic events in high-risk men with arteriographically confirmed asymptomatic carotid stenosis ."
1135,Abstract #1135,"compare three types of equipment during hysteroscopic resection . randomized study . 's clinic at Ullevaal University Hospital , Oslo , Norway . hundred premenopausal women with menorrhagia caused by dysfunctional bleedings , fibroids , or polyps . resection was performed either with monopolar electrodes using glycine 1.5 % as irrigant or with two different types of bipolar electrodes ( TCRis ; Olympus , Hamburg , Germany and Versapoint ; Gynecare , Menlo Park , CA ) using saline as irrigant . in serum sodium as a result of irrigant consumption , operating time , and amount of tissue removed . statistically significant reduction in mean serum sodium from 138.7 mmol/L to 133.8 mmol/L was seen in the monopolar group , compared with the case of the saline groups with no reduction . amount of resected tissue in the monopolar and TCRis group was approximately 1.00 g/min , compared with 0.65 g/min in the Versapoint group . of fluid during the procedure was significantly higher in the two bipolar groups . electrodes appear to have a safer profile compared with monopolar electrodes because of the unchanged serum sodium . consumption was significantly higher in the two bipolar groups , without any side effects during or after the procedure . , the TCRis loop appears to be superior to the Versapoint loop , as regards operating time and amount of tissue removed ."
1136,Abstract #1136,"is an important element of functioning and well-being . Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale ( MOS-Sleep ) includes 12 items assessing sleep disturbance , sleep adequacy , somnolence , quantity of sleep , snoring , and awakening short of breath or with a headache . sleep problems index , grouping items from each of the former domains , is also available . study evaluates the psychometric properties of MOS-Sleep Scale in a painful diabetic peripheral neuropathic population based on a clinical trial conducted in six countries . data and health-related quality of life data were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow-up . , 396 patients were included in the analysis . properties of the MOS-Sleep were assessed in the overall population and per country when the sample size was sufficient . consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach 's alpha ; the structure of the instrument was assessed by verifying item convergent and discriminant criteria ; construct validity was evaluated by examining the relationships between MOS-Sleep scores and sleep interference and pain scores , and SF-36 scores ; effect-sizes were used to assess the MOS-Sleep responsiveness . study was conducted in compliance with United States Food and Drug Administration regulations for informed consent and protection of patient rights . 's alpha ranged from 0.71 to 0.81 for the multi-item dimensions and the sleep problems index . convergent and discriminant criteria were satisfied with item-scale correlations for hypothesized dimensions higher than 0.40 and tending to exceed the correlations of items with other dimensions , respectively . individually , German , Polish and English language versions had good internal consistency reliability and dimension structure . validity was supported with lower sleep adequacy score and greater sleep problems index scores associated with measures of sleep interference and pain scores . addition , correlations between the SF-36 scores and the MOS-Sleep scores were low to moderate , ranging from -0.28 to -0.53 . was supported by effect sizes > 0.80 for patients who improved according to the mean sleep interference and pain scores and clinician and patient global impression of change ( p < 0.0001 ) . MOS-Sleep had good psychometric properties in this painful diabetic peripheral neuropathic population . this study was conducted from 2000 to 2002 ( i.e. , before the filing requirement came out ) , no trial registration number is available ."
1137,Abstract #1137,"evaluate effects of preoperative high-dose glucocorticoid on the inflammatory response and recovery after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair ( EVAR ) . postimplantation syndrome after EVAR may delay recovery due to the release of proinflammatory mediators . may reduce postoperative inflammatory responses and enhance recovery , but with limited information on EVAR . single-center , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of 153 patients undergoing elective EVAR between November 2009 and January 2013 . received 30 mg/kg of methylprednisolone ( MP ) ( n = 77 ) or placebo ( n = 76 ) preoperatively . outcome was a modified version of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome . outcome measures were the effect on inflammatory biomarkers , morbidity , and time to meet discharge criteria . 153 randomized patients , 150 ( 98 % ) were evaluated for the primary outcome . reduced systemic inflammatory response syndrome from 92 % to 27 % ( P < 0.0001 ) ( number needed to treat = 1.5 ) , maximal plasma interleukin 6 from 186 pg/mL [ interquartile range ( IQR ) = 113-261 pg/mL ] to 20 pg/mL ( IQR = 11-28 pg/mL ) ( P < 0.001 ) and fulfillment of discharge criteria was shorter [ 2 days ( IQR = 2-4 days ) vs 3 days ( IQR = 3-4 days ) ] ( P < 0.001 ) . protein , temperature , interleukin 8 , and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor were also reduced ( P < 0.001 ) by MP . , D-dimer , and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were not modified . differences in 30-day medical ( 23 % vs 36 % ) ( P = 0.1 ) or surgical ( 20 % vs 21 % ) morbidity were found in the active group versus the placebo group . MP attenuates the inflammatory response with a faster recovery after EVAR for abdominal aortic aneurysms . safety and dose-response studies are required to allow recommendations for general practice . Identifier : NCT00989729 ."
1138,Abstract #1138,"describe and compare long-term ( > or = 36 months ) effects of patients with 86 primary pterygia treated with bare sclera extirpation ( BSE ) followed by Beta-RT or by sham irradiation . , multicenter , randomized , double-blind study . BSE of their pterygium , patients were randomized to either Beta-RT or sham irradiation . the case of Beta-RT , within 24 hours after the operation , a 90Sr eye applicator was used to deliver 2500 cGy to the sclera surface at a dose rate of between 200 and 250 cGy/min . irradiation was given using the same type of applicator without the 90Sr layer . treatment , both a masked ophthalmologist and a radiation oncologist performed follow-up examinations . were continued until either a relapse occurred or at least 36 months had elapsed . follow-up was available of 86 pterygia in 81 patients , treated between February 1998 and September 2002 . ( 60 % ) patients were male . mean age of the patients was 50 years ( range : 24-77 ) . a follow-up of at least 36 months ( mean : 40 months , SD :13.9 months ) , 5 out of 44 eyes ( 11 % ) treated with Beta-RT showed a recurrence versus 32 out of 42 eyes ( 76 % ) treated with sham-RT ( after a mean follow-up of 22 months ) ( p < 0.001 ) . the Beta-RT group , 80 % were satisfied with the cosmetic result , whereas in the sham group this percentage was 41 % ( p < 0.001 ) . the Beta-RT group , no scar or a white scar could be detected in 86 % of the treated eyes , versus in 24 % of the sham irradiated eyes ( p < 0.001 ) . change of keratometry ( Javal ) was seen in 5 patients ( 12 % ) following Beta-RT compared to 16 ( 38 % ) after sham irradiation ( p = 0.002 ) . were few : a granuloma was seen in three patients after sham irradiation , mild limitation of abduction in two Beta-RT patients versus in five after sham irradiation , and mild scleromalacia in one Beta-RT patient . sclera extirpation of a pterygium without adjuvant treatment has an unacceptably high recurrence rate and therefore should be considered obsolete . sclera extirpation of a primary pterygium followed by a single-dose Beta-RT is a simple , effective , and safe treatment with lasting results and very few complications ."
1139,Abstract #1139,"levels of cortisol have been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome . of cortisol levels and activity may be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities . purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety profile and pharmacodynamic effects of DIO-902 ( 2S,4R-ketoconazole ) , an inhibitor of cortisol synthesis . with type 2 diabetes who were between the ages of 18 and 70 years and were drug naive or receiving metformin at a stable dose were randomized to receive one of the following once daily at bedtime for 14 days : ketoconazole 400 mg ; DIO-902 200 , 400 , or 600 mg ; or placebo . was assessed based on adverse events reported by subjects and the results of physical examinations and standard hematology , chemistry , and urinalysis tests performed on days 8 and 15 . hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) and levels of fructosamine , fasting glucose , lipoproteins , and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and the end of treatment . Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to test for an ordinal dose-response trend between the DIO-902 doses and placebo . ( 7:30 am ) salivary cortisol levels were measured and overnight plasma cortisol levels were analyzed as a 12-hour AUC at baseline and the end of treatment . hormone ( ACTH ) levels were measured and an ACTH stimulation test was used to assess adrenal reserve at baseline and the end of treatment . study enrolled 21 women ( 58.3 % ) and 15 ( 41.7 % ) men . mean ( SD ) age was 55.4 ( 8.5 ) years ; mean HbA1c , 8.1 % ( 1.3 % ) ; and mean duration of diabetes , 4.8 ( 3.7 ) years . subjects were in the majority ( 86.1 % ) , with black subjects constituting 11.1 % of the population and those of other racial backgrounds constituting 2.8 % ; 47.2 % of subjects were of Hispanic ethnicity . proportions of subjects experiencing any adverse event were 62.5 % in the ketoconazole group ; 60.0 % , 83.3 % , and 100 % in the DIO-902 200 - , 400 - , and 600-mg groups , respectively ; and 50.0 % in the placebo group . disorders were the most common adverse event , reported in 12.5 % of the ketoconazole group , 35.0 % of the combined DIO-902 treatment group , and 16.7 % of the placebo group . , the second most commonly reported adverse event , was reported in 12.5 % of the ketoconazole group , 30.0 % of the overall DIO-902 group , and none of the placebo group . treatment was not associated with any significant differences in measures of glycemic control relative to placebo or any significant decreases in mean morning salivary cortisol levels or mean overnight cortisol exposure . reductions from baseline were seen in mean levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( mean percent reductions : -11.39 , -23.38 , and -42.10 with DIO-902 200 , 400 , and 600 mg , respectively ; P < 0.001 ) , as well as in total cholesterol ( P < 0.001 ) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = 0.034 ) . levels of C-reactive protein were significantly reduced relative to placebo at all doses of DIO-902 ( P = 0.027 ) ; no reductions in either of these parameters were seen in the placebo group . this small , short-term study in subjects with type 2 diabetes , DIO-902 was generally well tolerated , although it was associated with an increased incidence of gastrointestinal disorders and headache . of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in subjects treated with DIO-902 ."
1140,Abstract #1140,"Alzheimer 's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial Follow-up Study ( ADAPT-FS ) was designed to evaluate the efficacy of naproxen and celecoxib for the primary prevention of Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) several years after cessation of treatment in ADAPT . was a randomized , double-masked , multicenter clinical trial of naproxen or celecoxib vs placebo ( 1:1:1.5 assignment ratio ) at six U.S.-based clinics . trial enrolled 2528 people between 2001 and 2004 . were discontinued in December 2004 and participants were monitored regularly until 2007 . 2010 and 2011 , ADAPT-FS screened 1537 participants by telephone and , if indicated , examined them in person using standardized clinical assessments . primary outcome was time to diagnosis of AD . index searches were performed for participants not located . additional AD events were identified ( 24 celecoxib , 25 naproxen , and 40 placebo ) yielding a total of 161 events ( 48 [ 6.6 % of randomized participants ] celecoxib , 43 [ 6.0 % ] naproxen , and 70 [ 6.5 % ] placebo ) across ADAPT and ADAPT-FS . hazard ratios ( HRs ) comparing each treatment with placebo showed no overall reduction in risk of AD : HR celecoxib vs placebo , 1.03 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.72-1 .50 ; P = .86 ) ; HR naproxen vs placebo , 0.92 ( 95 % CI , 0.62-1 .35 ; P = .66 ) . were 349 deaths ( 110 [ 15.2 % ] celecoxib , 96 [ 13.4 % ] naproxen , and 143 [ 13.2 % ] placebo ) . of death was similar for the naproxen - and placebo-assigned groups ( HR , 0.99 ; 95 % CI , 0.76-1 .28 ; P = .93 ) and slightly higher for celecoxib compared with the placebo-assigned group ( HR , 1.15 ; 95 % CI , 0.90-1 .48 ; P = .27 ) . results acquired during a follow-up of approximately 7 years ( which included a median of less than 1.5 years of treatment ) do not support the hypothesis that celecoxib or naproxen prevent AD in adults with a family history of dementia ."
1141,Abstract #1141,"describe the design of the Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for Elderly ( PRISM-E ) study and baseline characteristics of the randomized primary care patients with mental health problems and at-risk alcohol use . aged 65 and older were screened at primary care clinics from 10 study sites throughout the United States . diagnosed for depression , anxiety , and/or at-risk alcohol consumption were randomized to either integrated or enhanced referral care . the 23,828 participants , 14 % had a positive assessment for depressive and/or anxiety disorders , and 6 % had at-risk alcohol consumption diagnoses . patients with mental health diagnoses , there was a higher preponderance of younger ages , women , and ethnic minorities . patients with at-risk drinking , there was a higher preponderance of younger ages , Whites , and men . findings indicate the need for screening in primary care and for engaging older adults in treatment ."
1142,Abstract #1142,"children are disproportionately burdened by obesity . assess whether body mass index ( BMI ) change in preadolescents reflected that of their participating parent . total of 72 Latino overweight/obese preadolescents ( BMI 85 % ) and a parent participated in a randomized controlled trial . intervention group received 5 monthly 60-minute sessions at a recreation center ( group physical activity , goal setting ) . control group received 2 standard-of-care clinic visits plus a group discussion . baseline and 6-month follow-up , 47 % of children ( mean change = -0.37 , SD = 2.48 ) and 63 % of parents ( mean change = -0.88 , SD = 3.53 ) decreased their BMI . dyad BMI change was significantly correlated ( r = .53 , P = .001 ) . linear modeling , those preadolescents in the control group were more likely to lose absolute BMI units ( -0.96 , P = .03 ) ; whereas those who had parents who gained BMI over the time interval were more likely to increase their BMI ( 0.17 , P = .008 ) . interventions should focus on the parent-child dyad ."
1143,Abstract #1143,"measure the effect of faith community nurse referrals versus telephone-assisted physician appointments on blood pressure control among persons with elevated blood pressure at health fairs . community-based intervention trial conducted from October 2006 to October 2007 of 100 adults who had an average blood pressure reading equal to or above a systolic of 140 mm Hg or a diastolic of 90 mm Hg obtained at a faith community nurse-led church health event . were randomized to either referral to a faith community nurse or to a telephone-assisted physician appointment . average enrollment systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) was 149 + / - 14 mm Hg , diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) was 87 + / - 11 mm Hg , 57 % were uninsured and 25 % were undiagnosed at the time of enrollment . follow-up rate was 85 % at 4 months . in the faith community nurse referral arm had a 7 + / - 15 mm Hg drop in SBP versus a 14 + / - 15 mm Hg drop in the telephone-assisted physician appointment arm ( p = 0.04 ) . percent of the patients in the faith community nurse referral arm had medication intensification compared to 32 % in the telephone-assisted physician appointment arm ( p = 0.98 ) . health fairs conducted in low-income , multiethnic communities can identify many people with elevated blood pressure . physician appointments for people with elevated blood pressure identified at health fairs confers a greater decrease in SBP than referral to a faith community nurse at four months ."
1144,Abstract #1144,"compare health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) before and after treatment with etanercept in patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , psoriatic arthritis ( PsA ) and psoriasis using spydergram representations . from randomised , controlled trials of etanercept in patients with RA , PsA and psoriasis were analysed . was assessed by the medical outcomes survey short form 36 ( SF-36 ) physical ( PCS ) and mental ( MCS ) component summary and domain scores . comparisons with age and gender-matched norms and treatment-associated changes in domain scores were quantified using spydergrams and the health utility SF-6D measure . baseline PCS scores were lower than age and gender-matched norms in patients with RA and PsA , but near normative values in patients with psoriasis ; MCS scores at baseline were near normal in PsA and psoriasis but low in RA . with etanercept resulted in improvements in PCS and MCS scores as well as individual SF-36 domains across all indications . baseline SF-6D scores were higher in psoriasis than in RA or PsA ; clinically meaningful improvements in SF-6D were observed in all three patient populations following treatment with etanercept . with RA , PsA and psoriasis demonstrated unique HRQoL profiles at baseline . with etanercept was associated with improvements in PCS and MCS scores as well as individual domain scores in patients with RA , PsA and psoriasis ."
1145,Abstract #1145,"Japan , the tail and body of the pancreas are generally removed for dissection of lymph nodes along the splenic artery . new pancreas-preserving method was developed to decrease the postoperative complications due to pancreatic resection . 1981 and 1989 , 110 patients were registered in a randomized controlled trial , which included total gastrectomy plus dissection of lymph node along the splenic artery , either with ( 55 patients : Group A ) or without ( 55 : Group B ) pancreas tail resection . Group B , the splenic artery and spleen were removed and the pancreas was preserved . were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sex , age , location , microscopic classification , or disease stage . postoperative complications and survival rates were compared between the two groups . average number of dissected nodes along the splenic artery was 4.6 and 4.1 for Groups A and B , respectively . amounts of blood loss during the operation were 994 ml and 904 ml for groups A and B , respectively . failure and/or pancreatic fistula occurred in nine patients in Group A ( 16 % ) and seven in Group B ( 13 % ) . year after the operation , a glucose tolerance test showed diabetes in 6 % and impaired glucose tolerance in 33 % of patients in group A , while these findings were normal in group B. 5-year survival rates were 80 % and 76.7 % for groups A and B , respectively . pancreas-preserving method described here was superior to the more common pancreas resecting method with regard to surgical risk and postoperative glucose tolerance ."
1146,Abstract #1146,"determine whether there are any differences in the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( OHSS ) and implantation rates in high-risk patients undergoing IVF using a protocol consisting of GnRH agonist trigger after cotreatment with GnRH antagonist or hCG trigger after dual pituitary suppression protocol . randomized controlled trial . tertiary fertility center . patients under 40 years of age with polycystic ovarian syndrome , polycystic ovarian morphology , or previous high response undergoing IVF . were randomized to an ovarian stimulation protocol consisting of either GnRH agonist trigger after cotreatment with GnRH antagonist ( study group ) or hCG trigger after dual pituitary suppression with a GnRH agonist ( control group ) . groups received luteal phase and early pregnancy supplementation with IM progesterone ( P ) , and patients in the study group also received E ( 2 ) patches and their doses were adjusted according to the serum levels . of OHSS and implantation rate . of the patients in the study group developed any form of OHSS compared with 31 % ( 10/32 ) of the patients in the control group . were no significant differences in the implantation ( 22/61 [ 36.0 % ] vs. 20/64 [ 31.0 % ] ) , clinical pregnancy ( 17/30 [ 56.7 % ] vs. 15/29 [ 51.7 % ] ) , and ongoing pregnancy rates ( 16/30 [ 53.3 % ] vs. 14/29 [ 48.3 % ] ) between the study and control groups , respectively . use of a protocol consisting of GnRH agonist trigger after GnRH antagonist cotreatment combined with adequate luteal phase and early pregnancy E ( 2 ) and P supplementation reduces the risk of OHSS in high-risk patients undergoing IVF without affecting implantation rate ."
1147,Abstract #1147,"influence of CYP2C19 on the kinetics and dynamics of omeprazole , lansoprazole and rabeprazole has been studied in Japanese subjects . It has been suggested that subjects with * 1 / * 1 genotype might need stronger acid suppression than * 1 / * 2 and * 2 / * 2 subjects . suggestion comes from data in Japanese subjects and has not been confirmed in Caucasians . Furthermore , a novel CYP2C19 mutation , * 17 , which mainly occurs in Caucasians has been discovered . mutation has been associated with clinical failure , but its relevance for therapy with PPIs has not been studied yet . this study , the influence of CYP2C19 on both the pharmacokinetics and dynamics in Caucasian subjects after single and repeated dosing has been investigated . This is the first study showing that Caucasian subjects with * 1 / * 1 and * 1 / * 17 mutations need stronger acid-inhibition . this study three proton pump inhibitors ( omeprazole , lansoprazole and pantoprazole , in different doses ) were studied of which pantoprazole had not been studied before in this setting , not even in Japanese . investigate the impact of CYP2C19 mutations * 2 - * 6 and * 17 on acid-inhibition and pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole ( L15 ) , omeprazole ( O10 , O20 ) and pantoprazole ( P40 ) in Caucasians . genotyping for * 2 - * 6 and * 17 mutations was assessed in subjects who were H. pylori negative in two randomized crossover trials . influence of CYP2C19 mutations on single and repeated administration of L15 and O10 ( study A ) and O20 and P40 ( study B ) was investigated . and the cumulative percentage of time with intragastric pH above 4 ( % > pH 4 ) were assessed on day 1 and 6 . study A CYP2C19 genotyping found five * 1 / * 1 , four * 1 / * 2 , one * 1 / * 17 and one * 2 / * 17 . study B the results were six * 1 / * 1 , two * 1 / * 2 , six * 1 / * 17 , one * 2 / * 2 and one * 2 / * 17 . all PPIs AUC was highest in * 2 / * 2 and lowest in * 1 / * 17 . day 1 , all PPIs significantly increased percentage > pH 4 compared with baseline . 1 / * 1 genotype showed no significant acid-inhibition after L15 , O10 and O20 . 1 / * 17 genotype showed no significant acid-inhibition after O20 and P40 . 1 / * 2 genotype showed significant acid-inhibition after L15 and O10 . day 6 , all four PPIs showed significantly increased acid-inhibition . 1 / * 1 and * 1 / * 17 showed a significantly increased percentage > pH 4 after treatment with O20 and P40 . , in * 1 / * 1 subjects percentage > pH 4 was not significantly increased after L15 and O10 . 1 / * 2 genotype showed a significant acid-inhibitory effect after repeated dosing with L15 and O10 . subjects with * 1 / * 1 and * 1 / * 17 genotype need stronger acid-suppression therapy , especially during the first days of treatment or with on-demand therapy ."
1148,Abstract #1148,"aim of this study was to assess whether the duration of intermaxillary block in patients with non-condylar mandibular fractures can interfere with restored mandibular function and whether there is a statistically significant correlation between the duration of joint immobilisation and the onset of temporo-mandibular joint pathologies . clinical evaluation was made of 40 patients treated for non-condylar mandibular fractures during the period 1991-1992 . patients were subdivided into two groups depending on the type of treatment and the duration of the intermaxillary block . A included patients treated with intermaxillary block alone lasting more than 25 days . B included patients treated surgically with intrafocal osteosynthesis with immobilisation lasting less than 15 days . follow-up of results ( 3.7 years ) showed a maximum mean aperture in Group A of 45.1 mm compared to 50.1 mm in Group B. mean score for mandibular clinical dysfunction in patients in Group A was 5.0 points ( SD + / - 4.75 ) , whereas it was 0.7 points ( SD + / - 1.45 ) in patients in Group B. difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( p < 0.01 ) . results of this study suggest that jaw immobilisation in mandibular fractures may be potentially damaging for the temporo-mandibular joint , sometimes leading to painful dysfunctional syndromes . this reason , even in the case of mandibular fractures without decomposition , the authors feel that it is advisable to avoid long periods of immobilisation in patients with a positive history of mandibular dysfunction ."
1149,Abstract #1149,"Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Trial , designed to compare the effects of 2 lipid-lowering regimens and low-dose anticoagulation versus placebo on progression of atherosclerosis in saphenous vein grafts of patients who had had CABG surgery , demonstrated that aggressive lowering of LDL cholesterol ( LDL-C ) levels to < 100 mg/dL compared with a moderate reduction to 132 to 136 mg/dL decreased the progression of atherosclerosis in grafts . anticoagulation did not significantly affect progression . 3 years after the last trial visit , Clinical Center Coordinators contacted each patient by telephone to ascertain the occurrence of cardiovascular events and procedures . National Death Index was used to ascertain vital status for patients who could not be contacted . status was established for all but 3 of 1351 patients . on nonfatal events was available for 95 % of surviving patients . 30 % reduction in revascularization procedures and 24 % reduction in a composite clinical end point were observed in patients assigned to aggressive strategy compared with patients assigned to moderate strategy during 7.5 years of follow-up , P = 0.0006 and 0.001 , respectively . of 35 % in deaths and 31 % in deaths or myocardial infarctions with low-dose anticoagulation compared with placebo were also observed , P = 0.008 and 0.003 , respectively . The long-term clinical benefit observed during extended follow-up in patients assigned to the aggressive strategy is consistent with the angiographic findings of delayed atherosclerosis progression in grafts observed during the trial . apparent long-term benefit of low-dose warfarin remains unexplained ."
1150,Abstract #1150,"studies have demonstrated the psychosocial effect of heart failure in patients with reduced ejection fraction . , the effects on patients with preserved ejection fraction have not yet been elucidated . study aimed to determine the baseline characteristics of participants with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction as it relates to impaired quality of life ( QOL ) and depression , identify predictors of poor QOL and depression , and determine the correlation between QOL and depression . patients enrolled in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial ( TOPCAT ) , 3400 patients completed the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire , 3395 patients completed European QOL 5D Visual Analog Scale , and 1431 patients in United States and Canada completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 . mean summary score on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire was 54.8 , and on European QOL 5D Visual Analog Scale , it was 60.3 ; 27 % of patients had moderate to severe depression . associated with better Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and European QOL 5D Visual Analog Scale via multiple logistic regression analysis were American region , older age , no history of angina pectoris or asthma , no use of hypoglycemic agent , more activity level , and lower New York Heart Association class . associated with depression via multiple logistic regression analysis included younger age , female sex , comorbid angina , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , use of a hypoglycemic agent , lower activity level , higher New York Heart Association class , and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use . were significant correlations between each of the QOL scores and depression . with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction , who were younger had higher New York Heart Association class or comorbid angina pectoris , had lower activity levels , lived in Eastern Europe or were taking hypoglycemic agents , were more likely to have impaired QOL and depression . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00094302 ."
1151,Abstract #1151,"investigate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a home-based intensive exercise program to improve physical health of frail elderly patients scheduled for elective total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) . pilot randomized controlled trial . ' homes and a general hospital in The Netherlands . patients ( N = 30 ) older than 65 years . preoperative , home-based program supervised by an experienced physical therapist to train functional activities and walking capacity . control group received usual care consisting of 1 session of instructions . was determined on the basis of adherence to treatment , patient satisfaction , adverse events , walking distance ( measured with a pedometer ) , and intensity of exercise ( evaluated with the Borg scale ) . pre - and postoperative effectiveness was determined by the Timed Up & Go ( TUG ) test , 6-minute walk test ( 6MWT ) , Chair Rise Time , and self-reported measures of functions , activities , and participation . satisfaction and adherence to the training were good ( median = 5 on a 5-point Likert scale ) and no serious adverse events occurred . Borg score during training was 14 ( range , 13-16 ) . clinical relevant differences on the TUG test ( 2.9 s ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , -0.9 to 6.6 ) and significant differences on the 6MWT ( 41 m ; 95 % CI , 8 to 74 ) were found between groups . preoperative training at home is feasible for frail elderly patients waiting for THA and produces relevant changes in functional health . larger multicenter randomized controlled trial is in progress to investigate the ( cost - ) effectiveness of preoperative training ."
1152,Abstract #1152,"purposes were to compare the impact of surgery on menstrual blood flow reduction and on the increase in hemoglobin values as primary endpoints at 12 months , and operating time , complication rates , postoperative pain scores at 12 h and surgically induced amenorrhea rates at 12 months as secondary endpoints after roller ball endometrial ablation or thermal balloon ablation for myoma-induced menorrhagia . women ( documented by a validated pad scoring system ) over 40 years of age , with a mobile myomatous uterus smaller than 12-week pregnancy , were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare endometrial roller ball ablation and thermal balloon ablation after pharmacological endometrial thinning . year after surgery , primary and secondary endpoints in both groups were compared . subjects underwent endometrial thermal balloon ablation under local anesthesia and 48 underwent endometrial roller ball ablation under general anesthesia . significant but similar decreases in mean pictorial blood assessment score and increases in mean hemoglobin values were noted for both groups at 12 months . who underwent endometrial roller ball ablation had experienced significantly more intraoperative complications . balloon ablation under local anesthesia for myoma-induced menor - rhagia provided both significant and statistically similar reductions in menstrual blood flow and increases in hemoglobin values with no intraoperative complication compared to roller ball endometrial ablation ."
1153,Abstract #1153,"is important to evaluate the effects of hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone dipropionate ( HFA-BDP ) , which shows predominant deposition in the lower airways , on asthmatic inflammation in the lower airways and the Quality of Life ( QOL ) of asthma patients , as compared with those of fluticasone propionate ( FP ) Diskus . adult patients with mild persistent or more severe asthma who were being treated with FP for > / = 3 months were randomly assigned to the HFA-BDP group and continued FP group . differential count of eosinophils in the peripheral blood , the serum cortisol levels , and pulmonary function parameters were measured before the study and at 3 months after the start of the study treatment . improvements in the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ ) scores were also compared . samples collected by the induced expectoration method ( inhalation of 10 % saline for 15 min ) were divided into the early-phase sputum samples obtained within 15 minutes of the inhalation and the late-phase sputum samples obtained later than 15 minutes after the inhalation , and the eosinophil count and eosinophil cationic protein ( ECP ) levels were measured . the HFA-BDP group ( N = 40 ) , the differential count of eosinophils in the peripheral blood was significantly decreased as compared with that in the FP group ( p = 0.009 ) , and the scores in all the domains of the AQLQ and the percentage improvement of the total score were significantly better as compared with those in FP group ( p = 0.033 ) . eosinophil count in the late-phase sputum samples ( p = 0.022 ) as well as the ECP level in the sputum samples showed more pronounced decreases in the HFA-BDP group as compared with those in the FP group . the other hand , no significant changes were detected in the pulmonary function values . of the HFA-BDP preparation can more effectively suppress residual inflammation in the lower airways and significantly improve the QOL as compared with use of the FP preparation of asthma patients . of induced sputum samples allows detection of changes in the peripheral airways that can not be detected by pulmonary function testing ."
1154,Abstract #1154,"has been reported that imbibing red wine increases coronary blood flow reserve acutely . the absence of changes in coronary driving pressure , any increases in coronary blood flow reserve should occur through a decrease in capillary resistance , which in turn is determined by capillary dimensions and whole-blood viscosity . alcohol intake is unlikely to acutely change capillary dimensions , we hypothesized that it must increase coronary blood flow reserve by reducing whole-blood viscosity . normal subjects were randomly assigned to water ( n = 12 ) , vodka ( n = 11 ) , white wine ( n = 11 ) , and red wine ( n = 11 ) . blood flow reserve was measured at baseline and after up to 2 weeks of beverage consumption using myocardial contrast echocardiography . addition , whole-blood viscosity and its principal determinants ( haematocrit ; erythrocyte deformability , mobility , and charge ; plasma fibrinogen ; and total serum protein , glucose , and lipids ) were also measured . and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate did not change between the two examinations either at rest or following dipyridamole infusion . did myocardial blood flow reserve nor whole-blood viscosity or any of its determinants . high-density lipoprotein-2 increased for all alcohol consumers ( 12.4 + / - 5.3 vs. 10.9 + / - 4.7 , P = 0.007 ) . is concluded that modest alcohol consumption for up to 2 weeks does not increase myocardial blood flow reserve . also does not alter whole-blood viscosity or any of its principal determinants . , the beneficial cardiovascular effects of modest alcohol consumption over 1-2 weeks can not be attributed either to its effect on the coronary microcirculation or haemorheology ."
1155,Abstract #1155,"determine whether inpatient diabetes management and education with improved transition to outpatient care ( IDMET ) improves glycemic control after hospital discharge in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) . inpatients with T2DM and HbA1c > 7.5 % ( 58 mmol/mol ) admitted for reasons other than diabetes to an academic medical center were randomly assigned to either IDMET or usual care ( UC ) . mixed models estimated treatment-dependent differences in the change in HbA1c ( measured at 3 , 6 , and 12 months ) from baseline to 1-year follow-up . subjects had mean age 55 12.6 years , with mean HbA1c of 9.7 1.6 % ( 82 18 mmol/mol ) . inpatient glucose was lower in the IDMET than in the UC group ( 176 66 versus 195 74 mg/dl [ 9.7 versus 10.8 mmol/l ] , P = 0.001 ) . the year after discharge , the average HbA1c reduction was greater in the IDMET group compared with the UC group by 0.6 % ( SE 0.5 % , [ 7 ( SE 5 ) mmol/mol ] , P = 0.3 ) . patients newly discharged on insulin , the average HbA1c reduction was greater in the in the IDMET group than in the UC group by 2.4 % ( SE 1.0 % , [ 25 ( SE 11 ) mmol/mol ] , P = 0.04 ) . diabetes management ( IDMET ) substantially improved glycemic control 1 year after discharge in patients newly discharged on insulin ; patients previously treated with insulin did not benefit ."
1156,Abstract #1156,"nociceptive barrage after tissue injury results in acute pain and a variety of physiologic responses , including pituitary secretion of beta-endorphin . study evaluated whether administration of the pharmacologically active S ( + ) - isomer of ibuprofen suppresses acute pain and plasma beta-endorphin levels in the oral surgery model of acute pain . in a single-dose , double-blind , parallel-group study received either 200 mg S ( + ) - ibuprofen , 400 mg S ( + ) - ibuprofen , 400 mg racemic ibuprofen , or placebo . doses of S ( + ) - ibuprofen resulted in significantly greater analgesia over the first 60 minutes in comparison to racemic ibuprofen and placebo ; the 400 mg dose of S ( + ) - ibuprofen also produced greater analgesia at 2 and 3 hours . levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin decreased over time coincident with the onset of analgesia in all groups but were significantly less than placebo after both doses of S ( + ) - ibuprofen from 30 to 120 minutes . findings show that , compared with racemic ibuprofen , administration of the S ( + ) - isomer of ibuprofen results in faster analgesic onset , greater peak analgesia , similar duration of action , and a low incidence of adverse effects , while suppressing nociceptive activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis ."
1157,Abstract #1157,"aim of the study was to compare the effects of conventional posterolateral thoracotomy and muscle-sparing posterolateral thoracotomy on pulmonary and muscle strength . January 2003 to December 2004 , 50 randomized patients with a diagnosis of primary lung cancer underwent pulmonary resection . patients were divided into two groups : Group I ( n = 25 ) underwent conventional posterolateral thoracotomy , while Group II ( n = 25 ) had muscle-sparing thoracotomy . groups were compared in terms of shoulder abduction/adduction isokinetic muscle strength and respiratory muscle strength . comparison of maximal expiratory pressure and maximal inspiratory pressure preoperatively and postoperatively and of maximal expiratory pressure and maximal inspiratory pressure preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively showed statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05 ) . the preservation of muscle strength , especially in patients whose jobs involved manual work , muscle-sparing posterolateral thoracotomy should be the first choice rather than conventional thoracotomy . , if necessary , the latissimus dorsi muscle can be used more extensively as a flap after muscle-sparing posterolateral thoracotomy procedures ."
1158,Abstract #1158,"( IFX ) is efficacious in inducing remission in severe forms of pediatric Crohn 's disease ( CD ) . studies indicate that IFX is also safe and well tolerated as maintenance therapy . present study aimed to evaluate in a prospective manner the efficacy and safety of IFX as maintenance therapy of severe pediatric CD comparing scheduled and `` on demand '' treatment strategies . children with CD ( nonpenetrating , nonstricturing as well as penetrating forms , mean age : 13.9 + / - 2.2 years ) with a severe flare-up ( Harvey-Bradshaw Index [ HBI ] > or = 5 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ ESR ] > 20 mm/h ) despite well-conducted immunomodulator therapy ( n = 36 azathioprine , n = 1 mercaptopurine , n = 3 methotrexate ) combined with steroids were included in this randomized , multicenter , open-label study . IFX infusions ( 5 mg/kg ) were administered at week ( W ) 0/W2/W6 . W10 , clinical remission ( HBI < 5 ) and steroid withdrawal were analyzed and IFX responders were randomized to maintenance therapy over 1 year : group A , scheduled every 2 months ; group B , `` on demand '' on relapse . all , 34/40 children came into remission during IFX induction therapy ( HBI : 6.7 + / - 2.5 ( WO ) vs. 1.1 + / - 1.5 ( W10 ) ; P < 0.001 ) . the end of phase 2 , 15/18 ( 83 % ) patients were in remission in group A compared to 8/13 ( 61 % ) children in group B ( P < 0.01 ) , with a mean HBI of 0.5 versus 3.2 points ( group A versus B , P = 0.011 ) . group A , 3/13 ( 23.1 % ) children experienced a relapse compared to 11/12 ( 92 % ) children in group B. No severe adverse event occurred during this trial . is well tolerated and safe as maintenance therapy for pediatric CD , with a clear advantage when used on a scheduled 2-month basis compared to an `` on demand '' basis ."
1159,Abstract #1159,"evidence suggests visit-to-visit variability ( VVV ) of blood pressure ( BP ) is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality , there is increasing interest in identifying interventions that reduce VVV of BP . investigated the effects of weight loss and sodium reduction , alone or in combination , on VVV of BP in participants enrolled in phase II of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention . readings were taken at 6-month intervals for 36 months in 1820 participants with high-normal DBP who were randomized to weight loss , sodium reduction , combination ( weight loss and sodium reduction ) , or usual care groups . of BP was defined as the SD of BP across six follow-up visits . of SBP was not significantly different between participants randomized to the weight loss ( 7.23.1 mmHg ) , sodium reduction ( 7.13.0 mmHg ) , or combined ( 6.92.9 mmHg ) intervention groups vs. the usual care group ( 6.92.9 mmHg ) . a fully adjusted model , no difference ( 0.00.2 mmHg ) in VVV of SBP was present between individuals who successfully maintained their weight loss vs. individuals who did not lose weight during follow-up ( P = 0.93 ) . , those who maintained a reduced sodium intake throughout follow-up did not have lower VVV of SBP compared to those who did not reduce their sodium intake ( 0.10.3 mmHg ; P = 0.77 ) . were similar for VVV of DBP . findings suggest that weight loss and sodium reduction may not be effective interventions for lowering VVV of BP in individuals with high-normal DBP ."
1160,Abstract #1160,"evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive ziprasidone in subjects with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder ( DSM-IV criteria ) without psychotic features . not responding to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) monotherapy during a 6-week open-label trial were randomly assigned to continue monotherapy or receive adjunctive ziprasidone for 8 weeks in 1 of 3 groups : sertraline 100 to 200 mg/day , sertraline 100 to 200 mg/day plus ziprasidone 80 mg/day , or sertraline 100 to 200 mg/day plus ziprasidone 160 mg/day . trial was conducted from May 2001 to October 2002 . was administered twice daily . efficacy measure was the least squares mean change on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ( MADRS ) total score from baseline of the 8-week phase to study end point . total , 64 subjects were randomly assigned to sertraline monotherapy ( N = 21 ) , sertraline plus ziprasidone 80 mg/day ( N = 23 ) , or sertraline plus ziprasidone 160 mg/day ( N = 20 ) . + / - SE improvement in MADRS total score on adjunctive ziprasidone 80 mg/day and ziprasidone 160 mg/day versus monotherapy , respectively , was -5.98 + / - 1.87 and -8.27 + / - 2.17 versus -4.45 + / - 2.03 ( p = NS ) . rates for these groups were 19 % ( N = 4 ) , 32 % ( N = 6 ) , and 10 % ( N = 2 ) , respectively ( p = NS ) . clinically significant changes were reported on physical examination , laboratory tests , or electrocardiogram on either adjunctive dose of ziprasidone . this preliminary study of antidepressant-resistant subjects with major depression , adjunctive ziprasidone was associated with greater clinical effect than was continued sertraline monotherapy and was generally well tolerated . data suggest that further controlled study of ziprasidone in treatment-resistant depression is warranted ."
1161,Abstract #1161,"treat air leaks differently . goal was to evaluate whether it is better to place chest tubes on suction or water seal for stopping air leaks after pulmonary surgery . second goal was to evaluate a new classification system for air leaks that we developed . were prospectively randomized before surgery to receive suction or water seal to their chest tubes on postoperative day ( POD ) # 2 . leaks were described and quantified daily by a classification system and a leak meter . air-leak meter scored leaks from 1 ( least ) to 7 ( greatest ) . group randomized to water seal stayed on water seal unless a pneumothorax developed . POD # 2 , 33 of 140 patients had an air leak . patients had been preoperatively randomized to water seal and 15 to suction . leaks resolved in 12 ( 67 % ) of the water seal patients by the morning of POD # 3 . 6 patients whose air leak did not stop had a leak that was 4/7 or greater ( p < 0.0001 ) on the leak meter . the 15 patients randomized to suction , only 1 patient 's air leak ( 7 % ) resolved by the morning of POD # 3 . randomization aspect of the trial was ended and statistical analysis showed water seal was superior ( p = 0.001 ) . remaining 14 patients were then placed to water seal and by the morning of POD # 4 , 13 patients ' leaks had stopped . the 32 total patients placed to seal , 7 ( 22 % ) developed a pneumothorax and 6 of these 7 patients had leaks that were 4/7 or greater ( p = 0.001 ) . chest tubes on water seal seems superior to wall suction for stopping air leaks after pulmonary resection . , water seal does not stop expiratory leaks that are 4/7 or greater . may occur when chest tubes are placed on seal with leaks this large ."
1162,Abstract #1162,"evaluate the effects of continuous low-level heat wrap therapy for the prevention and early phase treatment ( ie , 0-48 h postexercise ) of delayed-onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) of the low back . prospective randomized controlled trials . medical facility . subjects asymptomatic of back pain and in good general health ( mean age , 23.5 + / -6.6 y ) . performed vigorous eccentric exercise to experimentally induce low back DOMS . were assigned to 1 of 2 substudies ( prevention and treatment ) and randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups within each substudy : prevention study ( heat wrap , n = 17 ; control [ nontarget muscle stretch ] , n = 18 ) and treatment study ( heat wrap , n = 16 ; cold pack , n = 16 ) . were administered 4 hours before and 4 hours after exercise in the prevention study and between hours 18 to 42 postexercise in the treatment study . coincide with the expected occurrence of peak symptoms related to exercise-induced low back DOMS , hour 24 postexercise was considered primary . intensity ( prevention ) and pain relief ( treatment ) were primary measures , and self-reported physical function and disability were secondary measures . the prevention study , at hour 24 postexercise , pain intensity , disability , and deficits in self-reported physical function in subjects with the heat wrap were reduced by 47 % ( P < .001 ) , 52.3 % ( P = .029 ) , and 45 % ( P = .013 ) , respectively , compared with the control group . hour 24 in the treatment study , postexercise , pain relief with the heat wrap was 138 % greater ( P = .026 ) than with the cold pack ; there were no differences between the groups in changes in self-reported physical function and disability . this small study , continuous low-level heat wrap therapy was of significant benefit in the prevention and early phase treatment of low back DOMS ."
1163,Abstract #1163,"road workers , who drive heavy vehicles on ice-covered waterways , are at risk for ice failure and subsequent drowning in frigid water . workers who are recommended to wear thermoprotective flotation clothing are concerned that buoyancy or bulk may impede underwater exit . a simulator , 10 volunteers ( 2 women ) compared everyday winter clothing ( Control ) , a flotation Jacket and Overall , and an inflated inflatable personal flotation device ( Inflated Vest ) . each study day , all clothing conditions were tested in either Cool ( 20 degrees C ) or Cold ( 8 degrees C ) water conditions using a randomized balance design . each trial , subjective ratings for thermal sensation and exit tasks along with exit task times were determined . task times were unaffected by clothing or water conditions . to Control , the Inflated Vest was rated with higher exit task difficulty and impedance , while the Jacket and Overall were not ( ratings for exit task difficulty and impedance in cold water were : Control , ' a little ' and ` none ' ; Jacket , ' a little ' and ' a little ' ; Overall , ' a little ' and ` moderate ' ; and Inflated Vest , ` moderate ' and ` moderate - a lot ' ) . , there was a training effect , with total exit times improving by 20 % from trials 1-8 ( 12.3 to 9.8 s ) . suggest that , compared to Control clothing , flotation Jackets and Overalls do not increase exit time or impede exit during egress from a submerged vehicle while providing thermoprotection and buoyancy in 20 degrees C and 8 degrees C water . Inflated Vest created the most perceived exit impedance in comparison to Control ."
1164,Abstract #1164,"prospective investigation of the effect of brovincamine fumarate , a Ca2 + - channel blocker , on visual field changes in normal-tension glaucoma ( NTG ) . total of 28 , age - and field-matched , patients with NTG were allocated randomly to either brovincamine fumarate ( 20 mg 3 times daily ) or placebo ( 3 times daily ) . patients were followed at least every 4 months for a minimum of 2.5 years , and visual field examinations were carried out at least every 6 months . mean follow-up periods ( + / - standard deviation ) were 39.1 + / - 8.7 months in the brovincamine-treated group and 37.9 + / - 10.1 months in the placebo group . discriminant analyses were performed to separate the patients who showed improvement of their visual fields from those who failed to improve in the brovincamine-treated group , and to identify factors that may determine the visual field prognosis of all patients with NTG enrolled in the study . the brovincamine-treated group , six patients showed visual field improvement , whereas none showed improvement in the placebo group using the Statpac 2 linear regression analysis . analyses identified better cold recovery rate and higher initial systolic blood pressure to be significantly contributory to a favorable outcome in the brovincamine-treated group , and the use of brovincamine , better cold recovery rate , and higher initial systolic blood pressure were identified to be significantly contributory to a favorable prognosis in all subjects . seems to have a favorable effect on visual field in at least some patients with NTG ."
1165,Abstract #1165,"compare the bioequivalence of two brands of azithromycin capsules in healthy male volunteers for regulatory purpose . single oral dose of 500 mg of either test ( Panacea Biotec Ltd. ) or reference ( Pfizer India Ltd. ) preparation of azithromycin was administered to 12 volunteers in double blind randomised cross over fashion . levels of azithromycin were analysed using microbiological assay . pharmacokinetic parameters studied were Cmax , Tmax , AUC , t1/2 , Ke , CL and MRT . vitro dissolution tests were conducted for both the preparations and compared with in vivo absorption . mean peak serum azithromycin concentration of 0.516 + / - 0.008 microgram/ml was observed at 2.33 + / - 0.22 h with test brand and was similar to that of reference brand with Cmax of 0.494 + / - 0.011 microgram/ml at 2.71 + / - 0.26 h. statistical difference between all the other paharmacokinetic parameters were insignificant . the brands of azithromycin can be considered to be bioequivalent on the basis of results obtained ."
1166,Abstract #1166,"determine whether training influenced the accuracy of observational kinematic assessment ( OKA ) of hemiplegic upper extremity impairment and to elucidate the contribution of knowledge of results to learning . study ; before-after testing of OKA accuracy after training , using 2 trained groups ( with knowledge of results , KR group ; without , NKR group ) and 1 control group with a 1-week retention test . teaching . first-year physical therapy student volunteers acted as observers . were ranked on pretest accuracy and then randomized into groups . consecutive sample of 11 stroke patients and 4 nondisabled subjects acted as performers . were videotaped with 3 cameras and upper extremity kinematics derived using computer-assisted motion analysis . and test videotapes were generated . groups received video-based training of path indirectness accuracy on 4 occasions . OKA accuracy of all observers ' judgments of speed , jerkiness , and path indirectness were examined pretest and posttest . reported as mean absolute error , which was calculated as difference between observers ' judgments and criterion kinematic values . KR and NKR groups showed reduction in mean absolute error after training of 34.8 % and 6.2 % , respectively . were retained after a 1-week no intervention period . to trained , but not untrained kinematic parameters occurred . control group did not change . accuracy is susceptible to training and knowledge of results aids learning . , training is task specific ."
1167,Abstract #1167,"or burning mouth syndrome ( BMS ) is a common and poorly understood disorder . treatment is uncertain . , there is some evidence of the importance of psychological factors in the genesis of this disease . the usefulness of group psychotherapy as an adjuvant therapeutic method in the treatment of BMS . AND METHODS : The study group consisted of 64 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of BMS seen at the Stomatology Outpatient Clinic , ENT Department , Sao Paulo University Medical School , between May 2002 and May 2007 . the patients were submitted to physical examination , laboratorial screening tests , psychological assessment ( Crown-Crisp Experimental Inventory ) , and answered a short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire . 44 patients who did not show any abnormality in the protocol exams entered the study . of them underwent group psychotherapy . patients received placebo . test was applied to compare the results of treatment with or without psychotherapy . were 15 men and 29 women in the study group . burning was the main complaint of the patients . of symptoms was reported by 17 ( 70.8 % ) of the patients undergoing psychotherapy , while among those who did not eight ( 40 % ) had improvement of symptoms ( P = .04 ) . assessment demonstrated a close correlation between symptoms and psychological factors , suggesting that group psychotherapy is an important alternative to conventional treatment methods ."
1168,Abstract #1168,"wide variety of generalists and specialists treat locally infected ingrown toenails , with perhaps the most common treatment regimen including resection of the nail border coupled with oral antibiotics . determine whether oral antibiotic therapy is beneficial as an adjunct to the phenol chemical matrixectomy in the treatment of infected ingrown toenails . prospectively enrolled healthy patients with infected ingrown toenails . patient was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups that received either 1 week of antibiotics and a chemical matrixectomy simultaneously ( group 1 ) , antibiotics for 1 week and then a matrixectomy ( group 2 ) , or a matrixectomy alone ( group 3 ) . ambulatory outpatient clinic . healthy patients with infected ingrown toenails were studied . with immunocompromised states , peripheral vascular disease , or cellulitis proximal to the hallux interphalangeal joint were excluded . were age matched for comparison . healing times for groups 1 , 2 , and 3 were 1.9 , 2.3 , and 2.0 weeks , respectively . receiving antibiotics and a simultaneous chemical matrixectomy ( group 1 ) healed significantly sooner than those receiving a 1-week course of antibiotics followed by a matrixectomy ( group 2 ) . was not a significant difference in healing time between those that received a chemical matrixectomy alone ( group 3 ) and those that received a matrixectomy coupled with a course of oral antibiotics ( group 1 ) . use of oral antibiotics as an adjunctive therapy in treating ingrown toenails does not play a role in decreasing the healing time or postprocedure morbidity ."
1169,Abstract #1169,"interpretation of clinical trials and efforts directed at reducing the worldwide burden of coronary disease must take regional differences into account . study examined the regional differences in baseline characteristics , treatment , and outcome in patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) who were entered into the Magnesium in Coronaries ( MAGIC ) trial . randomized 6213 patients to standard care with either placebo infusion or infusion of intravenous magnesium sulphate . was no difference in mortality between these groups . this analysis , three geographic regions were identified ( Region 1 = United States and Canada ; Region 2 = Bulgaria , Georgia , and Russia ; Region 3 = Austria , Belgium , Chile , Hungary , Israel , the Netherlands , New Zealand , and Venezuela ) and compared with respect to baseline characteristics , treatment , and 30-day mortality . in Region 2 had the highest prevalence of adverse risk factors at entry , including history of prior myocardial infarction , heart failure , stroke , and hypertension ; anterior location of index acute myocardial infarction ; and presence of pulmonary congestion at presentation . , Region 2 patients infrequently received reperfusion therapy compared with those in Region 1 . 3 was intermediate in this regard . was highest in Region 2 , least in Region 1 , and intermediate in Region 3 . location , particularly , parts of Eastern Europe , is strongly and independently associated with mortality following STEMI . geographic variation in mortality confirms prior reports , although adequate explanations continue to be elusive and are beyond the scope of this large simple trial . international trials must recognize this variation in design , analysis , and interpretation ."
1170,Abstract #1170,"evaluate RA-1 , a standardized plant extract formulation , traditionally considered a safe , effective antiarthritic in the Asian-Indian Ayurvedic medicinal system . hundred eighty-two patients with active-on-chronic rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) participated in a 16 week randomized , double blind , placebo controlled , parallel efficacy clinical drug trial in Pune , India . , pain , swelling , and several other efficacy measures were assessed by ( 1 ) ACR core set 20 % and 50 % improvement ; ( 2 ) ACR 20 % improvement response . intent-to-treat analysis was performed ; p < 0.05 considered significant . patients withdrew ( active = 9 ; placebo = 8 ) ; none withdrew due to drug toxicity . unprecedented placebo response ( often p < 0.001 in within-group change ) was observed . active RA-1 group remained numerically superior at all evaluation timepoints . demonstrated few significant differences : ( 1 ) increased proportion with 50 % reduction in swollen joint count ( 95 % CI approximately 1.52 , 29.90 ) and swollen joint score ( 95 % CI approximately 0.91 , 28.73 ) ; ( 2 ) reduced rheumatoid factor ( 95 % CI approximately -303.7 , -2.72 ) ; 39 % in the RA-1 group versus 30 % placebo showed ACR 20 % improvement ( 95 % CI approximately -5.48 , 24.59 ) . minor side effects were seen , with no significant differences by treatment group . a trial with sufficient power , RA-1 revealed efficacy that was not significantly superior to the strong placebo response , except for improvement in joint swelling . , the effect on RF and good safety profile led to an open label phase ."
1171,Abstract #1171,"QT interval reflects the duration of the intracellular action potential . is known on the interval QT duration in non diabetic insulin-resistant subjects . aims of the current study were to evaluate the QTc interval in three groups of non diabetic insulin-resistant subjects and the possible correlation between QTc and the autonomic nervous system 's activity . subjects were divided in subjects with impaired fasting glycaemia ( IFG ) and , by the results of OGTT , according to the criteria of ADA , in subjects with normal glucose regulation ( NGR ) and impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) . resistance was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment-index ( HOMA-I ) . rate variability and Qtc were calculated . interval is correlated with SDNN , LF n.u. and LF/HF . have observed that the QTc interval is prolonged in insulin-resistant subjects with associated impaired glucose metabolism , while no difference was reported between insulin-resistant and non insulin-resistant subjects with normal glucose regulation . hypothesize that hyperglycaemia could play a major role than hyperinsulinemia on the QTc prolongation ."
1172,Abstract #1172,"agents are often included in plasma exchange-based regimens for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ( TTP ) patients ; however , the opportuneness of their use in TTP is still controversial . italian Cooperative Group for TTP carried out a randomized trial to investigate their actual effectiveness , both in acute TTP and as maintenance treatment . TTP patients were randomized to receive plasma exchange and steroids with ( group B ) or without ( group A ) aspirin and dipyridamole . efficacy was evaluated after 15 days and salvage treatments were also considered for non-responders . disease remission , the patients already treated with antiplatelet agents received ticlopidine for one year . the treatment of acute phase TTP , similar overall response rates were observed in the two groups ( 91.4 % in group B vs. 75.6 % in group A ) , but lower mortality rates were observed at 15 days in the patients treated with antiplatelet agents ; as a matter of fact , 5 patients from arm A died in the first 15 days ( 13.5 % ) versus only one in arm B ( 2.8 % ) . figures , while not statistically significant , seem to suggest that antiplatelet agents might be useful in preventing deaths in acute TTP ; moreover , bleeding did not worsen in antiplatelet agent-treated patients . for the role of maintenance treatment , our results support the efficacy and safety of one-year ticlopidine therapy since the current relapse rate is significantly higher in non-treated patients ; as a matter of fact , 6 patients ( 21.4 % ) in the non-ticlopidine group and only 2 ( 6.25 % ) in the ticlopidine group relapsed ( P = .0182 in favor of maintenance treatment ) . results suggest the usefulness of antiplatelet agents in the treatment of acute phase TTP patients . , one-year ticlopidine maintenance therapy appears to be beneficial in preventing TTP relapses ; however , only the completion of an adequate follow-up for all patients will definitively confirm this observation ."
1173,Abstract #1173,"with metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) previously-treated with oxaliplatin benefit significantly from the addition of aflibercept to FOLFIRI in relation to overall survival , progression-free survival and response rate . results for efficacy and safety over the time course of the VEGF Trap ( aflibercept ) with irinotecan in colorectal cancer after failure of oxaliplatin regimen trial were analysed based on data from 1226 patients randomised to receive FOLFIRI plus either aflibercept ( n = 612 ) or placebo ( n = 614 ) . ratios ( HR ) by 6-month time period were estimated using a piecewise Cox proportional hazard model . of adverse events ( AEs ) was graded using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria , version 3.0 . estimated probabilities of survival were 38.5 % versus 30.9 % at 18 months , 28.0 % versus 18.7 % at 24 months and 22.3 % versus 12.0 % at 30 months , for the aflibercept - and placebo-treated arms , respectively . proportional improvement in the HR over time was consistent with the survival probability results ; survival at 24 months was improved by 50 % and almost doubled at 30 months . majority of worst-grade AEs occurred within the first four cycles of treatment and in a small percent of treatment cycles and were mostly reversible . chemotherapy - and anti-vascular epithelial growth factor ( VEGF ) - associated AEs occurred rarely and in a small proportion of cycles with the majority being of single occurrence . addition of aflibercept to FOLFIRI showed a continued and persistent improvement in overall survival over time in patients with mCRC . grade 3-4 AEs were more frequent in the aflibercept arm , they occurred in early treatment cycles and decreased sharply following initial presentation ."
1174,Abstract #1174,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of an alpha-lactalbumin-enriched formula with a protein profile and total protein concentration closer to human milk ( HM ) and lower than conventional formulas . hundred and sixteen healthy , term infants , < or = 14 days post-natal age were enrolled and 166 ( 76.9 % ) completed the study . post-prandial plasma essential amino-acid levels were determined after 8 weeks of ad libitum study feeding . events were assessed every 2 weeks . 8 weeks , all mean plasma essential amino-acid levels in the experimental formula ( EF ) group were as high as the standard formula ( SF ) and HM groups . incidence of feeding-related gastrointestinal ( GI ) events varied significantly ( P = 0.025 ) across groups : SF ( 31.3 % ) , EF ( 17.2 % ) and HM ( 13.6 % ) , with SF being significantly higher than HM ( P = 0.015 ) . withdrawals due to feeding-related GI events were significantly different ( P = 0.001 ) across groups : SF ( 12.5 % ) , EF ( 4.7 % ) , and HM ( 0 % ) . timing of GI events was also significantly different across groups ( P = 0.010 ) . study demonstrated that feeding a higher quality , lower protein concentration formula ( alpha-lactalbumin-enriched ) met all essential amino acid and protein requirements of infants . GI tolerance profile of infants receiving the EF was similar to HM-fed infants ."
1175,Abstract #1175,"damage that is associated with percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) partially affects the results of the procedure , and is related to medium-term cardiovascular death . postischemic conditioning might reduce the myocardial lesions that are associated with PCI , but perhaps less so in diabetics . aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of remote postischemic conditioning in patients undergoing elective PCI for stable angina or non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome with troponin < 1 ng/ml at the time of randomization . randomized single-blinded single-center clinical trial involved 320 patients undergoing elective PCI who were randomized to either receive three 5-min cycles of ischemia by inflation of a cuff on the non-dominant arm to 200 mm Hg ( remote postischemic conditioning ) or to placebo ( uninflated cuff ) . primary outcome variable was the maximum increase in troponin in the first 24 h. secondary outcome variable was readmission due to heart failure or cardiovascular mortality after 1 year of follow-up . addition , a diabetic population was studied . clinical trial evaluated the possible reduction in intervention-related myocardial damage that was attributable to remote postischemic conditioning ."
1176,Abstract #1176,"multicentre , randomized , placebo-controlled double-masked study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Rimexolone 1 % eye drops in reducing inflammation after cataract surgery and intra-ocular lens implantation . 1 % ( 124 patients ) or placebo ( 58 patients ) was given , four times a day for 14 days starting 22-34 hours after surgery . patients also received tobramycin 0.3 % four times a day for 7 days . clinical signs of ocular inflammation were recorded on days 1 , 3 , 8 , 15 and 17 or 18 . 1 % markedly decreased the mean inflammation severity scores , and the sum of clinical assessments of cells and flare in the anterior chamber compared with placebo at each assessment . addition , the percentage of patients with no anterior chamber inflammation was significantly higher with Rimexolone 1 % than with the placebo at each assessment . these results were statistically significant . pressure did not rise after treatment with Rimexolone 1 % . results suggest that Rimexolone 1 % ophthalmic solution is an effective and safe steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for topical use following cataract surgery and intra-ocular lens implantation ."
1177,Abstract #1177,"objective of the study was to characterize the biological and technical components of variability associated with longitudinal measurements of FEV ( 1 ) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity ( Dlco ) . was apportioned to subject and instrument for five commercially available pulmonary function testing ( PFT ) systems : Collins CPL ( Ferraris Respiratory ; Louisville , CO ) ; Morgan Transflow Test PFT System ( Morgan Scientific ; Haverhill , MA ) ; SensorMedics Vmax 22D ( VIASYS Healthcare ; Yorba Linda , CA ) ; Jaeger USA Masterscreen Diffusion TP ( VIASYS Healthcare ; Yorba Linda , CA ) ; and Medical Graphics Profiler DX System ( Medical Graphics Corporation ; St. Paul , MN ) . was a randomized , replicated cross-over , single-center methodology study in 11 healthy subjects aged 20 to 65 years . and Dlco measurements were performed at baseline , 3 months , and 6 months . simulations of FEV ( 1 ) and Dlco were performed on the same instruments on four occasions over a 90-day period using a spirometry waveform generator and a Dlco simulator . coefficient of variation associated with repetitive measurements of FEV ( 1 ) or Dlco in subjects was consistently larger than that associated with repetitive simulated waveforms across the five instruments . accounted for 13 to 58 % of the total FEV ( 1 ) and 36 to 70 % of the total Dlco variability observed in subjects . size estimates of hypothetical studies designed to detect treatment group differences of 0.050 L in FEV ( 1 ) and 0.5 mL/min/mm Hg in Dlco varied as much as four times depending on the instrument utilized . results provide a semiquantitative assessment of the biological and technical components of PFT variability in a highly standardized setting . illustrate how instrument choice and test variability can impact sample size determinations in clinical studies that use FEV ( 1 ) and Dlco as end points ."
1178,Abstract #1178,"dysfunction in patients with biliary obstruction is associated with extracellular water depletion . study examined the effect of preoperative saline infusion before biliary drainage on hormonal and renal functional derangements in patients with obstructive jaundice . a randomized study , 49 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice were investigated at baseline , on the day of drainage , and at 24 h , 72 h and 7 days after internal endoscopic biliary drainage . were randomized to receive ( n = 22 ) or not to receive ( n = 27 ) 3000 ml normal saline intravenously for 24 h before drainage . analysed included extracellular water volume , creatinine clearance , and serum levels of aldosterone , renin , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , vasopressin and albumin . saline infusion produced a rise in creatinine clearance , diuresis , ANP concentration and extracellular water volume but this did not translate into better recovery of renal function after operation . produced a fall in creatinine clearance in all patients , but hormonal and renal function had recovered by 2 days after restoration of bile flow , independently of preoperative hydration . administration expands the extracellular water compartment before drainage but fails to improve renal function after drainage . improvement in endocrine and renal function requires the restoration of bile flow into the duodenum ."
1179,Abstract #1179,"investigate the effects of unilateral isokinetic exercises on the one-legged standing balance of the contralateral lower extremity . volunteer sample of 32 healthy adults ( 12 men and 20 women ) was randomized to training and control groups . training group received unilateral hip isokinetic exercises of the dominant leg for two weeks . single-limb balance was measured before and after intervention , including three stability index scores of balance using Biodex Stability System : Anterior-Posterior Stability Index ( APSI ) , Medio-lateral Stability Index ( MLSI ) , and Overall Stability Index ( OSI ) scores . of pre-test and post-test data revealed significant improvements in APSI , MLSI , and OSI scores in the training group ( p < 0.05 ) , but not in the control group . gains of stability scores from pre - to post-test , were also significantly greater ( p < 0.05 ) in the training group than the control group . results suggest that contralateral training with unilateral isokinetic exercises increases the one-legged standing balance of the contralateral limb following a short duration of training ."
1180,Abstract #1180,"identify risk factors for stress fracture among young female distance runners . were 127 competitive female distance runners , aged 18-26 , who provided at least some follow-up data in a randomized trial among 150 runners of the effects of oral contraceptives on bone health . completing a baseline questionnaire and undergoing bone densitometry , they were followed an average of 1.85 yr . participants had at least one stress fracture during follow-up . characteristics associated ( P < 0.10 ) in multivariate analysis with stress fracture occurrence were one or more previous stress fractures ( rate ratio [ RR ] [ 95 % confidence interval ] = 6.42 ( 1.80-22 .87 ) , lower whole-body bone mineral content ( RR = 2.70 [ 1.26-5 .88 ] per 1-SD [ 293.2 g ] decrease ) , younger chronologic age ( RR = 1.42 [ 1.05-1 .92 ] per 1-yr decrease ) , lower dietary calcium intake ( RR = 1.11 [ 0.98-1 .25 ] per 100-mg decrease ) , and younger age at menarche ( RR = 1.92 [ 1.15-3 .23 ] per 1-yr decrease ) . not statistically significant , a history of irregular menstrual periods was also associated with increased risk ( RR = 3.41 [ 0.69-16 .91 ] ) . factors did not affect risk . results of this and other studies indicate that risk factors for stress fracture among young female runners include previous stress fractures , lower bone mass , and , although not statistically significant in this study , menstrual irregularity . study is needed of the associations between stress fracture and age , calcium intake , and age at menarche . the importance of stress fractures to runners , identifying preventive measures is of high priority ."
1181,Abstract #1181,"examine the effectiveness of whole body vibration ( WBV ) on tone , muscle force , sensation and functional performance in people with multiple sclerosis . randomized cross-over pilot study . MS Support Therapy Centre . , UK . people with multiple sclerosis were randomly allocated to one of two groups . 1 received four weeks of whole body vibration plus exercise three times per week , two weeks of no intervention and then four weeks of exercise alone three times per week . 2 were given the two treatment interventions in the reverse order to group 1 . walk , Timed Up and Go Test , Modified Ashworth Scale , Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale ( MSSS-88 ) , lower limb muscle force , Nottingham Sensory Assessment and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale ( MSIS-29 ) were used before and after intervention . exercise programme had positive effects on muscle force and well-being , but there was insufficient evidence that the addition of whole body vibration provided any further benefit . Modified Ashworth Scale was generally unaffected by either intervention , although , for each group , results from the MSSS-88 showed whole body vibration and exercises reduced muscle spasms ( P = 0.02 ) . results for the 10-m walk and Timed Up and Go Test improved , this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.56 ; P = 0.70 , respectively ) . most subjects sensation was unaffected by whole body vibration . may be beneficial to those with multiple sclerosis , but there is limited evidence that the addition of whole body vibration provides any additional improvements . larger scale studies into the effects of whole body vibration in people with multiple sclerosis are essential ."
1182,Abstract #1182,"the fact that both general anaesthetics and hypotensive drugs influence autonomic nervous activity , no study has yet examined the heart rate variability during deliberate hypotension and general anaesthesia . aim of this was to clarify the heart rate variability changes during deliberate hypotension under sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia . nervous system activity in patients ( n = 45 ) subjected to deliberate hypotension during sevoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia was investigated by a heart rate variability measurement . different types of hypotensive drugs , a calcium channel antagonist ( nicardipine ) , a nitric oxide donor ( nitroglycerin ) and a vasodilatory prostaglandin ( alprostadil ) , were used to induce hypotension . all groups , low frequency power ( sympathetic and parasympathetic indicator ) and the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power ( the LF/HF ratio , sympathetic indicator ) were suppressed by induction of anaesthesia . the control group , preanaesthesia low frequency power was 195 + / - 139 ms ( 2 ) , the LF/HF ratio 10.3 + / - 5.7 , during anaesthesia 5 + / - 9 ms ( 2 ) , 0.6 + / - 0.8 , respectively , P = 0.0093 , 0.0034 , whereas high frequency power ( parasympathetic indicator ) was not significantly changed . those patients receiving nicardipine or nitroglycerin during anaesthesia , these variables did not differ significantly from those in the control group . prostaglandin E1 infusion , high frequency power was higher compared with the values in the other groups ( 17 + / - 12 ms ( 2 ) in the prostaglandin group , 7 + / - 6 ms ( 2 ) in the nicardipine group , 6 + / - 5 ms ( 2 ) in the nitroglycerin group and 6 + / - 4 ms ( 2 ) in the control group , respectively , P = 0.0326 , 0.0251 , 0.0197 ) . in nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia reduces sympathetic autonomic activity considerably , and the expected increases caused by hypotensive agents that occur in awake volunteers were not seen ."
1183,Abstract #1183,"study therapeutic effects of embracing knee and rolling lumbar ( EKRL ) training on the pain and the function of lumbar of patients with degenerative osteoarthritis of lumbar spine . 2006.8 to 2008.1 , 150 patients with degenerative osteoarthritis of lumbar spine were randomly divided into the control group , EKRL training group and the combined group . the control group ( n = 50 ) , there were 16 females and 34 males , the average age was ( 58.8 + / - 10.2 ) years and the average course of diseases was ( 16.3 + / - 14.9 ) months . the EKRL training group ( n = 50 ) , there were 13 females and 37 males , the average age was ( 60.1 + / - 8.2 ) years and the average course of disease was ( 17.1 + / - 15.3 ) months . the combined group ( n = 50 ) , there were 15 females and 35 males , the average ages was ( 59.9 + / - 11.4 ) years and the average course of diseases was ( 19.8 + / - 17.2 ) months . patients in three groups were treated with Meloxicam tablets , EKRL training and two above methods combination respectively . 3 weeks treatment , the curative effect , the visual analogous scores and the ODI indexes were observed . the patients were followed up and the duration ranged from 6 to 24 months ; the changes of average ODI indexes were observed monthly . 3 weeks treatment , the therapeutic effects in three groups had obvious difference after Ridit analyses : there were significant differences between the combined group and other two groups ( P < 0.01 ) , but no obvious differences existed in other two groups . with before treatment , the visual analogue scale scores and the ODI indexes in three groups reduced significantly ( P < 0.01 ) . treatment , the visual analogue scale scores and the ODI indexes of the combined group had significant differences compared with those of other two groups ( P < 0.01 ) , but the ODI indexes of other two groups had no obvious differences . 6 to 24 months following-up , the monthly changes of average ODI indexes of EKRL training and combined groups had obvious differences compared with that of the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . training is a simple , no expense and effective methods for preventing and treating degenerative osteoarthritis of lumbar spine ."
1184,Abstract #1184,"determine if lower extremity functional tests are reliable and valid screening tests of lower extremity dynamic alignment in healthy young athletes . experimental test-re-test . three-dimensional pelvis and lower extremity kinematics were quantified in 23 uninjured young athletes ( 111 years ) during three lower extremity functional tests ( Small Knee Bend [ SKB ] , Single Leg SKB and Drop Jump ) and Running . nine camera motion analysis system captured three trials of all tests . functional tests were repeated by 10 young athletes eight to ten weeks later . 3D and Labview were used to process all data . correlation coefficients ( ICC ) and typical errors ( TE ) were used to assess within - and between-day reliability of all variables . correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations between peak kinematics during the SKB and Drop Jump and between the Single Leg SKB and Running . reliability was excellent ( ICC0 .85 ) and between-day reliability was excellent to good ( ICC range 0.60-0 .92 ) for the majority of kinematic variables . for peak lower extremity kinematics between SKB and Drop Jump were moderate to very large ( r = 0.39-0 .87 ) as were correlations between Single Leg SKB and Running ( r = 0.45-0 .84 ) . during the SKB and single leg SKB have moderate to high reliability and are similar to those during a drop jump or running ."
1185,Abstract #1185,"angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan is an effective antihypertensive agent with unique uricosuric properties . study evaluates the uricosuric effects of losartan in 10 hypertensive heart transplant patients with hyperuricemia . patients were randomized to receive losartan 50 mg once daily and enalapril 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks according to a double-blind crossover design . blood pressure , plasma uric acid levels , and urinary uric acid excretion were monitored throughout the study . uric acid levels decreased significantly after 4 weeks of treatment with losartan ( P < 0.05 ) but not with enalapril . day 1 and after 1 month of treatment , a significant increase in uric acid excretion was observed only with losartan . decreases in office systolic and diastolic blood pressures were obtained with enalapril but not with losartan . effectively lowers plasma uric acid levels in hyperuricemic heart transplant patients ."
1186,Abstract #1186,"topical antispasmodic agent l-menthol is useful for inhibiting gastric peristalsis during diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy . , it remains unclear whether l-menthol is similarly effective during therapeutic endoscopy , thereby improving treatment outcomes in a clinical setting . total of 83 patients scheduled to undergo endoscopic treatment at 8 Japanese referral centers were randomly assigned to receive l-menthol or placebo . degree of gastric peristalsis ( peristaltic score : grade 1-5 ) was assessed by an independent committee . primary outcome was the proportion of subjects in whom no or mild peristalsis ( grade 1 or 2 ) was maintained throughout endoscopic treatment . outcomes were the duration of sustained response and the incidence of adverse drug reactions . proportion of patients with no or mild peristalsis was significantly higher in the l-menthol group ( 85.4 % , 95 % confidence intervals 70.8-94 .4 : 35/41 subjects ) than in the placebo group ( 39.0 % , 24.2-55 : 16/41 ; P < 0.001 ) . sustained response rates in the l-menthol and the placebo were , respectively , 90.0 and 39.6 % 30 min post-dose , and 79.9 and 35.7 % at the completion of the resection . sustained response rates were significantly higher in the l-menthol group than in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 , log-rank test ) . incidence of adverse drug reactions did not differ significantly between the two groups ( P = 1.000 ) . gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection , spraying l-menthol on the gastric mucosa significantly suppressed peristalsis , with minimal adverse drug reactions as compared with placebo . solution might be useful for therapeutic endoscopy ."
1187,Abstract #1187,"explore the safety and effectiveness of the individually determined application granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation ( ASCT ) . administration of G-CSF from day +5 ( arm A ) was compared in a randomised , controlled trial with delayed , individually determined administration ( G-CSF started when WBC > or = 0.5 x 10 ( 9 ) / L and ANC > or = 0.1 x 10 ( 9 ) / L or at day +10 ; arm B ) , and with placebo ( arm C ) . hundred and six patients , median age 45 ( range 21-64 ) , all with malignant lymphoma treated with BEAM chemotherapy were analysed . significant difference in the time to neutrophil engraftment and in the duration of neutropenia < 0.5 x 10 ( 9 ) / L and < 1.0 x 10 ( 9 ) / L was observed between the arms ( P = 0.04 - < 0.0001 ) with a 1-d prolongation of the median durations in arm B in comparison with arm A but a 2-4-d prolongation in the placebo arm C in comparison with arm B. median number and range of days to neutrophil engraftment > 0.5 x 10 ( 9 ) / L after graft re-infusion was 10 ( 9-14 ) in arm A ; 11 ( 9-19 ) in arm B ; and 14 ( 10-30 ) in arm C ( P < 0.0001 ) . of platelets to > 20 x 10 ( 9 ) / L and > 50 x 10 ( 9 ) / L was significantly delayed in the arms using G-CSF in comparison with placebo ( P = 0.04-0 .002 ) without any increase in bleeding or in transfusion requirement . was no difference in the incidence and duration of transplant-related complications and their treatment between the arms . study has confirmed the safety of individually determined administration of G-CSF . optimal timing of G-CSF application after ASCT in patients with good-quality grafts is shortly before expected spontaneous engraftment ."
1188,Abstract #1188,"compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes between perineal shaving and hair cutting in parturients on admission in labor hundred pregnant women with labor pain and no medical or obstetric complications were selected at random on admission to be assigned into two groups at Rajavithi Hospital from 1st November 2001 to 28th February 2002 . two women were excluded because of cesarean section . hundred and twenty-seven cases received perineal hair cutting and 231 cases received perineal shaving . gestational age at delivery was statistically significant difference between those receiving perineal hair cutting ( 39.4 week ) comparing with those receiving perineal shaving ( 39.1 week ) ( p < 0.05 ) . was no statistically significant difference in 2 groups for puerperal morbidity , perineal wound infection and dehiscence . were no neonatal infection and puerperal infection in both groups , where as both accoucheurs and perineorrhaphy operators were more satisfied the perineal shaving group than the cutting group ( p < 0.001 ) . shaving or hair cutting on admission in labor had no statistical significant difference effect on the perineal wound infection and dehiscence , neonatal infection , puerperal morbidity and infection ."
1189,Abstract #1189,"iliaca block ( FIB ) is often used to treat pain after total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) , despite a lack of randomized trials to evaluate its efficacy for this indication . objective of this study was to assess the analgesic benefit of FIB after THA . primary hypothesis was administration of FIB decreases the intensity of postoperative pain ( numeric rating scale [ NRS-11 ] score ) compared with sham block ( SB ) in patients after THA . institutional review board approval and informed consent , 32 eligible patients having THA were recruited . the postoperative care unit , although all patients received intravenous morphine sulfate patient-controlled analgesia , patients reporting pain of 3 or greater on the NRS-11 scale were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca ( 30 mL 0.5 % ropivacaine ) or SB ( 30 mL 0.9 % NaCl ) using identical technique , below fascia iliaca . primary outcome was pain intensity ( NRS-11 ) after FIB . patients ( 16 in each group ) completed the study ; all patients received an FIB . was no difference in pain intensity ( NRS-11 = 5.0 0.6 vs 4.7 0.6 , respectively ) after FIB versus SB or in opioid consumption ( 8.97 1.6 vs 5.7 1.6 mg morphine , respectively ) between the groups at 1 hour . morphine consumption after 24 hours was similar in both groups ( 49.0 29.9 vs 50.4 34.5 mg , P = 0.88 , respectively ) . evidence in these data suggests that the difference in average pain intensity after FIB versus SB was not significant ( 95 % confidence interval , -2.2 -1.4 NRS units ) ."
1190,Abstract #1190,"skin reactions as a local side effect of nicotine patches sometimes interfere with smoking cessation therapy . studied the effects of semipermeable membrane dressings ( SMD ) used under nicotine patches ( NP ) on nicotine absorption , as assessed according to the urinary cotinine levels , and skin symptoms . , the urinary cotinine levels were compared in eight nonsmokers that applied NP over SMD and NP without SMD ( Study 1 ) . urinary cotinine levels were measured using a highly sensitive competitive enzyme immunoassay . , 28 subjects undergoing NP therapy for diagnosed nicotine dependence were randomly assigned into two groups in a crossover design to receive NP over SMD and NP without SMD . urinary cotinine levels and skin symptoms were compared between the two treatment groups . the follow-up period of 48 weeks , the smoking cessation rate was evaluated ( Study 2 ) . statistical differences were observed in the urinary cotinine levels between the NP over SMD and NP without SMD groups . Study 2 , the skin symptoms improved with the use of SMD in 42.8 % ( 6/14 ) of the patients and worsened in 28.5 % ( 4/14 ) of the patients . serious skin disorders were reported . subjects followed in Study 2 exhibited smoking cessation rates of 92.8 % , 78.5 % and 64.2 % at 12 , 24 and 48 weeks , respectively . use of NP over SMD is a safe and effective alternative application to NP treatment for preventing the skin symptoms caused by NP without interfering with nicotine absorption ."
1191,Abstract #1191,"investigate whether low-intensity ergometer aerobic training has beneficial effect on glucose tolerance in nondiabetic patients with severely impaired stroke . severely impaired stroke survivors were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group and control group . have no diabetes history with fasting plasma glucose less than 7 mmol/L . groups participated in a 6-week rehabilitation training program with low-intensity ergometer aerobic training added only in the experimental group 3 times per week . outcome variables were fasting glucose , fasting insulin , 2-hour glucose , and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) in oral glucose tolerance test before and after intervention . intervention , 36 of 54 ( 66.7 % ) were diagnosed with impaired glucose status or diabetic glucose tolerance totally . average 2-hour plasma glucose level was 9.14 1.39 mmol/L . intervention , aerobic training significantly improved fasting insulin ( from 8.51 2.01 U/mL to 7.11 2.02 U/mL ) , 2-hour glucose level ( from 9.13 1.14 mmol/L to 7.22 1.23 mmol/L ) , and HOMA-IR ( from 1.62 1.01 to 1.29 .79 ) in the intervention group compared with the control group ( P < .05 ) . training also significantly improved their glucose tolerance state ( P < .05 ) . findings suggest that abnormal glucose tolerance may be highly present among severely impaired nondiabetic stroke patients and low-intensity ergometer aerobic training may have beneficial role in improving glucose tolerance ."
1192,Abstract #1192,"dehiscence is a serious and potentially devastating complication after median sternotomy , especially in diabetic obese patients . optimal technique for sternal closure is unclear in these patients . purpose of this prospective randomized study was to compare the incidence of sternal dehiscence after prophylactic sternal weave and figure-of-eight suturing in diabetic obese patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) . patients were randomly assigned to group A ( figure-of-eight closure ; n = 75 ) or group B ( sternal weave closure ; n = 75 ) . were 8 cases of sternal dehiscence documented : 7 in group A and 1 in group B. group A , 5 patients had noninfectious sternal dehiscence and 2 patients underwent reoperation because of sternal dehiscence with mediastinitis . , 1 of the noninfected patients had deep-seated pain with a feeling of bony crepitus and needed reoperation . other 4 patients in group A and 1 patient with noninfectious sternal dehiscence in group B were given chest binder support . and bony crepitus decreased in the follow-up period of 1 year . dehiscence rates were 9.3 % in group A and 1.3 % in group B. Sternal dehiscence was significantly lower in group B ( p < 0.05 ) . sternal weave closure of median sternotomy reduces morbidity from sternal dehiscence in diabetic obese patients undergoing CABG ."
1193,Abstract #1193,"determine the acute hemodynamic response of single-dose coadministration of ibopamine plus nifedipine or diltiazem in patients with New York Heart Association functional class ( NYHA FC ) II-III congestive heart failure . single-blind , placebo-controlled , two-paired , crossover study . clinics at two large teaching hospitals . patients with NYHA FC II-III congestive heart failure who met the inclusion criteria were selected randomly . patients underwent right heart catheterization . 1 consisted of concomitant calcium channel blocker plus placebo , with cardiac and peripheral hemodynamic recordings from 30 minutes-24 hours . design was equivalent on day 2 , with single-dose administration of ibopamine plus calcium channel blocker . nifedipine-diltiazem augmented cardiac output and stroke volume secondary to decreasing systemic vascular resistance . nifedipine-ibopamine and diltiazem-ibopamine subgroups demonstrated relatively equal hemodynamics , augmenting cardiac index ( nifedipine 43 % , p < 0.05 ; diltiazem 40 % , p < 0.05 vs baseline ) while decreasing systemic vascular resistance ( nifedipine 41 % , p < 0.05 ; diltiazem 28 % , p NS vs baseline ) 30 minutes after the dose . contrast to single-dose diltiazem , the diltiazem-ibopamine subgroup exhibited an increased left ventricular filling pressure ( 122 % , p < 0.05 vs baseline ) and mean pulmonary artery pressure ( 43 % , p < 0.05 vs baseline ) at 30 minutes after the dose . patient experienced a transient episode of chest pain associated with increased heart rate and blood pressure with diltiazem-ibopamine . and ibopamine should be coadministered with caution in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction ."
1194,Abstract #1194,"investigate the prevalence of radiographic bone and joint abnormalities in the feet of diabetic patients . a blinded randomized study , 94 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy ( 54 with a history of foot ulcers ) and 43 non-neuropathic patients were drawn at random from the data base of a large university diabetes clinic in the United Kingdom . nondiabetic age-matched control subjects also were studied . and dorsi-plantar weight-bearing plain radiographs of the foot and ankle were taken by a single radiographer . in the bones and joints were determined according to a structured reading of the radiographs by a single radiologist . per se resulted in no excess of bony abnormality . patients with neuropathy had significantly more radiographic abnormalities of the bones and joints than non-neuropathic and age-matched nondiabetic control subjects . , except for periosteal reaction , this was predominantly caused by an excess of abnormalities in diabetic patients with a history of foot ulceration . fractures ( most previously unrecognized ) were found in 12 ( 22 % ) of the 54 neuropathic patients with previous foot ulceration , and 9 ( 16 % ) patients who had experienced foot ulcers exhibited characteristic Charcot changes . results suggest that bony abnormalities , particularly Charcot changes and traumatic fractures , are more frequent than previously recognized in neuropathic diabetic patients , especially in those with a history of foot ulceration . recognition of bony abnormality and appropriate treatment may prevent progression of foot deformity and thereby reduce the morbidity caused by ulceration or reulceration ."
1195,Abstract #1195,"effects of soy isoflavones on prostate cancer may be concentration-dependent . impact of soy supplementation on isoflavone concentrations in prostate tissues and serum remain unclear . assess and compare concentrations of soy isoflavones in prostate tissue and serum among 19 men with prostate cancer who had elected to undergo radical prostatectomy . were randomized to receive either daily soy supplements ( 82 mg/day aglycone equivalents ) or placebos for 2 weeks ( 14 days ) prior to surgery . samples were obtained at the time of the surgery . concentrations were measured by HPLC/ESI-MS-MS . median ( 25th , 75th percentile ) total isoflavone concentration in the isoflavone-supplemented group was 2.3 micromol/L ( 1.2 , 6.9 ) in the prostate tissue and 0.7 micromol/L ( 0.2 , 1.2 ) in the serum . isoflavone concentrations in this group were an average of approximately 6-fold higher in prostate tissue compared to serum ; the tissue versus serum ratio was significantly lower for genistein than daidzein , 4-fold versus 10-fold , P = 0.003 . and serum levels of isoflavones among the placebo group were negligible with a few exceptions . findings from the present study suggest that prostate tissue may have the ability to concentrate dietary soy isoflavones to potentially anti-carcinogenic levels ."
1196,Abstract #1196,"lateral sclerosis is a progressive motor neuron disease for which there is no adequate treatment . research suggests that the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate may be involved in the pathogenesis . evaluate the efficacy and safety of the antiglutamate agent riluzole , we conducted a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial in 155 outpatients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . dose of riluzole was 100 mg per day . was stratified according to the site of disease onset ( the bulbar region or the limbs ) . primary end points were survival and rates of change in functional status . main secondary end point was change in muscle strength . were undertaken after 12 months of treatment and at the end of the placebo-controlled period ( median follow-up , 573 days ) . 12 months , 45 of 78 patients ( 58 percent ) in the placebo group were still alive , as compared with 57 of 77 patients ( 74 percent ) in the riluzole group ( P = 0.014 ) . patients with bulbar-onset disease , one-year survival rates were 35 percent ( 6 of 17 ) with placebo and 73 percent ( 11 of 15 ) with riluzole ( P = 0.014 ) , whereas for those with limb-onset disease one-year survival was 64 percent and 74 percent , respectively ( P = 0.17 ) . survival advantage with riluzole was smaller ( 37 percent [ 29 of 78 ] with placebo vs. 49 percent [ 38 of 77 ] with riluzole ) at the end of the placebo-controlled period , but it remained significant in the overall population ( P = 0.046 ) as well as in the patients with bulbar-onset disease ( 18 percent [ 3 of 17 ] vs. 53 percent [ 8 of 15 ] , P = 0.013 ) . deterioration of muscle strength was significantly slower in the riluzole group than in the placebo group ( P = 0.028 ) . reactions to riluzole included asthenia , spasticity , and mild elevations in aminotransferase levels . patients in the riluzole group withdrew from the study , as compared with 17 in the placebo group . antiglutamate agent riluzole appears to slow the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , and it may improve survival in patients with disease of bulbar onset ."
1197,Abstract #1197,"compare the effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB ) valsartan versus the calcium channel blocker amlodipine , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) formation by monocytes , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and left ventricular ( LV ) mass were studied in 104 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) . is evidence that ARBs have blood pressure ( BP ) - independent effects on LV mass . regression of LV mass by ARBs is correlated to ROS formation by monocytes and CRP is not fully understood yet . cross-sectional and prospective study was performed . were randomly assigned to either the 80-mg valsartan ( n = 52 ) or 5-mg amlodipine ( n = 52 ) group and were treated for eight months . left ventricular mass index ( LVMI ) was calculated from two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography . of ROS by monocytes was measured by gated flow cytometry . addition , CRP , plasma renin activity , plasma aldosterone , and traditional risk factors were assessed . regression analysis showed a significant correlation between LVMI and ROS formation by monocytes and between LVMI and CRP . reduced BP to a similar extent in both groups . significantly reduced LVMI after eight months , but amlodipine had less effect ( 16 % vs. 1.2 % , n = 50 , p < 0.01 ) . of ROS by monocytes was reduced to a greater extent with valsartan than with amlodipine ( 28 % vs. 2 % , n = 50 , p < 0.01 ) . but not amlodipine reduced CRP levels . significant correlation between changes in ROS formation by monocytes and LVMI or between CRP and LVMI was observed . ARB valsartan has BP-independent effects on LVH , ROS formation by monocytes , and CRP in hypertensive patients with LVH ."
1198,Abstract #1198,"improvements in clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) can have a substantial impact on overall health care costs , yet little data exists on the costs associated with the most commonly studied clinical outcomes in this type of stroke . Factor Seven for Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke ( FAST ) trial was a randomized , multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial conducted between May 2005 and February 2007 at 122 sites in 22 countries . resource utilization associated with health care services was prospectively recorded in all patients up to day 90 after stroke onset . of disability included the modified Rankin Scale ( mRS ) , and the Barthel Index ( BI ) , while the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ( NIHSS ) measured neurological impairment . among resource use , health care costs , and disability/impairment were evaluated using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni testing . total of 820 patients had complete data . of stay ( LOS ) and total costs varied significantly by mRS scores at 90 days ( P < 0.0001 ) . LOS for mRS scores 0-5 and dead were 16 , 29 , 40 , 61 , 80 , 79 , and 14 days , respectively ; all categories of mRS had significantly different total LOS from their adjacent categories except mRS 0-1 and mRS 4-5 . total costs were $ 9,500 , $ 15,500 , $ 18,700 , $ 27,400 , $ 27,300 , $ 27,300 , and $ 8,100 , respectively ; costs rose incrementally up to mRS 3 , but were not significantly different for mRS 3 , 4 , and 5 . LOS and total costs varied significantly by the Barthel Index scores ( P < 0.0001 ) and NIHSS scores ( P < 0.0001 ) , yet significant incremental differences were only observed for the Barthel Index . care costs vary significantly by levels of disability as measured by the mRS , but costs do not vary across the full range of mRS outcomes . mRS is more informative than the Barthel index and NIHSS for discriminating the resource use and costs associated with different levels of disability after ICH ."
1199,Abstract #1199,"are limited data on the role of antireflux biliary stents . single-center randomized trial compared the endoscopic use of partly covered antireflux metal stents ( pcARMS ) with that of standard uncovered self-expandable metal stents ( ucSEMS ) for the palliation of nonhilar malignant biliary obstruction . August 2007 and February 2012 , patients with nonhilar malignant biliary obstruction were randomly assigned to treatment with either pcARMS or ucSEMS.Subsequent follow-up was conducted in clinic or by phone . primary outcome was onset of cholangitis within 12 months of stenting . outcomes included other morbidities , stent dysfunctions , and survival . 112 patients were included , 56 in each group.The stents were successfully deployed in all patients . jaundice control was achieved in 49 cases in the pcARMS group , compared with 47 in the ucSEMS group ( P = 0.135 ) . patients experienced cholangitis in the pcARMS group than in the ucSEMS group ( 10 vs. 21 patients ; P = 0.035 ) , and the frequency of episodes was less ( P = 0.022 ) . , 17 and 29 stent dysfunctions before death were observed in the pcARMS and ucSEMS groups ( P = 0.051 ) and the median stent patency was 13.0 ( standard deviation [ SD ] 3.4 ) and 10.0 ( 1.2 ) months , respectively ( P = 0.044 ) . final follow-up , in January 2013 , 50/52 and 52/55 patients had died and no difference in median survival was seen between the two groups ( 8.0 vs. 9.0 months , P = 0.56 ) . with pcARMS compared with standard ucSEMS reduces risk of ascending cholangitis and has longer stent patency , but does not increase patient survival . . , ChiCTR-TRC-11001800 ."
1200,Abstract #1200,"study used intravascular ultrasound ( IVUS ) to evaluate radial artery volume changes after intraarterial administration of nitroglycerin and/or verapamil . artery spasm , which is associated with radial artery size , is the main limitation of the transradial approach in percutaneous coronary interventions ( PCI ) . prospective , randomized study compared the effect of two intra-arterial vasodilator regimens on radial artery volume : 0.2 mg of nitroglycerin plus 2.5 mg of verapamil ( Group 1 ; n = 15 ) versus 2.5 mg of verapamil alone ( Group 2 ; n = 15 ) . artery lumen volume was assessed using IVUS at two time points : at baseline ( 5 minutes after sheath insertion ) and post-vasodilator ( 1 minute after drug administration ) . luminal volume of the radial artery was computed using ECOC Random Fields ( ECOC-RF ) , a technique used for automatic segmentation of luminal borders in longitudinal cut images from IVUS sequences . was a significant increase in arterial lumen volume in both groups , with an increase from 451 177 mm to 508 192 mm ( p = 0.001 ) in Group 1 and from 456 188 mm to 509 170 mm ( p = 0.001 ) in Group 2 . were no significant differences between the groups in terms of absolute volume increase ( 58 mm versus 53 mm , respectively ; p = 0.65 ) or in relative volume increase ( 14 % versus 20 % , respectively ; p = 0.69 ) . of nitroglycerin plus verapamil or verapamil alone to the radial artery resulted in similar increases in arterial lumen volume according to ECOC-RF IVUS measurements ."
1201,Abstract #1201,"feasibility of screening and early detection of prostate cancer are controversial issues at this time . conduct a randomized screening study with prostate cancer mortality as the major endpoint is one possible solution to the present controversy . pilot studies have been conducted in the Netherlands ( Rotterdam ) and Belgium ( Antwerp ) to evaluate the feasibility of a large scale European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer . and all other administrative steps necessary to conduct a large scale screening study were evaluated in the two centers . rates were from 30 % -42 % . adjustments in pilot protocols were made during the study and led to significant changes . procedures necessary to run a large scale randomized study were successfully established at the two centers . experience can be used to establish similar procedures in other European countries . in the no screening arm and information with relation to the major endpoint , prostate cancer mortality , are not yet available . the screening arm , detection rates varied from 3.2 % to 3.6 % . changes in the application of the screening tests made during the course of the pilot studies were the use of random biopsies for prostate specific antigen ( PSA ) values between 4 and 10 ng/ml as well as the biopsy indication for all suspicious lesions in those men with a PSA below 4.0 ng/ml . of all cancer cases were detected in this latter group . application of the screening tests to men with low PSA values is still under evaluation . pilot studies led to a common , agreed set of minimal requirements for participation in the European study . features include randomization , PC mortality as major endpoint , age 55-70 years , biopsy policy , rescreening interval , treatment policies , and follow-up . randomized screening study seems to be feasible in Europe ."
1202,Abstract #1202,"the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline at 200 mg/day delays relapse in recently abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals . study involved a 12-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial with 2-week residential stay followed by 10-week out-patient participation . Affairs residential unit and out-patient treatment research program . volunteers ( n = 86 ) with depressive symptoms ( Hamilton score > 15 ) , but otherwise no major psychiatric or medical disorder or contraindication to sertraline . were housed on a drug-free residential unit ( weeks 1-2 ) and randomized to receive sertraline or placebo . then participated on an out-patient basis during weeks 3-12 while continuing to receive study medication . participated in a day substance abuse/day treatment program during weeks 1-3 and underwent weekly cognitive behavioral therapy during weeks 4-12 . primary outcome measure was thrice-weekly urine results and the secondary measure was Hamilton Depression scores . analyses were performed on those who participated beyond week 2 . , no group differences in retention or baseline characteristics occurred . patients showed a trend towards longer time before their first cocaine-positive urine ( ` lapse ' , ( 2 ) = 3.67 , P = 0.056 ) , went significantly longer before having two consecutive urine samples positive for cocaine ( ` relapse ' , ( 2 ) = 4.03 , P = 0.04 ) and showed significantly more days to lapse ( 26.1 16.7 versus 13.2 10.5 ; Z = 2.89 , P = 0.004 ) and relapse ( 21.3 10.8 versus 32.3 14.9 ; Z = 2.25 , P = 0.02 ) . scores decreased over time ( F = 43.43 , P < 0.0001 ) , but did not differ between groups ( F = 0.09 , P = 0.77 ) . delays time to relapse relative to placebo in cocaine-dependent patients who initially achieve at least 2 weeks of abstinence ."
1203,Abstract #1203,"study was set up to assess whether postoperative suppression of gluconeogenesis by dextrose infusion would be influenced by continuous peripheral nerve block ( CPNB ) with local anesthetics , in comparison with epidural and with intravenous analgesia . patients , undergoing elective primary total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis , were randomly allocated to one of the three groups of 9 patients each : patient controlled analgesia ( PCA ) with i.v. morphine , epidural with bupivacaine 0.1 % and fentanyl 3mug/ml , or continuous femoral and sciatic blocks with ropivacaine 0.2 % . glucose production , an index of gluconeogenesis , and glucose clearance , an index of whole body glucose uptake , were assessed on the second postoperative day by measuring [ 6,6 - ( 2 ) H ( 2 ) ] glucose kinetics after an overnight fast ( fasted state ) , and during a 3-h period infusion of dextrose at 4 mg/kg/min ( fed state ) . analog scale ( VAS ) at rest and at knee flexion , use of morphine , mobilization , nutritional intake , and bowel function were also collected . glucose production was totally suppressed by 3 h of dextrose infusion in all 3 groups ( P < .001 ) while glucose clearance was unchanged . glucose and insulin increased ( P < .001 ) , while glucagon decreased , with the greatest change in the epidural group ( P < .05 ) . at rest and at knee flexion was significantly lower in patients receiving epidural and CPNB compared to i.v. morphine ( P < .05 ) . of bowel function , assessed as return of bowel movements , was faster in the CPNB group ( P < .05 ) . analgesia was achieved in the epidural and continuous nerve block groups . gluconeogenesis was totally suppressed by dextrose infusion independent of the analgesia technique with no change in glucose utilization ."
1204,Abstract #1204,"of dipeptidyl peptidase ( DPP ) IV are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents that increase glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) levels by inhibiting its degradation . study evaluated the pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , and tolerability of DA-1229 , which is a newly developed DPP IV inhibitor . study was planned as part of a product development project at the request of the Korean regulatory agency . 7 parallel arm dose-escalation study was conducted in healthy Korean male volunteers . single oral dose of DA-1229 or placebo was given to 10 subjects ( 8 active + 2 placebo ) in each dose group of 1.25 , 2.5 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 40 , or 60 mg . assess the effects of food , the subjects in the 10-mg dose group received a single dose of DA-1229 10 mg after a high-fat meal , crossing over from the administration of DA-1229 under a fasting state , after a 7-day washout period . blood samples were collected up to 120 hours after drug administration for pharmacokinetic analysis and the assessment of DPP IV activity , and blood samples were collected up to 2 hours after each meal until the next morning of drug administration to evaluate active GLP-1 , glucose , and insulin levels . subjects , aged 20 to 39 years and weighing 52.1 to 79.8 kg , participated in this study . adverse events were reported ; all were mild , and all subjects recovered spontaneously . reached a peak at 3.0 to 5.5 hours after a single oral dose and the concentrations declined , with a terminal t ( ) from 32.5 to 39.8 hours . % CV of C ( max ) and AUC ( 0-last ) ranged from 11.1 % to 54.6 % . pharmacokinetics were confirmed within the dose range by using a linear regression analysis , and the 95 % CIs of the slope of the log-transformed C ( max ) and AUC ( 0-last ) included 1.0 . pharmacokinetics of DA-1229 were unchanged by food . degree of DPP IV inhibition was dependent on the dose , and groups receiving 10 mg exhibited > 80 % DPP IV inhibition for > 24 hours . % CV of the time of the last quantifiable concentration ranged from 4.6 % to 15.2 % . ( max ) of active GLP-1 was achieved at 30 minutes after meal intake . active GLP-1 levels were enhanced in groups receiving 5 mg . were no changes in the glucose and insulin levels after DA-1229 administration . was well tolerated within the dose range of 1.25 to 60 mg . pharmacokinetics suggested dose proportionality , and dose-dependent DPP IV inhibition was exhibited . identifier : NCT00961025 ."
1205,Abstract #1205,"evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of repeat doses of buccal misoprostol compared to vaginal misoprostol for second trimester pregnancy termination by induction . requesting termination of a pregnancy between 18 and 22 weeks gestation were approached for participation . women received 400 mcg misoprostol vaginally on admission . were randomized to receive subsequent doses of 200 mcg misoprostol every 6 h either buccally or vaginally . participants completed an acceptability survey . women participated . mean gestational age was 19.7 weeks . median time to abortion in the buccal group was 15 h , which was not significantly different ( p = 0.44 ) from the vaginal-only group of 12 h. Most women in both groups preferred their allocated administrative route . doses of buccal misoprostol are as effective as vaginal misoprostol in inducing abortions in the midtrimester and are highly acceptable to most women . is reasonable to offer both options to women ."
1206,Abstract #1206,"study was done to compare 2 techniques of pulse oximeter sensor application during neonatal resuscitation for faster signal detection . to infant first ( STIF ) and then to oximeter was compared with sensor to oximeter first ( STOF ) and then to infant in 28 weeks gestations . primary outcome was time from completion of sensor application to reliable signal , defined as stable display of heart rate and saturation . from birth to sensor application , time taken for sensor application , time from birth to reliable signal , and need to reapply sensor were secondary outcomes . intention-to-treat analysis was done , and subgroup analysis was done for gestation and need for resuscitation . hundred fifty neonates were randomized with 75 to each technique . median ( IQR ) time from sensor application to detection of reliable signal was longer in STIF group compared with STOF group ( 16 [ 15-17 ] vs. 10 [ 6-18 ] seconds ; P < 0.001 ) . taken for application of sensor was longer with STIF technique than with STOF technique ( 12 [ 10-16 ] vs. 11 [ 9-15 ] seconds ; P = 0.04 ) . from birth to reliable signal did not differ between the 2 methods ( STIF : 61 [ 52-76 ] seconds ; STOF : 58 [ 47-73 ] seconds [ P = .09 ] ) . taken for signal acquisition was longer with STIF than with STOF in both subgroups . the delivery room setting , the STOF method recognized saturation and heart rate faster than the STIF method . time from birth to reliable signal was similar with the 2 methods ."
1207,Abstract #1207,"is a negative factor in the recovery process of postoperative patients . causes pulmonary alterations and complications , and it also affects functional capacity . studies have investigated the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) during the postoperative period . , no studies have assessed the effects of TENS on kidney donors . , the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of TENS on pain , walking function , respiratory muscle strength and vital capacity in kidney donors . patients were randomly allocated into two groups : active TENS or placebo TENS . patients were assessed for pain intensity , respiratory muscle strength , vital capacity and walking function before and after the TENS application on the first day of the postoperative period . use of active TENS significantly reduced pain at rest ( p = 0.006 ) , during the measurement of maximal inspiratory pressure ( p = 0.006 ) , during maximal expiratory pressure ( p = 0.004 ) and during vital capacity ( p = 0.013 ) . TENS also produced a significant increase in maximal expiratory pressure when compared with the placebo TENS group ( p = 0.001 ) . inspiratory pressure , vital capacity and walking function were not significantly different between the two treatment groups . results suggest that TENS decreases pain intensity at rest and during respiratory manoeuvres and increases maximal expiratory pressure during the postoperative period in kidney donors after open nephrectomy ."
1208,Abstract #1208,"determine whether needle acupuncture may be useful in the reduction of leg spasticity in a chronic state . , randomized , placebo-controlled trial . outpatient department of a medical school in Germany . patients ( 14 women ) suffering from chronic poststroke leg spasticity with pes equinovarus deformity ( Modified Ashworth Scale [ MAS ] score , > / = 1 ) , aged 38 to 77 years ( mean + / - standard deviation , 58.5 + / -10.4 y ) , were enrolled in the study . mean time from stroke to inclusion in the study was approximately 5 years ( mean , 65.4 + / -48.3 mo ; range , 7-180 mo ) . were randomly assigned to placebo treatment ( n = 12 ) by using a specially designed placebo needling procedure , or verum treatment ( n = 13 ) . score of the affected ankle , pain ( visual analog scale ) , and walking speed . was no demonstrated beneficial clinical effects from verum acupuncture . 4 weeks of treatment , mean MAS score was 3.3 + / -0.9 in the placebo group versus 3.3 + / -1.1 in the verum group . neurophysiologic measure of H-reflex indicated a significant increase of spinal motoneuron excitability after verum acupuncture ( H-response/M-response ratio : placebo , .39 + / -.19 ; verum , .68 + / -.41 ; P < .05 ) . effect might be explained by afferent input of A delta and C fibers to the spinal motoneuron . results from our study indicate that needle acupuncture may not be helpful to patients with chronic poststroke spasticity . , there was neurophysiologic evidence for specific acupuncture effects on a spinal ( segmental ) level involving nociceptive reflex mechanisms ."
1209,Abstract #1209,"still is debated whether post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) pancreatitis can be prevented by administering either somatostatin or gabexate mesylate . aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of a 6.5-hour infusion of somatostatin or gabexate mesylate in preventing ERCP-related complications . a double-blind multicenter trial , 1127 patients undergoing ERCP were randomly assigned to intravenous administration of somatostatin ( 750 microg ; n = 351 ) , gabexate mesylate ( 500 mg ; n = 381 ) , or placebo ( saline ; n = 395 ) . drug infusion started 30 minutes before and continued for 6 hours after endoscopy . were evaluated clinically , and serum amylase levels were determined at 4 , 24 , and 48 hours after endoscopy . significant differences in incidences of pancreatitis , hyperamylasemia , or abdominal pain were observed among the placebo ( 4.8 % , 32.6 % , and 5.3 % , respectively ) , somatostatin ( 6.3 % , 26.8 % , and 5.1 % , respectively ) , and gabexate mesylate groups ( 5.8 % , 31.5 % , and 6.3 % , respectively ) . analysis of patient characteristics and endoscopic maneuvers showed that a Freeman score > 1 ( P < 0.0001 ) , > / = 3 pancreatic injections ( P < 0.00001 ) , and precut sphincterotomy ( P = 0.01 ) were significantly associated with post-ERCP pancreatitis . multiple logistic regression analysis , > / = 3 pancreatic injections ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.95 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.45-2 .63 ) and a Freeman score > 1 ( OR , 1.47 ; 95 % CI , 1.11-1 .94 ) retained their predictive power . ( 6.5-hr ) administration of either somatostatin or gabexate mesylate is ineffective for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis . injury seems to be related to difficulty in common bile duct access ."
1210,Abstract #1210,"reflux ( GER ) is common in anesthetized dogs and can cause esophagitis , esophageal stricture , and aspiration pneumonia . determine whether preanesthetic IV administration of esomeprazole alone or esomeprazole and cisapride increases esophageal pH and decreases the frequency of GER in anesthetized dogs using combined multichannel impedance and pH monitoring . healthy dogs undergoing elective orthopedic surgery procedures . , randomized , placebo-controlled study . were randomized to receive IV saline ( 0.9 % NaCl ) , esomeprazole ( 1 mg/kg ) alone , or a combination of esomeprazole ( 1 mg/kg ) and cisapride ( 1 mg/kg ) 12-18 hours and 1-1 .5 hours before anesthetic induction . esophageal pH/impedance probe was utilized to measure esophageal pH and detect GER . of 21 dogs in the placebo group ( 38.1 % ) , 8 of 22 dogs in the esomeprazole group ( 36 % ) , and 2 of 18 dogs in the combined esomeprazole and cisapride group ( 11 % ) had 1 episode of GER on impedance testing during anesthesia ( P < .05 ) . was associated with a significant increase in gastric and esophageal pH ( P = .001 ) , but the drug did not significantly decrease the frequency of GER ( P = .955 ) . administration of cisapride was associated with a significant decrease in the number of reflux events ( RE ) compared to the placebo and esomeprazole groups ( P < .05 ) . administration of cisapride and esomeprazole decreases the number of RE in anesthetized dogs , but administration of esomeprazole alone was associated with nonacid and weakly acidic reflux in all but 1 dog ."
1211,Abstract #1211,"trials on docetaxel plus cisplatin ( DDP ) ( TP regimen ) in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) are still uncertain due to limited samples . study was to compare the short-term efficacy and toxicity of induction chemotherapy with TP regimen followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TP regimen versus DDP in treating locally advanced NPC . patients with stage T3-4N2-3M0 NPC diagnosed pathologically from December 2005 to December 2006 were randomized into TP group ( 30 patients ) and DDP group ( 27 patients ) . groups received TP regimen as induction chemotherapy with docetaxel ( 70 mg/m ( 2 ) ) on Day 1 and DDP ( 80 mg/m ( 2 ) ) on Day 2 , repeating every 21 days for 2 cycles . concurrent chemotherapy , TP group were administered docetaxel ( 60 mg/m ( 2 ) ) on Day 1 and DDP ( 80 mg/m ( 2 ) ) on Day 2 ; DDP group were administered DDP ( 80 mg/m ( 2 ) ) on Day 1 . schedules were repeated every 21 days for 2 cycles . accelerator was used as radioactive source . field was designed with CT-simulation and conventional fractions . 57 patients received 111 cycles of induction chemotherapy , and 53 of them received 103 cycles of concurrent chemotherapy ; four patients ceased induction chemotherapy and three ceased concurrent chemotherapy . patients completed radiotherapy . major toxicity of induction chemotherapy was hematologic toxicity ; the main toxicities of concurrent chemoradiotherapy were hematologic toxicity and mucositis . occurrence rates of Grade 3-4 leucopenia and Grade 3-4 neutropenia were significantly higher in TP group than in DDP groups ( p < 0.05 ) . concurrent chemoradiotherapy , the application rate of granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) was significantly higher in TP group than in DDP group ( 100 % vs. 72.0 % , p < 0.05 ) . concurrent chemoradiotherapy , the complete remission ( CR ) rates of the nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes were 93.3 % and 92.9 % in TP group , and were 96.3 % and 91.3 % in DDP group ( p > 0.05 ) . short-term efficacy of induction chemotherapy with TP regimen followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TP regimen on locally advanced NPC is similar to that of TP regimen followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with DDP . toxicity of the former schedule is severer than that of the latter , but it is tolerable with the use of G-CSF . long-term efficacy of induction chemotherapy with TP regimen followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TP regimen need to be further studied ."
1212,Abstract #1212,"study aimed to investigate the effect of adding amantadine to risperidone for treatment of autism . outpatients aged 4 to12 years , who were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition , Text Revision criteria , were assigned to this double-blind clinical trial . subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups . group received risperidone plus amantadine , and the other group received risperidone plus placebo . dose of risperidone was titrated between 1 and 2.0 mg/d , and the dose of amantadine was 100 or 150 mg/d for patients less than 30 kg or more than 30 kg , respectively . patients were assessed using the Aberrant Behavioral Checklist-Community ( ABC-C ) and adverse effects checklist as well as clinical global impression-improvement ( CGI-I ) at2 checkpoints of 5-week intervals after the baseline . consentwas obtained from the parents of each participant . ABC-C subscales , Hyperactivity and Irritability showed significantly greater reduction in the amantadine group than the placebo group . was no significant difference in adverse effects between the 2 groups . CGI-I scores show significant improvement in the amantadine group compared to the placebo group . present study suggests that amantadine may be a potential adjunctive treatment strategy for autism and it was generally well tolerated ."
1213,Abstract #1213,"sought to determine whether patients with functional mitral regurgitation ( FMR ) would benefit from ventricular reshaping by the Coapsys device ( Myocor , Inc. , Maple Grove , Minnesota ) . occurs when ventricular remodeling impairs valve function . is a ventricular shape change device placed without cardiopulmonary bypass to reduce FMR . compresses the mitral annulus and reshapes the ventricle . hypothesized that Coapsys for FMR would improve clinical outcomes compared with standard therapies . ( Randomized Evaluation of a Surgical Treatment for Off-Pump Repair of the Mitral Valve ) was a randomized , prospective , multicenter study of patients with FMR and coronary disease with core laboratory analysis . enrollment , patients were stratified to the standard indicated surgery : either coronary artery bypass graft alone or coronary artery bypass graft with mitral valve repair . each stratum , randomization was to either control ( indicated surgery ) or treatment ( coronary artery bypass graft with Coapsys ventricular reshaping ) . study was terminated when the sponsor failed to secure ongoing funding ; 165 patients were randomized . and Coapsys both produced decreases in left ventricular ( LV ) end-diastolic dimension and MR at 2 years ( p < 0.001 ) ; Coapsys provided a greater decrease in LV end-diastolic dimension ( p = 0.021 ) . had lower MR grades during follow-up ( p = 0.01 ) . showed a survival advantage compared with control at 2 years ( 87 % vs. 77 % ) ( hazard ratio : 0.421 ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.200 to 0.886 ; stratified log-rank test ; p = 0.038 ) . survival ( including death , stroke , myocardial infarction , and valve reoperation ) was significantly greater with Coapsys at 2 years ( 85 % vs. 71 % ) ( hazard ratio : 0.372 ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.185 to 0.749 ; adjusted log-rank test ; p = 0.019 ) . of RESTOR-MV indicates that patients with FMR requiring revascularization treated with ventricular reshaping rather than standard surgery had improved survival and a significant decrease in major adverse outcomes . trial validates the concept of the ventricular reshaping strategy in this subset of patients with heart failure . Randomized Evaluation of a Surgical Treatment for Off-Pump Repair of the Mitral Valve [ RESTOR-MV ] ; NCT00120276 ) ."
1214,Abstract #1214,"explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of intensive lipid modulation on the perioperative period of patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing noncardiac surgery . the study , 60 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective noncardiac surgery were randomly divided into intensive lipid modulation group ( n = 30 ) and conventional group ( n = 30 ) . intensive lipid modulation group , the patients were given atorvastatin 40 mg every night before surgery , 80 mg 12 h before surgery , and 40 mg 2 h before surgery , and 40 mg every night after noncardiac surgery . conventional group , the patients were given atorvastatin 20 mg every night before surgery and also after the surgery . occurrence of perioperative major adverse cardiac events ( including sudden cardiac death , acute myocardial infarction , unplanned revascularization ) were compared in the two groups . and 48 h postoperative changes of lipid levels and inflammatory markers were also compared in the two groups . conventional group , one patient suffered myocardial infarction with acute anterior ST-segment elevation and was given emergency left anterior descending artery interventional reperfusion therapy , and 7 patients suffered asymptomatic myocardial infarction . intensive lipid modulation group , one patient suffered asymptomatic myocardial infarction , and the incidence rate of perioperative acute myocardial infarction reduced significantly compared with conventional group ( P < 0.05 ) . was no significant difference in preoperative and postoperative changes of lipid levels in the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) , and compared with conventional group , there was significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers in intensive lipid modulation group ( P < 0.05 ) . intensive lipid modulation group significantly reduced the incidence of perioperative major adverse cardiac events especially asymptomatic myocardial infarction , and the inhibition of the inflammatory response may be one of the protective mechanisms , which still needs to be further confirmed by large multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials ."
1215,Abstract #1215,"African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension ( AASK ) is an ongoing trial to evaluate the effect of blood pressure and choice of antihypertensive drug on the rate of decline of renal function . present the success of the AASK in achieving the trial 's rigorous blood pressure goals in an extremely challenging patient population . AASK participants included African American patients with hypertension ( n = 1094 ) , aged 18 to 70 years , with glomerular filtration rates between 20 and 65 mL/min per 1.73 m ( 2 ) and no other identified causes of renal insufficiency . were randomized to a goal mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) of either 102 to 107 mm Hg ( usual MAP goal ) or 92 mm Hg or less ( low MAP goal ) . in each of these groups were also randomized ( double-blind ) to a regimen containing metoprolol succinate , ramipril , or amlodipine besylate . agents were added , if required , in the following recommended order : furosemide , doxazosin mesylate , clonidine hydrochloride , or hydralazine hydrochloride ( or minoxidil , if needed ) . participants randomized to the low MAP goal , the percentage of participants who achieved a blood pressure of less than 140/90 mm Hg increased from a baseline of 20.0 % to 78.9 % by 14 months after randomization . usual MAP goal participants , the corresponding percentages increased from 21.5 % to 41.8 % . difference in median levels of MAP between the 2 MAP goal groups increased and remained at approximately 12 mm Hg . pressure reduction was similar regardless of age , sex , body mass index , education , insurance or employment status , income , or marital status . blood pressure goals set and achieved in AASK participants clearly demonstrate that adequate blood pressure control can be achieved even in hypertensive populations whose blood pressure is the most difficult to control ."
1216,Abstract #1216,"the HORIZONS trial , in-hospital treatment with bivalirudin reduced bleeding and mortality in primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) compared with heparin and routine glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors ( GPI ) . is unknown whether this advantage of bivalirudin is observed in comparison with heparins only with GPI used as bailout . the EUROMAX study , 2198 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) were randomized during transport for primary PCI to bivalirudin or to heparins with optional GPI . and principal outcome was the composites of death or non-CABG-related major bleeding at 30 days . pre-specified analysis compared patients receiving bivalirudin ( n = 1089 ) with those receiving heparins with routine upstream GPI ( n = 649 ) and those receiving heparins only with GPI use restricted to bailout ( n = 460 ) . primary outcome death and major bleeding occurred in 5.1 % with bivalirudin , 7.6 % with heparin plus routine GPI ( HR 0.67 and 95 % CI 0.46-0 .97 , P = 0.034 ) , and 9.8 % with heparins plus bailout GPI ( HR 0.52 and 95 % CI 0.35-0 .75 , P = 0.006 ) . adjustment by logistic regression , bivalirudin was still associated with significantly lower rates of the primary outcome ( odds ratio 0.53 , 95 % CI 0.33-0 .87 ) and major bleeding ( odds ratio 0.44 , 95 % CI 0.24-0 .82 ) compared with heparins alone with bailout GPI . of stent thrombosis were higher with bivalirudin ( 1.6 vs. 0.6 vs. 0.4 % , P = 0.09 and 0.09 ) . , started during transport for primary PCI , reduces major bleeding compared with both patients treated with heparin only plus bailout GPI and patients treated with heparin and routine GPI , but increased stent thrombosis ."
1217,Abstract #1217,"clinical trial . compare the effectiveness of 2 different conservative management approaches in the treatment of plantar heel pain . is insufficient evidence to establish the optimal physical therapy management strategies for patients with heel pain , and little evidence of long-term effects . with a primary report of plantar heel pain underwent a standard evaluation and completed a number of patient self-report questionnaires , including the Lower Extremity Functional Scale ( LEFS ) , the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure ( FAAM ) , and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale ( NPRS ) . were randomly assigned to be treated with either an electrophysical agents and exercise ( EPAX ) or a manual physical therapy and exercise ( MTEX ) approach . of interest were captured at baseline and at 4-week and 6-month follow-ups . primary aim ( effects of treatment on pain and disability ) was examined with a mixed-model analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) . hypothesis of interest was the 2-way interaction ( group by time ) . subjects ( mean [ SD ] age , 48.4 [ 8.7 ] years ) satisfied the eligibility criteria , agreed to participate , and were randomized into the EPAX ( n = 30 ) or MTEX group ( n = 30 ) . overall group-by-time interaction for the ANOVA was statistically significant for the LEFS ( P = .002 ) , FAAM ( P = .005 ) , and pain ( P = .043 ) . differences favored the MTEX group at both 4-week ( difference in LEFS , 13.5 ; 95 % CI : 6.3 , 20.8 ) and 6-month ( 9.9 ; 95 % CI : 1.2 , 18.6 ) follow-ups . results of this study provide evidence that MTEX is a superior management approach over an EPAX approach in the management of individuals with plantar heel pain at both the short - and long-term follow-ups . studies should examine the contribution of the different components of the exercise and manual physical therapy programs . , level 1b ."
1218,Abstract #1218,"is at least as effective as anastrozole in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer whose disease has previously progressed or recurred on antiestrogen therapy . data have shown that , at the approved dose ( 250 mg/month ) , it takes approximately 3-6 months for fulvestrant to reach steady-state levels . , a more rapid attainment of steady state might reduce the number of early progressions . pharmacokinetic model simulating plasma concentrations expected to be achieved with a fulvestrant loading dose ( LD ) regimen suggested that steady state might be achieved earlier with the LD . aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of the fulvestrant LD regimen . pharmacokinetic substudy was conducted within a phase III trial , EFECT ( Evaluation of Fulvestrant versus Exemestane Clinical Trial ) , comparing fulvestrant with exemestane in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive advanced breast cancer whose disease had progressed or recurred following nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor treatment . received fulvestrant intramuscularly using a LD regimen of 500 mg on day 0 , 250 mg on days 14 and 28 , and then 250 mg each month thereafter . samples were collected throughout the first month and on day 28 of each subsequent month . fulvestrant concentrations were determined by highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry , and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated with nonlinear mixed-effects modeling . patients receiving fulvestrant were enrolled into the pharmacokinetic substudy , and 269 fulvestrant plasma concentrations were recorded . fulvestrant concentration ( 19.7 ng/mL ) was observed at an average of 12 days within the first month and maintained at 12-15 ng/mL throughout the remainder of the dosing period . plasma levels were attained within the first month of treatment with fulvestrant LD , in line with the predictions of the pharmacokinetic model ."
1219,Abstract #1219,"of preterm labor involves the use of tocolytic drugs to inhibit preterm uterine contractions . study compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous administration of atosiban and ritodrine in the treatment of spontaneous preterm labor . randomized study was conducted in pregnant women of Chinese origin in Taiwan with threatened preterm delivery . were randomized to receive either atosiban ( n = 23 ) or ritodrine ( n = 22 ) . efficacy of the drug was assessed as the proportion of women who did not deliver and did not need alternative tocolytic treatment at 7 days after therapy initiation . of the drugs was assessed as the number of adverse events or neonatal morbidity . number of women who did not deliver and did not require alternative tocolytic therapy at 7 days was similar between the atosiban and ritodrine groups . were no serious adverse events , but maternal cardiovascular adverse events , particularly tachycardia , occurred significantly more in women treated with ritodrine ( 0 % atosiban vs. 18.18 % ritodrine , p < 0.05 ) . was no difference in neonatal or infant outcome between the two drugs . present study showed similar effectiveness between atosiban and ritodrine , while tachycardia occurred more frequently in women treated with ritodrine . results indicate that atosiban is an effective tocolytic drug without the conventional cardiovascular side effects often seen with beta-agonist treatment ."
1220,Abstract #1220,"significance of anal sphincter injury from transanal inserted staplers was studied . randomized , controlled comparison was made of anorectal manometry and clinical function after sigmoid colectomy ( avoiding nerve injury from rectal mobilization ) , anastomosed by either transanal inserted stapler or biofragmentable anastomotic ring ( avoiding anal manipulation ) . consecutive patients with sigmoid adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to transanal inserted stapler or biofragmentable anastomotic ring groups . manometry and clinical bowel function assessment were performed by an independent blinded observer before surgery and six weeks and six months after surgery . six weeks after surgery , there was significant impairment of mean anal resting pressures ( mean impairment , 23 percent ; P < 0.001 ) and physiologic anal length ( mean impairment , 31 percent ; P < 0.01 ) in the transanal inserted stapler group ( 27 completed the trial ) , but not in the biofragmentable anastomotic ring group ( 18 completed the trial ) . remained impaired at six months . changes in the anal pressures were compared between groups , the mean anal resting pressure ( P < 0.001 ) and maximum squeeze pressure ( P < 0.01 ) at six weeks and mean anal resting pressure at six months ( P < 0.01 ) were significantly more impaired in the transanal inserted stapler group . bowel function was not different between the two groups . complications were similar . the transanal inserted stapler group one patient died of anastomotic leak sepsis and one had wound infection ; in the biofragmentable anastomotic ring group one patient died of myocardial infarct and one had wound infection . injuries to the internal anal sphincter occurred after transanal inserted stapler but not biofragmentable anastomotic ring anastomoses . function was not correspondingly affected , probably because of the adequate residual rectal reservoir after sigmoid colectomy ."
1221,Abstract #1221,"study sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance ( CMR ) for detecting cardiac allograft vasculopathy ( CAV ) using contemporary invasive epicardial artery and microvascular assessment techniques as reference standards , and to compare the performance of CMR with that of angiography . continues to limit the long-term survival of heart transplant recipients . angiography has a Class I recommendation for CAV surveillance and annual or biannual surveillance angiography is performed routinely inmost centers . transplant recipients referred for surveillance angiography at a single UK center over a 2-year period were prospectively screened for study eligibility . prospectively underwent coronary angiography followed by coronary intravascular ultrasound , fractional flow reserve , and index of microcirculatory resistance . 1 month , patients underwent multiparametric CMR , including assessment of regional and global ventricular function , absolute myocardial blood flow quantification , and myocardial tissue characterization . addition , 10 healthy volunteers underwent CMR . patients were recruited , median 7.1 years ( interquartile range : 4.6 to 10.3 years ) since transplantation . CMR myocardial perfusion reserve was the only independent predictor of both epicardial ( = -0.57 , p < 0.001 ) and microvascular disease ( = -0.60 , p < 0.001 ) on stepwise multivariable regression . CMRmyocardial perfusion reserve significantly outperformed angiography for detecting moderate CAV ( area underthe curve , 0.89 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 0.79 to 1.00 ] vs. 0.59 [ 95 % CI : 0.42 to 0.77 ] , p = 0.01 ) and severe CAV ( area under the curve , 0.88 [ 95 % CI : 0.78 to 0.98 ] vs. 0.67 [ 95 % CI : 0.52 to 0.82 ] , p = 0.05 ) . , including epicardial and microvascular components , can be detected more accurately using noninvasive CMR-based absolute myocardial blood flow assessment than with invasive coronary angiography , the current clinical surveillance technique ."
1222,Abstract #1222,"report describes the training of dental examiners participating in two dental caries clinical trials and reports the inter - and intra-examiner reliability scores from the initial standardization sessions . examiners were trained to use a modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System II system to detect the visual signs of non-cavitated and cavitated dental caries in adult subjects . caries was classified as no caries ( S ) , non-cavitated caries ( D1 ) , enamel caries ( D2 ) , and dentine caries ( D3 ) . standardization sessions involving 60 subjects and 3,604 tooth surface calls were used to calculate several measures of examiner reliability . prevalence of dental caries observed in the standardization sessions ranged from 1.4 percent to 13.5 percent of the coronal tooth surfaces examined . agreement between pairs of examiners ranged from 0.88 to 0.99 . intra-class coefficient threshold of 0.60 was surpassed for all but one examiner . unweighted kappa values were low ( 0.23-0 .35 ) , but weighted kappas and the ratio of observed to maximum kappas were more encouraging ( 0.42-0 .83 ) . highest kappa values occurred for the S/D1 versus D2/D3 two-level classification of dental caries , for which seven of the eight examiners achieved observed to maximum kappa values over 0.90 . reliability was notably higher than inter-examiner reliability for all measures and dental caries classifications employed . methods and results for the initial examiner training and standardization sessions for two large clinical trials are reported . for others planning examiner training and standardization sessions are offered ."
1223,Abstract #1223,"routine use of drainage after axillary node dissection in patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy ( BCT ) is being questioned . determine the value of routine drainage , we evaluated the postoperative course of patients with primary breast carcinoma who underwent axillary dissection with or without axillary drainage . retrospective review of 69 patients prompted a prospective randomized trial of 46 patients undergoing BCT at our tertiary cancer center . studied were age , treatment ( drain or no drain ) , number and tumor status of excised lymph nodes , size of primary tumor , duration of drainage or aspiration , number and volume of aspirations , number of office visits , incidence of complications and degree of pain , change in arm or forearm circumference , and body mass index ( BMI ) . from prospective and retrospective studies were pooled for analysis . 115 patients , 72 were treated with a drain ( Drain group ) and 43 were not ( No-drain group ) . there was no difference in the number or tumor status of excised nodes , the size of the primary tumor , or the incidence of complications between the two groups . was required in 50 % of the No-drain patients and 8.3 % of the Drain patients . incidence of drain placement or replacement postoperatively was 9.3 % for the No-drain patients and 4.2 % for the Drain patients . No-drain patients had more office visits ( 5.1 + / - 0.4 vs. 3.6 + / - 0.1 ; P = .0002 ) and a longer interval between operation and last aspiration or drain removal ( 16.2 + / - 1.4 days vs. 11.3 + / - 0.6 days ; P = .0040 ) . were similar in the subgroup of 46 prospectively studied patients , who included 24 Drain patients and 22 No-drain patients . this group , pain evaluation using a scale of 0 to 10 showed a mean rating of 4.2 + / - 2.6 in Drain patients and 2.7 + / - 0.4 in No-drain patients ( P = .0062 ) . node dissection can be managed with or without a drain . office visits but less pain can be expected if a drain is not used ."
1224,Abstract #1224,"rapidly reverses neuromuscular blockade induced by bolus rocuronium doses , but it has not been investigated after continuous rocuronium infusion in surgical patients . therefore examined the clinical effect of sugammadex for neuromuscular blockade induced by continuous rocuronium infusion in adults undergoing surgery under maintenance anesthesia with sevoflurane or propofol . four-center , comparative , parallel-group study , randomly assigned 52 adult patients ( American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I-III ) to maintenance anesthesia with sevoflurane or propofol . blockade was induced by bolus injection of 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium followed by continuous infusion of 7 microg x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) rocuronium adjusted to maintain a neuromuscular blockade depth of zero response to train-of-four and a posttetanic count of no more than 10 responses . single dose of 4 mg/kg sugammadex was administered at first twitch ( T1 ) 3-10 % . primary clinical effect variable was recovery time to a train-of-four ratio of 0.9 . recovery time from start of sugammadex administration to a train-of-four ratio of 0.9 in the sevoflurane and propofol groups was 1.3 and 1.2 min , respectively . estimated difference in recovery time between groups was 9 s ( 95 % confidence interval -6 to 20 s ) , entirely within the predefined equivalence interval . plasma rocuronium concentration just before sugammadex administration was 33 % lower during maintenance anesthesia with sevoflurane than with propofol . was well tolerated . adverse event ( procedural hypotension ) was considered to be probably related to sugammadex . sugammadex ( 4 mg/kg ) after continuous rocuronium infusion is equally effective and well tolerated during maintenance anesthesia with sevoflurane or propofol ."
1225,Abstract #1225,"compare visual acuity , intraocular lens ( IOL ) movement , and depth of focus with the Crystalens HD single-optic accommodating IOL and the Tecnis ZCB00 aspheric monofocal IOL . Thomas ' Hospital , London , United Kingdom . randomized controlled trial . with bilateral symptomatic cataract had bilateral sequential cataract surgery within 6 weeks with randomized implantation of the accommodating or monofocal IOL in both eyes . criteria included other ocular conditions and corneal astigmatism greater than 2.00 diopters . primary outcome was uniocular distance-corrected near visual acuity ( DCNVA ) . measures were IOL movement , depth of focus , intermediate and distance vision , objective refraction , and pupil size at distance and near fixation . from 3 months postoperatively are presented . months postoperatively , 64 patients ( 32 in each group ) were available for study . distance vision was not statistically significantly different between the accommodating IOL and monofocal IOL ( mean 0.05 logMAR versus 0.06 logMAR ) . mean DCNVA ( 0.48 logMAR 0.15 [ SD ] versus 0.61 0.13 logMAR ) and intermediate visual acuity ( 0.08 0.1 logMAR versus 0.20 0.09 logMAR ) were significantly better with the accommodating IOL ( P < .001 ) . IOL had clinically significant movement , and near vision did not directly correlate with movement of the accommodating IOL . accommodating IOL provided greater depth of focus . and intermediate acuities were better with the accommodating IOL . effect was not directly linked to IOL movement but was at least partly due to depth of focus ."
1226,Abstract #1226,"investigate the interplay between resistance and adherence in the virological failure of three fundamentally different highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) regimens . retrospectively identified 56 verified primary virological failures ( viral load > 400 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL ) among 293 patients randomized to two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIs ) + ritonavir + saquinavir ( RS-arm ) ( n = 115 ) , two NRTIs + nevirapine + nelfinavir ( NN-arm ) ( n = 118 ) , or abacavir + stavudine + didanosine ( ASD-arm ) ( n = 60 ) followed up for a median of 90 weeks . on adherence were collected from patient files , and genotyping was performed on plasma samples collected at time of failure . interruption or poor adherence was mainly caused by side effects and accounted for 74 % of failures , and was associated with absence of resistance mutations . the 30 failing patients not switched from randomized treatment , we found resistance in two of 12 patients in the RS-arm ( M184 V only ) , four of six patients in the NN-arm [ all four had non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ( NNRTI ) mutations ] , and seven of 12 patients in the ASD-arm ( NRTI mutations only ) . adherent patients on randomized treatment failed in the RS-arm , none in the NN-arm , and six in the ASD-arm . virological failure was caused mainly by treatment interruption . primary protease inhibitor ( PI ) mutations were found in patients failing on boosted saquinavir , whereas resistance to NNRTIs and NRTIs was prevalent in several patients failing on regimens based on these medications ."
1227,Abstract #1227,"effect hydration status has on exposure to hypoxia is unclear . purpose of the study was to identify how hydration status , above and below euhydrated levels , affects the physiological responses and onset of acute mountain sickness symptoms during acute normobaric hypoxia . males completed intermittent walking tests under normobaric hypoxic conditions ( FIo2 = 0.13 ) after controlled hyperhydration , hypohydration , and euhydration protocols . range of physiological , psychological , and altitude illness markers were monitored throughout the 125-minute exposure . rate , core temperature , peripheral arterial oxygen saturation , urine osmolality , and mean self-reported Lake Louise Questionnaire acute mountain sickness scores were significantly different between euhydration , hypohydration , and hyperhydration , respectively , and closely correlated with environmental symptoms questionnaire , Lake Louise questionnaire , and headache scores ( P < .05 ) . measures of ventilation and lung function were also significantly different between hydration conditions ( P < .05 ) . state above and below euhydration has detrimental consequences on physiological strain and onset of acute mountain sickness symptoms when exposed to acute normobaric hypoxia ."
1228,Abstract #1228,"assess the efficacy of oral nefazodone in the treatment of cocaine dependence . 10-week randomized double-blind clinical trial was performed . 210 subjects fulfilled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV ( DSM-IV ) criteria for cocaine dependence and were assigned randomly to 300 mg/day of oral nefazodone ( N ) or placebo ( P ) . drug use , retention interval in treatment , adherence to prescription and depressive symptoms were assessed by the Hamilton scale . from cocaine for 3 weeks or more was achieved by 49.5 % ( N ) and 45.7 % ( P ) ( P = 0.58 ) , but 16.2 % ( N ) and 22.9 % ( P ) used other drugs during abstinence . average interval to resumption of drug use was 33.9 days ( N ) and 36.1 days ( P ) . effects were reported by 45.8 % ( N ) and 29.5 % ( P ) ( P = 0.01 ) . for these events was needed more often in N ( 24.0 % ) than in P ( 9.5 % ) ( P < 0.02 ) . results do not support the indication of nefazodone for out-patient treatment of inhaled cocaine dependence with or without other associated drug dependence diagnoses ."
1229,Abstract #1229,"investigate a motilin effect on gallbladder volume in healthy volunteers and patients with functional dyspepsia . healthy volunteers and 10 patients with functional dyspepsia received motilin ( 4 pmol.min / kg ) or placebo in four separate double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , cross-over studies . gallbladder volume was measured by ultrasonography . of variance of the combined data of these studies was performed to investigate a motilin effect on gallbladder volume and potential differences between patients and healthy volunteers . baseline gallbladder volume was similar for placebo and motilin treatment , as well as for patients and healthy volunteers . , compared with placebo , significantly decreased the gallbladder volume in healthy volunteers ( P = 0.003 ) and patients ( P < 0.0001 ) . linear concentration-response relationship was observed . decrease in gallbladder volume by motilin was greater in patients ( P = 0.03 ) . motilin effect was consistent between studies . interdigestive gallbladder volume is a non-invasive end-point for motilin activity , displaying a consistent response across studies , a clear response to motilin and a clear concentration-response relationship . , it is less suitable as a biomarker for future pharmacological studies on motilin agonists or antagonists as the effect is probably indirect , and a relatively large study population of 27 subjects is required to demonstrate a 15 % decrease in gallbladder volume . investigation is required to confirm altered gallbladder motility as a feature of functional dyspepsia ."
1230,Abstract #1230,"study assessed the efficacy of methylphenidate versus placebo for cancer-related fatigue reduction . objectives were to analyze cytokine levels and to determine the effects of methylphenidate on other symptoms , cognitive function , work yield , and patients ' perceptions and preferences . were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) to receive methylphenidate-placebo or placebo-methylphenidate for 4 weeks . crossed over after 2 weeks . signed rank tests and McNemar tests were used to assess continuous and categorical variables . primary efficacy endpoint was change in the level of worst fatigue on the Brief Fatigue Inventory ( BFI ) at the end of each 2-week period . mean baseline BFI score was moderate ( 5.7 ) . treatment did not affect patients ' worst level of fatigue or other symptoms . from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digit Symbol Test and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test with BFI interference questions and BFI activity questions showed significant improvement in the methylphenidate-treated patients ' verbal learning , memory , visual perception , analysis , and scanning speed . treated with methylphenidate missed significantly fewer work hours owing to health reasons and worked significantly more hours . 4 weeks , 64 % of patients reported that methylphenidate improved their cancer-related fatigue , and 58 % wanted to continue treatment . difference in interleukin 6R ( positive ) , interleukin 10 ( negative ) , and tumor necrosis factor ( positive ) was noted between the methylphenidate and the placebo group . methylphenidate did not improve cancer-related fatigue . taking methylphenidate had better cognition and were able to work more hours . tolerated methylphenidate well , and the majority felt better and wanted to continue treatment ."
1231,Abstract #1231,"is a lack of evidence to recommend a particular type of posterior occlusal form for conventional complete dentures . purpose of this study was to compare subject satisfaction with 3 types of posterior occlusal forms for complete dentures in a randomized cross-over controlled trial . each participant ( n = 45 ) , 3 sets of complete dentures were fabricated , each of which had a different posterior occlusal form ( 0-degree , anatomic , and lingualized ) . set was worn for 8 weeks in a randomized order . data were collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile 20-EDENT ( OHIP-EDENT ) . Wilcoxon statistical test was used to compare differences between the groups ( alpha = .05 ) . posterior occlusal forms were perceived to be significantly superior in terms of painful aching in the mouth ( P = .01 ) , sore spots ( P < .001 ) , eating ability ( P = .02 ) , and meal interruptions ( P = .008 ) , compared with 0-degree posterior occlusal forms . with anatomic posterior occlusal forms had significantly fewer problems eating ( P = .05 ) compared with 0-degree posterior occlusal forms . was no significant difference found between the lingualized and anatomic posterior occlusal forms . provided with complete dentures having lingualized or anatomic posterior occlusal forms exhibited significantly higher levels of self-perceived satisfaction compared to those with 0-degree posterior occlusal forms ."
1232,Abstract #1232,"aim of this report was to evaluate 12-month outcomes of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) in the FINESSE ( Facilitated Intervention with Enhanced Reperfusion Speed to Stop Events ) trial . delays remain common for patients with primary PCI leading to studies evaluating possible benefit of `` facilitated '' PCI . the FINESSE trial , no reduction in the 90-day primary ischemic end point and an increase in bleeding were observed with both facilitated approaches , although modest favorable trends were seen for some patient subgroups . total of 2,452 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( MI ) and anticipated 1 to 4 h delay until catheterization were randomized to reduced-dose reteplase + abciximab , abciximab alone , or placebo , followed by expedited primary PCI . patients received abciximab in the cath lab . mortality was a pre-specified secondary end point . mortalities in the 3 groups noted in the preceding text were 6.3 % , 7.4 % , and 7.0 % , respectively ( p = NS ) , representing 1.1 % , 1.9 % , and 2.5 % increments since the 90-day outcome ( p = 0.053 for combination treatment vs. primary PCI ) . favorable trend with combination treatment was seen for patients with anterior MI ( p = 0.09 ) , but no other specified groups benefited or tended to benefit . baseline correlates of 1-year mortality were systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg , prior MI , age , Killip class > 1 , anterior MI , body mass index < or = 25 kg/m ( 2 ) , heart rate > 100 beats/min , and no statin use . results suggest that widespread utilization of the facilitated approaches tested can not be justified , but that high-risk patient groups such as patients with anterior MI may deserve further study . The FINESSE trial ; NCT00046228 ) ."
1233,Abstract #1233,"are insulin-sensitizing agents that reduce neointimal proliferation and the adverse clinical outcomes associated with percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) in patients with diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . is little data on whether or not low dose pioglitazone reduces adverse clinical outcomes . study population included 121 DM patients with coronary artery disease and they were randomly assigned to 60 patients taking 15 mg of pioglitazone daily in addition to their diabetic medications and 61 patients with placebo after the index procedure with drug-eluting stents ( DESs ) . primary end points were rate of in-stent restenosis ( ISR ) and change in atheroma volume and in-stent neointimal volume . secondary end points were all-cause death , myocardial infarction ( MI ) , stent thrombosis and re-PCI . were no statistical differences in the clinical outcomes and the rate of ISR between the two groups [ all-cause death ; n = 0 ( 0 % ) in the pioglitazone group vs. n = 1 ( 1.6 % ) in the control group , p = 0.504 , MI ; n = 2 ( 3.3 % ) vs. n = 1 ( 1.6 % ) , p = 0.465 , re-PCI ; n = 6 ( 10.0 % ) vs. n = 6 ( 9.8 % ) , p = 0.652 , ISR ; n = 4 ( 9.3 % ) vs. n = 4 ( 7.5 % ) , p = 1.000 , respectively ] . were no differences in changes in neointimal volume , percent neointimal volume , total plaque volume and percent plaque volume between the two groups on intravascular ultrasonography ( IVUS ) study . study demonstrated that low dose pioglitazone does not reduce rate of ISR , neointimal volume nor atheroma volume in DM patients who have undergone PCI with DESs , despite the limitations of the study ."
1234,Abstract #1234,"cleft lip repair is performed in infants under 1 year of age . efficacy of an infraorbital nerve block vs intravenous fentanyl was compared in our prospective , randomized controlled trial . infants scheduled for primary cleft lip repair were prospectively randomized to one of two groups : group F that received 2 mcg x kg ( -1 ) of fentanyl intravenously and an infraorbital nerve block with 0.5 ml on each side of preservative-free normal saline , and , group B that received bilateral infraorbital nerve blocks with 0.5 ml on each side of 0.25 % bupivacaine and 2 ml of preservative-free saline solution intravenously after induction of anesthesia but prior to surgical incision . were observed by a blinded observer for ( i ) pain scores using neonatal infant pain score ; ( ii ) need for rescue medication in the anesthesia care unit ( PACU ) , in the short stay unit ( SSU ) and at home and ( iii ) feeding parameters including difficulty in feeding , time to first feeding and volume of feeds in the PACU , SSU and at home . were no significant differences in pain scores between the two groups over time ( P = 0.98 ) ; there were no differences between groups in the number of rescue medications in the PACU , in the SSU as well as at home ; however , the time to first rescue medication was greater in the block group compared with the fentanyl group ( P = 0.07 ) . were no significant differences in feeding volumes between groups in the PACU ( P = 0.46 ) , SSU ( P = 0.57 ) and at home ( P = 0.15 ) . were no differences in time to initiate feeding between the two groups ( P = 0.81 ) . , there was difficulty with feeding in the block groups compared with the fentanyl group ( P = 0.01 ) . infraorbital nerve block can be effectively used for pain control in infants undergoing primary cleft lip repair . children undergoing a nerve block experienced minor difficulties in feeding , there were no differences in feeding volumes or other feeding parameters . study has shed light into postoperative outcomes besides pain control on children undergoing cleft lip repairs ."
1235,Abstract #1235,"to the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) is associated not only with knee instability and impaired neuromuscular control , but also with altered postural orientation manifested as observable `` substitution patterns '' . , tests currently used to evaluate knee function in subjects with ACL injury are not designed to assess postural orientation . , we are in the process of developing an observational test set that measures postural orientation in terms of the ability to stabilize body segments in relation to each other and to the environment . aim of the present study was to characterise correlations between this novel test set , called the Test for Substitution Patterns ( TSP ) and commonly used tests of knee function . a blinded set-up , 53 subjects ( mean age 30 years , range 20-39 , with 2-5 years since ACL injury ) were assessed using the TSP , the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscale sport/recreation ( KOOS sport/rec ) , 3 hop tests and 3 muscle power tests . between the scores of the TSP and the other tests were determined . correlations were found between TSP scores and KOOS sport/rec ( rs = -0.43 ; p = 0.001 ) and between TSP scores and hop test results ( rs = -0.40 to -0.46 ; p < or = 0.003 ) , indicating that altered postural orientation was associated with worse self-reported KOOS sport/rec function and worse hop performance . significant correlations were found between TSP scores and muscle power results . had higher TSP scores on their injured side than on their uninjured side ( median 4 and 1 points ; interquartile range 2-6 and 0-1 .5 , respectively ; p < 0.0001 ) . conclude that the Test for Substitution Patterns is of relevance to the patient and measures a specific aspect of neuromuscular control not quantified by the other tests investigated . suggest that the TSP may be a valuable complement in the assessment of neuromuscular control in the rehabilitation of subjects with ACL injury ."
1236,Abstract #1236,"played during endoscopic procedures may alleviate anxiety and improve patient acceptance of the procedure . prospective randomized , controlled trial was undertaken to determine whether music decreases the requirement for midazolam during colonoscopy and makes the procedure more comfortable and acceptable . undergoing elective colonoscopy between October 2003 and February 2004 were randomized to either not listen to music ( Group 1 ; n = 40 ) or listen to music of their choice ( Group 2 ; n = 38 ) during the procedure . patients received intravenous midazolam on demand in aliquots of 2 mg each . dose of midazolam , duration of procedure , recovery time , pain and discomfort scores and willingness to undergo a repeat procedure using the same sedation protocol were compared . in Group 2 received significantly less midazolam than those in Group 1 ( p = 0.007 ) . pain score was similar in the two groups , whereas discomfort score was lower in Group 2 ( p = 0.001 ) . in the two groups were equally likely to be willing for a repeat procedure . to music during colonoscopy helps reduce the dose of sedative medications and decreases discomfort experienced during the procedure ."
1237,Abstract #1237,"has been found to improve cognitive functions in patients with Alzheimer 's disease , but little is known about its effects in the healthy non-smoking elderly . study aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on cognitive function in healthy non-smoking or nicotine-nave elderly subjects . transdermal patch containing either 5 mg nicotine or placebo was applied on the back of 63 healthy nicotine-nave or non-smoking elderly Koreans . functions were evaluated with the Short Blessed Test , Rey-Kim Memory Test , and digit span test of the Korean-WAIS , both before and 5.5 h after nicotine administration . plasma level of nicotine after testing was measured using gas chromatography . subjects ' memory functions in trial 5 of the Rey-Kim Memory Tests improved significantly . , the effect on memory slope was significantly correlated with the higher plasma level of nicotine . , the other tests did not reveal any correlation to a significant degree . results suggest that nicotine of lower plasma level can improve short-term verbal memory functions in non-smoking or nicotine-nave healthy elderly people and that some effects are dependent on nicotine plasma levels ."
1238,Abstract #1238,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding thalidomide to the pegylated liposomal doxorubicin , vincristine , and decreased-frequency dexamethasone ( DVd ) regimen for multiple myeloma . newly diagnosed as having active multiple myeloma and those with relapsed-refractory disease were studied between August 2001 and October 2003 . received DVd as previously described . was given at 50 mg/d orally and the dose increased slowly to a maximum of 400 mg/d . the time of best response , patients received maintenance prednisone , 50 mg orally every other day , and daily thalidomide at the maximum tolerated dose for each patient . primary end point was the rate of complete responses plus very good partial responses as defined by the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation criteria and the Intergroupe Franais du Mylome , respectively . 102 eligible patients , 53 were newly diagnosed as having multiple myeloma , and 49 had been previously treated for multiple myeloma . complete response plus very good partial response rate was 49 % and 45 % , with an overall response rate of 87 % and 90 % for patients with newly diagnosed and previously treated multiple myeloma , respectively . , better responses were associated with improved progression-free and overall survival . most common grade 3 and 4 adverse events were thromboembolic events ( 25 % ) , peripheral neuropathy ( 22 % ) , and neutropenia ( 14 % ) . addition of thalidomide to the DVd regimen significantly improves the response rate and quality of responses compared with the DVd regimen alone . improvement is associated with longer progression-free and overall survival . rate of observed quality responses is comparable to responses seen with high-dose therapy ."
1239,Abstract #1239,"decision-analytic study was intended to determine the expected cost-effectiveness of linezolid compared to vancomycin for treating surgical site infections ( SSIs ) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus ( MRSA ) from the perspective of a tertiary-care academic medical center . study is a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a modeling approach for the treatment of MRSA SSIs . clinical scenarios were considered in the decision analysis : ( 1 ) treatment with intravenous ( IV ) vancomycin during hospitalization and after discharge with home-care follow-up ; ( 2 ) treatment with IV vancomycin during hospitalization , followed by oral linezolid after discharge ; ( 3 ) treatment with oral linezolid during hospitalization and after discharge . data was obtained from internal and external sources . rate probabilities for MRSA SSIs were obtained from records at the medical center and from results of a randomized , multicenter trial . costs for each scenario were obtained from the medical center , healthcare buying groups , and national databases . robustness of the baseline cost-effectiveness determination was evaluated using sensitivity analyses over a broad range of costs and probabilities . with oral linezolid during hospitalization and after discharge ( scenario 3 ) was associated with lower costs ( 8923 , 11,479 , and 12,481 dollars , respectively ) and greater effectiveness ( 0.867 , 0.787 , and 0.707 , respectively ) compared to the IV vancomycin/oral linezolid switch ( scenario 2 ) and IV vancomycin ( scenario 1 ) , so it dominated the latter options in the base-case , incremental cost-effectiveness analysis ( 10,292 , 14,486 , and 17,653 dollars per MRSA SSI cure , respectively ) . , the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the IV vancomycin/oral linezolid ( scenario 2 ) option would be the expected cost-effective choice only if the length of hospitalization for this scenario was less than 6 days or if the probability of cure with oral linezolid ( scenario 3 ) was less than or equal to 0.72 ; otherwise , the oral linezolid option was dominant . major limitation of this study is the utilization of probability estimates from both institutional and published research sources . , the success rates for linezolid were obtained from one relatively small randomized , open-label trial . decision-analytic modeling , treatment with oral linezolid during hospitalization and after discharge is expected to be the most cost-effective approach for treating SSIs caused by MRSA ."
1240,Abstract #1240,"mitral regurgitation is associated with both annular and ventricular distortion . reduction annuloplasty for functional mitral regurgitation acts primarily at the annulus , with variable impact on the left ventricle . Coapsys device externally reshapes the left ventricle to correct functional mitral regurgitation . ventricular reshaping was analyzed in a randomized study . RESTOR-MV study randomizes patients with coronary artery disease and functional mitral regurgitation to either reduction annuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting ( the RA group ) or Coapsys annuloplasty and bypass grafting ( the CO group ) . Coapsys device consists of epicardial pads connected by a cord . was placed without cardiopulmonary bypass under echocardiographic guidance and sized to reduce annular dimension and improve leaflet coaptation . reduction annuloplasty was performed by device placement . transesophageal echocardiograms were analyzed in 7 patients having reduction annuloplasty and 7 having Coapsys annuloplasty . mitral regurgitation ( 0-4 scale ) was similar for the RA ( 3.0 + / - 0.6 ) and the CO groups ( 3.0 + / - 0.6 ) . mitral regurgitation was reduced from 2.86 + / - 0.7 to 0.5 + / - 0.7 ( P < .01 pre vs post ) for the RA group and from 2.64 + / - 0.9 to 05 + / - 0.7 ( P < .01 pre vs post ) for the CO group . anteroposterior diameter was reduced with both techniques : RA , 3.45 + / - 0.39 to 2.34 + / - 0.37 cm ( P < .01 pre vs post ) ; CO , 3.40 + / - 0.27 to 2.85 + / - 0.34 cm ( P < .05 pre vs post ) . dimensions were unchanged with both techniques . dimensions measured at three levels were significantly reduced only in the CO patients : basal diameter 4.77 + / - 0.58 to 3.58 + / - 0.38 cm ( P < .01 pre vs post ) ; mid diameter 4.88 + / - 0.55 to 3.57 + / - 0.43 cm ( P < .01 pre vs post ) ; and apical diameter 4.39 + / - 0.46 to 3.38 + / - 0.34 cm ( P < .01 pre vs post ) . and reduction annuloplasty techniques both acutely reduce functional mitral regurgitation and annular dimension . Coapsys device provided significantly greater left ventricular reshaping than did reduction annuloplasty . evaluation will assess the long-term valvular function and ventricular geometric stability associated with both techniques ."
1241,Abstract #1241,"occlusion of liver blood supply for complex liver operation is common in liver surgery . , hepatic vascular occlusion will undoubtedly impair liver function . study was designed to elucidate the effect of hepatocellular glycogen in alleviation of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury during hepatic vascular occlusion for partial hepatectomy . patients were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n = 29 ) and a control group ( n = 28 ) . the experimental group , patients were given high-concentration glucose intravenously during 24 h before the operation . hepatic lesion was resected after portal triad clamping in the two groups . liver tissue was biopsied to measure hepatic tissue ATP content and change of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) . function of all patients was assessed by using an automatic biochemical analysis apparatus before the operation and the first and fifth days after operation . mean hepatic vascular occlusion time in the experimental group was 19.21 + / - 4.54 min and in the control group it was 21.04 + / - 5.11 min . tissue ATP content of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion ( 2.15 + / - 0.39 mumol/g wet tissue vs. 1.33 + / - 0.44 , p < 0.01 ) and at the point of 1-h reperfusion ( 2.19 + / - 0.29 mumol/g wet tissue vs. 1.57 + / - 0.35 , p < 0.01 ) . was significant difference in SOD activity between the two groups at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion ( 130.69 + / - 30.49 NU/mg pr vs. 97.83 + / - 26.23 , p < 0.01 ) and at the point of 1-h reperfusion ( 139.55 + / - 39.88 NU/mg pr vs. 114.74 + / - 25.93 , p < 0.01 ) . difference was shown in MDA content between the two groups at the end of hepatic vascular occlusion ( 3.02 + / - 0.30 nmol/mg pr vs. 3.99 + / - 0.49 , p < 0.01 ) and at the point of 1-h reperfusion ( 3.81 + / - 0.69 nmol/mg pr vs. 5.75 + / - 1.17 , p < 0.01 ) . addition , the liver function of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group the first and fifth days after the operation ( p < 0.01 ) . intracellular glycogen may reduce liver ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by hepatic vascular occlusion . is beneficial to give a large amount of glucose before a complex liver operation during which temporary occlusion of hepatic blood flow is necessary ."
1242,Abstract #1242,"a randomized clinical trial of patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting , we evaluated the effect of intraoperative whole blood sequestration and autotransfusion on postoperative blood loss and the use of allogeneic blood products . patients were included if it was possible to obtain at least 500 mL of autologous blood . patients in group H ( heparin autotransfusion , 50 patients ; mean age 59 + / - 8 years ) , an average of 670 + / - 160 mL heparinized blood was drawn before bypass and reinfused after the period of the extracorporeal circulation . patients in group C ( citrate autotransfusion , 48 patients ; mean age 60 + / - 10 years ) , 450 + / - 109 mL of citrate blood , drawn before administration of heparin , was used . ( N-group ) consisted of 46 patients aged 62 + / - 8 years . transfusion criteria were used , and blood loss and use of allogeneic blood products during the hospital stays of all patients were recorded . differences with their 95 % confidence intervals adjusted for potential confounders were obtained by multiple linear regression . mean difference ( 95 % confidence interval ) of blood loss of group H minus N was -93 mL ( -307 to 139 ) and for C minus N was -66 mL ( -186 to 179 ) . mean number of allogeneic blood transfusions for group H was 0.85 + / - 1.74 . C and group N used 0.94 + / - 1.56 and 0.84 + / - 1.24 . coronary artery bypass grafting there is no effect of heparin or citrate intraoperative whole blood sequestration with regard to blood loss or use of allogeneic blood ."
1243,Abstract #1243,"efficacy of a fibrin sealant in paediatric cardiac surgery has been demonstrated . , its effectiveness in the presence of significant untreated coagulopathy has not been addressed . study was designed to investigate the role of the topical application of a fibrin sealant , Beriplast P ( BP ) , in the presence of coagulopathy following paediatric cardiac surgery . confirming the presence of significant post-bypass coagulopathy , patients undergoing repair of congenital heart defects using cardiopulmonary bypass were randomised to the use of BP ( group BP ) or no intervention ( group C ) . was applied over suture lines and microvascular bleeding sites . for transfusion of blood and blood products were standardised for both groups . variables were : ( 1 ) post-operative bleeding ; ( 2 ) transfusion of blood and blood products ; ( 3 ) theatre time to achieve haemostasis ; ( 4 ) ventilation time , intensive therapy unit ( ITU ) and hospital stay . patients ( n = 26 in each group ) , aged 3 days to 17.4 years were recruited . were no hospital deaths and no significant differences in demographic or intraoperative variables that might have affected the chosen endpoints . protamine , all patients in both groups had significant coagulopathy ( P < or = 0.05 versus baseline ) . were fewer patients receiving transfusions of fresh frozen plasma ( FPP ) in the intervention group , when compared to the control group ( P < or = 0.05 ) . receiving BP spent less time in theatre to achieve haemostasis ( P < or = 0.05 ) , had a lesser amount of bleeding intraoperatively ( P < or = 0.01 ) , at 4h ( P < or = 0.05 ) and at 24h ( P < or = 0.05 ) , required a lower amount of transfusions of red cells ( P < or = 0.01 ) , FPP ( P < or = 0.05 ) and platelets ( P < or = 0.05 ) . were no differences in ventilation time , length of stay in ITU or in hospital . in the presence of significant coagulopathy , intraoperative use of fibrin sealant in paediatric cardiac surgery reduces the amount of bleeding and need for transfusions of blood and blood products . theatre time necessary to achieve haemostasis is also significantly reduced . findings have a potential to improve clinical outcomes and enhance cost benefits ."
1244,Abstract #1244,"that improve muscle function may slow decline in physical function and disability in later life . evidence suggests that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may maintain muscle function . evaluated the effect of aldosterone blockade on physical performance in functionally impaired older people without heart failure . this parallel-group , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , community-dwelling participants aged 65 years with self-reported problems with activities of daily living were randomized to receive 25 mg spironolactone or identical placebo daily for 20 weeks . primary outcome was change in 6-minute walking distance over 20 weeks . outcomes were changes in Timed Up and Go test , Incremental Shuttle Walk Test , Functional Limitation Profile , EuroQol EQ-5D , and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale over 20 weeks . ' mean ( standard deviation ) age was 75 ( 6 ) years . the 93 % of participants ( 112/120 ) who completed the study , 106 remained on medication at 20 weeks . was no significant difference in change in 6-minute walking distance at 20 weeks between the spironolactone and placebo groups ( mean change,-3 .2 m ; 95 % confidence interval,-28 .9 to 22.5 ; P = .81 ) . of life improved significantly at 20 weeks , with an increase in EuroQol EQ-5D score of 0.10 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.03-0 .18 ; P < .01 ) in the spironolactone group relative to the placebo group . were no significant differences in between-group change for other secondary outcomes . was well tolerated but did not improve physical function in older people without heart failure . of life improved significantly , and the possible mechanisms for this require further study ."
1245,Abstract #1245,"efficacy and safety of etoricoxib 60 mg/day in patients with established chronic low back pain ( CLBP ) were compared with those of diclofenac 150 mg/day in a 4-week , multicentre , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group trial . hundred and forty-six adult patients with CLBP ( Quebec Task Force on Spinal Disorders Class 1 or 2 ) and with worsening pain upon discontinuation of pre-study analgesic medication were enrolled in the study . study primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in Low Back Pain Intensity Scale ( LBP-IS ) score over the 4-week treatment period . and other efficacy endpoints included : changes in Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire ( RMDQ ) , Patient Global Assessment of Response to Therapy ( PGART ) and Low Back Pain Bothersomeness Scale ( LBP-BS ) scores . efficacy was assessed using PGART and LBP-IS scores 4 h after the first dose on the mornings of Days 1 , 2 and 3 . overall safety and tolerability of etoricoxib 60 mg/day during 4 weeks of treatment were also assessed . least-squares mean time-weighted change from baseline LBP-IS score over 4 weeks was -32.94 mm ( 95 % CI -36.25 , -29.63 ) for etoricoxib , indicating substantial efficacy in relief of pain . treatment difference for the primary outcome was 2.51 mm ( 95 % CI -1.50 , 6.51 ) , fulfilling the prespecified equivalence criterion of 95 % confidence interval wholly within + / - 10 mm . improved all secondary and other efficacy outcomes . were no statistically significant between-group differences in the proportion of patients with one or more clinical adverse events ( AEs ) ( etoricoxib 35 % , diclofenac 39 % ) , or the proportion of patients who discontinued due to AEs ( etoricoxib 7 % , diclofenac 5 % ) . results of this study confirm that , for adult patients with CLBP , etoricoxib 60 mg once daily over 4 weeks is effective for relief of pain and improvement of physical function and comparable to high-dose diclofenac 150 mg daily ."
1246,Abstract #1246,"study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of arbutamine when used in conjunction with thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ) in a multicenter trial and to compare arbutamine stress and treadmill exercise thallium-201 SPECT for diagnostic sensitivity and myocardial perfusion pattern . is a potent beta-agonist developed specifically for pharmacologic stress testing . was administered by a novel computerized closed-loop device that measures heart rate and adjusts arbutamine infusion to achieve a selected rate of heart rate increase toward a predetermined limit . cohort included 184 patients who underwent arbutamine stress testing , of whom 122 ( catheterization group ) had angiographically defined coronary artery disease ( > or = 50 % diameter stenosis of a major coronary artery ) , and 62 had a low pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease ( low likelihood group ) . subset of 69 patients from the catheterization group underwent both arbutamine and exercise stress testing . responses during arbutamine and exercise stress testing demonstrated no significant difference in percent increase in heart rate ( 81 % vs. 76 % ) or systolic blood pressure ( 26 % vs. 30 % ) . sensitivity for detecting coronary artery disease ( > or = 50 % stenosis ) using arbutamine thallium-201 SPECT was 87 % ( 95 % for detecting > or = 70 % stenoses ) , and the normalcy rate in the low likelihood group was 90 % . patients completing both arbutamine and exercise stress testing , thallium-201 SPECT sensitivity for detecting coronary artery disease ( > or = 50 % stenosis ) was 94 % and 97 % ( p = NS ) , respectively Furthermore , SPECT segmental visual score agreement ( defect vs. no defect ) showed a concordance of 92 % between arbutamine and exercise results ( kappa 0.80 , p < 0.001 ) . stress thallium-201 SPECT segmental scores showed 83 % exact agreement ( kappa 0.69 , p < 0.001 ) , and analysis of the reversibility of segments with stress perfusion defects demonstrated 86 % exact agreement ( kappa 0.68 , p < 0.001 ) . general , side effects associated with arbutamine were well tolerated and resolved with discontinuation of infusion . , administered by a closed-loop feed-back system was shown to be a safe and effective pharmacologic stress agent . stress thallium-201 SPECT appears to be accurate for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease with a diagnostic efficacy similar to that of treadmill exercise thallium-201 studies ."
1247,Abstract #1247,"study whether the isolated intervention of high-speed , low-amplitude spinal manipulation in the cervical spine has any effect on cervicogenic headache . randomized controlled trial with a blinded observer . outpatient facility in an independent research institution . subjects suffering from frequent headaches who fulfilled the International Headache Society criteria for cervicogenic headache ( excluding radiological criteria ) . subjects were recruited from 450 headache sufferers who responded to newspaper advertisements . randomization , 28 of the group received high-velocity , low-amplitude cervical manipulation twice a week for 3 wk . remaining 25 received low-level laser in the upper cervical region and deep friction massage ( including trigger points ) in the lower cervical/upper thoracic region , also twice a week for 3 wk . change from week 1 to week 5 in analgesic use per day , in headache intensity per episode and in number of headache hours per day , as registered in a headache diary . use of analgesics decreased by 36 % in the manipulation group , but was unchanged in the soft-tissue group ; this difference was statistically significant ( p = .04 , chi 2 for trend ) . number of headache hours per day decreased by 69 % in the manipulation group , compared with 37 % in the soft-tissue group ; this was significant at p = .03 ( Mann-Whitney ) . , headache intensity per episode decreased by 36 % in the manipulation group , compared with 17 % in the soft-tissue group ; this was significant at p = .04 ( Mann-Whitney ) . manipulation has a significant positive effect in cases of cervicogenic headache ."
1248,Abstract #1248,"previous study , Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 1 ( ATOM1 ) , showed that atropine 1 % eyedrops were effective in controlling myopic progression but with visual side effects resulting from cycloplegia and mydriasis . aim of this study was to compare efficacy and visual side effects of 3 lower doses of atropine : 0.5 % , 0.1 % , and 0.01 % . , double-masked , randomized study . total of 400 children aged 6-12 years with myopia of at least -2.0 diopters ( D ) and astigmatism of -1.50 D or less . were randomly assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to 0.5 % , 0.1 % , and 0.01 % atropine to be administered once nightly to both eyes for 2 years . refraction , axial length , accommodation amplitude , pupil diameter , and visual acuity were noted at baseline , 2 weeks , and then every 4 months for 2 years . progression at 2 years . were noted and differences between groups were compared using the Huber-White robust standard error to allow for data clustering of 2 eyes per person . mean myopia progression at 2 years was -0.300.60 , -0.380.60 , and -0.490.63 D in the atropine 0.5 % , 0.1 % , and 0.01 % groups , respectively ( P = 0.02 between the 0.01 % and 0.5 % groups ; between other concentrations P > 0.05 ) . comparison , myopia progression in ATOM1 was -1.200.69 D in the placebo group and -0.280.92 D in the atropine 1 % group . mean increase in axial length was 0.270.25 , 0.280.28 , and 0.410.32 mm in the 0.5 % , 0.1 % , and 0.01 % groups , respectively ( P < 0.01 between the 0.01 % and 0.1 % groups and between the 0.01 % and 0.5 % groups ) . , differences in myopia progression ( 0.19 D ) and axial length change ( 0.14 mm ) between groups were small and clinically insignificant . 0.01 % had a negligible effect on accommodation and pupil size , and no effect on near visual acuity . conjunctivitis and dermatitis were the most common adverse effect noted , with 16 cases in the 0.1 % and 0.5 % atropine groups , and no cases in the 0.01 % group . 0.01 % has minimal side effects compared with atropine at 0.1 % and 0.5 % , and retains comparable efficacy in controlling myopia progression ."
1249,Abstract #1249,", in addition to eosinophils , are prominent in the airways of patients with severe asthma who are usually on long-term oral and inhaled corticosteroid treatment . determined whether inhaled or oral corticosteroid therapy can induce airway neutrophilia . performed two separate placebo-controlled studies in which patients with mild asthma were treated with either prednisolone ( 30mg per day for 7 days ; n = 9 ) or placebo tablets ( n = 8 ) , or with either inhaled budesonide ( 800 microg twice daily for 4 weeks ; n = 6 ) or inhaled placebo ( n = 6 ) . bronchoscopy was performed before treatment and at day 7 of oral treatment , and at day 28 of inhaled therapy . sections were immunostained with an antibody to major basic protein for eosinophils , and with an antibody to neutrophil elastase for neutrophils . sputum was obtained in the prednisolone study . in airway submucosa increased after prednisolone from median 76 to 140/mm2 ( P = 0.05 ) ; this change was higher than that after placebo ( P = 0.04 ) . decreased from 24 to 9/mm2 ( P = 0.03 ) , but this was not significantly different from placebo . and neutrophils , and levels of IL-8 and myeloperoxidase in induced sputum did not change after prednisolone . was no change in neutrophil counts after budesonide , but the reduction in eosinophils was greater than placebo ( P = 0.05 ) . improved bronchial responsiveness , but prednisolone did not . therapy by the oral but not inhaled route can induce neutrophil recruitment into the airways of patients with mild asthma . could explain the increase in airway neutrophils observed in severe asthmatics treated with oral corticosteroids ."
1250,Abstract #1250,"exposure to a variety of irritants has been extensively studied in recent years . , knowledge of the induction of irritant dermatitis , especially by mild irritants at low doses and for a short duration of exposure , is still incomplete . quantify the irritant effects and barrier disruption properties of ascorbic acid ( ASC ) , acetic acid ( ACA ) and sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) , particularly in combination with an anionic detergent , sodium lauryl sulphate ( SLS ) . a tandem repeated irritation test , the irritants were applied for 30 min twice daily for 4 days to the skin of the mid-back of 19 healthy volunteers of both sexes . used bioengineering techniques for measurement of transepidermal water loss ( TEWL ) and skin colour reflectance , as well as visual scoring . application of ASC and ACA caused a moderate increase in TEWL and erythema . sequential application of ASC or ACA and SLS enhanced these effects . induced a strong reaction when applied both occlusively and nonocclusively as well as in combination with SLS , with an early onset of the inflammatory signs , leading to discontinuation of the application on the third day in most of the test fields . , the irritant effect of NaOH was not as marked when applied sequentially with SLS . results demonstrate that concurrent application of an anionic detergent and a mild acidic irritant can lead to disruption of the barrier function which , although not additive , is still considerable . combined application of SLS and mild acids does not prevent SLS-induced irritation . , we showed that NaOH in low concentrations may also act as a potent irritant but that its effect is not enhanced by SLS . necessity of adequate skin protection and reduction of contact with substances that are potentially barrier disruptive and irritant , e.g. in the food industry , is emphasized , not only when handling detergents , but also when processing food products ."
1251,Abstract #1251,"continues to be a substantial cause of morbidity in pediatric populations . strategies are needed to provide cost-effective educational interventions for children with asthma , particularly those in the inner city . assess the effectiveness of a multimedia educational software program about asthma . hospital-based primary care clinic and an affiliated neighborhood health center . , controlled trial . 3 to 12 years old with physician-diagnosed asthma . interactive educational computer program , Asthma Control , designed to teach children about asthma and its management . a graphic display of a child going through simulated daily events , the game emphasizes : 1 ) monitoring ; 2 ) allergen identification ; 3 ) use of medications ; 4 ) use of health services ; and 5 ) maintenance of normal activity . group participants reviewed printed educational materials with a research assistant . health care use ( emergency department and outpatient ) was the primary outcome . outcome measures included maternal report of asthma symptom severity , child functional status and school absences , satisfaction with care , and parental and child knowledge of asthma . total of 137 families were enrolled in the study ( 76 intervention , 61 control ) . intervention and control groups showed substantial improvement in all outcomes during the 12-month follow-up period . from improvement in knowledge after use of the computer program , no differences were demonstrated between the 2 groups in primary or secondary outcome measures . reported enjoyment of program use . trial of an educational software program found that it did not produce greater improvement than occurred with review of traditional written materials . both groups showed substantial improvement over baseline , computer-based education may be more cost-effective . , improvements in illness severity over time may overshadow the effects of such interventions . comprehensive evaluations such as this are necessary to assess new interventions intended to improve management and outcomes of asthma ."
1252,Abstract #1252,"proctitis ( UP ) usually presents as fresh rectal bleeding . treatment using topical mesalamine 5-aminosalicyclic acid ( 5-ASA ) 500 mg BID suppository led to developing a once-a-day formulation that could contribute to better acceptability and ease of use by patients . objective of this randomized trial , conducted in 18 centers , was to compare efficacy of 2 modes of treatment with 5-ASA suppositories . patients with mild or moderate UP limited to 15 cm of the anal margin , evidenced by a disease activity index ( DAI ) between 4 and 11 , were randomized to 5-ASA 500 mg suppository ( Canasa ; Axcan Pharma ) BID or 1 g at bedtime ( HS ) for 6 weeks . study used a noninferiority hypothesis based on the mean difference in DAI values after 6 weeks of treatment on an intent-to-treat basis using analysis of covariance . was derived from a composite of the measures of stool frequency , rectal bleeding , mucosal visualization at endoscopy , and general well being . was no difference between groups at baseline for demographic and clinical parameters . DAIs fell from 6.6 + / - 1.5 ( SD ) to 1.6 + / - 2.3 in the 500 mg BID group ( n = 48 ) and from 6.1 + / - 1.5 to 1.3 + / - 2.2 in the 1 g HS group ( n = 39 ) . was no significant difference ( P = 0.74 ) in mean DAI at week 6 between the 2 groups . groups showed a significant reduction ( P < 0.0001 ) in DAI over the course of the 6 weeks . formulations showed effectiveness in reducing each individual component of the DAI . was no significant difference between treatments in adverse events , and both groups had an overall drug compliance of greater than 95 % . study showed that 1 g HS and 500 mg BID mesalamine suppository treatments of UP patients were equivalent in all facets of efficacy , safety , and compliance in a 6-week trial ."
1253,Abstract #1253,"clinical safety and efficacy of sirolimus plus reduced-dose tacrolimus was evaluated in de novo renal allograft recipients enrolled in a comparative , open-label study . hundred twenty-eight renal allograft recipients were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) to receive reduced-dose tacrolimus plus sirolimus ( rTAC ) or standard-dose tacrolimus and sirolimus ( sTAC ) for 6 months . primary efficacy endpoint was calculated creatinine clearance values at 6 months . variables were similar between groups . 6 months , mean ( standard deviation ) calculated creatinine clearance was significantly improved in the rTAC group ( 63.8 vs 52.7 mL/min , P = .005 ) , although mean serum creatinine values were not significantly different . survival ( 95.2 % and 96.9 % ) and graft survival ( 93.7 % and 98.5 % ) were similar between the rTAC and sTAC groups , respectively . rejection rates were 17.5 % with rTAC and 7.7 % with sTAC ( P = .095 ) . rTAC regimen provided effective immunosuppression and was associated with improved creatinine clearance . immunosuppressant exposure must be achieved in the early postoperative period to minimize the risk of acute rejection ."
1254,Abstract #1254,"supplementation is thought to improve immunity and thereby reduce infectious morbidity . , few large trials in elderly people have been conducted that include end points for clinical variables . determine the effects of long-term daily supplementation with trace elements ( zinc sulfate and selenium sulfide ) or vitamins ( beta carotene , ascorbic acid , and vitamin E ) on immunity and the incidence of infections in institutionalized elderly people . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled intervention study included 725 institutionalized elderly patients ( > 65 years ) from 25 geriatric centers in France . received an oral daily supplement of nutritional doses of trace elements ( zinc and selenium sulfide ) or vitamins ( beta carotene , ascorbic acid , and vitamin E ) or a placebo within a 2 x 2 factorial design for 2 years . hypersensitivity skin response , humoral response to influenza vaccine , and infectious morbidity and mortality . of specific nutrient deficiencies was observed after 6 months of supplementation and was maintained for the first year , during which there was no effect of any treatment on delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response . titers after influenza vaccine were higher in groups that received trace elements alone or associated with vitamins , whereas the vitamin group had significantly lower antibody titers ( P < .05 ) . number of patients without respiratory tract infections during the study was higher in groups that received trace elements ( P = .06 ) . with neither trace elements nor vitamins significantly reduced the incidence of urogenital infections . analysis for the 2 years did not show any differences between the 4 groups . supplementation of zinc and selenium provides significant improvement in elderly patients by increasing the humoral response after vaccination and could have considerable public health importance by reducing morbidity from respiratory tract infections ."
1255,Abstract #1255,"is increasing evidence that fatty acid deficiencies or imbalances may contribute to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders . conducted a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled 6-week pilot trial investigating the effects of 1.5 g/d of omega-3 fatty acids ( .84 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid , .7 g/d docosahexaenoic acid ) supplementation in 13 children ( aged 5 to 17 years ) with autistic disorders accompanied by severe tantrums , aggression , or self-injurious behavior . outcome measure was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist ( ABC ) at 6 weeks . observed an advantage of omega-3 fatty acids compared with placebo for hyperactivity and stereotypy , each with a large effect size . ANOVA indicated a trend toward superiority of omega-3 fatty acids over placebo for hyperactivity . clinically relevant adverse effects were elicited in either group . results of this study provide preliminary evidence that omega-3 fatty acids may be an effective treatment for children with autism ."
1256,Abstract #1256,"development of acceptable , widely available and effective smoking cessation methods is central to public health strategy for tobacco control . examined the effectiveness of a telephone callback counselling intervention , compared to the provision of self-help resources alone . were 998 smokers calling a state-wide `` Quitline '' service randomly allocated to either callback counselling or ordinary care . callback condition consisted of a series of brief counselling calls at strategic times in addition to ordinary care . number of calls varied according to caller needs , and most occurred generally just before the person 's quit day and in the week or two after it . service was delivered by trained telephone counsellors . the 3-month follow-up , significantly more participants in the callback group ( 24 % ) reported that they were quit , compared to those in the usual care comparison group ( 13 % ) . difference in point prevalence of smoking declined to 6 % by the 12-month follow-up . sustained abstinence there was a significant benefit of callback counselling at 12-month follow-up . dropouts as smokers reduced the overall magnitude of the effects somewhat . benefit of callbacks was to marginally increase quit attempts and to significantly reduce relapse . findings are consistent with those of other studies demonstrating benefits of callback telephone counselling to facilitate cessation . counselling provides a flexible , relatively inexpensive and widely available form of cessation service . appears to encourage a greater proportion of quit attempts and to reduce the rate of relapse among those quitting . research is required to determine ways to enhance effectiveness , particularly studies of how to reduce relapse ."
1257,Abstract #1257,"and in vitro studies indicate that leptin alleviates starvation-induced reduction in circulating vaspin and stimulates the production of visfatin . thus examined whether vaspin and visfatin are affected by short - and long-term energy deprivation and leptin administration in human subjects in vivo . measured circulating levels of vaspin and visfatin i ) before and after 72h of starvation ( leading to severe hypoleptinemia ) with or without leptin administration in replacement doses in 13 normal-weight subjects , ii ) before and after 72h of starvation with leptin administration in pharmacological doses in 13 lean and obese subjects , iii ) during chronic energy deficiency in eight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea on leptin replacement for 3 months , and iv ) during chronic energy deficiency in 18 women with hypothalamic amenorrhea on leptin replacement or placebo for 3 months . starvation decreased serum leptin to 21 % of baseline values , ( P = 0.002 ) but had no significant effect on vaspin and visfatin concentrations ( P > 0.05 ) . did normalization of leptin levels affect the concentrations of these two adipokines ( P > 0.9 ) . replacement in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea did not significantly alter vaspin and visfatin concentrations , whether relative to baseline or placebo administration ( P > 0.25 ) . doses of leptin did not affect circulating vaspin and visfatin concentrations ( P > 0.9 ) . vaspin and visfatin are not affected by acute or chronic energy deficiency leading to hypoleptinemia and are not regulated by leptin in human subjects , indicating that these adipocyte-secreted hormonal regulators of metabolism are independently regulated in humans ."
1258,Abstract #1258,"evaluate the short term clinical results of scaling and root planning ( SRP ) only , SRP combined with amoxicillin ( AMX ) and metronidazole ( MTZ ) after supragingival scaling or after SRP in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis ( AgP ) . total of 45 patients with AgP were randomly divided into SRP group , SRP with AMX + MTZ after supragingival scaling group and AMX + MTZ after SRP group . scaling and root planning were performed one week after supragingival scaling and finished within 1 month . and MTZ were given for 7 days immediately after supragingival scaling or the last time of SPR . examinations including probing depth ( PD ) , attachment level ( AL ) and bleeding index ( BI ) were performed at baseline and 8 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment by the same examiner . were more PD reduction and AL gain in both AMX + MTZ after supragingival scaling group and AMX + MTZ after SRP group compared with SRP group [ 2.5 ( 1.8 , 3.3 ) mm , 2.3 ( 1.9 , 2.7 ) mm vs. 1.8 ( 1.3 , 2.1 ) mm , P < 0.05 ] ; [ 0.9 ( 0.5 , 1.4 ) mm , 0.8 ( 0.4 , 1.3 ) mm vs. 0.4 ( 0.2 , 1.0 ) mm , P < 0.05 ] . sites PD 7 mm , PD reduction was more in AMX + MTZ after supragingival scaling group than AMX + MTZ after SRP group [ 4.0 ( 3.0 , 5.0 ) mm vs. 4.0 ( 3.0 , 4.0 ) mm , P < 0.05 ) ] . combined use of AMX and MTZ during non-surgical periodontal treatment for patients with AgP was effective in short term . patients with most sites PD 7 mm , AMX and MTZ could be taken after supragingival scaling , but the long-term clinical effects needs further investigation ."
1259,Abstract #1259,"evaluate the effect of multiquadrant cortical cleaving hydrodissection on the development of posterior capsule opacification ( PCO ) after phacoemulsification . Cataract and IOL Research Center , Ahmedabad , India . prospective randomized triple blind clinical trial was conducted in 86 eyes ( 86 patients ) having phacoemulsification . were assigned randomly to Group 1 , multiquadrant cortical cleaving hydrodissection and hydrodelineation ( n = 48 eyes ) , or Group 2 , no multiquadrant cortical cleaving hydrodissection , only hydrodelineation ( n = 38 eyes ) . nuclear sclerosis ( grading system of 1 to 5 ) and age greater than 50 years were included . mellitus and associated eye diseases were excluded . phacoemulsification with implantation of an AcrySof MA30BA intraocular lens ( IOL ) was done in both groups . digital retroillumination images of the posterior capsule were analyzed at 4 years using POCOman software . patients dropped out ( 8.1 % ) . measures were incidence and percentage area of PCO . of proportions , independent sample t test , and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) were noted . Groups 1 and 2 , the mean age was 58 years + / - 4 ( SD ) and 57 + / - 5 years , respectively ( P = .702 ; 95 % CI , 1.90-2 .81 ) ; mean follow-up was 48.4 + / - 2.5 months and 49.3 + / - 1.9 months , respectively ( P = .687 ; 95 % CI , 1.186-0 .7856 ) ; incidence of PCO was 11 of 44 ( 25 % ) and 12 of 35 ( 34.3 % ) , respectively ( P = .317 ; 95 % CI , 0.359-0 .0889 ) ; percentage area of PCO was 14.3 % and 25.6 % , respectively ( P = .006 ; 95 % CI , -19.19 to -3.44 ) . of 44 eyes ( 2.27 % ) and 2 of 35 eyes ( 5.7 % ) in the groups , respectively , had a neodymium : YAG capsulotomy . no difference was noted in the incidence of PCO , in eyes that had PCO , the percentage of the area of the central posterior capsule involved by PCO was significantly lower in eyes that had multiquadrant cortical cleaving hydrodissection than in those that did not ."
1260,Abstract #1260,"investigate whether active leukocyte immunization increases levels of anticardiolipin antibodies in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions . assess the impact of anticardiolipin antibodies on pregnancy outcome in these women . who had received various treatments in an ongoing randomized trial were studied prospectively . department of clinical immunology investigating women with recurrent spontaneous abortions from all over Denmark . patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions whose pregnancies had been completed during the course of the trial . randomization , 44 patients were actively immunized with husband 's or third party leukocytes , and 27 patients received placebo . patients received anticoagulation therapy in pregnancy . in levels of immunoglobulin ( Ig ) M class and IgG class anticardiolipin antibodies after active immunization . of new miscarriages in patients who were positive or negative for anticardiolipin antibodies . IgM nor IgG anticardiolipin antibodies changed significantly after active immunization ( P greater than 0.2 ) . interim results of the immunization trial showed a success rate of 68 % in the treated group versus 56 % in the placebo group ( not significantly different ) . risk of miscarriage in anticardiolipin antibody-positive patients compared with anticardiolipin antibody-negative patients was 1.3 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.7 to 2.2 ; P = 0.4 ) in the combined study groups . eligible for active immunization did not exhibit significant changes in anticardiolipin antibody levels subsequent to the treatment . treatment did not seem to provide any overall benefit with respect to pregnancy outcome . , the risk of miscarriage in patients positive for anticardiolipin antibodies was not significantly increased ."
1261,Abstract #1261,"investigate the short-term effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride , a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor , on central corneal thickness in patients with cornea guttata . this randomized , placebo-controlled , double-masked , 3-drug crossover study , 20 patients with cornea guttata ( mean endothelial cell count , 1321 cells/mm2 ) and 8 healthy control subjects ( mean endothelial cell count , 2483 cells/mm2 ) were included . medications included 2 % dorzolamide hydrochloride ( Trusopt 2 % eye drops ; Merck & Co Inc , Whitehouse Station , NJ ) , 0.9 % saline solution ( saline placebo ) , and a solution identical to the carrier substance of dorzolamide in Trusopt ( carrier placebo ) . study drugs were applied 4 times per day for 1 day only . corneal thickness measurements were performed using partial coherence interferometry on every study day at baseline and after 24 hours of study medication treatment . in central corneal thickness . mean thickening in central corneal thickness within 24 hours in eyes with cornea guttata treated with dorzolamide , saline placebo , and carrier placebo was 12.0 micro m ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 7.0-17 .1 microm ) , 0.6 micro m ( 95 % CI , -1.0 to 2.2 microm ) , and 1.3 micro m ( 95 % CI , -0.1 to 2.6 microm ) , respectively . of dorzolamide for 1 day results in a slight but statistically significant thickening of central corneal thickness in patients with cornea guttata ."
1262,Abstract #1262,"of certification examination performance is associated with quality of care . aimed to examine relationships between electronic medical knowledge resource use , practice characteristics and examination scores among physicians recertifying in internal medicine . conducted a cross-sectional study of 3,958 United States physicians who took the Internal Medicine Maintenance of Certification Examination ( IM-MOCE ) between January 1 , 2006 and December 31 , 2008 , and who held individual licenses to one or both of two large electronic knowledge resource programs . examined associations between physicians ' IM-MOCE scores and their days of electronic resource use , practice type ( private practice , residency teaching clinic , inpatient , nursing home ) , practice model ( single or multi-specialty ) , sex , age , and medical school location . the 365days prior to the IM-MOCE , physicians used electronic resources on a mean ( SD , range ) of 20.3 ( 36.5 , 0-265 ) days . multivariate analyses , the number of days of resource use was independently associated with increased IM-MOCE scores ( 0.07-point increase per day of use , p = 0.02 ) . age was associated with decreased IM-MOCE scores ( 1.8-point decrease per year of age , p < 0.001 ) . to physicians working in private practice settings , physicians working in residency teaching clinics and hospital inpatient practices had higher IM-MOCE scores by 29.1 and 20.0 points , respectively ( both p < 0.001 ) . use of electronic resources was associated with modestly enhanced IM-MOCE performance . involved in residency education clinics and hospital inpatient practices had higher IM-MOCE scores than physicians working in private practice settings ."
1263,Abstract #1263,"Helicobacter pylori infection , the effect of short-term triple therapy with proton pump inhibitor plus two antibiotics on gastric ulcer healing is not well known . compare 1-week triple therapy with 8-week proton pump inhibitor therapy on gastric ulcer healing in infected patients . randomly assigned 120 patients with H. pylori and gastric ulcers to proton pump inhibitor plus amoxicillin and clarithromycin for 1 week ( n = 61 ) or proton pump inhibitor alone for 8 weeks ( n = 59 ) , with endoscopic assessment of ulcer healing 8 weeks after the start of treatment . therapy eradicated H. pylori in 51 patients [ intention-to-treat , 84 % ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 75-93 % ] . 8 weeks , gastric ulcers were healed in 30 patients given triple therapy ( 49 % ; 95 % CI , 37-62 % ) and in 49 patients given proton pump inhibitor ( 83 % ; 95 % CI , 73-93 % , P < 0.001 ) . rates in the triple therapy and proton pump inhibitor-only groups were 89 % and 100 % , respectively , for ulcers of < 1.0 cm in diameter , 54 % and 77 % for ulcers of 1.0 to < 1.5 cm in diameter , and 5 % and 77 % ( P < 0.001 ) for ulcers of > or = 1.5 cm in diameter . triple therapy healed most ulcers of < 1.0 cm , but not ulcers of > or = 1.5 cm . therapy is effective for gastric ulcers of < 1.0 cm , but , for larger ulcers , follow-up therapy to suppress acid is needed ."
1264,Abstract #1264,"stripping of human stratum corneum has been performed to measure stratum corneum mass , barrier function , drug reservoir and percutaneous penetration . , the technique itself requires further development to facilitate interpretation . this study we quantified stratum comeum ( SC ) tape stripping and water kinetic parameters utilizing three types of adhesive tapes , in an in vivo randomized clinical trial . corneum was tape stripped , and the mass of SC removed by each tape was quantified utilizing a protein assay . water loss ( TEWL ) was measured and barrier disruption and SC water kinetics calculated . commonly utilized acrylate adhesive tapes were utilized and a comparison made between them . type of tape successfully stripped the stratum corneum , but the rayon tape did not induce SC barrier disruption . the type of tape nor the site stripped significantly influenced the mass of SC removed . kinetic parameters did not differ significantly for the tapes that did induce barrier disruption . variation in barrier disruption to water following tape stripping was demonstrated . tapes utilized removed a similar amount of SC . tapes have a different propensity to cause barrier disruption . individuals do not demonstrate increased TEWL despite an equivalent mass of SC being removed compared to those who do show a response ."
1265,Abstract #1265,"purpose was to study the prognostic value of contrast-enhanced computed tomography ( CT ) nodal necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma . hundred sixty-one patients with newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and nodal metastases were reviewed . patients also received cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy . necrosis was defined as presence of hypodense areas in more than 33 % of the node . response rate to chemotherapy , overall nodal control rate , local control rate , distant failure rate , overall relapse-free survival rate , and overall and cause-specific survival rates were compared between patients with and without nodal necrosis . analysis was also performed . incidence of nodal necrosis was 22.9 % . nodal response rates to chemotherapy were 88.9 % ( 8/9 ) in patients with nodal necrosis and 74.2 % ( 23/31 ) in those without . significant differences in nodal control rate , local control rate , distant failure rate , and overall and cause-specific survival rates were found . overall relapse-free survival rate was lower in patients with cervical nodal necrosis ( 36 % ) as compared with those without ( 53 % , p = .04 ) . analysis , however , did not confirm cervical nodal necrosis to be an independent prognostic factor . of nodal necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma does not affect nodal response to chemotherapy and nodal control by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy . nodal necrosis does not appear to be an independent factor in predicting treatment outcome . studies to correlate nodal density with oxygenation status as well as tumor cell kinetics are warranted ."
1266,Abstract #1266,"efficacy of sibutramine has been demonstrated in randomized trials in obese/overweight patients including those with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . objective was to evaluate the effects of 1-year treatment with sibutramine compared to placebo on body weight , glycaemic control , lipid profile , and inflammatory parameters in type 2 diabetic patients . hundred and forty-six patients with uncontrolled T2DM [ glycated haemoglobin ( HbA ( 1c ) ) > 80 % ] in therapy with different oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin were randomized to take 10 mg of sibutramine or placebo for 12 months . evaluated at baseline , and after 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months these parameters : body weight , body mass index ( BMI ) , HbA ( 1c ) , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , post-prandial plasma glucose ( PPG ) , fasting plasma insulin ( FPI ) , homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index ( HOMA-IR ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , triglycerides ( Tg ) , leptin , tumour necrosis factor - ( TNF - ) , adiponectin ( ADN ) , vaspin , high sensitivity C-reactive protein ( Hs-CRP ) . observed a decrease of body weight after 9 and 12 months in the group treated with sibutramine , but not in the control group . glycaemic and lipid profile , although there are differences seen over time within each of the groups , we did not obtain any significant differences between the two groups . placebo and sibutramine gave a similar improvement of HOMA-IR , leptin , TNF - , ADN , and Hs-CRP . vaspin variations were observed in either group . resulted in a decrease in body weight at 9 months and at 12 months that was not observed with placebo . there were differences seen over time within each of the groups , there were no significant differences between groups for any other parameter that we measured ."
1267,Abstract #1267,"nonadherence and relapse are common problems in patients with schizophrenia . long-acting 3-month formulation of paliperidone palmitate , owing to its extended elimination half-life , may offer a valuable therapeutic option for these patients . evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 3-month formulation of paliperidone palmitate vs placebo in delaying time to relapse of schizophrenia symptoms . randomized , multicenter trial conducted from April 26 , 2012 , through April 9 , 2014 , in 8 countries consisted of 4 phases : 3-week screening phase , flexible-dose 17-week open-label transition phase , 12-week open-label maintenance phase , and open-ended double-blind ( DB ) phase . the 506 patients enrolled ( aged 18-70 years ; DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia ) , 305 were randomized to 3-month paliperidone palmitate ( n = 160 ) or placebo ( n = 145 ) in the DB phase . received once-monthly doses of the 1-month formulation of paliperidone palmitate ( 50 , 75 , 100 , or 150 mg eq ) during the transition phase , followed by a single dose of the 3-month formulation ( 3.5 times the stabilized dose of once-monthly paliperidone palmitate ) during the maintenance phase . patients were randomized to receive either a fixed dose of 3-month paliperidone palmitate ( 175 , 263 , 350 , or 525 mg eq ) or placebo once every 3 months during the DB phase . from randomization to the first relapse event ( time to relapse ) in the DB phase . the interim analysis , time to first relapse was significantly different in favor of the paliperidone palmitate group vs the placebo group ( hazard ratio = 3.45 ; 95 % CI , 1.73-6 .88 ; P < .001 ) ; median time to relapse was 274 days for placebo but not estimable for 3-month paliperidone palmitate . independent data monitoring committee recommended early study termination due to efficacy . the DB phase , 183 of 305 patients ( 62 % with 3-month paliperidone palmitate ; 58 % with placebo ) had at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event ; those noted more frequently in the group receiving paliperidone palmitate than in the placebo group were headache ( 9 % vs 4 % ) , weight increased ( 9 % vs 3 % ) , nasopharyngitis ( 6 % vs 1 % ) , and akathisia ( 4 % vs 1 % ) . with placebo , the 3-month formulation of paliperidone palmitate administered 4 times yearly significantly delayed time to relapse in patients with schizophrenia . 3-month formulation was generally tolerable and has a safety profile consistent with other marketed paliperidone formulations . Identifier : NCT01529515 ."
1268,Abstract #1268,"compare recovery times and quality following maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane or isoflurane after a standard intravenous induction technique in horses undergoing magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) . , randomised , blinded clinical study . One hundred ASA I/II horses undergoing MRI . medication with intravenous acepromazine and romifidine was followed by induction of anaesthesia with diazepam and ketamine . animals were randomised into two groups to receive either sevoflurane or isoflurane in oxygen . were subjectively scored ( 0-5 ) for temperament before sedation , for quality of sedation , induction and maintenance and anaesthetic depth on entering the recovery area . were videotaped and scored by an observer , unaware of the treatment , using two scoring systems . to the first movement , head lift , sternal recumbency and standing were recorded along with the number of attempts to achieve sternal and standing positions . were compared using a Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test ( p < 0.05 ) , while the correlation between subjective recovery score and other relevant variables was tested calculating the Spearman Rank correlation coefficient and linear regression modelling performed when significant . horses entered the final analysis , 38 received isoflurane and 39 sevoflurane . mass , age and duration of anaesthesia were similar for both groups . were no differences in recovery times , scoring or number of attempts to achieve sternal recumbency and standing between groups . , but significant , correlations were found between the subjective recovery score for the pooled data from both groups and both temperament and time in sternal recumbency . differences in recovery times or quality were detected following isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia after intravenous induction . relevance Sevoflurane affords no obvious advantage in recovery over isoflurane following a standard intravenous induction technique in horses not undergoing surgery ."
1269,Abstract #1269,"evaluate the disposition of fentanyl after i.v. and transdermal administrations . hypothesis was that transdermal administration of fentanyl would result in a measurable plasma opioid concentration . dog received 2 treatments in a randomized , crossover design . clinically normal Beagles . treatments consisting of i.v. fentanyl ( 50 micrograms/kg of body weight ) and transdermal fentanyl ( 50 micrograms/h ) administrations . fentanyl concentrations were measured at fixed times , and pharmacokinetic values were calculated . pharmacokinetics of fentanyl was similar to those previously described in dogs and provided the distribution and clearance data necessary to calculate the rate of absorption of the transdermally administered opioid . transdermal fentanyl patch produced average steady-state concentrations of 1.6 ng/ml . actual rate of delivery of transdermal fentanyl was 35.7 ( range , 13.7 to 49.8 ) micrograms/h , which represented 71.48 % ( range , 27.45 to 99.56 % ) of the theoretical rate of delivery . mean elimination half-life of fentanyl after patch removal was 1.39 hours . administered fentanyl resulted in fairly constant plasma concentrations , in the range generally considered to be analgesic , from 24 to 72 hours after application of the patch . rate of drug delivery was less than expected , and there was substantial individual variation . administered fentanyl has the potential to be a clinically useful analgesic regimen in dogs , and further evaluation of its analgesic actions and potential side effects warranted"
1270,Abstract #1270,"subjectively and objectively assess the effect of Jiawei Xiaoyao Powder ( JXYP ) on sleep in patients with psychological stress insomnia . : A randomized controlled study was conducted in 33 patients with psychological stress insomnia . were assigned to 4 groups , 4 in the TCM group treated with JXYP , 5 in the Western medicine ( WM ) group treated with Estazolam , 9 in the integrated medicine ( IM ) group treated with JXYP plus Estazolam , and 10 in the control group treated with placebo . of sleep in patients was assessed subjectively and objectively before treatment and 6 weeks after treatment by Pittsburgh sleep quality index ( PSQI ) , self-rating scale of sleep ( SRSS ) and polysomnography ( PSG ) , respectively . assessment on sleep showed that after 6-week treatment , the scores of PSQI and SRSS remarkably reduced in the TCM , IM and control groups ( P < 0.05 ) , while the decrease was insignificant in the WM group ( P > 0.05 ) , but no significant difference between groups was shown . objective assessment by PSG showed that no significant change was found after treatment in parameters of total sleep time ( TST ) , sleep time of phase 1 and 2 , slow wave phase , rapid-eye-movement ( REM ) phase , sleep latency , REM sleep latency , also in long waking and short waking times in all group ( P > 0.05 ) , but a significant increase of sleep efficacy ( P < 0.05 ) and an increasing trend of TST ( P > 0.05 ) were shown in the IM group , and an increasing trend of both in the TCM group ( P > 0.05 ) . , combined with or without Estazolam , can improve the quality of sleep subjectively , and the combination of the two could enhance the efficacy of sleep in patients with psychological stress insomnia ."
1271,Abstract #1271,"evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem after oral administration of a single dose ( 0.15 or 0.50 mg/kg ) and assess any associated antianxiety and sedative effects in dogs . clinically normal sexually intact male dogs of various breeds . were assigned to 2 groups ( 4 dogs/group ) and administered zolpidem orally once at a dose of 0.15 or 0.50 mg/kg in a crossover study ; each dog received the other treatment once after an interval of 1 week . samples were collected before and at intervals during the 24-hour period following dose administration . each time point , plasma zolpidem concentration was evaluated via a validated method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection , and pharmacodynamics were assessed via subjective assessments of sedation and level of agitation and selected clinical variables . pharmacokinetic profile of zolpidem in dogs was dose dependent , and the plasma drug concentrations attained were lower than those for humans administered equivalent doses . lower dose did not result in any clinical or adverse effects , but the higher dose generated paradoxical CNS stimulation of approximately 1 hour 's duration and a subsequent short phase of mild sedation . sedation phase was not considered to be of clinical relevance . desired clinical effects were not evident at plasma zolpidem concentrations 30 ng/mL , and the minimal plasma concentration that induced adverse effects was 60 ng/mL . indicated that zolpidem is not a suitable drug for inducing sedation in dogs ."
1272,Abstract #1272,"Mayo Lung Project ( MLP ) , a randomized controlled clinical trial of lung cancer screening conducted between 1971 and 1986 among male smokers aged 45 or above , demonstrated an increase in lung cancer survival since the time of diagnosis , but no reduction in lung cancer mortality . this result necessarily indicates a lack of mortality benefit for screening remains controversial . number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the observed outcome , including over-diagnosis , screening sensitivity , and population heterogeneity ( initial difference in lung cancer risks between the two trial arms ) . study is intended to provide model-based testing for some of these important arguments . a micro-simulation model , the MISCAN-lung model , we explore the possible influence of screening sensitivity , systematic error , over-diagnosis and population heterogeneity . screening sensitivity , systematic error , or over-diagnosis does not noticeably improve the fit of the model , whereas calibrating population heterogeneity helps the model predict lung cancer incidence better . conclusion is that the hypothesized imperfection in screening sensitivity , systematic error , and over-diagnosis do not in themselves explain the observed trial results . fit improvement achieved by accounting for population heterogeneity suggests a higher risk of cancer incidence in the intervention group as compared with the control group ."
1273,Abstract #1273,"studies have compared the effects of intra-articular bupivacaine and morphine for postoperative pain control after arthroscopy of the knee . date , these agents have not been compared in the shoulder . purpose of this study was to compare intra-articular ( IA ) / subacromial ( SA ) morphine , bupivacaine , and placebo after shoulder arthroscopy . , double-blind , randomized clinical trial . effectiveness of each drug was measured by comparing the amount of supplemental analgesics required as well as the evaluation of each patient 's level of pain after surgery . visual analog scale was used to record each patient 's level of pain before surgery and at various time intervals after surgery . amount of supplemental analgesic was likewise recorded for 24 hours after surgery . patients were randomized into 3 groups and injected with morphine ( n = 22 ) , bupivacaine ( n = 22 ) , or saline ( n = 20 ) at the conclusion of shoulder arthroscopy . injection was directed intra-articular as well as subacromial if surgical dissection had been performed in this area . significance was determined at P < .05 . were no differences between groups before surgery . statistically significant difference in pain level at 30 and 60 minutes was found . 30 and 60 minutes , patients who were administered IA/SA bupivacaine reported average pain levels less than those administered morphine or saline . was not statistically different from saline at reducing postarthroscopy pain at any time interval . differences in pain level , there were no significant differences in the amount of supplemental analgesics requested at any time interval among these 3 groups . morphine does not contribute to postoperative pain control after shoulder arthroscopy , whereas IA/SA bupivacaine improves pain control during the first 60 minutes after surgery ."
1274,Abstract #1274,"experience of unpleasant blood donation reactions ( e.g. , dizziness , nausea , and fainting ) has been linked to negative attitudes about donation and decreased likelihood of repeat donation . , interventions to reduce the adverse effects of blood donation are important and likely to increase donor retention . on laboratory studies suggesting that social support attenuates both physical and psychological responses to stress , the present study hypothesized that the presence of a supportive person during the donation process may help reduce reactions . final sample of 65 men and women with fewer than three prior donations was randomly assigned to either donate blood as usual or donate with a supportive research assistant . in the support condition were accompanied throughout the donation process by a female research assistant who provided encouragement , made reassuring remarks , and engaged in small talk . in both conditions completed a series of questions to assess anxiety , experience of prefaint reactions , and willingness to provide a future donation . to standard donation controls , donors in the social support condition reported fewer prefaint reactions ( F ( 1,61 ) = 9.15 , p = 0.004 , eta ( 2 ) = 0.13 ) and greater likelihood of donating again within the next year ( Z = -1.70 , p < 0.05 , one-tailed ) . novice donors report reduced reactions to blood donation when accompanied by a supportive individual , suggesting that social support may be a simple strategy to enhance the donation experience and possibly increase donor retention ."
1275,Abstract #1275,"evaluate the efficacy of high-titer intravenous respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin ( RSVIG ) in the treatment of children at high risk for severe RSV infection who were hospitalized with proven RSV . and young children younger than 2 years with bronchopulmonary dysplasia , chronic lung disease , congenital heart disease , or prematurity ( < 32 weeks ' gestational age ) , hospitalized with a history of lower respiratory tract infection ( LRI ) of less than 4 days , were enrolled in this study . were randomized in a blinded fashion to receive either 1500 mg/kg RSVIG or placebo in equal volumes . were evaluated daily for safety and respiratory scores and for RSV nasal shedding . hundred seven high-risk children were randomized -- 54 in the RSVIG group and 53 in the placebo group . these children , 51 in each group were considered evaluable . with pulmonary disease , congenital heart disease , or prematurity were equally distributed between the two treatment groups . , two important differences were found in baseline variables between the two groups : there were more patients in the placebo group who had histories of previous LRI and there was a trend toward more severe disease at study entry in the RSVIG group . was manifested by a higher entry respiratory score in the RSVIG group than in the placebo group ( 3.4 + / - 0.2 vs 3.1 + / - .01 ) . higher proportion of children in the RSVIG group ( 47 % ) than in the placebo group ( 28 % ) required intensive care at entry and mechanical ventilation at study entry ( 31 % RSVIG-treated vs 18 % placebo-treated patients ) . significant difference was found between groups in the mean unadjusted duration of hospitalization ( RSVIG group , 9.10 + / - 1.18 days ; control group , 8.17 + / - 1.08 days ) . the mean was adjusted for entry respiratory score , likewise , no difference was observed between each group ( 8.41 + / - 0.97 vs 8.89 + / - .99 days ) . lack of efficacy observed in the study primary endpoint was observed in all diagnostic groups . differences between the RSVIG and placebo groups were observed in the following secondary endpoints : duration of intensive care unit stay , duration of intensive care unit stay for RSV , mechanical ventilation , or supplemental oxygen . significant differences in adverse events were reported in the RSVIG group ( 16 children ) when compared with the control group ( 10 children ) . treatment was safe but not efficacious in the treatment of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia , congenital heart disease , or premature gestation who were hospitalized with RSV LRI ."
1276,Abstract #1276,"effects of tilted and vertical optokinetic drum stripes on self-reports of motion sickness and electrogastrograms ( EGG 's ) were measured to investigate possible differences in the effects of stripe orientation . EGG is a non-invasive measure of gastric myoelectric activity . normal frequency is 3 cpm , and dysrhythmic 4-9 cpm activity , gastric tachyarrhythmia , has been found to be associated with motion sickness symptoms , particularly nausea . is theorized that these symptoms are related to a sensory mismatch between the visual and vestibular systems elicited by the drum 's rotation . hypothesized that tilted stripes would elicit more symptoms than vertical stripes due to an additional sensory mismatch between the visual and vestibular verticals . divided 45 subjects into 2 stripe orientation groups : Vertical , and Tilted 15 degrees in the direction of drum movement . the subject sat inside the stationary drum for a 6-min baseline , the drum was rotated ( 10 rpm ) for a maximum of 16 min , followed by a 6-min recovery period . the experiment we measured the subjects ' EGG 's and subjective symptoms of motion sickness ( SSMS ) . rotation and recovery , gastric tachyarrhythmic activity was higher for subjects in the Tilted condition ; the difference between stripe conditions was significant during rotation ( p < 0.05 ) . were , however , no differences between SSMS scores . stripes increase the dysrhythmic activity of the stomach that often precedes or accompanies nausea and other symptoms of motion sickness ."
1277,Abstract #1277,"test the hypothesis that muscle relaxant is not necessary in patients who are undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery with a ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway ( ProSeal LMA ) . , randomized study . room of Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children . adult , ASA physical status 1 and 2 women , aged 18 to 55 years . were randomly assigned to two groups ( n = 60 ) to receive a muscle relaxant ( Group MR ) or not ( Group NMR ) . anesthesia was used in patients of both groups for airway management with the ProSeal LMA . airway inflation pressures , airway sealing pressure , minimum flow rate , and recovery time were assessed . conditions were assessed by the operating gynecologist . frequency of sore throats was recorded . LMA insertion was 100 % successful . ' lungs were ventilated with a maximum sealing pressure of 32 5.1 cm H ( 2 ) O ( Group MR ) or 31 4.9 cm H ( 2 ) O ( Group NMR ) ( P = 0.341 ) . seal quality in both groups permitted the use of low flows : 485 291 mL/min in Group MR and 539 344 mL/min in Group NMR ( P = 0.2 ) . conditions were comparable between the two groups . was no difference in the frequency of sore throats ( 20 % vs 21.7 % ; P = 0.28 ) . Group NMR , there was a statistically significant reduction in recovery time versus Group MR ( 4.5 2.6 min vs 10.3 4.2 min ; P < 0.01 ) . relaxant is not necessary in general anesthesia with a ProSeal LMA ."
1278,Abstract #1278,"combination of 2-chloroprocaine and bupivacaine ( C/B ) for regional anesthesia has been described , but its use was largely abandoned due to equivocal results in efficacy . this prospective , double-blind , randomized study , we compared the onset of an interscalene block using C/B versus a combination of lidocaine and bupivacaine ( L/B ) . patients scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy under interscalene block were divided into two groups of 15 each . group ( C/B ) received 3 % 2-chloroprocaine combined with bicarbonate and epinephrine , immediately followed by 0.5 % bupivacaine and epinephrine , whereas the other group ( L/B ) received 2 % lidocaine instead of 3 % 2-chloroprocaine . and sensory block were assessed every 15 s. primary end-point was the time of onset to complete motor block . ( survival ) statistical analysis tests were applied . L/B patient had a failed block , and was excluded . median time to motor block for C/B and L/B was 90 ( 15-575 ) and 180 ( 15-3720 ) s , respectively ( P = 0.0325 ) , and to sensory block for C/B and L/B was 90 ( 30-600 ) and 210 ( 30-3900 ) s , respectively ( P = 0.0185 ) . analysis showed that in 5 min , 13 of 15 patients from the C/B group but only 7 of 14 from the L/B group had a successful motor block . 10 min , 15 of 15 patients from the C/B group but only 10 of 14 from the L/B group had a successful motor block . took as long as 60 min to assess block success/failure for blocks in the L/B group . study demonstrates that a successful block was more rapid using C/B than L/B for interscalene blocks ."
1279,Abstract #1279,"examined the effect of long-term treatment with two doses of the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor enalapril on various immunological variables in patients with chronic congestive heart failure ( CHF ) . mediators are increasingly recognized to play a pathogenic role in the pathophysiology of CHF . ACE inhibitor therapy modifies immunological variables has not previously been investigated . patients ( mean age 52 + / - 11 years ) with CHF were randomized between low - ( 5 m g daily ) and high-dose ( 40 mg daily ) enalapril in a double-blind trial . levels of immunological parameters ( i.e. , proinflammatory cytokines , chemokines and adhesion molecules ) were measured at baseline , at 10 weeks and at the end of the study ( 34 weeks ) . immunological parameters , except soluble interleukin ( IL ) -6 receptor , were increased in CHF compared with 21 healthy controls . the study immunoreactive IL-6 levels decreased ( p < 0.05 ) and soluble IL-6 receptor increased ( p < 0.05 ) during high-dose but not during low-dose enalapril therapy . , IL-6 bioactivity decreased only during the high-dose ( p < 0.001 ) , resulting in a significant difference in change during treatment between the two dosage groups ( p < 0.001 ) . decrease in IL-6 bioactivity was significantly associated with decreased interventricular septum thickness as assessed by echocardiography ( r = 0.56 , p = 0.013 ) . other variables changed during treatment . patients with severe CHF , high-dose enalapril therapy is associated with a significant decrease in IL-6 activity . , despite treatment with a high-dose ACE inhibitor , a persistent immune activation exists in these patients which may be of importance for the progression of CHF ."
1280,Abstract #1280,"efficacy and safety of peginterferon alpha-2a ( 40 KD ) ( peg-IFNalpha-2a ) plus ribavirin has not been reported for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C. aim of this study was to evaluate this combination in treatment-nave patients and in non-responders or relapsers to interferon monotherapy . , 201 treatment-nave patients with hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) genotype-1b were randomly assigned to 180 microg peg-IFNalpha-2a once-weekly plus ribavirin 600-1000 mg/day or peg-IFNalpha-2a plus placebo for 48 weeks . , peg-IFNalpha-2a plus ribavirin was administered for 48 weeks to 100 non-responders or relapsers ( 85 % genotype-1 ) to previous interferon monotherapy . sustained virological response ( SVR ) was attained among significantly more treatment-nave patients receiving combination therapy than monotherapy ( 61 % vs 26 % , P < 0.001 ) . patients with high baseline HCV RNA , the SVR rate was 59 % with peg-IFNalpha-2a plus ribavirin versus 24 % with peg-IFNalpha-2a monotherapy . non-responders or relapsers to previous interferon monotherapy , 54 % attained an SVR . events were generally mild , and discontinuations rates due to adverse events or laboratory abnormalities were low . Japanese patients , peg-IFNalpha-2a plus ribavirin provided significant improvement in SVR rates compared with peg-IFNalpha-2a alone in treatment-nave patients , and was effective as re-treatment for non-responders or relapsers to previous treatment with interferon monotherapy ."
1281,Abstract #1281,"evaluate whether advance provision of emergency contraception increases its use and/or adversely affects usual contraceptive practices . performed a randomized controlled trial comparing advance provision of emergency contraception with usual care in 370 postpartum women from an inner-city public hospital . were followed for 1 year ; 85 % were available for at least one follow-up session . participants received routine contraceptive education . intervention group received a supply of emergency contraception ( eight oral contraceptive pills containing 0.15 mg of levonorgestrel and 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol ) and a 5-minute educational session . compared use of emergency contraception and changes in contraceptive behaviors between groups . provided with pills were four times as likely to have used emergency contraception as women in the control group over the course of the year ( 17 % versus 4 % ; relative risk [ RR ] 4.0 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.8 , 9.0 ) . were no more likely to have changed to a less effective method of birth control ( 30 % versus 33 % ; RR 0.92 ; 95 % CI 0.63 , 1.3 ) , or to be using contraception less consistently ( 18 % versus 25 % ; RR 0.74 ; 95 % CI 0.45 , 1.2 ) . half of each group reported at least one episode of unprotected intercourse during follow-up , but women who received emergency contraception were six times as likely to have used it ( 25 % versus 4 % ; RR 5.8 ; 95 % CI 2.1 , 16.4 ) . provision of emergency contraception significantly increased use without adversely affecting use of routine contraception . is safe and appropriate to provide emergency contraception to all postpartum women before discharge from the hospital ."
1282,Abstract #1282,"explore an effective method for electroacupuncture treatment of pain in waist and lower extremities due to prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc . 98 cases of such disease were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n = 53 ) and a control group ( n = 45 ) . treatment group were treated with local single-point electroacupuncture stimulation , and the control group with routine electroacupuncture stimulation for 8 sessions . pain in waist and lower extremities in the two groups were continuously evaluated with short-form of McGill pain questionnaire ( SF-MPQ ) . first treatment , SF-MPQ scores in the two groups were significantly different from those before treatment ( P < 0.001 ) , and there were significant differences between the two groups respectively ( P < 0.001 ) at the each time points . singly-point electroacupuncture has a better analgesic effect on pain in waist and lower extremities due to prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc ."
1283,Abstract #1283,"training of electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) consists of a combination of didactic and hands-on demonstrations using ECT equipment . goal was to explore the potential of a high-fidelity patient simulator ( HPS ) to train these skills . our knowledge , this is the first time an HPS has been used for skills training in psychiatry . psychiatry residents participated in this randomized controlled trial to compare traditional training ( n = 9 ) versus training using an HPS ( n = 10 ) . blinded raters assessed performance using a newly developed checklist and global rating scale for this task ( ECT-OSATS ) ( Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills ) . also completed a pretest-posttest knowledge test and confidence survey . in the HPS group performed significantly better in terms of ECT-OSATS when compared with the control group ( P < 0.001 ) . 10 of the HPS group received a `` pass '' rating following training , whereas only 1 of the 9 control group received a `` pass '' rating . were no significant group differences in posttest confidence ( P = 0.21 ) or total knowledge gain scores from pretest to posttest ( P = 0.36 ) . level of clinical skill acquired by trainees in psychiatry for performing ECT is significantly superior using HPS - based training , in contrast to the domains of knowledge and confidence , which appear to be equally imparted using either training modality . acquisition of skills in administering ECT seems to be an independent variable in relation to a clinician 's level of knowledge and confidence in performing ECT ."
1284,Abstract #1284,"symptoms are an established predictor of mortality and major adverse cardiac events ( defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction or hospitalization for unstable angina or urgent/emergency revascularizations ) in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) . study was conducted to determine the acceptability and efficacy of enhanced depression treatment in patients with ACS . 3-month observation period to identify patients with ACS and persistent depressive symptoms was followed by a 6-month randomized controlled trial . January 1 , 2005 , through February 29 , 2008 , 237 patients with ACS from 5 hospitals were enrolled , including 157 persistently depressed patients randomized to intervention ( initial patient preference for problem-solving therapy and/or pharmacotherapy , then a stepped-care approach ; 80 patients ) or usual care ( 77 patients ) and 80 nondepressed patients who underwent observational evaluation . primary outcome was patient satisfaction with depression care . outcomes were depressive symptom changes ( assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory ) , major adverse cardiac events , and death . the end of the trial , the proportion of patients who were satisfied with their depression care was higher in the intervention group ( 54 % of 80 ) than in the usual care group ( 19 % of 77 ) ( odds ratio , 5.4 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 2.2-12 .9 [ P < .001 ] ) . Beck Depression Inventory score decreased significantly more ( t ( 155 ) = 2.85 [ P = .005 ] ) for intervention patients ( change , -5.7 ; 95 % CI , -7.6 to -3.8 ; df = 155 ) than for usual care patients ( change , -1.9 ; 95 % CI , -3.8 to -0.1 ; df = 155 ) ; the depression effect size was 0.59 of the standard deviation . the end of the trial , 3 intervention patients and 10 usual care patients had experienced major adverse cardiac events ( 4 % and 13 % , respectively ; log-rank test , chi ( 2 ) ( 1 ) = 3.93 [ P = .047 ] ) , as well as 5 nondepressed patients ( 6 % ) ( for the intervention vs nondepressed cohort , chi ( 2 ) ( 1 ) = 0.48 [ P = .49 ] ) . depression care for patients with ACS was associated with greater satisfaction , a greater reduction in depressive symptoms , and a promising improvement in prognosis . Identifier : NCT00158054 ."
1285,Abstract #1285,"evaluate the effect of a dance-based therapy on depressive symptoms among institutionalized older adults . controlled trial . homes . adults ( 60 years or older ) permanently living in a nursing home . Dance for Seniors ( EXDASE ) Program designed for the use in long-term care settings performed once a week for 60 minutes for 3 months . measures included sociodemographic characteristics , ability to perform basic as well as instrumental activities of daily living , basic mobility , self-rated health , and cognitive status . measures were collected before and after the intervention and included assessment of depressive symptoms using the geriatric depression scale ( GDS ) . of participants with MMSE of 15 or higher showed that GDS scores in the intervention group significantly improved ( P = .005 ) , whereas the control group had a trend of further worsening of depressive symptoms ( P = .081 ) . analysis documented highly statistically significant effect of dance therapy ( P = .001 ) that was not influenced by controlling for intake of antidepressants and nursing home location . therapy may have decreased depressive symptoms even in participants with MMSE lower than 15 and resulted in more discontinuations and fewer prescriptions of antidepressants in the intervention group than in the control group . study provides evidence that dance-based exercise can reduce the amount of depressive symptoms in nursing home residents . general , this form of exercise seems to be very suitable and beneficial for this population ."
1286,Abstract #1286,"compare visual outcome after applying wavefront-guided customized ablation with conventional ablation in laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) patients . performed a prospective , randomized controlled study that included 22 eyes of 11 patients who were treated with LASIK using the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser system . applied wavefront-guided customized ablation ( study group ) in the first eye of each patient . conventional ablation ( control group ) was performed in the other eye of the same patient . spectacle-corrected visual acuity ( BSCVA ) , spherical equivalent refraction , and high-order aberrations were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 month . aberrations were measured using the Nidek OPD-Scan . and 1-month postoperative BSCVA were better than 20/40 ( 100 % ) after LASIK with both conventional ablation ( control ) and wavefront-guided customized ablation . , mean high-order aberrations in the control group were 0.572 and in the study group , 0.428 ( Zernike coefficient unit ) . after LASIK , mean high-order aberrations in the control group were 0.496 and in the study group , 0.476 ( Zernike coefficient unit ) . found no statistically significant difference between preoperative and 1-month postoperative high-order aberrations in either group . with both conventional ablation and wavefront-guided customized ablation resulted in the same BSCVA 1 month after LASIK . and 1-month postoperative high-order aberrations were not statistically different following LASIK between ablation types ."
1287,Abstract #1287,"on the criteria established by the International Association for the Study of Pain , the prevalence of persistent neck pain , secondary to involvement of cervical facet or zygapophysial joints has been described in controlled studies as varying from 54 % to 67 % . injections , medial branch nerve blocks and neurolysis of medial branch nerves have been described in managing chronic neck pain of facet joint origin . determine the clinical effectiveness of therapeutic cervical medial branch blocks in managing chronic neck pain of facet joint origin and to evaluate the effectiveness of the addition of Sarapin and steroids to local anesthetics . double-blind , randomized , controlled trial . interventional pain management setting in the United States . this preliminary analysis , data from a total of 60 patients were included , with 15 patients in each of the 4 groups . patients were in a non-steroid group ( combined Group I and II ) ; and 30 patients were in a steroid group ( combined Group III and IV ) . of the patients met the diagnostic criteria of cervical facet joint pain by means of comparative , controlled diagnostic blocks . types of interventions were included . I served as control , receiving medial branch blocks using bupivacaine . II consisted of cervical medial branch blocks with bupivacaine and Sarapin . III consisted of cervical medial branch blocks with bupivacaine and betamethasone . IV consisted of cervical medial branch blocks with bupivacaine , Sarapin and betamethasone . pain scores , Neck Pain Disability Index , opioid intake , and work status were evaluated at baseline , 3 months , 6 months and 12 months . pain relief ( > or = 50 % ) , and functional status improvement was observed at 3 months , 6 months and 12 months . average number of treatments for 1 year was 3.8 + / - 0.7 in the non-steroid group and 3.4 + / - 1.0 in the steroid group with no significant difference among the groups . of average pain relief with each procedure was 13.4 + / - 3.5 weeks in the nonsteroid group , and it was 15.9 + / - 8.0 weeks in the steroid group with no significant difference among the groups . cervical medial branch nerve blocks , with or without Sarapin or steroids , may provide effective management for chronic neck pain of facet joint origin ."
1288,Abstract #1288,"reduced in fat and cholesterol are recommended for children over 2 years of age , yet long-term safety and efficacy are unknown . study tests the long-term efficacy and safety of a cholesterol-lowering dietary intervention in children . hundred sixty-three children 8 to 10 years of age with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) were randomized to a dietary intervention or usual care group , with a mean of 7.4 years ' follow-up . dietary behavioral intervention promoted adherence to a diet with 28 % of energy from total fat , < 8 % from saturated fat , up to 9 % from polyunsaturated fat , and < 75 mg/1000 kcal cholesterol per day . LDL-C , height , and serum ferritin were primary efficacy and safety outcomes . in dietary total fat , saturated fat , and cholesterol were greater in the intervention than in the usual care group throughout the intervention period . 1 year , 3 years , and at the last visit , the intervention compared with the usual care group had 4.8 mg/dL ( .13 mmol/L ) , 3.3 mg/dL ( .09 mmol/L ) , and 2.0 mg/dL ( .05 mmol/L ) lower LDL-C , respectively . were no differences at any data collection point in height or serum ferritin or any differences in an adverse direction in red blood cell folate , serum retinol and zinc , sexual maturation , or body mass index . fat modification can be achieved and safely sustained in actively growing children with elevated LDL-C , and elevated LDL-C levels can be improved significantly up to 3 years . in the usual care group 's diet suggest that pediatric practices and societal and environmental forces are having positive public health effects on dietary behavior during adolescence ."
1289,Abstract #1289,"assess the correlation between the metal artifact degree and the tube voltage ( in peak kilovolts ; kVp ) and tube current ( in milliamperes ; mA ) in multidetector row computed tomography ( MDCT ) and evaluate the proper protocols for reduction in the metal artifact and the radiation dose . performed MDCT examinations for 13 cadavers operated for transpedicular screw insertion from C3 to C7 , bilaterally . used 80 , 100 , and 120 kVp in all cadavers . the mA , we arbitrarily applied 100 , 150 , and 200 in 6 cadavers ( experiment 1 ) ; 140 , 180 , and 220 in 4 ( experiment 2 ) , and randomly used mAs between 60 and 220 in 3 ( experiment 3 ) . lengths of the artifacts emanating from the anterior and posterior tips of the screw were used for the degree of artifact . experiment 1 , the mA did not significantly affect the metal artifacts ( P > 0.05 ) ; but the kVp did ( P < 0.05 ) . experiment 2 , the mA and kVp did not significantly affect the metal artifact degree ( P > 0.05 ) . experiment 3 , the mA did not affect the metal artifacts , but the kVp caused changes in metal artifact degrees ( simple quantitative analysis ) . proper parameters for the simultaneous reduction in the artifact and radiation dose are suggested to be tube voltages from 100 to 120 kVp and tube currents lower than the generally used values of 200 to 220 mA ."
1290,Abstract #1290,"controversy exists over the effectiveness and clinical value of intraperitoneal local anaesthetics for treating pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . use of intraperitoneal lidocaine was evaluated in this study . the end of surgery , 200 ml saline containing 200 mg lidocaine , or the same volume of saline , were randomly splashed under the right diaphragmatic surface in 50 patients in a double-blind manner . shoulder and abdominal pain intensity were recorded on a numeric grading scale and a visual analogue scale , respectively . consumption was also recorded . function tests were compared before and after surgery . effects and recovery variables were assessed by the nurses at 2-h intervals . incidence , severity and duration of shoulder pain were reduced from 40 % of patients scoring 3.9 + / -0.2 for duration of 17.9 + / -0.2 h in the control group to 12 % scoring 2.5 + / -0.5 for duration of 1.6 + / -0.01 h in the lidocaine group . treated patients had significantly less abdominal postoperative pain immediately on return to the ward and during the first postoperative day ( P < 0.05 ) . No pain on deep inspiration '' was reported by 72 % of patients in the lidocaine group immediately on return to the ward compared to 8 % of those in the control group . consumption for 24 h after surgery was significantly less in the lidocaine group ( P < 0.05 ) . were no significant differences in respiratory function tests , recovery variables or incidence of side effects between the two groups . lidocaine is simple to use and results in a long-lasting reduction of pain after a single administration ."
1291,Abstract #1291,"identify factors associated with a high and low risk of developing multiple sclerosis after an initial episode of optic neuritis . hundred eighty-eight patients who experienced acute optic neuritis between July 1 , 1988 , and June 30 , 1991 , were followed up prospectively for the development of multiple sclerosis . patients were reassessed after 10 to 13 years . 10-year risk of multiple sclerosis was 38 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 33 % -43 % ) . ( 160 ) who had 1 or more typical lesions on the baseline magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) scan of the brain had a 56 % risk ; those with no lesions ( 191 ) had a 22 % risk ( P < .001 , log rank test ) . the patients who had no lesions on MRI , male gender and optic disc swelling were associated with a lower risk of multiple sclerosis , as was the presence of the following atypical features for optic neuritis : no light perception vision ; absence of pain ; and ophthalmoscopic findings of severe optic disc edema , peripapillary hemorrhages , or retinal exudates . 10-year risk of multiple sclerosis following an initial episode of acute optic neuritis is significantly higher if there is a single brain MRI lesion ; higher numbers of lesions do not appreciably increase that risk . , even when brain lesions are seen on MRI , more than 40 % of the patients will not develop clinical multiple sclerosis after 10 years . the absence of MRI lesions , certain demographic and clinical features seem to predict a very low likelihood of developing multiple sclerosis . natural history information is a critical input for estimating a patient 's 10-year multiple sclerosis risk and for weighing the benefit of initiating prophylactic treatment at the time of optic neuritis or other initial demyelinating events in the central nervous system ."
1292,Abstract #1292,"risk factors and related behaviors begin during youth . part of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health , 4,019 children from four states and representing multiple ethnic groups were measured for selected risk factors both at baseline and after 2 ( 1/2 ) years of intervention . protocols were used for both examinations at the four sites . , changes in obesity , blood pressure , and serum lipids in the intervention group , compared with the control group , were not statistically significant . cholesterol , the primary physiologic outcome measure , decreased by 1.3 mg/dl over time in the intervention group and by 0.9 mg/dl ( P > 0.05 ) in the control group . risk factor patterns for boys and girls and among three ethnic groups were noted . the school-based program effected significant institutional changes in food service and physical education class and although the children made significant changes in eating and physical activity behaviors , these did not translate to significant changes in risk factors at these ages . behavioral changes , however , if sustained into adulthood , have the potential to influence cardiovascular risk reduction ."
1293,Abstract #1293,"is a major factor in the morbidity and unnecessary hospital readmissions for patients with heart failure . studies have aimed to reduce rehospitalizations in heart failure patients through a comprehensive , multidisciplinary approach . compliance was rarely measured in these studies or , when it was measured , the method employed was seldom valid . aimed at determining the effect of a pharmacist-led intervention on medication compliance in patients with heart failure . conducted a randomized controlled trial into the effect of a pharmacist-led intervention on medication compliance in patients with heart failure ( predominantly New York Heart Association [ NYHA ] II and III ) treated with loop diuretics , presenting to a cardiology outpatient clinic or admitted to hospitals in The Netherlands . in the intervention group received monthly consultations from their community pharmacist during a 6-month period . in the control group received usual care . endpoint was medication compliance , assessed with a medication event monitoring system , an electronic pill bottle that registers time of opening . endpoints were the number of rehospitalizations , death , and quality of life . total of 152 patients were randomized : 74 patients to the intervention arm and 78 patients to the usual care arm . the 6-month study period , patients in the intervention group had 140/7656 days without use of loop diuretics compared with 337/6196 days in the usual care group ( relative risk 0.33 [ confidence interval ( CI ) 95 % 0.24-0 .38 ] ) . consecutive days of nondosing occurred on 18/7656 days in the intervention group compared with 46/6196 days in the usual care group ( relative risk 0.32 [ CI 95 % 0.19-0 .55 ] ) . were no significant differences in rehospitalizations , mortality , or disease-specific quality of life between groups . pharmacy-led intervention can improve medication compliance in patients with moderate to severe heart failure , even in those with relatively high compliance . interventions should also focus at less compliant patients ."
1294,Abstract #1294,"block of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve ( LFCN ) often has disappointing success rates despite the large volumes of local anesthetic used . study was undertaken to investigate the utility of using a nerve stimulator ( NS ) to localize and block the LFCN . obtaining institutional approval and informed consent , the authors proceeded with a two-stage study . stage 1 , 20 ASA 1 volunteers underwent LFCN block by both a fan and a NS technique in a prospective , randomized , crossover study utilizing strict criteria for success and extent of block . predict clinical utility , 20 patients underwent LFCN block by the NS technique using the same assessment criteria ( stage 2 ) . analysis for the comparisons was completed employing the Fisher 's exact or paired t-test as appropriate . < .05 was considered significant . NS technique significantly improved the success of LFCN block over the fan technique ( 100 % vs. 40 % , P = .00002 ) . extent of successful blocks was no different with the two techniques . in stage 2 was similar to that in stage 1 ( 85 % ) predicting clinical utility . NS can be used to localize a purely sensory nerve ; such as the LFCN , and improve success rates in regional anesthesia ."
1295,Abstract #1295,"evaluate the independent impact of congestive heart failure ( CHF ) status ( compensation or decompensation ) on serum uric acid levels among men with high cardiovascular risk profile . analyzed 11,681 men from the Multiple Risk Factor Interventional Trial , using data prospectively collected at baseline and annually over 6 years ( 64,644 visits ) . evaluated the impact of change in CHF status during study follow-up , as compared with study baseline , on hyperuricemia ( serum uric acid 7 mg/dL ) and serum uric acid levels , using generalized estimating equations , adjusting for age , race , weight , weight change , education , alcohol intake , diuretic use , hypertension , serum creatinine level , and dietary factors . , we evaluated the independent impact of change in diuretic use ( initiation or discontinuation ) . baseline , mean serum uric acid was 6.88 mg/dL . with no change in CHF status , odds ratios of hyperuricemia were 1.67 ( 95 % CI , 1.21 to 2.32 ) for CHF decompensation and 0.21 ( 95 % CI , 0.08 to 0.55 ) for compensation . corresponding uric acid differences were 0.41 ( 95 % CI , 0.20 to 0.62 ) and -1.00 ( 95 % CI , -1.72 to -0.27 ) , respectively . odds ratios for initiation and discontinuation of diuretic were 3.32 ( 95 % CI , 3.06 to 3.61 ) and 0.39 ( 95 % CI , 0.35 to 0.44 ) . decompensation and diuretic use are both independently associated with increased odds of hyperuricemia among men with a high cardiovascular risk profile , whereas CHF recovery and diuretic discontinuation are associated with substantially lower odds of hyperuricemia ."
1296,Abstract #1296,"determine the value of Helicobacter pylori ( Hp ) serology in diagnosis of active Hp infection in patients with documented duodenal ulcer ( DU ) and to directly compare the efficacy and side-effects profiles of metronidazole or tinidazole in a triple therapy regimen to eradicate active Hp infection . , single-blinded , randomised trial . hundred patients from General Practice with documented DU and Hp seropositivity had a C14 Urea Breath Test ( UBT ) . who tested positive were randomised to receive one-week , twice daily omeprazole 20 mgs and clarithromycin 250 mgs in combination with metronidazole 400 mgs ( OCM ) or tinidazole 500 mgs ( OCT ) . was confirmed by a repeat UBT . five sero-positive patients had a positive pre-treatment UBT . intention to treat basis , OCT ( 100 % ) had a significantly better eradication rate than OCM ( 87.8 % ) , p = 0.023 . was no difference in side effects . 1 ) Positive Hp serology in patients with DU does not always mean active infection and ( 2 ) for patients in the community with active Hp and DU disease OCT is significantly better than OCM for eradicating Hp ."
1297,Abstract #1297,"evaluate the analgesic , physiologic , and behavioral effects of the epidural administration of tiletamine/zolazepam in horses . , double-blind , randomized experimental study . adult , healthy horses aged 10-16 years and weighing ( mean + / - SD ) 400 + / - 98 kg . horses were sedated with 1.0 mg kg ( -1 ) intravenous ( IV ) xylazine , and an epidural catheter was placed into the first intercoccygeal intervertebral space . a 48-hour resting period , epidural tiletamine/zolazepam , 0.5 mg kg ( -1 ) ( treatment I ) or 1.0 mg kg ( -1 ) ( treatment II ) , diluted up to 5 mL in sterile water , was administered with a 1-week interval between the treatments . rate , respiratory rate , arterial blood pressure , and sedation were evaluated . order to evaluate the respiratory effects , blood from the carotid artery was withdrawn at time 0 ( baseline ) , and then after 60 and 240 minutes . was evaluated by applying a noxious stimulus with blunt-tipped forceps on the perineal region , and graded as complete , moderate , or absent . were collected before tiletamine/zolazepam administration and at 15-minute intervals for 120 minutes , and 4 hours after tiletamine/zolazepam administration . were analyzed with anova and Bonferroni 's test with p < 0.05 . results showed no significant difference between treatments in cardiovascular and respiratory measurements . was observed with both doses , and it was significantly different from baseline at 60 , 75 , and 90 minutes in treatment II . analgesia and locomotor ataxia were observed with both the treatments . results suggest that caudal epidural 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg ( -1 ) tiletamine/zolazepam increases the threshold to pressure stimulation in the perineal region in horses . use of epidural tiletamine/zolazepam could be indicated for short-term moderate epidural analgesia . are no studies examining spinal toxicity of Telazol , and further studies are necessary before recommending clinical use of this technique ."
1298,Abstract #1298,"evaluate vaginal bleeding profiles with lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens ( CEE ) and medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) as continuous combined therapy . Women 's Health , Osteoporosis , Progestin , Estrogen ( Women 's HOPE ) study , a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . centers across the United States . thousand six hundred seventy-three healthy , postmenopausal women . received CEE , 0.625 mg/d ; CEE , 0.625 mg/d , plus MPA 2.5 mg/d ; CEE , 0.45 mg/d ; CEE , 0.45 mg/d , plus MPA , 2.5 mg/d ; CEE 0.45 mg/d , plus MPA , 1.5 mg/d ; CEE , 0.3 mg/d ; CEE , 0.3 mg/d , plus MPA , 1.5 mg/d ; or placebo for 1 year . data were analyzed in efficacy-evaluable and intention-to-treat populations . amenorrhea and no bleeding rates were higher with lower doses of CEE/MPA than with CEE 0.625 / MPA 2.5 . linear trend between time since menopause and cumulative amenorrhea was observed ( P < .05 ) in all CEE/MPA groups except the CEE 0.45 / MPA 1.5 group . proportion of patients who experienced no bleeding in cycle 1 was 89 % , 82 % , and 80 % in the CEE 0.3 / MPA 1.5 , CEE 0.45 / MPA 1.5 , and CEE 0.45 / MPA 2.5 groups , respectively . values were significantly greater than the incidence of no bleeding in the CEE 0.625 / MPA 2.5 group ( P < .05 ) . regimens of CEE and MPA produce higher rates of amenorrhea and no bleeding compared with CEE 0.625 / MPA 2.5 and may be appropriate for newly menopausal patients ."
1299,Abstract #1299,"objective was to determine whether low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) improves tinnitus by decreasing neural activity in auditory processing regions of the temporal cortex and the utility of positron emission tomography ( PET ) for targeting treatment . , sham-controlled crossover . received a five-day course of active and sham 1-Hz rTMS ( 1800 pulses at 110 % of motor threshold ) to the temporal cortex , with a week separating active and sham treatment . analogue ratings of tinnitus loudness ( VARL ) were assessed at baseline and the end of each treatment week ; regional brain blood flow ( rBBF ) and glucose metabolism ( via PET ) were measured before and after treatment in regions of interest ( ROI ) beneath the stimulating coil and control sites . VARL for both ears significantly decreased after active but not sham treatment . comprised 43 % of patients , experiencing at least a 33 % drop in tinnitus loudness . site most consistently associated with a positive response was the secondary auditory cortex ( Brodmann Area 22 ) in either hemisphere . asymmetries were variable across patients and not always accessible to rTMS . PET activity decreased significantly beneath the stimulating coil following active treatment , similar changes occurred at control sites and after sham stimulation . in tinnitus perception did not correlate significantly with change in PET activity at the treatment site ROI . TMS led to a significant reduction in tinnitus loudness , but PET scans failed to support the hypothesis that low-frequency rTMS improves tinnitus by reducing cortical activation at the stimulation site , questioning the utility of PET for targeting rTMS ."
1300,Abstract #1300,"evaluate the effect of proinflammatory cytokines , their receptors , and nutritional indicators ( at baseline and after 12 weeks of megestrol acetate ( MA ) treatment ) upon long-term survival in geriatric cachectic patients without active acute infections , inflammation , or cancer . clinical trial with placebo or MA treatment for 12 weeks and then follow-up for more than 4 years . Affairs nursing home in Northport , New York . home patients with weight loss of 5 % of usual body weight over the previous 3 months or body weight 20 % below ideal body weight . assignment of placebo or MA oral suspension 800 mg/d to the eligible patients for 12 weeks . blood cell counts , prealbumin , plasma cytokine levels ( or their receptors ) , including tumor necrosis factor receptor ( TNFR ) , soluble subunits ( TNFR-p55 and TNFR-p75 ) , interleukin ( IL ) -6 , soluble IL-2 receptor , and C-reactive protein at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment . was no difference in survival between the MA and placebo groups . possible confounders , initial IL-6 , initial TNFR-p75 levels , and final neutrophil percentage were associated with elevated mortality , whereas higher initial prealbumin , initial albumin , final prealbumin , final albumin , and final weight gain were associated with decreased death . geriatric weight-loss patients with cachexia , certain cytokines and nutritional indicators were effective in predicting long-term mortality , regardless of treatment with MA . to modify levels of these cytokines or their receptors and improvement in nutritional status by weight gain might be helpful in ameliorating undetected chronic inflammation and thus might prolong the survival of these nursing home residents ."
1301,Abstract #1301,"sought to assess the efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with vascular dementia ( VaD ) fulfilling National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria . international , multicenter , 24-week trial was conducted from March 2003 to August 2005 . ( N = 974 ; mean age , 73.0 years ) with probable or possible VaD were randomized 2:1 to receive donepezil 5 mg/d or placebo . outcome measures were scores on the Vascular-Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale and Clinician 's Interview-Based Impression of Change , plus carer interview . were performed for the intent-to-treat population with the last-observation-carried-forward method . with placebo , donepezil-treated patients showed significant improvement from baseline to end point on the Vascular-Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale ( least-squares mean difference , -1.156 ; 95 % CI , -1.98 to -0.33 ; P < 0.01 ) but not on the Clinician 's Interview-Based Impression of Change , plus carer interview . with hippocampal atrophy who were treated with donepezil demonstrated stable cognition versus a decline in the placebo-treated group ; in those without atrophy , cognition improved with donepezil versus relative stability with placebo . on secondary efficacy measures were inconsistent . incidence of adverse events was similar across groups . deaths occurred in the donepezil group ( 1.7 % ) , similar to rates previously reported for donepezil trials in VaD , whereas no deaths occurred in the placebo group . treated with donepezil 5 mg/d demonstrated significant improvement in cognitive , but not global , function . was relatively well tolerated ; adverse events were consistent with current labeling . in the placebo group was unexpectedly low . differential treatment response of VaD patients by hippocampal size suggests that hippocampal imaging warrants further investigation for understanding VaD ."
1302,Abstract #1302,"of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in diabetes remains controversial . American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) , the American Heart Association ( AHA ) , and the American College of Cardiology Foundation ( ACCF ) recommend aspirin for high-risk diabetic patients : older patients with additional cardiovascular risk factors . evaluated aspirin 's benefit in Japanese diabetic patients stratified by cardiovascular risk . the JPAD trial , we enrolled 2,539 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and no history of cardiovascular disease . randomly assigned them to aspirin ( 81-100 mg daily ) or no aspirin groups . median follow-up period was 4.4 years . stratified the patients into high-risk or low-risk groups , according to the US recommendation : age ( older ; younger ) and coexisting cardiovascular risk factors . risk factors included smoking , hypertension , dyslipidemia , family history of coronary artery disease , and proteinuria . of the patients were classified into the high-risk group , consisting of older patients with risk factors ( n = 1,804 ) . incidence of cardiovascular events was higher in this group , but aspirin did not reduce cardiovascular events ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.83 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.58-1 .17 ) . the low-risk group , consisting of older patients without risk factors and younger patients ( n = 728 ) , aspirin did not reduce cardiovascular events ( HR , 0.55 ; 95 % CI : 0.23-1 .21 ) . results were unchanged after adjusting for potential confounding factors . aspirin is not beneficial in Japanese diabetic patients at high risk ."
1303,Abstract #1303,"UK Small Aneurysm Trial ( UKSAT ) and the American Aneurysm Detection and Management ( ADAM ) trial both concluded that early elective open surgery does not confer any late survival advantage in patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm ( AAA ) with diameter 4.0 to 5.5 cm . , two trials of endovascular aneurysm repair in small AAA have started based upon speculation that a sub-group of particularly fit patients , with low operative mortality , may benefit from early intervention . we investigate whether the fittest patients from the UKSAT might have benefited from early intervention . total of 1090 patients randomized into the UKSAT between 1991 and 1995 were followed for an average of 12 years for mortality . data were used to calculate the Customized Probability Index ( CPI ) , a validated prognostic risk score for operative mortality after elective open aneurysm repair that assigns risk points for history of cardiac , pulmonary , and renal disease and subtracts risk points for use of statins and beta-blockers . regression was used to assess any differences in all-cause or aneurysm-related mortality between policies of early surgery or surveillance across the fitness spectrum . for interaction used CPI scores as a continuous variable but patients also were stratified into tertile groups for descriptive purposes . ratios were adjusted for age , gender , and aneurysm diameter . total of 714 deaths ( 95 aneurysm-related ) occurred in 8485 person-years ( number of patients multiplied by average years of conditional follow-up ) . mean ( standard deviation [ SD ] ) CPI score was 8.1 ( 9.9 ) with similar scores between randomized groups . tertile groups had mean ( SD ) scores of -1.8 ( 3.7 ) for the 389 fittest patients , 8.8 ( 3.3 ) for the 438 moderately fit , 21.4 ( 6.6 ) for the 261 least fit with missing scores in 2 patients . tests for interaction were non-significant for both all-cause ( P = .176 ) and aneurysm-related mortality ( .178 ) . , for the least fit patients a survival advantage was seen in the early surgery group ; adjusted hazard ratios 0.73 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.56-0 .96 ) and 0.46 ( 95 % CI 0.22-0 .98 ) for all-cause and aneurysm-related mortality respectively . elective surgery did not confer any survival benefit in the fittest patients . the contrary , the possibility of a survival benefit from early intervention in patients of poor fitness merits further investigation through meta-analysis or validation in other prospective studies ."
1304,Abstract #1304,"adjuvant effects of probiotic-containing yogurt on second-line triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection have not been evaluated . total of 337 patients with persistent H. pylori infection , after first-line triple therapy , were randomly assigned to receive either triple therapy with ( yogurt group , n = 151 ) or without ( control group , n = 186 ) Will yogurt . therapy consisted of 400 mg moxifloxacin q.d. , 1000 mg amoxicillin b.i.d. , and 20 mg esomeprazole b.i.d. for 14 days . yogurt contains Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus casei , Bifidobacterium longum , and Streptococcus thermophilus . pylori eradication was evaluated by the ( 13 ) C-urea breath test , histology , or the rapid urease test . eradication rates by intention-to-treat analysis were 66.7 % and 68.9 % in the control and yogurt groups , respectively ( P = 0.667 ) . eradication rates by per-protocol analysis were 78.5 % and 86 % in the control and the yogurt groups , respectively ( P = 0.110 ) . adverse event rates were 25.3 % and 28.5 % in the control group and yogurt group , respectively ( P = 0.508 ) . addition of yogurt containing probiotics to moxifloxacin-containing second-line treatment neither improved H. pylori eradication rates nor reduced the adverse events of treatment ."
1305,Abstract #1305,"differences in Parkinson disease clinical features have been reported , but few studies have examined sex influences on use of dopaminergic medication in early Parkinson disease . objective of this study was to test if there are differences in the type of dopaminergic medication used and levodopa equivalent daily dose between men and women with early Parkinson disease enrolled in a large multicenter study of Creatine as a potential disease modifying therapy - the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Exploratory Trials in Parkinson Disease Long-Term Study-1 . data of 1,741 participants from 45 participating sites were analyzed . from the United States and Canada were enrolled within five years of Parkinson Disease diagnosis . outcome variables were studied : type of dopaminergic medication used and levodopa equivalent daily dose at baseline in the Long-Term Study-1 . statistic and linear regression models were used for statistical analysis . were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of use of different types of dopaminergic medications at baseline between men and women with Parkinson Disease . small but statistically significant difference was observed in the median unadjusted levodopa equivalent daily dose at baseline between women ( 300 mg ) and men ( 325 mg ) , but this was not observed after controlling for disease duration ( years since Parkinson disease diagnosis ) , disease severity ( Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale Motor and Activities of Daily Living Scores ) , and body weight . this large multicenter study , we did not observe sex differences in the type and dose of dopaminergic medications used in early Parkinson Disease . research is needed to evaluate the influence of male or female sex on use of dopaminergic medication in mid - and late-stage Parkinson Disease ."
1306,Abstract #1306,pilot study was conducted to determine whether supplementing standard classroom training methods regarding respiratory disease transmission with a visual demonstration could improve the use of personal protective equipment among emergency department nurses . included 20 emergency department registered nurses randomized into 2 groups : control and intervention . intervention group received supplemental training using the visual demonstration of respiratory particle dispersion . groups were then observed throughout their work shifts as they provided care during January-March 2005 . who received supplemental visual training correctly utilized personal protective equipment statistically more often than did participants who received only the standard classroom training . the standard training methods with a visual demonstration can improve the use of personal protective equipment during care of patients exhibiting respiratory symptoms .
1307,Abstract #1307,"with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) have an increased mortality rate primarily because of macrovascular disease . T2DM patients can not be managed sufficiently through diet , exercise and peroral antidiabetic drugs , that is when haemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) is above 7.0 % , it is yet unknown whether a combination of metformin and insulin analogues is superior to insulin analogues alone . is it known which insulin analogue regimen is the optimal . primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the effect of an 18-month treatment with metformin vs. placebo in combination with one of three insulin analogue regimens , the primary outcome measure being carotid intima-media thickness ( CIMT ) in T2DM patients . randomized , stratified , multicentre trial having a 2 x 3 factorial design . metformin part is double masked and placebo controlled . insulin treatment is open . intervention period is 18 months . hundred and fifty patients with T2DM and HbA1c > or = 7.5 % on treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents or on insulin treatment and deemed able , by the investigator , to manage once-daily insulin therapy with a long-acting insulin analogue . randomization stratified for age ( above 65 years ) , previous insulin treatment and treatment centre . 1 g x two times daily vs. placebo ( approximately 475 patients vs. 475 patients ) in combination with insulin detemir before bedtime ( approximately 315 patients ) or biphasic insulin aspart 30 before dinner with the possibility to increase to two or three injections daily ( approximately 315 patients ) or insulin aspart before the main meals ( three times daily ) and insulin detemir before bedtime ( approximately 315 patients ) . follows a treat-to-target principle in all six arms aiming for an HbA1c < or = 7.0 % . outcome measure is the change in CIMT from baseline to 18 months . outcome measures comprises the composite outcome of death , acute myocardial infarction , stroke or amputation assessed by an adjudication committee blinded to intervention , other cardiovascular clinical outcomes , average postprandial glucose increment from 0 to 18 months , hypoglycaemia and any inadvertent medical episodes . addition , change in plaque formation in the carotids , HbA1c , cardiovascular biomarkers , body composition , progression of microvascular complications and quality of life will be assessed as tertiary outcome measures . SCHEDULE : Patient enrolment started May 2008 . is expected to finish in March 2011 . is designed to provide evidence as to whether metformin is advantageous even during insulin treatment and to provide evidence regarding which insulin analogue regimen is most advantageous with regard to cardiovascular disease ."
1308,Abstract #1308,"describe physical examination and cancer prevention services provided by primary care physicians in response to the request for a `` checkup '' by an asymptomatic 55-year-old woman seeking to establish ongoing care ; to assess the effects of two interventions ( education and office organization ) intended to improve these services ; and to assess the feasibility of using `` standardized '' patients to evaluate physician responses to such a request . New England . primary care physicians who were accepting new patients and were participating in a study of early detection and prevention of cancer . sectional ; observations of patient visits . trained to portray a specific patient role ( `` standardized '' or `` simulated '' patients ) visited each physician once . were blinded to the simulated patients ' true identities . reported the components of the general physical examination and the cancer-related `` checkup . '' interactions were audiotaped . physical examination components were measured , ranging from assessment of vibratory sense ( 5 % ) to measurement of blood pressure ( 98 % ) . of 10 services recommended by the National Cancer Institute to standardized patients included 16 % being advised to reduce dietary fat ; 53 % to do monthly breast self-examination ; 74 % to quit smoking ; and 89 % to obtain a mammogram . spent from 5 to 60 minutes with the patients . physicians did not charge , whereas others charged from $ 24 to $ 108 . group assignment was not associated with statistical differences in provider performance . standardized patients ( 3 % ) were detected by physicians . were used to verify the actresses ' ability to replicate their scenario ( consistently repeat their performance ) and to verify physician performance . responses to an identical patient request varied widely in terms of time spent with the patient , the services provided , and the cost of the visit . standardized patients is a feasible method for assessing physician performance of the periodic health examination while controlling for case mix ."
1309,Abstract #1309,"is a first in class small-molecule visual cycle modulator that inhibits the isomerase complex and , in mouse models of retinal degeneration , prevents the accumulation of A2E . purpose of this study was to assess the tolerability , pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , and safety of a single , orally administered dose of ACU-4429 in healthy subjects . cohorts were administered single doses ranging from 2 mg to 75 mg . electroretinograms were recorded before and after exposure to full-field bleaching light . samples were taken at predetermined times . assessments included adverse events , vital signs , clinical laboratory assays , electrocardiograms , and ophthalmologic examination . 45-minute dark adaptation , electroretinographic findings demonstrated a dose-related slowing of the rate of recovery that reached its maximum on Day 2 and returned to baseline by Day 7 . area under the concentration curve and peak plasma concentration increased proportionally with increasing doses . time to peak concentration was 4 hours postdose . elimination mean half-life was 4 hours to 6 hours . events were mild and visual in nature ( dyschromatopsia and alteration in dark adaptation ) , transient , and resolved within a few days . event frequency was dose dependent . administration of ACU-4429 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the b-wave of the electroretinograms , was well tolerated up to 75 mg , and demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics across doses ."
1310,Abstract #1310,"Americans suffer disproportionately from diabetes complications , but little research has focused on how to improve diabetic control in this population . are also few or no data on a combined primary care and community-based intervention approach . randomly assigned 186 urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes ( 76 % female , mean A SD age 59 A 9 years ) to 1 of 4 parallel arms : ( 1 ) usual care only ; ( 2 ) usual care + nurse case manager ( NCM ) ; ( 3 ) usual care + community health worker ( CHW ) ; ( 4 ) usual care + nurse case manager/community health worker team . the framework of the Precede-Proceed behavioral model , interventions included patient counseling regarding self-care practices and physician reminders . 2-year follow-up visit was completed by 149 individuals ( 84 % ) . to the Usual care group , the NCM group and the CHW group had modest declines in HbA ( 1c ) over 2 years ( 0.3 and 0.3 % , respectively ) , and the combined NCM/CHW group had a greater decline in HbA ( 1c ) ( 0.8 % . = 0.137 ) . adjustment for baseline differences and/or follow-up time , the combined NCM/CHW group showed improvements in triglycerides ( -35.5 mg/dl ; P = 0.041 ) and diastolic blood pressure , compared to the usual care group ( -5.6 mmHg ; P = 0.042 ) . NCM/CHW interventions may improve diabetic control in urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes . results were clinically important , they did not reach statistical significance . approach deserves further attention as a means to reduce the excess risk of diabetic complications in African Americans ."
1311,Abstract #1311,"renal disease is associated with reduced heart rate variability ( HRV ) , components of which generally are associated with advanced age , diabetes mellitus and left ventricular hypertrophy . hypothesized that daily in-center hemodialysis ( HD ) would increase HRV . Frequent Hemodialysis Network ( FHN ) Daily Trial randomized 245 patients to receive 12 months of six versus three times per week in-center HD . hundred and seven patients had baseline Holter recordings . measures were calculated from 24-h Holter electrocardiograms at both baseline and 12 months in 131 patients and included low-frequency power ( LF , a measure of sympathetic modulation ) , high-frequency power ( HF , a measure of parasympathetic modulation ) and standard deviation ( SD ) of the R-R interval ( SDNN , a measure of beat-to-beat variation ) . to Month 12 change in LF was augmented by 50 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) 6.1-112 % , P = 0.022 ] and LF + HF was augmented by 40 % ( 95 % CI 3.3-88 .4 % , P = 0.03 ) in patients assigned to daily hemodialysis ( DHD ) compared with conventional HD . in HF and SDNN were similar between the randomized groups . effects of DHD on LF were attenuated by advanced age and diabetes mellitus ( predefined subgroups ) . in HF ( r = -0.20 , P = 0.02 ) and SDNN ( r = -0.18 , P = 0.04 ) were inversely associated with changes in left ventricular mass ( LVM ) . increased the LF component of HRV . of LVM by DHD was associated with increased vagal modulation of heart rate ( HF ) and with increased beat-to-beat heart rate variation ( SDNN ) , suggesting an important functional correlate to the structural effects of DHD on the heart in uremia ."
1312,Abstract #1312,"study the short-term effect of unopposed oestradiol ( E2 ) and sequentially combined hormone replacement therapy ( E2 + P ) on C-reactive protein ( CRP ) in healthy postmenopausal women . , randomised , placebo-controlled 12-week study . healthy . , non-hysterectomised postmenopausal women received either placebo ( N = 16 ) or daily 2 mg micronised oestradiol , either unopposed ( N = 16 , E2 group ) or sequentially combined with a progestagen on 14 days of each cycle ( N = 28 , E2 + P group ) . were collected at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks . levels increased significantly during the 12 weeks in the E2 and the E2 + P groups compared to placebo . differences were found between the E2 group and the E2 + P group [ E2 and E2 + P group together ( N = 44 ) versus placebo : P = 0.01 ; E2 versus E2 + P : P = 0.75 ] . give a quantitative estimate of the increase , the median change calculated from baseline in both treatment groups together was +87 % ( P = 0.02 ) at 4 weeks , and +114 % ( P = 0.08 ) at 12 weeks , as compared to the placebo group . healthy postmenopausal women , short-term treatment with E2 or E2 + P was associated with a rapid rise in CRP concentrations . observations raise the possibility that the increased risk of cardiovascular events is related to an initial increase in CRP levels after starting hormone replacement therapy ."
1313,Abstract #1313,"dermatitis ( atopic eczema ) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has reached epidemic proportions in children worldwide and is increasing in prevalence . of the significant socioeconomic effect of atopic dermatitis and its effect on the quality of life of children and families , there have been decades of research focused on disease prevention , with limited success . advances in cutaneous biology suggest skin barrier defects might be key initiators of atopic dermatitis and possibly allergic sensitization . objective was to test whether skin barrier enhancement from birth represents a feasible strategy for reducing the incidence of atopic dermatitis in high-risk neonates . performed a randomized controlled trial in the United States and United Kingdom of 124 neonates at high risk for atopic dermatitis . in the intervention arm were instructed to apply full-body emollient therapy at least once per day starting within 3 weeks of birth . in the control arm were asked to use no emollients . primary feasibility outcome was the percentage of families willing to be randomized . primary clinical outcome was the cumulative incidence of atopic dermatitis at 6 months , as assessed by a trained investigator . percent of eligible families agreed to be randomized into the trial . participating families in the intervention arm found the intervention acceptable . statistically significant protective effect was found with the use of daily emollient on the cumulative incidence of atopic dermatitis with a relative risk reduction of 50 % ( relative risk , 0.50 ; 95 % CI , 0.28-0 .9 ; P = .017 ) . were no emollient-related adverse events and no differences in adverse events between groups . results of this trial demonstrate that emollient therapy from birth represents a feasible , safe , and effective approach for atopic dermatitis prevention . confirmed in larger trials , emollient therapy from birth would be a simple and low-cost intervention that could reduce the global burden of allergic diseases ."
1314,Abstract #1314,"specific attributes of inhaler devices can influence patient use , satisfaction and treatment compliance , and may ultimately impact on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . assess patient preference , satisfaction and critical inhaler technique errors with Genuair ( a multidose inhaler ) and Breezhaler ( a single-dose inhaler ) after 2 weeks of daily use . with COPD and moderate to severe airflow obstruction were randomised in a cross-over , open-label , multicentre study to consecutive once-daily inhalations of placebo via Genuair and Breezhaler , in addition to current COPD medication . primary end point was the proportion of patients who preferred Genuair versus Breezhaler after 2 weeks ( Patient Satisfaction and Preference Questionnaire ) . end points included overall satisfaction and correct use of the inhalers after 2 weeks , and willingness to continue with each device . the 128 patients enrolled , 127 were included in the safety population ( male n = 91 ; mean age 67.6 years ) . the 110 of the 123 patients in the intent-to-treat population who indicated an inhaler preference , statistically significantly more patients preferred Genuair than Breezhaler ( 72.7 vs. 27.3 % ; P < 0.001 ) . overall satisfaction scores were also greater for Genuair than for Breezhaler ( 5.9 vs. 5.3 , respectively ; P < 0.001 ) . 2 weeks , there was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients who made 1 critical inhaler technique error with Breezhaler than with Genuair ( 7.3 vs. 3.3 % , respectively ) . overall preference and satisfaction was significantly higher with Genuair compared with Breezhaler . proportion of patients making critical inhaler technique errors was low with Genuair and Breezhaler ."
1315,Abstract #1315,"to 3 cycles , to determine if 6 cycles of adjuvant carboplatin ( C ) and paclitaxel ( P ) significantly lower the rate of recurrence in surgically staged patients with stage IA grade 3 , IB grade 3 , clear cell , IC , and completely resected stage II epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC ) ; and to compare toxicities . , randomization was to either 3 or 6 cycles of chemotherapy consisting of P ( 175 mg/m2 over 3 h ) and C ( 7.5 AUC over 30 min ) every 21 days . was any clinical or radiological evidence of new tumor . 457 patients , 427 ( 93 % ) were histologically and medically eligible . thorough surgical staging was required , it was incomplete or inadequately documented in 29 % of otherwise eligible patients . age was 55.5 years ; 69 % of patients had stage I disease . follow-up is 6.8 years for 344 women alive at last contact . 3 or 4 neurotoxicity occurred in 4/211 ( 2 % ) and 24/212 ( 11 % ) treated patients on the 3 - and 6-cycle regimens , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) ; 6 cycles also caused significantly more severe anemia and granulocytopenia . recurrence rate for 6 cycles was 24 % lower ( hazard ratio [ HR ] : 0.761 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.51-1 .13 , p = 0.18 ) , and the estimated probability of recurrence within 5 years was 20.1 % ( 6 cycles ) versus 25.4 % ( 3 cycles ) . overall death rate was similar for these regimens ( HR : 1.02 ; 95 % CI : 0.662-1 .57 ) . to 3 cycles , 6 cycles of C and P do not significantly alter the recurrence rate in high risk early stage EOC but are associated with more toxicity ."
1316,Abstract #1316,"determine the efficacy of iron-fortified infant formula in preventing developmental delays and abnormal behavior . , randomized , controlled trial . hospital clinic . total of 283 healthy , bottle-fed infants from very low income families . with prematurity , low birth weight , and major anomalies and those who had received more than 2 weeks of evaporated-milk feedings were excluded . groups were similar for sociodemographic background variables . infants ( 20.5 % ) dropped out before any outcome data were gathered ; 225 , 204 , 186 , and 154 remained at 6 - , 9 - , 12 - , and 15-month assessments , respectively . formula ( 12.8 mg iron per liter ) versus regular formula ( 1.1 mg iron per liter ) . status was measured on venous blood by determination of hemoglobin , serum iron and iron-binding capacity , serum ferritin , and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin values . Bayley Scales of Infant Development ( mental and psychomotor indexes ) and two factors of the Infant Behavior Record ( test affect and task orientation ) were the outcomes of interest . measures of iron status were significantly different between groups ( p < 0.001 ) . development patterns differed between groups ( F3 ,520 , 3.4 ; p = 0.02 ) with time . values were similar at 6 months but differed at 9 and 12 months of age ( p < 0.001 ) , with a decline of 6.4 points in the regular-formula group . 15 months of age the differences were no longer significant ( p = 0.23 ) . development and behavior were not affected . formula significantly reduced iron deficiency in a high-risk group of infants and prevented a decline in psychomotor development quotients . effect may be transient , and its long-term significance needs further study ."
1317,Abstract #1317,"study sought to assess the incidence and consequences of abrupt closure in a series of patients undergoing directional coronary atherectomy versus percutaneous coronary angioplasty . closure with coronary angioplasty has been associated with adverse outcome . results from the Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial ( CAVEAT ) I , a randomized trial of coronary angioplasty versus directional coronary atherectomy , were analyzed . multicenter trial enrolled 1,012 patients from 1991 to 1992 . records from patients with abrupt closure , which was coded as a discrete complication , were reviewed . closure occurred in 60 patients ( 5.9 % ) and was associated with a significantly longer hospital stay ( median 8 vs. 3 days ) . proximal target vessel tortuosity was more common in patients with abrupt closure ( 20.3 % vs. 11.6 % , p = 0.046 ) , as was preexistent coronary artery thrombus ( 30.5 % vs. 18.3 % , p = 0.02 ) . closure was associated with a marked increase in subsequent complications ( myocardial infarction 46.7 % vs. 2.1 % , emergency bypass surgery 38.3 % vs. 0.32 % , death 33 % vs. 0 % ) and occurred more frequently in the directional coronary atherectomy group ( 8.0 % vs. 3.8 % , p = 0.005 ) . the coronary angioplasty group , the occlusion usually occurred at the target lesion ( 91 % ) , presumably related to the effects of barotrauma . the directional coronary atherectomy group , the site of the occlusion was the target lesion in only 58 % ( p = 0.045 ) . remaining occlusions related to problems with the technique ( guide catheter or nose cone trauma ) , reflecting the fact that directional coronary atherectomy is a more complex procedure . closure remains the principal determinant of adverse outcome after percutaneous procedures for the treatment of coronary artery disease . abrupt closure is more common with directional atherectomy than angioplasty , the sequelae are similar ."
1318,Abstract #1318,"vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by the development of inflammatory and/or non-inflammatory lesions that may progress to scars . increase of bacterial resistance and adverse effects , the teratogenicity of retinoids and lack of response to usual therapies has led to the investigation of new therapeutic alternatives . evaluate the role of the pulsed dye laser in the treatment of acne in comparison with other topical therapeutic modalities . studied 45 patients with mild to moderate acne . were randomly divided into three groups : group A received treatment with pulsed dye laser therapy every 2 weeks , group B received topical preparations and group C was subjected to chemical peeling using trichloroacetic acid 25 % . 12 weeks of treatment , there was a significant improvement of the lesions within each group with the best results seen in group A ; however , no significant difference was detected between the three treatment protocols after the treatment period . in the follow-up period was significantly higher in the first group . dye laser therapy mainly improves the inflammatory lesions of acne with few adverse effects ."
1319,Abstract #1319,"swaddling is common practice in some developing countries where infant respiratory morbidity is also prevalent . is known about the effect of swaddling on respiratory variables in healthy infants . information could have important implications for respiratory diseases . compare respiratory rates ( RR ) and arterial oxygen saturations ( SaO2 ) of healthy swaddled infants and non-swaddled infants during different conditions of sleep and arousal . based , nested case control study in Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia . swaddled and non-swaddled infants aged 9-10 weeks taking part in a randomised controlled trial of swaddling . rate and SaO2 were measured during quiet wakefulness , feeding , quiet and active sleep . swaddled infants were studied in swaddled and non-swaddled conditions . non-swaddled infants were studied only in the non-swaddled state . was higher during awake states compared with sleep states in all groups of infants . swaddled infants had lower mean SaO2 in the swaddled compared with non-swaddled condition ( 96.5 % vs. 96.9 % , p < 0.01 ) but these were not significantly different from the mean SaO2 of non-swaddled infants ( 96.9 % , minimum p = 0.22 ) . swaddled infants in the swaddled and non-swaddled states had similar respiratory rates , but these were , in both cases , significantly lower than in habitually non-swaddled infants . has little or no clinical effect on SaO2 or respiratory rates in healthy 9-10-week-old infants in Mongolia ."
1320,Abstract #1320,"is a second-generation anticancer drug containing organic platinum . researches in overseas showed that Nedaplatin is an anticancer drug with broad spectrum and high efficiency , especially in treating esophageal carcinoma . the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of home-produced Nedaplatin in China are unclear . study was to evaluate the efficacy of home-produced Nedaplatin in China on esophageal carcinoma , and observe its toxicity . multi-center , phase II , prospective clinical trial was conducted . patients with esophageal carcinoma were enrolled and randomized into trial group and control group . patients in trial group were treated with home-produced Nedaplatin plus 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) ; the patients in control group were treated with cisplatin ( DDP ) plus 5-FU . total of 52 patients were enrolled : 30 in trial group , and 22 in control group . trial group , therapeutic efficacy was evaluable in 27 cases , and toxicity was evaluable in all cases ; for control group , therapeutic efficacy and toxicity were evaluable in all cases . response rate was significantly higher in trial group than in control group ( 29.62 % vs. 22.72 % , P < 0.05 ) . complete remission ( CR ) rates were 18.51 % in trial group and 4.55 % in control group . considering myelosuppression , the occurrence rate of anemia was similar in the 2 groups ; but the occurrence rates of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were higher in trial group than in control group , especially for grade III-IV thrombocytopenia ( 20.68 % vs. 0 % , P < 0.01 ) . occurrence rate of gastrointestinal reaction was lower in trial group than in control group . were no significant differences in hepatotoxicity , renal toxicity , heart toxicity , peripheral nerve toxicity , and alopecia between the 2 groups . is an effective platinum drug for esophageal carcinoma . treatment efficacy of Nedaplatin plus 5-FU regimen is better than that of DDP plus 5-FU regimen . has a good clinical tolerance . main toxicity is myelosuppression , and thrombocytopenia is predominant ."
1321,Abstract #1321,"ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is an endocrine disease closely related to several risk factors for cardiovascular disease . impaired cardiopulmonary functional capacity was previously demonstrated in PCOS women . data regarding the effects of a structured exercise training ( ET ) program on cardiopulmonary functional capacity in PCOS women are available . objective was to evaluate the effects of a 3-month ET program on cardiopulmonary functional capacity in young PCOS women . prospective baseline-randomized clinical study was conducted at the University `` Federico II '' of Naples , School of Medicine ( Italy ) . young overweight PCOS women were enrolled . young PCOS women were randomly subdivided into two groups , each composed of 45 subjects . PCOS-T ( trained ) group underwent a 3-month structured ET program , whereas the PCOS-UnT ( untrained ) group did not . and metabolic profiles and cardiopulmonary and exercise parameters were evaluated . 3-month ET , PCOS-T showed a significant improvement in peak oxygen consumption ( +35.4 % ; P < 0.001 ) and in maximal workload ( +37.2 % ; P < 0.001 ) . PCOS-T we also observed a significant reduction in body mass index ( -4.5 % ; P < 0.001 ) and in C-reactive protein ( -10 % ; P < 0.001 ) , and a significant ( P < 0.001 ) improvement in insulin sensitivity indexes . 3 months , no changes were observed in PCOS-UnT . 3-month structured ET program improves cardiopulmonary functional capacity in young PCOS women ."
1322,Abstract #1322,"evaluate the effects of inhibition of the Na + / H + exchanger ( NHE ) on regional left ventricular dysfunction in patients with a non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) BACKGROUND : NHE inhibition protects against myocardial necrosis and stunning in ischemia-reperfusion models . a substudy of the GUARd During Ischemia Against Necrosis ( GUARDIAN ) trial , 141 patients with an ACS and wall motion abnormalities on a baseline echocardiogram underwent repeated studies after 48 h and 36 days to determine the extent of early and late recovery of ventricular function . were randomized to cariporide 20 mg , 80 mg or 120 mg intravenously three times per day or placebo for two to seven days . wall motion score index improved from baseline to day 36 by 0.13 + / -0.21 , 0.16 + / -0.34 and 0.15 + / -0.28 , respectively , in the cariporide groups , and by 0.10 + / -0.16 with placebo ( P = 0.57 ) . baseline to 48 h , the wall motion score index decreased by 0.04 + / -0.16 , 0.08 + / -0.20 and 0.03 + / -0.22 , respectively , for the cariporide groups and by 0.03 + / -0.11 with placebo ( P = 0.09 ) ; the number of abnormal chords ( centreline method ) decreased by 11.2 + / -24.0 , 9.5 + / -24.3 and 8.1 + / -27.9 , respectively , in the cariporide groups compared with an increase of 0.6 + / -20.0 with placebo ( P = NS ) . significant benefit of NHE inhibition could be detected in ACS patients in the GUARDIAN trial ."
1323,Abstract #1323,"training ( ET ) has been shown to improve regional perfusion in ischemic syndromes . might be partially related to a regeneration of diseased endothelium by circulating progenitor cells ( CPCs ) or CPC-derived vasculogenesis . aim of the present study was to determine whether ischemic stimuli during ET are required to promote CPC mobilization in patients with cardiovascular diseases . with peripheral arterial occlusive disease ( PAOD ) were randomized to 4 weeks of daily ischemic ET or control ( group A ) . revascularized patients with PAOD were randomized to 4 weeks of daily nonischemic ET or control ( group B ) . with stable coronary artery disease were subjected to 4 weeks of subischemic ET or control ( group C ) . baseline and after 4 weeks , the number of KDR + / CD34 + CPCs was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis . of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) were measured by ELISA . Matrigel assay was used to quantify CPC integration into vascular structures . of the homing factor CXCR4 was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction . group A only , ischemic ET increased VEGF levels by 310 % ( P < 0.05 versus control ) associated with an increase in CPCs by 440 % ( P < 0.05 versus control ) , increased CXCR4 expression , and enhanced integration of CPCs into endothelial networks . contrast , subischemic ET in groups B and C increased CXCR4 expression and CPC integration . training programs , symptomatic tissue ischemia seems to be a prerequisite for CPC mobilization . , ischemic and subischemic ET programs affect CXCR4 expression of CPCs , which might lead to an improved CPC integration into endothelial networks ."
1324,Abstract #1324,"investigate the effect of pretreatment oral and topical diclofenac on pain reduction during panretinal laser photocoagulation ( PRP ) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR ) . , randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled clinical trial . total of 90 patients with PDR requiring PRP for the first time were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 study groups : oral diclofenac ( n = 30 ) , topical diclofenac ( n = 31 ) , or placebo ( n = 29 ) . medications were administrated before the first PRP treatment , and pain levels experienced during and 15 minutes after PRP were recorded on a visual analog scale ( VAS ) . levels during a second PRP session , performed on a later date with no pretreatment medications , also were recorded on a VAS . primary outcome measures were the mean VAS pain scores during the first PRP treatment . outcome measures were the mean VAS pain scores 15 minutes after the first PRP and during the second PRP , and reported side effects after the first PRP . VAS pain scores during the first PRP were : oral diclofenac , 25.7 + / -19.9 ; topical diclofenac , 33.8 + / -27.9 ; and placebo , 41.3 + / -31.0 . pain score difference between oral diclofenac and placebo was both clinically significant ( > or = 13 ) and statistically significant ( P = 0.02 ) , whereas differences between oral and topical diclofenac ( P = 0.20 ) and topical diclofenac and placebo ( P = 0.33 ) were not . regression analysis for age , gender , and total laser energy demonstrated lower pain levels for both oral diclofenac ( P = 0.015 ) and topical diclofenac ( P < 0.0001 ) versus placebo , but no difference between oral and topical diclofenac ( P = 0.67 ) . the first PRP , all 3 groups had lower mean pain scores at 15 minutes after treatment compared with during treatment ( P < or = 0.0003 ) . pain scores were higher during the second compared with the first PRP for the oral diclofenac ( P = 0.02 ) and placebo ( P = 0.05 ) groups . significant rate difference for any side effect was found between groups . given in a single dose , oral diclofenac is an effective pretreatment analgesic agent for reducing the pain experienced during PRP for PDR . author ( s ) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article ."
1325,Abstract #1325,"characteristics , including anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety , are elevated in individuals with alcohol and nicotine dependence and associated with greater difficulties with quitting smoking . , little is known about how anxiety-related characteristics are related to smoking cessation outcomes in alcohol-dependent smokers . present study , part of a larger smoking cessation clinical trial , examined associations between anxiety sensitivity , trait anxiety , nicotine withdrawal symptoms , smoking urges , and smoking cessation outcomes in a sample of 83 alcohol-dependent smokers . were enrolled in concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment as part of a substance-abuse intensive outpatient program . cessation treatment was administered in a 3-week cognitive-behavioral format that included 8 weeks of open-label nicotine patch treatment . on nicotine withdrawal , smoking urges , and CO-confirmed smoking consumption rates was collected at baseline , quit date , end of behavioral treatment , and at a 1-month follow-up . levels of anxiety sensitivity were associated with more smoking urges due to anticipation of negative affect relief at quit date . levels of trait anxiety were associated with more smoking urges due to positive reinforcement and anticipation of relief of negative affect at quit date , as well as more severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms at the end of treatment . of anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety were not associated with Cox regression survival times to relapse . results indicate that for alcohol-dependent smokers , levels of anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety are important to consider in the assessment and treatment of nicotine dependence ."
1326,Abstract #1326,"examine the effects of patient education on anxiety among Chinese patients with heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization in Hong Kong . experimental design , data collected on three occasions from subjects . regional major hospital in Hong Kong . clients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups with 31 subjects in each group . education before cardiac catheterization . Anxiety Inventory ( STAI Form Y-1 ) and Knowledge about Cardiac Catheterization . anxiety of all subjects reached the highest at the time just before cardiac catheterization and recorded the lowest at the time following the procedure . lower level of anxiety was experienced by the experimental subjects who received the education intervention when compared with the control subjects who did not receive the education intervention before cardiac catheterization . study provides initial information about anxiety reduction with education intervention among Chinese heart disease patients undergoing cardiac catheterization . is envisaged that the study may also assist health professionals in developing and designing effective educational programmes for clients prior to cardiac catheterization ."
1327,Abstract #1327,"aim of the study was to compare the gingival health benefits of a thiocyanate/carbamide peroxide toothpaste to that of a triclosan toothpaste in home use . study was a two-centre , randomised , double-blind , parallel-group clinical trial , and consisted of a 2-week pre-experimental phase , followed by an experimental period of 6 months . total of 140 healthy male and female volunteers ( 70 per group ) who had at least 20 natural teeth with no probing depths greater than 5 mm and a mean gingival index ( GI ) of 1 or more at screening were admitted to the study . two products were the test toothpaste ( RCP ) containing 0.5 % SCN - ( rhodanide ) , carbamide peroxide ( equivalent 0.1 % H2O2 ) , and 1450 p.p.m. fluoride , and a control toothpaste ( Colgate Total ) containing 0.3 % triclosan , 2.0 % polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid ( PVM/MA ) , and 1450 p.p.m. fluoride ( Triclosan ) . the pre-experimental phase , all subjects used a fluoride toothpaste . ( Turesky et al. 1970 ) and gingivitis ( Le & Silness 1963 ) were scored prior to beginning the pre-experimental phase , at baseline , and after 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months . both the RCP and the Triclosan group , gingival health improved significantly between baseline and the following examinations . scores decreased significantly between baseline and 6 months in both groups . were , however , no significant differences between the groups for either gingival index or plaque index . conclude , this study seems to verify that in normal home use , a toothpaste containing a combination of thiocyanate and carbamide peroxide is as effective in reducing gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque formation as a benchmark control product ."
1328,Abstract #1328,"evaluate the risk of primary acute angle closure ( AAC ) , changes in intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , and associated risk factors after pupil dilation in Asian subjects with narrow angles ( primary angle-closure suspects [ PACS ] ) . clinical study . total of 471 subjects aged more than 50 years with narrow angles in Singapore . study was part of a prospective trial of PACS . underwent a detailed ophthalmic evaluation including gonioscopy , biometry , pachymetry , and ultrasound biomicroscopy . subjects underwent pupil dilation with 1 % tropicamide eye drops at the baseline visit , before any laser or medical intervention . pressure was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry by the same observer before and 1 hour after pupil dilation . dose of oral acetazolamide was given before the patient left the clinic . pressure before and after dilation , and an AAC event . mean age of the 471 subjects was 63.0 6.9 years ( mean standard deviation ) ; 75.4 % were women , and 92.8 % were Chinese . the 471 participants , 3 ( 0.64 % ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.13-1 .85 ) developed AAC within 6 hours of dilation despite pretreatment with oral acetazolamide . subjects ( 4.67 % ; 95 % CI , 2.95-6 .99 ) showed a postdilation increase in IOP of 5 mmHg in either eye , 6 subjects ( 1.27 % ; 95 % CI , 0.47-2 .75 ) had an IOP increase of 8 mmHg in either eye , and 4 subjects ( 0.85 % ; 95 % CI , 0.23-2 .16 ) had a postdilation IOP of > 25 mmHg in either eye . gonioscopic angle width , that is , having a lower mean gonioscopic modified Shaffer grading ( coefficient -0.51 ; standard error 0.19 ; P = 0.01 ) , and predilation IOP level ( coefficient -0.17 ; standard error 0.04 ; P < 0.001 ) were significant risk factors for IOP increase after dilation in multivariate linear regression analysis . risk of AAC among Asian subjects with narrow angles was low after pupillary dilation with tropicamide and oral acetazolamide prophylaxis . presence of narrower angle width by gonioscopy was the only clinical parameter identified for a significant IOP increase after pupil dilation ."
1329,Abstract #1329,"nuclear morphometric analysis can capture subtle differences along neoplastic progression . showed different profiles from normal to cancer lesions . goal is to utilize this method as biomarker in chemoprevention trials . women were randomized to oral ( CEE ) or transdermal ( E2 ) estrogen replacement therapy ( ERT ) in association with fenretinide or placebo . fine needle aspiration ( FNA ) was performed at baseline and after 12 months in a subset of subjects . samples were analyzed by karyometry . compared with CEE increased nuclear area ( p = 0.01 ) . similar pattern was observed for other DNA content and chromatin texture features . vs. placebo , increased nuclear area and shape while decreased slope , peak and entropy . results indicate that nuclear morphometry is feasible on FNA samples . and fenretinide induced significant karyometric changes . results support further investigation of this procedure as surrogate biomarker in chemoprevention trial ."
1330,Abstract #1330,"treatments for acute myeloid leukaemia ( AML ) have limited durable activity and unsatisfactory safety profiles in most elderly patients . assessed the efficacy and toxicity of sapacitabine , a novel oral cytosine nucleoside analogue , in elderly patients with AML . this randomised , phase 2 study , we recruited patients with AML who were either treatment naive or at first relapse and who were aged 70 years or older from 12 centres in the USA . used a computer-generated randomisation sequence to randomly allocate eligible patients to receive one of three schedules of oral sapacitabine ( 1:1:1 ; stratified by a history of AML treatment ) : 200 mg twice a day for 7 days ( group A ) ; 300 mg twice a day for 7 days ( group B ) ; and 400 mg twice a day for 3 days each week for 2 weeks ( group C ) . schedules were given in 28 day cycles . confirm the safety and tolerability of dosing schedules , after 20 patients had been treated in a group we enrolled an expanded cohort of 20-25 patients to that group if at least four patients had achieved complete remission or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery , and if the 30 day death rate was 20 % or less . primary endpoint was 1-year overall survival , analysed by intention-to-treat ( ie , patients who have received at least one dose of sapacitabine ) in those patients who had been randomly allocated to treatment . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00590187 . Dec 27 , 2007 , and April 21 , 2009 , we enrolled 105 patients : 86 patients were previously untreated and 19 were at first relapse . the 60 patients randomly allocated to treatment , 1-year overall survival was 35 % ( 95 % CI 16-59 ) in group A , 10 % ( 2-33 ) in group B , and 30 % ( 13-54 ) in group C. 14 ( 13 % ) of 105 patients died within 30 days and 27 ( 26 % ) died within 60 days . most common grade 3-4 adverse events were anaemia ( eight of 40 patients in group A , 12 of 20 patients in group B , and 15 of 45 patients in group C ) , neutropenia ( 14 in group A , 10 in group B , 11 in group C ) , thrombocytopenia ( 24 in group A , 12 in group B , and 22 in group C ) , febrile neutropenia ( 16 in group A , nine in group B , and 22 in group C ) , and pneumonia ( seven in group A , five in group B , and 10 in group C ) . most common grade 5 events were pneumonia ( two in group A , one in group B , and three in group C ) and sepsis ( six in group A , three in group B , and one in group C ) . deaths were thought to be probably or possibly related to sapacitabine treatment . seems active and tolerable in elderly patients with AML . 400 mg dose schedule had the best efficacy profile . investigations should aim to combine sapacitabine with other low-intensity therapies in elderly patients with AML . Limited ."
1331,Abstract #1331,"assess the frequency of urine retention and of urinary tract infection after total hip replacement in order to : to minimize morbidity due to urine retention and urinary tract infection after total hip replacement ; to limit the discomfort to the patient ; to decrease the work load of the nursing staff , if possible . Hospital Rotterdam . , randomized . 61 patients after 63 total hip replacements the use of an indwelling catheter for 48 hours ( group 1 ) was compared with catheterisation on indication only ( group 2 ) . retention was less in group 1 than in group 2 , 12/39 ( 31 % ) versus 15/24 ( 63 % ) . the subgroup males no difference was found between both groups . retention was more frequent in elderly people . other risk factors could be demonstrated . number of patients with bacteriuria greater than 10 ( 5 ) CFU/ml in group 1 , 11/39 ( 28 % ) did not differ from group 2 , 9/24 ( 38 % ) . the basis of these study results we recommend : In females : to use an indwelling catheter for 48 hours after total hip replacement ; In males : to discuss this choice with the patient , because use of an indwelling catheter appears not to decrease the frequency of urine retention . risk of discomfort caused by catheterisation and urine retention still exists . indwelling catheter can , without increasing the risk of significant bacteriuria , eliminate this discomfort in the first 48 hours after operation ."
1332,Abstract #1332,"probe into a safe and effective method for treatment of functional ventricular premature , and develop a new preparation of Chinese herbs with high science and technique contents . hundred and thirty-eight cases were randomly divided into a slowly-releasing medication group ( n = 118 ) and a western medicine group ( n = 120 ) . slowly-control needle group were treated with intramuscular injection of slowly-releasing medication new type preparation made by proved recipe of Chinese herbs with replenishing and strengthening pectoral qi , and nourishing yin and tranquillization into Tanzhong ( CV 17 ) , Neiguan ( PC 6 ) , Xinshu ( BL 15 ) , Pishu ( BL 20 ) and Feishu ( BL 13 ) by a trocar to slowly release and control releasing of the medicine so as to maintain lasting stimulation ; the western medicine group with oral administration of Rythmol , thrice daily , 150 mg each time . cured rate and the cured and markedly effective rate for the ventricular premature was 51.7 % and 71.2 % in the slowly-releasing medication group , which were significantly higher than 28.3 % and 50.8 % in the western medicine group ( P < 0.001 ) . slowly-releasing medication new type preparation has a better therapeutic effect on functional ventricular premature , with high safety ."
1333,Abstract #1333,"comparison of laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion plus myomectomy ( LUAO+M ) with classic intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy ( CISH ) for symptomatic fibroid treatment , regarding differences in post-operative quality-of-life measures . hundred and thirty-two women with symptomatic fibroids who met the inclusion criteria were prospectively randomized into two treatment groups . study group consisted of 158 women treated with LUAO+M . control group contained 174 women treated with CISH . of life was measured before surgery and at 2 - and 24-month follow-up visits with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF ( WHOQOL-BREF ) , 4-domain questionnaire adapted for Chinese-speaking patients . age , education , operation time , operative blood loss , and pre-operative WHOQOL-BREF 4-domain and overall scores , both groups were statistically equivalent , demonstrating that the randomization process worked . 24 months , overall scores were improved for both the study group and control group patients ( P < 0.01 ) . 2 months post-surgery , physical domain and social relationship domain scores were statistically higher in the study group than the control group patients ( P < 0.01 ) . 24 months , the study group patients ' overall scores were statistically higher than the control group scores ( P < 0.01 ) because of greater improvements in the physical , psychological , and social relationship domain scores . in the environmental domain were the study group and the control group scores statistically equivalent . 24-month follow-up , the study group patients had a fibroid recurrence rate of only 2.53 % - low by historical standards . 24-month follow-up , overall WHOQOL-BREF scores were statistically improved for the study group and control group patients . the same statistical level , however , women in the study group had greater overall improvement than women in the control group because of higher scores in three of the four questionnaire domains . treated with LUAO+M have a very low fibroid recurrence rate at 24 months ."
1334,Abstract #1334,"infections ( CRIs ) caused by peripheral intravenous catheters ( PIVCs ) are an increasingly common iatrogenic complication . prevent this , recommended timelines for routine replacement of PIVCs have increased from 48 h to 72 h and subsequently to 96 h , despite a lack of supporting scientific evidence . compare closed-system ( COS ) PIVCs with open-system ( MOS ) PIVCs . prospective , randomized controlled trial compared the indwell time of COS PIVCs without complications with that of MOS PIVCs , removed only by clinical indication . total , 1199 PIVCs ( 642 inpatients ) were randomized and 283 PIVCs were cultured . catheters ( 11 patients ) were lost to the study after randomization . total , 104,469 catheter-hours ( 54,173 h in 584 COS and 50,296 h in 599 MOS ) were recorded . median dwell time was 137.1 h for COS PIVCs and 96 h for MOS PIVCs ( P = 0.001 ) . PIVCs in place for 24 h , the median dwell time was 144.5 h for COS PIVCs [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 123.4-165 .6 ] and 99 h for MOS PIVCs ( 95 % CI 87.2-110 .8 ) . of COS PIVCs reduced phlebitis rates by 29 % ( 31 vs 45 cases/1000 catheter-days ; P = 0.004 ) . probability that a MOS PIVC would last for 96 h was 79.9 % , and the probability that a COS PIVC would last for 144 h was 80.4 % . were no significant differences in rates of bacterial colonization per 1000 catheter-days ( 51.1 COS vs 54.1 MOS ) or CRI ( 5.76 COS vs 6.65 MOS ) . , there was a 20 % relative risk reduction in CRI . of COS PIVCs reduced episodes of phlebitis and risk of infection at a cost of only 0.09 / day . PIVCs are replaced based on clinical indication , COS PIVCs last for up to 144 h and MOS PIVCs last for up to 96 h without increased risk and with significant cost savings ( 786,257 / year/1000 beds ) ."
1335,Abstract #1335,"has been demonstrated that nitrate administration enhances the detection of myocardial viability in thallium-201 and technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion studies . aim of this study was to assess the influence of nitrate administration on technetium-99m tetrofosmin myocardial uptake in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction . eight patients with coronary artery disease , previous myocardial infarction and left ventricular ejection fraction < 40 % underwent , within 48 hours , rest/postnitroglycerin ( 0.4 mg sublingually ) technetium-99m tetrofosmin single photon emission tomography ( SPET ) , comparing these results with that of thallium-201 rest/redistribution SPET in 13 patients ( first group ) and with that of thallium-201 rest/reinjection SPET in the other 15 patients ( second group ) . based on the 3 spatial planes were divided into 15 segments and regional tracer uptake was quantitatively analysed . was defined as presence of tracer uptake > or = 50 % of peak activity . percentage of peak activity at rest or after nitrate administration of technetium-99m tetrofosmin correlated , with that of thallium-201 , at rest and after redistribution or reinjection ( r = 0.8 ; p < 0.001 ) . resting technetium-99m tetrofosmin studies 167 of the 420 segments that were analysed had < 50 % of peak activity . % of these segments showed reversibility after nitrate administration , with an increase in 99mTc-tetrofosmin uptake from 45 + / - 5 % to 55 + / - 4 % of peak activity ( p = 0.001 ) , in the first group , and from 40 + / - 9 % to 57 + / - 9 % of peak activity ( p = 0.003 ) , in the second group . agreement between rest/postnitroglycerin technetium-99m tetrofosmin SPET studies and rest/redistribution or rest/reinjection thallium-201 SPET studies , regarding the presence of myocardial viability , was 87 % and 90 % , respectively . except one reversible segments on tetrofosmin studies after nitrates had viability criteria on thallium studies . administration at rest enhances the detection of myocardial viability using technetium-99m tetrofosmin SPET , correlating with viability criteria observed on thallium studies . represents a simple and useful technique in the assessment of myocardial viability ."
1336,Abstract #1336,"study aimed to ascertain whether training-induced muscle hypertrophy is accompanied by an increase in the aponeurosis width , and to infer its impact on the training-induced increase in the pennation angle . young men completed a resistance training program of unilateral knee extensions for 12 weeks . and after training , anatomical cross-sectional area ( ACSA ) of the vastus lateralis and its distal aponeurosis width in the transverse plane were measured with magnetic resonance imaging . pennation angle and fascicle length were also determined with ultrasonography at the midbelly of the muscle . effect of change in aponeurosis width on the magnitude of training-induced increase in pennation angle was estimated by using a parallelepipedon model . the training , there were significant increases in ACSA ( 10.7 7.6 % ) , pennation angle ( 10.8 7.3 % ) and aponeurosis width ( 1.9 3.1 % ) , whereas no significant change was found in the fascicle length . model simulation shows that the increase in aponeurosis width by 1.9 % reduces the magnitude of increase in pennation angle by only 0.4 . results indicate that ( 1 ) the aponeurosis width of the vastus lateralis increases after 12 weeks of resistance training and ( 2 ) the increase in the aponeurosis width accompanying muscle hypertrophy by the amount of ~ 10 % does not substantially affect the increase in pennation angle ."
1337,Abstract #1337,"evaluate the clinical impact of using a silver-releasing hydroalginate dressing to minimise the risk of local infection in colonised chronic wounds . was a randomised ( stratification according to wound type ) open-label multicentre comparative two-arm parallel-group study . centres recruited 99 patients with either a venous leg ulcer or a pressure ulcer . of the wounds required systemic antibiotics or were associated with lymphangitis and/or fever , but at least two of the following criteria had to be present : continuous pain ; erythema ; oedema ; heat ; and moderate to high levels of serous exudate . were allocated to receive either a silver-releasing hydroalginate dressing ( Silvercel , the test group ) or a pure calcium alginate dressing ( Algosteril , the control group ) . were assessed daily over 14 days to complete a modified ASEPSIS index to evaluate risk of infection , and then weekly for two additional weeks . global wound severity score and area tracings were recorded weekly . and 48 patients were randomised in the test and control groups respectively : 28 pressure ulcers and 71 venous leg ulcers . total mASEPSIS score over 14 days did not differ significantly between groups : 95.4 + / - 62.2 and 104.2 + / - 72.8 in control and test groups respectively ( p = 0.791 ) . the patients who completed the total four-week study duration , four out of 38 ( 10.5 % ) in the control group and none of the 40 in the test group were treated with systemic antibiotics at the final visit ( p = 0.053 ) . to the investigators , fewer wounds developed a clinical infection over the four-week follow-up in the test group ( 33 % versus 46 % ; p = 0.223 ) . , the four-week closure rate was statistically greater in the test group ( 0.32 + / - 0.57 cm2/day versus 0.16 + / - 0.40 cm2/day ; p = 0.024 ) . with baseline , the absolute decrease in wound severity score at week four was higher in the test group ( -5.6 + / - 3.2 versus -4.1 + / - 4.3 ; p = 0.063 ) ; this was also true of the percentage reduction ( -32 + / - 17 % versus -23 + / - 25 % ; p = 0.034 ) . dressing acceptability and/or tolerability was noted in five out of 48 patients ( 10.4 % ) in the control group and in five out of 51 ( 9.8 % ) in the test group . study suggests that the use of silver-releasing dressings in the management of wounds at high risk of infection may have a clinically favourable influence on wound prognosis ; the dressings also appeared to be well tolerated . , the evaluation of these advantages in controlled clinical trials is complex and requires potent studies and the development of more specific endpoints than those currently used ."
1338,Abstract #1338,"aim of the study was to examine the effects of a follow-on formula containing Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 ( L. fermentum ) on the incidence of infections in infants between the ages of 6 and 12 months . randomized double-blinded controlled study including infants at the age of 6 months was conducted . were assigned randomly to either follow-on formula supplemented with L. fermentum plus galactooligosaccharide ( experimental group , EG ) , or the same formula supplemented with only galactooligosaccharide ( control group , CG ) . main outcome was the incidence of infections for the 6-month duration of the study . EG showed a significant 46 % reduction in the incidence rate ( IR ) of gastrointestinal infections ( EG : 0.1960.51 , CG : 0.3630.53 , IR ratio 0.54 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.307-0 .950 , P = 0.032 ) , 27 % reduction in the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections ( EG : 0.9690.96 , CG : 1.3301.23 , IR ratio 0.729 , 95 % CI 0.46-1 .38 , P = 0.026 ) , and 30 % reduction in the total number of infections ( EG : 1.4641.15 , CG : 2.0771.59 , IR ratio 0.70 , 95 % CI 0.46-1 .38 , P = 0.003 ) , at the end of the study period compared with CG . of a follow-on formula with L. fermentum CECT5716 may be useful for the prevention of community-acquired gastrointestinal and upper respiratory infections ."
1339,Abstract #1339,"asiatica and Punica granatum are medicinal plants that have been reported to promote tissue healing and modulate host responses . study revealed positive clinical effects of an innovative preparation from the two herbal extracts in the form of biodegradable chips as a subgingival adjunct to scaling and root planing . purpose of this research was to evaluate further augmenting efficacy the combined herbal preparation may have among maintenance patients in comparison to standard supportive periodontal therapy ( SPT ) , with additional monitoring of certain inflammatory markers . patients in the recall programme who had completed conventional periodontal therapy with remaining probing pocket depths of 5-8 mm were enrolled . baseline examination and collection of gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) samples , SPT was provided and the target teeth in the test group received subgingival delivery of the medicated chips . clinical parameters , which included probing pocket depth ( PD ) , attachment level ( AL ) , bleeding index ( BI ) , gingival index ( GI ) and plaque index ( PI ) were recorded and GCF samples were collected at baseline , 3 and 6 months . results showed significant improvement of PD , AL , and GI at 3 and 6 months and of BI at 6 months in the test group as compared to control . significant differences in PI were found between the two treatment modalities at all subsequent visits . test group also showed statistically greater reduction of IL-1beta at both 3 and 6 months and lower IL-6 concentration , which almost reached the level of significance at 6 months . results indicate that adjunctive local delivery of extracts from C. asiatica in combination with P. granatum significantly improved clinical signs of chronic periodontitis and IL-1beta level in maintenance patients ."
1340,Abstract #1340,"physicians prescribe several discharge medications that require dosage adjustment for patients with renal disease . hypothesis for this research was that decision support in a computerized physician order entry system would reduce the rate of excessive medication dosing for patients with renal impairment . was a randomized , controlled trial in an academic emergency department ( ED ) , in which computerized physician order entry was used to write all prescriptions for patients being discharged from the ED . sample included 42 physicians who were randomized to the intervention ( 21 physicians ) or control ( 21 physicians ) group . intervention was decision support that provided dosing recommendations for targeted medications for patients aged 18 years and older when the patient 's estimated creatinine clearance level was below the threshold for dosage adjustment . primary outcome was the proportion of targeted medications that were excessively dosed . 2,783 ( 46 % ) of the 6,015 patient visits , the decision support had sufficient information to estimate the patient 's creatinine clearance level . average age of these patients was 46 years , 1,768 ( 64 % ) were women , and 1,523 ( 55 % ) were black . support was provided 73 times to physicians in the intervention group , who excessively dosed 31 ( 43 % ) prescriptions . comparison , control physicians excessively dosed a significantly larger proportion of medications : 34 of 46 , 74 % ( effect size = 31 % ; 95 % confidence interval 14 % to 49 % ; P = .001 ) . physicians often prescribed excessive doses of medications that require dosage adjustment for renal impairment . physician order entry with decision support significantly reduced excessive dosing of targeted medications ."
1341,Abstract #1341,"didactic continuing medical education ( CME ) is relatively ineffective for changing physician behaviour . mellitus is an increasingly prevalent disease , and interventions to improve adherence to clinical practice guidelines ( CPGs ) are needed . stratified , cluster-randomized , controlled trial design was used to evaluate the effects of a teleconferenced educational detailing ( TED ) CME on glycemic control ( hemoglobin [ Hb ] A1c ) and family physician adherence to national diabetes guidelines . employed sequential , small-group , case-based education using CPGs delivered by a diabetes specialist . record audit data from baseline through the end of a 12-month postintervention period were compared for the control and intervention groups . with the intervention was evaluated . physicians provided 660 medical records . intervention did not affect mean Hb A1c levels but did significantly ( p = .04 ) alter the distribution of patients by category of glycemic control , with fewer in the intervention group in inadequate control ( 15.8 % versus 23.9 % ) . patients took insulin ( alone or with oral agents ) in the intervention group ( 21.2 % versus 12.0 % , p = .03 ) , and more took oral agents only in the control group ( 89.0 % versus 82.9 % , p = .005 ) . patients in the intervention group had documentation of body mass index ( 7.8 % versus 1.9 % , p < .02 ) , eye exam ( 12.1 % versus 5.1 % , p = .02 ) , and treatment plan ( 43.5 % versus 23.6 % , p = .01 ) and used a flow sheet ( 14.6 % versus 7.7 % , p < .03 ) . there was general satisfaction with the teleconferencing format , specialist educators found the format more challenging than the family physicians . delivered by teleconference was feasible , well attended , well received by participants , and improved some key diabetes management practices and outcomes ."
1342,Abstract #1342,"effect of a fish oil preparation , K-85 , in which the omega-3 fatty acid content was concentrated to 92 % of total fat , on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations was investigated in patients with primary hypertriglyceridaemia . study was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . centres participated in the study , five secondary referral centres and two general practices . and women aged 18-70 years with fasting serum triglyceride concentrations between 2 and 10 mmol/l and fasting serum cholesterol concentrations > 5.2 mmol/l were studied . with diabetes mellitus , hypothyroidism , serious illness in the previous 3 months or severe concurrent illness were excluded from the study , as were drug or alcohol abusers and pregnant and lactating women . subjects entered the study , 79 completed the study . were randomized to receive K-85 2 g twice daily or corn oil 2 g twice daily for 14 weeks . serum concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol , very low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL ) , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) and lipoprotein ( a ) . blood glucose and blood pressure . triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in the group treated with K-85 than in the placebo group after 6 , 10 and 14 weeks ( all P < 0.01 ) and there was a decrease in the serum triglyceride concentration from 3.99 ( 2.94-9 .47 ) to 2.87 ( 1.2-9 .93 ) mmol/l ( P < 0.001 ) and in VLDL-cholesterol from 1.47 ( 0.77-3 .63 ) to 1.12 ( 0.21-3 .67 ) mmol/l ( P < 0.01 ) in patients receiving K-85 . HDL-cholesterol increased from 0.98 ( 0.95-1 .01 ) to 1.11 ( 1.07-1 .15 ) mmol/l ( P < 0.01 ) in the patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia but did not change in those with type IIb . LDL-cholesterol , lipoprotein ( a ) and fasting blood glucose were unaffected by K-85 . blood pressure decreased from 86 + / - 11 to 80 + / - 12 mmHg ( P < 0.02 ) and was also lower than in the placebo group ( P < 0.05 ) . corn oil placebo did not affect any of the parameters . is effective in lowering serum triglycerides and VLDL in patients with primary hypertriglyceridaemia and may have utility as a triglyceride-lowering agent ."
1343,Abstract #1343,"branch blocks have been widely described in the literature as a diagnostic tool for facet joint pain . , a new `` single-needle ' technique was described that is purported to be equally accurate , and in some respects , superior to the standard multiple-needle technique . date , no studies have been performed that compared these 2 techniques . a multicenter setting , 24 subjects underwent 2 separate diagnostic medial-branch blocks in a randomized , single-blind crossover comparison of the single-needle and multiple-needle techniques . variables were compared between the 2 techniques , including procedure-related discomfort , post-procedure pain relief , volume of local anesthetic required , accuracy as determined by final needle position and contrast-media spread , and time needed to perform the procedure . this pilot study , the single-needle technique resulted in less procedure-related pain ( P = .0003 ) , required less superficial local anesthesia ( P = .0006 ) , and took less time to complete ( P < .0001 ) than did the multiple-needle approach . regard to final needle position , contrast spread , and post-procedure pain relief ( P = .8 ) , no differences were noted between the 2 techniques . results indicate that the single-needle technique takes less time to perform and causes less patient discomfort than does the standard technique but provides the same degree of accuracy . studies with larger sample sizes are needed to corroborate these results and explore the effect the single-needle approach has on the rate of false-positive medial branch blocks ."
1344,Abstract #1344,"examine the effect of a lifestyle intervention to produce weight loss and increased physical fitness on use and cost of medications to treat cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes . AHEAD is a multicenter randomized controlled trial of 5,145 overweight or obese individuals with type 2 diabetes , aged 45-76 years . intensive lifestyle intervention ( ILI ) involving group and individual meetings to achieve and maintain weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity was compared with a diabetes support and education ( DSE ) condition . prescribed to treat diabetes , hypertension , and hyperlipidemia were compared at baseline and 1 year . costs were conservatively estimated using prices from a national online pharmacy . randomized to an ILI had significantly greater improvements in CVD risk parameters and reduced medication use and cost compared with those assigned to DSE . 1 year , average number of medications prescribed to treat CVD risk factors was 3.1 + / - 1.8 for the ILI group and 3.6 + / - 1.8 for the DSE group ( P < 0.0001 ) , with estimated total monthly medication costs of $ 143 and $ 173 , respectively ( P < 0.0001 ) . participants meeting optimal care goals at 1 year were taking an average of 3.8 + / - 1.6 medications at an estimated cost of $ 194/month . participants at optimal care required fewer medications ( 3.2 + / - 1.7 ) at lower cost ( $ 154/month ) ( P < 0.001 ) . 1 year , ILI significantly improved CVD risk factors , while at the same time reduced medication use and cost . intervention and follow-up will determine whether these changes are maintained and reduce cardiovascular risk ."
1345,Abstract #1345,"free radicals play an important role in acute pancreatitis . as a proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) has pancreatic anti-secretory effect and a pronounced inhibitory reactivity towards hydroxyl radicals . objective of the study was to investigate the effect of pantoprazole on the course of acute pancreatitis . conducted a prospective randomized trial involving 40 patients with acute pancreatitis . were divided into two groups . group received PPI and the other group did not receive PPI . the PPI group , patients received pantoprazole 40 mg intravenously twice a day for fasting time , and then 40 mg orally twice a day until discharge . were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and laboratory markers between two groups . the pantoprazole group , mean hospital stay was 7.4 days , time to start oral intake was 69.0 hours , and time to pain relief was 59.7 hours . physiology and chronic health evaluation ( APACHE ) II score was 3.15 at admission day and 2.35 at discharge . the other hand , in the non-pantoprazole group , mean hospital stay was 7.6 days , time taken to start oral intake was 71.4 hours , and time taken to pain relief was 61.8 hours . II score was 4.4 at admission and 2.85 at discharge . , there were no significant differences between two groups . with pantoprazole did not have influence on the clinical course of acute pancreatitis . , considering it was a pilot study , large scale prospective trials will be needed ."
1346,Abstract #1346,"load has been linked to self-rated health ( SRH ) , cardiovascular disease and mortality in non-diabetic individuals . aim of this study was to construct an allostatic load score and to find any correlations with SRH . subjects included in the study came from a randomized , controlled trial of type 2 diabetes . samples were drawn , urine was collected for 24h , and questionnaires , including SRH , were filled out on three occasions : at baseline ; after the 10-week intervention ; and at a follow-up 3 months after the intervention . load was estimated using a wide range of variables , including systolic and diastolic blood pressure , pulse pressure , cortisol , catecholamines , HbA ( 1c ) , insulin , plasma glucose and waist circumference . was no association between SRH and allostatic load . , three other components were significantly correlated with allostatic load at the baseline investigation and the two follow-up investigations - namely , systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure and HbA ( 1c ) . absence of an association between allostatic load and SRH in diabetic individuals contrasts with previous findings in non-diabetic women , and shows that it is hazardous to apply findings in one population to another , especially diabetic and non-diabetic populations ."
1347,Abstract #1347,"laser ( EVL ) ablation of the great saphenous vein ( GSV ) is thought to minimize postoperative morbidity and reduce work loss compared with high ligation and stripping ( HL/S ) . , the procedures have not previously been compared in a randomized trial with parallel groups where both treatments were performed in tumescent anesthesia on an out-patient basis . with varicose veins due to GSV insufficiency were randomized to either EVL ( 980 nm ) or HL/S in tumescent anesthesia . were also performed . were examined preoperatively and at 12 days , and 1 , 3 , and 6 months postoperatively . leave , time to normal physical activity , pain score , use of analgesics , Aberdeen score , Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 quality-of-life score , Venous Clinical Severity Score ( VCSS ) , and complication rates were investigated . total cost of the procedures , including lost wages and equipment , was calculated . calculations were based on the standard fee for HL/S with the addition of laser equipment and the standard salary and productivity level in Denmark . follow-up of 6 months was achieved in 121 patients ( 137 legs ) . groups were well matched for patient and GSV characteristics . HL/S procedures failed , and three GSVs recanalized in the EVL group . groups experienced similar improvement in quality-of-life scores and VCSS score at 3 months . one patient in the HL/S group had a major complication , a wound infection that was treated successfully with antibiotics . HL/S and EVL groups did not differ in mean time to resume normal physical activity ( 7.7 vs 6.9 calendar days ) and work ( 7.6 vs 7.0 calendar days ) . pain and bruising was higher in the HL/S group , but no difference in the use of analgesics was recorded . total cost of the procedures , including lost wages , was euro 3084 ( $ 3948 US ) in the HL/S and euro 3396 ( $ 4347 US ) in the EVL group . study suggests that the short-term efficacy and safety of EVL and HL/S are similar . for slightly increased postoperative pain and bruising in the HL/S group , no differences were found between the two treatment modalities . treatments were equally safe and efficient in eliminating GSV reflux , alleviating symptoms and signs of GSV varicosities , and improving quality of life . outcomes , particularly with respect to recurrence rates , shall be investigated in future studies , including the continuation of the present ."
1348,Abstract #1348,"of the chest in paediatric patients often requires sedation or general anaesthesia to minimize motion artefacts . sedation and general anaesthesia are associated with atelectasis which obscures the underlying pulmonary pathology . conducted a prospective study to compare these two methods with respect to degree of motion artefacts and extent of atelectasis . patients undergoing 22 chest CT examinations were randomly selected for either sedation or general anaesthesia . total area of atelectasis and the degree of motion artefacts were measured . mean percentage of atelectasis was 6.67 % for general anaesthesia and 0.01 % for sedation ( p = 0.01 ) . was no significant difference in the quality of the images between the sedation patients and the general anaesthesia patients . the clinical condition permits it , sedation rather than general anaesthesia should be given to paediatric patients undergoing chest CT. ."
1349,Abstract #1349,"of immediate postoperative airway humidification after total laryngectomy ( TLE ) , comparing the use of an external humidifier ( EH ) with humidification through a heat and moisture exchanger ( HME ) . controlled trial ( RCT ) . patients were randomized into the standard ( control ) EH ( N = 26 ) or the experimental HME arm ( N = 27 ) . , pulmonary and sleeping problems , patients ' and nursing staff satisfaction , nursing time , and cost-effectiveness were assessed with trial-specific structured questionnaires and tally sheets . the EH arm data were available for all patients , whereas in the HME arm data were incomplete for four patients . 24/7 compliance rate in the EH arm was 12 % and in the HME arm 87 % ( 77 % if the four nonevaluable patients are considered noncompliant ) . and patients ' satisfaction were significantly better , and the number of coughing episodes , mucus expectoration for clearing the trachea , and sleeping disturbances were significantly less in the HME arm ( P < .001 ) . was also the case for nursing time and nursing staff satisfaction and preference . RCT clearly shows the benefits of immediate postoperative airway humidification by means of an HME over the use of an EH after TLE . study therefore underlines that HMEs presently can be considered the better option for early postoperative airway humidification after TLE ."
1350,Abstract #1350,"thiourea drugs take a few weeks to control the symptoms of hyperthyroidism whilst iodine containing radiographic contrast agents ( iopanoic acid and sodium ipodate ) have a more rapid effect . is no report on the use of iopanoic acid administered in conjunction with carbimazole , so we evaluated the efficacy of this combination in the early medical management of patients with hyperthyroidism . hyperthyroid patients diagnosed by clinical and biochemical criteria were randomized into two treatment groups . A ( n = 16 ) received iopanoic acid ( 500 mg orally twice a day for the first 3 weeks ) and carbimazole ( 30 mg orally in three divided doses ) while group B ( n = 14 ) received carbimazole alone . examination and estimation of serum total T3 , total T4 and TSH were done by radioimmunoassay at the start of therapy , weekly for 4 weeks and then at 6 , 8 and 12 weeks . the initial 3 weeks , iopanoic acid induced a significantly greater fall in mean serum total T3 levels ( Z = 2.298 , p < 0.02 ) and a slower fall in mean serum total T4 ( Z = 2.396 , p < 0.05 ) in group A patients compared to those in group B. was accompanied by earlier clinical improvement in group A patients . mean serum total T3 and T4 values rose to higher levels in group A at 4 weeks , one week after discontinuation of iopanoic acid . the end of 12 weeks , however , there was no significant difference in the mean serum total T3 and T4 levels between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ) . euthyroidism ( i.e. total T3 < 3 nmol/L and total T4 < 170 nmol/L ) was achieved later in group A patients than in group B ( 10.4 + / - 5.0 weeks v. 3.6 + / - 1.2 weeks , p < 0.0001 ) . acid given together with carbimazole induces rapid clinical improvement in hyperthyroid patients than carbimazole alone . , the delayed achievement of euthyroidism may preclude its routine use in the management of patients with hyperthyroidism except in those with thyrotoxic emergencies ."
1351,Abstract #1351,"differential filtration ( MDF ) is known to optimize rheological parameters by eliminating high molecular weight proteins und lipoproteins from the blood and was shown to influence ocular perfusion parameters . the hypothesis that these changes may influence the natural course of age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) we tested their efficacy in improving visual function in these patients in a randomized trial . patients ( 36 eyes ) were randomized into two groups . patients ( 18 eyes ) were treated with MDF and ten ( 18 eyes ) served as controls . first group was treated five times over a period of 21 weeks . both groups 8/18 of the eyes showed subfoveolar subretinal neovascularisations . parameter of the study was visual acuity . visual evoked potentials were also recorded . , whole blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation were measured . ten patients , treated repeatedly over a period of 21 weeks , showed a mean improvement 1.1 ( SD 1.9 ) lines after 21 weeks , while the control group showed a deterioration of visual acuity ( 0.6 lines , SD 1.7 ) . macular visual evoked potentials showed an increase of 0.28 microV ( SD 1.12 ) for the therapy group and a deterioration of 0.57 microV ( SD 1.31 ) in the control group . rheological parameters were lowered in all patients . conclude that repetitive treatment with MDF is able to improve visual function in patients with AMD . research is necessary to show how to optimize the selection of patients and how to create an individual treatment strategy ."
1352,Abstract #1352,"large randomized multicentre trial has evaluated the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation ( RFA ) vs. anti-arrhythmic drug ( AAD ) therapy as a first-line treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( AF ) . Medical ANtiarrhythmic Treatment or Radiofrequency Ablation ( MANTRA-PAF ) trial is a randomized , controlled , parallel group , multicentre study designed to test whether catheter-based RFA is superior to optimized AAD therapy in suppressing relapse within 24 months of symptomatic and/or asymptomatic AF in patients with paroxysmal AF without prior AAD therapy . primary endpoint is cumulative AF burden on repeated 7 days Holter monitoring . endpoints are : thromboembolic events , hospitalization due to arrhythmia , pro-arrhythmic events , procedure/treatment-related side effects , health economics , quality of life , and change in left ventricular function . centres in Scandinavia and Germany are participating in the study . was started in 2005 and as of November 2008 , 260 patients have been enrolled into the study . is expected that enrolment will end by March 2009 , when 300 patients have been included . MANTRA-PAF trial will determine whether catheter-based RFA is superior to optimized AAD therapy as a first-line treatment in suppressing long-term relapse of symptomatic and/or asymptomatic AF ."
1353,Abstract #1353,"video systems for laparoscopy provide the surgeon a two-dimensional image ( 2D ) , where information on spatial depth can be derived only from secondary spatial depth cues and experience . the advantage of stereoscopy for surgical task efficiency has been clearly shown , several attempts to introduce three-dimensional ( 3D ) video systems into clinical routine have failed . aim of this study is to evaluate users ' performances in standardised surgical phantom model tasks using 3D HD visualisation compared with 2D HD regarding precision and working speed . comparative study uses a 3D HD video system consisting of a dual-channel laparoscope , a stereoscopic camera , a camera controller with two separate outputs and a wavelength multiplex stereoscopic monitor . of 20 medical students and 10 laparoscopically experienced surgeons ( more than 100 laparoscopic cholecystectomies each ) pre-selected in a stereo vision test were asked to perform one task to familiarise themselves with the system and subsequently a set of five standardised tasks encountered in typical surgical procedures . tasks were performed under either 3D or 2D conditions at random choice and subsequently repeated under the other vision condition . errors were counted , and time needed was measured . four of the five tasks the study participants made fewer mistakes in 3D than in 2D vision . four of the tasks they needed significantly more time in the 2D mode . the student group and the surgeon group showed similarly improved performance , while the surgeon group additionally saved more time on difficult tasks . study shows that 3D HD using a state-of-the-art 3D monitor permits superior task efficiency , even as compared with the latest 2D HD video systems ."
1354,Abstract #1354,"is known about the effects of physical training on plasma leptin concentrations in children . sought to determine the effects of 4-mo periods with and without physical training on leptin in obese children and to explore the determinants of leptin at baseline and in response to physical training . were 34 obese 7-11-y-old children randomly assigned to engage in physical training during either the first or second 4 mo of the 8-mo study . body composition , visceral adiposity , and insulin were all positively correlated with leptin at baseline ( P < or = 0.05 ) ; however , only fat mass was retained in the final stepwise regression ( P = 0.0001 , R2 = 0.57 ) . decreased during the 4-mo periods of physical training and increased in the 4 mo after cessation of physical training ( P < 0.001 for the time by group interaction ) . in leptin were greatest in children with higher pretraining leptin concentrations , those whose total mass increased least , and those whose insulin concentrations decreased most ( P < or = 0.05 ) ; only pretraining leptin concentration ( P = 0.009 ) and change in total mass ( P = 0.0002 ) were retained in the final regression ( R2 = 0.53 ) . obese children , leptin concentration decreased during 4 mo of physical training and increased during a subsequent 4-mo period without physical training , fat mass was highly correlated with baseline leptin , and greater reductions in leptin during 4 mo of physical training were seen in children with higher pretraining leptin and in those whose total mass increased least ."
1355,Abstract #1355,"During ankle block performance , anesthetizing the sural nerve is important for generating complete anesthesia of the lateral aspect of the foot . hypothesized that an ultrasound-guided perivascular approach , utilizing the lesser saphenous vein as a reference , would prove more successful than a conventional approach based on surface landmarks . Eighteen healthy volunteers were prospectively randomized into this controlled and blinded study . subject was placed prone and the right ankle was randomized to receive either an ultrasound-guided perivascular sural nerve block ( group US ) or a traditional landmark-based sural nerve block ( group TRAD ) . subject 's left ankle then received the alternate approach . ultrasound technique relied on injecting local anesthetic circumferentially around the lesser saphenous vein . blocks were performed with 5 mL of 3 % chloroprocaine . evaluated sensory block to ice and pinprick . outcome variables included performance times , number of needle passes , participant satisfaction , and presence of any complications . At the midfoot position , testing at 10 minutes after block placement revealed a loss of sensation to ice in 94 % ( complete in 78 % and partial in 16 % ) in the US group versus 56 % in the TRAD group ( complete in 28 % , partial in 28 % ) ( P < .01 ) . loss of sensation to ice persisted in 33 % of the US group as compared with 6 % in the TRAD group at 60 minutes ( P < .05 ) . similar pattern was observed when the blocks were tested with pinprick . blocks took longer to perform on average than the traditional blocks ( mean difference of 102 seconds , P < .001 ) . ultrasound block was subjectively felt to be denser by 88 % of the subjects ( P = .001 ) . Ultrasound guidance using the lesser saphenous vein as a reference point results in a more complete and longer lasting sural nerve block than does a traditional approach using surface landmarks ."
1356,Abstract #1356,"surgery , the balance between thrombosis and fibrinolysis is altered . reported to increase fibrinolysis , such as compression devices , may reduce venous thrombosis . , there are no prospective studies comparing methods and the effect on fibrinolysis . a prospective study , general surgical patients were randomized to either sequential compression devices ( Group 1 ) or subcutaneous heparin ( Group 2 ) , and fibrinolysis factors were measured in order to determine the effect on the fibrinolysis system . samples were drawn at a similar time of the day with the tourniquet off . , t-PA antigen , plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1 ) , and D-dimer were measured preoperatively ( preop ) and on Postoperative Days ( POD ) 1 and 7 by the ELISA method . factors were reported as the mean + / - SD and as percentage change from preoperative values . vascular studies were performed preop , and on POD 1 , 7 , and 30 , by an examination of the infrainguinal venous system and external iliac veins in bilateral lower extremities . patients were excluded from the study and DVT prophylaxis methods were initiated at surgery and used through POD 2 . the 136 patients in the study , there were no differences in clinical characteristics such as age , surgical time ( all > 60 min ) , anesthesia type ( general or spinal ) , type of surgical procedure , or other risk factors for DVT . DVTs occurred at POD 1 and 30 ( both Group 2 ) , and one pulmonary embolism in each group ( POD 7 for Group 1 ; POD 1 for Group 2 ) . subjects without thrombosis , D-dimer changes were parallel for both groups , increasing through POD 7 . , t-PA antigen levels rose from baseline on POD 1 in both groups , with a return toward baseline by POD 7 . PAI-1 levels increased on POD 1 in both groups , but severalfold more in Group 1 ( compression devices ) . elevation in PAI-1 decreased by 50 % in Group 1 by POD 7 , while values returned to normal in Group 2 . changes were not significant using the Mann-Whitney test . three patients had thrombotic episodes so that data on changes in fibrinolysis factors are difficult to compare with the larger group . is the first report of a prospective , randomized comparison of fibrinolysis factors using sequential compression devices in comparison to low dose unfractionated heparin in general surgical patients , and comparing postoperative values to preop . groups showed an enhanced fibrinolysis by elevation in t-PA antigen and D-dimer on POD 1 , as expected when fibrinolysis occurs . PAI-1 and t-PA work in parallel , the marked elevation of PAI-1 on POD 1 ( although only slightly above reference values ) and continuing into POD 7 for subjects using compression devices requires further inquiry . elevation of PAI-1 in the face of elevated t-PA and D-dimer has been reported , but the comparison between patients using sequential compression devices and mini-dose heparin has not been reported . reason for the elevation requires additional study into other influences on the synthesis , secretion , and/or function of PAI-1 that do not affect t-PA ."
1357,Abstract #1357,", nausea , and sleeplessness at altitude [ acute mountain sickness ( AMS ) ] are major health problems for several million mountain recreationists who ascend to high altitudes each year . aimed to test the efficacy of low-dose , slow-release theophylline for the prevention of AMS in a placebo-controlled , double-blind , randomized trial . healthy male volunteers ( mean age 34.7 y ) were randomized ( random allocation ) to receive either 300 mg theophylline daily or placebo 5 days prior , during ascent , and during a stay at 4,559 m altitude . symptoms were collected using the Lake Louise Score on each day during ascent and at high altitude . 12-channel sleep recorder recorded sleep and breathing parameters during the first night at 4,559 m. Theophylline serum levels were drawn prior to the sleep study . completed the entire study . ( n = 9 ) compared to placebo ( n = 8 ) significantly reduced AMS symptoms at 4,559 m ( Lake Louise Score : 1.5 + / - 0.5 vs placebo 2.3 + / - 2.37 ; p < 0.001 ) , events of periodic breathing ( 34.3 / h vs placebo 74.2 / h ; p < 0.05 ) , and oxygen desaturations ( 62.3 / h vs placebo 121.6 / h ; p < 0.01 ) . significant differences in sleep efficiency or sleep structure were present in the two groups . adverse drug effects were reported . , slow-release theophylline reduces symptoms of AMS in association with alleviation of events of periodic breathing and oxygen desaturations ."
1358,Abstract #1358,"during and after implantation of dermal gel fillers is a consistent complaint of patients undergoing soft tissue augmentation . of pain during injection would increase patient comfort and improve the overall patient experience . evaluate pain at the injection site during and after the injection of Prevelle SILK or Captique and to evaluate outcomes after 2 weeks . a patient-blinded , prospective , randomized , split-face design trial , a non-animal-derived hyaluronic acid based filler formulated with lidocaine ( Prevelle SILK ) was injected in one nasolabial fold ( NLF ) , and the same filler without lidocaine ( Captique ) was injected in the contralateral NLF of 45 enrolled patients . site pain was measured using a visual analogue scale at injection ( time 0 ) and 15 , 30 , 45 , and 60 minutes after injection . were asked to return for an evaluation after 2 weeks and to complete a self-assessment questionnaire during the follow-up visit . was more than 50 % less pain associated with the dermal gel with lidocaine than with the same filler without lidocaine at all time points ( p < .05 ) . greatest difference in pain was recorded at the time of injection , and then the effect gradually declined over the 60-minute period . fillers were well tolerated , and there was no difference in outcome after 2 weeks . of lidocaine to a filler resulted in significantly less pain associated with the procedure without compromising outcomes ."
1359,Abstract #1359,"effect of antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation on health is one of the most controversial issues in human nutrition . objective was to investigate the effect of nutritional doses of a combination of antioxidant vitamins and minerals on health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) in a sample of healthy French adults . is a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , primary prevention trial in which a total of 8112 participants received a single capsule daily containing either placebo or vitamin C 120 mg , vitamin E 30 mg , beta-carotene 6 mg , selenium 100 g and zinc 20 mg . completed HRQoL questionnaires ( SF36 and GHQ12 ) at baseline and after a mean of 76.0 4.2 months . for physical dimensions tended to decrease over time , whereas those for mental dimensions tended to improve . differences in changes over time were observed between the supplement and placebo groups . who believed that they received placebo had lower HRQoL scores than did those who thought they had received supplements [ SF36 Bodily pain ( -3.3 ) , General health ( -2.2 ) , Vitality ( -1.6 ) dimensions and physical component summary score ( -1.1 ) in men , and in SF36 Social functioning ( -2.3 ) , General health ( -1.4 ) dimensions and physical component summary score ( -0.7 ) in women ] . supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals had no beneficial effect on HRQoL in this trial . is contrary to conventional beliefs and claims that such an effect exists . Registration `` Primary Prevention Trial of the Health Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals . '' n 00272428 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ."
1360,Abstract #1360,"determine the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three dressing products , N-A , Inadine and Aquacel , for patients with diabetic foot ulcers , as well as the feasibility and consequences of less frequent dressing changes by health-care professionals . multicentre , prospective , observer-blinded , parallel group , randomised controlled trial , with three arms . expert multidisciplinary clinics for the management of diabetic foot ulcers across the UK . over age 18 with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with a chronic ( present for at least 6 weeks ) full-thickness foot ulcer ( on or below the malleoli ) not penetrating to tendon , periosteum or bone , and with a cross-sectional area between 25 and 2500 mm ( 2 ) . were randomised 1:1:1 to treatment with one of N-A ( a non-adherent , knitted , viscose filament gauze ) , Inadine ( an iodine-impregnated dressing ) , both traditional dressings , or Aquacel , a newer product . primary outcome measure was the number of ulcers healed in each group at week 24 . measures included time to healing , new ulcerations , major and minor amputations , and episodes of secondary infection . total of 317 patients were randomised . 88 withdrawals , 229 remained evaluable . greater proportion of smaller ( 25-100 mm ( 2 ) ulcers healed within the specified time ( 48.3 % versus 37.3 % ; p = 0.048 ) . was , however , no difference between the three dressings in terms of percentage healed by 24 weeks , or in the mean time to healing , whether analysed on the basis of intention to treat ( Inadine 44.4 % , N-A 38.7 % , Aquacel 44.7 % ; not significant ) or per protocol ( Inadine 55.2 % , N-A 59.4 % , Aquacel 63.0 % ; not significant ) . was no difference in the quality of healing , as reflected in the incidence of recurrence within 12 weeks . , there was no difference in the incidence of adverse events , although a greater proportion of those randomised to the non-adherent dressings were withdrawn from the study ( 34.9 % versus 29.1 % Aquacel and 19.4 % Inadine ; p = 0.038 ) . only statistically significant difference found in the health economic analysis was the cost associated with the provision of dressings ( mean cost per patient : N-A 14.85 pounds , Inadine 17.48 pounds , Aquacel 43.60 pounds ) . higher cost of Aquacel was not offset by the fewer dressings required . was no difference in measures of either generic or condition-specific measures of quality of life . , there was a significant difference in the change in pain associated with dressing changes between the first and second visits , with least pain reported by those receiving non-adherent dressings ( p = 0.012 ) . was no difference in the costs of professional time , and this may relate to the number of dressing changes undertaken by non-professionals . per cent of all participants had at least one dressing change undertaken by themselves or a non-professional carer , although this ranged from 22 % to 82 % between the different centres . there was no difference in effectiveness , there is no reason why the least costly of the three dressings could not be used more widely across the UK National Health Service , thus generating potentially substantial savings . option of involving patients and non-professional carers in changing dressings needs to be assessed more formally and could be associated with further significant reductions in health-care costs . Controlled Trials ISRCTN78366977 ."
1361,Abstract #1361,"much evidence supports the hypothesis that cognitive function and physical function are interrelated , it is unclear whether cognitive decline with mild cognitive impairment influences trainability of physical performance in exercise intervention . purpose of this study was to examine the association between cognitive function at baseline and change in physical performance after exercise intervention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment . older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment based on the Peterson criteria ( mean age 74.8 years ) consented to and completed a 6-month twice weekly exercise intervention . Timed Up and Go ( TUG ) test was used as a measure of physical performance . Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) , Trail Making Test Part B , Geriatric Depression Scale , baseline muscle strength of knee extension , and attendance rate of intervention , were measured as factors for predicting trainability . the correlation analysis , the change in TUG showed modest correlations with attendance rate in the exercise program ( r = -0.354 , P = 0.027 ) and MMSE at baseline ( r = -0.321 , P = 0.034 ) . multiple regression analysis revealed that change in TUG was independently associated with attendance rate ( = -0.322 , P = 0.026 ) and MMSE score ( = -0.295 , P = 0.041 ) , controlling for age and gender . cognitive function was associated with improvements in physical performance after exercise intervention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment . research is needed to examine the effects of exercise programs designed to address cognitive obstacles in older adults with mild cognitive impairment ."
1362,Abstract #1362,"estimate the risks and benefits associated with continuation of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medication use before cataract surgery . cohort study . 50 and older scheduled for 19,283 cataract surgeries at nine centers in the United States and Canada between June 1995 and June 1997 . . and postoperative ( within 7 days ) retrobulbar hemorrhage , vitreous or choroidal hemorrhage , hyphema , transient ischemic attack ( TIA ) , stroke , deep vein thrombosis , myocardial ischemia , and myocardial infarction . cataract surgery 24.2 % and 4.0 % of patients routinely used aspirin and warfarin , respectively . routine users , 22.5 % of aspirin users and 28.3 % of warfarin users discontinued these medications before surgery . rates of stroke , TIA , or deep vein thrombosis were 1.5 / 1000 among those who did not use aspirin or warfarin and 3.8 / 1000 surgeries among routine users of aspirin and warfarin who continued their medication before surgery . rate was 1 event per 1000 surgeries among those who discontinued aspirin use ( relative risk = 0.7 , 95 % confidence interval = 0.1-5 .9 ) . were no events among warfarin users who discontinued use . rates of myocardial infarction or ischemia were 5.1 / 1000 surgeries ( aspirin ) and 7.6 / 1000 surgeries ( warfarin ) among routine continuous users and no different from those of routine users who discontinued use . risks of medical and ophthalmic events surrounding cataract surgery were so low that absolute differences in risk associated with changes in routine anticoagulant or antiplatelet use were minimal ."
1363,Abstract #1363,"compare the efficacy of midazolam and diazepam for treatment of acute seizures in children . hundred and twenty children with acute seizures were randomly divided into two groups : midazolam ( 0.1-0 .3 mg/kg ) and diazepam treatment ( 0.3-0 .5 mg/kg ) ( n = 60 each ) . cases with seizure recurrence or statural convulsivus , a maintenance dose of midazolam ( 1-8 mg/kg per hour ) and a maintenance dose of diazepam ( 0.5-1 mg/kg per hour ) or along with phenobarbital sodium were given in the midazolam and diazepam treatment groups , respectively . therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups . seizures were relieved in all cases from the two groups 10 minutes after administration of midazolam or diazepam . were no significant differences in the average time of seizure control between the two groups . children in the midazolam group had seizure recurrence or statural convulsivus after 10 minutes compared with 13 children in the diazepan group ( P < 0.05 ) . time of seizure control averaged 40 + / -32 minutes in the midazolam group compared with 69 + / -24 minutes in the diazepam group after maintenance treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . midazolam and diazepam treatment related adverse events were observed . is safe and effective in the treatment of acute seizures in children . appears to be a better option in the treatment of recurrent seizures or statural convulsivus than diazepam ."
1364,Abstract #1364,"purpose of this randomized pilot was to determine feasibility of testing Reiki , a complementary therapy intervention , for women undergoing breast biopsy ( BB ) . women face the possibility of BB , the definitive test for breast cancer . distress associated with BB includes anxiety and depression . was proposed as an intervention to decrease anxiety and promote relaxation . women scheduled for BB were randomized to Reiki intervention versus conventional care control . and depression were evaluated using self-report questionnaires . found no significant mean differences between groups over time . low baseline anxiety levels ( possible selection bias ) decreased naturally with time allowing little room for observing treatment effect . , when administered in the naturalistic setting of a complementary therapy office , did not suggest evidence of efficacy . intervention offered within the bounds of the conventional care setting may be more feasible for addressing BB distress ."
1365,Abstract #1365,"compared stepwise addition of bolus insulin with a full basal-bolus regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin plus oral antidiabetic drugs . FullSTEP study was a phase 4 , 32-week , randomised , open-label , two-arm , parallel-group , multinational , treat-to-target , non-inferiority trial done at 150 sites across seven countries to assess the effectiveness of a stepwise dosing approach versus a basal-bolus regimen . this trial , 401 patients ( mean age 598 years [ SD 93 ] ; HbA1c 79 % [ 63 mmol/mol ] ; mean diabetes duration 126 years [ SD 80 ] ) were block randomised ( ratio 1:1 ) to receive either stepwise treatment or full basal-bolus treatment . in the basal-bolus group received insulin aspart before every meal throughout the trial . in the stepwise group received one bolus dose with the largest meal , with additional insulin aspart doses before the next largest meal added to their regimen at 11 weeks and 22 weeks if HbA1c remained at 7 % or higher . primary outcome was non-inferiority of stepwise addition of bolus insulin versus complete basal-bolus therapy , as assessed by change in HbA1c from baseline to 32 weeks ( non-inferiority margin of 04 % ) . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01165684 . study was started on Oct 27 , 2010 , and completed on April 25 , 2012 . 32 weeks , HbA1c change from baseline was -098 % ( 95 % CI -109 to -087 ) for the stepwise group and -112 % ( -123 to -100 ) for the basal-bolus group ; mean treatment difference 014 ( 95 % CI -002 to 030 ) , non-significant ( p = 00876 ) . hypoglycaemic episodes occurred in the stepwise group than in the basal-bolus group ( rate ratio 058 [ 95 % CI 045 to 075 ] ; p < 00001 ) . adverse events did not differ between the two treatment groups . most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse event were nasopharyngitis , influenza , diarrhoea , headache , peripheral oedema , and wrong drug given . participants died : two before randomisation and one in the basal-bolus group ( due to severe acute myocardial infarction and respiratory tract inflammation ) . prandial insulin intensification provides glycaemic control non-inferior to a full basal-bolus regimen after 32 weeks , with significantly lower hypoglycaemia risk and better patient satisfaction . Nordisk ."
1366,Abstract #1366,"purpose of this study was to determine whether carvedilol 's alpha ( 1 ) - adrenoceptor antagonism persists during long-term therapy of patients with congestive heart failure ( CHF ) . and metoprolol differ in that carvedilol also antagonizes beta ( 2 ) - and alpha ( 1 ) - adrenoceptors . hypothesized that in contrast to metoprolol , carvedilol would increase calf vascular conductance ( CVC ) , blunt neurally mediated vasoconstriction and attenuate neuroeffector transfer function gain . randomized 36 patients with CHF ( age 55 + / - 1 years , ejection fraction 19 + / - 1 % , means + / - SE ) to either drug . pressure ( BP ) , heart rate , muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( MSNA ) and CVC were assessed before and after four months of treatment . variability of BP and MSNA was determined using fast Fourier transformation . data were obtained in 23 ( carvedilol , 13 ; metoprolol , 10 ) subjects . beta-blockers decreased heart rate , but neither affected mean BP or CVC ( carvedilol : 0.016 + / - 0.002 to 0.018 + / - 0.003 U ; metoprolol : 0.020 + / - 0.002 to 0.020 + / - 0.004 U ) . handgrip exercise ( 30 % of maximum ) increased heart rate , mean BP and MSNA . calf vasoconstrictor response to handgrip exercise was not affected by carvedilol ( from 16 + / - 6 resistance U to 25 + / - 10 resistance U , NS ) . gain of the transfer of oscillations in MSNA into BP under resting conditions was not attenuated by carvedilol . did not increase CVC , blunt the calf vasoconstrictor response to handgrip or attenuate the gain of the neuroeffector transfer function , indicating the absence of functionally important peripheral alpha ( 1 ) - adrenoceptor antagonism during long-term treatment of CHF ."
1367,Abstract #1367,"( IFN ) - therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection is frequently associated with depression . routine prophylaxis with antidepressants might expose patients to adverse effects , hence , the need for alternative preventive interventions . polyunsaturated fatty acids are safe and effective essential nutritional compounds used for the treatment of depression , putatively through an anti-inflammatory action . addition , lower erythrocyte levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been associated with an increased risk of IFN-induced depression . conducted a 2-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial comparing eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) , docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) , and placebo for the prevention of IFN -- induced depression . total of 162 patients consented to participate and were randomized to the study . of the patients completed the 2-week trial ; 152 participants were followed throughout the 24 weeks of IFN - treatment and were included in the analysis . with placebo , the incident rates of IFN -- induced depression were significantly lower in EPA-treated but not in DHA-treated patients ( 10 % and 28 % , respectively , versus 30 % for placebo , p = .037 ) . EPA and DHA significantly delayed the onset of IFN-induced depression ( week of onset : 12.0 and 11.7 , respectively , versus 5.3 for placebo , p = .002 ) . and DHA were both well tolerated in this population . treatment increased both EPA and DHA erythrocyte levels , but DHA only increased DHA erythrocyte levels . is effective in the prevention of depression in hepatitis C virus patients received IFN - therapy . study confirms the notion that anti-inflammatory strategies are effective antidepressants in the context of depression associated with inflammation ."
1368,Abstract #1368,"determine whether changing heat and moisture exchangers every 48 hrs rather than 24 hrs would affect their efficacy to preserve heat and moisture of expiratory gases . , controlled , randomized , not blinded , study . care unit of a university hospital . patients requiring controlled mechanical ventilation and paralysis for > 2 days . randomization , the patients were allocated to one of the three following groups : a ) group 1 , ventilated for 24 hrs with a heat and moisture exchanger ; b ) group 2 , ventilated for 48 hrs with the same heat and moisture exchanger ; and c ) group 3 , ventilated for 48 hrs with a heated humidifier system . each patient , during the inspiration phase , the following measurements were performed : a ) peak and mean airway pressures ; b ) mean values of temperature ; c ) relative and absolute humidity of inspired gases . each patient , measurements were performed after 24 hrs and after 48 hrs , where appropriate . 24 hrs , patients in groups 1 and 2 had similar levels of temperature ( 30.1 + / - 2.7 degrees C and 29.2 + / - 2.3 degrees C ) , relative humidity ( 98.3 + / - 3.6 % and 99.3 + / - 3.4 % ) , and absolute humidity ( 29.1 + / - 2.1 and 29.3 + / - 2.4 mg H2O/L ) . the same heat and moisture exchanger for 48 hrs rather than 24 hrs did not affect its technical performance . showed the following : a ) temperature , 24 hrs , 29.2 + / - 2.3 degrees C , 48 hrs , 28.7 + / - 1.9 degrees C ; b ) relative humidity , 24 hrs , 99.3 + / - 3.4 % , 48 hrs , 99.2 + / - 1.7 % ; and c ) absolute humidity , 24 hrs , 29.3 + / - 2.4 mg H2O/L , 48 hrs , 28.7 + / - 3.1 mg H2O/L . and mean airway pressures did not change over the 48-hr study period , with identical tidal and minute volumes in the study patients . levels of temperature and absolute humidity of inspired gases were observed in group 3 , compared with groups 1 and 2 ( p < .02 ) . the heat and moisture exchanger after 48 hrs rather than 24 hrs did not affect its technical performance in terms of heat and water preservation of ventilatory gases . is also some indirect evidence of very few , if any , changes in heat and moisture exchanger resistance . , other large clinical trials should be undertaken to confirm the safety of extending the time between heat and moisture exchanger change . heated humidifier , supplied with electric energy maintained high levels of humidification and temperature over the 48-hr study period ."
1369,Abstract #1369,"compare the efficacy of gamithromycin with that of tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex ( BRDC ) in feedlot calves . weaned crossbred beef calves . each of 6 feedlots , newly arrived calves with BRDC were administered a single dose of gamithromycin ( 6.0 mg/kg , SC ; n = 523 ) or tulathromycin ( 2.5 mg/kg , SC ; 526 ) . and BRDC retreatment rates during the first 120 days after treatment , final body weight , and average daily gain ( ADG ) , were compared between treatments . 2 feedlots , calves were assigned clinical scores for 10 days after treatment to determine recovery rates for each treatment . limits for gamithromycin and tulathromycin were calculated for outcomes for which there was no significant difference between treatments . BRDC retreatment rate ( 17.7 % ) for calves administered gamithromycin was greater than that ( 9.0 % ) for calves administered tulathromycin . case-fatality rate , final body weight , ADG , and clinical score 10 days after treatment did not differ significantly between treatments . for mean differences within which gamithromycin was bioequivalent to tulathromycin were 2.4 % for case-fatality rate , 13 kg for final body weight , and 0.1 kg/d for ADG . administered gamithromycin had a higher BRDC retreatment rate than did calves administered tulathromycin ; otherwise , the clinical efficacy did not differ between the 2 treatments for the treatment of BRDC in feedlot calves ."
1370,Abstract #1370,"is a nucleoside analogue approved for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus 1 with clinical activity against hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) . compare the safety and efficacy of emtricitabine with placebo in patients with HBV , we conducted a randomized ( 2:1 ) , double-blind study at 34 sites in North America , Asia , and Europe that enrolled adults between November 2000 and July 2002 who had chronic HBV infection but had never been exposed to nucleoside or nucleotide treatment . patient received either 200 mg of emtricitabine ( n = 167 ) or placebo ( n = 81 ) once daily for 48 weeks and underwent a pretreatment and end-of-treatment liver biopsy . improvement was defined as a 2-point reduction in Knodell necroinflammatory score with no worsening in fibrosis . the end of treatment , 103 ( 62 % ) of 167 patients receiving active treatment had improved liver histologic findings vs 20 ( 25 % ) of 81 receiving placebo ( P < .001 ) , with significance demonstrated in subgroups positive ( P < .001 ) and negative ( P = .002 ) for hepatitis Be ( HBe ) antigen . HBV DNA readings showed less than 400 copies/mL in 91 ( 54 % ) of 167 patients in the emtricitabine group vs 2 ( 2 % ) of 81 in the placebo group ( P < .001 ) ; alanine aminotransferase levels were normal in 65 % ( 109/167 ) vs 25 % ( 20/81 ) , respectively ( P < .001 ) . week 48 , 20 ( 13 % ) of 159 patients in the emtricitabine group with HBV DNA measured at the end of treatment had detectable virus with resistance mutations ( 95 % confidence interval , 8 % -18 % ) . rate of seroconversion to anti-HBe ( 12 % ) and HBe antigen loss were not different between arms . safety profile of emtricitabine during treatment was similar to that of placebo . exacerbation of HBV infection developed in 23 % of emtricitabine-treated patients . patients with chronic HBV , both positive and negative for HBe antigen , 48 weeks of emtricitabine treatment resulted in significant histologic , virologic , and biochemical improvement ."
1371,Abstract #1371,"determine the long-term outcome of computed tomographic ( CT ) quantification of coronary artery calcium ( CAC ) used as a triage tool for patients presenting with chest pain to an emergency department ( ED ) . ( men aged 30-62 years and women aged 30-65 years ) with chest pain and low-to-moderate probability of coronary artery disease underwent both conventional ED chest pain evaluation and CT CAC assessment prospectively . ' physicians were blinded to the CAC results . results of the conventional evaluation were compared with CAC findings on CT , and the long-term outcome in patients undergoing CT CAC assessment was established . end points ( acute coronary syndrome , death , fatal or nonfatal non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction , fatal or nonfatal ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ) and secondary outcomes ( coronary artery bypass grafting , percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty , coronary stenting , or a combination thereof ) were obtained when the patient was dismissed from the ED or hospital and then at 30 days , 1 year , and 5 years . the 263 study patients , 133 ( 51 % ) had a CAC score of zero . absence of CAC correlated strongly with the likelihood of noncardiac chest pain . 133 patients with a CAC score of zero , only 1 ( < 1 % ) had cardiac chest pain . , of the 31 patients shown to have cardiac chest pain , 30 ( 97 % ) had evidence of CAC on CT. . a CAC cutoff score of 36 was used , as suggested by receiver operating characteristic analysis , sensitivity was 90 % ; specificity , 85 % ; positive predictive value , 44 % ; and negative predictive value , 99 % . long-term follow-up , patients without CAC experienced no cardiac events at 30 days , 1 year , and 5 years . suggest that CT CAC assessment is a powerful adjunct in chest pain evaluation for the population at low-to-intermediate risk . or minimal CAC in this population makes cardiac chest pain extremely unlikely . absence of CAC suggests an excellent long-term ( 5-year ) prognosis , with no primary or secondary cardiac outcomes occurring in study patients at 5-year follow-up ."
1372,Abstract #1372,"evaluated 35 % urea in a water-lipid-based foam delivery system containing lactic acid in participants with mild-to-moderate xerosis of the foot . 4-week open-label study enrolled 12 participants with xerosis of the foot ; six participants were diabetic and six were nondiabetic . medication was applied to the affected area twice daily . adverse events were recorded . severity was measured at baseline and at the end of treatment by Investigator 's Global Assessment , and investigator 's and participant 's signs and symptoms scores . 4 weeks , compliance and participant satisfaction were determined from participant diaries and a 16-item survey instrument , respectively . participants completed the study . adverse reactions were noted with application of the foam . of the participants who completed the study experienced an improvement in xerosis . median Investigator 's Global Assessment score decreased significantly from baseline to the end of treatment ( P = .005 ) . investigator and participants observed significant improvement ( P < .05 ) in redness , scaling , and cracking from baseline to the end of treatment . with the regimen was good , and participants expressed satisfaction with the product . percent urea in a water-lipid-based foam delivery system containing lactic acid can be an appropriate treatment option for mild-to-moderate xerosis of the foot ."
1373,Abstract #1373,"bronchodilator response ( BDR ) reflects the reversibility of airflow obstruction and is recommended as an adjunctive test to diagnose asthma . validity of the commonly used definition of BDR , a 12 % or greater change in FEV1 from baseline , has been questioned in childhood . sought to examine the diagnostic accuracy of the BDR test by using 3 large pediatric cohorts . include 1041 children with mild-to-moderate asthma from the Childhood Asthma Management Program . subjects ( nonasthmatic and nonwheezing ) were chosen from Project Viva and Home Allergens , 2 population-based pediatric cohorts . operating characteristic curves were constructed , and areas under the curve were calculated for different BDR cutoffs . total of 1041 cases ( 59.7 % male ; mean age , 8.9 2.1 years ) and 250 control subjects ( 46.8 % male ; mean age , 8.7 1.7 years ) were analyzed , with mean BDRs of 10.7 % 10.2 % and 2.7 % 8.4 % , respectively . BDR test differentiated asthmatic patients from nonasthmatic patients with a moderate accuracy ( area under the curve , 73.3 % ) . good specificity , a cutoff of 12 % was associated with poor sensitivity ( 35.6 % ) . cutoff of less than 8 % performed significantly better than a cutoff of 12 % ( P = .03 , 8 % vs 12 % ) . findings highlight the poor sensitivity associated with the commonly used 12 % cutoff for BDR . our data show that a threshold of less than 8 % performs better than 12 % , given the variability of this test in children , we conclude that it might be not be appropriate to choose a specific BDR cutoff as a criterion for the diagnosis of asthma ."
1374,Abstract #1374,"is controversy in medical literature regarding the use of electromagnetic fields to promote bone healing . designing and building devices capable of generating an electromagnetic field for this study , their safety was confirmed and the electromagnetic therapy was randomly allocated and compared to placebo in patients with fracture of the femoral diaphysis . began six weeks after the fracture and it was administered once a day , during 1 h , for eight consecutive weeks . device were built , 10 of which were placebo-devices . June 2008 and October 2009 , 64 patients were randomized in two different hospitals and were followed for 24 weeks . mean age was 30 years ( 18-59 ) and 81 % were males . observed at week 12 was 75 % vs. 58 % ( p = 0.1 ) ; at week 18 it was 94 % vs. 80 % ( p = 0.15 ) ; and at week 24 it was 94 % vs. 87 % ( p = 0.43 ) for the device group and the placebo group , respectively . study suggests that an electromagnetic field stimulus can promote earlier bone healing compared to placebo in femoral diaphyseal fractures . bone healing translates into sooner weight bearing , which -- in turn -- permits quicker return to normal daily activities ."
1375,Abstract #1375,"compare baseline characteristics of clients initially preferring abstinence with those preferring non-abstinence at the screening stage of a randomized controlled trial of treatment for alcohol problems ( UKATT ) and to identify predictors of goal preference from client characteristics present before the preference was stated . discussions with clients entering the trial ( N = 742 ) , screeners noted whether clients were aiming for abstinence ` probably yes ' or ` probably no ' . between the two groups thus formed were explored by univariate comparisons among client characteristics recorded at baseline assessment and by logistic regression analysis with pre-existing characteristics as independent variables . all UKATT sites , 54.3 % of clients expressed a preference for abstinence and 45.7 % for non-abstinence . univariate comparisons , clients preferring abstinence were significantly ( P < 0.01 ) more likely to : ( i ) be female , ( ii ) be unemployed , ( iii ) report drinking more heavily but less frequently , ( iv ) have been detoxified in the 2 weeks prior to assessment , ( v ) report more alcohol problems , ( vi ) be in the action stage of change , ( vii ) report greater negative expectancies of drinking , ( viii ) report greater mental and physical ill-health , ( ix ) report less social support for drinking and ( x ) be more confident of their ability to resist heavy drinking in tempting situations . the logistic regression model , the strongest predictors of goal preference were gender , drinking pattern , recent detoxification and social support for drinking . implications of these findings for service delivery are best considered in conjunction with findings from a companion paper reporting treatment outcomes associated with each goal preference ."
1376,Abstract #1376,"determine whether biochemical modulation with LV ( leucovorin ) enhances the efficacy of CAF ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , and fluorouracil ) against metastatic breast cancer . with histologically confirmed stage IV breast cancer , Cancer and Leukemia Group B ( CALGB ) performance status 0 to 2 , and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were randomly assigned to receive CAF ( cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 day 1 , doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 day 1 , and fluorouracil [ FU ] 200 mg/m2 intravenous bolus days 1 to 5 ) with or without LV ( LV 200 mg/m2 over 30 minutes days 1 to 5 given 1 hour before FU ) . hundred forty-two patients were randomly assigned to treatment ; 124 patients had visceral crisis and 40 patients had a CALGB performance status score of 2 . median follow-up was 6 years . two study arms were similar with regard to serious adverse events ; four patients died from treatment-related causes , two patients on each study arm . variables for time to treatment failure and survival were visceral disease and performance status . overall response rate was 29 % for CAF versus 28 % for CAF plus LV . median time to treatment failure ( 9 months ) and median survival ( 1.7 years ) did not differ by treatment arm . of CAF with LV improved neither response rates nor survival among women with metastatic breast cancer , compared with CAF alone . analyses confirmed the prognostic importance of performance status and visceral crisis . , the overall and complete response rates , response durations , time to treatment failure , and survival were the same in the two treatment arms ."
1377,Abstract #1377,"deficiency anemia frequently occurs in gastrectomized patients . iron levels following the ingestion of a single oral dose of 105 mg elemental iron , taken as ferrous sulfate ( FeS ) or ferric gluconate ( FeG ) , have been evaluated in 20 gastrectomized patients ( and 20 controls ) . subjects participated on 2 different test days , 1 month apart : they took a single dose of 105 mg elemental iron as FeS or FeG after a night of fasting . iron concentrations at baseline , 30 , 60 , 120 and 180 min after the oral dose administration were measured . patients and controls receiving FeG , serum iron levels did not significantly change . oral ingestion of FeS , patients ' serum iron levels gradually increased . increase in serum iron levels was 148 and 168 % at 120 and 180 min in patients ( p < 0.0001 for both evaluations ) , whilst in controls , it was 216 % at 120 min and 234 % at 180 min , i.e. significantly higher than in gastrectomized patients ( p < 0.001 for both evaluations ) . gastrectomized patients , a single oral dose of FeS shows a significant increase in iron serum concentration , albeit lower than in controls . studies on a larger sample of patients will be necessary to confirm these results ."
1378,Abstract #1378,"naltrexone can completely antagonize the effects produced by opioid agonists . , poor compliance with naltrexone has been a major obstacle to the effective treatment of opioid dependence . evaluate the safety and efficacy of a sustained-release depot formulation of naltrexone in treating opioid dependence . , double-blind , placebo-controlled , 8-week trial conducted at 2 medical centers . heroin-dependent adults . were stratified by sex and years of heroin use ( > or = 5 vs < 5 ) and then were randomized to receive placebo or 192 or 384 mg of depot naltrexone . were administered at the beginning of weeks 1 and 5 . participants received twice-weekly relapse prevention therapy , provided observed urine samples , and completed other assessments at each visit . in treatment and percentage of opioid-negative urine samples . in treatment was dose related , with 39 % , 60 % , and 68 % of patients in the placebo , 192 mg of naltrexone , and 384 mg of naltrexone groups , respectively , remaining in treatment at the end of 2 months . to dropout had a significant main effect of dose , with mean time to dropout of 27 , 36 , and 48 days for the placebo , 192 mg of naltrexone , and 384 mg of naltrexone groups , respectively . percentage of urine samples negative for opioids , methadone , cocaine , benzodiazepines , and amphetamine varied significantly as a function of dose . the data were recalculated without the assumption that missing urine samples were positive , a main effect of group was not found for any drugs tested except cocaine , where the percentage of cocaine-negative urine samples was lower in the placebo group . events were minimal and generally mild . formulation of naltrexone was well tolerated and produced a robust , dose-related increase in treatment retention . data provide new evidence of the feasibility , efficacy , and tolerability of long-lasting antagonist treatments for opioid dependence ."
1379,Abstract #1379,"objective was to determine if a progesterone antagonist might interdict the development of a secretory endometrium . normally cycling women not at risk for pregnancy received RU 486 ( 1 mg/day orally ) or placebo throughout one menstrual cycle in a randomized , double-blind , crossover fashion . , progesterone , and placental protein 14 were measured every 3 days ; luteinizing hormone was measured until the midcycle surge was detected . endometrial biopsy was performed on luteal phase day 7 to 9 and interpreted with Noyes ' criteria . between treatment groups were analyzed by the Student t test . 486 delayed ovulation , retarded endometrial maturation , and reduced peak levels of placental protein 14 without affecting gonadal steroid production . abnormalities in endometrial morphology and function are similar to those seen in infertile women with luteal phase defects . hypothesize that this regimen of antiprogestin administration may prevent implantation and offer a novel strategy for fertility control ."
1380,Abstract #1380,"investigate if cataract surgery improves overall and specific areas of quality of life ( QoL ) in patients with early age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) using the impact of vision impairment ( IVI ) questionnaire . with visually significant cataract and early AMD , who were being considered for cataract surgery in the study eye , were recruited . patients were randomized to either `` early surgery '' or `` standard surgery '' ( standard cataract surgery waiting time of 6 months ) groups . IVI , sociodemographic , and clinical data were collected . analysis was used to estimate QoL person measures at baseline and follow-up . data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA . sizes were calculated using Cohen 's d coefficient . six patients ( mean age = 78.5 years and visual acuity = 6/15 ) had one eye randomly allocated to either the early surgery ( n = 29 ) or standard surgery ( n = 27 ) groups . follow-up , significant interaction effects were found for the overall IVI score [ F ( 1,54 ) = 17.7 ; p < 0.001 ] , the emotional well-being [ F ( 1,54 ) = 13.4 ; p = 0.001 ] , mobility and independence [ F ( 1,54 ) = 13.4 ; p = 0.001 ] , and reading and accessing information subscales [ F ( 1,54 ) = 13.1 ; p = 0.001 ] . standard surgery group systematically recorded worse scores at 6 months on all QoL measures whereas the early surgery group recorded significant gains ( p < 0.001 ; Cohen 's d = 0.66 to 0.91 ) on all of them . acuity in the study eye significantly improved in the early surgery group only ( Cohen 's d = 1.1 ; p < 0.05 ) and improvement in log MAR lines read was identified as the single independent predictor of enhanced QoL explaining between 26 and 34 % of the variance in the IVI scores . surgery is justified in patients with early AMD . brings significant improvements in visual acuity , aspects of daily living , and overall QoL ."
1381,Abstract #1381,"to attend medical appointments among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) has been associated with poor health outcomes . message appointment reminders are a novel tool to potentially improve appointment attendance , but the feasibility of this tool among persons living with HIV in the United States is unknown . conducted a randomized , controlled trial of text message reminders in a large HIV clinic . who declined enrollment were asked for reasons for declining . all patients randomized , demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records . 94 patients screened for the study , 42 ( 45 % ) did not elect to participate ; the most common reason for declining participation was the lack of either a cell phone or text messaging service . , comfort with text messaging , and privacy were other major barriers to study enrollment . the 25 subjects randomized to receive text messages , 6 ( 24 % ) had their phones disconnected prior to the appointment reminder date . , there were no differences in clinic attendance rates between the group that received text reminders versus the group that did not ( 72 % versus 81 % , p = 0.42 ) in an intention-to-treat analysis . text message reminders may be successful in certain groups of patients , barriers must be addressed before they are used as a universal approach to improve clinic attendance ."
1382,Abstract #1382,"of prophylactic antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery is essential . single-dose prophylactic antibiotics are recommended , the efficacy of single-dose cephalosporin without metronidazole and oral antibiotics is not fully proven . conducted a multicenter , randomized trial of a single dose vs 3 doses of the second-generation cephalosporin cefmetazole . prospective , randomized , multicenter trial in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery . major hospitals in Japan that offer cancer treatment . with colorectal cancer treated from May 6 , 2004 , to April 25 , 2005 . were randomized to 1 of 2 groups : a single-dose group given a single dose of cefmetazole just before skin incision and a 3-dose group given 2 additional doses of cefmetazole every 8 hours after the first dose just before skin incision . of incisional surgical site infection ( SSI ) , organ or space SSI , and all other infectious complications within 30 days after surgery . total of 384 patients were enrolled . patients were excluded because of additional surgery or the inability to tolerate mechanical preparation . incidence of incisional SSI was higher in the single-dose group ( 27/190 or 14.2 % ) than in the 3-dose group ( 8/187 or 4.3 % ) ( P = .009 ) . of organ or space SSI and other postoperative infectious diseases did not differ significantly between the 2 groups . multivariate analysis , antibiotic dose was the only significant factor related to the incidence of incisional SSI . cefmetazole administration is significantly more effective for prevention of incisional SSI than single-dose antibiotic administration . Identifier : NCT00292708 ."
1383,Abstract #1383,"investigate the immediate effects on maximal muscle strength of kinesiotaping ( KT ) applied to the dominant quadriceps of healthy subjects . , placebo-controlled crossover trial . Salvatore Maugeri '' Foundation . ethical approval and informed consent , a convenience sample of 36 healthy volunteers were recruited . subjects did not complete the sessions and were excluded from the analysis . were tested across 3 different sessions , randomly receiving 2 experimental KT conditions applied with the aim of enhancing and inhibiting muscle strength and a sham KT application . muscle strength was measured by means of an isokinetic maximal test performed at 60 and 180 degrees per second . secondary outcome measures were performed : the single-leg triple hop for distance to measure limb performance and the Global Rating of Change Scale ( GRCS ) to calculate agreement between KT application and subjective perception of strength . with baseline , none of the 3 taping conditions showed a significant change in muscle strength and performance ( all P > 0.05 ) . size was very low under all conditions ( 0.08 ) . few subjects showed an individual change greater than the minimal detectable change . Rating of Change Scale scores demonstrated low to moderate agreement with the type of KT applied , but some placebo effects were reported independently of condition . findings indicated no significant effect in the maximal quadriceps strength immediately after the application of inhibition , facilitation , or sham KT . results do not support the use of KT applied in this way to change maximal muscle strength in healthy people ."
1384,Abstract #1384,"treatment with aspirin is recommended in patients with large-vessel peripheral arterial disease since these patients have a high risk of death from cardiovascular causes . studies have demonstrated the prophylactic effect of low-dose aspirin in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events . aspirin is also recommended for prevention of late recurrence after peripheral angioplasty , the present study was undertaken to compare the effects of high-dose ( 1000 mg/d ) and low-dose ( 100 mg/d ) aspirin on long-term patency after femoropopliteal angioplasty . hundred sixteen patients treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for femoropopliteal lesions were randomly allocated to therapy with either 1000 or 100 mg aspirin daily . follow-up was 24 months . long-term results were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method , and differences between curves of cumulative patency were determined with the Wilcoxon and log-rank statistics . follow-up information ( patency after 24 months , restenosis , and death ) was obtained in 207 patients . the 2-year follow-up period , 72 patients -- 36 in the high-dose and 36 in the low-dose aspirin group , respectively -- developed angiographically verified reobstruction within the recanalized segment . intention-to-treat analysis , the cumulative patency rates at 24 months were 62.5 % in the high-dose and 62.6 % in the low-dose aspirin group ( Wilcoxon , P = .97 ; log-rank , P = .97 ) . cumulative survival at 24 months of follow-up was 86.6 % in the high-dose and 87.7 % in the low-dose aspirin group . number of patients discontinuing therapy was 30 in the high-dose and 11 in the low-dose aspirin group ( P < .01 ) . patients receiving 100 mg of aspirin discontinued therapy because of gastrointestinal symptoms ( 4 versus 20 ) . data indicate that 100 mg aspirin is no less effective in the prevention of restenosis after femoropopliteal PTA than a 1000-mg dose and has fewer side effects ."
1385,Abstract #1385,"performed the first multiple dose study of remimazolam designed to assess both the feasibility of maintaining suitable sedation during colonoscopy and reversing the sedative effects of remimazolam with flumazenil . volunteers received fentanyl followed by remimazolam for sedation during colonoscopy . dose groups of 15 volunteers each received remimazolam in increasing initial doses , plus top-up doses to maintain sedation for a 30-minute period . a separate double-blind crossover part of the trial , 6 volunteers were sedated with a single high dose of remimazolam , followed by flumazenil or placebo to reverse the sedation . sedation that was adequate for colonoscopy was achieved in > 70 % of subjects . the procedure , subjects rapidly recovered to fully alert , with a median of < 10 minutes overall . were due to the inability to sedate or adverse events , with 1 subject failing due to hypotension ( arterial blood pressure 80/40 ) and low SpO2 ( < 90 % ) . were no serious adverse events reported , and no events that were unexpected with the combination of a benzodiazepine and fentanyl . study also showed that sedation was rapidly reversible ( 1.0 minutes flumazenil vs 10.5 minutes placebo ) without resedation . has the attributes of a sedative drug , with success rates comparable with recent studies of other drugs . provided adequate sedation in 33 of 44 subjects undergoing colonoscopy , and its sedative effects were easily reversed with flumazenil ."
1386,Abstract #1386,"randomized , controlled , double-blind study was designed to determine the optimal dose of remifentanil for preventing complications associated with the removal of a laryngeal mask airway ( LMA ) without delaying emergence . study randomly assigned 128 patients to remifentanil effect-site concentrations ( Ce ) of 0 ng/mL ( group R0 ) , 0.5 ng/mL ( group R0 .5 ) , 1.0 ng/mL ( group R1 .0 ) , and 1.5 ng/mL ( group R1 .5 ) during emergence . emergence and recovery profiles were recorded . events such as coughing , airway obstruction , breath-holding , agitation , desaturation , nausea , and vomiting were also evaluated . number of patients with respiratory complications such as coughing and breath-holding was significantly lower in the R1 .0 and R1 .5 groups than in the R0 group ( p < 0.05 ) . agitation also decreased in the R1 .0 and R1 .5 groups ( p < 0.0083 ) . time to LMA removal was significantly longer in the R1 .5 group than in the other groups ( p < 0.05 ) . a remifentanil Ce of 1.0 ng/mL during emergence may suppress adverse events such as coughing , breath-holding , and agitation following the removal of LMA without delayed awakening ."
1387,Abstract #1387,"avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass , off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery is associated with reduction in PaO2 and postoperative respiratory compliance . , transient interruption of coronary flow is necessary during distal anastomoses and may impose ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury . is an osmotic diuretic with free radical scavenging properties , and we have evaluated the effects of mannitol on oxygenation and cardiac enzyme release in patients undergoing multivessel off-pump bypass surgery in a prospective , randomized , controlled , double-blind trial . patients were randomly allocated to receive either 20 % mannitol 0.5 g/kg ( n = 25 ) or normal saline 2.5 mL/kg ( n = 25 ) during Y-graft construction . variables and serum sodium concentrations were measured 15 minutes after induction of anesthesia and sternum closure . kinase MB was measured before and after the operation . and postoperative fluid input and output , time to extubation , and intraoperative hemodynamic variables were also recorded . after sternum closure was significantly higher in the mannitol group , with faster time to extubation and shorter length of stay in the intensive care unit . urine output was significantly greater in the mannitol group , without significant differences in fluid input , serum sodium concentration , and hemodynamic variables . of patients with a creatine kinase MB level more than 3 times the upper limit of normal was significantly higher in the control group . could be safely used without adverse side effects in patients undergoing multivessel off-pump bypass surgery with beneficial effects in terms of preserving oxygenation , earlier extubation , and fewer patients with significant creatine kinase MB elevation ."
1388,Abstract #1388,"investigations of successful long-term weight loss beyond two years have been conducted , and none has examined weight changes in medically underserved rural populations of older adults . purpose of this study was to assess long-term weight loss maintenance 3.5 years after the completion of an initial six-month lifestyle intervention for obesity among women aged 50-75 years residing in rural communities . hundred and ten obese women with a mean ( standard deviation ) age of 60.08 6.17 years and mean body mass index of 36.76 5.10 kg/m ( 2 ) completed an in-person assessment during which their weight and adherence to behavioral weight management strategies were evaluated . showed a mean weight reduction of 10.17 % 5.0 % during the initial six - month intervention and regained 6.95 % 9.44 % from the completion of treatment to follow-up assessment 3.5 years later . substantial proportion of participants ( 41.80 % ) were able to maintain weight reductions of 5 % or greater from baseline to follow-up . Successful '' participants ( those who maintained losses of 5 % or greater at follow-up ) reported weighing themselves , self-monitoring their intake and calories , planning meals in advance , and choosing lower calorie foods with greater frequency than `` unsuccessful '' participants ( those who lost less than 5 % ) . , these findings indicate that a large proportion of participants were able to maintain clinically significant weight losses for multiple years after treatment , and that self-monitoring was a key component of successful long-term weight management ."
1389,Abstract #1389,"study sought to determine whether citrulline supplementation , a precursor to nitric oxide synthesis , is safe and efficacious in increasing plasma citrulline concentrations and decreasing the risk of postoperative pulmonary hypertension . children , undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and at risk for pulmonary hypertension , were randomized to receive 5 perioperative doses ( 1.9 g/m2 per dose ) of either oral citrulline or placebo . citrulline and arginine concentrations were measured at 5 time points . of systemic blood pressure and presence of pulmonary hypertension were collected . citrulline concentrations were significantly higher in the citrulline group versus the placebo group immediately postoperatively ( 36 micromol/L vs 26 micromol/L , P = .012 ) and at 12 hours postoperatively ( 37 micromol/L vs 20 micromol/L , P = .015 ) . plasma arginine concentrations were significantly higher in the citrulline group versus the placebo group by 12 hours postoperatively ( 36 micromol/L vs 23 micromol/L , P = .037 ) . systemic blood pressure did not differ between groups ( P = .53 ) . pulmonary hypertension developed in 9 patients , 6 of 20 ( 30 % ) in the placebo group and 3 of 20 ( 15 % ) in the citrulline group ( P = .451 ) , all of whom had plasma citrulline concentrations less than age-specific norms . pulmonary hypertension did not develop in patients who demonstrated plasma citrulline concentrations in excess of 37 mumol/L ( P = .036 ) . citrulline supplementation safely increased plasma citrulline and arginine concentrations compared with placebo after cardiopulmonary bypass . pulmonary hypertension did not occur in children with naturally elevated citrulline levels or elevations through supplementation . citrulline supplementation may be effective in reducing postoperative pulmonary hypertension ."
1390,Abstract #1390,"evaluated whether colostrum ( Col ) or an isocaloric and isonitrogenous blend of whey and casein in addition to creatine ( Cr ) affects body composition , muscular strength and endurance , and anaerobic performance during resistance training . resistance-trained subjects participated in a standardized 12-wk total body resistance training program . a double-blind and randomized manner , subjects supplemented their diet with a protein control ( Pro ) , Pro/Col , Pro/Cr , or Col/Cr . were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and provided 60 g/d of casein/whey ( Pro ) or Col as the protein source . 0 , 8 , and 12 wk of supplementation , subjects were weighed , had body composition determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) , performed one-repetition maximum ( 1RM ) and 80 % of 1RM tests on the bench press and leg press , and 30-s anaerobic sprint capacity tests . ( mean + / - SD ) were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and reported as raw data in all tables and as changes from baseline for all figures for the Pro , Pro/Col , Pro/Cr , and Col/Cr groups , respectively . training increased 1RM strength , muscular endurance , and anaerobic sprint capacity equally in all groups . main and interaction effects ( P < 0.05 ) were found for body mass , DXA total scanned mass , and fat-free mass ( FFM ; lean plus bone ) , whereas no changes ( P > 0.05 ) were noted for fat mass , percent fat , or bone content . hoc analysis showed that , compared with Pro , subjects ingesting Pro/Col , Pro/Cr , and Col/Cr showed greater gains in body mass and DXA total scanned mass . ingesting Pro/Cr and Col/Cr had greater increases in FFM during training in comparison with Pro/Col . conjunction with 12 wk of resistance training , ingestion of Col or a blend of whey and casein protein with a vitamin/mineral supplement containing Cr resulted in greater improvements in FFM in comparison with Pro and Pro/Col ."
1391,Abstract #1391,"clinical trial . outcomes of patients with low back pain receiving treatments matched or unmatched to their subgrouping based on initial clinical presentation . with `` nonspecific '' low back pain are often viewed as a homogeneous group , equally likely to respond to any particular intervention . have proposed methods for subgrouping patients as a means for determining the treatment most likely to benefit patients with particular characteristics . with low back pain of less than 90 days ' duration referred to physical therapy were examined before treatment and classified into one of three subgroups based on the type of treatment believed most likely to benefit the patient ( manipulation , stabilization exercise , or specific exercise ) . were randomly assigned to receive manipulation , stabilization exercises , or specific exercise treatment during a 4-week treatment period . was assessed in the short-term ( 4 weeks ) and long-term ( 1 year ) using the Oswestry . were made between patients receiving treatment matched to their subgroup , versus those receiving unmatched treatment . total of 123 patients participated ( mean age , 37.7 + / - 10.7 years ; 45 % female ) . receiving matched treatments experienced greater short - and long-term reductions in disability than those receiving unmatched treatments . 4 weeks , the difference favoring the matched treatment group was 6.6 Oswestry points ( 95 % CI , 0.70-12 .5 ) , and at long-term follow-up the difference was 8.3 points ( 95 % CI , 2.5-14 .1 ) . analysis of long-term outcomes yielded a similar result . low back pain should not be viewed as a homogenous condition . can be improved when subgrouping is used to guide treatment decision-making ."
1392,Abstract #1392,"explore the effect of acupuncture at HT7 on heart rate variability ( HRV ) in healthy volunteers . subjects were divided into four groups using a random number table . following groups of acupuncture interventions were used : HT7 verum acupuncture ; HT7 non-penetrating sham acupuncture ; acupuncture at a sham point ; and no acupuncture . was recorded 10min before , during and after each stimulation using an Actiheart ECG recorder . HT7 verum acupuncture group had higher very-low frequency , low frequency and high frequency components of HRV compared with the control groups during but not after acupuncture . HT7 verum acupuncture group also had higher SD of normal intervals compared with the sham needling and no acupuncture control groups . preliminary study suggests , subject to limitations , that acupuncture at HT7 could affect cardiac autonomic neural regulation in healthy subjects , manifest as increased HRV , most likely via the parasympathetic system . ."
1393,Abstract #1393,"assess the safety and immunogenicity of three doses of a five-valent ( types 6B , 23F , 14 , 18C , and 19F ) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PCV ) among children younger than 2 years who are and are not infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) . convenience sample of 18 HIV-infected children 2 years and younger ( mean , 12.9 months ) received three doses ( each separated by 2 months ) of PCV . additional convenience sample of 33 non-HIV-infected children of virtually identical age , race , and sex as the HIV-infected group were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive three doses of PCV or saline placebo . data were collected for 72 hours after each vaccination . were obtained before each and 1 month after the third vaccination to determine vaccine type-specific immunoglobulin G pneumococcal antibody titers by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . HIV - and 30 non-HIV-infected children completed the study . PCV was well tolerated by both HIV - and non-HIV-infected children . significant differences in local or systemic reactions were noted between HIV - and non-HIV-infected PCV or placebo recipients . doses of PCV were immunogenic , as evidenced by 16 - to 659-fold increases in type-specific geometric mean antibody titers over prevaccination levels in HIV - and non-HIV-infected children . respect to an arbitrary protective level , 78 % of the antibody titers from HIV-infected children and 88 % of the titers from non-HIV-infected children were 1.0 microgram/mL or greater 1 month after the third PCV dose . children with milder disease ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classes N1-2 , A1-2 , and B1 ) were more likely to have protective antibody titers after the first and second PCV doses than HIV-infected children with more advanced disease ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classes N3 , A3 , B2-3 , and C1-3 ) . , after the third PCV dose , these differences disappeared . doses of PCV seem safe and immunogenic in both HIV - and non-HIV-infected children younger than 2 years . type of vaccine should result in a marked reduction in systemic pneumococcal disease in both HIV - and non-HIV-infected children . the high incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected children , this vaccine may markedly improve the quality of life for this unfortunate group of children ."
1394,Abstract #1394,"differ as to what is more appropriate anesthetic technique for elderly patients undergoing ambulatory surgery . objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of spinal anesthesia with small-dose lidocaine and those of propofol general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing ambulatory prostate biopsy . ASA physical status I x II patients aged older than 65 year were randomized to receive either spinal anesthesia with 1 % hyperbaric lidocaine 1 ml ( 10 mg ) ( group L ) or general anesthesia with 1.0 mg x kg ( -1 ) of propofol injected at 180 mg x kg ( -1 ) x hr ( -1 ) followed by continuous infusion at 8 mg x kg ( -1 ) x hr ( -1 ) ( group P ) . higher incidences of intraoperative hypotension and respiratory depression were found in the group P compared with the group L ( P < 0.05 ) . were no major postoperative side effects , including transient neurologic symptoms and delirious sate , in either group . anesthetic techniques resulted in a high rate of patient satisfaction . perioperative costs were significantly lower in the group L compared with the group P ( P < 0.01 ) . anesthesia with 10 mg of hyperbaric 1 % lidocaine may be more preferable to propofol anesthesia in elderly patiens undergoing ambulatory prostate biopsy , with respect to safety and costs ."
1395,Abstract #1395,"aim of this study was to examine the impact of medical and psychological interventions on women 's distress after early miscarriage . was a prospective study of women attending for a routine scan at 10-14 weeks of gestation and found to have a missed miscarriage . intervention group of 66 women had medical investigations to ascertain the cause of miscarriage , and at 5 weeks after the scan , they all had a medical consultation to discuss the results of the investigations . 66 women were randomly allocated into a group which received further psychological counselling ( MPC , n = 33 ) , and a group which received no psychological counselling ( MC , n = 33 ) . were compared to a control group of 61 women who received no specific postmiscarriage counselling . participants completed preintervention and postintervention measures and 4-month follow-up questionnaires . scores on the outcome variables decreased significantly with time for all three groups . group MPC , compared to controls , there was a significantly greater decrease over time in the levels of grief , self-blame , and worry and , compared to MC group , a significantly greater decrease in grief and worry . group MC , compared to controls , there was a significantly greater decrease in self-blame . the MC and MPC groups , those with an identified cause of the miscarriage had significantly lower levels of anxiety and self-blame over time than those with a nonidentified cause . counselling , in addition to medical investigations and consultation , is beneficial in reducing women 's distress after miscarriage . , absence of an identifiable cause of miscarriage led to the maintenance of the initial anxiety levels , which should have otherwise decreased with time ."
1396,Abstract #1396,"compare the 24-h changes of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and mean ocular perfusion pressure ( MOPP ) obtained with tafluprost versus travoprost in patients with normal-tension glaucoma ( NTG ) . study is a randomized crossover study of 50 patients newly diagnosed with NTG who received either tafluprost or travoprost given once at 9 PM for 2 months , after which they were crossed over to the other medication for another 2 months . and blood pressure were measured for 24h before starting the treatment and after finishing the first and second treatment periods . patients completed the study . mean ( standard deviation ) 24-h IOP was 16.82.0 mmHg at baseline , 14.42.2 mmHg on tafluprost , and 13.61.8 mmHg on travoprost . prostaglandin monotherapies significantly reduced mean 24-h IOP as compared with baseline ( P < 0.001 , P < 0.001 , respectively ) , and travoprost demonstrated a lower mean 24-h IOP than tafluprost ( P = 0.044 ) . treatments significantly reduced the IOP from baseline at every point over 24h . 3 individual time points , travoprost provided a lower IOP than tafluprost : at 4 PM ( 13.82.7 vs. 14.82.6 mmHg , P = 0.041 ) , at 6 PM ( 13.52.5 vs. 14.42.5 mmHg , P = 0.006 ) , and at 8 PM ( 13.32.5 vs. 14.52.4 mmHg , P = 0.029 ) . tafluprost and travoprost significantly increased the 24-h MOPP ( P = 0.008 , P = 0.002 , respectively ) , and travoprost demonstrated a greater 24-h MOPP than tafluprost ( P = 0.027 ) . tafluprost and travoprost were effective in lowering IOP and increasing MOPP throughout 24h in NTG . , travoprost reduced IOP greater than tafluprost in the late afternoon and evening ."
1397,Abstract #1397,"investigate the therapeutic effect , long term survival and side effect on NSCLC patients treated with nadaplatin combined with paclitaxol and cisplatin combined with paclitaxol . patients with stage IIIB or IV were randomized into two groups in this prospective clinical study . group : nadaplatin 30 mg/m2 dl-3 , paclitaxol 175 mg/m2 dl , repeated every 4 weeks . group : DDP 30 mg/m2 dl-3 , paclitaxol 175 mg/m2 dl , repeated every 4 weeks . patients were enrolled and 57 were evaluable with 30 in TN group and 27 in TP group . overall response rate were 43.3 % vs. 48.1 % ( P = 0.716 ) , and the disease control rate were 86.7 % vs. 88.8 % in TN and TP group ( P = 0.799 ) , respectively . median survival time was 14.3 vs. 13.0 months , and the 1 - and 2-year survival rate was 62.5 % vs. 59.1 % , 0 % vs. 5.8 % in TN and TP group ( P = 0.839 ) , respectively . rates of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were similar in TN and TP groups whereas more patients in TP group than in TN group suffered from anemia ( 38.5 % vs. 17.5 % , P = 0.001 ) , nausea and vomiting ( 82.6 % vs. 35.6 % , P = 0.000 ) , fatigue ( 35.9 % vs. 14.1 % , P = 0.000 ) and peripheral neurotoxicity ( 50.0 % vs. 21.9 % , calculated by case , P = 0.023 ) . combined with paclitaxol is an effective treatment regimen for NSCLC patients . compared with similar regimen with cisplatin , the response rate and survival were similar ; however , nadaplatin regimen shows some superiority as regards some treatment side effect ."
1398,Abstract #1398,"infectious conjunctivitis is a common disorder in primary care . a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of topical antibiotics for the treatment of acute infectious conjunctivitis , most patients presenting in primary care with the condition receive topical antibiotics . The Netherlands , fusidic acid is most frequently prescribed . assess the effectiveness of fusidic acid gel compared to placebo for acute infectious conjunctivitis . randomised placebo-controlled trial . Dutch primary care centres . presenting with a red eye and either ( muco ) purulent discharge or glued eyelid ( s ) were allocated to either one drop of fusidic acid gel 1 % or placebo , four times daily during one week . main outcome measure was the difference in recovery rates at 7 days . outcome measures were difference in bacterial eradication rates , a survival time analysis of the duration of symptoms , and the difference in recovery rates in culture-positive and culture-negative patients . hundred and eighty-one patients were randomised and 163 patients were analysed . of the 73 patients in the treatment and 53 of the 90 patients in the placebo group recovered ( adjusted risk difference = 5.3 % [ 95 % confidence interval { CI } = -11 to 18 ] ) . was no difference between the median duration of symptoms in the two groups . baseline , the prevalence of a positive bacterial culture was 32 % ( 58/181 ) . bacterial eradication rate was 76 % in the treatment and 41 % in the placebo group ( risk difference = 35 % [ 95 % CI = 9.3 to 60.4 ] ) . culture positive patients , the treatment effect tended to be strong ( adjusted risk difference = 23 % [ 95 % CI = -6 to 42 ] ) . 7 days , cure rates in the fusidic acid gel and placebo group were similar , but the confidence interval was too wide to clearly demonstrate their equivalence . findings do not support the current prescription practices of fusidic acid by GPs ."
1399,Abstract #1399,"is effective at alleviating symptoms of chronic constipation in women . aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of 12 weeks of prucalopride treatment compared with placebo in men with chronic constipation . was a multicenter , stratified , randomized , parallel-group , double-blind , placebo-controlled , phase 3 study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier : NCT01147926 ) . primary end point was the proportion of patients with a mean of three or more spontaneous complete bowel movements ( SCBMs ) per week across the treatment period . end points were assessed using daily electronic diaries , global assessment of the severity of constipation and efficacy of treatment , and Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms ( PAC-SYM ) and Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life ( PAC-QOL ) questionnaires . total , 374 patients were enrolled in the study . more patients achieved a mean of three or more SCBMs per week in the prucalopride group ( 37.9 % ) than in the placebo group ( 17.7 % , P < 0.0001 ) . proportion of patients rating their constipation treatment as `` quite a bit '' to `` extremely '' effective at the final on-treatment visit was 46.7 and 30.4 % in the prucalopride and placebo groups , respectively . difference between treatment groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.0001 ) . proportion of patients with an improvement of at least 1 point in PAC-QOL satisfaction subscale score was 52.7 and 38.8 % in the prucalopride and placebo groups , respectively ( P = 0.0035 ) . had a good safety profile and was well tolerated . is effective , has a good safety profile , and is well tolerated for the treatment of men with chronic constipation ."
1400,Abstract #1400,"ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility . selection of first-line therapies for ovulation induction is empiric . aim of the study was to develop a clinically useful predictive model of live birth with varying ovulation induction methods . built four prognostic models from a large multicenter randomized controlled infertility trial of 626 women with PCOS performed at academic health centers in the United States to predict success of ovulation , conception , pregnancy , and live birth , evaluating the influence of patients ' baseline characteristics . was induced with clomiphene , metformin , or the combination of both for up to six cycles or conception . primary outcome of the trial was the rate of live births . free androgen index , baseline proinsulin level , interaction of treatment arm with body mass index , and duration of attempting conception were significant predictors in all four models . of a prior loss predicted ovulation and conception , but not pregnancy or live birth . modified Ferriman Gallwey hirsutism score of less than 8 was predictive of conception , pregnancy , and live birth ( although it did not predict ovulation success ) . was a divergent predictor based on outcome ; age greater than 34 predicted ovulation , whereas age less than 35 was a predictive factor for a successful pregnancy and live birth . history had no predictive value . live birth prediction chart developed from basic clinical parameters ( body mass index , age , hirsutism score , and duration of attempting conception ) may help physicians counsel and select infertility treatments for women with PCOS ."
1401,Abstract #1401,"evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on the breast . , controlled , randomized study . Menopause Clinic of the Second University of Naples . four women in spontaneous menopause without any risk factor for breast cancer were randomly allocated to three groups : 15 patients ( group A ) were treated with transdermal oestrogens 50 microg , 2 patches/week for 3 weeks per month , plus acetate nomegestrolo per os 5 mg/die for 12 days per cycle , 17 patients ( group B ) were treated with tibolone 2.5 mg/die . patients not given any medication represented the control group ( group C ) . the time of recruitment and after at least 12 months of therapy the patients were subjected to a questionnaire aimed at quantifying the slight , moderate or severe presence of the tension/mastodynia symptoms and to a mammographic test to assess the parenchymal pattern according to a quantitative method : type 1 ( less than 25 % of mammary gland covered by dense tissue ) , type 2 ( from 25 % to 75 % of total glandular area covered by dense tissue ) , type 3 ( more than 75 % of mammary parenchyma covered by dense tissue ) . analysis was carried out by means of Fisher 's exact test . at least 12 months of treatment in Group A 5 out of 15 patients ( 33 % ) showed a trend of increase in mammographic density not statistically significant ( P = 0.22 ) when compared with group B in which one patient showed a swift from type 1 to type 2 and another from type 2 to type 3 . analysis of tension/mastodynia symptoms revealed a significantly difference between the two groups ( P = 0.02 ) : in group A mastodynia appeared in three previously asymptomatic women and increased in five women , with a total increase in the symptomatology in 8 out of 15 patients ( 53.3 % ) , in group B only in one case ( 5 % ) mastodynia turned from slight to moderate . postmenopausal women oestroprogestogenic replacement therapy may be associated with an increase in mammographic density and with the onset or increase in mastodynia . the contrary tibolone does not seem to affect normostructured mammas and may be considered a first-rate replacement therapy in case of mammas showing particular density or benign mastopathies ."
1402,Abstract #1402,"compare the efficacy of alfentanil , remifentanil , and saline in minimizing the propofol injection pain . , double-blind study . hospital . ASA physical status I and II , adult female patients undergoing minor gynecological procedures with general anesthesia . patients were randomly allocated to one of four groups . received 2 mL ( 1 mg ) of alfentanil ( n = 43 ) , 2 mL of remifentanil 0.01 mg ( n = 43 ) , 2 mL of remifentanil 0.02 mg ( n = 45 ) , or 2 mL of saline ( n = 44 ) 30 seconds prior to administration 5 mL of propofol 1 % . were asked whether they had pain due to propofol injection . pain scores were evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale . the Postanesthesia Care Unit , frequency of postoperative nausea , vomiting , hypotension , and flushing were all determined . remifentanil and alfentanil groups showed significantly less frequency and severity of pain than the saline group ( p < 0.05 ) . the alfentanil group was compared with the remifentanil groups , significant differences in pain relief associated with injection of propofol ( p < 0.001 ) were noted . 0.02 mg relieved pain associated with injection of propofol more effectively than remifentanil 0.01 mg ( p < 0.001 ) . remifentanil and alfentanil groups showed significantly less frequency and severity of pain than did the saline group . was effective in preventing propofol injection pain , and should be used at a dose of at least 0.02 mg for this purpose . may be an alternative drug for prevention of propofol injection pain ."
1403,Abstract #1403,"propose a rehabilitation protocol able to produce immediate and long-term beneficial effects on level of disability and overall performance in ADLs . FM patients were randomized to an exercise and educational-behavioral programme group ( experimental group , EG = 21 ) or to a control group ( CG = 20 ) . subject was evaluated before , at the end ( T1 ) , and after 6 months ( T6 ) from the conclusion of the rehabilitation treatment using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ( FIQ ) , the visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , the Health Assessment Questionnaire ( HAQ ) , the fatigue severity scale ( FSS ) , the 6-minute walking test ( 6MWT ) , tender points count ( TPC ) , and spinal active range of motion . exercise protocol included 20 sessions consisting in self-awareness , stretching , strengthening , spine flexibility , and aerobic exercises , which patients were subsequently educated to perform at home . two groups were comparable at baseline . T1 , the EG showed a positive trend in FIQ , VAS , HAQ , and FSS scales and significant improvement in 6MWT and in most spinal active range of motion measurements ( P between 0.001 and 0.04 ) . positive results were maintained at the follow-up . proposed programme was well tolerated and produced immediate and medium-term beneficial effects improving function and strain endurance . trial is registered with DRKS00005071 on DRKS ."
1404,Abstract #1404,"randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials . evaluate the efficacy and safety of fampridine sustained-release tablets ( fampridine-SR ) 25mg twice daily for moderate-to-severe spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury ( SCI ) . States and Canada . with incomplete chronic SCI were randomized to twice daily fampridine-SR 25mg or placebo , with a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in , a 2-week titration , 12 weeks of stable dosing , 2 weeks of downward titration and 2 weeks of untreated follow-up . end points were the change from baseline , averaged over the double-blind treatment period , for Ashworth score ( bilateral knee flexors and extensors ) and a 7-point Subject Global Impression of treatment ( SGI ; 1 , terrible ; 7 , delighted ) . end points were : Penn Spasm Frequency Scale ; the motor/sensory score from the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI ; Clinician 's Global Impression of Change of neurological status ; and the International Index of Erectile Function ( men ) or the Female Sexual Function Index ( women ) . populations were 212 and 203 patients in the two studies , respectively . from baseline in Ashworth score were -0.15 ( placebo ) and -0.19 ( fampridine-SR ) in the first study , and -0.16 ( placebo ) and -0.28 ( fampridine-SR ) in the second study . between-treatment difference was not significant for either the Ashworth score or the SGI and , with few exceptions , neither were the secondary end points . was generally well tolerated ; treatment-emergent adverse events ( TEAEs ) and serious TEAEs were reported with similar frequency between treatments . was well tolerated . significant differences were observed between treatment groups for the primary end points of Ashworth score and SGI ."
1405,Abstract #1405,"development had allowed non-invasive assessment of microvascular function in vivo ; however , the method has not been fully optimized and standardized . this study , we aimed to characterize the `` effective '' occlusion duration needed to elicit sufficient postocclusive hyperemia ( PORH ) responses in forearm skin using laser Doppler fluximetry ( LDF ) , in subjects with differing age , gender and menstrual phases . total of 120 healthy subjects were studied ( 20 subjects each in the age ranges of 21-30 , 31-40 , 41-50 for both genders ) . subjects were randomized to receive 1 , 2 or 3 min occlusion on three study days . attended six study days : the first three days ( with different occlusion times ) were performed during low estrogenic phase of menstrual cycle and subsequent three visits were done during high estrogenic phase . perfusion was measured before , during and after occlusion using LDF . magnitude and temporal courses of PORH were expressed as PORH max ( absolute maximal increase in hyperemia perfusion ) and Tp ( time-to-peak ) , respectively . PORH max analysis , the occlusion duration should be applied based on one 's age , gender and menstrual phase . PORH responses were more consistent during high estrogenic phase with 2 min found as the `` effective '' occlusion duration in all female groups . Tp analysis , 3 min occlusion produced the significant change in all age ranges for both genders irrespective of menstrual phase . study revealed that for assessment of microvascular function using PORH+LDF model , the occlusion duration for PORH max is influenced by age , gender and menstrual phase . based on Tp is however independent of these factors ."
1406,Abstract #1406,"anesthesia in the prone position is associated with hypotension . studied stroke volume ( SV ) - directed administration of hydroxyethyl starch ( HES 130 kDa/0 .4 ) and Ringers acetate ( RAC ) in neurosurgical patients operated on in a prone position to determine the volumes required for stable hemodynamics and possible coagulatory effects . elective neurosurgical patients received either HES ( n = 15 ) or RAC ( n = 15 ) . positioning , SV measured by arterial pressure waveform analysis was maximized by fluid boluses until SV did not increase more than 10 % . was maintained by repeated administration of fluid . 3 ml/kg/h was infused in both groups . assessed coagulation . U test , Wilcoxon signed-rank test , ANOVA on ranks , and a linear mixed model were applied . hemodynamics were achieved with the mean cumulative ( SD ) boluses of HES or RAC 240 ( 51 ) or 267 ( 62 ) ml ( P = 0.207 ) before positioning , 340 ( 124 ) or 453 ( 160 ) ml ( P = 0.039 ) 30 min after positioning , and 440 ( 229 ) or 653 ( 368 ) ml at the end of surgery ( P = 0.067 ) . mean dose of basal RAC infusion was 813 ( 235 ) and 868 ( 354 ) ml ( P = 0.620 ) in the HES and RAC group , respectively . and maximum strength of the fibrin clot were decreased in the HES group . blood loss was comparable between groups ( P = 0.861 ) . amount of RAC needed in the prone position was 25 % greater . cumulative dose of 440 ml HES induced a slight disturbance in fibrin formation and clot strength . suggest cautious administration of HES during neurosurgery ."
1407,Abstract #1407,"triacylglycerols containing palmitic acid in the sn-2 position might impair insulin release and increase plasma glucose . used a cross-over designed feeding trial in 53 healthy Asian men and women ( 20-50 years ) to test this hypothesis by exchanging 20 % energy of palm olein ( PO ; control ) with randomly interesterified PO ( IPO ) or high oleic acid sunflower oil ( HOS ) . a 2-week run-in period on PO , participants were fed PO , IPO and HOS for 6 week consecutively in randomly allocated sequences . ( midpoint and endpoint ) and postprandial blood at the endpoint following a test meal ( 3.54 MJ , 14g protein , 85g carbohydrate and 50g fat as PO ) were collected for the measurement of C-peptide , insulin , glucose , plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 , lipids and apolipoproteins ; pre-specified primary and secondary outcomes were postprandial changes in C-peptide and plasma glucose . density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.3 mmol/l ( 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) ) 0.1 , 0.5 ; P < 0.001 ) lower on HOS than on PO or IPO as predicted , indicating good compliance to the dietary intervention . were no significant differences ( P = 0.58 ) between diets among the 10 male and 31 female completers in the incremental area under the curve ( 0-2h ) for C-peptide in nmol .120 min/l : GM ( 95 % CI ) were PO 220 ( 196 , 245 ) , IPO 212 ( 190 , 235 ) and HOS 224 ( 204 , 244 ) . glucose was 8 % lower at 2h on IPO vs PO and HOS ( both P < 0.05 ) . acid in the sn-2 position does not adversely impair insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis ."
1408,Abstract #1408,"programs could provide effective routes to increasing children 's physical activity and reducing screen-viewing . studies have reported difficulties in recruiting and retaining families in group parenting interventions . paper uses qualitative data from the Teamplay feasibility trial to examine parents ' views on recruitment , attendance and course refinement . interviews were conducted with 16 intervention and 10 control group parents of 6-8 year old children . discussed with the intervention group included parents ' views on the recruitment , structure , content and delivery of the course . discussed with the control group included recruitment and randomization . were digitally recorded , transcribed and thematically analyzed . parents in both the intervention and control group reported that they joined the study because they had been thinking about ways to improve their parenting skills , getting ideas on how to change behavior , or had been actively looking for a parenting course but with little success in enrolling on one . intervention and control group parents reported that the initial promotional materials and indicative course topics resonated with their experiences and represented a possible solution to parenting challenges . reported that the course leaders played an important role in helping them to feel comfortable during the first session , engaging anxious parents and putting parents at ease . most commonly reported reason for parents returning to the course after an absence was because they wanted to learn new information . majority of parents reported that they formed good relationships with the other parents in the group . empathetic interaction style in which leaders accommodated parent 's busy lives appeared to impact positively on course attendance . data presented indicate that a face-to-face recruitment campaign which built trust and emphasized how the program was relevant to families positively affected recruitment in Teamplay . found the parenting component of the intervention attractive and , once recruited , attendance was facilitated by enjoyable sessions , empathetic leaders and support from fellow participants . , data suggest that the Teamplay recruitment and retention approaches were successful and with small refinements could be effectively used in a larger trial ."
1409,Abstract #1409,"active antiretroviral therapy containing three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors has been somewhat successful , but the clinical efficacy is unclear . , controlled , open-label trial of 180 antiretroviral drug-naive HIV-infected patients allocated to a regimen of abacavir , stavudine and didanosine ( A/S/D , n = 60 ) , ritonavir and saquinavir ( R/S 400/400 mg twice daily ; n = 60 ) or nelfinavir and nevirapine ( N/N 1250/200 mg twice daily ; n = 60 ) ; the latter two in combination with lamivudine and zidovudine . primary endpoint was HIV plasma RNA < or = 20 copies/ml after 48 weeks . baseline , the median CD4 cell count was 161 x 106 cells/l ( range , 0-920 ) and the HIV RNA was 5.0 log10 copies/ml ( range , 2.7-6 .7 ) . 48 weeks , 43 % in the A/S/D arm had a HIV RNA < or = 20 copies/ml , compared with 69 % in the N/N arm ( P < 0.01 ) and 62 % in the R/S arm ( P < 0.05 ) . a multivariate analysis , the A/S/D arm had an odds ratio of obtaining a viral load of < or = 20 copies/ml at week 48 of 0.25 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.10-0 .59 ] versus N/N and 0.53 ( 95 % CI , 0.33-0 .83 ) versus R/S . A/S/D arm had a particularly poor outcome in patients with higher viral load and AIDS at baseline : 63 % had to discontinue A/S/D ( any drug ) . effects were more frequent in the A/S/D arm and included neuropathy 27 % , suspicion of hypersensitivity 12 % , and increase in lactate accompanied by systemic symptoms 8 % . A/S/D regimen had a low efficacy and a high frequency of adverse events and can not be recommended ."
1410,Abstract #1410,"large metropolitan teaching hospital within The Northern Clinical School , University of Sydney . assess whether students taught by trained patients ( Patient Partners ) acquire the same levels of competence in musculoskeletal examination skills for arthritis as students taught by Consultant Rheumatologists . four medical students in a six-year Undergraduate Medical Programme . randomized to eight tutorial groups were taught musculoskeletal examination skills in a 75-90 minute tutorial . groups were taught by Consultants with an untrained patient present and four groups were taught by Patient Partners . ' mean self-ratings of skill before and after their tutorial were summed . both groups , self-ratings before the tutorial were similar . the tutorial both groups showed substantial gains in levels of skill . Partners ' ratings of students ' taught by either Consultants or Partners were comparable . Partners are at least equal to Consultant Rheumatologists in the teaching of musculoskeletal examination techniques for arthritis ."
1411,Abstract #1411,"summarize the clinical changing characters of the clinical markers after interferon treatment in chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ) and make out practical indexes to predict the effect . CHB patients were randomly divided into two groups : therapeutic group ( 90 ) and control group ( 60 ) in the prospective controlled trial . levels of endogenous interferon before treatment , interferon antibody at the end of the second month and fourth month after treatment , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) and HBV DNA in the serum were detected . the data was analysed to find out indexes for predicting the effect . 1 ) The clearance rate of HBeAg had no significant difference in age except for 20 - 30 and 30 - 40 ( t > 2.331 2 , P < 0.01 ) . 2 ) It was more effective if ALT level was higher than 400 U/L before treatment and it decreased more than 50 % two months after treatment . 3 ) The patients whose HBV DNA was negative ( dot hybridization ) or less than 10 ( 6 ) copies/ml before treatment had higher rate of HBeAg clearance . 4 ) There was no effect on patients whose interferon antibody turned positive at the end of the second month . 5 ) A predictive method of comprehensive factors was made out , whose sensitivity , specificity , and accuracy were 80 % , 100 % and 90 % , respectively . clinical characters of these Chinese patients are different from those of the westerners and the effects of interferon have close relation to the levels of ALT , HBV DNA and interferon antibody ."
1412,Abstract #1412,"therapeutic mechanisms of ribavirin for hepatitis C are unclear . analyses have shown that ribavirin increases induction of interferon-stimulated genes . evaluated viral kinetics , serum cytokine expression , and viral mutagenesis during early stages of peginterferon therapy with and without ribavirin . patients with chronic hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection genotype 1 were randomly assigned to groups that were given peginterferon alpha-2a , with or without ribavirin , for 4 weeks ; all patients then received an additional 44 weeks of combination therapy . - and second-phase viral kinetics were evaluated . levels of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 ( IP10 ) , monokine induced by interferon-gamma , and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were quantified as measures of the interferon-stimulated genes response . and NS5B were partially sequenced , and mutation rates were calculated . first-phase decrease in HCV RNA was similar between groups . who received ribavirin had a more rapid second-phase decrease , compared with patients who did not receive ribavirin-particularly those with an adequate first-phase decrease ( 0.61 vs 0.35 log10 IU/mL/week ; P = .018 ) . 12 hours , fold induction of serum IP10 was higher in patients given the combination therapy than those given peginterferon only ( 7.6 - vs 3.8-fold ; P = .01 ) ; however , the difference was greatest in patients with an adequate first-phase decrease in HCV RNA . correlated with first - and second-phase kinetics and with ribavirin serum concentrations on day 3 . mutation rates were similar between groups . improves the kinetics of the early response to therapy in patients with an adequate initial response to peginterferon . of interferon-stimulated cytokines correlates with viral kinetics following ribavirin therapy , suggesting that ribavirin promotes interferon signaling ."
1413,Abstract #1413,"compare a mindfulness-based intervention with cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) for the group treatment of anxiety disorders . hundred five veterans ( 83 % male , mean age = 46 years , 30 % minority ) with one or more DSM-IV anxiety disorders began group treatment following randomization to adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) or CBT . groups showed large and equivalent improvements on principal disorder severity thru 3-month follow up ( ps < .001 , d = -4.08 for adapted MBSR ; d = -3.52 for CBT ) . outperformed adapted MBSR on anxious arousal outcomes at follow up ( p < .01 , d = .49 ) whereas adapted MBSR reduced worry at a greater rate than CBT ( p < .05 , d = .64 ) and resulted in greater reduction of comorbid emotional disorders ( p < .05 , d = .49 ) . adapted MBSR group evidenced greater mood disorders and worry at Pre , however . showed equivalent treatment credibility , therapist adherence and competency , and reliable improvement . and adapted MBSR were both effective at reducing principal diagnosis severity and somewhat effective at reducing self-reported anxiety symptoms within a complex sample . was more effective at reducing anxious arousal , whereas adapted MBSR may be more effective at reducing worry and comorbid disorders ."
1414,Abstract #1414,"for bone malignancy is associated with intense postoperative pain . epidural analgesia ( PCEA ) and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia ( IV-PCA ) are used currently for postoperative pain control . degree of pain control after resection of bone malignancy under combined general and epidural anesthesia followed postoperatively by prospectively randomized PCEA ( ropivacaine 3.2 mg + fentanyl 8 microg/dose ) or IV-PCA ( morphine 2 mg/dose ) ( n = 35/group ) was assessed . analgesia delivery continued for up to 96 h ; intramuscular rescue with diclofenac 75 mg was also available . mean hourly pain score among the PCEA patients was 3.0 + / - 0.9 , compared with 4.7 + / - 0.6 ( P < .01 ) among the IV-PCA patients . mean hourly pain scores in the PCEA patients , except for the first 2 hours of treatment , were less than 4/10 , but they were higher in the IV-PCA patients . demand for diclofenac was 2 times ( n = 10 ) lower for the PCEA patients , compared with their IV counterparts ( n = 20 , P < .01 ) ; the same difference applied to the overall side effects ( n = 15 vs n = 30 , P < .01 ) . wakefulness and feelings of well-being were better in the PCEA patients . ropivacaine + fentanyl via PCEA reduces pain better and affords better subjective feelings than IV morphine via PCA after resection of bone malignancy carried out under combined general and epidural anesthesia ."
1415,Abstract #1415,"Airshower ( AA ) is a novel non-pharmaceutical treatment for patients with perennial allergic asthma that uses a laminar airflow directed to the breathing zone of patients during sleep . has been shown that AA treatment in addition to optimized standard therapy significantly increases asthma-related quality of life among adolescent asthmatics . , the cost-effectiveness of AA treatment has not yet been assessed . reimbursement decisions are increasingly guided by results from the cost-effectiveness analysis , such information is valuable for health-care policy-makers . objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of adding AA treatment with allergen-free air during night sleep to optimized standard therapy for adolescents with perennial allergic asthma compared with placebo . probabilistic Markov model was developed to estimate costs and health outcomes over a 5-year period . and effects are presented from a Swedish health-care perspective ( QALYs ) . main outcome of interest was cost per QALY gained . Airshower strategy resulted in a mean gain of 0.25 QALYs per patient , thus yielding a cost per QALY gained of under euro35 000 as long as the cost of Airshower is below euro8200 . AA treatment to optimized standard therapy for adolescents with perennial allergic asthma compared with placebo is generating additional QALYs at a reasonable cost . , further studies taking more detailed resource use and events such as exacerbations into account would be needed to fully evaluate the cost-effectiveness of AA treatment ."
1416,Abstract #1416,"randomized controlled trials with high internal validity , pharmacotherapy using acamprosate , naltrexone , and , to a somewhat lesser extent , disulfiram has proved effective in preventing relapse in patients with alcohol use disorders ( AUD ) . remains , however , a paucity of studies with sufficient external validity in which the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in clinical practice is investigated . study aimed to make a contribution to close this gap in research . this naturalistic , prospective study , a comparison on indices of substance use , psychiatric symptoms , and treatment service utilization was carried out using samples of 92 patients who received pharmacotherapy and 323 patients who did not receive pharmacotherapy following discharge from 12 residential AUD programmes ( index stay ) . that received pharmacotherapy were more likely to use alcohol during the index stay and at the 1-year follow-up . , this patient group more readily utilized treatment services during a 2-year period prior to and a 1-year period following index stay than patients who were not given pharmacotherapy . , when pharmacotherapy was prescribed before first post-treatment alcohol use , it was associated with delay of alcohol use , fewer relapses , and a reduced need for inpatient treatment . many cases , however , medication was not prescribed until alcohol use and relapse had occurred . length of time to first alcohol use was longer , and the cumulative abstinence rate higher , for disulfiram than for acamprosate , the latter being generally prescribed for more severely alcohol-dependent patients . is a need for further studies to probe the reasons why medication for relapse prevention is not prescribed upon discharge from residential treatment and for less severely alcohol-dependent patients ."
1417,Abstract #1417,"modifications and methods for gallbladder dissection to minimize the risk of gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC ) are described . authors aimed to investigate the effects of gallbladder aspiration during LC on the operative and postoperative course of patients . this study , 200 patients undergoing LC for symptomatic cholelithiasis were randomly divided into two groups . were aspirated before dissection in group A ( n = 100 ) , and they were not aspirated in group B ( n = 100 ) . and postoperative data on the patients were collected . rate of gallbladder perforation was significantly lower in group A than in group B ( p = 0.0003 ) . operative time was significantly shorter in group A ( 46.70 + / - 15.93 min ) than in group B ( 60.75 + / - 22.09 min ) ( p = 0.047 ) . complications were more numerous in group B. hospital stay was significantly longer in group B ( 1.55 + / - 0.81 days ) than in group A ( 1.3 + / - 0.5 days ; p = 0.004 ) . findings demonstrate the advantages of gallbladder aspiration in elective cases ."
1418,Abstract #1418,"explore the effective therapy of female overactive bladder unresponsive to behavior training . total of 67 patients with female overactive bladder unresponsive to behavior training were enrolled from January 2012 to January 2013 at Liaocheng Second People 's Hospital . were randomized into trial and control groups ( Iand II ) . mean age was 39.8 ( 19-57 ) years . the mean disease course was 3.8 ( 1-16 ) years . trial group ( n = 24 ) received oral formulations of solifenacin succinate ( 5 mg , once a day ) and naftopidil ( 25 mg , every evening ) . control group I ( n = 22 ) had only solifenacin succinate and the control group II ( n = 21 ) only naftopidil . treatment lasted for 4 weeks . time of urination per day , average amount of mona-urination and maximum amount of mona-urination were observed . changes of all parameters before and after treatment were assessed . statistic analysis was performed . urinary urgency score of the trial , control group I and control II groups were 0.8 0.1 , 1.8 0.8 , 2.1 0.9 ; and the times of urination per day 9 4 , 13 4 , 14 5 , average amount of mona-urination ( 295 79 ) , ( 211 67 ) , ( 185 64 ) ml and maximum amount of mona-urination ( 352 88 ) , ( 292 75 ) , ( 235 69 ) ml respectively . parameters showed significant differences between the trial and control groups ( all P < 0.05 ) . combination of solifenacin succinate and naftopidil can effectively relieve the symptoms of female overactive bladder and improve the life quality ."
1419,Abstract #1419,"therapeutic efficacy of adding lithium to an ongoing antidepressant in resistant depression is well known . there is less data concerning the efficacy of giving lithium and antidepressant concurrently from the start of treatment . primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a combination of clomipramine + lithium ( C+L ) with that of clomipramine + placebo ( C+P ) in-patients with unipolar major depression , during the first 11 days of treatment . objectives were the assessment of effectiveness after 6 weeks and assessment of the safety of the combination clomipramine and lithium carbonate . and C+P groups were compared for 6 weeks in a multicenter randomized trial of 141 patients hospitalized with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression . was evaluated using the standard MADRS and CGI scales . of the ` as treatment ITT ' population showed : the percentage reduction in MADRS scores between D0 and D11 in this population was better in the C+L group but not statistically significant ( C+L : 32.1 vs. C+P : 27.4 , P = 0.07 ) . , the comparison of mean MADRS scores showed a significant difference in the C+L group on days 4 ( C+L : 25.1 vs. C+P : 27.8 ) and 7 ( C+L : 18.6 vs. C+P : 21.5 ) , P < 0.05 , and approaching significance on day 11 ( C+L : 14.6 vs. C+P 17.2 , P = 0.054 ) . day 7 , the number of patients in total remission was threefold higher in the C+L group than in the C+P group ( 15 vs. 4 % , P < 0.05 ) and twofold on day 11 ( 29 vs. 14 % , P < 0.05 ) . severity score showed C+L was superior to C+P on days 4 , 7 and 11 and CGI improvement score was better in C+L group on day 11 ( P < 0.05 ) . 6 weeks of treatment no statistical difference was found between the two groups from the clinical point of view . based upon clinical and laboratory parameters was satisfactory in both groups during the 6 weeks of the study . with bipolar disorder , previously treated with clomipramine or with any other mood stabilizers during the previous week ; or with suicide attempt during the current episode with a score > or = 3 for item 10 of the MADRS were excluded from the study . results of this study suggests that lithium slightly to moderately potentiates antidepressant treatment in unipolar non-refractory patients with severe major depression in the first days of treatment but not as significantly as for the bipolar population ."
1420,Abstract #1420,"anatomic approach of left atrial radiofrequency circumferential ablation ( LACA ) to encircle the pulmonary veins is often effective in eliminating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( AF ) . , no electrophysiological end points other than voltage abatement and/or conduction slowing or block across ablation lines have been used . has been unclear whether noninducibility of AF is a clinically useful end point . 100 patients with paroxysmal AF ( mean age , 55 + / -10 years ) , LACA to encircle the left - and right-sided pulmonary veins was performed during AF , with additional ablation lines in the posterior left atrium and mitral isthmus , with an 8-mm-tip catheter . completion of this lesion set , sinus rhythm was present , and AF lasting > 60 seconds was not inducible in 40 patients ( 40 % ; group 1 ) . 60 patients in whom AF was still present or who still had inducible AF were randomly assigned to no further ablation ( group 2 ; 30 patients ) or to additional ablation lines along the left atrial septum , roof , and/or anterior wall where there were fractionated electrograms ( group 3 ; 30 patients ) . group 3 , AF was rendered noninducible in 27 of 30 patients ( 90 % ) . a 6-month follow-up , 67 % of patients in group 2 were free of AF without drug therapy compared with 86 % of patients in group 3 . P = 0.05 , log-rank test ) . atrial flutter occurred in 17 % and 27 % of patients in each group , respectively ( P = 0.3 ) . LACA in patients with paroxysmal AF , AF usually can be rendered noninducible by additional ablation at sites of fractionated electrograms . of AF attained by additional electrogram-guided left atrial ablation may be associated with a better midterm clinical outcome than when AF is still inducible after LACA alone ."
1421,Abstract #1421,"compare the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol administered 6 or 12 hourly for second trimester pregnancy termination . randomised controlled trial . teaching hospital . hundred and seventy-nine pregnant women at gestations between 14 and 26 weeks undergoing pregnancy termination . were randomised to receive 600-microg misoprostol tablets vaginally either every 6 hours or every 12 hours until abortion occurred . interval , success rate within 24 and 48 hours and adverse effects . was no significant difference in the median induction to abortion interval 6 hours ( 16 hours ) and 12 hours ( 16 hours ; P = 0.80 ) . total dose of misoprostol was higher in the 6-hour group ( 1800 vs 1200 microg ) . cumulative abortion rates within 24 hours were 74 % and 67 % and within 48 hours 94 % and 92 % , in the 6 - and 12-hour groups , respectively . was more common in the 6-hour group ( 53 % ) versus the 12-hour group ( 31 % ; P < 0.001 ) . incidence of nausea , vomiting , diarrhoea , severe bleeding and abdominal pain were similar . ( 600 microg ) administered at 12-hour intervals was associated with fewer adverse effects and was as effective as a 6-hour interval ."
1422,Abstract #1422,"investigate the effect of instrument-delivered compared with traditional manual-delivered thrust chiropractic adjustments in the treatment of sacroiliac joint syndrome . , randomized , comparative clinical trial . patients with sacroiliac syndrome were randomized into two groups of 30 subjects . subject received 4 chiropractic adjustments over a 2-week period and was evaluated at 1-week follow-up . group received side-posture , high-velocity , low-amplitude chiropractic adjustments ; the other group received mechanical-force , manually-assisted chiropractic adjustments using an Activator Adjusting Instrument ( Activator Methods International , Ltd , Phoenix , Ariz ) . significant differences between groups were noted at the initial consultation for any of the outcome variables . significant improvements were observed in both groups from the first to third , third to fifth , and first to fifth consultations for improvements ( P < .001 ) in mean numerical pain rating scale 101 ( group 1 , 49.1-23 .4 ; group 2 , 48.9-22 .5 ) , revised Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire ( group 1 , 37.4-18 .5 ; group 2 , 36.6-15 .1 ) , orthopedic rating score ( group 1 , 7.6-0 .6 ; group 2 , 7.5-0 .8 ) , and algometry measures ( group 1 , 4.8-6 .5 ; group 2 , 5.0-6 .8 ) for first to last visit for both groups . results indicate that a short regimen of either mechanical-force , manually-assisted or high-velocity , low-amplitude chiropractic adjustments were associated with a beneficial effect of a reduction in pain and disability in patients diagnosed with sacroiliac joint syndrome . mechanical-force , manually-assisted nor high-velocity , low-amplitude adjustments were found to be more effective than the other in the treatment of this patient population ."
1423,Abstract #1423,"endpoints based on reduced clinical worsening represent clinically relevant and realistic goals for patients suffering from progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . from 906 patients ( 388 receiving placebo ; 518 receiving donepezil ) with mild-to-moderate AD [ Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) score 10-27 ] were pooled from 3 randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled studies . worsening was defined as decline in ( 1 ) cognition ( MMSE ) , ( 2 ) cognition and global ratings ( Clinician 's Interview-Based Impression of Change plus Caregiver Input/Gottfries-Brne-Steen scale ) or ( 3 ) cognition , global ratings and function ( various functional measures ) . week 24 , lower percentages of donepezil-treated patients than placebo patients met the criteria for clinical worsening , regardless of the definition . odds of declining were significantly reduced for donepezil-treated versus placebo patients ( p < 0.0001 ; all definitions ) . patients meeting criteria for clinical worsening , mean declines in MMSE scores were greater for placebo than donepezil-treated patients . this population , donepezil treatment was associated with reduced odds of clinical worsening of AD symptoms . , patients worsening on donepezil were likely to experience less cognitive decline than expected if left untreated . suggests that AD patients showing clinical worsening on donepezil may still derive benefits compared with placebo/untreated patients ."
1424,Abstract #1424,"evaluate the overall benefits of non-taxane chemotherapies in a non-selected population including unfit patients presenting with symptoms and pain . randomized phase II study reports data from 92 patients ( 52 % > 70 years old ; 40 % with a performance score of 2 ) previously treated with taxane-based chemotherapy , collected from 15 centres in France . received i.v. mitoxantrone ( MTX ) , oral vinorelbine , or oral etoposide , together with oral prednisone . benefit ( pain response without progression of the disease ) , biological and tumoural responses , and toxicity profile as well as geriatric assessment ( in elderly population ) were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis . palliative response rate was 17 % for the whole population , and reached 29 % when considering the MTX arm . control was achieved in 40 % of the patients . median overall survival was 10.4 months , and was longer in palliative responders . grade 3-4 toxicities were observed . subgroup analysis of elderly patients showed similar results regarding the number and dose intensity of treatments , efficacy and safety . a population including frail and/or elderly patients , who are poorly represented in most clinical studies , non-taxane chemotherapy may remain a relevant option for metastatic prostate cancer having relapsed after a docetaxel-based regimen . new treatment options are now approved , the decision-making process should take into account their expected benefit/risk ratio based on the patient status ."
1425,Abstract #1425,"evaluate the risk of hypotony and hypotony maculopathy following trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) and mitomycin C ( MMC ) in a black West African population . hundred and one eyes of black Ghanaian patients with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma received intraoperative antifibrotic therapy with trabeculectomy as part of two randomized clinical trials . , 57 patients received 5-FU ( 50.0 mg/ml for 5 minutes ) and 44 received MMC ( 0.5 mg/ml for 3.5 minutes ) . cases were performed by one of five surgeons at a single outpatient surgery center . of 101 eyes had a final intraocular pressure ( IOP ) of less than 5 mm Hg and were thus classified as having hypotony . patient in either group was noted to develop hypotony-related maculopathy . mean pre - and postoperative IOPs were 30.1 and 15.9 mm Hg , respectively . patients receiving intraoperative MMC had a lower mean postoperative IOP ( 14.7 mm Hg ) than those receiving 5-FU ( first study , 17.1 mm Hg ; second study , 16.7 mm Hg ; p = 0.05 ) . overall follow-up was 17.7 months and did not differ significantly between the MMC and combined 5-FU groups . following trabeculectomy supplemented with antifibrotic agents is a rare complication in this population . eyes in either clinical trial developed hypotony maculopathy , suggesting that the prevalence of this condition is substantially lower in black West Africans than in whites ."
1426,Abstract #1426,"study aims to investigate two different distraction methods , distraction cards and kaleidoscope , on pain and anxiety relief of children during phlebotomy . study is a prospective , randomized and controlled trial . sample consisted of 7-11 year-old children who required blood tests . were randomized into three groups : the distraction cards group , the kaleidoscope group , and the control group . were obtained by interviewing the children with their parents and the observer before and after the procedure . pain levels of the children were assessed by the parent and observer reports as well as self report using the Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale . anxiety levels of children were assessed by parent and observer reports using Children Fear Scale . hundred and eighty-eight children ( mean age , 8.81.5 years ) were included . pain levels of children showed significant differences among the groups ( p = .005 ) . the distraction card group ( 2.412.49 ) and the kaleidoscope group ( 3.102.16 ) had lower pain levels than the control group did ( 4.443.64 ) . distraction card group had the lowest pain levels ( 2.412.49 ) among all groups . procedural anxiety levels of children were significantly different among the groups ( p = < .001 ) . the distraction card group ( 1.101.20 ) and the kaleidoscope group ( 1.611.12 ) had lower anxiety levels than the control group did ( 2.411.30 ) . distraction card group had the lowest anxiety levels ( p = < .001 ) . distraction cards were the most effective method for pain and anxiety relief of children during phlebotomy . the distraction method with kaleidoscope was an effective method for pain and anxiety relief during phlebotomy in children ."
1427,Abstract #1427,"disparities in access and quality of mental health care for Latinos indicate a need for evidence-based , culturally adapted , and outside-the-clinic-walls treatments . treatment effectiveness of telephone ( ECLA-T ) or face-to-face ( ECLA-F ) delivery of a 6-8 session cognitive behavioral therapy and care management intervention for low-income Latinos , as compared to usual care for depression . randomized controlled trial . community health clinics in Boston , Massachusetts and San Juan , Puerto Rico . Latino patients recruited from primary care between May 2011 and September 2012 . primary outcome was severity of depression , assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-20 . secondary outcome was functioning over the previous 30 days , measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule ( WHO-DAS 2.0 ) . telephone and face-to-face versions of the Engagement and Counseling for Latinos ( ECLA ) were more effective than usual care . effect sizes of both intervention conditions on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were moderate when combined data from both sites are analyzed ( 0.56 and 0.64 for face-to-face and telephone , respectively ) . , effect sizes of ECLA-F and ECLA-T on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist were quite large in the Boston site ( 0.64 and 0.73 . ) but not in Puerto Rico ( 0.10 and 0.03 ) . intervention appears to help Latino patients reduce depressive symptoms and improve functioning . particular importance is the higher treatment initiation for the telephone versus face-to-face intervention ( 89.7 % vs. 78.8 % ) , which suggests that telephone-based care may improve access and quality of care ."
1428,Abstract #1428,"evaluate the effectiveness , comfort , and ease of use of insulin pen injections with a 31-gauge , 8-mm needle . 50 study subjects ( 24 patients with type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes and 26 insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes ) , we assessed the delivery of insulin , residual insulin leakage , glycemic control , plunger depression pressure , and perceived pain associated with the B-D 31-gauge , 8-mm pen needles in comparison with the B-D conventional 30-gauge , 8-mm pen needles , while the patient used their own insulin pens ( Novo or B-D ) . study subjects injected their usual dose of regular and NPH insulin using the 30-gauge , 8-mm needle during the first 3 weeks of the study . period was followed by two 3-week crossover segments of the study with either needle assigned in random sequence . statistically significant differences were noted in glycemic control or perceived pain of injection between the two needles . interaction between the two needles and the two insulin pen brands on glycemic control was not statistically significant . depression pressure increased with the increase in the gauge of the needle and with increases in size of dose of injected insulin ( P < 0.01 ) . pen users reported lower plunger pressure ratings in comparison with Novo pen users ( P < 0.01 ) , regardless of the needle type and dose range . the insulin pen type and the needle type individually had statistically significant ( P < 0.01 ) effects on the residual insulin leakage from the needle tip after injection ; however , their interaction was not statistically significant . doses greater than 30 units were associated with increased leakage ( P < 0.01 ) . needle retention time decreased , residual insulin leakage from the needle tip after injection increased ( P < 0.01 ) , regardless of the needle used . 31-gauge insulin pen needles are safe and effective for the delivery of insulin . both 30-gauge and 31-gauge needles , attention to injection technique is essential to ensure complete delivery of insulin , particularly with administration of large doses ."
1429,Abstract #1429,"studied the impact of changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD ) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ( 1,25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ) on regulatory T lymphocytes ( Tregs ) in patients with chronic pancreatitis ( CP ) and fat malabsorption in a prospective clinical trial . patients were randomized to 1 of 3 treatments during 10 weeks : weekly UV-B in a tanning bed ( group A ) , 1520-IU/d vitamin D supplement ( group B ) , or placebo ( group C ) . placebo tanning bed was used in groups B and C. determined the levels of CD4 Tregs ( CD3 ( + ) CD4 ( + ) CD25 ( + ) CD127 ( low ) FoxP3 ( + ) ) and CD8 ( + ) Tregs ( CD3 ( + ) CD8 ( + ) CD25 ( + ) CD127 ( low ) FoxP3 ( + ) ) , together with 25OHD and 1,25 ( OH ) 2D . baseline comparisons , we included 8 healthy individuals . the 30 included patients , 27 ( group A , 7 patients ; group B , 9 patients ; and group C , 11 patients ) completed the protocol . baseline levels of CD4 ( + ) Tregs relative to total CD4 ( + ) count were higher in 22 patients with CP compared with healthy controls ( 2.8 % vs 1.9 % , P < 0.05 ) and were comparable for CD8 + Tregs ( 0.13 % vs 0.05 % , P = 0.3 ) . in levels of CD4 ( + ) Tregs correlated to changes in 1,25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ( 2 % per 100 pmol/L , P = 0.002 ) and 25OHD ( 3 % per 100 nmol/L , P = 0.01 ) . with CP have elevated relative levels of CD4 ( + ) Tregs . in 25OHD and 1,25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D were both related with increases in levels of Tregs ."
1430,Abstract #1430,"compare the detection and assessment of progression of visual field defects in primary open-angle glaucoma with manual suprathreshold perimetry on Goldmann perimeter and automated static threshold perimetry on Humphery visual field ( HVF ) analyzer . eyes of 54 patients of primary open-angle glaucoma were followed up with 3-monthly perimetry on Goldmann perimeter and HVF analyzer , for a period of 9 months . analyzer picked up visual field defects in 48 ( 46 % ) eyes whereas Goldmann perimeter picked up visual field defects in 26 ( 25 % ) eyes . analyzer demonstrated progression in 14 eyes whereas Goldmann perimeter detected progression in 7 eyes during follow up of 9 months . analyzer is superior to Goldmann perimeter to document and to demonstrate progression of visual field defects in primary open-angle glaucoma ."
1431,Abstract #1431,"studies have found that routine screening for depression does not improve patient outcome unless it is combined with case management . , these studies were conducted before the widespread use of SSRIs or in settings other than traditional primary care . study investigated whether screening for depressive symptoms improves outcomes for depressed patients seen in rural fee-for-service primary care offices . screening was conducted at 2 private rural clinics in Iowa using the PHQ-9 . with depressive symptoms were randomized to the control group or the intervention group , where providers were given completed PHQ-9 questionnaires at the baseline visit . outcome PHQ-9 scores were assessed by telephone at 4 , 10 , and 24 weeks after the index visit . total of 861 patients were screened for depressive symptoms ; 51 subjects enrolled in the trial . intervention and control groups did not significantly differ with respect to changes in PHQ-9 scores at any of the 3 follow-up times . also did not differ with respect to the proportion of subjects who were actively managed with medication or by referral to a mental health specialist : 46 % vs 33 % ( P = .38 ) for all subjects and 50 % vs 50 % ( P = .96 ) for subjects with major depression at baseline . for depressive symptoms with the PHQ-9 in 2 rural medical clinics did not significantly increase physicians ' active management of depression or lead to improved patient outcomes ."
1432,Abstract #1432,"variation in physical activity levels in a cohort of postmenopausal women participating in a single site clinical trial undergoing lifestyle intervention was investigated before and after lifestyle intervention . were Caucasian and African American women ( mean age = 57.0 + / - 3.0 yr ) from the Women on the Move through Activity and Nutrition study . activity was measured subjectively by questionnaire ( past week and past year ) and objectively by pedometer at the baseline and at the 18-month follow-up . baseline , before intervention , pedometer steps were highest in the summer months ( 7616 steps per day ) , lower in the fall ( 6293 steps per day ) , lowest in winter ( 5304 steps per day ) , and then rebounded in the spring ( 5850 steps per day ) . activity estimates from the past-week subjective measure followed the same seasonal pattern . 18 months , the lifestyle change group significantly increased their pedometer step counts when compared with the health education group ( P < 0.0001 ) . 18 months , pedometer step counts for the health education group appeared to fluctuate from month to month , whereas month-to-month step counts for the lifestyle change group appeared to remain consistent throughout the year . results confirm previous reports that suggest physical activity levels fluctuate throughout the year . intervention , which includes a physical activity component , not only increases step counts but appears to reduce some of variation in physical activity levels over the course of a year in postmenopausal women ."
1433,Abstract #1433,"observe the effects of different maintain doses of Dexmedetomidine on plasma cortisol and glucose during anesthesia recovery period in patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty under sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia . this prospective , randomized , double-blind study , 120 ASA I and II patients undergoing selective uvulopalatopharyngoplasty under general anesthesia were included . patients were randomly allocated to three groups ( n = 40 ) : Dexmedetomidine low maintain dose group ( D1 ) , Dexmedetomidine high maintain dose group ( group D2 ) and control group ( group C ) . Dexmedetomidine groups and control group were given Dexmedetomidine 1 microg/kg and normal saline in 20 ml within 15 min just before induction of anesthesia . Dexmedetomidine were maintained at 0.2 microg x kg ( -1 ) x h ( -1 ) and 0.7 microg x kg ( -1 ) x h ( -1 ) in group D1 and group D2 and were withdrawed 5 min before the end of operation , the same maintained speed of normal saline was given in group C. BIS value was maintained at 40-60 by adjusting the inhaled concentration of sevoflurane . was withdrawed 10 min before the end of operation . , plasma cortisol concentration and blood glucose was needed to be detected just before anesthesia ( T0 ) , tracheal extubation ( T1 ) , 5 min after extubation ( T2 ) and 15 min after extubation ( T3 ) . of operation and anesthesia , consumption of sevoflurane , emergence time , extubation time , the occurrence of dysphoria , bucking and hypoxemia ( SpO2 < 90 % ) during extubation were recorded . with group C , MAP and HR at T1 , plasma cortisol concentration and blood glucose at T1 - T3 were all significantly lower in group D1 and group D2 ( P < 0.05 ) , and so were the consumption of sevoflurane and the occurrence of dysphoria ( P < 0.05 ) . emergence time and extubation time were significantly prolonged in group D2 compared with group D1 and group C ( P < 0.05 ) . was no significant difference in the occurrence of bucking and hypoxemia in three groups ( P > 0.05 ) . the patients undergoing UPPP under sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia , Dexmedetomidine infused at 0.2 microg x kg ( -1 ) x h ( -1 ) maintains a stable hemodynamics without respiratory depression , alleviates stress response during extubation and reduces both the consumption of sevoflurane and the occurrence of dysphoria without prolonging emergence time and extubation time ."
1434,Abstract #1434,"fatty acids ( FFAs ) bound to albumin are overloaded in renal proximal tubules and exacerbate tubulointerstitial damage . fatty acid-binding protein ( L-FABP ) is an intracellular carrier protein of FFAs that is expressed in renal proximal tubules in humans . L-FABP reflects the clinical prognosis of chronic glomerulonephritis . aim of the present study was to determine whether urinary L-FABP excretion is altered in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( ADPKD ) and whether candesartan cilexetil , an angiotensin II receptor antagonist , affects these levels . comprised 20 normotensive ADPKD patients ( 8 men and 12 women , mean age 42.6 years ) and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers ( 8 men and 12 women , mean age 44.0 years ) . 20 ADPKD patients participated in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of candesartan cilexetil for 6 months . L-FABP levels were measured by a newly established ELISA method . L-FABP levels were significantly higher in ADPKD patients ( 154.5 + / - 110.6 microg/g Cr ) than in healthy subjects ( 5.5 + / - 3.8 microg/g Cr ) ( P < 0.001 ) . cilexetil reduced urinary L-FABP levels from 168.5 + / - 104.5 microg/g Cr to 98.5 + / - 68.5 microg/g Cr after 3 months ( P < 0.01 ) and to 44.6 + / - 30.8 microg/g Cr after 6 months ( P < 0.001 ) . had no effect on L-FABP levels ( before , 140.5 + / - 100.5 microg/g Cr ; at 3 months , 148.5 + / - 108.5 microg/g Cr ; at 6 months , 150.5 + / - 110.8 microg/g Cr ) . the 6 months , serum creatinine , blood urea nitrogen , 24-hour creatinine clearance and blood pressure showed little change in either group . urinary L-FABP levels may be associated with the development of ADPKD , and candesartan cilexetil has a beneficial effect on reducing these levels ."
1435,Abstract #1435,"from studies investigating optimal techniques for attenuating propofol-related injection pain are inconsistent . previous studies , lidocaine pretreatment using a tourniquet has been reported to be superior , inferior , or equivalent to a lidocaine-propofol admixture for reducing pain . discordance could represent either no meaningful difference in the treatments or underlying methodological differences in the previous studies . hypothesized that tourniquet-controlled pretreatment with lidocaine would be superior to lidocaine-propofol admixture for reducing propofol injection pain . randomized controlled trial compared 3 groups-a control group ( saline pretreatment/saline admixture ; n = 50 ) , a pretreatment group ( lidocaine pretreatment/saline admixture ; n = 51 ) , and an admixture group ( saline pretreatment/lidocaine admixture ; n = 50 ) . primary outcome was verbal pain score after injection . incidence of pain on injection was explored as a secondary outcome . median ( interquartile range ) verbal pain score after study solution injection were as follows-control group : 3 ( 0-6 ) , pretreatment group : 0 ( 0-0 ) , and admixture group : 0 ( 0-2 ) . pretreatment group had significantly lower pain scores when compared with the admixture group ( P = 0.016 ) , and both groups were superior to the control group . pretreatment group had fewer subjects experiencing any injection pain than did the admixture group ( 20 % vs. 44 % , respectively ; P = 0.024 ) . pretreatment with lidocaine is statistically superior to admixing lidocaine with propofol for reducing propofol injection pain intensity , but the clinical importance of this small effect is questionable . , pretreatment more effectively eliminates injection pain ."
1436,Abstract #1436,"phase III , double-blind , randomized , controlled trial was conducted in Hong Kong to evaluate the efficacy , safety and immunogenicity of a human rotavirus vaccine , RIX4414 ( Rotarix ) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children up to three years of age . infants aged 6-12 weeks were enrolled between 08-December-2003 and 31-August-2005 and received two oral doses of either RIX4414 vaccine ( N = 1513 ) or placebo ( N = 1512 ) given 2 months apart . efficacy was assessed from two weeks post-Dose 2 until the children were two and three years of age . IgA seroconversion rate was calculated pre-vaccination and 1-2 months post-Dose 2 using ELISA ( cut-off = 20 U/mL ) for 100 infants . was assessed until the children were two years of age ; serious adverse events ( SAEs ) were recorded throughout the study period . children aged two and three years of life , vaccine efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was 95.6 % ( 95 % CI : 73.1 % -99.9 % ) and 96.1 % ( 95 % CI : 76.5 % -99.9 % ) , respectively . seroconversion rate 1-2 months after the second dose of RIX4414 was 97.5 % ( 95 % CI : 86.8 % -99.9 % ) . least one SAE was recorded in 439 and 477 infants who were administered RIX4414 and placebo , respectively ( p-value = 0.130 ) . intussusception cases were reported ( RIX4414 = 4 ; placebo = 2 ) and none was assessed to be vaccine-related . was efficacious , immunogenic and safe in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis for at least two years post-vaccination in Hong Kong children ."
1437,Abstract #1437,"studies suggest peanut oral immunotherapy ( OIT ) might be effective in the treatment of peanut allergy . aimed to establish the efficacy of OIT for the desensitisation of children with allergy to peanuts . did a randomised controlled crossover trial to compare the efficacy of active OIT ( using characterised peanut flour ; protein doses of 2-800 mg/day ) with control ( peanut avoidance , the present standard of care ) at the NIHR/Wellcome Trust Cambridge Clinical Research Facility ( Cambridge , UK ) . ( 1:1 ) was by use of an audited online system ; group allocation was not masked . participants were aged 7-16 years with an immediate hypersensitivity reaction after peanut ingestion , positive skin prick test to peanuts , and positive by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge ( DBPCFC ) . excluded participants if they had a major chronic illness , if the care provider or a present household member had suspected or diagnosed allergy to peanuts , or if there was an unwillingness or inability to comply with study procedures . primary outcome was desensitisation , defined as negative peanut challenge ( 1400 mg protein in DBPCFC ) at 6 months ( first phase ) . participants underwent OIT during the second phase , with subsequent DBPCFC . parameters and disease-specific quality-of-life scores were measured . was by intention to treat . 's exact test was used to compare the proportion of those with desensitisation to peanut after 6 months between the active and control group at the end of the first phase . trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials , number ISRCTN62416244 . primary outcome , desensitisation , was recorded for 62 % ( 24 of 39 participants ; 95 % CI 45-78 ) in the active group and none of the control group after the first phase ( 0 of 46 ; 95 % CI 0-9 ; p < 0001 ) . % ( 95 % CI 70-93 ) of the active group tolerated daily ingestion of 800 mg protein ( equivalent to roughly five peanuts ) . increase in peanut threshold after OIT was 1345 mg ( range 45-1400 ; p < 0001 ) or 255 times ( range 182-280 ; p < 0001 ) . the second phase , 54 % ( 95 % CI 35-72 ) tolerated 1400 mg challenge ( equivalent to roughly ten peanuts ) and 91 % ( 79-98 ) tolerated daily ingestion of 800 mg protein . scores improved ( decreased ) after OIT ( median change -161 ; p < 0001 ) . were mild in most participants . symptoms were , collectively , most common ( 31 participants with nausea , 31 with vomiting , and one with diarrhoea ) , then oral pruritus after 63 % of doses ( 76 participants ) and wheeze after 041 % of doses ( 21 participants ) . adrenaline was used after 001 % of doses ( one participant ) . successfully induced desensitisation in most children within the study population with peanut allergy of any severity , with a clinically meaningful increase in peanut threshold . of life improved after intervention and there was a good safety profile . changes corresponded with clinical desensitisation . studies in wider populations are recommended ; peanut OIT should not be done in non-specialist settings , but it is effective and well tolerated in the studied age group . partnership ."
1438,Abstract #1438,"improve outcomes for patients undergoing extinction-based therapies ( e.g. , exposure therapy ) for anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) , there has been interest in identifying pharmaceutical compounds that might facilitate fear extinction learning and recall . ( OT ) is a mammalian neuropeptide that modulates activation of fear extinction-based neural circuits and fear responses . is known , however , about the effects of OT treatment on conditioned fear responding and extinction in humans . purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of OT in a fear-potentiated startle task of fear conditioning and extinction . double-blind , placebo-controlled study of 44 healthy human participants was conducted . underwent a conditioned fear acquisition procedure , after which they were randomized to treatment group and delivered OT ( 24IU ) or placebo via intranasal ( IN ) spray . minutes after treatment , participants underwent extinction training . hours later , subjects were tested for extinction recall . to placebo , the OT group showed increased fear-potentiated startle responding during the earliest stage of extinction training relative to placebo ; however , all treatment groups showed the same level of reduced responding by the end of extinction training . hours later , the OT group showed significantly higher recall of extinction relative to placebo . current study provides preliminary evidence that OT may facilitate fear extinction recall in humans . results support further study of OT as a potential adjunctive treatment for extinction-based therapies in fear-related disorders ."
1439,Abstract #1439,"investigate the effect of a single , vital capacity breath ( vital capacity maneuver [ VCM ] ) , administered at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) , on pulmonary gas exchange in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery . , randomized , double-blind study . hospital . patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery and early tracheal extubation . were randomized to 1 of 2 groups . patients received a VCM at the conclusion of CPB . patients received no VCM . shunt ( Q ( S ) / Q ( T ) ) , arterial oxygenation ( PaO2 ) , and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients ( P ( A-a ) O2 ) were measured after induction of anesthesia , CPB , intensive care unit ( ICU ) arrival , and extubation . duration of postoperative intubation was recorded for each group . ( S ) / Q ( T ) increased significantly 30 minutes after CPB in the control group ( 15.7 + / - 1.8 % to 27.4 + / - 2.6 % ; p = 0.01 ) . the VCM group , a small decrease in Q ( S ) / Q ( T ) occurred ( 16.1 + / - 2.0 % to 14.9 + / - 2.0 % ) . ICU arrival and extubation , no significant difference in Q ( S ) / Q ( T ) existed between the 2 groups . the exception of a higher P ( A-a ) O2 in the control group at induction of anesthesia , no differences in PaO2 or P ( A-a ) O2 were present between the 2 groups at any measurement interval . who received a VCM were extubated earlier than the control group ( 6.5 + / - 2.1 hours v 9.4 + / - 4.2 hours ; p = 0.01 ) . use of a VCM prevented an increase in Q ( S ) / Q ( T ) from occurring in the operating room . a VCM did not influence pulmonary gas exchange in the ICU , its application in the operating room appears to exert a beneficial effect on tracheal extubation times after cardiac surgery ."
1440,Abstract #1440,"define the clinical role of antireflux surgical procedures a proper understanding of their mode of action is required . aim of this study was to investigate the impact of total or posterior partial fundoplication on the function of the lower oesophageal sphincter ( LOS ) in the basal state as well as during stimulation . with chronic reflux ( n = 24 ) were randomized either to a total fundic wrap or to a posterior partial ( Toupet ) fundoplication . LOS function was investigated as well as the response to inhibitory stimuli 4 years after operation . stimulation was elicited by water swallows and by gas distension ( 750 ml air insufflation into the stomach ) . LOS tone was substantially higher ( P = 0.01 ) after a total than a partial wrap , as was the nadir pressure after water swallows ( 10.1 versus 3.4 mmHg ) . position did not affect this difference . LOS relaxations occurred only occasionally in the basal state . frequency of transient LOS relaxation increased somewhat during the first 10 min of stomach distension with more occurring in patients who underwent a Toupet procedure . oesophagogastric cavities were more often seen in this latter group of patients after gas distension of the stomach . physiological observations on the LOS after total and posterior partial fundoplication explain the observed clinical differences in favour of the latter operation . partial fundoplication seems to restore the physiology of the gastro-oesophageal junction more adequately , allowing air to be vented from the stomach without jeopardizing the antireflux barrier ."
1441,Abstract #1441,"assess the possible influence of body position on oxygen saturation after bronchoscopy ( BC ) with bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL ) . , open , randomized study . respiratory unit of a first level , community hospital . consecutive patients in which BC with BAL , using at least 150 mL of BAL fluid , was performed . randomly assigned 21 patients to lie in lateral decubitus ( LD ) with the lung where BAL was performed uppermost after BC , and 20 to lie in supine position ( SP ) . saturation ( SO2 ) was measured for all patients from 10 min before to 30 min after the end of the BC . parameters were compared for both groups . SO2 was significantly lower after than before the BC , both for LD and SP groups ( LD : 91.4 + / -3 % vs. 94.9 + / -2 % , respectively ; P = 0.0001 ) ( SP : 91.6 + / -3 vs. 95.8 + / -3 % , respectively ; P = 0.0003 ) . did not find significant differences between LD and SP groups , after BC , regarding mean SO2 ( 91.4 + / -3 % vs. 91.6 + / -3 % ) , minimum SO2 ( 86.2 + / -4.5 % vs. 86.6 + / -5.4 % , respectively ) or percentages of registry time at saturations below 90 % ( 26.3 + / -35.9 % vs. 27.6 + / -38.2 % , respectively ) ( P : NS for all values ) . with BAL caused significant oxygen desaturation in our patients . have not been able to demonstrate a significant influence of body position on SO2 after BAL ."
1442,Abstract #1442,", randomized controlled clinical study . evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous closed-suction drainage in reducing blood loss as compared with conventional closed-suction drainage in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cases undergoing posterior instrumented spinal fusion . closed-suction drainage is reported to be a reasonable alternative to intra-articular indwelling closed-suction drainage and to that of no usage of any drainage system in knee arthroplasty . , little is reported about the use of subcutaneous closed-suction drainage in adolescents idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior instrumented spinal fusion . total of 105 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior instrumented spinal fusion were randomized into 2 groups of either a subcutaneous drainage or a conventional closed-wound suction drainage system . 2 groups were compared for demographic distribution , blood loss ( hemoglobin/hematocrit changes , transfusion requirements ) , and incidence of wound problems ( requirements for dressing reinforcement , oozing , subcutaneous hematoma , ecchymosis , infection ) . drainage volume was less ( P = 0.000 ) in the subcutaneous closed-wound suction drainage group compared with the conventional closed-wound suction drainage group ( 42 vs. 631 mL ) . groups were statistically similar in terms of hemoglobin and hematocrit values obtained on the third postoperative day ( 10.60 vs. 9.52 g/dL , P = 0.110 ; 30.85 % vs. 27.82 % , P = 0.226 ) , on discharge ( 10.90 vs. 9.75 g/dL , P = 0.114 ; 31.10 % vs. 28.13 % , P = 0.147 ) , transfusion requirements ( 31.2 % vs. 45.6 % , P = 0.133 ) , and incidence of wound problems . , the core temperature values were higher in subcutaneous closed-wound suction drainage group compared with the conventional closed-wound suction drainage group ( P = 0.001 ) , and the duration of fever was longer in the former compared with the latter ( P = 0.008 ) . data suggest that subcutaneous closed-suction drainage offers a reasonable alternative to closed-wound suction drainage in adolescents idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior instrumented spinal fusion ."
1443,Abstract #1443,"and observation of abdominal aortic aneurysms ( AAA ) produce psychological stress . , safe and optimal intervals of rescreening and observation must be developed . a randomised , mass screening trial of 6,339 men aged , 65-73 years from 1994 to 1998 , 76 % attended , and 191 ( 4 % ) had AAA > or = 3 cm . ( 0.5 % ) had AAA above 5 cm in diameter and were referred for surgery , while the rest were offered annual control . , all 348 ( 7.5 % ) men who , 3 to 5 years before , had had an ectatic aorta ( an infrarenal aortic diameter of 25-29 mm or a distal/renal aortic diameter ratio of > 1.2 ) were offered rescreening , together with a control group of 380 men . of the controls had developed AAA . those who initially had an aortic diameter of 25-29 mm aorta , 28.5 % had developed AAA ( size range 30-48 mm ) , whereas only 3.5 % with a ratio > 1.2 developed AAA ( size range 30-34 mm ) . the fourth year of surveillance some AAA initially sized below 3.5 cm expanded to above 5 cm , whereas this occurred in some sized 3.5-3 .9 cm during the second year and in most above 4 cm did during the first year of observation . for AAA can be restricted to initially ectatic aortas sized 25-29 mm at five-year intervals . of small AAA can be restricted to 1-4 year intervals ."
1444,Abstract #1444,"emergence of resistance to treatment complicates the public health problem of head-louse infestations and drives the need for continuing development of new treatments . are limited data on the activity of ivermectin as a topical lousicide . two multisite , randomized , double-blind studies , we compared a single application of 0.5 % ivermectin lotion with vehicle control for the elimination of infestations without nit combing in patients 6 months of age or older . tube of topical ivermectin or vehicle control was dispensed on day 1 , to be applied to dry hair , left for 10 minutes , then rinsed with water . primary end point was the percentage of index patients ( youngest household member with 3 live lice ) in the intention-to-treat population who were louse-free 1 day after treatment ( day 2 ) and remained so through days 8 and 15 . total of 765 patients completed the studies . the intention-to-treat population , significantly more patients receiving ivermectin than patients receiving vehicle control were louse-free on day 2 ( 94.9 % vs. 31.3 % ) , day 8 ( 85.2 % vs. 20.8 % ) , and day 15 ( 73.8 % vs. 17.6 % ) ( P < 0.001 for each comparison ) . frequency and severity of adverse events were similar in the two groups . single , 10-minute , at-home application of ivermectin was more effective than vehicle control in eliminating head-louse infestations at 1 , 7 , and 14 days after treatment . Funded by Topaz Pharmaceuticals [ now Sanofi Pasteur ] ; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers , NCT01066585 and NCT01068158 . )"
1445,Abstract #1445,"manipulation is a widely accepted therapeutic approach in the treatment of back pain . standard training programs , feedback on student performances is provided by an instructor based on teaching and clinical experience . study of the type of augmented feedback provided and skill learning is lacking in the literature . goal of this investigation is to compare the performance of two groups of chiropractic students , one receiving traditional training from experienced instructors , and the other , augmented feedback on specific biomechanical aspects of spinal manipulation therapy using an instrumented manikin . controlled study . fourth-year students from the Department of Chiropractic of Universit du Qubec Trois-Rivires participated in this study . parameters ( force-time curves ) of spinal manipulation were evaluated . manipulation parameters were measured before and after a 5-week training period in which one group received standard chiropractic training while a second group received augmented feedback about specific biomechanical parameters of spinal manipulation . both groups , practice scheduling and time duration were similar and consisted of a weekly practice session of 90 minutes for five consecutive weeks . groups had to practice thoracic spine manipulation throughout the training period . groups showed a decrease in peak force applied , with a diminution in the number of trials where a downward incisural point was present in preload force . in the feedback training group significantly reduced their peak force variability and significantly increased their preload force . significant difference was observed for time to peak force . results of this study highlight the merits of practicing with an instrumented manikin or other instrumented training aids . a device can provide specific feedback on specific parameters of the task during learning ; it can also serve as a tool to assess the progress of students and eliminate the risks relating to repetitive spinal manipulative therapy practice on student colleagues ."
1446,Abstract #1446,"analyses have shown that long-term recurrence rates after Lichtenstein mesh and Shouldice herniorrhaphies are low . differences in short-term outcome may be important determinants of one 's choice of repair . proponents of the mesh repair claim that their methods is less morbid , to our knowledge no prospective comparative studies of short-term morbidity have been reported . hundred five adult patients were randomized to undergo either a mesh or Shouldice inguinal hernia repair . pain , narcotic use , and time to resumption of usual activities and employment were recorded . were blinded to the type of repair received until all data were collected . was no difference between the herniorrhaphy methods with respect to postoperative pain , duration of narcotic use , and time to resumption of usual activity and employment . was rapid for both groups of patients . 3 days after operation , 50 % of patients rated their pain as very mild or less and no longer required narcotic analgesics . in both groups returned to usual activity and work by a median of 9 days after operation . of these well-established methods can be used to repair inguinal hernias with local anesthetics in an outpatient setting with minimal morbidity . the `` tension-free '' design of the mesh repair , short-term outcomes of mesh and Shouldice repairs of inguinal hernias do not differ ."
1447,Abstract #1447,"aim of the present study was to evaluate blood flow in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) compared to controls . flow was ultrasonographically measured in the great arteries of the neck instead of in the vessels of the internal genital organs . healthy women with climacteric complaints , at least 6 months postmenopausal , participated in the study . were randomly divided into two groups . group received 2 mg estradiol ( E2 ) for 12 days , continued with 2 mg E2 and 1 mg norethisterone acetate for 10 days , followed by 1 mg E2 for 6 days , cyclically during 6 months . other group received placebo tablets the first 3 months and the same HRT as the first group for the last 3 months . flow was measured ultrasonographically by color flow pulsed Doppler in the common ( CCA ) , internal ( ICA ) and external ( ECA ) carotid arteries , before the start of the study , after 3 and 6 months of therapy . and ICA , both low resistance vessels , and ECA , a high resistance vessel , and their waveforms were identified . index did not decrease statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ) in any of the great vessels during 6 months of HRT in this study . were no differences in blood flow between the HRT-treated group compared to control group during 3 months of therapy , except for the right ECA ( p = 0.04 ) . difference in blood flow and wave-forms of the major arteries of the neck were clearly shown , but HRT did not have any important impact on the blood flow in this study . difference was shown concerning blood flow between the two groups of postmenopausal women , on active therapy or placebo ."
1448,Abstract #1448,"symptomatic gastroparesis occurs in 3-5 % of patients following vagotomy and antrectomy . , a macrolide antibiotic , improves gastric emptying in patients with idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis . 's effect on gastric emptying in patients with post-vagotomy-antrectomy gastroparesis is unknown . aim of this study was to determine if a single dose of intravenous erythromycin ( 1 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg ) accelerates solid meal gastric emptying in patients with chronic symptomatic post-vagotomy-antrectomy gastroparesis . patients were entered into the study , three males and three females , with a mean age of 50 years . patients were randomized to receive erythromycin 6 mg/kg and two patients 1 mg/kg . mean time since initial surgery was 9.2 years ( range 1-16 years ) with five patients having undergone a Roux-en-Y revision . erythromycin significantly lowered percentage gastric retention at 120 min , from a baseline of 90.5 + / - 6 % ( S.E.M. ) to 40.1 + / - 4.8 % after erythromycin ( P = 0.0002 ) . improved gastric emptying in each patient by at least 40 % . erythromycin significantly accelerated the rate of gastric emptying in the first 30 min after meal ingestion from a baseline rate of 0.072 + / - 0.06 % / min to 0.96 + / - 0.31 % / min after erythromycin ( P = 0.028 ) . each of the subsequent 30 minute time periods , erythromycin had no significant effect on the rate of gastric emptying . erythromycin significantly improves the initial phase of solid meal gastric emptying in patients with chronic symptomatic post-antrectomy-vagotomy gastroparesis ."
1449,Abstract #1449,"aim of this study was to evaluate the lactic acid concentration in supragingival plaque from caries-active pre-school children after a short-term use of either xylitol - or sorbitol-containing chewing gums . investigation consisted of a prospective crossover design with 10 healthy children aged 2-4 years each with at least two caries lesions within the dentine ( ds > or = 2 ) . children were instructed to chew 6 pieces of a test or a control gum every day for a 14-day period . test gum contained 65 % xylitol and the control gum was sweetened with sorbitol . baseline and after 14 days , salivary mutans streptococci were enumerated with a chair-side test ( Strip mutans ) and dental plaque was collected from the upper maxillary incisors . a washout period of 6 weeks , the same procedure was repeated with the corresponding test or control gum . acid was determined enzymatically in glucose-challenged plaque suspensions . lactic acid concentration was significantly reduced ( p < 0.05 ) by 22 % compared with baseline following the xylitol gum regimen but was unaltered after the control gum . levels of salivary mutans streptococci were mainly unaffected by both chewing gums . 14-day use of xylitol-containing chewing gums , corresponding to a daily amount of 5 grams of xylitol , could diminish glucose-initiated lactic acid formation in supragingival plaque in caries-active pre-school children ."
1450,Abstract #1450,"fasciitis often leads to disability . treatment for this clinical condition is still unknown . compare the effectiveness of wearing a full-length silicone insole with ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection in the management of plantar fasciitis . clinical trial . patients with chronic unilateral plantar fasciitis were allocated randomly to have an ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection or wear a full-length silicone insole . were collected before the procedure and 1 month after . primary outcome measures included first-step heel pain via Visual Analogue Scale and Heel Tenderness Index . outcome measures were the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score and ultrasonographic thickness of the plantar fascia . 1 month , a significant improvement was shown in Visual Analogue Scale , Heel Tenderness Index , Foot and Ankle Outcome Score , and ultrasonographic thickness of plantar fascia in both groups . Analogue Scale scores , Foot and Ankle Outcome Score pain , Foot and Ankle Outcome Score for activities of daily living , Foot and Ankle Outcome Score for sport and recreation function , and plantar fascia thickness were better in injection group than in insole group ( p < 0.05 ) . both ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection and wearing a full-length silicone insole were effective in the conservative treatment of plantar fasciitis , we recommend the use of silicone insoles as a first line of treatment for persons with plantar fasciitis ."
1451,Abstract #1451,"small-molecule antiangiogenics have compromised chemotherapy dose intensity in breast cancer . present a phase I trial of a novel selective agent , nintedanib , plus standard chemotherapy in early breast cancer . breast cancer patients with tumours larger than 2cm were eligible for dose-escalation trial ( classic 3 +3 method ) . recommended phase II dose ( RP2D ) was 150mg BID of nintedanib combined with standard dose of weekly paclitaxel followed by adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide . dose-limiting toxicity was transaminase elevation . the RP2D , the dose intensity was 100 % . pathologic complete response was 50 % . combination allows the delivery of full-dose intensity , while efficacy seems promising ."
1452,Abstract #1452,"in infancy is routinely treated by child physiotherapists . addition of manual therapy to the treatment is a new approach in Norway . the effect of manual therapy for this condition is poorly documented , we designed a pilot study to evaluate measurement methods and examine the short-time effect of manual therapy in addition to child physiotherapy . controlled trial , double blinded . patients aged 3-6 months were randomized to intervention group ( manual therapy and child physiotherapy ) and control group ( child physiotherapy alone ) . of symptoms because of torticollis evaluated by video recordings . parameters including spontaneous movements , active and passive range of motion and head righting reaction . found a nonsignificant tendency to greater improvement in lateral flexion ( p = 0.092 ) and head righting reaction ( p = 0.116 ) in the intervention group . this pilot study , we found that in patients with moderate symptoms related to torticollis , the short-time effect of manual therapy in addition to physiotherapy is not significantly better than physiotherapy alone ."
1453,Abstract #1453,"aim of this randomized , surgeon-blind , controlled study was to evaluate the role of a 7 days minimal-residue ( low fibre intake ) pre-operative diet compared with a mechanical bowel preparation in laparoscopic benign gynaecological surgery . was a randomized , surgeon-blind , controlled study . study included 83 women scheduled to undergo diagnostic or operative laparoscopy for various gynaecological benign conditions . criteria were suspicion of malignancy , associated non-gynaecological surgical pathologies , severe endometriosis , and history of previous abdominal surgery . group had a total daily fibre intake inferior to 10 g for a week before the operation ( n = 42 ) . group had a mechanical bowel preparation the day before the operation ( n = 41 ) . principal measures of outcome were the quality of bowel preparation , the acceptability of the preoperative diet and of the mechanical bowel preparation . outcomes included postoperative pain , time of ambulation , length of postoperative ileus , and length of postoperative hospital stay . two treatment groups were comparable with respect to demographic characteristics and indications for surgery . , abdominal distension and overall discomfort were significantly more frequent in the control group ( P = 0.061 and 0.034 respectively ) . was no significant difference in the small and large bowel preparation between the two groups . , no significant difference was observed between the two groups in pain , nausea , abdominal swelling , length of ileus , and of postoperative stay . study shows that preoperative low fibre diet and mechanical bowel preparation provide similar quality of surgical field exposure . , when compared with mechanical bowel preparation , preoperative low fibre diet may be better tolerated by the patients , thus increasing compliance . , a 7 days preoperative low fibre diet allow the patient to continue working and social activities until the day of surgery without requiring admission to the hospital or home bowel preparation on the day before surgery ."
1454,Abstract #1454,"( tinea ) versicolor has a high tendency to recur after being treated successfully . treatment to reduce recurrence is needed . determine whether recurrence of pityriasis versicolor could be prevented by prophylactic itraconazole treatment . treatment followed by a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled phase . outpatient centers . total of 239 consecutive patients were included ; 238 started open treatment . total of 209 patients started prophylactic treatment : 106 in the itraconazole group and 103 in the placebo group . treatment : itraconazole , 200 mg once daily for 7 days . treatment : itraconazole , 200 mg , or placebo twice daily 1 day per month for 6 consecutive months . cure rates at the end of open treatment and at the end of prophylactic treatment . cure at the end of open treatment was 92 % ( 205/223 ) . the prophylactic treatment end point ( 6 months ) , mycological cure was 88 % ( 90/102 ) in the itraconazole group and 57 % ( 56/99 ) in the placebo group ( P < .001 ) . open treatment , 11 patients were not able to be evaluated for efficacy . prophylactic treatment , 4 patients in the itraconazole group and 4 in the placebo group were not able to be evaluated . events were reported during open treatment by 26 patients ( 11 % ) and during prophylactic treatment by 17 ( 16 % ) in the itraconazole group and 14 ( 14 % ) in the placebo group . patients experienced any serious adverse events . itraconazole treatment is efficacious for pityriasis versicolor after 6 months , as is itraconazole in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor ."
1455,Abstract #1455,"no effective curative approaches are available , preventive approaches in the field of Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) are needed . present the design of the ongoing Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial ( MAPT ) Study . previous studies suggested that many factors may be involved in the occurrence of AD at late ages . of the probable multifactorial nature of AD , it seems logical to initiate multidomain interventions to examine their potential synergistic effects . MAPT Study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a multidomain intervention ( nutritional , physical , and cognitive training ) and omega 3 treatment in the prevention of cognitive decline in frail elderly persons aged 70 years or over . study also collects imaging and biological data that could be used in future AD prevention and treatment trials . MAPT Study is a 3-year , randomized , controlled trial conducted by university hospital practitioners specializing in memory disorders in four French cities ( Bordeaux , Limoges , Montpellier , and Toulouse ) . study plans to enroll 1200 frail elderly subjects on the basis of at least one of the following criteria : subjective memory complaint spontaneously expressed to a general practitioner , limitation in one instrumental activity of daily living ( IADL ) , and slow walking speed . demonstrate the protective effect of interventions , subjects are randomized into one of the following four groups : omega 3 alone , multidomain intervention alone , omega 3 plus multidomain intervention , or placebo ( n = 300 each ) . principal outcome measure is a change in cognitive function at 3 years , as determined by the Grober and Buschke Test . MAPT Study is the first preventive trial involving multidomain interventions . results should be available in 2013 ."
1456,Abstract #1456,"vitalHEAT vH ( 2 ) ( Dynatherm Medical , Inc. , Fremont , California ) system transfers heat through a single extremity using a combination of conductive heat ( circulating warm water within soft fluid pads ) with mild vacuum , which improves both vasodilation and contact between the heating element and the skin surface . tested the hypothesis that core temperatures were not > 0.5 C lower in patients warmed with the vitalHEAT system than with forced air . having general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to the circulating-water sleeve on 1 arm ( n = 37 ) or an upper-body forced-air warming cover ( n = 34 ) . were eligible to participate when body mass index was 20 to 36 kg/m ( 2 ) , age was 18 to 75 years , and ASA physical status was 1 to 3 . distal esophageal ( core ) temperatures were recorded . analysis and 1-tailed t tests were used to assess noninferiority of vitalHEAT to forced air using a noninferiority of -0.5 C. and morphometric characteristics were similar , as were surgical details . core temperatures were similar in each group . core temperatures were also similar with each warming system and were significantly noninferior during the first four hours of surgery . observed difference in means was never more than about 0.2 C. 4 hours of surgery , the average temperature was 36.3 C 0.6 C ( mean sd ) with the circulating-water sleeve ( n = 18 ) and 36.4 C 0.5 C with forced air ( n = 20 ) , for a difference ( 95 % confidence interval ) of -0.21 C ( -0.47 , 0.06 ) . 2 systems thus apparently transfer comparable amounts of heat . appear suitable for maintaining normothermia even during large and long operations ."
1457,Abstract #1457,"compare pelvic ultrasound simulators ( PSs ) with live models ( LMs ) for training in transvaginal sonography ( TVS ) . authors conducted a prospective , randomized controlled trial of 145 eligible medical students trained in TVS in 2011-2012 with either a PS or an LM . patient educator was used for LM training . intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy models were used for PS training . were tested using a standardized patient who evaluated their professionalism . proctor , blinded to training type , scored their scanning technique . images were saved for blinded review . rated their training using a Likert scale ( 0 = not very well ; 10 = very well ) . primary outcome measure was students ' overall performance on a 40-point assessment tool for professionalism , scanning technique , and image acquisition . regression and Student t test were used for comparisons . total of 134 students participated ( 62 trained using a PS ; 72 using an LM ) . overall test scores were 56 % for the PS group and 69 % for the LM group ( P = .001 ) . significant difference was identified in scanning technique ( PS , 60 % versus LM , 73 % ; P = .001 ) and image acquisition ( PS , 37 % versus LM , 59 % ; P = .001 ) . was observed for professionalism . PS group rated their training experience at 4.4 , whereas the LM group rated theirs at 6.2 ( P < .001 ) . do not perform as well as LMs for training novices in TVS , but they may be useful as an adjunct to LM training ."
1458,Abstract #1458,"research suggests primary prescription opioid ( PO ) abusers may exhibit less severe demographic and drug use characteristics than primary heroin abusers , less is known about whether a lifetime history of heroin use confers greater severity among PO abusers . this secondary analysis , we examined demographic and drug use characteristics as a function of lifetime heroin use among 89 PO-dependent adults screened for a trial evaluating the relative efficacy of buprenorphine taper durations . analyses also examined contribution of lifetime heroin use to treatment response among a subset of participants who received a uniform set of study procedures . characteristics were compared between participants reporting lifetime heroin use 5 ( H ( + ) ; n = 41 ) vs. < 5 ( H ( - ) ; n = 48 ) times . response ( i.e. , illicit opioid abstinence and treatment retention at end of study ) was examined in the subset of H ( + ) and H ( - ) participants randomized to receive the 4-week taper condition ( N = 22 ) . ( + ) participants were significantly older and more likely to be male . reported longer durations of illicit opioid use , greater alcohol-related problems , more past-month cocaine use , greater lifetime IV drug use , and greater lifetime use of cigarettes , amphetamines and hallucinogens . ( + ) participants also had lower scores on the Positive Symptom Distress and Depression subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory . , there was a trend toward poorer treatment outcomes among H ( + ) participants . lifetime history of heroin use may be associated with elevated drug severity and unique treatment needs among treatment-seeking PO abusers ."
1459,Abstract #1459,"determine the analgesic efficacy and safety of intravenous single-dose paracetamol versus morphine in patients presenting to the emergency department with renal colic . randomised double-blind study was performed to compare the efficacy of intravenous paracetamol ( 1 g ) and 0.1 mg/kg morphine in patients with renal colic . efficacy of the study drugs was measured by a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating scale at baseline and after 15 and 30 min . adverse effects and need for rescue medication ( 1 g/kg intravenous fentanyl ) were also recorded at the end of the study . patients were eligible for enrolment in the study , with 73 patients included in the final analysis ( 38 in the paracetamol group and 35 in the morphine group ) . meanSD age of the subjects was 30.28.6 years and 51 ( 70 % ) were men . mean reduction in scores at 30 min after study drug administration was 63.7 mm ( 95 % CI 57 to 71 ) for paracetamol and 56.6 mm ( 95 % CI 48 to 65 ) for morphine . difference between pain reduction scores for the two groups at 30 min was 7.1 mm ( 95 % CI -18 to 4 ) , demonstrating no statistical or clinical significance . adverse events ( 5.3 % ) were recorded in the paracetamol group and five ( 14.3 % ) in the morphine group ( difference 9 % , 95 % CI -7 % to 26 % ) . paracetamol is effective in treating patients presenting with renal colic to the emergency department . TRIALS REGISTRATION NO : ClinicalTrials.gov ID number NCT01318187 ."
1460,Abstract #1460,"heparin and its antidote , protamine sulfate , allow for rapid and reversible anticoagulation during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass , yet limitations exist , including a variable dose-response , dependence on a cofactor for anticoagulant effect , and antigenic potential . trial was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin as an alternative to heparin with protamine reversal in on-pump cardiac surgery . conducted a randomized , open-label , multicenter trial comparing heparin with protamine reversal to bivalirudin in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass . primary objective was to demonstrate comparable rates of in-hospital procedural success defined as freedom from death , Q-wave myocardial infarction , stroke , or repeat revascularization . institutions enrolled 101 patients randomized to bivalirudin and 49 patients to heparin treatment . primary end point of procedural success was not significantly different between the bivalirudin arm and the heparin/protamine arms at 7 days , 30 days , or 12 weeks ' follow-up . anticoagulation was achieved in all patients . end points including mortality , 24-hour blood loss , overall incidence of transfusions , and duration of surgery were similar between the two arms . is a safe and effective anticoagulant for patients undergoing a wide range of cardiac surgical procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass . success rates with bivalirudin were similar to rates in patients receiving heparin anticoagulation , with no difference in mortality . of blood stasis and attention to the intraoperative medical management of patients is critical for successful use of bivalirudin during cardiopulmonary bypass ."
1461,Abstract #1461,"reduce the seroma formation following mastectomy and axillary dissection , many different techniques and drugs have been investigated . aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of oral - glucan on drain fluid and efficacy of daily drainage and drain removal day in mastectomy patients . hundred and thirty breast cancer patients of Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital were divided into 2 groups by consecutive randomization ( n = 65 each ) . glucan 10mg capsules were administered to Group 1 twice a day for 10days . 2 took placebos in the same manner . , menarche age , menopause , parity , history of oral contraceptives , comorbidities , postoperative daily drainage volumes and drain removal days were recorded and compared . samples during the first and second day of drainage were taken for analysis of Interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) and Tumor Necrosis Factor ( TNF - ) . was no difference between groups in terms of age , menarche age , menopause period , parity , oral contraceptive use and comorbidities . 1 showed significantly lower daily drainage volumes between days 2 and 8 . drain removal day was 7.161.72 in Group 1 and 8.592.27 in Group 2 . difference was significant ( p < 0.001 ) . - and IL-6 levels on days 1 and 2 in Group 1 were significantly lower ( p < 0.001 ) . addition , - glucan significantly shortened the number of days required for the drain removal in patients who have comorbidities ( p = 0.018 ) . earliest removal was in patients without comorbidity and who received - glucan ( p = 0.002 ) . glucan decreased drain discharges after mastectomy . drains were removed earlier in - glucan administered patients ."
1462,Abstract #1462,"D deficiency is nowadays considered as a potential cardiovascular and renal risk factor . tested the hypotheses that vitamin D deficiency impairs the endothelial function of renal vasculature and whether vitamin D levels and endothelial function can be improved by the treatment with statins . a double-blind , randomized study of 31 hypercholesterolemic patients with vitamin D insufficiency ( < 30 ng/ml ) were randomly assigned to rosuvastatin ( 10 mg/d ) and placebo for 6 weeks . nitric oxide ( NO ) activity of the renal vasculature was assessed both before and after the blockade of NO synthases with systemic infusion of N ( G ) - monomethyl-L-arginine ( L-NMMA ) . parallel , 25 ( OH ) D was measured . regression analysis revealed that at baseline 25 ( OH ) D is an independent determinant of basal NO activity as assessed by the decrease in RPF , in response to L-NMMA ( = -0.446 , r = 0.015 ) . to placebo treatment , rosuvastatin increased 25 ( OH ) D levels ( 21.6 4.0 vs. 24.1 8.1 ng/ml , p = 0.039 ) . NO activity was significantly more increased after 6-week therapy with rosuvastatin than with placebo ( -94.8 70 vs. -68.2 32 ml/min , p = 0.044 ) , indicating increased basal NOS activity after 6 weeks of rosuvastatin treatment . NO activity in the placebo phase was correlated inversely with 25 ( OH ) D ( r = -0.385 ; p = 0.027 ) . , vitamin D insufficiency is associated with impaired endothelial function in the renal vasculature and both were beneficially influenced by the treatment with rosuvastatin ."
1463,Abstract #1463,"open label study compared the effectiveness of patient-controlled sedation ( PCS ) , with physician-administered sedation ( PAS ) during transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval ( TUGOR ) . total of 106 patients was randomized using a computer model to receive either PCS ( n = 51 ) or PAS ( n = 55 ) . sedation and co-operation were measured on a 5-point scale while severity of pain , and doctor and patient satisfaction were assessed using a 100 mm visual analogue scale . of oocytes retrieved and fertilization , cleavage and clinical pregnancy rates were also recorded . of sedation and co-operation were similar between groups . pain score was higher in the PCS group during ( mean + / - SD , 53 + / - 23 versus 35 + / - 24 ; P < 0.01 ) and 2 h after the procedure ( 29 + / - 27 versus 17 + / - 22 ; P < 0.05 ) . were less satisfied with PCS than PAS ( 62 + / - 25 versus 71 + / - 26 ; P < 0.05 ) while patients were highly satisfied with both methods ( 76 + / - 23 versus 74 + / - 21 ; not significant ) . were no oversedation or peri-operative complications . outcomes were similar . tended to prefer PCS when given the choice of sedation method . PCS provides less analgesia then PAS during TUGOR , it is safe , satisfactory and accepted by patients ."
1464,Abstract #1464,"identify better risk stratification systems in childhood medulloblastoma based on clinical factors and analysis of routinely processed formalin-fixed tumor material . paraffin-embedded tumor samples from well-documented patients treated within the prospective randomized multicenter trial HIT '91 were analyzed for DNA amplification of c-myc and N-myc ( n = 133 ) and mRNA expression of c-myc and trkC ( n = 104 ; compared with human cerebellum ) using validated methods of quantitative PCR and reverse transcription-PCR . were related to clinical data and outcome . and c-myc mRNA expression were identified as independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis . risk groups were identified . a ) Favorable risk group : all 8 patients ( 2 metastatic ) with high trkC ( > 1x human cerebellum ) and low c-myc mRNA expression ( < or = 1x human cerebellum ) remained relapse-free [ 7-year event-free survival ( EFS ) , 100 % ] . b ) Poor risk group : 10 of 15 patients with metastatic disease and high c-myc and low trkC mRNA expression relapsed ( 7-year EFS , 33 % ) . c ) Intermediate risk group : the 7-year EFS of the remaining 78 patients was 65 % . 47 M ( 0 ) stage patients , all 10 patients with high trkC mRNA expression remained relapse-free compared with 15 events in 37 patients with low trkC mRNA expression levels ( 7-year EFS , 100 % versus 62 % ; P = 0.056 ) . the collection of fresh-frozen tumor samples remains a major challenge in large clinical trials , routinely processed paraffin-embedded tissue samples can be used to quantitate the prognostic biological markers trkC and c-myc . prospective validation of cutoff levels , this may lead to improved stratification of treatment for children with medulloblastoma ."
1465,Abstract #1465,"study the relationship between serum leptin and insulin resistance , and to analyze the effect of acupuncture on serum leptin level in patients with type-II diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . total of 80 type-II DM patients were randomized into acupuncture and medication groups . was applied to Yishu ( EX ) , Feishu ( BL13 ) , Pishu ( BL 20 ) , etc. according to syndrome identification . treatment was given once every other day for 12 weeks . patients in the medication group , Glibenclamide ( 2.5-7 .5 mg/time , 1-2 times/d according to blood sugar level ) was given for 12 weeks . blood glucose ( FBG ) , fasting insulin ( FINS ) and fasting leptin ( FLP ) were detected by using glucose oxidase method , radioimmunoassay and ELISA , respectively . sensitivity index ( ISI ) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) were calculated . comparison with pre-treatment , FBG levels and HOMA-IR in both acupuncture and medication groups , and FINS and FLP levels in the acupuncture group were decreased significantly ( P < 0.01 ) , while ISI in both acupuncture and medication groups , and FINS level in the medication group were increased remarkably after the treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . between two groups showed that after the treatment , FINS and FLP levels , and HOMA-IR of the acupuncture group were considerably lower than those of the medication group ( P < 0.01 ) , while ISI of the acupuncture group was significantly higher than that of the medication group ( P < 0.01 ) . therapy is effective in lowering FLP level , which may contribute to its clinical effect in improving type-II DM ."
1466,Abstract #1466,"study was designed to compare short-term outcomes after hand-assisted laparoscopic vs. straight laparoscopic colorectal surgery . surgeons at five centers participated in a prospective , randomized trial of patients undergoing elective laparoscopic sigmoid/left colectomy and total colectomy . study was powered to detect a 30-minute reduction in operative time between hand-assisted laparoscopic and straight laparoscopic groups . were 47 hand-assisted patients ( 33 sigmoid/left colectomy , 14 total colectomy ) and 48 straight laparoscopic patients ( 33 sigmoid/left colectomy , 15 total colectomy ) . were no differences in the patient age , sex , body mass index , previous surgery , diagnosis , and procedures performed between the hand-assisted and straight laparoscopic groups . participation in the procedures was similar for all groups . mean operative time ( in minutes ) was significantly less in the hand-assisted laparoscopic group for both the sigmoid colectomy ( 175 + / - 58 vs. 208 + / - 55 ; P = 0.021 ) and total colectomy groups ( time to colectomy completion , 127 + / - 31 vs. 184 + / - 72 ; P = 0.015 ) . were no apparent differences in the time to return of bowel function , tolerance of diet , length of stay , postoperative pain scores , or narcotic usage between the hand-assisted laparoscopic and straight laparoscopic groups . was one ( 2 percent ) conversion in the hand-assisted laparoscopic group and six ( 12.5 percent ) in the straight laparoscopic group ( P = 0.11 ) . were similar in both groups ( hand-assisted , 21 percent vs. straight laparoscopic , 19 percent ; P = 0.68 ) . this prospective , randomized study , hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery resulted in significantly shorter operative times while maintaining similar clinical outcomes as straight laparoscopic techniques for patients undergoing left-sided colectomy and total abdominal colectomy ."
1467,Abstract #1467,"purpose of this study was to image the sites of fracture initiation and slow crack propagation in a fiber reinforced composite , using the optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) technique . specimens ( 2mm x 3mm x 25mm ) of fiber reinforced composite were mechanically and thermally cycled to emulate oral conditions . interior of these samples was analyzed prior to and after loading , using OCT. . device used was a home-built Fourier domain OCT setup working at 800 nm with 6 microm spatial resolution . specimens after load cycling were analyzed . was clearly seen that OCT images provide an insight into crack propagation , which is not seen by the naked eye . using OCT the possibility of analyzing the fracture propagation quantitatively , and in depth , was added , opening up possibilities to quantitative studies ."
1468,Abstract #1468,"treatment of phenylketonuria ( PKU ) requires consistent restriction of protein intake from natural sources . , protein from all foods has to be accounted for , even the small amounts in fruits and vegetables . studied whether free consumption of fruits and vegetables containing less than 75 mg phenylalanine ( phe ) per 100 g affects metabolic control in children with PKU . children ( 2-10 years ) were included in a cross-over study , with a two-week period of conventional treatment ( accounting for protein from fruits and vegetables ) and a two-week period with free fruit and vegetable consumption . instruction to follow liberal fruit and vegetable consumption in the first or second study period was randomized . daily dietary records were obtained throughout the study . and nutrient content was calculated . phe concentration was monitored daily . total phe intake increased by an average of 58 mg per day ( P = 0.037 ) during the 2 weeks of free fruit and vegetable consumption , dried-blood phe concentrations were unchanged . intake of fruits and vegetables did not increase , but patients instead used the higher phe tolerance to consume more of other foods , which were calculated and accounted for . consumption of fruits and vegetables does not impair metabolic control in PKU patients over a 2-week period ."
1469,Abstract #1469,"purpose of this study is to determine whether a single dose of dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg administered before surgery could decrease post operative vomiting and pain and improves oral intake in the first 24-hours after pediatric tonsillectomy procedures . is a randomized , double blind , placebo controlled study . children age 2-12-years ASA 1 and 11 were scheduled for tonsillectomy , dexamethasone ( n = 29 ) and control group ( n = 31 ) were enrolled in the study . group received 0.5 mg/kg intravenous dexamethasone and control group received saline at the time of induction . anesthetic regimen and surgical procedures were standardized for all patients . patients were observed in post anesthesia care unit ( PACU ) and ward for post operative vomiting , pain , need for rescue antiemetic or analgesia and time for first oral intake for 24-hours . from 60 patients were analyzed . overall incidence of early as well as late vomiting was significantly less in dexamethasone as compared to control group ( 37 % versus 74 % P = 0.016 ) , overall incidence of retching was 29 % in control and 3.4 % in dexamethasone ( p = 0.008 ) . once or more than once was significantly high in control as compared to dexamethasone group . need for rescue antiemetic , the time to first oral intake and analgesic requirements did not show any significant difference in both groups . is considered safe and there was no adverse effects associated with a single dose of dexamethasone . the need for rescue antiemetic , time to oral intake and analgesia requirements in both groups were not significant , however , we found that dexamethasone does have antiemetic properties as overall incidence of retching and vomiting was significantly less in dexamethasone group as compared to control group in children who underwent tonsillectomy ."
1470,Abstract #1470,"early rehabilitation , with an emphasis on mobilization , may contribute to improved outcomes after stroke . hypothesized that a very early rehabilitation protocol would be safe and feasible . performed a randomized , controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment . at < 24 hours after stroke were recruited from 2 Melbourne metropolitan stroke units . were randomly assigned to receive standard care ( SC ) or SC plus very early mobilization ( VEM ) until discharge or 14 days ( whichever was sooner ) . primary safety outcome was the number of deaths at 3 months . primary feasibility outcome was a higher `` dose '' of mobilization achieved in VEM . safety outcomes included adverse events ( including falls and early neurologic deterioration ) , compliance with physiologic monitoring criteria , and patient fatigue after interventions . feasibility outcomes included `` contamination '' of standard care . , 18 % of patients screened were suitable for recruitment . patients were recruited and randomized , with 2 dropouts by 12 months . majority experienced ischemic strokes ( 87 % ) . group mean + / - SD age was 74.7 + / -12.5 years , and 58 % ( n = 41 ) had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score > 7 . was no significant difference in the number of deaths between groups ( SC , 3 of 33 ; VEM , 8 of 38 ; P = 0.20 ) . all deaths occurred in patients with severe stroke . safety outcomes were similar between groups . intervention protocol was successfully delivered , achieving VEM dose targets ( double SC , P = 0.003 ) and faster time to first mobilization ( P < 0.001 ) . of patients within 24 hours of acute stroke appears safe and feasible . efficacy and cost-effectiveness are currently being tested in a large randomized , controlled trial ."
1471,Abstract #1471,"hemicraniectomy ( DHC ) has proven efficacious for the treatment of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction ( mMCAI ) only in patients less than 60years . study aimed to assess the effectiveness of DHC in patients up to 80 . is a prospective , randomized , controlled trail comparing the outcomes with or without DHC in patients aged 18-80 with mMCAI ( ChiCTR-TRC-11001757 ) . primary outcome measure was the modified Rankin Scale ( mRS ) scores at 6months . secondary outcome measures included the 6 - and 12-month mortality and the mRS scores after 1year . prognosis of patients was evaluated independently by two blinded investigators . addition , subgroup analyses were done for those above 60years of age . analyses were by intention-to-treat . significant reduction in the poor outcome ( mRS > 4 ) following DHC was reached after 36 patients had completed the follow-up period of 6months . trial was then terminated when 47 participants ( 24 in the surgical group vs. 23 in the medical group ) had been recruited . final analysis , based on the outcome data of the 47 patients , showed that DHC significantly reduced mortality at 6 and 12months ( 12.5 vs. 60.9 % , P = 0.001 and 16.7 vs. 69.6 % , P < 0.001 , respectively ) , and significantly fewer patients had a mRS score > 4 after surgery ( 33.3 vs. 82.6 % , P = 0.001 and 25.0 vs. 87.0 % , P < 0.001 , respectively ) . results were present in the subgroup analyses of elderly participants patients up to 80years who suffered mMCAI , DHC within 48h of stroke onset not only is a life-saving treatment , but also increases the possibility of surviving without severe disability ( mRS = 5 ) ."
1472,Abstract #1472,"safety of low-dose daily aspirin therapy in the gastrointestinal tract is uncertain . objectives were to evaluate the long-term effects of very low daily aspirin doses in the gastrointestinal tract and effects on platelet-derived serum thromboxane levels in volunteers . were randomized to receive 10 mg ( n = 8 ) , 81 mg ( n = 11 ) , or 325 mg ( n = 10 ) aspirin daily for 3 months . administration of aspirin , all subjects underwent gastroduodenoscopy , and most underwent proctoscopy for assessment of mucosal injury and prostaglandin content . 1.5 and 3 months , subjects again underwent gastroduodenoscopy and , at 3 months , another proctoscopy . aspirin dose ( even 10 mg ) significantly reduced gastric mucosal prostaglandin levels , to approximately 40 % of the baseline value . three doses also induced significant gastric injury , and 325 mg caused duodenal injury . subjects developed gastric ulcers , 1 while taking 10 mg/day of aspirin . , aspirin at 81 mg/day and 325 mg/day ( but not 10 mg/day ) significantly reduced duodenal mucosal prostaglandin levels to approximately 40 % of the baseline value . 325 mg of aspirin per day significantly reduced rectal mucosal prostaglandin levels to approximately 60 % of the baseline value . thromboxane levels were inhibited 62 % , 90 % , and 98 % with 10 , 81 , and 325 mg of aspirin . findings explain aspirin 's predominant gastric toxicity and question the safety of even 10 mg of aspirin daily ."
1473,Abstract #1473,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of iron ( III ) polymaltose complex ( Maltofer ( ) ) versus ferrous sulfate in iron-deficient pregnant women using recommended doses . exploratory , open-label , randomized , controlled , multicenter study was undertaken in 80 pregnant women with iron-deficiency anemia ( hemoglobin 10.5 g/dL , serum ferritin 15 ng/mL and mean corpuscular volume < 80 fL ) . were randomized 1:1 to oral iron ( III ) polymaltose complex or ferrous sulfate ( each 100 mg iron twice daily ) for 90 days . primary endpoint , change in hemoglobin from baseline to days 60 and 90 , did not differ significantly between treatment groups . mean ( SD ) change to day 90 was 2.16 ( 0.67 ) g/dL in the iron ( III ) polymaltose complex group and 1.93 ( 0.97 ) g/dL in the ferrous sulfate group ( n.s ) . serum ferritin at day 90 was 179 ( 38 ) ng/mL and 157 ( 34 ) ng/mL with iron ( III ) polymaltose complex and ferrous sulfate , respectively ( p = 0.014 ) . events were significantly less frequent in the iron ( III ) polymaltose group , occurring in 12/41 ( 29.3 % ) patients , than in the ferrous sulfate group ( 22/39 [ 56.4 % ] ) ( p = 0.015 ) . iron ( III ) polymaltose complex offers at least equivalent efficacy and a superior safety profile compared to ferrous sulfate for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy ."
1474,Abstract #1474,"( TB ) often coincides with nutritional deficiencies . effects of micronutrient supplementation on TB treatment outcomes , clinical complications , and mortality are uncertain . conducted a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of micronutrients ( vitamins A , B complex , C , and E , as well as selenium ) in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania . enrolled 471 human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) - infected and 416 HIV-negative adults with pulmonary TB at the time of initiating chemotherapy and monitored them for a median of 43 months . decreased the risk ofTB recurrence by 45 % overall ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 7 % to 67 % ; P = .02 ) and by 63 % in HIV-infected patients ( 95 % CI , 8 % to 85 % ; P = .02 ) . were no significant effects on mortality overall ; however , we noted a marginally significant 64 % reduction of deaths in HIV-negative subjects ( 95 % CI , -14 % to 88 % ; P = .08 ) . increased CD3 + and CD4 + cell counts and decreased the incidence of extrapulmonary TB and genital ulcers in HIV-negative patients . reduced the incidence of peripheral neuropathy by 57 % ( 95 % CI , 41 % to 69 % ; P < .001 ) , irrespective of HIV status . were no significant effects on weight gain , body composition , anemia , or HIV load . supplementation could improve the outcome in patients undergoing TB chemotherapy in Tanzania ."
1475,Abstract #1475,"cancer is the most common female malignancy in the world . glucan can be a hematopoietic and an immune modulator agent in cancer patients . aim of this trial was to determine the effect of beta glucan on white blood cell counts and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy . randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 women with breast carcinoma aged 28-65 years . eligible participants were randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 15 ) or placebo ( n = 15 ) groups using a block randomization procedure with matching based on age , course of chemotherapy and menopause status . in the intervention group received two 10-mg capsules of soluble 1-3 , 1-6 , D-beta glucan daily and the control group receiving placebo during 21 days , the interval between two courses of chemotherapy . blood cells , neuthrophil , lymphocyte and monocyte counts as well as serum levels of IL-4 and IL-12 were measured at baseline and at the end of the study as primary outcomes of the study . both groups white blood cell counts decreased after 21 days of the intervention , however in the beta glucan group , WBC was less decreased non significantly than the placebo group . the end of the study , the change in the serum level of IL-4 in the beta glucan group in comparison with the placebo group was statistically significant ( p = 0.001 ) . serum level of IL-12 in the beta glucan group statistically increased ( p = 0.03 ) and comparison between two groups at the end of the study was significant after adjusting for baseline values and covariates ( p = 0.007 ) . findings suggest that beta glucan can be useful as a complementary or adjuvant therapy and immunomodulary agent in breast cancer patients in combination with cancer therapies , but further studies are needed for confirmation ."
1476,Abstract #1476,"of stool and flatus are frequent complications of childbirth . examined the prevalence and possible causes of these adverse outcomes in a large cohort of women . studied 949 pregnant women who gave birth in 5 hospitals in 1995/96 in the province of Quebec . women , participants in a randomized controlled trial of prenatal perineal massage , completed a self-administered questionnaire 3 months after giving birth . months after delivery 29 women ( 3.1 % ) reported incontinence of stool , and 242 ( 25.5 % ) had involuntary escape of flatus . of stool was more frequent among women who delivered vaginally and had third - or fourth-degree perineal tears than among those who delivered vaginally and had no anal sphincter tears ( 7.8 % v. 2.9 % ) . delivery ( adjusted risk ratio [ RR ] 1.45 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.01-2 .08 ) and anal sphincter tears ( adjusted RR 2.09 , 95 % CI 1.40-3 .13 ) were independent risk factors for incontinence of flatus or stool or both . sphincter injury was strongly and independently associated with first vaginal birth ( RR 39.2 , 95 % CI 5.4-282 .5 ) , median episiotomy ( adjusted RR 9.6 , 95 % CI 3.2-28 .5 ) , forceps delivery ( adjusted RR 12.3 , 95 % CI 3.0-50 .4 ) and vacuum-assisted delivery ( adjusted RR 7.4 , 95 % CI 1.9-28 .5 ) but not with birth weight ( adjusted RR for nirth weight 4000 g or more : 1.4 , 95 % CI 0.6-3 .0 ) or length of the second stage of labour ( adjusted RR for second stage 1.5 hours or longer compared with less than 0.5 hours : 1.2 , 95 % CI 0.5-2 .7 ) . incontinence is associated with forceps delivery and anal sphincter laceration . sphincter laceration is strongly predicted by first vaginal birth , median episiotomy , and forceps or vacuum delivery but not by birth weight or length of the second stage of labour ."
1477,Abstract #1477,"calcium consumption during early adulthood can help prevent osteoporosis in women . effects of gain-framed , targeted messaging on calcium intake were examined over 12 months . women ( 18-19 years ) not consuming sufficient calcium were randomly assigned to receive standard care materials ( control ) or gain-framed , targeted materials ( experimental ) . belief model ( HBM ) constructs , calcium intake and markers of bone formation , resorption and bone mineral density were assessed at various time points throughout the year . intake increased significantly more in the experimental versus the control condition ( p < 0.01 ) . was the only HBM construct to improve significantly more in the experimental condition versus control ( p = 0.05 ) . HBM did not mediate changes in calcium intake . of bone health did not differ between conditions by the end of this nonpharmacological intervention ( p 's > 0.05 ) . is possible to increase young women 's calcium consumption through gain-framed , targeted messages ."
1478,Abstract #1478,"evaluate the effect of insoles with medial arch support and metatarsal pad on balance , foot pain and disability in elderly women with osteoporosis . was a randomized controlled clinical trial . elderly women ( > 60 years ) with osteoporosis in treatment in the outpatient clinic of the Rheumatology Division of UNICAMP were randomly assigned to an intervention group ( IG ) with foot orthoses or to a control group ( CG ) without orthoses . Berg Balance Scale ( BBS ) , the Timed Up and Go test ( TUG ) , the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index ( MFPDI ) and a numeric pain scale ( NPS ) were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks . chi-squared test , Fisher 's exact test and Mann-Whitney test were applied to compare baseline values between the two groups . measures of analysis of variance followed by Tukey 's test for multiple comparisons and the contrast profile test were used to compare the longitudinal measures . numeric variable relationship analysis , the Spearman correlation coefficient was used . groups were similar at baseline . subjects from the IG displayed improvements in balance ( both BBS and TUG ) , foot pain ( NPS ) and disability ( MFPDI ) ( P < 0.001 ) . adverse effects were noted . orthoses were effective for improving balance and for reducing pain and disability in elderly women . can be used as an adjuvant strategy to improve balance and to prevent falls in the elderly ."
1479,Abstract #1479,"compare the rate of healing of diabetic neuropathic ulcers using cultured autologous keratinocytes delivered on chemically defined transfer discs ( Myskin ) ( active treatment ) versus healing obtained with cell-free discs ( placebo ) . a 4-week lead-in period patients ( randomly assigned ) received active or placebo treatments weekly for 6 weeks . patients then received active treatments for a maximum of 12 treatments where required . , 16 patients with a total of 21 ulcers resistant to conventional therapy were recruited from four specialist diabetic centers in three cities . 21 ulcers were treated and of these ten healed and eight improved , with two failing to respond ( one ulcer was lost due to autoamputation ) . analysis according to the study criteria , however , only the 12 patients with 12 index ulcers who completed treatment protocols were eligible - five in the placebo group and seven in the active group . these , five ulcers healed completely and seven were reduced by more than 50 % . healing took a median of ten active applications . regular applications of the patient 's keratinocytes , delivered on the carrier dressing , initiated wound healing in ulcers resistant to conventional therapy , with 18 out of 21 ulcers responding . healing observed did not appear attributable to patient recruitment or the cell-free carrier dressing but to the delivery of the cultured cells ."
1480,Abstract #1480,"conventional daytime studies of beta ( 2 ) - agonists , 1 puff of a metered-dose inhaler often produces a near maximum bronchodilator response . , the US Food and Drug Administration-approved dose of albuterol is only 1 to 2 puffs every 4 to 6 hours . determine whether a higher dose of albuterol is required to normalize lung function during nocturnal asthma . subjects ( age , 18-37 years ) were treated with albuterol metered-dose inhalers in a randomized crossover manner at the onset of nocturnal symptoms while sleeping in the Clinical Research Center and during the day when they were asymptomatic . dose was doubled at 15-minute intervals to 16 cumulative puffs . mean + / - SD predose FEV ( 1 ) was lower at night than during the day ( 44 % + / - 12 % vs 68 % + / - 9 % predicted ; P = .0001 ) . maximum FEV ( 1 ) achieved was also lower at night ( 84 % + / - 15 % vs 90 % + / - 12 % ; P = .02 ) . nocturnal dose-response curve was shifted to the right . median ( 25th , 75th percentiles ) dose required to achieve 80 % of the subject 's personal best FEV ( 1 ) was substantially higher at night ( 5 [ 1 , 19 ] vs 0.4 [ < 0.25 , 2 ] puffs ; P = .02 ) , and the median time to achieve this endpoint was longer ( 47 [ 21 , 90 ] vs 10 [ 0.2 , 42 ] minutes ; P = .005 ) . significant systemic effects were observed . night , the response was slower and required a higher dose because more severe airway obstruction was present on awakening . results suggest that studies establishing the clinical dose of a beta ( 2 ) - agonist or assessing the equivalence of different formulations should be conducted in subjects with more severe reversible airway obstruction than is present during conventional daytime studies ."
1481,Abstract #1481,"countries like Turkey where smoking is highly prevalent , children 's exposure to tobacco smoke is an important public health problem . goals of this study were to determine the self-reported environmental tobacco smoke exposure status of primary school students in grades 3 to 5 , to verify self-reported exposure levels with data provided from a biomarker of exposure , and to develop methods for preventing school children from passive smoking . study was conducted on 347 primary school students by using a standard questionnaire and urinary cotinine tests . with verified ETS exposure were randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups . phone interviews were conducted with the parents of the first group regarding their children 's passive smoking status and its possible consequences . the other hand , a brief note concerning urinary cotinine test result was sent to parents of the second group . months after the initial urinary cotinine tests , measurements were repeated in both groups . to questionnaire data , 59.9 % of the study group ( 208 of 347 ) were exposed to ETS . cotinine measurements of children were highly consistent with the self-reported exposure levels ( P < 0.001 ) . different intervention methods were applied to parents of the exposed children . tests suggested a remarkable reduction in the proportion of those children demonstrating a recent exposure to ETS in both groups . of children with urinary cotinine concentrations 10 ng/ml or lower were 79.5 % in Group I and 74.2 % in Group II ( P > 0.05 ) . ETS exposure was found to be pretty accurate in the 9-11 age group when checked with urinary cotinine tests . informing parents that their children ' ETS exposure were confirmed by a laboratory test seems to be very promising in preventing children from ETS ."
1482,Abstract #1482,"for hydrocephalus is the neurosurgical procedure most frequently associated with long-term complications . developed an alternative to valvular shunts based on a simple shunt procedure whose functioning depends on a peritoneal catheter with a highly precise cross-sectional internal diameter of 0.51 mm . studies have shown that the shunt of continuous flow ( SCF ) is superior to valvular shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus in adults . , we show the long-term performance of the SCF in adult patients with hydrocephalus secondary to a comprehensive variety of neurological disorders . a 5-year period , ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed on 307 patients with hydrocephalus ; 114 of them were treated with the SCF and 193 controls were treated with a conventional valvular shunt . were followed from 1 to 5 years after surgery ; endpoint observation was considered at surgical reintervention because of shunt failure . the end of the observation period ( 44 + / - 17 months ) , the failure rate of the shunting device was 14 % for the SCF and 46 % for controls ( P < .0002 ) . endurance was 88 % in patients with SCF and 60 % in controls . the study , signs of overdrainage developed in 40 % of patients treated with valvular shunt , but they were not observed in patients with SCF . design of the SCF was calculated according to the mean rates of cerebrospinal fluid production ; it takes simultaneous advantage of the intraventricular pressure and the siphon effect and complies with the principle of uninterrupted flow , maintaining a fair equilibrium that prevents under - and overdrainage . SCF is a simple , inexpensive , and effective treatment for hydrocephalus in adults ."
1483,Abstract #1483,"compare the efficacy and safety of valsartan ( VAL ) / HCTZ 80/12 .5 mg with VAL 80 mg in Chinese patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension not adequately controlled with VAL 80 mg alone . was a multicenter , double-blind , double-dummy , randomized , active-controlled , parallel-group trial . ( 1175 ) with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension ( mean sitting diastolic blood pressure [ MSDBP ] > or = 95 and < 110 mmHg ) from 26 centers in China received VAL 80 mg o.d. for 4 weeks , 864 patients whose MSDBP remained > or = 90 and < 110 mmHg were randomized ( 1:1 ) to receive VAL80/HCTZ12 .5 mg ( n = 429 ) or VAL80 mg ( n = 435 ) for 8 weeks . efficacy variable was changed from baseline to endpoint in trough MSDBP . secondary efficacy variables were changed in mean sitting systolic blood pressure ( MSSBP ) , response rate , and control rate . reductions in MSDBP and MSSBP from baseline to endpoint were observed in both groups . were significantly greater reductions in MSDBP ( 8.4 mmHg vs. 6.2 mmHg ) and MSSBP ( 10.2 mmHg vs. 6.7 mmHg ) , higher response ( 64.2 % vs. 52.5 % ) and control rates ( 53.9 % vs. 40.9 % ) in the VAL80/HCTZ12 .5 group as compared with the VAL80 group at endpoint ( p < 0.001 ) . .5 was equally effective in both age subgroups ( > or = 65 and < 65 years ) and was well tolerated . were no deaths and the two serious adverse events reported were unrelated to study medication . Chinese patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension not adequately controlled by VAL 80 mg alone , VAL80/HCTZ12 .5 mg combination was well tolerated and showed additional BP reduction . limitations of this study were the inability to include an HCTZ arm as a control group and the short trial duration ."
1484,Abstract #1484,"purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of trabectedin for advanced breast cancer . an open-label , phase II , multicenter study , women with advanced breast cancer previously treated with 2 lines of chemotherapy for advanced disease , including both anthracyclines and taxanes , were randomized ( 1:1 ) to 3-hour infusions of trabectedin 1.3 mg/m ( 2 ) once every 3 weeks ( 1/3 treatment arm ) or 0.58 mg/m ( 2 ) every week for 3 of 4 weeks ( 3/4 treatment arm ) . primary end point was objective response . end points included time to progression ( TTP ) , progression-free survival ( PFS ) , and overall survival ( OS ) . women ( median age , 50 years ; median chemotherapy agents , 4 ) were enrolled . trabectedin dose intensities were 81 % and 76 % in the 1/3 and 3/4 treatment arms , respectively . response rates were 12 % ( 3 of 25 ) and 4 % ( 1 of 27 ) , respectively . disease was observed in 14 ( 56 % ) and 11 ( 41 % ) patients in the 1/3 and 3/4 treatment arms , respectively , with median durations of 3.5 and 3.7 months . TTP and PFS were higher in the 1/3 treatment arm ( 3.1 months each ) than in the 3/4 treatment arm ( 2.0 months each ) . a median follow-up of 7 months in both treatment arms , median OS was not reached in the 1/3 treatment arm and was 9.4 months in the 3/4 treatment arm . most frequent drug-related adverse events in the 1/3 and 3/4 treatment arms , respectively , were alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) level increases ( 68 % vs. 63 % ) , nausea ( 56 % vs. 59 % ) , and asthenia ( 56 % vs. 48 % ) . and increases in ALT levels were the most frequent grade 3/4 events . types of events were usually transient and reversible . the population studied , trabectedin showed a manageable safety profile for both regimens analyzed . were higher objective response rates and a longer PFS in the 1/3 treatment arm compared with the 3/4 treatment arm ."
1485,Abstract #1485,"aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the order of complementary feeding in relation to breast-feeding affects breast milk , semisolid , or total energy intake in infants . present study was designed as a randomized crossover trial . study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital . study participants were 25 healthy infants between the ages of 7 and 11 months who were exclusively breast-fed for at least 6 months and were now receiving complementary foods for at least 1 month in addition to breast-feeding . were randomized to follow a sequence of either complementary feeding before breast-feeding ( sequence A ) or complementary feeding after breast-feeding ( sequence B ) for the first day ( 24 hours ) of the study period using simple randomization . the next day , the sequence was reversed for each child . babies received 3 actively fed complementary food meals per day ( morning , afternoon , and evening ) . semisolid study diet was prepared in the hospital by cooking rice and pulse with oil using a standard method , ensuring the energy density of at least 0.6 kcal/g . infants were allowed ad libitum breast-feeding during the observation period . intake was directly measured and breast milk intake was quantified by test weighing method . intake from complementary foods was calculated from the product of energy density of the diet served on that day and the total amount consumed . total energy intake and energy intake from breast milk and complementary foods between the 2 sequences were compared . mean ( standard deviation ) energy intake from breast milk during 12 hours of daytime by following sequence A ( complementary feeding before breast-feeding ) was 132.0 ( 67.4 ) kcal in comparison with 135.9 ( 56.2 ) kcal in sequence B , which was not statistically different ( P = 0.83 ) . mean ( standard deviation ) energy consumed from semisolids in sequences A and B was also comparable ( 88.6 [ 75.5 ] kcal vs. 85.5 [ 89.7 ] kcal ; P = 0.58 ) . total energy intake during daytime in sequence A was 220.6 ( 96.2 ) kcal in comparison with 221.5 ( 94.0 ) kcal in sequence B , which was also comparable ( P = 0.97 ) . results related to energy intake through breast milk and total energy intake were not different when insensible losses during feeding were adjusted in both groups . the sequence of complementary feeding in relation to breast-feeding does not affect total energy intake ."
1486,Abstract #1486,"homeostasis involves a high degree of regulation in which changes in absorption and biliary excretion are the main mechanisms . neonates and small infants can make these changes efficiently is unknown . evaluated the effect of age and copper intake on copper absorption in infants during the first 3 mo of life . healthy infants ( 19 infants aged 1 mo and 20 infants aged 3 mo ) were selected . of the subjects were randomly assigned to receive oral supplementation of 80 mg Cu ( as copper sulfate ) . body wt ( -1 ) . ( -1 ) for 15 d. the end of the trial , copper absorption was measured by using orally administered ( 65 ) Cu as a tracer and fecal monitoring of recovered ( 65 ) Cu . ( + / - SD ) copper absorption at 1 mo of age was 83.6 + / - 5.8 % and 74.8 + / - 9.1 % for the unsupplemented and supplemented infants , respectively . corresponding figures at 3 mo of age were 77.6 + / - 15.2 % and 77.7 + / - 11.3 % . two-way analysis of variance showed that age , copper supplementation , and the interaction between age and copper supplementation did not have a significant effect on copper absorption . was an inverse correlation between total fecal copper and the percentage of ( 65 ) Cu absorption ( r = -0.50 , P < 0.003 ) . absorption in young infants is high but does not respond to copper intake within the range tested ."
1487,Abstract #1487,"( CQ ) remains the treatment of choice for Plasmodium vivax malaria . confined to parts of Indonesia and Papua , resistance of P. vivax to CQ seems to be spreading , and alternative treatments are required . conducted a randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy and the tolerability of CQ and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine ( DP ) in 500 adults and children with acute vivax malaria on the Northwestern border of Thailand . drugs were well tolerated . and parasite clearance times were slower in the CQ than in the DP group ( P < .001 ) . day 28 , recurrent infections had emerged in 18 of 207 CQ recipients compared with 5 of 230 treated with DP ( relative risk , 4.0 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.51-10 .58 ; P = .0046 ) . cumulative risk of recurrence with P. vivax at 9 weeks was 79.1 % ( 95 % CI , 73.5 % -84.8 % ) in patients treated with CQ compared with 54.9 % ( 95 % CI , 48.2 % -61.6 % ) in those receiving DP ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 2.27 ; 95 % CI , 1.8-2 .9 ; P < .001 ) . < 5 years old were at greater risk of recurrent P. vivax infection ( 74.4 % ; 95 % CI , 63.2 % -85.6 % ) than older patients ( 55.3 % [ 95 % CI , 50.2 % -60.4 % ] ; HR , 1.58 [ 95 % CI , 1.1-2 .2 ] ; P = .005 ) . vitro susceptibility testing showed that 13 % of the tested isolates had a CQ median inhibitory concentration > 100 nmol/L , suggesting reduced susceptibility . efficacy of CQ in the treatment of P. vivax infections is declining on the Thai-Myanmar border . is an effective alternative treatment ."
1488,Abstract #1488,"tract infection is a serious complication associated with bronchoscopic biopsy . study attempted to examine its incidence and determine an efficacious therapy for preventing such infections . hundred and thirty patients who underwent bronchoscopic biopsy in Osaka City University Hospital outpatient clinic were enrolled in the study . patients were randomly assigned to receive a 3-day course of azithromycin ( 500 mg/day ) , cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride ( 300 mg/day ) or no antibiotics . primary outcome was the incidence of respiratory tract infection after bronchoscopic biopsy among the three groups . the no-treatment group , nine of the 310 patients ( 2.9 % ) had respiratory tract infection after bronchoscopic biopsy . patients with infection had abnormal bronchoscopic findings . the patients with respiratory tract infection , 60 % were in the no-treatment group , 26.7 % in the cefcapene group and 13.3 % in the azithromycin group . not statistically significant , the incidence in the azithromycin group ( 0.7 % ) was lower than in the no-treatment group ( P = 0.06 ) . the patients with abnormal bronchoscopic findings , the incidence in the azithromycin group was significantly lower than that in the no-treatment group ( 3.0 % vs. 14.8 % ; P = 0.02 ) . , maximum C-reactive protein values also appeared to be lower in the azithromycin group than in the no-treatment group and the cefcapene group . 3-day course of azithromycin administration is well tolerated and effective in preventing infection post bronchoscopy ."
1489,Abstract #1489,"purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of oral calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and to compare the effects of cholecalciferol versus calcitriol treatments on postoperative hypocalcemia . total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection , 306 patients were divided into 4 groups according to `` routine use versus on-demand use '' and `` cholecalciferol versus calcitriol . '' symptoms developed in 101 patients ( 33.0 % ) . developed less frequently in patients receiving routine supplementation regardless of vitamin D type . , routine supplementation did not prevent severe hypocalcemia . patients receiving on-demand supplements , calcitriol was more effective and faster acting than was cholecalciferol . oral calcium and vitamin D supplements are beneficial after total thyroidectomy with central neck lymph node dissection with no difference between cholecalciferol and calcitriol . taken after the onset of hypocalcemia , however , calcitriol along with calcium carbonate seems to be more effective than is cholecalciferol with calcium carbonate ."
1490,Abstract #1490,"cognitive behavioural therapy ( ICBT ) has been found to be effective for a range of anxiety disorders . , most studies have focused on one specific primary diagnosis and co-morbidity has not been considered . primary care settings , patients with anxiety often suffer from more than one psychiatric condition , making it difficult to disseminate ICBT for specific conditions . aim of this study will be to investigate if ICBT tailored according to symptom profile can be a feasible treatment for primary care patients with anxiety disorders . is a randomised controlled trial aimed to evaluate the treatment against an active control group . with anxiety disorders and co-morbid conditions ( N = 128 ) , will be recruited from a primary care population . Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation ( CORE-OM ) will serve as the primary outcome measure . measures include self-reported depression , anxiety , quality of life and loss of production and the use of health care . assessments will be collected via the Internet and measure points will be baseline , post treatment and 12 months post treatment . trial will add to the body of knowledge on the effectiveness of ICBT for anxiety disorders in primary care . trial will also add knowledge on the long term effects of ICBT when delivered for regular clinic patients : NCT01390168 ."
1491,Abstract #1491,"osteodystrophy is the major complication in patients with end-stage renal failure . or intravenous vitamin D3 ( D3 ) is given to these patients , but severe hypercalcaemia sometimes interrupts this therapy . study was undertaken to determine whether the effectiveness and safety of D3 also depend on its dosing time during a repeated treatment . higher dose ( 3 micro g ) was given orally to 13 haemodialysis patients at 08.00 h or 20.00 h for 12 months by a randomized , cross-over design . patients were withdrawn due to severe hypercalcaemia after switching from 08.00 h to 20.00 h dosings . elevation in serum calcium concentration was significantly ( P < 0.001 ) greater during the 08.00 h dosing in the remaining ten patients . serum Ca concentration after the trial was 10.92 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 10.79 , 11.06 ) and 9.55 mg dl-1 ( 95 % CI 9.30 , 9.71 ) by 08.00 h and 20.00 h dosing , respectively . the other hand , the suppression of the elevated serum parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) and subsequent increment in bone density were significantly greater during the 08.00 h dosing . PTH concentration after the trial was 414 ( 95 % CI 360 , 475 ) and 220 pg ml-1 ( 95 % CI 202 , 249 ) by 08.00 h and 20.00 h dosing , respectively ( P = 0.02 ) . increment of bone density after the trial was 22 ( 95 % CI 8 , 32 ) and 57 g cm-3 ( 95 % CI 43 , 83 ) by 08.00 h and 20.00 h dosing , respectively ( P = 0.04 ) . results indicate that a higher dose of oral D3 is more effective and safe after dosing at evening in patients with renal osteodystrophy ."
1492,Abstract #1492,"evaluate the physiological walking distance measured with the Peripheral Arterial Disease Holter Control device ( PADHOC ) after 12 months of treatment with naftidrofuryl in a double blind placebo controlled , parallel group study , in patients presenting with intermittent claudication . outpatients selected were of both sexes , aged 40 to 80 , with a chronic , stable intermittent claudication and an ankle brachial index between 0.60 and 0.90 . received naftidrofuryl 200 mg tid or placebo for 12 months . measures included physiological painfree and maximal walking distances using the PADHOC device . principle of this device is the measurement of the intermalleolar distances using ultrasound telemetry . PADHOC measures the walking distance and the speed profile in an ambulatory subject . patients were randomised and 168 entered the intention to treat analysis . two groups were well matched for demographic variables , risk factors and history of vascular disease . 12-month treatment , patients who received naftidrofuryl had a 107 % improvement of geometric physiological pain-free walking distance versus 12 % in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) and 74 % improvement of geometric maximal physiological walking distance versus 1 % in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . study demonstrates the efficacy of naftidrofuryl versus placebo in patients with intermittent claudication using a new device measuring the walking distances of the patients in a more physiological way than the treadmill test ."
1493,Abstract #1493,"evaluate the effectiveness of local delivery of heparin via hydrogel-coated balloons in the treatment of vascular stenoses associated with hemodialysis access . was a randomized , prospective trial comparing treatment with hydrogel-coated balloon catheters delivered with heparin coating ( n = 33 ) and without ( n = 26 ) . patients were undergoing hemodialysis , and all stenoses involved the venous anastomosis of a dialysis graft or a native vein . heparin-treated balloons were soaked in concentrated heparin and delivered in a protected manner to help prevent washout of heparin . mean primary patencies were 143 days with heparin treatment and 214 days without heparin ( P = .174 ) . mean assisted primary patencies were 165 days with heparin and 194 days without ( P = .315 ) . mean secondary patencies were 351 days with heparin and 384 without ( P = .81 ) . this population with this technique , the treatment outcome of venous outflow stenosis in patients with dialysis grafts is not improved with local delivery of heparin ."
1494,Abstract #1494,"aim of the current study was to assess whether a multifaceted intervention could improve mental health literacy , facilitate help seeking and reduce psychological distress and alcohol misuse in students of a multicampus university in Melbourne , Australia . this cluster randomized trial , nine university campuses were paired ( some pairs included more than one campus ) , with one of each pair randomly assigned to either the intervention or control condition . interventions were designed to be whole-of-campus and to run over 2 academic years with their effectiveness assessed through recruitment of a monitoring sample of students from each campus . included emails , posters , campus events , factsheets/booklets and mental health first aid training courses . had a 20-min telephone interview at baseline and at the end of academic years 1 and 2 . assessed mental health literacy , help seeking , psychological distress and alcohol use . primary outcomes were depression and anxiety levels and alcohol use and pertained to the individual level . were no effects on psychological distress and alcohol use . of intervention elements was greater in the intervention group at the end of year 2 . in the intervention group were more likely to say they would go to a drug and alcohol centre for alcohol problems at the end of 6 months . education and awareness may play a role in improving mental health literacy , it is likely that , to achieve changes in psychological distress , interventions would need to be more personalized and intensive ."
1495,Abstract #1495,"study the effect selective of - blocker ( tamsulosin HCl ) on erectile function in married male patients who are suspected to have benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) . study was a prospective randomized single blinded study in one-to-one fashion conducted upon 60 patients , all of them married , between May 2010 and May 2011 , the patients under the study were attending the outpatient clinic of the New Kasr Al-Aini Teaching Hospital and Students Hospital , Cairo University , complaining of lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) either obstructive , irritative , or both and erectile dysfunction ( ED ) . was taken from all patients ; all patients were examined by digital rectal examination and abdominal examination . performed pelvic ultrasound , serum prostatic-specific antigen ( PSA ) measurements , other routine investigations , and uroflowmetry . of sexual function changes was by the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) and penile Doppler ultrasound . the tamsulosin group , a significant statistical improvement was detected in the erectile function score and intercourse satisfaction score with significant improvement in total IIEF beside the improvement in the International Prostatic Symptom Score ( IPSS ) . orgasmic function score showed significant worsening . HCl capsules showed a significant statistical improvement in the erectile function , sexual desire , and intercourse satisfaction score with significant improvement in total IIEF in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms because of benign prostatic hyperplasia ."
1496,Abstract #1496,"syndrome ( MetS ) and depression have become two prevalent diseases worldwide , whose interaction needs further investigation . treatment for weight loss in patients with MetS may improve depressive manifestations , however , the precise interactive pathways remain uncertain . , the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a hypocaloric diet designed to reduce MetS features on self-perceived depression and the possible underlying factors . subjects ( Age : 50 1 y ; BMI : 36.1 0.6 kg/m ( 2 ) ) with MetS were selected from the RESMENA study ( control and intervention ) after they completed the 6-months hypocaloric treatment and rated for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) . and biochemical measurements including leptin , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and insulin levels were evaluated . symptoms decreased during the weight loss intervention , with no differences between both dietary groups ( control group -4.2 0.8 vs RESMENA group -3.2 0.6 , P = 0.490 ) . number of criteria of the MetS was higher among subjects with more somatic-related depressive symptoms at baseline ( B = 1.032 , P-trend = 0.017 ) . six months of dietary treatment , body weight decreased in all subjects ( -8.7 % ; confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) = 7.0-9 .7 ) and also self-perceived depression ( -37.9 % ; 95 % CI = 2.7-4 .9 ) , as well as circulating leptin ( -20.1 % ; 95 % CI = 1.8-6 .8 ) , CRP ( -42.8 % ; 95 % CI = 0.6-3 .0 ) and insulin ( -37.7 % ; 95 % CI = 4.1-7 .2 ) concentrations . decrease in BDI was significantly associated with declines in body fat mass ( B = 0.34 , 95 % CI = 0.11-0 .56 ) and also with the decrease in leptin ( B = 0.16 , 95 % CI = 0.04-0 .28 ) and CRP ( B = 0.24 , 95 % CI = 0.01-0 .46 ) concentrations . decrease in depressive manifestations after a weight loss intervention was related with adiposity , CRP and leptin in subjects with MetS . : NCT01087086 ."
1497,Abstract #1497,"compare the therapeutic effects of triple puncture at Tianzong ( SI 11 ) and routine acupuncture on obstinate tennis elbow . cases were randomly divided into 2 groups . treatment group of 32 cases were treated with triple puncture at Tianzong ( SI 11 ) combined with local points of the elbow , and the control group of 30 cases were treated with local points of the elbow . one therapeutic course , changes of the symptoms and signs between the two groups were compared . cured rate of 71.900 in the treatment group was significantly better than 43.3 % in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . puncture combined with routine acupoint selection therapy has a better therapeutic effect on obstinate tennis elbow than the routine acopoint selection therapy ."
1498,Abstract #1498,"peripheral neuropathy is a common and sometimes debilitating toxicity associated with paclitaxel therapy . study aims to identify genetic risk factors for the development of this toxicity . prospective pharmacogenetic analysis of patients with primary breast cancer , randomized to the paclitaxel arm of CALGB 40101 , was used to identify genetic predictors of the onset and severity of sensory peripheral neuropathy . genome-wide association study in 855 subjects of European ancestry was conducted and findings were replicated in additional European ( n = 154 ) and African American ( n = 117 ) subjects . single nucleotide polymorphism in FGD4 was associated with the onset of sensory peripheral neuropathy in the discovery cohort [ rs10771973 ; HR , 1.57 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 1.30-1 .91 ; P = 2.6 10 ( -6 ) ] and in a European ( HR , 1.72 ; 95 % CI , 1.06-2 .80 ; P = 0.013 ) and African American ( HR , 1.93 ; 95 % CI , 1.13-3 .28 ; P = 6.7 10 ( -3 ) ) replication cohort . is also evidence that markers in additional genes , including EPHA5 ( rs7349683 ) and FZD3 ( rs10771973 ) , were associated with the onset or severity of paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy . genome-wide association study has identified novel genetic markers of paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy , including a common polymorphism in FGD4 , a congenital peripheral neuropathy gene . findings suggest that genetic variation may contribute to variation in development of this toxicity . of these findings may allow for the identification of patients at increased risk of peripheral neuropathy and inform the use of an alternative to paclitaxel and/or the clinical management of this toxicity ."
1499,Abstract #1499,"randomized clinical trial with 4-week and 6-month follow-up periods . compare the effect of a fear-avoidance-based physical therapy intervention with standard care physical therapy for patients with acute low back pain . disability reduction strategy of secondary prevention involves providing specific treatment for patients that are likely to have chronic disability from low back pain . studies have indicated that elevated fear-avoidance beliefs are a precursor to chronic disability from low back pain . , the effectiveness of physical therapy intervention based on a fear-avoidance model is unknown . consecutive patients referred to physical therapy with low back pain of less than 8 weeks ' duration were randomly assigned to receive fear-avoidance-based physical therapy ( n = 34 ) or standard care physical therapy ( n = 32 ) . intervention period lasted 4 weeks for this study . , pain intensity , and fear-avoidance beliefs measures were recorded before and after treatment . 6-month follow-up of the same measures was obtained by mail . intention-to-treat principle ( last value forward ) was used for data analyses that tested the primary and secondary hypotheses . prediction of disability at 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment was significantly improved by considering the interaction between the type of treatment and the initial level of fear-avoidance beliefs . groups had significant within group improvements for disability and pain intensity . fear-avoidance treatment group had a significant improvement in fear-avoidance beliefs , and fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity were significantly lower than the standard care group at 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment . with elevated fear-avoidance beliefs appeared to have less disability from fear-avoidance-based physical therapy when compared to those receiving standard care physical therapy . with lower fear-avoidance beliefs appeared to have more disability from fear-avoidance-based physical therapy , when compared to those receiving standard care physical therapy . addition , physical therapy supplemented with fear-avoidance-based principles contributed to a positive shift in fear-avoidance beliefs ."
1500,Abstract #1500,"investigate whether an insulin sensitizer has any effect on amenorrhea and clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism in Chinese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ) . controlled double-blind trial . tertiary referral center , Hong Kong . women who fulfilled the Rotterdam criteria of PCOS ( n = 70 ) . 4 mg daily for the first month followed by 4 mg twice daily for 11 months . status as well as clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism . is a significantly higher rate of regular menses among the treatment arm ( 16 [ 50.0 % ] of 32 vs 4 [ 11.8 % ] of 34 ) at 6 months and the improvement appeared to be sustained ( 10 [ 41.7 % ] of 24 vs 6 [ 20.0 % ] of 30 ) at 12 months . was no change in the acne and hirsutism scores as well as serum T levels in both arms . found a possible benefit in menstrual cyclicity but a lack of improvement in hyperandrogenism in our Chinese population . ( Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ) ."
1501,Abstract #1501,"risk factors related to the insulin resistance syndrome tend to cluster in the same individual . previous studies have shown that the dyslipidemia characteristic of this syndrome -- low HDL cholesterol and high triglyceride ( TG ) levels -- responds well to treatment with gemfibrozil . factors related to insulin-resistance syndrome decrease fibrinolytic capacity , whereas a recent study showed that gemfibrozil improves it and thus may attenuate thrombotic events . discover whether subjects with clustering of factors related to this resistance might in particular benefit from gemfibrozil , we reanalyzed the Helsinki Heart Study data . used Cox regression models to explore the effects of gemfibrozil among overweight subjects with additional coronary risk factors in this hypercholesterolemic male population of 2046 subjects randomized to gemfibrozil and 2035 to placebo . effect of gemfibrozil was largely confined to overweight subjects : among those with body mass index ( BMI ) > 26 kg/m2 , the net difference in cardiac end points between gemfibrozil and placebo groups was 21 ( 25 of 1119 versus 46 of 1081 ) , and in those with BMI < or = 26 kg/m2 , it was 7 ( 31 of 927 versus 38 of 954 ) . risk reduction with gemfibrozil was 78 % ( P = .002 ) among those with BMI > 26 kg/m2 and dyslipidemia ( TG > or = 2.3 mmol/L and HDL cholesterol < 1.08 mmol/L ) . those with BMI > 26 kg/m2 and three or four of the following factors present -- smoking , sedentary lifestyle , blood pressure > or = 140/90 mm Hg , or blood glucose > 4.4 mmol/L -- the risk reduction was 68 % ( P = .03 ) . reduced the coronary risk mainly in overweight subjects with additional risk factors known to contribute to the insulin-resistance syndrome or predispose to it ."
1502,Abstract #1502,"stimulation parameters can influence the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of paired associative stimulation ( PAS ) , a neurostimulation paradigm that repeatedly pairs a peripheral electrical with a central cortical ( transcranial magnetic stimulation [ TMS ] ) stimulus . also appears to be the case when PAS is applied to the pharyngeal motor cortex ( MI ) , with some variability in excitatory responses , questioning its translation into a useful therapy for patients with brain injury . investigate whether repeated PAS in both `` responders '' and `` nonresponders '' could enhance cortical excitability in pharyngeal MI more robustly . on their responses after single PAS , healthy participants were stratified into 2 groups of `` responders '' and `` nonresponders '' and underwent 2 periods ( 60 minutes inter-PAS interval ) of active and sham PAS in a randomized order . measurements with single TMS pulses from pharyngeal motor representation were collected up to 90 minutes after the second PAS period . PAS increased cortical excitability up to 95 % at 60 minutes following the second PAS in both the `` responders '' and `` nonresponders . '' , cortical excitability in the `` nonresponders '' was significantly different after repeated PAS compared with single and sham application ( P = .02 ; z = -2.2 ) . dose PAS switched `` nonresponders '' to `` responders . '' results are important for PAS application to dysphagic stroke patients who do not initially respond to a single application ."
1503,Abstract #1503,"capsule endoscopy ( VCE ) is recommended as the first exploration in obscure digestive bleeding . efficiency of the PillCam SB2 ( Given Imaging ) has been widely reported . CapsoCam capsule ( Capsovision ) has four cameras allowing the exploration of the small bowel through 360 lateral viewing . system does not include a recording system so the capsule has to be retrieved by the patient after expulsion in order for the film to be downloaded . aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic concordance ( kappa value ) of the PillCam SB2 and CapsoCam capsules in the same patients . was a prospective comparative study in four French referral endoscopy units . patients ingested the two capsules 1 hour apart and in a randomized order . the 73 included patients there were 13 technical issues ( 11 CapsoCam , 2 PillCam SB2 ) . the 60 patients with analyzable data , and following expert review of all discordant cases , a concordant positive diagnosis was obtained in 23 ( 38.3 % ) and a negative diagnosis was obtained and 26 patients ( 43.3 % ) . was good , with a kappa value of 0.63 in analyzable patients , and 46.7 % diagnosis with CapsoCam vs. 48.3 % with PillCam SB2.CapsoCam and PillCam SB2 procedures identified 81.8 % ( 27/33 ) and 84.8 % ( 28/33 ) of positive patients , respectively ( P = 0.791 ) . a per lesion analysis , the CapsoCam capsule detected significantly more lesions ( 108 vs. 85 lesions ; P = 0.001 ) . time was longer for CapsoCam procedures ( 32.0 vs. 26.2 minutes ; P = 0.002 ) . study shows comparable efficiency of the CapsoCam and PillCam SB2 capsule systems in terms of diagnostic yield and image quality ."
1504,Abstract #1504,"index ( BIS ) has been associated with benefits from less-deep anesthesia as well as preventing awareness , albeit not at the same time . investigated how increasing experience from BIS in clinical practice affect the hypnotic level , drug consumption , as well as subjective opinions on this monitoring . certified registered nurse anesthetists ( CRNAs ) with previous experience from 88 ( 46-121 ) BIS monitored cases anesthetized 80 cases with concealed BIS , followed by 80 cases with available BIS . education and training was followed by yet another 160 patients randomized to open or blindly recorded BIS . levels , anesthetic gas consumption , fentanyl use , and subjective opinions on utility and reliability were investigated . gaining initial experience from BIS monitoring , the fraction of time with BIS levels of 40-60 did not deteriorate in cases with concealed monitoring and no further improvement was found in subsequent cases with available data from the BIS monitoring , not even after additional training and encouragement to adhere to the 40-60 interval . with the first experience from BIS monitoring the subjective opinions on utility had increased from 33 to 78 mm ( 100 mm visual analog scales ) ( P < 0.0001 ) . BIS became considerably appreciated , growing experience and repeated education had no impact on drug dosing and BIS levels ."
1505,Abstract #1505,"observations showed that long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 LCPUFA ) could represent a potential treatment for elderly depression . determine if a n-3 LCPUFA containing supplement improves depressive symptoms , changes phospholipids acids profile and ameliorates Health related quality of life ( HRQoL ) in depressed elderly patients . , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . home in Pavia , Italy . depressed females , aged 66-95 years . depressed females were included in the intervention group ( n-3 group , that received 2.5 g/day of n-3 LCPUFA , with 1.67 grams of EPA and 0.83 grams of DHA ) , and 24 patients in the placebo group . primary endpoint was the improvement of depressive symptoms as evaluated by Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) . endpoints were the evaluation of modifications of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids fatty acid profile and of of HRQoL , by using the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey ( SF-36 ) . parameters were assessed before and after the treatment period of 8 weeks . mean GDS at 2 months was significantly lowered only for the n-3 group . physical and mental components were significantly increased in the intervention group . was good , as confirmed by erythrocyte membrane phospholipid FA concentrations , with significant increase of EPA and DHA in the intervention group . supplementation of n-3 LCPUFA in elderly female patients reduces the occurrence of depressive symptoms , improves phospholipids fatty acids profile and health-related quality of life ."
1506,Abstract #1506,"Composite Variability Index ( CVI ) , derived from the electroencephalogram , was developed to assess the antinociception-nociception balance , whereas the Bispectral Index ( BIS ) was developed to assess the hypnotic state during anesthesia . studied the relationships between these indices , level of hypnosis ( BIS level ) , and antinociception ( predicted remifentanil effect-site concentrations , CeREMI ) before and after stimulation . , we measured their association with movement in response to a noxious stimulus . randomized 120 patients to one of 12 groups targeting different hypnotic levels ( BIS 70 , 50 , and 30 ) and various CeREMI ( 0 , 2 , 4 , or 6 ng/mL ) . pseudo-steady state , baseline values were observed , and a series of stimuli were applied . in BIS , CVI , heart rate ( HR ) , and mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) between baseline and response period were analyzed in relation to level of hypnosis , antinociception , and somatic response to the stimuli . and BIS more accurately correlate with somatic response to an Observer Assessment of Alertness and Sedation-noxious stimulation than HR , MAP , CeREMI , and propofol effect-site concentration ( Tukey post hoc tests P < 0.01 ) . in CVI is more adequate to monitor response to stimulation than changes in BIS , HR , or MAP ( as described by the Mathews Correlation Coefficient with significance level set at P < 0.001 ) . contrast , none of the candidate analgesic state indices was uniquely related to a specific opioid concentration and is extensively influenced by the hypnotic state as measured by BIS . appears to correlate with somatic responses to noxious stimuli . , unstimulated CVI depends more on hypnotic drug effect than on opioid concentration ."
1507,Abstract #1507,"small open label studies have shown that the advanced glycation end-product ( AGE ) breaker alagebrium may improve cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure ( HF ) . report the design , methods and baseline characteristics of a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of alagebrium ( BENEFICIAL ) in patients with HF and a left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) < or = 0.45 . with NYHA II-IV stable HF for at least 3 months were eligible for this study . hundred and two patients were included in the study and randomized to either 200 mg alagebrium twice daily or placebo for a period of 36 weeks . mean age of patients was 60 + / - 11 years , 78 % were male , and 17 % were diabetic . peak VO ( 2 ) was 21.7 + / - 5.9 mL/min/kg , mean LVEF was 0.32 + / - 0.09 . function was worse ( mean early tissue diastolic velocity ( E ' ) 4.6 + / - 1.7 vs. 6.1 + / - 2.0 cm/s ; P < 0.001 ) in patients with LVEF < or = 0.35 compared to patients with LVEF between 0.35 and 0.45 . BENEFICIAL study is a proof-of-concept study that will provide new data on the efficacy and safety of the AGE crosslink breaker alagebrium in systolic HF patients . number of this trial is NCT00516646 ."
1508,Abstract #1508,"fundoplication is an accepted treatment for symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease . aim of this study was to clarify whether total ( Nissen ) or partial ( Toupet ) fundoplication is preferable , and whether preoperative oesophageal manometry should be used to determine the degree of fundoplication performed . oesophageal manometry was used to stratify 127 patients with established gastro-oesophageal reflux disease into effective ( 75 ) and ineffective ( 52 ) oesophageal motility groups . in each group were randomized to Nissen ( 64 ) or Toupet ( 63 ) fundoplication . significant differences between the operative groups were seen in heartburn , regurgitation or other reflux-related symptoms up to 1 year after surgery . of any degree ( 27 versus 9 per cent ; P = 0.018 ) and chest pain on eating ( 22 versus 5 per cent ; P = 0.018 ) were more prevalent at 1 year in the Nissen group . were no differences in postoperative symptoms between the effective and ineffective motility groups . failed in eight patients on postoperative pH criteria , three in the Nissen group and five in the Toupet group . differences in the symptomatic outcome of laparoscopic Nissen and Toupet fundoplication appear minimal . is no reason to tailor the degree of fundoplication to preoperative oesophageal manometry ."
1509,Abstract #1509,"compare the speed of clinical efficacy for two currently available topical antibiotics : polymyxin B sulfate/trimethoprim ( polymyxin/trimethoprim ) and 0.5 % moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution . eyes of 56 patients younger than 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis were enrolled in this multicenter study . were randomly assigned to receive either 1 drop of polymyxin/trimethoprim four times daily for 7 days or 1 drop of 0.5 % moxifloxacin three times daily for 7 days . signs and symptoms were evaluated at baseline and 24 and 48 hours after the start of dosing . cultures were collected at baseline and 48 hours . rated ocular symptoms and adverse events on day 7 via telephone interview . efficacy assessment included relief of all signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis . patients but one completed all visits . the 48-hour visit , complete resolution of ocular signs and symptoms was observed in 81 % of the patients treated with moxifloxacin and 44 % of the patients treated with polymyxin/trimethoprim ( P = .001 ) . adverse events were reported . 0.5 % administered three times daily is safe and cures bacterial conjunctivitis more effectively and significantly faster than polymyxin/trimethoprim dosed four times daily . majority of patients were cured and symptom-free by 48 hours . , moxifloxacin is cost-effective and significantly more efficacious than polymyxin/trimethoprim in the speed by which it reduces the symptoms and disease transmission ."
1510,Abstract #1510,"compare two surgical techniques and two types of suture material for anal sphincter repair after childbirth-related injury . randomised controlled trial . referral maternity unit . with an anal sphincter injury sustained during childbirth . were randomised into four groups : overlap repair with polyglactin ( Vicryl ) ; end-to-end repair with polyglactin ( Vicryl ) ; overlap repair with polydioxanone ( PDS ) ; and end-to-end repair with PDS . repairs were completed as a primary procedure by staff trained in both methods . morbidity at six weeks . symptoms at 3 , 6 and 12 months . physiology at three months . of life scores at 3 and 12 months . hundred and fifty women ( 1.5 % of deliveries ) were eligible and 112 ( 75 % ) were randomised . hundred and three ( 92 % ) attended follow up visit at 6 weeks , 89 ( 80 % ) at 3 months , 79 ( 71 % ) at 6 months and 60 ( 54 % ) at 12 months . six weeks , there was no difference in suture-related morbidity between groups ( P = 0.11 ) and 70 % patients were completely asymptomatic . of bowel symptoms and quality of life disturbances were low , with no differences between the four groups . anal sphincter repair carried out by appropriately trained staff is associated with low morbidity , irrespective of the suture material and repair method used ."
1511,Abstract #1511,"falciparum ( PF ) infection can lead to severe complications . acid ( UDCA ) is increasingly used for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases . present study aims to determine the effects of combined UDCA and artesunate compared to placebo and artesunate on the improvement of liver tests in severe PF jaundiced patients . severe PF jaundiced patients , aged > or = 15 years and diagnosed as having severe malaria according to WHO 2000 criteria , were enrolled . with evidence of biliary obstruction , other cholestatic liver diseases and those who were pregnant were excluded . were randomized to receive either oral UDCA or placebo for 2 weeks in additional to artesunate . patients were admitted for at least 14 days to monitor the result of the treatment . severe PF malaria patients with jaundice were enrolled . groups had similar demographic and laboratory tests , with the exception being more males in the UDCA group than in the placebo group ( P = 0.04 ) . median of percentage change of total bilirubin and aminotransferase levels at the end of weeks 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 showed no difference between the two groups . the median of percentage change of alkaline phosphatase at the end of week one compared with the baseline values showed less increment in the UDCA group than in the placebo group ( P = 0.04 ) . serious adverse events were seen during the 4 weeks of follow up . severe PF malaria patients with jaundice , combined therapy with UDCA and artesunate is safe , but does not significantly improve liver tests compared to placebo and artesunate ."
1512,Abstract #1512,"anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) cause lower gastrointestinal ( GI ) clinical events such as bleeding . ( COX ) -2 selective inhibitors decrease upper GI events , but no prospective trial has prespecified assessment of lower GI clinical events . > or = 50 years old with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned to etoricoxib ( 60 or 90 mg qd ) or diclofenac ( 150 mg qd ) . GI clinical events , confirmed by a blinded adjudication committee , included perforation or obstruction requiring hospitalization or bleeding ( gross or occult rectal bleeding without upper GI cause associated with hypotension , orthostatic changes in heart rate [ > 20 beats per minute ] or blood pressure [ > 20 mmHg systolic or > 10 mmHg diastolic ] , hemoglobin drop > or = 2 g/dl , or transfusion ; or observed active bleeding or stigmata of hemorrhage ) . enrolled 34,701 patients with mean duration of therapy of 18 months . were 0.32 and 0.38 lower GI clinical events per 100 patient-years for etoricoxib and diclofenac ( hazard ratio [ HR ] = 0.84 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.63-1 .13 ) . was the most common event ( rates of 0.19 and 0.23 per 100 patient-years , respectively ) . analysis revealed significant risk factors to be prior lower GI event ( HR = 4.06 ; 95 % CI , 2.93-5 .62 ) and age > or = 65 years ( HR = 1.98 ; 95 % CI , 1.45-2 .71 ) . statistically significant decrease in lower GI clinical events was not seen with the COX-2 selective inhibitor etoricoxib versus the traditional NSAID diclofenac . risk of a lower GI clinical event with NSAID use seems to be constant over time , and the major risk factors are a prior lower GI event and older age ."
1513,Abstract #1513,"Tara KLamp ( TK ) device has been claimed to enable circumcisions to be performed safely and easily in medical and non-medical environments . evaluation studies have been conducted among young children only . a randomised controlled trial ( RCT ) on 3 274 participants on the impact of male circumcision on HIV transmission , 69 control group members participated in this male circumcision methods trial and were randomised to a forceps-guided ( FG ) group and a TK group , and circumcised . the 166 men asked to participate , 97 declined , most ( 94 ) refusing circumcision by the TK technique ; 34 men were randomised to the FG group and 35 to the TK group , and 32 and 24 patients were circumcised by the FG and TK methods respectively , of whom 29 and 19 respectively attended the post-circumcision visit . 12 adverse event sheets corresponded to the TK group ( p < 0.001 ) and circumcisions by the TK method . favourable outcomes were associated with the TK method , including any sign of an adverse event ( 37 % v. 3 % ; p = 0.004 ) , delayed wound healing ( 21 % v. 3 % ; p = 0.004 ) and problems with penis appearance ( 31 % v. 3 % ; p = 0.001 ) . randomised to the TK method were significantly more likely to report bleeding ( 21 % v. 0 % ; p = 0.02 ) , injury to the penis ( 21 % v. 0 % ; p = 0.02 ) , infection ( 32 % v. 0 % ; p = 0.002 ) , swelling ( 83 % / v. 0 % ; p < 0.001 ) , and problems with urinating ( 16 % v. 0 % ; p = 0.056 ) . mean score of self-estimated pain was 9.5 for participants circumcised by TK compared with 6.1 for other participants ( adjusted p = 0.003 ) . study provides compelling evidence that strongly cautions against use of the TK method on young adults ."
1514,Abstract #1514,"many healthcare providers and researchers consider it necessary to assist patients with end-stage chronic illnesses to plan for the end of life , they tend to avoid discussing end-of-life issues with patients before major surgery . , surgical patients and their families generally have insufficient knowledge to make plans in case of life-threatening complications . objective of this study was to evaluate short-term effects of Patient-Centered Advance Care Planning ( PC-ACP ) . dyads of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and their surrogates were randomly assigned to receive either the PC-ACP intervention ( PC-ACP ) or usual care . studied were patient-surrogate congruence regarding goals for future medical care , patient and surrogate knowledge of advance care planning and anxiety , and patient decisional conflict . and anxiety were measured before and after the intervention . conflict and knowledge of advance care planning were measured after the intervention . with the control group , PC-ACP significantly improved patient-surrogate congruence ( Delta = 1.27 , P < 0.01 ) and reduced patients ' decisional conflict ( Delta = -0.77 , P < 0.05 ) . change ( pre/post ) did not differ between treatment and control groups . difference in knowledge of advance care planning was found between the 2 groups . PC-ACP can be an effective approach to advance care planning . specificity and relevance to patients ' actual medical conditions ( as exemplified by its plans for potential complications related to cardiac surgery ) can lead to greater patient-surrogate congruence without increasing decisional conflict and anxiety ."
1515,Abstract #1515,"of a saline-linked radiofrequency coagulator ( dissecting sealer ) has been suggested to reduce blood loss during hepatic resection . randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the effects of using the device on the amount of blood loss . scheduled to undergo hepatic resection were randomly assigned to either use of the dissecting sealer or the clamp crushing method . primary outcome measure was blood loss during liver parenchymal division . analysis was also performed . consecutive patients underwent hepatic resection and 40 patients were assigned to each group . were no significant differences between the dissecting sealer and clamp crushing groups in blood loss during liver parenchymal division ( median 373 versus 535 ml ; P = 0.252 ) or total intraoperative blood loss ( 665 versus 733 ml ; P = 0.450 ) . analysis revealed that use of the dissecting sealer offered no protection against blood loss compared with the clamp crushing method ( odds ratio 1.17 ( 95 per cent confidence interval 0.39 to 3.53 ) ; P = 0.777 ) , whereas number of resections , thoracotomy and type of resection had a significant effect . of a dissecting sealer offered no substantial benefit over the clamp crushing method in reducing blood loss during hepatic resection ."
1516,Abstract #1516,"aim of this single-masked , randomized controlled clinical trial is to compare hard and soft tissue changes after ridge preservation performed with ( control , RPc ) and without ( test , RPe ) primary soft tissue closure in a split-mouth design . patients completed this 6-month trial . and ridge preservation were performed using a composite bone graft of inorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix and cell binding peptide P-15 ( ABM/P -15 ) , demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft , and a copolymer bioabsorbable membrane . wound closure was achieved on the control sites ( RPc ) , whereas test sites ( RPe ) left the membrane exposed . probing depth on adjacent teeth , repositioning of the mucogingival junction , bone width , bone fill , and postoperative discomfort were assessed . cores were obtained for histological examination . analyses for both groups demonstrated statistically significant mean reductions in probing depth ( RPc : 0.42 mm , P = 0.012 ; RPe : 0.25 mm , P = 0.012 ) and bone width ( RPc : 3 mm , P = 0.002 ; RPe : 3.42 mm , P < 0.001 ) . , intergroup analysis did not find these parameters to be statistically different at 6 months . test group showed statistically significant mean change in bone fill ( 7.21 mm ; P < 0.001 ) . to the control group , the test group showed statistically significant lower mean postoperative discomfort ( RPc 4 versus RPe 2 ; P = 0.002 ) . analysis showed presence of 0 % to 40 % of ABM/P -15 and 5 % to 20 % of new bone formation in both groups . of clinical variables between the two groups at 6 months revealed that the mucogingival junction was statistically significantly more coronally displaced in the control group than in the test group , with a mean of 3.83 mm versus 1.21 mm ( P = 0.002 ) . preservation without flap advancement preserves more keratinized tissue and has less postoperative discomfort and swelling . ridge preservation is performed with either method , 27 % to 30 % of bone width is lost ."
1517,Abstract #1517,"observe the therapeutic effect of modified Zhizhu pill ( ZZP ) in treating gastro-esophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) and to explore its mechanism . GERD patients were randomly divided into the treated group ( n = 30 ) and the control group ( n = 33 ) . treated group was treated with ZZP 100 ml , twice daily by orally taking half an hour before meal . control group was treated with Ranitidine 0.15 g , twice daily and Cisapride 10 mg , three times a day by orally taking before meal . therapeutic course for both groups was 8 weeks . changes of symptom scoring , endoscopic examination , esophageal pressure , 24 hrs monitoring on pH and blood level of motilin in the two groups were recorded and compared . treatment , the symptom scoring , esophageal pressure , 24 hrs monitoring on pH and blood motilin level were improved in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) , and the improvement in the treated group was more significant than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . has good effect in treating GERD ."
1518,Abstract #1518,"anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is associated with high mortality primarily due to toxin-mediated injury . is a human IgG1lambda monoclonal antibody directed against protective antigen , a component of the anthrax toxin . evaluated the efficacy of raxibacumab as a prophylactic agent and after disease onset in a total of four randomized , placebo-controlled studies conducted in rabbits and monkeys . were exposed to an aerosolized target exposure of B. anthracis spores that was approximately 100 times ( in the prophylactic studies ) and 200 times ( in the therapeutic-intervention studies ) the median lethal dose . the therapeutic-intervention studies , animals were monitored for the onset of symptoms . with detectable protective antigen in serum , a significant increase in temperature , or both received a single intravenous bolus of placebo or raxibacumab at a dose of either 20 mg per kilogram of body weight or 40 mg per kilogram . primary end point was survival at day 14 ( in rabbits ) or at day 28 ( in monkeys ) . studies were conducted with intravenous raxibacumab ( 40 mg per kilogram ) in 333 healthy human volunteers . both rabbits and monkeys , the time to detection of protective antigen correlated with the time to bacteremia ( r = 0.9 , P < 0.001 ) . the therapeutic-intervention studies , the survival rate was significantly higher among rabbits that received raxibacumab at a dose of 40 mg per kilogram ( 44 % [ 8 of 18 ] ) than among rabbits that received placebo ( 0 % [ 0 of 18 ] ; P = 0.003 ) . treatment also significantly increased survival in monkeys ( 64 % [ 9 of 14 ] , vs. 0 % [ 0 of 12 ] with placebo ; P < 0.001 ) . human subjects , intravenous raxibacumab at a dose of 40 mg per kilogram had a half-life of 20 to 22 days and provided a maximum concentration of the drug in excess of levels that are protective in animals . of raxibacumab provide a surrogate end point that should be predictive of clinical benefit . single dose of raxibacumab improved survival in rabbits and monkeys with symptomatic inhalational anthrax . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00639678 . )"
1519,Abstract #1519,"investigate the effectiveness of insulin on decreasing serum potassium concentration during anhepatic stage of orthotopic liver transplantation . patients with serum potassium concentrations greater than 4.0 mmol/L at the onset of anhepatic stage were randomized into two groups . patients in control group ( n = 8 ) received no treatment , while those in treatment group ( n = 8 ) received an intravenous bolus injection of regular insulin ( 20 U ) 10 min into the anhepatic stage , followed by a glucose infusion ( 500 mL 50 g/L dextrose ) over 15 min . control group , potassium concentration underwent no changes whereas in treatment group , it decreased from 4.8 + / -0.48 mmol/L to 4.19 + / -0.55 mmol/L ( mean + / - SD ) within 15 min and to 3.62 + / -0.45 mmol/L 60 min after the therapy . potassium concentration was lower in treatment group than in control group within 30 min of treatment ( 3.94 + / -0.57 vs 4.47 + / -0.42 mmol/L , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) , and increased similarly 30 s after graft reperfusion in both groups of patients , but remained lower in treatment group ( 5.81 + / -1.78 vs 7.44 + / -1.75 mmol/L , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) . potassium concentration returned to pre-reperfusion levels within 5 min after graft reperfusion . patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation , the administration of insulin rapidly decreases serum potassium concentration even in the absence of the liver , suggesting an important contribution by extrahepatic tissues in insulin-stimulated uptake of potassium ."
1520,Abstract #1520,"test for relationships between objectively measured habitual physical activity and fundamental movement skills in a relatively large and representative sample of preschool children . activity was measured over 6 d using the Computer Science and Applications ( CSA ) accelerometer in 394 boys and girls ( mean age 4.2 , SD 0.5 yr ) . were scored on 15 fundamental movement skills , based on the Movement Assessment Battery , by a single observer . physical activity ( r = 0.10 , P < 0.05 ) and percent time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity ( MVPA ) ( r = 0.18 , P < 0.001 ) were significantly correlated with total movement skills score . spent in light-intensity physical activity was not significantly correlated with motor skills score ( r = 0.02 , P > 0.05 ) . this sample and setting , fundamental movement skills were significantly associated with habitual physical activity , but the association between the two variables was weak . present study questions whether the widely assumed relationships between motor skills and habitual physical activity actually exist in young children ."
1521,Abstract #1521,"have previously shown that treatment of acute stroke patients in our stroke unit ( SU ) compared with treatment in general ward ( GWs ) improves short - and long-term survival and functional outcome and increases the possibility of earlier discharge to home . aim of the present study was to identify the differences in treatment between the SU and the GW and to assess which aspects of the SU care which were most responsible for the better outcome . the 220 patients included in our trial , only 206 were actually treated ( SU , 102 patients ; GW , 104 patients ) . these patients , we identified the differences in the treatment and the consequences of the treatment . analyzed the factors that we were able to measure and their association with the outcome , discharge to home within 6 weeks . features in our SU were teamwork , staff education , functional training , and integrated physiotherapy and nursing . treatment factors significantly different in the SU from the GW were shorter time to start of the systematic mobilization/training and increased use of oxygen , heparin , intravenous saline solutions , and antipyretics . of the treatment seem to be less variation in diastolic and systolic blood pressure ( BP ) , avoiding the lowest diastolic BP , and lowering the levels of glucose and temperature in the SU group compared with the GW group . analyses showed that all these factors except the level of glucose were significantly associated with discharge to home within 6 weeks . the final multivariate Cox regression model , shorter time to start of the mobilization/training and stabilized diastolic BP were independent factors significantly associated with discharge to home within 6 weeks . time to start of mobilization/training was the most important factor associated with discharge to home , followed by stabilized diastolic BP , indicating that these factors probably were important in the SU treatment . effects of characteristic features of an SU , such as a specially trained staff , teamwork , and involvement of relatives , were not possible to measure . factors might be more important than those actually measured ."
1522,Abstract #1522,"compare the efficacy of non-invasive testing for Helicobacter pylori with that of endoscopy ( plus H pylori testing ) in the management of patients referred for endoscopic investigation of upper gastrointestinal symptoms . controlled trial with follow up at 12 months . gastroenterology unit . patients aged under 55 referred for endoscopic investigation of dyspepsia , randomised to non-invasive breath test for H pylori or endoscopy plus H pylori testing . dyspepsia severity score at one year . of medical resources , patient oriented outcomes , and safety were also assessed . 586 patients followed up at 12 months the mean change in dyspepsia score was 4.8 in the non-invasive H pylori test group and 4.6 in the endoscopy group ( 95 % confidence interval for difference -0.7 to 0.5 , P = 0.69 ) . 8.2 % of patients followed up who were randomised to breath test alone were referred for subsequent endoscopy . use of non-endoscopic resources was similar in the two groups . value , concern about missed pathology , overall patient satisfaction , and quality of life were similar in the two groups . patients found the non-invasive breath test procedure less uncomfortable and distressing than endoscopy with or without sedation . potentially serious pathology requiring treatment other than eradication of H pylori was missed . this patient group , non-invasive testing for H pylori is as effective and safe as endoscopy and less uncomfortable and distressing for the patient . H pylori testing should be the preferred mode of investigation ."
1523,Abstract #1523,"is often the rate-limiting step in conducting clinical trials among ethnic minorities . is known about participants who consent and enroll into a trial , but do not return for randomization . participants fail to return for randomization is largely unknown . compared 287 enrolled African American smokers who did not return for randomization , to the 500 who returned and were randomized to participate in a clinical trial for smoking cessation in African Americans . were conducted to identify variables associated with not returning for randomization . comparisons found the nonrandomized group to be significantly different from those randomized . regression showed younger age , less readiness to quit , having been proactively recruited , lacking a regular source of health care , believing that they will be smoking in 6 months , less church attendance , and a lower literacy level to be jointly related with not returning for randomization . American participants who did not return for randomization into a clinical trial were different from those who did . understanding of these factors may allow researchers to target recruitment efforts resulting in enhanced accrual in clinical trials and increased efficiency ."
1524,Abstract #1524,"prevention of injuries in all sports calls for a structured plan . plan consists , as earlier described , of four steps . have previously presented studies incorporating all four steps . studies have shown that it is possible to prevent most injuries in young female players in European handball by applying a training programme combining the use of an ankle disc with functional strength training . the previous studies we were not able to discriminate whether the preventive effect was due to the functional strength training or the training with the ankle disc . aim of this study was to compare a programme with ankle disc and functional strength training with a programme with functional strength training only . handball teams were asked to participate , and 16 of 20 handball teams agreed to participate . teams were cluster randomised to either the programme with or without an ankle disc . group using the programme without the ankle disc had a significantly higher number of traumatic injuries ( 16 vs. 6 ) . incidences of traumatic injuries in the ankle disc group were 2.4 ( 95 % CI 0.7 ; 6.2 ) injuries per 1000 h of match and 0.2 ( 95 % CI 0.02 ; 0.7 ) injuries per 1000 h of practice . the group without ankle disc the incidences were 6.9 ( 95 % CI 3.3 ; 12.7 ) injuries per 1000 h of match and 0.6 ( 95 % CI 0.2 ; 1.3 ) injuries per 1000 h of practice . significantly higher multivariate odds ratio ( 4.8 ) was found in the group not using the ankle disc . addition the group using the ankle disc had significantly fewer moderate and major injuries . adding ankle disc training to a training programme with functional strength training , it is possible to reduce the number of injuries significantly , especially the number of moderate and major injuries ."
1525,Abstract #1525,"surgery is a major consumer of blood products , and hemodilution increases transfusion requirements during cardiac surgery under CPB . intraoperative parenteral fluids contribute to hemodilution , we evaluated the hypothesis that intraoperative fluid restriction reduces packed red-cell ( PRC ) use , especially in transfusion-prone adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery . patients were randomly assigned to restrictive ( group A , 100 pts ) , or liberal ( group B , 92 pts ) intraoperative intravenous fluid administration . operations were conducted by the same team ( same surgeon and perfusionist ) . anesthesia induction , intravenous fluids were turned off in Group A ( fluid restriction ) patients , who only received fluids if directed by protocol . contrast , intravenous fluid administration was unrestricted in group B. Transfusion decisions were made by the attending anesthesiologist , based on identical transfusion guidelines for both groups . of 192 patients received 289 PRC units in total . , sex , weight , height , BMI , BSA , LVEF , CPB duration and surgery duration did not differ between groups . balance was less positive in Group A. Fewer group A patients ( 62/100 ) required transfusion compared to group B ( 75/92 , p < 0.04 ) . A patients received fewer PRC units ( 113 ) compared to group B ( 176 ; p < 0.0001 ) . , the number of transfused units and transfused patients was lower in group A ( 31 u in 19 pts vs. 111 u in 62 pts ; p < 0.001 ) . in ICU did not differ significantly between groups . patients had higher age , lower weight , height , BSA and preoperative hematocrit , but no difference in BMI or discharge hematocrit . B ( p < 0.005 ) and female gender ( p < 0.001 ) were associated with higher transfusion probability . regression identified group and preoperative hematocrit as significant predictors of transfusion . data suggest that fluid restriction reduces intraoperative PRC transfusions without significantly increasing postoperative transfusions in cardiac surgery ; this effect is more pronounced in transfusion-prone patients . , at the United States National Institutes of Health ."
1526,Abstract #1526,"has been previously established that montelukast provides protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction ( EIB ) after a single dose . present objective was to assess the onset and duration of this protective action in a trial that included both positive and negative controls . randomized , active-controlled and placebo-controlled , double-blind , double-dummy , three-way crossover study was conducted in 47 patients ( age range , 15 to 44 years ) in whom there was a 20 to 40 % fall in FEV ( 1 ) following exercise ( DeltaFEV ( 1 ) ) . randomized sequence , patients received oral montelukast ( 10 mg ) , placebo , or inhaled salmeterol ( 50 microg ) as a positive control . was followed by exercise challenges at 2 , 8.5 , and 24 h. primary end point was maximum DeltaFEV ( 1 ) at 2 h postdose . end points included maximum DeltaFEV ( 1 ) at the two later time points , and other measures ( including recovery time and need for beta-agonist rescue ) at all time points . maximum DeltaFEV ( 1 ) magnitudes at 2 , 8.5 , and 24 h were significantly smaller after montelukast administration than after placebo administration ( least squares mean [ + / - SE ] , 13.2 + / - 1.2 % , 11.7 + / - 1.2 % , and 10.0 + / - 1.1 % vs 21.8 + / - 1.2 % , 16.8 + / - 1.3 % , and 14.0 + / - 1.1 % , respectively ; p < or = 0.001 , < 0.01 , and < 0.05 ) . secondary end point results supported the primary end point . and salmeterol had similar efficacy at 2 and 8.5 h , but only montelukast was effective at 24 h. provided significant protection against EIB having an onset within 2 h following a single oral dose and lasting for at least 24 h."
1527,Abstract #1527,"study was addressed to understand the underlying mechanism of the substrate-dependent effect of genetic variation in SLCO1B1 , which encodes OATP1B1 ( organic anion transporting polypeptide ) transporter , on the disposition of two OATP1B1 substrates , pravastatin and pitavastatin , in relation to their transport activities . uptake of pravastatin , pitavastatin , and fluvastatin was measured in oocytes overexpressing SLCO1B1 * 1a and SLCO1B1 * 15 to compare the alterations of in-vitro transporting activity . 40-mg pravastatin or 4-mg pitavastatin was administered to 11 healthy volunteers with homozygous genotypes of SLCO1B1 * 1a / * 1a and SLCO1B1 * 15 / * 15 , the pharmacokinetic parameters of pravastatin and pitavastatin were compared among participants with SLCO1B1 * 1a / * 1a and SLCO1B1 * 15 / * 15 genotypes . uptake of pravastatin and pitavastatin in SLCO1B1 * 15 overexpressing oocytes was decreased compared with that in SLCO1B1 * 15 , but no change occurred with fluvastatin . fold change of in-vitro intrinsic clearance ( Clint ) for pitavastatin in SLCO1B1 * 15 compared with SLCO1B1 * 1a was larger than that of pravastatin ( P < 0.0001 ) . clearance ( Cl/F ) of pitavastatin was decreased to a greater degree in participant with SLCO1B1 * 15 / * 15 compared with that of pravastatin in vivo ( P < 0.01 ) , consistent with in-vitro study . a result , Cmax and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of these nonmetabolized substrates were increased by SLCO1B1 * 15 variant . greater decrease in the transport activity for pitavastatin in SLCO1B1 * 15 variant compared with SLCO1B1 * 1a was , however , associated with the greater effect on the pharmacokinetics of pitavastatin compared with pravastatin in relation to the SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphism . study suggests that substrate dependency in the consequences of the SLCO1B1 * 15 variant could modulate the effect of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on the disposition of pitavastatin and pravastatin ."
1528,Abstract #1528,"evaluate the effects of curcumin on total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , HDL cholesterol , and triglyceride in acute coronary syndrome patients . study were conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital ( RSUPN-CM ) , Persahabatan Hospital , MMC Hospital and Medistra Hospital , Jakarta . study started from 1 May 2005 to 5 May 2006 . Design was an interventional study which was a randomized double blind controlled trial to evaluate the effects of curcumin administration at escalating doses ( low dose 3 times 15 mg/day , moderate dose 3 times 30 mg/day , and high dose 3 times 60 mg/day ) on total cholesterol level , LDL cholesterol level , HDL cholesterol level , and triglyceride level in ACS patients . 75 ACS patients undergoing randomization participated in randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) . the 75 ACS patients participating in that RCT , 67 received care at RSCM , 6 at Persahabatan Hospital , and 2 at MMC Hospital . many as 63 patients were able to participate in the RCT up to its conclusion . was no significant difference in age , sex , risk factor of dyslipidemia , DM , smoking , hypertension , CHD history in family , height , body weight and body mass index , waist circumference , systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure in the four groups of patients . showed that the randomization performed was reasonably good . was no significant difference in laboratory parameters , such as total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , HDL cholesterol , and triglyceride , fasting blood glucose , blood glucose 2 hours PP , glyco Hb , triglyceride , Hb , Ht , leukocyte , thrombocyte , ureum , creatinine , SGOT , SGPT , in the four groups . was no significant difference in types of ACS and locations of ACS in the four groups as well . was no significant difference in statin medicatios ( simvastatin ) , aspirin ACE inhibitor , and DM medications in the four groups . patient used tiazolidindion . significant difference was found in the percentage of compliance in the four groups of patients . effects of curcumin on total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol level , there was a trend that the lower the dose of curcumin , the higher the effect of reduction . HDL cholesterol level , there was also a trend that the lower the dose of curcumin , the higher the effect of increase in HDL cholesterol level . , for triglyceride the pattern was not the same , and the group of moderate-dose curcumin shoed the minimal effect of increase , followed by the low-dose curcumin and finally the high-dose curcumin that showed the highest effect of increase . administration of low-dose curcumin showed a trend of reduction in total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol level in ACS patients ."
1529,Abstract #1529,"serum levels of antigen-specific IgE are often associated with allergic respiratory disorders . , a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody , decreases free serum IgE by forming biologically inactive immune complexes with free IgE . hypothesized that rhuMAb-E25 would decrease total serum IgE and reduce symptoms . hundred forty subjects were enrolled into five groups to determine the safety , tolerance , and efficacy of repeated administration of rhuMAb-E25 in adults with ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis and to explore the pharmacodynamic relationship of rhuMAb-E25 and IgE . hundred eighty-one subjects received an initial intravenous loading dose ( day 0 , 1 month before ragweed season ) , followed by administration of rhuMAb-E25 ( in mg/kg body weight ) of 0.15 mg/kg subcutaneously , 0.15 mg/kg intravenously , or 0.5 mg/kg intravenously on days 7 , 14 , 28 , 42 , 56 , 70 , and 84 . subcutaneous placebo group and an intravenous placebo group were included . total evaluation time included the 84-day treatment period , followed by a 42-day observation period . events were mild , and no differences were observed in the rates between the three active and two placebo treatment groups . IgE levels correlated with symptom scores . decreased serum free IgE levels in a dose - and baseline IgE-dependent fashion . , only 11 subjects had IgE levels that were suppressed to undetectable levels ( < or = 24 ng/ml ) , a sample too small to demonstrate significant differences and clinical efficacy . the case for efficacy was not proven . , the study confirms that it is safe to repeatedly administer rhuMAb-E25 over a period of months . rhuMAb-E25 decreased serum free IgE in a dose-dependent fashion and because symptom scores correlated with antigen-specific IgE levels , the results suggest that if given in adequate doses , rhuMAb-E25 should be an effective therapy for allergic diseases ."
1530,Abstract #1530,"purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the remineralisation of eroded enamel by NaF rinses in an intra-oral model . as their own control , subjects ( N = 80 ) participated in a randomised , four-leg ( 20 subjects/leg ) , 28-day , parallel design study . each leg , each participant wore a customised orthodontic bracket attached to a mandibular molar that contained one tooth block having an initial erosive lesion ( 0.3 % citric acid , pH 3.75 , 2 h ) . the 28-day period , participants engaged in twice-daily brushing for 1 min with a fluoride-free dentifrice followed by 1-min rinsing with one of the following aqueous rinses : fluoride-free ( 0 ppm F ) , 225 ppm F , 225 ppm F plus functionalised - tricalcium phosphate ( fTCP ) , and 450 ppm F. Following intra-oral exposure , appliances were removed and specimens were analysed using surface microhardness ( SMH ) and transverse microradiography ( TMR ) . significant ( p < 0.05 ) remineralisation , as determined by SMH and TMR , of the eroded enamel relative to baseline occurred for each fluoride system . significant differences in SMH were observed amongst the fluoride groups ( p > 0.05 ) , however , 225 ppm plus fTCP produced 27 % and 7 % SMH indent length reduction relative to 225 ppm F and 450 ppm F , respectively . significant differences in TMR were observed amongst the fluoride groups ( p > 0.05 ) , however , 225 ppm F plus fTCP and 450 ppm F produced significant ( p < 0.05 ) mineral gains relative to the fluoride-free control , whilst 225 ppm F did not ( p > 0.05 ) . to the 225 ppm F group , the 450 ppm F and 225 ppm F plus fTCP groups produced 65 % and 61 % greater mineral change , respectively . pilot results demonstrate this model is sensitive to fluoride and that addition of fTCP to an aqueous rinse containing 225 ppm F may provide significant remineralisation benefits . , the combination of relatively low levels of fluoride and fTCP might be an effective alternative to a high fluoride treatment for anti-erosion benefits ."
1531,Abstract #1531,", we have shown advantages of a direct optical entry ( DOE ) using a bladeless trocar in comparison with the open Hasson technique ( OHT ) in older reproductive-age women with previous operations , as well as in comparison with Veress needle entry in reproductive-age and postmenopausal women . prospective multicenter randomized study to determine whether the DOE is feasible for establishing safe and rapid entry into the abdomen in comparison with those of the OHT in reproductive-age obese women . types of surgical techniques were blindly applied in 224 obese reproductive-age women with benign neoplastic diseases of ovary and uterus . , laparoscopic entry into the abdomen in 108 patients was performed by DOE and in 116 women by OHT . parameters ( entry time in seconds needed to establish the intra-abdominal vision after pneumoperitoneum , blood loss , occurrence of vascular and/or bowel injuries ) were compared during surgery as main outcomes . baseline characteristics of patients , including age ( 36.1 4.5 vs 35.7 5.8 ) , body mass index ( 34.9 5.1 vs 35.1 4.9 kg/m ( 2 ) ) , and parity ( 2.1 0.4 vs 1.9 0.9 ) , were not significantly different between the DOE and OHT groups ( P > .05 ) . intraoperative parameters such as the entry time ( 71.9 3.7 vs 215.1 6.2 seconds ) and blood loss value ( 9.7 6.1 vs 12.2 2.9 mL ) were significantly reduced in the DOE group in comparison with those of OHT group ( respectively , P < .0001 and < .01 ) , there were also trends to slight decrease of the occurrence of the minor injuries , manifested as omental small vessels rupture ( 0 of 108 vs 4 of 116 ) and punctures and pinches of jejunal serosa ( 0 of 108 vs 3 of 116 ) in patients of the DOE group in comparison with those of OHT group ( respectively , P = .0515 and = .0925 ) . reduced entry time and blood loss with trends to slightly decrease of the occurrence of the minor vascular and bowel injuries , thus enabling a possible alternative to OHT in obese women ; however , further larger trials need to confirm the possible additional benefits of a DOE ."
1532,Abstract #1532,"pain syndromes due to trigger points ( TrPs ) are clinical entities , but more evidence is needed to evaluate TrP palpation . tension-type headache ( CTTH ) is the most prevalent chronic headache with high socioeconomic costs . primary aim was to study whether TrP palpation can distinguish patients with headache patients from healthy controls . , controlled design . patients with the diagnosis of CTTH , and 20 healthy age-matched and sex-matched control participants . palpation revealed more TrPs in patients ( N = 17 ) versus controls ( N = 6 ) ( P = 0.0005 ) . pain was also more frequent in patients ( N = 17 ) versus controls ( N = 9 ) ( P = 0.04 ) . , TrP palpation also identified a higher pain intensity than at a control point ( CtP ) in both groups ( P = 0.0001 ) . intensity at TrPs in patients was higher than in controls ( P = 0.0010 ) , and CtPs were also more tender in patients than in controls ( P = 0.0167 ) . spontaneous electromyographic activity no difference between TrPs versus CtPs within or between groups could be detected . findings suggest that active TrPs are much more frequent in CTTH than in controls and the number and pain intensity of TrPs may be used to distinguish between the 2 groups . electromyographic activity could not be demonstrated , and the underlying biology of TrPs is still unclear ."
1533,Abstract #1533,"ascertain the effect on plasma lipoprotein lipids of substituting moderate amounts of protein for carbohydrate in human diets . were first stabilized on the desired fat intake for one to two weeks . a cross-over design , subjects were randomly allocated to either the high or low protein diet for four to five weeks and then switched to the alternative diet for four to five more weeks . venous blood was obtained weekly . were studied in tertiary care lipid clinic setting . in two groups of hypercholesterolemic subjects have been completed : group MH - 10 subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia ( 5.8 to 8.0 mmol/L ) and group FH - five subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia ( more than 8.2 mmol/L prior to treatment with cholestyramine ) . findings in Group NL - six normolipidemic subjects ( 3.5 to 4.9 mmol/L ) are also discussed briefly . weight , intakes of fat , fibre and cholesterol and fat composition were constant . 11 , 17 or 10 % of total energy from protein was exchanged for carbohydrate in groups MH , FH and NL , respectively . of dietary protein for carbohydrate : significantly reduced mean plasma low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol 6 % in group MH and 9 % in group NL ( P < 0.02 ) ; significantly increased mean fasting plasma high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol by 12 % in group MH and by 17 % in group FH ( P < 0.01 ) ; significantly reduced the mean value for the ratio of plasma total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol by 15 % in group MH and by 16 % in group FH ( P < 0.05 ) ; and significantly reduced fasting total triglycerides by 23 % in groups MH and FH and by 18 % in NL ( P < 0.05 ) . of dietary protein for carbohydrate favourable alters human blood cholesterol cardiovascular risk profiles ."
1534,Abstract #1534,"supporting a carry-over effect with sublingual immunotherapy ( SLIT ) are scarce . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy , carry-over effect and safety of grass pollen SLIT using co-seasonal treatment . ( 7.9-64 .7 years ) with grass pollen allergy received ultra-rush titration with increasing doses ( 30 , 90 , 150 and 300 IR ) of a 5-grass pollen mixture every 20 min at the start of the pollen seasons , followed by 300 IR daily until the end of the pollen seasons . baseline season ( no SLIT ) was followed by three consecutive treatment seasons and one follow-up season . , medication and adverse events were documented and specific immunoglobulin ( Ig ) E and IgG ( 4 ) measured . were analysed for 183 of the 213 randomized patients . treatment duration varied between seasons ( 81.8-92 .7 days ) . scores ( symptoms and medication ) improved progressively across treatment seasons ( up to 44.7 % improvement for SLIT compared with baseline ) and fluctuated between -11.3 % and -14.8 % for placebo ( P < 0.05 ) . changes were observed for symptom scores , with a successive decrease of 39.7 % ( SLIT ) and fluctuations between +13.6 % and -1.51 % for placebo ( P < 0.05 ) . score ( P = 0.0508 ) and symptom score improvements ( P = 0.0144 ) with SLIT continued during follow up . in specific IgG ( 4 ) observed in the first season were sustained for SLIT vs placebo throughout treatment ( P = 0.0001 ) . and daily SLIT were well tolerated . serious systemic or anaphylactic reactions were reported . SLIT with ultra-rush titration is well tolerated and effective from the first treatment season onwards . data indicate a carry-over effect of seasonal SLIT ."
1535,Abstract #1535,"study the effects on sick leave from an early multidisciplinary assessment at a primary health care centre . controlled trial . who saw GPs at a primary health care centre in mid-Sweden and asked for a sickness certificate for psychiatric or musculoskeletal diagnoses were invited to participate . included were sick-listed for less than four weeks ; 33 patients were randomized either to an assessment within a week by a physiotherapist , a psychotherapist , and an occupational therapist or to `` standard care '' . therapists used methods and tools they normally use in their clinical work . of patients still sick-listed three months after randomization , total and net days on sick leave , and proportion who were on part-time sick leave . . follow-up after three months , in contrast to the pre-trial hypothesis , there was a trend toward a higher proportion of patients still sick-listed in the intervention group ( 7/18 ) as compared with the control group ( 3/15 ) . intervention group also had significantly longer sick-listing periods ( mean 58 days ) than the control group ( mean 36 days ) ( p = 0.038 ) . proportion of patients who were part time sick-listed was significantly higher in the intervention group ( 10/18 ) than in the control group ( 2/15 ) ( p = 0.027 ) . this study an early multidisciplinary assessment was associated with longer periods on sick leave and more individuals on part-time sick leave ."
1536,Abstract #1536,"compare the acceptability and efficacy of two methods of self administered bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy screening : a single phosphate enema and a single sachet of Picolax . blind , randomised trial . units of two general hospitals . men and women aged 55-64 years who had agreed to be screened by flexible sigmoidoscopy . OUTCOME MESURESs : Attendance rates , compliance with allocated preparations , adverse effects , quality of bowel preparation , procedure time , and yield of neoplasia . with the enema was higher than with the Picolax ( 608 ( 84 % ) v 566 ( 79 % ) ; difference 6 % , 95 % confidence interval 2 % to 10 % ) . half of those who refused Picolax used an enema at home . , incontinence , and sleep disturbance were more frequent in the Picolax group than the enema group ; bottom soreness was more frequent in the enema group . 30 % ( 187 ) found the diet restriction required by Picolax difficult ; 78 % ( 471 ) found the enema easy to administer . quality of preparation was better with the enema ; the proportion of procedures complete to the descending colon was greater and the mean duration of the procedure was shorter . was no significant difference in polyp detection rates . single phosphate enema self administered around one hour before leaving home is a more acceptable and effective method of preparing the distal bowel for flexible sigmoidoscopy than Picolax ."
1537,Abstract #1537,"is zolpidem formulated for sublingual administration . primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of single doses of sublingual zolpidem ( 5 and 10mg ) versus oral zolpidem ( 10mg ) , with regard to latency to persistent sleep ( LPS ) , in a post-nap model of insomnia . healthy volunteers included in this study were recorded by polysomnography during 2 consecutive nights and , on the day in between , during a 2h nap . out of these 21 subjects were finally analyzed . was randomly administered before the second recording night to subjects demonstrating at least 30min of sleep during the nap recording . analyses show that 10mg OX22 significantly shortened LPS compared to oral zolpidem administration of 10mg ( 12.8 + / -9.9 and 18.4 + / -11.3 min , respectively ; p < .05 ) . treatment effects could be evidenced on total sleep time , time awake after sleep onset and sleep architecture parameters for OX22 compared to oral zolpidem . treatments were well tolerated and did not induce next-day residual effects . present results show that OX22 , a sublingual formulation of zolpidem , has a significant earlier sleep initiation as compared to an equivalent dose of oral zolpidem in healthy volunteers in a post-nap model of insomnia ."
1538,Abstract #1538,"study compares the efficacy and safety of two single-dose regimens with the approved three-dose regimen of ondansetron in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis . multicenter study was a stratified , randomized , double-blind , and parallel group design . inpatients were randomized to receive intravenous ( IV ) ondansetron ( Zofran ; Glaxo Inc , Research Triangle Park , NC ) 0.15 mg/kg times three doses , every 4 hours or a single 8-mg or 32-mg dose followed by two saline doses that began 30 minutes before cisplatin administration . ( high-dose > or = 100 mg/m2 or medium-dose 50 to 70 mg/m2 ) was given as a single infusion ( < or = 3 hours ) . were monitored for emetic episodes , adverse events , and laboratory safety parameters for 24 hours after cisplatin administration . total of 699 patients ( 359 high-dose , 340 medium-dose ) were enrolled . these , 618 were assessable for efficacy ( 15 ineligible , 66 protocol deviations ) . 32-mg dose was superior to the 8-mg single dose with regard to total number of emetic episodes ( high-dose , P = .015 ; medium-dose , P < .001 ) , complete response ( no emetic episodes : high-dose , 48 % v 35 % ; P = .048 ; medium-dose , 73 % v 50 % ; P = .001 ) and failure rate ( > 5 emetic episodes , withdrawn or rescued : high-dose , 20 % v 34 % ; P = .018 ; medium-dose , 9 % v 23 % ; P = .005 ) . 32-mg single dose was also superior to the 0.15 mg/kg times three dose regimen with regard to total number of emetic episodes ( medium-dose , P = .033 ) and failure rate ( high-dose , 20 % v 36 % ; P = .009 ; medium-dose , 9 % v 22 % ; P = .011 ) . was well tolerated . most common adverse event was headache . approximate 10-fold increase in the incidence of clinically significant transaminase elevations was observed in the high-dose versus medium-dose cisplatin strata ( aspartate aminotransferase [ AST ] , 6.5 % v 0.7 % ; serum alanine aminotransferase [ ALT ] , 5.0 % v 0.3 % ) . 32-mg single dose of ondansetron is more effective than a single 8-mg dose and is at least as effective as the standard regimen of 0.15 mg/kg times three doses in the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute emesis ."
1539,Abstract #1539,"diagnose multiple sclerosis ( MS ) , evidence for dissemination in space and time is required . is no clear definition on how symptoms and signs of a patient indicate clinical dissemination in space . provide a uniform approach on this subject , a clinical classification system was described recently differentiating patients with mono - and multifocal clinical presentation . we assess the predictive value of clinically defined dissemination in space at first presentation for time to clinically definite MS ( CDMS ) . hundred and sixty-eight patients with a first episode suggestive of MS were classified as clinically mono - or multifocal by two neurologists blinded to magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) results . patients were part of the BENEFIT study in which 292 patients were randomized to interferon beta-1b ( IFNB-1b ) and 176 to placebo . using Kaplan-Meier statistics the risk for CDMS was studied in mono - and multifocal patients of the placebo group , both with and without taking into account MRI measures of potential prognostic relevance . to CDMS was similar in monofocal and multifocal patients . monofocal patients , the risk for CDMS over 2 years was significantly higher when > or = 9 T2 lesions or at least one Gd-enhancing lesion were present at the first event or 3 or 6 months after the first event . patients with multifocal presentation , these MRI measures had no significant added value in predicting time to CDMS . data indicate that a carefully performed neurological assessment of symptoms and signs , combined with lesions on MRI , is important for defining the risk of conversion to CDMS . Benefit trial has been registered under NCT00185211 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ."
1540,Abstract #1540,"document adverse visual effects of warm compress therapy and determine potential etiologies in subjects with dry eye symptoms . ( n = 24 ) with dry eye symptoms were recruited . 1 ( n = 13 ) : baseline measurements for each eye included subjective blur , visual acuity ( VA ) , autorefraction ( AR ) , corneal topography ( CT ) , central corneal curvature ( CCC ) , lipid layer thickness ( LLT ) , and evaluation for corneal striae and edema . warm , moist compress ( 44.4-45 degrees C ) was applied with gentle pressure for 30 min to the closed eyelids of the randomized experimental eye ; nothing was applied to the contralateral control eye . blur , VA , AR , CT , CCC , and LLT were evaluated for each eye at 5 , 15 , and 30 min and 5 min after application . and edema were assessed for each eye at 30 and 5 min after application . 2 ( n = 11 ) : the above warm compress protocol was repeated to investigate the Fischer-Schweitzer polygonal reflex at the times stated . 5 and 30 min , 71 % and 88 % of all subjects experienced increased subjective blur and decreased VA. . 30 min : Group 1 : Of 13 experimental eyes : 13 experienced subjective blur ; nine exhibited a VA decrease > or = 2 lines ( mean = 3.4 + / - 0.7 ) . the control eye , two subjects reported blur and none exhibited decreased VA. . findings for AR , CT , CCC , LLT , striae and edema did not correlate with blur or with VA decline . 2 : Of 11 experimental eyes : 10 exhibited the polygonal reflex compared with 0 controls ( p < 0.001 ) ; eight exhibited subjective blur ; seven exhibited VA decrease > or = 2 lines ( mean = 2.9 + / - 0.9 ) . polygonal reflex correlated positively to visual blur ( r = 0.88 , p = 0.04 ) and to VA decrease ( r = 0.79 , p = 0.1 ) . compress application induces transient visual degradation . there was no correlation between visual degradation and AR , CT , CCC , LLT , or the presence of striae or corneal edema , visual degradation correlated positively with the polygonal reflex , which was observed following warm compress application ."
1541,Abstract #1541,"is known to be a substrate of CYP2C19 . objective was to evaluate the possible effect of an inhibitor of CYP2C19 , fluvoxamine , and compare the inhibitory effect of fluvoxamine on the metabolism of rabeprazole between CYP2C19 genotypes . two-way randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover study was performed . volunteers , of whom seven were homozygous extensive metabolizers ( EMs ) , eight were heterozygous EMs and six were poor metabolizers ( PMs ) for CYP2C19 , received two 6-day courses of either fluvoxamine 50 mg or placebo daily in a randomized fashion with a single oral dose of rabeprazole 20 mg on day 6 in all cases . concentrations of rabeprazole and its metabolite rabeprazole thioether were monitored up to 24 h after dosing . placebo administration , the mean AUCs ( 0 , infinity ) of rabeprazole in homozygous EMs , heterozygous EMs and PMs were 882 ( 95 % CI , 602 , 1162 ) ng ml-1h , 1214 ( 975 , 1453 ) ng ml-1 h and 2762 ( 2482 , 3042 ) ng ml-1 h ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively . treatment increased AUC ( 0 , infinity ) of rabeprazole and rabeprazole thioether by 2.8-fold ( P < 0.001 ) and 5.1-fold ( P < 0.01 ) in homozygous EMs , and by 1.7-fold ( P < 0.01 ) and 2.6-fold ( P < 0.01 ) in heterozygous EMs , and significantly prolonged the elimination half-life of rabeprazole and rabeprazole thioether in homozygous EMs and in heterozygous EMs , whereas no difference in any pharmacokinetic parameters was found in PMs . was a significant difference in fluvoxamine-mediated percentage increase in AUC ( 0 , infinity ) of rabeprazole and rabeprazole thioether between CYP2C19 genotypes . present study indicates that there are significant drug interactions between rabeprazole and fluvoxamine in EMs of CYP2C19 . is predominantly involved in rabeprazole and rabeprazole thioether metabolism in EMs . , CYP2C19 is the key determinant of rabeprazole disposition in EMs ."
1542,Abstract #1542,"study examined some physiological and performance responses to a 6-d taper , and the influence of training intensity and volume on these responses . 15 wk of training , 8 well-trained male middle-distance runners were randomly assigned to either a moderate volume taper ( MVT , N = 4 ) or a low volume taper ( LVT , N = 4 ) , consisting of either a 50 % or a 75 % progressive reduction in pretaper low intensity continuous training ( LICT ) and high intensity interval training ( HIIT ) . samples were obtained and 800-m running performance was measured before and after taper . was not significantly enhanced by either taper protocol ( post - vs pre-taper times 124.9 + / - 4.5 vs 126.1 + / - 4.2 s with LVT , 126.2 + / - 8.0 vs 125.7 + / - 6.6 s with MVT ) . the entire group of 8 subjects , red cell count , hemoglobin ( Hb ) , mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular Hb concentration significantly decreased with taper , while reticulocyte count increased . changes for all subjects correlated with changes in postrace peak blood lactate concentration ( r = 0.87 , P < 0.01 ) . LICT correlated with changes in Hb ( r = 0.77 ) , hematocrit ( r = 0.81 ) , reticulocyte count ( r = 0.73 ) , creatine kinase ( r = 0.72 ) , and total testosterone ( r = -0.78 ) , and with posttaper red cell distribution width ( r = -0.75 ) and lymphocyte count ( r = -0.82 ) . HIIT correlated nonsignificantly with changes in red cell count ( r = -0.66 ) and total testosterone ( r = 0.68 ) . is concluded that taper-induced physiological changes in trained middle-distance runners are mainly hematological , and that distinct physiological changes are elicited from LICT and HIIT during taper . runners can progressively reduce their usual training volume by at least 75 % during a 6-d taper ."
1543,Abstract #1543,"number of caffeine metabolite ratios have been proposed to measure CYP1A2 activity in vivo . data to validate these ratios are scanty . objective of this study was to validate urine caffeine metabolite ratios versus stable isotope-labeled caffeine clearance under different caffeine dosing conditions . experiments , one with nine nonsmoking subjects and the other with 12 cigarette smokers , were performed . explored the relationship between caffeine clearance , measured by means of intravenous infusions of stable isotope-labeled caffeine , and a number of caffeine metabolite ratios during administration of different single or multiple doses of caffeine to smokers and nonsmokers on three different occasions over a 2-week period , using different durations of urine collections , including spot urines . stable isotope technique allowed simultaneous oral dosing of caffeine and measurement of caffeine metabolite ratios and caffeine clearance , the latter reflecting CYP1A2 activity . caffeine metabolite ratio of AAMU + 1U +1 X/17U ( 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil + 1-methyluric acid + 1 methylxanthine/1 ,7 - dimethyluric acid ) maintained a significant correlation with caffeine clearance for all the above conditions ( gamma2 range , 0.4 to 0.9 ) except for dose . high doses of caffeine ( 12 mg/kg ) , a significant relationship was not observed . + 1U + 1X/17U also correlated with the formation clearance of paraxanthine ( gamma2 = 0.6 , p = 0.002 ) . reported caffeine metabolite ratios did not display the same robust correlation with caffeine clearance under all these different conditions . conclude that AAMU +1 U +1 X/17U measured from a single spot urine collection is a valid measure of CYP1A2 activity except at very high levels of caffeine dosing . validity of the other proposed caffeine metabolite ratios is questionable ."
1544,Abstract #1544,"effective methods are needed to implement evidence-based findings into practice . Advancing Recovery Framework offers a multi-level approach to evidence-based practice implementation by aligning purchasing and regulatory policies at the payer level with organizational change strategies at the organizational level . Advancing Recovery Buprenorphine Implementation Study is a cluster-randomized controlled trial designed to increase use of the evidence-based practice buprenorphine medication to treat opiate addiction . Alcohol , Drug Addiction , and Mental Health Services Boards ( ADAMHS ) , who are payers , and their addiction treatment organizations were recruited for a trial to assess the effects of payer and treatment organization changes ( using the Advancing Recovery Framework ) versus treatment organization changes alone on the use of buprenorphine . matched-pair randomization , based on county characteristics , was applied , resulting in seven county ADAMHS boards and twenty-five treatment organizations in each arm . dependent patients are nested within cluster ( treatment organization ) , and treatment organization clusters are nested within ADAMHS county board . primary outcome is the percentage of individuals with an opioid dependence diagnosis who use buprenorphine during the 24-month intervention period and the 12-month sustainability period . trial is currently in the baseline data collection stage . addiction treatment providers are under increasing pressure to implement evidence-based practices that have been proven to improve patient outcomes , adoption of these practices lags , compared to other areas of healthcare . frequently cited for the slow adoption of EBPs in addiction treatment include , regulatory issues , staff , or client resistance and lack of resources . the way addiction treatment is funded , the payer 's role-has not received a lot of attention in research on EBP adoption.This research is unique because it investigates the role of payers in evidence-based practice implementation using a randomized controlled design instead of case examples . testing of the Advancing Recovery Framework is designed to broaden the understanding of the impact payers have on evidence-based practice ( EBP ) adoption . ( ClinicalTrials.gov registry , USA ) ."
1545,Abstract #1545,"evaluated the effect of calcium citrate supplementation alone or in combination with potassium citrate on the stone forming propensity in healthy postmenopausal women . total of 18 postmenopausal women without stones underwent a randomized trial of 4 phases comprised of 2 weeks of treatment with placebo , calcium citrate ( 400 mg calcium twice daily ) , potassium citrate ( 20 mEq twice daily ) , and calcium citrate and potassium citrate ( at same doses ) . the last 2 days of each phase urine was collected in 24-hour pools for complete stone risk analysis . to placebo , calcium citrate increased urinary calcium and citrate but decreased urinary oxalate and phosphate . saturation of calcium oxalate , brushite and undissociated uric acid did not change . citrate decreased urinary calcium , and increased urinary citrate and pH. It decreased urinary saturation of calcium oxalate and undissociated uric acid , and did not change the saturation of brushite . calcium citrate was combined with potassium citrate , urinary calcium remained high , urinary citrate increased even further and urinary oxalate remained reduced from the calcium citrate alone , thereby marginally decreasing the urinary saturation of calcium oxalate . pH increased , decreasing urinary undissociated uric acid . increase in pH increased the saturation of brushite despite the decrease in urinary phosphorus . citrate supplementation does not increase the risk of stone formation in healthy postmenopausal women . co-administered potassium citrate may provide additional protection against formation of uric acid and calcium oxalate stones ."
1546,Abstract #1546,"with intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) are at high risk for severe stress-related upper gastrointestinal ( UGI ) bleeding , which is predictive of higher mortality . aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of omeprazole and cimetidine compared with a placebo in the prevention and management of stress-related UGI bleeding in patients with ICH . a single-center , randomized , placebo-controlled study , 184 surgically treated patients with CT-proven ICH within 72 hours of ictus and negative results for gastric occult blood testing were included . these patients , 165 who were qualified upon further evaluation were randomized into 3 groups : 58 patients received 40 mg intravenous omeprazole every 12 hours , 54 patients received 300 mg intravenous cimetidine every 6 hours , and 53 patients received a placebo . whose gastric occult blood tests were positive at admission ( n = 70 ) and during/after the prophylaxis procedure ( n = 48 ) were treated with high-dose omeprazole at 80 mg bolus plus 8 mg/hr infusion for 3 days , followed by 40 mg intravenous omeprazole every 12 hours for 7 days . the 165 assessable patients , stress-related UGI bleeding occurred in 9 ( 15.5 % ) in the omeprazole group compared with 15 patients ( 27.8 % ) in the cimetidine group and 24 patients ( 45.3 % ) in the placebo group ( p = 0.003 ) . occurrence of UGI bleeding was significantly related to death ( p = 0.022 ) . pneumonia occurred in 14 patients ( 24.1 % ) receiving omeprazole , 12 ( 22.2 % ) receiving cimetidine , and 8 ( 15.1 % ) receiving placebo ( p > 0.05 ) . patients with UGI bleeding in which high-dose omeprazole was initiated , UGI bleeding arrested within the first 3 days in 103 patients ( 87.3 % ) . significantly reduced the morbidity of stress-related UGI bleeding in patients with ICH due to its effective prophylactic effect without increasing the risk of nosocomial pneumonia , but it did not reduce the 1-month mortality or ICU stay . evaluation of high-dose omeprazole as the drug of choice for patients presenting with UGI bleeding is warranted . trial registration no. : ChiCTR-TRC-12001871 , registered at the Chinese clinical trial registry ( http://www.chictr.org/en/proj/show.aspx?proj=2384 ) ."
1547,Abstract #1547,"see whether there is a difference in outcome between patients treated with oral and intravenous antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection . controlled trial in patients admitted consecutively and randomised to treatment with either oral co-amoxiclav , intravenous followed by oral co-amoxiclav , or intravenous followed by oral cephalosporins . general hospital in Dublin . patients admitted for lower respiratory tract infection during one year . represented 87 % of admissions with the diagnosis and excluded those who were immunocompromised and patients with severe life threatening infection . , partial cure , extended antibiotic treatment , change of antibiotic , death , and cost and duration of hospital stay . were no significant differences between the groups in clinical outcome or mortality ( 6 % ) . , patients randomised to oral co-amoxiclav had a significantly shorter hospital stay than the two groups given intravenous antibiotic ( median 6 v 7 and 9 days respectively ) . addition , oral antibiotics were cheaper , easier to administer , and if used routinely in the 800 or so patients admitted annually would lead to savings of around 176,000 pounds a year . antibiotics in community acquired lower respiratory tract infection are at least as efficacious as intraveous therapy . use reduces labour and equipment costs and may lead to earlier discharge from hospital ."
1548,Abstract #1548,"investigate the roles of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in the 3-hydroxylation of quinine in vivo . a randomized , three-way crossover study , nine healthy Swedish volunteers received single oral doses of quinine hydrochloride ( 500 mg ) , quinine hydrochloride ( 500 mg ) plus ketoconazole ( 100 mg twice daily for 3 days ) , and quinine hydrochloride ( 500 mg ) plus fluvoxamine ( 25 mg twice daily for 2 days ) on three different occasions . and urine samples were collected before quinine intake and up to 96 hours thereafter . and urine samples were analyzed for both quinine and its main metabolite 3-hydroxyquinine with HPLC methods . with ketoconazole ( which inhibits CYP3A4 ) decreased the mean apparent oral clearance of quinine significantly ( P < .001 ) by 31 % ( from 8.7 to 6.0 L/h ) , whereas coadministration with fluvoxamine ( which inhibits CYP1A2 and to some extent CYP2C19 ) had no significant effect ( P > .05 ) on the mean apparent oral clearance of quinine . with ketoconazole also decreased the mean area under the plasma concentration versus time curve ( AUC ) of 3-hydroxyquinine ( from 28.4 to 19.7 micromol x h x L ( -1 ) ; P < .001 ) , whereas coadministration with fluvoxamine increased 3-hydroxyquinine AUC significantly ( from 28.4 to 30.2 micromol x h x L ( -1 ) ; P < .05 ) . P450 3A4 is important for the 3-hydroxylation of quinine in vivo . the other hand , CYP1A2 had no significant effect on this metabolic pathway ."
1549,Abstract #1549,"treatment of schizophrenic patients who fail to respond to adequate trials of neuroleptic drugs is a major challenge . has been one treatment option ; however , it is not universally effective and is limited in its use by safety concerns . the introduction of newer agents , their performance relative to clozapine is of great clinical interest . primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine versus clozapine among treatment resistant DSM-IV schizophrenic patients . study was primarily designed to demonstrate the `` noninferiority '' of olanzapine compared to clozapine after 18 weeks of double-blind treatment . were based on the one-sided lower 95 % confidence limit about the treatment effect observed from the primary efficacy variable ( Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [ PANSS ] Total ) . changes from baseline to end point in PANSS Total score , using a last observation carried forward technique , showed that both agents were comparably effective in neuroleptic resistant patients , i.e. , demonstrated the `` noninferiority '' of olanzapine when compared to clozapine . , significantly fewer olanzapine-treated patients ( 4 % ) discontinued for an adverse event than their clozapine-treated ( 14 % ) counterparts ( p = .022 ) . spontaneously reported adverse events , increased salivation , constipation , dizziness , and nausea were reported significantly more often among clozapine-treated patients , whereas only dry mouth was reported more often among olanzapine-treated patients . was demonstrated to be noninferior to clozapine and better tolerated among resistant schizophrenic patients clinically eligible for treatment with clozapine ."
1550,Abstract #1550,"is a major issue for patients with severe burn . dose intravenous opioids form the mainstay of procedural burns pain management ; however it was suggested that intravenous lidocaine assists with minimising the pain experience . study aimed to evaluate whether intravenous lidocaine improved analgesic efficacy and decreased opioid consumption during a burn wound care procedure . prospective double-blind randomized crossover study compared intravenous lidocaine versus placebo alongside patient controlled analgesia ( PCA ) in 45 patients with severe burn undergoing wound care procedures ( i.e. dressing changedebridement ) on two consecutive days . were randomised to either the intervention or control condition on the first dressing day , and received the alternate condition on the second dressing day . the intervention condition , subjects received lidocaine of 1.5 mg/kg/body weight followed by two boluses of 0.5 mg/kg at 5-min intervals followed by a continuous infusion . the control condition , 0.9 % sodium chloride was administered at an equivalent volume , dose and rate to that of lidocaine . end points included pain intensity as measured by verbal rating scale ( VRS ) , time to rescue analgesia , opioid requests and consumption and overall anxiety and level of satisfaction . in the VRS score was significantly lower for lidocaine [ difference ( 95 % CI ) = 0.36 ( 0.17-0 .55 ) ] as compared to placebo . , there were no significant clinical or statistical differences regarding the effects of lidocaine and placebo on opioid requests and consumption , anxiety or level of satisfaction during the first and second dressing procedures . this study , the clinical benefit of intravenous lidocaine for pain relief during burn wound dressing changes in terms of overall pain scores and opioid consumption was unremarkable . investigations using different lidocaine regimes for the management of procedural burn pain are warranted ."
1551,Abstract #1551,"treatment seems to be effective in the management of schizophrenia , although less in the area of quality of life and social functioning . study the effectiveness of a hallucination focused integrated treatment with cognitive-behaviour therapy and coping training among schizophrenia patients suffering from ` hearing voices ' . a randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) with 31 patients in the integrated treatment condition and 32 patients in the routine care condition , quality of life was assessed with the self-report questionnaire of the WHO ( Bref ) , and social role functioning with an interviewer based schedule , at entry and 9 ( post-treatment ) and 18 months later . data suggest a significant improvement of quality of life and in particular in social role functioning ( effect size 0.64 ) in favour of the integrated treatment . integrated treatment seems to be effective in reducing overall disability levels and number of patients with serious disabilities ."
1552,Abstract #1552,"evaluated the efficacy and safety of istradefylline , a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist administered as adjunctive treatment to levodopa for 12 weeks in a double-blind manner in Parkinson 's disease patients with motor complications in Japan . total of 373 subjects were randomized to receive placebo ( n = 126 ) , istradefylline 20 mg/day ( n = 123 ) , or istradefylline 40 mg/day ( n = 124 ) . primary efficacy variable was the change in daily OFF time . secondary variables were also evaluated . change in daily OFF time was significantly reduced in the istradefylline 20 mg/day ( -0.99 hours , P = .003 ) and istradefylline 40 mg/day ( -0.96 hours , P = .003 ) groups compared with the placebo group ( -0.23 hours ) . most common adverse event was dyskinesia ( placebo , 4.0 % ; istradefylline 20 mg/day , 13.0 % ; istradefylline 40 mg/day , 12.1 % ) . reduced daily OFF time and was well tolerated in Japanese PD patients with motor complications on levodopa treatment ."
1553,Abstract #1553,"measure the time effect profiles of a once daily administered combination tablet felodipine-metoprolol 5/50 mg ( Logimax , Astra ) and amlodipine 5 mg ( Norvasc , Pfizer ) on blood pressure and heart rate using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring . multicentre parallel-group study with a single-blind placebo run-in period of 4 weeks duration and a 6-week double-blind active treatment period . of 245 randomized outpatients ( 90 men , 155 women ) with uncomplicated mild-to-moderate primary hypertension and mean sitting diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) 95-115 mmHg inclusive , 212 ( 102 on felodipine-metoprolol , 110 on amlodipine ) were eligible for analysis . ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed at the end of the placebo run-in ( baseline ) and after 6 weeks active treatment ( posttreatment ) . felodipine-metoprolol and amlodipine induced smooth and consistent reduction in DBP and systolic blood pressure throughout the 24-h period , hence not altering the diurnal rhythm . , felodipine-metoprolol reduced all average blood pressures ( 24-h , day - and night-time ) more than amlodipine ( for 24-h average blood pressure 14.4 / 9.5 mmHg and 8.9 / 5.5 mmHg , respectively ) . of individual diastolic trough-to-peak ( T/P ) ratios were similar for felodipine-metoprolol and amlodipine ( 54 and 50 % , respectively ) , while for the systolic T/P ratios , the corresponding values were 74 and 35 % , repectively ; no significant difference between treatments was seen . distinguished from amlodipine , both heart rate and rate pressure product were markedly decreased on felodipine-metoprolol throughout the 24-h period and even during the early morning hours . general , both treatments were well tolerated . felodipine-metoprolol and amlodipine achieved optimal control of blood pressure during the inter-dosing interval in line with their pharmokinetic profiles . vasodilatory adverse events were slightly more reported with felodipine-metoprolol combination , but due to more pronounced lowering of the average blood pressures and the potent additional effect on heart rate and rate pressure product , the efficacy/tolerability balance seems to be equal to or better than that obtained with monotherapy such as amlodipine ."
1554,Abstract #1554,"pins used in the surgical fixation of fractures in children are often removed in the outpatient clinic without the administration of analgesia . removal can be a cause of anxiety for children , parents , and caregivers . little is known about the requirement of analgesia for this procedure . a randomized controlled trial , we evaluated whether oral acetaminophen or ibuprofen reduced the pain experienced during pin removal . in the study were 240 children between the ages of five and twelve years who had two or three percutaneous pins in the elbow following treatment of a supracondylar humeral fracture or a lateral humeral condyle fracture with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning . patients were randomized into one of three groups ( n = 80 ) allocated to receive acetaminophen , ibuprofen , or vitamin C ( placebo ) an hour before pin removal . pain score was obtained and heart rate measured before pin removal , immediately following the procedure , and ten minutes after pin removal . significant differences were found among the study groups in terms of the demographic data of sex , age , side of injury , or number of pins . score and heart rate did not exhibit differences that were either statistically significant or clinically relevant . change from baseline did not differ significantly among the groups for either measure at either of the follow-up times post pin removal . after pin removal , the mean difference in pain score ( and 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] ) between the acetaminophen group and the ibuprofen group was 0.10 ( -1.03 to 1.23 ) ; between the acetaminophen group and the placebo group , 0.35 ( -0.78 to 1.48 ) ; and between the ibuprofen group and the placebo group , 0.25 ( -0.88 to 1.38 ) . CIs excluded a clinically relevant difference . scores and heart rates returned to preprocedural baseline levels within ten minutes following pin removal . acetaminophen nor ibuprofen significantly reduced the pain score or heart rate associated with percutaneous pin removal in children as compared with the placebo . oral analgesics administered were clinically equivalent to the placebo . results suggest that non-narcotic analgesia use does not significantly reduce pain or heart rate associated with percutaneous pin removal in children ."
1555,Abstract #1555,", a monoclonal antibody selectively depleting CD20 + B cells , has demonstrated efficacy in reducing disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ( MS ) . evaluated rituximab in adults with primary progressive MS ( PPMS ) through 96 weeks and safety through 122 weeks . 2:1 randomization , 439 PPMS patients received two 1,000 mg intravenous rituximab or placebo infusions every 24 weeks , through 96 weeks ( 4 courses ) . primary endpoint was time to confirmed disease progression ( CDP ) , a prespecified increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale sustained for 12 weeks . endpoints were change from baseline to week 96 in T2 lesion volume and total brain volume on magnetic resonance imaging scans . in time to CDP between rituximab and placebo did not reach significance ( 96-week rates : 38.5 % placebo , 30.2 % rituximab ; p = 0.14 ) . baseline to week 96 , rituximab patients had less ( p < 0.001 ) increase in T2 lesion volume ; brain volume change was similar ( p = 0.62 ) to placebo . analysis showed time to CDP was delayed in rituximab-treated patients aged < 51 years ( hazard ratio [ HR ] = 0.52 ; p = 0.010 ) , those with gadolinium-enhancing lesions ( HR = 0.41 ; p = 0.007 ) , and those aged < 51 years with gadolinium-enhancing lesions ( HR = 0.33 ; p = 0.009 ) compared with placebo . events were comparable between groups ; 16.1 % of rituximab and 13.6 % of placebo patients reported serious events . infections occurred in 4.5 % of rituximab and < 1.0 % of placebo patients . events , predominantly mild to moderate , were more common with rituximab during the first course , and decreased to rates comparable to placebo on successive courses . time to CDP between groups was not significant , overall subgroup analyses suggest selective B-cell depletion may affect disease progression in younger patients , particularly those with inflammatory lesions ."
1556,Abstract #1556,"the effectiveness of the family meal intervention ( FMI ) on weight gain . admission 12 adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa were randomly assigned to two groups of outpatient family - based therapy , treated during 6 months , and followed-up at 12 months . were administered at each of these instances . differed only with regard to the FMI . treatments produced considerable and comparable improvement in biological parameters , in depression , and in eating and general psychological symptoms . the FMI did not appear to have a significant effect on weight gain , results suggest it might have a differential benefit for the intractable self-starving patient with greater psychopathology . finding that weight recovery was not associated to general psychological outcome in those patients with more psychiatric co - morbidity , suggests caution when prioritizing clinical goals ."
1557,Abstract #1557,"determine the accuracy of forearm blood flow ( FBF ) ratio ( flow in infused arm/flow in control arm ) to detect unilateral increases in forearm blood flow . nine healthy male volunteers , we measured the effect of infusion of saline into the brachial artery at a rate of 2 ml/100 ml forearm min-1 on FBF ratio during control , mental arithmetic ( MAR ) and lower body negative pressure ( LBNP ) at -40 mmHg . infusion increased FBF ratio from baseline by 115.9 + / -17.4 , 82.0 + / -19.0 and 159.6 + / -53.3 % for control , MAR and LBNP , respectively ( P < 0.05 for MAR vs control ) . ratio may underestimate unilateral increases in forearm blood flow during simultaneous mental arousal ."
1558,Abstract #1558,"prospectively evaluate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) for accurate localization of intraprostatic tumor nodules , with whole-mount histopathology as the gold standard . patients with biopsy-proven , intermediate , and high-risk prostate cancer underwent preoperative T2-weighted ( T2w ) , dynamic contrast-enhanced ( DCE ) and diffusion-weighted ( DW ) MRI at 1.5 T. Localization of suspicious lesions was recorded for each of 24 standardized regions of interest on the different MR images and correlated with the pathologic findings . estimating equations ( GEE ) were used to estimate the sensitivity , specificity , accuracy , positive , and negative predictive value for every MRI modality , as well as to evaluate the influence of Gleason score and pT-stage . volume measurements on histopathological specimens were correlated with those on the different MR modalities ( Pearson correlation ) . MRI had the highest sensitivity for tumor localization ( 31.1 % vs. 27.4 % vs. 44.5 % for T2w , DCE , and DW MRI , respectively ; P < 0.005 ) , with more aggressive or more advanced tumors being more easily detected with this imaging modality . higher sensitivity values were obtained for the combination of T2w , DCE , and DW MRI ( 58.8 % ) as compared to each modality alone or any combination of two modalities ( P < 0.0001 ) . volume can most accurately be assessed by means of DW MRI ( r = 0.75 ; P < 0.0001 ) . T2w , DCE , and DW imaging significantly improves prostate cancer localization ."
1559,Abstract #1559,"examine the effects of locally applied heat on the systemic delivery of fentanyl through the Transdermal Fentanyl Delivery System . , 2-period crossover randomized study conducted in the anesthesia department of a university teaching hospital . healthy adult volunteers received a fentanyl 25-microg/h patch with and without local heat for 240 minutes followed by administration without heat for an additional 20 hours . then crossed over . blood was drawn at baseline and hourly for 24 hours . plasma concentration ( CMax ) of fentanyl was measured and the area under the curve ( AUC ) of the plasma fentanyl concentration versus time post administration graph was evaluated . in CMax and AUC were not statistically significant over the entire 24-hour study period . , for the 4-hour period of heat application statistically significant differences were seen in both mean CMax ( heat , 0.4 ng/mL versus no heat , 0.1 ng/mL ( P = .030 ) ) and mean AUC ( heat , 40 ng/mL x min versus no heat , 10 ng/mL x min ( P = .010 ) ) . heat can speed the onset of steady state fentanyl concentration in the Fentanyl Transdermal Drug Delivery System thus limiting the delay in onset of analgesia and allowing earlier identification and treatment of side effects ."
1560,Abstract #1560,"prospective study was conducted to determine the spectrum of micro-organisms encountered in patients with active-stage chronic suppurative otitis media ( CSOM ) ( tubotympanic type ) and to see whether prescribing an antibiotic after culture sensitivity was more beneficial as compared to initial treatment without cultures . randomized study of 110 patients of active CSOM ( tubotympanic type ) divided into two groups of 55 cases each . of Ear , Nose and Throat and Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital . patients in group A were prescribed an antibiotic according to the culture and sensitivity , whereas in group B , culture was not done at the first visit , and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial , namely , co-trimoxazole , was prescribed blindly for a maximum period of 2 weeks . cases that still had ear discharge were then subjected to culture and sensitivity and the antibiotic was prescribed accordingly . patients in group A were subjected to bacterial culture and sensitivity and fungal culture . failed cases in group B were subjected to the same . group A , 47 patients ( 85.50 % ) had positive bacterial culture and 20 patients had positive fungal culture . aeruginosa was the most common bacterial isolate . of these 47 patients had a dry ear with a maximum 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy . the remaining 8 patients who had negative bacterial culture , 5 patients ( 9.0 % ) showed fungal isolates on culture and responded to topical antifungal treatment . remaining 3 failed cases ( 5.5 % ) responded to daily dry mopping alone . group B , 41 patients ( 74.54 % ) attained a dry ear . culture and sensitivity were done in the remaining 14 ( 25.46 % ) failed cases . culture was positive in 11 patients ( 20.0 % ) and sterile in 3 patients ( 5.5 % ) . the latter group , only 1 patient had fungus on culture and the remaining 2 patients responded to daily dry mopping alone , which was done at a maximum for a week only . most common fungal pathogen isolated was Aspergillus flavus . aeruginosa was the most common bacteria and Aspergillus flavus the most common fungus isolated in this study . group A patients , the failed cases were less as compared to the control group B , but the p value was .2 . , there is no definite role of culture and sensitivity in the initial management plan of all cases of CSOM . , every such case should be prescribed a broad-spectrum antibiotic and only in failed cases should culture and sensitivity be done ."
1561,Abstract #1561,"aim of this randomized Phase II study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of a cisplatin-containing regimen with a carboplatin-containing regimen for patients with recurrent or metastatic bladder cancer . patients with recurrent or metastatic bladder cancer were randomized to receive M-VEC treatment ( methotrexate , vinblastine , epirubicin , and cisplatin ) ( n = 29 ) or M-VECa treatment ( methotrexate , vinblastine , epirubicin , and carboplatin ) ( n = 28 ) . chemotherapy was scheduled at 28-day intervals . granulocyte-colony stimulating factors were administered daily when the absolute neutrophil count fell below 1000/mm3 . development of ototoxicity was evaluated by measuring auditory brain stem response . the 57 entered patients , 55 were evaluable for response and toxicity . overall clinical response rate was 71 % ( with 25 % complete responses ) in the M-VEC group and 41 % ( with 11 % complete responses ) in the M-VECa group ( P = 0.04 ) . chemotherapy was associated with more pronounced side effects . was a statistically significant difference between M-VEC and M-VECa in terms of gastrointestinal toxicity ( P = 0.04 ) , nephrotoxicity ( P = 0.03 ) , and neurotoxicity ( P = 0.02 ) during Cycle 3 of chemotherapy . and neutropenia were worse in the M-VECa arm , but not significantly so ( P = 0.4 ) . was only detected in one of seven examined M-VEC patients after two cycles of chemotherapy . has a low level of gastrointestinal , renal , neurologic , and otologic toxicity , but is apparently less effective than M-VEC in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic bladder cancer . , a larger , randomized Phase III trial is needed to confirm these results ."
1562,Abstract #1562,"injury rate in soccer is high , and effective injury prevention methods are needed . test the effect of a video-based awareness program on the incidence of acute injuries in soccer . control trial ; Level of evidence , 1 . were elite male soccer players from the top 2 divisions in Iceland . of 20 teams completed the study : 7 intervention teams ( 127 players ) and 8 control teams ( 144 players ) chosen by random . before the start of the 2000 soccer season , the intervention teams were visited with an intervention program . program included a 15-minute presentation with information on the injury risk of playing elite soccer , typical injuries , and their mechanisms . the players worked together in pairs and analyzed video sequences to develop preventive strategies . 12 video sequences were selected from the previous Icelandic soccer season , representing 3 typical injury mechanisms that accounted for more than half of all incidents recorded . the season , team physical therapists prospectively recorded all acute injuries , and coaches recorded training exposure on a special form . incidence was compared between groups and between the 1999 and 2000 seasons for teams that participated in both seasons . difference was observed in injury incidence between the intervention ( 6.6 + / - 0.7 injuries per 1000 player hours ) and control groups ( 6.6 + / - 0.7 injuries per 1000 player hours ) . , there was no difference in injury location or type . video-based injury awareness program showed no effect on injury rate ."
1563,Abstract #1563,"evaluate the efficacy of a two-session assessment and feedback intervention designed to reach and increase motivation for change in marijuana users who were experiencing negative consequences but were ambivalent about change . assignment to one of two types of feedback conditions or a delayed feedback control ( DFC ) with follow-up assessments at 7 weeks , 6 months and 12 months . University of Washington research center in Seattle , Washington . total of 188 adult male and female marijuana users who responded to advertisements . A personalized feedback ( PF ) condition utilizing motivational interviewing was compared to an educational control condition labeled multi-media feedback ( MMF ) . use , dependence symptoms , other associated negative consequences and motivational constructs were assessed at all time-points . participants reported fewer days of use per week , fewer periods of use per day and fewer dependence symptoms at 7 weeks than those in the MMF and DFC conditions . participants also reported fewer days of use per week compared to MMF participants at the 12-month follow-up and fewer dependence symptoms at both the 6 - and 12-month follow-ups compared to MMF participants . PF intervention , delivered in the context of a check-up , shows potential as a way of reaching and motivating change in marijuana users with a diagnosable disorder who otherwise are not ready to approach treatment . of augmenting the modest absolute levels of change are discussed ."
1564,Abstract #1564,"a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial with 375 patients the authors investigated the antidepressant efficacy and safety of 300 mg t.i.d. of hydroalcoholic Hypericum perforatum extract WS 5570 . study participants were male and female adult outpatients with mild to moderate major depression ( single or recurrent episode , DSM-IV criteria ) . a single-blind placebo run-in phase , the patients were randomly assigned , 186 to WS 5570 and 189 to placebo , after which they received double-blind treatment for 6 weeks . visits were held after 1 , 2 , 4 , and 6 weeks . primary outcome measure was the change from baseline in the total score on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale . addition , analyses of responders ( patients with at least a 50 % reduction in Hamilton total score ) and patients with remissions ( patients with a total score of 6 or less on the Hamilton scale at treatment end ) were carried out , and subscale/subgroup analyses were conducted . design included an adaptive interim analysis performed after random assignment of 169 patients with options for group size adjustment or early termination . to placebo , WS 5570 produced a significantly greater reduction in total score on the Hamilton depression scale and significantly more patients with treatment response or remission . was more effective in patients with higher baseline Hamilton scores and led to global reduction of depression-related core symptoms , assessed with the melancholia subscale of the Hamilton scale . placebo and WS 5570 groups had comparable adverse events . perforatum extract WS 5570 was found to be safe and more effective than placebo for the treatment of mild to moderate depression ."
1565,Abstract #1565,"treatment is the mainstay for management of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency ( EPI ) in dogs . Enteric-coated ' preparations have been developed to protect the enzyme from degradation in the stomach , but their efficacy has not been critically evaluated . hypothesis of the current study was that enteric coating would have no effect on the efficacy of pancreatic enzyme treatment for dogs with EPI.Thirty-eight client-owned dogs with naturally occurring EPI were included in this multicentre , blinded , randomised controlled trial . received either an enteric-coated enzyme preparation ( test treatment ) or an identical preparation without the enteric coating ( control treatment ) over a period of 56 days . were no significant differences in either signalment or cobalamin status ( where cobalamin deficient or not ) between the dogs on the test and control treatments . weight and body condition score increased in both groups during the trial ( P < 0.001 ) but the magnitude of increase was greater for the test treatment compared with the control treatment ( P < 0.001 ) . day 56 , mean body weight increase was 17 % ( 95 % confidence interval 11-23 % ) in the test treatment group and 9 % ( 95 % confidence interval 4-15 % ) in the control treatment group . dose of enzyme required increased over time ( P < 0.001 ) but there was no significant difference between treatments at any time point ( P = 0.225 ) . disease severity score decreased over time for both groups ( P = 0.011 ) and no difference was noted between groups ( P = 0.869 ) . significant adverse effects were reported , for either treatment , for the duration of the trial . coating a pancreatic enzyme treatment improves response in canine EPI ."
1566,Abstract #1566,"demonstrated superiority over placebo for mania in bipolar I disorder patients experiencing acute current manic or mixed episodes in 2 randomized , placebo-and olanzapine-controlled trials . report the results of exploratory pooled post hoc analyses from these trials evaluating asenapine 's effects on depressive symptoms in patients from these trials with significant baseline depressive symptoms . the original trials ( A7501004 [ NCT00159744 ] , A7501005 [ NCT00159796 ] ) , 977 patients were randomized to flexible-dose sublingual asenapine ( 10 mg twice daily on day 1 ; 5 or 10 mg twice daily thereafter ) , placebo , or oral olanzapine 5-20 mg once daily for 3 weeks . populations were defined using baseline depressive symptoms : ( 1 ) Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ( MADRS ) total score 20 ( n = 132 ) ; ( 2 ) Clinical Global Impression for Bipolar Disorder-Depression ( CGI-BP-D ) scale severity score 4 ( n = 170 ) ; ( 3 ) diagnosis of mixed episodes ( n = 302 ) by investigative site screening . each population , asenapine and olanzapine were independently compared with placebo using least squares mean change from baseline on depressive symptom measures . in MADRS total score were statistically greater with asenapine versus placebo at days 7 and 21 in all populations ; differences between olanzapine and placebo were not significant . in CGI-BP-D score were significantly greater with asenapine versus placebo at day 7 in all categories and day 21 in population 1 ; CGI-BP-D score reductions were significantly greater with olanzapine versus placebo at day 21 in population 1 and day 7 in populations 2 and 3 . post hoc analyses show that asenapine reduced depressive symptoms in bipolar I disorder patients experiencing acute manic or mixed episodes with clinically relevant depressive symptoms at baseline ; olanzapine results appeared to be less consistent . studies of asenapine in patients with acute bipolar depression are necessary to confirm the generalizability of these findings ."
1567,Abstract #1567,"papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccination is a safe and effective primary prevention strategy for cervical cancer . the need for effective HPV vaccination interventions , relatively few have been tested . , existing interventions have tended to use a one-size-fits-all educational approach . investigated whether tailoring intervention materials to young adult women 's perceived barriers to HPV vaccination-a known psychosocial predictor of vaccine uptake-would increase women 's intentions to receive the HPV vaccine . adult women ( N = 94 ; aged 18-26 years ) who had not been vaccinated against HPV were randomly assigned to read either a nontailored message about HPV vaccination or a message that was individually tailored to participants ' perceived barriers to HPV vaccine uptake ( e.g. , safety concerns , cost , and not sexually active ) . ' intentions to receive the HPV vaccine in the next year were assessed before and after delivery of the intervention and served as the primary outcome variable . most commonly selected barrier and primary reason for not getting vaccinated was concern about vaccine adverse effects ( endorsed by 55 % ) . about HPV vaccination increased after exposure to the intervention but did not differ by experimental condition . HPV vaccination intentions increased from pretest to posttest in both conditions , participants in the tailored condition reported greater increases in intentions than did participants in the nontailored condition ( F1 ,90 = 4.02 , P = 0.048 , partial = 0.043 ) . suggest that tailoring intervention materials to women 's individual barriers is a potentially promising strategy for increasing HPV vaccination among young adult women ."
1568,Abstract #1568,"release of inflammatory mediators following surgical injury is associated with immunological alteration , which may predispose to sepsis . surgery is associated with reduced postoperative complications , but mechanisms are unclear . hypothesized that early recovery following laparoscopic surgery may relate to minimal impairment of immune function . of the temporal immune responses in two similar groups of patients randomized to open ( n = 22 ) vs laparoscopic ( n = 22 ) cholecystectomy . were matched for age , height , weight , and operation time . parameters , including monocyte superoxide anion ( O2 - ) and tumor necrosis factor release , neutrophil O2 - levels and chemotaxis , total white blood cell counts , partial arterial oxygen pressure , and serum cortisol and C-reactive protein levels were assessed preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 3 . were significant increases ( P < .001 ) in monocyte release of O2 - and tumor necrosis factor , neutrophil release of O2 - and chemotaxis , and white blood cell count in the open vs laparoscopic cholecystectomy study groups , with a concommitant decrease in partial arterial oxygen pressure . findings correlated with significantly higher postoperative septic complications in the open cholecystectomy group ( P < .05 ) . were no significant differences in either plasma cortisol or C-reactive protein levels between groups . measurements were carried out in a blinded fashion . study demonstrates that laparoscopic surgery appears to be associated with similar metabolic responses compared with open surgery , while immune parameters vary greatly between groups . beneficial effects of laparoscopic surgery may relate , in part , to preservation of immune function in the postoperative period ."
1569,Abstract #1569,"probe into the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture ( EA ) for simple obesity patients . simple obesity patients were randomly divided into control , manual acupuncture ( MA ) and EA groups with 20 cases in each group . groups ( 1 ) Liangqiu ( ST 34 ) , Xuehai ( SP 10 ) , etc. ; ( 2 ) Gongsun ( SP 4 ) , Neiting ( ST 44 ) , etc. were punctured respectively for MA groups ( once every other day , 27 times altogether ) , and in combination with EA ( 2-5 mA , 0.8-3 Hz , 30 min ) of bilateral Tianshu ( ST 25 ) , Fujie ( SP 14 ) , etc. for EA group . leptin ( Lep ) and adiponectin ( Adi ) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . the treatment , of the 20 cases in control , MA and EA groups , 0 ( 0 % ) , 0 ( 0 % ) and 4 ( 20.0 % ) were cured ; 0 ( 0 % ) , 10 ( 50.0 % ) and 14 ( 70.0 % ) were improved remarkably ; 1 ( 5.0 % ) , 7 ( 35.0 % ) and 1 ( 5.0 % ) were effective ; 19 ( 95.0 % ) , 3 ( 15.0 % ) and 1 ( 5.0 % ) failed , with the effective rates being 5.0 % , 85.0 % and 95.0 % separately . therapeutic effects of both MA and EA groups were significantly higher than that of control group ( P < 0.01 ) . the treatment , serum Lep levels in both MA and EA groups decreased significantly , and serum Adi contents of these two groups increased considerably compared with their own basic values of pre-treatment ( P < 0.05 , 0.01 ) , and the effects of EA were markedly better than those of MA and control groups ( P < 0.05 ) . significant changes were found in Lep and Adi levels in control group ( P > 0.05 ) . EA and manual acupuncture can effectively lower blood Lep content and raise blood Adi in simple obesity patients , which may contribute to its effect in reducing body . . effect of EA is significantly superior t o that of manual acupuncture in the treatment of simple obesity ."
1570,Abstract #1570,"authors developed a diagnostic double-blindfolded survey using placebo-controlled local anesthetic blocks . determine the prevalence of cervical zygapophysial joint pain among patients with chronic neck pain ( more than 3 months ' duration ) after whiplash injury . prevalence of cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash has been studied by means of comparative local anesthetic blocks . concern is that such blocks may be compromised by placebo responses and that prevalence estimates based on such blocks may exaggerate the importance of this condition . consecutive patients referred for chronic neck pain after whiplash were studied . with dominant headache were first screened with the use of comparative blocks of the C2-C3 zygapophysial joint . who had positive responses concluded investigations . who did not experience pain relief together with the patients with dominant neck pain proceeded to undergo placebo-controlled local anesthetic blocks . different local anesthetics and a placebo injection of normal saline were administered in random order and under double-blindfolded conditions . positive diagnosis was made if the patient 's pain was completely and reproducibly relieved by each local anesthetic but not by the placebo injection . patients with dominant headache , comparative blocks revealed that the prevalence of C2-C3 zygapophysial joint pain was 50 % . those without C2-C3 zygapophysial joint pain , placebo-controlled blocks revealed the prevalence of lower cervical zygapophysial joint pain to be 49 % . , the prevalence of cervical zygapophysial joint pain ( C2-C3 or below ) was 60 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 46 % , 73 % ) . zygapophysial joint pain is common among patients with chronic neck pain after whiplash . nosologic entity has survived challenge with placebo-controlled , diagnostic investigations and has proven to be of major clinical importance ."
1571,Abstract #1571,"test the hypothesis that administration of albumin to correct hypoalbuminemia might have beneficial effects on organ function in a mixed population of critically ill patients . Prospective , controlled , randomized study . , mixed medicosurgical department of intensive care . adult patients with a serum albumin concentration < or = 30 g/L were assessed for eligibility . exclusion criteria were expected length of stay < 72 hrs , life expectancy < 3 months or a do-not-resuscitate order , albumin administration in the preceding 24 hrs , or evidence of fluid overload . 100 patients were randomized to receive 300 mL of 20 % albumin solution on the first day , then 200 mL/day provided their serum albumin concentration was < 31 g/dL ( albumin group ) , or to receive no albumin ( control group ) . primary outcome was the effect of albumin administration on organ function as assessed by a delta Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score from day 1 to day 7 ( or the day of intensive care discharge or death , whichever came first ) . two groups of 50 patients were comparable at baseline for age , gender , albumin concentration , and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score . concentration did not change over time in the control group but increased consistently in the albumin group ( p < .001 ) . function improved more in the albumin than in the control group ( p = .026 ) , mainly due to a difference in respiratory , cardiovascular , and central nervous system components of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score . use was identical in both groups , but mean fluid gain was almost three times higher in the control group ( 1679 + / - 1156 vs. 658 + / - 1101 mL , p = .04 ) . daily calorie intake was higher in the albumin than in the control group ( 1122 [ 935-1158 ] vs. 760 [ 571-1077 ] kcal , p = .05 ) . administration may improve organ function in hypoalbuminemic critically ill patients . results in a less positive fluid balance and a better tolerance to enteral feeding ."
1572,Abstract #1572,"human patients with interstitial cystitis , intravesical instillation of alkalinized lidocaine sometimes is associated with sustained amelioration of symptoms beyond the acute treatment phase . cystitis shares many features in common with feline idiopathic cystitis . evaluate whether intravesical instillation of alkalinized lidocaine decreases recurrence of urethral obstruction and severity of clinical signs in cats with obstructive idiopathic LUTD . cats with obstructive idiopathic LUTD . cats in case group ( treatment with alkalinized lidocaine ) and 14 control cats ( treatment with placebo or standard treatment ) . were randomly assigned to treatment ( 2 or 4 mg/kg lidocaine and sodium bicarbonate ) or placebo groups ( 0.2 mL/kg saline solution and sodium bicarbonate ) . intravesical instillation was done once a day for 3 days . cats underwent standard treatment only ( indwelling urinary catheter for 3 days without intravesical instillations ) . 2-week , 1-month , and 2-month follow-up after treatment was made using a questionnaire . recurrence rate and amelioration scores of clinical signs were assessed and compared . of urethral obstruction was 58 % ( 7/12 ) in the case group and 57 % ( 8/14 ) in the control group . scores were similar between the 2 groups . administration of lidocaine for up to 3 consecutive days had no apparent beneficial effect on decreasing recurrence rate and severity of clinical signs in cats with obstructive idiopathic LUTD ."
1573,Abstract #1573,"installed ultraviolet ( UV ) irradiation units were investigated to determine the potential health benefits in mold-sensitized asthmatic children . mold-sensitized asthmatic children 5 to 17 years of age with home central ventilation systems were enrolled in a 28-week double-blinded placebo controlled cross-over trial . outcome measurements included morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates ( PEFR ) , PEFR variability , change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV1 ) , change in total rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma symptom scores , change in rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma quality-of-life scores , and total ( rescue and controller ) medication use from baseline and between time periods . outcomes included changes in temperature , relative humidity , dew point , and indoor airborne mold and bacterial counts from baseline and between time periods . of variance ( ANOVA ) and regression analysis and t test were used to evaluate relationships between environmental exposure ( s ) and clinical outcome measurements during each study period . male and seven female children , average age 10.6 years , were enrolled . statistically significant improvement in PEFR variability in subjects receiving CREON2000 units followed by placebo units was observed ( p < 0.05 ) across both treatment periods . group analysis during treatment period 1 , a statistically significant improvement in reduction of asthma symptom scores , the number of days with asthma symptoms , total asthma medication use , and PEFR variability were observed in subjects receiving CREON2000 units versus placebo units ( p < 0.05 ) . significant differences were observed between the CREON 2000 and placebo units for other clinical or environmental outcome measurements . UV irradiation was effective at reducing airway hyperresponsiveness manifested as PEFR variability and some clinical symptoms . larger cohort controlled longitudinal study to validate the clinical health effects of UV irradiation as a primary indoor environmental intervention for allergic asthma is necessary to confirm this finding ."
1574,Abstract #1574,"Oncology Group ( POG ) studies 9426 and 9425 evaluated dexrazoxane ( DRZ ) as a cardiopulmonary protectant during treatment for Hodgkin 's disease ( HD ) . evaluated incidence and risk factors of acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) / myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS ) and second malignant neoplasms ( SMNs ) . for low - and high-risk HD with doxorubicin , bleomycin , vincristine , and etoposide ( ABVE ) or dose-intensified ABVE with prednisone and cyclophosphamide ( ABVE-PC ) , respectively , was followed by low-dose radiation . number of chemotherapy cycles was determined by rapidity of the initial response . were assigned randomly to receive DRZ ( n = 239 ) or no DRZ ( n = 239 ) concomitantly with chemotherapy to evaluate its potential to decrease adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes . patients developed SMN . of eight patients developed AML/MDS , and both solid tumors ( osteosarcoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma ) occurred in recipients of DRZ . patients with SMN were first events . median 58 months ' follow-up , 4-year cumulative incidence rate ( CIR ) for AML/MDS was 2.55 % + / - 1.0 % with DRZ versus 0.85 % + / - 0.6 % in the non-DRZ group ( P = .160 ) . any SMN , the CIR for DRZ was 3.43 % + / - 1.2 % versus CIR for non-DRZ of 0.85 % + / - 0.6 % ( P = .060 ) . patients receiving DRZ , the standardized incidence rate ( SIR ) for AML/MDS was 613.6 compared with 202.4 for those not receiving DRZ ( P = .0990 ) . SIR for all SMN was 41.86 with DRZ versus 10.08 without DRZ ( P = .0231 ) . is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with a mechanism distinct from etoposide and doxorubicin . DRZ to ABVE and ABVE-PC may have increased the incidence of SMN and AML/MDS ."
1575,Abstract #1575,"variety of factors are related to compliance with medication in schizophrenia , but little attention has been paid to the role of families . ' knowledge or expressed emotion ( EE ) may be related to compliance . aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of these two factors , as well as their relationships with other variables for the prediction of compliance . sample of patient-carer pairs ( N = 79 ) involved in a family intervention for schizophrenia trial was recruited . , symptoms , social functioning and attitudes to their carers were assessed in patients . ' EE , knowledge and psychopathology were also evaluated . number of factors were related to compliance , including carers ' EE and patients ' psychotic symptoms , which contributed independently to not taking medication . ' knowledge about schizophrenia and other groups of symptoms was not related to compliance . may be an important factor to account for in the understanding of patients ' compliance and the direction of the relationship between EE and compliance should be the subject of further study ."
1576,Abstract #1576,"pressure tracks from childhood into adulthood , and early diet may have long-term effects on hypertension . study 's aim was to investigate whether intakes of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 LC-PUFAs ) during lactation and current intakes of macronutrients affect blood pressure in 2.5-y-old Danish children . ( n = 122 ) with low fish intakes were randomly assigned to receive supplementation with 4.5 g fish oil or olive oil/d during the first 4 mo of lactation . trial also included 53 mothers with high fish intakes . hundred five of these women 's children attended a 2.5-y follow-up examination at which anthropometric data and blood pressure were obtained . then kept a 7-d dietary record of food consumed by their children . full set of data from 73 children was analyzed for effects of fish oil supplementation and cross-sectional correlations with current diet . found no significant effect of the mothers ' fish oil intakes during the first 4 mo of lactation on the blood pressure of the children 2.5 y later . protein intakes measured as a percentage of energy were associated cross-sectionally with significantly lower diastolic and systolic blood pressures in the children at age 2.5 y after control for outdoor temperature , age , sex , weight , and height ( P = 0.028 and 0.035 , respectively ) . protein intakes measured as g/d were also associated with significantly lower systolic blood pressures ( P = 0.008 ) . 1-SD increase in protein intake corresponded with a decrease of approximately 3 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure . blood pressure of young Danish children was not significantly affected by intakes of n-3 LC-PUFAs via breast milk , but greater protein intakes at 2.5 y were associated with lower blood pressure ."
1577,Abstract #1577,"assess the utility of an abbreviated teaching tool ( ATT ) in improving emergency medicine pediatricians ' knowledge of the diagnosis and the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID ) . 18-question internet-based survey , which included questions about the diagnosis and the treatment of PID , was administered to members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Emergency Medicine . were randomized to receive either a weblink to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines ( weblink group ) or a 1-page ATT that summarized the CDC guidelines ( ATT group ) to assist with completion of the survey . compared the accuracy of responses between the 2 groups . hundred thirty-seven subjects responded to the survey ( 109 from the weblink group and 128 from ATT group ) . were no significant differences between the groups with respect to sex , geographic location , practice setting , years of experience , or reported frequency of recent PID diagnoses . percent of the ATT group correctly identified the appropriate antibiotic regimen in compliance with the CDC guidelines compared with 61 % of the weblink group ( OR , 19.4 ; 95 % confidence interval , 6.6-76 .9 ) ; the ATT group was also more likely to correctly identify appropriate treatment options overall ( OR , 9.6 ; 95 % confidence interval , 4.9-19 .3 ) . the overall PID knowledge in our sample was low , the physicians with access to a 1-page teaching tool summarizing the CDC treatment recommendations for PID performed significantly better when asked questions involving PID treatment as compared with providers with access to the CDC Web site . studies should investigate whether access to a similar tool can improve patient care ."
1578,Abstract #1578,"granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) mobilized pluripotent cells from the bone marrow are proposed to have a regenerative potential . , a report of excessive instent restenosis , in patients treated with G-CSF before percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) warrants caution . ( n = 59 ) enrolled in the STEMMI trial , a randomized and double blind study , comparing G-CSF and placebo after large ST-elevation myocardial infarctions , had an intracoronary ultrasound imaging at 6 months follow-up with a quantitative analysis of instent neointimal hyperplasia . G-CSF treatment leukocyte counts , and CD34 + and CD45 - / CD34 - cell fractions in peripheral blood increased markedly ( p < 0.0001 vs. placebo ) . follow-up , there were no differences in intracoronary late lumen loss , expressed as neointima volume per mm of stent ( 1.6 mm ( 3 ) 1.2 [ G-CSF group ] vs. 1.9 mm ( 3 ) 1.3 [ placebo group ] ; p = 0.38 ) , and in minimal instent lumen area ( 5.4 mm ( 2 ) 2.4 vs. 5.3 mm ( 2 ) 2.6 , p = 0.90 ) . the placebo group , plasma concentration of stromal cell-derived factor-1 ( SDF-1 ) increased significantly after STEMI . SDF-1 response was completely suppressed during G-CSF treatment . rebound increase of SDF-1 was observed after withdrawal of G-CSF ( p = 0.001 ) . concentration of SDF-1 at the time of stent implantation correlated positively to neointimal hyperplasia ( p = 0.025 ) . treatment , initiated after PCI , does not lead to excessive instent neointimal hyperplasia or restenosis in patients with STEMI . timing of G-CSF , in relation to the PCI , might be important , as G-CSF influences SDF-1 ."
1579,Abstract #1579,"and segmental pulmonary vein ablations are two established treatment strategies for ablation of atrial fibrillation . techniques require the application of radiofrequency current at anatomical sites that are close to autonomic ganglia . , the effects of current pulmonary vein ablation techniques on cardiac autonomic function are unknown . purpose of this study was to analyze the short - and long-term effects of circumferential and segmental pulmonary vein ablation on cardiac autonomic function . hundred patients with highly symptomatic atrial fibrillation were randomly assigned to undergo either circumferential or segmental pulmonary vein ablation . recordings were recorded at baseline and at regular intervals for up to 1 year after ablation . function was assessed by deceleration capacity and acceleration capacity of heart rate as well as by standard measures of heart rate variability . the circumferential pulmonary vein ablation group , deceleration capacity and acceleration capacity decreased highly significantly from 5.7 + / - 2.1 ms and -8.0 + / - 1.9 ms at baseline to 3.3 + / - 1.8 ms and -5.5 + / - 2.3 ms directly after ablation , respectively ( P < .00001 ) . of deceleration capacity and acceleration capacity was present up to 1 year after ablation . the segmental pulmonary vein ablation group , deceleration capacity and acceleration capacity decreased from 5.8 + / - 2.0 ms and -7.8 + / - 1.6 ms at baseline to 3.4 + / - 1.2 ms and -6.0 + / - 2.4 ms directly after ablation ( P < .00001 ) , respectively . , deceleration capacity and acceleration capacity returned to baseline values within 1 month . and segmental pulmonary vein ablations induce an immediate decrease of autonomic function . , while this decrease is only transient with segmental pulmonary vein ablation , it persists with circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for at least 1 year ."
1580,Abstract #1580,"determine the enamel abrasivity of three whitening toothpastes and a silica toothpaste and to measure the brushing forces used . human enamel blocks were indented with a Knoop diamond and attached to dentures of adult volunteers . blocks were brushed ex vivo , twice per day with either a whitening toothpaste containing Perlite ( White System ) , a commercial whitening toothpaste ( A and B ) or a silica toothpaste . four and twelve-weeks , one block per subject was removed and the Knoop indent remeasured . the changes in the indent length , the amount of enamel wear was calculated . mean enamel wear ( sd ) for White System , silica toothpaste , whitening toothpaste A and B after four-weeks was 0.14 ( 0.15 ) , 0.09 ( 0.16 ) , 0.14 ( 0.12 ) and 0.89 ( 0.93 ) and after twelve-weeks was 0.24 ( 0.21 ) , 0.37 ( 0.73 ) , 0.36 ( 0.52 ) and 1.04 ( 0.98 ) microm respectively . four-weeks , the differences in enamel wear between whitening toothpaste B and all other toothpastes were of statistical significance ( p < 0.003 ) , but not after twelve-weeks . mean ex vivo normal brushing force ( sd ) was 2.67 ( 1.33 ) N. three whitening toothpastes did not give significantly more enamel wear than a silica toothpaste after twelve-weeks in situ with ex vivo brushing ."
1581,Abstract #1581,"legs syndrome ( RLS ) is a condition characterized by an urge to move the legs , usually accompanied by lower limb paresthesias . symptoms worsen at rest , are relieved by activity , and are worse at night . studies have suggested that dopaminergic drugs such as L-dopa and dopamine agonists , as well as benzodiazepines and opioids , can treat RLS successfully . purpose of this study was to test the clinical efficacy of ropinirole , a D2/D3 agonist , in the treatment of RLS in a double-blind , short-term , placebo-controlled clinical trial . undergoing successful open-label titration and dose adjustments with ropinirole for RLS symptoms over a period of 4 weeks , 22 RLS patients ( mean age = 50.8 ; mean duration of symptoms = 26.1 years ) were randomized to receive either placebo ( n = 13 ) or ropinirole ( n = 9 ) for 2 additional weeks . measures included assessment of periodic leg movements in sleep ( PLMS ) recorded with nocturnal polysomnography and RLS symptoms as assessed with the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group ( IRLSSG ) Rating Scale . outcomes included sleep macroarchitecture . indicated that relative to placebo , ropinirole , at a mean dose of 1.4 mg HS significantly decreased PLMS and RLS symptoms . macroarchitecture did not change . effects were typical of all dopamine agonists and were dose related . majority of patients elected to continue treatment with ropinirole upon study completion . successfully treated long-standing RLS and can be considered a viable short-term treatment for this condition ."
1582,Abstract #1582,"in nursing home residents with dementia leads to increase in psychotropic medication , decrease in quality of life , and to patient distress and caregiver burden . therapy has previously been found effective in treatment of agitation in dementia care but studies have been methodologically insufficient . aim of this study was to examine the effect of individual music therapy on agitation in persons with moderate/severe dementia living in nursing homes , and to explore its effect on psychotropic medication and quality of life . a crossover trial , 42 participants with dementia were randomized to a sequence of six weeks of individual music therapy and six weeks of standard care . measures included agitation , quality of life and medication . disruptiveness increased during standard care and decreased during music therapy . difference at -6.77 ( 95 % CI ( confidence interval ) : -12.71 , -0.83 ) was significant ( p = 0.027 ) , with a medium effect size ( 0.50 ) . prescription of psychotropic medication increased significantly more often during standard care than during music therapy ( p = 0.02 ) . study shows that six weeks of music therapy reduces agitation disruptiveness and prevents medication increases in people with dementia . positive trends in relation to agitation frequency and quality of life call for further research with a larger sample ."
1583,Abstract #1583,"resynchronization therapy ( CRT ) is useful in managing patients with refractory heart failure . increase efficacy , pacemaker settings are optimized , with Doppler echocardiography being the preferred method . , acoustic cardiography , an automated method that records , analyzes , and displays simultaneous ECG and heart sound data , has been developed . this study , the suitability of acoustic cardiography as an alternative to Doppler echocardiography in CRT optimization is evaluated . studied 43 CRT patients undergoing optimization . Doppler echocardiography , we determined the optimal atrioventricular ( AV ) delay with a transmitral flow assessment . optimization of the interventricular ( VV ) delay , we used the left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral ( VTI ) . acoustic cardiography , we used the electromechanical activation time ( EMAT , the interval from QRS onset to the S1 ) . of echocardiography and acoustic cardiography was determined by programming 10 different delay settings twice in random order . 43 subjects underwent AV optimization , and 14 had CRT devices allowing VV optimization . the intraobserver variability of EMAT and Doppler echocardiography parameter was similar ( 9.9 % vs 8.5 % ) , the reproducibility of EMAT was the highest ( r = 0.91 ) and VTI was the lowest ( r = 0.35 ) . correlation between the optimal AV delays determined by EMAT versus transmitral flow assessment was 0.86 ( P < 0.001 ) . correlation between the optimal VV delays determined by EMAT versus VTI was 0.58 ( P < 0.05 ) , perhaps due to the poor reproducibility of the VTI . CRT optimization , acoustic cardiography provides results similar to echocardiography but with improved reproducibility and ease of use ."
1584,Abstract #1584,"relief and drainage as well as adjunct medicinal and physical therapy of dental abscesses are indisputable treatment options . is currently controversial at what time the tooth extraction should take place . aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in treatment success depending on the time of tooth extraction . randomized patient sample ( n = 177 ) from two clinics was examined that differed in the therapy only regarding the time of tooth extraction . complications , inpatient care , duration of surgeries and incidents during anesthesia were examined . significant differences for inpatient care were impressive . Abscess incision and tooth extraction performed simultaneously led to an average hospital stay of 8 days compared to 11 days when done at two different times . of surgeries was also significantly shorter for the single procedure . complications only occurred in 2-4 % of all cases . expressed in the literature include complete refusal to do tooth extraction immediately , or extraction of the causal teeth while providing antibiotic protection or even complete support of immediate extraction . all factors , this study supports a single procedure with a shorter duration of hospital stays depending on local , personnel and logistical circumstances , especially regarding the forthcoming introduction of the DRGs ."
1585,Abstract #1585,"compare in vivo corneal endothelial cell loss ( ECL ) after fluid-based versus ultrasound phacoemulsification . this prospective randomized study , 2 groups of 21 patients underwent phacoemulsification with ultrasound ( group 1 ) or a fluid-based system ( group 2 ) . `` divide and conquer '' method with capsular bag lens implantation was performed . graded up to nuclear opalescence 4.9 in Lens Opacities Classification System III ( LOCS III ) only were included . cell density ( ECD ) , percent hexagonality , endothelial cell area ( ECA ) , coefficient of variation in cell size , and central corneal pachymetry were measured preoperatively , 7 days , 1 month , and 3 months after surgery . analysis was performed by using a 2-tailed Student t test . nuclear opalescence was identical in both groups ( P = 0.908 ) . ECD was 1867 + / - 451 and 2031 + / - 400 cells/mm at 3 months postoperatively . ECL was 498 + / - 415 ( 20.6 % + / - 17.1 % ) and 302 + / - 302 cells/mm ( 13.3 % + / - 13.2 % ) at 7 days , 589 + / - 342 ( 24.3 % + / - 14 % ) and 254 + / - 214 cells/mm ( 11.2 % + / - 9.1 % ) at 1 month , and 555 + / - 340 ( 22.9 % + / - 14 % ) and 247 + / - 208 cells/mm ( 10.9 % + / - 9.1 % ) at 3 months in groups 1 and 2 , respectively . was significantly lower for group 1 than for group 2 ( P < 0.001 ) after the first postoperative month . significant increase in ECA was also observed at the first and third ( P = 0.012 ) postoperative months . study showed significantly lower ECL after phacoemulsification for a fluid-based versus an ultrasound system . fluid-based method was safer than conventional ultrasound in cataract surgery , with a nuclear opalescence graded up to 4.9 in the LOCS III classification ."
1586,Abstract #1586,"main purpose was to compare safety and efficacy in the treatment of progressive keratoconus with `` epithelium-on '' and `` epithelium-off '' corneal collagen cross-linking ( CXL ) . secondary purpose was to evaluate efficacy of CXL when hypotonic 0.5 % riboflavin is used as photosensitizer . eye of 20 patients with bilateral progressive keratoconus was randomly treated for `` epithelium-on '' CXL ( group 1 ) while the fellow eye underwent `` epithelium-off '' CXL ( group 2 ) . 0.5 % riboflavin was used in both groups . acuity , refraction , corneal topography , and wavefront aberrometry were evaluated at baseline and after 1 , 6 , and 12 months . microscopy was performed on 10 patients preoperatively and after 12 months . pain was evaluated using a patient questionnaire . and corrected distance visual acuity improved significantly in both groups . , topography , and aberrometry showed nonsignificant changes from the preoperative status throughout the 12-month follow-up in both groups . , the outcomes between the groups were comparable at all follow-up points . cell-count was stable . pain length was shorter in group 1 ( P < 0.001 ) . Epithelium-on '' and `` epithelium-off '' CXL using hypotonic 0.5 % riboflavin were equally safe and effective in stabilization of keratoconus . and aberrometry outcomes in both groups failed to show any significant improvements . study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT01181219 ."
1587,Abstract #1587,"benefits of 2-unit red blood cell ( RBC ) apheresis are evident , but iron depletion may be a limiting factor in using this technology . iron supplementation may allow a better utilization of this technique . this study , 260 regular blood donors donated 2-unit RBCs on each of a total of seven visits at intervals of 8 to 10 weeks . volunteers were randomly assigned to receive 100 mg of iron ( II ) or placebo daily . A received iron capsules after the first three donations , and Group B after the second three donations , respectively . , serum ferritin , and serum iron were measured before each donation . serum ferritin concentration decreased after each donation in the placebo phase of both treatment groups , but it remained largely constant during the iron phase in Group A , and even increased during the iron phase in Group B. iron supplementation prevents iron depletion in the majority of donors after 2-unit RBC apheresis within an 8 - to 10-week period ."
1588,Abstract #1588,"budesonide effectively induces clinical remission in patients with collagenous colitis , a debilitating illness characterized by chronic watery/loose diarrhea , but there is a high rate of relapse after treatment cessation . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of long-term therapy with oral budesonide ( Entocort CIR capsules ) for maintenance of clinical remission of collagenous colitis . were aged > 18 years with histologically proven collagenous colitis and > 3 watery/loose stools per day on > or = 4 of the prior 7 days . oral budesonide 9 mg/d was administered to all patients for 6 weeks . in clinical remission ( < or = 3 stools per day ) at week 6 were subsequently randomized to double-blind oral treatment with budesonide 6 mg/d or matching placebo for 6 months . was defined as > 3 stools per day on > or = 4 consecutive days ( and included patients withdrawn because of adverse events ) . 48 enrolled patients , 46 ( 96 % ) achieved clinical remission at week 6 and were randomized to maintenance budesonide or placebo . were 21 relapses during maintenance therapy , and almost all occurred during the first 2 months . therapy was associated with a significantly lower cumulative rate of relapse compared with placebo ( 6/23 [ 26 % ] and 15/23 [ 65 % ] , respectively ; P = .022 ) , and high correlation between clinical remission and histologic improvement was observed . was well tolerated with no serious adverse events . budesonide 6 mg/d is efficacious and well tolerated for long-term maintenance of clinical remission in patients with collagenous colitis ."
1589,Abstract #1589,"compare the pharmacokinetics of vaginal and oral administration of the prostaglandin E1 analogue , misoprostol . women received 400-micrograms doses of misoprostol either orally or as tablets placed in the vagina . levels of principal metabolite , misoprostol acid , were measured at 7.5 , 15 , 30 , 45 , 60 , 90 , 120 , and 240 minutes . first ten women were pregnant and undergoing first-trimester abortions , and the last ten were not pregnant and had additional blood sampling at 360 minutes . compared the pharmacokinetics of misoprostol acid after oral and vaginal administration . 20 subjects completed the study . maximum mean ( + / - standard deviation [ SD ] ) of misoprostol acid differed significantly between the oral and vaginal groups ( 277 + / - 124 compared with 165 + / d - 86 pg/mL , respectively ; P = .03 , analysis of variance ) , as did the mean + / - SD time to peak levels ( 34 + / - 17 compared with 80 + / - 27 minutes , respectively ; P < .001 ) and areas under the misoprostol concentration versus time curve ( mean + / - SD ) up to 4 hours ( n = 20,273.3 + / - 110.0 compared with 503.3 + / - 296.7 pg.hour / mL , respectively ; P = .033 ) and up to 6 hours ( n = 10 , 300.0 + / - 103.3 compared with 956.7 + / - 541.7 pg.hour / mL , respectively ; P = .029 ) . extent of absorption was highly variable among subjects in each group . are significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of misoprostol administered by vaginal and oral routes that may explain the difference observed in clinical efficacy . that the pharmacologic effect of misoprostol is related to its concentration in the plasma , our observation of the prolonged serum concentrations in the vaginal group suggests that vaginal administration could be dosed at longer intervals than oral ."
1590,Abstract #1590,"examine 12-month effects of a booster-enhanced preconception counseling ( PC ) program ( READY-Girls ) on family planning for teen girls with type 1 and type 2 diabetes . 13-19 years of age ( n = 109 ) were randomized to a standard care control group ( CG ) or intervention group ( IG ) that received PC over three consecutive clinic visits . data were collected at baseline , 3 - and 6-month booster sessions , and a 12-month follow-up visit . age was 15.8 years ; 9 ( 8 % ) subjects had type 2 diabetes ; and 18 ( 17 % ) subjects were African American . baseline , 20 % ( n = 22 of 109 ) had been sexually active , and of these , 50 % ( n = 11 ) had at least one episode of unprotected sex . time , IG participants retained greater PC knowledge ( F [ 6 , 541 ] = 4.05 , P = 0.0005 ) and stronger intentions regarding PC ( significant group-by-time effects ) especially after boosters . participants had greater intentions to discuss PC ( F [ 6 , 82.4 ] = 2.56 , P = 0.0254 ) and BC ( F [ 6 , 534 ] = 3.40 , P = 0.0027 ) with health care providers ( HCPs ) and seek PC when planning a pregnancy ( F [ 6 , 534 ] = 2.58 , P = 0.0180 ) . not significant , IG participants , compared with CG , showed a consistent trend toward lower rates of overall sexual activity over time : less sexual debut ( 35 vs. 41 % ) and higher rates of abstinence ( 44 vs. 32 % ) . pregnancies were reported in either group throughout the study . appeared to have long-term sustaining effects on PC knowledge , beliefs , and intentions to initiate discussion with HCPs that could improve reproductive health behaviors and outcomes . boosters and providing PC at each clinic visit could play important roles in sustaining long-term effects ."
1591,Abstract #1591,"aim of this paper was to evaluate the activity of magnolia bark extract added to isoflavones and lactobacilli in menopausal women with typical menopausal symptoms and concomitant borderline psychoaffective and/or sleep alterations , of severity not requiring a psychopharmacological therapy . women were enrolled in a multicenter , controlled , parallel-group study and randomized to E ( isoflavones 60 mg + Lactobacillus sporogenes + calcium and vitamin D3 - Estromineral , Rottapharm Madaus ) versus ES ( magnolia bark extract + E - Estromineral serena ) 1 tablet/night for 12 weeks . 91 gynecological centers , 634 women were treated ( 300 with E and 334 with ES ) , mean age 53.1 years and Body Mass Index ( BMI ) 25.2 kg/m2 ; 28 % were past hormone replacement therapy HRT users and 3.3 % had had a previous breast cancer . treatments significantly reduced versus baseline the symptoms tested at 0 , 4 , 8 and 12 weeks . and ES showed a similar efficacy on hot flushing , nocturnal sweating with awakenings , palpitations and vaginal dryness . was more active on insomnia , irritability , anxiety , depressed mood , asthenia and loss of libido . 's well-being and physician 's final judgment were positive in > 70 % in both groups . rate of adverse events was 1 % with E ( metrorrhagia , cramps and constipation ) and 1.2 % with ES ( gastralgia , blood loss , constipation and breast tension ) . are effective in improving the classical menopause symptoms . clinical activity of magnolia bark extract on the relevant psycho-affective symptoms , particularly anxiety , irritability and insomnia , was evident . in the mild psychical alterations that can occur in climacterium avoids to run the known dependence risks linked to psychopharmacological agents withdrawals ."
1592,Abstract #1592,"endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) increases microvascular permeability . , considerable attention has been devoted to the physiologic roles of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 as regulatory factors of VEGF . study was designed to examine the roles of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in controlling airway microvascular permeability in asthma . of these angiogenic factors and airway vascular permeability index were examined in 30 asthmatics and 12 control subjects . 2-week run-in period , all asthmatics were randomly assigned to receive fluticasone propionate ( 400 mug/d ) or montelukast ( 10 mg ) for 12 weeks . , angiopoietin-1 , and angiopoietin-2 levels in induced sputum were significantly higher in asthmatics than in control subjects . found an inverse correlation between angiopoietin-1 level and vascular permeability index in asthmatics , while there was a positive correlation between angiopoietin-2 level and that index . and angiopoietin-1 levels were significantly decreased after fluticasone therapy , while VEGF and angiopoietin-2 levels were significantly decreased after montelukast therapy . VEGF levels after treatment were different between two groups , vascular permeability index in the montelukast group was the same level as that in the fluticasone group . , improvement in vascular permeability index after fluticasone therapy was inversely correlated with decrease in angiopoietin-1 level , while that after montelukast therapy was positively correlated with decrease in angiopoietin-2 level . and angiopoietin-2 play complementary and coordinated roles in regulating microvascular permeability stimulated by VEGF in asthma . of corticosteroids with leukotriene antagonists might effectively improve plasma leakage and provide a new strategy in treating bronchial asthma ."
1593,Abstract #1593,"compare treatment of acute illness at home and in hospital , assessing safety , effect on geriatric complications , and patient/carer satisfaction . controlled trial . tertiary referral hospital affiliated with the University of New South Wales . patients ( 69 % older than 65 years ) with a variety of acute conditions , who were assessed in the emergency department as requiring admission to hospital . were allocated at random to be treated by a hospital-in-the-home ( HIH ) service in their usual residence or to be admitted to hospital . complications ( confusion , falls , urinary incontinence or retention , faecal incontinence or constipation , phlebitis and pressure areas ) , patient/carer satisfaction , adverse events , and death . was a lower incidence of confusion ( 0 v. 20.4 % [ 95 % CI , 9.1 % -31.7 % ] ; P = 0.0005 ) , urinary complications ( incontinence or retention ) ( 2.0 % [ 95 % CI , -1.8 % , 5.8 % ] v. 16.3 % [ 95 % CI , 6.0 % , 26.6 % ] ; P = 0.01 ) , and bowel complications ( incontinence or constipation ) ( 0 v. 22.5 % [ 95 % CI , 10.7 % , 34.1 % ] ; P = 0.0003 ) among HIH-treated patients . significant difference in number of adverse events and deaths ( to 28 days after discharge ) in the two groups was found ( although numbers were small ) . and carer satisfaction was significantly higher in the HIH group . treatment appears to provide a safe alternative to hospitalisation for selected patients , and may be preferable for some older patients . found high levels of both patient and carer satisfaction with home treatment ."
1594,Abstract #1594,"determine the effects of 2 artificial tear formulas on the ocular surface in patients with glaucoma using topical preserved beta-blockers ( BB ) or prostaglandins ( PG ) . was a prospective , comparative , randomized , double-blind study with a crossover design . patients with dry eye were divided into 2 groups based on glaucoma treatment : BB ( 10 subjects ) or PG ( 10 subjects ) . group was administered a 4-week course of unpreserved isotonic ( 300 mOsm/L ) solution containing 0.2 % sodium hyaluronate ( SH ) or a preserved isotonic ( 295-305 mOsm/L ) solution containing 0.5 % carboxymethylcellulose and 0.9 % glycerin as compatible solute ( CMCs ) administered QID . a 2-week washout period , the course of treatment was reversed . primary efficacy criteria consisted of assessing symptoms according to the Ocular Surface Disease Index ( OSDI ) ; the secondary efficacy criteria consisted of evaluating tear film confocal microscopy , central corneal thickness ( CCT ) , and lissamine corneal and conjunctival staining ( Oxford Grading System Score [ OGSS ] ) . each group , only CMCs induced a significant improvement in OSDI and OGSS compared to baseline values : OSDI -20.5 , p < 0.0001 ; OGSS -0.9 , p < 0.0001 . film confocal microscopy improved after treatment , especially in case of patients who were administered CMCs . difference in CCT was noticed for any subject . study demonstrates for the first time that the use of concomitant CMCs in the management of glaucoma undergoing treatment with BB or PG may assist in tear film production and could lead to better compliance with intraocular pressure-lowering medication and ultimately better prognosis ."
1595,Abstract #1595,"compare an interventional protocol with a standard protocol for preventing the acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) . , randomized , controlled , parallel-group , nonblinded clinical trial . ICUs of 2 French university hospitals . hundred adults with an expected length of stay in the ICU greater than 48 hours . the intervention group , the protocol required repeated MRSA screening , contact and droplet isolation precautions for patients at risk for MRSA at ICU admission and for MRSA-positive patients , and decontamination with nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine body wash for MRSA-positive patients . the standard group , the standard precautions protocol was used , and the results of repeated MRSA screening in the standard group were not communicated to investigators . acquisition rate in the ICU . audit was conducted to assess compliance with hygiene and isolation precautions . the intent-to-treat analysis ( [ Formula : see text ] ) , the MRSA acquisition rate in the ICU was similar in the standard ( 13 [ 5.3 % ] of 243 ) and intervention ( 16 [ 6.5 % ] of 245 ) groups ( [ Formula : see text ] ) . audit showed that the overall compliance rate was 85.5 % in the standard group and 84.1 % in the intervention group ( [ Formula : see text ] ) , although compliance was higher when isolation precautions were absent than when they were in place ( 88.2 % vs 79.1 % ; [ Formula : see text ] ) . incidence rates were higher without isolation precautions ( 7.57 ) than with isolation precautions ( 2.36 ; [ Formula : see text ] ) . allocation to MRSA screening , isolation precautions , and decontamination do not provide individual benefit in reducing MRSA acquisition , compared with standard precautions , although the collective risk was lower during the periods of isolation . identifier : NCT00151606 ."
1596,Abstract #1596,"evaluate the effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on six minute walking distance and quality of life in very old patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction . , double blind placebo controlled trial . for the elderly day hospital . patients ( average age 81 ) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction identified by echocardiography . weeks of treatment with titrated doses of perindopril or placebo . minute walking distance 10 weeks following treatment , quality of life measurements including the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire and the 36 item short form health survey . patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction , six minute walking distance was significantly increased in the treatment group ( 37.1 m ) compared with the placebo group ( -0.3 m , p < 0.001 ) . medication was well tolerated and there were no significant adverse events . minute walking distance is improved considerably by treatment with perindopril in older patients with heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction ."
1597,Abstract #1597,"depression is highly prevalent in the general population and causes great loss to society especially in the form of reduced productivity while at work ( presenteeism ) . developed a highly-structured manualized eight-session cognitive-behavioral program with a focus on subthreshold depression in the workplace and to be administered via telephone by trained psychotherapists ( tCBT ) . conducted a parallel-group , non-blinded randomized controlled trial of tCBT in addition to the pre-existing Employee Assistance Program ( EAP ) versus EAP alone among workers with subthreshold depression at a large manufacturing company in Japan . primary outcomes were depression severity as measured with Beck Depression Inventory-II ( BDI-II ) and presenteeism as measured with World Health Organization Health and Work Productivity Questionnaire ( HPQ ) . the course of the trial the follow-up period was shortened in order to increase acceptability of the study . planned sample size was 108 per arm but the trial was stopped early due to low accrual . 118 subjects were randomized to tCBT + EAP ( n = 58 ) and to EAP alone ( n = 60 ) . BDI-II scores fell from the mean of 17.3 at baseline to 11.0 in the intervention group and to 15.7 in the control group after 4 months ( p < 0.001 , Effect size = 0.69 , 95 % CI : 0.32 to 1.05 ) . , there was no statistically significant decrease in absolute and relative presenteeism ( p = 0.44 , ES = 0.15 , -0.21 to 0.52 , and p = 0.50 , ES = 0.02 , -0.34 to 0.39 , respectively ) . CBT , including tCBT , may provide easy access to quality-assured effective psychotherapy for people in the work force who present with subthreshold depression . studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach in longer terms . study was funded by Sekisui Chemicals Co. Ltd. . NCT00885014 ."
1598,Abstract #1598,"evaluate the efficacy of topical atomized 4 % lidocaine in reducing the pain associated with nasogastric tube ( NGT ) placement . prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in the emergency department of a university teaching hospital . participants were alert , hemodynamically stable adult patients requiring NGT placement for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes . 4 % lidocaine or normal saline solution was administered in the nasopharynx and oropharynx before NGT placement . patients also received topical 2 % lidocaine jelly intranasally after atomization . pain of NGT placement was measured using a standard 100-mm visual analog scale . total of 40 patients were enrolled in the study , with 20 in the lidocaine group and 20 in the placebo group . pain scores were 37.4 mm ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 25.4 to 49.4 ) for atomized lidocaine and 64.5 mm ( 95 % CI 51.8 to 77.1 ) for placebo with a mean difference of 27.1 mm ( 95 % CI 14.8 to 39.4 ) , achieving both clinical and statistical significance . nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal 4 % lidocaine results in clinically and statistically significant reductions in pain during NGT placement ."
1599,Abstract #1599,"the introduction of newer dental porcelains , there exists the need to evaluate different porcelain polishing systems available on the market . purpose of this study was to compare the surface roughness produced by 3 different porcelain polishing systems on an ultra-low fusing porcelain . ultra-low fusing porcelain ( Finesse ) discs ( 10 x 2 mm ) were fabricated and randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 21 ) . sides of each disc were abraded with a medium-grit diamond bur . side was autoglazed and was considered a control . other side was polished until the surface appeared shiny to the naked eye using 1 of 3 porcelain polishing kits ( Axis Dental , Jelenko , and Brasseler systems ) . surface of each disc was evaluated quantitatively with surface profilometry and qualitatively using scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) . mean roughness profile ( Ra ) value was determined for each side of each specimen to describe the overall roughness of the surface . Ra mean difference for each specimen was determined by subtracting the mean experimental readings ( polished surface ) from the mean control readings ( glazed surface ) and was used for the statistical analysis . data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by a Tukey multiple comparison test ( alpha = .05 ) . specimens from each group were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy . Axis porcelain polishing system produced a smoother surface than the Brasseler or Jelenko systems ( 0.586 + / - 0.256 , 0.306 + / - 0.238 , and 0.277 + / - 0.230 , respectively ) . significant difference was found between the Jelenko and Brasseler porcelain polishing kits ( F = 10.6 , P < .001 ) . images obtained through SEM were evaluated and found to be consistent with the profilometer readings . the limitations of this study , all 3 porcelain polishing systems produced a surface smoother than the autoglazed surface of Finesse . Axis system provided a significantly smoother surface compared to the Brasseler and Jelenko polishing systems ."
1600,Abstract #1600,"radiation coloproctopathy ( CRCP ) is a well-recognized complication of radiotherapy , with rectal bleeding the most common presentation . is frequently refractory to conservative management , but the optimal endoscopic treatment of bleeding secondary to CRCP is still controversial . efficacy and safety of bipolar eletrocoagulation ( BEC ) and argon plasma coagulation ( APC ) in the management of bleeding from CRCP were evaluated and compared . patients ( mean age 67.4 years ) with active and chronic bleeding from telangiectasias , were randomly allocated to BEC or APC and stratified by severity of CRCP according to clinical severity and endoscopic findings ( Saunders score ) . was defined as eradication of all telangiectasias , and therapeutic failure as need for more than seven sessions or for other treatment . were categorized as minor ( e.g. fever , anal or abdominal pain ) or major ( hemorrhagic ) . treatments were equally effective for the treatment of CRCP rectal bleeding . one failure was observed in each group ( P = 1.000 ) . was no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of sessions , minor or major complications , or relapse . , overall complication rate was significantly higher in the BEC group ( P = 0.003 ) . and APC are both effective for the therapy of bleeding telangiectasias from CRCP . are probably no major differences between them . APC seemed safer than BEC in this investigation , further studies , involving a much larger population , are needed to assess the complication rates and determine the best management option ."
1601,Abstract #1601,"is an increasingly common comorbidity in critically ill patients . obesity alters sepsis outcome , susceptibility , treatment , and response is not completely understood . conducted a retrospective analysis comparing three group of septic shock patients based on the intervals of actual body mass index ( BMI ) in patients enrolled in the VASST ( Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial ) cohort . outcome measurement was 28-day mortality . tested for differences in patterns of infection by comparing the primary site of infection and organism . also compared the treatments ( fluids and vasopressors ) and inflammatory response , measuring adipose tissue-related cytokine concentrations ( interleukin [ IL ] -6 , monocyte chemotactic protein [ MCP ] -1 , tumor necrosis factor [ TNF ] - , and resistin ) in plasma in a subset of 382 patients . the 778 patients in VASST , 730 patients who had body weight and height measurements were analyzed . with BMI < 25 kg/m2 ( n = 276 ) were grouped as a reference and compared to ` overweight ' ( 25 < BMI < 30 kg/m2 , n = 209 ) and ` obese ' ( BMI > 30 kg/m2 , n = 245 ) patients . patients had the lowest 28-day mortality followed by overweight patients while patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 had the highest mortality ( p = 0.02 ) . to the patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 , obese and overweight patients also had a different pattern of infection with less lung ( obese 35 % , overweight 45 % , BMI < 25 kg/m2 50 % , p = 0.003 ) and fungal infection ( obese 8.2 % , overweight 11 % , and BMI < 25 kg/m2 15.6 % , p = 0.03 ) . kilogram , obese and overweight patients received less fluid during the first four days ( p < 0.05 ) and received less norepinephrine ( obese 0.14 , overweight 0.21 , BMI < 25 kg/m2 0.26 g/kg/min , p < 0.0001 ) and vasopressin ( obese 0.28 , overweight 0.36 , BMI < 25 kg/m2 0.43 U/kg/min , p < 0.0001 ) on day 1 compared to patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 . and overweight patients also had a lower plasma IL-6 concentration at baseline ( obese 106 [ IQR 34-686 ] , overweight 190 [ IQR 44-2339 ] , BMI < 25 kg/m2 235 [ IQR 44-1793 ] pg/mL , p = 0.046 ) . obesity was associated with improved survival in septic shock and differences in pattern of infection , fluids , and vasopressors . , the magnitude of inflammatory IL-6 response is muted in the obese ."
1602,Abstract #1602,"aim of this study was to assess whether amifostine could minimize acute mucositis induced by a very accelerated irradiation regimen in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( HNSCC ) . May 1996 and February 1998 , 26 patients with an inoperable nonmetastatic Stage IV HNSCC were entered in this study . treatment consisted of very accelerated radiotherapy given 64 Gy in 3.5 weeks . patients were randomized to receive or not 150 mg/m ( 2 ) , amifostine ( Ethyol , U.S. Bioscience ) 15-30 min prior to each radiation session . the 13 patients who received amifostine , definitive interruption of amifostine occurred in 5 cases ( 38 % ) , due to tolerance problems ( vomiting , liver enzyme elevation , generalized erythema ) . distribution of Grade 4 mucositis ( WHO ) was 1 case versus 8 cases , with and without amifostine , respectively . mean duration of `` at least Grade 3 '' mucositis ( WHO ) was 25.1 days versus 49.2 days with and without amifostine ( p = 0.03 ) . the amifostine group , 11/13 of the patients required a feeding tube ( nasogastric tube or medical gastrostomy ) , because of acute mucositis , whereas in the control group a feeding tube was necessary in all cases . mean duration of the use of this feeding tube was 1 month versus 2.5 months with and without amifostine respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . control was not different between both arms with a median follow-up of 15 months . the limited number of patients , this pilot randomized study suggests that amifostine was able to markedly reduce the severity and duration of mucositis induced by very accelerated radiotherapy . , the tolerance of this twice daily amifostine schedule was relatively poor ."
1603,Abstract #1603,"obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is characterised by an abnormal inflammatory response mainly to cigarette smoke that flares up during exacerbations of the disease ( ECOPD ) . activity of histone deacetylases ( HDAC ) contributes to enhanced inflammation in stable COPD . was hypothesised that HDAC activity is further reduced during ECOPD and that theophylline , an HDAC activator , potentiates the anti-inflammatory effect of steroids in these patients . study was performed to investigate HDAC activity during ECOPD and the effects of theophylline on the anti-inflammatory effects of steroids in a randomised single-blind controlled study . patients hospitalised with ECOPD and treated according to international guidelines ( including systemic steroids ) were randomised to receive or not to receive low-dose oral theophylline ( 100 mg twice daily ) . treatment and 3 months after discharge , HDAC and nuclear factor-kappaB ( NF-kappaB ) activity in sputum macrophages , the concentration of nitric oxide in exhaled air ( eNO ) and total antioxidant status ( TAS ) , tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNFalpha ) , interleukin ( IL ) -6 and IL8 levels in sputum supernatants were measured . receiving standard therapy showed decreased NF-kappaB activity , eNO concentration and sputum levels of TNFalpha , IL6 and IL8 , as well as increased TAS during recovery of ECOPD , but HDAC activity did not change . addition of low-dose theophylline increased HDAC activity and further reduced IL8 and TNFalpha concentrations . ECOPD , low-dose theophylline increases HDAC activity and improves the anti-inflammatory effects of steroids . ."
1604,Abstract #1604,"reporting estimated GFR ( eGFR ) , use of evidence-based interventions in CKD remains suboptimal . study sought to determine the effect of an enhanced eGFR laboratory prompt containing specific management recommendations , compared with standard eGFR reporting in CKD . cluster randomized trial of a standard or enhanced eGFR laboratory prompt was performed in 93 primary care practices in Alberta , Canada . all adult patients with CKD ( eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m ( 2 ) ) were included , medication data were only available for elderly patients ( aged 66 years ) . primary outcome , the proportion of patients with diabetes or proteinuria receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACEi ) or angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB ) , was assessed in elderly CKD patients . were 5444 elderly CKD patients with diabetes or proteinuria who were eligible for primary outcome assessment , irrespective of baseline ACEi/ARB use . use in the subsequent year was 77.1 % and 76.9 % in the standard and enhanced prompt groups , respectively . the subgroup of elderly patients with an eGFR < 30 ml/min per 1.73 m ( 2 ) , ACEi/ARB use was higher in the enhanced prompt group . 22,092 CKD patients , there was no difference in the likelihood of a composite clinical outcome ( death , ESRD , doubling of serum creatinine , or hospitalization for myocardial infarction , heart failure , or stroke ) over a median of 2.1 years . elderly patients with CKD and an indication for ACEi/ARB , an enhanced laboratory prompt did not increase use of these medications ."
1605,Abstract #1605,"assess the efficacy of Xianlong Capsule ( XLC ) in treating the senile vascular dementia ( VD ) . cases of VD were randomly divided into two groups . XLC group ( 24 patients ) were treated with XLC and the control group ( 22 patients ) were treated with Hydergine . state examination ( MMSE ) , Hamilton depression scale ( HDS ) marks and clinical symptoms were observed in different groups . could markedly increase MMSE and HDS marks of VD patients . had the effect of improving balance and gait ability of VD patients . had certain effect on VD and its effect was better than that of Hydergine ."
1606,Abstract #1606,", a highly cardioselective beta ( 1 ) - blocker , is widely used to treat elderly patients with hypertension , coronary artery disease and heart failure . current literature lacks evidence regarding its potency to prevent atrial fibrillation ( AF ) following cardiac surgery . the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bisoprolol plus magnesium ( Mg ) in the prophylaxis of AF after coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery . total of 100 consecutive patients subjected to elective on-pump CABG ( 84 men , age 65 + / - 8 [ SD ] years ) , with no prior AF history , were randomly assigned to the prophylaxis group ( n = 50 ) receiving after surgery bisoprolol ( 5 mg/day ) plus Mg ( intravenous infusion of 2 g of Mg on arrival in the intensive care unit , followed by oral Mg at 1800 mg/day for 1 week ) , or to the control group ( n = 50 ) , receiving no combined study medication but remaining on their preoperative drugs , including beta-blockers . patients were continuously monitored to identify the onset of AF . the prophylaxis group the incidence of postoperative AF was significantly lower , with 20 % ( 10 / 50 ) compared to 42 % ( 21 / 50 ) among controls ( p = 0.030 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] for absolute risk reduction [ ARR ] , 2-42 % ) . in the elderly , bisoprolol plus Mg was effective in preventing AF ; in the prophylaxis group only six of 36 ( 17 % ) patients > or = 65 years of age developed AF , compared to 13 of 20 ( 65 % ) in the control group ( p < 0.001 , 95 % CI for ARR , 17-65 % ) . was associated with significantly ( p = 0.022 ) shorter hospital stays in the prophylaxis group ( median of 7 vs. 9 days , 95 % CI for difference in medians , 0-3 days ) . combination of bisoprolol plus Mg effectively reduces the incidence of postoperative AF following on-pump CABG , particularly in elderly patients , and is associated with a shorter hospital length of stay ."
1607,Abstract #1607,"investigate the effect of early intervention by pravastatin with two different dosage on inflammatory factors and endothelial vasodilator function in patients with unstable angina ( UA ) . patients with UA were investigated consecutively and divided randomly into three groups ( group 20 mg , n = 37 ; group 10 mg , n = 37 ; group control , n = 34 ) . samples were examined at admission and 4 , 8 weeks after the therapy of pravastatin . patients of UA were chosen from those three groups ( 15 , 15 and 10 cases respectively ) . endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the function of vascular endothelium of them were measured . the dosage of 20 mg pravastatin group non-endothelium-dependent vasodilation in brachial artery was also tested by ultrasound before and 8 weeks after the therapy . events were followed up for 2 months . 1 ) The use of pravastatin in early admission period of UA could significantly reduce inflammatory factors and improve vascular endothelium function , which was more obviously in the group of 20 mg/d than in group of 10 mg/d . benefits occurred in 4th week and more obviously in 8th week after the therapy . 2 ) The lipid lowering therapy in the early stage of admission ( 24 - 48 h ) resulted in the reduction of cardiac events in the hospital . use of pravastatin 20 mg/d seems better than that of 10 mg/d in all the fields as above in early admission period of UA patients ."
1608,Abstract #1608,"determine the behavioral , situational , and temporal effects of 4 months of methylphenidate ( MPH ) treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . children with ADHD were randomly assigned to receive either MPH ( titrated to a target dose of 0.7 mg/kg twice a day ) or a placebo . effects were investigated with measures sensitive to various behaviors ( core and associated symptoms ) , situations ( home and school ) , time periods ( morning and afternoon , after reaching the target dose , and after 4 months of treatment ) , and side effects . treatment improved symptoms of ADHD and oppositional behavior at school , both in the morning and afternoon , but not at home . effects ( increase in physiological and effective symptoms , lack of weight gain ) were significantly more frequent with MPH than with placebo treatment . was evident after titration , but the onset of some side effects was delayed . effects were reported by parents but not by teachers . effects of MPH on behavior are evident in the classroom , but with MPH given twice daily , parents do not report that MPH improves behavior at home . impact on home behavior may require three times daily MPH and combined treatments ."
1609,Abstract #1609,"explore the possible mechanisms for improving lower extremity motor function in patients with early stroke through combining magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging ( DTI ) technology and functional electrical stimulation ( FES ) based on human walking patterns . August 2012 to September 2013 , a total of 48 eligible patients were stratified according to age , gender , disease course , Brunnstrom staging and types of stroke . the Minimize software was used to divided them randomly into four-channel FES group ( n = 18 ) , dual-channel FES group ( n = 15 ) and comfort stimulation group ( n = 15 ) . all three groups , general medication and standard rehabilitation were provided . on normal walking pattern design of FES treatment , four-channel FES groups received the stimulations of quadriceps , hamstring , anterior tibialis and medial gastrocnemius . the dual-channel FES group , the stimulations of tibialis anterior , peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles were applied . comfort electrical stimulation group , the electrode positions were identical to the stimulation group , but there was no current output during stimulation . and after 3-week treatment , three groups received weekly rehabilitation evaluations of Fugl-Meyer assessment ( FMA ) , posture assessment of stroke scale ( PASS ) , Brunel balance assessment ( BBA ) , Berg balance scale ( BBS ) and modified Barthel index ( MBI ) . and after treatment , DTI examination was performed for some patients . three groups , general patient profiles and pre-treatment evaluations showed no significant difference . intra-group comparisons versus pre-treatment , at week 1 , 2 and 3 , the scores of PASS , BBA , BBS , FMA and MBI had statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05 ) ; At week 3 post-treatment , when four-channel and double-channel FES groups were compared versus pre-treatment , the scores of ipsilateral FA had statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05 ) . week 1 post-treatment , MBI had statistically significant difference among 3 groups ( P = 0.037 ) . compared with placebo , four-channel group had statistically significant difference [ ( 52 12 ) vs ( 38 18 ) , P < 0.05 ] ; At week 2 post-treatment , the scores of PASS and MBI were ( 29 3 , 73 13 ) in four-channel FES group versus ( 24 8 , 60 17 ) in dual-channel FES group . the scores of PASS , BBA , BBS , FMA and MBI were ( 9 3 , 8.3 2.4 , 37 7 , 22 5 , 73 13 ) in four-channel FES group versus ( 21 7 , 6.2 3.1 , 24 16 , 15 8 , 47 20 ) in comfort electrical stimulation group . dual-channel FES and comfort stimulation groups were compared , MBI had significant statistical difference [ ( 60 17 ) vs ( 47 20 ) , P < 0.05 ] . week 3 post-treatment , four-channel and dual-channel FES groups were compared , there was also statistical significance in FMA [ ( 25 5 ) vs ( 20 7 ) , P = 0.055 ] . scores of PASS , BBS , FMA and MBI were ( 31 3 , 43 8 , 25 5 , 81 13 ) in four-channel FES group versus ( 25 8 , 29 17 , 17 9 , 54 25 ) in comfort stimulation group respectively . dual-channel FES and comfort stimulation groups were compared , the scores of MBI were ( 71 15 ) and ( 54 25 ) respectively . the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) . week 3 post-treatment , the scores of FA significantly increased [ four-channel FES group ( 0.321 0.172 ) vs comfort stimulation group ( 0.217 0.135 ) ( P = 0.020 ) ] . dual-channel FES group ( 0.333 0.164 ) and comfort stimulation group ( 0.217 0.135 ) ( P = 0.049 ) were compared , the differences were statistically significant . showed that four-channel FES group increased significantly , but contralateral fiber bundle was not obvious . the improvements of dual-channel FES and comfort stimulation groups were insignificant . with traditional dual-channel FES , functional electrical stimulation based on human walking patterns is more efficacious . it helps to restore brain structure and function and promote motor function recovery in patients with early stroke ."
1610,Abstract #1610,"studies have suggested that bifocal and progressive spectacles can reduce progression of myopia in esophoric children . study compared myopic progression with bifocal ( BSCL ) and single vision soft contact lenses ( SVSCL ) in identical twins with near point esophoria . 12-year-old myopic girls were randomly assigned to wear either BSCL or SVSCL for one year using a double-masked design . twins then wore BSCLs for another year . measurements included cycloplegic and manifest refractions , corneal curvature and axial length . and near phorias were measured through distance corrections and near associated phorias , with both types of contact lenses . their SVSCLs , both children exhibited near associated esophorias , which were neutralised by the BSCLs . child wearing SVSCLs over the first year showed significant myopic progression , increasing -1.19 D ( binocular average ) , while the child wearing BSCLs showed no progression ( +0.13 D ) . latter child showed limited progression ( -0.28 D ) over the second year , while switching from SVSCLs to BSCLs arrested progression in the other child ( +0.44 D after one year ) . length data were consistent with the refractive findings ; the child exhibiting more myopia at the end of the first 12 months of the study had longer eyes ( by 0.64 mm ) than her sister , although their corneas also had steepened more ( by 0.44 D compared to 0.18 D ) . children showed minimal changes [ corrected ] in eye size over the second year when both wore BSCLs ( binocular averages : -0.05 , -0.09 [ corrected ] mm , respectively ) . apparent inhibitory effect of BSCLs on myopic progression reported in this twin study argues for further study of their efficacy as a control treatment for myopes with near esophoria ."
1611,Abstract #1611,"percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) -- simultaneous administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and reduced-dose fibrinolytics before primary PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) -- may be a promising reperfusion strategy . ADVANCE MI trial was intended to evaluate facilitated PCI in 5640 STEMI patients but was prematurely terminated as a result of slow recruitment over 12 months at 30 centers in the United States . with STEMI with planned primary PCI were randomly assigned to receive eptifibatide + 50 % of standard-dose tenecteplase ( which equated to 0.25 mg/kg intravenous bolus ) or eptifibatide + placebo before PCI and randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin . total of 148 patients were randomized ( 74 patients in each treatment arm ) and formed the `` as-randomized '' intention-to-treat population . , only 69 patients actually received eptifibatide + tenecteplase , and 77 actually received eptifibatide + placebo ( 2 patients did not receive eptifibatide and 4 patients randomized to tenecteplase did not receive this therapy ) -- these 146 patients formed the `` as-treated '' population . both populations , epicardial infarct artery patency and myocardial tissue perfusion on pre-PCI angiography were improved in the tenecteplase group , but ST-segment resolution at 60 minutes was similar . frequency of the primary end point of death or new/worsening severe heart failure at 30 days was higher among patients treated with eptifibatide + tenecteplase in the `` as-treated '' ( 10 % vs 3 % , P = .09 ) and the `` as-randomized '' ( 11 % vs 1 % , P = .02 ) populations . complications were 2-fold higher with eptifibatide + tenecteplase . of the results by treatment with unfractionated heparin versus enoxaparin demonstrated similar findings . definitive conclusions can not be made as a result of the small sample size and premature study termination , facilitated PCI with eptifibatide + reduced-dose tenecteplase was associated with improved angiographic flow patterns , increases in adverse clinical outcomes , and higher bleeding rates compared with eptifibatide + placebo administered before primary PCI for STEMI ."
1612,Abstract #1612,"evaluate the safety profile of long-term belimumab therapy combined with standard therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) in patients with active disease . who were randomized to receive intravenous placebo or belimumab 1 , 4 , or 10 mg/kg , plus standard therapy , and completed the initial 52-week double-blind treatment period were then allowed to enter a 24-week open-label extension phase . the extension period , patients in the belimumab group either received the same dose or were switched to 10 mg/kg and patients in the placebo group were switched to belimumab 10 mg/kg . who achieved a satisfactory response during the 24-week extension period were allowed to participate in the long-term continuation study of monthly belimumab 10 mg/kg . events ( AEs ) and abnormal laboratory results were analyzed per 100 patient-years in 1-year intervals . the 364 patients who completed the 52-week double-blind treatment period , 345 entered the 24-week extension , and 296 continued treatment with belimumab in the long-term continuation study . data through 4 years of belimumab exposure ( 1,165 cumulative patient-years ) are reported . rates of AEs , severe/serious AEs , infusion reactions , infections , malignancies , grades 3/4 laboratory abnormalities , and discontinuations due to AEs were stable or declined during 4-year belimumab exposure . most common AEs included arthralgia , upper respiratory tract infection , headache , fatigue , and nausea . infusion reactions were rare : only 1 occurred during the 4-year followup period . of serious infection decreased from 5.9 / 100 patient-years to 3.4 / 100 patient-years , and no specific type of infection predominated . added to standard therapy was generally well-tolerated over the 4-year treatment period in patients with SLE , which suggests that belimumab can be administered long term with an acceptable safety profile ."
1613,Abstract #1613,"of the few extant reports concerning the clinical significance of so-called `` occult micrometastases '' of lymph nodes of patients with Dukes A and B colorectal cancer have been variable . examined the presumably negative nodes of a larger cohort of such patients who were enrolled in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project clinical trials R-01 and C-01 for the influence of what we preferably designate as nodal mini micrometastases on parameters of survival . micrometastases were detected by immunohistochemical staining of the original lymph node sections with anticytokeratin A1/A3 in a total of 241 Dukes A and B patients with rectal and 158 with colonic cancers . frequency , as well as that of nuclear and histologic grades , and an estimation of their relationship to relative risks were correlated with overall and recurrence-free survival by univariate and multivariate analyses . mini micrometastases were detected in 73 of 399 ( 18.3 percent ) patients of this cohort . failed to exhibit any significant relationship to overall or recurrence-free survival . association between the assessments of tumor differentiation and mini micrometastases was found . and histologic grades also failed to further discriminate overall or recurrence-free survival in patients with A or B stages of colonic or rectal cancers in this cohort . immunohistochemical demonstration of nodal mini micrometastases failed to discriminate high - and low-risk groups of patients with colorectal cancer who were designated as being node-negative after routine pathologic examination ."
1614,Abstract #1614,"1984 , the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group began a randomized controlled clinical trial of patients with advanced ( stage III or IV ) diffuse mixed or diffuse large-cell lymphoma to determine whether complete-remission rates , survival , and toxicity differed when patients were treated with a chemotherapeutic regimen containing cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , and prednisone ( CHOP ) , as compared with a regimen containing bleomycin , doxorubicin , cyclophosphamide , vincristine , dexamethasone , methotrexate , and leucovorin ( m-BACOD ) . July 1984 through January 1988 , 392 patients were enrolled , 325 of whom ( 83 percent ) were eligible for the analysis and capable of being evaluated . extent of disease was defined according to standard staging techniques , including bilateral bone-core biopsies in 88 percent of patients . was stratified according to age ( < 60 or > or = 60 years ) , performance status ( 0 , 1 , or other ) , stage ( III or IV ) , and histologic presentation ( diffuse mixed or diffuse large-cell lymphoma ) . a median follow-up of four years , there were no significant differences in rates of complete remission , time to treatment failure , disease-free survival , or overall survival in the patients treated with CHOP as compared with those treated with m-BACOD . , there was more severe and life-threatening pulmonary , infectious , and hematologic toxicity associated with the m-BACOD regimen . an attempt to measure the importance of dose intensity in the 325 patients who could be analyzed , we retrospectively calculated dose intensity ( measured in milligrams per square meter of body-surface area per week ) and normalized dose intensity ( defined as a percentage of the prescribed dose ) for all drugs . median normalized dose intensity for both cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin was found to be greater in the patients treated with CHOP than in those treated with m-BACOD . patients with stage III or IV diffuse mixed or diffuse large-cell lymphoma , CHOP is superior to m-BACOD , but the role of dose intensity is not yet clear ."
1615,Abstract #1615,"women tend to have small and dense breasts and ultrasound is a common method for breast cancer screening in China . , its efficacy and cost comparing with mammography has not been evaluated in randomised trials . 14 breast centres across China during 2008-2010 , 13339 high-risk women aged 30-65 years were randomised to be screened by mammography alone , ultrasound alone , or by both methods at enrollment and 1-year follow-up . total of 12519 and 8692 women underwent the initial and second screenings , respectively . the 30 cancers ( of which 15 were stage 0/I ) detected , 5 ( 0.72 / 1000 ) were in the mammography group , 11 ( 1.51 / 1000 ) in the ultrasound group , and 14 ( 2.02 / 1000 ) in the combined group ( P = 0.12 ) . the combined group , ultrasound detected all the 14 cancers , whereas mammography detected 8 , making ultrasound more sensitive ( 100 vs 57.1 % , P = 0.04 ) with a better diagnostic accuracy ( 0.999 vs 0.766 , P = 0.01 ) . was no difference between mammography and ultrasound in specificity ( 100 vs 99.9 % , P = 0.51 ) and positive predictive value ( 72.7 vs 70.0 % ; P = 0.87 ) . detect one cancer , the costs of ultrasound , mammography , and combined modality were $ 7876 , $ 45253 , and $ 21599 , respectively . is superior to mammography for breast cancer screening in high-risk Chinese women ."
1616,Abstract #1616,"purpose of this study was to identify the common time point to achieve hydroxylation index ( HI : omeprazole plasma concentration/5-hydroxyomeprazole plasma concentration ) reflecting AUCOPZ/AUC5OH-OPZ after intravenous ( IV ) and oral ( PO ) administration . young and 28 elderly healthy subjects , including different CYP2C19 genotypes , were enrolled in the study . young subjects received either 40 mg PO or 20 mg IV omeprazole , whereas the elderly subjects received 10 mg IV . relation between AUCOPZ/AUC5OH-OPZ and HI was determined by Spearman 's rank correlation . stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to identify the common time point to calculate HI that reflects AUCOPZ/AUC5OH-OPZ after IV . the correlation between HI and AUCOPZ/AUC5OH-OPZ IV at observed time points , HI3h showed the highest correlation coefficients ( r = 0.894 , p < 0.001 ) in all 48 subjects . correlation of HI between IV and PO at observed time points showed that HI3h was highest ( r = 0.916 , p < 0.001 ) in 20 young subjects . , there was no significant difference between HI ( 3h ) of IV and that of PO ( 12.9 + / - 15.9 and 12.9 + / - 15.1 , p = 0.997 ) . regression equation of HI3h was the best to estimate AUCOPZ/AUC5OH-OPZ ( AUCOPZ/AUC5OH-OPZ = 1.37 * HI3h + 0.18 * Age - 7.83 , r2 = 0.883 , p < 0.001 ) . study demonstrated that HI3h after omeprazole IV was able to estimate AUCOPZ/AUC5OH-OPZ , as well as HI3h after PO . , CYP2C19 activity can be estimated more definitely by using HI after omeprazole IV without intestinal absorption ."
1617,Abstract #1617,"remains an issue surrounding the introduction of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy ( LDN ) . a randomized controlled trial the cost-effectiveness of LDN versus mini-incision open donor nephrectomy ( ODN ) was determined . donors were included in each group . in-hospital costs were documented . , case record forms were sent to the donors during 1-year follow-up to record return-to-work and societal costs . offset costs against quality of life , the Euroqol-5D questionnaire was administered preoperatively and 3 , 7 , 14 , 28 , 90 , 180 , and 365 days postoperatively . total costs were euro6 ,090 ( US$ 7,308 ) after LDN and euro4 ,818 ( $ 5,782 ) after ODN ( P < 0.001 ) . influenced the cost difference most . productivity loss was 68 and 75 days after LDN and ODN respectively , corresponding to euro783 ( $ 940 ) gained per donor after LDN . main gain in quality of life in the LDN group was realized within 4 weeks postoperatively . resulted in a mean gain of 0.03 quality-adjusted life years at mean costs of euro1 ,271 ( $ 1,525 ) and euro488 ( $ 586 ) from a healthcare perspective and a societal perspective , respectively . implies that one additional Quality-Adjusted Life Year after LDN costs about euro16 ,000 ( $ 19,200 ) from a societal point of view and about euro41 ,000 ( $ 49,200 ) from a health-care perspective . other than work were resumed significantly earlier after LDN ( 66 vs. 91 days , P = 0.01 ) . addition to a clinically relevant donor-experienced benefit from LDN , this technique appeared , given a societal perspective , a cost-efficient procedure mainly due to less productivity losses ."
1618,Abstract #1618,"patients have more severe periodontal destruction , but periodontal therapy can improve metabolic control . , interest has focused on the use of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline ( SDD ) as a treatment paradigm . , this study was undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy of SDD with scaling and root planning ( SRP ) in chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes . chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated to either a test and a control group . measurements were recorded at baseline and at six months for probing pocket depth ( PPD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , and gingival recession ( GR ) . SRP , patients in the test group were instructed to take SDD 20-mg capsules twice a day while patients in the control group took a placebo twice a day . groups were on this regimen for a six-month period . greater reduction in mean PPD was demonstrated in patients in the test group compared to the control group . mean CAL increase observed in the test group was significantly greater ( 0.67 mm ) than that in the control group . can be concluded that SRP , in conjunction with the SDD therapy described , is more effective then SRP alone in terms of CAL gain and PPD reduction in diabetic patients with severe periodontal disease . the widespread prevalence of both chronic periodontitis and diabetes , the proposed treatment approach will prove to be of great value and contribute significantly to the overall health of the patients ."
1619,Abstract #1619,"single-center , randomized trial compares the hemostatic effectiveness of microfibrillar collagen and oxidized cellulose in arterial bypass surgery . patients undergoing arterial bypass surgery , 2 hemostats , microfibrillar collagen and oxidized cellulose , were randomly used to achieve hemostasis . primary endpoint was the time to hemostasis . secondary endpoints were the complication rate , mortality , number of hemostats required , handling , and adhesion . achieved hemostasis significantly faster than cellulose , with considerably less hemostats . addition , its ease of use was rated substantially better . arterial bypass surgery , microfibrillar collagen is more effective than oxidized cellulose in achieving hemostasis ."
1620,Abstract #1620,"goal of this paper was to examine the relationship between history of substance use disorder ( SUD ) and self-reported prescription medication misuse in 127 primary care patients who receive opioid medications for treatment of chronic pain . completed measures of pain location , pain intensity , disability due to pain , and misuse of prescription medications . measures included demographic characteristics , psychiatric symptomatology and quality of life . percent of participants reported at least one indicator of medication misuse in the prior year . adjusting for age and clinical factors ( pain severity , depression severity , current alcohol or substance use disorder ) , participants with SUD history were significantly more likely than participants without SUD history to report borrowing pain medications from others ( OR = 6.62 , 95 % CI = 1.4-30 .7 ) and requesting an early refill of pain medication ( OR = 3.86 , 95 % CI = 1.5-9 .6 ) . of prescription medications is a concern among primary care patients with chronic pain . with a lifetime history of SUD are more likely to endorse some aberrant medication-related behaviors . with SUD histories should be carefully evaluated for medication misuse potential and may require more intense assessment and follow-up ."
1621,Abstract #1621,"were compared in patients in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes ( BARI 2D ) trial of 2 mechanistically different strategies for treatment of hyperglycemia , insulin-sensitizing and insulin-providing strategies , on biomarker profiles reflecting the balance between fibrinolysis and thrombosis and the intensity of inflammation implicated in diabetic vasculopathy . total of 2368 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and clinically stable , angiographically documented coronary artery disease were randomized to treatment with 1 of the 2 strategies and followed for an average of 5 years . activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and activity , tissue plasminogen activator antigen , fibrinogen , D-dimer , C-reactive protein , insulin , and hemoglobin A ( 1c ) were assayed in blood samples acquired at baseline and at 12 regular intervals throughout the follow-up interval . baseline D-dimer , fibrinogen , and C-reactive protein portended a poor prognosis in patients in both groups . contrast to the insulin-providing strategy , the insulin-sensitizing strategy led to ( 1 ) lower plasma insulin ; ( 2 ) lower plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and activity and lower tissue plasminogen activator antigen ( known to track with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 ) ; and ( 3 ) lower C-reactive protein and fibrinogen at all intervals after baseline ( P < 0.001 for each ) . insulin-sensitizing treatment strategy led to changes in biomarker profiles indicative of decreased insulin resistance , an altered balance between thrombosis and fibrinolysis favoring fibrinolysis , and diminished intensity of the systemic inflammatory state , factors that have been associated with cardiovascular risk . . identifier : NCT00006305 ."
1622,Abstract #1622,"( LAS100977 ) is a novel , long-acting 2-agonist , in development for the once-daily treatment of asthma in combination with mometasone . we report the results of a Phase IIa trial of single doses of abediterol added to ongoing maintenance therapy ( inhaled corticosteroids ) in patients with persistent mild-to-moderate asthma . was a randomised , double-blind , placebo - and active-comparator-controlled , five-way crossover study . patients ( 18-70 years ) with a clinical diagnosis of persistent asthma received abediterol ( 5 , 10 and 25g ) , salmeterol and placebo , on top of ongoing maintenance therapy . function was determined using spirometry and whole body plethysmography . primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1s ( FEV1 ) after a single dose . three abediterol doses induced statistically significant increases in trough FEV1 vs placebo and salmeterol . in other lung function parameters were also statistically significantly greater with all abediterol doses vs both placebo ( p < 0.0001 ) and salmeterol ( p < 0.05 ) than the first assessment at 5min post-dose . improvements were sustained to 36h post-dose . profile of treatment-emergent adverse events judged as related to abediterol was consistent with that seen after adrenergic stimulation and occurred exclusively in patients who received abediterol 10g or 25g . first-in-patient study revealed the potent , rapid and long-acting bronchodilatory effect of abediterol in patients with persistent mild-to-moderate asthma together with an overall good safety and tolerability profile . studies are now underway to establish the optimal efficacy-safety-tolerability profile for this compound ."
1623,Abstract #1623,"angioedema ( HAE ) , caused by deficiency in C1-inhibitor ( C1-INH ) , leads to unpredictable edema of subcutaneous tissues with potentially fatal complications . surgery can be a trigger for edema episodes , current guidelines recommend preoperative prophylaxis with C1-INH or attenuated androgens in patients with HAE undergoing surgery . , the risk of an HAE attack in patients without prophylaxis has not been quantified . analysis examined rates of perioperative edema in patients with HAE not receiving prophylaxis . was a retrospective analysis of records of randomly selected patients with HAE type I or II treated at the Frankfurt Comprehensive Care Centre . were examined for information about surgical procedures and the presence of perioperative angioedema . total of 331 patients were included ; 247 underwent 700 invasive procedures . these procedures , 335 were conducted in 144 patients who had not received prophylaxis at the time of surgery . representing significant numbers of procedures were abdominal ( n = 113 ) , ENT ( n = 71 ) , and gynecological ( n = 58 ) procedures . rate of documented angioedema without prophylaxis across all procedures was 5.7 % ; in 24.8 % of procedures , the presence of perioperative angioedema could not be excluded , leading to a maximum potential risk of 30.5 % . of perioperative angioedema could not be identified . risk of perioperative angioedema in patients with HAE type I or II without prophylaxis undergoing surgical procedures ranged from 5.7 % to 30.5 % ( CI 3.5-35 .7 % ) . unpredictability of HAE episodes supports current international treatment recommendations to consider short-term prophylaxis for all HAE patients undergoing surgery ."
1624,Abstract #1624,"entry of patients into randomised clinical trials ( RCTs ) in lung cancer is low . study was undertaken to assess the reasons why patients with non-small cell lung cancer did not enter a trial involving randomisation to receive or not receive three courses of cisplatin based chemotherapy in addition to primary treatment by surgery , radiotherapy , or best supportive care . study was carried out in two large London institutions with a special interest in recruiting patients to lung cancer trials . recently diagnosed as having non-small cell lung cancer were prospectively identified and followed to see whether they entered the RCT and , if not , to identify the main reasons why . hundred and eighty eight patients newly diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer were identified between November 1995 and July 1998 ; 274 ( 39.8 % ) were deemed ineligible for the RCT for clinical reasons , most frequently their general condition rendering them unfit for chemotherapy . 161 ( 23.4 % ) were ineligible for logistical reasons-for example , they were discharged to centres not participating in the RCT or they were not considered for the trial at an appropriate time in their management . 253 potentially eligible patients , only 63 ( 24.9 % of those eligible ) agreed to enter the RCT and four entered another study . those who did not enter , 77 ( 41.4 % ) declined without stating a reason , 61 ( 32.8 % ) did not want chemotherapy , and only eight ( 4.3 % ) expressed a wish to have chemotherapy . considerable time and effort , the proportion of patients recruited was small ( 9.2 % ) . seen were ineligible but , of 253 potentially eligible patients , 186 ( 73.5 % ) refused to enter the RCT ."
1625,Abstract #1625,"studied the efficacy of lidocaine jelly instillation proximal to the ureteral stone during intracorporeal lithotripsy using a semirigid ureteroscope for the prevention of retrograde migration and improvement in stone-free rate . November 2006 to September 2007 , 50 patients with 5 to 18 mm ureteral stones undergoing ureteroscopic removal using pneumatic lithotripsy were randomized into 2 groups . 1 ( 25 patients ) had lidocaine jelly instilled proximal to the stone before and after fragmentation , and group 2 was the control group ( 25 patients ) . was performed using an 8 or 6.4 Fr semirigid ureteroscope . 5Fr ureteral stent was advanced beyond the stone . jelly ( 2 ml ) was instilled and lithotripsy was performed with a Swiss LithoClast . 5Fr ureteral catheter was left in place for 24 hours . were followed at 24 hours with plain x-ray of the kidneys , ureters and bladder , and at 2 weeks with noncontrast enhanced computerized tomography of the kidneys , ureters and bladder . 2 groups were comparable with regard to age and stone size . or stone fragment migration occurred in 4 % and 28 % of patients in groups 1 and 2 , respectively , and this difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.002 ) . 2 weeks followup with imaging the stone-free rate was 96 % and 72 % in groups 1 and 2 , respectively , and this difference was also statistically significant ( p = 0.045 ) . the mean operative time was slightly longer in the treatment group ( 33.56 + / - 13 vs 35.84 + / - 12.5 minutes ) the difference was not significant ( p = 0.450 ) . jelly instillation proximal to ureteral calculi during lithotripsy is an effective method of preventing retrograde stone displacement as well as significantly improving the stone-free rate ."
1626,Abstract #1626,"study compared the methylphenidate ( MPH ) dose-response profiles of children with the Predominantly Inattentive ( PI ) and Combined ( CB ) subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . is the first such study to enroll a sample comprised exclusively of children , all but one of whom had no prior exposure to ADHD medications . design was a double-blind crossover with 1-week exposures to placebo and low , medium , and high , fixed , three times daily ( t.i.d. ) dosage regimens of immediate-release MPH , administered in random order . and teachers completed weekly behavioral questionnaires ( Conners , Swanson , Kotkin , Agler , M-Flynn and Pelham Scale [ SKAMP ] ) and a child psychiatrist provided weekly ratings of symptom severity ( ADHD Rating Scale [ ADHD-RS ] ) , side effects ( Side Effects Rating Scale ) , and a Clinical Global Impressions-Severity ( CGI-S ) . addition , laboratory measures of vigilance ( Continuous Performance Test [ CPT ] ) and resistance to cognitive interference ( Stroop ) were administered weekly . children ( 15 CB , 10 PI ) , who met rigorous diagnostic criteria for their ADHD subtype , completed the study . did not differ on demographic variables or severity at baseline . questionnaires and clinical ratings indicated significant improvement on MPH for both subtypes but no differences in response profiles of the two groups . effects were predominantly linear for both subtypes . of MPH were significant for the CPT , but not the Stroop , instrument with no differences between ADHD subtypes . support the clinical utility of MPH in the treatment of the PI subtype and provide no evidence of differences in response between the subtypes ."
1627,Abstract #1627,"aim of this study is to determine whether mandibular bone height affects patients ' ratings of satisfaction and function with mandibular 2-implant overdentures ( IODs ) and conventional dentures ( CDs ) . edentulous elders were randomly allocated into 2 groups and treated with maxillary CDs and either mandibular CDs or IODs . of mandibular bone height were carried out on panoramic radiographs using 4 published methods . baseline and 6 months after delivery , all participants rated their satisfaction with their prostheses using the McGill Denture Satisfaction Instrument . t-tests and a linear multivariable regression model were used for statistical analyses . bone height has no effect on patients ' ratings of general satisfaction , nor on ratings of ability to chew , stability , comfort , aesthetics and ability to speak at 6 months ( p > 0.05 , linear regression ) . were significant between treatment differences in ratings of general satisfaction , comfort , stability and ability to chew from all mandibular bone height categories , with higher ratings assigned to IODs ( p < 0.01 , t-tests ) . regression analyses confirmed that , for general satisfaction , as well as ability to chew , stability , comfort , aesthetics and ability to speak , treatment with IODs contributes to higher satisfaction ratings ( p < 0.001 ) , while mandibular bone height does not . evidence demonstrates that mandibular bone height has no effect on patients ' satisfaction with the function , chewing ability and comfort of their prostheses . , no matter how much mandibular bone , these results suggest that edentulous elders will benefit more from mandibular IODs than from CDs ."
1628,Abstract #1628,"genetic factors might affect the risk of progression from infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus ( HPV ) , the etiologic agent for cervical cancer , to persistent HPV infection , and hence to cervical precancer and cancer . assessed 18,310 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) from 1113 genes in 416 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 ( CIN3 ) / cancer cases , 356 women with persistent carcinogenic HPV infection ( median persistence of 25 months ) and 425 randomly selected women ( non-cases and non-HPV persistent ) from the 10,049 women from the Guanacaste , Costa Rica HPV natural history cohort . gene and SNP associations , we computed age-adjusted odds ratio and p-trend . comparisons were made : 1 ) association with CIN3/cancer ( compared CIN3/cancer cases to random controls ) , 2 ) association with persistence ( compared HPV persistence to random controls ) , and 3 ) progression ( compared CIN3/cancers with HPV-persistent group ) . statistically significantly associated with CIN3/cancer included genes for peroxiredoxin 3 PRDX3 , and ribosomal protein S19 RPS19 . single most significant SNPs from each gene associated with CIN3/cancer were PRDX3 rs7082598 ( P ( trend ) < 0.0001 ) , and RPS19 rs2305809 ( P ( trend ) = 0.0007 ) , respectively . SNPs were also associated with progression . data suggest involvement of two genes , RSP19 and PRDX3 , or other SNPs in linkage disequilibrium , with cervical cancer risk . investigation showed that they may be involved in both the persistence and progression transition stages . results require replication but , if true , suggest a role for ribosomal dysfunction , mitochondrial processes , and/or oxidative stress , or other unknown function of these genes in cervical carcinogenesis ."
1629,Abstract #1629,"aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of Children 's Appetite Awareness Training ( CAAT ) , a treatment for childhood obesity which encourages overweight children to eat in response to internal appetite cues . children ( ages 6-12 years old ) were randomized to either the CAAT treatment group ( N = 23 ) , to receive 1-h treatment sessions over 6 weeks , or a wait-list group ( N = 24 ) . and height of children and parents in both groups were assessed at pre - and post-treatment ( or equivalent time for wait-list control ) and at a 6-month follow-up for those in the CAAT group . intervention had a significant , short-term effect on the BMI of children who participated . at 6-month follow-up , children 's BMI has not increased significantly , the difference between pretreatment and follow-up BMI was no longer significant . results are encouraging for the use of CAAT with overweight children . effectiveness could be enhanced through increasing the duration of the program , adding booster sessions and increased involvement of parents ."
1630,Abstract #1630,"compare the percentage of filled canal area in mandibular molar roots after using conventional root-canal hand instrumentation or after a noninstrumentation technique ( NIT ) . mandibular molars were used shortly after extraction . root canals of 20 molars in the manual group were conventionally prepared using hand instruments and then filled with warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha . 20 teeth in the second group were cleaned and obturated by NIT . each case , the entire molar , including the crown and the roots , was embedded in an acrylic resin cylinder before NIT . sections were cut at 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 mm from the apex . of the sections were taken using a microscope at x40 magnification and a digital camera ; the images were scanned as Tagged Image File Format ( TIFF ) images into a PC . cross-sectional area of the canal with the filling materials was measured using an image analysis programme . percentage of filled area was calculated . difference in the percentage of filled canal area between the two groups was analysed using a Student 's t-test . all levels , 93-100 % of the canal area was filled in both groups . significant difference was found between the manual technique and the NIT technique at any level ( P > 0.05 ) . the limitations of this study , following the cleaning and filling of root canals using NIT , the percentage of filled root canal was similar to that using warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha after conventional root-canal instrumentation ."
1631,Abstract #1631,"the efficacy of the newer antiepileptic drugs ( AEDs ) is well established , there remain questions regarding their cognitive side effects . , we performed a comparative open randomized trial with TPM and TGB as add-on therapy , with particular consideration of cognition , mood , and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) . patients with refractory epilepsy were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups ( TPM vs TGB ) and received neuropsychological testing at baseline ( T1 ) , after titration ( 3 months , T2 ) , and during the maintenance phase ( another 3 months , T3 ) . included measures of intelligence , attention , working memory , episodic memory , language , and self-report questionnaires regarding mood and HRQOL . patients ( 8 TPM , 12 TGB ) discontinued the trial for different reasons ( no group difference ) . outcome ( intention-to-treat analysis ) was comparably good in both groups ( 8.1 % seizure free , 29.7 % seizure reduction > 50 % ) . baseline to after the titration paired sample t tests revealed significant deterioration in verbal fluency , language comprehension , working memory , and visual block tapping under TPM and a deterioration in verbal memory ( delayed free recall ) in the TGB group . functions remained stable in the maintenance phase . measures initially indicated concerns about AED side effects in both groups and concerns about worse cognitive functioning and depression under TPM . the maintenance phase the TGB group reported feeling a lack of energy , whereas patients on TPM demonstrated improvement on all QOLIE scales on a descriptive level . study demonstrates the comparable efficacy of TPM and TGB . with previous reports , TPM but not TGB appears to be associated with persistent negative cognitive side effects on frontal lobe-associated functions , the degree of which may be estimated by the fact that this effect was observed with a very small sample size . contrast , in patients taking TPM , initially negatively affected HRQOL returns to baseline in the long run on a descriptive level . latter finding may be interpreted in accordance with the observation that objective performance and subjective self-report under TPM can be dissociated ."
1632,Abstract #1632,"investigate the effectiveness of pre-emptive preperitoneal infiltration of 0.5 % Bupivacaine in postoperative pain control in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal ( TEP ) hernioplasty . conducted a prospective randomized controlled three-arm study . patients aged 18-75 years with reducible groin hernia undergoing laparoscopic TEP hernioplasty in our day surgery unit were recruited . were randomized into three groups . pre-emptive Bupivacaine group ( PBU ) received infiltration of 10 ml 0.5 % Bupivacaine to port sites before skin incision and another 10 ml to the preperitoneal space immediately after the creation of a first working port before further dissection . standard Bupivacaine group ( SBU ) received infiltration of Bupivacaine after mesh placement , while in the control group ( CO ) , the same amount of saline was injected instead . operations were performed with the same surgical technique by a single surgeon . pain was recorded at 2 , 6 , and 24 h by an independent assessor using a 0-10 verbal rating scale . operative time , complications , and analgesia consumption , as well as patient satisfaction were also measured . patients were randomized into three groups of 30 . were no differences in age , American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) risk classification , number of bilateral diseases , and operation time . pain score was significantly reduced by Bupivacaine compared with control patients , while pre-emptive Bupivacaine was better than standard Bupivacaine . out of ninety patients ( 15.6 % ) had seroma formation . patients were discharged on the same day of operation . preperitoneal infiltration of 0.5 % Bupivacaine significantly reduces postoperative pain in laparoscopic TEP hernioplasty ."
1633,Abstract #1633,"evidence suggests that trainees acquire psychomotor skills better when they are allowed self-guided access to instructional material and when they set goals that are related to performance processes rather than performance outcomes . present study assessed whether self-guided access to instruction and the setting of process goals lead to better acquisition of clinical technical skills . learn wound closure skills , 48 medical students were randomly assigned to one of four groups in a 2 x 2 study design . participants were able to access the instructional video freely , whereas control participants were restricted to watching only those video segments accessed by their matched self-guided participant . group was further divided into two subgroups , comprising a process goal subgroup , where participants set goals focused on performance mechanisms , and an outcome goal subgroup , where participants set goals focused on performance products . on pre - , post - , retention and transfer tests was assessed with hand motion measures and expert evaluations . differences were evaluated using one-way anovas . self-guided group with process goals showed greater skill retention than its matched control group , whereas the self-guided group with outcome goals did not . , the groups with process goals performed better on the transfer test than the outcome goal groups . goal participants accessed the instructional video most frequently . findings advance the study of independent learning in medical education . used interactive and structured instructional materials to effectively self-guide their learning of clinical technical skills . , a self-guided benefit was demonstrated only when trainees set process goals ."
1634,Abstract #1634,"infection by Helicobacter pylori is regarded as an etiological factor for vascular diseases . , there are conflicting results on the relevance of chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori as a risk factor for ischemic stroke . aim of our study was to investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and ischemic stroke subtypes in Chinese . total of 150 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled in the patient group . were stratified for etiologic stroke subtypes according to 2007 modified Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria : 119 patients with atherothrombosis , 15 patients with cardioembolism , and 12 patients with small artery disease . hundred and thirty-one control subjects without clinical and instrumental evidence of atherosclerotic diseases were randomly selected from health check-up center . potential risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection and traditional risk factors for ischemic stroke of all subjects were analyzed . serum specific antibody IgG of Helicobacter pylori was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . logistic regression was used to analyze the data . Helicobacter pylori/IgG-positive rate in the patient group was higher than that in the healthy control group , but the difference was not statistically significant [ 67.3 % versus 61.8 % ; odds ratio ( OR ) = 1.272 ; P = 0.336 ] . result remained non-significant after adjustment for other established risk factors [ OR = 1.222 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 0.688-2 .171 ; P = 0.494 ] . analysis using univariate and multivariate analyses yielded similar results in all etiologic stroke subtypes ( univariate analysis , atherothrombosis : OR = 1.368 , 95 % CI : 0.810-2 .311 , P = 0.241 ; cardioembolism : OR = 0.926 , 95 % CI :0.311 -2.758 , P = 0.890 ; small artery disease : OR = 1.852 , 95 % CI : 0.478-7 .167 , P = 0.366 ; multivariate analysis , atherothrombosis : OR = 1.385 , 95 % CI : 0.726-2 .639 , P = 0.323 ; cardioembolism : OR = 0.832 , 95 % CI : 0.236-2 .932 , P = 0.775 ; small artery disease : OR = 1.836 , 95 % CI : 0.396-8 .503 , P = 0.437 ) . case-control study does not reveal any strong association between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and ischemic stroke . case-control prospective studies are required for further investigation of the potential association between Helicobacter pylori infection and ischemic stroke risk , particularly in certain subgroups ."
1635,Abstract #1635,"with intravenous rtPA is an effective treatment for patients with ischaemic stroke if given within 3 h from onset . , more than 20 % of stroke patients arrive in time to be treated with thrombolysis . , in most hospitals , only 1-8 % of all stroke patients are actually treated . , intraorganisational , medical and psychological barriers are hampering broad implementation of thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke . evaluate the effect of a high-intensity implementation strategy for intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke , compared with regular implementation ; to identify success factors and obstacles for implementation and to assess its cost-effectiveness , taking into account the costs of implementation . PRACTISE study is a national cluster-randomised-controlled trial . hospitals have been assigned to the regular or high-intensity intervention by random allocation after pair-wise matching . high-intensity implementation consists of training sessions in conformity with the Breakthrough model , and a tool kit . patients who are admitted with acute stroke and onset of symptoms not longer than 24 h are registered . primary outcome measure is treatment with thrombolysis . outcomes are admission within 4 h after onset of symptoms , death or disability at 3 months , the rate of haemorrhagic complications in patients treated with thrombolysis , and costs of implementation and stroke care in the acute setting . outcomes are derived from detailed criteria for the organisational characteristics , such as door-to-needle time and protocol violations . can be used to monitor the implementation process and study the effectiveness of specific interventions . study will provide important information on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of actively implementing an established treatment for acute ischaemic stroke . multifaceted aspect of the intervention will make it difficult to attribute a difference in the primary outcome measure to a specific aspect of the intervention . , careful monitoring of intermediate parameters as well as monitoring of accomplished SMART tasks can be expected to provide useful insights into the nature and role of factors associated with implementation of thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke , and of effective acute interventions in general ."
1636,Abstract #1636,"electrocardiographic lead wires ( ECG-LWs ) may not be as durable as reusable ones . examine differences in alarm events between disposable and reusable ECG-LWs . cardiac telemetry units were randomized to reusable ECG-LWs , and 2 units alternated between disposable and reusable ECG-LWs for 4 months . remote monitoring team , blinded to ECG-LW type , assessed frequency and type of alarm events by using total counts and rates per 100 patient days . rates were compared by using generalized linear mixed-effect models for differences and noninferiority between wire types . 1611 patients and 9385.5 patient days of ECG monitoring , patient characteristics were similar between groups . of alarms for no telemetry , leads fail , or leads off were lower in disposable ECG-LWs ( adjusted relative risk [ 95 % CI ] , 0.71 [ 0.53-0 .96 ] ; noninferiority P < .001 ; superiority P = .03 ) and monitoring ( artifact ) alarms were significantly noninferior ( adjusted relative risk [ 95 % CI ] : 0.88 , [ 0.62-1 .24 ] , P = .02 ; superiority P = .44 ) . between-group differences existed in false or true crisis alarms . ECG-LWs were noninferior to reusable ECG-LWs for all false-alarm events ( N [ rate per 100 patient days ] , disposable 2029 [ 79.1 ] vs reusable 6673 [ 97.9 ] ; adjusted relative risk [ 95 % CI ] : 0.81 [ 0.63-1 .06 ] , P = .002 ; superiority P = .12 . ) ECG-LWs with patented push-button design had superior performance in reducing alarms created by no telemetry , leads fail , or leads off and significant noninferiority in all false-alarm rates compared with reusable ECG-LWs . ECG alarms may save nurses time , decrease alarm fatigue , and improve patient safety ."
1637,Abstract #1637,"evaluate the outcome of excision with or without primary closure in the management of chronic pilonidal sinus ( PNS ) disease . July 2002 and November 2006 , a randomized trial was conducted in the Department of General Surgery , Riyadh Medical Complex , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia . the patients who presented with chronic natal cleft PNS disease were included in the study . underwent either excision with midline closure ( EMC group ) , or excision without closure ( EWC group ) . , who came with an acute pilonidal abscess ( complicated ) were excluded from the study . principle outcome measures recorded were wound infection , healing time , time off work and the recurrence rate . total of 380 patients of chronic PNS were divided into EMC group , ( 188 patients ) and EWC group ( 192 patients ) . of the patients were male in both the groups ( 93 % ) . hospital stay ranged from 2 to 5 days ( mean = 3.6 + / - 1.4 days ) for EMC group , while it was 3-5 days ( mean = 4 + / - 1.1 days ) for EWC group ( p < 0.002 ) . infection was 4.2 % in EMC group , compared to 3.12 % of EWC group ( MS ) . mean healing time and time off work in EMC group was significantly shorter than the patients in EWC group . follow up of EMC group was 36.3 months ( range 10-52 months ) while it was 35.2 months ( range 13-51 months ) for EWC group . there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of both the groups ( 3.7 % vs. 3 % ) . and primary closure is recommended , as a preferred procedure in the management of chronic PNS disease . has the advantages of early wound healing , rapid return to work and comparable recurrence rate with excision and open wound ."
1638,Abstract #1638,"lymph node ( SLN ) staging is currently used to avoid complete axillary dissection in breast cancer patients with negative SLNs . of a similar efficacy , in terms of survival and regional control , of this strategy as compared with axillary resection is based on few clinical trials . 1998 , we started a randomized study comparing the two strategies , and we present here its results . were randomly assigned to sentinel lymph node biopsy ( SLNB ) and axillary dissection [ axillary lymph node dissection ( ALND arm ) ] or to SLNB plus axillary resection if SLNs contained metastases ( SLNB arm ) . end points were overall survival ( OS ) and axillary recurrence . hundred and fifteen patients were assigned to the ALND arm and 110 to the SLNB arm . positive SLN was found in 27 patients in the ALND arm and in 31 in the SLNB arm . accuracy of SLNB was 93.0 % . and negative predictive values were 77.1 % and 91.1 % , respectively . a median follow-up of 5.5 years , no axillary recurrence was observed in the SLNB arm . and event-free survival were not statistically different between the two arms . SLNB procedure does not appear inferior to conventional ALND for the subset of patients here considered ."
1639,Abstract #1639,"study compared time required and 12-month retention for two methods of sealant placement : traditional acid-etch technique and air-abrasion technique without acid etch . were placed on the permanent first molars of 84 children in grades 1-4 who were randomly assigned to treatment groups . sealants were placed in a school setting by the same clinician . time required for sealant placement was recorded , and retention rates were determined for each technique 12 months after placement . chair time for placement of sealants on four first molars using the air-abrasion technique was significantly less than for the acid-etch technique ( 7:36 minutes vs 10:56 minutes ) . children were available at 12-month follow-up ; an examiner not involved in sealant placement and masked as to the technique used determined retention . of complete retention for occlusal surfaces were not significantly different for the two techniques , although the rate for acid etch was higher than that for air abrasion ( 95 % vs 87 % ) . complete retention rates for the acid-etch technique were significantly higher than air abrasion for buccal and distolingual surfaces . rates were 65 percent and 58 percent , respectively , for acid etch and 6 percent and 28 percent , respectively , for air abrasion . more research is needed to improve air-abrasion applications , it does not appear that air abrasion without acid etching offers a significant advantage over traditional sealant placement methods and , in fact , appears to be inferior to the acid-etch technique for use in public health settings ."
1640,Abstract #1640,"hormone treatment given to adult growth hormone deficient patients leads to an increase in lean body mass by an unknown mechanism . aim of this study was to investigate the actions of growth hormone treatment on protein metabolism in adult growth hormone deficient patients . , placebo controlled trial of recombinant human growth hormone ( 0.018 U/kg/day for 1 month followed by 0.036 U/kg/day for 1 month ) with isotopic whole body protein turnover studies at 0 and 2 months . adult growth hormone deficient patients ( nine male , nine female of mean age 46.6 ( range 30-56 ) . body isotopic leucine turnover using L-1-13C-leucine measuring leucine Ra ( a measure of protein degradation ) , non-oxidative leucine Rd ( a measure of protein synthesis ) and leucine oxidation rate . body mass ( P < 0.02 ) , circulating insulin-like growth factor I ( P < 0.01 ) and insulin ( P < 0.02 ) were significantly increased at 2 months in the treatment group but there was no change in the placebo group . expressed in relation to body weight , leucine Ra and non-oxidative leucine Rd increased ( P < 0.01 ) and leucine oxidation decreased ( P < 0.02 ) after 2 months growth hormone treatment . expressed in relation to lean body mass non-oxidative leucine Rd increased ( P < 0.02 ) and leucine oxidation decreased ( P < 0.02 ) but there was no significant change in leucine Ra after 2 months growth hormone treatment . the placebo group there were no significant changes in leucine metabolism expressed as lean body mass or body weight after 2 months . in leucine metabolism expressed as lean body mass or body weight after 2 months . results indicate that the increase in lean body mass resulting from growth hormone treatment in adult growth hormone deficient patients is due to an increase in protein synthesis ."
1641,Abstract #1641,"clinical effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicines ( CAMs ) is widely debated because of a lack of clinical trials . internet may provide an effective and economical approach for undertaking randomised controlled trials ( RCTs ) of low-risk interventions . investigated whether the internet could be used to perform an internet-based RCT of a CAM fulfilling the revised CONSORT ( Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials ) statement quality checklist for reporting of RCTs . secondary aim was to examine the effect of probiotics compared to placebo in terms of well-being over 12 weeks . aged > or = 18 years with confirmed spondyloarthropathy living in the United Kingdom with internet access were invited to participate in an internet-based RCT of probiotic compared to placebo for improving well-being and bowel symptoms . intervention was a probiotic containing 4 strains of live bacteria or identical placebo taken by mouth daily for 3 months . primary outcome measure was the performance of the trial according to the revised CONSORT statement . people were randomised into the trial . internet-based trial of the CAM fulfilled the revised CONSORT statement such as efficient blinding , allocation concealment , intention to treat analysis and flow of participants through the trial . of the required number of participants was completed in 19 months . percent ( 96/147 ) completed the entire 3 months of the trial . trial was low cost and demonstrated that in an intention to treat analysis , probiotics did not improve well-being or bowel symptoms . internet-based RCT proved to be a successful and economical method for examining this CAM intervention . , adherence and completion rate were all similar to those reported with conventional RCTs but at a fraction of the cost . RCTs can fulfil all the criteria of the revised CONSORT statement and are an appropriate method for studying low-risk interventions . ."
1642,Abstract #1642,"osteoporosis patients have low 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD ) and do not take recommended vitamin D amounts . single tablet containing both cholecalciferol ( vitamin D3 ) and alendronate would improve vitamin D status concurrently , with a drug shown to reduce fracture risk . study assessed the efficacy , safety , and tolerability of a once-weekly tablet containing alendronate 70 mg and cholecalciferol 70 microg ( 2800 IU ) ( ALN + D ) versus alendronate 70 mg alone ( ALN ) . 15-week , randomized , double-blind , multi-center , active-controlled study was conducted during a season when 25OHD levels are declining , and patients were required to avoid sunlight and vitamin D supplements for the duration of the study . ( n = 35 ) and postmenopausal women ( n = 682 ) with osteoporosis and 25OHD > or = 9 ng/mL were randomized to ALN + D ( n = 360 ) or ALN ( n = 357 ) . 25OHD , parathyroid hormone , bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ( BSAP ) , and urinary N-telopeptide collagen cross-links ( NTX ) . 25OHD declined from 22.2 to 18.6 ng/mL with ALN ( adjusted mean change = -3.4 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : -4.0 to -2.8 ) , and increased from 22.1 to 23.1 ng/mL with ALN + D ( adjusted mean change = 1.2 ; 95 % CI : 0.6 to 1.8 ) . 15 weeks , adjusted mean 25OHD was 26 % higher ( p < 0.001 , ALN + D versus ALN ) , the adjusted relative risk ( RR ) of 25OHD < 15 ng/mL ( primary endpoint ) was reduced by 64 % ( incidence 11 % vs. 32 % ; RR = 0.36 ; 95 % CI : 0.27 to 0.48 [ p < 0.001 ] ) , and the RR of 25OHD < 9 ng/mL ( a secondary endpoint ) was reduced by 91 % ( 1 % vs. 13 % ; RR = 0.09 ; 95 % CI : 0.03 to 0.23 [ p < 0.001 ] ) . efficacy was unaltered , as measured by reduction in bone turnover ( BSAP and NTX ) . osteoporosis patients who avoided sunlight and vitamin D supplements , this once-weekly tablet containing alendronate and cholecalciferol provided equivalent antiresorptive efficacy , reduced the risk of low serum 25OHD , improved vitamin D status over 15 weeks , and was not associated with hypercalcemia , hypercalciuria or other adverse findings , versus alendronate alone ."
1643,Abstract #1643,"has been shown to improve patency after femoral artery revascularization compared with balloon angioplasty . data are available evaluating endovascular treatment for obstructive lesions of the popliteal artery . prospective , randomized , multicenter trial compared primary nitinol stent placement to percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in patients with peripheral artery disease Rutherford-Becker class 2 to 5 who had a de novo lesion in the popliteal artery . primary study end point was 1-year primary patency , defined as freedom from target-lesion restenosis ( luminal narrowing of 50 % ) as detected by duplex ultrasound . end points included target-lesion revascularization rate and changes in Rutherford-Becker class . stent placement was considered target-lesion revascularization and loss of primary patency . hundred forty-six patients were included in this trial . mean target-lesion length was 42.3 mm . hundred ninety-seven patients were available for the1-year follow-up . 1-year primary patency rate was significantly higher in the group with primary nitinol stent placement ( 67.4 % ) than in the percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty group ( 44.9 % , P = 0.002 ) . revascularization rates were 14.7 % and 44.1 % , respectively ( P = 0.0001 ) ; however , when provisional nitinol stent placement was not considered target-lesion revascularization and loss in patency , no significant differences prevailed between the study groups ( 67.4 % versus 65.7 % , P = 0.92 for primary patency ) . 73 % of patients in the percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty group and 77 % in the nitinol stent group showed an improvement of 1 Rutherford-Becker class ( P = 0.31 ) . nitinol stent placement for obstructive lesions of the popliteal artery achieves superior acute technical success and higher 1-year primary patency only if provisional stenting is considered target-lesion revascularization . stenting as part of a percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty strategy has equivalent 1-year patency and should be preferred over primary stenting . . identifier : NCT00712309 ."
1644,Abstract #1644,"compare escalating doses of immediate-release ( IR ) and sustained-release ( SR ) niacin for effectiveness in reducing levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and for the occurrence of adverse reactions , especially hepatotoxicity . , double-blind , parallel comparison of IR and SR niacin administered sequentially at 500 , 1000 , 1500 , 2000 , and 3000 mg/d , each for 6 weeks . research center . adults , 23 in each group , with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels greater than 4.14 mmol/L ( 160 mg/dL ) after 1 month of a step 1 National Cholesterol Education Program diet . fasting lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels , results of clinical laboratory tests , a symptom questionnaire , and withdrawal rates . SR niacin lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly more than IR niacin did at the dosage of 1500 mg/d and above , while IR niacin increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly more than SR niacin did at all dosage levels . reduction in triglyceride levels was similar with IR and SR niacin . ( 39 % ) of the 23 patients assigned to the IR dosage form withdrew before completing the 3000-mg daily dose ; the most common reasons for withdrawal were vasodilatory symptoms , fatigue , and acanthosis nigricans . ( 78 % ) of the 23 patients assigned to the SR dosage form withdrew before completing the 3000-mg daily dose ; the most common reasons for withdrawal were gastrointestinal tract symptoms , fatigue , and increases in levels of liver aminotransferases , often with symptoms of hepatic dysfunction . of the patients taking IR niacin developed hepatotoxic effects , while 12 ( 52 % ) of the 23 patients taking SR niacin did . SR form of niacin is hepatotoxic and should be restricted from use . IR niacin is preferred for the management of hypercholesterolemia but can also cause significant adverse effects and should be given only to patients who can be carefully monitored by experienced health professionals ."
1645,Abstract #1645,"purpose of this study was to determine the optimal of three concentrations of bupivacaine ( 0.0 % , 0.05 % , 0.10 % ) to add to an epidural infusion of meperidine ( 1 mg.ml-1 ) for postoperative pain relief . this prospective , double blind study , 60 patients undergoing abdominal surgery with general anaesthesia were randomized into three groups to receive for postoperative epidural analgesia : 1 ) 1 mg.ml-1 meperidine ( 0 % group ) , 2 ) bupivacaine 0.05 % and 1 mg.ml-1 meperidine ( 0.05 % group ) , 3 ) bupivacaine 0.10 % and 1 mg.ml-1 meperidine ( 0.10 % group ) . , the epidural infusion rate was titrated to produce adequate analgesia and pain was assessed at rest and on movement . were no differences in demographic data , average pain scores or side effects among the three groups . , there was improvement of pain relief at rest over time in the three groups ( P < 0.05 ) . epidural analgesic infusion rates increased over time for the three groups ( P < 0.05 ) and were lower in the 0.10 % group ( mean of 10.0 ml.hr-1 ) than in the 0 % group ( mean of 12.6 ml.hr-1 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . than half of the 0 % group had serum meperidine concentrations > 400 g.L-1 to control moderate postoperative pain . analgesia was identical among groups , the lower serum concentrations of meperidine support the addition of bupivacaine 0.10 % to meperidine when administered as a continuous infusion following abdominal surgery ."
1646,Abstract #1646,"is associated with a higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes . improve the health outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) , the American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) recommended target goals for the improvement of glycemic control and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors associated with the disease . retrospective analysis calculated the absolute benefit increase ( ABI ) of using exenatide once weekly ( QW ) , a glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) receptor agonist , vs an oral glucose-lowering medication or insulin glargine to achieve ADA-recommended goals . number needed to treat ( NNT ) to achieve these goals was also calculated and provides a useful clinical metric for comparing potential therapies from different drug classes . data from three double-blind or open label , 26-week , randomized , controlled trials were retrospectively analyzed separately . and NNT were calculated by comparing the percentage of patients treated with exenatide QW ( N = 641 ) vs metformin ( N = 246 ) , sitagliptin ( N = 329 ) , pioglitazone ( N = 328 ) , or insulin glargine ( N = 223 ) , who achieved a single glycemic , weight , blood pressure , or lipid goal or a composite of these recommended goals , during the DURATION-2 , -3 , and -4 clinical trials . ABIs favoring exenatide QW over all four glucose-lowering medications were observed for at least one HbA1c glycemic goal . of 4 and 5 were calculated when exenatide QW was compared to sitagliptin for attaining HbA1c goals of < 7.0 % and 6.5 % , respectively . , significantly more patients using exenatide QW compared to sitagliptin , pioglitazone , or insulin glargine attained the composite goal of HbA1c < 7 % or 6.5 % , without weight gain or hypoglycemia . QW was also favored over sitagliptin and insulin glargine for the achievement of the composite goals of HbA1c < 7 % ( or 6.5 % ) , systolic blood pressure < 130 mm Hg , and low-density lipoprotein < 2.59 mmol/L . most goals , exenatide QW and metformin had similar effects in treatment nave patients . analysis assessed the between-therapy differences in achieving therapeutic goals with therapies commonly used for glycemic control in patients with T2DM . clinical trials , exenatide QW assisted more patients in reaching the majority of ADA-recommended therapeutic goals than treatment with sitagliptin , pioglitazone , or insulin glargine . , NCT00641056 , NCT00676338 ."
1647,Abstract #1647,"alone or in combination with ethinyl estradiol ( EE ) can effectively stop an episode of uterine bleeding in women using the etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant , Implanon but could impair contraceptive efficacy . examine the effects of administration of mifepristone alone or with EE on ovarian function and cervical mucus consistency in women using Implanon . using Implanon were randomized to mifepristone 25 mg twice daily on day 1 plus placebo 1 daily for 4 days or plus EE 20 mcg daily for days 2-5 . of serum estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) , progesterone ( P ( 4 ) ) , luteinizing hormone ( LH ) , follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) , cervical mucus examination and maximal follicle size ( by vaginal ultrasound ) were carried out at various times . mifepristone intake , there was a dramatic increase in E ( 2 ) levels ranging from 543 to 1183 pmol/L ( p = .000 ) , which was not correlated with maximal follicle size or preceded by LH or FSH increase . increase in E ( 2 ) triggered an LH increase resulting in development of a luteinized follicle in four women with no evidence of ovulation . of these women had estradiol and progesterone levels suggestive of ovulation , but no corpus luteum was seen . all women had very low mucus scores , which did not correlate with E ( 2 ) levels . a transient increase in E ( 2 ) levels after mifepristone , there was no evidence of subsequent ovulation irrespective of whether they also received EE . mechanism by which mifepristone in the presence of etonogestrel results in a rapid increase in E ( 2 ) levels remains unclear and could not be related to any significant changes in FSH , LH , ovarian follicle dynamics or subsequent possible ovulation . is very unlikely to occur if mifepristone and EE are given during use of Implanon to stop an episode of bleeding ."
1648,Abstract #1648,"research has been used successfully to promote change in disciplines other than medicine , but there are few examples of its use in primary care . aimed to discuss the benefits and difficulties of using action research in primary care using the example of child health surveillance provision in general practice . general practices were randomly allocated into two groups . research was used to promote change in 14 practices by facilitating practice meetings and by providing written feedback . other 14 practices received written feedback alone . two groups of practices were compared using the following : ( i ) semi-structured interviews with one health visitor and GP from each practice ; ( ii ) observation of baby clinics ; ( iii ) questionnaires to parents ; and ( iv ) return rates of child health surveillance reviews from the personal child health record . 14 practices in the action research arm of the study met as individual practice teams and decided to make changes to their provision of child health surveillance . practices audited their child health surveillance as a result . health visitors in the action research practices than in the comparison practices reported changes to child health surveillance , audit , communication and use of the personal child health record . majority of health visitors and GPs thought involvement in the action research process was beneficial . , we were unable to show a statistically significant difference between the two groups of practices in baby clinic provision , parent satisfaction or the return rate of child health surveillance reviews . study suggests that action research is a successful method of promoting change in primary care . , measuring the impact of change is difficult ."
1649,Abstract #1649,"and pharmacodynamics studies are usually carried out separately with theoretical linking or interpretations . pharmacokinetics of short - vs. long-acting formulations of nifedipine is well known , but the pharmacokinetics of different once-a-day formulations of nifedipine is generally not well known by the practising physician . study provides practical patient-based information linking pharmacokinetics to pharmacodynamics in one of the target populations of patients , those with hypertension , who might receive the two different drugs . The haemodynamic responses to nifedipine vary between short - and long-acting formulations . , the latter have not been compared despite marked differences in their constitution . 1-month randomized , crossover study was designed to compare the 30-mg osmotic , constant-release nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system ( N-GITS ) with an encapsulated mini-tablet Coracten XL . hypertensive patients aged 63 + / - 7 years were studied . formulation was changed on day 15 and ( for a single dose ) day 30 . days 0 , 14 , 15 , 29 and 30 , patients were monitored for 6 h after dosing , during which blood pressure ( BP ) , heart rate ( HR ) and plasma levels of norepinephrine ( NE ) and nifedipine were measured . primary outcome was the difference in plasma NE between formulations at the time of peak nifedipine level . BP decreased rapidly after the first dose of Coracten , achieving nadir at 5 h. HR rose by 1.2 + / - 8.8 beats min ( -1 ) . N-GITS HR fell by 2.4 + / - 7.7 beats min ( -1 ) ( P = 0.159 ) . NE was higher in the Coracten - ( 480 + / - 38.3 pg ml ( -1 ) ) than N-GITS-treated patients ( 343 + / - 75.0 pg ml ( -1 ) ) at the time of peak nifedipine concentrations ( 4 and 5 h , respectively ) and their change from baseline was significantly ( P = 0.0046 ) different . similar difference between the drugs was seen again at days 15 and 30 , at 5 h after switching formulations . study suggests that two different formulations of once-daily nifedipine result in different BP and plasma NE responses , and that switching between formulations causes opposite effects upon the sympathetic nervous response to falling BP ."
1650,Abstract #1650,"standard sextant prostatic biopsy is a safe procedure associated with low morbidity . biopsy protocols suggest an increase in core numbers or sampling in distinct areas . this respect we investigated the morbidity of different biopsy regimens . was assessed using self-administered questionnaires 1 week and 1 month after biopsy in a prospective randomized trial of 405 men with three different biopsy protocols . compared a sextant biopsy regimen to a 10-core biopsy strategy , as well as patients with a re-biopsy including t-zone sampling . investigated pain during and after biopsy , gross hematuria , rectal bleeding , hematospermia , fever and chills . is a trend towards a more painful biopsy and higher rate of side effects if the number of core samples is increased , this difference did not reach statistical significance . was no increase in severity of side effects . the rate and severity of side effects of biopsy strategies to different areas of the prostate we could not find a difference . 95 % of patients would accept a repeat biopsy based on their experience on first biopsy . of transrectal prostatic biopsy is low and increasing the number of cores correlates with a minor and statistically not significant increase in the rate of side effects . sextant prostatic biopsy and extensive biopsy protocols are generally well tolerated and widely accepted from patients ."
1651,Abstract #1651,"aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of sodium valproate and topiramate in treating chronic migraine . patients with chronic migraine were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups of treatment : 750 mg/day valproate or 75 mg/day topiramate . variables were number of days with headache over a 30-day period and changes in Migraine Disability Assessment ( MIDAS ) scores at 3 months . baseline the 2 groups had similar numbers of days with headache and mean MIDAS scores . the end of the treatment period , a significant reduction in 30-day headache frequency with respect to baseline ( P < 0.00001 ) and a significant reduction in MIDAS scores ( P < 0.00001 ) were recorded in both groups . were no significant differences in beneficial effects between the 2 drugs . and topiramate seem to be able to manage successfully chronic migraine without substantial differences in efficacy and tolerability . affords clear practical advantages-in the event of failure of or intolerance for one treatment , the patient may be switched to the other ."
1652,Abstract #1652,"exists regarding optimal management of high risk localized endometrial cancer . that vaginal brachytherapy ( VB ) alone is used routinely at our institution , we retrospectively reviewed our outcomes among high risk patients defined according to the PORTEC , GOG 99 , and/or Aalders randomized trials of pelvic radiation versus observation to determine if acceptable rates of locoregional control could be achieved with vaginal brachytherapy alone in this highest risk patient population . Roswell Park Cancer Institute hospital tumor registry was used to identify all patients with Stage I or IIA endometrial cancer treated between January 1992 and June 2006 . total of 464 patients were identified . 261 patients who received post-operative RT , 225 received VB alone . those 225 , 87 met the high risk criteria as designated by PORTEC ( at least 2 of the following high risk features : age > 60 , Grade 3 , and/or myometrial invasion > or = Occurrences of the mathematical operator ' ( = ` were changed to ` OE ' . check . > 50 % ) , GOG 99 ( any age with 3 high risk features : Grade 2-3 , > 66 % myometrial invasion , and/or LVSI ; age > or = 50 with 2 high risk features ; or age > or = 70 with 1 high risk feature ) , and/or Aalders ( Stage IC , Grade 3 ) . recurrence statistics are provided . 87 high risk patients treated with VB alone , 36 , 77 , and 14 were high risk per PORTEC , GOG 99 , and Aalders respectively . ( 46 % ) underwent pelvic lymph node dissection . a median follow-up of 52 months , 3 ( 3.4 % ) pelvic recurrences were observed including 1 vaginal recurrence , 1 pelvic recurrence , and 1 local recurrence involving both the vagina and pelvis . 3 local recurrences were successfully salvaged with pelvic RT + / - surgery . represents one of the largest known series of high risk localized endometrial cancer treated with VB alone . observed 3.4 % locoregional recurrence compares favorably with the 5 % locoregional recurrence noted among the highest risk patients receiving pelvic RT in the PORTEC , GOG 99 , and Aalders randomized trials . this single institution experience , the 3 local recurrences were salvaged . on these findings , we will continue to use VB alone in the adjuvant setting for patients with high risk localized endometrial cancer ."
1653,Abstract #1653,"evaluate the influence of cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) 3A4 inhibitors on the clinical pharmacokinetics of maraviroc , a novel CCR5 antagonist . open-label , randomized , placebo-controlled studies were conducted in healthy subjects to assess the effect of separate and distinct combinations of CYP3A4 inhibitors on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of maraviroc . 1 was a two-way crossover study investigating the influence of saquinavir ( SQV ; 1200 mg t.i.d. ) and ketoconazole ( 400 mg q.d. ) on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc ( 100 mg b.i.d. ) . subjects received maraviroc for 7 days in both study periods . 1 subjects also received SQV or placebo and cohort 2 subjects also received ketoconazole or placebo . 2 was a parallel-group study including four treatment groups investigating the effects of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir ( LPV/r ; 400 mg/100 mg b.i.d. ) , ritonavir-boosted saquinavir ( SQV/r ; 1000 mg/100 mg b.i.d. ) , and low-dose ritonavir ( RTV ; 100 mg b.i.d. ) on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of maraviroc ( 100 mg b.i.d. ) , and exploring whether maraviroc dose adjustment can compensate for interaction effects . lasted 28 days and comprised three distinct phases : ( i ) maraviroc alone on days 1-7 ; ( ii ) maraviroc + interactant on days 8-21 ; and ( iii ) maraviroc ( adjusted dose ) + interactant on days 22-28 . 3 was a two-way crossover study investigating the effects of atazanavir ( ATZ ; 400 mg q.d. ) and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir ( ATZ/r ; 300 mg/100 mg b.i.d. ) on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc ( 300 mg b.i.d. ) . subjects received maraviroc on days 1-14 of both study periods . also received ATZ on days 1-7 and ATZ/r on days 8-14 of one treatment period , and placebo on days 1-14 of the other treatment period . 4 was a two-way crossover study investigating the effects of ritonavir-boosted tipranavir ( TPV/r ; 500 mg/200 mg b.i.d. ) on the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc ( 150 mg b.i.d. ) . received maraviroc plus TPV/r or placebo on days 1-8 . of the drugs/drug combinations tested ( except for TPV/r ) increased maraviroc exposure , albeit to different degrees of magnitude . caused the largest increase in maraviroc exposure ( 8.3-fold increase in AUC ( tau ) ) , whereas RTV caused the smallest increase in maraviroc exposure ( 2.6-fold increase in AUC ( tau ) ) . adjustment of the maraviroc dose in study 2 during co-administration of HIV protease inhibitors was able to compensate for the interactions . had no clinically relevant effect on maraviroc exposure at steady state . were no treatment-related serious adverse events or discontinuations due to adverse events in any of the studies , and most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity and resolved without intervention . CYP3A4 inhibitors , including ketoconazole and protease inhibitors ( except TPV/r ) , increase maraviroc exposure . adjustment of the maraviroc dose during co-administration with protease inhibitors can compensate for the interaction . does not affect the steady-state pharmacokinetics of maraviroc , and hence no dose adjustment would be warranted ."
1654,Abstract #1654,"study was conducted to test the ability of armodafinil to promote vigilance among air traffic control operators 8 to 11 hours post-dose . U.S. Naval air traffic control students were assigned to one of two groups , 150 mg dose of armodafinil or placebo . 8:00 a.m. , participants were administered armodafinil or a placebo , after which they completed a standard work day . returned at 3:45 p.m. to complete the 4-hour performance portion of the study , where they performed the psychomotor vigilance task . analysis showed a significant difference in vigilance between the armodafinil group and placebo ( p < 0.05 ) . vigilance task data revealed that participants receiving a 150 mg dose of armodafinil experienced significantly fewer lapses of attention compared to the control group . results justify additional investigation into the efficacy of armodafinil to promote sustained vigilance in military operational settings where fatigue-related performance decrements are especially problematic ."
1655,Abstract #1655,"evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic lateral epicondylitis . a randomized , investigator - and patient-blinded , controlled clinical study , 23 patients were treated with real acupuncture and 22 patients received sham acupuncture . each received 10 treatments , with two treatments per week . primary outcome variables were maximal strength , pain intensity ( verbal rating scale ) and disability scale ( Disabilities of the Arm , Shoulder and Hand questionnaire ) . were examined at baseline ( 1 week before the start of treatment ) and at follow-up 2 weeks and 2 months after the end of treatment . was no significant difference between the groups at baseline for any outcome parameter . weeks and 2 months after the end of treatment , there were significant reductions in pain intensity and improvements in the function of the arm and in maximal strength in both treatment groups . the 2-week follow-up these differences were significantly greater for all outcome parameters in the group treated with real acupuncture . 2 months the function of the arm was still better in this group than in the sham acupuncture group ; however , the differences in pain intensity and maximal strength between the groups were no longer significant . the treatment of chronic epicondylopathia lateralis humeri , acupuncture in which real acupuncture points were selected and stimulated was superior to non-specific acupuncture with respect to reduction in pain and improvement in the functioning of the arm . changes are particularly marked at early follow-up ."
1656,Abstract #1656,"wanted to determine whether neoadjuvant systemic chemoendocrine therapy guided by the estrogen receptor ( ER ) status of the primary breast cancer , followed by conventional surgery and/or radiotherapy , reduces local and distant recurrence and improves survival compared with adjuvant treatment given conventionally postoperatively . hundred ten patients with primary breast cancer ( T1-T4 , N0 , N1-2 ) were randomised to receive treatment with neoadjuvant chemoendocrine therapy or conventional post-operative chemoendocrine therapy . therapy was based on the estrogen receptor ( ER ) status of the primary tumour obtained by trucut core biopsy . patients received MMM chemotherapy ( methotrexate ( 30 mg/m2 ) , mitozantrone ( 7 mg/m2 ) and mitomycin ( 7 mg/m2 ) three-weekly for three months and ER-positive patients who were premenopausal received goserelin ( 3.75 mg monthly ) , and post menopausal women formestane ( 250 mg every two weeks ) over three months . a minimum of five years follow-up , there is no evidence of any survival benefit from the pretreatment neoadjuvant therapy regimen , with five year overall survival being 79 % + / - 4.7 % ( neoadjuvant ) and 87 % + / - 3.4 % ( adjuvant ) . , there was no apparent benefit in terms of disease-free survival . was , however , a significant reduction in the incidence of distant metastases in responders ( 4 of 51 ; 8 % ) compared with non-responders ( 17 of 49 ; 35 % ) ( P < 0.01 ) . was a reduction in the need for surgery in responding patients with T1 and T2 tumours , since 10 of 74 ( 14 % ) had no detectable residual tumour , without any apparent increase in the risk of local or distant recurrence . this study neoadjuvant treatment with endocrine or chemotherapy provided no obvious survival benefit to women with breast cancer . , it does allow avoidance of surgery in some cases . , the patients whose tumours respond to neoadjuvant systemic therapy have a lower incidence of distant metastases after five year follow-up compared to those whose tumours fail to respond ."
1657,Abstract #1657,"the availability of efficacious drugs , the success of treating hypertension is limited by patients ' inconsistent drug intake . against angiotensin II may offer a valuable alternative to conventional drugs for the treatment of hypertension , because vaccines induce relatively long-lasting effects and do not require daily dosing . we describe the preclinical development and the phase I clinical trial testing of a virus-like particle ( VLP ) - based antihypertensive vaccine . angiotensin II-derived peptide was conjugated to the VLP Qbeta ( AngQb ) . was highly immunogenic in mice and rats . test for efficacy , spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) were immunized with 400 microg AngQb or VLP alone . mean systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) was reduced by up to 21 mmHg ( 159 + / - 2 versus 180 + / - 5 mmHg , P < 0.001 ) , and total angiotensin II levels ( antibody-bound and free ) were increased ninefold ( 85 + / - 20 versus 9 + / - 1 pmol/l , P = 0.002 ) compared with VLP controls . treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor ramipril ( 1 mg/kg per day by mouth ) reached an SBP of 155 + / - 2 mmHg . healthy volunteers of a placebo-controlled randomized phase I trial were injected once with 100 microg AngQb . II-specific antibodies were raised in all subjects ( 100 % responder rate ) and AngQb was well tolerated . reduces blood pressure in SHR to levels obtained with an ACE inhibitor , and is immunogenic and well tolerated in humans . , vaccination against angiotensin II has the potential to become a useful antihypertensive treatment providing long-lasting effects and improving patient compliance ."
1658,Abstract #1658,"purpose of this persuasion research was to show that self-affirmation ( SA ) increases intentions in the advocated direction and that these intentions predict actual health behaviour change . is , these intentions not only serve the function of short-term relief of the threat caused by the persuasive message . proposed that the effect of SA depends on the level of value-involvement . were randomly assigned to one of two conditions ( no SA vs. SA ) of a between-subjects design . the SA manipulation , all participants read a threatening health text about the consequences of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake . pre-test , value-involvement was determined . included were undergraduate students . SA manipulation consisted of a writing exercise . reading the health message , participants reported their intention to eat sufficient fruit and vegetables ( N = 537 ) . 1 week ( N = 293 ) and 4 weeks ( N = 261 ) , participants completed self-reports of fruit and vegetable intake . main effect was found for SA on any outcome measure . did find that involvement moderated the effect of SA on cooked vegetables consumption . effect was not present for raw vegetables/salad consumption or for fruit consumption . moderated effect on cooked vegetable consumption was most evident after 1 week and the effect was mediated by the immediate intentions of participants . can lead to genuine intentions that predict actual behaviour , but the effect of SA depends on the type of behaviour and people 's value-involvement ."
1659,Abstract #1659,"of a new variable stiffness colonoscope ( VSC ) is expected to control loop formation and to lessen patient discomfort . aim of this prospective study was to compare the efficacy of VSC with a conventional colonoscope ( CC ) in unsedated colonoscopy , based on the experience of examiners . sixty-seven patients were randomly assigned to undergo colonoscopy with either VSC or CC by an endoscopist , including experienced and less-experienced examiners . percentages of completed procedure and time to cecal intubation were recorded . were asked to rate pain on a 5-point pain score . percentages of completed procedure with VSC and CC were 98 % and 95 % , respectively , by less-experienced hands , and 99 % and 98 % , respectively , by experienced hands . for cecal intubation with VSC and CC was 15.7 and 18.5 min , respectively , by less-experienced hands , and 9.8 and 10.6 min , respectively , by experienced hands . significantly lower mean pain score was noted in VSC patients compared with CC patients , irrespective of experience of the examiner . percent of patients rating the procedure as moderately or severely painful was significantly lower with VSC than with CC , both in less-experienced ( 19 % vs 40 % ; p < 0.01 ) and experienced hands ( 15 % vs 26 % ; p < 0.05 ) . results indicated that VSC allows favorable examination compared with CC regarding completeness , time to cecal intubation , and comfort of patients undergoing unsedated colonoscopy , irrespective of the examiner 's experience . features suggest VSC as the preferred colonoscope for patients undergoing unsedated colonoscopy ."
1660,Abstract #1660,"( eye , nose , and throat ) irritation is an important component of non-specific building-related illness ( `` sick-building syndrome '' ) . variability in susceptibility to upper airway/mucous membrane irritants is suspected epidemiologically , but has been neglected experimentally . wished to document population variability in nasal irritant sensitivity , as indexed by threshold measurements of sensory acuity . hypothesized that younger subjects , women , and allergic rhinitis sufferers would display lower sensory thresholds than would older subjects , men , and rhinitis non-sufferers . evaluated Sixty human subjects ( stratified by age , gender , and seasonal allergy status ) , using two different test systems : ( 1 ) carbon dioxide ( detection ) and ( 2 ) n-propanol ( localization ) . obtained carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) detection thresholds using an ascending concentration series , presenting 3-s pulses of CO2 , paired with air in random order , by nasal cannula . thresholds were obtained by the simultaneous presentation of n-propanol vapor ( ascending concentrations in air ) and blanks ( saturated water vapor in air ) to opposite nostrils , with laterality randomized . data were log-transformed to satisfy normality and analyzed by population marker via ANOVA and linear regression . variability was greater for volatile organic compound ( VOC ) localization than for CO2 detection ( r = 0.50 and 0.75 , respectively ) ; the two measurements were , however , positively correlated ( r = 0.48 ; P < 0.001 ) . predicted both ( log-transformed ) VOC localization thresholds ( P < 0.0001 ) and ( log-transformed ) CO2 thresholds ( P < 0.01 ) , with younger age predicting lower thresholds . gender predicted lower CO2 detection ( P < 0.05 ) but not VOC localization thresholds ( P = 0.10 ) . allergies predicted lower VOC localization ( P < 0.05 ) but not CO2 detection thresholds ( P = 0.52 ) . with epidemiological reporting patterns in so-called problem buildings , nasal irritant sensitivity appears to be non-randomly distributed in the population , with significant variability predicted by age , gender , and the presence of allergic rhinitis ."
1661,Abstract #1661,"in water have been shown to be effective for improving strength and passive range of motion ( PROM ) . rehabilitation following intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) reconstruction has taken place on land . study was designed to compare the effects of exercises in water on strength and girth of the thigh musculature , knee PROM , joint laxity , effusion , and functional outcome with the effects of similar exercises on land in subjects following intra-articular reconstruction of the ACL . subjects were randomly assigned to either a group that exercised on land or a group that exercised in water . girth , joint effusion , and knee PROM measurements were recorded at 2-week intervals for the first 8 weeks postoperatively . and isometric peak torque measurements for the thigh musculature , knee joint laxity assessments , and Lysholm scores were obtained at the end of 8 weeks . outcome scores were recorded in the water group than in the land group , as measured by Lysholm scales . differences were noted between groups for knee PROM , thigh girth , or quadriceps femoris muscle performance . the water group , less joint effusion was noted after the 8 weeks . the land group , greater peak torque for isokinetic knee flexion was recorded . exercise in water may not be as effective as exercise on land for regaining maximum muscle performance , rehabilitation in water may minimize the amount of joint effusion and lead to greater self-reports of functional improvement in subjects with intra-articular ACL reconstructions ."
1662,Abstract #1662,"the recommendations of numerous clinical practice guidelines , testing of at-risk women for Chlamydia trachomatis infection remains low . evaluated an intervention to increase guideline-recommended chlamydia screening . a two-by-two factorial design randomized trial conducted in 2001-2002 , 23 primary care clinics at Group Health Cooperative in Washington State were randomized to either control ( standard ) or intervention ( enhanced ) guideline implementation arms . intervention strategies included use of clinic-based opinion leaders , individual measurement and feedback , and exam room reminders . second patient-level intervention , a chart prompt to screen for chlamydia , was delivered in a random sample of 3509 women . outcome measure was post-intervention chlamydia testing rates among sexually active women ages 14-25 . clinic-level intervention did not significantly affect overall chlamydia testing ( odds ratio ( OR ) = 1.08 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.92-1 .26 , P = 0.31 ) . , testing rates increased significantly among women making preventive care visits ( OR , Pap test visit = 1.23 , 95 % CI , 1.01-1 .51 , P = 0.04 ; OR , physical exam visit = 1.22 , 95 % CI 1.06-1 .42 , P = 0.009 , intervention vs. control clinics ) . chart prompt intervention had no significant effect ( OR = 1.08 , 95 % CI 0.94-1 .23 , P = 0.27 ) . to improve guideline-recommended chlamydia testing increased testing among women making preventive care visits . organizational change and/or patient activation strategies may improve plan-wide testing , particularly among asymptomatic women ."
1663,Abstract #1663,"of eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa of individuals with asthma is considered to be a central event in the pathogenesis of asthma . animal models , airway eosinophil recruitment and airway hyperresponsiveness in response to allergen challenge are reduced by specific targeting of interleukin-5 . previous small dose-finding study found that mepolizumab , a humanized anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody , had no effect on allergen challenge in humans . investigate the effect of three intravenous infusions of mepolizumab , 250 or 750 mg at monthly intervals , on clinical outcome measures in 362 patients with asthma experiencing persistent symptoms despite inhaled corticosteroid therapy ( 400-1 ,000 mug of beclomethasone or equivalent ) . , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . peak expiratory flow , forced expiratory volume in 1 second , daily beta ( 2 ) - agonist use , symptom scores , exacerbation rates , and quality of life measures . eosinophil levels were also measured in a subgroup of 37 individuals . was associated with a significant reduction in blood and sputum eosinophils in both treatment groups ( blood , P < 0.001 for both doses ; sputum , P = 0.006 for 250 mg and P = 0.004 for 750 mg ) . were no statistically significant changes in any of the clinical end points measured . was a nonsignificant trend for decrease in exacerbation rates in the mepolizumab 750-mg treatment group ( P = 0.065 ) . treatment does not appear to add significant clinical benefit in patients with asthma with persistent symptoms despite inhaled corticosteroid therapy . studies are needed to investigate the effect of mepolizumab on exacerbation rates , using protocols specifically tailored to patients with asthma with persistent airway eosinophilia ."
1664,Abstract #1664,"test whether community health workers are able to reach low-income parents of African American children hospitalized for asthma and to reduce rehospitalization among them . randomized controlled evaluation of usual care vs 2-year asthma coach intervention . urban children 's hospital and the surrounding community . population-based sample of 306 children hospitalized for asthma met the inclusion criteria of being 2 to 8 years of age , of African American ethnicity , and having Medicaid coverage . these , 200 were contacted and 191 recruited with commitment to evaluation activities but , in order to assess reach , no commitment to participating in intervention . reinforced basic asthma education and encouraged key management behaviors through home visits and phone calls tailored to parent 's readiness to adopt management practices and emphasizing a nondirective supportive style ( cooperative and accepting of feelings and choices ) . reach of intervention to parents , contacts with coaches , and rehospitalization over 2 years based on hospital records . 3 months of randomization to the asthma coach group , 89.6 % of parents had at least 1 substantive contact with the coach , with an average of 21.1 contacts per parent over the 24-month intervention . proportion of children rehospitalized was 35 of 96 ( 36.5 % ) in the asthma coach group and 55 of 93 ( 59.1 % ) in the usual care group ( P < .01 ) , controlling for parental education and child age , sex , and hospitalization in the year prior to the index hospitalization . surveys , parents indicated the importance of the nondirective approach to support . asthma coach can reach low-income parents of African American children hospitalized for asthma and reduce rehospitalization among the children ."
1665,Abstract #1665,"of the minimum requirement for indispensable amino acids ( IAAs ) has been attempted by assuming that obligatory oxidative losses ( OOLs ) of IAAs can be approximated from nitrogen losses and that the efficiency of utilization of IAAs at requirement intakes is approximately 70 % . wished to determine the rates of OOLs in healthy adults , using L - [ 1 - ( 13 ) C ] leucine and L - [ 1 - ( 13 ) C , methyl - ( 2 ) H ( 3 ) ] methio-nine as tracers , after adjustment to a protein-free diet and how these rates compare with those when either sulfur amino acids ( SAAs : methionine and cyst ( e ) ine ) or leucine were removed from an otherwise adequate diet . subjects were randomly assigned to a 5-d protein-free diet or a 5-d diet providing adequate nitrogen and amino acids except for the SAAs or leucine . 24-h constant intravenous infusion of [ ( 15 ) N , ( 15 ) N ] urea and L - [ 1 - ( 13 ) C ] leucine ( Leu group ; n = 5 ) or L - [ 1 - ( 13 ) C , methyl - ( 2 ) H ( 3 ) ] methionine ( Met group ; n = 6 ) began at 1800 on day 5 and rates of amino acid oxidation were determined . ( + / - SD ) oxidation rates ( mg kg ( - ) ( 1 ) d ( - ) ( 1 ) ) of methionine and leucine were 6.4 + / - 1.4 and 24.7 + / - 3.6 , respectively , with the protein-free diet ; rates were significantly lower ( 3.9 + / - 2.2 and 7.2 + / - 3.4 , respectively ) after the SAA - and leucine-free diets . production was significantly lower ( P < 0.01 ) with the protein-free than with the SAA - or leucine-free diet . determined OOLs for methionine and leucine are consistent with losses predicted from nitrogen excretion , and consistent with our previous measurements of cysteine oxidation as an index of total SAA losses . data further support our earlier conclusions regarding methionine sparing by cysteine and tentative recommended SAA requirements in adults ."
1666,Abstract #1666,"compare management and clinical outcomes in hospitals stratified by the availability of on-site catheterization in InTIME-II , a multicentre trial comparing alteplase with lanoteplase for acute myocardial infarction . studied 15,078 patients enrolled in 35 countries and 855 hospitals . percent of hospitals had 24-h , 25 % day-only , and 44 % no on-site catheterization facilities . of cardiac angiography ( 57 % , 38 % , 26 % ) and revascularization ( 37 % , 21 % , 17 % ) were higher in hospitals with increasing access to on-site facilities ( P < 0.0001 ) . presence of a 24-h on-site facility was the strongest predictor of angiography during the index admission ( odds ratio 4.17 , 95 % CI 3.85-4 .54 ) . were no major differences in patient outcomes at 30 days when hospitals were stratified by availability of on-site catheterization . 1-year mortality was similar between groups of hospitals ( odds ratio for day-only 0.94 [ 0.80-1 .09 ] and odds ratio for no availability 0.95 [ 0.83-1 .10 ] compared to hospitals with 24-h facilities ) . is a marked variation in procedure use by the availability of on-site catheterization with no major differences in patient outcomes . is a need for additional randomized trials in the current era to address both the appropriate selection of patients and timing of invasive procedures in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction ."
1667,Abstract #1667,"observe the therapeutic effect of hydrotherapy with Chinese drugs ( HT-C ) in early intervention on children hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy ( HIE ) . children were assigned to the treatment group and the control group , 50 in each , at random depending on the willingness of patients ' parents . groups received the conventional functional training , according to the `` 0 -3 - year-old early intervention outline '' , but for the treatment group , HT-C was applied additionally . for quality of sleep , gross motor function , severity of spasm and intellectual development were observed and compared before and after treatment to assess the therapeutic effects . effect in the treatment group was better than that in the control group in all the indexes observed , showing statistical significance ( all P < 0.05 ) . intervention of HT-C could improve clinical symptom , promote the functional recovery and intellectual development in children HIE , and also could reduce or prevent the sequelae occurrence of the nervous system in them ."
1668,Abstract #1668,"assess , among women with HIV , whether long-term oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 supplementation can prevent bacterial vaginosis ( BV ) and enhance the cure rate of metronidazole among those with BV . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial conducted among 65 HIV-infected women with an aberrant microbiota ( Nugent score 4-10 ) who were randomized to receive daily probiotics or placebo for 6 months . with BV ( Nugent score 7-10 ) additionally received metronidazole for 10 days ( 400 mg twice daily ) . did not find an enhanced cure rate of BV among women with HIV treated with adjuvant probiotics to metronidazole treatment . women with an intermediate vaginal flora , probiotics tended to increase the probability of a normal vaginal flora ( odds ratio 2.4 ; P = 0.1 ) and significantly increased the probability of a beneficial vaginal pH ( odds ratio 3.8 ; P = 0.02 ) at follow-up . of probiotic L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 did not enhance the cure of BV among women living with HIV , but may prevent the condition among this population . ."
1669,Abstract #1669,"positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) for symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea ( OSA ) improves sleepiness and reduces vascular risk , but such treatment for the more prevalent , minimally symptomatic disease is contentious . multicentre , randomised controlled , parallel , hospital-based trial across the UK and Canada , recruited 391 patients with confirmed OSA ( oxygen desaturation index > 7.5 / h ) but insufficient symptoms to warrant CPAP therapy . were randomised to 6 months of auto-adjusting CPAP therapy , or standard care . endpoints were change in Epworth Sleepiness Score ( ESS ) and predicted 5-year mortality using a cardiovascular risk score ( components : age , sex , height , systolic blood pressure , smoking , diabetes , cholesterol , creatinine , left ventricular hypertrophy , previous myocardial infarction or stroke ) . endpoints included some of the individual components of the vascular risk score , objectively measured sleepiness and self-assessed health status . 391 patients randomised , 14 withdrew , 347 attended for their follow-up visit at 6 months within the predefined time window , of which 341 had complete ESS data ( baseline mean 8.0 , SD 4.3 ) and 310 had complete risk score data . % of patients in the CPAP group reported stopping treatment and overall median CPAP use was 2:39 h per night . significantly improved subjective daytime sleepiness ( adjusted treatment effect on ESS -2.0 ( 95 % CI -2.6 to -1.4 ) , p < 0.0001 ) , objectively measured sleepiness and self-assessed health status . did not improve the 5-year calculated vascular risk or any of its components . patients with minimally symptomatic OSA , CPAP can reduce subjective and objective daytime sleepiness , and improve self-assessed health status , but does not appear to improve calculated vascular risk ."
1670,Abstract #1670,"evaluate development of components of polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) and PCOS in women with epilepsy initiating valproate or lamotrigine therapy . individuals with epilepsy and regular menstrual cycles were eligible for this prospective study . were randomized to 12 months of valproate ( n = 225 ) or lamotrigine ( n = 222 ) therapy . androgen levels were measured every 3 months . pregnanediol glucuronide levels were measured weekly for two 3-month periods . primary end point was development of PCOS components ( ie , hyperandrogenism or ovulatory dysfunction ) . post hoc analysis was conducted in women more than 2 years after menarche ( 177 lamotrigine , ( HA ) 186 valproate ) to exclude OD the confounding effect of puberty . women in the valproate group than the lamotrigine group developed ( OD ) in the prospective ( 54 % valproate , 38 % lamotrigine ; p = 0.010 ) and the post hoc ( HA ) analyses ( 36 % valproate , 23 % lamotrigine ; p = 0.007 ) . women in the valproate group than the lamotrigine group developed PCOS ( 9 vs 2 % ; p = 0.007 ) . of HA was more frequent with OD valproate than lamotrigine among those initiating treatment at age younger than 26 years ( 44 % valproate , 23 % lamotrigine ; p = 0.002 ) but was similar if treatment was started at age 26 years or older ( 24 % valproate , 22 % lamotrigine ) . of HA occurred more frequently with valproate than lamotrigine , especially if medication was started at age younger than 26 years ."
1671,Abstract #1671,"aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and risks of local infiltration in split-thickness skin grafts donnor site with ropivacaine ( Naropein . a prospective study was conducted enrolling 30 patients assessed for split skin grafts to cover muscular flaps , burn areas or primary tumor sites . site surface ranged from 50 to 200 cm ( 2 ) . were randomized into two groups : with or without infiltration . of inclusion were age over 18 y.o. , donnor site surface below 200 cm ( 2 ) , no neurological or psychiatic pathology , no contra-indication to ropivacaine . grafts were performed under general anaesthesia , using Lagrot 's razor to take 0.2 to 0.4 mm thickness skin bands . sites dressings were standardized , associating a corticoid fat dressing ( Corticotulle strongly and occlusively contained with an elastic band ( Elastoplast . were removed after three weeks . and late post-operative pain were evaluated using analogic visual scale ( EVA ) and need of analgesics during the hospitalisation in our Institution . were collected . patients were enrolled in this prospective study . were mean aged 37 years old , sex ratio was 1/1 . site surface was mean 157 cm ( 2 ) and graft thickness 0.35 mm . was a significant difference in immediate and late post-operative pain between both groups . reduced pain for the same oral analgesics use during 36 to 48 post-operative hours . difference was noticed after 48 hours . side-effects were noticed . of split skin grafts donnor site with ropivacain improves postoperative pain during 48 hours . is a safe and efficient method to improve comfort in addition to a standardized occlusive dressing . has become a standard routine in our Institution ."
1672,Abstract #1672,"primary care , sedating antidepressants are often used for treating insomnia , although their underlying sleep-promoting mechanisms are only incompletely understood . enhanced evening and nocturnal plasma cortisol levels are supposed to maintain insomniac sleep complaints , a functional link between sleep and cortisol secretion in the mode of action of antidepressants in insomnia might be suspected . therefore investigated the effects of the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin on nocturnal sleep and plasma cortisol concentration in ten patients ( age 41.3 + / -9.5 years ) with chronic primary insomnia between 1700 hours and 0800 hours . infusions of placebo and 25 mg doxepin were applied following a double-blind , randomized cross-over design . , all patients received 25 mg doxepin p.o. for 3 weeks in an open-study design . doxepin application forms improved sleep significantly and reduced mean cortisol levels from 9.0 + / -1.7 microg/l ( single placebo i.v. ) to 7.5 + / -1.6 microg/l ( single doxepin i.v. ) or 7.6 + / -2.0 microg/l ( subchronic doxepin p.o. ) . duration of the quiescent period of the cortisol rhythm was significantly prolonged following both doxepin administrations compared with placebo . results implicate that the sleep-improving effects of doxepin are mediated at least in part by a normalization of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functions . in some patients rebound insomnia and specific side effects must be considered , our findings give a further rationale for the use of antidepressants in the treatment of primary insomnia ."
1673,Abstract #1673,"have continued to monitor the survival of patients randomised in a previously reported multicentre phase III study of topotecan versus paclitaxel in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer who had failed one prior platinum-based regimen . with bidimensionally measurable disease were randomised to topotecan ( 1.5 mg/m ( 2 ) / day for 5 days ) or paclitaxel ( 175 mg/m ( 2 ) / day as a 3-h infusion ) every 21 days . were eligible for treatment with the alternate therapy at third line . European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life ( EORTC QOL ) - C30 questionnaire was also used to measure eight symptoms at baseline and during each course ( pain , anorexia , diarrhoea , fatigue , nausea and vomiting , dyspnea , constipation and insomnia ) . total of 226 patients were evaluable for response . characteristics were similar in both treatment groups , as were results of the EORTC QOL-30 questionnaire . the topotecan group , median time to progression was 18.9 weeks ( range < 1 to 92.6 + weeks ; 25 % censored ) , and , for paclitaxel , 14.7 weeks ( range < 1 to 137.3 + weeks ; 12.3 % censored ) ; P = 0.076 . 4 years post-randomisation , median survival in the topotecan group was 63.0 weeks ( range < 1 to 238.4 + weeks ; 20.5 % censored ) and , for paclitaxel , 53.0 weeks ( range < 1 to 226.3 + weeks ; 12.3 % censored ) ; P = 0.44 . continues to demonstrate comparable efficacy and survival to paclitaxel with manageable and non-cumulative haematological toxicity . toxicity was generally mild for both groups . long-term survival rate indicates substantial therapeutic benefit for this group of patients receiving topotecan at relapse of ovarian cancer ."
1674,Abstract #1674,"determine whether an Internet-based tailored education program is effective for disease-free cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue ( CRF ) . randomly assigned patients who had completed primary cancer treatment within the past 24 months in any of four Korean hospitals and had reported moderate to severe fatigue for at least 1 week to participate in a 12-week , Internet-based , individually tailored CRF education program or to receive routine care . based the program on the CRF guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network ( NCCN ) and incorporated the transtheoretic model ( TTM ) . baseline and 12 weeks , we used the Brief Fatigue Inventory ( BFI ) and Fatigue Severity Scale ( FSS ) as primary outcomes and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( HADS ) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 ( EORTC QLQ-C30 ) for secondary outcomes . recruited 273 participants and randomly assigned 136 to the intervention group . with the control group , the intervention group had an improvement in fatigue as shown by a significantly greater decrease in BFI global score ( -0.66 points ; 95 % CI -1.04 to -0.27 ) and FSS total score ( -0.49 ; 95 % CI , -0.78 to -0.21 ) . secondary outcomes , the intervention group experienced a significantly greater decrease in HADS anxiety score ( -0.90 ; 95 % CI , -1.51 to -0.29 ) as well as global quality of life ( 5.22 ; 95 % CI , 0.93 to 9.50 ) and several functioning scores of the EORTC QLQ-C30 . Internet-based education program based on NCCN guidelines and TTM may help patients manage CRF ."
1675,Abstract #1675,"( IFN ) alpha and IFN gamma have synergistic in vitro and in vivo effects and have each been used in the treatment of anogenital condylomata acuminata . compare the efficacy and safety of regional 3 x 10 ( 6 ) U IFN alpha ( Group A ) , 3 x 10 ( 6 ) U IFN gamma ( Group B ) , 1.5 x 10 ( 6 ) U IFN alpha plus 1.5 x 10 ( 6 ) U IFN gamma ( Group C ) , and 3 x 10 ( 6 ) U IFN alpha plus 1.5 x 10 ( 6 ) U IFN gamma ( Group D ) in the treatment of recalcitrant anogenital condylomata acuminata . courses of regional IFNs were administered in a randomized , double-blind , multicenter study . was assessed as change in the total area affected by condylomata . treatments of Groups A , B , and C were similarly effective ( complete response in 13.6 % , 18.5 % , and 16.0 % , respectively ) . D had the lowest rate of complete response ( 3.8 % ) , but this combination was the most effective when partial and complete responses were combined ( 73.0 % ) . IFN is a moderately effective and safe treatment in patients with recalcitrant anogenital condylomata acuminata . of IFNs alpha and gamma were not superior to IFN monotherapy ."
1676,Abstract #1676,"( US ) - guided subclavian vein ( SCV ) catheterization via the supraclavicular ( SC ) or infraclavicular ( IC ) approaches can be useful in children . purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of these approaches . prospective , randomized study included 98 children who were < 3 years old , and who were divided into two groups : the SC group ( n = 49 ) and the IC group ( n = 49 ) . SCV catheterizations were guided by US and performed by a single experienced anaesthesiologist . regarding puncture time , number of attempts , successful guidewire insertion , catheter insertion time , and complications were analysed . median puncture time was longer in the IC group than the SC group ( 48 vs 36 s , P = 0.02 ) . attempts ( number of attempts > 3 ) were more frequently required in the IC group than the SC group ( 24.5 vs 6.1 % , P = 0.01 ) . incidence of guidewire misplacement was higher in the IC group than that of the SC group [ 10 ( 20.4 % ) vs 0 ( 0 % ) , P = 0.001 ] . was successfully performed in all patients . pneumothoraces or arterial punctures occurred in either group . SCV catheterization under US guidance in paediatric patients , the SC approach yielded a shorter puncture time and decreased the incidence of guidewire misplacement when compared with the IC approach ."
1677,Abstract #1677,"emulsions have been suggested to reduce immune responses , particularly in severely stressed patients . authors investigated the influence of the slow intravenous infusion of a soybean oil-based lipid emulsion on some immune parameters in patients who had undergone an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer . patients who had undergone an esophagectomy were randomly divided into a lipid emulsion ( LPD ) - treated group and a control group . patients received parenteral feeding with a glucose-based solution . in the LPD group received 100 mL of a 20 % soybean oil emulsion for 7 days after the esophagectomy in addition to the glucose-based feeding . slow infusion rate ( 0.09-0 .12 g/kg/h ) was adopted to take account of the intrinsic degradation of infused lipids . responses were measured based on lymphocyte proliferation and serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , and tumor necrosis factor - ( TNF - ) . authors also measured levels of rapid turnover proteins ( ie , transferrin , prealbumin , and retinol-binding protein ) . - and concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation significantly decreased after the esophagectomy , but no significant difference was seen between the LPD and control groups . significant difference in changes in plasma concentrations of MCP-1 , IL-6 and TNF - occurred between the 2 groups either . concentrations of rapid turnover proteins did not differ between the groups . results indicate that the lipid emulsion did not affect the immune parameters measured in patients who had undergone an esophagectomy when administered at a slow rate ."
1678,Abstract #1678,"To build and validate a ventilator-associated pneumonia risk score for benchmarking . rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia varies widely with case-mix , a fact that has limited its use for measuring intensive care unit performance . We studied 1856 patients in the OUTCOMEREA database treated at intensive care unit admission by endotracheal intubation followed by mechanical ventilation for > 48 hrs ; they were allocated randomly to a training data set ( n = 1233 ) or a validation data set ( n = 623 ) . logistic regression was used . of the final model was assessed in both data sets , using the Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test and receiver operating characteristic curves . Independent risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia were male gender ( odds ratio = 1.97 , 95 % confidence interval = 1.32-2 .95 ) ; SOFA at intensive care unit admission ( < 3 [ reference value ] , 3-4 [ 2.57 , 1.39-4 .77 ] , 5-8 [ 7.37 , 4.24-12 .81 ] , > 8 [ 5.81 ( 3.2-10 .52 ) ] , no use within 48 hrs after intensive care unit admission of parenteral nutrition ( 2.29 , 1.52-3 .45 ) , no broad-spectrum antimicrobials ( 2.11 , 1.46-3 .06 ) ; and mechanical ventilation duration ( < 5 days ( ) ; 5-7 days ( 17.55 , 4.01-76 .85 ) ; 7-15 days ( 53.01 , 12.74-220 .56 ) ; > 15 days ( 225.6 , 54.3-936 .7 ) . in the training set showed good calibration and good discrimination ( area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.881 ) , and both criteria remained good in the validation set ( area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.848 ) and good calibration ( Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square = 9.98 , p = .5 ) . ventilator-associated pneumonia rates varied across intensive care units from 9.7 to 26.1 of 1000 mechanical ventilation days but the ratio of observed over theoretical ventilator-associated pneumonia rates was > 1 in only two intensive care units . The ventilator-associated pneumonia rate may be useful for benchmarking provided the ratio of observed over theoretical rates is used . validation of our prediction score is needed ."
1679,Abstract #1679,"of depressive symptoms after tryptophan depletion ( TD ) in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) - treated depression is an important , unexplained phenomenon . [ ( 18 ) F ] MPPF positron emission tomography ( PET ) , serotonin ( 5-hydroxytryptamine , 5-HT ) 1A receptor binding potential ( 5-HT ( 1A ) BP ) was measured after TD in various brain regions in citalopram-treated depression . 5-HT ( 1A ) BP measurement is sensitive to changes in extracellular 5-HT in animal models . remitted patients with major depressive disorder received [ ( 18 ) F ] MPPF PET scans twice : once after TD and once after sham depletion . measures were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and visual analog scales . effect on regional 5-HT ( 1A ) BP was observed after TD , despite an 86 % decrease in total plasma tryptophan and transient depressive relapse in six of eight patients . changes in extracellular 5-HT are not crucial for the mood effects observed in SSRI-treated subjects after TD . , greater consideration must be given to other mechanisms that involve vulnerability to small perturbations in extracellular 5-HT , such as impairment of signal transduction ."
1680,Abstract #1680,"flow-synchronized intermittent positive pressure ventilation ( NFSIPPV ) is a new non-invasive ventilatory mode that delivers synchronized mechanical breaths through the nasal prongs . unmasked , prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of NFSIPPV and conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( NCPAP ) in increasing the likelihood for successful extubation in very low-birthweight infants . infants who weighed < 1251 g at birth , required endotracheal intubation within 48 h of birth and met specific predetermined criteria for extubation by day 14 of life were recruited . infant was randomized to receive either NFSIPPV or NCPAP soon after extubation . was deemed successful if re-intubation was not needed for at least 72 h. Criteria for re-intubation were persistent severe respiratory acidosis ( arterial pH < 7.20 with pCO2 > 70 mmHg ) , severe recurrent apneic episodes not responding to increased ventilatory settings and then requiring bag ventilation , and hypoxemia ( SaO2 < 90 % or pO2 < 60 mmHg with FiO2 > or = 0.70 ) . were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups at randomization . percent ( 30/32 ) infants were successfully extubated to NFSIPPV but only 61 % ( 19/31 ) to conventional NCPAP ( P > 0.005 ) . assigned to NCPAP failed extubation mainly because of apnea and hypercapnia , and those assigned to NFSIPPV because of hypoxia . procedure induced major adverse effects . in the post-extubation period is safe and more effective than NCPAP in preventing re-ventilation ."
1681,Abstract #1681,"conventional sequence when using supraglottic airway devices is insertion , cuff inflation and fixation . hypothesis was that a tighter fit of the cuff and tip could be achieved with a consequently lower incidence of air leak , better separation of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and less airway morbidity if the device were first affixed and the cuff then inflated . clinical review board approved the study ( public registry number DRKS00003174 ) . LMA Supreme was inserted into 184 patients undergoing lower limb arthroscopy in propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia who were randomly assigned to either the control ( inflation then fixation ; n = 92 ) or study group ( fixation then inflation ; n = 92 ) . cuff was inflated to 60 cmH2O . patients ' lungs were ventilated in pressure-controlled mode with 5 cmH2O PEEP , Pmax to give 6mlkg-1 tidal volume , and respiratory rate adjusted to end-tidal CO2 of 4.8 and 5.6 kPa . cuff and tip position were determined by leak detection , capnometry trace , oropharyngeal leak pressure , suprasternal notch test , and lube-tube test . and cuff position and the presence of glottic narrowing were assessed by fiberscopic examination . dysphagia , hoarseness and sore throat were assessed with a questionnaire . impairment was defined as a tidal volume < 6mlkg-1 with Pmax at oropharyngeal leak pressure , glottic narrowing was defined as an angle between the vocal cords under 16 degrees . incidence of incorrect device position ( 18 % vs. 21 % ) , failed ventilation ( 10 % vs. 9 % ) , leak pressure ( 24.8 vs. 25.2 cmH2O , p = 0.63 ) , failed lube-tube test ( 16.3 % vs. 17.6 % ) and glottic narrowing ( 19.3 % vs. 14.1 % , p = 0.35 ) was similar in both groups ( control vs. study , resp . ) glottic narrowing occurred , it was more frequently associated with ventilatory impairment in the control group ( 77 % vs. 39 % ; p = 0.04 ) . morbidity was more common in the control group ( 33 % vs. 19 % ; p < 0.05 ) . the sequence of cuff inflation and device fixation does not affect device position , oropharyngeal leak pressures or separation of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts . reduces the incidence of glottic narrowing with impaired ventilation and also perioperative airway morbidity ."
1682,Abstract #1682,"prospective , randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 33 Italian surgical departments with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of octreotide in the prevention of pancreatic fistula after elective pancreatic resections . July 1990 and May 1992 , 278 patients were enrolled in the study . dropped out because of unresectable disease and six were excluded because of protocol violation ; the remaining 218 were randomly assigned to the octreotide group ( n = 111 ) or to the placebo group ( n = 107 ) . were 131 men and 87 women with a mean age of 58.2 + / - 11.7 yrs . was the most common operation performed ( n = 143 ) , sixty-four percent of patients had a pancreatic or periampullary cancer ; chronic pancreatitis accounted for 8.2 % of cases . rate was 6.9 % . pancreatic fistula occurred in 31 patients ( 14.2 % ) , 9 % in the octreotide group and 19.6 % in the placebo group ( p < 0.05 ) . rate was significantly lower in the octreotide ( 21.6 % ) than in the placebo group ( 36.4 % ) ( p < 0.05 ) . specific pancreatic complications were grouped together and evaluated , they occurred less frequently in the treated ( 15.3 % ) than in the placebo group ( 29.9 % ) ( p < 0.05 ) . was able to reduce significantly the incidence of pancreatic fistula after elective pancreatic resections ."
1683,Abstract #1683,"compare intraoperative and recovery parameters in patients who received either propofol infusion ( PI ) , propofol bolus ( PB ) , or midazolam bolus ( MZ ) for sedation . clinical study . patients in a specialized hospital . patients , aged 18 to 85 years , scheduled for central venous access for chemotherapy and/or total parenteral nutrition . 30 patients , sedation was induced with MZ 0.02 mg/kg intravenously ( i.v. ) , repeated every 2 to 3 minutes to achieve a sedation level of 3 ( eyes closed , responds to verbal stimulus ) ( SL3 ) . was with MZ 0.005 mg/kg i.v. repeated as necessary to maintain SL3 . both propofol groups ( 30 patients each ) , induction of sedation was with a bolus of propofol 0.75 to 1.0 mg/kg i.v. Maintenance in the PB group was with propofol 0.25 mg/kg IV , repeated as necessary to maintain SL3 . in the PI group was with propofol 2 to 4 mg/kg/hr or 33 to 66 micrograms/kg/min to maintain SL3 . pressure , heart rate , respiratory rate , oxygen saturation , and sedation level were monitored each minute for 5 minutes and then at 5-minute intervals during the procedure . right atrial blood sample was taken for pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide at maximum sedation . sedation was achieved in all three groups . time to reach SL3 was significantly shorter in the PB group than in the PI and MZ groups ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 , respectively ) . and respiratory parameters were remarkably stable . recovery , as judged by spontaneous eye opening , response to commands , and ability to state date of birth , was significantly shorter in both the PB and PI groups than in the MZ group ( p < 0.0001 ) . recovery , as measured by sedation score at recovery entry , Aldrete score , and time to standing , was slower in the MZ group ( p < 0.05 for the MZ group vs. the PB and PI groups for sedation score and Aldrete score ; p < 0.05 for the MZ group vs. the PI group in time to standing ) . recovery , judged by digit symbol substitution tests , was significantly faster in the PB and PI groups ( p < 0.05 vs. the MZ group ) . , measured by picture recall , was significantly greater in the MZ group than in the PI and PB groups ( p < 0.05 ) . changes were measured on a visual analog scale . groups showed improvement . , headache , dizziness , blurred vision , appetite , tension , pain , depression , drowsiness , and ability to concentrate were evaluated in the preoperative and postoperative periods . frequency did not differ significantly between groups due to confounding factors such as postoperative chemotherapy and premedicant drugs . PI , PB , and MZ groups all gave excellent sedation for patients undergoing surgical procedures with local anesthesia . was greatest with midazolam , and recovery was more rapid with propofol ."
1684,Abstract #1684,"the clinical effect of removable lingual arch plus auxiliary spring for convenient dental ( especially mandibular ) arch expansion . patients with dental arch constriction complicated by mild dental crowding were enrolled in this study , including 9 requiring maxillary arch expansion and 8 necessitating mandibular expansion . patients were divided to two groups at random for arch expansion with removable lingual arch plus auxiliary spring and with Quad-helix , respectively , and the effect of arch expansion was compared between the two groups . 8 weeks of arch expansion , the average width of U4-U4 and U5-U5 in removable lingual arch group was enlarged by 2.2 mm and 3.0 mm , and that in Quad-helix group by 2.3 mm and 3.5 mm , respectively , showing no significant differences between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . 12 weeks of treatment , the average width of L4-L4 and L5-L5 in the former group was enlarged by 2.3 mm and 2.5 mm , respectively , significantly greater than that in the latter group ( 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm , P < 0.05 ) . lingual arch plus auxiliary spring allows significant expansion of the middle segment of the dental arch ( bicuspids ) , and can be more effective than Quad-helix for mandibular arch expansion ."
1685,Abstract #1685,"electric stimulation ( tES ) protocols are able to induce neuromodulation , offering important insights to focus and constrain theories of the relationship between brain and behavior . studies have shown that different types of tES ( i.e. , direct current stimulation - tDCS , and random noise stimulation - tRNS ) induce different facilitatory behavioral effects . to date is not clear which is the optimal timing to apply tES in relation to the induction of robust facilitatory effects . goal of this work was to investigate how different types of tES ( tDCS and tRNS ) can modulate behavioral performance in the healthy adult brain in relation to their timing of application . applied tES protocols before ( offline ) or during ( online ) the execution of a visual perceptual learning ( PL ) task . is a form of implicit memory that is characterized by an improvement in sensory discrimination after repeated exposure to a particular type of stimulus and is considered a manifestation of neural plasticity . aim was to understand if the timing of tES is critical for the induction of differential neuromodulatory effects in the primary visual cortex ( V1 ) . applied high-frequency tRNS , anodal tDCS and sham tDCS on V1 before or during the execution of an orientation discrimination task . experimental design was between subjects and performance was measured in terms of d' values . ideal timing of application varied depending on the stimulation type . facilitated task performance only when it was applied during task execution , whereas anodal tDCS induced a larger facilitation if it was applied before task execution . main result of this study is the finding that the timing of identical tES protocols yields opposite effects on performance . results provide important guidelines for designing neuromodulation induction protocols and highlight the different optimal timing of the two excitatory techniques ."
1686,Abstract #1686,"compare intraoperative hemorrhage and other operative parameters after laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy ( LAVH ) versus total abdominal hysterectomy ( TAH ) for benign gynecologic conditions . prospective , randomized , controlled trial . April 2010 and March 2011 , 50 Thai patients with strong indications for hysterectomy -- with uterine sizes 16 weeks of gravid uterus and with no contraindications for open or laparoscopic surgeries -- were randomly assigned for LAVH or TAH . blood loss , operating time , postoperative analgesic requirements , perioperative complications , and duration of hospitalization . blood loss was significantly less in the LAVH group ( median 120 mL [ range 50-300 ] ) than in the TAH group ( median 250 mL [ 105-800 ] ) ( median difference 130 mL , p < .001 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 55-200 ) . LAVH group required significantly less postoperative morphine sulfate administration ( median 3 mg [ range 0-12 ] ) than the TAH group ( 15 mg [ 6-24 ] ) ( median difference 9 mg , p < .001 , 95 % CI 9-12 ) . hospital stay for the LAVH group ( median 3 days ; range 2-7 ) was significantly shorter than that of the TAH group ( median 4 days ; range 4-5 ) ( median difference 2 days , p < .001 , 95 % CI 1-2 ) . operating time was comparable between the 2 groups ( median 100 minutes ; range 50-240 ) for the LAVH and 115 minutes ( range 60-200 ) for the TAH group ( median difference 5 minutes , p = .592 , 95 % CI -15 -25 ) . were no conversions from a LAVH to a laparotomy . LAVH has advantages over the TAH in that in the former there is less intraoperative blood loss , less postoperative morphine requirement , and a shorter duration of postoperative hospital stays ."
1687,Abstract #1687,"to time constraints that limit physician 's ability to deliver detailed contraception counseling , patients increasingly require supplemental education opportunities . for smartphones and tablets are being designed to educate patients about contraceptive methods and simplify communication between patient and provider . designed a mobile application entitled Plan A Birth Control to provide targeted information about the 10 most common , nonpermanent contraceptive methods with emphasis on long-acting reversible methods . developed a mobile application designed to provide tailored information about the 10 most common nonpermanent contraceptive methods . pilot testing with 40 volunteers from the clinic , 120 participants were recruited for a randomized controlled trial . ClinicalTrials.gov identifier : NCT02234271 ) Participants were assigned by simple randomization to contraception counseling via tablet or health educator . compared participants ' contraceptive choice between the 2 groups . outcomes included knowledge of the method of choice and satisfaction with counseling . the 120 participants in the primary study , 65 chose long-acting reversible methods . uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives was similar between the groups ( 34 received health educator counseling and 31 received mobile application counseling ) . groups were demographically similar in age and educational status . of long-acting methods did not differ significantly between the groups ( P = .30 ) . from our study suggest that Plan A Birth Control did not adversely affect highly effective birth control uptake in our study population . can save time for physicians and health educators if used as an adjunct to contraception counseling in waiting room settings ."
1688,Abstract #1688,"aim of this study was to compare the effects of 300 mg or 600 mg clopidogrel loading dose , prior to carotid artery stenting ( CAS ) on the number of transcranial Doppler ( TCD ) - detected microembolic signals ( MES ) and to investigate the relationship between the magnitude of platelet reactivity and MES . this prospective randomized , double-blind study , 35 consecutive asymptomatic patients ( 17.1 % females ) , scheduled for CAS and cardiac surgery were included . primary endpoint was the number of TCD-detected MES . secondary endpoints were the absolute magnitude of on-treatment platelet reactivity and the adverse cerebral events . binomial regression to find predictors for sum of single emboli , the student 's t-test to assess the association between platelet function tests and randomized dose of 300 mg or 600 mg clopidogrel , and the R2 calculation for the assessment of the association between platelet function tests and embolic load , were used . statistically significant difference in the number of TCD-detected MES , in the sum of all the single emboli or showers and platelet aggregation measurements between the two groups was observed ( aggregometry : 21.718.3 versus 2318 % , P = 0.8499 and 45.817.5 versus 46.514.5 % , P = 0.9003 ) ( verifyNow P2Y12 assay : 23193 PRU versus 22286 PRU , P = 0.7704 ) . one patient a transient ischemic attack occurred . loading dose of 300 mg of clopidogrel in combination with aspirin is as effective as 600 mg of clopidogrel in achieving adequate platelet inhibition and preventing periprocedural events in asymptomatic patients undergoing CAS prior to cardiac surgery ."
1689,Abstract #1689,"D is prevalent in youth worldwide , but the safety of vitamin D at doses exceeding 200 IU/d is unknown in this age group . assessed the safety of high doses of vitamin D ( 3 ) administered to apparently healthy schoolchildren . assess short-term safety , 25 subjects randomly received placebo or vitamin D ( 3 ) at doses of 14,000 IU/wk for 8 wk . assess long-term safety , 340 subjects randomly received placebo , vitamin D ( 3 ) as 1,400 IU/wk or 14,000 IU/wk for 1 yr . variables were monitored at 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 wk and 8 wk off therapy in the short-term study and at 0 , 6 , and 12 months in the long-term study . both the short - and long-term studies , mean serum calcium and 1,25-hydroxyvitamin levels did not change in any group . the short-term study , mean 25-hydroxyvitamin concentrations increased from 44 ( + / - 11 ) to 54 ( + / - 19 ) ng/ml in the treated groups ( P = 0.033 ) . the long-term study , mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased from 15 + / - 8 to 19 + / - 7 ng/ml ( P < 0.0001 ) in subjects receiving 1,400 IU/wk and from 15 + / - 7 to 36 + / - 22 ng/ml ( P < 0.0001 ) in the group receiving 14,000 IU/wk . subject developed vitamin D intoxication . D ( 3 ) at doses equivalent to 2000 IU/d for 1 yr is safe in adolescents and results in desirable vitamin D levels ."
1690,Abstract #1690,"papillary balloon dilation ( EPBD ) is assumed to preserve sphincter of Oddi function because it causes little trauma to the papilla . , few studies have addressed this issue specifically . this study , we investigated whether EPBD can preserve sphincter function , and evaluated whether or not such preservation has clinical significance . patients with common bile duct ( CBD ) stones were randomly assigned to EPBD or endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST ) . of Oddi ( SO ) function was measured by endoscopic manometry before , one week after , and one year after treatment . of pneumobilia and later complications were compared between the two groups at one year . manometric data were compared within each group and between the two groups . a more detailed analysis of the cumulative incidence of later complications , retrospective cohorts were added to the study groups , giving a total number of 235 patients in the EPBD group and 126 in the EST group . characteristics did not differ significantly between the 35 EPBD and 35 EST patients . stones were discharged successfully in all cases . pressure , SO basal and peak pressures , and contraction frequency decreased significantly at one week in both groups . damage was more severe in the EST group , and SO contraction completely disappeared in 23 patients in this group . incidence of pneumobilia was significantly lower in the EPBD group than in the EST group ( p < 0.01 ) whereas CBD stones recurred and cholecystitis appeared at a similar rate in both groups at one year . complete series of manometric data up to one year was obtained in 55 patients ; 28 in the post-EPBD and 27 in post-EST groups . the post-EPBD group , SO basal and peak pressures significantly recovered at one year compared with data at one week but these measures still remained significantly lower than those before EPBD ( p < 0.01 ) . the post-EST group , SO contraction did not recover even after one year . Kaplan-Meier analysis of 235 EPBD and 126 EST patients for a median follow up of 37 months revealed significantly lower incidences of biliary complications such as recurrent CBD stones and cholangitis , and cholecystitis in the EPBD group than in the EST group ( p < 0.05 ) . risk of pneumobilia was also significantly lower in the EPBD group ( p < 0.01 ) . of papillary function after EPBD was not complete but remained somewhat reduced . , preservation was more successful with EPBD than with EST. . preservation may be clinically beneficial for the prevention of later complications ."
1691,Abstract #1691,", an effective H1-receptor antagonist , is a racemate mixture of two enantiomers : levocetirizine ( R enantiomer ) and dextrocetirizine ( S enantiomer ) . investigate the pharmacologic activity of the two enantiomers of cetirizine , we conducted a randomized , double-blind , four-way , crossover study to assess the effect of treatment with 5 mg levocetirizine , 5 mg dextrocetirizine , and 10 mg cetirizine and matched placebo , on histamine-induced changes in the nasal airways of 24 healthy volunteers . hours after a single oral intake , all subjects were challenged by nasal aerosol application with increasing doubling concentrations ( from 0.25 to 32 mg/ml ) of histamine in both nostrils . resistance was measured by passive anterior rhinomanometry ( PAR ) , and changes in histamine threshold were calculated together with the absolute number of sneezes after each challenge . levocetirizine and cetirizine significantly attenuated the histamine-induced increase in nasal airway resistance by nearly 50 % ( from a median resistance of 2.51 Pa per cm3/s to 1.29 and 1.31 Pa per cm3/s , respectively ) at the maximal concentration , and they concomitantly increased the histamine threshold by fourfold ( from 8 to 32 mg/ml ) , compared with placebo . was also attenuated by both levocetirizine and cetirizine . , these antihistaminic effects were not seen with dextrocetirizine . study shows a similar activity of levocetirizine and cetirizine on the inhibition of histamine-induced increase in nasal resistance , indicating that the antihistaminic properties of cetirizine are probably attributable to levocetirizine ."
1692,Abstract #1692,"compare the short-term effects of preserved and unpreserved topical levofloxacin on the ocular surface of preoperative patients with age-related cataracts . was a prospective , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group study . who were going to undergo cataract surgery received either preserved topical levofloxacin ( with 0.01 % benzododecinium bromide [ BOB ] ) or unpreserved topical levofloxacin instilled 4 times per day in a short-term course preoperatively . immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) for MUC5AC , symptom scoring , tear film break-up time ( BUT ) , corneal fluorescein staining , Schirmer I test , and conjunctival impression cytology were performed before and after the medication . patients ( 62 eyes ) who completed the final evaluation were included in the data analysis . the medication , there was no statistically significant difference ( p > .05 ) between the 2 groups in terms of all the subjective symptoms and objective tests . the medication , no statistically significant difference ( p > .05 ) was observed in the scoring of each symptom between the 2 groups . regard to BUT , corneal fluorescein staining , Schirmer I test , and conjunctival impression cytology , the 2 groups also demonstrated similar results and showed no significant difference ( p > .05 ) . addition , the amounts of MUC5AC in the tear samples of patients with preexisting BUT 5 seconds were similar in the 2 groups and no significant difference was found ( p > .05 ) . the short-term effects on the ocular surface of patients with age-related cataracts , no clinically and statistically significant differences were observed between topical levofloxacin preserved with BOB and its unpreserved counterpart ."
1693,Abstract #1693,"assess the relative cost effectiveness of escitalopram compared with venlafaxine XR in patients with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) . economic evaluation was conducted alongside a double-blind , multinational , randomised clinical trial and examined the costs and quality of life of 251 patients taking escitalopram versus venlafaxine . fulfilling criteria for MDD were randomised to receive oral escitalopram 10-20 mg/day or venlafaxine 75-150 mg/day for 8 weeks . outcomes ( EuroQOL questionnaire , Quality of Life Depression Scale ) , use of medical services and absence from work ( relating to the previous 3 months ) were recorded at baseline , with repeated measurements at week 8 . costs in year values were applied to the resource utilisation data . cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using the EuroQOL score as the effectiveness measure . perspective was that of the healthcare payer , with a societal perspective considered in a sensitivity analysis . significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes ( vs baseline ) were observed in both groups after 8 weeks ' treatment . treated with escitalopram tended to report fewer problems on the EuroQOL dimensions than venlafaxine recipients . per-patient costs in euros ( euro , year 2003 values ) for the escitalopram group , compared with the venlafaxine group , were 32 % lower ( 110 euros vs 161euros ) from a healthcare perspective , although this was not a statistically significant difference . were related to lower drug acquisition costs and fewer hospitalisations for escitalopram than venlafaxine recipients . multivariate model adjusting for baseline characteristics showed that escitalopram reduced direct costs compared with venlafaxine ( p = 0.007 ) . distributions of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios also showed similar effectiveness but lower costs for escitalopram compared with venlafaxine . of indirect costs led to similar results . prospective economic analysis suggests that escitalopram has similar effectiveness to venlafaxine in the treatment of MDD , but may be associated with lower healthcare costs . findings are consistent with previously published economic evaluations ."
1694,Abstract #1694,"assess effects of long-term anemia management on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) not on dialysis , we performed secondary outcome analyses of a randomized controlled study that evaluated effects of anemia management with erythropoiesis stimulating agents in this population . [ hemoglobin ( Hb ) < 10.0 g/dL , 2.0 serum creatinine < 6.0 mg/dL ] were randomized either to high Hb ( 11.0 target Hb 13.0 g/dL with darbepoetin alfa ) , or to low Hb group ( 9.0 target Hb 11.0 g/dL with recombinant human erythropoietin ) , and followed up to 48 weeks . from echocardiographic evaluation and values of neurohumoral factors associated with heart failure were assessed in subjects whose data were evaluable both at the baseline and at the end point . high Hb group achieved target range Hb levels ( 12.1 1.1 g/dL , at 32 weeks , N = 111 ) , which was significantly higher ( p < 0.001 ) than the low Hb group ( N = 95 ) . blood pressure and renal function changes were similar between the groups , left ventricular diastolic dimension was significantly decreased only in the high Hb group ( p < 0.001 ) , and the change in left ventricular mass index ( LVMI ) correlated coarsely but significantly with the achieved Hb levels ( r = 0.147 , p = 0.032 ) . higher Hb levels were associated with greater reduction in LVMI and left ventricular wall thickness , and the lower Hb levels with the greater increase in human arterial - or brain natriuretic polypeptide levels . correction targeting modestly higher Hb levels better preserves cardiac function in CKD patients not on dialysis ."
1695,Abstract #1695,"short and long sleep duration have frequently been found to be associated with an increased risk for diabetes . aim of the present exploratory analysis was to examine the association between sleep duration and type 2 diabetes after lifestyle intervention in overweight individuals with impaired glucose tolerance in a 7-year prospective follow-up . total of 522 individuals ( aged 40-64 years ) were randomly allocated either to an intensive diet-exercise counseling group or to a control group . incidence during follow-up was calculated according to sleep duration at baseline . duration was obtained for a 24-h period . activity , dietary intakes , body weight , and immune mediators ( C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 ) were measured . between sleep duration and treatment group was statistically significant ( P = 0.003 ) . the control group , the adjusted hazard ratios ( HRs ) ( 95 % CI ) for diabetes were 2.29 ( 1.38-3 .80 ) and 2.74 ( 1.67-4 .50 ) in the sleep duration groups 9-9 .5 h and > or = 10 h , respectively , compared with for that of the 7-8 .5 h group . contrast , sleep duration did not influence the incidence of diabetes in the intervention group ; for sleep duration groups 9-9 .5 h and > or = 10 h , the adjusted HRs ( 95 % CI ) were 1.10 ( 0.60-2 .01 ) and 0.73 ( 0.34-1 .56 ) , respectively , compared with that in the reference group ( 7-8 .5 h sleep ) . intervention resulted in similar improvement in body weight , insulin sensitivity , and immune mediator levels regardless of sleep duration . sleep duration is associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk . intervention with the aim of weight reduction , healthy diet , and increased physical activity may ameliorate some of this excess risk ."
1696,Abstract #1696,"( ARV ) - based pre-exposure prophylaxis ( PrEP ) is a promising new HIV prevention strategy . , variable levels of adherence have yielded mixed results across several PrEP trials and populations . is not clear how taking ARV - traditionally used for HIV treatment - is perceived and how that perception may affect the use of these products as preventives . explored the views and experiences of VOICE participants , their male partners and community members regarding the use of ARV as PrEP in the VOICE trial and the implications of these shared meanings for adherence . was a qualitative ancillary study conducted at the Johannesburg site of VOICE , a multisite , double-blind , placebo-controlled randomised trial testing tenofovir gel , oral tenofovir and oral Truvada for HIV PrEP . interviewed 102 randomly selected female VOICE participants , 22 male partners and 40 community members through in-depth interviews , serial ethnography , or focus group discussions . interviews were audiotaped , transcribed , translated and coded thematically for analysis . concept of ARV for prevention was understood to varying degrees across all study groups . majority of VOICE participants understood that the products contained ARV , more so for the tablets than for the gel . participants knew they were HIV negative , ARV was associated with illness . partners and community members echoed these sentiments , highlighting confusion between treatment and prevention . that they would be mistakenly identified as HIV positive , VOICE participants often concealed use of or hid their study products . occasionally led to relationship conflicts or early trial termination . stigma and its association with ARV , especially the tablets , was articulated in rumour and gossip in the community , the workplace and the household . ARV were recognised as potent and beneficial medications , transforming the AIDS body from sickness to health , they were regarded as potentially harmful for those uninfected . participants and others in the trial community struggled to conceptualise the idea of using ARV for prevention . possibly influenced willingness to adopt ARV-based prevention in the VOICE clinical trial . investments should be made to increase community understanding of ARV for prevention and to mitigate pervasive HIV stigma ."
1697,Abstract #1697,"clinical research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three peroxide-containing tooth whitening products having different peroxide delivery . total of 43 healthy adults who met entrance criteria were randomly assigned to either a dual-phase , anticavity , 1 % hydrogen peroxide dentifrice with a manganese gluconate activator , an 18 % carbamide peroxide paint-on gel , or a 5 % carbamide peroxide professional custom tray system . manufacturer 's instructions , the activated dentifrice was used at least twice daily for two minutes , while the paint-on gel was applied twice daily . custom tray , a barrier system and the experimental control for this study , was worn continuously for six to eight hours daily . color ( L * a * b * ) was measured on the maxillary anterior teeth from standard digital images , while safety was assessed from examination and subject report . Day 15 , the custom tray group had a significant ( p < 0.002 ) reduction in yellowness and increased lightness , with adjusted mean ( SE ) deltab * of -1.83 ( 0.210 ) and deltaL * of 1.45 ( 0.292 ) . custom tray group experienced on average greater color improvement compared to either the paint-on gel or activated peroxide whitening dentifrice , differing significantly ( p < 0.01 ) from either of the barrier-free systems with respect to deltab * , deltaL * , deltaE * , and deltaW * . comparison , 14-days ' use of the paint-on gel and activated dentifrice did not result in significant ( p > 0.10 ) color improvements from baseline for deltab * , deltaL * , or deltaW * , with these two barrier-free systems not differing significantly ( p > 0.26 ) with respect to any individual or composite color parameters . sensitivity and oral irritation were the most common safety findings in the tray and dentifrice groups ( there were no adverse events in the paint-on group ) , and no subject discontinued treatment early because of a treatment-related adverse event . head-to-head 14-day testing , a low concentration ( 5 % carbamide peroxide ) barrier-based tray system yielded superior tooth color improvement compared to two barrier-free delivery systems-an 18 % carbamide peroxide paint-on gel and a 1 % hydrogen peroxide dentifrice with a metal activator ."
1698,Abstract #1698,"prefrontal cortex may be a promising target for the use of transcranial direct current stimulation ( tDCS ) in the management of pain symptoms . present study explored the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the effects of perceived pain controllability . participants received continuous anodal or cathodal tDCS and underwent a laboratory pain task designed to manipulate the perception of pain control . were told that they would be completing a reaction-time task ( press keyboard button of corresponding arrow shown on computer screen with either green or red background ) . thermal pain stimulus was delivered following each trial by a thermode placed on the participant 's left forearm . pain stimuli were pseudorandomally ordered and matched for total duration between control ( green ) and noncontrol ( red ) trials , participants were told that if they responded correctly and more quickly on green trials than their average reaction times , the thermal pain stimulus duration would be decreased ( ie , perceived control ) . were told they had no control of pain stimulus duration over trials presented with the red background . was a significant main effect for tDCS condition ( anode vs. cathode ) on pain unpleasantness ratings ( P < 0.04 ) . , individuals receiving cathodal tDCS reported higher pain unpleasantness ratings ( least squares mean = 69.40 , SE = 3.72 ) , whereas those receiving anodal tDCS reported lower pain unpleasantness ratings ( least squares mean = 58.05 , SE = 3.81 ) . analysis revealed a simple main effect for tDCS group at the level of perceived controllability ( P < 0.02 ) . addition , participants receiving cathodal tDCS subjectively reported feeling less control of the painful stimuli than those receiving anodal tDCS . dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tDCS may play a role in modulating the neurocircuitry involved with the perception of control over pain ."
1699,Abstract #1699,"evaluate the safety and efficacy of tadalafil on demand and on time in men with erectile dysfunction . conducted a multi-centered randomized controlled study on 120 ED males , who were assigned to take tadalafil at 10 mg / 20 mg on demand before sexual activity and at the same dose on time twice a week for 8 weeks . and at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment , and 1 month after withdrawal , we obtained the scores on IIEF-5 , ED Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction ( EDITS ) and the short form of Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales ( SF-PAIRS ) , and compared the safety and efficacy of medication between the two groups of patients . , 110 patients accomplished the trial , 56 in the on-time and 54 in the on-demand group . 4 and 8 weeks of medication and 1 month after withdrawal , the IIEF-5 scores were improved in both the on-time and on-demand groups , even more significantly in the former than in the latter at 8 weeks of treatment ( 21.6 + / - 2.9 vs 18.5 + / - 1.7 ) and 1 month after withdrawal ( 20.9 + / - 2.1 vs 17.9 + / - 2.3 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . EDITS scores were significantly higher in the on-time than in the on-demand group at 8 weeks of treatment ( 31.7 + / - 6.9 vs 28.6 + / - 5.8 ) and 1 month after withdrawal ( 30.6 + / - 4.7 vs 27.9 + / - 6.5 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . scores on the sexual self-confidence , spontaneity and time-concern domains of SF-PAIRS were remarkably improved after medication as compared with the baseline ( P < 0.05 ) , even more significantly in the on-time than in the on-demand group at 1 month after withdrawal . dosing schedules were well tolerated and no significant differences were observed in safety between the two groups . dosing of tadalafil is efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of ED , and has an even better effect than on-demand dosing at 8 weeks of medication and 1 month after withdrawal ."
1700,Abstract #1700,"designing this trial , there was no evidence that salvage chemotherapy ( SLC ) in advanced gastric cancer ( AGC ) resulted in substantial prolongation of survival when compared with best supportive care ( BSC ) . , SLC is often offered to pretreated patients with AGC for anecdotal reasons . with AGC with one or two prior chemotherapy regimens involving both fluoropyrimidines and platinum and with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ( PS ) 0 or 1 were randomly assigned in a ratio of 2:1 to SLC plus BSC or BSC alone . of SLC-either docetaxel 60 mg/m ( 2 ) every 3 weeks or irinotecan 150 mg/m ( 2 ) every 2 weeks-was left to the discretion of investigators . end point was overall survival ( OS ) . OS was 5.3 months among 133 patients in the SLC arm and 3.8 months among 69 patients in the BSC arm ( hazard ratio , 0.657 ; 95 % CI , 0.485 to 0.891 ; one-sided P = .007 ) . benefit for SLC was consistent in most of the prospectively defined subgroups , including age , PS , number of prior treatments , metastatic sites , hemoglobin levels , and response to prior chemotherapy . was generally well tolerated , and adverse events were similar in the SLC and BSC arms . found no median OS difference between docetaxel and irinotecan ( 5.2 v 6.5 months ; P = .116 ) . our knowledge , this is the largest phase III trial comparing SLC plus BSC with BSC alone in AGC . pretreated patients , SLC is tolerated and significantly improves OS when added to BSC ."
1701,Abstract #1701,"lumbar puncture with leukemic blasts ( TLP + ) , which has been reported to occur 5-10 % , in the previous studies , adversely affects the outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) . on the results from our previous study , we deferred the initial lumbar puncture until day 8 in remission induction therapy in order to reduce the frequency of cases with TLP + . study was conducted as a prospective cohort study within the Tokyo Children 's Cancer Study Group ( TCCSG ) L99-15 study . April 1999 and June 2003 , 754 children with newly diagnosed ALL enrolled . patients received the initial intrathecal chemotherapy after 7 days of prednisolone treatment . incidence of central nervous system ( CNS ) - positive ( the presence of leukemic blasts in cerebrospinal fluid or cranial nerve palsy ) including TLP + cases and cumulative incidence of CNS relapse were examined . incidence of CNS-positive and TLP + was 2.9 % ( n = 22 ) and 0.8 % ( n = 6 ) , respectively . incidences were much lower than those in the representative study groups employing the initial IT on day 1 . 22 patients with CNS-positive , only one patient relapsed in CNS , whereas 22 of the remaining CNS-negative 723 patients suffered from CNS relapse . , event-free survival at 4 year was 78.2 1.6 % . cumulative incidence of any CNS relapse was 3.3 0.7 % , which improved from our previous study in spite of limiting the use of cranial irradiation . strategy reduced the frequency of CNS-positive patients who required reinforcement of CNS-directed therapy without compromising overall outcome ."
1702,Abstract #1702,"describe isoniazid-related adverse events in Thibela TB , a cluster-randomized study of community-wide isoniazid preventive therapy ( IPT ) among gold miners in South Africa , where HIV prevalence is estimated at 30 % . employees were screened prior to IPT for active tuberculosis and increased risk of isoniazid toxicity using a questionnaire and chest radiograph . IPT-related adverse events were sought at each study visit : liver function tests were only performed if clinically indicated . a substudy , we questioned consecutive participants at baseline and months 1 , 3 , and 6 concerning minor IPT-related adverse events . 24,221 participants ( 95.2 % men , median age 40 years ) , 130 individuals had 132 study-defined adverse events ( 0.54 % ) ; 61 ( 0.25 % ) possible hypersensitivity rash , 50 ( 0.21 % ) peripheral neuropathy , 17 ( 0.07 % ) clinical hepatotoxicity , and four ( 0.02 % ) convulsions . events ( two hepatotoxicity , one fatal , and two convulsions ) fulfilled criteria for seriousness . hepatotoxicity was associated with consumption of alcohol [ 0.11 vs. 0.03 % if no alcohol consumed , odds ratio 3.9 ( 95 % confidence interval 1.2-12 .1 ) ] , but not with sex , age , weight , or concurrent antiretroviral therapy . the substudy , 324 of 498 ( 65.1 % ) participants reported better health since starting IPT ; 180 of 324 ( 55.6 % ) reported that this was because of increased appetite . frequency of specific minor symptoms was low among those taking IPT , and all symptoms were reported less often than at baseline . risk of adverse events , particularly hepatotoxicity , was very low in this population . data suggest that clinical criteria can safely be used for screening prior to and monitoring during IPT ."
1703,Abstract #1703,"of its enhanced pharmacokinetic characteristics , ibuprofen arginate might be expected to provide faster pain relief than standard ibuprofen formulations in patients experiencing acute pain . study assessed the analgesic efficacy , speed of onset , and tolerability of ibuprofen arginate compared with a commercially available form of ibuprofen in patients with postoperative dental pain . were randomized to receive ibuprofen arginate 200 or 400 mg , ibuprofen 200 or 400 mg , or placebo in this multicenter , double-blind , double-dummy , parallel-group trial . were observed for 6 hours after administration of a single dose of study medication . repeated-dose , open-label phase followed . intensity and pain relief were measured using traditional verbal descriptor scales ; onset of analgesia was assessed using 2 stopwatches to measure the time to achievement of specific pain relief criteria . total of 498 patients ( 219 men , 279 women ; mean age , 21.5 years ) participated in this study . pain was moderate in 388 patients ( 78 % ) and severe in 110 patients ( 22 % ) . pain relief was reached after a median of 29 and 28 minutes with ibuprofen arginate 200 and 400 mg , respectively , and after 52 and 44 minutes with ibuprofen 200 and 400 mg , respectively ( all , P < 0.05 ) . percentages of patients who achieved meaningful pain relief within the first hour after treatment were 77.6 % and 83.7 % for ibuprofen arginate 200 and 400 mg , respectively , 61.0 % and 63.0 % for ibuprofen 200 and 400 mg , respectively , and 39.8 % for placebo . differences between ibuprofen arginate and ibuprofen were statistically significant ( both doses , P < 0.05 ) . greater numbers of patients achieved meaningful pain relief with ibuprofen arginate 400 mg compared with placebo from 20 minutes through 6 hours and with ibuprofen arginate 200 mg from 30 minutes through 6 hours ( P < 0.05 ) . with placebo , a greater number of patients achieved meaningful pain relief with ibuprofen 400 mg from 45 minutes through 6 hours ; with ibuprofen 200 mg . corresponding interval was from I through 6 hours . the first hour , pain reduction was similar for the similar doses of the 2 ibuprofen preparations . remedication times with both doses of ibuprofen arginate were similar to those with both doses of ibuprofen , ranging from 4.0 to 5.2 hours . profiles were similar between the 2 active medications . arginate was effective in this population of patients experiencing moderate to severe pain after surgical extraction of > or = 1 impacted third molar , with 16 to 24 minutes ' faster time to meaningful pain relief than with ibuprofen . 2 formulations had similar tolerability profiles ."
1704,Abstract #1704,"evaluate the effects of acetaminophen , naproxen , and acetylsalicylic acid on the pharmacokinetics of the centrally acting analgesic tapentadol in healthy subjects . randomized , open-label , crossover , drug-drug interaction studies . research facilities in the United States and Belgium . healthy adults ( 2-way crossover study ) and 38 healthy adults ( 3-way crossover study ) . both studies , tapentadol immediate release ( IR ) 80 mg was administered as a single oral dose alone . the 2-way crossover study , tapentadol IR was also given with the fifth of seven doses of acetaminophen 1000 mg ; in the 3-way crossover study , tapentadol IR was also given with the third of four doses of naproxen 500 mg and the second of two doses of acetylsalicylic acid 325 mg . treatments were separated by a washout period of 7-14 days . , mean serum concentrations were similar after administration of tapentadol IR alone and after coadministration with acetaminophen or acetylsalicylic acid , and the 90 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) for the ratios of the mean area under the serum concentration-time curve ( AUC ) from time zero to time of the last measurable concentration ( AUC ( 0-t ) ) and from time zero extrapolated to infinity ( AUC ( 0-infinity ) ) and the maximum serum concentration ( C ( max ) ) of the combined treatments to those parameters of tapentadol alone were well within 80-125 % , representing the accepted range for bioequivalence . of naproxen did not significantly alter the C ( max ) of tapentadol , although a slightly higher serum tapentadol exposure relative to tapentadol alone was observed . of naproxen resulted in a mean increase of 17 % in AUCs , and the upper limits of the 90 % CIs for the ratios of the mean AUC ( 0-t ) and AUC ( 0-infinity ) were slightly outside the upper limit of bioequivalence range of 80-125 % ( 126.47 % AUC ( 0-t ) and 126.14 % AUC ( 0-infinity ) ) . clinically relevant changes were noted in the serum concentrations of tapentadol , and accordingly , no dosage adjustments with respect to the investigated pharmacokinetic mechanism of interaction are warranted for the administration of tapentadol given concomitantly with acetaminophen , naproxen , or acetylsalicylic acid ."
1705,Abstract #1705,"compare and contrast 2 methods of quantitating papilledema , namely , optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) and Modified Frisn Scale ( MFS ) . optic disc photographs and OCT fast retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness , fast RNFL map , total retinal thickness , and fast disc images were obtained in 36 patients with papilledema . optic disc photographs were randomized and graded by 4 masked expert reviewers using the MFS . performed Spearman rank correlations of OCT RNFL thickness , OCT total retinal thickness , and MFS grade from photographs . RNFL thickness and MFS grade from photographs correlated well ( R = 0.85 ) . total retinal thickness and MFS grade from photographs had a similar correlation of 0.87 . OCT RNFL thickness with OCT total retinal thickness , a slope of 1.64 suggests a greater degree of papilledema thickness change when using the latter . lower-grade abnormalities , OCT compares favorably with clinical staging of optic nerve photographs . higher grades , OCT RNFL thickness processing algorithms often fail , with OCT total retinal thickness performing more favorably ."
1706,Abstract #1706,"who have completed Phase II cardiac rehabilitation have low rates of maintenance of exercise after program completion , despite the importance of sustaining regular exercise to prevent future cardiac events . efficacy of a home-based intervention to support exercise maintenance among patients who had completed Phase II cardiac rehabilitation versus contact control was evaluated . RCT was used to evaluate the intervention . were collected in 2005-2010 and analyzed in 2010 . hundred thirty patients ( mean age = 63.6 years [ SD = 9.7 ] , 20.8 % female ) were randomized to exercise counseling ( Maintenance Counseling group , n = 64 ) or contact control ( Contact Control group , n = 66 ) . Counseling group participants received a 6-month program of exercise counseling ( based on the transtheoretical model and social cognitive theory ) delivered via telephone , as well as print materials and feedback reports . of physical activity ( 7-Day Physical Activity Recall ) , motivational readiness for exercise , lipids , and physical functioning were conducted at baseline , 6 months , and 12 months . accelerometer data were collected at the same time points . was assessed via maximal exercise stress tests at baseline and 6 months . Maintenance Counseling group reported significantly higher exercise participation than the Contact Control group at 12 months ( difference of 80 minutes , 95 % CI = 22 , 137 ) . differences in exercise at 6 months were nonsignificant . intervention significantly increased the probability of participants ' exercising at or above physical activity guidelines and attenuated regression in motivational readiness versus the Contact Control Group at 6 and 12 months . physical functioning was significantly higher in the Maintenance Counseling group at 12 months . group differences were seen in fitness at 6 months or lipid measures at 6 and 12 months . telephone-based intervention can help maintain exercise , prevent regression in motivational readiness for exercise , and improve physical functioning in this patient population ."
1707,Abstract #1707,"determine whether there is an association between a woman 's exposure to direct-to-consumer ( DTC ) advertisements for 2 osteoporosis drugs and presentation for bone densitometry . matched case-control study was conducted between October and December 1998 at an academic primary care clinic in Seattle , WA . women from the study population ( aged > / = 18 y , seen in the previous 2 y at the academic primary care clinic ) presented for bone densitometry . 51 women completed a self-administered questionnaire . familiar with 1 of 2 osteoporosis drugs due to exposure to advertisements had 9 times the odds of densitometry ( unadjusted OR 9.3 , 95 % CI 1.0 to 86 ) . analysis , including confounders such as education level and whether a woman had previously had 3 screening tests ( mammography , Pap smear , serum cholesterol ) , revealed a significant and strong association between exposure to advertisements and densitometry ( adjusted OR 29 , 95 % CI 1.6 to 511 ) . marketing may increase health services utilization . independent evaluation of DTC marketing based on available observational evidence is feasible and warranted ."
1708,Abstract #1708,"report baseline results of a community-based randomized trial for improved neonatal survival in Quang Ninh province , Vietnam ( NeoKIP ; ISRCTN44599712 ) . NeoKIP trial seeks to evaluate a method of knowledge implementation called facilitation through group meetings at local health centres with health staff and community key persons . is a participatory enabling approach that , if successful , is well suited for scaling up within health systems . aim of this baseline report is to describe perinatal services provided and neonatal outcomes . of all health facility registers of service utilization , maternal deaths , stillbirths and neonatal deaths during 2005 in the province . group interviews of village health workers from all communes . Geographic Information System database was also established . quarters of pregnant women had 3 visits to antenatal care . hundred and five health facilities , including 18 hospitals , provided delivery care , ranging from 1 to 3258 deliveries/year . there were 17 519 births and 284 neonatal deaths in the province . mortality rate was 16/1000 live births , ranging from 10 to 44/1000 in the different districts , with highest rates in the mountainous parts of the province . 8 % had home deliveries without skilled attendance , but those deliveries resulted in one-fifth of the neonatal deaths . relatively good coverage of perinatal care was found in a Vietnamese province , but neonatal mortality varied markedly with geography and level of care . remaining small proportion of home deliveries generated a substantial part of mortality ."
1709,Abstract #1709,"is widely used in obstetrics and gynaecology for medical abortion , cervical priming and induction of labour . aid the design of effective and safe regimens , we have investigated the pharmacokinetic parameters after the vaginal or sublingual administration of repeated doses of 400 microg of misoprostol . undergoing termination of pregnancy by suction evacuation were randomized to receive 400 microg of sublingual or vaginal misoprostol every 3 h for five doses . blood was taken at 180 , 200 , 240 , 360 , 380 , 420 , 540 , 560 , 600 , 720 , 740 , 780 and 900 min after the first dose of misoprostol for determination of the plasma level of misoprostol acid ( MPA ) . peak plasma levels of MPA decreased with successive doses of vaginal misoprostol , whereas the peak plasma levels were similar with successive doses of sublingual misoprostol . the third dose , the peak plasma levels of MPA after sublingual misoprostol were significantly higher than those after vaginal administration . the final dose , the area under the MPA concentration-time curve after sublingual administration was significantly higher than that after vaginal misoprostol ( P < 0.031 ) . , subgroup analysis in the vaginal administration group showed that the progressive decline in the peak plasma levels of MPA occurred only in women with significant vaginal bleeding . peak plasma level of MPA after each dose of misoprostol is higher and the bioavailability is also greater after sublingual administration , compared with that after vaginal administration , of repeated doses of misoprostol . difference was probably due to the reduction in absorption of vaginal misoprostol in the presence of significant vaginal bleeding ."
1710,Abstract #1710,"study determined which baseline clinical measurements best predicted a predefined clinically meaningful outcome on the Motor Activity Log ( MAL ) and developed a predictive multivariate model to determine outcome after 2 weeks of constraint-induced movement therapy ( CIMT ) and 12 months later using the database from participants in the Extremity Constraint Induced Therapy Evaluation ( EXCITE ) Trial . clinically meaningful CIMT outcome was defined as achieving higher than 3 on the MAL Quality of Movement ( QOM ) scale . variables included baseline MAL , Wolf Motor Function Test ( WMFT ) , the sensory and motor portion of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment ( FMA ) , spasticity , visual perception , age , gender , type of stroke , concordance , and time after stroke . predictors identified by univariate analysis were used to develop the multivariate model . equations were generated and odds ratios for predictors were calculated from the multivariate model . motor function measured by MAL QOM , WMFT , and FMA were significantly associated with outcome immediately after CIMT . MAL QOM , WMFT , proprioception , and age were significantly associated with outcome after 12 months . unit of higher pretreatment MAL QOM score and each unit of faster pretreatment WMFT log mean time improved the probability of achieving a clinically meaningful outcome by 7 and 3 times at posttreatment , and 5 and 2 times after 12 months , respectively . with impaired proprioception had a 20 % probability of achieving a clinically meaningful outcome compared with those with intact proprioception . clinical measures of motor and sensory function can be used to predict a clinically meaningful outcome after CIMT ."
1711,Abstract #1711,"review the worldwide safety data for budesonide inhalation suspension ( Pulmicort Respules ) to provide a budesonide inhalation suspension pediatric tolerability profile . study data were obtained from AstraZeneca safety databases used by the US Food and Drug Administration to support the approval of budesonide inhalation suspension and from postmarketing surveillance reports ( January 1 , 1990 , through June 30 , 2002 ) . parallel-group studies of patients with asthma 18 years and younger . data for budesonide inhalation suspension were pooled from 3 US , 12-week , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled studies ( n = 1,018 ) ; data from their open-label extensions ( n = 670 ) were pooled with data from a fourth US open-label study ( n = 335 ) . for 333 patients 18 years and younger enrolled in 5 non-US studies also were analyzed . posterior subcapsular cataracts were reported in any study , and the frequencies of oropharyngeal events and infection with budesonide inhalation suspension were comparable with those of reference treatments . increased risk of varicella or upper respiratory tract infection was apparent , and budesonide inhalation suspension did not cause significant adrenal suppression in studies assessing this variable . were small differences in short-term growth velocity between children who received budesonide inhalation suspension and those who received reference treatment in 2 of 5 trials that evaluated this variable . increased risk of adverse events was apparent from postmarketing reports . - and long-term treatment with budesonide inhalation suspension , using a wide range of doses , is safe and well tolerated in children with asthma ."
1712,Abstract #1712,"purpose of this study is to examine implementation of a randomized clinical trial and within treatment behavior when AA is included as an element of treatment . attention is given to the measurement of compliance , use of treatment skills , and the nature and extent of involvement with AA during the active phase of treatment . , 90 male alcoholics and their female partners seeking conjoint , outpatient behavioral alcoholism treatment , were randomly assigned to one of three treatments : alcohol-focused behavioral marital therapy ( ABMT ) , ABMT plus AA/Alanon ( AA/ABMT ) , or ABMT plus relapse prevention ( RP/ABMT ) . treatment data are reported for the 68 couples who completed at least five treatment sessions . included : treatment attrition , number of treatment sessions , attendance at AA and Alanon , use of AA and Alanon skills , compliance with homework assignments and drinking during treatment . aspects of within treatment behavior were examined : ( 1 ) Attrition : There was no differential attrition across treatment conditions , with 24.4 % of couples discontinuing treatment prior to the fifth session . 2 ) AA and Alanon attendance : Subjects in the AA/ABMT treatment were more likely to attend AA ( 91.7 % attended at least one AA meeting ; 58.3 % attended at least one Alanon meeting ) than were subjects in the other treatment conditions ( 18 % attended at least one AA meeting and 14 % at least one Alanon meeting ) . in the AA/ABMT condition attended significantly more AA and Alanon meetings than did subjects in the other treatment conditions . 3 ) Homework compliance : Subjects generally showed no differences in compliance with homework assignments , but spouses in the AA/ABMT condition completed less condition-specific homework ( 37.2 % , versus 67.8 % for the RP/ABMT spouses ) because of low utilization of Alanon . 4 ) Use of AA-related skills : Subjects reported using AA-related skills more frequently in the AA/ABMT condition than in the other treatment conditions . 5 ) Patterns of attendance : Analyses of AA attendance during treatment revealed three patterns : positive attendance , characterized by regular AA attendance or increasing use of AA across treatment ; negative attendance , characterized by decreased AA attendance over time ; and nonattendance , characterized by none or infrequent and erratic attendance . clinical trials can be used to study AA . of multiple measures of treatment compliance and examination of patterns of AA utilization use over time provide more complex views of the patterns of involvement with AA than do simple descriptive reports of attendance ."
1713,Abstract #1713,"use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators ( ICDs ) has been proven effective in the prevention of sudden cardiac death ( SCD ) and constitutes standard of care in appropriate populations . a pressure sensing system with ICD therapy represents the first attempt to provide continuous hemodynamic monitoring using a device previously designed exclusively for SCD protection . is a prospective , multicenter , randomized , single-blind , parallel-controlled trial designed to assess the safety of the Chronicle ICD system ( single chamber ICD with a hemodynamic monitoring system ) and the effectiveness of a management strategy guided by intracardiac pressure information among ICD-indicated New York Heart Association ( NYHA ) Class II or III heart failure ( HF ) patients . successfully implanted with a Chronicle ICD will be randomized to the Chronicle group or Control group . patients will receive optimal medical therapy , but the hemodynamic information from the device will be used to guide patient management only in the Chronicle group . endpoints include freedom from system-related complications and relative risk reduction of one or more HF-related events ( hospitalizations , and emergency department and urgent care visits requiring intravenous therapy for HF ) . 850 patients will be enrolled in at least 75 centers in the United States to accrue the 419 events needed to test the primary effectiveness endpoint . began in April 2006 , and is expected to end during 2009 . will assess the safety of the Chronicle ICD system and the effectiveness of a patient management strategy based on remote access to continuous intracardiac pressures in reducing HF-related events ."
1714,Abstract #1714,"gout and sleep apnoea are associated with the metabolic syndrome . is also prevalent in sleep apnoea syndrome . objective of this study was to examine the association between gout and sleep apnoea and other sleep disorders . were taken from a validated database of general practice records from nine practices in the UK between 2001 and 2008 . consulting for gout were identified via Read codes and each matched with four controls for age , gender , practice and year of gout consultation . problems and confounding comorbidities were also identified via Read codes . were identified through a linked database of prescription records . association between gout and sleep disorders was assessed using a logistic regression model , adjusting for ischaemic heart disease , hypertension , diabetes mellitus and diuretic use . individuals with gout were identified and each successfully matched to four controls . those with gout , the prevalence of any sleep problem was 4.9 % , sleep problems other than sleep apnoea 4.2 % , and sleep apnoea 0.7 % , compared to 3.5 % , 3.2 % and 0.3 % respectively in controls . was associated with any sleep problem ( odds ratio ( OR ) 1.44 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.11 , 1.87 ) , sleep problems other than sleep apnoea ( OR 1.36 ; 95 % CI 1.03 , 1.80 ) , and sleep apnoea ( OR 2.10 ; 95 % CI 1.01 , 4.39 ) . multivariable analysis , gout remained significantly associated with any sleep problem ( OR 1.39 ; 95 % CI 1.06 , 1.81 ) and sleep problems other than sleep apnoea ( OR 1.37 ; 95 % CI 1.03 , 1.82 ) , however the association with sleep apnoea was attenuated ( OR 1.48 , 95 % CI 0.70 , 3.14 ) . and sleep problems appear to be associated and clinicians should be aware of the co-existence of these two conditions . prospective epidemiological studies are required to explore causality ."
1715,Abstract #1715,"identify the advantages and disadvantages of using a partially randomised patient preference design rather than a conventional randomised controlled design when evaluating alternative managements for heavy menstrual bleeding . controlled comparison of two clinical trial designs with subsequent follow up of the cohorts of women generated . attending a general gynaecology clinic for the first time because of heavy menstrual bleeding . randomised patient preference clinical trial design and conventional randomised controlled design . participation ; participation in randomised clinical trial of medical management compared with transcervical surgical resection of the endometrium ; prognostic characteristics ( socio-demographic and Short Form 36 ) of clinical trial groups ; outcomes ( clinical and Short Form 36 ) of clinical trial groups . , more women participated in the partially randomised patient preference design ( 130/135 vs 97/138 ; difference 27 % , 95 % CI 18 % to 34 % ) but there was no difference in the numbers who agreed to be randomised ( 90/135 vs 97/138 ; difference-3 % , 95 % CI-15 % to 7 % ) . who chose medical management tended to have better general health , to be less restricted by their menstrual problems , with fewer having been previously treated by their general practitioner . who chose transcervical resection of the endometrium had all tried medical management and had higher bleeding scores . up satisfactions and acceptability rates , and Short Form 36 scores were highest after transcervical resection of the endometrium , whether chosen or randomised . and a desire to continue the same treatment was greater among those who chose medical management than those randomly allocated it . of the partially randomised patient preference design did not affect recruitment to the randomised controlled trial suggesting that a conventionally designed trial would not be biased by motivational factors in this context . from the preference groups informed the generalisability of the results but did tend to confirm conclusions that anyway reasonably followed from the randomised controlled trial . extra resource implications of using the partially randomised patient preference design were significant reflecting the additional 40 % who participated and the extra analyses entailed ."
1716,Abstract #1716,"30 % of adults in the USA suffer from heartburn or related symptoms monthly ; more than 20 % of these sufferers experience heartburn at least once per day . many rely on self-medication with antacids for the relief of their symptoms , treatments that decrease gastric volume as well as increase the pH of refluxed material should be more effective in relieving heartburn . compare the safety and efficacy of low-dose regimens of ranitidine for the relief of heartburn . with at least a 3-month history of heartburn were eligible for this randomized , double-blind , parallel group , multicentre dose-ranging study . a 1-week open-label run-in phase to document baseline heartburn frequency , subjects were randomized to receive treatment with one tablet of either ranitidine 75 mg ( n = 491 ) , ranitidine 25 mg ( n = 504 ) , or placebo ( n = 494 ) , to be taken as needed up to four times daily for 2 weeks for the relief of heartburn . ranitidine 75 mg regimen was clinically ( > 10 percentage points ) and statistically ( P < 0.05 ) significantly more effective than placebo for all measured efficacy end-points in relieving heartburn and reducing antacid consumption . addition , the ranitidine 75 mg regimen was superior to placebo in providing heartburn relief within 30 min of dosing that lasted for up to 12 h. Ranitidine 25 mg was observed to be statistically superior ( P < 0.05 ) but not clinically different from placebo , as defined a priori , in providing heartburn relief . treatments were well tolerated and adverse events occurred no more frequently with the ranitidine regimens than with placebo . 75 mg provides prompt relief of heartburn that lasts for up to 12 h and has a safety profile comparable to that of placebo ."
1717,Abstract #1717,"purpose of this study was to determine optimal adjuvant therapy between complete hormonal blockade in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer and one to three positive nodes . randomised 333 patients to receive either LHRH agonist ( triptorelin 3.75 mg i.m. , monthly ) plus tamoxifen 30 mg/day for 3 years ( TAM-LHRHa , n = 164 ) , or fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 , epirubicin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 every 21 days for six cycles , without any hormonal treatment ( FEC50 , n = 169 ) . 7-year disease-free survival ( DFS ) was 76 % with TAM-LHRHa , and 72 % with FEC50 ( P = 0.13 ) . 7-year overall survival ( OS ) was 91 % and 88 % , respectively ( P = 0.20 ) . multivariate analysis confirmed that both treatments were not different for DFS and OS ( P = 0.83 and P = 0.41 , respectively ) . occurred in 64 % of patients treated with FEC50 ; it was temporary in 58 % of cases after hormonotherapy and in 31 % after chemotherapy . intermediate-risk breast cancer , complete hormonal blockade and chemotherapy provided similar outcomes . treatment is an alternative to chemotherapy in hormone-sensitive patients , considering the preference of patients in terms of quality of life ."
1718,Abstract #1718,"determine the outcome of tetanus in neonates treated with intrathecal tetanus immunoglobulin in terms of mortality and hospital stay . study . Unit I , Bahawal Victoria Hospital , Bahawalpur , from April 2004 to December 2007 . neonates with diagnosis of neonatal tetanus were included in the study . neonates with fits due to causes other than tetanus were excluded . five patients received intrathecal immunoglobulin in addition to standard treatment ( group A ) while , the other 35 patients received only standard treatment ( group B ) . mortality and duration of hospital stay in 2 groups were recorded . group A , mean duration of hospital stay was 10 days while , in group B it was 13 days ( p < 0.001 ) . patient from group A and 8 patients from group B expired ( p = 0.026 ) . occurrence of refractory fits , repeated apnoeic episodes and high grade fever did not show any statistically significant difference in the 2 groups . anti-tetanus immunoglobulin in addition to the standard improved the outcome of neonatal tetanus in terms of mortality and hospital stay ."
1719,Abstract #1719,"state that accumulated physical activity is beneficial for health , but a minimum duration of 10 min per activity bout is recommended . information regarding the effects of short ( < 10 min ) bouts of activity on health is available , and no studies of the effects of such short bouts of activity on postprandial lipemia have been conducted . objective was to compare the effects of accumulating ten 3-min bouts of exercise with those of one 30-min bout of exercise on postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations . men aged 21-32 y completed three 2-d trials > or = 1 wk apart in a randomized repeated-measures design . day 1 , the subjects rested ( no exercise ) or ran at 70 % of maximum oxygen uptake in either ten 3-min bouts ( 30 min rest between each ) or one continuous 30-min bout . day 2 , the subjects rested and consumed test meals ( 0.69 g fat , 0.95 g carbohydrate , 0.31 g protein , and 46 kJ/kg body mass ) for breakfast and lunch . blood samples were obtained in the fasted state and for 7 h postprandially on day 2 . plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were lower throughout day 2 of both the accumulation exercise trial and the continuous exercise trial than during the control trial ( main effect of trial : P < 0.001 , 2-factor analysis of variance ) . multiple short bouts of exercise throughout the day effectively reduce postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations to an extent similar to that of a single 30-min session of exercise in healthy young men ."
1720,Abstract #1720,"study compared a short-course of clarithromycin with a standard course of penicillin V in patients with tonsillopharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes . total of 539 patients , aged 12-75 years , were randomized to receive either clarithromycin extended-release ( ER ) 500 mg once daily for 5 days or penicillin V 500 mg three times daily for 10 days in this multicenter , double-blind , parallel-group trial . required a positive antigen test for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus ( GABHS ) followed by confirmatory culture . and clinical assessments were conducted at each study visit ( visit 1 : study day 1 ; visit 2 : study day 3 ; visit 3 : study days 8-12 ; visit 4 : study days 13-20 ; and visit 5 : study days 40-50 ) . the test-of-cure visit ( visit 3 for clarithromycin ER patients and visit 4 for penicillin V patients ) in per-protocol patients , 5 days of clarithromycin ER was comparable to 10 days of penicillin V in eradicating S. pyogenes ( 89 % ( 157/177 ) vs 90 % ( 139/154 ) respectively ; 95 % CI for difference ( -8.2 , 5.1 ) ) . eradication was sustained in both treatment groups at the follow-up visit ( 88 % ( 135/153 ) vs 91 % ( 112/123 ) respectively ; 95 % CI for difference ( -10.0 , 4.4 ) ) . cure was achieved in > or = 94 % of patients in each treatment group . most commonly reported study drug-related adverse events ( < or = 3 % in either treatment group ) were abdominal pain , diarrhea , dyspepsia and nausea . ER 500 mg once daily for 5 days is equally effective as penicillin V 500 mg three times daily for 10 days in the treatment of adolescent and adult patients with streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis ."
1721,Abstract #1721,"to guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is often poor , although this is associated with improved morbidity and mortality in such patients . numbers of programs are designed to enhance appropriate counselling , treatment and coordinated care delivery including the nurse-led , guidelines-based , software-supported integrated chronic care program ( ICCP ) for patients with AF reported here . paper outlines the study protocol and methodology currently being used to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed nurse-led , guideline-based , software-supported ICCP for patients with AF . of the ICCP is currently being carried out in the outpatient care setting known as the AF-Clinic . prospective randomised controlled trial is currently underway in the outpatient AF-Clinic of a University Hospital in the Netherlands in cooperation with the collaborating university . primary outcome measures are cardiovascular hospitalisation and/or death . outcome measures include guideline adherence , patient knowledge about their condition , quality of life , satisfaction and other outcome measurements such as cost-effectiveness . was calculated that 698 participants are needed to demonstrate discernible outcomes in relation to the primary endpoint ( 349 patients in each group ) with follow-up after 1 year . study started in January 2007 and the first results are expected in the beginning of 2010 . is hypothesised that the ICCP may contribute towards closing the gap between guideline recommendations and current practice in the management of atrial fibrillation . , it is hypothesised that the program has the potential to optimise the management of AF patients and improve the efficiency and coordination of patient care . may lead to better patient outcomes including improved quality of life and patient satisfaction in such patients ."
1722,Abstract #1722,"detail characterization of mutations and uncharacterized variants in the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 , as observed in a population of breast cancer patients from the southeastern United States , and to examine baseline characteristics of women referred for counseling and testing and provide a preliminary look at how counseling and testing affected intentions toward prophylactic surgery . in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes give rise to a dramatically increased risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer or both . are many reports about special populations in which deleterious mutations are present at a high frequency . is useful to study these genes in more heterogeneous populations , reflecting different geographic regions . in preventive surgery for gene carriers is high in women and their surgeons . were recruited through a prospective clinical trial of counseling and free genetic testing . and BRCA2 were screened for mutations using standard techniques , and results were given to participants . questionnaires determined interest in preventive surgery at the beginning of the study . questionnaires for those who completed testing surveyed interest in prophylactic surgery after counseling and receiving test results . 213 women who completed counseling and testing , 44 ( 20.6 % ) had 29 separate mutations ; there were 11 Jewish women carrying three founder mutations . women ( 13.1 % ) had uncharacterized variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 ; nine were not previously reported . overestimated their chances of possessing a deleterious gene mutation compared to a statistical estimate of carrier risk . number of women changed their intentions toward preventive surgery after genetic counseling and testing . breast cancer due to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 was a heterogeneous syndrome in the southeastern United States . mutations were seen just once , and uncharacterized variants were common and of uncertain clinical significance . general , positive test results tended to reinforce intentions toward prophylactic surgery . contrast , women not interested in surgery at the time of entry tended to remain reluctant after testing and counseling ."
1723,Abstract #1723,"multicenter study ( NCT00449670 ) conducted across Taiwan , Singapore , Hong Kong and Thailand evaluated the safety and manufacturing consistency of four formulations of an AS03 ( A ) - adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine in terms of immune response against the vaccine-homologous strain ( A/Vietnam/1194 / 2004 ) . manuscript presents data from the Taiwanese population . total of 400 individuals , aged 18-60 years , were randomized into six groups ( 2:2:2:2:1:1 ratio ) to receive two doses ( 21 days apart ) of one of the four adjuvanted formulations ( H5N1-AS03 ( A ) - groups ) or one of the two nonadjuvanted formulations ( H5N1-DIL-groups ) . samples collected before vaccination ( Day 0 ) and 21 days after each vaccine dose were analyzed using hemagglutination inhibition ( HI ) assay . events were recorded . four AS03 ( A ) - adjuvanted formulations induced comparable immune responses against the A/Vietnam/1194 / 2004 strain ; following the second dose , immune response in terms of HI antibodies was higher in the H5N1-AS03 ( A ) - groups { seroprotection rate = 91.6 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 87.9-94 .4 ] ; geometric mean titer ( GMT ) = 177.6 ( 95 % CI : 153.2-206 .0 ) } compared with the H5N1-DIL-groups [ seroprotection rates = 5.0 % ( 95 % CI : 1.4-12 .3 ) ; GMT = 6.3 ( 95 % CI : 5.4-7 .4 ) ] . response against the heterologous A/Indonesia/05 / 2005 strain was also stronger in the H5N1-AS03 ( A ) - groups [ seroprotection rate = 45.6 % ( 95 % CI : 40.0-51 .4 ) ; GMT = 20.5 ( 95 % CI : 17.8-23 .7 ) ] compared with the H5N1-DIL groups [ seroprotection rate = 0.0 % ( 95 % CI : 0.0-4 .5 ) ; GMT = 5.0 ( 95 % CI : 5.0-5 .0 ) ] . overall reactogenicity profile of the adjuvanted formulations was clinically acceptable . AS03 ( A ) - adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine formulations induced stronger immune response against the vaccine-homologous and heterologous strains than the nonadjuvanted formulations . AS03 ( A ) - adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine demonstrated a good immunogenicity and an acceptable safety profile in the Taiwanese population ."
1724,Abstract #1724,"to thrive is generally attributed to undernutrition , but little is known about the appetite or eating behaviour of children with the condition . hypothesis that young children who fail to thrive lack a normal sensitivity to internal hunger or satiation cues was tested in this study using an energy compensation procedure . children under assessment by a community-based service for failure to thrive , with weight gain in the lowest 5 % for their age , were studied at one year of age with 26 controls of the same age and sex with normal weight gain , resident in the same local geographical area . meals were given in the child 's own home on two separate days . test meals were preceded by either a high energy ( 402 kJ ) drink , or by a low energy ( 1 kJ ) drink on a control day . order was randomised , and the study conducted double blind , without the experimenter or the mother knowing which drink was which . intake at the test meal was measured . was no significant difference in the birth weight of the children in the two groups but by the time of the test the cases weighed significantly less than controls , with mean ( SD ) weight 9.06 ( 1.05 ) kg and 11.59 ( 1.59 ) kg respectively . relation to the British Growth Reference for weight this is a difference of 2.2 SD . ( SD ) energy intake at the meal on the control day was significantly lower in the case children than the controls ( FTT 687.5 ( 334.3 ) kJ ; controls 1065.9 ( 431.8 ) kJ ; p < .001 ) . the high energy drink , controls reduced their energy intake at the meal by a mean ( SD ) -257.3 ( 383.3 ) kJ while the cases showed a slight average increase of +78.1 ( 365.9 ) kJ ; t = 3.26 , df 51 , p < .001 . kJ of the pre-load , the average change was -1.18 kJ in controls and +0.80 kJ in cases . controls compensated as expected for their high energy load at the subsequent meal , but the case children did not , showing that they lack the normal responses to internal hunger/satiation cues . energy snacks may improve the nutritional status of children who fail to thrive ."
1725,Abstract #1725,"estimate the clinical effect of the maltitol chewing gums in plaque control . 13-15 years old susceptible adolescent were divided into three groups randomly , group A ( maltitol chewing gums ) , group B ( xylitol chewing gums ) and group C ( gum base chewing gums ) . chewed gums 5 times each day , 10 min each time . baseline and at 4-week , subjects were evaluated for supragingival plaque . 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis . weeks later , plaque index of the three groups continuously step down . difference was observed between baseline and 4-week ( P = 0.000 , 0.000 , 0.006 ) . weeks later , there was statistically significant difference in clearance rate of plaque among the three groups ( P = 0.015 ) . was still no statistically significant difference between group A and group B ( P = 0.687 ) , but they were both different from C group ( P = 0.019 , 0.007 ) . chewing gum can lead to similar effect on reduction of plaque as xylitol chewing gum ."
1726,Abstract #1726,"ablation of atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is centred on pulmonary vein ( PV ) ablation with or without additional atrial substrate modification . procedures may be prolonged with significant fluoroscopy exposure . study evaluates a new non-fluoroscopic navigation system during ablation of AF . patients undergoing catheter ablation of symptomatic drug refractory AF were prospectively randomized to ablation with ( n = 35 ; study group ) or without ( n = 37 ; control group ) non-fluoroscopic navigation . isolation was performed in all patients . patients with persistent or inducible sustained AF after PV isolation linear ablation was performed by joining the superior PVs . isolation was achieved in all patients ; fluoroscopy ( 15.4 + / -3.4 vs. 21.3 + / -6.4 min ; P < 0.001 ) and procedural ( 52 + / -12 vs. 61 + / -17 min ; P = 0.02 ) durations were significantly reduced in the study group . block was achieved in 37 of the 39 patients ; with a significant reduction in fluoroscopy ( 5.6 + / -2.2 vs. 9.9 + / -4.8 min ; P = 0.003 ) and procedural ( 14.7 + / -5.5 vs. 26.6 + / -16.9 min ; P = 0.007 ) durations in the study group . a follow-up of 6.9 + / -2.9 months ( range 3-10 ) , 26 ( 74 % ) patients in the non-fluoroscopic navigation group and 29 ( 78 % ) patients in the control group were arrhythmia-free after the first procedure . prospectively randomized study demonstrates significant reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedural duration using supplementary non-fluoroscopic imaging system for AF ablation ."
1727,Abstract #1727,"compare the efficacy and safety of fentanyl and remifentanil in the prevention of hemodynamic responses to direct laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation , and to compare the effects of these techniques on peripheral blood oxyhemoglobin saturation in normotensive women undergoing scheduled gynecologic surgery . clinical trial in ASA 1-2 patients undergoing gynecologic surgery . patients were randomized to 2 groups : the remifentanil group received a perfusion of 1 microg x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) until intubation whereas the fentanyl group received a bolus dose of 2 microg x kg ( -1 ) . ( 0.3 mg x kg ( -1 ) ) and rocuronium bromide ( 0.6 mg x kg ( -1 ) ) were used for anesthetic induction . serial measurements of systolic , diastolic , and mean arterial pressure were recorded in addition to heart rate and peripheral blood oxyhemoglobin saturation at the following times : baseline , denitrogenation , postinduction , and 3 more times at consecutive 2-minute intervals . patients were enrolled . statistically significant attenuation of the postintubation hemodynamic response was observed in the remifentanil group . effect was evident on arterial pressure ( P = .0001 ) and heart rate ( P = .031 ) with respect to baseline values . protective effect was not seen in the fentanyl group . differences in peripheral blood oxyhemoglobin saturation were observed . provides greater hemodynamic control than fentanyl at the doses utilized . adverse effects attributable to these opioids were observed in either group ."
1728,Abstract #1728,"study was undertaken to investigate the contralateral overflow effect on physiological tremors in pianists and nonmusicians . differences in cross modulation on underlying finger fractionated movement were characterized . tremors of the right index , middle , ring , and little fingers were recorded in 12 right-handed pianists and 12 matched nonmusician controls ; meanwhile , two contralateral resistance protocols ( unilateral handgrip using the left hand at slight and maximal efforts ) were randomly conducted . tremors of the control and pianist groups were differentially modulated with the resistance protocols . increase in gripping force led to cross excitations over 8-12 Hz digit tremors and interdigit tremor coupling for the nonmusicians . opposite cross effect was noted for the pianists , who exhibited significant tremor suppression and the release of interdigit tremor coupling . analysis of tremor dynamics revealed that contralateral gripping reduced the complexity of digit tremors of the pianists but added to the tremor complexity of the nonmusicians . modulation on digit tremors suggests that pianists could centrally suppress unintended motor excitation across the midline . the opposite hand is active , pianists have superior finger independence that allows them to achieve artistic aspects of musical performance ."
1729,Abstract #1729,"assess the rate and correlates of compliance with clinicians ' recommendations to remove firearms from the homes of depressed adolescents participating in a clinical trial . parents of 106 adolescents with major depression who participated in a randomized psychotherapy clinical trial were asked systematically about firearms in the home . who answered affirmatively were given information about the suicide risk conveyed by guns in the home and urged to remove them . rates of gun removal and acquisition were assessed at the end of the treatment and over the subsequent 2-year naturalistic follow-up . those who had guns at intake , 26.9 % reported removing them by the end of the acute trial . was associated with urban origin , marital dissatisfaction , and paternal psychopathology . those who did not have guns at intake , 17.1 % reported acquiring them over 2-year follow-up . in a 2-parent household and marital dissatisfaction were associated with gun acquisition . of depressed adolescents may frequently be noncompliant with recommendations to remove guns from the home despite compliance with other aspects of treatment . efficacious interventions to reduce access to guns in the homes of at-risk youths are needed ."
1730,Abstract #1730,"aortic aneurysm patients tend to be informed inconsistently and incompletely about their disorder and the treatment options open to them . objective of this trial was to evaluate whether these patients are better informed and experience less decisional conflict regarding their treatment options after viewing a decision aid . six-centre , randomised clinical trial comparing a decision aid plus regular information versus regular information from the surgeon . patients had recently been diagnosed with an asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm at least 4 cm in diameter . decision aid consisted of a one-time viewing of an interactive CD-ROM elaborating on elective surgery versus watchful waiting . , the decision aid advised patients with aneurysms less than 5.5 cm to agree to watchful waiting , for larger aneurysms the decision aid provided insight into the balance of benefit and harm of surgical and conservative approaches , taking into account age , co-morbidity and size of the aneurysm . primary outcome was patient decisional conflict measured at 1 month follow-up ( Decisional Conflict Scale ) . outcomes were patient knowledge , anxiety and satisfaction . 178 aneurysm patients , decisional conflict scores did not differ significantly between the decision aid and the regular information groups ( 22 vs. 24 on the 0-100 Decisional Conflict Scale ; p = .33 ) . in the decision aid group had significantly better knowledge ( 10.0 vs. 9.4 out of 13 points ; p = .04 ) , whereas anxiety levels ( 4.4 and 5.0 on a 0-21 scale ; p = .73 ) and satisfaction scores ( 74 and 73 on a 0-100 scale ; p = .81 ) were similar in both groups . addition to regular patient-surgeon communication , a decision aid helps to share treatment decisions with abdominal aortic aneurysm patients by increasing their knowledge about the disorder and available treatment options without raising anxiety levels ; however , it does not reduce decisional conflict , nor does it improve satisfaction ."
1731,Abstract #1731,"natriuretic peptide levels are higher in patients with congestive heart failure than in patients with dyspnea from other causes . conducted a prospective , randomized , controlled study of 452 patients who presented to the emergency department with acute dyspnea : 225 patients were randomly assigned to a diagnostic strategy involving the measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide levels with the use of a rapid bedside assay , and 227 were assessed in a standard manner . time to discharge and the total cost of treatment were the primary end points . demographic and clinical characteristics were well matched between the two groups . use of B-type natriuretic peptide levels reduced the need for hospitalization and intensive care ; 75 percent of patients in the B-type natriuretic peptide group were hospitalized , as compared with 85 percent of patients in the control group ( P = 0.008 ) , and 15 percent of those in the B-type natriuretic peptide group required intensive care , as compared with 24 percent of those in the control group ( P = 0.01 ) . median time to discharge was 8.0 days in the B-type natriuretic peptide group and 11.0 days in the control group ( P = 0.001 ) . mean total cost of treatment was 5,410 dollars ( 95 percent confidence interval , 4,516 dollars to 6,304 dollars ) in the B-type natriuretic peptide group , as compared with 7,264 dollars ( 95 percent confidence interval , 6,301 dollars to 8,227 dollars ) in the control group ( P = 0.006 ) . respective 30-day mortality rates were 10 percent and 12 percent ( P = 0.45 ) . in conjunction with other clinical information , rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency department improved the evaluation and treatment of patients with acute dyspnea and thereby reduced the time to discharge and the total cost of treatment ."
1732,Abstract #1732,"inactivity in postmenopausal women contributes to a rise in atherogenic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome . regular physical activity positively contributes to health , inactivity progressively increases with age . Dose Response to Exercise in Women aged 45-75 yr ( DREW ) study is designed to investigate the effect of different amounts of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and risk factors for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) in postmenopausal women at moderately increased risk of CVD . will recruit 450 sedentary , healthy , postmenopausal women with a body mass index of 25-40 kg.m-2 , resting systolic blood pressure ( BP ) of 120-159 mm Hg , and a resting diastolic BP of < or = 99 mm Hg . and self-report measures completed at baseline and 6 months include maximal oxygen consumption ( . ) , resting BP , anthropometry , dietary habits , physical activity history , medication use , menstrual history , personal and family medical history , and fasting HDL cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , triglycerides , and glucose . participants are randomly assigned to a nonexercise group or one of three exercise groups . exercise 3 to 4x wk-1 at a heart rate equivalent to 50 % of . expending 4 , 8 , or 12 kcal.kg-1 . , depending on group assignment . study will allow quantification of possible dose-response relations ( 50 % , 100 % , and 150 % of the consensus physical activity recommendation ) between exercise training and study outcomes . can make important contributions to our understanding of the effects of physical activity in postmenopausal women and help refine public health and clinical recommendations for this group ."
1733,Abstract #1733,"sciatic nerve block ( SNB ) in combination with saphenous nerve block provides anesthesia and analgesia for foot and ankle surgeries . and image-guided techniques , to date , aim at blocking the sciatic nerve proximal to its bifurcation . nerve block is usually associated with a long onset time ( 30-60 mins ) . hypothesized that SNB distal to its bifurcation ( blocking its 2 main branches tibial and common peroneal nerves separately ) is associated with a shorter onset time than blockade proximal to its bifurcation . patients scheduled for major elective foot or ankle surgery were randomly allocated to receive ultrasound-guided SNB 5 cm proximal to ( group P ) or 3 cm distal to ( group D ) its bifurcation in the popliteal fossa . milliliters of a standardized local anesthetic solution of equal volumes of 2 % lidocaine and 0.5 % bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine was used . and motor assessments were performed every 5 mins by a blinded observer until complete sensory and motor blockade developed in both tibial and common peroneal nerve territories . patients in both groups developed a complete block . in group D presented a 30 % shorter onset of both sensory ( 21.4 [ SD , 9.9 ] vs 31.4 [ SD , 13.9 ] mins ) ( P = 0.005 ) and motor block ( 21.5 [ SD , 11.3 ] vs 32.4 [ SD , 14.9 ] mins ) ( P = 0.006 ) than patients in group P. Procedure time , procedure-related discomfort , and patient satisfaction were similar in both groups . data suggest that popliteal SNB distal to the bifurcation has a shorter onset time than SNB proximal to its bifurcation , and therefore , it may be a good option when a fast onset for a surgical block is required ."
1734,Abstract #1734,"analyze differences in the cost of treatment for infants randomized to primary intraocular lens ( IOL ) implantation versus optical correction with a contact lens ( CL ) after unilateral cataract surgery in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study ( IATS ) . cost analysis of a prospective , randomized clinical trial based on Georgia Medicaid reimbursement data as well as actual costs of supplies used during the study , adjusted for inflation . IATS is a multicenter ( n = 12 ) , randomized clinical trial comparing the optical treatment of aphakia with either primary IOL implantation ( n = 57 ) or CL correction ( n = 57 ) in 114 infants with unilateral congenital cataract . hundred fourteen infants underwent unilateral cataract surgery and were either corrected optically by primary IOL implantation at the time of surgery or were corrected with a CL after surgery . mean cost of cataract surgery and all additional surgeries , examinations , and supplies used up to 5 years of age . 5-year treatment cost of an infant with a unilateral congenital cataract corrected optically with an IOL was $ 27 090 versus $ 25 331 for a patient treated with a CL after initial cataract surgery . total cost of supplies was $ 3204 in the IOL group versus $ 7728 in the CL group . cataract surgery in infancy coupled with primary IOL implantation is approximately 7 % more expensive than aphakia and CL correction . costs are more than double with CL versus IOL treatment ."
1735,Abstract #1735,"necrosis factor blockade has been shown to be an effective treatment strategy in Crohn 's disease ( CD ) . is a human immunoglobulin G1 ( IgG ( 1 ) ) monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , dose-ranging trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of adalimumab induction therapy in patients with CD . total of 299 patients with moderate to severe CD naive to anti-TNF therapy were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections at weeks 0 and 2 with adalimumab 40 mg/20 mg , 80 mg/40 mg , or 160 mg/80 mg or placebo . primary endpoint was demonstration of a significant difference in the rates of remission at week 4 ( defined as a Crohn 's Disease Activity Index score < 150 points ) among the 80 mg/40 mg , 160 mg/80 mg , and placebo groups . rates of remission at week 4 in the adalimumab 40 mg/20 mg , 80 mg/40 mg , and 160 mg/80 mg groups were 18 % ( P = .36 ) , 24 % ( P = .06 ) , and 36 % ( P = .001 ) , respectively , and 12 % in the placebo group . events occurred at similar frequencies in all 4 treatment groups except injection site reactions , which were more common in adalimumab-treated patients . was superior to placebo for induction of remission in patients with moderate to severe Crohn 's disease naive to anti-TNF therapy . optimal induction dosing regimen for adalimumab in this study was 160 mg at week 0 followed by 80 mg at week 2 . was well tolerated ."
1736,Abstract #1736,"compare the efficacy of two antiemetic regimens , ondansetron alone versus perphenazine with diphenhydramine , on emesis control in children undergoing conditioning therapy for bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) . , prospective , open , randomized , crossover study . BMT unit in an urban area in the northeastern United States . children , ages 4-17 , undergoing BMT for a variety of underlying diseases . randomization to one of the two antiemetic regimens , emesis control was evaluated during conditioning therapy . a participant experienced more than five episodes of emesis during any 12-hour period , he or she was crossed over to the other antiemetic regimen . emesis control still was not achieved , the participant was removed from the study and other medications were administered to control vomiting . of emetic episodes and incidence of side effects . of 15 patients ( 67 % ) who received ondansetron experienced major emesis control ( no more than two episodes ) compared with 0 of 13 patients ( 0 % ) who received perphenazine with diphenhydramine ( p = 0.044 , Fisher exact test ) . those who crossed over to ondansetron after failure with perphenazine and diphenhydramine , 38 % were able to achieve major emesis control . offers superior antiemetic control over the combination of perphenazine and diphenhydramine for children undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation for BMT . nurses must develop an understanding of the etiology of therapy-induced emesis and the mechanisms of action of the various classes of antiemetic agents designed to control it . documentation to describe events of emesis will help to tailor antiemetic therapy to a patient 's specific situation . research is necessary to determine alternate strategies , including different combinations or sequences of antiemetics to provide optimum emetic control during acute and delayed phases of emesis . higher cost of ondansetron therapy must be considered within the context of superior efficacy ."
1737,Abstract #1737,"repetitive seizures are readily recognizable episodes involving increased seizure frequency . treatment is often required . diazepam gel is a promising therapy . conducted a randomized , double-blind , parallel-group , placebo-controlled study of home-based treatment for acute repetitive seizures . were randomly assigned to receive either rectal diazepam gel , at a dosage varying from 0.2 to 0.5 mg per kilogram of body weight on the basis of age , or placebo . received one dose at the onset of acute repetitive seizures and a second dose four hours later . received three doses -- one dose at onset , and two more doses 4 and 12 hours after onset . was administered by a care giver , such as a parent , who had received special training . number of seizures after the first dose was counted for 12 hours in children and for 24 hours in adults . 125 study patients ( 64 assigned to diazepam and 61 to placebo ) with a history of acute repetitive seizures , 91 ( 47 children and 44 adults ) were treated for an exacerbation of seizures during the study period . treatment was superior to placebo with regard to the outcome variables related to efficacy : reduced seizure frequency ( P < 0.001 ) and improved global assessment of treatment outcome by the care giver ( frequency and severity of seizures and drug toxicity ) ( P < 0.001 ) . hoc analysis showed diazepam to be superior to placebo in reducing seizure frequency in both children ( P < 0.001 ) and adults ( P = 0.02 ) , but only in children was it superior with regard to improvement in global outcome ( P < 0.001 ) . time to the first recurrence of seizures after initial treatment was longer for the patients receiving diazepam ( P < 0.001 ) . patients reported at least one adverse effect of treatment ; somnolence was the most frequent . depression was not reported . diazepam gel , administered at home by trained care givers , is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for acute repetitive seizures ."
1738,Abstract #1738,"compare the refractive and visual outcomes using the Schwind Amaris excimer laser in patients with high astigmatism ( > 1D ) with and without the static cyclotorsion compensation ( SCC ) algorithm available with this new laser platform . consecutive eyes with 1D astigmatism were randomized to treatment with compensation of static cyclotorsion ( SCC group - 35 eyes ) or not ( control group - 35 eyes ) . previously validated optimized aspheric ablation algorithm profile was used in every case . patients underwent LASIK with a microkeratome cut flap . SCC and control group did not differ preoperatively , in terms of refractive error , magnitude of astigmatism or in terms of cardinal or oblique astigmatism . treatment , average deviation from target was SEq +0.16 D , SD0 .52 D , range -0.98 D to +1.71 D in the SCC group compared to +0.46 D , SD0 .61 D , range -0.25 D to +2.35 D in the control group , which was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) . treatment , average astigmatism was 0.24 D ( SD0 .28 D , range -1.01 D to 0.00 D ) in the SCC group compared to 0.46 D ( SD0 .42 D , range -1.80 D to 0.00 D ) in the control group , which was highly statistically significant ( p < 0.005 ) . was no statistical difference in the postoperative uncorrected vision when the aspheric algorithm was used although there was a trend to increased number of lines gained in the SCC group . study shows that static cyclotorsion is accurately compensated for by the Schwind Amaris laser platform . compensation of static cyclotorsion in patients with moderate astigmatism produces a significant improvement in refractive and astigmatic outcomes than when not compensated ."
1739,Abstract #1739,"conducted a randomized trial to test the hypothesis that mother 's voice played through a pacifier-activated music player ( PAM ) during nonnutritive sucking would improve the development of sucking ability and promote more effective oral feeding in preterm infants . infants between 34 0/7 and 35 6/7 weeks ' postmenstrual age , including those with brain injury , who were taking at least half their feedings enterally and less than half orally , were randomly assigned to receive 5 daily 15-minute sessions of either PAM with mother 's recorded voice or no PAM , along with routine nonnutritive sucking and maternal care in both groups . was masked to the clinical team . infants ( 46 and 48 in the PAM intervention and control groups , respectively ) completed the study . intervention group had significantly increased oral feeding rate ( 2.0 vs. 0.9 mL/min , P < .001 ) , oral volume intake ( 91.1 vs. 48.1 mL/kg/d , P = .001 ) , oral feeds/day ( 6.5 vs. 4.0 , P < .001 ) , and faster time-to-full oral feedings ( 31 vs. 38 d , P = .04 ) compared with controls . gain and cortisol levels during the 5-day protocol were not different between groups . hospital stays were 20 % shorter in the PAM group , but the difference was not significant ( P = .07 ) . PAM using mother 's voice improves oral feeding skills in preterm infants without adverse effects on hormonal stress or growth ."
1740,Abstract #1740,"study was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of synbiotic bread on the metabolic status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . randomized , double-blind , controlled clinical trial was performed in 81 diabetic patients . subjects were randomly assigned to consumption of synbiotic ( n = 27 ) , probiotic ( n = 27 ) , or control bread ( n = 27 ) for 8 weeks 3 times a day in a 40-gram package . synbiotic bread contained Lactobacillus sporogenes ( 1 10 ( 8 ) CFU ) and 0.07 g inulin per 1 g. probiotic bread contained L. sporogenes ( 1 10 ( 8 ) CFU per 1 g ) . blood samples were taken at baseline and after an 8-week intervention for quantification of related factors . of the synbiotic bread resulted in a significant reduction in serum insulin levels ( -3.2 5.4 vs. -0.3 3.4 and 0.6 4.7 IU/ml , respectively , p = 0.007 ) , homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance scores ( -1.5 2.7 vs. -0.2 1.6 and 0.4 3.5 , respectively , p = 0.03 ) , and homeostatic model assessment -- cell function ( -7.2 16.3 vs. -0.7 10.8 and 0.7 8.2 , respectively , p = 0.04 ) compared to the probiotic and control breads . did not find any significant effect of synbiotic bread consumption on fasting plasma glucose , the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index , or serum hs-CRP levels compared to other breads . of the synbiotic bread among diabetic patients had beneficial effects on insulin metabolism ."
1741,Abstract #1741,"determine if a specific hold and relax stretching technique was capable of ( 1 ) reversing the effect of tight chest wall muscles by increasing chest expansion , vital capacity , and shoulder range of motion and ( 2 ) decreasing perceived dyspnea and respiratory rate in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . crossover trial . physiotherapy department at a major metropolitan hospital . stable patients with COPD who had recently completed a pulmonary rehabilitation program were enrolled , with 10 patients completing the study . hold and relax stretching technique of the pectoralis major and a sham technique each for 2 days . primary outcome measure was vital capacity ( VC ) , with secondary outcome measures being perceived dyspnea , axillary ( ACE ) and xiphisternal chest expansion ( XCE ) , right and left shoulder horizontal extension , and respiratory rate . hold and relax technique to the pectoralis major compared with the sham technique produced significant effects on VC ( P < .01 ) , and right ( P < .01 ) and left ( P < .05 ) upper-limb range of motion . was no significant effect on ACE , XCE , perceived dyspnea , or respiratory rate . was no order effect for either technique . hold and relax technique produces short-term benefits in patients with COPD and should be investigated further ."
1742,Abstract #1742,"assess changes in quality of life ( QoL ) and oxygen consumption produced by two different patterns of physical training in patients with congestive heart failure ( CHF ) . men ( mean age 55.9 + / -8.1 years ) with ischaemic CHF lasting 3.1 + / -1.0 years . were randomised into three groups each consisting of 14 men : group A -- with constant workload , group B-with progressive/increasing workload , each trained up to 6 months and group C -- not trained . was assessed at baseline and at 6 months by means of the Psychological General Well-being Index ( PGWB ) and the Subjective Symptoms Assessment Profile ( SSA-P ) . exercise test and echocardiography were performed twice . 6 months improvement in PGWB total index was observed , both in groups A and B ( p < 0.01 ) . from groups A and B reported less cardiac symptoms ( p < 0.01 ) , emotional distress ( p < 0.01 ) , peripheral circulatory symptoms ( p < 0.01 ) and dizziness ( p < 0.01 ) in SSA-P . in sexual life was observed only in group B ( p < 0.01 ) . improvement of QoL was greater in group B than in group A as well as oxygen uptake ( p < 0.01 ) . QoL correlated positively with peak VO2 only in group B ( r = 0.56 , p < 0.05 ) . training improves QoL in men with CHF , but only progressive/increasing workload seems to markedly improve oxygen uptake . of QoL is related to psychological well-being and physical complaints associated with CHF ."
1743,Abstract #1743,"studies provide strong evidence that aerobic exercise training positively influences cerebral blood flow , but no human studies support the use of exercise for improving cerebral hemodynamics . randomized study in stroke survivors assessed the effects of treadmill aerobic exercise training ( TM ) on cerebral blood flow parameters compared to a control intervention of nonaerobic stretching . participants ( 19 in TM group and 19 in control group ) with remote stroke ( > 6 months ) and mild to moderate gait deficits completed middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity measurements by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography before and after a 6-month intervention period . cerebral artery blood flow velocity was assessed bilaterally during normocapnia and hypercapnia ( 6 % CO2 ) . vasomotor reactivity ( cVMR ) was calculated as percent change in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity from normocapnia to hypercapnia ( cVMR percent ) and as an index correcting percent change for absolute increase in end tidal CO2 ( cVMR index ) . TM group had significantly larger improvements than did controls for both ipsilesional and contralesional cVMR index ( P0 .05 ) and contralesional cVMR percent ( P0 .01 ) . users in the TM group ( n = 10 ) had higher baseline cVMR and lower training-induced cVMR change , indicating that cVMR change among those not using statins ( n = 9 ) primarily accounted for the between-group effects . was a 19 % increase in Vo2 peak for the TM group compared to a 4 % decrease in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) , and peak fitness change correlated with cVMR change ( r = 0.55 ; P < 0.05 ) . data provide the first evidence to our knowledge of exercise-induced cVMR improvements in stroke survivors , implying a protective mechanism against recurrent stroke and other brain-related disorders . use appears to regulate cVMR and the cVMR training response ."
1744,Abstract #1744,"see whether low dose thiazide diuretics given to patients with essential hypertension might avoid the adverse metabolic consequences seen with conventional doses . blind randomised crossover study of two 12 week treatment periods with either low dose ( 1.25 mg ) or conventional dose ( 5.0 mg ) bendrofluazide given after a six week placebo run in period . clinics serving the greater Belfast area . white non-diabetic patients ( 9 male ) under 65 with essential hypertension recruited from general practices within the greater Belfast area . and diastolic blood pressure and peripheral and hepatic insulin action . man failed to complete the study . were no differences between doses in their effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure . 1.25 mg had substantially less effect on serum potassium concentration than the 5.0 mg dose . were no intertreatment differences in fasting glucose , insulin , cholesterol , and triglyceride concentrations . 5.0 mg significantly increased postabsorptive endogenous glucose production compared with baseline ( mean 10.9 ( SD 1.2 ) v 10.0 ( 0.8 ) mumol/kg/min ) , whereas bendrofluazide 1.25 mg did not . endogenous glucose production was significantly higher with bendrofluazide 5.0 mg compared with 1.25 mg ( 10.9 ( 1.2 ) v 9.9 ( 0.8 ) mumol/kg/min ) but was suppressed to a similar extent after insulin ( bendrofluazide 5.0 mg 2.8 ( 1.5 ) mumol/kg/min v bendrofluazide 1.25 mg 2.2 ( 1.5 ) mumol/kg/min ) . glucose infusion rates required to maintain euglycaemia were not significantly different between doses and were similar to baseline . 1.25 mg is as effective as conventional doses but has less adverse metabolic effect . contrast with conventional doses , low dose bendrofluazide has no effect on hepatic insulin action . is no difference between low and conventional doses of bendrofluazide in their effect on peripheral insulin sensitivity ."
1745,Abstract #1745,"research indicates that younger women ( i.e. , < or = 50 ) with breast carcinoma experience greater emotional distress than older women ( i.e. , > 50 ) and that coping style is significantly related to the psychosocial adjustment of women with this disease . purpose of this study was to evaluate through a randomized controlled trial the effectiveness of a problem-solving training intervention designed to empower women with breast carcinoma to cope with a range of difficulties when diagnosed in mid-life . study population consisted of women aged 50 years or younger who had no prior history of breast carcinoma , were diagnosed with Stage I-IIIA tumors , and for whom a first course of chemotherapy had been initiated recently . intervention consisted of two in-person and four telephone sessions with an oncology nurse who provided problem-solving skills training and informational materials to the women over a 12-week period . subjects were assessed for physical and psychosocial adjustment through telephone and mailed surveys at baseline , at 4 - months , and at 8 months . 183 eligible women , 164 participated ( a 90 % participation rate ) , 149 of whom completed the study ( a 91 % completion rate ) . subjects had significantly lower unmet needs and better mental health at the 4-month assessment . intervention significantly decreased the number and severity of difficulties experienced by women with average or good problem-solving skills at 8 months , but was not effective in alleviating or resolving the problems encountered by women with poor problem-solving skills , relative to the control group . conclude that this problem-solving therapy-based home care training intervention is an effective method of helping the majority of women with breast carcinoma to reduce the stresses associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in mid-life ."
1746,Abstract #1746,"examine the performance of T2-weighted ( T2W ) and diffusion-weighted ( DW ) magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) for detecting the index tumour in patients with prostate cancer and to examine the agreement between MRI and histology when assessing tumour volume ( TV ) and overall tumour burden . study included 199 consecutive patients with biopsy confirmed prostate cancer randomised to MRI before radical prostatectomy from December 2009 to July 2012 . tumours ( MRTs ) were ranked from 1 to 3 according to decreasing volume and were compared with histologically detected tumours ( HTs ) ranked from 1 to 3 , with HT 1 = index tumour . section histology was used as a reference standard . TVs of true-positive MRTs ( MRTVs 1-3 ) were compared with the TVs found by histology ( HTVs 1-3 ) . tumours were registered on a 30-sector map and by classifying each sector as positive/negative , the rate of true-positive and - negative sectors was calculated . detection rate for the HT 1 ( index tumour ) was 92 % ; HT 2 , 45 % ; and HT 3 , 37 % . MRTV 1-3 vs the HTV 1-3 were 2.8 mL vs 4.0 mL ( index tumour , P < 0.001 ) , 1.0 mL vs 0.9 mL ( tumour 2 , P = 0.413 ) , and 0.6 mL vs 0.5 mL ( tumour 3 , P = 0.492 ) . rate of true-positive and - negative sectors was 50 % and 88 % , = 0.39 . combination of T2W and DW MRI detects the index tumour in 92 % of cases , although MRI underestimates both TV and tumour burden compared with histology ."
1747,Abstract #1747,"compare the efficacy of a mandibular advancement splint ( MAS ) and a novel tongue stabilizing device ( TSD ) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA ) . randomized crossover design was used . patients ( 20 male , 7 female ) , recruited from a tertiary hospital sleep clinic . apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI ) was reduced with MAS ( 11.68 + / - 8.94 , P = 0.000 ) and TSD ( 13.15 + / - 10.77 , P = 0.002 ) compared with baseline ( 26.96 + / - 17.17 ) . arousal index decreased for MAS ( 21.09 + / - 9.27 , P = 0.004 ) and TSD ( 21.9 + / - 10.56 , P = 0.001 ) compared with baseline ( 33.23 + / - 16.41 ) . percent of patients achieved a complete or partial response with MAS , compared with 45 % with TSD . Epworth Sleepiness Scale ( ESS ) score was decreased with MAS ( P = < 0.001 ) and TSD ( P = 0.002 ) . improvements in snoring and quality of sleep were reported , with a better response for MAS than TSD . was poorer for TSD , and the side effect profiles of the 2 modalities were different . patients were satisfied with MAS compared to TSD , and 91 % of patients preferred the MAS . testing showed the MAS and TSD had similar efficacy in terms of AHI reduction . reported improvements with both devices ; however , better compliance and a clear preference for MAS was apparent when both devices were offered . term studies are needed to clarify the role of TSD ."
1748,Abstract #1748,"atrial fibrillation ( CAF ) is a serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality . mainstay of drug therapy for the conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm continues to be quinidine . value and safety of intravenously ( i.v. ) administered amiodarone therapy vs quinidine sulfate therapy was compared in a cohort of patients with CAF of more than 3 weeks ' duration . evaluate the efficacy of i.v. administered amiodarone and oral quinidine sulfate containing 300 mg of quinidine in the conversion of CAF and to assess the effect of oral amiodarone in the conversion of CAF in the patients in whom CAF did not convert with IV amiodarone . patients with CAF of more than 3 weeks ' duration were randomized to either i.v. amiodarone treatment or oral digoxin/quinidine treatment in a randomized unblinded single crossover study . converters continued either oral amiodarone therapy or quinidine extended-action tablet ( Quinidex ) therapy . patients were randomized to the quinidine group and 15 patients to the amiodarone group . from the quinidine group crossed over to the amiodarone group . and quinidine were equally effective at 24 hours in converting CAF ( eight [ 47 % ] of 17 patients in the quinidine group vs 12 [ 44 % ] of 27 patients in the amiodarone group ; P , not significant ) . 2 and 9 months of oral therapy , amiodarone was superior to quinidine in maintaining sinus rhythm . two of eight patients in the quinidine group tolerated the medication . patients in the amiodarone group tolerated the medication . additional patient converted to sinus rhythm at 2 months ( 13 [ 48 % ] of 27 ) , and five more patients converted at 9 months ( 18 [ 67 % ] of 27 ) . therapy and digoxin/quinidine therapy were equally effective at 48 hours in controlling ventricular response at rest . the first 48 hours of treatment , i.v. amiodarone and oral quinidine were equally effective in converting CAF to sinus rhythm . 2 and 9 months of therapy , treatment with oral amiodarone was superior to that of quinidine in restoring sinus rhythm . treatment with oral amiodarone is better tolerated than with quinidine ."
1749,Abstract #1749,"costs of treating surgical site infections can be considerable . is a cost associated with the prophylactic use of antibiotics ; however , the use of prophylactic agents may reduce infection rates and lengths of stay , thus offsetting the overall treatment cost and potentially generating cost savings to hospitals . project was intended to determine the potential cost impact of using ertapenem 1 g vs. cefotetan 2 g as prophylaxis for elective colorectal surgery . analysis using efficacy data from the PREVENT clinical trial and drug acquisition and total hospital costs in 2005 dollars from Premier 's Perspective Comparative Database in patients > or = 18 year of age , evaluable at four weeks after elective surgery of the colon or rectum and prophylactic treatment with ertapenem ( n = 338 ) or cefotetan ( n = 334 ) . primary outcome measures were the rate of prophylactic drug failure and the difference between the ertapenem and cefotetan groups in costs related to and total hospital stay . failure was defined as a surgical site infection , unexplained antibiotic use , or anastomotic leak . failure occurred in 28.1 % of the patients receiving ertapenem and 42.8 % of those receiving cefotetan ( p < 0.05 ) . most common prophylactic failure was surgical site infection : 18.3 % for ertapenem , 31.1 % for cefotetan , difference ( 95 % confidence interval ) -13.0 % ( -19.5 , -6.5 % ) ( p < 0.05 ) . mean + / - standard deviation length of stay for all patients , including prophylactic successes and failures , was 7.6 + / - 6.6 days for ertapenem and 8.7 + / - 9.5 days for cefotetan . mean per-patient cost of prophylactic drugs and hospital room and board was $ 15,245 with ertapenem and $ 17,428 cefotetan , a net difference of - $ 2,181 . used in prophylaxis for elective colorectal operations results in a lower rate of surgical site infection and a shorter average length of stay than cefotetan . calculated net difference in prophylactic antibiotic drug and hospital costs represents a saving of $ 2,181 per patient with ertapenem relative to cefotetan ."
1750,Abstract #1750,"prevalence of obesity in both adults and children is increasing rapidly . in children is independently associated with arterial endothelial dysfunction and wall thickening , key early events in atherogenesis that precede plaque formation . evaluate the reversibility of obesity-related arterial dysfunction and carotid intima-media thickening by dietary and/or exercise intervention programs , 82 overweight children ( body mass index , 25 + / -3 ) , 9 to 12 years of age , were randomly assigned to dietary modification only or diet plus a supervised structured exercise program for 6 weeks and subsequently for 1 year . prospectively defined primary end points were ultrasound-derived arterial endothelial function ( endothelium-dependent dilation ) of the brachial artery and intima-media thickness of common carotid artery . 6 weeks , both interventions were associated with decreased waist-hip ratio ( P < 0.02 ) and cholesterol level ( P < 0.05 ) as well as improved arterial endothelial function . and exercise together were associated with a significantly greater improvement in endothelial function than diet alone ( P = 0.01 ) . 1 year , there was significantly less thickening of the carotid wall ( P < 0.001 ) as well as persistent improvements in body fat content and lipid profiles in the group continuing an exercise program . function was significantly better in those children continuing exercise ( n = 22 ) compared with children who withdrew from the exercise program ( n = 19 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . vascular dysfunction in otherwise healthy young children is partially reversible with diet alone or particularly diet combined with exercise training at 6 weeks , with sustained improvements at 1 year in those persisting with diet plus regular exercise ."
1751,Abstract #1751,"catalase levels and cellular vacuolation in the epidermis of patients with vitiligo support major oxidative stress in this compartment . is now in vivo evidence for increased epidermal hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) accumulation in this patient group by utilizing noninvasive Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy ( FT Raman ) . H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) can be removed with a topical application of narrow band UVB activated pseudocatalase cream ( PC-KUS ) . Mn/EDTA-bicarbonate complex , patent No . 58471 1 A ) , yielding initiation of repigmentation . Sea climatotherapy is another successful treatment modality for vitiligo , but the mode of action has escaped definition so far . hydrogen peroxide ( H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) ) was assessed in vivo before and after 21 days treatment at the Dead Sea using noninvasive Fourier-Transform Raman spectroscopy . effectiveness of repigmentation was followed in 59 patients with vitiligo by comparing Dead Sea climatotherapy alone with the combination of Dead Sea climatotherapy/pseudocatalase cream ( PC-KUS ) as well as Dead Sea climatotherapy/placebo cream . repigmentation was documented by standardized black/white photography using non-UV coated bulbs as flashlight and by color photography . study on 59 patients who had vitiligo for an average time of 17 years ( range 3-53 years ) confirmed in vivo H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) accumulation in mM concentrations in the epidermis of untreated patients . , we demonstrated a pseudocatalase activity after 15 min of Dead Sea bathing , but the decrease of epidermal H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) levels was significantly less compared to narrowband UVB activated pseudocatalase cream ( PC-KUS ) . of repigmentation was already observed between day 10 and day 16 after a combination of Dead Sea climatotherapy/pseudocatalase cream compared to conventional pseudocatalase monotherapy ( 8-14 weeks ) and Dead Sea climatotherapy alone ( 5-6 weeks ) . results of this study show a significantly faster initiation of repigmentation in vitiligo after a combination of short-term climatotherapy ( 21 days ) at the Dead Sea in combination with a pseudocatalase cream ( PC-KUS ) compared to either conventional climatotherapy at the Dead Sea alone or with placebo cream in combination with climatotherapy . combined therapy is significantly faster in repigmentation than narrowband UVB activated pseudocatalase cream ( PC-KUS ) treatment alone . results of this study support the necessity of epidermal H2O2 removal as well as the influence of solar UV-light in the successful treatment of vitiligo ."
1752,Abstract #1752,"German Angioplasty Bypass Surgery Investigation was designed to compare symptomatic efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty ( PTCA ) with coronary artery bypass surgery ( CABG ) in patients with symptomatic multi-vessel disease . follow-up study was performed to determine the long-term outcome of patients following these interventions . 1986 to 1991 , 359 patients with angina CCS class II-IV , age below 75 years , and coronary multi-vessel disease requiring revascularization of at least two major coronary vessels were recruited at eight German centres and randomized to PTCA or CABG . 337 patients undergoing the planned procedure , 324 patients could be followed-up ( 96 % ) . parameters were identical in both groups , 2.2 + / -0.6 vessels were treated in CABG patients , whereas 1.9 + / -0.5 vessels were treated in PTCA patients . per cent of surgical patients received internal mammary artery grafts , while no stents were used in patients undergoing PTCA . the end of the 13-year follow-up period , the degree of angina , the degree of dyspnea , and the utilization of nitrates were comparable in both groups . a total number of 76 deaths , Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a comparable distribution in both groups . time to first re-intervention was significantly shorter in the PTCA group , P < 0.001 , frequencies of re-intervention ( CABG , n = 94 ; PTCA , n = 136 ) and crossover rates ( CABG to PTCA , n = 49 ; PTCA to CABG , n = 51 ) were comparable in both groups . results of our 13-year follow-up suggest that in patients with symptomatic multi-vessel disease , both PTCA and CABG are associated with a comparable long-term survival and symptomatic efficacy . far these results may be altered by developments such as drug-eluting stents or off-pump surgery remains to be determined ."
1753,Abstract #1753,"is a well-recognized association between substance use and psychotic disorders , sometimes described as ` dual diagnosis ' . use of substances by people with psychosis has a negative impact in terms of symptoms , longitudinal course of illness and psychosocial adjustment . are few validated treatments for such individuals , and those that do exist are usually impracticable in routine clinical settings . present study employs a randomized controlled experimental design to examine the effectiveness of a manualized group-based intervention in helping patients with dual diagnosis reduce their substance use . active intervention consisted of weekly 90-min sessions over 6 weeks . manualized intervention was tailored to participants ' stage of change and motivations for drug use . control condition was a single educational session . subjects participated , of whom 58 ( 92 % ) completed a 3-month follow-up assessment of psychopathology , medication and substance use . reductions in favour of the treatment condition were observed for psychopathology , chlorpromazine equivalent dose of antipsychotics , alcohol and illicit substance use , severity of dependence and hospitalization . is possible to reduce substance use in individuals with psychotic disorders , using a targeted group-based approach . has important implications for clinicians who wish to improve the long-term outcome of their patients ."
1754,Abstract #1754,"HiResolution Bionic Ear has the capability of creating virtual spectral channels using current steering . simultaneous delivery of current to pairs of adjacent electrodes , it is hypothesized that the effective locus of stimulation can be steered to sites between the contacts by varying the proportion of current delivered to each electrode of the pair . , theoretically , many intermediate regions of stimulation can be created with fine control over the proportion and amplitude of current delivered to each electrode . study investigated the number of spectral channels-or different pitches-that could be resolved by adult users of the CII and HiRes 90K cochlear implants when current steering was applied to three pairs of electrodes along the implanted array . were postlinguistically deafened adults recruited from the general CII and HiRes 90K user populations at 11 participating study sites . loudness balancing and pitch ranking electrode pairs ( 2 and 3 , 8 and 9 , 13 and 14 ) , an adaptive paradigm was used to estimate the number of intermediate pitch percepts that could be heard for each pair when current steering was implemented . data were used to estimate the potential number of spectral channels for each electrode pair . from 57 implanted ears indicated that the numbers of spectral channels per electrode pair ranged from one ( subjects who could not tell the electrodes apart ) to 52 ( an individual who had 52 different pitch percepts for the midarray pair of electrodes ) . average numbers of spectral channels that could be distinguished were 5.4 for the basal electrode pair , 8.7 for the midarray electrode pair , and 7.2 for the apical electrode pair . that the average numbers of spectral channels for these three electrode pairs were representative of the entire 16-contact array , the potential total numbers of spectral channels could be estimated . the 57 ears , the number of potential channels ranged from 8 to 466 , with an average of 93 . HiResolution Bionic Ear has the ability to steer current through simultaneous stimulation of adjacent electrode contacts . data show that the majority of subjects perceive additional spectral channels other than those associated with stimulation of the fixed electrodes when current steering is implemented . results suggest that the average cochlear implant user may have significantly more place-pitch capability than is exploited presently by cochlear implant systems . steering will be implemented in a wearable sound-processing strategy that can deliver up to 120 spectral channels to CII and HiRes 90K recipients . new strategy takes advantage of untapped capabilities of the CII/HiRes 90K implanted electronics and will be implemented through software , with no additional surgery required . is anticipated that the improved spectral resolution offered by current steering will lead to better speech perception in noise and improved music appreciation ."
1755,Abstract #1755,"compare the occurrence of vaginal bleeding and patient satisfaction 12 months after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy performed with and without excision of the endocervix . prospective , randomized , controlled trial . Task Force Classification I. university teaching hospital . hundred forty consecutive premenopausal women referred for hysterectomy on the basis of a benign condition . study participants were randomized to standard laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy ( n = 70 ) or laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy with excision of the endocervix in a reverse cone pattern ( n = 70 ) . main outcome measures were the occurrence of vaginal bleeding and patient satisfaction 12 months after the procedure . hundred thirty women ( 92.3 % ) were followed up according to the study protocol . total , 43 women ( 33.1 % ) reported bleeding episodes during the first 12 months after the laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy ; 22 ( 16.9 % ) of these women had cyclic bleeding . reported bleeding episodes were minimal . satisfaction after the hysterectomy was very high with a mean visual analog score ( on a scale of 0-10 ) of 9.3 ( standard deviation = 1.4 ) . were no significant differences between the 2 treatment groups regarding the main outcomes 12 months after the procedure . patient satisfaction after laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy is very high . of minimal vaginal bleeding after the procedure are relatively common , but such bleeding does not affect patient satisfaction . of the endocervix by reverse conization during laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy appears to have no effect in terms of reduced bleeding or improved patient satisfaction ."
1756,Abstract #1756,"is unknown whether intravenous iron or oral iron repletion alone can correct anemia associated with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) . conducted a randomized multicenter controlled trial in adult anemic , iron-deficient non-dialysis CKD ( ND-CKD ) patients ( > or = stage 3 ) not receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents ( ESAs ) . participants were randomized to receive either a sodium ferric gluconate complex ( intravenous iron ) 250 mg i.v. weekly x 4 or ferrous sulfate ( oral iron ) 325 mg t.i.d. x 42 days . ( Hgb ) , ferritin and transferrin saturation ( TSAT ) were measured serially , and the Kidney Disease Quality of Life ( KDQoL ) questionnaire was administered on days 1 and 43 . primary outcome variable was change from baseline ( CFB ) to endpoint in Hgb values . patients were analyzed ( intravenous iron n = 36 , oral iron n = 39 ) . in Hgb was similar in the two groups ( intravenous iron 0.4 g/dl vs. oral iron 0.2 g/dl , p = n.s. ) . , the increase in Hgb was only significant with intravenous iron ( p < 0.01 ) . comparison to oral iron , intravenous iron achieved greater improvements in ferritin ( 232.0 + / - 160.8 vs. 55.9 + / - 236.2 ng/ml , p < 0.001 ) and TSAT ( 8.3 + / - 7.5 vs. 2.9 + / - 8.8 % , p = 0.007 ) . iron caused greater improvements in KDQoL scores than oral iron ( p < 0.05 ) . most common side effect reported with intravenous iron was hypotension , while constipation was more common with oral iron . and intravenous iron similarly increase Hgb in anemic iron-depleted ND-CKD patients not receiving ESAs . in comparison to oral iron , intravenous iron may result in a more rapid repletion of iron stores and greater improvement in quality of life , it exposes the patients to a greater risk of adverse effects and increases inconvenience and cost ."
1757,Abstract #1757,"studies have concluded that acupuncture is safe in the hands of a qualified practitioner . study assessed the risk of adverse effects of acupuncture administered during pregnancy . women with nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy volunteered to participate in a randomised controlled trial , conducted at the Women 's and Children 's Hospital , in South Australia . were given either traditional acupuncture , formula acupuncture , sham acupuncture or no acupuncture . were collected on perinatal outcome , congenital abnormalities , pregnancy complications and the newborn . differences were found between study groups in the incidence of perinatal outcome , congenital abnormalities , pregnancy complications and other infant outcomes . findings suggest that no serious adverse effects arise from acupuncture administered in early pregnancy ."
1758,Abstract #1758,"ISAR-REACT 3 , 30-day outcomes in 4570 biomarker negative patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) > or = 2 h after pre-treatment with 600 mg of clopidogrel revealed less bleeding with bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin , but no difference in 30-day net clinical benefit . objective of the present analysis was to assess the impact of bivalirudin vs. heparin on 1-year outcomes in ISAR-REACT 3 . primary outcome for this analysis was the composite of death , myocardial infarction , or target vessel revascularization 1 year after randomization . composite of death or myocardial infarction was a secondary outcome . 1 year , the primary outcome occurred in 17.1 % of patients assigned to bivalirudin vs. 17.5 % assigned to heparin [ hazard ratio ( HR ) , 0.98 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 0.86-1 .13 ; P = 0.816 ] . combined incidence of death or myocardial infarction was 7.7 % in the bivalirudin group vs. 6.7 % in the heparin group ( HR , 1.15 ; 95 % CI , 0.93-1 .43 ; P = 0.200 ) . mortality rate was 1.9 % in the bivalirudin group and 1.7 % in the heparin group ( HR , 1.10 ; 95 % CI , 0.71-1 .70 ; P = 0.667 ) . 1 year , no significant differences in the primary outcome were observed with bivalirudin and heparin in any of the subgroups analysed . and unfractionated heparin during PCI provide comparable outcomes at 1 year in biomarker negative patients undergoing PCI after pre-treatment with 600 mg of clopidogrel . www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier NCT00262054 ."
1759,Abstract #1759,"hypothesized that the aldosterone : renin ratio ( ARR ) predicts the antihypertensive response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist , spironolactone ( SPIRO ) , when compared with bendroflumethiazide ( BFZ ) . conducted a randomized , crossover , trial on hypertensive patients with either high ARR ( HARR defined as > 750 and plasma aldosterone > 250 pmol/l ) or low ARR ( LARR defined as < 300 and plasma renin activity < 10 ng/ml per h ) . group took SPIRO 50 mg once daily for 12 weeks and BFZ 2.5 mg once daily for 12 weeks in random order separated by 2-week washout . with mean 24-h systolic ambulatory blood pressure ( SABP ) at least 140 mmHg were included . endpoint was difference in SABP between SPIRO and BFZ in patients with HARR compared with those with LARR . hundred and eleven patients ( 60 HARR and 51 LARR ) completed the study . at 12 weeks in the HARR group was 129.4 mmHg on SPIRO and 134.4 mmHg on BFZ [ difference -5.01 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) -7.51 , -2.52 ; P < 0.0002 ] . the LARR group , SABP was 129.7 mmHg on SPIRO and 133.1 mmHg on BFZ [ difference -3.43 ( 95 % CI -6.18 , -0.68 ) P < 0.01 ] . between groups ( HARR vs. LARR ) was -1.58 mmHg ( 95 % CI 5.25 , -2.08 ; not significant , P = 0.394 ) . a secondary analysis of the overall study population of 111 patients , SABP reduction with SPIRO 50 mg was superior to BFZ 2.5 mg [ SPIRO -14.8 mmHg , BFZ -10.5 mmHg , difference -4.29 mmHg ( 95 % CI -6.12 , -2.46 ) ] . were similar for secondary endpoints . renin activity or aldosterone did not predict blood pressure response to SPIRO . were independent of concomitant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use . ARR did not predict the blood pressure response to SPIRO . 50 mg was significantly more effective than BFZ 2.5 mg in lowering SABP irrespective of baseline ARR , plasma renin activity or aldosterone ."
1760,Abstract #1760,"preterm infants are at increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) and initiation of enteral feeding is frequently delayed . is no evidence that this delay is beneficial and it might further compromise nutrition and growth . with gestation below 35 weeks , birth weight below the 10th centile , and abnormal antenatal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms were randomly allocated to commence enteral feeds `` early , '' on day 2 after birth , or `` late , '' on day 6 . increase in feeds was guided by a `` feeding prescription '' with rate of increase the same for both groups . outcomes were time to achieve full enteral feeding sustained for 72 hours and NEC . hundred four infants were randomly assigned from 54 hospitals in the United Kingdom and Ireland ( 202 to each group ) . gestation was 31 weeks . , sustained , enteral feeding was achieved at an earlier age in the early group : median age was 18 days compared with 21 days ( hazard ratio : 1.36 [ 95 % confidence interval : 1.11-1 .67 ] ) . was no evidence of a difference in the incidence of NEC : 18 % in the early group and 15 % in the late group ( relative risk : 1.2 [ 95 % confidence interval : 0.77-1 .87 ] ) . feeding resulted in shorter duration of parenteral nutrition and high-dependency care , lower incidence of cholestatic jaundice , and improved SD score for weight at discharge . introduction of enteral feeds in growth-restricted preterm infants results in earlier achievement of full enteral feeding and does not appear to increase the risk of NEC ."
1761,Abstract #1761,"vitamin D status is linked to increased mortality and morbidity in patients who are critically ill . is unknown if this association is causal . investigate whether a vitamin D3 treatment regimen intended to restore and maintain normal vitamin D status over 6 months is of health benefit for patients in ICUs . randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled , single-center trial , conducted from May 2010 through September 2012 at 5 ICUs that included a medical and surgical population of 492 critically ill adult white patients with vitamin D deficiency ( 20 ng/mL ) assigned to receive either vitamin D3 ( n = 249 ) or a placebo ( n = 243 ) . D3 or placebo was given orally or via nasogastric tube once at a dose of 540,000 IU followed by monthly maintenance doses of 90,000 IU for 5 months . primary outcome was hospital length of stay . outcomes included , among others , length of ICU stay , the percentage of patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels higher than 30 ng/mL at day 7 , hospital mortality , and 6-month mortality . predefined severe vitamin D deficiency ( 12 ng/mL ) subgroup analysis was specified before data unblinding and analysis . total of 475 patients were included in the final analysis ( 237 in the vitamin D3 group and 238 in the placebo group ) . median ( IQR ) length of hospital stay was not significantly different between groups ( 20.1 days [ IQR , 11.1-33 .3 ] for vitamin D3 vs 19.3 days [ IQR , 11.1-34 .9 ] for placebo ; P = .98 ) . mortality and 6-month mortality were also not significantly different ( hospital mortality : 28.3 % [ 95 % CI , 22.6 % -34.5 % ] for vitamin D3 vs 35.3 % [ 95 % CI , 29.2 % -41.7 % ] for placebo ; hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.81 [ 95 % CI , 0.58-1 .11 ] ; P = .18 ; 6-month mortality : 35.0 % [ 95 % CI , 29.0 % -41.5 % ] for vitamin D3 vs 42.9 % [ 95 % CI , 36.5 % -49.4 % ] for placebo ; HR , 0.78 [ 95 % CI , 0.58-1 .04 ] ; P = .09 ) . the severe vitamin D deficiency subgroup analysis ( n = 200 ) , length of hospital stay was not significantly different between the 2 study groups : 20.1 days ( IQR , 12.9-39 .1 ) for vitamin D3 vs 19.0 days ( IQR , 11.6-33 .8 ) for placebo . mortality was significantly lower with 28 deaths among 98 patients ( 28.6 % [ 95 % CI , 19.9 % -38.6 % ] ) for vitamin D3 compared with 47 deaths among 102 patients ( 46.1 % [ 95 % CI , 36.2 % -56.2 % ] ) for placebo ( HR , 0.56 [ 95 % CI , 0.35-0 .90 ] , P for interaction = .04 ) , but not 6-month mortality ( 34.7 % [ 95 % CI , 25.4 % -45.0 % ] for vitamin D3 vs 50.0 % [ 95 % CI , 39.9 % -60.1 % ] for placebo ; HR , 0.60 [ 95 % CI , 0.39-0 .93 ] , P for interaction = .12 ) . critically ill patients with vitamin D deficiency , administration of high-dose vitamin D3 compared with placebo did not reduce hospital length of stay , hospital mortality , or 6-month mortality . hospital mortality was observed in the severe vitamin D deficiency subgroup , but this finding should be considered hypothesis generating and requires further study . Identifier : NCT01130181 ."
1762,Abstract #1762,"evaluate the impact of standardised consultations on patients with osteoarthritis of the knee . pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial . care in France . primary care rheumatologists , each of whom had to include two consecutive patients who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee . consultation was provided during three goal oriented visits ( education on osteoarthritis and treatment management ; information on physical exercises ; information on weight loss ) or usual care . in body weight and in time spent on physical exercises ( Baecke index ) at four months . patients were included ( 154 allocated to standardised consultation and 182 to usual care ) . patients were excluded because of lack of baseline data ( standardised consultation , n = 8 ; usual care , n = 1 ) . four months , taking into account the clustering effect , the decrease in weight was greater in the standardised consultation group than in the usual care group ( mean -1.11 ( SD 2.49 ) kg v -0.37 ( 2.39 ) kg ; P = 0.007 ) . physical activity score was higher for the standardised consultation group than for the usual care group ( mean 0.20 ( 0.65 ) v 0.04 ( 0.78 ) ; P = 0.013 ) . standardised consultation and usual care groups did not differ in secondary outcomes , except for global assessment of disease activity ( 0-10 numeric scale : mean -1.66 ( 2.26 ) v -0.90 ( 2.48 ) ; P = 0.003 ) and pain level ( 0-10 numeric scale : mean -1.65 ( 2.32 ) v -1.18 ( 2.58 ) ; P = 0.04 ) . structured consultation programme for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee resulted in short term improvement in weight loss and time spent on physical activity . trials NCT00462319 ."
1763,Abstract #1763,"lines of evidence have implied an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherogenesis . determine the effect of 12 weeks of antibiotic therapy on coronary heart disease events in patients with stable coronary artery disease and known C pneumoniae exposure . , placebo-controlled trial of 7747 adults with previous myocardial infarction that had occurred at least 6 weeks previously ( median , 2.6 years ) and a C pneumoniae IgG titer of 1:16 or more . were recruited from 271 clinical practices in North America , Europe , Argentina , and India , from October 10 , 1997 , to July 22 , 2001 . patients received either azithromycin ( 600 mg/d for 3 days during week 1 , then 600 mg/wk during weeks 2-12 ; n = 3879 ) or placebo ( n = 3868 ) . primary event was the first occurrence of death from any cause , nonfatal reinfarction , coronary revascularization , or hospitalization for angina . were followed up until 1038 events accrued . a median of 14 months of follow-up , there was no significant risk reduction in the likelihood of a primary event with azithromycin vs placebo ( 7 % [ 95 % confidence interval , -5 % to 17 % ] , P = .23 ) . of hazard ratios suggested early benefits of azithromycin on the primary event and on death or reinfarction , but these decreased over time . were no significant risk reductions for any of the components of the primary end point including death ( 8 % ) , recurrent myocardial infarction ( 7 % ) , revascularization procedures ( 5 % ) , or hospitalizations for angina ( -1 % ) . events related to study drug were reported by 13.2 % of those randomized to receive azithromycin , predominantly a result of diarrhea , compared with 4.6 % randomized to receive placebo , and resulted in discontinuation of drug in 1.6 % of those taking azithromycin and 0.4 % taking placebo . stable patients with previous myocardial infarction and with evidence of C pneumoniae exposure , a 3-month course of azithromycin did not significantly reduce the clinical sequelae of coronary heart disease ."
1764,Abstract #1764,"explore the efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( rt-PA ) in thrombolytic therapy of vena caval thromboembolism . patients diagnosed of vena caval thromboembolism by ultrasound or angiography of inferior vena cava were randomly assigned into 2 groups . and parental anticoagulant were given to the patients in the treatment group while those in the control group received only parental anticoagulation . , fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product were analyzed after 2-week treatment . subjects were closely monitored for the occurrence of severe complications . changes from baseline in the above laboratory parameters in the treatment group were significantly greater than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . severe complications occurred in either group . is both safe and effective for the thrombolytic therapy of vena caval thromboembolism ."
1765,Abstract #1765,americanus Ancylostoma-secreted protein 2 ( Na-ASP-2 ) is secreted by infective hookworm larvae on entry into human hosts . of laboratory animals with recombinant Na-ASP-2 provides significant protection against challenge infections . endemic areas antibodies to Na-ASP-2 are associated with reduced risk of heavy N americanus infections . assess the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant Na-ASP-2 adjuvanted with Alhydrogel in healthy Brazilian adults previously infected with N americanus . were randomized to receive Na-ASP-2 or hepatitis B vaccine . IgG and IgE epitopes of the Na-ASP-2 molecule were mapped by using sera from these same subjects . studies in adults and children residing in hookworm-endemic areas were conducted to assess the prevalence of IgE responses to Na-ASP-2 . with a single dose of Na-ASP-2 resulted in generalized urticarial reactions in several volunteers . reactions were associated with pre-existing Na-ASP-2-specific IgE likely induced by previous hookworm infection . revealed that a significant proportion of the population in hookworm-endemic areas had increased levels of IgE to Na-ASP-2 . mapping demonstrated sites on the Na-ASP-2 molecule that are uniquely or jointly recognized by IgG and IgE antibodies . with N americanus induces increased levels of total and specific IgE to Na-ASP-2 that result in generalized urticaria on vaccination with recombinant Na-ASP-2 . data advance knowledge of vaccine development for helminths given their propensity to induce strong T ( H ) 2 responses . data highlight the important differences between the immune responses to natural helminth infection and to vaccination with a recombinant helminth antigen .
1766,Abstract #1766,"evaluate the effect of moderate consumption of red wine on composition of platelet phospholipids , discriminating the effect of alcohol from that of non-alcoholic components . randomised crossover study . Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Milan . healthy male volunteers who were moderate drinkers . three periods of 4 weeks , subjects drank three different beverages [ 320 ml of red wine ( providing 30 g/day of alcohol ) , 30 g/day of alcohol diluted in 320 ml of clear fruit juice or 320 ml of dealcoholised red wine ] during the two main meals . treatment was preceded by a period of 4 weeks of complete withdrawal from any alcoholic beverage . the end of each period the fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids was determined on isolated platelets . for a period of 4 weeks of non-alcoholic components either from 320 ml of red wine or from the same amount of dealcoholised red wine resulted in similar increases in polyunsaturated fatty acids in all phospholipid fractions of platelet , with the exception of sphingomyelin . differences were detected when we compared the composition of phospholipids at the end of red wine and alcohol treatments with findings at the end of dealcoholised treatment and abstinence . increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids in platelet phospholipids due to the non-alcoholic components of red wine suggests an antioxidant effect that could be relevant in justifying the protective effect of red wine shown in epidemiological studies ."
1767,Abstract #1767,"variety of vascular effects have been ascribed to 17 beta-oestradiol . effects may partially explain the reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease found in post-menopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy . evaluate the effects of 2 mg sublingual 17 beta-oestradiol on exercise capacity , exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia and circulating levels of endothelin-1 in post-menopausal women with stable coronary artery disease . post-menopausal women , mean age 61 ( range 52-72 ) years , with angiographically verified significant coronary artery disease , were randomly assigned to 2 mg of sublingual 17 beta-oestradiol , 2.5 mg of buccal nitroglycerine and to placebo in a double-blind cross-over study design with at least 2 days between each of the study arms . medications , with the exception of beta-blockers , were discontinued before investigation . study patients underwent a maximal bicycle exercise test 30 min after drug intake . was withdrawn immediately before and up to 8 h after medication for analyses of circulating levels of oestradiol and endothelin-1 . mean serum levels of oestradiol increased from a control level of 72 + / - 28 pmol.l-1 to 3557 + / - 1731 pmol.l-1 after 30 min and to 5028 + / - 3971 pmol.l-1 after 60 min with a gradual decline thereafter . 17 beta-oestradiol did not induce any improvement in exercise duration when compared with nitroglycerin and placebo ( 500 + / - 112 s , 505 + / - 107 s , 498 + / - 157 s ) , and did not influence time to onset of ST-segment depression ( 358 + / - 89 s , 436 + / - 93 s , 384 + / - 116 s ) . plasma levels of endothelin-1 did not change after administration of 17 beta-oestradiol , nitroglycerin or placebo . effects of exercise capacity , exercise-induced acute ischaemia , or plasma levels of endothelin-1 were found after a single dose of 2 mg 17 beta-oestradiol in post-menopausal women with documented coronary artery disease ."
1768,Abstract #1768,"study the preventive effect of a milk drink fermented with multistrain probiotics on antibiotic associated diarrhoea ( AAD ) . placebo controlled study . Hospital of North Norway . 853 patients treated with antibiotics , 87 met the inclusion criteria , and were randomized to ingestion of a fermented milk drink containing LGG , La-5 and Bb-12 ( n = 46 ) or placebo with heat-killed bacteria ( n = 41 ) , during a period of 14 days . diary was recorded , and stool samples were collected for microbiological analyses . patients completed the study according to the protocol ; two patients ( 5.9 % ) in the treatment group and eight ( 27.6 % ) in the placebo group developed AAD ( P = 0.035 ) . relative risk of developing AAD was 0.21 ( 95 % confidence interval : 0.05-0 .93 ) when given probiotic milk drink . fermented multistrain probiotic milk drink may prevent four of five cases of AAD in adult hospitalized patients . BA , Oslo , Norway ."
1769,Abstract #1769,"evaluate the utility of a semipermeable polymeric membrane dressing for the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers . subjects with either insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( IDDM ) or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM ) and foot ulcers were randomly assigned to the polymeric dressing or conventional wet-to-dry saline dressings . had foot ulcer site measurements performed every 3 weeks . subjects using conventional therapy were allowed to cross over to polymeric dressing after 2 months . the end of 2 months , in the patients using the polymeric dressing , ulcer size was reduced to 35 + / - 16 % of baseline . patients on conventional therapy had an ulcer size of 105 + / - 28 % of baseline ( P < 0.03 , polymeric vs. conventional ) . initially treated with wet-to-dry saline were crossed over into the polymeric membrane treatment and demonstrated a decrease to 35 + / - 11 % of baseline size ( p < 0.02 ) after an additional 2 months . semipermeable polymeric membrane dressing is a useful therapeutic option for treating uncomplicated chronic diabetic foot ulcers ."
1770,Abstract #1770,"is a new oral disease-modifying therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis . concluded a randomized trial involving 1088 patients with multiple sclerosis , 18 to 55 years of age , with a score of 0 to 5.5 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale and at least one relapse in the previous year or at least two relapses in the previous 2 years . were randomly assigned ( in a 1:1:1 ratio ) to placebo , 7 mg of teriflunomide , or 14 mg of teriflunomide once daily for 108 weeks . primary end point was the annualized relapse rate , and the key secondary end point was confirmed progression of disability for at least 12 weeks . reduced the annualized relapse rate ( 0.54 for placebo vs. 0.37 for teriflunomide at either 7 or 14 mg ) , with relative risk reductions of 31.2 % and 31.5 % , respectively ( P < 0.001 for both comparisons with placebo ) . proportion of patients with confirmed disability progression was 27.3 % with placebo , 21.7 % with teriflunomide at 7 mg ( P = 0.08 ) , and 20.2 % with teriflunomide at 14 mg ( P = 0.03 ) . teriflunomide doses were superior to placebo on a range of end points measured by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) . , nausea , and hair thinning were more common with teriflunomide than with placebo . incidence of elevated alanine aminotransferase levels ( 1 times the upper limit of the normal range ) was higher with teriflunomide at 7 mg and 14 mg ( 54.0 % and 57.3 % , respectively ) than with placebo ( 35.9 % ) ; the incidence of levels that were at least 3 times the upper limit of the normal range was similar in the lower - and higher-dose teriflunomide groups and the placebo group ( 6.3 % , 6.7 % , and 6.7 % , respectively ) . infections were reported in 1.6 % , 2.5 % , and 2.2 % of patients in the three groups , respectively . deaths occurred . significantly reduced relapse rates , disability progression ( at the higher dose ) , and MRI evidence of disease activity , as compared with placebo . Funded by Sanofi-Aventis ; TEMSO ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00134563 . )"
1771,Abstract #1771,"aims of this study were to investigate the safety , tolerability , pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of regadenoson ( CVT-3146 ) in healthy , male volunteers . healthy , male volunteers aged 18-50 years were included in this randomised , double-blind , crossover , placebo-controlled study to evaluate single intravenous bolus doses of regadenoson that ranged from 0.1 to 30.0 micro g/kg . received one dose of regadenoson or placebo on successive days while supine , then the same dose of regadenoson or placebo on successive days while standing . part of the safety evaluation , vital signs and adverse events were monitored and recorded throughout the course of the study in all subjects . to 20 plasma samples were collected for regadenoson concentration determination within the 24 hours after each supine dosage . urine was collected during the 24-hour time period post-dose and an aliquot was used for the determination of the regadenoson concentration . rate and blood pressure were recorded at many of the same timepoints that the samples for the pharmacokinetic analysis were taken . non linear mixed-effect modelling approach , using the software NONMEM , was utilised in modelling the plasma and urine concentration-time profiles and temporal changes in heart rate after regadenoson administration in the supine position . influences of several covariates , including bodyweight , body mass index and age , on pharmacokinetic model parameters were investigated . events were more prevalent at regadenoson doses above 3 micro g/kg , and the increase in the occurrence of adverse events was dose-related . of the adverse events were related to vasodilation and an increase in heart rate and were generally of mild to moderate severity . on the severity and frequency of adverse events , the maximum tolerated doses of regadenoson were deemed to be 10 micro g/kg in the standing position and 20 micro g/kg in the supine position . pharmacokinetics of regadenoson were successfully described by a three-compartment model with linear clearance . intravenous bolus dose administration , regadenoson was rapidly distributed throughout the body , followed by relatively slower elimination ( terminal elimination half-life of approximately 2 hours ) . clearance was estimated to be 37.8 L/h , with renal excretion accounting for approximately 58 % of the total elimination . volume of distribution of the central compartment and the volume of distribution at steady state were estimated to be 11.5 L and 78.7 L , respectively . pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were fixed in the pharmacodynamic model , where changes in heart rate were related to plasma drug concentrations using a Michaelis-Menten model . maximum heart rate increase ( Emax ) and plasma regadenoson concentration causing a 50 % increase in the maximum heart rate ( EC50 ) were estimated to be 76 beats per minute and 12.3 ng/mL , respectively . of the tested covariates was found to be correlated with any of the pharmacokinetic model parameters . pharmacokinetics and the effects of regadenoson on heart rate were successfully described using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling . lack of a correlation between the model estimates and various baseline patient demographics supports unit-based dose administration of regadenoson ."
1772,Abstract #1772,"compare the reduction of ADHD symptoms under atomoxetine ( ATX ) in patients with and without pretreatment with a stimulant medication using a computer-based Continuous Performance Test ( cb-CPT ) combined with an infrared motion tracking ( MT ) device . , placebo-controlled study in ADHD patients ( 6-12 years ) treated with ATX ( target dose = 1.2 mg/kg per day ) . cb-CPT/MT scores were analyzed using ANCOVA ( last observation carried forward ) . data ( n = 125 ) suggested a differential ATX treatment effect between pretreated and stimulant-nave patients in terms of three cb-CPT/MT parameters . secondary analysis provided evidence that ATX reduced ADHD symptom severity measured by cb-CPT/MT parameters regardless of stimulant pretreatment . few differential effects were seen based on the cb-CPT/MT . , no clear pattern could be identified and , overall , the observed differences have no larger clinical relevance . ATX effect in this study seemed to be largely independent of any previous exposure to stimulants ."
1773,Abstract #1773,"evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) and mitomycin C ( MMC ) when used as adjuncts with primary trabeculectomy in eyes not at high risk for failure . multicenter , randomized clinical trial . hundred thirteen patients with primary open-angle , pseudoexfoliative , pigmentary , or angle-closure glaucoma undergoing primary trabeculectomy were recruited . eye of each patient was randomized to receive either 5-FU ( 50 mg/ml for 5 minutes ) or MMC ( 0.4 mg/ml for 2 minutes ) . pressure ( IOP ) , visual acuity , complications , and interventions were documented at fixed intervals after surgery . study also examined progression of visual field loss , long-term complications , and bleb appearance 3 years after surgery . the 108 patients with complete perioperative information , 54 eyes received 5-FU and 54 received MMC . proportion of patients reaching different predefined target IOPs after surgery was slightly higher in the MMC group than in the 5-FU group . difference was less than 25 % , which would have been necessary to achieve statistical significance with a power of 0.8 and the sample size used . , there was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to mean preoperative IOP , complications , or interventions . postoperative follow-up was 309 and 330 days in the 5-FU and MMC groups , respectively ( P = 0.593 ) . and MMC were found to be equally safe and effective adjuncts to primary trabeculectomy in the short - and medium-term postoperative periods ."
1774,Abstract #1774,"and rituximab have shown additive activity in preclinical models of lymphoma , and have been shown to be active and generally well tolerated in a randomised phase 2 study in patients with follicular and marginal zone lymphoma . compared the efficacy and safety of rituximab alone or combined with bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma in a phase 3 setting . this multicentre phase 3 trial , rituximab-naive or rituximab-sensitive patients aged 18 years or older with relapsed grade 1 or 2 follicular lymphoma were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) to receive five 35-day cycles consisting of intravenous infusions of rituximab 375 mg/m ( 2 ) on days 1 , 8 , 15 , and 22 of cycle 1 , and on day 1 of cycles 2-5 , either alone or with bortezomib 16 mg/m ( 2 ) , administered by intravenous injection on days 1 , 8 , 15 , and 22 of all cycles . was stratified by FLIPI score , previous use of rituximab , time since last therapy , and region . assignment was based on a computer-generated randomisation schedule prepared by the sponsor . and treating physicians were not masked to treatment allocation . primary endpoint was progression-free survival analysed by intention to treat . trial has been completed and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00312845 . April 10 , 2006 , and Aug 12 , 2008 , 676 patients were randomised to receive rituximab ( n = 340 ) or bortezomib plus rituximab ( n = 336 ) . a median follow-up of 339 months ( IQR 264-397 ) , median progression-free survival was 110 months ( 95 % CI 91-120 ) in the rituximab group and 128 months ( 115-150 ) in the bortezomib plus rituximab group ( hazard ratio 082 , 95 % CI 068-099 ; p = 0039 ) . magnitude of clinical benefit was not as large as the anticipated prespecified improvement of 33 % in progression-free survival . in both groups received a median of five treatment cycles ( range 1-5 ) ; 245 of 339 ( 72 % ) and 237 of 334 ( 71 % ) patients in the rituximab and bortezomib plus rituximab groups , respectively , completed five cycles . patients who did not complete five cycles , most discontinued early because of disease progression ( 77 [ 23 % ] patients in the rituximab group , and 56 [ 17 % ] patients in the bortezomib plus rituximab group ) . of adverse events of grade 3 or higher ( 70 [ 21 % ] of 339 rituximab-treated patients vs 152 [ 46 % ] of 334 bortezomib plus rituximab treated patients ) , and serious adverse events ( 37 [ 11 % ] patients vs 59 [ 18 % ] patients ) were lower in the rituximab group than in the combination group . most common adverse events of grade 3 or higher were neutropenia ( 15 [ 4 % ] patients in the rituximab group and 37 [ 11 % ] patients in the bortezomib plus rituximab group ) , infection ( 15 [ 4 % ] patients and 36 [ 11 % ] patients , respectively ) , diarrhoea ( no patients and 25 [ 7 % ] patients , respectively ) , herpes zoster ( one [ < 1 % ] patient and 12 [ 4 % ] patients , respectively ) , nausea or vomiting ( two [ < 1 % ] patients and 10 [ 3 % ] patients , respectively ) and thrombocytopenia ( two [ < 1 % ] patients and 10 [ 3 % ] patients , respectively ) . individual serious adverse event was reported by more than three patients in the rituximab group ; in the bortezomib plus rituximab group , only pneumonia ( seven patients [ 2 % ] ) and pyrexia ( six patients [ 2 % ] ) were reported in more than five patients . the bortezomib plus rituximab group 57 ( 17 % ) of 334 patients had peripheral neuropathy ( including sensory , motor , and sensorimotor neuropathy ) , including nine ( 3 % ) with grade 3 or higher , compared with three ( 1 % ) of 339 patients in the rituximab group ( no events of grade 3 ) . patients in the rituximab group but three ( 1 % ) patients in the bortezomib plus rituximab group died of adverse events considered at least possibly related to treatment . a regimen of bortezomib plus rituximab is feasible , the improvement in progression-free survival provided by this regimen versus rituximab alone was not as great as expected . regimen might represent a useful addition to the armamentarium , particularly for some subgroups of patients . & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development and Millennium Pharmaceuticals , Inc. ."
1775,Abstract #1775,"observe the clinical effects and safety of Xiongshao Capsule ( XSC ) in treating patients with coronary heart disease angina of Xin-blood stasis syndrome . hundred and forty patients were randomized equally into two groups , the treatment group and control group . were treated with XSC and Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule respectively for 4 weeks . therapeutic effect on angina pectoris , the dosage of nitroglycerin used and its withdrawal rate were observed , and changes in Chinese medical syndrome , electrocardiogram ( ECG ) , blood lipids , and hemorrheologic figure were observed before and after treatment . favorable effects on angina pectoris , ECG , Chinese medical syndromes , and clinical symptoms were observed in the treatment groups , showing significant statistical difference in improving angina pectoris and ECG to the control group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) . was effective and safe in treating coronary heart disease angina of Xin-blood stasis syndrome ."
1776,Abstract #1776,"determine the importance of distance knowledge , distance feedback , and prior experience on the setting of a pacing strategy . well-trained male cyclists were randomly assigned to a control ( CON ) group or an experimental ( EXP ) group and performed four consecutive 4-km time trials ( TT ) , separated by a 17-min recovery . CON group received prior knowledge of distance to be cycled and received distance feedback throughout each TT ; the EXP group received neither but knew that each TT was of the same distance . EXP group was significantly slower than the CON group to complete TT1 ( 367.4 + / - 21 vs 409.4 + / - 45.5 s , P < 0.001 ) . between groups in completion time reduced over successive TT ( CON TT4 = 373.9 + / - 20 s vs EXP TT4 = 373.8 + / - 14.4 s ) , shown by a significant linear contrast ( F1 ,16 = 12.39 , P < 0.0005 ) . speed and power output also showed significantly reduced differences between groups over successive TT ( P < 0.0005 ) . , peak power output showed no such convergence between groups over TT . blood lactate was significantly different between groups in TT1 , but differences between groups converged with successive TT . progressively improving completion times in the EXP group show that distance feedback is not essential in developing an appropriate pacing strategy . experience of an unknown distance appears to allow the creation of an internal , relative distance that is used to establish a pacing strategy ."
1777,Abstract #1777,"present study used telephone support both to sustain abstinence and to encourage renewed quit attempts in smokers who had completed an intensive smoking cessation clinic . were hard-core smokers ( n = 1083 ) who had attended a multisession cessation clinic . were then assigned randomly to receive telephone support ( intervention calls 3 , 9 , and 21 months after the targeted cessation clinic quit date ) or no further intervention . the intervention condition , subjects who relapsed were significantly more likely to resume abstinence ( that is , to recycle ) than those in the comparison condition at follow-up ( 6 months : 17.8 % vs 11.3 % ; 24 months : 25.7 % vs 18.2 % ) . support was not effective in preventing relapse , and overall differences in abstinence outcome were not significant . major hypothesis of the current study -- that telephone support would enhance the resumption of abstinence -- received partial support . , there was no evidence either of an overall treatment effect or of an effect in preventing relapse . outreach may be more effective in the context of self-help or other less intensive interventions ."
1778,Abstract #1778,"constipation represents a common problem in children . treatment of functional constipation is challenging . studies have investigated the effect of prokinetic agents as potential therapies for motility disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract with paradoxical results . present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral domperidone in the treatment of chronic functional constipation in children . total of 105 children with chronic functional constipation ( according to Rome III criteria ) who were referred to the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic were recruited in this double-blind randomized clinical trial . study subjects were randomly divided into two groups , the first of which received polyethylene glycol ( PEG ) solution 0.6 g/kg/day two times a day for 6 months and domperidone syrup 0.15 mL/kg three times a day for 3 months ( case group ) while the second one received PEG with the same dose for 6 months and placebo for 3 months with the same dose ( control group ) . two groups were compared regarding their symptoms and Rome III criteria through 1 , 3 , and 6 months following therapy . outcome was response to treatment , and a response was defined as decrease in signs and symptoms that did not fulfill Rome III criteria . outcome measures were side effects during the course of treatment . significant difference was observed both before and after PEG and domperidone treatment and before and after PEG and placebo treatment regarding Rome III criteria . was no significant difference in response to treatment between the two study groups during 1 ( p = 1 ) , 3 ( p = 0.799 ) , and 6 ( p = 0.403 ) month follow up periods . , the two groups were not significantly different regarding the Rome III criteria during the mentioned follow up periods . were no side effects during the course of treatment . was no additional effect of domperidone as adjunct to PEG in the treatment of children with constipation ."
1779,Abstract #1779,"effect of interdisciplinary primary care teams on the use of health services by patients with multiple chronic conditions is uncertain . study aimed to measure the effect of guided care teams on multimorbid older patients ' use of health services . patients from 3 health care systems in the Baltimore , Maryland-Washington , DC , area were cluster-randomized to receive guided care or usual care for 20 months between November 1 , 2006 , and June 30 , 2008 . services of a guided care nurse working in partnership with patients ' primary care physicians were provided : comprehensive assessment , evidence-based care planning , monthly monitoring of symptoms and adherence , transitional care , coordination of health care professionals , support for self-management , support for family caregivers , and enhanced access to community services . measures were frequency of use of emergency departments , hospitals , skilled nursing facilities , home health agencies , primary care physician services , and specialty physician services . study included 850 older patients at high risk for using health care heavily in the future . only statistically significant overall effect of guided care in the whole sample was a reduction in episodes of home health care ( odds ratio , 0.70 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.53-0 .93 ) . a preplanned analysis , guided care also reduced skilled nursing facility admissions ( odds ratio , 0.53 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.31-0 .89 ) and days ( 0.48 ; 0.28-0 .84 ) among Kaiser-Permanente patients . care reduces the use of home health care but has little effect on the use of other health services in the short run . positive effect on Kaiser-Permanente patients ' use of skilled nursing facilities and other health services is intriguing . Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT00121940 ."
1780,Abstract #1780,"compare the efficacy , safety and tolerability of different therapies in Caucasian patients with osteoarthritis ( QA ) of the knee . cases ( 90 knee joints ) of osteoarthritis were randomly divided into 3 groups , western medicine group , traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) group , integrated Chinese and western medicine group . western medicine group were treated with oral administration of Glucosamine Sulfate , oral administration and external application of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent , ultrasound physiotherapy , etc. . TCM group were treated with oral administration of J uanbi Decoction , acupuncture and moxibustion , cupping , massage of acupoint and ear acupuncture . integrated Chinese and western medicine group were treated with oral administration of Glucosamine Sulfate , oral administration and external application of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent , acupuncture and moxibustion , cupping , massage of acupoint and ear acupuncture . intensity of knee joint pain on walking , resting and standing , the nocturnal pain , stiffness , the maximum walking distance and the daily living ability were monitored after 30 days , 60 days and 90 days of treatment . 90 days of treatment , the integrated Chinese and western medicine group was better than other two groups in improvement of percentages in self pain assessment with visual analog scale ( VAS ) , pain and stiffness measured by WOMAC scale , pain and maximum walking distance measured by Lequesne scale ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) . were no significant differences in the therapeutic effects between the TCM group and the western medicine group . of these three treatments were well tolerated , and no severe adverse events were found . TCM and western medicine treatment has rapid and definite therapeutic effect in reducing pain and improving mobility of knee joints and daily living ability in Caucasian patients of knee osteoarthritis ."
1781,Abstract #1781,"have reported a lack of knowledge and understanding of stroke and its risk factors . remains about the most appropriate and effective method of educating patients after stroke . assess the impact of the CareFile , an individualized information booklet , on patients ' knowledge and satisfaction level after stroke . pilot study for a controlled trial . large teaching hospital in Liverpool , UK . stroke patients admitted over a 9-month period , who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate , were randomised into this study . patients received the usual stroke information leaflets provided by the stroke unit . addition , the intervention group received the ; CareFile ' , a booklet containing general information and patient-specific information on stroke . in both groups completed a stroke knowledge questionnaire at baseline , and at three and six months post-stroke . the 259 admissions , 100 were eligible to participate , and 50 were randomised to each group . was no significant difference in patient knowledge between the groups at baseline ( P > 0.05 ) . , at three ( P < 0.05 ) and six ( P < 0.005 ) months post-stroke , the intervention group had significantly better knowledge of stroke . were no differences between the groups regarding satisfaction with the information received . simple education package , in the form of an individualized information booklet , resulted in a significant improvement in knowledge and recognition of risk factors for stroke . CareFile should make a valuable contribution in meeting the requirements of the National Sentinel Audit and National Service Framework regarding provision of information to patients after stroke ."
1782,Abstract #1782,"is a selective progesterone receptor modulator with mixed progesterone agonist/antagonist activity which controls uterine bleeding via an endometrial effect . study examined full-thickness endometrial , leiomyoma and myometrial morphology in hysterectomy specimens from patients with uterine leiomyomata , after treatment with asoprisnil for 3 months . this double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study , 33 subjects with uterine leiomyomata were randomized to receive asoprisnil 10 , 25 mg or placebo for an average of 95 days prior to hysterectomy . of endometrium , myometrium and leiomyoma tissue were subjected to systematic morphological assessment with quantification of mitotic activity . patients treated with 10 or 25 mg asoprisnil , a unique pattern called ` non-physiologic secretory effect ' was evident in endometrium , recognizable through partially developed secretory glandular appearances and stromal changes . thickness was decreased , and there were low levels of mitotic activity in endometrial glands and stroma . thick-walled muscular arterioles and prominent aggregations of thin-walled vessels were present in endometrial stroma , but not in myometrium or non-endometrial vascular beds . activity was decreased in leiomyomata . induces unique morphological changes and is associated with low levels of glandular and stromal proliferation in endometrium , and in leiomyomata . changes are likely to contribute to the amenorrhoea experienced after exposure to the medication ."
1783,Abstract #1783,"determine whether intravenously administered iron supplements would improve the hematologic response to recombinant erythropoietin in stable preterm infants . preterm infants ( < 33 weeks ' gestation , birth weight < 1500 gm , hematocrit < 38 % ) were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin ( Eprex ) , 600 U/kg per week , and randomly assigned to receive either an oral preparation of ferrous lactate ( elemental iron , 12 mg/kg per day ) or an intravenous preparation of iron sucrose ( 6 mg/kg per week ) . , reticulocyte counts , and transfusions were similar in the oral group ( OG ) and the intravenous group ( IVG ) . , markedly higher serum ferritin concentrations were noted in the IVG ( p < 0.001 ) , and by completion of the study the arithmetic mean values were 265 + / - 127 microg/L versus 137 + / - 65 microg/L in the IVG and the OG , respectively . numbers of hypochromic erythrocytes increased in both groups during the study but were significantly higher in the OG ( p = 0.04 ) . daily weight gain in the IVG ( 27 + / - 6.4 gm/day ) was greater than in the OG ( 22.9 + / - 4.78 gm/day ; p = 0.04 ) . doses of both orally administered iron and intravenously administered iron sucrose appear to supply sufficient iron for erythropoiesis in stable infants . iron may become depleted after oral supplementation . intravenous preparation appears to be safe and maintains serum ferritin concentrations , and it may be indicated for patients with low ferritin levels and for those not established on enteral feedings ."
1784,Abstract #1784,"define the optimum tamoxifen dose for reducing bicalutamide ( CASODEX ) 150 mg monotherapy-induced breast events ( ie , gynaecomastia or breast pain or both ) without compromising disease control . was a double-blind , parallel-group , multicentre trial in which 282 patients with prostate cancer were randomised to receive bicalutamide 150 mg/d plus either daily tamoxifen ( 1 , 2.5 , 5 , 10 , or 20mg ) or placebo for 12 mo , followed by 12 mo of treatment with bicalutamide only . end points were incidence of breast events and prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) inhibition and were analysed at 6 mo ( the primary analysis ) and also at 12 and 24 mo. . 6 and 12 mo , tamoxifen decreased the incidence of breast events in a dose-dependent manner , with breast events observed in 86.2 % , 60.0 % , 55.3 % , 23.5 % , and 8.8 % of patients receiving tamoxifen 1 , 2.5 , 5 , 10 , and 20 mg , respectively , compared with 96.7 % of patients receiving placebo at 6 mo. . 24 mo ( ie , after 12 mo of bicalutamide monotherapy ) , a high incidence of breast events was seen in all groups . was no evidence of a negative effect on PSA inhibition at any assessment . nonbreast adverse effects were similar across groups , except for an increase in hot flushes with tamoxifen doses > or = 5 mg . findings suggest that prophylactic tamoxifen 20 mg/d is an effective dose for reduction of bicalutamide-induced breast events and does not appear to affect disease control based on PSA suppression ."
1785,Abstract #1785,"vitro and animal studies suggest a critical role for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 ( PSGL-1 ) in the regulation of WBC adhesion and neutrophil counts . WBC activation decreases PSGL-1 expression on WBCs in vitro , the effects of G-CSF on PSGL-1 expression were examined . different G-CSF doses ( 1 and 5 microg/kg IV ) were compared with high-dose dexamethasone ( 1 mg/kg twice daily ) and placebo in a randomized , double-blind , four-way cross-over trial in eight healthy volunteers . expression of WBC adhesion molecules was quantified by flow cytometry . G-CSF and dexamethasone led to a delayed down regulation of L-selectin . contrast , G-CSF rapidly down regulated PSGL-1 expression on neutrophils within 90 minutes , whereas neither dexamethasone nor placebo had an effect . , incubation of WBCs with clinically relevant G-CSF concentrations ( 60 microg/L ) for 90 minutes down modulated PSGL-1 expression on neutrophils and enhanced CD11b expression , compatible with a direct PSGL-1 down regulation by G-CSF-induced neutrophil activation . to G-CSF , GM-CSF down regulated PSGL-1 in vitro . drugs induced shedding of soluble PSGL-1 , supporting the concept that proteolytic cleavage is a potential mechanism of PSGL-1 down regulation on neutrophils . , but not dexamethasone , down regulates PSGL-1 expression on the surface of neutrophils in humans . could also partly explain the synergistic effects when both drugs are combined for optimal mobilization of neutrophils for clinical granulocyte transfusion programs ."
1786,Abstract #1786,"determine the most cost-effective method of screening for atrial fibrillation ( AF ) in the population aged 65 years and over , as well as its prevalence and incidence in this age group . to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of different methods of recording and interpreting the electrocardiogram ( ECG ) within a screening programme . randomised controlled trial . selected general practices were randomly allocated to 25 intervention practices and 25 control practices . primary care centres across the West Midlands , UK . aged 65 years and over . and practice nurses in the intervention practices received education on the importance of AF detection and ECG interpretation . in the intervention practices were randomly allocated to systematic ( n = 5000 ) or opportunistic screening ( n = 5000 ) . identification of pre-existing risk factors for AF within the screened population enabled comparison between targeted screening of people at higher risk of AF and total population screening . detection rates in systematically screened and opportunistically screened populations in the intervention practices were compared with AF detection rate in 5000 patients in the control practices . screening period was 12 months . prevalence of AF was 7.2 % , with a higher prevalence in males ( 7.8 % ) and patients aged 75 years and over ( 10.3 % ) . control population demonstrated higher baseline prevalence ( 7.9 % ) than either the systematic ( 6.9 % ) or opportunistic ( 6.9 % ) intervention population . the control population 47 new cases were detected ( incidence 1.04 % per year ) . the opportunistic arm 243 patients without a baseline diagnosis of AF were found to have an irregular pulse , with 177 having an ECG , yielding 31 new cases ( incidence 0.69 % per year ) . further 44 cases were detected outside the screening programme ( overall incidence 1.64 % per year ) . the systematic arm 2357 patients had an ECG yielding 52 new cases ( incidence 1.1 % per year ) . these , 31 were detected by targeted screening and a further 21 by total population screening . further 22 cases were detected outside the screening programme ( overall incidence 1.62 % per year ) . terms of ECG interpretation , computerised decision support software ( CDSS ) gave a sensitivity of 87.3 % , a specificity of 99.1 % and a positive predictive value ( PPV ) of 89.5 % compared with the gold standard ( cardiologist reporting ) . and practice nurses performed less well . only difference in performance between intervention populations and controls was that practice nurses from the control arm performed less well than with intervention practice nurses on interpretation of limb-lead ( PPV 38.8 % versus 20.8 % ) and single-lead ( PPV 37.7 % versus 24.0 % ) ECGs . within-trial economic evaluation results showed the lowest incremental cost to be for the opportunistic arm , with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 337 pounds Sterling for each additional case detected compared to the control arm . screening dominated both more intensive screening strategies . analyses showed small differences in cost and quality-adjusted life-years for different methods and intensities of screening , but annual opportunistic screening resulted in the lowest number of ischaemic strokes and greatest proportion of cases of AF diagnosed . sensitivity results indicated that there was a probability of approximately 60 % that screening from the age of 65 years was cost-effective in both men and women . results of the study indicated that in terms of a screening programme for atrial fibrillation in patients 65 and over , the only strategy that improved on routine practice was opportunistic screening , model-based analyses indicated that there was a probability of approximately 60 % of annual opportunistic screening being cost effective . is suggested that the following topics are worthy of further investigation : the effect of the implementation of a screening programme for AF on the uptake and maintenance of anticoagulation in patients aged 65 years and over ; an evaluation of the role of CDSS in the diagnosis of cardiac arrythmias ; the best method for routinely detecting paroxysmal AF ; ways of improving healthcare professionals ' performance in ECG interpretation ; development of a robust economic model to incorporate data on new therapeutic agents for use as thromboprophylactic agents for patients with AF , and an evaluation of the relative risk of stroke for patients with incident as opposed to prevalent AF ."
1787,Abstract #1787,"assessed the effect of prenatal and peripartum antibiotics on maternal morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected and uninfected women . multicenter trial was conducted at clinical sites in 4 Sub-Saharan African cities : Blantyre and Lilongwe , Malawi ; Dar es Salaam , Tanzania ; and Lusaka , Zambia . total of 1558 HIV-infected and 271 uninfected pregnant women who were eligible to receive both the prenatal and peripartum antibiotic/placebo regimens were enrolled . women were interviewed at 20-24 weeks of gestation and a physical examination was performed . were randomized to receive either antibiotics or placebo . the 26-30 week visit , participants were given antibiotics or placebo to be taken every 4 hours beginning at the onset of labor and continuing after delivery 3 times a day until a 1-week course was completed . regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used . were no significant differences between the antibiotic and placebo groups for medical conditions , obstetric complications , physical examination findings , puerperal sepsis , and death in either the HIV-infected or the uninfected cohort . of study antibiotics during pregnancy had no effect on maternal morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant women ."
1788,Abstract #1788,"data are available concerning the effects on clinical outcome and left ventricular function of abciximab administration in patients undergoing rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) after failed thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction . aim of the study was to investigate such effects . consecutive patients referred to our laboratory from other hospitals for rescue PTCA within 24 hours from the onset of chest pain were prospectively randomized before the procedure to abciximab treatment ( 44 patients ) or placebo ( 45 patients ) . significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the 2 groups . end points were the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events ( MACE ) such as death , reinfarction , congestive heart failure , target lesion revascularization , or recurrent ischemia at 30-day and 6-month follow-up and the occurrence of periprocedural bleeding . time from symptom onset to reperfusion was 8.5 + / -5.4 hours ; rescue PTCA was successful in 96 % of patients . incidence of major , moderate , and minor bleeding was similar in the 2 groups . 30-day follow-up , the echocardiographic left ventricular wall motion score index showed a significantly higher improvement in the abciximab group versus the placebo group ( P < .001 ) . 6-month follow-up , the incidence of MACE was 11 % in the abciximab group versus 38 % in the placebo group ( P = .004 ) . administration ( P = .003 ) and cardiogenic shock ( P = .005 ) were the only independent predictors of the occurrence of MACE at multivariable analysis . with abciximab during rescue PTCA positively affects clinical outcome at 6-month follow-up without increasing periprocedural bleeding ."
1789,Abstract #1789,"the long term benefits observed with metformin use in diabetes patients , a role in modulating oxidative stress is imputable . of metformin on markers of oxidative stress , antioxidant reserve , and HDL-c associated antioxidant enzymes were investigated . a clinical trial setting ( Registered under Clinical Trials.gov Identifier no . ) 99 medication-nave , newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were randomly assigned to either metformin or lifestyle modification . , AGE , FRAP , activities of LCAT , and PON were measured at baseline and after 12-weeks . values of the oxidative stress markers did not differ significantly between the two groups . cases , after three months treatment , there was a significant reduction in AOPP ( 137.5225.59 , 118.4538.42 , p < 0.001 ) , and AGE ( 69.284.58 , 64.318.64 , p = 0.002 ) . and PON increased significantly ( 1060.67226.69 , 1347.80251.40 , p < 0.001 and 29.8523.18 , 37.8627.60 , p = 0.012 respectively ) . levels remained unchanged ( 45.234.95 , 46.156.28 , p = 0.439 ) . the two groups in a final multivariate model , AOPP , FRAP , and AGE levels changed more significantly in metformin compared with lifestyle modification alone ( p = 0.007 , p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively ) . in LCAT or PON activities did not differ between the two groups ( p = 0.199 and 0.843 respectively ) . of metformin is more effective in reducing oxidative stress compared with lifestyle modification alone ."
1790,Abstract #1790,"of oxycodone for chronic cancer pain has been hampered by its short elimination half-life . study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of controlled-release formulations of oxycodone and morphine for cancer pain . adult patients with cancer pain and a > or = 3-day history of stable analgesia with oral opioids provided written informed consent and were randomized to controlled-release oxycodone or controlled-release morphine for 7 days . blind the study using available tablet strengths , the dose ratio of oxycodone to morphine was set at 1:1.5 . day 8 , patients were crossed over to the alternate drug for 7 days . intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale ( VAS 0 to 100 mm ) and a categorical scale ( CAT 0 to 4 ) . effects were assessed using a checklist ( four-point categorical severity ) and a nondirected questionnaire . and investigators made blinded global ratings of efficacy and treatment preference . patients completed the study ( 10 men , 13 women ) . VAS and CAT scores were ( mean + / - SD ) 23 + / -21 and 1.2 + / -0.8 on controlled-release oxycodone , and 24 + / -20 ( P = .43 ) and 1.3 + / -0.7 ( P = .36 ) on controlled-release morphine . period or carryover effect was detected . were no significant differences in adverse effects ( P = .40 ) or ratings of efficacy and preference . median oxycodone/morphine dose ratio was 1.5 and the maximum was 2.3 . oxycodone is as safe and effective as controlled-release morphine in the treatment of cancer pain ."
1791,Abstract #1791,"evidence from behavioral weight control trials and community studies suggests that greater frequency of weighing oneself , or tracking weight , is associated with better weight outcomes . , it has also been suggested that frequent weight tracking may have a negative impact on mental health and outcomes during weight loss , but there are minimal experimental data that address this concern in the context of an active weight loss program . achieve the long-term goal of strengthening behavioral weight loss programs , the purpose of this randomized controlled trial ( the Tracking Study ) is to test variations on frequency of self-weighing during a behavioral weight loss program , and to examine psychosocial and mental health correlates of weight tracking and weight loss outcomes . paper describes the study design , intervention features , recruitment , and baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in the Tracking Study . hundred thirty-nine overweight and obese adults were recruited and randomized to one of three variations on weight tracking frequency during a 12-month weight loss program with a 12-month follow-up : daily weight tracking , weekly weight tracking , or no weight tracking . primary outcome is weight in kilograms at 24 months . weight loss program integrates each weight tracking instruction with standard behavioral weight loss techniques ( goal setting , self-monitoring , stimulus control , dietary and physical activity enhancements , lifestyle modifications ) ; participants in weight tracking conditions were provided with wireless Internet technology ( wi-fi-enabled digital scales and touchscreen personal devices ) to facilitate weight tracking during the study . study was successful in recruiting adult male and female participants and is positioned to enhance the standard of care with regard to weight tracking recommendations ."
1792,Abstract #1792,"studies in healthy male volunteers were carried out to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of a new divisible formulation of lamotrigine ( CAS 84057-84-1 , Plexxo , Lamotrigin Desitin ) in plasma in comparison to plain or dispersible lamotrigine tablets . plasma pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine were analysed after administration of single doses of 100 mg lamotrigine given as one tablet of the new formulation and either the plain or the dispersible reference formulation in two separate studies . each study the data of 24 subjects were analysed according to the study protocol . blood samples were taken at appropriate intervals up to 120 h after dosing . of lamotrigine were determined in plasma by a validated HPLC method using UV detection . both studies , mean plasma concentration-time profiles of the new lamotrigine formulation and both reference formulations ran nearly in parallel . pharmacokinetic mean data calculated from different subject groups of the two studies were very similar . mean ratios of the main pharmacokinetic parameters and the corresponding 90 % confidence intervals of AUC ( 0-t ) , AUC ( 0-inf ) and C ( max ) were 103 % ( 99.7-105 .7 ) , 103 % ( 99.6-107 .3 ) and 101 % ( 95.2-106 .6 ) for the comparison with the plain lamotrigine tablet and 100 % ( 98.0-102 .8 ) , 100 % ( 96.5-102 .8 ) and 102 % ( 99.1-105 .3 ) for the comparison with the dispersible/chewable tablet , respectively . most frequently reported adverse events possibly related to the administration of lamotrigine were headache and dizziness in both studies . is concluded that the new divisible lamotrigine formulation is bioequivalent with regard to rate and extent of absorption to both the plain reference lamotrigine product and to the dispersible/chewable reference product ."
1793,Abstract #1793,"is a neurokinin ( 1 ) receptor antagonist that , in combination with a corticosteroid and a 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 3 ) receptor antagonist , has been shown to be very effective in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting . doses used for the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting , aprepitant is a moderate inhibitor of cytochrome P4503A4 and may be used in conjunction with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone and methylprednisolone , which are substrates of cytochrome P4503A4 . effects of aprepitant on the these 2 corticosteroids were evaluated . 1 was an open-label , randomized , incomplete-block , 3-period crossover study with 20 subjects . A consisted of a standard oral dexamethasone regimen for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting ( 20 mg dexamethasone on day 1 , 8 mg dexamethasone on days 2 to 5 ) . B was used to examine the effects of oral aprepitant ( 125 mg aprepitant on day 1 , 80 mg aprepitant on days 2 to 5 ) on the standard dexamethasone regimen . C was used to examine the effects of aprepitant on a modified dexamethasone regimen ( 12 mg dexamethasone on day 1 , 4 mg dexamethasone on days 2 to 5 ) . subjects also received 32 mg ondansetron intravenously on day 1 only . 2 was a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , 2-period crossover study with 10 subjects . in one group received a regimen consisting of 125 mg methylprednisolone intravenously on day 1 and 40 mg methylprednisolone orally on days 2 to 3 . in the other group received oral aprepitant ( 125 mg aprepitant on day 1 , 80 mg aprepitant on days 2 to 3 ) in addition to the methylprednisolone regimen . study 1 , the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours ( AUC ( 0-24 ) ) of oral dexamethasone on days 1 and 5 after the standard dexamethasone plus ondansetron regimen ( treatment A ) was increased 2.2-fold ( P < .010 ) with coadministration of aprepitant ( treatment B ) . of aprepitant with the modified dexamethasone plus ondansetron regimen ( treatment C ) resulted in an AUC0-24 for dexamethasone similar to that observed after the standard dexamethasone plus ondansetron regimen ( treatment A ) . study 2 , aprepitant increased the AUC0-24 of intravenous methylprednisolone 1.3-fold on day 1 ( P < .010 ) and increased the AUC0-24 of oral methylprednisolone 2.5-fold on day 3 ( P < .010 ) . of aprepitant with dexamethasone or methylprednisolone resulted in increased plasma concentrations of the corticosteroids . findings suggest that the dose of these corticosteroids should be adjusted when given with aprepitant ."
1794,Abstract #1794,"that helminth infections are thought to have strong immunomodulatory activity , the question whether helminth infections might affect responses to malaria antigens needs to be addressed . cross-sectional studies using diverse methodologies have reported that helminth infections might either exacerbate or reduce the severity of malaria attacks . same discrepancies have been reported for parasitemia . determine the effect of geohelminth infections and their treatment on malaria infection and disease outcome , as well as on immunological parameters , the area of Nangapanda on Flores Island , Indonesia , where malaria and helminth parasites are co-endemic was selected for a longitudinal study . a Double-blind randomized trial will be performed , incorporating repeated treatment with albendazole ( 400 mg ) or placebo at three monthly intervals . characteristic data , anthropometry , the presence of intestinal helminth and Plasmodium spp infections , and the incidence of malaria episodes are recorded . vitro cultures of whole blood , stimulated with a number of antigens , mitogens and toll like receptor ligands provide relevant immunological parameters at baseline and following 1 and 2 years of treatment rounds . primary outcome of the study is the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infection . secondary outcome will be incidence and severity of malaria episodes detected via both passive and active follow-up . tertiary outcome is the inflammatory cytokine profile in response to parasite antigens . project also facilitates the transfer of state of the art methodologies and technologies , molecular diagnosis of parasitic diseases , immunology and epidemiology from Europe to Indonesia . study will provide data on the effect of helminth infections on malaria . will also give information on anthelminthic treatment efficacy and effectiveness and could help develop evidence-based policymaking . study was approved by The Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine , University of Indonesia , ref :194 / PT02.FK / Etik/2006 and has been filed by ethics committee of the Leiden University Medical Center . . study is reported in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines for cluster-randomized studies ."
1795,Abstract #1795,"assess the plaque inhibition efficacy ofa novel 0.454 % stabilized stannous fluoride test dentifrice ( SnF2 ) to an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride marketed control dentifrice ( AmF/SnF2 ) using digital plaque imaging analysis ( DPIA ) . 10-week study was a randomized , two-treatment , three-period , double-blind crossover design . brushed twice daily with their assigned dentifrice ( SnF2 or AmF/SnF2 ) using a standard manual toothbrush during three treatment periods each lasting 17 days , separated by four-day washout periods . was used to analyze plaque coverage on facial surfaces of the 12 anterior teeth ( canine to canine ) by three assessments on Days 15 , 16 , and 17 at the end of each treatment period . were conducted the morning following no overnight brushing of facial surfaces ( A.M. pre-brush ) , after 40 seconds of full mouth brushing with the assigned dentifrice ( A.M. post-brush ) , and during the afternoon ( P.M. ) . subjects were randomized and completed the study . each assessment time point , plaque levels for the SnF2 dentifrice were statistically significantly lower compared to those for the AmF/SnF2 dentifrice ( 21.4 % , 22.6 % , 24.3 % , respectively ; p < 0.0001 for all ) . coverage , as assessed by DPIA , was significantly lower with a novel SnF2 dentifrice than with the AmF/SnF2 dentifrice . plaque control benefits of the SnF2 dentifrice seen at the morning and afternoon time points indicated significantly better inhibition of plaque re-growth ."
1796,Abstract #1796,"compare the efficacy of brimonidine , dorzolamide , and brinzolamide in reducing intraocular pressure ( IOP ) when used as adjunctive therapy to a prostaglandin analog ( PGA ) . , controlled , investigator-masked , single-site , parallel-group clinical trial . hundred twenty eyes of 120 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had inadequate IOP control after at least 6 weeks of monotherapy with a once-daily PGA ( bimatoprost , latanoprost , or travoprost ) . eyes were assigned randomly to adjunctive treatment with thrice-daily brimonidine tartrate 0.15 % ( n = 41 ) , dorzolamide hydrochloride 2 % ( n = 40 ) , or brinzolamide 1 % ( n = 39 ) for 4 months . was evaluated by IOP measured at 10 am and 4 pm at baseline , month 1 , and month 4 . mean IOP at each hour at PGA-treated baseline was comparable among treatment groups . initiation of adjunctive therapy , the mean IOP was lower and the mean change from baseline IOP was greater in the brimonidine group than in either the dorzolamide group or the brinzolamide group at 10 am and 4 pm at months 1 and 4 ( P < 0.001 ) . 4 months of adjunctive treatment , the mean IOP reduction from baseline at 10 am and 4 pm was 4.8 mmHg ( 21 % ) and 3.8 mmHg ( 19 % ) with brimonidine , 3.4 mmHg ( 16 % ) and 2.8 mmHg ( 14 % ) with dorzolamide , and 3.4 mmHg ( 16 % ) and 2.6 mmHg ( 13 % ) with brinzolamide ( P < 0.001 for brimonidine vs. dorzolamide and brinzolamide at each time point ) . of the study drugs was well tolerated , and all patients completed the study . addition of brimonidine to a PGA provided greater IOP lowering than the addition of either dorzolamide or brinzolamide . studies are needed to evaluate the relative long-term efficacy and tolerability of these medications as adjunctive therapy to a PGA . or commercial disclosure may be found after the references ."
1797,Abstract #1797,"investigated whether transcutaneous ultrasound ( TUS ) augments coronary thrombolysis and achieves higher rates of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) flow grade 3 and ST-segment resolution in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) . animal coronary and peripheral artery thrombosis models , low-frequency TUS enhances and accelerates thrombolysis . a double-blind , randomized , controlled international clinical trial , 396 patients with STEMI < or = 6 h were randomized to thrombolysis alone or thrombolysis plus TUS . 60 minute TIMI flow grade , ST-segment resolution ( primary end points ) and other angiographic , electrocardiographic , and clinical outcomes were compared between treatment groups . trial was halted after Safety and Efficacy Monitoring Committee interim analysis that demonstrated lack of treatment efficacy . total , 360 patients were evaluable for angiographic , electrocardiographic , or clinical end points . minutes after thrombolytic administration , the proportion of patients achieving TIMI flow grade 3 did not differ between TUS and control groups ( 40.7 % vs. 48.5 % , respectively ; p = 0.10 ) . of > 50 % ST-segment resolution at 60 min did not differ between TUS and control groups ( 53.2 % vs. 50.0 % ; p = 0.93 ) . mortality and composite clinical events-death , reinfarction , recurrent ischemia , stroke , major bleed , left ventricular rupture ( 9.7 % vs. 10.2 % ; p = 0.88 ) - did not differ between TUS and control patients . plus TUS failed to improve 60-min TIMI flow grade or ST-segment resolution versus thrombolysis alone ."
1798,Abstract #1798,"determine whether the two-thumb technique is superior to the two-finger technique for administering chest compressions using the floor surface and the preferred location for performing infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( CPR ) ( ie , floor , table , or radiant warmer ) . Neonatal Resuscitation Program trained medical personnel performed CPR on a neonatal manikin utilizing the two-thumb vs two-finger technique , a compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 for 2 minutes in random order on the floor , table , and radiant warmer . depth favored the two-thumb over two-finger technique on the floor ( 27 8 mm vs 23 7 ) , table ( 26 7 mm vs 22 7 ) , and radiant warmer ( 29 4 mm vs 23 4 ) ( all P < .05 ) . individual subject , the compression depth varied widely using both techniques and at all surfaces . variability between compressions was observed with the two-finger vs two-thumb technique on all surfaces ( P < .05 ) . in compression over time occurred and was greater with the two-finger vs two-thumb technique on the floor ( -5 7 vs -1 6 mm ; P < .05 ) and radiant warmer ( -3 6 vs -0.3 2 mm ; P < .05 ) , compared with the table ( -3 9 vs -4 5 mm ) . favored the table over radiant warmer , with the floor least preferred and most tiring . two-thumb technique is superior to the two-finger technique , achieving greater depth , less variability , and less decay over time . table was considered most comfortable and less tiring . two-thumb technique should be the preferred method for teaching lay persons infant CPR preferably using an elevated firm surface ."
1799,Abstract #1799,"anesthetics may help reduce discomfort associated with procedures involving needle-puncture , such as intravenous ( i.v. ) insertions , in children . cream has become a common , noninvasive therapy for topical anesthesia in children . is a recently introduced topical anesthetic cream marketed as being as effective in producing topical anesthesia after a 30-min application as EMLA is after a 60-min application . purpose of this research was to compare ELA-Max at 30 min with EMLA at 60 min for providing topical anesthesia for i.v. insertions in children . children , ages 8-17 years , requiring an i.v. were randomized to receive either the 30 min application of ELA-Max ( n = 30 ) or the 60 min application of EMLA ( n = 30 ) . rated any pain associated with the i.v. insertion using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) . anesthesiologist assessed the presence of blanching at the site and rated the difficulty of placing the i.v. was no clinically or statistically significant difference in pain ratings ( P = 0.87 ) between the ELA-Max ( mean = 25.7 ) and the EMLA ( mean = 26.8 ) groups . caused significantly ( P = 0.04 ) less blanching than EMLA , however there was no difference in the anesthesiologists ' rating of the difficulty of the i.v. placement between the groups ( P = 0.73 ) . from this study support the claim that a 30-min application of ELA-Max ( with occlusion ) is as effective as a 60-min application of EMLA ( with occlusion ) for producing topical anesthesia for i.v. insertion in children ."
1800,Abstract #1800,"assess radiation dose and diagnostic image quality of a low-dose ( 80 kV ) versus a standard-dose ( 120 kV ) protocol for computed tomography angiography ( CTA ) of the supra-aortic arteries . CTA of the supra-aortic arteries was performed in 42 consecutive patients using randomly either 80 or 120 kV at 300 absolute mAs . attenuation values , contrast-to-noise ( CNR ) and signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) measurements were performed at three levels . readers assessed image quality by using a four-point scale . effective dose ( ED ) was calculated to assess the differences in radiation exposure . attenuation values at 80 kV were higher in the common carotid artery , the carotid bifurcation and the internal carotid artery ( p < 0.001 ) . and SNR differed at the internal carotid artery , with higher values in the 80-kV group ( p > 0.05 ) . readers revealed a significantly better image quality at 120 kV only at the common carotid artery ( p < 0.001 ; p = 0.007 ) . ED was significantly lower at 80-kV ( 1.230.09 vs. 3.990.33 mSv ; p < 0.001 ) . voltage reduction to 80 kV in CTA of the supra-aortic arteries allows for significant radiation dose reduction but has limitations at the level of the common carotid artery ."
1801,Abstract #1801,"impact of amiodarone on mortality in patients with severe congestive heart failure ( CHF ) ( New York Heart Association functional classes II [ advanced ] , III and IV ; left ventricular ejection fraction < 35 % ) In the Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina ( GESICA ) trial was analyzed in relation to initial mean baseline heart rate ( BHR ) and its change after 6 months of follow-up . of amiodarone therapy in CHF have produced discordant results , suggesting that the effect is not uniform in all patient subgroups with regard to survival . present analysis was carried out in 516 patients randomized to receive amiodarone , 300 mg/day ( n = 260 ) , or nonantiarrhythmic therapy ( n = 256 , control group ) and followed up for 2 years . was evaluated for patients with a BHR > or = 90 beats/min ( control : n = 132 ; amiodarone : n = 122 ) and < 90 beats/min ( control : n = 124 ; amiodarone : n = 138 ) . was also analyzed according to heart rate reduction at 6 months for 367 patients . patients with a BHR > or = 90 beats/min , amiodarone therapy reduced mortality to 38.4 % compared with 62.4 % in control patients ( relative risk [ RR ] 0.55 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.35 to 0.95 , p < 0.002 ) . sudden death ( RR 0.46 , 95 % CI 0.24 to 0.90 , p < 0.02 ) and progressive heart failure death ( RR 0.60 , 95 % CI 0.30 to 1.03 , p < 0.06 ) were reduced , and functional capacity was improved . patients with a BHR < 90 beats/min , amiodarone did not alter survival . 367 patients who completed 6 months of follow-up , amiodarone reduced 2-year mortality only in those with a BHR > or = 90 beats/min , which was reduced at 6 months . rest heart rates in severe CHF identify a subgroup of patients who benefit from treatment with amiodarone . heart rate slowing may be an important benefit for patients ."
1802,Abstract #1802,"palmetto fruit extracts are widely used for treating lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) ; however , recent clinical trials have questioned their efficacy , at least at standard doses ( 320 mg/d ) . determine the effect of saw palmetto extract ( Serenoa repens , from saw palmetto berries ) at up to 3 times the standard dose on lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to BPH . double-blind , multicenter , placebo-controlled randomized trial at 11 North American clinical sites conducted between June 5 , 2008 , and October 10 , 2010 , of 369 men aged 45 years or older , with a peak urinary flow rate of at least 4 mL/s , an American Urological Association Symptom Index ( AUASI ) score of between 8 and 24 at 2 screening visits , and no exclusions . , 2 , and then 3 doses ( 320 mg/d ) of saw palmetto extract or placebo , with dose increases at 24 and 48 weeks . in AUASI score between baseline and 72 weeks . outcomes included measures of urinary bother , nocturia , peak uroflow , postvoid residual volume , prostate-specific antigen level , participants ' global assessments , and indices of sexual function , continence , sleep quality , and prostatitis symptoms . baseline and 72 weeks , mean AUASI scores decreased from 14.42 to 12.22 points ( -2.20 points ; 95 % CI , -3.04 to -1.36 ) [ corrected ] with saw palmetto extract and from 14.69 to 11.70 points ( -2.99 points ; 95 % CI , -3.81 to -2.17 ) with placebo . group mean difference in AUASI score change from baseline to 72 weeks between the saw palmetto extract and placebo groups was 0.79 points favoring placebo ( upper bound of the 1-sided 95 % CI most favorable to saw palmetto extract was 1.77 points , 1-sided P = .91 ) . palmetto extract was no more effective than placebo for any secondary outcome . clearly attributable adverse effects were identified . doses of a saw palmetto fruit extract did not reduce lower urinary tract symptoms more than placebo . Identifier : NCT00603304 ."
1803,Abstract #1803,"clarify the optimal duration and methods for adjuvant endocrine therapy after external beam radiation therapy ( EBRT ) in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer . 2001 and 2003 , 215 patients with locally advanced prostate cancer were enrolled in the study . were registered as primary candidates of the study and were treated with 6 months of LHRH agonist , with short-term of antiandrogen treatment for flare-up prevention . with PSA levels below 10 ng/ml after the 6-month endocrine treatment were randomly divided into two arms . , a total dose of 72 Gy was given to the prostate . 14 months of the protocol treatment , patients were treated with continuous androgen ablation ( arm 1 ) or intermittent androgen ablation ( arm 2 ) . total of 188 cases ( 87 % ) remained in the protocol . median PSA level at entry was 25.3 ng/ml . Gleason score was 2-6 in 32 cases ( 16 % ) , 7 in 94 cases ( 48 % ) , and 8-10 in 68 cases ( 35 % ) . median PSA level showed a remarkable decrease to 1.1 , 0.2 , and 0.1 ng/ml , after 6 , 8 , and 14 months of the protocol treatment , respectively . the 157 cases treated with EBRT , 153 cases ( 97.5 % ) had no biochemical failure in the mean follow-up of 17.3 months . present study may reveal the possibilities of intermittent endocrine therapy after EBRT . , the follow-up interval is short and little can be said about the results observed so far , exception of acute tolerance and patient acceptance of the protocol ."
1804,Abstract #1804,"ability of a dentist to select and communicate an acceptable shade match to a dental laboratory may be the most important factor in esthetic restorative dentistry . purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of instrumental color measurement in clinical shade matching of porcelain-fused-to-metal ( PFM ) and all-porcelain crowns . relative effects of clinical and laboratory factors related to shade matching for PFM and all-porcelain crowns were also evaluated . patients treatment planned to receive PFM or all-porcelain crowns made up the study population . patients were randomly divided into two groups for shade selection : conventional visual assessment and photocolorimetric analysis . the preparation appointment , a photograph was taken of the target tooth along with four shade guide tabs selected by the two visual observers . crown was fabricated by either visual selection or by the lowest E * values determined from the photographs and a spectrophotometer . same dental laboratory fabricated all 40 restorations . the cementation appointment , clinical criteria were used to evaluate anatomy/contour , surface texture , and the amount of glaze as it relates to color perception before the restoration was cemented . mean E * between the reference tooth before preparation and the crown before cementation in the visual assessment group was 10.49 ( + / - 14.6 ) , whereas the mean E * in the photocolorimetric group was 8.99 ( + / - 5.7 ) . of data showed that the observers and the colorimetric technique were perfect ( E * = 0 ) 41 % of the time and varied ( E * = 0.1 or higher ) 59 % of the time . collected further showed no significant difference or correlation between shade selection methods and the evaluated clinical criteria . results provide evidence that there is no significant difference in shade selection using the conventional visual assessment by two experienced clinicians or the photocolorimetric technique . use of photocolorimetric analysis in shade selection can serve as a reliable alternative to conventional visual shade selection . method is useful for clinicians who have difficulty with shade selection ."
1805,Abstract #1805,"stimulation of calf muscles has been shown to be effective in prevention of DVT . aim was to determine : ( a ) dependence of venous blood velocity and ejected volume on the rates of stimulated calf contractions : ( b ) clinical factors affecting efficacy in healthy individuals . maximum intensity stimulus tolerated was applied to calves of 24 volunteers . popliteal veins , peak systolic velocities ( PSV ) , ejected volume per individual stimulus ( stroke volume SV ) and ejected total volume flow per minute ( TVF ) of expelled blood were determined using ultrasound . rates from 2 to 120 beats per minute ( bpm ) were applied . baseline popliteal PSV was 10 cm/s . stimulation rates between 2 and 8 bpm , the PSV was 10 times higher and reached 96-105 cm/s . volume ( SV ) per individual stimulus decreased in a similar fashion . increasing rates of stimulation the TVF increased by a factor of 12 times ( from 20 ml/min to 240 ml/min ) . stimulation is an effective method of activating the calf muscle pump . of popliteal blood velocity and volume flow are key factors in the prevention of venous stasis and DVT . studies are justified to determine the stimulation rates in those with a compromised venous system ."
1806,Abstract #1806,"assess the safety and efficacy of tadalafil once daily on lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH-LUTS ) in men without erectile dysfunction ( ED ) . compare these with effects in men with ED . a 4-week washout period and 4-week placebo run-in period , 1089 men without ED ( n = 338 ) and with ED ( n = 751 ) were randomly assigned to placebo or tadalafil 5mg once daily for 12 weeks in three global clinical studies with similar designs . the pooled dataset , post hoc analyses of covariance assessed the impact and severity of BPH-LUTS using the International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS ) and the BPH Impact Index ( BII ) and IPSS quality-of-life ( IPSS-QoL ) subscores . was assessed using treatment-emergent adverse events . treatment-by-ED-status interaction was used to assess efficacy differences between the with/without ED subgroups . without ED were similar in BPH-LUTS severity/previous therapy to men with ED . significantly reduced BPH-LUTS from baseline when compared with placebo in men without ED ( IPSS -5.4 vs -3.3 , P < 0.01 ; IPSS voiding subscore -3.5 vs -2.0 , P < 0.01 ; IPSS storage subscore -1.9 vs -1.3 , P < 0.05 ) . also significantly improved quality of life from baseline when compared with placebo in men without ED ( IPSS-QoL -1.0 vs -0.7 , BII -1.4 vs -1.0 ; both P < 0.05 ) . interactions were not significant ( all P > 0.68 ) . was safe and well tolerated . 5mg once daily improved BPH-LUTS in men without ED by a magnitude similar to that observed in men with ED . adverse event profile in men without ED was consistent with that observed in men with ED ."
1807,Abstract #1807,"investigate the effect of L-arginine on endothelial function , transcutaneous oxygen and clinical neuropathy in patients with peripheral neuropathy as a result of diabetes . diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy were randomized to receive L-arginine ( 3 g three times daily ) or placebo ( 3 g three times daily ) for 3 months . patients had foot microcirculation and foot transcutaneous oxygen pressure ( TcPO ( 2 ) ) , neuropathy disability score ( NDS ) and vibration perception threshold ( VPT ) assessed at baseline and follow-up . difference was observed in endothelium-dependent and - independent vasodilation , TcPO ( 2 ) , NDS and VPT . has no effect on endothelial dysfunction , TcPO ( 2 ) and clinical neuropathy ."
1808,Abstract #1808,"compare blinding integrity and associated factors for transcranial direct current stimulation ( tDCS ) vs. placebo-pill , the gold standard blinding method . trial . participants were randomized to verum/placebo sertraline and active/sham tDCS ( 2mA , 30-min 10-daily sessions and two additional , fortnight sessions ) over 6weeks . was assessed in completers ( n = 102 ) and in a random subgroup ( n = 35 ) of raters and participants , in which we also inquired to qualitatively describe their strongest guessing reason . and raters presented similar performance for predicting treatment assignment at endpoint , correctly guessing tDCS and sertraline beyond chance . , clinical response was associated with correct prediction and tDCS non-responders failed to predict the allocation group . tDCS , `` trouble concentrating '' was inversely associated with correct prediction . Skin redness '' was more reported for active-tDCS , but did not predict the allocation group . qualitative reasons for raters ' guessing were not associated with correct prediction , whereas for participants clinical response and adverse effects were directly and inversely associated with correct prediction , respectively . integrity of tDCS and sertraline were comparable and mainly associated with efficacy rather than blinding failure . blinding can be improved by adopting parallel designs and avoiding subjects ' awareness of skin redness ."
1809,Abstract #1809,"has been hypothesized that hip-fracture rates are higher in developed than in developing countries because high-protein ( HP ) Western diets induce metabolic acidosis and hypercalciuria . include interactions between dietary protein and calcium , sodium , and potassium . determined whether an HP or a high-normal-protein ( HNP ) weight-loss diet caused greater loss in bone mineral density ( BMD ) over 24 mo. . Weight Loss , Protein and Bone Density Study was conducted from 2008 to 2011 in 323 overweight [ body mass index ( BMI ; in kg/m ( 2 ) ) > 27 ] postmenopausal women , with a total hip BMD t score less than -2.0 . were randomly assigned to receive an isocaloric calcium-replete HP ( 90 g protein/d ) or HNP ( < 80 g protein/d ) weight-loss diet , with the aim of a difference of 20 g protein/d . total of 186 subjects ( 90 subjects in the HP group , 96 subjects in the HNP group ) completed 12 mo , and 137 subjects ( 69 subjects in the HP group , 68 subjects in the HNP group ) completed 24 mo. . confirmed a difference in protein intake of 16 and 13.1 g at 12 and 24 mo , respectively . ( SE ) weight loss was equal ; HP subjects lost 7.9 0.9 kg and HNP subjects lost 8.9 0.9 kg at 24 mo. . lost 1-2 % BMD annually at lumbar spine vertebrae 2-4 , the forearm , the femoral neck , and hip . showed no effect of the HP or HNP diet ( P > 0.05 for diet and diet-time interactions ) . diet-by-time analysis showed that the HNP diet increased C-terminal telopeptide and osteocalcin ( P 0.001 for each ) despite hypercalciuria ( P = 0.029 ) . dietary protein intake during weight loss has no clinically significant effect on bone density but slows bone turnover . trial was registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( http://www.anzctr.org.au ) as ACTRN12608000229370 ."
1810,Abstract #1810,"purpose of this study was to determine whether postcesarean section administration of ketorolac tromethamine reduces pain and narcotic usage . double-blinded randomized , placebo-controlled trial of ketorolac tromethamine was performed . were randomly assigned to receive either ketorolac tromethamine or placebo . analgesia ( PCA ) was used for pain control . analog scales ( VAS ) were administered postoperatively to assess pain levels . equivalents and attempts were recorded . were 22 patients in each arm of the study . was no significant difference between patient demographics , blood loss , and type of anesthesia . scores were significantly different at 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 12 , and 24 hours by analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) ( P = .033 ) . was a significant decrease in pain medication usage ( P = .008 ) in the study group . tromethamine is efficacious in reducing postoperative pain and narcotics usage after cesarean section ."
1811,Abstract #1811,"determine the change in ultrasonic velocity of dentine after the application of 5 % NaOCl . standardized plano-parallel dentine bars were divided into two groups . bars were wetted on only one surface . test group ( n = 10 ) was irrigated with 5 % NaOCl , and the control group , ( n = 10 ) with saline . velocities before and after irrigation were compared to determine the change in the modulus of elasticity . , dentine bars were loaded until failure in a 3-point bending test . t-test and the mean of differences were used to assess the statistical significance between the groups . mean ultrasonic velocity decreased by 1.4 % after the application of NaOCl ; no change was observed for saline . mean velocity reduction of 49 m s was found to be highly significant ( P = 0.004 ) . ultrasonically derived modulus of elasticity decreased by 2.6 % compared to the initial value of 17.8 GPa . , the observed reduction in elasticity derived from the 3-point bending test was not significant ( P = 0.238 ) . reduced the ultrasonic velocity of dentine and the ultrasonically derived modulus of elasticity ."
1812,Abstract #1812,"comprehensive geriatric assessment ( CGA ) has been demonstrated to confer health benefits in some settings , its value in outpatient or office settings is uncertain . assess the effectiveness of outpatient CGA consultation coupled with an adherence intervention on 15-month health outcomes . randomized controlled trial . sites . community-dwelling older persons who had failed a screen for at least one of four conditions ( falls , urinary incontinence , depressive symptoms , or functional impairment ) single outpatient CGA consultation coupled with an intervention to improve primary care physician and patient adherence with CGA recommendations . Outcomes Study Short Form-36 ( MOS SF-36 ) , restricted activity and bed days , Physical Performance Test , NIA lower-extremity battery . complete case analysis ( excluding the five control group subjects who died during the follow-up period ) , the adjusted difference in change scores ( 4.69 points ) for physical functioning between treatment and control groups indicated a significant benefit of treatment ( P = .021 ) . benefits were demonstrated for number of restricted activity days and MOS SF-36 energy/fatigue , social functioning , and physical health summary scales . analyses assigning scores of 0 to those who died , these benefits were greater , and significant benefits for the Physical Performance Test and MOS SF-36 emotional/well being , pain , and mental health summary scales were also demonstrated . single outpatient comprehensive geriatric assessment coupled with an adherence intervention can prevent functional and health-related quality-of-life decline among community-dwelling older persons who have specific geriatric conditions ."
1813,Abstract #1813,"assess blindness prevalence and that caused specifically by cataract in rural southern China . , cross-sectional study . total of 5342 persons older than 50 years of age . acuity and eye examinations were performed in the summer of 1997 in a random sample of villages in Doumen County . in blindness prevalence associated with age , gender , and education were explored using logistic regression . survey was preceded by a pilot study in which operational methods were refined and quality assurance measures were performed . visual acuity and lens status . blindness ( presenting visual acuity < 0.10 ) was found in 4.37 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 3.67 % -5.06 % ) . was associated with increasing age ( P < 0.001 ) and with the lack of education ( P < 0.01 ) . was the principal cause of blindness in at least one eye in 61.5 % of blind people , with refractive error responsible for another 10 % . estimated 40 % of the cataract blind were operated on ; surgical coverage was lowest among the elderly , women , and those without schooling , although not at statistically significant levels . the increased attention given to eye care in Doumen County , blindness remains a major public health problem . surgery is reaching fewer than half of those who could benefit from it ."
1814,Abstract #1814,"evaluate the resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with combined composite-amalgam restorations in comparison to all-amalgam restorations . human premolar teeth were equally divided into 4 groups . ( MOD ) cavities were prepared in 3 groups , and in the fourth group , a modified MOD preparation was designed with an additional buccolingual groove . teeth were endodontically treated and restored using 1 of several restorative modalities : all amalgam ( AM ) , all amalgam plus dentin adhesive ( ADA ) , amalgam plus dentin adhesive plus composite resin ( ADAC ) , and amalgam plus dentin adhesive plus composite resin with a modified preparation design ( ADACM ) . were tested in a universal testing machine ( Instron ) . load ( in kilonewtons ) at fracture was recorded and statistically analyzed using a Bonferroni one-way statistical analysis ( significance : P < or = .01 ) . teeth restored with a combined composite-amalgam restoration were significantly more resistant to fracture ( P < or = .01 ) than teeth restored with amalgam alone . modification with an additional horizontal buccolingual cavity preparation groove did not significantly increase resistance to fracture , nor did the addition of a bonding material to the amalgam restorations . resistance to fracture ( in kilonewtons ) of each group was as follows : group AM , 0.31 ; group ADA , 0.34 ; group ADAC , 0.45 ; and group ADACM , 0.47 . of endodontically treated teeth with combined composite-amalgam materials increased tooth resistance to fracture up to 51 % when compared to teeth restored with amalgam alone ."
1815,Abstract #1815,", low-income pregnant women and their children are at high risk for poor oral health and have low utilization rates of dental care . Baby Smiles study was designed to increase low-income pregnant women 's utilization of dental care , increase young children 's dental care utilization , and improve home oral health care practices . Smiles was a five-year , four-site randomized intervention trial with a 2 2 factorial design . hundred participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment arms in which they received either brief Motivational Interviewing ( MI ) or health education ( HE ) delivered during pregnancy and after the baby was born . the prenatal study phase , the interventions were designed to encourage dental utilization during pregnancy . childbirth , the focus was to utilize dental care for the infant by age one . two primary outcome measures were dental utilization during pregnancy or up to two months postpartum for the mother , and preventive dental utilization by 18months of age for the child . claims data will be used to assess the primary outcomes . were administered at enrollment and 3 , 9 and 18months postpartum ( study end ) to assess mediating and moderating factors . trial can help define the most effective way to provide one-on-one counseling to pregnant women and new mothers regarding visits to the dentist during pregnancy and after the child is born . supports previous work demonstrating the potential of reducing mother-to-child transmission of Streptococcus mutans and the initiation of dental caries prevention in early childhood . Identifier NCT01120041 ."
1816,Abstract #1816,"may induce a natural sleepiness and improve predictability of sedation drugs . have investigated its clinical value in children sedated for magnetic resonance imaging . a stratified randomized double-blind study , 98 children received either melatonin or placebo 10 min before they were sedated with a standard oral regimen . > 5 and < 15 kg received chloral hydrate and those > or = 15 and < 40 kg had a combination of temazepam with droperidol ( T&D ) . doses of melatonin were 3 and 6 mg , respectively . observer recorded the time taken to reach criteria for deep sedation , sedation failure and other sedation-related events . the chloral hydrate group ( n = 50 ) 50 % were deeply sedated by 31 min after melatonin and 40 min after placebo ( P = 0.57 ) . were zero and 1 failures , respectively . geometric mean time taken to reach deep sedation was 39 min in both subgroups . the T&D group ( n = 48 ) 50 % were deeply sedated by 70 min in both subgroups ( two failures in each ) ; geometric mean times were 68 and 71 min , respectively ( P = 0.58 ) . closed their eyes slightly earlier after melatonin ( respective geometric means 42 vs 48 , P = 0.17 ) , and took slightly longer to achieve discharge criteria ( 146 vs 135 , P = 0.47 ) . these doses and clinical conditions , melatonin did not contribute to sedation of children ."
1817,Abstract #1817,"aimed to test the maximum voltage-guided cavotricuspid isthmus ( CTI ) ablation technique during ongoing atrial flutter . pathological and electrophysiological studies clarified that the cavotricuspid isthmus is composed of distinct muscular bundles , which are responsible for the conduction of electrical activation . on this observation , a maximum voltage-guided ablation technique ( MVGT ) was developed . technique was assessed during pacing from the coronary sinus and was reported to be a feasible method to reach bidirectional isthmus block without the need for a complete anatomic ablation line . was a prospective , randomized single center study . patients underwent CTI ablation during atrial flutter . group I ( 10 pts ) CTI ablation was performed with complete anatomical ablation line . group II ( 10 pts ) ablation was guided by the highest amplitude potentials on the CTI sequentially until bidirectional isthmus block was reached . following parameters were compared : acute success rate , procedure time , fluoroscopy time , number of radiofrequency ( RF ) applications and total RF duration . all patients , atrial flutter terminated during ablation . isthmus block could be achieved in all pts . time was shorter in group II ( 107 + / - 40 vs 68 + / - 19 min , p < 0.01 ) . less fluoroscopy was used in group II ( 22.6 + / - 10.6 vs 12.1 + / - 3.8 min , p < 0.01 ) . were less RF applications in group II ( 27.1 + / - 21.5 vs 5.9 + / - 2.4 , p < 0.001 ) . 1 ) The major finding of this study is that MVGT is a feasible method even during ongoing atrial flutter . 2 ) Our data confirm that MVGT is an effective technique for CTI ablation with considerable decrease in procedure and fluoroscopy times ."
1818,Abstract #1818,"analyze prospectively the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA ) axis and clinical outcome in patients treated with prednisone for exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . observational study . presenting to the emergency department were randomized to receive 40mg prednisone daily for 5 or 14 days in a placebo-controlled manner . HPA axis was longitudinally assessed with the 1g corticotropin test and a clinical hypocortisolism score at baseline , on day 6 before blinded treatment , at hospital discharge , and for up to 180 days of follow-up . was stopped abruptly , irrespective of the test results . discharged with pathological test results received instructions about emergency hydrocortisone treatment . total of 311 patients were included in the analysis . basal and stimulated serum total cortisol levels were highest on admission ( 496398 and 816413nmol/l respectively ) and lowest on day 6 ( 235174 and 453178nmol/l respectively ) . stimulation tests were found in 63 , 38 , 9 , 3 , and 2 % of patients on day 6 , at discharge , and on days 30 , 90 , and 180 respectively , without significant difference between treatment groups . indicators of hypocortisolism did not correlate with stimulation test results , but cortisol levels were inversely associated with re-exacerbation risk . were no hospitalizations or deaths as a result of adrenal crisis . changes in the HPA axis occur during and after the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD . hypocortisolemic patients who were provided with instructions about stress prophylaxis , the abrupt termination of prednisone appeared safe ."
1819,Abstract #1819,"studies demonstrated that gaboxadol , a selective GABA ( A ) agonist , increases both non-REM sleep and EEG delta activity within non-REM sleep in rats and slow wave sleep ( SWS ) as well as low-frequency activity in the EEG within non-REM sleep in healthy humans under normal conditions . the hypnotic actions of drugs may be more readily demonstrated under conditions of poor sleep quality , we investigated the influence of gaboxadol on postnap sleep . a randomized , placebo-controlled cross-over study using a late afternoon nap model , we assessed the effects of a single oral dose of 20 mg gaboxadol on disturbed nighttime sleep in young , healthy subjects . of visually scored sleep parameters between baseline and placebo postnap nights showed that the nap prolonged sleep latency , decreased total sleep time and SWS and attenuated delta , theta and alpha activity in the EEG within non-REM sleep . with the placebo postnap night , gaboxadol tended to shorten sleep latency , significantly decreased intermittent wakefulness , increased total sleep time and SWS and enhanced delta and theta activity in the non-REM EEG . , gaboxadol increased subjective sleep quality . data show that gaboxadol counteracts the disrupting effects of a nap on subsequent sleep and suggest that , in addition to promoting deep sleep and sleep maintenance , gaboxadol is able to facilitate sleep initiation and thus , exhibits significant hypnotic actions under conditions in which sleep quality is experimentally reduced ."
1820,Abstract #1820,"purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and clinical parameters that are associated with halitosis in pediatric dental patients and compare these findings with those found for the patients ' mother . aged 5 to 12 years old were evaluated with mothers present during a dental visit . mother completed the child 's medical history and a breath odor questionnaire . mother and an oral breath judge ( OBJ ) evaluated the child 's oral breath using organoleptic methods . commercial breath analyzer ( CBA ) measured the oral and nasal levels of volatile sulfur compounds ( VSCs ) for child and mother before and after tongue debridement . number of oral parameters were recorded for the children . children ( mean age = 8.8 years ) and 18 mothers participated . ( VSC > 100 parts per billion , or ppb ) was found in 23 % of children and 11 % of mothers , but was not significantly correlated . contrast , 61 % of mothers reported halitosis in themselves and their child . differences were found between VSC levels and frequency of tooth-brushing ( P < .05 , univariate ANOVA ) . was significant correlation in the detection of breath odor between mother and OBJ ( P < .05 , Pearson ) ; however , there was no significant correlation between evaluators and CBA . positive correlation existed between the presence of interproximal restorations and breath odor by OBJ ( P < .05 , Pearson ) . may be a problem in some healthy children , but it does not correlate well with mothers ' breath odor or common oral parameters . organoleptic and CBA results were inconsistent , suggesting factors other than VSCs may be associated with halitosis in children ."
1821,Abstract #1821,"investigate antimicrobial effectiveness of povidone-iodine ( Betadine ) in reducing bacterial load of corneal ulcers before patients were given antibiotics . with corneal ulcers were randomized to Betadine or placebo group . were cultured before and after a 10-minute application of 5 % Betadine or preservative-free artificial tears . patients were then treated with standard antibiotic medications . number of colony-forming units before and after Betadine or placebo was compared . patients were randomized to Betadine and 17 to placebo group . the Betadine group , 8 ( 44 % ) of 18 ulcers were culture-positive , either before and/or after pretreatment , and in the control group , 9 ( 53 % ) of 17 were culture positive . was No statistical difference in colony-forming units change after Betadine versus artificial tears application was detected ( P-value = 0.16 , t-test ) . Betadine group , 3 ( 17 % ) of 18 of patients showed improvement , ie , had fewer colonies after drop application ; and in the placebo group , 7 ( 41 % ) of 17 showed improvement , ( P = 0.15 , Fisher exact t test . ) single application of 5 % Betadine did not reduce the bacterial load of corneal ulcers more than just scraping/rinsing alone . is likely the result of the lack of penetration deep into the corneal stroma and number of organisms present . factors may be involved ."
1822,Abstract #1822,"identify and quantify independent physiological risk factors for foot lesions in diabetic patients . were 352 patients enrolled in a 1-year randomized controlled trial aimed at reducing risks for lower-extremity pathology through patient education and system interventions . criteria were as follows : being age 40 years or over , being at or above ideal body weight , and having been diagnosed with NIDDM . were predominantly African-American ( 76 % ) , elderly ( mean 60 years of age ) , indigent ( 77 % with annual income < +10,000 ) , or women ( 81 % ) who had diabetes for 10 years . multivariate modeling used baseline clinical signs ( e.g. , blood pressure , dermatological characteristics , and neuropathic measures ) and laboratory values ( e.g. , lipid profiles and measures of glycemic control ) to predict foot lesions rated using the Seattle Wound Classification . controlling for intervention effects , only measures of neuropathy ( monofilament testing [ odds ratio OR 2.75 , 95 % CI 1.55-4 .88 ] and thermal sensitivity testing [ 2.18 , 1.13-4 .21 ] ) predicted wounds classified 1.2 ( minor injury ) , but investigation of wounds rated at least 1.3 ( nonulcerated lesions ) indicated baseline wounds ( 13.41 ) , 3.19-56 .26 ) , monofilament abnormalities ( 5.23 , 2.26-12 .13 ) , and low HDL ( 1.63 , 1.11-2 .39 ) as predictors . fungal dermatitis , dry cracked skin , edema , ingrown nails , microalbuminuria , fasting blood glucose , and hemoglobin A1c were candidates for one or both of the multivariable models ( P < 0.3 ) , they were not significant multivariate predictors . may be preventable with aggressive screening for peripheral neuropathy and abnormal lipids . , these results provide empirical support for the commonly held belief that foot lesions prospectively predict future wounds ."
1823,Abstract #1823,"study whether Johan Sebastian Bach music has a lowering effect on resting energy expenditure ( REE ) similar to that of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart music . , randomized clinical trial with cross-over in 12 healthy , appropriate weights for gestational age ( GA ) , gavage fed , metabolically stable , preterm infants . were randomized to a 30-min period of either Mozart or Bach music or no music over 3 consecutive days . was measured every minute by indirect calorimetry . REE measurements were performed in each of 12 infants at age 2015.8 days . GA was 30.172.44 weeks and mean birthweight was 1246239g . was similar during the first 10-min of all three randomization periods . the next 10-min period , infants exposed to music by Mozart had a trend toward lower REE than when not exposed to music . trend became significant during the third 10-min period . contrast , music by Bach or no music did not affect significantly REE during the whole study . average , the effect size of Mozart music upon REE was a reduction of 7.7 % from baseline . music significantly lowers REE in preterm infants , whereas Bach music has no similar effect . speculate that ` Mozart effect ' must be taken into account when incorporating music in the therapy of preterm infants , as not all types of music may have similar effects upon REE and growth ."
1824,Abstract #1824,"in establishing oxidant / antioxidant profiles in competition horses is increasing . studies performed in horses have mainly been performed under laboratory conditions using a treadmill and it is not known to what extent laboratory results of oxidant/antioxidant studies might be transposed to field conditions . compare the impact on the blood oxidant / antioxidant status of a standardised exercise test including a run up to fatigue performed on a treadmill ( TM ) and on a racetrack ( RT ) in healthy and trained Standardbred horses . TM and RT tests the following blood antioxidant markers were analysed in jugular venous blood at rest and 15 mins ( E15 ) after an intense bout of exercise : uric acid ( UA ) , ascorbic acid ( AA ) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) , glutathione ( reduced : GSH and oxidised : GSSG ) , glutathione redox ratio ( GRR ) and protein thiol ( PSH ) . time to fatigue ( RTF ) , velocity during the last exercise stage ( Vmax ) , final heart rate ( HRfinal ) and venous lactic acid ( LA ) were also recorded . was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) higher during the RT , whereas LA was significantly lower . and RTF did not differ significantly between TM and RT. . induced a significant increase ( R vs. E15 ) of UA and AA in both tests , whereas GSH and PSH decreased significantly . , SOD , GSSG and GRR remained unchanged . between TM and RT were significant at E15 for UA , AA and PSH . of oxidant/antioxidant profiles from laboratory and field studies are difficult to standardise and should be interpreted with caution . the same RTF and final HR , the TM induced stronger changes in blood lactate and in blood oxidant/antioxidant balance than did RT. ."
1825,Abstract #1825,"assess the long-term impact of implementation intention formation in reducing consultations for emergency contraception and pregnancy testing among teenage women . women visiting a family planning clinic were randomly assigned to implementation intention versus control conditions . measures of consultation outcomes were obtained from clinic records at 2-year follow-up ( N = 227 ) . of consultation for emergency contraception and pregnancy testing in the implementation intentions condition were 19 % and 33 % lower , respectively , compared to the rates observed in the control condition . rates were 43 % lower . participants who consulted for emergency contraception and pregnancy testing at baseline were more than twice as likely to change to consulting for contraceptive supplies over the follow-up period compared to equivalent control participants ( 19 % vs. 9 % ) . impact of implementation intention formation on reducing pregnancy risk among teenagers is durable over 2 years . intentions were successful in changing behavior among precisely those participants who were at greatest risk of becoming pregnant ."
1826,Abstract #1826,"management is critical in total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) . bilateral , single stage TKA , blood loss seems more prominent . believe it is important to control all potential bleeding within the wound tissue . purpose of the study was to evaluate a series of topical procedures used to reduce blood loss and transfusion in single-stage bilateral cemented total knee arthroplasty : antifibrinolysis with tranexamic acid , vasoconstriction with epinephrine , sealing of the bone section intraoperatively , and closure of the drainage tube within the first 4 h postoperatively . with osteoarthritis of the knees were randomly divided into two groups . group A , 5 ml ( 25 mg/ml ) tranexamic acid ( TXA ) and 5 ml analgesic containing epinephrine ( 3 g/ml ) solution were injected at several points into the posterior capsule before installation of the prosthesis . femoral medullar canal was closed with autograft bone and then sealed compressively with cement . the tourniquet was released , 10 ml TXA solution and 10 ml analgesic containing epinephrine were injected at several points into the periosteum , synovium , joint capsule , tendons , and deep fascia tissue ( injection of analgesic containing epinephrine into subcutaneous fat and dermis was avoided ) . residual nail holes in the bone and the uncovered bone section were covered with bone wax . tourniquet was then removed , and active bleeding points were stanched . solution ( 20 ml ) was injected into the articular cavity after wound closure . drainage tube was clamped for 4 h , then opened . group B , injection of analgesic containing epinephrine into soft tissue , control of active bleeding , and clamping of the drainage tube for 4-h , only , were performed . patients were enrolled in the study . with those in group B , intraoperative blood loss , drainage volume , total postoperative blood loss , and number of patients requiring allogenic blood transfusion were significantly reduced in group A. was no significant difference between the incidence of complications in the groups . topical procedures enable effective and safe reduction of blood loss and the number of patients requiring transfusion in single-stage bilateral osteoarthritic TKA ."
1827,Abstract #1827,"low sn-2 palmitate content of infant formulas results in formation of fatty acid calcium soaps in the stools and reduced calcium absorption . objective was to test the hypotheses that increasing the proportion of sn-2 palmitate in formula for term infants would result in greater skeletal mineral deposition and reduced stool hardness . term neonates were randomly assigned to receive standard formula ( n = 103 ) or formula containing 50 % sn-2 palmitate ( high-sn-2 formula ; n = 100 ) for 12 wk . hundred twenty breast-fed infants were also studied . main outcome measures were 1 ) radial ( single-photon absorptiometry ) and whole-body ( dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ) bone mineral content ( WBBMC ) at 12 wk and 2 ) stool frequency , volume , and consistency at 6 and 12 wk . outcome measures included stool fatty acid content . receiving high-sn-2 formula had higher WBBMC ( 128.1 + / - 9.7 compared with 122.7 + / - 10.1 g , adjusted for size and sex ) , softer stools at 6 and 12 wk , and a lower proportion of stool soap fatty acids than did infants receiving the control formula . infants had adjusted WBBMC values ( 128.3 + / - 9.1 g ) similar to those of infants fed high-sn-2 formula and significantly higher than those of infants fed the control formula . the stereoisomeric structure of palmitate in infant formula resulted in higher WBBMC , reduced stool soap fatty acids , and softer stools more like those of breast-fed infants . greater bone mass measured could be important if it persists beyond the trial period ; this merits further investigation ."
1828,Abstract #1828,"medicine ( EBM ) is widely taught in residency , but evidence for effectiveness of EBM teaching on changing residents ' behavior is limited . investigate the impact of an EBM curriculum on residents ' use of evidence-based resources in a simulated clinical experience . medicine residents randomized to an EBM teaching or control group . validated test of EBM knowledge ( Fresno test ) was administered before and after intervention . intervention , residents twice completed a Web-based , multiple-choice instrument ( 15 items ) comprised of clinical vignettes , first without then with access to electronic resources . of electronic resources was tracked using ProxyPlus software . group pre-post differences and between group post-test differences were examined . was more improvement in EBM knowledge ( 100-point scale ) for the intervention group compared to the control group ( mean score increase 22 vs. 12 , p = 0.012 ) . the simulated clinical experience , the most commonly accessed resources were Ovid ( 71 % of residents accessed ) and InfoPOEMs ( 62 % ) for the EBM group and UptoDate ( 67 % ) and MDConsult ( 58 % ) for the control group . in the EBM group were more likely to use evidence-based resources than the control group . on clinical vignettes was similar between the groups both at baseline ( p = 0.19 ) and with access to information resources ( p = 0.89 ) . teaching improved EBM knowledge and increased use of evidence-based resources by residents , but did not improve performance on Web-based clinical vignettes . studies will need to examine impact of EBM teaching on clinical outcomes ."
1829,Abstract #1829,"MR is a proton pump inhibitor with a Dual Delayed Release ( DDR ) formulation designed to prolong the dexlansoprazole plasma concentration-time profile . presence of food or time of dosing relative to food may affect dexlansoprazole absorption . evaluate the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics ( PK ) and pharmacodynamics ( PD ) of dexlansoprazole following oral administration of dexlansoprazole MR. this open-label , single-dose , randomized , 4-way crossover study , 48 healthy subjects received placebo ( day 1 ) and dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg ( day 3 ) after fasting , 5 or 30 min before a high-fat breakfast , or 30 min after a high-fat breakfast . pH ( days 1 and 3 ) and PK ( day 3 ) of dexlansoprazole were assessed over a 24-h interval after each dose . administration of dexlansoprazole MR under fasted/fed conditions , mean dexlansoprazole plasma concentration-time profiles generally exhibited two distinct peaks , resulting from the DDR formulation . in dexlansoprazole maximum plasma concentration ( 12-31 % ) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve ( 9-21 % ) were observed with the fed regimens ; however , differences in intragastric pH were not considered clinically relevant . MR can be administered without regard to food or the timing of food in most patients ."
1830,Abstract #1830,"coping may be at the core of adequate adjustment to life after cancer . survivors who experience their life as meaningful are better adjusted , have better quality of life and psychological functioning . Group Psychotherapy for Cancer Survivors ( MCGP-CS ) was designed to help patients to sustain or enhance a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives . aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of MCGP-CS . diagnosed with cancer in the last 5 years and treated with curative intent , are recruited via several hospitals in the Netherlands . screening , 168 survivors are randomly assigned to one of the three study arms : 1 . Group Psychotherapy ( MCGP-CS ) 2 . group psychotherapy ( SGP ) 3 . as usual ( CAU ) . assessment takes place before randomisation , with follow up assessments post-intervention and at 3 , 6 and 12 months follow-up . outcome is meaning making ( PMP , PTGI , SPWB ) . outcome measures address quality of life ( EORTC-30 ) , anxiety and depression ( HADS ) , hopelessness ( BHS ) , optimism ( LOT-R ) , adjustment to cancer ( MAC ) , and costs ( TIC-P , EQ-5D , PRODISQ ) . coping is key to adjustment to life after cancer , however , there is a lack of evidence based psychological interventions in this area . cancer survivors experience feelings of loneliness and alienation , and have a need for peer support , therefore a group method in particular , can be beneficial for sustaining or enhancing a sense of meaning . this MCGP-CS is effective for cancer survivors , it can be implemented in the practice of psycho-oncology care . Trial Register , NTR3571 ."
1831,Abstract #1831,"examine the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine combined with buspirone versus atomoxetine monotherapy and placebo in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . this randomized , 8-week , 3-arm , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial conducted from November 2004 through December 2005 , 241 adults with ADHD were randomly assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive up to twice-daily atomoxetine and thrice-daily buspirone ( n = 97 ) , twice-daily atomoxetine ( n = 97 ) , or placebo ( n = 47 ) . met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition , Text Revision criteria for ADHD . primary efficacy measure was the adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale ( AISRS ) . in the AISRS total score was significantly greater for atomoxetine-buspirone than placebo at all time points from weeks 1 to 7 , with an estimated mean difference of -4.80 ( P = .001 ) . in the mean AISRS total score was numerically greater for atomoxetine-buspirone than for atomoxetine at all time points , but statistically significant at week 4 only ( estimated difference = -2.04 , P < .10 ) . effect size for atomoxetine plus buspirone was 0.51 , and for atomoxetine alone , it was 0.40 . , nausea , dry mouth , headache , and asthenia were frequently reported adverse events for both active treatment groups , and dizziness was also frequently reported for the atomoxetine-buspirone group . due to treatment-related adverse effects were 15.5 % for atomoxetine-buspirone , 11.3 % for atomoxetine , and 14.9 % for placebo . was little indication of improvement for atomoxetine plus buspirone versus atomoxetine monotherapy , as most efficacy measures showed only slightly greater quantitative improvement for the combination , generally without statistical significance . is of note , however , that the quantitative differences between these 2 groups were virtually all in the direction of greater efficacy for the atomoxetine plus buspirone group . Identifier : NCT00174226 ."
1832,Abstract #1832,"guidelines for the initial treatment of bipolar type I ( BP I ) and bipolar type II ( BP II ) major depressive episode ( MDE ) recommend avoiding the use of antidepressant drugs due to concerns over drug-induced manic switch episodes . , recent evidence suggests that the manic switch rate during SSRI therapy of BP MDE may be lower than previously thought . preliminary , placebo-controlled study examines the relative rates of treatment-emergent manic symptoms during fluoxetine monotherapy , olanzapine monotherapy , and combined fluoxetine plus olanzapine therapy of BP I and BP II MDE . BP I and 2 BP II MDE patients were randomized to receive double-blind therapy with fluoxetine monotherapy 10-30 mg daily , olanzapine monotherapy 5-20 mg daily , combined therapy with fluoxetine 10-40 mg plus olanzapine 5-15 mg daily , or placebo for up to 8 weeks . measures included the 17-item HAM-D , 17-item HAM-D `` atypical '' symptom profile ( HAM-D 17-R ) , 28 item HAM-D , Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ( MADRS ) , and the Young Mania Rating ( YMR ) scale . were significant reductions over time in mean HAM-D 28 and MADRS ratings for all treatment groups ( p < 0.006 ) . , there were no differences among treatment conditions ( p = ns ) . was no significant increase in YMR scores over time in any treatment group . contrast , there was a significant reduction in the mean YMR score in the fluoxetine-treated patients over time ( p = 0.008 ) . patient met DSM IV criteria for a manic episode . sizes were limited and the study was not powered to detect statistical differences in efficacy or mania symptoms among treatment conditions . dose of fluoxetine was modest and the treatment duration was limited to 8 weeks . observations support earlier findings of a low manic switch rate during fluoxetine monotherapy of BP I and BP II MDE , and suggest that fluoxetine may be a safe initial treatment of BP MDE alone or in combination with olanzapine ."
1833,Abstract #1833,"education that enhances one 's self-management ability is of utmost importance for improving patient outcomes in chronic diseases . developed a 12 month self-management education program for type 2 diabetes , based on a previous 6 month program , and examined its efficacy . randomized controlled trial was carried out on outpatients with type 2 diabetes from two hospitals who met the criteria and gave consent to participate . were randomly divided into an intervention group that followed the program and a control group that followed usual clinical practise . intervention group received < 30 min of monthly interviews based on the program 's textbook and biweekly telephone calls from a nurse educator throughout the 12 months . the 50 participants in the intervention group and the 25 participants in the control group , 42 and 23 , respectively , completed the program ( a completion rate of 84.0 % ) . body weight , HbA1c , self-efficacy , dietary and exercise stages , quality of life , diastolic blood pressure , and total cholesterol level were significant by two-way repeated-measures anova . for changes over time within the groups , only the intervention group showed significant differences by Friedman 's test . complication prevention behaviors showed a high implementation rate in the intervention group . overall evaluation of this program by the participants was very high and , therefore , they highly recognized the need for this type of program . education works successfully in relation to patients ' behavior modification skills , degree of goal attainment , and self-efficacy , consequently improving their health outcomes ."
1834,Abstract #1834,"the high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction , the epidemiology and natural course of these disorders have not been identified yet . present survey was conducted to determine the incidence of thyroid dysfunction and natural course of subclinical thyroid disorders in an urban community of Tehran , I.R. Iran . TSH and thyroperoxidase antibody ( TPOAb ) were measured at baseline and after 6.7 yr from a sample of 1999 randomly selected subjects aged20 yr , participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study ( TLGS ) . TSH value and 2.5 , 5 , 95 , and 97.5 TSH percentiles were determined at baseline using data obtained from 808 negative TPOAb subjects with no history of any thyroid disease or surgery , goiter , nodule , taking thyroid hormone preparations or anti-thyroid drugs . those with abnormal TSH level , total T4 and T3 uptake were measured and free T4 index was calculated . TSH reference range was 0.4-5 .8 U/ml according to the 2.5 and 97.5 TSH percentiles . incidence rates of thyroid function abnormalities in 1000 subjects per year were as follows : clinical hypothyroidism : 0.28 in women and 0.21 in men ; subclinical hypothyroidism : 11.59 in women and 4.69 in men ; clinical hyperthyroidism : 1.4 in women and 0.21 in men ; and subclinical hyperthyroidism : 5.72 in women and 3.62 in men . significant increase was found in the frequency of positive TPOAb in women from 15.9 to 17.7 % ( p = 0.006 ) . 8 women with subclinical hypothyroidism at baseline , 5 remained unchanged , 1 became normal , and 1 developed clinical hypothyroidism at followup . women with subclinical hyperthyroidism normalized at follow-up . 2 men with subclinical hypothyroidism at baseline , 1 remained unchanged , whereas the other progressed to clinical hypothyroidism . a 6.7 yr follow-up significant increase in the incidence of subclinical thyroid disorders was observed in both men and women , as compared to overt thyroid dysfunction . in the prevalence of TPOAb positivity was observed only in women ."
1835,Abstract #1835,"compare therapeutic effects of placebo with intake of low doses of acetyl-salysilic acid ( aspirin ) and a compound of retinol , pyridoxine chlorhydrate and tocopherol acetate . study is a prospective , controlled , triple blinded , randomized trial . 259 patients , 81 were selected in order to follow rigid criteria of inclusion . were divided into three groups of 27 patients , taking aspirin , vitamins or placebo respectively . number of patients in each group was considered satisfactory for statistical analysis . was scored as Grade 1 ( without pain ) , Grade II ( moderate pain ) and Grade III ( severe pain ) . Tukey test was applied for comparison of results ( statistical significance 5 % ) . parameters , age , weight , BMI , parity and lactation period were similar for each group . was a decrease of pain intensity in all groups , that was even more pronounced for the placebo group . was given to symptomatic treatment of cyclic premenstrual mastalgia with symptoms considered to be the expression of a physiological process that can be treated with simple drugs or placebo . therapeutic approaches with several drugs are criticized , including results and contraindications . study based upon acceptable trial methodology ( randomized , triple blinded , placebo controlled , prospective ) did not show significant differences in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia ."
1836,Abstract #1836,"radiation reduces the bacterial content of water , and may therefore offer a method for disinfection of drinking water that requires few resources and no expertise . distributed plastic water bottles to 206 Maasai children aged 5-16 years whose drinking water was contaminated with faecal coliform bacteria . were instructed to fill the bottle with water and leave it in full sunlight on the roof of the hut ( solar group ) , or to keep their filled bottles indoors in the shade ( control group ) . Maasai-speaking fieldworker who lived in the community interviewed the mother of each child once every 2 weeks for 12 weeks . and severity of diarrhoea was recorded at each follow-up visit . the 108 children in households allocated solar treatment , diarrhoea was reported in 439 of the 2-week reporting periods during the 12-week trial ( average 4.1 [ SD 1.2 ] per child ) . comparison , the 98 children in the control households reported diarrhoea during 444 2-week reporting periods ( average 4.5 [ 1.2 ] per child ) . severe enough to prevent performance of duties occurred during 186 reporting periods in the solar group and during 222 periods in the control group ( average 1.7 [ 1.2 ] vs 2.3 [ 1.4 ] ) . adjustment for age , solar treatment of drinking water was associated with a reduction in all diarrhoea episodes ( odds ratio 0.66 [ 0.50-0 .87 ] ) and in episodes of severe diarrhoea ( 0.65 [ 0.50-0 .86 ] ) . findings suggest that solar disinfection of water may significantly reduce morbidity in communities with no other means of disinfection of drinking water , because of lack of resources or in the event of a disaster ."
1837,Abstract #1837,"is a common and debilitating side-effect experienced by breast cancer patients receiving aromatase inhibitors ( AIs ) and often results in premature drug discontinuation . conducted a randomised controlled trial of electro-acupuncture ( EA ) as compared to waitlist control ( WLC ) and sham acupuncture ( SA ) in postmenopausal women with breast cancer who self-reported arthralgia attributable to AIs . performed 10 EA/SA treatments over 8 weeks using a manualised protocol with 2 Hz electro-stimulation delivered by a TENS unit . administered SA using Streitberger ( non-penetrating ) needles at non-traditional acupuncture points without electro-stimulation . primary end-point was pain severity by Brief Pain Inventory ( BPI ) between EA and WLC at Week 8 ; durability of response at Week 12 and comparison of EA to SA were secondary aims . the 67 randomly assigned patients , mean reduction in pain severity was greater in the EA group than in the WLC group at Week 8 ( -2.2 versus -0.2 , p = 0.0004 ) and at Week 12 ( -2.4 versus -0.2 , p < 0.0001 ) . interference measured by BPI also improved in the EA group compared to the WLC group at both Week 8 ( -2.0 versus 0.2 , p = 0.0006 ) and Week 12 ( -2.1 versus -0.1 , p = 0.0034 ) . produced a magnitude of change in pain severity and pain-related interference at Week 8 ( -2.3 , -1.5 respectively ) and Week 12 ( -1.7 , -1.3 respectively ) similar to that of EA . in both EA and SA groups reported few minor adverse events . to usual care , EA produced clinically important and durable improvement in arthralgia related to AIs in breast cancer patients , and SA had a similar effect . EA and SA were safe ."
1838,Abstract #1838,"solutions provide a sterile , alternative colloidal fluid to albumin solutions and/or plasma in the management of patients who need plasma volume expansion . of HES are widely accepted internationally but are used only modestly in the United States , largely because of concerns over hemostasis . randomized , blinded , two-arm trial comparing the hemostatic effects of pentastarch versus hetastarch when infused in the clinically relevant dose of 90 g of HES dissolved in 1.5 L of saline was conducted . studies of fibrin clot formation , fibrinogen/fibrinolysis , and platelet ( PLT ) functions were performed before and on multiple occasions for 70 days following HES infusion . significant abnormalities of hemostasis assay results occurred following HES infusions , with hetastarch causing significantly greater abnormalities than pentastarch . clotting proteins and blood PLTs fell modestly because of plasma volume expansion and hemodilution . fall in excess of that caused by hemodilution was demonstrated for von Willebrand factor antigen plus its associated FVIII and ristocetin cofactor activities . partial thromboplastin time was prolonged , whereas the thrombin time was shortened . function abnormalities were seen in most subjects to a modest degree . of fibrinolysis were normal . of hetastarch produce significant abnormalities of some hemostasis laboratory results when infused at clinically relevant doses , but it is unlikely that the modest hemostatic abnormalities produced at these doses per se would lead to clinical bleeding . causes greater hemostatic abnormalities than pentastarch , and because both HES solutions have comparable plasma volume-expanding effects , it is reasonable to prefer pentastarch as a plasma volume expander ."
1839,Abstract #1839,"studied the 3-year efficacy and safety results of a 4-year study evaluating fluocinolone acetonide ( FA ) intravitreal implants in eyes with persistent or recurrent diabetic macular edema ( DME ) . , evaluator-masked , controlled , multicenter clinical trial . included 196 eyes with refractory DME . were randomized 2:1 to receive 0.59-mg FA implant ( n = 127 ) or standard of care ( SOC additional laser or observation ; n = 69 ) . implant was inserted through a pars plana incision . were scheduled on day 2 , weeks 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , and 26 , and thereafter every 13 weeks through 3 years postimplantation . primary efficacy outcome was 15-letter improvement in visual acuity ( VA ) at 6 months . outcomes included resolution of macular retinal thickening and Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Score ( DRSS ) . measures included incidence of adverse events ( AEs ) . , VA improved 3 lines in 16.8 % of implanted eyes at 6 months ( P = 0.0012 ; SOC , 1.4 % ) ; in 16.4 % at 1 year ( P = 0.1191 ; SOC , 8.1 % ) ; in 31.8 % at 2 years ( P = 0.0016 ; SOC , 9.3 % ) ; and in 31.1 % at 3 years ( P = 0.1566 ; SOC , 20.0 % ) . number of implanted eyes with no evidence of retinal thickening at the center of the macula was higher than SOC eyes at 6 months ( P < 0.0001 ) , 1 year ( P < 0.0001 ; 72 % vs 22 % ) , 2 years ( P = 0.016 ) , and 3 years ( P = 0.861 ) . higher rate of improvement and lower rate of decline in DRSS occurred in the implanted group versus the SOC group at 6 months ( P = 0.0006 ) , 1 year ( P = 0.0016 ) , 2 years ( P = 0.012 ) , and 3 years ( P = 0.0207 ) . pressure ( IOP ) 30 mmHg was recorded in 61.4 % of implanted eyes ( SOC , 5.8 % ) at any time and 33.8 % required surgery for ocular hypertension by 4 years . implanted phakic eyes , 91 % ( SOC , 20 % ) had cataract extraction by 4 years . FA intravitreal implant met the primary and secondary outcomes , with significantly improved VA and DRSS and reduced DME . most common AEs included cataract progression and elevated IOP . 0.59-mg FA intravitreal implant may be an effective treatment for eyes with persistent or recurrent DME . or commercial disclosure may be found after the references ."
1840,Abstract #1840,"stimulating hematopoiesis , erythropoietin ( EPO ) protects against experimental ischemic injury in the heart . present study evaluated the safety and tolerability of EPO treatment in non-anemic patients with acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) . this single-center , investigator-initiated , prospective study , patients with a first acute MI were randomized to one bolus of 300 microg darbepoetin alfa or no additional medication before primary coronary intervention . patients ( mean age 59 + / - 2 years ) were included . the darbepoetin group , serum EPO-levels increased to 130-270 times that of controls , within the first 24 h. darbepoetin administration , only small and non-significant changes in hematocrit levels were observed , while endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs , CD34 + / CD45 - ) were increased at 72 h ( 2.8 vs. 1.0 cells/microl in control group , p < 0.01 ) . adverse events were recorded during the 30-day follow-up . 4 months , left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in the two groups ( 52 + / - 3 % in darbepoetin vs. 48 + / - 5 % in control group , p = NS ) . single high-dose darbepoetin alfa in acute MI is both safe and well tolerated . treatment after MI stimulates EPCs mobilization . results of this first pilot study support a larger scale clinical trial to establish efficacy of EPO administration in patients after acute MI ."
1841,Abstract #1841,", an alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonist , has been shown to decrease intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and to have some analgesic and sedative effects when it is used in premedication for ophthalmic surgery . study was designed to investigate the efficacy of lidocaine-clonidine retrobulbar block for cataract surgery with respect to its effect on IOP , analgesic action , and sedative effects . elderly patients ( ASA status I and II ) were allocated randomly to receive in a prospective double-blind manner retrobulbar block for cataract surgery . I ( n = 30 ) received 3-4 mL of 2 % lidocaine with 1 mL saline , while group 2 ( n = 30 ) , received 3-4 mL of 2 % lidocaine with clonidine 2 micrograms/kg . large decrease in intraocular pressure from 13.5 + / - 4.6 to 7.7 + / - 3.7 mm Hg ( P < .01 ) and a small but significant reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed 20 minutes alter the retrobulbar block in patients receiving clonidine , while no changes occurred in the control group . median duration of analgesia and akinesia was greater in the lidocaine-clonidine group ( 241 + / - 88 minutes and 80 + / - 20 minutes , respectively ) as compared with the lidocaine group ( 128 + / - 24 minutes and 70 + / - 20 minutes , respectively ) ( P < .01 , P < .05 ) . scores were greater in group 2 from the 10-minute point ( P < .01 ) . of clonidine to lidocaine for retrobulbar block causes a decrease in intraocular pressure , a sedative effect , and an increased duration of analgesia and akinesia , with relatively stable hemodynamic parameters ."
1842,Abstract #1842,"with laboratory animals indicate that acute stress can modify both the direct effects of drugs of abuse and the tendency to self-administer drugs . , stress may also alter the acute subjective effects of drugs or the tendency to seek and consume drugs in humans . laboratory-based study was designed to determine whether an acute social stressor ( Trier Social Stress Test ; TSST ) alters subjective responses to a low oral dose of methamphetamine ( METH ; 10 mg ) in humans . study utilized a mixed within - and between-subjects design . young men ( n = 28 ) participated in two sessions , one with stress and the other without . were randomly assigned to two groups who received either METH ( n = 16 ) or placebo ( n = 12 ) on both sessions . each session , subjects underwent the TSST or no TSST , and then ingested a beverage containing drug ( 10 mg METH ) or placebo ( PLAC ) . the next 1.5 h various self-reported mood measures and physiological measures , including salivary cortisol levels , were obtained at regular intervals . acute stress and METH produced mood-altering and physiological effects . increased ratings of anxiety immediately after the stressful task , and increased salivary cortisol levels 20 min later . increased feelings of stimulation , and decreased fatigue and sedation , beginning about 20 min after drug administration and peaking at 60 and 90 min . dampened the early responses to METH ( i.e. at 20 min ) , but not the later effects ( 60 or 90 min ) . results demonstrate that acute stress can dampen subjective responses to a low dose of METH , but these effects are short-lived . remains to be determined what mechanisms mediate this effect ."
1843,Abstract #1843,"and understanding of gram-negative sepsis have grown over the past 20 years , but the ability to treat severe sepsis successfully has not . assess the efficacy and safety of E5 in the treatment of patients with severe gram-negative sepsis . multicenter , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial conducted at 136 US medical centers from April 1993 to April 1997 , designed with 90 % power to detect a 25 % relative risk reduction , incorporating 2 planned interim analyses . care units at university medical centers , Veterans Affairs medical centers , and community hospitals . aged 18 years or older , with signs and symptoms consistent with severe sepsis and documented or probable gram-negative infection . were assigned to receive 2 doses of either E5 , a murine monoclonal antibody directed against endotoxin ( n = 550 ; 2 mg/kg per day by intravenous infusion 24 hours apart ) or placebo ( n = 552 ) . primary end point was mortality at day 14 ; secondary end points were mortality at day 28 , adverse event rates , and 14-day and 28-day mortality in the subgroup without shock at presentation . trial was stopped after the second interim analysis . total of 1090 patients received study medication and 915 had gram-negative infection confirmed by culture . were no statistically significant differences in mortality between the E5 and placebo groups at either day 14 ( 29.7 % vs 31.1 % ; P = .67 ) or day 28 ( 38.5 % vs 40.3 % ; P = .56 ) . presenting without shock had a slightly lower mortality when treated with E5 but the difference was not significant ( 28.9 % vs 33.0 % for the E5 and placebo groups , respectively , at day 28 ; P = .32 ) . was a similar profile of adverse event rates between E5 and placebo . adequate sample size and high enrollment of patients with confirmed gram-negative sepsis , E5 did not improve short-term survival . study rationale and designs should be carefully reviewed before further large-scale studies of patients with sepsis are conducted ."
1844,Abstract #1844,"circumcision reduces penile high-risk human papillomavirus ( HR-HPV ) prevalence in randomised trials . goal of this study was to examine the effect of circumcision on HPV viral load among HPV-infected men in a randomised trial of male circumcision . a randomised trial to assess the efficacy of circumcision on HIV acquisition in Rakai , Uganda , HIV-negative men were randomised to immediate ( intervention ) or delayed ( control ) circumcision and followed over 24 months . performed quantitative-PCR HPV viral load assays on penile swabs which tested positive by Linear Array ( LA ) for six HR-HPV genotypes and estimated viral load in the remaining types by LA signal strength . 24 months , circumcision intervention arm men infected with one of the six selected HR-HPV genotypes had a lower viral load and significantly reduced HR-HPV high LA band intensity ( PRR = 0.61 , 95 % CI 0.43 to 0.86 ) compared to infected men in the control arm of the trial . decreased viral load associated with circumcision was seen among HPV infections acquired after enrolment but not among infections that persisted from trial enrolment to 24 months ( p = 0.80 ) . decreased penile HR-HPV shedding observed among HPV-infected circumcised men may help to explain the protective association observed between circumcision and reduced acquisition of HR-HPV in female partners ."
1845,Abstract #1845,"increased prescription of a gluten-free diet for gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals who do not have celiac disease , there is minimal evidence that suggests that gluten is a trigger . aims of this study were to determine whether gluten ingestion can induce symptoms in non-celiac individuals and to examine the mechanism . double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled rechallenge trial was undertaken in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in whom celiac disease was excluded and who were symptomatically controlled on a gluten-free diet . received either gluten or placebo in the form of two bread slices plus one muffin per day with a gluten-free diet for up to 6 weeks . were evaluated using a visual analog scale and markers of intestinal inflammation , injury , and immune activation were monitored . total of 34 patients ( aged 29-59 years , 4 men ) completed the study as per protocol . , 56 % had human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) - DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 . to diet and supplements was very high . 19 patients ( 68 % ) in the gluten group , 13 reported that symptoms were not adequately controlled compared with 6 of 15 ( 40 % ) on placebo ( P = 0.0001 ; generalized estimating equation ) . a visual analog scale , patients were significantly worse with gluten within 1 week for overall symptoms ( P = 0.047 ) , pain ( P = 0.016 ) , bloating ( P = 0.031 ) , satisfaction with stool consistency ( P = 0.024 ) , and tiredness ( P = 0.001 ) . antibodies were not induced . were no significant changes in fecal lactoferrin , levels of celiac antibodies , highly sensitive C-reactive protein , or intestinal permeability . were no differences in any end point in individuals with or without DQ2/DQ8 . Non-celiac gluten intolerance '' may exist , but no clues to the mechanism were elucidated ."
1846,Abstract #1846,"investigate the associations between changes in body composition and fitness after exercise training and changes in hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) in individuals with type 2 diabetes . ( n = 201 ) were randomized to aerobic , resistance , or combined training for 9 months . , waist circumference , total and trunk fat mass , appendicular fat mass , lean body mass , isokinetic leg muscle strength , peak O2 uptake , and estimated METs were assessed at baseline and follow-up . in HbA1c was evaluated across quartiles of change in body composition and fitness . in HbA1c was associated with changes in body weight ( r = 0.13 , P = 0.052 ) , waist circumference ( r = 0.17 , P = 0.013 ) , trunk fat mass ( r = 0.19 , P = 0.005 ) , and estimated METs ( r = -0.16 , P = 0.023 ) . was a trend in change in HbA1c across quartiles of waist circumference ( P = 0.011 ) , trunk fat mass ( P = 0.020 ) , and estimated METs ( P = 0.011 ) . with increased estimated METs and reduced trunk fat mass had greater odds of having reduced HbA1c after training ( 3.48 , 1.46-8 .31 ) . , participants with increased estimated METs and reduced waist circumference were 2.81 ( 1.13-6 .98 ) times more likely to have reduced HbA1c and type 2 diabetes medication use than those without improved fitness and central adiposity . patients with type 2 diabetes , a reduction in central adiposity and increase in fitness were the most prominent predictors of the change in HbA1c in response to exercise training ."
1847,Abstract #1847,"pylori eradication rate with standard triple therapies is decreasing . , lactoferrin administration has been shown to significantly increase the cure rate of 7-day rabeprazole , clarithromycin and tinidazole triple therapy . assessed whether lactoferrin also increases the eradication rate of 7-day esomeprazole , clarithromycin and amoxycillin triple therapy as first-line treatment . , 133 consecutive patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and H. pylori infection were randomised to receive either a standard 7-day triple therapy with esomeprazole 20mg b.i.d. , clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. and amoxycillin 1g b.i.d. ( 68 patients ) or a quadruple therapy comprising of the same regimen plus lactoferrin 200mg b.i.d. ( 65 patients ) . pylori at entry was assessed by endoscopy , while bacterial eradication was checked by ( 13 ) C urea breath test 4-6 weeks after treatment . pylori eradication following standard triple therapy was achieved in 53/68 ( 77.9 % ; 95 % CI = 68-88 ) and in 53/66 ( 80.3 % ; 95 % CI = 71-89 ) patients at ITT and PP analyses , respectively . the quadruple regimen , the infection was cured in 50/65 ( 76.9 % ; 95 % CI = 67-87 ) and 50/64 ( 78.1 % ; 95 % CI = 68-88 ) patients at ITT and PP analyses , respectively . statistically significant difference emerged between the two therapeutic regimens , both at ITT ( p = 0.9 ) and PP analyses ( p = 0.9 ) . effects were complained by seven ( 10.3 % ) patients and six ( 9.2 % ) patients following the triple and quadruple regimens , respectively ( p = 0.9 ) , with only one patient in the quadruple group interrupting the treatment due to side effects . therapy with lactoferrin did not significantly increase the H. pylori cure rate of standard 7-day clarithromycin-amoxycillin based triple therapy in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients ."
1848,Abstract #1848,"surgical site for the creation of an arteriovenous fistula at the lateral aspect of the distal forearm may be faster and more effectively blocked with the infraclavicular coracoid approach than with the axillary approach for brachial plexus block . uremic patients scheduled for the creation of an arteriovenous fistula at the forearm were randomized to receive a single-injection brachial plexus block with 35 to 50 mL mepivacaine 0.95 % with epinephrine using the infraclavicular coracoid approach ( IC group ) or the perivascular axillary approach ( AX group ) . distal muscular contraction elicited by a nerve stimulator at current < 0.5 mA was used in all patients . 30 and 45 minutes , complete loss of sensation was observed more often in group IC than AX in the cutaneous distribution of musculocutaneous nerve ( 62 % v 30 % [ P < .05 ] and 69 % v 40 % , respectively [ P < .05 ] ) , but at 60 minutes the difference was not statistically significant . other areas , analgesia and motor block were achieved at a similar rate . 3 patients surgery could not be performed under the block due to changes in schedule or the use of a brachial tourniquet . satisfaction was equally high in both groups . of the musculocutaneous nerve developed faster with the infraclavicular coracoid approach than with the axillary approach . infraclavicular coracoid approach may be preferable in patients scheduled for the creation of an arteriovenous fistula at the forearm ."
1849,Abstract #1849,"patients with pancreas and periampullary cancer ( PPC ) experience improved survival rates and longevity , the focus shifts toward living life while surviving cancer . is the most commonly reported symptom in all cancer patients . has been found to effectively decrease fatigue levels and improve physical functioning in cancer patients . hundred two patients with resected PPC consented to participate in this study and were randomized to either an intervention group ( IG ) or a usual care group ( UCG ) . completed visual analog scales , the FACIT-Fatigue Scale and the Short Form-36v2 after surgery and again 3 to 6 months after hospital discharge . in the IG and UCG were comparable with regard to demographics , comorbidities , cancer type and staging , type of resection , preoperative fatigue and pain levels , adjuvant therapy , and baseline walking distance . in the IG had significantly improved scores on the FACIT-Fatigue Scale at study completion , improved fatigue and pain scores , as well as overall physical functioning and mental health composite scores . study completion , participants in the IG were walking twice as far and were significantly more likely to have continued walking or another form of exercise as compared with the UCG . hierarchical cluster analysis , 3 mutually exclusive symptom groupings were identified in the cohort . survival analysis did not indicate an overall survival benefit for the IG . is the first prospective , randomized controlled trial to report that participation in a home walking program confers a significant benefit in resected PPC patients with regard to fatigue levels , physical functioning , and health-related quality of life ."
1850,Abstract #1850,"pathophysiologic mechanisms of idiopathic tinnitus remain unclear . frequency rTMS applied over the auditory cortex has been proposed as a new and causally oriented treatment approach for pathological conditions with abnormal , increased cortical activity including tinnitus with increased activity in the auditory cortex . available studies are characterized by a positive reports on the therapeutic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) for treatment of tinnitus , there are few details about the duration of specific treatment effects . design of the study was randomized , prospective , placebo-controlled . patients were treated with either real or sham 1 Hz frequency rTMS over a period of two weeks . patients with chronic , treatment resistant tinnitus and stable medication were enrolled in the study after giving written informed consent and forty-two patients completed the study and were included in data analysis . ability to reduce the symptoms of tinnitus appeared in both randomized groups immediately after the 1 Hz rTMS and sham stimulation phase . was a significant reduction in both groups of the tinnitus total score on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory ( THI ) ( real rTMS p = 0.005 ; sham rTMS p = 0.049 ) and Tinnitus Questionnaire ( TQ ) total score ( real rTMS p = 0.003 ; sham rTMS p = 0.049 ) . the THI evaluation scale , in the real rTMS a mild worsening was noted during week 6 in comparison with the state attained in week 2 . the subsequent course of the study a significant reduction of the total score persisted in the case of THI ( real rTMS week 14 p = 0.033 and borderline week 26 p = 0.058 ) . reduction of symptoms as evaluated using the TQ was significant compared to baseline in the real rTMS group at week 2 , 6 and 14 ( p = 0.003 ; p = 0.024 ; p = 0.022 ) . group treated with sham stimulation reached significant reduction of symptoms only at week 2 ( p = 0.049 ) . comparison of the difference in the recorded values of the total score during follow-up in relation to baseline expressed as a percentage demonstrates the difference in the effect of rTMS and sham stimulation as evaluated by both the basic scales . analysis of mean patterns of treatment response according to stimulation type shows a similarity between treatment response patterns evaluated by reduction of the total scores using THI and TQ . principal finding of this study is that real 1 Hz rTMS treatment was capable of significantly reducing the total baseline score of basic scales that measure tinnitus severity . result is important as it proves that significant reduction of symptoms can be achieved even in a group of patients with long-term symptoms resistant to pharmacological treatment ."
1851,Abstract #1851,"sepsis is associated with varied degree of hypoxemia and atelactasis in the lung and can enhance the onset of desaturation of arterial blood during apnea . study looked at methods to improve safety margin of apnea during induction of anesthesia in these high-risk patients . was a randomized , single blind study on adult patients presenting for emergency laparotomy due to peritonitis in a university teaching hospital setting . group 1 ( IS ) ( n = 32 ) , three sessions of incentive spirometry ( IS ) were performed within one hour before induction of anesthesia . group 2 ( DB ) ( n = 34 ) , patients were subjected to deep breathing sessions in a similar manner . patients received preoxygenation ( 100 % ) by mask for 3 min , followed by rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia using fentanyl , thiopental , and suxamethonium and endotracheal intubation . were subjected to a period of apnea by keeping the end of the endotracheal tube open to air till they developed 95 % hemoglobin saturation ( SpO 2 ) by pulse oxymetry . pressure ventilation was resumed at the end . observed for hemodynamic changes , apnea time , and SpO 2 ( 100 % ) recovery time on resuming ventilation . blood gas samples were taken before intervention , after IS or DB , after preoxygenation , and at the end of apnea . analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) , X 2 test , Kaplan-Meier graph , and log-rank tests were applied to compare the two study groups . level in group 1 ( 265 76.7 mmHg ) patients was significantly ( P < 0.001 ) higher than in group 2 ( 221 61.8 mmHg ) at the end of preoxygenation . apnea time ( median : lower bound - upper bound Confidence Interval apnea time ) ( 272:240 -279 s ) in group 1 ( IS ) patients was significantly higher P < 0.05 ) than in group 2 ( 180:163 -209 s ) patients . recovery time ( 35:34 -46 s ) in group 1 ( IS ) patients was also quicker than in group 2 patients ( 48:44 -58 s ) . in the preoperative period is superior to deep breathing sessions for improving apnea tolerance during induction of anesthesia in abdominal sepsis patients ."
1852,Abstract #1852,"risk of musculoskeletal injury with the introduction of moderate-to-vigorous exercise in sedentary adults is not well established . purpose of this report is to examine the effect of a 12-month exercise intervention on musculoskeletal injury and bodily pain in predominately overweight , sedentary men ( n = 102 ) and women ( n = 100 ) , ages 40 to 75 years . were randomized to a moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise intervention ( EX ) ( 6 d/wk , 60 min/d , 60 % to 85 % max . rate ) or usual lifestyle control ( CON ) . completed a self-report of musculoskeletal injury and body pain at baseline and 12-months . number of individuals reporting an injury ( CON ; 28 % vs. EX ; 28 % , P = .95 ) did not differ by group . most commonly injured site was lower leg/ankle/foot . most common causes of injury were sports/physical activity , home maintenance , or `` other . '' the control group , bodily pain increased over the 12 months compared with the exercise group ( CON -7.9 , EX -1.4 , P = .05 ) . demographics and volume of exercise were not associated with injury risk . sedentary men and women randomized to a 12-month aerobic exercise intervention with a goal of 360 min/wk reported the same number of injuries as those in the control group and less bodily pain ."
1853,Abstract #1853,"aim of this study was to compare shoulder manipulation and arthroscopic arthrolysis with glenohumeral steroid injections in patients affected by idiopathic adhesive shoulder capsulitis . this prospective study we randomly assigned patients to enter group A ( 23 patients , shoulder manipulation and arthroscopic arthrolysis ) and group B ( 21 patients , glenohumeral steroid injections ) . were followed-up at three , six and 12 weeks , and at six and 12 months with the Constant and Murley , ASES , UCLA and SST evaluation scales . , passive forward flexion , abduction , and internal and external rotations were recorded . of motion showed satisfactory results in both groups at final follow-up : in group A the mean ABD increased from 60 to 154 , ER from 20 to 40 , and FF from 75 to 174 ; in group B , ABD raised from 76 to 145 , ER from 20 to 35 , and FF from 115 to 164 . the evaluation scales performed increased significantly at final follow-up in both groups . , while patients of group A had already reached significant improvement at the six-week follow-up ( p < 0.03 ) , in group B this happened only at the 12 week follow-up ( p < 0.03 ) . types of treatment were effective in improving final range of motion ; however , while patients of group A accomplished their goal by the six-week follow-up , in group B the same result was obtained at the 12-week follow-up ."
1854,Abstract #1854,"determine whether the addition of the thiazoladinedione , pioglitazone , to standard therapy improves metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes ( T1D ) and clinical evidence of insulin resistance . , placebo-controlled 6-month 2-site trial of pioglitazone therapy in 35 adolescents with T1D , high insulin requirements ( > 0.9 U/kg/d ) , and suboptimal metabolic control ( A1c 7.5 % -11 % ) , with the primary outcome of change in A1c . outcomes include change in insulin dose , body mass index ( BMI ) , lipids , and waist and hip circumference . control ( A1c ) was improved at 6 months in all subjects ( P = .02 ) . was no significant difference between the pioglitazone and placebo treatment groups at 6 months in either change in A1c ( -0.4 % + / - 0.9 % and -0.5 % + / - 1.2 % , respectively ) or insulin dose . SDS increased by 0.3 + / - 0.3 ( kg/m ( 2 ) ) in the pioglitazone group and remained unchanged in the placebo group ( P = .01 ) . was no significant difference in change in any lipid parameters between the pioglitazone and placebo groups at 6 months . pioglitazone therapy was not effective in improving glycemic control in adolescents with T1D . was associated with increased BMI ."
1855,Abstract #1855,"longitudinal systolic strain ( GLS ) is often reduced in aortic stenosis despite normal ejection fraction . importance of reduced preoperative GLS on long-term outcome after aortic valve replacement is unknown . total of 125 patients with severe aortic stenosis and ejection fraction > 40 % scheduled for aortic valve replacement were evaluated preoperatively and divided into 4 groups according to GLS quartiles . were followed up for 4 years . primary end points were major adverse cardiac events ( MACEs ) defined as cardiovascular mortality and cardiac hospitalization because of worsening of heart failure ; the secondary end point was cardiovascular mortality . and cardiac mortality were significantly increased in patients with lower GLS . 5-year MACE was increased : first quartile 19 % ( n = 6 ) / second quartile 20 % ( n = 6 ) / third quartile 35 % ( n = 11 ) / fourth quartile 49 % ( n = 15 ) ; P = 0.04 . with increased age , left ventricular hypertrophy , and left atrial dilatation were at increased risk . Cox regression analysis , after correcting for standard risk factors and ejection fraction , GLS was found to be significantly associated with cardiac morbidity and mortality . a stepwise Cox model with forward selection , GLS was the sole independent predictor : hazard ratio = 1.13 ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.02-1 .25 ) , P = 0.04 . the overall log likelihood ( 2 ) of the predictive power of the multivariable model containing GLS was statistically superior to models based on EuroScore , history with ischemic heart disease , and ejection fraction . patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement , reduced GLS provides important prognostic information beyond standard risk factors ."
1856,Abstract #1856,"goal of this work was to determine whether the blockade of histamine H2 receptors is beneficial for the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure ( CHF ) . CHF is one of the major life-threatening diseases , we need to find a novel effective therapy . , our previous study , which predicts the involvement of histamine in CHF , suggests that we should test this hypothesis in patients with CHF . selected 159 patients who received famotidine among symptomatic CHF patients for the retrospective study . blindly selected age - and gender-matched CHF patients receiving drugs for gastritis other than histamine H2 receptor blockers as a control group . the prospective study , 50 symptomatic CHF patients were randomly divided into 2 groups . group received famotidine of 30 mg/day for 6 months , and the other group received teprenone . the retrospective study , famotidine of 20 to 40 mg decreased both left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic lengths ( LVDd and LVDs , respectively ) and the plasma B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) levels ( 182 + / - 21 vs. 259 + / - 25 pg/ml , p < 0.05 ) with unaltered fractional shortening ( FS ) . a randomized , open-label study , compared with teprenone , famotidine of 30 mg prospectively decreased both New York Heart Association functional class ( p < 0.05 ) and plasma BNP levels ( 183 + / - 26 pg/ml vs. 285 + / - 41 pg/ml , p < 0.05 ) ; this corresponded to decreasing both LVDd ( 57 + / - 2 mm vs. 64 + / - 2 mm , p < 0.05 ) and LVDs ( 47 + / - 2 mm vs. 55 + / - 2 mm , p < 0.05 ) with unaltered FS ( 15 + / - 1 % vs. 17 + / - 1 % ) . frequency of readmission because of worsening of CHF was lower in the famotidine group ( 4 % and 24 % , p < 0.05 ) . the other hand , teprenone had no effects on CHF . improved both cardiac symptoms and ventricular remodeling associated with CHF . H2 receptor blockers may have therapeutic benefits for CHF ."
1857,Abstract #1857,"test the effect of supplementation of diet with ascorbic acid , selenium , alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene on the oxidation resistance of very low ( VLDL ) + low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) . randomized placebo-controlled double-masked clinical trial . healthy men aged 30-58 years smoking regularly 15-40 cigarettes/day . subjects recruited from the general population , who all completed the study . mg of slow release ascorbic acid , 100 micrograms of organic selenium , 200 mg of D-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and 30 mg of beta-carotene daily or placebo , 20 men in each group for 3 months . oxidation resistance of VLDL + LDL measured by inducing oxidation with copper chloride and , separately , with a combination of haemin and H2O2 . plasma , alpha-tocopherol increased by 72 % , beta-carotene by 209 % , ascorbate by 45 % and selenium by 20 % in the supplemented men . lag time to oxidation increased by 27 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 18-35 % , P < 0.001 ] after copper and by 29 % ( 95 % CI 12-46 % , P = 0.002 ) after haemin plus H2O2 in the supplemented group as compared to the placebo group by t-tests . respective net changes in the maximal oxidation velocity were a reduction of 10 % ( 95 % CI 1-21 % , P = 0.037 ) after copper and a reduction of 15 % ( 95 % CI-1 to 30 % , P = 0.070 ) after haemin and H2O2 . findings provide further confirmation for the notion that the supplementation of diet with antioxidative vitamins and selenium increases the oxidation resistance of atherogenic lipoproteins in human plasma ."
1858,Abstract #1858,"( VLBW ) infants are susceptible to glutamine depletion . depletion has negative effects on intestinal integrity . lower infection rate in VLBW infants receiving glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition may originate from improved intestinal integrity , as reflected by decreased intestinal permeability . aim of our study was to investigate whether glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in VLBW infants enhances the normal decrease in intestinal permeability , as measured by the sugar absorption test ( SAT ) . a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , VLBW infants ( gestational age < 32 weeks or birth weight < 1,500 g ) received enteral glutamine supplementation ( 0.3 g/kg/d ) or an isonitrogenous placebo supplementation ( alanine ) between days 3 and 30 of life . permeability , determined from the urinary lactulose/mannitol ( L/M ) ratio after an oral dose of lactulose and mannitol , was assessed at 4 time points : before the start of the study , and at days 7 , 14 , and 30 of life . least 2 SATs were performed in 45/52 ( 86 % ) and 45/50 ( 90 % ) infants in the glutamine-supplemented and control groups , respectively . patient and nutrition characteristics were not different between the groups . was no effect of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on the decrease of the L/M ratio between the start and end of the study ( p = .78 ) . both treatment groups , median urinary lactulose concentrations decreased ( p < .001 ) , whereas median urinary mannitol concentrations increased ( p = .003 ) . enteral nutrition does not enhance the postnatal decrease in intestinal permeability in VLBW infants . beneficial effect of glutamine may involve other aspects of intestinal integrity ; for example , modulation of the intestinal inflammatory response ."
1859,Abstract #1859,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of 48 weeks adefovir dipivoxil ( ADV ) treatment for chronic hepatitis patients with cirrhosis in their decompensation period . chronic hepatitis patients with cirrhosis in their decompensation period were randomly put into two groups . adefovir dipivoxil ( ADV ) group : 32 patients treated with 10 mg of ADV a day ; and a lamivudine ( LMV ) group : 30 patients treated with 100 mg of LMV a day . course of treatment lasted 48 weeks . levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) , Alb , TBil , HBeAg , HBV DNA , PCIII , IVC , LN , and HA , renal function , Child-Pugh scores and drug adverse reactions during the treatment of the two groups were checked , compared and analyzed . ratios of recovery for liver functions and the negativity rate of HBV DNA , HBeAg , including sero-conversion rate of HBeAg/HBeAb , were increased with prolongation of the treatment period ; however , the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ) . patients treated with lamivudine suffered from YMDD variation at the 48th week ; the ratio of variation was 6.7 % . YMDD variation happened in the ADV group . the 24th week of the treatment , the levels of the serum markers of hepatic fibrosis declined obviously , compared with those prior to the treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . were no significant statistical differences of those levels between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . significant differences of Child-Pugh scores were noticed between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . drug related renal function impairment was found during the treatment . patients of each group had adverse drug reactions but all were mild . efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine treatment for the above patients were similar , but the ratio of emerging virus-resistant strains was lower in the adefovir dipivoxil treatment group ."
1860,Abstract #1860,"loss is a common complication of cardiac surgery . suggests that recombinant activated factor VII ( rFVIIa ) can decrease intractable bleeding in patients after cardiac surgery . objective was to investigate the safety and possible benefits of rFVIIa in patients who bleed after cardiac surgery . this phase II dose-escalation study , patients who had undergone cardiac surgery and were bleeding were randomized to receive placebo ( n = 68 ) , 40 microg/kg rFVIIa ( n = 35 ) , or 80 microg/kg rFVIIa ( n = 69 ) . primary end points were the number of patients suffering critical serious adverse events . end points included rates of reoperation , amount of blood loss , and transfusion of allogeneic blood . were more critical serious adverse events in the rFVIIa groups . differences did not reach statistical significance ( placebo , 7 % ; 40 microg/kg , 14 % ; P = 0.25 ; 80 microg/kg , 12 % ; P = 0.43 ) . randomization , significantly fewer patients in the rFVIIa group underwent a reoperation as a result of bleeding ( P = 0.03 ) or required allogeneic transfusions ( P = 0.01 ) . the basis of this preliminary evidence , rFVIIa may be beneficial for treating bleeding after cardiac surgery , but caution should be applied and further clinical trials are required because there is an increase in the number of critical serious adverse events , including stroke , in those patients randomized to receive rFVIIa ."
1861,Abstract #1861,"obesity and exaggerated postprandial lipemia are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and mortality , and both are affected by dietary behavior . investigated whether dietary supplementation with whey protein and medium-chain saturated fatty acids ( MC-SFAs ) improved postprandial lipid metabolism in humans with abdominal obesity . conducted a 12-wk , randomized , double-blinded , diet intervention study . adults were randomly allocated to one of 4 diets in a 2 2 factorial design . consumed 60 g milk protein ( whey or casein ) and 63 g milk fat ( with high or low MC-SFA content ) daily . and after the intervention , a high-fat meal test was performed . measured changes from baseline in fasting and postprandial triacylglycerol , apolipoprotein B-48 ( apoB-48 ; reflecting chylomicrons of intestinal origin ) , free fatty acids ( FFAs ) , insulin , glucose , glucagon , glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1 ) , and gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP ) . , changes in the expression of adipose tissue genes involved in lipid metabolism were investigated . ANOVA was used to examine the difference between protein types and fatty acid compositions , as well as any interaction between the two . participants completed the study . found that the postprandial apoB-48 response decreased significantly after whey compared with casein ( P = 0.025 ) independently of fatty acid composition . , supplementation with casein resulted in a significant increase in the postprandial GLP-1 response compared with whey ( P = 0.003 ) . found no difference in postprandial triacylglycerol , FFA , insulin , glucose , glucagon , or GIP related to protein type or MC-SFA content . observed no interaction between milk protein and milk fat on postprandial lipemia . found that a whey protein supplement decreased the postprandial chylomicron response compared with casein in persons with abdominal obesity , thereby indicating a beneficial impact on CVD risk . trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01472666 ."
1862,Abstract #1862,"evaluate the use and effect of early administration of vaginal estrogen via a continuous low-dose estradiol vaginal ring placed immediately after pelvic reconstructive surgery . was a randomized controlled trial of 65 postmenopausal women undergoing vaginal reconstructive surgery . subjects were randomly assigned to receive an estradiol-releasing vaginal ring , placebo vaginal ring , or control without vaginal ring for 12 weeks immediately after vaginal reconstructive surgery . primary outcome was tissue quality based on vaginal maturation 3 months postoperatively . outcome measures were subjective and objective signs of atrophy ; vaginal pH ; the presence of granulation tissue , microscopic inflammation , and major healing abnormalities ; and the ability to tolerate an intravaginal ring . 12 weeks , the estradiol ring group had a significantly improved maturation value ( P < 0.01 ) and objective atrophy assessment ( P < 0.01 ) compared with the placebo ring and control arms . tissue was increased in the placebo ring arm ( P < 0.01 ) . atrophy scores did not differ among the groups ( P = 0.39 ) . administration of vaginal estrogen after vaginal surgery via an estradiol-releasing ring is feasible and results in improved markers of tissue quality postoperatively compared to placebo and controls ."
1863,Abstract #1863,"hypertensive crises ( PHTC ) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after congenital heart surgery . nitric oxide is frequently used as rescue therapy . did a randomised double-blind study to investigate the role of routinely administered inhaled nitric oxide to prevent pulmonary hypertension in infants at high risk . enrolled 124 infants ( 64 male , 60 female ; median age 3 months [ IQR 1-5 ] ) , 76 % with large ventricular or atrioventricular septal defects , who had high pulmonary flow , pressure , or both , and were undergoing corrective surgery for congenital heart disease . were randomly assigned continuous low-dose inhaled nitric oxide ( n = 63 ) or placebo ( n = 61 ) from surgery until just before extubation . measured the numbers of PHTC , time on study gas , and hours spent in intensive care . was done by intention to treat . with placebo , infants receiving inhaled nitric oxide had fewer PHTC ( median four [ IQR 0-12 ] vs seven [ 1-19 ] ; relative risk , unadjusted 0.66 , p < 0.001 , adjusted for dispersion 0.65 , p = 0.045 ) and shorter times until criteria for extubation were met ( 80 [ 38-121 ] vs 112 h [ 63-164 ] , p = 0.019 ) . taken to wean infants off study gas was 35 % longer in the nitric oxide group than in the placebo group ( p = 0.19 ) , but the total time on the study gas was still 30 h shorter for the nitric oxide group ( 87 [ 43-125 ] vs 117 h [ 67-168 ] , p = 0.023 ) . important toxic effects arose . infants at high risk of pulmonary hypertension , routine use of inhaled nitric oxide after congenital heart surgery can lessen the risk of pulmonary hypertensive crises and shorten the postoperative course , with no toxic effects ."
1864,Abstract #1864,"methacholine challenge test is a common investigation used to identify airway hyperresponsiveness . has been recent debate as to whether the airway effect is due to the concentration or the dose of methacholine . determine whether the airway response during a methacholine challenge test is due to the concentration or the dose of methacholine . subjects with stable , mild asthma were enrolled in this study . methacholine challenge tests , one with 30-second inhalations of methacholine and the other with two minute inhalations of methacholine , were performed on each subject in a random order on 2 days within a 1-week period at approximately the same time each day . geometric mean 2-minute PC20 was 1.1 mg/mL and the geometric mean 30-second PC20 was 5.7 mg/mL , 5.2-fold greater than the mean 2-minute PC20 . paired t-test comparison of the 2-minute PC20 multiplied by 4 and the 30-second PC20 revealed no significant difference ( P > .2 ) . dose of methacholine is primarily responsible for the degree of bronchial response rather than the concentration ."
1865,Abstract #1865,", a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor , was examined in the treatment of smokers with elevated depressive symptoms . , this randomized , open-label clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of three logical , real-world alternatives for providing smoking cessation treatment to smokers with elevated depressive symptoms . a sample of 216 smokers ( mean Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score = 11.41 ) , participants were randomly assigned to ( a ) transdermal nicotine patch ( TNP ) , beginning on quit date and continuing for 8 weeks thereafter ; ( b ) standard administration of antidepressant pharmacotherapy with fluoxetine ( 20mg ) , beginning 2 weeks before quit date and continuing for 8 weeks following quit date + TNP ( ST-FLUOX ) ; or ( c ) sequential administration of fluoxetine ( 20mg ) , beginning 8 weeks before quit date and continuing for 8 weeks following quit date + TNP ( SEQ-FLUOX ) . participants received 5 sessions of brief behavioral smoking cessation treatment . indicate that SEQ-FLUOX resulted in significantly higher point prevalence abstinence than ST-FLUOX at 6-month follow-up ( OR = 2.35 ; 95 % CI = 1.10-5 .02 , p < .03 ) , a difference that was reduced at the 12-month assessment . , sequential fluoxetine treatment , compared with standard fluoxetine treatment , resulted in significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms throughout smoking cessation treatment ( p < .025 ) and significantly lower nicotine withdrawal-related negative affect ( p < .004 ) immediately after quitting . suggest that if one is going to prescribe fluoxetine for smoking cessation in smokers with elevated depressive symptoms , it is best to begin prescribing fluoxetine well before the target quit date ."
1866,Abstract #1866,"evaluate the effect of the early use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation ( NIPPV ) on gas exchange , rate of endotracheal intubation and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . patients with acute exacerbation of COPD [ 7.25 < or = arterial blood pH ( pHa ) < 7.35 , partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery ( PaCO ( 2 ) ) > 45 mm Hg , 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa ] were enrolled in the study . patients were divided randomly into standard therapy group ( group A , n = 18 ) and standard therapy + NIPPV group ( group B , n = 18 ) . patients in group A were treated with standard therapy only and those in group B were treated with both standard therapy and NIPPV with Bi-level positive airway pressure ( BiPAP ) mode . should be maintained over 2 hours in the first time . the first 3 days , the duration of NIPPV should not be less than 8 hours per day . each group , heart rate ( HR ) , respiratory rate ( RR ) , parameters of gas exchange , and scale for accessory muscle use were measured at the time of enrollment ( 0 hour ) , 2 hours , 24 hours and 72 hours after randomization . group B , the foregoing parameters were also observed at 24 hours after the end of NIPPV . of endotracheal intubation and in-hospital mortality were recorded in each group . general conditions were similar in both groups at 0 hour . with that of 0 hour , marked improvement in HR , RR , pHa , PaCO ( 2 ) and scale for accessory muscle use was found only at 72 hours after treatment in group A. group B , significant improvement in HR , RR , PaCO ( 2 ) , partial pressure of oxygen in artery ( PaO ( 2 ) ) and scale for accessory muscle use was found 2 hours after the treatment . this group , the foregoing parameters were improved continuously in the course of the treatment , and they showed no deterioration 24 hours after termination of NIPPV . rate of endotracheal intubation in group B ( 11.1 % ) was significantly lower than that in group A ( 44.4 % , P < 0.05 ) . group B , the in-hospital mortality was slightly lower than that in group A ( 5.6 % vs. 16.7 % , P > 0.05 ) . use of NIPPV can improve gas exchange , lessen respiratory muscle fatigue and decrease the need for intubation in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD ."
1867,Abstract #1867,"butylbromide ( hyoscine-N-butylbromide , HB ) is an anticholinergic drug used as a smooth muscle relaxant , and is used even in some surgical procedures during general anesthesia . also causes an increase in heart rate as a side effect . authors evaluated the efficacy of esmolol on hemodynamic changes induced by HB in major abdominal surgery under inhalation anesthesia . patients for major abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to control group ( C group , n = 9 ) or to esmolol group ( E group , n = 8 ) . was induced with propofol and was maintained with isoflurane-nitrous oxide inhalation and intermittent administration of fentanyl and vecuronium . the time of bowel anastomosis , 20 mg of HB was administrated as an antispasmodic . E group , esmolol 0.6 mg x kg ( -1 ) was administered immediately after HB administration . were no differences in the patient background between the two groups . 1 to 10 minutes after HB administration , heart rate increased significantly compared with that at pre-administration in C group , while there was no significant change in heart rate in E group . rate in E group was significantly lower than that in C group at 2 and 3 minutes after HB administration . pressure was not significantly changed in both groups during the observation period . simultaneous administration of HB and esmolol was useful for heart rate control after HB administration ."
1868,Abstract #1868,"investigate the change in plasma brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) and severe respiratory failure receiving invasive or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation . patients with COPD and severe respiratory failure were randomized into non-invasive ventilation group ( n = 28 ) to receive facial mask ventilation and invasive ventilation group ( n = 28 ) to have mechanical ventilation by tracheal intubation or tracheal incision . changes of blood gas and BNP before and 24 h after the ventilation were observed . indexes of blood gas analysis such as pH , PO2 and PaCO2 in the invasive ventilation group were better than those in the non-invasive ventilation group ( P < 0.05 ) . plasma levels of BNP of the invasive ventilation group were much lower 24 h after the treatment than that of the non-invasive ventilation group ( P < 0.05 ) . ventilation produces better effect than non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of COPD with severe respiratory failure . concentrations of BNP has significant clinical value to evaluate the effect of mechanical ventilation ."
1869,Abstract #1869,"reliability of posttreatment canine-to-canine retention with resin composite retainers reinforced with plasma-treated woven polyethylene ribbons was compared to the reliability of directly bonded , multistranded wire retainers . prospective study was based on an assessment of 20 consecutive patients ( eight women and 12 men with a mean age of 22.4 years ) who required a fixed canine-to-canine retainer after undergoing orthodontic treatment . type of retainer used was randomized for each patient . follow-up examination was carried out once every 3 months . length of time the retainers stayed in place without resin fracture or loosening from the teeth at one or more points was evaluated . study 's endpoint was 24 months after the retainer had been bonded . ribbon-reinforced retainer remained in place for an average of 11.5 months , and the multistranded wire for a mean of 23.6 months . difference was statistically significant . terms of reliability for permanently fixed orthodontic retention from canine to canine , the direct-bonded multistranded wire is superior to the plasma-treated polyethylene woven ribbon and resin retainer ."
1870,Abstract #1870,"Department , Bethania Hospital , Sialkot , Pakistan . determine whether intensive counselling can improve treatment adherence . a randomised controlled intervention trial of 1,019 adult tuberculosis patients , 49 % were assigned to the intervention group and 51 % to the control group . data were obtained through semi-structured interviews . were followed until the end of treatment ( cure , default , referral or death ) . intervention included counselling at the start of treatment and at each subsequent visit for ambulatory patients , or weekly for hospitalised patients . combined health education with strategies to strengthen patients ' self-efficacy . group patients received the usual care . outcome measure was treatment default . default rate was 54 % in the control group and 47 % in the intervention group : the default risk ratio was 0.87 , implying a reduction in defaulting of 13 % . impact was stronger in women , ambulatory patients , re-treatment patients , women who worked in the home , and patients who were not the main provider , those with a poor knowledge of the disease or those with a short treatment delay . counselling has a significant , although limited , impact on treatment adherence ."
1871,Abstract #1871,"investigate the safety of deferring the ophthalmic review after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery until 2 weeks after the procedure . Regional Hospital , Waterford , Ireland . uneventful cataract surgery , 233 patients were randomized to have ophthalmic review 2 hours after the procedure and 2 weeks postoperatively ( Group 1 ) or to forego any ophthalmic review before the 2-week postoperative visit in the outpatient department ( Group 2 ) . the 115 patients randomized to Group 1 , 25 ( 21.7 % ) had intraocular pressure ( IOP ) spikes of 30 mm Hg or greater and 2 ( 1.7 % ) had a corneal abrasion in the immediate postoperative period . 1 and Group 2 were statistically similar in terms of problems encountered in the first 2 postoperative weeks and anterior segment findings and visual acuity at the 2-week postoperative visit . results of this randomized controlled study indicate that the first ophthalmic review after uneventful cataract surgery can be safely deferred until 2 weeks postoperatively in patients in whom a transient IOP spike would not be deemed clinically deleterious . a policy will enhance the efficiency of day-surgery units ."
1872,Abstract #1872,"determine whether the initiation of P supplementation as artificial luteal phase support ( day -1 , day 0 , or day +1 of egg donation ) in extensive programs of ovum donation influences cycle cancellation , pregnancy outcome , and implantation rate in day 3 embryo transfers . randomized trial . donation program at the Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad , Valencia , Spain . hundred recipients with normal ovarian function , absence of uterine anomalies , and undergoing their first egg donation were recruited between September 2003 and September 2004 . computer-based randomization divided the recipients into three groups when hCG was administered to their matched donors . first group ( group A ) started P supplementation the day before oocyte retrieval ; the second group ( group B ) started P supplementation on the day of the oocyte retrieval ; and the third group ( group C ) started P supplementation 1 day after the egg retrieval once fertilization was confirmed . , pregnancy , and ongoing pregnancy rates were the primary outcome measures considered . secondary outcome measure was the cancellation rate , especially due to fertilization failure . cancellation rate and cancellation rate due to fertilization failure were significantly higher in group A ( 12.4 % and 8.2 % , respectively ) than in group C ( 3.3 % and 0 % , respectively ) . outcome was similar in all the groups except for a higher biochemical pregnancy rate in group A ( 12.9 % ) than in groups B ( 6.6 % ) and C ( 2.3 % ) . of P on day +1 of embryo development decreases cancellation rates of day 3 embryo transfers in extensive programs of ovum donation without any deleterious effect on pregnancy outcome or implantation rate ."
1873,Abstract #1873,"aim of this paper was to investigate the application value of the intensive care nursing scoring system ( ICNSS ) in intensive care unit ( ICU ) nursing resources allocation . English version of ICNSS scale was translated into Chinese by nursing experts , and was consistently revised and improved based on China 's actual conditions . total of 105 cases were randomly divided into the observation group ( N. = 55 ) and the control group ( N. = 50 ) . the observation group , the nursing workload was estimated and the nurses were allocated using ICNSS ; in the control group , the sickbeds were equally distributed to the nurses and each nurse was equally in charge of managing patients . ICU duration , medical charge , incidence of complications , nursing quality control scoring and nurses ' satisfaction to their resource allocations were compared between the two groups . ICU duration , medical charge and incidence of complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P = 0.032 , P = 0.024 , P = 0.006 respectively ) ; while quality control scoring and nurses ' satisfaction to their resources allocation in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P = 0.045 , P = 0.004 respectively ) . nursing quality and the nurses ' satisfaction could be improved using ICNSS to evaluate ICU nursing workload and allocate resources ."
1874,Abstract #1874,"aim of the present study was to analyse inflammatory cells in lumbar disc tissue under cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) inhibitor therapy , to detect their prevalence in different subtypes of lumbar disc herniations and to assess the influence of inflammatory reactions in herniated disc tissue on postoperative outcome . this prospective study , intervertebral disc specimens were obtained from 50 patients . the patients were given COX-2 inhibitor therapy ( Rofecoxib ) 25 mg/day for 10 days before surgery . herniated disc specimens were routinely fixed in a 10 % buffered formaline solution and paraffin-embedded ; 5 microm thin sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies CD-68 for macrophages , CD-45 RO for T cells and CD-20 for B cells . specimens were microscopically examined and classified by two independent examiners in a blinded manner . macrophages were evident in herniated lumbar disc tissue in 40 % of the cases , but abundant inflammation was observed in only 18 % of the cases . were significantly common in sequesters with a prevalence of 80 % , and no macrophages were observed in the protrusions . obtained the best outcome scores in the patients with a sequestrated lumbar disc herniation . most of the specimens from all the patients showed no significant inflammatory reaction , maybe due to COX-2 inhibitor therapy , they all needed surgery with no relief of the symptoms despite conservative therapy . root compression still seems to be the leading pathomechanism ."
1875,Abstract #1875,"compare the effectiveness of calf-thigh sequential pneumatic compression devices with the effectiveness of plantar venous intermittent pneumatic compression devices in prevention of venous thrombosis after major trauma . evaluated 181 consecutive patients after major trauma without lower extremity injuries that precluded the use of pneumatic compression devices . randomly assigned 149 patients to either calf-thigh sequential pneumatic compression or plantar venous pneumatic compression . blinding the observers to the method of prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis , we performed bilateral compression ultrasonography on or before day 8 after randomization . 149 randomized patients , 62 who received calf-thigh sequential pneumatic compression and 62 who received plantar venous intermittent pneumatic compression devices completed the trial . patients randomized to plantar venous intermittent pneumatic compression ( 21.0 % ) and 4 patients randomized to calf-thigh sequential pneumatic compression ( 6.5 % ) had deep-vein thrombosis ( p = 0.009 ) . of 13 patients with deep-vein thrombosis after prophylaxis with plantar venous intermittent pneumatic compression had bilateral deep-vein thromboses , whereas all 4 patients with deep-vein thrombosis after prophylaxis with calf-thigh sequential pneumatic compression had unilateral deep-vein thrombosis . sequential pneumatic compression prevents deep-vein thrombosis more effectively than plantar venous intermittent pneumatic compression after major trauma without lower extremity injuries ."
1876,Abstract #1876,"large-scale studies have shed light on the primary preventive efficacy of statins against atherosclerotic diseases in the course of treatment of dyslipidemia . , this efficacy in the management of dyslipidemia in relatively low-risk patients , particularly in women , has not been clarified . , we investigated the efficacy of dyslipidemia treatment with a statin on three indices that are widely used to assess atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women : carotid intima-media thickness ( CIMT ) , arterial stiffness index of the common carotid artery ( carotid stiffness ) , and brachial artery pulse wave velocity ( baPWV ) . study enrolled 51 postmenopausal women aged 55 years or older with dyslipidemia . participants were randomly divided into two treatment groups and received a single daily administration of 2.5 mg of rosuvastatin or no statin therapy as control . baseline , the groups did not significantly differ with regard to the three indices . the third and 12th months of treatment , both carotid stiffness and baPWV values were significantly lower than those of the control group . for CIMT , the value was significantly lower in the statin group than in the control group at 12 months of treatment . changes were in conjunction with a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol . , changes in CIMT during the 12-month period were significantly correlated with changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein during the 3-month period independently of lipid profile . potent statin improves baPWV and carotid stiffness , in addition to CIMT ( surrogate markers of coronary artery disease ) , in postmenopausal women with low-risk dyslipidemia . studies to clarify the common mechanisms underlying the link between cholesterol-lowering therapy and atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women are required ."
1877,Abstract #1877,"half of outpatients with major depressive disorder also have clinically meaningful levels of anxiety . authors conducted a secondary data analysis to compare antidepressant treatment outcomes for patients with anxious and nonanxious major depression in Levels 1 and 2 of the STAR * D study . total of 2,876 adult outpatients with major depressive disorder , enrolled from 18 primary and 23 psychiatric care sites , received citalopram in Level 1 of STAR * D. Level 2 , a total of 1,292 patients who did not remit with or tolerate citalopram were randomly assigned either to switch to sustained-release bupropion ( N = 239 ) , sertraline ( N = 238 ) , or extended-release venlafaxine ( N = 250 ) or to continue taking citalopram and receive augmentation with sustained-release bupropion ( N = 279 ) or buspirone ( N = 286 ) . could last up to 14 weeks in each level . were designated as having anxious depression if their anxiety/somatization factor score from the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HAM-D ) was 7 or higher at baseline . of remission and response as well as times to remission and response were compared between patients with anxious depression and those with nonanxious depression . Level 1 of STAR * D , 53.2 % of patients had anxious depression . was significantly less likely and took longer to occur in these patients than in those with nonanxious depression . of side effect frequency , intensity , and burden , as well as the number of serious adverse events , were significantly greater in the anxious depression group . , in Level 2 , patients with anxious depression fared significantly worse in both the switching and augmentation options . depression is associated with poorer acute outcomes than nonanxious depression following antidepressant treatment ."
1878,Abstract #1878,"determine the epidemiology of helminthic infections and the efficacy of parasite treatment among rural South African primary school children in the province of KwaZulu-Natal . assess the South African government 's parasite control policy . study recruited 268 school children , aged 8 to 10 , and randomly allocated them into treatment and placebo groups ( treatment consisted of a single dose of albendazole ( 400 mg ) and praziquantel ( 40 mg/kg ) ) . measurements and the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections were taken at baseline ( prior to treatment ) and 16 weeks post treatment . weeks after treatment prevalence and intensity were again measured for an approximate 50 % sub-sample of the children to investigate efficacy of treatment . analysis of the South African government 's policies concerning parasite control is assessed in the light of these epidemiological findings . levels of both stunting and wasting were observed throughout the study ( approximately 10 % and 1 % , respectively ) , but did not vary significantly across either treatment group or time period ( P > 0.50 ) . baseline the observed prevalences for the three main helminths found in this study among the treated children were Ascaris lumbricoides 29.5 % , Trichuris trichiura 51.9 % and Schistosoma haematobium 22.3 % . prevalences declined significantly to 4.7 % ( P < 0.0005 ) , 38.0 % ( P < 0.03 ) , and 3.3 % ( P < 0.0002 ) , respectively , 16 weeks post treatment . majority of infections observed at baseline were of light intensity , namely A. lumbricoides ( 50 % ) , T. trichiura ( 80 % ) and S. haematobium ( 100 % ) , and following treatment these levels were reduced significantly ( P < 0.0001 , P < 0.05 and P < 0.005 , respectively ) . levels of both prevalence and intensity in the untreated group remained constant . cure rates over the first two weeks of the study were found to be 94.4 % for A. lumbricoides , 40 % for T. trichiura and 72.2 % for S. haematobium . benefits of targeted , school-based treatment in reducing the prevalence and intensity of infection supports the South African government 's focus of using school-based interventions as part of an integrated parasite control programme . strategies and programmes are consistent with recommendations of the World Health Organization ( WHO ) and The United Nations Children 's Fund ( UNICEF ) ."
1879,Abstract #1879,"is the commonest complication of intravenous infusion . has been suggested that it is initiated by venoconstriction at the infusion site , hence treatment with a vasodilator may reduce its incidence . prospective controlled study was carried out on the effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate ( GTN ) and topical anti-inflammatory gel ( non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ; NSAID ) on the survival of peripheral intravenous infusion in 386 patients . total of 34.9 % ( 43 out of 123 ) of the infusions failed in the control group compared with 14.1 % ( 18 out of 127 ) in the NSAID group ( P < 0.05 ) and 30.8 % ( 43 out of 136 ) in the GTN group ( P < 0.05 ) . the control group 31 positive cultures were obtained . positive cultures were obtained in the GTN group and four cases of bacterial proliferation were observed in the NSAID group . phlebitis is a common problem in hospitalized patients and its incidence can be effectively reduced by NSAI gel and GTN but NSAI gel is more effective than GTN ."
1880,Abstract #1880,", rye , and barley damage the small-intestinal mucosa of patients with celiac disease ; maize and rice are harmless . effects of a diet containing oats are uncertain . a randomized trial , we compared the effects of gluten-free diets without oats and with oats ( with a goal of 50 to 70 g per day from three sources : two types of wheat-starch flour mixed with an equal amount of oats , muesli containing 60 percent oats , and rolled-oat breakfast cereal ) . adults with celiac disease in remission were followed for 6 months and 40 with newly diagnosed disease for 12 months . with duodenal biopsy was performed at the beginning and end of the study . mean ( + / - SD ) oat intake in the oat group was 49.9 + / - 14.7 g per day at 6 months for patients in remission and 46.6 + / - 13.3 g per day at 12 months for patients with newly diagnosed disease . oat and control groups did not differ significantly in nutritional status , symptoms , or laboratory measures . in remission , regardless of diet , did not have worsening architecture of the duodenal villi or increased mononuclear-cell infiltration . the patients with new diagnoses were in remission at one year , except for one in the control group . patients in the oat groups and five in the control group withdrew from the study . amounts of oats can be included in a gluten-free diet for most adult patients with celiac disease without adverse effects ."
1881,Abstract #1881,"estimate the caries preventive effect of 4 fluoride programs over 2 years in the elderly . Public Dental Clinics of Blsta and Knivsta and the Faculty of Odontology in Gteborg , Sweden . hundred and sixty-four individuals , aged 60 years and older ( mean age 71.5 years ) who were considered to be at risk from caries . participants were randomly assigned either to : 1 ) rinse twice a day with a 0.05 % NaF solution ( n = 49 ; rinsing group ) , 2 ) suck twice a day on a 1.66 mg NaF tablet ( n = 51 ; tablet group ) , 3 ) brush their teeth three times a day using a toothpaste slurry rinsing technique ( n = 32 ; slurry group ) , or 4 ) brush their teeth in their usual manner ( n = 32 ; control group ) . participants in all 4 groups used a fluoride toothpaste ( containing 0.32 % NaF ) at least twice daily . new carious lesions were found in 67 % of the participants in the rinsing , 43 % in the tablet , 25 % in the slurry and 16 % in the control group over the 2 years . mean ( + / - SD ) 2-year caries increment was 0.8 + / - 1.4 , 1.4 + / - 1.7 , 1.9 + / - 1.9 and 2.3 + / - 2.1 DFS in the rinsing , tablet , slurry and control groups , respectively ; it was significantly lower in the rinsing than in the control group ( p < 0.01 ) . lower incidence of DFS was also found in the tablet group than in the slurry group , but only for the lingual surfaces ( p < 0.05 ) . type of fluoride program may be of importance in the reduction of new caries lesions in an older population ."
1882,Abstract #1882,"assess the efficacy of a multifactorial intervention at discharge in elderly patients with heart failure to improve the adherence to treatment , reduce readmissions and days of hospitalisation , and to evaluate its effect on quality of life . prospective , randomized clinical trial . analysis in elderly patients ( older than 70 years ) admitted for heart failure . were randomized into 2 groups : intervention and control . intervention consisted of comprehensive education about the disease , drug therapy , diet , and telephonic strengthening . of readmission , treatment compliance , and quality of life were evaluated at 6 and 12 months postdischarge . patients were included ( 53 intervention and 50 control ) , with a mean age of 79 years and ventricular function predominantly preserved . study groups were comparable with regard to baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables . 6 months , patients in intervention group had a more compliance degree ( 91.2 % vs 68.0 % ; p = 0.04 ) , were less readmitted ( 22.6 % vs 42.0 % ; p = 0.03 ) , and number or readmissions/patient ( 0.3 vs 0.8 ; p = 0.02 ) and total days of hospital stay were significantly lower ( 2.6 vs 5.9 ;p = 0.01 ) . 12 months , had a minor number or readmissions without statistical significance . significant differences were in mortality or quality of life . free from readmissions curves shows that probability of readmission was lower in the intervention group ( p = 0.02 ) with hazard ratio 0.51 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.27-0 .95 ) . educative intervention at discharge in an elderly population with heart failure improves treatment compliance , reduces readmissions and hospitalization days , without differences in quality of life ."
1883,Abstract #1883,"increase in carotid intima-media thickness ( CIMT ) represents an early phase of the atherosclerotic process . aim of our study was to evaluate whether a reduction in CIMT could be seen with 1-year treatment with rosuvastatin ( 10 mg/day ) . patients with hypercholesterolemia and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis on baseline carotid ultrasound investigation ( CUI ) were examined with repeat CUI after 1 year of treatment ( rosuvastatin 10 mg/day ) . and lifestyle data were collected . physical examination was performed , and fasting venous blood samples were obtained . cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly ( p < 0.001 ) , while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly ( p < 0.001 ) during the intervention . mean decreases in the IMT of the right and left common carotid arteries ( CCAs ) were 0.29 and 0.26 mm , respectively ( p < 0.05 for each ) . and lipid profile parameters were significant predictors of change in CIMT in linear regression analyses after adjustment for established atherosclerosis risk factors . treatment with rosuvastatin in hypercholesterolemic adults with evidenceof subclinical atherosclerosis significantly reduced the CIMT of both CCAs and improved the lipid and lipoprotein levels ."
1884,Abstract #1884,"is the first randomized phase II/III trial comparing two carboplatin-based chemotherapy regimens in patients with urothelial cancer who are ineligible ( `` unfit '' ) for cisplatin chemotherapy . primary objective of the phase III part of this study was to compare the overall survival ( OS ) of chemotherapy-naive patients with measurable disease and an impaired renal function ( glomerular filtration rate < 60 but > 30 mL/min ) and/or performance score of 2 who were randomly assigned to receive either gemcitabine/carboplatin ( GC ) or methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine ( M-CAVI ) . detect an increase of 50 % in median survival with GC compared with M-CAVI ( 13.5 v 9 months ) based on a two-sided log-rank test at error rates = .05 and = .20 , 225 patients were required . end points were overall response rate ( ORR ) , progression-free survival ( PFS ) , toxicity , and quality of life . all , 238 patients were randomly assigned by 29 institutions over a period of 7 years . median follow-up was 4.5 years . ORRs were 41.2 % ( 36.1 % confirmed response ) for patients receiving GC versus 30.3 % ( 21.0 % confirmed response ) for patients receiving M-CAVI ( P = .08 ) . OS was 9.3 months in the GC arm and 8.1 months in the M-CAVI arm ( P = .64 ) . was no difference in PFS ( P = .78 ) between the two arms . acute toxicity ( death , grade 4 thrombocytopenia with bleeding , grade 3 or 4 renal toxicity , neutropenic fever , or mucositis ) was observed in 9.3 % of patients receiving GC and 21.2 % of patients receiving M-CAVI . were no significant differences in efficacy between the two treatment groups . incidence of severe acute toxicities was higher for those receiving M-CAVI ."
1885,Abstract #1885,"examine the short - and long-term efficacy and tolerability of rizatriptan 5 mg in adolescents with migraine . studies were conducted in patients aged 12 to 17 years . first study was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , single-attack study followed by a randomized , 1-year , open-label extension . second study was a randomized , 1-year , open-label study . the single-attack study , patients treated a moderate or severe migraine headache and up to two recurrences with rizatriptan 5-mg tablets ( n = 234 ) or placebo ( n = 242 ) . were instructed to use the study medication only on nonschool days . severity , associated symptoms , and functional disability were assessed by the patient at 0.5 , 1 , 1.5 , 2 , 3 , and 4 hours after the initial dose . the 1-year studies , patients treated up to 6 migraine attacks per month with rizatriptan 5-mg tablets ( n = 273 ) , rizatriptan 5-mg wafers ( n = 281 ) , or standard care therapy ( n = 132 ) . severity was assessed by the patient at 2 hours after the initial dose . all studies , the primary efficacy measure was pain relief at 2 hours post dose . the single-attack study , the proportion of patients with pain relief at 2 hours was not significantly different between rizatriptan 5 mg ( 68.2 % ) and placebo ( 68.8 % ) . patients than expected ( about 30 % ) treated their migraine attacks on the weekend . these patients , the proportion with pain relief at 2 hours was significantly higher in the rizatriptan group than in the placebo group ( 74 % vs. 58 % , P = 0.022 ) . the multiple-attack studies , pain relief at 2 hours was achieved in significantly more attacks treated with rizatriptan 5-mg tablet ( 77 % ) or with rizatriptan 5-mg wafer ( 77 % ) than with standard care ( 64 % ) . 5 mg was well tolerated in both the studies , with an adverse event profile not significantly different from that of placebo or standard care . 5 mg was not more effective than placebo in the treatment of a single migraine attack in adolescents , but appeared to be more effective than standard care for treating multiple attacks occurring over 1 year in these patients . 5 mg was well tolerated in adolescents during short-term and long-term use ."
1886,Abstract #1886,"article reports the results of a study evaluating a preferred music listening intervention for reducing anxiety in older adults with dementia in nursing homes . can have a significant negative impact on older adults ' functional status , quality of life and health care resources . , anxiety is often under-diagnosed and inappropriately treated in those with dementia . is known about the use of a preferred music listening intervention for managing anxiety in those with dementia . quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was used . study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a preferred music listening intervention on anxiety in older adults with dementia in nursing home . participants in the experimental group received a 30-minute music listening intervention based on personal preferences delivered by trained nursing staff in mid-afternoon , twice a week for six weeks . , 23 participants in the control group only received usual standard care with no music . was measured by Rating Anxiety in Dementia at baseline and week six . of covariance ( ancova ) was used to determine the effectiveness of a preferred music listening intervention on anxiety at six weeks while controlling for pretest anxiety , age and marital status . results indicated that older adults who received the preferred music listening had a significantly lower anxiety score at six weeks compared with those who received the usual standard care with no music ( F = 12.15 , p = 0.001 ) . music listening had a positive impact by reducing the level of anxiety in older adults with dementia . staff can learn how to implement preferred music intervention to provide appropriate care tailored to the individual needs of older adults with dementia . music listening is an inexpensive and viable intervention to promote mental health of those with dementia ."
1887,Abstract #1887,"determine whether shoe characteristics affect balance in older women . order , cross-over , controlled comparison . retirement village . women aged 60 to 89 years ( mean 78.7 SD = 8.5 ) . subjects were hostel residents , and five were living independently in the community . sway , maximal balance range , and co-ordinated stability . subjects underwent assessments of static balance ( body sway ) and dynamic balance ( maximal balance range and co-ordinated stability ) under four conditions : ( 1 ) barefoot , ( 2 ) in standard low-heeled shoes ( walking shoes ) , ( 3 ) in standard high-heeled shoes , and ( 4 ) in their own shoes . analysis revealed a significant overall shoe condition effect -- subjects performed best in bare feet or low-heeled shoes and worst in high-heeled shoes . were no significant differences between subjects with and without foot abnormalities in any of the balance measures or test conditions . findings suggest that bare feet and walking shoes maximize balance , whereas high-heeled shoes constitute a needless balance hazard for older women ."
1888,Abstract #1888,"groin pain is a common and debilitating condition in highly active athletes . are often ascribed to the so-called Sportsman 's Hernia , and these patients frequently undergo prolonged and often painful remedial physiotherapy , or , if the condition is refractory , surgery to repair the posterior inguinal wall . hypothesised that radiofrequency denervation ( RFD ) of both the ilioinguinal nerve and inguinal ligament could be used to desensitise the groin region and enable the athlete to become pain-free . prospective randomised controlled trial of three groups of patients with chronic groin pain . patients with chronic groin pain of greater than 6 months duration , with no identifiable structural cause and which was refractory to conservative treatment , were randomised into two groups . 1 was treated with RFD ( n = 18 ) , while group 2 was treated with local anaesthetic ( Bupivicaine ) and steroid ( Trimacinolone ) injection ( n = 18 ) . further 10 patients with previous failed surgery for the same condition were treated with RFD without randomisation . patients then underwent a standardised physiotherapy regimen . Visual Analogue Scale at rest ( VASr ) and with activity ( VASa ) was used to assess pain , and London Adductor and Abdominal Groin Score was used to assess function , at baseline and at 1 week , 3 months and 6 months post-treatment . treatment resulted in a significant improvement above baseline in all measures and at each time intervals up to 6 months , in both the randomised Group 1 and in the postsurgery group ( p values ranging from < 0.001 to 0.001 ) . of local anaesthetic and steroid resulted in a significant improvement above baseline in all measures , but only at 1 week ( p values ranging from 0.001 to 0.021 ) , and not at any of the later intervals . in all measures was significantly greater in Group 1 than in Group 2 at all follow-up intervals ( p values ranging from < 0.001 to 0.003 ) . persistent adverse events were recorded . use of RFD in the treatment of refractory Sportsman 's Hernia is safe and efficacious at least in the short term , and is superior to anaesthetic/steroid injection . results suggest that symptoms are related to tendon inflammation and ilioinguinal nerve compression , and can be abolished with pharmacological or radiofrequency treatment , without the need for surgery . novel technique could help athletes suffering from chronic groin pain return to play more quickly , both facilitating and allowing deferral of remedial physiotherapy treatments , and potentially avoiding the need for surgery ."
1889,Abstract #1889,"levels of B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) are markedly increased in patients with heart failure and acute myocardial infarction . changes in plasma BNP levels in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have not been examined well . study was designed to examine the effects of early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on plasma BNP levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction . measured the plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide over the time course for 2 weeks in 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction in whom either imidapril ( n = 15 ) or placebo ( n = 15 ) was given at random immediately after admission . BNP levels increased and reached a peak of 192 + / - 28 pg/ML 16 hours after administration ; thereafter , the levels decreased and then again increased , forming the second peak of 217 + / - 38 pg/ML on the fifth day ( biphasic pattern ) . the other hand , plasma BNP levels increased and reached a peak level of 190 + / - 22 pg/ML 16 hours after admission and then decreased from 2 days after admission until the second week in the imidapril group ( monophasic pattern ) . ventricular ejection fraction measured in the second week was significantly higher in the imidapril group than in the control group ( 62.2 + / - 1.1 % vs 51.2 + / - 3.6 % , P < .01 ) . is concluded that plasma BNP levels followed a monophasic pattern after imidapril treatment , whereas a biphasic pattern was followed after placebo , and that plasma BNP levels constitute a marker of ventricular dysfunction in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ."
1890,Abstract #1890,"prospectively study the efficacy and safety of intraparotid gland injection of Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A ( Dysport ) for the treatment of sialorrhea ( drooling ) in children with cerebral palsy ( CP ) . children , ages 21 months to 7 years , were recruited and randomized to receive either treatment with 100U Botulinum toxin or placebo . scales for the frequency and severity of drooling were performed at the time of injection , at 1 month , and at baseline prior to the second injection . second set of injections of either 140U of drug or placebo was given 4 months later , and the same rating scales were used . patients declined the second injection . to high dropouts in the placebo group in second set of injections , statistical analysis was performed for the results of the initial injection only . of the median frequency ( p = 0.034 ) and severity ( p = 0.026 ) of drooling were reduced in the treatment group . total score also declined in the treatment group ( p = 0.027 ) . the second injection , five out of nine patients injected with the drug showed a decline in the total score ; including three patients who did not respond to the first injection . two patients experienced transient increase in drooling after the treatment with the drug . toxin is an effective and safe treatment option for drooling in children with CP ."
1891,Abstract #1891,"compare the short - , medium - , and long-term changes in corneal optical power and corneal aberrations , central corneal thickness , and corneal `` stiffness '' assessed by pneumotonometry readings in patients having laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) or photorefractive keratectomy ( PRK ) for myopia . of Ophthalmology , Arhus University Hospital , Arhus , Denmark . eye of each of 45 patients with myopia ranging from -6.00 to -8.00 diopters ( D ) ( spherical equivalent spectacle refraction [ SER ] ) was randomized to LASIK ( n = 25 ; mean SER -7.12 D + / - 0.57 [ SD ] ) or PRK ( n = 20 ; mean SER -6.91 + / - 0.57 D ) . were collected prospectively before and 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , and 36 months after surgery . included corneal topography ( TMS-1 , Tomey ) , corneal thickness ( ultrasound pachymetry ) , and apparent intraocular pressure ( IOP ) ( pneumotonometry ) . were not performed during the first year , and retreated eyes were excluded from the 3-year follow-up . in corneal power and aberrations , thickness , and apparent IOP were calculated in a pair-wise manner for 3 time periods : short term ( preoperative to 1 month after surgery ) , medium term ( 1 to 12 months after surgery ) , and long term ( 1 to 3 years after surgery ) . the short term , corneal power decreased equally in LASIK and PRK eyes . aberrations and coma-like aberrations increased equally , while corneal thickness decreased significantly less in LASIK eyes than in PRK eyes . apparent IOP decreased more in LASIK eyes than in PRK eyes . the medium term , corneal power increased significantly in both groups . aberrations decreased significantly in PRK eyes but not in LASIK eyes . 1 to 12 months , corneal thickness increased more in PRK eyes than in LASIK eyes . this period , the apparent IOP increased significantly in LASIK eyes . the long term , corneal power and corneal aberrations did not change significantly in either group . thickness increased slightly but significantly in both groups . apparent IOP increased significantly more in PRK eyes . between LASIK and PRK related to time-dependent events affecting corneal shape and structural integrity were present . changes in flap hydration in LASIK eyes and epithelial and/or stromal thickening in PRK eyes appeared to be the most important factors in optical power changes in the first year after treatment . changes in apparent IOP suggest that some interlamellar healing occurred during the first year after LASIK . LASIK and PRK , corneal bending stiffness seemed permanently decreased , although some restiffening may occur in PRK eyes in the long term ."
1892,Abstract #1892,"examined the impact of thrombolytic therapy and the prognosis of patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction in a randomized placebo-controlled trial known as the Late Assessment of Thrombolytic Efficacy ( LATE ) study . with non-Q wave as compared with Q wave myocardial infarction in the era before thrombolytic therapy were traditionally thought to have a higher rate of reinfarction and death between hospital discharge and 1 year such that the overall prognosis for outcome at 1 year was similar in the two groups . study patients began treatment with either recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator ( rt-PA ) or matching placebo , 6 to 24 h after the onset of chest pain . hoc analysis of mortality and reinfarction was carried out by comparing rt-PA and placebo in various subsets of patients based on the presenting electrocardiogram ( ECG ) and the evolution of the ECG with respect to the development of Q waves . 5,711 participants , 4,759 had a confirmed myocardial infarction , including 1,309 classified as having a non-Q wave infarction at hospital discharge . of treatment assignment , all patients with non-Q wave versus Q wave infarction had a lower 1-year mortality rate ( 13.3 % vs. 17.1 % , p = 0.001 ) and a similar 1-year reinfarction rate ( 8.6 % vs. 7.9 % , p = 0.7 ) . the 4,759 patients with confirmed myocardial infarction , 2,973 presented with ST segment elevation or bundle branch block , 528 with ST depression and 1,258 with neither ST elevation nor depression . overall benefit from rt-PA versus placebo with respect to mortality rate at 1 year was seen among patients presenting with ST elevation ( 21.2 % vs. 22.4 % , p = 0.5 [ 90 % power to detect 20 % relative difference ] ) . with ST elevation who were treated with rt-PA versus placebo < 3 h after hospital admission had a lower mortality rate at 1 year ( 15.8 % vs. 19.6 % , p = 0.028 ) than did those treated after 3 h ( 17.6 % vs. 13.0 % , p = 0.055 ) . presenting initially with ST depression > 2 mm had significant benefit from treatment with rt-PA with respect to 1 year mortality rate ( 20.1 % vs. 31.9 % , p = 0.006 ) . with non-Q wave myocardial infarction constitute a heterogeneous group of patients . the observations presented here are limited by post hoc analysis , it is apparent that patients classified as having a non-Q wave infarction after thrombolytic therapy have a better prognosis than do those given placebo . admission of thrombolytic therapy ( after 6 h ) may also be beneficial in patients presenting with ST depression > 2 mm and confirmed myocardial infarction . hypotheses require prospective testing in a larger number of patients ."
1893,Abstract #1893,"determine whether ranitidine bismuth citrate , clarithromycin , or a combination of ranitidine bismuth citrate and clarithromycin would be efficacious in eradication of Helicobacter mustelae infection in ferrets . seven-month-old ferrets . determine dosages of clarithromycin and ranitidine bismuth citrate that would suppress growth of , but not eradicate infection with , H mustelae , ferrets ( n = 6/group ) were treated p.o. with clarithromycin or ranitidine bismuth citrate at various dosages . of treatment was then determined by treating ferrets with clarithromycin alone , ranitidine bismuth citrate alone , or clarithromycin and ranitidine bismuth citrate . biopsy specimens were obtained before , during , and at various times after treatment and submitted for quantitative bacterial culture and histologic evaluation . concentrations of clarithromycin that inhibited 90 % of the growth of isolates obtained before and after treatment were determined . of clarithromycin and ranitidine bismuth citrate that suppressed growth of H mustelae were 12.5 and 24 mg/kg of body weight , p.o. , every 8 hours , respectively . was not eradicated in ferrets treated with ranitidine bismuth citrate alone but was eradicated in all 6 ferrets treated with clarithromycin and ranitidine bismuth citrate and in 4 of 6 treated with clarithromycin alone . decrease in susceptibility to clarithromycin was detected for H mustelae isolates obtained after treatment . or moderate antral gastritis was observed even in ferrets from which infection was eradicated . combination of ranitidine bismuth citrate and clarithromycin was efficacious in eradicating H mustelae infection from ferrets ."
1894,Abstract #1894,"objective of the present study was to assess the validity of ultrasound diagnosis of shoulder disorders in relation to examiner experience . total of 239 patients referred to us for shoulder arthroscopy from October 2001 to June 2004 were prospectively studied by ultrasound . following ultrasound diagnoses were evaluated : total and partial rotator cuff tears , calcific tendinitis , biceps tendon injuries and subacromial bursitis . A established the ultrasound diagnoses and examiner B performed the surgery during week A , whereas examiner B did the examinations and examiner A operated in week B. surgeon was blinded to the ultrasound results . A conducts ultrasound training seminars for DEGUM , the German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine , and has performed over 10,000 ultrasound examinations , with an average of roughly 150 examinations per year . B completed his ultrasound training some years ago and has performed roughly 1500 examinations ( 50 per year ) . results were analysed in a time-independent and blinded manner by the co-author ( H ) , who neither operated nor examined the patients . correctly identified 103 of 104 complete rotator cuff tears ( sensitivity : 0.99 -- specificity : 0.99 -- accuracy : 98.7 % ) . examiners achieved comparable results . , 41 of 52 partial rotator cuff tears were detected preoperatively ( sensitivity : 0.79 -- specificity : 0.91 -- accuracy : 88.7 % ) . A achieved a sensitivity of 0.92 , a specificity of 0.95 , and an accuracy of 94.7 % . corresponding rates for examiner B were : sensitivity 0.68 , specificity 0.86 , and accuracy 81.3 % . of 23 injuries of the long biceps tendon were identified correctly ( 4 of 8 dislocations and 12 of 15 tears : sensitivity 0.53 ; specificity 0.9 ; accuracy 95.3 % ) . A achieved : sensitivity 0.58 ; specificity 0.99 ; accuracy 91.7 % compared to examiner B : sensitivity 0.33 ; specificity 0.97 ; accuracy 95.3 % . examiners correctly identified all 32 cases of calcific tendinitis ( sensitivity 1.0 ; specificity 0.98 ; accuracy 98.3 % examiner A : 1.0 -- 1.0 -- 100 % examiner B : 1.0 -- 0.96 -- 96.2 % ) . of 28 cases of subacromial bursitis were correctly diagnosed ( sensitivity 0.79 ; specificity 0.98 ; accuracy 95.8 % examiner A : 0.92 -- 0.99 -- 98.5 % examiner B : 0.69 -- 0.97 -- 92.5 % ) . ultrasound examination of the shoulder permits a reliable diagnosis of complete rotator cuff tears and calcium deposits ( calcific tendinitis ) . method is less sensitive but sufficiently reliable for the diagnosis of partial rotator cuff tears and pathology of the long biceps tendon . experience plays an important role in these special cases . continuous training in the field of ultrasound diagnosis is a prerequisite for sufficient reliability of ultrasound diagnosis of shoulder disorders ."
1895,Abstract #1895,"breeding produces animal strains with varying anesthetic sensitivity . thus seems unlikely that various human ethnicities have identical anesthetic requirements . , the authors tested the hypothesis that the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane differs significantly as a function of ethnicity . authors recruited 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II adult patients belonging to three Jewish ethnic groups : European , Oriental , and Caucasian ( from the Caucasus Mountain region ) . were scheduled to undergo surgery requiring a skin incision exceeding 3 cm . premedication , anesthesia was induced with 6-8 % sevoflurane in 100 % oxygen , and tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine . skin incision was made after a predetermined end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane of 2.0 % was maintained for at least 10 min in the first patient in each group . investigators observed the patient for movement during the subsequent minute . concentration in the next patient was increased by 0.2 % when patients moved , or decreased by the same amount when they did not . are presented as means [ 95 % confidence intervals ] . and demographic characteristics were similar among the groups ; however , mean arterial pressure was slightly greater in European Jews . alveolar concentration for sevoflurane was greatest in Caucasian Jews ( 2.32 % [ 2.27-2 .41 % ] ) , less in Oriental Jews ( 2.14 % [ 2.06-2 .22 % ] ) , and still less in European Jews ( 1.9 % [ 1.82-1 .99 % ] ) ( P < 0.001 ) . results suggest that minimum alveolar concentration varies as a function of ethnicity . , the extent to which confounding characteristics contribute , including lifestyle choices and environmental factors , remains unknown ."
1896,Abstract #1896,"describe the technique of endoscopic exploration of the axilla . compare this technique to open surgical treatment by comparing the following variables : operative time , peri-operative complications , duration of hospital stay , node 's histology and morphologic aspects and esthetic results . instruments for traditional operative laparoscopy plus a lipo-aspirator ( 0.8 Bar ) . patients , 20 ( group A ) undergoing open surgery and 20 ( group B ) undergoing axilloscopy . patients with early invasive breast cancer are eligible for conservative operative treatment . study . technique is described and preliminary results are presented . operative time for axilloscopy is approximately double that for open surgery . comparable number of lymph nodes is collected by axilloscopy and open surgery . nodes collected by axilloscopy are more likely to be fractured . is the clinical consequence ? loco-regional relapses are observed in the endoscopic group . sampling by endoscopic procedure gives the same pathologic information than surgical axillary sampling . aspects of nodes and possibilities of relapses were two drawbacks of this procedure . time is increased for axilloscopy compared with open surgery . techniques yield comparable anatomo-pathologic results . is still unknown whether this endoscopic technique is as effective as traditional surgery or if the frequency or severity of lymphedema is decreased by the endoscopic approach ."
1897,Abstract #1897,"with high-dose methotrexate is the conventional approach to treat primary CNS lymphomas , but superiority of polychemotherapy compared with high-dose methotrexate alone is unproven . assessed the effect of adding high-dose cytarabine to methotrexate in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma . open , randomised , phase 2 trial was undertaken in 24 centres in six countries . patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma exclusively localised into the CNS , cranial nerves , or eyes , aged 18-75 years , and with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 3 or lower and measurable disease were centrally randomly assigned by computer to receive four courses of either methotrexate 3.5 g/m ( 2 ) on day 1 ( n = 40 ) or methotrexate 3.5 g/m ( 2 ) on day 1 plus cytarabine 2 g/m ( 2 ) twice a day on days 2-3 ( n = 39 ) . regimens were administered every 3 weeks and were followed by whole-brain irradiation . primary endpoint was complete remission rate after chemotherapy . was by intention to treat . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00210314 . randomly assigned participants were analysed . chemotherapy , seven patients given methotrexate and 18 given methotrexate plus cytarabine achieved a complete remission , with a complete remission rate of 18 % ( 95 % CI 6-30 ) and 46 % ( 31-61 ) , respectively , ( p = 0.006 ) . patients receiving methotrexate and nine receiving methotrexate plus cytarabine achieved a partial response , with an overall response rate of 40 % ( 25-55 ) and 69 % ( 55-83 ) , respectively , ( p = 0.009 ) . 3-4 haematological toxicity was more common in the methotrexate plus cytarabine group than in the methotrexate group ( 36 [ 92 % ] vs six [ 15 % ] ) . patients died of toxic effects ( three vs one ) . patients aged 75 years and younger with primary CNS lymphoma , the addition of high-dose cytarabine to high-dose methotrexate provides improved outcome with acceptable toxicity compared with high-dose methotrexate alone . Cancer League ."
1898,Abstract #1898,"group box-1 ( HMGB-1 ) protein is released during `` late sepsis '' by activated monocytes . investigated whether systemic HMGB-1 levels are associated with indices of monocytic activation/function in patients with sepsis-induced immunosuppression . patients ( 31 male , 64 + / - 14 years ) with severe sepsis/septic shock and monocytic deactivation ( reduced mHLA-DR expression and TNF-alpha release ) were assessed in a subanalysis of a placebo-controlled immunostimulatory trial using GM-CSF . levels were assessed over a 9-day treatment interval . were compared to standardized biomarkers of monocytic immunity ( mHLA-DR expression , TNF-alpha release ) . levels were enhanced in sepsis but did not differ between treatment and placebo groups at baseline ( 14.6 + / - 13.5 versus 12.5 + / - 11.5 ng/ml , P = .62 ) . compared to controls , HMGB-1 level increased transiently in treated patients at day 5 ( 27.8 + / - 21.7 versus 11.0 + / - 14.9 , P = .01 ) . group differences were not noted at any other point of assessment . levels were not associated with markers of monocytic function or clinical disease severity . treatment for sepsis-induced immunosuppression induces a moderate but only transient increase in systemic HMGB-1 levels . levels should not be used for monitoring of monocytic function in immunostimulatory trials as they do not adequately portray contemporary changes in monocytic immunity ."
1899,Abstract #1899,"compare the effects of the point-to-point needling and perpendicular needling of auricular acupuncture for rapid analgesia on the patients with lumbar disc hernia , and find which method is better for this disease . two patients were paired according to the three factors as sex , age and degree of pain , and then randomly divided into the point-to-point needling group and perpendicular needling group . methods of point-to-point needling through the skin and perpendicular needling towardS the skin were respectively applied at bilateral lumbar areas as auricular acupuncture , and added acupoints following the change of symptom . patients accorded with the demands of McGill pain questionnaire ( MPQ ) , before treatment , 5 and 30 min after treatment , the accumulated score of pain was recorded respectively for observing the difference of the effects in both groups . 5 min treatment , the effect of analgesia on the male patients in the point-to-point needling group was better than that of in the perpendicular needling group ( P < 0.05 ) , but there was no difference on the female patients in both groups ( P > 0.05 ) . 30 min treatment , the effect of analgesia in the point-to-point needling group was better than that of the perpendicular needling group ( P < 0.05 ) . the patients with light degree pain , there was no significant difference between the two groups after 5 min treatment as score of pain ( P > 0.05 ) , paired t-test showed that the effects of analgesia on the patients with lumbar disc hernia in the point-to-point needling group was better than that of perpendicular needling group ( P < 0.05 ) . point-to-point needling method can rapidly relieve patients ' lumbar disc hernia of pain , which is better than the perpendicular needling method ."
1900,Abstract #1900,"are scant data regarding the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation ( PCI ) on neurocognitive function ( NCF ) and quality of life ( QOL ) . Therapy Oncology Group trial 0214 showed no overall survival ( OS ) benefit for PCI in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) at 1 year . , there was a significant decrease in brain metastases ( BM ) . analysis focuses on the impact of PCI on NCF and QOL . with stage III NSCLC who completed definitive therapy without progression were randomly assigned to PCI or observation . was assessed with Mini-Mental Status Examination ( MMSE ) , Activities of Daily Living Scale ( ADLS ) , and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test ( HVLT ) . was assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer ( EORTC ) core tool ( QOL Questionnaire-QLQC30 ) and brain module ( QLQBN20 ) . were no statistically significant differences at 1 year between the two arms in any component of the EORTC-QLQC30 or QLQBN20 ( P > .05 ) , although a trend for greater decline in patient-reported cognitive functioning with PCI was noted . were no significant differences in MMSE ( P = .60 ) or ADLS ( P = .88 ) . , for HVLT , there was greater decline in immediate recall ( P = .03 ) and delayed recall ( P = .008 ) in the PCI arm at 1 year . in stage III NSCLC significantly decreases the risk of BM without improving 1-year OS . were no significant differences in global cognitive function ( MMSE ) or QOL after PCI , but there was a significant decline in memory ( HVLT ) at 1 year . study provides prospective data regarding the relative risks and benefits of PCI in this setting and the need to use sensitive cognitive assessments ."
1901,Abstract #1901,"adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T1DM ) have increased glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) , which may mediate progressive renal disease and microalbuminuria . may be secondary to low concentrations of insulin-like growth factor ( IGF ) - I and GH hypersecretion . tested the hypothesis that restoration of circulating IGF-I concentrations in young adults with T1DM might suppress GH secretion , GFR and urinary albumin excretion . a randomized double blind crossover study six young adults with T1DM ( three men , 19-24 years ) received 7 days treatment with rhIGF-I/insulin-like growth factor binding protein ( IGFBP ) -3 complex ( SomatoKine ) 0.4 mg/kg/day and placebo . underwent overnight insulin infusion for euglycaemia , followed by determination of GFR and albumin excretion rate . IGF-I/IGFBP -3 complex , overnight insulin requirements ( 0.15 vs placebo 0.21 mU/kg/min , P < 0.04 ) , plasma insulin ( 77 vs placebo 152 pmol/l , P < 0.01 ) and mean overnight GH ( 2.6 vs placebo 4.8 mU/l , P < 0.04 ) fell . ( 492 vs placebo 218 ng/ml , P < 0.01 ) and IGFBP-3 ( 4.5 vs placebo 3.9 microg/ml , P < 0.05 ) increased . did not change ( 145.5 ( 23.9 ) ml/min/1 .73 m ( 2 ) post-IGF-I/IGFBP -3 complex vs 152.2 ( 19.8 ) post placebo ) . excretion rate did not change 9.5 ( 5.5-16 .6 ) mg/24 h pre - vs 11.5 ( 9.9-20 .2 ) post-IGF-I/IGFBP -3 complex and 10.7 ( 8.1-21 .2 ) pre - vs 11.5 ( 8.7-29 .9 ) post placebo . creatinine levels were lower following IGF-I/IGFBP -3 complex ( mean + / - SD , 56.2 + / - 16.8 micromol/l ) vs placebo ( 61.5 , 45.0 , P < 0.02 ) . days treatment with IGF-I/IGFBP -3 complex enhanced overnight insulin sensitivity and reduced GH levels , but there was no effect on glomerular hyperfiltration or albumin excretion rates ."
1902,Abstract #1902,"determine the effect of the androgen supplementation of hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) on the vascular reactivity of cerebral arteries . randomized study . volunteers in an academic research environment . postmenopausal women who were treated with sequential HRT ( transdermal E2 50 microg/d + medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg/d for 12 days every other month ) for > or = 1 year and < or = 5 years . undecanoate ( 40 mg/d , p.o. ) was randomly administered to 20 patients during ongoing HRT ; the other 20 served as controls . evaluations of the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries were performed together with lipid levels assessments . visual analogue scale ( VAS ) was used to evaluate various parameters relating to sexual life and well-being . index ( PI ) of the arteries , VAS assessment of psychophysical well-being . administration of testosterone undecanoate during HRT induced an increase in the PI of the middle cerebral artery and a reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol . desire and satisfaction were greatly improved . postmenopausal women , androgen supplementation during HRT can partially counteract the beneficial effects of estrogens on cerebral vascular reactivity and lipid profiles , but sexual desire and satisfaction are greatly improved ."
1903,Abstract #1903,"changes are advocated as a first line of treatment for dyslipidemia . , few studies have directly compared various combinations of diets and exercise . a randomized controlled pilot study , we compared the standard lifestyle recommendations ( NCEP step I diet with regular exercise ) and more intense interventions including the NCEP step I diet with a supervised aerobic exercise program and the step II diet with and without a supervised aerobic exercise program . measured risk factors , dietary intake , time on treadmill , and health-related quality of life at baseline and after 3 months . of 198 eligible subjects , 47 ( 24 % ) were willing to participate and 41 completed the study . significant change were observed with standard lifestyle recommendations . contrast , participants in the more intense interventions lost weight ( -1.7 to -3.7 kg ) and reduced their total cholesterol ( -4 % to -6 % ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( -6 % ) , and systolic blood pressure ( -7.3 to -8.8 mmHg ) . in the exercise program significantly increased their exercise capacity ( 1.6 to 1.9 METS ) . , each 10 % reduction in body weight was associated with a 7.6 % reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol . lifestyle recommendations had little effect on blood lipid levels but more intense lifestyle interventions may be effective at improving blood lipids , other risk factors , and quality of life ."
1904,Abstract #1904,"test the hypotheses that , during wheelie training , adding the proactive balance strategy ( PBS ) to the conventional reactive balance strategy ( RBS ) increases the success rate , decreases training time , and lessens postural sway during the wheelie . controlled trial . laboratory in a rehabilitation center . participants ( 12 wheelchair users , 10 able-bodied ) randomly assigned to the RBS group or to the PBS+RBS group ; the groups were balanced according to gender , age , and diagnostic category . were trained to perform stationary wheelies in 2 highly structured settings . rate in achieving wheelie competence , training time , and postural sway on a force platform . rate was 100 % for both groups . RBS group required a mean + / - standard deviation of 43 + / -31 minutes of training time and the PBS+RBS group required 45 + / -28 minutes ( P = .54 ) . was no significant difference between training groups with respect to postural sway measures ( P = .50 ) . correlated with both training time ( r = .70 , P = .001 ) and postural sway ( r = .52 , P = .03 ) . , we identified 3 take-off patterns and confirmed the use of the 2 balance patterns . addition of the PBS to RBS training did not improve wheelie success rate , training time , or postural sway . older wheelchair users require more training time , many such users can learn this useful skill if given the opportunity ."
1905,Abstract #1905,"evaluate the immunogenicity , reactogenicity , and tolerability of a prototype human papillomavirus ( HPV ) 16 viruslike particle ( VLP ) vaccine directed against the L1 capsid protein . enrolled healthy nonpregnant women aged 18 to 26 years into a 2-year , double-blind , dose-ranging multicenter trial ( October 12 , 1998 , to September 30 , 2001 ) . were assigned to study groups to receive a 3-dose regimen ( day 0 , month 2 , and month 6 ) of 1 of 4 vaccine doses : 10 microg , 20 microg , 40 microg , or 80 microg or placebo . anti-HPV 16 L1 antibody ( sL1Ab ) geometric mean titers ( GMTs ) were measured at day 0 , at month 3 , at month 7 , and every 6 months for a total of 2 years using a radioimmunoassay . primary immunogenicity analyses evaluated GMTs at month 7 in L1Ab-seronegative subjects at baseline . tolerability was also assessed . total of 480 subjects were randomized to receive placebo ( n = 52 ) or 10 microg ( n = 112 ) , 20 microg ( n = 105 ) , 40 microg ( n = 104 ) , or 80 microg ( n = 107 ) of HPV 16 L1 VLP vaccine . baseline , 75 % of subjects were L1Ab seronegative . vaccine doses produced a statistically significant sL1Ab response vs placebo ( P < .001 ) . the completion of the vaccination regimen , sL1Ab GMTs in baseline-seronegative subjects were 36 - to 78-fold higher than the sL1Ab GMT at day 0 observed in subjects who had mounted an immune response to HPV 16 infection before enrollment . L1Ab GMTs remained high throughout the 1.5-year postvaccination period . sL1Ab GMTs were 1.1 - to 2.4-fold higher in women who had detectable sL1Ab levels at enrollment compared with those in baseline-seronegative subjects , particularly in the persistence phase . vaccine was generally well tolerated with no statistically significant differences in injection site or systemic adverse experiences among treatment groups . with this novel HPV 16 L1 VLP vaccine was well tolerated and produced an immunogenic response that persisted for at least 1.5 years after the final dose ."
1906,Abstract #1906,"measure the effects of increasing mean arterial pressure on oxygen variables and renal function in septic shock . , open-label , randomized , controlled study . intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital . patients with a diagnosis of septic shock who required fluid resuscitation and pressor agents to increase and maintain mean arterial pressure > or = 60 mm Hg . were treated with fluid and norepinephrine to achieve and maintain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg . they were randomized in two groups : In the first group ( control group , n = 14 ) , mean arterial pressure was maintained at 65 mm Hg , and in the second group ( n = 14 ) , mean arterial pressure was increased to 85 mm Hg by increasing the dose of norepinephrine . variables ( mean arterial pressure , heart rate , mean pulmonary artery pressure , pulmonary artery occlusion pressure , cardiac index , systemic vascular resistance index , pulmonary vascular resistance index , left and right ventricular stroke indexes ) , metabolic variables ( oxygen delivery , oxygen consumption-calorimetric method , arterial lactate ) , and renal function variables ( urine flow , serum creatinine , creatinine clearance ) were measured . introduction of norepinephrine , similar values of hemodynamic , metabolic , and renal function variables were obtained in both groups . changes were observed in group 1 during the study period . mean arterial pressure from 65 to 85 mm Hg with norepinephrine in group 2 resulted in a significant increase in cardiac index from 4.8 ( 3.8-6 .0 ) to 5.8 ( 4.3-6 .9 ) L.min.m . lactate and oxygen consumption did not change . changes were observed in renal function variables : urine flow , 63 ( 14-127 ) and 70 ( 15-121 ) mL ; serum creatinine , 170 ( 117-333 ) and 153 ( 112-310 ) mumol.L ; and creatinine clearance , 50 ( 12-77 ) and 67 ( 13-89 ) mL.min .1.73 m. mean arterial pressure from 65 to 85 mm Hg with norepinephrine neither affects metabolic variables nor improves renal function ."
1907,Abstract #1907,"evaluate the role of serum osteoprotegerin ( OPG ) as a biochemical marker for disease activity assessment and drug monitoring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) treated with cyclical etidronate . patients ( 35 women and 5 men ) with RA of < 5 years duration were randomized to receive intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy in conjunction with anti-rheumatic therapy or anti-rheumatic therapy alone ( without etidronate ) in a 2-year , open-label protocol . of hands and feet and serum samples for the determination of OPG , amino terminal propeptide ( PINP ) , cross-linked C-telopeptide ( ICTP ) and amino terminal telopeptid of type I collagen were obtained at baseline and at 24 months . treatment had no effect on circulating OPG levels , although the significant decline in PINP and ICTP ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.04 respectively ) reflected the efficacy of the anti-resorptive therapy . baseline and at study termination , serum OPG correlated significantly with age ( r = 0.45 ; P = 0.003 and r = 0.56 ; P = 0.0002 respectively ) . was not related to biochemical markers of bone metabolism , indices of disease activity or radiographic disease progression . baseline , the mean serum OPG was higher in patients receiving 5-10 mg/day prednisone ( 82.8 + / -4.0 pg/ml , n = 16 ) compared with those receiving < 5 mg/day or with no prednisone ( 69.7 + / -4.7 pg/ml , n = 23 ) ( P = 0.05 ) . results suggested that serum OPG measurement , perhaps because of the complexity of the regulation of the OPG , may be difficult to utilize in the evaluation of anti-resorptive therapy . , low dose corticosteroid-associated osteoporosis is probably not mediated by inhibition of OPG ."
1908,Abstract #1908,"evaluate the effects of weights on postural hand tremor related to self-feeding in subjects with Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) . a repeated-measures design , postural hand tremor was recorded three times in each of three weight conditions in a single session for each subject . order of all recording conditions was randomized . was applied and measurement was conducted in a university-based motor performance laboratory . men and two women diagnosed with PD and having hand tremor participated ( mean age 67.1 years , mean duration of PD 4.6 years ) . were community-dwelling . control condition consisted of holding a built-up spoon ( 108 g ) . were two experimental conditions : holding a weighted spoon ( 248 g ) ; and holding the built-up spoon while wearing a weighted wrist cuff ( 470 g ) . measures of tremor amplitude and two measures of tremor frequency were calculated from recordings of displacement of the spoon obtained from laser displacement sensors . analyses of variance revealed no significant differences across conditions in any measure of tremor amplitude or in either measure of tremor frequency . and Mann-Whitney U-test analyses revealed that none of age , disease duration or medication intake had any significant relationship with tremor amplitude in the control condition or with whether amplitude was altered by weights . findings suggest that there is no support for the clinical recommendation of using weighted utensils or weighted wrist cuffs to alleviate postural hand tremor in PD ."
1909,Abstract #1909,"aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of sodium ibuprofen and ibuprofen acid incorporating poloxamer with standard ibuprofen acid tablets . healthy volunteers were enrolled into this randomised , single-dose , 3-way crossover , open-label , single-centre , pharmacokinetic study . 14 hours ' fasting , participants received a single dose of 2x200 mg ibuprofen acid tablets ( standard ibuprofen ) , 2x256 mg ibuprofen sodium dihydrate tablets ( sodium ibuprofen ; each equivalent to 200 mg ibuprofen acid ) and 2x200 mg ibuprofen acid incorporating 60 mg poloxamer 407 ( ibuprofen/poloxamer ) . washout period of 2-7 days separated consecutive dosing days . each of the 3 treatment days , blood samples were collected post dose for pharmacokinetic analyses and any adverse events recorded . concentration of ibuprofen was assessed using a liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry procedure in negative ion mode . standard statistical ANOVA model , appropriate for bioequivalence studies , was used and ratios of 90 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) were calculated . for sodium ibuprofen was less than half that of standard ibuprofen ( median 35 min vs 90 min , respectively ; P = 0.0002 ) and Cmax was significantly higher ( 41.47 microg/mL vs 31.88 microg/mL ; ratio test/reference = 130.06 % , 90 % CI 118.86-142 .32 % ) . was bioequivalent to the standard ibuprofen formulation , despite its Tmax being on average 20 minutes shorter than standard ibuprofen ( median 75 mins vs 90 mins , respectively ; P = 0.1913 ) , as the ratio of test/reference = 110.48 % ( CI 100.96-120 .89 % ) , which fell within the 80-125 % limit of the CPMP and FDA guidelines for bioequivalence . overall extent of absorption was similar for the three formulations , which were all well tolerated . terms of Tmax , ibuprofen formulated as a sodium salt was absorbed twice as quickly as from standard ibuprofen acid . addition of poloxamer to ibuprofen acid did not significantly affect absorption ."
1910,Abstract #1910,"laboratory technicians , the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain is widespread possibly due to typical daily work tasks such as pipetting , preparing vial samples for analysis , and data processing on a computer including mouse work - all tasks that require precision in motor control and may result in extended periods of time spent in static positions.In populations characterized by intense chronic musculoskeletal pain and diagnosed conditions in conjunction with psycho-physiological symptoms such as stress-related pain and soreness and other disabling conditions , multifactorial approaches applying a combination of individually tailored physical and cognitive strategies targeting the areas most needed , may be an effective solution to the physical and mental health challenges.The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the effect of an individually tailored biopsychosocial intervention strategy on musculoskeletal pain , stress and work disability in lab technicians with a history of musculoskeletal pain at a single worksite in Denmark . this single-blind two-armed parallel-group randomized controlled trial with allocation concealment , participants receive either an individualized multifactorial intervention or `` usual care '' for 10 weeks at the worksite . ) female laboratory technician ( 18-67 years of age ) and 2 ) Pain intensity3 ( 0-10 Visual Analogue Scale ) lasting 3 months with a frequency of3 days per week in one or more of the following regions : i ) upper back i ) low back iii ) neck , iv ) shoulder , v ) elbow and/or vi ) hand . ) life-threatening disease and 2 ) pregnancy . , as measured by Cohens perceived stress questionnaire is not an inclusion criteria , thus participants can participate regardless of their stress level.We will implement an individualized intervention addressing biopsychosocial elements of musculoskeletal pain with the following components ; i ) increasing physical capacity through strength - and motor control training ; ii ) lowering or preventing development of stress through mindfulness practice and learning de-catastrophizing pain management strategies through cognitive training.The primary outcome at 10-week follow-up is the between-group difference in intensity of perceived musculoskeletal pain during the last week ( average value of back , neck , shoulder , elbow and hand ) assessed by questionnaire ( modified visual analogue scale 0-10 ) . study will provide experimental evidence to guide workplace initiatives designed towards reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain and stress . NCT02047669 ."
1911,Abstract #1911,"determine if hydrogel lens water content decreases over wearing periods of up to four weeks ; that is , demonstrate an ` ageing ' effect . subjects ( 4 males , 2 females ; age range : 34.8 + / - 11.0 years ) wore each of the following lenses for one month : Acuvue , Frequency 38 , Gentle Touch and Proclear . and post-removal lens water content was measured daily by the subjects using an Atago CL-1 Soft Contact Lens Refractometer for a 28 day period . and pre-removal comfort was recorded over the same period . significant lens ageing effect was noted whereby the pre-insertion lens water content decreased significantly over the 28 day cycle for all lenses ( P < 0.05 ) . pattern for daily dehydration remained consistent for the 28 day period for the Acuvue lens and the Gentle Touch lens but decreased for the Frequency 38 lens and the Proclear lens . decreased significantly by the end of the day for three of the four lens types investigated . is apparent that the extent of lens dehydration changes over time , and that this pattern of change is different for different lens types . associated loss of oxygen performance with dehydration is demonstrated . data will assist practitioners in understanding the clinical effects of soft lens dehydration over time ."
1912,Abstract #1912,"loss of three-dimensional visual depth cues has been thought to be the main hindrance to the acquisition of endoscopic skills . , the `` fulcrum effect '' of the abdominal wall on the manipulation of instruments has not to our knowledge been previously investigated . with no experience in endoscopy were required to make multiple defined incisions under laparoscopic laboratory conditions , within ten two-minute periods in the first study and 50 in the second . subjects operated under normal imaging conditions and 11 with the y-axis inverted . who operated with the image inverted made significantly more incisions and significantly more correct incisions than those working under normal conditions . effect persisted over 50 trials . fulcrum effect has a major detrimental influence on acquisition of endoscopic skills . work is required to investigate the role of image inversion in clinical endoscopic training ."
1913,Abstract #1913,"angiogenesis is one of the most promising avenues for new therapies for ovarian cancer . investigated the efficacy and safety of a novel agent , BIBF 1120 , a triple angiokinase inhibitor , after chemotherapy for relapsed disease . conducted a randomized , double-blind , controlled phase II trial in 83 patients who had just completed chemotherapy for relapsed ovarian cancer , with evidence of response , but at high risk of further early recurrence . patients were randomly assigned to receive maintenance therapy using BIBF 1120 250 mg or placebo , twice per day , continuously for 36 weeks . points were progression-free survival ( PFS ) , toxicity , and overall survival . PFS rates were 16.3 % and 5.0 % in the BIBF 1120 and placebo groups , respectively ( hazard ratio , 0.65 ; 95 % CI , 0.42 to 1.02 ; P = .06 ) . patients continued on BIBF 1120 , including two patients for another year or more . proportion of patients with any grade 3 or 4 adverse events was similar between the groups ( 34.9 % for BIBF 1120 v 27.5 % for placebo ; P = .49 ; mostly grade 3 ) . , more patients on BIBF 1120 experienced diarrhea , nausea , or vomiting ( mainly grade 1 or 2 and no grade 4 ) . was a higher rate of grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity in patients on BIBF 1120 ( 51.2 % ) compared with patients on placebo ( 7.5 % ; P < .001 ) , but this was rarely of clinical significance , and patients continued with the trial treatment . single-level dose reduction to 150 mg was made in 15 patients , all on active drug . 1120 is well tolerated and associated with a potential improvement in PFS . observed treatment effect is sufficient to justify further study within a large phase III trial ."
1914,Abstract #1914,"MRC brain tumour prognostic index , which uses clinical variables to place patients in different outcome categories , has not been evaluated on a cohort outside a randomised controlled trial . aims of this study were to ( a ) determine in a large cohort of patients , derived solely from one centre and not in a clinical trial , whether the MRC prognostic index stratified patients for outcome ; ( b ) compare actual outcomes with those obtained in the original studies ; and ( c ) examine whether neuropathological diagnosis was an independent prognostic variable . MRC prognostic index was calculated for 236 patients with either glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma managed at a dedicated neuro-oncology clinic in Edinburgh between 1989 and 1995 . this mixed population of malignant glioma the median survival was 8.6 months . year survival was 72.2 % for patients with an MRC index score of 1-10 ; 36.3 % for those with an index score of 11-15 ; 25.1 % for those scoring 16-20 ; 20.4 % with those scoring 21-25 ; 4.8 % with those scoring 26-33 ; and 0 % for those scoring 34-38 . of 79 patients who would not have been eligible for the MRC studies from which the index was derived , because they were either too old or did not receive radiotherapy , still resulted in a similar pattern of stratification but with significantly improved median survival times for the lowest two categories . analysis of prognostic variables in the Edinburgh cohort showed that patients with anaplastic astrocytoma did significantly better than those with glioblastoma ( p < 0.001 ) . there were some differences in median survival times between the patients in the original MRC studies and the Edinburgh cohort in similar prognostic categories and a tendency to improved two year survivorship in the Edinburgh cohort these differences have arisen because ( a ) the Edinburgh cohort was accrued about 10 years later than the study has shown that even outside the setting of a prospective controlled trial and with relaxed inclusion criteria the Medical Research Council ( MRC ) prognostic index is a robust predictor of outcome in patients with malignant glioma . clearly declines as the prognostic index increases . , the prognostic model can be substantially improved by the addition of histology data , although there is some evidence that this will require complex modelling procedures ."
1915,Abstract #1915,"determine whether the administration of peribulbar or oral clonidine would enhance analgesia and anesthesia in ophthalmologic surgery . double-blind study . hospital . ASA physical status I and II adult patients scheduled for unilateral ophthalmologic surgery with peribulbar block . were assigned to one of 4 groups , and premedicated with oral 2 mL volume ( clonidine or placebo ) . peribulbar eye block consisted of local anesthetics plus 1 mL of the test drug . control group ( CG ) received oral saline as premedication and peribulbar saline as the test drugs . clonidine eye group ( Clo-eye G ) received oral saline and peribulbar 30 microg clonidine . clonidine oral group ( Clo-oral G ) received oral 150 microg clonidine and peribulbar saline . clonidine eye + oral group ( Clo eye + oral G ) had oral 75 microg clonidine and peribulbar 15 microg clonidine . assessment included anesthesia , analgesia , blood cortisol ; and adverse effects . groups were demographically similar . latency time to the onset of the peribulbar block was shorter in the Clo-eye G compared to the CG ( p < 0.05 ) . CG presented higher blood pressure levels throughout surgery , compared to the others ( p < 0.05 ) . time to first rescue analgesics was longer in all patients who received peribulbar clonidine compared to the CG ( p < 0.05 ) . consumption was lesser in the Clo-eye G compared to the CG ( p < 0.05 ) . blood cortisol level was higher during the intraoperative period in all groups ( preoperative vs. intraoperative values ) ( p < 0.01 ) . the higher intraoperative blood cortisol levels , 30 microg peribulbar clonidine decreased the onset time to anesthesia , while 15 and 30 microg peribulbar clonidine prolonged the time to first rescue analgesics in patients under peribulbar block , without increasing the frequency of adverse effects . , oral administration of clonidine alone did not enhance anesthesia or analgesia following eye block , suggesting a local mechanism of action of clonidine ."
1916,Abstract #1916,"with cerebral palsy receive a variety of long-term physical and occupational therapy interventions to facilitate development and to enhance functional independence in movement , self-care , play , school activities and leisure . human and financial resources are directed at the `` intervention '' of the problems of cerebral palsy , although the available evidence supporting current interventions is inconclusive . considerable degree of uncertainty remains about the appropriate therapeutic approaches to manage the habilitation of children with cerebral palsy . primary objective of this project is to conduct a multi-site randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of a task/context-focused approach compared to a child-focused remediation approach in improving performance of functional tasks and mobility , increasing participation in everyday activities , and improving quality of life in children 12 months to 5 years of age who have cerebral palsy . multi-centred randomized controlled trial research design will be used . will be recruited from a representative sample of children attending publicly-funded regional children 's rehabilitation centers serving children with disabilities in Ontario and Alberta in Canada . sample size is 220 children with cerebral palsy aged 12 months to 5 years at recruitment date . are randomly assigned to deliver either a context-focused approach or a child-focused approach . follow their therapist into their treatment arm . will be evaluated at baseline , after 6 months of treatment and at a 3-month follow-up period . represent the components of the International Classification of Functioning , Disability and Health , including body function and structure ( range of motion ) , activities ( performance of functional tasks , motor function ) , participation ( involvement in formal and informal activities ) , and environment ( parent perceptions of care , parental empowerment ) . paper presents the background information , design and protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing a task/context-focused approach to a child-focused remediation approach in improving functional outcomes for young children with cerebral palsy . clinical trial registration # : NCT00469872 ] ."
1917,Abstract #1917,"is among the few hormonal insufficiency states not treated with replacement of the missing hormone . is the first randomized controlled study in children comparing treatment with synthetic human PTH 1-34 and calcitriol . primary objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of long-term PTH 1-34 vs. calcitriol treatment in the maintenance of normal serum calcium values and renal calcium excretion in children with hypoparathyroidism . study was conducted at a clinical research center . included 12 children aged 5-14 yr with chronic hypoparathyroidism and without severe renal or hepatic insufficiency . study was a 3-yr randomized parallel trial comparing twice-daily calcitriol ( plus calcium and cholecalciferol in four daily doses ) vs. s.c. PTH 1-34 treatment , with weekly or biweekly monitoring of serum and urine calcium . predose serum calcium levels were maintained at , or just below , the normal range , and urine calcium levels remained in the normal range throughout the 3-yr study , with no significant differences between treatment groups . clearance , corrected for body surface area , did not differ between groups and remained normal throughout the study . of bone turnover were mildly elevated during PTH 1-34 therapy and remained within the normal range during calcitriol therapy . bone mineral density Z-scores at the anterior-posterior lumbar spine , femoral neck , distal radius , and whole body remained within the normal range and did not differ between groups throughout the study . , height and weight percentiles did not differ between treatment groups and remained normal throughout the 3-yr follow-up . conclude that PTH 1-34 therapy is safe and effective in maintaining stable calcium homeostasis in children with hypoparathyroidism . , PTH 1-34 treatment allowed normal skeletal development because there were no differences in bone mineral accrual , linear growth , or weight gain between the two treatment arms over the 3-yr study period ."
1918,Abstract #1918,"conducted a trial to compare treatment with zidovudine or didanosine in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) infection who had received little or no previous therapy with zidovudine . hundred seventeen patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , advanced AIDS-related complex ( CD4 cell count , < or = 0.30 x 10 ( 9 ) / L [ 300/microL ] ) , or asymptomatic HIV ( CD4 cell count , < or = 0.20 x 10 ( 9 ) / L ) received zidovudine , 500 mg/d of didanosine , or 750 mg/d of didanosine in a randomized , double-blind allocation , with cross-over to alternative medication after development of an end point or serious toxic effect . be eligible , patients must have received either no or up to 16 weeks of zidovudine therapy before entry into the study . end points were development of a new AIDS-defining event or death . clinical end points were new or recurrent AIDS-defining events , or death , and survival . the study as a whole , there were no differences in the relative risks ( RRs ) of the development of end points between treatment groups . , there was a strong interaction between the relative efficacies of zidovudine and didanosine and previous experience with zidovudine . 380 patients with no previous zidovudine therapy , zidovudine was more effective than 750 mg/d of didanosine ( RR , 1.43 ; 90 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.02 to 2.00 ) , with a similar trend for zidovudine compared with 500 mg/d of didanosine ( RR , 1.21 ; 90 % CI , 0.86 to 1.71 ) . , among 118 patients with more than 8 weeks but no more than 16 weeks of previous zidovudine therapy , 500 mg/d of didanosine was more effective than zidovudine ( RR , 0.48 ; 90 % CI , 0.27 to 0.86 ) ; there was a similar trend for increased effectiveness of 750 mg/d of didanosine compared with zidovudine ( RR , 0.61 ; 90 % CI , 0.36 to 1.03 ) . 119 patients who had some but no more than 8 weeks of previous zidovudine therapy , there were no significant differences among the treatment arms . findings were noted in the analysis of the two secondary clinical end points . significant differences were found in efficacy between the groups receiving 500 and 750 mg/d of didanosine . major toxic effect associated with zidovudine was hematopoietic ( granulocytopenia ) and that associated with didanosine was pancreatitis ( dosage , 750 mg/d ) . patients with advanced HIV disease , zidovudine appears to be more effective than didanosine as initial therapy ; however , some patients with advanced HIV disease may benefit from a change to didanosine therapy after as little as 8 to 16 weeks of therapy with zidovudine ."
1919,Abstract #1919,"bypass ( CPB ) , utilized in on-pump coronary artery bypass graft procedures ( CABG ) induces generalized immune suppression , release of heat shock proteins ( HSP ) , inflammatory markers and apoptosis-specific proteins . hypothesized that continued mechanical ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass attenuates immune response and HSP liberation . patients undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) operation were randomized into a ventilated on CPB ( VG ; N. = 15 ) and a non-ventilated CPB group ( NVG ; N. = 15 ) . samples were drawn at the beginning and end of surgery , as well as on the five consecutive postoperative days ( POD ) . markers were measured by ELISA . are given as mean ( SD ) . was used for statistical analysis . concentrations of HSP70 were significantly lower in VG compared to NVG on POD-1 ( VG : 1629608 vs. NVG : 52032128.6 pg/mL , P < 0.001 ) . and HSP60 depicted a minor increase in both study groups at the end of surgery without any intergroup differences ( HSP27 : VG 6207.91252.5 vs. NVG 7424.12632.5 ; HSP60 : VG 1046.2478.8 vs. NVG 1223.5510.1 ) . and CK-18 M30 evidenced the highest serum concentrations at the end of surgery ( IL-8 : VG 119.577.9 vs. NVG 148.0184.55 ; CK-18 M30 : VG 62.139.2 vs. NVG 67.533.9 ) with no differences between groups . ICAM-1 serum concentrations were detected postoperatively , however ICAM-1 concentrations on POD-1 to POD-5 showed slightly elevated concentrations in both study groups with no intergroup differences . less HSP70 was detectable in patients receiving uninterrupted mechanical lung ventilation on CPB , indicating either different inflammatory response , cellular stress or cell damage between the ventilated and non-ventilated group . data suggest that continued mechanical ventilation has a modulatory effect on the immune response in patients after CABG surgery ."
1920,Abstract #1920,"immunochemical tests ( FITs ) are recommended to screen average-risk adults for colorectal cancer ( CRC ) . research has examined whether a two-sample FIT affects participant uptake , compared with a one-sample FIT . participant uptake is important , as evidence suggests that a two-sample FIT may increase the sensitivity to detect CRC . study had two objectives : ( i ) to evaluate FIT completion in a population that received either a one-sample FIT kit ( 1-FIT ) or a two-sample FIT kit ( 2-FIT ) and ( ii ) to understand whether uptake varies by age , sex , or receipt of prior CRC screening . conducted a randomized controlled trial in which 3081 participants who were aged between 50 and 75 years and were at an average risk for CRC , and who had requested FITs , randomly received 1-FIT ( n = 1540 ) or 2-FIT ( n = 1541 ) kits . completion was defined as the completion and return of a one-sample test by the patients in the 1-FIT group or of both sample tests by those in the 2-FIT group . proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the independent effect of group type ( 2-FIT vs. 1-FIT ) on the completion of the FIT , adjusting for age , sex , and receipt of prior CRC screening . 2-FIT group had lower test completion rates ( hazard ratio = 0.87 ; 95 % confidence interval = 0.78-0 .97 ; P = 0.01 ) after adjusting for age , sex , and receipt of prior CRC screening . uptake did not vary by age , sex , or receipt of prior CRC screening . unique , rigorous randomized controlled trial found that the 2-FIT regimen decreases completion of FIT . research is needed to understand whether decreases in participant uptake are offset by increased gains in test sensitivity ."
1921,Abstract #1921,"evaluated the relationship between the degree of heparin anticoagulation and clinical efficacy and bleeding in patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) with stent implantation . universal acceptance of heparin anticoagulation as a standard of care in PCI , considerable controversy still exists regarding the appropriate dosing of heparin . study population ( n = 2,064 ) comprised all patients enrolled in the Enhanced Suppression of the Platelet IIb/IIIa Receptor with Integrilin Therapy ( ESPRIT ) trial . index activated clotting time ( ACT ) was defined as the ACT measured after the last heparin dose and before first device activation and was correlated with outcome and bleeding events . association was observed between decreasing ACT levels and the rate of ischemic events in the treatment or placebo arms . incidence of the primary composite end point ( death , myocardial infarction , urgent target vessel revascularization , and thrombotic bailout glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy at 48 h ) was actually lowest in the lowest ACT tertile for both the placebo ( 10.0 % ) and treatment groups ( 6.1 % ) . analyzed by tertile , major bleeding rates did not increase in the lowest ACT tertile in patients given placebo ( 0.6 % ) versus those receiving eptifibatide ( 0.7 % ) . bleeding rates increased as the ACT increased in the eptifibatide-treated patients . end points in patients undergoing contemporary PCI with stent placement do not increase by decreasing ACT levels , at least to a level of 200 s. Bleeding events do increase with increasing ACT levels and are enhanced with eptifibatide treatment . ACT of 200 to 250 s is reasonable in terms of efficacy and safety with the use of contemporary technology and pharmacotherapy ."
1922,Abstract #1922,"is a limited understanding of the role of resident bone in periodontal regeneration . objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the resident alveolar bone on bone regeneration in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) in the presence or the absence of cell occlusivity . , 6-mm , supra-alveolar periodontal defects were created in six young adult Beagle dogs . , occlusive or porous expanded polytetrafluaroethylene devices were implanted to provide for GTR . were alternated between left and right jaw quadrants in subsequent animals . gingival flaps were advanced for primary intention healing . animals were euthanized at week 8 postsurgery . histometric analysis assessed regeneration of alveolar bone relative to space-provision by the GTR device and width of the alveolar crest at the base of the defect . were no significant differences in mean alveolar regeneration between sites receiving the porous GTR device with a narrow versus a wide alveolar ridge after adjusting for wound area ( 2.22 versus 2.50 mm , respectively ; p = 0.36 ) . contrast , analysis using sites receiving the occlusive GTR device revealed significantly greater bone regeneration at sites with a wide compared with a narrow alveolar ridge ( 3.34 versus 2.53 mm , respectively ; p = 0.02 ) . analysis showed a significant relationship ( p < or = 0.05 ) between space-provision and bone regeneration for all groups except for sites with a wide alveolar ridge receiving the occlusive GTR device ( p = 0.5 ) . resident alveolar bone may significantly influence the magnitude of alveolar bone regeneration . relative presence of cells from the gingival connective tissue may attenuate this effect ."
1923,Abstract #1923,"examine whether cervical favourability ( measured by cervical length and the Bishop score ) should inform obstetricians ' decision regarding labour induction for women with gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia at term . post hoc analysis of the Hypertension and Pre-eclampsia Intervention Trial At Term ( HYPITAT ) . departments of six university and 32 teaching and district hospitals in the Netherlands . total of 756 women diagnosed with gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia between 36 + 0 and 41 + 0 weeks of gestation randomly allocated to induction of labour or expectant management . were analysed using logistic regression modelling . occurrence of a high-risk maternal situation defined as either maternal complications or progression to severe disease . outcomes were caesarean delivery and adverse neonatal outcomes . superiority of labour induction in preventing high-risk situations in women with gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia at term varied significantly according to cervical favourability . women who were managed expectantly , the longer the cervix the higher the risk of developing maternal high-risk situations , whereas in women in whom labour was induced , cervical length was not associated with a higher probability of maternal high-risk situations ( test of interaction P = 0.03 ) . , the beneficial effect of labour induction on reducing the caesarean section rate was stronger in women with an unfavourable cervix . widely held opinion , our exploratory analysis showed that women with gestational hypertension or mild pre-eclampsia at term who have an unfavourable cervix benefited more from labour induction than other women . trial has been registered in the clinical trial register as ISRCTN08132825 ."
1924,Abstract #1924,"compare the number and volume of red blood cell transfusions ( RBCTs ) in very low birth weight infants under restrictive red blood cell transfusion guidelines with and without erythropoietin administration . a controlled clinical trial conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit of Alzahra Hospital , Isfahan , Iran , between April 2002 to April 2004 , 60 premature infants with gestational age up to 34 weeks , birth weight up to 1500 g , and postnatal age between 8 and 14 days were included . newborns were randomized into 2 groups : Group 1 received 3 doses of 400 IU/kg erythropoietin per week for 6 weeks , and Group 2 received no treatment aside from their conventional medications . 2 groups did not differ significantly with respect to their mean gestational age , birth weight and hematocrit at the study entry . transfusions were administered to those receiving erythropoietin ( 26.7 % versus 50 % , p = 0.03 ) , but there was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to volume of transfusion . with the placebo group , the infants receiving erythropoietin had a higher mean hematocrit ( 34 % + / - 4.3 versus 29 % + / - 5.9 , p < 0.001 ) and absolute reticulocyte count ( 57 + / - 19 versus 10 + / - 4.8 x 106 , p < 0.001 ) at the end of the study . found no significant difference in the incidence of thrombocytopenia and leukopenia between the 2 groups . conclude that when the restrictive RBCT guidelines were followed , treatment with erythropoietin can be useful in reduction of the number of RBCTs ."
1925,Abstract #1925,"fatty acids , especially eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) , may possess anticachectic properties . trial compared a protein and energy dense supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids and antioxidants ( experimental : E ) with an isocaloric isonitrogenous control supplement ( C ) for their effects on weight , lean body mass ( LBM ) , dietary intake , and quality of life in cachectic patients with advanced pancreatic cancer . total of 200 patients ( 95 E ; 105 C ) were randomised to consume two cans/day of the E or C supplement ( 480 ml , 620 kcal , 32 g protein + / - 2.2 g EPA ) for eight weeks in a multicentre , randomised , double blind trial . enrolment , patients ' mean rate of weight loss was 3.3 kg/month . of the supplements ( E or C ) was below the recommended dose ( 2 cans/day ) and averaged 1.4 cans/day . eight weeks , patients in both groups stopped losing weight ( delta weight E : -0.25 kg/month versus C : -0.37 kg/month ; p = 0.74 ) and LBM ( Delta LBM E : +0.27 kg/month versus C : +0.12 kg/month ; p = 0.88 ) to an equal degree ( change from baseline E and C , p < 0.001 ) . view of evident non-compliance in both E and C groups , correlation analyses were undertaken to examine for potential dose-response relationships . patients demonstrated significant correlations between their supplement intake and weight gain ( r = 0.50 , p < 0.001 ) and increase in LBM ( r = 0.33 , p = 0.036 ) . correlations were not statistically significant in C patients . relationship of supplement intake with change in LBM was significantly different between E and C patients ( p = 0.043 ) . plasma EPA levels in the E group were associated with weight and LBM gain ( r = 0.50 , p < 0.001 ; r = 0.51 , p = 0.001 ) . gain was associated with improved quality of life ( p < 0.01 ) only in the E group . to treat group comparisons indicated that at the mean dose taken , enrichment with n-3 fatty acids did not provide a therapeutic advantage and that both supplements were equally effective in arresting weight loss . hoc dose-response analysis suggests that if taken in sufficient quantity , only the n-3 fatty acid enriched energy and protein dense supplement results in net gain of weight , lean tissue , and improved quality of life . trials are required to examine the potential role of n-3 enriched supplements in the treatment of cancer cachexia ."
1926,Abstract #1926,"preventive antimalarial treatment in infants ( IPTi ) is currently evaluated as a malaria control strategy . the factors influencing the extent of protection that is provided by IPTi are the transmission intensity , seasonality , drug resistance patterns , and the schedule of IPTi administrations . aim of this study was to determine how far the protective efficacy of IPTi depends on spatio-temporal variations of the prevailing incidence of malaria . thousand seventy infants were enrolled in a registered controlled trial on the efficacy of IPTi with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine ( SP ) in the Ashanti Region , Ghana , West Africa ( ClinicalTrial.gov : NCT00206739 ) . for the village of residence and the month of birth of study participants demonstrated that the malaria incidence was dependent on spatial ( range of incidence rates in different villages 0.6-2 .0 episodes/year ) and temporal ( range of incidence rates in children of different birth months 0.8-1 .2 episodes/year ) factors . range of spatio-temporal variation allowed ecological analyses of the correlation between malaria incidence rates , anti-Plasmodium falciparum lysate IgG antibody levels and protective efficacies provided by IPTi . efficacy of the first SP administration was positively correlated with malaria incidences in children living in a distinct village or born in a distinct month ( R2 0.48 , p < 0.04 and R2 0.63 , p < 0.003 , respectively ) . trends were seen after the second and third study drug administration . , IgG levels against parasite lysate increased with malaria incidence . correlation was stronger in children who received IPTi , indicating an effect modification of the intervention . spatial and temporal variations of malaria incidences in a geographically and meteorologically homogeneous study area exemplify the need for close monitoring of local incidence rates in all types of intervention studies . increase of the protective efficacy of IPTi with malaria incidences may be relevant for IPTi implementation strategies and , possibly , for other malaria control measures ."
1927,Abstract #1927,"double-blind randomised controlled trial investigated the most appropriate dose of intrathecal diamorphine to use with high-dose diclofenac as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen for caesarean section under subarachnoid block . also wished to establish whether it was possible to satisfy the Royal College of Anaesthetists postoperative pain audit recommendation for this patient group . hundred and twenty patients presenting for elective caesarean section under subarachnoid block were recruited and divided into four groups . was standard except that patients were given either placebo or one of three different doses of intrathecal diamorphine ( 100 microg , 200 microg or 300 microg ) . patients were given regular paracetamol , high-dose diclofenac and an hourly subcutaneous diamorphine regimen for breakthrough pain . was a dose-dependent improvement in analgesia with intrathecal diamorphine . 37.9 % of patients given 300 microg of intrathecal diamorphine had a visual analogue pain score of 3/10 or less throughout the study . was a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of itching with intrathecal diamorphine although the incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar between groups . found that for elective caesarean section under subarachnoid block with high dose diclofenac , analgesia was optimal with 300 microg of intrathecal diamorphine . the highest dose of intrathecal diamorphine did not achieve the Royal College of Anaesthetists postoperative audit target that 90 % of patients should have a pain score of no more than 3/10 . believe that this target is too arduous ."
1928,Abstract #1928,"study was designed to compare the fetal response to the vibroacoustic stimulation test when applied alternately over the fetal vertex or breech . hundred five patients with a nonreactive nonstress test after 10 minutes were prospectively randomized to receive the vibroacoustic stimulation test over the fetal vertex ( n = 115 ) or the fetal breech ( n = 90 ) . heart rate reactivity was evaluated . patient subsets were evaluated for fetal movement ( n = 37 ) and the fetal startle response ( n = 20 ) after the vibroacoustic stimulation test . identical fetal heart rate responses and increases in fetal movement were observed after vibroacoustic stimulation over the fetal vertex or breech . fetal startle response was uniformly observed in both groups . stimulation over the fetal breech elicits an identical short-term fetal response compared with stimulation over the fetal vertex , potentially reducing the intensity of sound exposure at the fetal ear ."
1929,Abstract #1929,"evaluate the safety , tolerability , and efficacy of glatiramer acetate ( GA ) 40 mg compared to a 20mg dose . with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) with 1 documented relapse in 12 months prior to screening , or 2 documented relapses in 24 months prior to screening , and Expanded Disability Status Scale ( EDSS ) score 0 to 5.5 were enrolled . were evaluated at screening , baseline , and at months 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 . endpoint was rate of confirmed relapses observed during 12-month study . was by intent-to-treat . total of 1,155 patients randomized to GA 20 mg ( n = 586 ) or 40 mg ( n = 569 ) . groups were well-matched at baseline on demographic , clinical , and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) characteristics . primary endpoint was similar in both groups ( relative risk [ RR ] = 1.07 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.88-1 .31 ; p = 0.486 ) with mean annualized relapse rates ( ARRs ) of 0.33 for the 20 mg group , 0.35 for the 40 mg group , and 0.27 for patients from both groups who completed the entire 1-year treatment . total of 77 % of patients remained relapse-free in both groups . groups showed a reduction in mean number of gadolinium-enhancing and new T2 lesions over time with trend for faster reduction in the first trimester with the 40 mg dose compared with 20 mg dose . doses were well-tolerated with a safety profile similar to that observed in previous studies of 20 mg GA. . relapsing-remitting MS patients , both the currently-approved GA 20 mg and 40 mg doses were safe and well-tolerated , with no gain in efficacy for the higher dose ."
1930,Abstract #1930,"aim of the present study was to evaluate the regenerative potential of autogenous periodontal ligament ( PDL ) grafts in the treatment of Class II furcation defects . mandibular Class II furcation defects from 10 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were selected . experimental defects , flaps were coronally positioned following placing autogenous PDL grafts that were obtained from third molars ; in controls , coronally advanced flap procedure without graft was applied . measurements including plaque index , gingival index , probing depth ( PD ) , vertical and horizontal clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , and gingival recession ( GR ) were obtained at baseline and after 3 and 6 months postoperatively . and horizontal defect fill was evaluated with open clinical measurements at initial surgery and reentry after 6 months . biopsies from the experimental and control defects were obtained at reentry and evaluated histopathologically in order to examine the soft tissue response towards PDL grafts . treated with PDL grafts demonstrated significant improvement in vertical and horizontal defect fill , PD , and CAL at 3 and 6 months compared to presurgical values . difference determined for the PD values of both groups at a statistically significant degree in favor of grafted sites was maintained at all observation periods . foreign body reaction was observed in PDL grafts . short-term results point to the potential of PDL grafts in promoting healing of furcation lesions . preliminary study suggests that the use of PDL grafts may have beneficial effects in the treatment of furcation defects ."
1931,Abstract #1931,"purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a valved peripherally inserted central catheter ( PICC ) design would result in a lower incidence of occlusion , infection , and malfunction than a clamped catheter . hundred sixty-two study patients ( 233 men , 129 women ; mean age , 44 years ) were randomized to receive a clamped ( n = 182 ) or valved ( n = 180 ) 5-French single-lumen PICC . were placed under fluoroscopic ( n = 331 ) or sonographic guidance ( n = 31 ) . valved PICC was flushed with saline solution , and the clamped PICC was flushed with a heparin-saline solution . patients were prospectively followed up at least weekly for catheter status and complications . placement with the catheter tip in the central veins was successful in 99 % of patients . dwell time was 34 days . occlusive or infectious complications occurred in the clamped catheter group and 12 in the valved catheter group ( p = .02 ) . clamped and valved catheter groups had 13 and five occlusions , respectively ( p = .06 ) , and 12 and five catheter-related blood stream infections , respectively ( p = .09 ) . occlusions ( 68 % ) were treated successfully with urokinase , and site infection or sepsis was treated by catheter removal . found a statistically significant difference in the complication rate for the valved PICC compared with the clamped PICC . the valved PICC , occlusion and infection were reduced , and patients having these catheters did not require heparin flushes ."
1932,Abstract #1932,"the pharmacokinetic ( PK ) profiles of immediate - and extended-release formulations of topiramate ( TPM ) in healthy subjects following multiple dosing , and evaluate maintenance of topiramate exposures after switching formulations . randomized , open-label , single-center , two-way crossover , multiple-dose study comparing the steady-state PK profile of once-daily extended-release topiramate ( USL255 ) to immediate-release topiramate ( TPM-IR ) administered twice-daily . TPM PK profile was evaluated using standard PK parameters ( e.g. , AUC0-24 , Cmax , Cmin ) as well as less common PK criteria such as fluctuation index ( FI ) , peak occupancy time ( POT ) , and percent coefficient of variation ( % CV ) . addition , partial AUC ( AUCp ) analyses provided comparisons of the AUC profiles over predetermined time intervals between TPM-IR and USL255 . equivalence between formulations was defined as containment of the 90 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) of the USL255/TPM-IR geometric least-squares mean ( GLSM ) ratio within the equivalence limits of 80-125 % . effect of switching between treatments was assessed by evaluating equivalence of PK parameters between the day prior to formulation switch and the day immediately following formulation switch . of steady state after switching formulations was also evaluated by comparing the slope between Cmin values at formulation switch and 24 h postswitch . was evaluated through adverse event monitoring , vital sign measurements , and clinical laboratory evaluations . was well tolerated and provided TPM plasma exposure equivalent to TPM-IR at various time intervals . also demonstrated a significantly lower Cmax ( p < 0.001 ) and higher Cmin ( p < 0.001 ) , longer tmax , lower % CV , and 26 % decreased FI , as compared with TPM-IR . , switching between TPM-IR and USL255 did not affect TPM concentrations , including Cmin , immediately after transitioning and at steady state . compared with TPM-IR , USL255 provided equivalent plasma exposure with an extended absorption profile . , USL255 offers a once-daily alternative to twice-daily TPM-IR , with reduced TPM fluctuations ."
1933,Abstract #1933,"considered a safe surgical procedure , axillary lymph node dissection ( ALND ) is associated with postoperative numbness , paresthesias , pain , and muscle weakness . meticulous surgical technique and the absence of long thoracic or thoracodorsal nerve injury , the risk of these complications are reported as great as 35 % to 50 % , with a subset of patients developing chronic pain syndromes . patients ( n = 27 ) undergoing Level I-II ALND for breast cancer were recruited . ALND , patients were randomized to three groups . 1 received standard axillary lymph node dissection . assigned to group 2 or 3 ( double-blinded ) received 120 h continuous 0.9 % saline solution or 0.5 % bupivacaine using a catheter placed into the axilla and delivered by an elastomeric pump device . routine postoperative care , patients were discharged with oral opioid analgesics . assessment of pain , sedation , and nausea were conducted using validated visual-analog scale measures . and total opioid analgesic requirements after surgery were recorded . treated with a continuous infusion of bupivacaine experienced significantly lower pain scores ( P < 0.001 ) during the first 5 postoperative days . opioid analgesic requirements also were significantly decreased in the bupivacaine group , and these effects persisted until postoperative day 14 ( P < 0.001 ) . to the observed decreases in pain and oral opioid requirements , nausea and morning sedation also were significantly reduced . were no pump-related complications , wound infections , or postoperative axillary fluid collections . use of continuous administration of bupivicaine after ALND significantly decreases pain and opioid analgesic requirements , with concomitant decreases in nausea and sedation . study provides encouraging evidence of the therapeutic benefits of continuous infusion of local anesthesia and may represent a valuable adjunct for surgical patients who require ALND , including those with breast cancer and melanoma ."
1934,Abstract #1934,"tips of the bevels of thin spinal needles may be easily damaged by bony contact during puncture attempts . this respect and also because they are less traumatic by design , noncutting , pencil-point-tip needles may be beneficial . prospective clinical comparison of postanesthetic effects of the use of 27G Quincke-type and pencil-point spinal needles was therefore performed . study included 400 spinal anesthesia patients , in 200 of whom the initial needle was a 27-gauge Quincke type , a 27-gauge pencil-point needle being used in the other 200 . , 464 needles had to be used ; in 30 cases the pencil-point needle was replaced by a 27 - or 25-gauge Quincke-type needle . block performance form was filled in , and the patients were interviewed personally on the first postoperative day and by means of a mailed questionnaire on the 14th day . tips of the Quincke-type needles were distorted in a blunt , bent or hooked manner in 13 % of the initial and 14 % of the final needles . severity of the damage was related to the count category of bony contacts during puncture ( 0 , 1-4 , or 5 or more ) . occurrence of postdural puncture headache was not , however , related either to damage of the needles or to the number of puncture attempts . ( not posture-dependent ) headache occurred more often after the use of the Quincke-type needle than after use of the pencil-point needles , the tips of which remained intact in each case . sequelae , including postdural puncture headache ( overall incidence 2.5 % ) , were not related to the shape of the spinal needles or to the damage of the Quincke-type needles ."
1935,Abstract #1935,"therapy represents a potentially valuable therapeutic option to increase exercise tolerance and enhance lung function in mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . determine effects of tiotropium on pulmonary hyperinflation and exercise tolerance in patients with symptomatic Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ( GOLD ) 1 and 2 COPD who experienced inspiratory capacity decrease greater than or equal to 100 ml during incremental and constant work rate treadmill exercise . 22-week , randomized , double-blind , two-period crossover study evaluated the efficacy of once-daily tiotropium bromide ( 18 g ) versus placebo in patients with GOLD 1 and 2 COPD . endpoint was between-group ( tiotropium vs. placebo ) difference in inspiratory capacity at isotime ( i.e. , at the time the shortest test ended ) during constant work rate treadmill exercise from baseline to the end of a 6-week treatment period . secondary endpoints included differences in exercise duration and exertional dyspnea . was assessed by recording adverse events . population comprised 48 patients with GOLD 1 COPD and 78 patients with GOLD 2 COPD . inspiratory capacity significantly improved with tiotropium versus placebo in the overall ( P < 0.0001 ) , GOLD 1 ( P = 0.0183 ) , and GOLD 2 ( P < 0.0001 ) groups . inspiratory capacity was significantly enhanced during exercise in the overall ( P = 0.0087 ) and GOLD 2 ( P = 0.0494 ) groups after tiotropium versus placebo . versus placebo significantly enhanced exercise duration in the GOLD 2 group ( P = 0.0070 ) but not in the GOLD 1 or overall patient groups . the overall group , increase in exercise duration seen with tiotropium was well correlated with the increase in isotime inspiratory capacity ( r = 0.463 , P < 0.0001 ) . and exercise hyperinflation were ameliorated by bronchodilator therapy with tiotropium in the overall GOLD 1 plus 2 COPD group . tolerance was enhanced in GOLD 2 , but not GOLD 1 , COPD . trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT01072396 ) ."
1936,Abstract #1936,"evaluate the impact of photorefractive keratectomy ( PRK ) and laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) , on retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) measurements , by means of scanning laser polarimetry ( SLP ) GDx VCC ( with variable corneal compensation ) . groups of 119 myopic patients each were treated by PRK and LASIK respectively ; one eye of each patient was randomly selected for the study . measurements ( around the entire calculation circle ) was performed in all eyes 1 day before and 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months after treatment by using SLP GDx VCC . compensation was performed in all eyes preoperatively , and in every examination step postoperatively , in order to neutralize the new corneal birefringence . statistical differences were found between the PRK and LASIK groups , in all preoperative and postoperative RNFL measurements . the p values for CCT and mean K-readings preoperatively were statistically significant . and LASIK do not seem to influence the RNFL measurements at 1st , 3rd , 6th and 12th postoperative months when measured with SLP GDx VCC . corneal compensation reset is necessary in every step of the examination in order to have reproducible results ."
1937,Abstract #1937,"eczema is mostly managed in primary care but there is often insufficient time for patient education ; a nurse practitioner could help with this . evaluate the effects of a single consultation with a primary care nurse on the quality of life ( QOL ) of children with atopic eczema aged 0.5-16 years and the impact of the disease on their families . with eczema were invited to join the trial . were randomized to a control group or an intervention group who attended the nurse for a single 30-min session . impact was determined using the Family Dermatitis Index ( FDI ) , and QOL was assessed using the Infant Dermatitis Quality of Life questionnaire ( IDQOL ) or , in children aged 4-16 years , the Children 's Dermatology Life Quality Index ( CDLQI ) . scores for family impact and QOL were compared with those at 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-intervention . hundred and thirty-five children were recruited over 12 months ; 115 were aged 0.5-4 years and 120 were aged 4-16 years . data were missing for 38 children ( 84 % completion rate , n = 197 ) . measures of QOL or family impact at baseline were skewed . median scores were IDQOL , 5 , and CDLQI , 6 . 20 % of children had zero scores for the FDI ( no impact on family life ) ; median FDI scores were 2 or 3 . baseline the FDI correlated with the IDQOL or CDLQI . addition , the FDI and IDQOL were related to parental assessment of disease severity . had , on average , worse QOL at baseline than those who provided complete data . the children with complete data , the mean differences in CD < Q1 and 1DQO < scores between intervention and control children were small at 4 and 12 weeks ( P > 0.05 ) . improvement in FDI at 4 weeks was slightly better in intervention than control children ( P < 0.06 ) . impact on QOL of a single intervention by a dermatology nurse was marginal for family impact at 4 weeks and was not apparent for other measures , either in the short or longer term . planned sample size was derived from data in hospital patients but in our population disease activity was milder and the effects on QOL were less . this account the present study was of low statistical power for some measures . studies in larger populations using additional outcome measures are required before advocating the wider introduction of nurse specialists ."
1938,Abstract #1938,"investigate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of an herbal tea , Smooth Move , in nursing home residents with chronic constipation . , placebo-controlled , 2-armed , parallel-group clinical trial . 483-bed nursing home in Allentown , Pennsylvania , operated by Lehigh County Government . total of 86 nursing home residents with chronic constipation . ( n = 86 ) were randomly assigned to receive Smooth Move ( n = 42 ) or a placebo ( n = 44 ) , once daily , in addition to standard treatment for chronic constipation . study period was 28 days . primary efficacy parameter was the difference in total number of bowel movements . parameters included the difference in average number of standard treatment doses dispensed , and the difference in total medication costs . to placebo , in the intention to treat ( ITT analysis ) there was a statistically significant increase in the number of bowel movements in the Smooth Move group . Smooth Move group ( n = 42 ) compared with the placebo group ( n = 44 ) experienced an average of 4.14 more bowel movements during the 28-day study period versus the 28-day pre-study period ( P = .017 ) . Move herbal tea , when added to the standard treatment regimen for nursing home residents with chronic constipation , increased the average number of bowel movements compared to the addition of a placebo tea ."
1939,Abstract #1939,"aims of the study were to assess whether different test protocols used to elicit maximal oxygen uptake values ( VO2max ) attain similar results , whether different VO2max protocols were preferable for different athletic groups , and to assess whether the noninvasive criteria used to indicate the attainment of VO2max are achieved similarly in different VO2max testing protocols . study evaluated the attainment of either VO2max or peak VO2 ( VO2peak ) during two treadmill VO2max protocols : a progressive speed protocol ( PSP ) and a progressive incline protocol ( PIP ) . runners and 10 squash players were studied to assess whether achievement of VO2max criteria was either sport-specific or protocol-specific , or both . were no significant differences in the VO2peak values reached in either PSP or PIP protocol ( 64.4 + / - 5.9 vs 66.5 + / - 6.0 mLO2 x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ) . HRmax ( 196 + / - 5 vs 189 + / - 5 beats x min ( -1 ) ; PSP vs PIP ; P < 0.01 ) and RER ( 1.14 + / - 0.05 vs 1.07 + / - 0.04 ; PSP vs PIP ; P < 0.01 ) were significantly higher during the PSP test . percent of the subjects reached a plateau in either test , and of these subjects , 90 % satisfied the three noninvasive criteria for VO2max in the PSP group , compared with 10 % in the PIP group . indirect criteria used to assess the attainment of VO2max may be limited , as the VO2peak values were higher in the PIP protocol compared with the PSP protocol , although not significantly different , whereas the HR and RER values were significantly lower in the PIP than PSP protocol . , only 50 % of subjects demonstrated the plateau phenomenon in oxygen uptake with either protocol . may be concluded that the measured physiological variables coinciding with VO2peak may differ when different protocols are used to elicit VO2max ."
1940,Abstract #1940,"studies show that rapid tryptophan depletion reverses the effects of therapy with serotonergic , but not noradrenergic , antidepressant drugs in patients with remitted nonseasonal depression . objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid tryptophan depletion in patients with seasonal affective disorder ( SAD ) that was in clinical remission after light therapy . who met DSM-III-R criteria for recurrent major depressive episodes , seasonal ( winter ) pattern ( equivalent to SAD ) , were treated with a standard course of light therapy . patients with SAD in clinical remission after light therapy underwent rapid tryptophan depletion in a placebo-controlled , double-blind crossover study . ratings and plasma tryptophan levels were obtained before and after rapid tryptophan depletion . total and free tryptophan levels were significantly reduced to 20 % of normal levels by the rapid tryptophan depletion . depletion session resulted in significant increases in depression scores compared with the sham control session . of 10 patients had a clinically significant relapse of their depression following the tryptophan depletion session . tryptophan depletion appears to reverse the antidepressant effect of bright light therapy in patients with SAD . suggests that the therapeutic effects of bright light in SAD may involve a serotonergic mechanism ."
1941,Abstract #1941,"of thrombosed prosthetic dialysis shunts can be performed using surgical or endovascular techniques . prospective randomized trial was designed to compare the efficacy of these two methods in restoring dialysis access function . hundred fifteen patients with thrombosed dialysis shunts were randomized prospectively to surgical ( n = 56 ) or endovascular ( n = 59 ) therapy . the surgical group , salvage was attempted with thrombectomy alone in 22 % and with thrombectomy plus graft revision in 78 % . the endovascular group , graft function was restored with mechanical ( 82 % ) or thrombolytic ( 18 % ) graft thrombectomy followed by percutaneous angioplasty . limited to the venous anastomotic area was the cause of shunt thrombosis in 55 % of patients , and long-segment venous outflow stenosis or occlusion was the cause in 30 % . 83 % of the surgical group and in 72 % of the endovascular group , graft function was immediately restored ( p = NS ) . postoperative graft function rate was significantly better in the surgical group ( p < 0.05 ) . percent of grafts managed surgically remained functional at 6 months and 25 % at 12 months . the endovascular group , 11 % were functional at 6 months and 9 % by 12 months . with long-segment venous outflow stenosis or occlusion had a significantly worse patency rate than those with venous anastomotic stenosis ( p < 0.05 ) . surgical nor endovascular management resulted in long-term function for the majority of shunts after thrombosis . , surgical management resulted in significantly longer primary patency in this patient population , supporting its use as the primary method of management in most patients in whom shunt thrombosis develops ."
1942,Abstract #1942,"evaluate the effect of diet versus exercise intervention on weight reduction . were randomly divided by gender , age , and living area into four groups : group DE ( diet and exercise , n = 16 ) , group D ( diet only , n = 15 ) , group E ( exercise only , n = 15 ) , and group C ( control , n = 16 ) . study ultimately aimed to help participants reduce their body mass index ( BMI ) by 7 % of baseline value . were 62 residents ( men and women ranging in age from 40 to 69 years ) of two residential areas in Nara Prefecture , Japan , who participated in annual health checkups in 2006 . of the participants was 24 and < 28 kg/m at baseline examination . participants agreed to undergo a 6-month intervention between January 2007 and September 2007 . our intention-to-treat analysis , mean change in BMI from baseline to final examination was as follows : group DE mean BMI decreased 6.6 % , group D mean BMI decreased 5.3 % , group E mean BMI decreased 2.3 % , and group C mean BMI decreased 2.2 % . reduction in BMI from baseline to final examination was significant in all groups ( DE , p < 0.001 ; D , p < 0.001 ; E , p = 0.009 ; C , p = 0.019 ) . , mean abdominal circumference was significantly reduced in all groups . glucose levels were significantly reduced only in group DE ( p = 0.047 ) . intervention with diet and exercise proved to be effective in weight reduction , whereas exercise intervention alone was not found to be effective ."
1943,Abstract #1943,"fibroblast growth factor 23 ( FGF23 ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease , the relationship between FGF23 and cardiovascular disease has not been well characterized in the general population . aim of this study was to determine whether serum FGF23 is independently associated with cardiovascular disease in older community-dwelling women . cross-sectional design was used to examine the relationship between serum FGF23 and cardiovascular disease . subjects consisted of a population-based sample of 659 women , aged 70-79 years , who participated in the Women 's Health and Aging Studies in Baltimore , Maryland . cardiovascular disease ( coronary heart disease , stroke , congestive heart failure , and peripheral artery disease ) was assessed through diagnostic algorithms and physician adjudication . the 659 women , 185 ( 28.1 % ) had cardiovascular disease . ( 25th , 75th percentile ) intact serum FGF23 was 34.6 ( 25.2 , 46.2 ) pg/ml . prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the lowest , middle , and highest tertile of serum FGF23 was 22.6 , 24.9 , and 36.7 % respectively ( P = 0.002 ) . log FGF23 was associated with cardiovascular disease ( odds ratio per 1 s.d. increase = 1.23 , 95 % confidence interval 1.17 , 1.30 ; P < 0.0001 ) in a multivariable logistic regression model , adjusting for age , race , smoking , education , body mass index , cognition , diabetes , hypertension , physical activity , total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and renal function . serum FGF23 concentrations are independently associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in older community-dwelling women . studies are needed to elucidate the potential biological mechanisms by which FGF23 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease ."
1944,Abstract #1944,"reports indicate that alpha hemolytic streptococcal ( AHS ) organisms are a common cause of infection among acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) patients . study was intended to ascertain the population incidence and rate ( infections per 100 patient-days of treatment ) of AHS and to identify associated risk factors . ( n = 874 with 151,350 days of risk ) enrolled on the Children 's Cancer Group ( CCG ) protocol for newly diagnosed AML , CCG-2891 , which randomly assigned intensity of induction and intensification , were prospectively evaluated for infectious complications . occurred in 21 % of patients , was primarily blood borne ( 86 % ) , made up 21 % of bacteremic infections , and had a recurrent incidence of 31 % during subsequent therapy . was more often life-threatening ( 59 % ) than other infections ( 41 % ) ( P = .001 ) . rates increased with age less than 10 years ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 2.0 ; P = .007 ) , intensively timed induction ( OR , 1.8 to 1.9 ; P = .02 ) , and high-dose cytarabine intensification ( OR , 3.7 ; P < .0001 ) . all courses , the greatest incidence ( 19 % ) and rate ( 0.41 ) were associated with the use of high-dose cytarabine . toxicity correlated significantly with AHS bacteremia ( P < .01 ) . with AHS resulted in increased hospital days ( P = .0001 ) . among bone marrow transplant patients were overall survival ( OR , 2.8 ; P = .0001 ) and disease-free survival ( OR , 2.1 ; P = .008 ) decreased after AHS bacteremia . study , the first to prospectively examine AHS incidence among uniformly treated patients in multiple institutions , established that as the intensity of AML therapy has increased , so has the rate of AHS . children , those with previous AHS bacteremias , and those receiving high-dose cytarabine are at particularly high risk of AHS bacteremia ."
1945,Abstract #1945,"effects of a new resistant dextrin ingested at breakfast on day-long metabolic parameters and ghrelin profile at subsequent lunch were investigated . this randomized , single-blinded , crossover study , 12 healthy men ingested a standardized breakfast with 50 g of NUTRIOSE 10 , a resistant dextrin ( RD ) , or of maltodextrin ( Malto ) and a standardized lunch 5 hours later . products ( RD and Malto ) were derived from corn naturally rich in ( 13 ) C to follow their metabolic fate ( by using stable isotope analysis ) . and fermentation patterns were assessed by simultaneous ( 13 ) CO ( 2 ) / H ( 2 ) breath testing . appearance of exogenous ( 13 ) C-glucose in plasma , glycemia , insulinemia , nonesterified fatty acids ( NEFAs ) , and ghrelin concentrations were measured for 10 hours following breakfast ingestion . RD , H ( 2 ) excretion ( fermentation ) was significantly enhanced compared with Malto , whereas the appearance of ( 13 ) CO ( 2 ) ( oxidation ) was significantly prolonged ( p < 0.0001 ) . breakfast , ghrelin secretion was significantly less inhibited and NEFA concentration was higher with RD ( p < 0.05 ) , but unexpectedly , both remained lower after lunch and up to T600 minutes . to the reduced bioavailability of RD compared with Malto , the appearance of ( 13 ) C-glucose in plasma ( p < 0.0001 ) and glycemic and insulinemic responses to breakfast ( p < 0.05 ) were significantly reduced . of this new resistant dextrin at breakfast decreased ghrelin concentrations in response to the subsequent lunch , even if the caloric load ingested at breakfast was lower . effect may be linked to the prolonged fermentation/oxidation pattern seen in the late postprandial phase ( up to 10 hours after ingestion at breakfast ) , and thus prolonged energy release with the resistant dextrin ."
1946,Abstract #1946,"reduce arterial stiffness , a predictor of cardiovascular events . metabolites of isoflavones have similar bioactivity is unknown . effect of supplemental trans-tetrahydrodaidzein ( THD ) a metabolite of daidzein on pulse wave velocity ( PWV ) , a measure of arterial stiffness was tested in overweight men and postmenopausal women . subjects , 11 postmenopausal women , 14 men ( age , 57 [ 7 ] years ; body mass index , 30.3 [ 4.7 ] kg/m ( 2 ) ; mean [ S.D. ] ) participated in a double-blind , randomized , cross-over trial of THD versus placebo . weeks run-in followed by either THD 1g daily or placebo , each intervention 5 weeks . artery PWV , blood pressure and plasma lipids were measured after run-in , THD and placebo . was significantly reduced ( signifying diminished central arterial stiffness ) : medians ( 25th and 75th % ) , placebo 9.9 m/s ( 8.7 , 11.1 ) , THD 8.8 m/s ( 7.9 , 10.9 ) ; RM ANOVA P = 0.023 , with Tukey procedure P < 0.05 . blood pressure was significantly reduced : means ( S.D. ) , placebo 125.6 ( 14.7 ) , THD 121.3 ( 12.2 ) mmHg ; Tukey P < 0.05 . cholesterol , triglyceride and LDL cholesterol did not differ significantly . of THD > 80 % substantially exceeded that of parent isoflavones . metabolite normally formed after consumption of isoflavones ( formononetin , daidezein ) , taken orally , reduced blood pressure and central arterial stiffness indicating reduced cardiovascular risk ."
1947,Abstract #1947,"superiority of a chemotherapy with doxorubicin , cyclophosphamide , vindesine , bleomycin and prednisone ( ACVBP ) in comparison with cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristin and prednisone plus radiotherapy for young patients with localized diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( DLBCL ) was previously demonstrated . report the results of a trial which evaluates the role of rituximab combined with ACVBP ( R-ACVBP ) in these patients . patients younger than 66 years with stage I or II DLBCL and no adverse prognostic factors of the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index were randomly assigned to receive three cycles of ACVBP plus sequential consolidation with or without the addition of four infusions of rituximab . total of 223 patients were randomly allocated to the study , 110 in the R-ACVBP group and 113 in the ACVBP group . a median follow-up of 43 months , our 3-year estimate of event-free survival was 93 % in the R-ACVBP group and 82 % in the ACVBP group ( P = 0.0487 ) . estimate of progression-free survival was increased in the R-ACVBP group ( 95 % versus 83 % , P = 0.0205 ) . survival did not differ between the two groups with a 3-year estimates of 98 % and 97 % , respectively ( P = 0.686 ) . young patients with low-risk localized DLBCL , rituximab combined with three cycles of ACVBP plus consolidation is significantly superior to ACVBP plus consolidation alone ."
1948,Abstract #1948,"of aspiration pneumonia is becoming an important issue due to aging of populations worldwide . of tazobactam/piperacillin ( TAZ/PIPC ) in aspiration pneumonia is not clear . compare clinical efficacy between TAZ/PIPC ( 1:4 compound ) and imipenem/cilastatin ( IPM/CS ) in patients with moderate-to-severe aspiration pneumonia . this open-label , randomized study either TAZ/PIPC 5 g or IPM/CS 1 g was intravenously administered every 12 h to patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired aspiration pneumonia or nursing home-acquired pneumonia with risk for aspiration pneumonia for average 11 days . primary outcome was clinical response rate at the end of treatment ( EOT ) in validated per-protocol ( VPP ) population . outcomes were clinical response during treatment ( days 4 and 7 ) and at the end of study ( EOS ) in VPP population , and survival at day 30 in modified intention-to-treat ( MITT ) population . was no difference between the groups in primary or secondary outcome . , significantly faster improvement as measured by axillary temperature ( p < 0.05 ) and WBC count ( p = 0.01 ) was observed under TAZ/PIPC treatment . patients with gram-positive bacterial infection , TAZ/PIPC was more effective at EOT in VPP population ( p = 0.03 ) . is as effective and safe as IPM/CS in the treatment of moderate - to-severe aspiration pneumonia ."
1949,Abstract #1949,"determine whether an interactive physician seminar that has been shown to improve patient/parent satisfaction and to decrease emergency department visits for children with asthma was also effective for those children from low-income families . pediatricians and 637 of their patients were randomized to receive two asthma seminars or no educational programs and were observed for 2 years . in the New York , NY , and Ann Arbor , MI , areas were enrolled , and , on average , 10 patients with asthma per provider were surveyed and observed for 2 years . total of 637 subjects were enrolled , and 369 subjects remained in the study after 2 years . these , 279 had complete medical and survey information . were randomized , and then a random sample of their patients was enrolled and surveyed regarding the physician 's communication style , the child 's asthma symptoms , medical needs , and asthma care . income was defined as annual income of < 20,000 dollars . families of 36 children ( 13 % ) had an income of < 20,000 dollars , and they were treated by 23 physicians . children in the treatment group tended to have higher levels of use of controller medications , to receive a written asthma action plan , and to miss fewer days of school , although these differences were not statistically significant compared to low-income children in the control group . , low-income treatment group children were significantly less likely to be admitted to an emergency department ( annual rate , 0.208 vs 1.441 , respectively ) or to a hospital ( annual rate , 0 vs 0.029 , respectively ) for asthma care compared to children in the control group . educational program for physicians improved asthma outcomes for their low-income patients . interventions targeted to these high-risk patients may diminish hospital and emergency department asthma care ."
1950,Abstract #1950,"compared the postoperative effects of propofol and sevoflurane used for anesthesia during elective cesarean section , using bispectral index ( BIS ) monitoring . parturients were randomized into two groups ( Propofol group ; P group , Sevoflurane group ; S group ) . patients received thiopental and suxamethonium for induction and had orotracheal intubation in rapid sequence . patients received 1 % sevoflurane until delivery . the P group , sevoflurane was stopped after delivery and propofol infusion was started , to achieve target BIS values below 60 ; the infusion rate was 6.17 + / - 0.98 mg x kg ( -1 ) x h ( -1 ) . in the S group received 1 % sevoflurane . patients were given fentanyl and vecuronium as required . were no significant differences between the two groups in their times for beginning drinking , walking , eating or removal of urinary catheters after the operations . were no significant differences in total blood loss or intraoperative dose of oxytocin , but postoperative and total doses of oxytocin were significantly higher in those in the P group . the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on the postoperative condition of parturients , no differences could be detected . can choose to use propofol instead of sevoflurane for cesarean section ."
1951,Abstract #1951,"evaluate the efficacy of two power toothbrushes ( Cybersonic and Braun 3D Excel ) and one manual brush ( Elmex super 29 ) . professional toothcleaning 120 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups . weeks later , at baseline , the Quigley-Hein plaque index ( QHI ) , the modified approximal plaque index ( API ) , and the papillary bleeding index ( PBI ) were recorded . the subjects used the assigned toothbrushes for 8 weeks . of the indices after 4 and 8 weeks were calculated as medians . - and Mann-Whitney U-test served for statistical analysis . indices showed statistically significant reductions for both power toothbrushes which were superior to the manual brush ( 4 weeks : Cybersonic : API , 0.21 ; PBI , 0.25 ; QHI , 0.23 ; Braun : API , 0.20 ; PBI , 0.39 ; QHI , 0.22 ; Elmex : API , 0.04 ; PBI , 0.02 ; QHI , 0.07 ; 8 weeks : Cybersonic : API , 0.28 ; PBI , 0.36 ; QHI , 0.41 ; Braun : API , 0.36 ; PBI , 0.61 ; QHI , 0.35 ; Elmex : API , 0.03 ; PBI , 0.10 ; QHI , 0.08 ; p < 0.001 ) . Braun was superior to the Cybersonic with respect to API after 8 weeks ( p < 0.05 ) and PBI after 4 and 8 weeks ( p < 0.01 ) . and Braun 3D Excel may be more efficacious than a manual toothbrush in removing plaque and reducing gingivitis ."
1952,Abstract #1952,"compare distance-corrected , near , and intermediate visual acuities as a measurement of depth of focus and spherical aberration of eyes implanted with aspheric and spherical intraocular lenses ( IOLs ) . prospective study . hundred twenty eyes of 60 patients with bilateral cataract implanted with 3 IOL models ( AcrySof IQ , AcrySof SN60AT [ Alcon Laboratories , Fort Worth , TX ] , and Sensar AR40 [ Allergan Surgical , Irvine , CA ] ) . diameter was analyzed by using a Colvard pupillometer ( OASIS Medical , Inc. , Glendora , CA ) under photopic , mesopic , and scotopic conditions . ( 6 m ) , intermediate ( 1 m ) , and near ( 0.33 m ) visual acuities were measured with distance correction in place 90 days after surgery . analysis ( LadarWave ; Alcon Laboratories ) was performed using 5-mm and measured photopic pupil diameter at 30 and 90 days after surgery . evaluate spherical aberration and depth of focus ( by means of distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuity ) in patients implanted with aspheric and spherical IOLs . pupil sizes in each group were similar at 30 days after surgery . 90 days after surgery , mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution distance-corrected near visual acuity ( + / - standard deviation [ SD ] ) was 0.50 + / -0.20 in the AcrySof IQ group , 0.38 + / -0.17 in the AcrySof SN60AT group , and 0.45 + / -0.16 in Sensar AR40 group . spherical aberration values ( + / - SD ) were 0.03 + / -0.05 microm in the AcrySof IQ group , 0.24 + / -0.04 microm in the AcrySof SN60AT group , and 0.14 + / -0.07 microm in the Sensar AR40 group . AcrySof IQ group showed a statistically significant lower induction of spherical aberration and worse distance-corrected near visual acuity . AcrySof SN60AT group showed statistically significant higher mean spherical aberration values and better distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuity . reduction of total spherical aberration after aspheric IOL implantation may degrade distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuity ."
1953,Abstract #1953,"requirements during lactation are not well established . assessed the effects of dietary and supplemental folate intakes during extended lactation . women ( n = 42 ) were enrolled in a double-blind , randomized , longitudinal supplementation trial and received either 0 or 1 mg folic acid/d . 3 and 6 mo postpartum , maternal folate status was assessed by measuring erythrocyte , plasma , milk , and dietary folate concentrations ; plasma homocysteine ; and hematologic indexes . anthropometric measures of growth , milk intake , and folate intake were also assessed . supplemented women , values at 6 mo for erythrocyte and milk folate concentrations and for plasma homocysteine were not significantly different from those at 3 mo. . supplemented women compared with unsupplemented women at 6 mo , values for erythrocyte folate ( 840 compared with 667 nmol/L ; P < 0.05 ) , hemoglobin ( 140 compared with 134 g/L ; P < 0.02 ) , and hematocrit ( 0.41 compared with 0.39 ; P < 0.02 ) were higher and values for reticulocytes were lower . unsupplemented women , milk folate declined from 224 to 187 nmol/L ( 99 to 82 ng/mL ) , whereas plasma homocysteine increased from 6.7 to 7.4 micromol/L . folate intake was not significantly different between groups ( 380 + / -19 microg/d ) and at 6 mo was correlated with plasma homocysteine in unsupplemented women ( r = -0.53 , P < 0.01 ) and with plasma folate in supplemented women ( r = 0.49 , P < 0.02 ) . dietary folate intake of approximately 380 microg/d may not be sufficient to prevent mobilization of maternal folate stores during lactation ."
1954,Abstract #1954,"provide extended and often unrecognized support to people with cancer . aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that excessive carer burden is modifiable through a telephone outcall intervention that includes supportive care , information and referral to appropriate psycho-social services . aims include estimation of changes in psychological health and quality of life . study will determine whether the intervention reduces unmet needs among patient dyads . formal economic program will also be conducted . study is a single-blind , multi-centre , randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy and cost-efficacy of a telephone outcall program among carers of newly diagnosed cancer patients . total of 230 carer/patient dyads will be recruited into the study ; following written consent , carers will be randomly allocated to either the outcall intervention program ( n = 115 ) or to a minimal outcall / attention control service ( n = 115 ) . assessments will occur at baseline , at one and six months post-intervention . primary outcome is change in carer burden ; the secondary outcomes are change in carer depression , quality of life , health literacy and unmet needs . trial patients will be assessed at baseline and one month post-intervention to determine depression levels and unmet needs . economic analysis will include perspectives of both the health care sector and broader society and comprise a cost-consequences analysis where all outcomes will be compared to costs . study will contribute to our understanding on the potential impact of a telephone outcall program on carer burden and provide new evidence on an approach for improving the wellbeing of carers ."
1955,Abstract #1955,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of one-time injections of botulinum toxin type A ( BoNTA ) in Japanese patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity . a multicentre , randomised , double-blind , parallel-group , placebo-controlled study , 109 patients with upper limb spasticity were randomised to receive a single treatment with lower-dose ( 120-150 U ) or higher-dose ( 200-240 U ) BoNTA or placebo into upper limb muscles . . tone of the wrist flexor was assessed at baseline and at weeks 0 , 1 , 4 , 6 , 8 and 12 using the Modified Ashworth Scale ( MAS ) for wrist , finger , thumb and disability in activities of daily living ( ADL ) was rated using the 4-point Disability Assessment Scale ( DAS ) . primary endpoint was area under the curve ( AUC ) of the change from baseline in the MAS wrist score in the higher-dose groups . were randomised with 51 in the higher BoNTA group , 26 in the higher-dose placebo group , 21 in the lower BoNTA group and 11 in the lower-dose placebo group . improvement in spasticity with higher-dose BoNTA was demonstrated by a mean difference in the AUC of the change from baseline in the MAS wrist score between the higher-dose BoNTA group and the higher-dose placebo group of -6.830 ( p < 0.001 , t-test ) , no significant different was demonstrated between the lower-dose BoNTA group and the lower-dose placebo group ( p = 0.215 , t-test ) . improvements with higher-dose BoNTA were also observed in the DAS scores for limb position ( p = 0.001-0 .022 ) at all time points and dressing ( p = 0.018-0 .038 , Wilcoxon test ) at weeks 6 , 8 and 12 . clinically relevant difference was noted in the frequency of treatment-related adverse events between BoNTA-treated and placebo-treated patients . long-term efficacy and safety , and the effects on rehabilitation of BoNTA on upper limb will be evaluated using the data obtained in the open-label phase . BoNTA reduced spasticity in upper limb muscles and improved ADL performance in terms of limb position and dressing . is safe and effective in the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity ."
1956,Abstract #1956,"with acute coronary syndromes have lower rates of cardiac catheterization ( CC ) than men . determine whether sexgender , age , risk level and patient preference influence physician decision making to refer patients for CC . clinical scenarios controlling for sexgender , age ( 55 or 75 years of age ) , Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score ( low , moderate or high ) and patient preference for CC ( agreeable or refusedno preference expressed ) were designed . were administered to specialists across Canada using a web-based computerized survey instrument . were standardized using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ( very unlikely to benefit from CC ) to 5 ( very likely to benefit from CC ) . were assessed using a two-tailed mixed linear regression model . 237 scenarios , physicians rated men as more likely to benefit from CC than women ( mean [ SE ] 4.440.07 versus 4.250.07 , P = 0.03 ) , adjusted for age , risk and patient preference . men were perceived to benefit more than low-risk women ( 4.200.13 versus 3.540.14 , P < 0.01 ) , and low-risk younger patients were perceived to benefit more than low-risk older patients ( 4.520.17 versus 3.220.16 , P < 0.01 ) . of risk , patients who agreed to CC were perceived as more likely to benefit from CC than patients who were disagreeable or made no comment at all ( 5.00.23 , 3.670.21 , 2.950.14 , respectively , P < 0.01 ) . specialists ' decisions to refer patients for CC appear to be influenced by sexgender , age and patient preference in clinical scenarios in which cardiac risk is held constant . investigation of possible age and sexgender biases as proxies for risk is warranted ."
1957,Abstract #1957,"risk factors are associated with an increased risk of dementia . of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia is associated with a decrease in incident dementia . interventions aimed at cardiovascular risk factors in late life also reduce dementia risk is unknown . , we report the outline of a pragmatic study that will attempt to answer this question and we describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the target population . designed a large cluster-randomized trial with a 6-year follow-up in 3700 elderly subjects ( 70 to 78 y ) to assess whether nurse-led intensive vascular care in primary care decreases the incidence of dementia and reduces disability . outcome parameters are mortality , incidence of vascular events , and cognitive functioning . vascular care comprises treatment of hypertension , hypercholesterolemia , diabetes and reducing overweight , smoking cessation , and stimulating physical exercise . data of 1004 subjects show that 87 % of the subjects have 1 or more cardiovascular risk factors and 44 % have even 2 or more risk factors amenable to treatment . percent of the subjects receiving antihypertensive medication still have a systolic pressure of > 140 mm Hg . this older age group , the very high percentage of elderly subjects with cardiovascular risk factors illustrates the large window of opportunity for therapies directed to lower the cardiovascular risk and potentially also the risk for dementia ."
1958,Abstract #1958,"study the effect of oral budesonide and prednisolone on peripheral blood natural killer ( NK ) cell activity in patients with active ileocaecal Crohn 's disease ( Crohn 's disease activity index , CDAI > or = 200 ) . group of patients was treated for 10 weeks with oral budesonide ( n = 9 ; 9 mg/day ) , and another group of patients for the same period with prednisolone ( n = 9 ; 40 mg/day ) . was tapered to 6 mg/day after 8 weeks and prednisolone after 2 weeks to 5 mg/day in the last week . treatment , and at 2 , 4 and 10 weeks of treatment , natural killer cell activity was determined with a 51Cr release assay , and the number of CD16 + NK cells by Fluorescence activated cell sorter ( FACS ) analysis . , as well as prednisolone treatment , significantly decreased natural killer cell activity at weeks 2 and 4 . decrease was found to be accompanied by a similar decrease in the number of CD16 + NK cells . 10 weeks , natural killer cell activity had almost returned to pre-treatment levels in the budesonide group and was significantly higher than pre-treatment levels in the prednisolone group . activity was significantly decreased in all patients at week 2 until the end of the trial period . budesonide and prednisolone treatment suppress peripheral blood natural killer cell activity of patients with active ileocaecal Crohn 's disease by decreasing the numbers of CD16 + NK cells in the circulation ."
1959,Abstract #1959,"is lacking on the relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness -- in a real-life primary-care setting -- of leukotriene receptor antagonists ( LTRAs ) and long-acting beta2 adrenergic receptor agonists ( beta2 agonists ) as add-on therapy for patients whose asthma symptoms are not controlled on low-dose inhaled corticosteroids ( ICS ) . estimate the cost effectiveness of LTRAs compared with long-acting beta2 agonists as add-on therapy for patients whose asthma symptoms are not controlled on low-dose ICS . economic evaluation was conducted alongside a 2-year , pragmatic , randomized controlled trial set in 53 primary-care practices in the UK . aged 12-80 years with asthma insufficiently controlled with ICS ( n = 361 ) were randomly assigned to add-on LTRAs ( n = 176 ) or long-acting beta2 agonists ( n = 185 ) . main outcome measures were the incremental cost per point improvement in the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( MiniAQLQ ) , per point improvement in the Asthma Control Questionnaire ( ACQ ) and per QALY gained from perspectives of the UK NHS and society . 2 years , the societal cost per patient receiving LTRAs was pounds sterling 1157 versus pounds sterling 952 for long-acting beta2 agonists , a ( significant , adjusted ) increase of pounds sterling 214 ( 95 % CI 2 , 411 ) [ year 2005 values ] . receiving LTRAs experienced a non-significant incremental gain of 0.009 QALYs ( 95 % CI -0.077 , 0.103 ) . incremental cost per QALY gained from the societal ( NHS ) perspective was pounds sterling 22,589 ( pounds sterling 11,919 ) . around this point estimate suggested that , given a maximum willingness to pay of pounds sterling 30,000 per QALY gained , the probability that LTRAs are a cost-effective alternative to long-acting beta2 agonists as add-on therapy was approximately 52 % from both societal and NHS perspectives . balance , these results marginally favour the repositioning of LTRAs as a cost-effective alternative to long-acting beta2 agonists as add-on therapy to ICS for asthma . , there is much uncertainty surrounding the incremental cost effectiveness because of similarity of clinical benefit and broad confidence intervals for differences in healthcare costs . National Research Register N0547145240 ; Controlled Clinical Trials ISRCTN99132811 ."
1960,Abstract #1960,"of the skin cancer examination ( SCE ) and its practice remain relevant competency gaps among medical students . elaborate on a method of SCE known as the Integrated Skin Exam and discuss the development of an instructional film that illustrates its principles . assess the tool 's effect on knowledge , attitudes , and perceptions related to the SCE . students among 8 randomized schools viewed the film and completed pre-post questionnaires . viewing The Integrated Skin Exam film , students demonstrated improved melanoma knowledge , including identification of high-risk demographic groups ( 61 % vs 42.9 % , P < .001 ) , high-risk anatomic sites in women ( 88.6 % vs 46.5 % , P < .001 ) and men ( 92.1 % vs 34.8 % , P < .001 ) , and the ABCDEs of melanoma ( 98.4 % vs 91.2 % , P < .001 ) . demonstrated increased confidence in the SCE ( 66.93 % vs 16.40 % , P < .001 ) and augmented intentions to practice it ( 99.05 % vs 13.9 % , P < .001 ) . greater proportion ( 70.4 % vs 41.9 % , P < .001 ) of students thought less than 3 minutes were required to integrate SCE into the routine examination . impact of the film was not assessed . Integrated Skin Exam film introduces an integrated approach to the SCE that addresses knowledge gaps , mitigates perceived barriers , and augments intention related to practice of the SCE ."
1961,Abstract #1961,"2005 , the American College of Surgeons passed a mandate requiring that Level I trauma centers have a mechanism to identify patients who are problem drinkers and have the capacity to provide an intervention for patients who screen positive . aim of the Disseminating Organizational Screening and Brief Intervention Services ( DO-SBIS ) cluster randomized trial is to test a multilevel intervention targeting the implementation of high-quality alcohol screening and brief intervention ( SBI ) services at trauma centers . sites selected from all United States Level I trauma centers were randomized to participate in the trial . site providers receive a combination of workshop training in evidence-based motivational interviewing ( MI ) interventions and organizational development activities prior to conducting trauma-center-based alcohol SBI with blood-alcohol-positive injured patients . sites implement care as usual . MI skills , patient alcohol consumption , and organizational acceptance of SBI implementation outcomes are assessed . investigation has successfully recruited provider , patient and trauma center staff samples into the study , and outcomes are being followed longitudinally . completed , the DO-SBIS trial will inform future American College of Surgeons ' policy targeting the sustained integration of high-quality alcohol SBI at trauma centers nationwide ."
1962,Abstract #1962,"infusion and uncoated-stent implantation is a complementary treatment strategy to reduce major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing angioplasty for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) . is uncertain whether there may be similar benefits in replacing abciximab with high-dose bolus tirofiban . , the use of drug-eluting stents in this patient population is currently discouraged because of conflicting results on efficacy reported in randomized trials and safety concerns reported by registries . evaluate the effect of high-dose bolus tirofiban and of sirolimus-eluting stents as compared with abciximab infusion and uncoated-stent implantation in patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention . open-label , 2 x 2 factorial trial of 745 patients presenting with STEMI or new left bundle-branch block at 16 referral centers in Italy , Spain , and Argentina between October 2004 and April 2007 . bolus tirofiban vs abciximab infusion and sirolimus-eluting stent vs uncoated stent implantation . drug comparison , at least 50 % ST-segment elevation resolution at 90 minutes postintervention with a prespecified noninferiority margin of 9 % difference ( relative risk , 0.89 ) ; for stent comparison , the rate of major adverse cardiac events , defined as the composite of death from any cause , reinfarction , and clinically driven target-vessel revascularization within 8 months . resolution occurred in 302 of 361 patients ( 83.6 % ) who had received abciximab infusion and 308 of 361 ( 85.3 % ) who had received tirofiban infusion ( relative risk , 1.020 ; 97.5 % confidence interval , 0.958-1 .086 ; P < .001 for noninferiority ) . and hemorrhagic outcomes were similar in the tirofiban and abciximab groups . 8 months , major adverse cardiac events occurred in 54 patients ( 14.5 % ) with uncoated stents and 29 ( 7.8 % ) with sirolimus stents ( P = .004 ) , predominantly reflecting a reduction of revascularization rates ( 10.2 % vs 3.2 % ) . incidence of stent thrombosis was similar in the 2 stent groups . patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention , compared with abciximab , tirofiban therapy was associated with noninferior resolution of ST-segment elevation at 90 minutes following coronary intervention , whereas sirolimus-eluting stent implantation was associated with a significantly lower risk of major adverse cardiac events than uncoated stents within 8 months after intervention . Identifier : NCT00229515 ."
1963,Abstract #1963,"aggression is a common clinically significant symptom , but there are few controlled studies evaluating drug treatment . study evaluated oxcarbazepine in patients with impulsive aggression and whether diagnosis or other baseline characteristics predict response . outpatients had clinically significant impulsive aggression , without other psychiatric symptoms clearly requiring treatment . were randomized to oxcarbazepine or placebo , double-blind , for 10 weeks , at a variable dose increasing to 1200 mg/d if tolerated and to 2400 mg/d if aggression persisted . outcome measures were ( 1 ) change in a Global Overt Aggression rating derived from the Overt Aggression Scale-Modified and ( 2 ) patient-rated global improvement . 48 patients , 24 per group , 9 dropped out due to adverse events , but 45 completed at least 4 weeks on double-blind medication . showed consistent evidence of benefit from oxcarbazepine , compared with placebo , on both primary efficacy measures and most secondary measures . were no significant interactions between diagnosis or other baseline characteristics and differential response to oxcarbazepine or placebo . appears to benefit adults with clinically significant impulsive aggression ."
1964,Abstract #1964,"radiculopathy is a common form of neck pain and has been shown to lead to severe disability . rehabilitation approaches for cervical radiculopathies commonly include exercise and manual therapy interventions targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen , but evidence regarding their effectiveness is scarce . primary objective of this randomised clinical trial is to compare , in terms of pain and disability , a rehabilitation program targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen to a conventional rehabilitation program , for patients presenting acute or subacute cervical radiculopathies . hypothesis is that the rehabilitation program targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen will be significantly more effective in reducing pain and disability than the conventional rehabilitation program . study is a double-blind ( participants and evaluators blinded ) randomised clinical trial that will allow the comparison of patients with a cervical radiculopathy randomly assigned to one of two groups : one group will receive a 4-week rehabilitation program targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen , and the second group will receive a 4-week conventional rehabilitation program . subjects with cervical radiculopathy will be recruited from participating medical and physiotherapy clinics and will be evaluated at baseline , at the end of the 4-week program and four weeks following the end of the program . primary outcome measure will be the validated Neck Disability Index questionnaire . outcome measures will include the short version of the Disabilities of the Arm , Shoulder and Hand questionnaire , a numerical pain rating scale , cervicothoracic mobility and patients ' perceived global rating of change . the 4-week rehabilitation program , each participant will take part in eight physiotherapy treatment sessions ( 2 session/week ) and will perform a home exercise program . mixed-model , 2-way ANOVA will be used to analyze the effects of the rehabilitation programs . trials are needed to define ideal intervention approaches in rehabilitation for this population . randomised clinical trial will be the first study that directly compares a rehabilitation program targeting the opening of intervertebral foramen to a conventional rehabilitation program for patients with cervical radiculopathy . results of this study may help to establish best clinical practice guidelines for this patient population . : NCT01500044 ."
1965,Abstract #1965,"has been reported that insulin increases the cytotoxic effect in vitro of methotrexate by as much as 10,000-fold . purpose of this study was to explore the clinical value of insulin as a potentiator of methotrexate . in this prospective , randomized clinical trial were 30 women with metastatic breast cancer resistant to fluorouracil + Adriamycin + cyclophosphamide and also resistant to hormone therapy with measurable lesions . groups each of ten patients received two 21-day courses of the following treatments : insulin + methotrexate , methotrexate , and insulin , respectively . each patient , the size of the target tumor was measured before and after treatment according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors . changes in the size of the target tumor in the three groups were compared statistically . the trial conditions , the methotrexate-treated group and the insulin-treated group responded most frequently with progressive disease . group treated with insulin + methotrexate responded most frequently with stable disease . median increase in tumor size was significantly lower with insulin + methotrexate than with each drug used separately . results confirmed in vivo the results of previous in vitro studies showing clinical evidence that insulin potentiates methotrexate under conditions where insulin alone does not promote an increase in tumor growth . , the chemotherapy antitumoral activity must have been enhanced by the biochemical events elicited in tumor cells by insulin . multidrug-resistant metastatic breast cancer , methotrexate + insulin produced a significant antitumoral response that was not seen with either methotrexate or insulin used separately ."
1966,Abstract #1966,"heart rate variability ( HRV ) and abnormal nonlinear HRV shortly after myocardial infarction ( MI ) are risk factors for mortality . HRV predicts mortality in patients with a range of times post-MI , but the association of nonlinear HRV and outcome in this population is unknown . was determined from 740 tapes recorded before antiarrhythmic therapy in Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial patients with ventricular premature contractions ( VPCs ) suppressed on the first randomized treatment . were 70 + / - 121 days post-MI . up was 362 + / - 241 days ( 70 deaths ) . association between traditional time and frequency-domain HRV and mortality and nonlinear HRV and mortality were compared for the entire population ( ALL ) , those without coronary artery bypass graft post-MI ( no CABG ) , and those without CABG or diabetes ( no CABG , no DIAB ) using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis . of association was compared by P values and Wald Chi-square values . HRV included short-term fractal scaling exponent , power law slope , and SD12 ( Poincare dimension ) . ALL and for no CABG , increased daytime SD12 had the strongest association with mortality ( P = 0.002 ALL and P < 0.001 no CABG ) . no CABG , no DIAB increased 24-hour SD12 hours had the strongest association ( P < 0.001 ) with mortality . multivariate analysis , increased SD12 , decreased ln ULF ( ultra low frequency ) , and history of prior MI and history of congestive heart failure each remained in the model . HRV is associated with mortality post-MI . , as with traditional HRV , this is diluted by CABG surgery post-MI and by diabetes . suggest that decreased long-term HRV and increased randomness of heart rate are each independent risk factors for mortality post-MI ."
1967,Abstract #1967,"may have a chondroprotective effect in patients with knee OA ( KOA ) , but the results of clinical trials with oral bisphosphonates have been contradictory . this Phase 2 randomized , partially blind clinical trial , we tested the efficacy of IA clodronate vs HA in patients with primary KOA . hundred and fifty men or women aged 50-75 years suffering from KOA were randomized to one of five IA therapies : ( i ) clodronate 0.5 mg one IA injection/week for 4 weeks ; ( ii ) clodronate 1 mg one IA injection/week for 4 weeks ; ( iii ) clodronate 2 mg one IA injection/week for 4 weeks ; ( iv ) clodronate 1 mg two IA injections/week for 2 weeks ( clodronate 1 + 1 mg ) ; and ( v ) HA 20 mg one IA injection/week for 4 weeks . analogue scores ( VASs ) for different types of pain and the Lequesne index significantly improved in all treatment groups after the first injection and continued to improve even 2-4 weeks after the last injection without significant difference among the groups . significant ( P = 0.03 ) linear trend for a dose-response ( 0.5-2 mg clodronate ) relationship was found for active movement VAS pain . joint extension and mobility scores improved significantly at all time points in all treatment groups without statistical differences among them . study indicates that IA clodronate provides symptomatic and functional improvements at least as good as those obtained with HA . Registration . Nazionale sulla Sperimentazione Clinica dei Medicinali - Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco . Etico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese number CLIO 22/02 http://oss-sper-clin.agenziafarmaco.it ."
1968,Abstract #1968,"evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose dopamine , high-dose furosemide , and their combination in the treatment of refractory congestive heart failure . consecutive patients with refractory congestive heart failure were randomized to receive intravenous low-dose ( 4 micrograms/kg/min ) dopamine combined with low-dose ( 80 mg/day ) oral furosemide ( group A ; n = 7 ) , intravenous low-dose dopamine with medium-dose furosemide ( 5 mg/kg/day through continuous intravenous administration ; group B ; n = 7 ) , or high-dose furosemide ( 10 mg/kg/day through continuous intravenous administration ; group C ; n = 6 ) . three groups showed similar improvement in signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure , urinary output ( 2506 + / - 671 ml/24 hr , mean + / - SD ) and weight loss ( 3.3 + / - 2.3 kg ) after 72 hours of therapy . arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) decreased by 14 % + / - 8 % and 15 % + / - 6 % in groups B and C , respectively , but increased by 4 % + / - 15 % in group A ( p = 0.017 ) . function deteriorated significantly in groups B and C : creatinine clearance decreased by 41 % + / - 23 % and 42 % + / - 23 % , respectively , but increased by 14 % + / - 35 % in group A ( p = 0.0074 ) . decrease was positively correlated with the decrease in creatinine clearance ( r = 0.7 ; p = 0.0007 ) . in group B and C had more hypokalemia than group A. Two patients in group C sustained acute oliguric renal failure and one patient in group B died suddenly while sustaining severe hypokalemia . low-dose intravenous dopamine and oral furosemide have similar efficacy but induce less renal impairment and hypokalemia than higher doses of intravenous furosemide taken either alone or with low-dose dopamine . renal impairment induced by intravenous furosemide is probably related to its hypotensive effect in patients with refractory congestive heart failure ."
1969,Abstract #1969,"year , approximately 11 % of women diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States are 45 years of age or younger . women have concerns specific to or accentuated by their age , including fertility-related concerns , and have higher rates of psychosocial distress than women diagnosed at older ages . guidelines recommend that fertility risks be considered early in all treatment plans ; however , the extant research indicates that attention to fertility by the healthcare team is limited . , attention to fertility may be a proxy for whether or not other important issues warranting attention in younger women with breast cancer are addressed , including genetic risks , psychosocial distress , sexual functioning , and body image concerns . Young & Strong study tests the efficacy of an intervention designed for young women recently diagnosed with breast cancer and their oncologists with the intention to : 1 ) increase attention to fertility as an important surrogate for other issues facing young women , 2 ) educate and support young women and their providers , and 3 ) reduce psychosocial distress among young women with breast cancer . study employs a cluster randomized design including 14 academic institutions and 40 community sites across the U.S. assigned to either the study intervention arm or contact-time comparison intervention arm . institutions enroll up to 15 patients per site while community sites enroll up to 10 patients . eligibility requirements include : an initial diagnosis of stage I-III invasive breast cancer within three months prior , without a known recurrence or metastatic breast cancer ; 18-45 years of age at diagnosis ; ability to read and write in English . primary outcome is oncologists ' attention to fertility concerns as determined by medical record review . outcomes include differences in patient satisfaction with care and psychosocial distress between the two study arms . findings will provide valuable insight into how to increase attention to fertility and other issues specific to young women with breast cancer and how to improve doctor-patient communication around these issues , which may promote better quality of care for this population . . July 19 , 2012 ."
1970,Abstract #1970,"the performance of a robotic system for CT-guided lung biopsy in comparison to the conventional manual technique . hundred patients referred for CT-guided lung biopsy were randomly assigned to group A ( robot-assisted procedure ) or group B ( conventional procedure ) . , distance from entry point and position in lung of target lesions were evaluated to assess homogeneity differences between the two groups . duration , dose length product ( DLP ) , precision of needle positioning , diagnostic performance of the biopsy and rate of complications were evaluated to assess the clinical performance of the robotic system as compared to the conventional technique . biopsies were successfully performed . size ( p = 0.41 ) , distance from entry point ( p = 0.86 ) and position in lung ( p = 0.32 ) of target lesions were similar in both groups ( p = 0.05 ) . duration and radiation dose were significantly reduced in group A as compared to group B ( p = 0.001 ) . of needle positioning , diagnostic performance of the biopsy and rate of complications were similar in both groups ( p = 0.05 ) . CT-guided lung biopsy can be performed safely and with high diagnostic accuracy , reducing procedure duration and radiation dose in comparison to the conventional manual technique . biopsy is the main procedure to obtain diagnosis in lung tumours . robotic device facilitates percutaneous needle placement under CT guidance . CT-guided lung biopsy reduces procedure duration and radiation dose ."
1971,Abstract #1971,"determine the efficacy of high-intensity progressive resistance training ( PRT ) on glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes . performed a 16-week randomized controlled trial in 62 Latino older adults ( 40 women and 22 men ; mean + / - SE age 66 + / - 8 years ) with type 2 diabetes randomly assigned to supervised PRT or a control group . control , metabolic syndrome abnormalities , body composition , and muscle glycogen stores were determined before and after the intervention . weeks of PRT ( three times per week ) resulted in reduced plasma glycosylated hemoglobin levels ( from 8.7 + / - 0.3 to 7.6 + / - 0.2 % ) , increased muscle glycogen stores ( from 60.3 + / - 3.9 to 79.1 + / - 5.0 mmol glucose/kg muscle ) , and reduced the dose of prescribed diabetes medication in 72 % of exercisers compared with the control group , P = 0.004-0 .05 . subjects showed no change in glycosylated hemoglobin , a reduction in muscle glycogen ( from 61.4 + / - 7.7 to 47.2 + / - 6.7 mmol glucose/kg muscle ) , and a 42 % increase in diabetes medications . subjects versus control subjects also increased lean mass ( +1.2 + / - 0.2 vs. -0.1 + / - 0.1 kg ) , reduced systolic blood pressure ( -9.7 + / - 1.6 vs. +7.7 + / - 1.9 mmHg ) , and decreased trunk fat mass ( -0.7 + / - 0.1 vs. +0.8 + / - 0.1 kg ; P = 0.01-0 .05 ) . as an adjunct to standard of care is feasible and effective in improving glycemic control and some of the abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome among high-risk older adults with type 2 diabetes ."
1972,Abstract #1972,"of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ( statins ) and angiotensin II type 1 ( AT ( 1 ) ) receptor antagonists reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events . cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( M-CSF ) and transforming growth factor ( TGF ) - beta may exert proatherogenic and antiatherogenic effects , respectively . this study , we examined whether treatment with a statin or an AT ( 1 ) receptor antagonist alters M-CSF and TGF-beta levels in patients with coronary artery disease . consecutive patients with coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to the following three treatment groups for 8 weeks : simvastatin 5 mg/day ( n = 10 ) ; losartan 50 mg/day ( n = 9 ) ; or control ( usual treatment ; n = 8 ) . samples were collected before and after treatment . characteristics and baseline cytokine levels were comparable among the three groups . levels of M-CSF were significantly decreased only in the simvastatin group ( from 403 + / - 71 to 303 + / - 116 pg/mL ; p = 0.009 ) . levels of TGF-beta were significantly increased only in the losartan group ( from 5.01 + / - 1.13 to 7.50 + / - 3.83 ng/mL ; p = 0.021 ) . decreased serum M-CSF levels independently of changes in total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol . results of this study indicate that simvastatin decreases serum levels of M-CSF while losartan increases plasma levels of TGF-beta , suggesting that the two drugs may have different anti-atherosclerotic properties ."
1973,Abstract #1973,"multidisciplinary approach to managing heart failure has been shown to improve outcomes . role of a clinical pharmacist in treating heart failure has not been evaluated . hundred eighty-one patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction ( ejection fraction < 45 ) undergoing evaluation in clinic were randomized to an intervention or a control group . in the intervention group received clinical pharmacist evaluation , which included medication evaluation , therapeutic recommendations to the attending physician , patient education , and follow-up telemonitoring . control group received usual care . primary end point was combined all-cause mortality and heart failure clinical events . clinical events were adjudicated by a blinded end point committee . characteristics were similar except for slightly higher age in the intervention group . follow-up was 6 months . mortality and heart failure events were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group ( 4 vs 16 ; P = .005 ) . addition , patients in the intervention group received higher angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor doses as reflected by the median fraction of target reached ( 25th and 75th percentiles ) , 1.0 ( 0.5 and 1 ) and 0.5 ( 0.1875 and 1 ) in the intervention and control groups , respectively ( P < .001 ) . use of other vasodilators in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-intolerant patients was higher in the intervention group ( 75 % vs 26 % ; P = .02 ) . in heart failure can be improved with a clinical pharmacist as a member of the multidisciplinary heart failure team . observation may be due to higher doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or closer follow-up ."
1974,Abstract #1974,"aim of this study was to assess the responsiveness of the asthma control test ( ACT ) to detect changes at the initiation of therapy and its utilization in the initiation of asthma treatment . study was designed as a randomized clinical trial conducted in a primary care setting . subjects were asthma patients who had not received controller therapy for at least two months . patients were randomized into two groups : The Saudi Initiative for Asthma ( SINA ) group and the Global Initiative for Asthma ( GINA ) group . in the SINA group was initiated at step1 when the ACT scores 20 , step 2 when the score between16-19 , and step 3 when the score < 16 began at step 3 . GINA group patients were started on step 2 when they had persistent asthma symptoms or step 3 when they had severely uncontrolled disease . patients were analyzed in each group . improvement in ACT score after treatment initiation was significantly higher when the SINA approach was used ( 2.9 in the SINA group compared to 1.7 in the GINA group ( p = 0.04 ) ) . improvement in FEV1 was 5.8 % in the SINA group compared to 3.4 % in the GINA group ( p = 0.46 ) . number of patients who achieved asthma control at the follow-up visit and required no treatment adjustment was 33 ( 73.3 % ) in the SINA group and 27 ( 60 % ) in the GINA group ( p = 0.0125 ) . ACT was responsive to change at the initiation of asthma treatment and was useful for the initiation of asthma treatment . ."
1975,Abstract #1975,"aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical condition at birth and some laboratory parameters in newborns of mothers treated for recurrent spontaneous abortion ( RSA ) of unknown etiology with paternal lymphocytes immunization . study comprised 104 newborns delivered by 102 women with RSA , who underwent alloimmunization and 90 randomly chosen control newborns . following parameters were analysed in two groups of newborns : general condition at birth , physical development , course of adaptation period , values of hematological and immunological ( percentage of CD3 , CD4 , CD8 , CD19 and CD3/CD25 lymphocytes , chemiluminescence of neutrophils at rest and stimulated with opsonized zymosane ) parameters in umbilical arterial blood . statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups of newborns as to the duration of pregnancy , birth weight , general condition at birth , occurrence of complications in the adaptation period and values of studied hematological and immunological parameters . results suggest that immunization with paternal lymphocytes in women with RSA of unknown etiology not only creates better prognosis for the outcome of the pregnancy , but is also safe for the fetus and the newborn ."
1976,Abstract #1976,"of sinus ostia following endoscopic sinus surgery ( ESS ) is the most common reason for revision surgery . ( CD ) gel has been shown to be an effective hemostatic agent ; however , its effects on ostial stenosis are unknown . study aims to quantify the effect of CD gel on circumferential scarring following ESS . prospective , blinded , randomized , controlled trial was conducted in 26 patients undergoing ESS . of neo-ostia were taken using a standard-sized measuring probe . gel was applied unilaterally , while contralateral sides received no gel . diameters were measured by a blinded observer at 2 , 8 , and 12 weeks postoperation . ostial areas calculated as a proportion of the original were compared for each ostium at each time point . ostial areas were comparable for CD gel and control sides ( 38 mm ( 2 ) vs 39 mm ( 2 ) , 131 mm ( 2 ) vs 120 mm ( 2 ) , and 203 mm ( 2 ) vs 193 mm ( 2 ) , in frontal , sphenoid , and maxillary ostia , respectively ; p > 0.05 ) . gel significantly improved sinus ostial patency . largest difference was seen when ostial areas at 12 weeks were compared with their corresponding baseline areas ( 66 % vs 31 % frontal , p < 0.001 ; 85 % vs 47 % sphenoid , p < 0.001 ; and 74 % vs 54 % maxillary ostia , p = 0.002 ) . difference between raw ostial areas reached statistical significance in sphenoid ( p < 0.001 ) and maxillary ( p = 0.01 ) , but not in frontal ostia ( p > 0.05 ) at 12 weeks . gel produced significantly less stenosis of all neo-ostia following ESS and may reduce the necessity for revision surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis ."
1977,Abstract #1977,"purpose was to compare disease-free survival ( DFS ) between epirubicin-based chemoendocrine therapy and tamoxifen alone in one to three node-positive ( N1-3 ) , estrogen-receptor-positive ( ER + ) , postmenopausal early breast cancer ( EBC ) patients . analyzed , retrospectively , 457 patients randomized in FASG 02 and 07 trials who received : tamoxifen alone ( 30 mg/day , 3 years ) ; or FEC50 ( fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 , epirubicin 50 mg/m2 , cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 , six cycles every 21 days ) plus tamoxifen started concurrently . was delivered after the third cycle in FASG 02 trial , and after the sixth in FASG 07 trial . 9-year DFS rates were 72 % with tamoxifen and 84 % with FEC50-tamoxifen ( P = 0.008 ) . multivariate analysis showed that pathological tumor size > 2 cm was an independent prognostic factor ( P = 0.002 ) , and treatment effects remained significantly in favor of chemoendocrine therapy ( P = 0.0008 ) . 9-year overall survival rates were 78 % and 86 % , respectively ( P = 0.11 ) . the multivariate model , there was a trend in favor of chemoendocrine therapy ( P = 0.07 ) . addition of FEC50 adjuvant chemotherapy to tamoxifen significantly improves long-term DFS in N1-3 , ER + and postmenopausal women . therapy seems to be more effective than tamoxifen in terms of long-term survival ."
1978,Abstract #1978,"test the hypothesis that in response to increased ventilatory demand , dynamic inspiratory pressure assistance better compensates for increased workload compared with static pressure support ventilation ( PSV ) . clinical crossover study . intensive care u nits of a university hospital . patients with acute respiratory failure . received PSV , proportional assist ventilation ( PAV ) , and PAV + automatic tube compensation ( ATC ) in random order while maintaining mean inspiratory airway pressure constant . each setting , ventilatory demand was increased by adding deadspace without ventilator readjustment . , ventilatory , and work of breathing variables were assessed by routine monitoring plus pneumotachography ; airway , esophageal , and abdominal pressure measurements ; and nitrogen washout . deadspace addition , tidal volume and end-expiratory lung volume increased similarly in all ventilatory modalities . work , peak inspiratory flow , and maximum airway pressure increased significantly during PAV+ATC when compared with PSV after deadspace addition . , increase in ventilator work did not result in a smaller increase in patients ' work of breathing with elevated ventilatory demand during PAV+ATC ( PSV 807 + / - 204 mJ/L , PAV 802 + / - 193 mJ/L , and PAV+ATC 715 + / - 202 mJ/L , p = .11 ) . in patients ' work of breathing was mainly caused by a significantly higher resistive workload during PAV and PAV+ATC . patients with acute respiratory failure , dynamic inspiratory pressure assistance modalities are not superior to PSV with respect to cardiorespiratory function and inspiratory muscles unloading after increasing ventilatory demand . latter might be explained by higher peak flows resulting in nonlinearly increased resistive workload that was incompletely compensated by PAV+ATC ."
1979,Abstract #1979,"assess impact of exposure to healthy elderly on medical students ' attitudes toward the elderly . , randomized , controlled intervention trial . Well Elderly Program . fourth year medical students on a required Geriatric Medicine clerkship who were assigned to either a tertiary care university medical center or a teaching nursing home . students were randomly assigned to participate in a Well Elderly Program and were compared to a control group of 58 students at equivalent sites who did not participate . - and post-rotation , students were given the Aging Semantic Differential ( ASD ) , a validated geriatric attitudinal scale . repeated measures analysis of variance , the difference between pre - and post-rotation ASD scores were most significant for students who participated in the Well Elderly Program ; site did not exert a significant interaction effect . results underscore the importance of exposure to healthy older people on effecting positive attitude changes among medical students on geriatrics rotations ."
1980,Abstract #1980,"transurethral resection ( TUR ) is the standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors , 40-80 % of tumors recur in spite of complete resection . evaluate the efficacy , dose effectiveness and safety of early short-duration intravesical instillation therapy using epirubicin ( EPI ) administered immediately after TUR and on the next day following TUR . 1995 and 2001 , 303 patients with Ta and T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma were enrolled in this study . were randomized into three groups . A patients were treated with two intravesical infusions of EPI 20 mg/40 ml saline immediately after TUR and within 24 h. Group B patients were treated with EPI 50 mg/100 ml on the same schedule as group A. Group C patients were treated by TUR alone as a control group . primary endpoint was a duration to the first recurrence . the 303 patients , 79 in Group A , 84 in Group B , and 77 in Group C could be evaluated for recurrence . follow-up was 44 months . recurrence-free survival durations for Groups A , B , and C were 24 , 38 , and 13 months , respectively . difference between Groups B and C was statistically significant ( p = 0.04 ) . reactions related to instillation were observed in about 30 % of the patients . reactions included micturition pain and frequency . toxicities were mild and transient . instillation of EPI 50 mg twice within 24 h after TUR was effective as prophylactic therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with tolerable toxicity problems ."
1981,Abstract #1981,"is unclear whether the phase of the menstrual cycle in which primary surgical treatment occurs influences disease-free survival ( DFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) in premenopausal women with breast cancer . investigated this question in the context of a clinical trial comparing mastectomy alone with mastectomy plus adjuvant oophorectomy and tamoxifen in premenopausal women with operable breast cancer . date of the first day of the last menstrual period ( LMP ) was used to estimate the phase of the menstrual cycle when the surgeries were done . phase was defined as day 1-14 from LMP . phase was defined as day 15-42 from LMP . and OS statistics were determined and analyzed by Cox proportional hazards ratios and Kaplan-Meier methods . statistical tests were two-sided . analyzed results for 565 women who reported an LMP within 42 days before surgery . women in the mastectomy only arm ( n = 289 ) , there were no differences in DFS or OS by menstrual cycle phase . women in the adjuvant treatment arm ( n = 276 ) , those whose surgery occurred during the luteal phase ( n = 158 ) had better DFS ( relative risk [ RR ] = 0.54 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 0.32 to 0.96 ; P = .02 ) and OS ( RR = 0.53 ; 95 % CI = 0.30 to 0.95 ; P = .03 ) than those whose surgery occurred during the follicular phase ( n = 118 ) . , women whose surgery occurred during the luteal phase and who received adjuvant therapy had better 5-year DFS than did women whose surgery occurred during the follicular phase ( 84 % ; 95 % CI = 78 % to 90 % versus 67 % ; 95 % CI = 58 % to 78 % ; P = .02 ) ; they also had better OS ( 85 % ; 95 % CI = 78 % to 92 % versus 75 % ; 95 % CI = 66 % to 84 % ; P = .03 ) . phase of the menstrual cycle at which surgery was done had no impact on survival for women who received mastectomy only . , women who received a mastectomy and surgical oophorectomy and tamoxifen during the luteal phase had better outcomes than women who received surgery during the follicular phase ."
1982,Abstract #1982,"has been suggested that beta-adrenergic antagonists might have mechanisms of action other than ocular hypotensive effects affecting the visual function in glaucoma patients and that betaxolol might protect the visual field better than others . randomized , double-blind study was conducted to compare the effects of betaxolol and timolol on visual fields of glaucoma patients . glaucoma patients were treated with either 0.5 % betaxolol or 0.25 % timolol eyedrops twice daily . Octopus visual field performance was followed up for 2 years and analyzed to find diffuse and localized changes . analyzed the change in the mean sensitivity ( MS ) and performed a cluster analysis and clinical assessment of the visual fields in both treatment groups . mean sensitivity ( MS ) improved significantly and equally in both treatment groups . was a tendency towards more improved clusters in the betaxolol group than in the timolol group and more worsened cluster in the timolol group than in the betaxolol group , but the difference was not statistically significant . clinical assessment also showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups . the present study both betaxolol and timolol had a favorable effect on the visual fields of glaucoma patients . was no statistically significant difference between betaxolol - and timolol-treated patients either in the change in mean retinal sensitivity or in the change in localized scotomatous areas ."
1983,Abstract #1983,"evaluate safety and efficacy of transcutaneous interferential ( IF ) electrostimulation on voiding symptoms and urodynamic variables in children with myelomeningocele ( MMC ) - induced refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity . MMC children ( 18 girls , 12 boys ; mean age 5.6 + / - 2.7 ) with moderate to severe intractable incontinency , detrusor overactivity , and high maximal detrusor end-fill pressure were enrolled and then randomly allocated to treatment ( IF stimulation , 20 children ) and control ( sham stimulation , 10 children ) groups . underwent urodynamic study ( UDS ) before and after IF and 6 months later , with attention to mean maximal detrusor pressure ( MMDP ) , maximum bladder capacity ( MBC ) , mean detrusor compliance ( MDC ) , postvoiding residue ( PVR ) , and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia ( DSD ) . incontinence score , voiding frequency , and enuresis were also assessed . courses of pelvic floor IF electrostimulation for 20 minutes 3 times per week were performed with low-frequency current , duration of 250 microseconds , and repetition time of 6.6 seconds . the UDS parameters in the treatment group immediately after IF implication , MMDP , PVR , and DSD significantly improved compared with sham stimulation and pretreatment measures ( P < .05 ) . the treatment group , 78 % patients gained continence immediately after IF therapy and 60 % had persistent continence for 6 months ( P < .05 ) . after IF treatment , urinary frequency and enuresis also improved ( P < .05 ) , with a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups . study demonstrated that noninvasive IF therapy is effective in improving voiding symptoms including incontinence and UDS parameters of MMC children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity . clinical beneficial implication of this modality is yet to be determined in larger studies ."
1984,Abstract #1984,"formulas differ considerably in composition and sensory profiles . this randomized study , we examined whether healthy infants fed an extensively protein hydrolysate formula ( PHF ) would differ in feeding behavior and growth from those fed cow-milk formula ( CMF ) . were randomly assigned to be fed CMF or PHF between 0.5 and 7.5 months of age . month for 7 months , infants were weighed and measured and then videotaped while being fed their assigned formula . z scores were calculated by using World Health Organization growth standards . linear growth and piecewise mixed-effects models compared trajectories for growth measures and formula acceptance . compared with infants fed CMF , infants fed PHF had significantly lower weight-for-length z scores across ages 2.5 to 7.5 months . were no differences in length-for-age z scores , which indicate that group differences resulted from gains in weight , not length . fed PHF also had significantly slower weight gain velocity compared with infants fed CMF . the monthly assessments , PHF-fed infants consumed less formula to satiation than did CMF-fed infants across the study period . ratings of infants ' acceptance of the formula did not differ at any age . trajectories indicate that CMF-fed infants ' weight gain was accelerated , whereas PHF-fed infants ' weight gain was normative . such differences in growth are because of differences in the protein content or amino acid profile of the formulas and , in turn , metabolism is unknown . on the long-term consequences of these early growth differences is needed ."
1985,Abstract #1985,"assess the current feasibility of online hyperthermia treatment planning guided steering ( HGS ) and its current contribution to treatment quality in deep hyperthermia for locally advanced cervical cancer . patients were randomized to receive either their second and fourth ( arm A ) or their third and fifth ( arm B ) hyperthermia treatment of the series with the aid of HGS . other treatments were conducted according to the Rotterdam Empirical Steering Guidelines ( RESG ) . period I ( second and third treatment of the series ) similar results were found for HGS and RESG with a slight , non-significant difference found in favour of HGS . average temperature T50 was 40.3 degrees C for both ( p = 0.409 ) and the dose parameter CEM43T90 was 0.64 for RESG and 0.63 for HGS ( p = 0.154 ) . , during period II ( fourth and fifth treatment of the series ) HGS performed less well , with significant lower thermal dose parameters , minimum , mean and maximum intraluminal temperatures , tolerance measures and net integrated power . was 40.4 degrees C after RESG and 40 degrees C after HGS ( p = 0.001 ) and CEM43T90 0.57 and 0.38 ( p = 0.01 ) respectively . found that the procedure of online treatment planning guided steering is feasible . maximal exploitation of its possibilities , however , better control and understanding of several patient , tumour and technical parameters is required . study has been very helpful in identifying some of the challenges and flaws that warrant further investigation in the near future , such as patient positioning and the prevention of hotspot-related complaints ."
1986,Abstract #1986,"study was designed to compare the preventive efect of nitrate tolerance between carvedilol with antioxidant properties and arotinolol without antioxidant properties . attenuation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) production due to inactivation of guanylate cyclase by increased superoxide has been reported as a mechanism of nitrate tolerance . has been known to combine alpha - and beta-blockade with antioxidant properties . evaluate the preventive effect of nitrate tolerance , 24 patients with untreated hypertension were randomized to receive either carvedilol ( 10 mg twice a day [ carvedilol group , n = 8 ] ) , arotinolol ( 10 mg twice a day [ arotinolol group , n = 8 ] ) , or placebo ( placebo group , n = 8 ) . response to nitroglycerin ( NTG ) was assessed with forearm plethysmography by measuring the change in forearm blood flow ( FBF ) before and 5 min after sublingual administration of 0.3 mg NTG , and at the same time blood samples were taken from veins on the opposite side to measure platelet cGMP . and blood sampling were obtained serially at baseline ( day 0 ) , 3 days after carvedilol , arotinolol or placebo administration ( day 3 ) and 3 days after application of a 20 mg/24 h NTG tape concomitantly with carvedilol , arotinolol or placebo ( day 6 ) . was no significant difference in the response of FBF ( % FBF ) and cGMP ( % cGMP ) to sublingual administration of NTG on days 0 and 3 among the three groups . day 6 , % FBF and % cGMP were significantly lower in the arotinolol group and the placebo group than days 0 and 3 , but these parameters in the carvedilol group were maintained . results indicated that carvedilol with antioxidant properties may prevent the development of nitrate tolerance during continuous therapy with NTG compared with arotinolol without antioxidant properties ."
1987,Abstract #1987,"mellitus is a rising non-communicable disease in Malaysia . therapy refusal is a great challenge for healthcare providers , as it results in delayed insulin initiation . study was conducted to determine the prevalence of insulin therapy refusal and its associated factors . cross sectional study was conducted at seven public health clinics in Kubang Pasu district , Malaysia , from March to October 2012 . newly developed and validated questionnaire was used and participants were selected via systematic random sampling . patients diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) and under the public health clinic care in Kubang Pasu were included in the study . logistic regressions were used to study the association between insulin therapy refusal and its associated factors . were 461 respondents and the response rate was 100 % . these 461 patients with T2DM , 74.2 % refused insulin therapy . most common reason given for refusal was a lack of confidence in insulin injection ( 85.4 % ) . logistic regression revealed that respondents who had secondary education were 55.0 % less likely to refuse insulin therapy than those who had primary or no formal education ( p = 0.009 , adjusted odds ratio [ OR ] = 0.45 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 0.25-0 .82 ) . was also a significant inverse association between glycated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) and insulin therapy refusal ( p = 0.047 , adjusted OR = 0.87 , 95 % CI = 0.76-1 .00 ) . therapy refusal is common in Kubang Pasu . status and HbA1c should be taken into consideration when counselling patients on insulin therapy initiation ."
1988,Abstract #1988,"treatment for the resolution of ectopic pregnancy ( EP ) affect subsequent spontaneous fertility [ occurrence of an intrauterine pregnancy ( IUP ) ] ? is no significant difference in 2 years subsequent fertility neither between methotrexate and conservative surgery for less active EP nor between conservative and radical surgery for the most active EP . randomized trial has compared radical and conservative surgery treatments . recent review of the Cochrane database did not conclude about fertility due to insufficient data . studies from EP registries in two regions of France ( Auvergne and Greater Lille ) have suggested that fertility is similar after medical treatment and conservative surgery and lower after radical surgery . randomized controlled trial included all women with an ultrasound-confirmed EP . were divided into two arms according to the activity of the EP ( defined by Fernandez 's score ) . arm 1 ( less active ectopic pregnancies , i.e. Fernandez 's score < 13 and no haemodynamic failure ) , medical treatment was considered practicable , and women were randomly allocated to conservative surgery with a systematic post-operative i.m. methotrexate injection within 24 h or to an i.m. methotrexate injection alone . arm 2 ( active ectopic pregnancies ) , medical treatment was considered impracticable , and , thus , all women had to undergo surgery ; they were randomly allocated to either a radical or conservative procedure , the latter including a post-operative methotrexate injection . sizes ( n = 210 in arm 1 and n = 230 in arm 2 ) were computed to provide a statistical power of 80 % to detect a 20 % difference in subsequent cumulative fertility rates between treatments in each arm . total duration of the trial was 5 years . trial took place in 17 centres in France from 2005 to 2009 . hundred and seven women were included in arm 1 and 199 in arm 2 . fertility curves were drawn with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test . ratios ( HRs ) were computed with the Cox model . was performed according to the intention-to-treat principle . 1 : cumulative fertility curves were not significantly different between medical treatment and conservative surgery . was 0.85 ( 0.59-1 .22 ) P = 0.37 . 2-year rates of IUP were 67 % after medical treatment and 71 % after conservative surgery . 2 : cumulative fertility curves were not significantly different between conservative and radical surgery . was 1.06 ( 0.69-1 .63 ) P = 0.78 . 2-year rates of IUP were 70 % after conservative surgery and 64 % after radical surgery . in this trial was more difficult than expected , especially in arm 2 in which women were reluctant to radical surgery . consequence , the sample size was slightly lower than planned . , due to a lower proportion of lost to follow-up than expected ( 10 % instead of 15 % ) , the statistical power remained very close to 80 % . it is a multicentre randomized trial , the results may be generalized with satisfactory confidence . results of this trial invite gynaecologists to reconsider the management of EP and to modify balance between considerations of initial recovery and preservation of fertility . on the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ."
1989,Abstract #1989,"1990 a pilot nurse-midwifery program was implemented in a tertiary care hospital in a major western Canadian city . randomized , controlled trial was conducted to determine if , when maternal and newborn patient outcomes were compared , the midwifery program was as effective as traditional , low-risk health care available in the city . low-risk women who requested and qualified for nurse-midwifery care were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group . hundred one women received care from nurse-midwives and 93 received standard care from either an obstetrician or family physician . rate of cesarean delivery in the nurse-midwife group was 4 percent compared with 15.1 percent in the physician group . episiotomy rate , excluding cesarean deliveries , for the nurse-midwife group was 15.5 percent compared with 32.9 percent in the physician group . rates of epidural anesthesia for pain relief in labor were 12.9 percent and 23.7 percent , respectively . significant differences were found ultrasound examinations , amniotomy , intravenous drug administration during labor , dietary supplements , length of hospital stay , and admission of infants to the neonatal intensive care unit . results clearly support the effectiveness of the pilot nurse-midwifery program and suggest that more extensive participation of midwives in the Canadian health care system is an appropriate use of health care dollars ."
1990,Abstract #1990,"suppositories at 500 mg b.d. are a safe and effective treatment for patients with ulcerative proctitis or distal proctosigmoiditis . a mesalazine 1 g suppository ( Pentasa ) has been developed . patients with active ulcerative colitis extending not beyond 20 cm from the anus on sigmoidoscopy , participated in a randomized single-blind study comparing the efficacy , tolerance and acceptance of the new Pentasa mesalazine 1 g suppository , given once daily versus Claversal mesalazine 500 mg suppository b.d. 2 weeks , clinical remission was observed in 16 of 25 ( 64 % ) in the Pentasa group and in 7 of 25 ( 28 % ) in the Claversal 500 mg b.d. treated group ; sigmoidoscopic remission occurred in 13 of 25 ( 52 % ) in the Pentasa group and in six of 25 ( 24 % ) in the Claversal group ( P < 0.01 ) . 4 weeks , clinical and sigmoidoscopic remission were observed , respectively , in 84 and 76 % of patients treated with Pentasa suppositories , and in 80 and 72 % of patients treated with Claversal suppositories 500 mg b.d. ( P = N.S. ) . patients ' evaluation for tolerability and practicality showed that the Pentasa suppository was significantly superior to the Claversal suppository . 1 g suppository once daily induces a quicker clinical and sigmoidoscopic remission , and was better tolerated , than the Claversal 500 mg suppository b.d. , and it may represent an advance for the topical treatment of distal proctosigmoiditis ."
1991,Abstract #1991,"is a novel oral fixed-dose combination of netupitant ( NETU ) , a new highly selective neurokinin-1 ( NK1 ) receptor antagonist ( RA ) and palonosetron ( PALO ) , a pharmacologically and clinically distinct 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 ( 5-HT3 ) RA . study was designed to determine the appropriate clinical dose of NETU to combine with PALO for evaluation in the phase 3 NEPA program . randomized , double-blind , parallel group study in 694 chemotherapy nave patients undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy for solid tumors compared three different oral doses of NETU ( 100 , 200 , and 300 mg ) + PALO 0.50 mg with oral PALO 0.50 mg , all given on day 1 . standard 3-day aprepitant ( APR ) + IV ondansetron ( OND ) 32 mg regimen was included as an exploratory arm . patients received oral dexamethasone on days 1-4 . primary efficacy endpoint was complete response ( CR : no emesis , no rescue medication ) during the overall ( 0-120 h ) phase . NEPA doses showed superior overall CR rates compared with PALO ( 87.4 % , 87.6 % , and 89.6 % for NEPA100 , NEPA200 , and NEPA300 , respectively versus 76.5 % PALO ; P < 0.050 ) with the highest NEPA300 dose studied showing an incremental benefit over lower NEPA doses for all efficacy endpoints . was significantly more effective than PALO and numerically better than APR + OND for all secondary efficacy endpoints of no emesis , no significant nausea , and complete protection ( CR plus no significant nausea ) rates during the acute ( 0-24 h ) , delayed ( 25-120 h ) , and overall phases . events were comparable across groups with no dose response . percent of patients developing electrocardiogram changes was also comparable . NEPA dose provided superior prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting ( CINV ) compared with PALO following highly emetogenic chemotherapy ; however , NEPA300 was the best dose studied , with an advantage over lower doses for all efficacy endpoints . combination of NETU and PALO was well tolerated with a similar safety profile to PALO and APR + OND ."
1992,Abstract #1992,"assess the effect of a single intraoperative application of 750 cGy of beta irradiation on the outcome of trabeculectomy for uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma . prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . eyes of 61 Caucasian patients at low risk of filtering surgery failure , with poorly controlled primary or secondary open-angle glaucoma undergoing routine trabeculectomy . were randomly assigned to control or beta irradiation groups . patients underwent standard trabeculectomy with fornix-based conjunctival incision . assigned to beta irradiation received 750 cGy of beta irradiation directly over the sclerostomy site on completion of conjunctival suturing . identical but inactive applicator was applied to control eyes , delivering no radiation . operator and patient remained masked to the assignment for the 12-month follow-up period . main outcome measure was intraocular pressure ( IOP ) control . success of IOP control was defined as an IOP less than 21 mmHg at 12 months without need for additional medication . success was defined as an IOP less than 21 mmHg at 12 months where additional medication was required . success of IOP control was achieved in 19 ( 86 % ) control eyes and 35 ( 90 % ) irradiated eyes ( P = 1.0 ) . success of IOP control was achieved in 21 ( 95 % ) control eyes and 39 ( 100 % ) irradiated eyes at 12 months follow-up ( P = 1.0 ) experienced a very high success rate of filtration surgery in this select population without adjunctive irradiation . sample size was too small to show any improvement in success with use of beta irradiation in this group . studies would have to be done to determine whether it may have measurable benefit in cases with a high risk of filtration failure ."
1993,Abstract #1993,"hormone ( PTH ) has been shown to increase bone mineral density and to reduce the rate of fractures in patients with osteoporosis and also to improve fracture-healing . purpose of the present prospective , randomized , controlled study was to evaluate the effect of PTH 1-84 on the course of pelvic fracture-healing and functional outcome in postmenopausal women . patients had a dual x-ray absorptiometry scan , radiographs , and a computed tomography scan to document pelvic fractures . patients received a once-daily injection of 100 g of PTH 1-84 starting within two days after admission to the hospital , and forty-four patients served as the control group . patients received 1000 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D. Computed tomography scans were repeated every fourth week until radiographic evidence of cortical bridging at the fracture site was confirmed . outcome was assessed with use of a visual analog scale for pain and a Timed `` Up and Go '' test . mean time to fracture healing was 7.8 weeks for the treatment group , compared with 12.6 weeks for the control group ( p < 0.001 ) . eight weeks , all fractures in the treatment group were healed and four fractures in the control group were healed ( healing rate , 100 % compared with 9.1 % ; p < 0.001 ) . the visual analog scale score for pain and the result of the Timed `` Up and Go '' test improved in the study group as compared with the control group ( p < 0.001 ) . elderly patients with osteoporosis , PTH 1-84 accelerates fracture-healing in pelvic fractures and improves functional outcome ."
1994,Abstract #1994,"Clot Lysis Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Trial phase III is a multicenter , randomized clinical trial in the management and treatment of subjects with small intracerebral hemorrhage and large intraventricular hemorrhage . localization , segmentation , and quantification of hemorrhage are necessary for decision making and treatment . studies are aimed at developing algorithms for accurate and automatic hemorrhage segmentation for this trial . hundred one computed tomography scans of 41 patients with 2.5 - to 10-mm slice thickness from 10 hospitals were used . based on thresholding , clustering , and graph theory modified using textural energy-based normalization were used along with preprocessing ( filtering , skull stripping ) and postprocessing ( artifact removal ) . segmented results of each method are compared with the ground truths . median sensitivity , specificity , and dice statistical index ( DSI ) are 86.19 % , 99.94 % , and 0.8655 for modified thresholding ; 83.23 % , 99.93 % , and 0.8410 for modified fuzzy C-means ; and 87.28 % , 99.81 % , and 0.7917 for modified normalized cut method , respectively . preprocessing and postprocessing enhanced the DSI by 10 % and 3 % , respectively . of textural energy along with the Hounsfield value in the modified methods increased the DSI by about 8 % to 10 % . methods reduced the time needed for processing from 20 to 30 minutes to 2 to 3 minutes per case . modified thresholding provided the highest accuracy , least computation time , and implementation complexity compared with other 2 methods . method reduces the time to localize and segment the hemorrhagic regions and also provides quantitative information that is critical to precise therapeutic decision making ."
1995,Abstract #1995,"and fall-related injuries are a major public health concern , a financial challenge for health care providers , and critical issues for older adults . balance and limited mobility are major risk factors for falls . purpose of this study was to examine effects of Feldenkrais exercises in improving balance , mobility , and balance confidence in older adults . ( N = 47 , mean age 75.6 ) were randomly assigned to a Feldenkrais group ( FG , n = 25 ) or to a control group ( CG , n = 22 ) . FG group attended a 5-week Feldenkrais program , 60 minutes three times per week , while the CG group was a waitlist control . outcome measures were balance ( tandem stance ) , mobility ( Timed Up and Go ) , gait characteristics ( GAITRite Walkway System ) , balance confidence ( Balance Confidence Scale ; ABC ) , and fear of falling ( Falls Efficacy Scale ) . - and post-tests were conducted . completion of the program , balance ( p = 0.030 ) and mobility ( p = 0.042 ) increased while fear of falling ( p = 0.042 ) decreased significantly for the FG group . other significant changes were observed . , participants of the FG group showed improvements in balance confidence ( p = 0.054 ) and mobility while performing concurrently a cognitive task ( p = 0.067 ) . results indicate that Feldenkrais exercises are an effective way to improve balance and mobility , and thus offer an alternative method to help offset age-related declines in mobility and reduce the risk of falling among community-dwelling older adults . long-term follow-up study of balance and mobility is warranted . research is needed to identify whether Feldenkrais exercises may impact cognitive processes ."
1996,Abstract #1996,"may help prevent cardiac complications in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery and receiving chronic beta-blocker therapy . conducted a multicentre pilot randomized trial to estimate recruitment rates for a full-scale trial and to assess the safety and tolerability of combining clonidine with chronic beta-blockade . who were at elevated perioperative cardiac risk , receiving chronic beta-blockade , and scheduled for major non-cardiac surgery were recruited in a blinded ( participants , clinicians , outcome assessors ) placebo-controlled randomized trial at three Canadian hospitals . were randomized to clonidine ( 0.2 mg oral tablet one hour before surgery , plus 0.2 mgday ( -1 ) transdermal patch placed one hour before surgery and removed four days after surgery or hospital discharge , whichever came first ) or matching placebo . was evaluated based on recruitment rates , with each centre being required to recruit 50 participants within 12-18 months . , we reviewed study drug withdrawals and safety outcomes , including clinically significant hypotension or bradycardia . of the 168 participants were randomized to receive clonidine and 86 to receive placebo . average time to recruit 50 participants at each centre was 14.3 months . patients ( 7 % ) withdrew from clonidine , while four ( 5 % ) withdrew from placebo . on qualitative review , there were no major safety concerns related to clonidine . was a moderate overall rate of cardiac morbidity , with 18 participants ( 11 % ) suffering postoperative myocardial infarction . pilot randomized trial confirmed the feasibility , safety , and tolerability of a full-scale trial of oral and transdermal clonidine for reducing the risk of cardiac complications during non-cardiac surgery . trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov : NCT00335582 ."
1997,Abstract #1997,"serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] have been associated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes . study aimed to compare the effects of daily intake of vitamin D - or vitamin D ( 3 ) + calcium-fortified yogurt drink on glycemic status in subjects with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . diabetic subjects were randomly allocated to 3 groups to consume plain yogurt drink ( PY ; containing no vitamin D and 150 mg Ca/250 mL ) , vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink ( DY ; containing 500 IU vitamin D ( 3 ) and 150 mg Ca/250 mL ) , or vitamin D + calcium-fortified yogurt drink ( DCY ; containing 500 IU vitamin D ( 3 ) and 250 mg Ca/250 mL ) twice per day for 12 wk . serum glucose ( FSG ) , glycated hemoglobin ( Hb A ( 1c ) ) , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) , serum lipid profile , and percentage fat mass ( FM ) were assessed before ( baseline ) and after the intervention . both the DY and DCY groups , mean serum 25 ( OH ) D ( 3 ) improved ( +32.8 28.4 and +28.8 16.1 nmol/L , respectively ; P < 0.001 for both ) , but FSG [ -12.9 33.7 mg/dL ( P = 0.015 ) and -9.6 46.9 mg/dL ( P = 0.035 ) ] , Hb A ( 1c ) [ -0.4 1.2 % ( P < 0.001 ) and -0.4 1.9 % ( P < 0.001 ) ] , HOMA-IR [ -0.6 1.4 ( P = 0.001 ) and -0.6 3.2 ( P < 0.001 ) ] , waist circumference ( -3.6 2.7 and -2.9 3.3 ; P < 0.001 for both ) , and body mass index [ in kg/m ( 2 ) ; -0.9 0.6 ( P < 0.001 ) and -0.4 0.7 ( P = 0.005 ) ] decreased significantly more than in the PY group . inverse correlation was observed between changes in serum 25 ( OH ) D ( 3 ) and FSG ( r = -0.208 , P = 0.049 ) , FM ( r = -0.219 , P = 0.038 ) , and HOMA-IR ( r = -0.219 , P = 0.005 ) . intake of a vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink , either with or without added calcium , improved glycemic status in T2D patients . trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01229891 ."
1998,Abstract #1998,"histamine H ( 2 ) receptor antagonist ranitidine is US FDA-approved for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and healing of erosive esophagitis in children > or = 1 month of age . low-dose strength of ranitidine is now available in a citrus-flavored 25 mg effervescent tablet ( dissolved in 5 mL of water ) ; this formulation was developed to facilitate use in infants and smaller children . syrup is available in a peppermint-flavored 15 mg/mL formulation . compare taste preferences for ranitidine ( Zantac ) syrup and ranitidine effervescent tablets dissolved in water ( Zantac EFFERdose ) in healthy children aged 4-8 years and their adult caregivers . randomized , single-blind , crossover , taste test trial was conducted in 102 children and 102 parents/legal guardians . subjects received a single 45 mg dose of each formulation . tasting both preparations children were asked : `` Now that you have tasted both medicines , which one of these medicines do you think tastes better ? '' were asked four questions to assess whether they would administer the medication to the children . percent ( 72/102 ) of the children preferred the taste of the ranitidine effervescent tablets compared with 29 % ( 30/102 ) who preferred the syrup ( p < 0.001 ) . majority of adults ( 71 % ) responded that they would prefer to administer the effervescent formulation based on taste . events consistent with product labeling were mild and were reported in four children and three adults : headache ( n = 3 ) , drowsiness ( n = 1 ) , abdominal pain/cramps ( n = 2 ) , and bloating/gas ( n = 1 ) . taste of the ranitidine effervescent formulation dissolved in water is preferred over the ranitidine syrup . taste acceptance may facilitate ease of administration and compliance in pediatric patients ."
1999,Abstract #1999,"study examined the role of independence centrality ( the personal importance of being functionally independent ) in adapting to functional disability in persons with spinal cord injury ( SCI ) . assessed how changes in disability related to changes in depressive symptoms , the association between independence centrality and depressive symptoms , and the role of independence centrality in moderating the association between changes in disability and changes in depressive symptoms . data from a randomized controlled trial , we focused on 173 survivors of SCI who completed baseline and 12-month follow-up measures of independence centrality , disability ( activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living needs ) , and depressive symptoms . with our predictions , increased disability was related to increased depressive symptoms , and higher independence centrality was associated with more depressive symptoms at baseline . with the life span theory of control , SCI survivors with high independence centrality experienced more depressive symptoms when disability increased , but less depressive symptoms when disability decreased . of SCI with low independence centrality were less affected by changing levels of disability . with SCI with high independence centrality have higher levels of depressive symptoms and are more responsive to changes in functional status . the functional status trajectories of survivors of SCI , having low independence centrality may be adaptive because it facilitates disengagement from unattainable goals ."
2000,Abstract #2000,"aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Thymoglobulin ( a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody ) to Atgam ( a horse-derived polyclonal antibody ) for induction in adult renal transplant recipients . recipients ( n = 72 ) were randomized 2:1 in a double-blinded fashion to receive Thymoglobulin ( n = 48 ) at 1.5 mg/kg intravenously or Atgam ( n = 24 ) at 15 mg/kg intravenously , intraoperatively , then daily for at least 6 days . were observed for at least 1 year of follow-up . 1 year after transplantation , 4 % of Thymoglobulin-treated patients experienced acute rejection compared with 25 % of Atgam-treated patients ( P = 0.014 ) . rate of acute rejection was lower with Thymoglobulin than Atgam ( relative risk = 0.09 ; P = 0.009 ) . was less severe with Thymoglobulin than Atgam ( P = 0.02 ) . recurrent rejection occurred with Thymoglobulin compared with 33 % with Atgam ( P = NS ) . survival was not different , but the composite end point of freedom from death , graft loss , or rejection , the `` event-free survival , '' was superior with Thymoglobulin ( 94 % ) compared with Atgam ( 63 % ; P = 0.0005 ) . adverse events occurred with Thymoglobulin ( P = 0.013 ) . was more common with Thymoglobulin than Atgam ( 56 % vs. 4 % ; P < 0.0001 ) during induction . mean absolute lymphocyte count remained below baseline with Thymoglobulin throughout the study ( P < 0.007 ) , but with Atgam , significant lymphocyte reductions occurred only at day 7 . incidence of cytomegalovirus disease was less with Thymoglobulin than Atgam at 6 months ( 10 % vs. 33 % ; P = 0.025 ) . ( 7-day ) induction with Thymoglobulin resulted in less frequent and less severe rejection , a better event-free survival , less cytomegalovirus disease , fewer serious adverse events , but more frequent early leukopenia than induction with Atgam . results may in fact be explained by a more profound and durable beneficial lymphopenia ."
2001,Abstract #2001,"emergency department ( ED ) visit provides a window of opportunity for screening and linkage to services for inner-city adults with substance-use disorders ( SUDs ) . article examines predictors of intervention attendance among ED patients who screen positive for an SUD ( alcohol or other drug ) . part of a large randomized control trial , medical and injured patients ( ages 19-60 ) in an inner-city ED completed a computerized screening survey . on random assignment , those screening positive for an SUD either were scheduled to attend a post-discharge intervention or received a referral brochure . ( brief motivational intervention vs. case management intervention ) focused on linking participants to substance-use treatment . variables assessed included demographics , ED visit reason , health functioning , readiness to change , self-efficacy , and substance use . attendance ( yes/no ) was the dependent variable . , 957 ( 62.3 % male ; 58.3 % African-American ; M ( age ) = 33.2 years ) were randomized to interventions ( brief motivational intervention/case management intervention ) and are the focus of subsequent analyses . were no differences in the pattern of predictors of intervention attendance for brief motivational intervention versus case management intervention . analyses compared those who attended the post-ED intervention with those who did not attend . who attended the intervention ( 50 % ) were significantly more likely to be older , unmarried , insured , unemployed , and in the `` action '' stage of change . present findings highlight the relative importance of assessing and attending to readiness to change as well as demographic factors such as insurance and employment ( and potentially associated barriers ) in ED-based screening , brief intervention , and referral to treatment protocols ."
2002,Abstract #2002,"active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) provides dramatic health benefits for HIV-infected individuals in Africa , and widespread implementation of HAART is proceeding rapidly . is known about the cost and cost effectiveness of HAART programmes . determine the incremental cost effectiveness of a home-based HAART programme in rural Uganda . computer-based , deterministic cost-effectiveness model was used to assess a broad range of economic inputs and health outcomes . the societal perspective , the cost effectiveness of HAART and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was compared with cotrimoxazole alone , and with the period before either intervention . for 24 months were derived from a trial of home-based HAART in 1045 patients in the Tororo District in eastern Uganda . and outcomes were projected out to 15 years . costs are in year 2004 values . main outcome measures were HAART programme costs , health benefits accruing to HAART recipients , averted HIV infections in adults and children and the resulting effects on medical care costs . first-line HAART regimen consisted of standard doses of stavudine , lamivudine , and either nevirapine or , for patients with active tuberculosis , efavirenz . therapy consisted of tenofovir , didanosine and lopinavir/ritonavir . children , first-line HAART consisted of zidovudine , lamivudine and nevirapine syrup ; second-line therapy was stavudine , didanosine and lopinavir/ritonavir . HAART programme , standardized for 1000 patients , cost an incremental $ US1 .39 million in its first 2 years . with cotrimoxazole prophylaxis alone , the programme reduced mortality by 87 % , and averted 6861 incremental disability-adjusted life-years ( DALYs ) . were accrued from reduced mortality in HIV-infected adults ( 67.5 % of all benefits ) , prevention of death in HIV-negative children ( 20.7 % ) , averted HIV infections in adults ( 9.1 % ) and children ( 1.0 % ) , and improved health status ( 1.7 % ) . net programme cost , including the medical cost implications of these health benefits , was $ US4 .10 million . net cost per DALY averted was $ US597 compared with cotrimoxazole alone . HIV interventions have a cost-effectiveness ratio in the range of $ US1-150 per DALY averted . study suggests that a home-based HAART programme in rural Africa may be more cost effective than most previous estimates for facility-based HAART programmes , but remains less cost effective than many HIV prevention and care interventions , including cotrimoxazole prophylaxis ."
2003,Abstract #2003,"main aim was to analyse the long-term therapeutic effects on systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) patients of treatment with either ( i ) iloprost alone or ( ii ) low-dose oral cyclosporin A ( CyA ) associated with iloprost . secondary aim was to analyse interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) serum levels in SSc patients before and after 1 yr of treatment . clinical trial was performed in which 20 consecutive SSc patients were alternately randomized into two homogeneous groups receiving either monthly i.v. iloprost ( 1 ng/kg/min in 6 h i.v. infusion , for 5 consecutive days , 1 week per month ) ( Group I ) or low-dose CyA ( 2.5 mg/kg/day ) associated with iloprost administration ( Group II ) . concentrations were evaluated by ELISA in the sera of each patient before and after 1 yr of therapy and in 20 healthy subjects . 1 yr of therapy , a significant improvement of skin ( P = 0.008 ) , microvascular ( P = 0.004 ) and oesophageal ( P = 0.05 ) morphological and functional parameters was observed only in Group II patients . , after 1 yr of treatment , a significant reduction ( P = 0.007 ) of IL-6 serum concentration was observed only in Group II patients . , our data suggest that the combination of low-dose CyA with iloprost administration may be of clinical utility in SSc and that a mechanism of action of CyA in SSc may include the decrease in IL-6 production ."
2004,Abstract #2004,"investigate the correlation between cerebral white matter fraction anisotropy ( FA ) in normal human adults using the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance ( MR ) imaging ( DTI ) . adults with normal cerebral white matter MRI findings in 3 age groups ( n = 15 ) , namely 25 approximately 35 years ( young ) , 45 approximately 55 years ( middle-aged ) and 65 years or above ( elderly ) , underwent conventional MRI and diffusion tensor MR imaging . was measured in different regions of interest ( ROIs ) including the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum , posterior limb and anterior limb of the internal capsule , centrum semiovale , frontal white matter , thalamus and head of the caudate nucleus . FA values of the corresponding regions were similar between the left and right hemispheres . FA value in the genu of the corpus callosum , centrum semiovale and the frontal white matter decreased with age , showing significant differences between the 3 age groups ( P < 0.05 ) . FA value in the splenium of the corpus callosum decreased significantly with age , with significant differences between the elderly and young groups and between the elderly and middle-aged groups ( P < 0.05 ) . values in the posterior limb and anterior limb of the internal capsule also decreased significantly with age as shown by comparison between the elderly and young groups ( P < 0.05 ) . significant difference was found in the FA value of the thalamus and head of the caudate nucleus between the three groups ( P > 0.05 ) . FA values decrease with age , especially in the genu of corpus callosum , centrum semiovale and frontal white matter . patient 's age and age-related white matter degradation must be considered in DTI-based diagnosis of cerebral diseases ."
2005,Abstract #2005,"objective of this prespecified substudy of the AFFIRM study , in which no differences in survival or event rates were found in patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) randomized to either rate control or rhythm control , was to test the null hypothesis that quality of life ( QoL ) is equal with rate - versus rhythm-control treatment strategies in AF . ( 25 % ) of AFFIRM sites were randomly selected to recruit AFFIRM patients for the QoL substudy . used in the QoL assessment were ( 1 ) Perceived Health ; ( 2 ) the Cantril Ladder of Life ; ( 3 ) the Short Form 36 survey ; ( 4 ) the QoL Index ; and ( 5 ) the Symptom Checklist : Frequency and Severity . were collected at baseline , 2 months , 12 months , and annually ; data are reported through 4 years of follow-up . characteristics of the AFFIRM QoL patients ( n = 716 ) were generally similar to those of the rest of AFFIRM patients . scores were similar in rate - and rhythm-control assignment groups at all time points . scores were similar whether the actual rhythm was sinus or AF . increased from baseline to subsequent time points similarly for both groups ; these improvements were not additive over time . of life was comparable between rate - and rhythm-control treatment strategies . addition , QoL was similar with sinus rhythm versus AF . to improve QoL by restoring sinus rhythm will usually be unsuccessful ."
2006,Abstract #2006,"present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cognitive training in improving trained and untrained cognitive processes in schizophrenia . simple pre - and post experimental study with a three month follow-up was conducted to determine the efficacy of cognitive training in speed of processing and executive functions improving cognition in 22 schizophrenia patients . improvement was found in those cognitive domains specifically targeted in the training protocol , but also to a limited extent on verbal memory and social cognition . was also evidence of improvements in symptoms and social functioning . training effects failed to transfer to community functioning skills however . for social cognition , these improvements were maintained at 3month follow-up . study highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the transfer of skills as well as the maintenance of cognitive changes in individuals with schizophrenia ."
2007,Abstract #2007,"amoxicillin ( 50 mg/kg/day ) thrice daily is the first-line therapy for non-severe childhood pneumonia . could be enhanced if two daily doses are employed . assessed the equivalence of oral amoxicillin ( 50 mg/kg/day ) thrice or twice daily in those patients . randomized ( 1:1 ) , controlled , triple-blinded investigation conducted at one centre in Brazil included children aged 2-59 months with non-severe pneumonia diagnosed by trained paediatricians based on respiratory complaints and radiographic pulmonary infiltrate/consolidation . were randomly assigned to receive one bottle ( Amoxicillin 1 ) at 6 am , 2 pm and 10 pm and the other bottle ( Amoxicillin 2 ) at 8 am and 8 pm : one bottle contained amoxicillin and the other placebo and vice versa . the pharmacist knew patients ' allocation . assessments were done at 2 , 5 and 14 days after enrolment . radiographs were read by three independent radiologists . outcome was treatment failure ( development of danger signs , persistence of fever , tachypnoea , development of serious adverse reactions , death and withdrawal from the trial ) at 48 h. ClinicalTrials.gov : identifier NCT01200706 . hundred and twelve and 408 participants received amoxicillin thrice or twice daily , respectively . failure was detected in 94 ( 22.8 % ) and 94 ( 23.0 % ) patients in intention-to-treat analysis ( risk difference 0.2 % ; 95 % CI : -5.5 % -6.0 % ) and in 80 ( 20.1 % ) and 85 ( 21.3 % ) patients in per-protocol analysis ( risk difference 1.2 % ; 95 % CI : -4.4 % -6.8 % ) . was radiologically confirmed by concordant reading in 277 ( 33.8 % ) cases , among whom treatment failure was registered in 25/133 ( 18.8 % ) and 27/144 ( 18.8 % ) participants from the thrice and twice daily doses subgroups , respectively ( risk difference -0.05 % ; 95 % CI : -9.3 % -9.2 % ) . amoxicillin ( 50 mg/kg/day ) twice daily is as efficacious as thrice daily ."
2008,Abstract #2008,"relative influence of various risk factors for adverse events ( AE ) in analgesics users have never been precisely quantified . was taken of data generated in the paracetamol , aspirin and ibuprofen new tolerability ( PAIN ) study , a large randomized double-blinded trial of paracetamol , aspirin or ibuprofen for common pain in general practice to attempt this . and quantify factors associated with the occurrence of AE in users of analgesic drugs . logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors for all AE , clinically significant AE ( SAE ) and clinically significant gastro-intestinal AE ( GI SAE ) . the 8677 patients included in the study , 8633 contributed data . main risk factors for SAE were indication : compared to those treated for musculoskeletal pain , patients treated for menstrual pain had an odds ratio ( 95 % Confidence Interval ) of 0.4 ( 0.2-0 .7 ) , sore throat 0.6 ( 0.5-0 .8 ) , cold and flu 0.7 ( 0.6-0 .8 ) , headache 0.8 ( 0.7-1 .0 ) ; concomitant use of medication contra-indicated in the drugs ' labeling ( OR : 2.2 ; 1.6-2 .9 ) ; increasing number of other concomitant medications : 1 : OR 1.5 ( 1.3-1 .8 ) ; 2-3 : OR 1.9 ( 1.6-2 .3 ) ; more than 3 : OR ( 2.7 ; 2.1-3 .5 ) ; treatment with aspirin : OR 1.4 ; ( 1.2-1 .6 ) but not ibuprofen : OR 0.9 ; ( 0.8-1 .1 ) compared to paracetamol ; history of previous GI disorder OR 1.4 ( 1.0-1 .8 ) ; female gender : OR 1.3 ( 1.1-1 .4 ) . was not significantly associated with AE in the multivariate analysis . factors for all AE and GI SAE were mostly the same as for significant AE , but there were fewer GI SAE with ibuprofen than with paracetamol ( OR 0.8 ; 0.6-0 .9 ) . from the analgesic used and its indication , the main risk factors identified for AE in users of first-line analgesics for common pain were the number and nature of concomitant medication ."
2009,Abstract #2009,"paper reports a study to test the hypothesis that day surgery patients who listen to music during their preoperative wait will have statistically significantly lower levels of anxiety than patients who receive routine care . previous day surgery research suggests that music effectively reduces preoperative anxiety , methodological issues limit the generalizability of results . early 2004 , a randomized controlled trial design was conducted to assess anxiety before and after listening to patient preferred music . were allocated to an intervention ( n = 60 ) , placebo ( n = 60 ) or control group ( n = 60 ) . - and post-test measures of anxiety were carried out using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory . statistically significantly reduced the state anxiety level of the music ( intervention ) group . relationships were found between socio-demographic or clinical variables such as gender or type of surgery . findings support the use of music as an independent nursing intervention for preoperative anxiety in patients having day surgery ."
2010,Abstract #2010,", astemizole , cetirizine , and loratadine are compared in their abilities to produce relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis . aim of this study was to compare the onset of action and efficacy of the study medications . ragweed-sensitive subjects were primed with pollen in the Environmental Exposure Unit . entry required adequate symptoms over a 3 hour exposure to 5000 + / - 300 grains/m3 of ragweed pollen . the test day , subjects were given a single dose of either terfenadine 60 mg ( 22 ) , astemizole 10 mg ( 22 ) , cetirizine 10 mg ( 23 ) , loratadine 10 mg ( 22 ) , or placebo ( 22 ) when sufficiently symptomatic after a 60-minute exposure . levels were maintained and symptoms recorded every 30 minutes . of subjects with clinically important relief were cetirizine , 69.6 % ; terfenadine , 54.5 % ; loratadine , 50.0 % ; astemizole , 40.9 % ; and placebo , 31.8 % but differences were n't significant between treatment groups ( P = .119 ) . curves for times to onset of clinically important relief for the four treatment groups were not different ( P = .119 ) . realizing definitive relief were cetirizine , 65.2 % ; terfenadine , 45.5 % ; loratadine , 31.8 % ; placebo , 27.3 % ; and astemizole , 22.7 % ( P = .023 ) . analysis of onset time for definitive relief found significant differences ( P = .010 ) . ranking was cetirizine -- > terfenadine -- > loratadine -- > astemizole ( quickest to slowest ) . evaluation based on subject willingness to take the medication again yielded percentages : cetirizine , 82.6 % ; terfenadine , 66.7 % ; astemizole , 63.6 % ; loratadine , 40.9 % ; and placebo , 36.4 % ( P = .036 ) . and terfenadine continuously ranked higher in terms of onset of action and efficacy , while loratadine and astemizole ranked lower . was detected in definitive relief and relative efficacy ."
2011,Abstract #2011,"identify risk factors associated with best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) 1 year after initial surgery following primary vitrectomy ( PV ) and scleral buckling surgery ( SB ) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( RRD ) . the final BCVA at the 1-year follow-up visit to pre - and intraoperative findings in the `` randomized , prospective , multicenter clinical trial comparing scleral buckling versus primary vitrectomy for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment '' ( SPR Study ) using multivariate statistical methods . the phakic subtrial , final BCVA is associated with the number of breaks ( p = 0.0259 ) , duration of symptoms ( p = 0.0476 ) , baseline BCVA ( p = 0.0002 ) , retinal detachment central to major vessels arcades ( p = 0.0088 ) , total detachment ( p = 0.0027 ) , and chain formation of breaks ( p = 0.0129 ) . the pseudophakic/aphakic subtrial , final BCVA is related to the number of retinal breaks ( p = 0.0010 ) , secondary cataract or central capsular fibrosis ( p = 0.0141 ) , intraoperative laser photocoagulation ( p = 0.0373 ) , and inferior detachment with breaks below the 4 and 8 o'clock positions ( p = 0.0173 ) . BCVA is the most important outcome for patients undergoing RRD surgery . results demonstrate that the final BCVA is related to a higher preoperative number of breaks in both subtrials . risk factors varied between phakic and pseudophakic subgroups ."
2012,Abstract #2012,", sometimes combined with acustimulation at PC6 ( Neiguan ) , is commonly used for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting , but PC6 is not the only point that can be used for this purpose . evaluate the combined effects of ondansetron and ST36 ( Zusanli ) acupuncture point injection on postoperative vomiting ( POV ) after laparoscopic surgery . randomised , patient and assessor-blinded , placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted . hundred and sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to one of four groups : ( 1 ) group P ( placebo-control ) : intravenous normal saline + bilateral non-acupuncture point injection of vitamin B1 ( n = 40 ) ; ( 2 ) group O ( ondansetron ) : intravenous ondansetron + bilateral ST36 sham injection ( n = 40 ) ; ( 3 ) group A ( acupuncture point injection ) : intravenous normal saline + bilateral acupuncture point injection at ST36 of vitamin B1 ( n = 40 ) ; ( 4 ) group C ( combination ) : intravenous ondansetron + bilateral acupuncture point injection at ST36 of vitamin B1 ( n = 40 ) . were made on arrival at the postanaesthesia care unit . primary outcome was the incidence of POV within 24 h after the operation . outcomes included severity of vomiting , incidence of rescue treatment , patients ' satisfaction and the first anal exsufflation time 24 h after the operation . incidence of POV within 24 h postoperative period in each group was P 33 % ; O 11 % , A 9 % and C 6 % . for all intervention groups were significantly better than that for placebo ( p < 0.01 ) . the three interventions compared with placebo , the numbers needed to treat ( NNTs ) were O , NNT = 5 ; A , NNT = 5 and C , NNT = 4 . secondary outcomes also demonstrated greater benefits of the combined regimen , with improvement seen in all the measures . , acupuncture , and ondansetron and acupuncture combined are effective prophylaxis for POV ."
2013,Abstract #2013,"blockers may attenuate vasospasm after transient ischemia and improve organ blood flow after resuscitation . aim was to assess the effect of diltiazem on systemic oxygen delivery and consumption , hemodynamics , electroencephalogram ( EEG ) , and organ blood flow after restoration of spontaneous circulation . a 3-min period of asphyxial cardiac arrest , 14 pigs ( 20 to 27 kg ) were randomly allocated to treatment with either diltiazem ( 0.1 mg/kg bolus followed by an iv infusion of 0.025 mg/min/kg over 120 mins ) or placebo , given at 5 mins after successful resuscitation . blood flow was measured using tracer microspheres 120 mins after resumption of spontaneous circulation . systemic oxygen delivery index values at 30 , 60 , and 120 mins after restoration of spontaneous circulation were 18.2 mL/min/kg ( range 14.8 to 20.7 ) , 16.8 mL/min/kg ( 13.2 to 20.8 ) , and 19.6 mL/min/kg ( 16.9 to 21.0 ) , respectively , in the diltiazem group and 13.1 mL/min/kg ( 11.2 to 14.6 ) , 11.9 mL/min/kg ( 10.3 to 13.3 ) , and 14.7 mL/min/kg ( 11.4 to 17.2 ) , respectively , in the control group ( p less than .05 for all three comparisons ) . the same points in time , median systemic oxygen consumption indices were 3.2 mL/min/kg ( range 2.2 to 3.7 ) , 2.1 mL/min/kg ( 1.9 to 3.0 ) , and 2.6 mL/min/kg ( 1.8 to 3.8 ) in the diltiazem group and 2.8 mL/min/kg ( 2.1 to 4.0 ) , 2.7 mL/min/kg ( 1.7 to 4.3 ) , and 2.3 mL/min/kg ( 1.6 to 3.8 ) in the placebo group ( NS ) . enhanced the postarrest recovery of EEG total power . and left cerebral blood flow 120 mins after restoration of spontaneous circulation was significantly ( p less than .01 ) higher in the diltiazem group in comparison with the control group . causes an increase in systemic oxygen delivery index by promoting vasodilation , but it does not change systemic oxygen consumption index in comparison to placebo treatment . may be that an impairment in local autoregulation and/or in oxidative metabolism at the cellular or subcellular level was the reason why diltiazem did not improve these derangements . observed increase in cerebral blood flow and in EEG recovery may be beneficial to the brain after a period of asphyxia ."
2014,Abstract #2014,"agents used in angiography procedures for patients with cardiovascular disease are known to cause contrast-induced nephropathy ( CIN ) , which may be partially due to the production of nephrotoxic oxygen-free radicals . is uncertain whether administration of intravenous ( IV ) anti-oxidant , N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) , can prevent reduction in renal function and whether this is a cost-effective approach . day-only patients with renal impairment ( mean serum creatinine concentration 0.16 + / -0.03 mmol/l ) due to undergo coronary or peripheral angiography and/or stenting were randomly assigned to IV NAC 300 or 600 mg immediately before and after the procedure or IV fluid alone . the 60 patients with complete data , none had acute CIN ( increase in serum creatinine concentration > or = 0.044 mmol/l , 48 h after administration of contrast agent ) . patients ( 13 % ) have demonstrated an increase in their serum creatinine concentration > or = 0.044 mmol/l 30 days after administration of contrast agent : 2/19 ( 11 % ) in the control group , 2/21 ( 10 % ) in the 600 mg NAC group and 4/20 ( 20 % ) the 300 mg NAC group ( p = 0.66 ) . mean volumes of contrast agent used and prehydration given for each of the three groups did not differ significantly ( p > 0.83 ) . was significant improvement in creatinine clearance within each group from baseline to 30 days ( p < or = 0.03 ) , but no significant difference between the groups at 48 h and 30 days ( p > or = 0.43 ) . the cost of NAC and its administration , we estimate that this would translate to a saving of dollar 26,637 per annum . day-stay patients with mild-to-moderate chronic renal impairment undergoing angiography and/or intervention , prehydration alone is less complicated and more cost-effective than a combination of IV NAC ( at doses used ) and hydration ."
2015,Abstract #2015,"we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the intravenous anesthetics , etomidate , propofol , and ketamine , on the activity of human serum paraoxonase ( hPON1 ) . was purified from human serum using simple chromatographic methods , including DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography . three anesthetics dose-dependently decreased in vitro hPON1 activity . mechanisms are : etomidate was noncompetitive , propofol was competitive , and ketamine was uncompetitive . vivo studies were performed on five patients for each drug . was significantly inhibited by 0.3 mg/kg etomidate ( p < 0.05 ) , 2 mg/kg propofol ( p < 0.001 ) , and 1 mg/kg ketamine ( p < 0.05 ) for up to 5 min following intravenous administration . results showed that anesthetics significantly inhibit hPON1 activity , both in vitro and in vivo , with rank order etomidate > propofol > ketamine in vitro , and propofol > etomidate > ketamine in vivo ."
2016,Abstract #2016,"purpose of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics of subjects and methods for a multicenter , randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of contact lens wear and spectacle wear on children 's self-perception . subjects are randomly assigned to wear glasses or contact lenses throughout the 3-year study . are measured 1 month after randomization and every 6 months using the Self-Perception Profile for Children ( SPPC ) . 's satisfaction with spectacles and refractive error-related visual quality of life are also measured using surveys developed for the study . acuity , cycloplegic autorefraction , corneal curvature , and axial dimensions are measured annually . clinical sites enrolled 484 subjects with a mean ( + / - standard deviation [ SD ] ) age of 10.4 + / - 1.1 years . three-fifths of the subjects are girls , 47.1 % of the subjects are white , 21.5 % are black , and 21.5 % are Hispanic . mean ( + / - SD ) cycloplegic spherical equivalent autorefraction of the right eye is -2.38 + / - 1.04 D , and the average ( + / - SD ) axial length of the right eye is 24.32 + / - 0.77 mm . average ( + / - SD ) Global Self-Worth score on the SPPC is 3.20 + / - 0.62 on a scale from one ( low perceived competence ) to 4 ( high perceived competence ) . average ( + / - SD ) spectacle satisfaction is 59.1 + / - 26.6 on a scale from zero ( no satisfaction ) to 100 ( perfect satisfaction ) . average refractive error-related quality of life score is 63.5 + / - 12.8 on a scale from zero ( poor quality of life ) to 100 ( excellent quality of life ) . enrolling in the ACHIEVE Study are an ethnically diverse group of young myopic children . characteristics of the sample are consistent with data presented in other randomized clinical trials evaluating treatments for myopic children . data reported here represent the baseline data for a 3-year randomized clinical trial to investigate the effects of contact lens vs. spectacle wear on children 's self-perceptions ."
2017,Abstract #2017,"investigate the long-term ( 6 - and 12-month ) effects of the Strong Healthy Women intervention on health-related behaviors , weight and body mass index ( BMI ) , and weight gain during pregnancy . Healthy Women is a small-group behavioral intervention for pre - and interconceptional women designed to modify key risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes ; pretest-posttest findings from a randomized , controlled trial have been previously reported . following questions are addressed : 1 ) were significant pretest-posttest changes in health-related behaviors ( previously reported ) maintained over the 12-month follow-up period ; 2 ) did the intervention impact weight and BMI over the 12-month follow-up period ; and 3 ) did the intervention impact pregnancy weight gain for those who gave birth during the follow-up period ? are from 6 - and 12-month follow-up telephone interviews of women in the original trial of the Strong Healthy Women intervention ( n = 362 ) and from birth records for singleton births ( n = 45 ) during the 12-month follow-up period . measures regression was used to evaluate intervention effects . the 12-month follow-up , participants in the Strong Healthy Women intervention were significantly more likely than controls to use a daily multivitamin with folic acid and to have lower weight and BMI . intervention 's effect on reading food labels for nutritional values dropped off between the 6 - and 12-month follow-up . those who gave birth to singletons during the follow-up period , women who participated in the intervention had lower average pregnancy weight gain compared with controls . the intervention effect was no longer significant when controlling for pre-pregnancy obesity , the adjusted means show a trend toward lower weight gain in the intervention group . findings provide important evidence that the Strong Healthy Women behavior change intervention is effective in modifying important risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes and may improve an important pregnancy outcome , weight gain during pregnancy . the intervention seems to help women manage their weight in the months after the intervention and during pregnancy , it may be an effective obesity prevention strategy for women before , during , and after the transition to motherhood ."
2018,Abstract #2018,"who are socioeconomically disadvantaged and people with emotional problems have a poorer prognosis for cardiovascular disease . authors wanted to examine : ( 1 ) what effect household income , emotional status , high-risk smoking status , and severity of heart disease had on the ability of individuals to make dietary and exercise improvements after heart disease and ( 2 ) to what extent unfavourable lifestyle outcomes among disadvantaged people were mediated by motivational problems . two-year follow-up study of the combined cohorts of a randomized controlled trial . of exercise and present dietary habits were measured at inclusion and after 6 and 24 months . motivational factors and emotional distress were measured during rehabilitation . self-regulation was lowest among smokers ( b = -0.31 , p = 0.02 ) and female participants ( b = 0.39 , p = 0.004 ) . with high scores of emotional distress predicted lower motivation for all the measures . found no association between socioeconomic status ( household income ) and the ability to perform lifestyle changes . smoking status predicted lower ability to obtain lifestyle changes on all measures . distress was related to lower ability to increase physical activity at 6 months ' but not at 24 months ' follow-up . mediating effects of motivational factors were insignificant . results of this study do not support the suspicion that preventive efforts accentuate the socioeconomic differences in cardiovascular health . efforts after heart disease should safeguard that high-risk groups such as smokers are not discouraged from improving their lifestyle in other areas ."
2019,Abstract #2019,"investigated the long-term effect of a single 5-day application of intranasal mupirocin calcium ointment on Staphylococcus aureus nasal and hand colonization . subjects were 68 healthy volunteers who were health care workers with stable S aureus nasal carriage and who had participated in a randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of intranasal mupirocin ointment . 1-year prospective cohort study of S aureus nasal carriers after treatment with active drug or placebo was performed . were obtained from all subjects 6 and 12 months after therapy . subjects returned for the 6-month visit ; 63 ( 93 % ) were examined at 1 year . major outcome measure was the relative proportion of any S aureus cultured at either site at 6 and 12 months . S aureus isolates were typed by restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA and by antibiotic susceptibility tests ; the similarity of nasal and hand isolate `` fingerprints '' was compared . 6 months , nasal carriage was 48 % in the treatment group vs 72 % in controls ( relative risk , 0.68 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.45 to 1.02 ; P = .054 ) ; at 1 year , nasal carriage was 53 % vs 76 % , respectively ( relative risk , 0.70 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.48 to 1.02 ; P = .056 ) . carriage at 6 months was significantly reduced among mupirocin recipients relative to controls ( 15 % and 48 % ; P = .04 , adjusted for the baseline rate of hand carriage ) . percent of treated subjects were recolonized in the nares with a new strain at 1 year , whereas 34 % had reisolation of the original strain after initially negative posttherapy cultures . the year of follow-up , hand carriage was observed at least once in two thirds of the subjects . all of the hand isolates ( 87 % ) exactly matched the subjects ' coincident nasal plasmid fingerprint and antibiogram type . single brief treatment course of intranasal mupirocin was effective in reducing nasal S aureus carriage for up to 1 year . S aureus was recovered after nasal decolonization , the new isolate was as likely to represent colonization with a new strain as reisolation of the original strain . aureus hand carriage was significantly decreased 6 months after therapy , further implicating the nares as the primary reservoir site for hand carriage ."
2020,Abstract #2020,"investigate safety and evidence of efficacy of IBI-20089 , an intravitreal , liquid , sustained drug delivery system formulated with triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) in combination with ranibizumab ( Lucentis ) for neovascular age related macular degeneration . received a single intravitreal injection of IBI-20089 containing either 6.9 mg ( 25L ) TA or 13.8 mg ( 50L ) TA followed a week later by intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg ranibizumab . were followed monthly and underwent best corrected visual acuity testing , slit lamp biomicroscopy , dilated ophthalmoscopy , fundus photos and optical coherence tomography . received pro re nata dosing of ranibizumab . ranged in age from 59 years to 81years ( mean 73.4 years ) and all completed 1year follow-up . serious related adverse events occurred . adverse events included mild , transient , elevated intraocular pressure in eight patients and cataract progression in three of the five phakic patients . 1year , 30 of a total 120 ( 25 % ) possible pro re nata re-Rx 's had been given . therapy resulted in a median number of 3.5 re-treatments at and including month 12 . therapy IBI-20089 and ranibizumab was well-tolerated and resulted in fewer ranibizumab retreatments . intraocular pressure elevation and cataract progression occurred . ."
2021,Abstract #2021,"containing three nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors offer an alternative to regimens containing nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors for the initial treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) infection , but data from direct comparisons are limited . randomized , double-blind study involved three antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of subjects infected with HIV-1 : zidovudine-lamivudine-abacavir , zidovudine-lamivudine plus efavirenz , and zidovudine-lamivudine-abacavir plus efavirenz . enrolled a total of 1147 subjects with a mean baseline HIV-1 RNA level of 4.85 log10 ( 71,434 ) copies per milliliter and a mean CD4 cell count of 238 per cubic millimeter were enrolled . scheduled review by the data and safety monitoring board with the use of prespecified stopping boundaries led to a recommendation to stop the triple-nucleoside group and to present the results in the triple-nucleoside group in comparison with pooled data from the efavirenz groups . a median follow-up of 32 weeks , 82 of 382 subjects in the triple-nucleoside group ( 21 percent ) and 85 of 765 of those in the combined efavirenz groups ( 11 percent ) had virologic failure ; the time to virologic failure was significantly shorter in the triple-nucleoside group ( P < 0.001 ) . difference was observed regardless of the pretreatment HIV-1 RNA stratum ( at least 100,000 copies per milliliter or below this level ; P < or = 0.001 for both comparisons ) . in the CD4 cell count and the incidence of grade 3 or grade 4 adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups . this trial of the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection , the triple-nucleoside combination of abacavir , zidovudine , and lamivudine was virologically inferior to a regimen containing efavirenz and two or three nucleosides ."
2022,Abstract #2022,"determine if repetitive administration of hCG causes decreased pregnancy wastage rates in patients who are at a high risk of luteal inadequacy . induction using human menopausal gonadotropin ( hMG ) / human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) or clomiphene citrate ( CC ) is associated with luteal phase defects that may cause increased pregnancy wastage . increased risk of abortion exists also in pregnancies in patients with previous repeated miscarriage , women older than 37 years , and various causes of infertility such as hyperprolactinemia . the presumed common denominator to the increased rate of pregnancy wastage in all these cases is luteal dysfunction , repetitive hCG administration , 2,500 U two times weekly , was carried out between the 4th and 8th week of gestation in 249 cases of ovulation induction and/or previous abortions , whereas 198 gestations served as controls ( no hCG administration ) . the hCG treatment group , 43 ended in miscarriage ( 17.3 % ) versus 97 abortions in the control group ( 49 % , P less than 0.01 ) . 160 cases of hMG/hCG generated gestations , 94 received hCG and 66 did not . pregnancy wastage rates were 21.3 % and 42.4 % , respectively ( P less than 0.05 ) . 144 cases of CC/hCG-induced pregnancies , 95 received hCG and 49 served as controls . respective abortion rates were 15.8 % and 44.8 % ( P less than 0.01 ) . remaining 143 spontaneous conceptions occurred in infertile patients with previous repeated abortions . 60 of these conceptions , hCG was administered during the first 4 weeks of gestation and 83 cases served as control . pregnancy wastage rates were 13.3 % versus 56.6 % , respectively ( P less than 0.001 ) . administration of hCG during the early gestation in cases that are at high risk of luteal inadequacy may significantly decrease the pregnancy wastage rate ."
2023,Abstract #2023,"of deep-vein thrombosis ( DVT ) with a once-daily regimen of enoxaparin , rather than a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin ( UFH ) is more convenient and allows for home care in some patients . study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of these two regimens for the treatment of patients with proximal lower limb DVT . patients with proximal lower limb DVT from 13 centers in Brazil were randomized in an open manner to receive either enoxaparin [ 1.5 mg/kg subcutaneous ( s.c. ) OD ] or intravenous ( i.v. ) UFH ( adjusted to aPTT 1.5-2 .5 times control ) for 5-10 days . patients also received warfarin ( INR 2-3 ) for at least 3 months . primary efficacy endpoint was recurrent DVT ( confirmed by venography or ultrasonography ) , and safety endpoints included bleeding and serious adverse events . rate of pulmonary embolism ( PE ) was also collected . was at the physician 's discretion . patient characteristics were comparable between groups . duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter with enoxaparin than with UFH ( 3 versus 7 days ) . addition , 36 % of patients receiving enoxaparin did not need to be hospitalized , whereas all of the patients receiving UFH were hospitalized . treatment duration was slightly longer with enoxaparin ( 8 versus 7 days ) . was a nonsignificant trend toward a reduction in the rate of recurrent DVT with enoxaparin versus UFH , and similar safety . once-daily regimen of enoxaparin 1.5 mg/kg subcutaneous is at least as effective and safe as conventional treatment with a continuous intravenous infusion of UFH . , the once daily enoxaparin regimen is easier to administer ( subcutaneous versus intravenous ) , does not require aPTT monitoring , and leads to both a reduced number of hospital admissions and an average 4-day-shorter hospital stay ."
2024,Abstract #2024,"evaluate the cost effectiveness of a 4.5 year education campaign that promoted farmers ' adoption of rollover protective structures ( ROPS ) to prevent tractor overturn injuries . controlled trial , decision analysis , and cost effectiveness analysis . treatment county and one control county in the State of Kentucky . campaign by a local tractor and equipment dealership to encourage farmers to purchase and install ROPS and seatbelt retrofit kits for older tractors . of injuries averted and cost per injury averted . dealership 's 4.5 year intervention was shown to potentially reduce both fatal ( 0.26 ) and non-fatal ( 1.50 ) injuries by 2.6 % in its county over the intervention period using a 20 year analytic horizon . extrapolated statewide , 6.7 lives would be saved and 39 non-fatal injuries would be averted over the combined 24.5 year combined intervention period and analytic horizon . intervention for this period was cost effective with a `` savings '' of 35,713 dollars per injury ( fatal plus non-fatal ) averted at a 4 % discount rate . manufacturer promotions can influence their dealerships to promote ROPS retrofits by their customers . manufacturer backed dealer ROPS retrofit campaign was cost effective in reducing overturn related injuries ."
2025,Abstract #2025,"is efficacious for erectile dysfunction in men with spinal cord injury ( SCI ) , but can induce hypotension in neurologically intact people . with SCI at or above the sixth thoracic level ( T6 ) often have pre-existing hypotension , yet the cardiovascular response to sildenafil has not been studied in this group . evaluate the effect of sildenafil on the cardiovascular response in men with complete SCI at or above T6 . was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , cross-over study . SCI participants were each randomly given placebo ; sildenafil , 50 mg ; and sildenafil , 100 mg ; separated by at least 1 week . following were measured before administration , and hourly for 4 hours afterward : ( a ) blood pressure ( BP ) and heart rate ( HR ) , both supine and sitting ; and ( b ) perceived dizziness on a visual analog scale upon sitting . was done using a 4-way repeated-measures analysis of variance . significant changes occurred with placebo . caused the following changes . BP changed little in thoracic spinal cord-injured ( TSCI ) participants , but decreased significantly ( P < 0.005 ) in cervical spinal cord-injured ( CSCI ) participants . BP decreased in all participants ( P < 0.005 ) . increased in the TSCI participants for 1 hour ( P < 0.05 ) , but was not altered in the CSCI participants . increased in the TSCI participants after administration of 100 mg ( P < 0.05 ) and in the CSCI participants after administration of 50 mg ( P < 0.05 ) . were no adverse events or outcomes . induces significant hypotension in people with cervical-level injuries -- more so than in thoracic-level injuries -- and can cause dizziness in both populations . should be prescribed with caution and informed consent from the patient ."
2026,Abstract #2026,"test the hypothesis that the efficacy and toxicity of suramin in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer was dose dependent . were randomized with equal probability to receive low - , intermediate - , or high-dose suramin ( total doses 3.192 , 5.320 , and 7.661 g/m ( 2 ) , respectively ) . survival , time to progression , and response rate ( prostate-specific antigen [ PSA ] and objective ) for each treatment arm were compared . between plasma suramin concentrations and response , toxicity , and survival were also evaluated . hundred ninety patients were randomized . the low - , intermediate - , and high-dose arms , the median survival time was 16 , 14 , and 13 months , respectively ( P = .49 ) . objective response rate was 9 % , 7 % , and 15 % , respectively ( P = .10 ) . response rates were 24 % , 28 % , and 34 % , respectively ( P = .082 ) . analyses of a 50 % decline in PSA at 20 weeks showed a significant correlation with survival . was a dose-response relationship between dose and toxicity . adjusting for treatment arm , the measured suramin concentration was not associated with clinical response , PSA response , survival , or toxicity . high-dose suramin was associated with higher objective and PSA response rates , these were not statistically significant . , no dose-response relationship was observed for survival or progression-free survival , but toxicity was increased with the higher dose . treated with the low-dose level experienced modest toxicity , making it the preferred arm on this study . lack of a dose-response relationship and the toxicity profile observed raise questions regarding the utility of suramin , particularly high-dose suramin , as administered on this schedule ."
2027,Abstract #2027,"research is concerned with bridging the gap between evidence and practice through the study of methods to promote the uptake of research into routine practice . quality evidence has been summarised into guideline recommendations to show that peri-operative fasting times could be considerably shorter than patients currently experience . objective of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of three strategies for the implementation of recommendations about peri-operative fasting . pragmatic cluster randomised trial underpinned by the PARIHS framework was conducted during 2006 to 2009 with a national sample of UK hospitals using time series with mixed methods process evaluation and cost analysis . were randomised to one of three interventions : standard dissemination ( SD ) of a guideline package , SD plus a web-based resource championed by an opinion leader , and SD plus plan-do-study-act ( PDSA ) . primary outcome was duration of fluid fast prior to induction of anaesthesia . outcomes included duration of food fast , patients ' experiences , and stakeholders ' experiences of implementation , including influences . was used to test differences over time and interventions . acute NHS hospitals participated . timepoints , 3,505 duration of fasting observations were recorded . significant effect of the interventions was observed for either fluid or food fasting times . effect size was 0.33 for the web-based intervention compared to SD alone for the change in fluid fasting and was 0.12 for PDSA compared to SD alone . process evaluation showed different types of impact , including changes to practices , policies , and attitudes . rich picture of the implementation challenges emerged , including inter-professional tensions and a lack of clarity for decision-making authority and responsibility . was a large , complex study and one of the first national randomised controlled trials conducted within acute care in implementation research . evidence base for fasting practice was accepted by those participating in this study and the messages from it simple ; however , implementation and practical challenges influenced the interventions ' impact . set of conditions for implementation emerges from the findings of this study , which are presented as theoretically transferable propositions that have international relevance . -- Peri-operative Implementation Study Evaluation ( POISE ) ."
2028,Abstract #2028,"conducted a prospective study to examine the safety and efficacy of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline in patients with interstitial cystitis ( IC ) . study comprised 44 women and 6 men who all met the symptom criteria of the National Institute of Diabetes , Digestive and Kidney Diseases for IC . patients were randomly assigned to amitriptyline or placebo . were prospectively treated for 4 months with a self-titration protocol that allowed them to escalate drug dosage in 25 mg increments in 1 week-intervals ( maximum dosage 100 mg ) . change from baseline in the O'Leary-Sant IC symptom and problem index was the primary outcome parameter . in functional bladder capacity and frequency ( 48-hour voiding log ) , and intensity of pain and urgency ( visual analog scales ) were chosen as secondary outcome parameters . patients ( 1 on amitriptyline , 1 on placebo ) dropped out of the study due to side effects . , the data of 48 patients ( 24 patients in each group ) were available for evaluation . symptom score decreased from 26.9 to 18.5 in the amitriptyline group compared with 27.6 to 24.1 in the placebo group ( p = 0.005 ) . and urgency intensity improved statistically significantly in the amitriptyline group compared with the placebo group ( p < 0.001 ) . frequency and functional bladder capacity improved to a much greater degree in the amitriptyline group but the differences were not statistically significant ( p = 0.063 , p = 0.083 ) . side effects were reported by all except 2 patients in the amitriptyline group ( 92 % ) and by 5 patients in the placebo group ( 21 % ) . dryness was the most frequent side effect reported in the amitriptyline group ( 79 % ) . therapy for 4 months is safe and effective for treating IC . statistically significant change in the symptom score and statistically significant improvement of pain and urgency intensity compared with placebo were observed . side effects constitute the major drawback of amitriptyline treatment for IC ."
2029,Abstract #2029,"evaluate the effect of exogenous luteinizing hormone in in vitro fertilization cycles with depot GnRH agonist and low residual LH levels . randomized clinical trial . Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Medical Faculty and L. Pasteur University Hospital Kosice the prospective randomized clinical trial the effect of exogenous LH on outcomes of assisted reproduction was evaluated . total number of 68 in vitro fertilization cycles in normogonadotrophic women undergoing assisted reproduction with GnRH agonist down-regulation and recombinant FSH controlled ovarian stimulation were included . all cycles the low residual LH level in the middle of stimulation was detected . cycles were randomized into three groups . first group was stimulated with pure recombinant FSH . the second group the exogenous LH activity in the form of human menotrophin was added . in the third group the human recombinant LH was added . outcomes of assisted reproduction were detected in both groups with exogenous LH activity . these results , except the dosage of FSH , were not statistically significant . increase of pregnancy rate by more than one fifth in these both groups can be considered as clinically relevant . can not be positively proved at the base of our results that exogenous LH activity in cycles with low residual LH level can improve outcomes of assisted reproduction . could be appropriate in the future to select women that can profit from exogenous LH activity according to other parameters not only to the LH serum level ."
2030,Abstract #2030,"the brevity of the procedure , bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube placement ( BMT ) can result in significant postoperative pain and discomfort . the procedure is frequently performed without intravenous access , non-parenteral routes of administration are frequently used for analgesia . current study prospectively compares the efficacy of intranasal ( IN ) dexmedetomidine with IN fentanyl for children undergoing BMT . prospective , double-blinded , randomized clinical trial included pediatric patients undergoing BMT . patients were randomized to receive either IN dexmedetomidine ( 1 g/kg ) or fentanyl ( 2 g/kg ) after the induction of general anesthesia with sevoflurane . patients received rectal acetaminophen ( 40 mg/kg ) and the first 50 patients also received premedication with oral midazolam . pain and recovery were assessed using pediatric pain and recovery scales , and any adverse effects were monitored for . study cohort included 100 patients who ranged in age from 1 to 7.7 years and in weight from 8.6 to 37.4 kg . were divided into 4 groups with 25 patients in each group : ( 1 ) midazolam premedication + IN dexmedetomidine ; ( 2 ) midazolam premedication + IN fentanyl ; ( 3 ) no premedication + IN dexmedetomidine ; and ( 4 ) no premedication + IN fentanyl . scores were comparable when comparing groups 2 , 3 and 4 , but were higher in group 1 ( midazolam premedication with IN dexmedetomidine ) . was no difference in total time in the post-anesthesia care unit ( PACU ) or time from arrival in the PACU until hospital discharge between the 4 groups . heart rate ( HR ) was significantly lower in group 3 when compared to the other groups at several different times after arrival to the PACU . clinically significant difference was noted in blood pressure . BMT , when no premedication is administered , there was no clinical advantage when comparing IN dexmedetomidine ( 1 g/kg ) to IN fentanyl ( 2 g/kg ) . addition of oral midazolam as a premedication worsened the outcome measures particularly for children receiving IN dexmedetomidine ."
2031,Abstract #2031,"phase II study evaluated the synthetic DNA-based immunomodulator and Toll-like receptor 9 agonist MGN1703 as maintenance treatment in metastatic colorectal carcinoma ( mCRC ) . patients with mCRC and disease control after standard first-line chemotherapy were randomised to MGN1703 60mg ( N = 43 ) or placebo ( N = 16 ) . hazard ratio ( HR ) for the primary endpoint [ progression-free survival ( PFS ) from the start of maintenance ] was 0.56 ( 95 % CI 0.29-1 .08 ; P = 0.07 ) and 0.55 ( 95 % CI 0.3-1 .0 ; P = 0.04 ) by independent and investigator review , respectively . significantly improved PFS measured from the start of induction therapy versus placebo on independent ( HR 0.49 ; 95 % CI 0.26-0 .94 ; P = 0.03 ) and investigator review ( HR 0.50 ; 95 % CI 0.31-1 .02 ; P = 0.02 ) . survival ( OS ) data remain immature ( HR 95 % ; 95 % CI 0.3-1 .5 ; P = 0.29 ) with 28/43 patients alive after a medium follow-up of > 17months . subgroup analysis showed a significant effect of MGN1703 on PFS versus placebo in patients with greater than median tumour size reduction and normalised carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations following induction therapy , and in patients with elevated activated NKT cells3 .08 % . events were mild to moderate and limited to injection-site reactions or linked to general immune system activation . maintenance treatment was well tolerated and appears to induce durable and prolonged PFS and disease control in a subgroup of patients with mCRC following induction therapy . NKT cells may be a predictive biomarker for selecting patients likely to benefit more from MGN1703 ."
2032,Abstract #2032,"examine whether training GPs in motivational interviewing ( MI ) can improve type 2 diabetic patients ' ( 1 ) understanding of diabetes , ( 2 ) beliefs regarding prevention and treatment , and ( 3 ) motivation for behaviour change . randomized controlled trial including 65 GPs and 265 type 2 diabetic patients . GPs were randomized in two groups , one with and one without MI training . groups received training in target-driven intensive treatment of type 2 diabetic patients . intervention was a 1 ( 1/2 ) - day residential course in MI with ( 1/2 ) - day follow-up twice during the first year . patient data stemmed from previously validated questionnaires . Health Care Climates Questionnaire assesses the patient-doctor relationship and type of counselling . Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire assesses the degree to which behaviour tends to be self-determined . Diabetes Illness Representation Questionnaire assesses beliefs and understanding of type 2 diabetes . Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities assesses the extent of various self-care activities related to type 2 diabetes . response rate to our questionnaires was 87 % . in the intervention group were significantly more autonomous and motivated in their inclination to change behaviour after one year compared with the patients from the control group . in the intervention group were also significantly more conscious of the importance of controlling their diabetes , and had a significantly better understanding of the possibility of preventing complications . improved type 2 patients ' understanding of diabetes , their beliefs regarding treatment aspects , their contemplation on and motivation for behaviour change . our results can be sustained long term and are clinically relevant in terms of changes in risk profile advocates further research ."
2033,Abstract #2033,"the present study , we assessed the relationship between serum folate , vitamin B12 , and homocysteine levels and clinical response in patients with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) who had previously failed to respond to open treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg/day and were enrolled in a 4-week , double-blind trial of either ( 1 ) fluoxetine dose increase , ( 2 ) lithium augmentation of fluoxetine , or ( 3 ) desipramine augmentation of fluoxetine . outpatients ( mean + / - SD age = 41.7 + / - 10.6 years ; 50.9 % women ) with MDD as assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R who were enrolled in the double-blind trial had serum folate , vitamin B12 , and homocysteine measurements completed at baseline ( prior to fluoxetine treatment initiation ) . levels were classified as either low ( < or = 2.5 ng/mL ) or normal . B12 levels were classified as either low ( < or = 200 pg/mL ) or normal . levels were classified as either elevated ( > or = 13.2 micromol/L ) or normal . the use of a logistic regression , we then assessed the relationship between ( 1 ) low or normal folate levels , ( 2 ) normal or low B12 levels , and ( 3 ) elevated or normal homocysteine levels and clinical response to double-blind treatment . study was conducted from November 1992 to January 1999 . serum folate levels ( chi2 = 3.626 , p = .04 ) , but not elevated homocysteine ( p > .05 ) or low vitamin B12 levels ( p > .05 ) , were associated with poorer response to treatment . response rates for patients with ( N = 14 ) and without ( N = 38 ) low folate levels were 7.1 % versus 44.7 % , respectively . serum folate levels were found to be associated with further treatment resistance among patients with fluoxetine-resistant MDD ."
2034,Abstract #2034,"vaccination strategies are required to combat future influenza pandemics . we report the results of three independent clinical trials performed in Japan to assess the immunogenicity , tolerability and safety of varying doses of a cell culture-derived MF59 ( ) - adjuvanted A/H1N1 pandemic vaccine in healthy Japanese paediatric , adult and elderly subjects . hundred and twenty-three children ( 6 months-18 years ) , and 200 adults ( 19-60 years ) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses of vaccine containing either 7.5 g antigen with a full ( 9.75 mg ) adjuvant dose , or 3.75 g antigen with a half ( 4.875 mg ) adjuvant dose . hundred elderly ( 61 years ) subjects received only the low antigen/adjuvant vaccine formulation . was assessed by haemagglutination inhibition assay at baseline and three weeks after the first and second vaccine doses on Days 22 and 43 , respectively . and unsolicited adverse reactions were recorded for seven and 21 days post-immunization , respectively . adult and elderly subjects , a single low antigen/adjuvant dose vaccination was sufficient to meet all of the three European licensure criteria established for influenza vaccines . high , or two low antigen/adjuvant dose vaccinations were required to meet the licensure criteria in paediatric subjects . vaccine formulations were well tolerated , with the majority of adverse reactions mild to moderate in severity . of the five serious adverse events reported throughout the three trials were considered to be vaccine-related by the investigators . use of MF59 adjuvant allows for much reduced vaccine antigen content , and a single dose administration schedule in adults and the elderly . production of pandemic vaccine using modern cell culture techniques is highly advantageous in terms of the quantity , quality , and rapidity of antigen production ; these benefits , in combination with the use of MF59 , maximize manufacturing capacity and global vaccine supply . data support the suitability of the investigational vaccine for use in the Japanese paediatric , adult , and elderly populations ."
2035,Abstract #2035,"investigate whether saline pushing after contrast material improves hepatic vascular and parenchymal enhancement , and to determine whether this technique permits decreased contrast material concentration . patients who underwent hepatic multidetector computed tomography were divided randomly into four groups ( Groups A-D ) : receiving 100 ml of contrast material ( 300 mgI/ml ) only ( A ) or with 50 ml of saline solution ( B ) ; or 100 ml of contrast material ( 350 mgI/ml ) only ( C ) or with 50 ml of saline solution ( D ) . tomography ( CT ) values of the aorta in the arterial phase , the portal vein in the portal venous inflow phase , and the liver in the hepatic phase were measured . of the hepatic artery and the portal vein by 3D CT angiography was evaluated as well . the enhancement values of the aorta were not improved significantly with saline pushing , they continued at a high level to the latter slices with saline pushing . enhancement value of the portal vein increased significantly and CT portography was improved with saline pushing . enhancement value of the liver was not improved significantly using saline pushing . a comparison between groups B and C , the enhancement values of the aorta and portal vein and the visualization of CT arteriography and portography were not statistically different . saline pushing technique can contribute to a decrease in contrast material concentration for 3D CT arteriography and portography ."
2036,Abstract #2036,"evaluate the utility of outpatient acupuncture for labor stimulation . women at 39 4/7 weeks or greater with a singleton gestation and Bishop score of less than 7 were randomized to usual medical care ( control group ) versus usual care and three outpatient acupuncture treatments ( acupuncture group ) . treatment consisted of eight needles applied to bilateral points LI4 , SP6 , UB31 , and UB32 . primary outcome was time elapsed from the time of randomization to delivery . outcomes included rates of cesarean section and induction of labor . records were abstracted for maternal demographic , medical , and delivery outcome data . priori sample size calculation revealed that 56 women were required to detect a 72-hour difference in delivery time with a power of 83 % and an alpha of 0.05 . 's t-test , Chi-square , and Kaplan-Meier statistics were used to compare groups . women were randomized and completed the study procedures . , age , gestational age , and cervical Bishop score were similar in both groups . time to delivery occurred 21 hours sooner in the acupuncture group , but this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.36 ) . to controls , women in the acupuncture group tended to be more likely to labor spontaneously ( 70 % vs. 50 % , p = 0.12 ) and less likely to deliver by cesarean section ( 39 % vs. 17 % , p = 0.07 ) . women who were not induced , those in the acupuncture group were more likely to be delivered than the controls at any point after enrollment ( p = 0.05 ) . is well tolerated among term nulliparous women and holds promise in reducing interventions that occur in post-term pregnancies ."
2037,Abstract #2037,"experimental studies suggest that the amino acid valine may decrease brain serotonin ( 5-HT ) function by inhibiting the transport of the 5-HT precursor , L-tryptophan , across the blood barrier . aim of the present study was to assess whether valine could decrease brain 5-HT function in healthy subjects and provoke symptomatic relapse in recently remitted depressed patients taking antidepressant drug treatment . studied the effect of valine ( 30 g ) on the prolactin ( PRL ) response to the 5-HT releasing agent , D-fenfluramine , in healthy male subjects and on the mood of 12 remitted depressed patients taking either selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors ( n = 10 ) or lithium and amitriptyline ( n = 2 ) . significantly lowered the PRL response to D-fenfluramine in healthy subjects . the remitted depressives , valine caused a mild but detectable lowering of mood on a number of measures but only one patient experienced a significant relapse in mood . administration may decrease brain 5-HT neurotransmission in humans . effect could explain the mild increase in depressive symptoms in patients taking 5-HT-potentiating drugs ."
2038,Abstract #2038,"study whether a noninvasive swabbing technique can detect sunscreen use for up to 6 hours , and whether the technique can detect reapplication of sunscreen . volunteer office workers were randomly assigned to have one of a variety of sunscreens applied using recommended application techniques , and half were randomly assigned to have sunscreen reapplied after 3 hours . swabs were used to obtain a sample from participants ' arm at 20 minutes , and hourly from 1 to 6 hours post-application . readings were analyzed using an UV-visible spectrophotometer . swabbing technique was consistently able to distinguish the sunscreen from control swabs for up to 6 hours . absorption readings between 20 minutes and 6 hours were significantly higher than control swabs . were no differences between the group that had sunscreen reapplied and the group that did not . sunscreen swabbing technique is an effective noninvasive method for detecting a variety of sunscreen products in adults over a 6-hour period . differences in absorption readings were found with sunscreen reapplication . procedure will be a useful adjunct to other objective measures of sun protection and UV radiation exposure , resulting in a more accurate picture of the sun protection habits of individuals ."
2039,Abstract #2039,high dose of continuous intravenous infusion of proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) is the standard treatment for peptic ulcer bleeding . optimal dose for the prevention of bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD ) is unclear . purpose of this study was to determine whether stronger acid suppression more effectively prevents bleeding and high risk ulcer stigma ( HRS ) after gastric ESD . total of 273 patients who underwent ESD were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups : the continuous infusion group and the bolus injection group . endoscopy was performed on the following day after ESD . incidences and risk factors of HRS identified by second-look endoscopy and delayed bleeding were analyzed . were no differences in the incidences of HRS and delayed bleeding between two treatment groups . incidence of HRS was 15.8 % ( 43/273 ) and the gross morphology ( flat or depressed ) was identified as a significant factor associated with HRS . incidence of delayed bleeding was 8.4 % ( 23/273 ) and the gross morphology ( flat ) and the presence of submucosal invasive cancer were identified as the associated risk factors for delayed bleeding . incidences of delayed bleeding and HRS identified by second-look endoscopy were not affected by PPI infusion methods . or depressed morphologic lesions and submucosal invasive cancer should be closely monitored .
2040,Abstract #2040,"on attaining and maintaining symptom remission associated with specific antipsychotic medications are rare and variant . examine remission rates and their variation by antipsychotic medication in chronic schizophrenia in the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness ( CATIE ) given it has an 18-month duration and representative antipsychotic medications . remission was examined using the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group remission criteria of attaining and maintaining for 6 months with mild ratings on 8 specific Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) items . rates were assessed ( a ) up to 18 months across CATIE 's switching phases ( n = 1332 ) ; and ( b ) in phase 1 ( that involved double-blind randomization to one of five antipsychotic medications ) to compare antipsychotic medication differences in attaining and maintaining remission among patients not in remission at baseline ( n = 941 ) . baseline 16.2 % of patients were in symptomatic remission . the medication phases of CATIE only 11.7 % attained and then maintained at least 6 months of symptomatic remission , and 55.5 % ( n = 623 ) experienced no symptom remission at any visit . the first medication randomization phase , attaining and maintaining remission for 6 months was highest for the olanzapine ( 12.4 % ) medication group followed by the quetiapine ( 8.2 % ) , perphenazine ( 6.8 % ) , ziprasidone ( 6.5 % ) , and risperidone ( 6.3 % ) groups . currently defined , remission appears to be a very difficult therapeutic target to attain and maintain in chronic schizophrenia and may differ by antipsychotic medication . , remission gradients may be effectively studied by applying modified duration and symptom criteria ."
2041,Abstract #2041,"authors explored the empirical dosing requirement for administration of an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist , brimonidine , and determined its efficacy in decreasing elevations in intraocular pressure ( IOP ) after 360 degrees argon laser trabeculoplasty ( ALT ) . vehicle-controlled , double-masked , multicenter trial evaluated three dosing regimens of brimonidine . hundred thirty-two patients for whom 360 degrees ALT was indicated were randomized into one of four treatment groups : 0.5 % brimonidine both before and after ALT ; brimonidine before but vehicle after ALT ; vehicle before but brimonidine after ALT ; or vehicle at both times . the first 3 hours after 360 degrees ALT , the overall incidence of IOP elevations of 5 mmHg or greater was 38 % ( 23 of 60 eyes ) in the group receiving vehicle only , and it ranged from 3 % to 9 % ( 2 of 62 to 5 of 53 eyes ) in the groups receiving any brimonidine treatment . was little difference in efficacy between the three dosing regimens of brimonidine . was well tolerated by the patients . on this large , controlled , multicenter study , 0.5 % brimonidine was an effective agent for reducing elevations in IOP after 360 degrees ALT . one dose , administered either before or after 360 degrees ALT , was required ."
2042,Abstract #2042,"with compromised pregnancies are often treated with altrenogest to prevent abortion . , there is only limited information about effects on the foal when altrenogest treatment is continued during final maturation of the fetus . determine effects of altrenogest treatment during late gestation in mares on maturity , haematology changes , adrenocortical function and serum electrolytes in their newborn foals . mares were treated with altrenogest ( 0.088 mg/kg bwt ) once daily from Day 280 of pregnancy until foaling and 7 mares served as controls . born to altrenogest-treated mares had a significantly lower neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio on the first day after birth than control foals ( P < 0.05 ) . plasma cortisol concentrations immediately after birth were higher in foals of altrenogest-treated mares than in control foals ( P < 0.05 ) . release in response to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) -- except for higher values 15 min after ACTH injection in foals of altrenogest-treated mares on Day 1 -- revealed no differences in adrenocortical function between the groups of foals . potassium concentration in foals from altrenogest-treated mares compared to control foals was significantly lower immediately after birth ( P < 0.05 ) and plasma ionised calcium concentration was significantly lower 3 h after birth ( P = 0.01 ) . treatment of pregnant mares prolonged labour had no major effects on adrenocortical function in foals . reduced neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in these foals may suggest either immunomodulatory effects of altrenogest or dysmaturity of the foals ."
2043,Abstract #2043,"dermatitis is an eczematous inflammation of the hands that is related to occupation or to routine activities . often becomes chronic , and in some patients may become severe and disabling . corticosteroids are effective treatment , particularly for milder forms , but they often lose effectiveness with time and can produce skin atrophy . evaluate bexarotene gel topical therapy for safety , tolerability and efficacy in patients with chronic hand dermatitis . phase I-II open-label randomized clinical study of bexarotene gel , alone and in combination with a low - and a mid-potency steroid , was conducted in 55 patients with chronic severe hand dermatitis at two academic clinics . using bexarotene gel monotherapy reached a 79 % response rate for > or = 50 % clinical improvement and a 39 % response rate for > or = 90 % clearance of hands . events possibly related to treatment in all patients were stinging or burning ( 15 % ) , flare of dermatitis ( 16 % ) and irritation ( 29 % ) . patients ( 24 % ) withdrew early , including two for related adverse events and five for inadequate response . gel appears to be safe , tolerated by most patients , with useful therapeutic activity in chronic severe hand dermatitis ."
2044,Abstract #2044,"evaluate the effectiveness of relapse prevention ( RP ) and brief intervention ( BI ) in reducing HIV risk-taking behaviours among injecting drug users ( IDU ) enrolled in methadone programmes . hypotheses tested were : ( 1 ) that a six-session RP programme would be more effective in reducing HIV risk-taking behaviours than a one-session BI and a non-intervention control condition ( C ) ; and ( 2 ) that BI would be more effective in reducing HIV risk-taking behaviours than C. of methadone programmes were randomly assigned to either RP , BI , or C. Follow-up occurred 6 months after pre-intervention assessment and was conducted by independent research assistants who were not aware of subjects ' group allocations . assessment interviews and interventions generally took place at the methadone unit treating the subject . IDU enrolled in methadone programmes . entry criteria were : injection of any drug in the 6 months before the day of pre-intervention assessment ; literacy in English ; agreement to HIV-antibody testing for research purposes ; and no known diagnosis of a serious mental illness . subjects were contacted successfully for a 6-month follow-up . RP intervention was a six-session programme . 60-90 min session was conducted individually . BI was a one-session motivational interview lasting 60-90 min , accompanied by a self-help booklet . subjects were administered the Drug Use Scale and HIV Risk-Taking Behaviour Scale of the Opiate Treatment Index and consented to the collection of a capillary blood sample for HIV-antibody testing at pre-intervention assessment and follow-up . follow-up , the Highest HIV Risk-Taking Behaviour Scale , collateral reports from subjects ' sexual partners pertaining to the previous month and urinalysis results for the month before follow-up were collected . with interventions was good . of self-reports with urinalysis and collateral reports was satisfactory . were no significant differences between groups in risk-taking behaviours during the month before follow-up . , there was evidence of a lower rate of needle-risk behaviour ( sharing and cleaning ) during the heaviest risk-taking month since pre-intervention assessment in the group given RP . were no indications that BI was of greater benefit than the usual methadone treatment and neither intervention appeared to reduce sexual risk behaviour . results are cautiously interpreted as showing that individual RP programmes decrease the level of needle-risk behaviour during relapse episodes , but further research is required to replicate this finding ."
2045,Abstract #2045,"of the major treatment goals in congestive heart failure ( CHF ) is to preserve the functional level of the patient and to improve psychosocial factors . these purposes , exercise training is recommended for the management of CHF . this background , the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on quality of life , depression and anxiety levels in a Turkish patient population with CHF . patients with CHF in stage II-III according to NYHA were included . were randomly assigned either to a cardiac rehabilitation group or to a control group . patients were allocated to a weekly aerobic walking program on treadmill , thrice a week for 8 weeks , and 26 patients did not receive any exercise training . groups were assessed by an ergospirometric exercise test , Hacettepe Quality of Life Questionnaire ( HQoL ) , Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) , Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) at baseline and at the end . patients ( treatment group : 23 ) completed the study . the treatment group , significant increases in peak oxygen consumption , exercise time and metabolic equivalents ( MET ) levels were attained ( P = 0.001 , P = 0.001 , P = 0.003 , respectively ) . decreases in BDI ( P = 0.004 ) and STAI subgroups ( P = 0.049 , P = 0.023 , respectively ) were observed , whereas there was no change in HQoL scores . the control group , there was no difference between baseline and 8th week evaluation in all parameters . with CHF tolerated aerobic exercise programs well . resulted with improvement in both physical and psychologic wellbeing , but not in quality of life in the short term ."
2046,Abstract #2046,"increase in bone fractures has been observed in women taking thiazolidinediones . objective of the study was to examine whether changes in circulating bone biomarkers provide insight into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the increase in bone fractures in female participants randomized to rosiglitazone in A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial ( ADOPT ) . stored baseline and 12-month serum samples were available from 1605 participants ( 689 women , 916 men ) in ADOPT , a long-term clinical trial comparing the effects of rosiglitazone , glyburide , and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes . subset was well matched to the total ADOPT study population . women a marker of osteoclast activity , C-terminal telopeptide ( for type 1 collagen ) , increased by 6.1 % with rosiglitazone compared with reductions of 1.3 % ( P = 0.03 vs. rosiglitazone ) and 3.3 % ( P = 0.002 vs. rosiglitazone ) with metformin and glyburide , respectively . men , C-terminal telopeptide was unchanged on rosiglitazone ( -1.0 % ) and fell on metformin ( -12.7 % ; P < 0.001 ) and glyburide ( -4.3 % , P = NS ) . of osteoblast activity , procollagen type 1 N-propeptide ( P1NP ) and bone alkaline phosphatase , were reduced for women and men in almost all treatment groups , with the greatest changes in the metformin group ( P1NP in females , -14.4 % ; P1NP in males , -19.3 % ) , intermediate for rosiglitazone ( P1NP in females , -4.4 % ; P1NP in males , -14.4 % ) , and smallest for glyburide ( P1NP in males , +0.2 % ; bone alkaline phosphatase in females , -11.6 % ) . measured bone biomarkers suggest that changes in bone resorption may be partly responsible for the increased risk of fracture in women taking thiazolidinediones ."
2047,Abstract #2047,"systemic hypertension ( SH ) can be associated with a decrease in endothelium-dependent nitric oxide ( NO ) . increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) , a mediator of NO . , little is known about the effects of PDE5 inhibition on 24-hour ambulatory pressure ( ABP ) and exercise blood pressure , noreprinephrine ( Nor ) , and exercise capacity , especially after orthotopic heart transplantation ( OHT ) . studied 22 OHT patients who on the 1st day underwent a cardiopulmonary ( CP ) self-controlled treadmill 6 ' walk test ( 6 ' ) and , then , an ECG monitored CP treadmill maximal exercise test ( Ex ) within 60 and 90 minutes after oral Sildenafil ( Sil ; 50 mg ) or placebo ( Pl ) given at random , and ABP . determined at basal position ( b ) , in the last minute of the 6 ' and at the peak Ex , the HR ( bpm ) , Systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , and diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) , ( mm Hg ) , VO2 ( mL/kg/min ) , Slope VE/VCO2 , exercise time ( ET , min ) , distance ( D ; miles ) , and Nor ( pg/mL ) . , after CP tests , 24-h SBP and DBP , the measurements were repeated on the 2nd day when the cross-over was done . significantly reduced blood pressure in the basal position and during exercise . also promoted a significant reduction in SBP and DBP during 24 hours , daytime and nighttime . did not change exercise capacity . NO-cGMP pathway seems to play a role in blood pressure control in OHT . addition to antihypertensive therapy , PDE5 inhibition may have potential beneficial effects on hypertensive OHT ."
2048,Abstract #2048,"and rejection are two common complications after liver transplants . a preliminary study , administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) to liver transplant recipients was associated with a decrease in sepsis episodes , sepsis-related deaths , and rejection compared with a historical control group of patients . purpose of this study was to evaluate further the efficacy of G-CSF in liver transplant patients in a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , multicenter trial . patients with a United Network Organ Sharing classification of 1 or 2 were randomized to receive a placebo , 100 microg/day of G-CSF or 300 microg/day of G-CSF . study drug was started preoperatively and then continued after the transplant for a maximum of 21 days . were evaluated for microbiologically-documented infection , biopsy-proven rejection , number of treatments for rejection , length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital , graft survival , death , and adverse events . the first 30 days after the transplant , the median peak white blood cell count was 16.5 x10 ( 9 ) / L , 34.6 x10 ( 9 ) L , and 54.8 x10 ( 9 ) / L for the placebo , low-dose G-CSF , and high-dose G-CSF patients , respectively . incidence of infection was 30 % in G-CSF patients ( 34 of 114 patients ) and 34 % in placebo patients ( 20 of 58 patients ) . for more nosocomial pneumonias in the G-CSF patients ( 7 in 114 patients vs. 0 in 58 patients , P = 0.056 ) , the types of infections and causative organisms were also similar in both treatment groups . the number of treatments for clinically suspected or proven rejection was similar in the G-CSF and placebo patients , biopsy-proven rejection occurred more often in G-CSF patients ( 34 of 114 patients or 30 % ) than placebo patients ( 11 of 58 patients or 19 % ) ( P = 0.093 ) . were no cases of graft loss caused by rejection . had no effect on length of stay in the intensive-care unit or hospital . were 22 G-CSF patients ( 18 % ) and 10 placebo patients ( 15 % ) who died within 120 days after the transplant . serious adverse events were attributed to G-CSF . producing substantial increases in the white blood cell count after the transplant , G-CSF had no beneficial effects on infection , rejection , or survival in this study . rejection and nosocomial pneumonias were more common in patients treated with G-CSF compared with those taking the placebo . serious adverse events were attributed to G-CSF ."
2049,Abstract #2049,"has been suggested as the most powerful mechanism of myocardial protection against prolonged ischemia . , whether preconditioning offers additional benefits over cardioplegia during coronary artery bypass grafting is not known . patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized into two groups . aortic cross-clamping , group 1 received antegrade blood and blood cardioplegia followed by normothermic retrograde blood cardioplegia ( controls ) , whereas group 2 patients were subjected to 5 minutes of global ischemia followed by reperfusion with antegrade and retrograde blood cardioplegia ( preconditioned ) . transcardiac differences in oxygen saturation , pH , and lactate were measured during cardiopulmonary bypass . biopsy specimens were taken from half of the patients for adenosine triphosphate determination . extent of myocardial injury was estimated by monitoring the postoperative leakage of creatine kinase-MB and troponin T. Immediate hemodynamic recovery and postoperative complications were also observed . 5-minute preconditioning induced marked lactate and acid production , and myocardial adenosine triphosphate levels tended to decrease . heart continued to produce lactate and acid during retrograde cardioplegia , but the transcardiac pH and lactate differences were similar in both groups . triphosphate level measured at the end of the cross-clamp period was decreased to a half and one third of the preclamp values in the control and preconditioned groups , respectively . postoperative creatine kinase-MB and troponin T effluxes tended to be more elevated in the preconditioned group , yet hemodynamic recovery and the number of postoperative complications were similar in both groups . results show that a 5-minute preconditioning ischemia does not offer any additional benefits over normothermic retrograde blood cardioplegia during coronary artery bypass grafting ."
2050,Abstract #2050,"compare subjective and objective visual performance of the Air Optix Aqua Multifocal lens to monovision in a group of subjects requiring a medium level of reading-addition power . participants with reading additions between 1.25 and 2.00 diopters ( inclusive ) were randomized into a prospective , crossover clinical trial . wore monovision and multifocals for 2 weeks in a randomized order . - and low-contrast logMAR ( logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution ) acuity and stereopsis were measured at the beginning and end of each period . each phase , participants performed specific tasks followed by subjective rating surveys and also completed satisfaction rating surveys on days 3 , 7 , and 12 ; all were transferred in real time using BlackBerry smartphones . general rating survey was completed at the dispensing and 2-week visits . participants completed the study ( mean age , 52 years ) . and near high - and low-contrast acuities were significantly better ( p < 0.05 ) with monovision at all visits . intermediate acuity was only better ( p < 0.05 ) with multifocals after 2 weeks . was equivalent after 2 weeks , but better ( p < 0.05 ) with multifocals at dispensing . ratings were generally equivalent between modalities although there was a trend for multifocals to be rated higher for focus changing and driving , whereas monovision tended to be rated higher for near tasks . both corrections , the satisfaction survey showed no significant change between days 3 , 7 , and 12 , and the general survey showed that comfort was maintained but subjective vision ratings decreased significantly over the 2 weeks . participants ( 51 % ) preferred multifocals , 18 ( 37 % ) preferred monovision , and the remaining 6 ( 12 % ) declared both unacceptable . this cohort , distance and near acuities were better with monovision , whereas the subjective ratings tended to favor the Air Optix Aqua Multifocal , with the exception of near performance . was statistically similar between both corrections , with a trend toward preferring the multifocal ."
2051,Abstract #2051,"clinical literature cautions against use of meditation by people with psychosis . is , however , evidence for acceptance-based therapy reducing relapse , and some evidence for clinical benefits of mindfulness groups for people with distressing psychosis , though no data on whether participants became more mindful . assess feasibility of randomized evaluation of group mindfulness therapy for psychosis , to replicate clinical gains observed in one small uncontrolled study , and to assess for changes in mindfulness . participants with current distressing psychotic experiences were allocated at random between group-based mindfulness training and a waiting list for this therapy . training comprised twice-weekly sessions for 5 weeks , plus home practice ( meditation CDs were supplied ) , followed by 5 weeks of home practice . were no significant differences between intervention and waiting-list participants . analyses combining both groups and comparing scores before and after mindfulness training revealed significant improvement in clinical functioning ( p = .013 ) and mindfulness of distressing thoughts and images ( p = .037 ) . on feasibility are encouraging and secondary analyses replicated earlier clinical benefits and showed improved mindfulness of thoughts and images , but not voices ."
2052,Abstract #2052,"of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis currently involves intravenous antibiotic administration . test the possibility of treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with oral antibiotics , oral ofloxacin was compared with intravenous cefotaxime in this infection . hundred twenty-three cirrhotics with uncomplicated spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ( no septic shock , grade II-IV hepatic encephalopathy , serum creatinine level of > 3 mg/dL , and gastrointestinal hemorrhage or ileus ) were randomly given oral ofloxacin ( 64 patients ) or intravenous cefotaxime ( 59 patients ) . resolution rate was 84 % in the ofloxacin group and 85 % in the cefotaxime group . serum levels and trough serum and ascitic fluid levels of ofloxacin and cefotaxime measured on days 3 ( 23 patients ) and 6 ( 11 patients ) of therapy were greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration of isolated organisms . survival rate was 81 % in each group of patients . urea nitrogen and hepatic encephalopathy at diagnosis were associated with prognosis . of the 36 nonazotemic patients with community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and without hepatic encephalopathy developed complications during hospitalization , and all were alive at time of discharge . ofloxacin is as effective as intravenous cefotaxime in uncomplicated spontaneous bacterial peritonitis . cirrhotic patients with uncomplicated community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and without hepatic encephalopathy have an excellent prognosis and may be treated with oral ofloxacin without requiring hospitalization ."
2053,Abstract #2053,"evaluate the efficacy of interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity in people with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) . randomised controlled trial in Newcastle upon Tyne , UK , 1995-98 . included 67 adults ( 38 men ; 29 women ) aged 24-75 years with IGT . intervention consisted of regular diet and physical activity counselling based on the stages of change model . outcome measures were changes between baseline and 6 months in nutrient intake ; physical activity ; anthropometric and physiological measurements including serum lipids ; glucose tolerance ; insulin sensitivity . difference in change in total fat consumption was significant between intervention and control groups ( difference -21.8 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) -37.8 to -5.8 ) g/day , P = 0.008 ) . significantly larger proportion of intervention participants reported taking up vigorous activity than controls ( difference 30.1 , ( 95 % CI 4.3 -- 52.7 ) % , P = 0.021 ) . change in body mass index was significantly different between groups ( difference -0.95 ( 95 % CI -1.5 to -0.4 ) kg/m ( 2 ) , P = 0.001 ) . was no significant difference in change in mean 2-h plasma glucose between groups ( difference -0.19 ( 95 % CI -1.1 to 0.71 ) mmol/l , NS ) or in serum cholesterol ( difference 0.02 ( 95 % CI -0.26 to 0.31 ) mmol/l , NS ) . difference in change in fasting serum insulin between groups was significant ( difference -3.4 ( 95 % CI -5.8 to -1.1 ) mU/l , P = 0.005 ) . 6 months of intensive lifestyle intervention in participants with IGT , there were changes in diet and physical activity , some cardiovascular risk factors and insulin sensitivity , but not glucose tolerance . follow-up is in progress to investigate whether these changes are sustained or augmented over 2 years ."
2054,Abstract #2054,"biloba is available as an over-the-counter drug and reported to cause haemorrhage when coadministered with other antiplatelet agents . set out to study the interactions of G. biloba with cilostazol and clopidogrel . randomized , open-label , crossover study of 10 healthy male volunteers . dosage schedules were 120 mg G. biloba , 240 mg G. biloba , 100 mg cilostazol , 200 mg cilostazol , 75 mg clopidogrel , 150 mg clopidogrel , 120 mg G. biloba + 100 mg cilostazol and 120 mg G. biloba + 75 mg clopidogrel . aggregation , platelet count , bleeding time and clotting time were measured 0 and 6 h after drug administration . aggregation was performed using a dual channel aggregometer , by the turbimetric technique using adenosine diphosphate 5 micromol and 10 micromol , and collagen 1 microg ml ( -1 ) . inhibition with the combination of G. biloba and clopidogrel or cilostazol was not statistically significant compared with individual doses of drugs , with all the three aggregants . was significant ( P < 0.05 ) potentiation of prolongation of bleeding time with the combination of cilostazol and G. biloba compared with individual doses of both the drugs . was no significant change in clotting time and platelet count . of G. biloba either with cilostazol or clopidogrel did not enhance antiplatelet activity compared with individual agents . biloba potentiated the bleeding time prolongation effect of cilostazol . was no significant correlation between prolongation of bleeding time and inhibition of platelet aggregation ."
2055,Abstract #2055,"test the effects of pressure-controlled ( PCV ) and volume-controlled ( VCV ) ventilation during one-lung ventilation ( OLV ) for thoracic surgery on right ventricular ( RV ) function . prospective , randomized , double-blind , controlled , crossover study . single university hospital . pairs of consecutive patients scheduled for elective thoracotomy . were assigned randomly to ventilate the dependent lung with PCV or VCV mode , each in a randomized crossover order using tidal volume of 6 mL/kg , I : E ratio 1 : 2.5 , positive end-expiratory pressure ( PEEP ) of 5 cm H2O and respiratory rate adjusted to maintain normocapnia . changes in RV function ( systolic and early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity ( TAV ) , end-systolic volume ( ESV ) , end-diastolic volume ( EDV ) and fractional area changes ( FAC ) ) , airway pressures , compliance and oxygenation index were recorded . use of PCV during OLV resulted in faster systolic ( 10.12.39 vs. 5.81.67 cm/s , respectively ) , diastolic TAV ( 9.21.99 vs. 4.61.42 cm/s , respectively ) ( p < 0.001 ) and compliance and lower ESV , EDV and airway pressures ( p < 0.05 ) than during the use of VCV . indices were similar during the use of VCV and PCV . use of PCV offers more improved RV function than the use of VCV during OLV for open thoracotomy . results apply specifically to younger patients with good ventricular and pulmonary functions ."
2056,Abstract #2056,"evaluate the ability of two different combination therapies with prednisone ( PDN ) , methotrexate ( MTX ) and cyclosporine ( CSA ) to modulate both TNFalpha transcription and production in early rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . patients with early RA received a step-down bridge therapy with MTX and PDN ( group A ) . patients out of the 24 randomly received also CSA ( group B ) . samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) were collected at different times . levels were measured both in sera and in PBMC supernatants . mRNA was assessed by use of RT-PCR . patients in group A and 9 in group B improved . baseline , RA patients serum TNFalpha levels were increased compared to controls ( p < 0.001 ) and did not correlate with clinical and serological parameters . levels decreased within the first month of therapy in both groups , the lower levels being observed in the sera of CSA treated patients . 30 days of therapy , TNFalpha levels in group B supernatants were significantly lower than those observed in group A , both after 24 and 48 hours of PHA stimulation ( p < 0.03 and p < 0.05 respectively ) . mRNA levels never differed between patients and controls , independently of both the clinical picture and the assigned therapy . addition of CSA to a treatment regimen of PDN + MTX lowers TNFalpha production in vitro without decreasing TNFalpha mRNA expression . effect could help to induce early immunosoppressive and therapeutic effects during RA ."
2057,Abstract #2057,"prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo controlled multicenter trial was undertaken in 205 patients treated with total gastrectomy for gastric malignancies to evaluate whether local antimicrobial measures reduce the incidence of esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage . leakage of the esophagojejunostomy is always a septic complication of total gastrectomy for gastric malignancies , but it never has been attempted to prevent this complication with the administration of topical antimicrobial agents during the critical phase of anastomotic wound healing . evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical decontamination , the study was carried out as a prospective , randomized , double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical multicenter trial in patients with total gastrectomy for gastric cancer . received either placebo or decontamination with polymyxin B ( 100 mg ) , tobramycin ( 80 mg ) , vancomycin ( 125 mg ) , and amphotericin B ( 500 mg ) four times per day orally from the day before the operation until the seventh postoperative day . patients received a perioperative intravenous prophylaxis with cefotaxime 2 x 2 g. interventions including the administration of antibiotics and fluids , were not affected by the study protocol . 260 patients who were randomized , total gastrectomy was not carried out in 55 patients . dropped out of the study . receiving an esophagojejunostomy were observed until day 42 , when they were discharged from the clinic or died . intention-to-treat analysis of the data was carried out . the 103 recipients of placebo , there were 11 ( 10.6 % ) with an anastomotic leakage of the esophagojejunostomy , and among the 102 recipients of decontamination , there were 3 ( 2.9 % ) with an anastomotic leakage of the esophagojejunostomy ( p = 0.0492 ) . infections were observed in 23 patients ( 22.3 % ) receiving placebo and in 9 patients ( 8.8 % ) who were decontaminated ( p = 0.02 ) . were 11 deaths ( 10.6 % ) among the recipients of placebo and 5 deaths ( 4.9 % ) among the recipients of decontamination ( p = 0.1 ) . with polymyxin , tobramycin , vancomycin , and amphotericin B during anastomotic wound healing is safe and effective in the prevention of esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage after total gastrectomy ."
2058,Abstract #2058,"determine whether long-term transfusion improves growth in children with sickle cell anemia . the Stroke Prevention Trial for Sickle Cell Anemia Study , patients were randomized to receive long-term transfusion ( CTX ) or standard care ( STC ) . were administered every 3 to 5 weeks , and hemoglobin S levels were maintained at 30 % pretransfusion for an average of 2 years . height and weight measurements ( obtained every 3 months ) , body mass index ( BMI ) values , and growth z-scores were analyzed . in the CTX ( n = 53 ) and STC ( n = 41 ) groups were similar at baseline . 24 months , the z-scores for height , weight , and BMI of those receiving CTX had improved significantly , whereas no changes occurred in the STC group . in the CTX group approached normal height-for-age and weight-for-age z-scores . from a large historical control group had significantly lower weight and height growth velocities than patients in the CTX group . in the Stroke Prevention Trial for Sickle Cell Anemia Study who received CTX had improved height and weight and BMI over a 2-year period . hemoglobin levels resulting from transfusion may improve growth by lowering energy expenditure . addition to the prevention of vasoocclusive events , CTX results in significant improvement in the growth of children with sickle cell disease ."
2059,Abstract #2059,"efficacy of contraceptives is affected by its route and ease of administration . , both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the once-a-month combined injectable contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) plus estradiol cypionate ( E ( 2 ) - Cyp ) were compared after intramuscular ( IM ) or subcutaneous ( SC ) injection in women of reproductive age . women were randomly assigned to the SC ( n = 15 ) or IM ( n = 15 ) route of MPA 25 mg + E ( 2 ) - Cyp 5 mg administration . samples were obtained daily for 7 days and then three times a week for 40 days in order to quantify E ( 2 ) , progesterone and MPA . addition , three ultrasounds were performed on each subject to determine follicular development , and a daily record of the bleeding pattern and side effects was maintained . comparative analysis showed that the main pharmacokinetic ( peak serum concentration , peak serum time , area under the serum concentration vs. time curve , absorption half-life and elimination half-life ) and pharmacodynamic parameters , such as follicular development and ovulation , were similar in the SC vs. IM groups . suppression in ovarian function was present in all women . bleeding patterns and side effects were similar in both groups . results presented herein demonstrate that the injection of 25 mg of MPA plus 5 mg of E ( 2 ) - Cyp has similar efficacy and safety with either the SC or IM route of administration . SC option can be considered a viable self-administered contraceptive option that might increase women 's compliance to contraceptive use ."
2060,Abstract #2060,"investigate the effects of a twice-weekly multitarget stepping ( MTS ) task combined with a multicomponent exercise program on stepping accuracy , gaze behavior , fall risk factors , and fall rates . controlled trial . . adults aged 65 and older in Japan ( N = 264 ) were randomized into an MTS group ( n = 132 ) and a control group ( n = 132 ) . weeks of a twice-weekly community-based MTS program in combination with a standardized multicomponent exercise program . of falls and fall-related fractures during a 12-month follow-up period after completion of the intervention , stepping accuracy , gaze behavior while performing the MTS test , and results of four clinical tests relevant to assessment of risk of falls ( Timed Up and Go ( TUG ) , functional reach ( FR ) , 10-m walking , and Five Chair Stand ( 5CS ) ) were measured . participants ( 11.6 % ) in the MTS group and 39 ( 33.0 % ) in the control group fell during the 12-month follow-up period ( incidence rate ratio = 0.35 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) = 0.19-0 .66 ) . participants in the MTS group and 13 in the control group experienced fall-related fractures during the 12-month follow-up period ( relative risk = 0.22 , 95 % CI = 0.06-0 .80 ) . the intervention , a subset of participants in the MTS group had significantly greater improvement in stepping accuracy and gaze behavior during the MTS test , and all participants in the MTS group had significantly greater improvement in performing the TUG and 10-m walking ( P < .001 ) . who performed MTS tests combined with a multicomponent exercise program showed greater improvements in stepping accuracy , gaze behavior , and physical performance in a virtually complex environment . the less-frequent fall rate in the follow-up assessment , these improvements could contribute to preventing falls in community-dwelling older adults ."
2061,Abstract #2061,"investigate whether zonisamide remains effective and well tolerated in the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy during long-term treatment and with flexible dosing in clinical practice . with refractory partial epilepsy who completed a fixed-dose , randomized , double-blind clinical trial were recruited in an open-label extension study with adjustment of zonisamide and other antiepileptic drug dosage according to the treating physician 's usual clinical practice . intention-to-treat analysis of 317 patients showed that zonisamide was well tolerated with a predictable safety profile . retention rates at 1 , 2 and 3 years were 65.3 % , 44.5 % and 28.8 % , respectively . treatment was associated with a maintained reduction in seizure frequency , with some patients achieving prolonged periods of seizure freedom . dosing with zonisamide demonstrated a good safety profile and sustained efficacy in the long-term adjunctive treatment of refractory partial epilepsy ."
2062,Abstract #2062,"goal of this study was to compare the freehand technique of catheter placement using external landmarks with the technique of using the Ghajar Guide for this procedure . placement of a ventricular catheter can be a lifesaving procedure , and it is commonly performed by all neurosurgeons . methods have been described to cannulate the ventricular system , including the modified Friedman tunnel technique in which a soft polymeric tube is inserted through a burr hole . , et al. , have noted that two thirds of noninfectious complications have been related to incorrect positioning of the catheter . consecutive patients were randomized between either freehand or Ghajar Guide-assisted catheter placement . target was the foramen of Monro , and the course was through the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle approximately 10 cm above the nasion , 3 cm from the midline , to a depth of 5.5 cm from the inner table of the skull . all cases , the number of passes was recorded for successful cannulation , and pre - and postplacement computerized tomography scans were obtained . were performed to determine the bicaudate index and the distance from the catheter tip to the target point . cannulation was achieved using either technique ; however , the catheters placed using the Ghajar Guide were closer to the target ."
2063,Abstract #2063,"antimuscarinic treatment is indicated for overactive bladder , many patients discontinue it because of dry mouth . available antimuscarinics oxybutynin is associated with the highest dry mouth rate . compared the safety and tolerability of 5 mg solifenacin vs 15 mg oxybutynin immediate release . 12 Canadian centers a total of 132 patients with overactive bladder symptoms ( greater than 1 urgency episode per 24 hours , and 8 or greater micturitions per 24 hours ) were randomized to 5 mg solifenacin once daily or 5 mg oxybutynin 3 times daily for 8 weeks . primary end point was the incidence and severity of dry mouth reported after direct questioning . end points ( 3-day diary documented changes in urgency , frequency , incontinence , nocturia and voided volume ) , and changes on the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition scale and the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire were evaluated secondarily . patients on solifenacin vs oxybutynin immediate release 35 % vs 83 % reported dry mouth ( p < 0.0001 ) . patients reporting dry mouth severity was graded moderate by 13 % and 42 % of those on solifenacin and oxybutynin immediate release , and severe by 13 % and 28 % , respectively ( p = 0.001 ) . in each group showed improvements in efficacy end points , and Patient Perception of Bladder Condition scale and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire scores from baseline to treatment end . fewer patients on 5 mg solifenacin once daily reported dry mouth vs those receiving 5 mg oxybutynin immediate release 3 times daily . fewer patients on solifenacin reported moderate/severe dry mouth . fewer patients on solifenacin withdrew from study due to dry mouth and there were significantly fewer overall adverse events . and oxybutynin immediate release were efficacious in decreasing efficacy end points , and improved Patient Perception of Bladder Condition scale and Overactive Bladder Questionnaire results from baseline to treatment end ."
2064,Abstract #2064,"intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes . assessed the effects of a fiber-rich diet on body weight , adipokine concentrations , and the metabolism of glucose and lipids in non-obese and obese subjects in Korea , where rice is the main source of dietary carbohydrates . healthy , non-obese and 10 obese subjects completed two 4-week phases of individual isoenergetic food intake . the control diet phase , subjects consumed standard rice ; during the modified diet phase , subjects consumed equal proportions of fiber-rich Goami No. 2 rice and standard rice . used a randomized , controlled , crossover study design with a washout period of 6 weeks between the two phases . the modified diet phase , body weight was significantly lower in both the non-obese and obese subjects ( non-obese , 57.0 + / - 2.9 vs. 56.1 + / - 2.8 kg , p = 0.001 ; obese , 67.7 + / - 2.1 vs. 65.7 + / - 2.0 kg , p < 0.001 for before vs. after ) . BMI was significantly lower in obese subjects ( 26.9 + / - 0.5 vs. 26.0 + / - 0.6 kg/m2 , p < 0.001 ) . modified diet was associated with lower serum triacylglycerol ( p < 0.01 ) , total cholesterol ( p < 0.01 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p < 0.05 ) , and C-peptide ( p < 0.05 ) concentrations in the obese subjects . results indicate that fiber-rich Goami No. 2 rice has beneficial effects and may be therapeutically useful for obese subjects ."
2065,Abstract #2065,"amygdala is believed to play a key role in processing emotionally salient , threat-relevant , events that require further online processing by cortical regions . disorders such as depression and anxiety have been associated with hyperactivity of the amygdala , but it is unknown whether antidepressant treatment directly affects amygdala responses to emotionally significant information . current study assessed the effects of 7 days administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) , citalopram , on amygdala responses to masked presentations of fearful and happy facial expressions in never-depressed volunteers using blood oxygenation level-dependent ( BOLD ) functional magnetic resonance imaging . double-blind , between-groups design was used with volunteers randomized to 20 mg/day citalopram versus placebo . receiving citalopram showed decreased amygdala responses to masked presentations of threat compared with those receiving placebo . also reduced responses within the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex ( mPFC ) specifically during the fear-relevant stimuli . neural differences were accompanied by decreased recognition of fearful facial expressions assessed after the scan . contrast , there was no effect of citalopram on the neural or behavioral response to the happy facial expressions . results suggest a direct effect of serotonin potentiation on amygdala response to threat-relevant stimuli in humans . effects may be important in the therapeutic actions of antidepressants in depression and anxiety ."
2066,Abstract #2066,"compare the safety and accuracy of Steinmann pin placement in vertebral bodies T10 through L7 using either an open or closed fluoroscopic method . vitro radiographic and anatomic study . medium-sized canine cadavers . were randomly assigned to 2 groups : open and closed . pins were placed in vertebral bodies through a standard dorsal incision in the open group and percutaneously with the aid of fluoroscopy in the closed group . were placed bilaterally in vertebral bodies T10 through L7 at approximately 30 degrees from horizontal and driven to a uniform depth . were performed to examine potential pulmonary , vascular , or neurological trauma as a result of pin placement . were cross-sectioned through intervertebral disc spaces , and radiographs were performed to evaluate accuracy of pin placement . statistics were determined for pin angle , percentage of bone purchase , and penetration length . of interest between groups were compared using a Student t test . incidence was compared using Chi ; ( 2 ) analysis . was P < .05 . pin insertion angle was significantly different than 30 degrees for the open group in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and for the closed group in thoracic vertebrae . pin insertion angle for all vertebrae was significantly greater than 30 degrees for the open group . pin penetration distance in each vertebra was significantly different between groups with the closed group having less penetration and lower variance . groups were significantly different from the ideal penetration distance . mean percentage of bone purchase was greater in the closed group for all vertebrae except T10 and T11 . complication incidence was significantly greater in the open group for thoracic vertebrae . results of this study suggest that a closed technique for placement of Steinmann pins in lumbar vertebrae for use in external skeletal fixation is a reasonable and safer alternative to the traditional open technique . of either technique in thoracic vertebrae should be avoided ."
2067,Abstract #2067,"randomized controlled study was conducted to determine the effect of low glycemic index ( GI ) dietary advice on eating patterns and dietary quality in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) . patients with T2DM ( N = 104 ) were randomized into 2 groups that received either low GI or conventional carbohydrate exchange ( CCE ) dietary advice for 12 weeks . prescriptions were based on the medical nutrition therapy for T2DM , with the difference being in the GI component of the carbohydrates . intake and food choices were assessed with the use of a 3-day food record . week 12 , both groups achieved the recommendations for carbohydrate ( 52 4 % and 54 4 % of energy ) and fat ( 30 4 % and 28 5 % of energy ) intake . were no significant differences in the reported macronutrient intake in both groups . the low GI diet , crude fiber and dietary calcium intake increased , while the dietary GI reduced . in the lowest dietary glycemic index/glycemic load ( GI/GL ) quartile consumed more parboiled/basmati rice , pasta , milk/dairy products , fruits , and dough , which are foods from the low GI category . was a significant reduction in the hemoglobin A ( 1c ) level at week 12 for patients in the lowest GI/GL quartile ( = -0.7 0.1 % ) compared with those in the highest GI/GL quartile ( = -0.1 0.2 % ) . results demonstrate the ability of low GI dietary advice to improve the dietary quality of Asian patients with T2DM ."
2068,Abstract #2068,"hydrochloride hydrate ( K-115 ) , a novel rho kinase inhibitor , provides statistically significant intraocular pressure ( IOP ) - lowering effects and has a tolerable safety profile . , no studies have evaluated ripasudil combined with - blockers and prostaglandin analogues . evaluate the additive IOP-lowering effects and the safety of ripasudil , 0.4 % , combined with timolol , 0.5 % , or latanoprost , 0.005 % , in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension . conducted 2 , multicenter , randomized , double-masked , parallel group comparison studies of ripasudil-timolol and ripasudil-latanoprost in 29 and 36 Japanese clinical centers , respectively . were performed on an intention-treat-treat basis . appropriate run-in periods with timolol or latanoprost , 208 and 205 patients whose IOP levels were 18 mm Hg or higher were enrolled in the ripasudil-timolol and ripasudil-latanoprost groups , respectively . began December 1 , 2011 , and follow-up was completed on September 7 , 2012 , in the ripasudil-timolol study . began December 1 , 2011 , and follow-up was completed on September 27 , 2012 , in the ripasudil-latanoprost study . were subdivided into 2 groups in each study and were treated with ripasudil or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks . IOP reductions in the ripasudil and placebo groups were analyzed with a repeated-measures analysis of variance model at weeks 4 , 6 , and 8 , at trough ( before instillation [ 9 am ] ) and peak ( 2 hours after instillation [ 11 am ] ) levels . the ripasudil-timolol study , the mean IOP reductions from baseline in the ripasudil and placebo groups were -2.4 and -1.5 mm Hg at 9 am for a difference of 0.9 mm Hg ( 95 % CI , 0.4-1 .3 mm Hg ; P < .001 ) and -2.9 and -1.3 mm Hg at 11 am for a difference of 1.6 mm Hg ( 95 % CI , 1.1-2 .1 mm Hg ; P < .001 ) , respectively . the ripasudil-latanoprost study , those IOP reductions were -2.2 and -1.8 mm Hg at 9 am for a difference of 0.4 mm Hg ( 95 % CI , -0.0 to 0.9 mm Hg ; P = .06 ) and -3.2 and -1.8 mm Hg at 11 am for a difference of 1.4 mm Hg ( 95 % CI , 0.9-1 .9 mm Hg ; P < .001 ) , respectively . most frequently reported adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia , which was mild and in most cases resolved without treatment before the next instillation . clinical trials found additive IOP-lowering effects of ripasudil from placebo at trough and peak levels in combination with timolol and at peak level in combination with latanoprost . , a definitive difference in the addition of placebo to latanoprost was not identified in the trough level . Identifiers : JAPIC111700 and JAPIC111701 ."
2069,Abstract #2069,"elevated intraocular pressure ( IOP ) in eyes with ocular hypertension is often accompanied by increased corneal thickness . tested the hypotheses that chronically elevated IOP causes a slow increase in corneal thickness and that lowering the IOP reverses this slow increase . patients with ocular hypertension were randomized to medication and observation groups in the Mayo Clinic site of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study . corneal thickness was measured using an optical pachymeter at baseline and annually for 6 years . rates of change of corneal thickness was compared between the groups . thickness was measured by confocal microscopy 8 years after the baseline examination . thickness increased 1.5 + / - 3.3 microm/yr in the observation group ( n = 23 ) and decreased -1.3 + / - 2.8 microm/yr in the medication group ( n = 27 , P = 0.002 ) . rates were significantly different from zero ( P = 0.04 and P = 0.02 , respectively ) . thickness was 46.4 + / - 4.9 microm in the observation group and 41.3 + / - 4.4 microm in the medication group ( P = 0.008 ) . of this single-center series imply that corneal thickness increases slowly in eyes with ocular hypertension and decreases slowly if the IOP is lowered by topical medications . phenomena could be explained by a causal relationship between elevated IOP and a slow increase in corneal thickness . decrease in epithelial thickness accounts for a portion of the thinning that occurs with treatment . confirmed in a larger series , these findings indicate that the effects of previous treatment on thickness should be considered if corneal thickness is to be used as a discriminant factor in the management of patients with ocular hypertension ."
2070,Abstract #2070,"children do not meet current UK physical activity ( PA ) guidelines . are less active than boys throughout childhood , and the age-related decline in PA , particularly from early adolescence , is steeper for girls than for boys . is the favourite form of PA among UK secondary school aged girls . dance sessions after school could make a significant contribution to girls ' PA. . , after-school dance sessions may be an appropriate and cost-effective activity through which adolescent girls ' PA levels can be increased . cluster randomised control trial and economic evaluation conducted in 18 secondary schools across the greater Bristol area . Year 7 girls in participating schools will receive a ` taster ' dance session and subsequently be invited to participate in the project . is space for up to 33 girls to participate in each school . will be randomly assigned in equal numbers to intervention or control arms after baseline data has been collected . nine intervention schools will receive a 20 week after-school dance-based intervention , consisting of 4075 minute sessions , delivered by external dance instructors . schools will not receive the dance intervention . measures will be assessed at baseline ( time 0 ) , at the end of the intervention period ( time 1 ) and six months after the intervention has ended ( time 2 ) . primary interest is to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention to affect the objectively-assessed ( accelerometer ) mean weekday minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA ( MVPA ) accumulated by Year 7 girls one year after the baseline measurement ( time 2 ) . paper describes the protocol for the Bristol Girls Dance Project cluster randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation , which is attempting to increase MVPA among Year 7 girls in UK secondary schools . ."
2071,Abstract #2071,"guidelines recommend LDL-C as the primary target of therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia . , combination therapies with lipid-lowering drugs that have different mechanisms of action are recommended when it is not possible to attain LDL-C targets with statin monotherapy . which treatment or patient-related factors are associated with attaining a target may be clinically relevant . were pooled from two multicenter , randomized , double-blind studies . stabilization on simvastatin 20 mg , patients with coronary heart disease ( CHD ) alone and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) were randomized to ezetimibe 10 mg/simvastatin 20 mg ( EZ/Simva ) or simvastatin 40 mg . change from baseline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , TC/HDL-C ratio , triglycerides , and the proportion of patients achieving LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L ( 100 mg/dL ) after 6 weeks of treatment were assessed , and factors significantly correlated with the probability of achieving LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L in a population of high cardiovascular risk Italian patients were identified . stepwise logistic regression model was conducted with LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L at endpoint as the dependent variable and study , treatment , gender , age ( > or = 65 years or < 65 years ) , as independent variables and baseline LDL-C ( both as continuous and discrete variable ) . treatment ( N = 93 ) resulted in significantly greater reductions in LDL-C , TC , and TC/HDL-C ratio and higher attainment of LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L vs doubling the simvastatin dose to 40 mg ( N = 106 ) . [ including diabetic patients ( OR = 2.9 , p = 0.003 ) ] , EZ/Simva treatment ( OR = 6.1 , p < 0.001 ) , and lower baseline LDL-C ( OR = 0.9 , p = 0.001 ) were significant positive predictors of LDL-C target achievement . baseline LDL-C was expressed as a discrete variable , the odds of achieving LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L was 4.8 in favor of EZ/Simva compared with Simva 40 mg ( p < 0.001 ) , regardless of baseline LDL-C level . is an effective therapeutic option for patients who have not achieved recommended LDL-C treatment targets with simvastatin 20 mg monotherapy . trial registration numbers : NCT00423488 and NCT00423579 ."
2072,Abstract #2072,"project was conducted to determine the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-coated toothbrush filaments in reducing quantities of bacteria . Institutional Review Board ( IRB ) - approved , two-group , double-blind , randomized , post-test only study was conducted . individuals utilized control and experimental toothbrushes , for 30 days . the end of the study toothbrushes were returned and transported to the laboratory for analysis . were detached from the filaments by sonification and vortexing then plated on Mitis Salivarius ( MS ) ( selective ) and trypticase soy agar ( TSA ) 5 % Sheep Blood ( non-selective ) media . plates were incubated aerobically for 24 h at 37 degrees C. incubation , bacterial colony-forming units ( CFU ) were determined . were analysed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests . toothbrushes were returned for analysis ; experimental ( n = 31 ) and control ( n = 28 ) . from TSA media revealed a mean CFU for the control group of 5.41 x 10 ( 5 ) compared with 6.28 x 10 ( 5 ) for the experimental group . from MS agar resulted in a mean CFU for the control group of 4.32 x 10 ( 5 ) compared with 4.20 x 10 ( 5 ) for the experimental group . revealed no statistically significant difference in the quantity of bacteria surviving on toothbrush filaments between control and experimental groups , on both selective and non-selective media , after 30 days ."
2073,Abstract #2073,"has been identified as a worldwide health problem among elderly people . , it is not effectively relieved by the use of laxatives and lifestyle modification . studies reported promising results in managing constipation with auricular acupressure ( AA ) , although its effectiveness was not affirmed . study is to evaluate the complementary effects of AA in relieving constipation symptoms and in promoting disease-specific health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) among elderly residential care home ( RCH ) residents in Hong Kong . placebo-controlled trial . RCH . participants were randomly assigned to either experimental group ( AA using auricular plasters with magnetic pellets ) , placebo-controlled group ( AA using auricular plasters with Semen Vaccariae ) , or usual care group ( AA using auricular plasters only ) . was applied onto seven auricular acupoints for 10 days . symptoms and disease-specific HRQOL were measured before AA , at the completion of AA ( D10 ) , and at the 10th-day follow-up time ( D20 ) . grouptime interaction effect was found in the change of satisfaction subscale between the experimental group and placebo-controlled group at D10 ( p = 0.016 ) and D20 ( p = 0.016 ) relative to the baselines . both constipation symptoms and disease-specific HRQOL , the experimental group demonstrated the greatest improvement after receiving AA at both D10 and D20 compared with the other two groups . current findings indicated positive clinical value of AA with magnetic pellets in managing constipation in elderly RCH residents . was also found to be a safe and acceptable intervention ."
2074,Abstract #2074,"compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide ( IVT ) versus intravitreal bevacizumab ( IVB ) for the treatment of macular edema ( ME ) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion . , consecutive , clinical interventional study . total of 31 consecutive patients ( 32 eyes ) with ME associated with central retinal vein occlusion were randomized to 2 groups . eyes were treated with intravitreal injection of 4 mg/0 .1 mL preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide ; 16 eyes received IVB 1.25 mg/0 .05 mL . were given additional injections if they had ME as determined by optical coherence tomography 3 months after the first treatment or visual acuity loss of at least 2 lines in a Snellen chart . visual acuity , slit-lamp biomicroscopy , intraocular pressure , fundus fluorescein angiography , optical coherence tomography , the number of required injections , and adverse events were recorded during the 9-month follow-up period . visual acuity was significantly improved at 2 weeks and 1 , 3 , 6 , and 9 months after injection in both the IVT and IVB groups , but no statistical difference was found between the 2 treatment groups during the 9-month follow-up period . mean central macular thickness decreased at 1 , 3 , 6 , and 9 months after injection within each treatment group , and no statistical difference was found between the 2 treatment groups at any time during the follow-up period ( P > 0.05 ) . who received IVT treatment appeared to have quicker visual recovery and improved central macular thickness at Week 2 compared with those who received IVB treatment . of 16 eyes in the IVT group and 12 of 16 eyes in the IVB group required a repeated injection because of recurrent ME or unresolved intraretinal or subretinal fluid . mean number of treatment was 1.31 0.48 in the IVT group , as compared with 2.38 1.04 in the IVB group . intraocular pressure increase was found only in the IVT group , and six patients received topical intraocular pressure lowering medication , and one patient required trabeculectomy . membranes were developed in 2 patients in the IVT group . is a prospective interventional study evaluating the efficacy and safety outcomes of IVT and IVB treatment for ME secondary to central retinal vein occlusion . IVT and IVB treatments can effectively improve best-corrected visual acuity and reduce central macular thickness in patients with ME secondary to central retinal vein occlusion without systemic side effects ; no statistical differences were found in either best-corrected visual acuity or mean central macular thickness measurement between the two treatment groups . the effect of triamcinolone acetonide and that of bevacizumab were not permanent , and less injections were performed in the IVT group . , triamcinolone acetonide causes more adverse events than bevacizumab ."
2075,Abstract #2075,"evaluate the prognostic significance of the initial cerebro-spinal fluid ( CSF ) involvement of children with ALL enrolled from 1989 to 1996 in the EORTC 58881 trial . ( 2025 ) were categorised according to initial central nervous system ( CNS ) status : CNS-1 ( CNS negative , n = 1866 ) , CNS-2 ( < 5 leucocytes/mm ( 3 ) , CSF with blasts , n = 50 ) , CNS-3 ( CNS positive , n = 49 ) , TLP + ( TLP with blasts , n = 60 ) . therapy consisted in intravenous ( i.v. ) methotrexate ( 5 g/sqm ) in 4-10 courses , and intrathecal methotrexate injections ( 10-20 ) , according to CNS status . irradiation was omitted in all patients . the CNS1 , TLP + , CNS2 and CNS3 group the 8-year EFS rate ( SE % ) was 69.7 % ( 1.1 % ) , 68.8 % ( 6.2 % ) , 71.3 % ( 6.5 % ) and 68.3 % ( 6.2 % ) , respectively . 8-year incidence of isolated CNS relapse ( SE % ) was 3.4 % ( 0.4 % ) , 1.7 % ( 1.7 % ) , 6.1 % ( 3.5 % ) and 9.4 % ( 4.5 % ) , respectively , whereas the 8-year isolated or combined CNS relapse incidence was 7.6 % ( 0.6 % ) , 3.5 % ( 2.4 % ) , 10.2 % ( 4.4 % ) and 11.7 % ( 5.0 % ) , respectively . with CSF blasts had a higher rate of initial bad risk features . analysis indicated that presence of blasts in the CSF had no prognostic value : ( i ) for EFS and OS ; ( ii ) for isolated and isolated or combined CNS relapse ; WBC count < 25 10 ( 9 ) / L and Medac E-coli asparaginase treatment were each related to a lower CNS relapse risk . presence of initial CNS involvement has no prognostic significance in EORTC 58881 . of CNS-directed chemotherapy , without CNS radiation , is an effective treatment of initial meningeal leukaemic involvement ."
2076,Abstract #2076,"compare subclinical infection rate in the vaccinated group with type I inactivated vaccine against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) with that in the controls and to understand its enhancement . trial field was selected in Jiande County , Zhejiang Province during July 1974 to November 1997 . before and after vaccination were collected from 401 vaccinee and 360 controls , respectively . titer of indirect immunofluorescent IgG antibody ( IFAT ) against HFRS was detected for each of them , and its cut-off value depended on the distribution of serum antibody titer in the second determination in the controls , which could be used to evaluate subclinical infection before vaccination . was no significant difference in subclinical infection between those with positive and negative IFAT before vaccination , with different cut-off values for identifying subclinical infection . both vaccinated and control groups with negative IFA before vaccination , subclinical infection rate was 7.62 % in the controls , and 2.17 % and 1.63 % in the vaccinated ones , with cut-off values of 1:160 and 1:320 , respectively , significantly different from that in the former . infection rate was 11.38 % and 6.78 % in the vaccinated ones , as cut-off values of 1:20 and 1:40 , respectively , without significant difference from the controls . increase in subclinical infection in the vaccinated group with type I inactivated vaccine against HFRS was found ."
2077,Abstract #2077,"treatments that achieve a higher remission rate than those currently available are urgently needed . thyroid hormone triiodothyronine may potentiate antidepressant effects . determine the antidepressant efficacy and safety of liothyronine sodium ( triiodothyronine ) when administered concurrently with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline hydrochloride to patients with major depressive disorder . , randomized , 8-week , placebo-controlled trial . referral centers . total of 124 adult outpatients meeting unmodified DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder without psychotic features . were randomized to receive sertraline hydrochloride ( 50 mg/d for 1 week ; 100 mg/d thereafter ) plus liothyronine sodium ( 20-25 microg/d for 1 week ; 40-50 microg/d thereafter ) or sertraline plus placebo for 8 weeks . primary outcome measure was categorical response to treatment ( > or = 50 % decrease in scores on the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression from baseline to study end point ) . rate ( final Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score , < or = 6 ) was a secondary outcome measure . Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression response rates were 70 % and 50 % in the sertraline-liothyronine and sertraline-placebo groups , respectively ( P = .02 ; odds ratio , 2.93 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.23-7 .35 ) ; remission rates were 58 % with sertraline-liothyronine and 38 % with sertraline-placebo ( P = .02 ; odds ratio , 2.69 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.16-6 .49 ) . T ( 3 ) values were lower in patients treated with sertraline-liothyronine who had remissions than in those without remissions ( t ( 48 ) = 3.36 ; P < .002 ) . patients treated with sertraline-liothyronine , remission was associated with a significant decrease in serum thyrotropin values ( F ( 1,73 ) = 4.00 ; P < .05 ) . were no significant effects of liothyronine supplementation on frequency of adverse effects . results demonstrate enhancement of the antidepressant effect of sertraline by concurrent treatment with liothyronine without a significant increase in adverse effects . antidepressant effect of liothyronine may be directly linked to thyroid function ."
2078,Abstract #2078,"determine whether management of incomplete first-trimester abortion with vaginal misoprostol in an under-resourced setting is a viable treatment option . total of 94 women were randomized to 600 microg of misoprostol intravaginally or to surgical curettage . women receiving misoprostol were administered a second dose if the abortion was incomplete ; and if still not complete after a week , evacuation of retained products of conception was performed . women had a follow-up visit 2 weeks following complete abortion . overall success rate of medical management was 91.5 % , with 15 of 47 successful cases after 1 dose of misoprostol ; 8.5 % of the 47 women required evacuation of retained products of conception after 1 week because of treatment failure . success rate in the surgical arm was 100 % . in the medical arm had a longer duration of bleeding and a greater need for analgesia . were no differences in hemoglobin levels , white blood cell count , adverse effects , pain score , and satisfaction with treatment at the follow-up visit . , more women who received the medical treatment would recommend it or choose it in the future . management using 600 microg of misoprostol in 2 doses is effective to treat incomplete first-trimester abortions in an under-resourced setting when there is no evidence of uterine sepsis ."
2079,Abstract #2079,"report the interim 34-week safety and efficacy results of a 3-year study to evaluate an investigational intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide ( FA ) implant in patients with noninfectious posterior uveitis . , dose-masked , dose-randomized , historically controlled , multicenter trial in patients with unilateral or bilateral disease . total of 278 patients with recurrent noninfectious posterior uveitis were randomized to receive a 0.59-mg ( n = 110 ) or 2.1-mg ( n = 168 ) implant . patients with bilateral disease , the more severely affected eye received the implant . implant was inserted surgically into the vitreous cavity through a pars plana incision . visits were scheduled on day 2 , week 1 , and then every 4 to 6 weeks through 34 weeks after implantation . , periocular , and topical therapies were reduced as allowed by the clinical response . primary efficacy outcome was a comparison of the recurrence rate in the implanted eye from the 34 weeks before implantation to the 34 weeks after implantation . acuity ( VA ) , need for adjunctive therapy , and safety also were assessed . both doses , the FA implant reduced the rate of recurrences from 51.4 % in the 34 weeks preceding implantation to 6.1 % postimplantation ( P < 0.0001 ) in the study eyes . , there was a significant increase in the recurrence rate in the fellow nonimplanted eyes from 20.3 % preimplantation to 42.0 % postimplantation ( P < 0.0001 ) . acuity was stabilized or improved in 87 % of implanted eyes and generally was associated with reductions in the area of macular hyperfluorescence . percentage of eyes that required systemic medications , periocular injections , and topical corticosteroids decreased from 52.9 % , 63.0 % , and 35.7 % , respectively , preimplantation to 12.1 % , 2.2 % , and 16.5 % postimplantation ( P < or = 0.0001 in all cases ) . week 34 , 51.1 % of implanted eyes required ocular antihypertensive drops , and 5.8 % underwent glaucoma filtering surgery . opacity scores increased by > or = 2 grades in 19.8 % of phakic implanted eyes , and 9.9 % required cataract surgery . were no statistically significant differences in any of the parameters studied for the 0.59-mg implant , compared with the 2.1-mg implant . FA implant significantly reduced uveitis recurrences , improved VA , and decreased the need for adjunctive therapy in the studied patient population . most common side effects included increased intraocular pressure and cataract progression ."
2080,Abstract #2080,"years have elapsed since the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study reported on the early course and treatment of major depression within the mental health sector . similar methods , an observational study was conducted to assess relationships between initial depression severity , personality dysfunction and other baseline characteristics , subsequent treatment , and 3-month outcomes among persons admitted to public and voluntary sector outpatient clinics , including 1 academic program . 2-stage sampling technique was used to recruit subjects ( N = 165 ) diagnosed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV , Patient Version , as having a major depression episode . and clinical characteristics were assessed at admission . on treatment and outcome were obtained at 3 months using structured instruments from the Longitudinal Interview Follow-up Evaluation . regression was used to assess hypothesized predictors of early recovery . were carried out in the total sample and after dichotomizing subjects by baseline depression severity . ( 30.3 % ) of the 165 subjects met recovery criteria . than half of the subjects ( 45 % ) met criteria for adequate pharmacotherapy . severe depression , having received adequate antidepressant treatment , female sex , and being married independently predicted early recovery . the more depressed subgroup , early recovery was associated with female sex . less severely depressed subjects , high personality dysfunction scores and being married were significant predictors . depression severity and receiving adequate pharmacotherapy predict early recovery in individuals with major depression seeking outpatient treatment . minority of persons receive intensive antidepressant treatment . severe personality dysfunction and being married predicts early recovery among persons with less severe depression ."
2081,Abstract #2081,"investigate the relative efficacy of ciclesonide and fluticasone propionate ( FP ) administered at comparable microgram doses in maintaining asthma control in patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma . randomized , open-label , parallel-group study enrolled patients aged 12-75 years with a 6-month history of bronchial asthma . enter a 2-week run-in period , patients had to have received FP 500-1000 microg/day or equivalent at a stable dose for 4 weeks and have a forced expiratory volume in 1s ( FEV 1 ) 80 % of predicted . enter the treatment period , patients had to have the following during run-in : FEV 1 80 % of predicted ; reversibility of Delta FEV 1 12 % after 200-400 microg salbutamol ; and 1 day without asthma symptoms during the last 7 days . were randomized to twice-daily ciclesonide 320 microg ( ex-actuator ) or twice-daily FP 330 microg ( ex-actuator ) for 6 months . was assessed by lung function , asthma exacerbations , asthma symptoms and rescue medication use . completed the standardized version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ [ S ] ) . events ( AEs ) , including local oropharyngeal AEs , were recorded . patients were randomized ( ciclesonide , n = 255 ; FP , n = 273 ) . both groups , FEV 1 was maintained from baseline to study end ( mean increase : ciclesonide 11 mL , FP 24 mL ; intention-to-treat [ ITT ] analysis ) . least squares mean + / - standard error of the mean for the treatment difference was -13 + / -29 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : -70 , 44 ) in the ITT analysis and -27 + / -34 ( 95 % CI : -93 , 40 ) in the per-protocol ( PP ) analysis , demonstrating non-inferiority of ciclesonide to FP . , evening and site-measured PEF improved significantly with both treatments ( ITT and PP analyses : p < 0.05 ) . patients receiving ciclesonide and seven receiving FP ( ITT analysis ) experienced an asthma exacerbation requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids . treatments significantly decreased asthma symptom score sum ( ITT and PP analyses : p0 .0001 ) and rescue medication use ( ITT and PP analyses : p < 0.05 ) , with no significant difference between treatments . treatments significantly improved overall AQLQ ( S ) score ( ITT and PP analyses : p < 0.05 ) . more patients experienced candidiasis and dysphonia with FP compared with ciclesonide ( p = 0.0023 ) . 320 microg and FP 330 microg administered twice daily over 6 months provided similar efficacy in patients with moderate or severe persistent asthma previously well-controlled by high doses of ICS at baseline . was associated with fewer local AEs than FP ."
2082,Abstract #2082,"for colorectal liver metastases results in an overall survival of about 40 % at 5 years . survival is increased with the addition of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil chemotherapy . addition of cetuximab to these chemotherapy regimens results in an overall survival advantage in patients with advanced disease who have the KRAS exon 2 wild-type tumour genotype . aimed to assess the benefit of addition of cetuximab to standard chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastasis . with KRAS exon 2 wild-type resectable or suboptimally resectable colorectal liver metastases were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive chemotherapy with or without cetuximab before and after liver resection . was done using minimisation with factors of surgical centre , poor prognostic tumour ( one or more of : 4 metastases , N2 disease , or poor differentiation of primary tumour ) , and previous adjuvant treatment with oxaliplatin . consisted of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously over 2 h and fluorouracil bolus 400 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously over 5 min , followed by a 46 h infusion of fluorouracil 2400 mg/m ( 2 ) repeated every 2 weeks ( regimen one ) or oxaliplatin 130 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously over 2 h and oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m ( 2 ) twice daily on days 1-14 repeated every 3 weeks ( regimen two ) . who had received adjuvant oxaliplatin could receive irinotecan 180 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously over 30 min with fluorouracil instead of oxaliplatin ( regimen three ) . was given as an intravenous dose of 500 mg/m ( 2 ) every 2 weeks with regimen one and three or a loading dose of 400 mg/m ( 2 ) followed by a weekly infusion of 250 mg/m ( 2 ) with regimen two . primary endpoint was progression-free survival . is an interim analysis , up to Nov 1 , 2012 , when the trial was closed , having met protocol-defined futility criteria . trial is registered , ISRCTN22944367 . KRAS exon 2 wild-type patients were randomised to chemotherapy alone and 129 to chemotherapy with cetuximab between Feb 26 , 2007 , and Nov 1 , 2012.117 patients in the chemotherapy alone group and 119 in the chemotherapy plus cetuximab group were included in the primary analysis . median follow-up was 21.1 months ( 95 % CI 12.6-33 .8 ) in the chemotherapy alone group and 19.8 months ( 12.2-28 .7 ) in the chemotherapy plus cetuximab group . an overall median follow-up of 20.7 months ( 95 % CI 17.9-25 .6 ) and 123 ( 58 % ) of 212 required events observed , progression-free survival was significantly shorter in the chemotherapy plus cetuximab group than in the chemotherapy alone group ( 14.1 months [ 95 % CI 11.8-15 .9 ] vs 20.5 months [ 95 % CI 16.8-26 .7 ] , hazard ratio 1.48 , 95 % CI 1.04-2 .12 , p = 0.030 ) . most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were low neutrophil count ( 15 [ 11 % ] preoperatively in the chemotherapy alone group vs six [ 4 % ] in the chemotherapy plus cetuximab group ; four [ 4 % ] vs eight [ 8 % ] postoperatively ) , embolic events ( six [ 4 % ] vs eight [ 6 % ] preoperatively ; two [ 2 % ] vs three [ 3 % ] postoperatively ) , peripheral neuropathy ( six [ 4 % ] vs one [ 1 % ] preoperatively ; two [ 2 % ] vs four [ 4 % ] postoperatively ) , nausea or vomiting ( four [ 3 % ] vs six [ 4 % ] preoperatively ; four [ 4 % ] vs two [ 2 % ] postoperatively ) , and skin rash ( two [ 1 % ] vs 21 [ 15 % ] preoperatively ; 0 vs eight [ 8 % ] postoperatively ) . were three deaths in the chemotherapy plus cetuximab group ( one interstitial lung disease and pulmonary embolism , one bronchopneumonia , and one pulmonary embolism ) and one in the chemotherapy alone group ( heart failure ) that might have been treatment related . of cetuximab to chemotherapy and surgery for operable colorectal liver metastases in KRAS exon 2 wild-type patients results in shorter progression-free survival . investigations to explore the molecular basis for this unexpected interaction are needed but at present the use of cetuximab in this setting can not be recommended ."
2083,Abstract #2083,", a nitric oxide ( NO ) donor , has been reported to inhibit insulin release in isolated pancreatic islets . studied whether transdermal application of nitroglycerin , another NO donor widely used for angina prophylaxis , influenced glucose-stimulated insulin release in healthy , young , male volunteers . glucose tolerance tests [ ( OGTT ) 75 g glucose in 200 mL of water ) were performed in the presence of placebo patches or nitroglycerin-releasing ` active ' patches ( approx . mg hour-1 nitroglycerin ) in the same patients with a 2-week intertest interval . blood samples were taken before and 15 , 30 , 60 , 90 , 120 and 180 min after the glucose load and evaluated for plasma glucose level and immunoreactive insulin responses ( radioimmunoassay ) . maximum increase in plasma insulin immunoreactivity were 36.3 + / - 5 and 78.8 + / - 6.1 mU mL-1 ( P < 0.05 ) in the presence of active and placebo patches , respectively . , both fasting and postload blood glucose levels were the same at either patch . patches significantly decreased blood pressure with a marginal increase in heart rate . conclude that inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by transdermal nitroglycerin without causing hyperglycaemia may serve as a novel component of the antianginal mechanism of action of nitrates ."
2084,Abstract #2084,"cardiovascular magnetic resonance ( CMR ) can accurately quantify myocardial perfusion reserve . regadenoson is increasingly employed due to ease of use , imaging protocols have not been standardized . sought to determine the optimal regadenoson CMR protocol for quantifying myocardial perfusion reserve index ( MPRi ) - more specifically , whether regadenoson stress imaging should be performed before or after rest imaging . healthy subjects underwent CMR perfusion imaging during resting conditions , during regadenoson-induced hyperemia ( 0.4 mg ) , and after 15 min of recovery . 10/20 subjects , recovery was facilitated with aminophylline ( 125 mg ) . time-intensity curves were used to obtain left ventricular cavity-normalized myocardial up-slopes . was calculated in two different ways : as the up-slope ratio of stress to rest ( MPRi-rest ) , and the up-slope ratio of stress to recovery ( MPRi-recov ) . all 20 subjects , MPRi-rest was 1.78 0.60 . up-slope did not return to resting levels , regardless of aminophylline use . patients not receiving aminophylline , MPRi-recov was 3616 % lower than MPRi-rest ( 1.130.38 vs. 1.820.73 , P = 0.001 ) . the 10 patients whose recovery was facilitated with aminophylline , MPRi-recov was 2024 % lower than MPRi-rest ( 1.400.35 vs. 1.730.43 , P = 0.04 ) , indicating incomplete reversal . 3 subjects not receiving aminophylline and 4 subjects receiving aminophylline , up-slope at recovery was greater than at stress , suggesting delayed maximal hyperemia . measurements from regadenoson CMR are underestimated if recovery perfusion is used as a substitute for resting perfusion , even when recovery is facilitated with aminophylline . resting images should be used to allow accurate MPRi quantification . delayed maximal hyperemia observed in some subjects deserves further study . NCT00871260 ."
2085,Abstract #2085,"of Helicobacter pylori is viewed as a major driver of progression to the precancerous state or to gastric cancer . study was performed to investigate the effect of H. pylori infection on gastric cancer development and to determine to what extent H. pylori eradication is likely to reduce the prevalence of gastric cancer . cancer development was investigated in 1790 Korean subjects who underwent gastroscopy and H. pylori testing between 1992 and 1998 . effects of H. pylori-positive and eradicated states on gastric cancer development were analyzed . cancer developed in 5 of the study cohort during a mean follow-up period of 9.4 years . of these patients were positive for H. pylori infection , and 4 of the 5 had antral intestinal metaplasia ( IM ) at the time of study enrollment . of these 5 patients was in an eradicated state when the gastric cancer was diagnosed , and had histologic IM before eradication therapy was performed . cancer was found to develop 10.9 times more frequently in the presence of IM than in its absence . present study shows a close relationship between H. pylori infection and IM , and between IM and the development of gastric cancer . addition , our finding suggests that chronic H. pylori infection looks like an important risk factor for the development of gastric cancer in Korea , where the prevalence of H. pylori remains high . study indicates that to prevent gastric cancer H. pylori eradication is best performed before the development of IM ."
2086,Abstract #2086,"lymphadenectomy remains an integral part of breast cancer treatment , yet seroma formation occurs in 15 % to 85 % of cases . methods employed to reduce seroma magnitude and duration , fibrin glue has been proposed in numerous studies , with controversial results . patients underwent quadrantectomy or mastectomy with level I/II axillary lymphadenectomy ; a suction drain was fitted in all patients . glue spray and a collagen patch were applied to the axillary fossa in 25 patients ; the other 25 patients were treated conventionally . drainage was removed between postoperative days 3 and 4 . magnitude and duration were significantly reduced ( P = .004 and .02 , respectively ) and there were fewer evacuative punctures in patients receiving fibrin glue and collagen patches compared with the conventional treatment group . of fibrin glue with collagen patches does not always prevent seroma formation , but it does reduce seroma magnitude and duration , as well as necessary evacuative punctures ."
2087,Abstract #2087,"ablation is increasingly used to manage atrial fibrillation , but arrhythmia recurrences are common . might identify pulmonary veins at risk of reconnection by unmasking dormant conduction , and thereby guide additional ablation to improve arrhythmia-free survival . assessed whether adenosine-guided pulmonary vein isolation could prevent arrhythmia recurrence in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation . did this randomised trial at 18 hospitals in Australia , Europe , and North America . enrolled patients aged older than 18 years who had had at least three symptomatic atrial fibrillation episodes in the past 6 months , and for whom treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug failed . pulmonary vein isolation , intravenous adenosine was administered . dormant conduction was present , patients were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) to additional adenosine-guided ablation to abolish dormant conduction or to no further ablation . no dormant conduction was revealed , randomly selected patients were included in a registry . were masked to treatment allocation and outcomes were assessed by a masked adjudicating committee . were followed up for 1 year . primary outcome was time to symptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia after a single procedure in the intention-to-treat population . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01058980 . unmasked dormant pulmonary vein conduction in 284 ( 53 % ) of 534 patients . ( 694 % ) of 147 patients with additional adenosine-guided ablation were free from symptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia compared with 58 ( 423 % ) of 137 patients with no further ablation , corresponding to an absolute risk reduction of 271 % ( 95 % CI 159-382 ; p < 00001 ) and a hazard ratio of 044 ( 95 % CI 031-064 ; p < 00001 ) . 115 patients without dormant pulmonary vein conduction , 64 ( 557 % ) remained free from symptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia ( p = 00191 vs dormant conduction with no further ablation ) . of serious adverse events were similar in each group . death ( massive stroke ) was deemed probably related to ablation in a patient included in the registry . testing to identify and target dormant pulmonary vein conduction during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is a safe and highly effective strategy to improve arrhythmia-free survival in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation . approach should be considered for incorporation into routine clinical practice . Institutes of Health Research , St Jude Medical , Biosense-Webster , and M Lachapelle ( Montreal Heart Institute Foundation ) ."
2088,Abstract #2088,"assess the impact of valdecoxib on the incidence of macular edema , after scleral buckling surgery . randomized double masked placebo controlled study . undergoing scleral buckle surgery over 18 months were recruited and randomized to receive either oral valdecoxib or placebo . also received two doses of either parecoxib ( pro-drug of valdecoxib ) intravenously 40 mg 6 hourly day one postoperative or identical placebo injection Patients underwent retinal examination , optical coherence tomography and retinal thickness analyzer scan of the macula preoperatively , and at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively . measures were the incidence of macular edema , retinal thickness , visual acuity , contrast sensitivity and presence of persistent subretinal fluid . analysis was performed with 116 patients were recruited , 58 to each treatment arm . incidence of macular edema in all patients was 5 % at visit 1 and 2.2 % at visit 2 postoperatively . incidence was much lower than the expected incidence used in the power calculation to determine study size . was therefore apparent that a much larger study population would be required to test for an effect and that this was not achievable within the study time period . study was therefore terminated early . was no evidence of a difference between COX 2 inhibitor and placebo groups in the incidence of edema , retinal thickness or visual outcome . presence of residual subretinal fluid at the macula was significantly reduced by COX 2 inhibitor treatment . rate of cystoid macular edema after scleral buckling surgery is low and is not influenced by prophylactic use of valdecoxib . rate of residual subretinal fluid was reduced by COX 2 inhibitor treatment . antiinflammatory therapy has the potential to improve outcomes in scleral buckling surgery ."
2089,Abstract #2089,"important phase of HIV prevention research is replicating successful interventions with different groups and in different settings . Proud ! Responsible ! a successful intervention originally targeting black urban males and carried out in nonschool settings , was presented in health classes at urban and suburban schools with diverse student bodies . group-randomized intervention study , which included 1,357 ninth and 10th graders from 10 paired schools in a Midwestern metropolitan area , was conducted in 2000-2002 . the schools received the intervention , and half received a general health promotion program . ' reports of their sexual behavior and selected cognitive mediators were analyzed immediately following the programs and four and 12 months later . with students who received the control curriculum , students exposed to the intervention reported significantly greater knowledge of HIV , other STDs and condoms ; greater confidence in their ability to control sexual impulses , to use condoms and to negotiate the use of condoms ; and stronger intentions to use condoms . analyses revealed that the strongest intervention impacts were on knowledge and efficacy among males and students attending suburban schools . intervention had no impact on sexual initiation , frequency of intercourse or condom use . are a logical and viable setting for the dissemination and acquisition of information about HIV , including prevention strategies . , the behavioral impact of an intervention may not be easily transferable when the program is taught outside a carefully controlled , nonschool setting ."
2090,Abstract #2090,"the field of intelligence research , it has been shown that some people conceive intelligence as a fixed trait that can not be changed ( entity beliefs ) , whereas others conceive it as a malleable trait that can be developed ( incremental beliefs ) . about writing ? people hold similar implicit theories about the nature of their writing ability ? , are these beliefs likely to influence students ' response to a writing intervention ? aimed to develop a scale to measure students ' implicit theories of writing ( pilot study ) and to test whether these beliefs influence strategy-instruction effectiveness ( intervention study ) . the pilot and intervention studies participated , respectively , 128 and 192 students ( Grades 5-6 ) . on existing instruments that measure self-theories of intelligence , we developed the Implicit Theories of Writing ( ITW ) scale that was tested with the pilot sample . the intervention study , 109 students received planning instruction based on the self-regulated strategy development model , whereas 83 students received standard writing instruction . were evaluated before , in the middle , and after instruction . 's validity was supported by piloting results and their successful cross-validation in the intervention study . this , intervention students wrote longer and better texts than control students . , latent growth curve modelling showed that the more the intervention students conceived writing as a malleable skill , the more the quality of their texts improved . research is of educational relevance because it provides a measure to evaluate students ' implicit theories of writing and shows their impact on response to intervention ."
2091,Abstract #2091,"optimal exercise training intensity and strategy for individualized exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) is not clear . study compares the effects of nonlinear periodized exercise ( NLPE ) training used in athletes to traditional endurance and progressive resistance ( EPR ) training in patients with severe COPD . total of 110 patients with severe COPD ( FEV1 32 % predicted ) were randomized to EPR or NLPE . training was performed three times per week for 10 weeks . primary outcomes were cycling endurance time and health-related quality of life using the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire . difference in change between EPR and NLPE was assessed using linear mixed-effects modeling . resulted in significantly greater improvements in cycling endurance time compared with EPR . difference in change was +300.6 seconds ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 197.2-404 .2 s ; P < 0.001 ) . also resulted in significantly greater improvements in all domains of the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire compared with EPR , ranging from +0.48 ( 95 % CI = 0.19-0 .78 ) for the domain , emotions , to +0.96 ( 95 % CI = 0.57-1 .35 ) for dyspnea . results in greater improvements in cycle endurance and health-related quality of life in patients with severe COPD than traditional training methods . trial registered with www.trialregister.nl ( The Netherlands Trial Register ; NTR 1045 ) ."
2092,Abstract #2092,"at a safe method in the diagnosis of aluminium-related bone disease ( ARBD ) / aluminium overload the low-dose desferrioxamine ( DFO ) test was developed . a multicentre study histological and histochemical data and aluminium bulk analysis of bone biopsies of 77 dialysis patients were correlated with the results of both the 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg DFO tests . was considered to be present when > 15 % of the bone surface was positively stained for aluminium and the bone formation rate was below 220 microns 2/mm2/day . in which the Aluminon staining was positive ( > 0 % ) were considered at an increased risk for aluminium toxicity independent of the type of renal osteodystrophy . were considered aluminium overloaded when the bone aluminium content was > 15 micrograms/g wet weight and/or the Aluminon staining was positive ( > 0 % ) . the proposed criteria 15 patients were found to have ARBD ; 13 of them presenting with a serum iPTH below 150 ng/l . conjunction with an iPTH measurement the DFO test had a more than acceptable sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of ARBD . test was considered positive when a post-DFO serum aluminium increment ( delta sA1 ) above 50 micrograms/l ( 5 mg/kg ) or 70 micrograms/l ( 10 mg/kg ) together with a serum iPTH below 150 ng/l was found . these cut-off levels the 5 and 10 mg/kg tests in the diagnosis of ARBD had a sensitivity of 87 % and a specificity of 95 % and 92 % respectively whereas the predictive value for a positive test for the population under study was 80 % ( 5 mg/kg ) . a single patient with a serum iPTH > 650 ng/l had a positive staining ( > 0 % ) even when the bone aluminium level was elevated ( > 15 micrograms/g wet weight ) . the detection of patients at risk for aluminium toxicity delta sA1 thresholds of 50 micrograms/l ( 5 mg/kg ) and 70 micrograms/l ( 10 mg/kg ) in combination with a serum iPTH < 650 ng/l had a sensitivity of 92 % and specificity of 86 % and 84 % respectively . the clinical setting of aluminium overload , threshold delta sA1 levels of 50 micrograms/l ( 5 mg/kg ) and 70 micrograms/l ( 10 mg/kg ) had a sensitivity of 91 % and a specificity of 95 % and 90 % respectively . low-dose DFO test is a reliable test for the detection of aluminium overload ; however , it is not specific enough to differentiate between ARBD , increased risk of aluminium toxicity , and aluminium overload unless it is used in combination with a serum iPTH measurement . conjunction with a serum iPTH measurement it is an important tool in the differential diagnosis and may avoid the necessity of a bone biopsy in the majority of patients . obtained in the present study have allowed us to update the strategies for monitoring , diagnosis and patient follow-up proposed at the Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Aluminium Overload in End-Stage Renal Failure ; Paris , 1992 ."
2093,Abstract #2093,"Thiazide diuretics are the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive agent in the treatment of hypertension . studies to date have isolated conclusively the effect of diuretic therapy on patient quality of life , and particularly on sexual dysfunction . We carried out a randomized placebo-controlled trial of the effect of thiazide diuretics on quality of life in mildly hypertensive men between the ages of 35 and 70 years . a 1-month washout period off diuretic therapy , the men were randomized to a 2-month trial of a thiazide treatment or placebo . the end of the trial , 176 men completed a confidential self-administered questionnaire assessing aspects of social performance , general well-being , and emotional and physiologic states . Patients taking diuretics reported significantly greater sexual dysfunction than control subjects , including decreased libido , difficulty in gaining and maintaining an erection , and difficulty with ejaculation . analysis suggested that the findings were not mediated by low serum potassium levels or by low blood pressure . dysfunction was noted more often in the confidential self-report questionnaire than in response to direct questions from clinicians . found no differences between diuretic and placebo groups in measures of mood , general sense of well-being , ability to work , alertness , and social/recreational activities . Thiazide diuretic use is associated with male sexual dysfunction but does not appear to adversely affect other aspects of quality of life ."
2094,Abstract #2094,"phospholipase A ( 2 ) ( Lp-PLA ( 2 ) ) has been suggested as an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in epidemiological studies . sought to evaluate Lp-PLA ( 2 ) as a risk factor for future cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes ( ACS ) and to elucidate the relationship between Lp-PLA ( 2 ) and other known risk markers in ACS patients and healthy control subjects . samples were obtained at randomization in a random subset of ACS patients in the FRISC II ( n = 1362 ) and GUSTO IV ( n = 904 ) studies and in 435 apparently healthy controls of similar age and gender . Lp-PLA ( 2 ) ( mass ) levels were 305 ng/mL ( FRISC II ) , 373 ng/mL ( GUSTO IV ) , and 254 ng/mL ( healthy controls ) . delay from symptom onset did not influence Lp-PLA ( 2 ) levels . the FRISC II patients and healthy controls , Lp-PLA ( 2 ) was significantly correlated with cholesterol ( r = 0.3 ) , low-density lipoprotein ( r = 0.4 and r = 0.3 , respectively ) , and C-reactive protein ( r = 0.08 and r = 0.1 , respectively ) , all P < 0.01 . ( 2 ) was not correlated with age , interleukin-6 , troponin T , or NT-proBNP in any of the three cohorts . was no difference in the composite of death and myocardial infarction at 30 days ( GUSTO IV ) or 180 days ( FRISC II ) in relation to low , middle , and top tertiles of Lp-PLA ( 2 ) at randomization . FRISC II , the 1 year mortality was 4.2 , 4.2 , and 4.8 % in the low , middle , and top Lp-PLA ( 2 ) tertiles , respectively , P = 0.8 . GUSTO IV , 1 year mortality was 7.0 , 8.3 , and 9.6 % in the low , middle , and top Lp-PLA ( 2 ) tertiles , respectively , P = 0.5 . patients had higher Lp-PLA ( 2 ) levels than healthy controls . ( 2 ) was significantly correlated to lipid levels but only weakly correlated or unrelated to other well-established risk markers in ACS . risk of future cardiovascular events or mortality was not related to Lp-PLA ( 2 ) levels in ACS patients . biological role of Lp-PLA ( 2 ) and its role as a risk marker in ACS patients still remain unclear ."
2095,Abstract #2095,"assess the efficacy and side effects of immersive virtual reality ( VR ) distraction analgesia , as well as patient factors associated with VR analgesic efficacy in burn patients who require passive range-of-motion ( ROM ) physical therapy ( PT ) . , randomized , controlled , within-subject trials . level I burn center in a university-affiliated urban hospital . ( age range , 6-65y ) who required passive ROM PT in sessions lasting 3 to 15 minutes after cutaneous burn injury . analgesic ( opioid and/or benzodiazepine ) care and standard analgesic care plus immersive VR distraction . subjective pain ratings ( 0 to 100 graphic rating scale ) . total of 146 treatment comparisons were made in 88 subjects , 75 % of whom were children ages 6 to 18 years . with standard analgesic treatment alone , the addition of VR distraction resulted in significant reductions in subjective pain ratings for worst pain intensity ( 20 % reduction ) , pain unpleasantness ( 26 % reduction ) , and time spent thinking about pain ( 37 % reduction ) . ' age , sex , ethnicity , size of initial burn injury , or duration of therapy session did not affect the analgesic effects of VR distraction . with the standard care plus VR distraction condition was infrequent ( 15 % ) and mild , with 85 % of the subjects reporting no nausea . provided higher subjective reports of `` presence '' in the virtual environment and `` realness '' of the virtual environment than did adults , but age did not affect the analgesic effects of VR distraction . added to standard analgesic therapy , VR distraction provides a clinically meaningful degree of pain relief to burn patients undergoing passive ROM PT . patient factors do not appear to affect the analgesic effect . VR distraction is a safe and effective nonpharmacologic technique with which to provide adjunctive analgesia to facilitate patient participation in rehabilitation activities ."
2096,Abstract #2096,"examined the feasibility of using gene expression changes in human prostate epithelium as a measure of response to a dietary intervention . men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were randomized to a low-fat/low-glycemic load intervention arm ( < 20 % energy from fat and total daily glycemic load < 100 ) or a `` standard American '' control arm ( approximately 35 % energy from fat and total daily glycemic load > 200 ) . tissue was collected before randomization and approximately 6 weeks later , at the time of radical prostatectomy . was acquired by laser capture microdissection , and transcript abundance levels were measured by cDNA microarray hybridization and confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR . in the intervention arm consumed 39 % less total energy ( P = 0.004 ) and the difference in weight change between intervention and control arms was -6.1 kg ( P = 0.02 ) . the intervention arm , 23 ( 0.46 % ) of 5,711 cDNAs with measurable expression were significantly altered ( P < 0.05 ; false discovery rate , < or = 10 % ) . the control arm , there were no significant changes in transcript expression , even when using a false discovery rate as high as 50 % . 6-week , low-fat/low-glycemic load diet was associated with significant gene expression changes in human prostate epithelium . results show the feasibility of using prostate tissues collected at diagnosis and at surgery to study the effects of dietary manipulation on prostate tissue , which may give insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations of diet and obesity with the development or progression of prostate cancer ."
2097,Abstract #2097,"evaluate the role of transabdominal amnioinfusion in improving the perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes ( pPROM ) . randomised controlled trial . teaching hospital in Italy , obstetric unit . Women with singleton pregnancies complicated by pPROM , between 24 + 0 and 32 + 6 weeks of gestation . were randomised 24 hours after admission to our referral hospital , to expectant management with transabdominal amnioinfusion or expectant management only . effects of transabdominal amnioinfusion on pPROM-delivery interval and on perinatal outcomes . the 65 women with pPROM 34 met the inclusion criteria . women were assigned to amnioinfusion ( the amnioinfusion group ) and the other 17 to expectant management . with the control group ( median : 8 days ; range : 3-14 ) , the pPROM-delivery period was significantly longer in women who underwent amnioinfusion ( median : 21 days ; range : 15-29 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . with amnioinfusion were less likely to deliver within seven days since pPROM ( RR : 0.18 ; range : 0.04-0 .69 95 % CI ) or within two weeks ( RR : 0.46 ; range : 0.21-1 .02 95 % CI ) . the amnioinfusion group the neonatal survival was significantly higher at each gestational age ( P < 0.01 , Yates 's correction for Log Rank Test ) with a reduction in pulmonary hypoplasia . demonstrated that compared with standard expectant management the treatment with transabdominal amnioinfusion after pPROM resulted in significant prolongation of pregnancy and better neonatal outcomes ."
2098,Abstract #2098,"determine whether the Short-Term Executive Plus ( STEP ) cognitive rehabilitation program improves executive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) . , waitlist controlled trial with minimization and blinded outcome assessment . . with TBI and executive dysfunction ( N = 98 ; TBI severity 50 % moderate/severe ; mean time since injury SD , 1214y ; mean age SD , 4514y ; 62 % women ; 76 % white ) . program : 12 weeks ( 9h/wk ) of group training in problem solving and emotional regulation and individual sessions of attention and compensatory strategies training . analysis was used to create a composite executive function measure using the Problem Solving Inventory , Frontal Systems Behavior Scale , Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome , and Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview . regulation was assessed with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale . primary attention measure was the Attention Rating and Monitoring Scale . measures included neuropsychological measures of executive function , attention , and memory and measures of affective distress , self-efficacy , social participation , and quality of life . mixed-effects analyses revealed significant treatment effects for the composite executive function measure ( P = .008 ) and theFrontal Systems Behavior Scale ( P = .049 ) and Problem Solving Inventory ( P = .016 ) . found no between-group differences on the neuropsychological measures or on measures of attention , emotional regulation , self-awareness , affective distress , self-efficacy , participation , or quality of life . STEP program is efficacious in improving self-reported post-TBI executive function and problem solving . research is needed to identify the roles of the different components of the intervention and its effectiveness with different TBI populations ."
2099,Abstract #2099,"assess the impact of a supportive intervention on the duration of breastfeeding . community based cluster-randomized trial in Western Denmark . health visitors and 781 mothers in the intervention group , and 57 health visitors and 816 mothers in the comparison group . visitors in the intervention group received an 18-h course . intervention addressed maternal psychosocial factors and consisted of 1-3 home visits during the first 5 weeks post-partum . visitors in the comparison group offered their usual practice . of exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months of follow-up . in the intervention group had a 14 % lower cessation rate ( HR = 0.86 CI : 0.75-0 .99 ) . results were seen for primipara , and multipara with previously short breastfeeding experience . in the intervention group received their first home visit earlier , had more visits and practical breastfeeding training within the first 5 weeks . in the intervention group were breastfed more frequently , fewer used pacifiers , and their mothers reported more confidence in not knowing the exact amount of milk their babies had received when being breastfed . visits in the first 5 weeks following birth may prolong the duration of exclusive breastfeeding . support should focus on both psychosocial and practical aspects of breastfeeding . with no or little previous breastfeeding experience require special attention ."
2100,Abstract #2100,"investigate the outcomes and complication rates of urinary diversion using mechanical bowel preparation ( BP ) with 3 day conventional and limited BP method through a standard perioperative care plan . study was designed as a prospective randomized multicenter trial . patients were randomized to 2 groups . in standard 3-day BP protocol received diet restriction , oral antibiotics to bowel flora , oral laxatives , and saline enemas over a 3-day period , whereas limited the BP arm received liberal use of liquid diet , sodium phosphate laxative , and self administered enema the day before surgery . patients received same perioperative treatment protocol . endpoints for the assessment of outcome were anastomotic leakage , wound infection , wound dehiscence , intraperitoneal abscess , peritonitis , sepsis , ileus , reoperation , and mortality . function recovery , including time to first bowel movement , time to first oral intake , time to regular oral intake , and length of hospital stay were also assessed . patients in 3-day BP and 56 in limited BP arm were evaluable for the study end points . , 1 patient in limited BP and 2 patients in 3-day BP arm died . was no statistical difference in any of the variables assessed throughout the study , however , a favorable return of bowel function and time to discharge as well as lower complication rate were observed in limited BP group . all endpoints , including septic and nonseptic complications , current clinical research offers no evidence to show any advantage of 3-day BP over limited BP ."
2101,Abstract #2101,"test the impact of training for educators on the health of children enrolled in public and philanthropic day-care nurseries . randomised , institutional , non-blind clinical trial was conducted . educational intervention was performed in four day-care centres and the control group consisted of four other day-care centres . with the mothers , collection of blood from the children by digital puncture and anthropometry were performed . chosen indicator for the improvement of health was anaemia ( Hb < 11 g/dl ) . unconditional logistic regression model was set for the risk factors for anaemia , considering associations with P 005 as statistically significant . day-care centres in the city of Sao Paulo , Brazil . hundred and fifty-two children from day-care nurseries . children from the day-care centres that were not subject to intervention presented a 211 times greater risk ( 95 % CI 104 , 430 ; P = 040 ) of having anaemia at the end of the study independent of the control variables ( sex , age , time in the day-care centre , anaemia at the beginning of the study , maternal age , use of oral iron supplements , number of siblings , per capita family income , use of antibiotics and the necessity of avoidable hospitalisations ) used in the construction of the final logistical model . assessed educational intervention promoted significant changes in the health status of the children , reinforcing the importance of training for professionals who care for young children in day-care centres in developing countries in order to promote child health ."
2102,Abstract #2102,"growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) has been hypothesised to modulate the effectiveness of anti-HER2 therapy . used a standardised , quantitative immunofluorescence assay and a novel EGFR antibody to evaluate the correlation between EGFR expression and clinical outcome in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group ( NCCTG ) N9831 trial . microarrays were constructed that allowed analysis of 1365 patients randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy alone ( Arm A ) , sequential trastuzumab after chemotherapy ( Arm B ) and chemotherapy with concurrent trastuzumab ( Arm C ) . of EGFR was performed using the EGFR antibody , D38B1 , on the fluorescence-based AQUA platform . result was validated using an independent retrospective metastatic breast cancer cohort ( n = 130 ) . growth factor receptor assessed as a continuous ( logarithmic transformed ) variable shows an association with disease-free survival in Arm C ( P = 0.009 ) but not in Arm A or B. High EGFR expression was associated with worse outcome ( Hazard ratio ( HR ) = 2.15 ; 95 % CI 1.28-3 .60 , P = 0.004 ) . in a Greek metastatic breast cancer cohort showed an HR associated with high EGFR expression of 1.92 ( P = 0.0073 ) . expression of EGFR appears to be associated with decreased benefit from adjuvant concurrent trastuzumab . other treatment options exist for HER2-driven tumours , further validation of these data may select patients for alternative or additive therapy ."
2103,Abstract #2103,"study evaluated the safety and hemostatic effectiveness of a tranexamic acid - and aprotinin-free fibrin sealant versus an absorbable hemostat in soft tissue during elective retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal surgery . randomized , active-controlled , multicenter study enrolled patients who were undergoing elective retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal surgery and required adjunctive hemostatic measures at the target bleeding site ( TBS ) . were randomized ( time = 0 minutes ) to receive fibrin sealant or absorbable hemostat . primary endpoint was the absence of bleeding at the TBS at 10 minutes . endpoints included the absence of bleeding at 4 and 7 minutes and the incidence of treatment failure ( bleeding at 10 minutes or brisk bleeding requiring additional hemostatic measures ) , and the incidence of complications potentially related to bleeding . events were assessed . ( N = 124 ) were randomized to receive fibrin sealant ( n = 62 ) or absorbable hemostat ( n = 62 ) . higher percentage of patients who received fibrin sealant versus absorbable hemostat achieved hemostasis within 10 minutes ( 95.2 % vs 82.3 % ; 95 % CI , 1.02-1 .35 ) and also at 4 ( 74.2 % vs 54.8 % ; 95 % CI , 1.04-1 .80 ) and 7 ( 90.3 % vs 77.4 % ; 95 % CI , 1.00-1 .39 ) minutes . lower incidence of treatment failure was observed for patients receiving fibrin sealant . incidences of adverse events and complications potentially related to bleeding were observed . tranexamic acid - and aprotinin-free fibrin sealant is safe and effective for achieving hemostasis in soft tissue during elective retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal surgery ."
2104,Abstract #2104,"compare the effect of a modified fat , monounsaturated-fat-enriched diet and a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet with high lycopene content on the serum concentration of lycopene and other carotenoids . randomised crossover dietary intervention study . , Australia -- Healthy free-living men . total of 13 healthy males between the age of 20 and 70 y , recruited via advertisements in newspapers and university newsletter . randomised dietary intervention with two diets of 14 days each . two diets were -- ( 1 ) high-fat monounsaturated-fat-enriched ( MUFA ) and ( 2 ) high-carbohydrate low-fat ( HCLF ) . the diets contained the same basic foods and a controlled carotenoid content high in lycopene . significant increase in serum total lycopene occurred , by 126 % on the MUFA diet ( P < 0.001 ) and 108 % on the HCLF diet ( P = 0.001 ) . reduction in serum cryptoxanthin ( 27 % on MUFA diet and 25 % on HCLF ) and alpha-carotene ( 43 % on the MUFA diet and 25 % on the HCLF diet ) was observed . change was observed for the other carotenoids . the end of the two diets , no statistically significant difference was observed for lycopene or the other carotenoids . all , 15 % of energy from fat or 38 % of energy from fat ( predominantly monounsaturated fat ) in the diet does not have a significant differential effect on serum lycopene . study was partially funded by the Grains Research Development Corporation , Canberra and Meadow Lea Foods Ltd , Mascot , Australia . Heinz , Melbourne , Australia provided the tomato products and some funds for their carotenoid analysis ."
2105,Abstract #2105,"factor IX inhibition in patients with acute coronary syndrome/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( ACS/NSTEMI ) , a setting characterized by increased factor IX activity , is critical to investigate the REG1 system in this target population . REG1 system ( Regado Biosciences , Basking Ridge , NJ ) consists of pegnivacogin ( RB006 ) , an RNA aptamer that directly inhibits factor IXa , and anivamersen ( RB007 ) , its complementary control agent . is a Phase 2b study investigating the use of pegnivacogin in patients ( n = 800 ) with ACS undergoing planned early cardiac catheterization . validate dose selection and stability of anticoagulation throughout the time of cardiac catheterization at an early stage of the clinical trial , 33 patients , 22 of whom had not received recent prior heparin , underwent thorough pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment . prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time ( aPTT ) was used to impute factor IX inhibition . 1 mg/kg rapidly achieved a high pegnivacogin plasma concentration ( 26.1 4.6 g/mL ) , prolonged the aPTT ( mean aPTT 93.0 9.5 s ) , and approached near complete factor IX inhibition ( mean fold increase from baseline 2.9 0.3 ) . levels remained stable from the time of drug administration through completion of the catheterization . administered at a weight-adjusted dose of 1 mg/kg consistently achieves a high level of factor IX activity inhibition among patients with ACS and provides stable anticoagulation during cardiac catheterization . findings support the dose of pegnivacogin selected for the RADAR study ."
2106,Abstract #2106,"see if subcutaneous heparin prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism given into the abdominal wall caused more haematomas after repair of inguinal hernia than the same dose given into the shoulder . control trial . hospital . consecutive patients admitted for elective inguinal hernia repair . injections of sodium heparin 5,000 IU given either into the abdominal wall or the shoulder , the first two hours , before , and the last 24 hours after operation . of haematoma after operation . was no significant difference in the incidence of haematoma between the groups . formation was associated with a fall in systolic blood pressure of more than 25 % ( p = 0.055 ) , which in turn was significantly associated with age over 60 years ( p less than 0.0003 ) . of heparin subcutaneously into the abdominal wall does not lead to more wound haematomas than injection into the shoulder . formation seems to be associated with a drop in systolic blood pressure of 25 % or more , and thus requires further investigation ."
2107,Abstract #2107,"estrogen therapy can reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women . present , however , these beneficial effects are not separable from undesirable stimulation of breast and endometrial tissues . studied the effect of raloxifene , a nonsteroidal benzothiophene , on bone mineral density , serum lipid concentrations , and endometrial thickness in 601 postmenopausal women . women were randomly assigned to receive 30 , 60 , or 150 mg of raloxifene or placebo daily for 24 months . women receiving each dose of raloxifene had significant increases from base-line values in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine , hip , and total body , whereas those receiving placebo had decreases in bone mineral density . example , at 24 months , the mean ( + / - SE ) difference in the change in bone mineral density between the women receiving 60 mg of raloxifene per day and those receiving placebo was 2.4 + / -0.4 percent for the lumbar spine , 2.4 + / -0.4 percent for the total hip , and 2.0 + / -0.4 percent for the total body ( P < 0.001 for all comparisons ) . concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in all the raloxifene groups , whereas serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides did not change . thickness was similar in the raloxifene and placebo groups at all times during the study . proportion of women receiving raloxifene who reported hot flashes or vaginal bleeding was not different from that of the women receiving placebo . therapy with raloxifene increases bone mineral density , lowers serum concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and does not stimulate the endometrium ."
2108,Abstract #2108,"of local anesthetics and opioids are frequently used during spinal and epidural analgesia for the relief of labor pain . combination allows for a dose-sparing effect which may reduce potential side effects or toxicity . precise nature of the interaction between opioids and local anesthetics in the clinical setting , i.e. , additivity versus synergism , has not been established . trial was designed to utilize a validated technique of analysis of drug interactions , isobolography , to investigate this interaction . hundred healthy laboring patients at term receiving a combined spinal and epidural technique were divided into nine groups as follows : intrathecal sufentanil 2 , 5 , or 10 microg ( 2 mL volume ) and epidural saline ( 10 mL ) ; epidural bupivacaine 5 , 12.5 , or 25 mg and intrathecal saline ( 2 mL volume ) ; or combination of l , 2.5 , and 5 microg intrathecal sufentanil plus 2.5 , 6.25 , or 12.5 mg epidural bupivacaine , using similar volumes , respectively . drugs were administered in a randomized , double-blind fashion . relief scores were assessed 20 minutes after drug injection , and isobolographic analysis was utilized to determine the nature of the interaction . ED50 of intrathecal sufentanil alone was 2.3 microg ( 95 % CI 1.7-3 .2 ) , and the ED50 for epidural bupivacaine was 24 mg ( 95 % CI 12-50 ) . combined sufentanil and bupivacaine fractional dose ED50 ( in fractions of the single-dose ED50 values ) was found to be approximately one-third and one-tenth of the single drug fractional dose , respectively : sufentanil 0.85 microg ( 0.36 ) and bupivacaine 2.2 mg ( 0.09 ) . duration of analgesia was nearly equivalent in all sufentanil-alone groups ( 83 , 102 , and 99 minutes ) ; a dose-response effect was more apparent in the bupivacaine group ( 35 , 42 , and 74 minutes ; P = .006 ) and the combination group ( 60 , 79 , 101 minutes ; P = .028 ) . showed the combination dose to lie well within the area of synergism ; however , the 95 % confidence limits cross the line of additivity thus a pure additive interaction can not be excluded . reduced doses of these drugs in combination can be used to provide adequate analgesia during labor compared with either single drug alone ."
2109,Abstract #2109,"sought to determine the safety and efficacy of high-dose bolus ( HDB ) tirofiban in high-risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . use of HDB tirofiban in the catheterization laboratory is controversial . particular , in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing PCI , there is no evidence that tirofiban administered in the catheterization laboratory is superior to heparin alone . finding probably reflects the suboptimal platelet inhibition when tirofiban is employed at RESTORE ( Randomized Efficacy Study of Tirofiban for Outcomes and Restenosis ) regimen . total of 202 patients ( mean age 69 + / - 8 years ; 137 males [ 68 % ] ) undergoing high-risk PCI , pretreated with thienopyridines , were consecutively randomized to HDB tirofiban ( 25 microg/kg/3 min , and infusion of 0.15 microg/kg/min for 24 to 48 h ) or placebo immediately before the procedure and then followed for a median time of 185 days ( range 45 to 324 days ) for the occurrence of the primary composite end point of death , myocardial infarction , target vessel revascularization ( TVR ) , and bailout use of glycoprotein ( GP ) IIb/IIIa inhibitors . cumulative incidence of the primary end point was 35 % and 20 % in placebo and HDB tirofiban groups , respectively ( hazard ratio 0.51 , 95 % confidence interval 0.29 to 0.88 ; p = 0.01 ) . difference was mainly due to the reduction of myocardial infarction and bailout use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors , with no significant effect on TVR or death . safety profile did not differ between tirofiban and placebo . use of tirofiban , when administered at HDB , is safe and significantly reduces the incidence of ischemic/thrombotic complications during high-risk PCI ."
2110,Abstract #2110,"study the feasibility of using Narcotrend ( NCT ) in monitoring the anesthetic depth during endotracheal intubation in sevoflurane anesthesia . ASA I-II patients ( aged 20-49 years ) undergoing gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were randomized into sevoflurane group ( n = 15 ) and sevoflurane plus rocuronium group ( n = 15 ) . the former group , anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane at the primary concentration of 8 % till the final end expiratory concentration reaching 2 MAC ( minimum alveolar concentration ) for 3 min , followed then by tracheal intubation and further observation of the indicators for another 3 min . patients in sevoflurane plus rocuronium group received identical anesthesia procedures except for the administration of intravenous injection of rocuronium ( 0.6 mg/kg ) after the loss of eyelash reflex . NCT , BIS and hemodynamics were recorded during the process . significant differences were noted in NCT , bispectral index ( BIS ) , MAP and heart rate before tracheal intubation between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . NCT and BIS increased significantly after tracheal intubation in sevoflurane group ( P < 0.05 ) , but remained below 60 . significant changes in NCT and BIS occurred during intubation in sevoflurane plus rocuronium group ( P > 0.05 ) . mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate were significantly increased in both groups after tracheal intubation in comparison with those before tracheal intubation ( P < 0.05 ) , but the increment in sevoflurane group was significantly greater ( P < 0.05 ) . may reflect the changes of the anesthetic depth resulting from the nociceptive stimulus of tracheal intubation in sevoflurane - induced anesthesia . and BIS can not serve such a purpose in combined anesthesia with sevoflurane and rocuronium ."
2111,Abstract #2111,"long-term efficacy and tolerability of the antidepressant reboxetine , a unique selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ( selective NRI ) , were assessed in an international study . hundred eighty-three patients with recurrent DSM-III-R major depression who responded to 6 weeks of reboxetine treatment ( > or = 50 % decrease in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [ HAM-D ] total score ) were randomly assigned to receive reboxetine or placebo for 46 weeks in a double-blind phase . ( > or = 50 % increase in HAM-D total score and/or a HAM-D total score > or = 18 ) rate was the principal assessment criterion and included patients who experienced relapse or recurrence . patients who remained relapse-free at the end of the first 6-month treatment period were included in the relapse rate assessment at the end of the second 6-month treatment period . was associated with a markedly lower relapse rate than placebo ( 22 % vs. 56 % ; p < .001 ) and a greater cumulative probability of a maintained response ( p = .0001 ) during long-term treatment . in remission ( HAM-D total score < or = 10 ) at the time of random assignment were less likely to relapse ( 16 % reboxetine , 48 % placebo ; p < .001 ) . proportion of patients who were relapse-free and therefore remained in the study was significantly ( p < or = .001 ) higher among those on reboxetine treatment than on placebo at the end of the first ( 61 % vs. 40 % ) and second ( 88 % vs. 59 % ) 6 months of treatment . efficacy measures supported these findings . incidence of adverse events with reboxetine was low and comparable with that for placebo . due to adverse events occurred infrequently . treatment over 1 year is more effective than placebo in the prevention of relapse in patients with recurrent depression . low relapse rates at the end of the second 6 months of treatment further suggest that reboxetine effectively prevents recurrence of depressive symptoms following episode resolution . is well tolerated in long-term treatment of depression , a finding that bodes well for long-term patient compliance ."
2112,Abstract #2112,"treatment has been reported to lower the risk of recurrent ischaemic heart disease . influence of macrolides on the expansion rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms ( AAAs ) remains unknown . aim was to investigate the effect of roxithromycin on the expansion rate of small AAAs . total of 92 subjects with a small AAA were recruited from two populations . population consisted of 6339 men aged 65-73 years who were offered a hospital-based mass screening programme for AAA . this population 66 subjects were recruited . remaining 26 men were recruited from among 49 subjects diagnosed at interval screening for an initial aortic diameter between 25 and 29 mm . were randomized to receive either oral roxithromycin 300 mg once daily for 28 days or matching placebo , and followed for a mean of 1.5 years . the first year the mean annual expansion rate of AAAs was reduced by 44 [ corrected ] per cent in the intervention group ( 1.56 mm per year ) , compared with 2.80 mm per year following placebo ( P = 0.02 ) . the second year the difference was only 5 per cent [ corrected ] . linear regression analysis showed that roxithromycin treatment and initial AAA size were significantly related to AAA expansion when adjusted for smoking , diastolic blood pressure and immunoglobulin A level of 20 or more [ corrected ] . regression analysis confirmed a significant difference in expansion rates above 2 mm annually between the intervention and placebo groups : odds ratio = 0.09 ( 95 per cent confidence interval 0.01-0 .83 ) [ corrected ] . comparison to placebo , roxithromycin 300 mg daily for 4 weeks reduced the expansion rate of AAAs ."
2113,Abstract #2113,"study radiographically evaluated the changes that occur in jaw defects after enucleation of cysts and either grafting with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft ( DFDBA ) or packing with absorbable gelatine sponge ( Gelfoam ) . patients ( 14 males , 18 females ) with cystic lesions of the jaws were divided into two groups . A underwent enucleation and bone grafting with DFDBA . B underwent enucleation and packing with Gelfoam . groups were evaluated radiographically before surgery , immediately postoperatively , and 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months postoperatively . density of the area was measured with a digital densitometer . density in group A was significantly ( P < .05 to .01 ) greater than in group B at 6 and 12 months postoperatively . difference at 24 months was not significant . A reached density levels at 6 months that were reached by group B at 12 months . findings demonstrate that decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft enhances bone healing in jaw defects after cyst removal ."
2114,Abstract #2114,"aim of the study was to examine the predictive value of QRS duration and morphology during watchful waiting in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis ( AS ) . duration and morphology are associated with poor prognosis in many different populations , but the predictive value , particularly of the risk of sudden cardiac death ( SCD ) , in asymptomatic patients with AS has not been well studied . were obtained in asymptomatic AS patients randomized to simvastatin/ezetimibe combination versus placebo in the SEAS ( Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis ) study . impact of QRS duration , evaluated as a categorical variable of < 85 ms versus 85 to 99 ms and 100 ms ( excluding bundle branch block [ BBB ] ) and QRS morphology in those with BBB , on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was assessed by adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic covariates . data were available in 1,542 patients who were followed for a mean of 4.3 0.8 years ( 6,631 patient-years of follow-up ) . were 68 cardiovascular deaths ( 4.6 % ) , including 27 SCDs ( 1.8 % ) . duration was < 85 ms in 900 patients ( 58.4 % ) , 85 to 99 ms in 396 ( 25.7 % ) , 100 ms in those without BBB in 144 ( 9.3 % ) , and 102 ( 6.6 % ) in those with BBB . multivariable analyses , those with QRS duration 100 ms had , compared with those with QRS duration < 85 ms , a 5-fold higher risk of SCD ( 95 % confidence interval : 1.8 to 13.7 , p = 0.002 ) and a 2.5-fold higher risk of cardiovascular death ( 95 % confidence interval : 1.2 to 5.1 , p = 0.01 ) . duration and morphology in asymptomatic patients with AS are independently associated with a poor prognosis , particularly the risk of SCD ."
2115,Abstract #2115,"assess the quality of life ( QOL ) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) given triple-bead mixed amphetamine salts ( MAS ) , a long-acting amphetamine formulation designed for a duration of action of up to 16 hours . adults with ADHD ( DSM-IV-TR criteria ) were randomly assigned to 7 weeks of double-blind treatment with an optimal dose of triple-bead MAS ( 12.5 mg to 75 mg ) ( N = 137 ) or placebo ( N = 137 ) . a secondary objective of this study , QOL was assessed on the basis of self-reported Adult ADHD Impact Module ( AIM-A ) scores , describing ADHD-specific QOL in 6 domains and global QOL ( questions 1-4 ) . assess safety , data were collected on adverse events , vital signs , electrocardiograms , laboratory tests , and sleep quality . trial was conducted from January 2005 to June 2005 . significant improvement between triple-bead MAS and placebo was observed in all 6 ADHD-specific AIM-A subscales . addition , statistically significant improvement in global QOL between triple-bead MAS and placebo was seen , based on AIM-A question 1 ( p = .0006 ) and question 4 ( p = .0001 ) . ' age , gender , race , and prior use of stimulant medication were not found to significantly affect AIM-A subscale scores . most common treatment-emergent adverse events with triple-bead MAS ( insomnia , dry mouth , decreased appetite , headache , and weight decreased ) were consistent with amphetamine treatment , and their incidence generally decreased with time . with ADHD showed significantly improved QOL for both ADHD-specific and global measures with triple-bead MAS in comparison to placebo , based on AIM-A scores . adverse events were mostly mild to moderate in intensity and were consistent with amphetamine treatment . Identifier : NCT00150579 ."
2116,Abstract #2116,"who suffer from mental fatigue after a stroke or traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) have a drastically reduced capacity for work and for participating in social activities . no effective therapy exists , the aim was to implement a novel , non-pharmacological strategy aimed at improving the condition of these patients . study tested a treatment with mindfulness-based stress reduction ( MBSR ) . results of the programme were evaluated using a self-assessment scale for mental fatigue and neuropsychological tests . participants with stroke and 11 with TBI were included . the subjects were well rehabilitated physically with no gross impairment to cognitive functions other than the symptom mental fatigue . participants were randomized for inclusion in the MBSR programme for 8 weeks , while the other 14 served as controls and received no active treatment . who received no active treatment were offered MBSR during the next 8 weeks . significant improvements were achieved in the primary end-point -- the self-assessment for mental fatigue -- and in the secondary end-point -- neuropsychological tests ; Digit Symbol-Coding and Trail Making Test . results from the present study show that MBSR may be a promising non-pharmacological treatment for mental fatigue after a stroke or TBI ."
2117,Abstract #2117,"identify predictors of smoking abstinence at the end of medication use that could assist in the optimal use of a sustained-release ( SR ) form of bupropion for treating cigarette smokers . double-blind , placebo-controlled , dose-response trial . ( three sites ) study conducted in the United States . hundred fifteen healthy men and women ( > or = 18 years of age ) who were smoking > or = 15 cigarettes per day and who were motivated to stop smoking . assignment of patients to placebo or SR bupropion treatment , 100 , 150 , or 300 mg/d , for 7 weeks ( total duration of study was 52 weeks : 7 weeks of treatment and 45 weeks of follow-up ) . regression was used to identify predictors of abstinence at the end of the medication phase . predictors included the following : bupropion dose ( p < 0.001 ) ; older age ( p = 0.024 ) ; lower number of cigarettes smoked per day ( cpd ) ( p < 0.001 ) ; lower Fagerstrm Tolerance Questionnaire score ( p = 0.011 ) ; longest time previously abstinent that was < 24 h or > 4 weeks ( p < 0.001 ) ; absence of other smokers in the household ( p = 0.021 ) ; greater number of previous stop attempts ( p = 0.019 ) ; and study site ( p = 0.004 ) . predictors of abstinence at the end of the medication phase were the following : higher bupropion dose ( p < 0.001 ) ; lower number of cpd ( p < 0.001 ) ; longest time previously abstinent from smoking ( p = 0.002 ) ; male gender ( p = 0.014 ) ; and study site ( p = 0.021 ) . SR therapy was effective in treating cigarette smokers independently of all other characteristics studied . smoking rate , brief periods ( ie , < 24 h ) or long periods ( ie , > 4 weeks ) of abstinence with previous attempts to stop smoking , and male gender were predictive of better outcomes , independent of the dose of bupropion that was used ."
2118,Abstract #2118,"hypothesis tests whether sealing the tonsillectomy field with posterior pillar mucosa can prevent unwanted outcomes in pediatric tonsillectomy . prospective , randomized , single blinded study was conducted on a sample of 39 children between 3 and 15 years of age . dissection and snare tonsillectomy , the tonsillar fossa was covered on one side using the palatopharyngus mucosa and the other side is used as control . scores , healing , edema and infection at the operation site were investigated . tonsillectomy sites were randomly assigned into one of two groups . group contained the ones with mucosal flap sealed over the operation site and the second group was kept as control with the operation site left uncovered . of the patients received mild analgesics . pain assessment is done on Days 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 and 10 postoperatively , by using Wong-Baker faces visual analog scale . the 10th postoperative day , the operation field of each side is scored separately for edema , healing and infection . investigation was performed through a software program . first postoperative day , pain level difference was not statistically significant between the two groups ( p > 0.01 ) . from 3rd to 10th postoperative day , the pain level was found out to be lower in the mucosa sealed site ( p < 0.01 ) . the 10th postoperative day , while the edema was significantly more ( p < 0.01 ) , healing was better ( p < 0.01 ) at the sutured site . infection at operation site was not different between the groups ( p > 0.01 ) . tonsillectomy field with mucosal palatopharyngeal arch flap significantly reduces pain after third postoperative day . flap side had better healing when compared to denuded site . the sutures in the mucosal flap may cause more tissue edema . have no significant effect on postoperative infection . , mucosal flap may be used as an adjuvant surgical technique to decrease tonsillectomy pain of children in addition to the analgesic medication ."
2119,Abstract #2119,"effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in the prevention of surgical site infection ( SSI ) after elective colorectal surgery is dependent on many factors , including the body mass index ( BMI ) of the patient . this study , the association of BMI and type of antibiotic prophylaxis with SSI was evaluated in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery . post-hoc analysis was performed using data obtained from a multicenter randomized , double-blind study of 1,002 patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery who received prophylactic administration of ertapenem ( 1 g ) or cefotetan ( 2 g ) . 650 evaluable patients , the effect of BMI and type of antibiotic prophylaxis on SSI rates was assessed four weeks after surgery . bowel preparation was standardized , and no patient received oral antibiotics ; intravenous antibiotics were not repeated during or after surgery . majority of patients had a BMI between 18.5 and 39.9 kg/m2 . of the type of prophylaxis , SSI rates were significantly higher in patients with a BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 than in those with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 . , failure , defined as SSI , was significantly less common after ertapenem than after cefotetan prophylaxis at both BMI < 30 kg/m2 ( 12.7 % vs. 26.4 % , respectively ; difference -13.7 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] -21.0 , -6.5 ) and BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 ( 26.7 % vs. 41.9 % , respectively ; difference -15.3 ; 95 % CI -28.2 , -2.0 ) . most prevalent type of SSI was superficial incisional infection , which was more common with both treatments in patients with a BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 ; however , the incidence of superficial SSI was lower after ertapenem than cefotetan prophylaxis . patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery , the incidence of SSI , specifically superficial incisional SSI , was higher in patients with a BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 , regardless of the prophylactic antibiotic given . prophylaxis was more effective than cefotetan in the prevention of SSI at any BMI ."
2120,Abstract #2120,"compare intraocular pressure ( IOP ) over time after standard trabeculectomy vs Ex-PRESS implantation in patients with bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) . , randomised study . study included adult patients with bilateral POAG necessitating surgery . patient underwent trabeculectomy in one eye and Ex-PRESS implantation under a scleral flap in the other eye according to randomised contralateral allocations . was assessed by IOP values and success rates ( IOP threshold and/or need for topical glaucoma medication ) during 30 months . analysis included Generalised Estimate Equation and Cox Survival models , and paired t-tests . eyes of 15 patients were studied for a mean of 23.6 months ( SD , 6.9 ) . the last follow-up visit , mean pre-operative IOP decreased from 31.1 ( 14.2 ) to 16.2 ( 1.5 ) mm Hg after trabeculectomy , and from 28.1 ( 9.0 ) to 15.7 ( 1.8 ) mm Hg after Ex-PRESS implantation ( P = 0.001 ) . mean number of anti-glaucoma medicines prescribed at the last follow-up decreased from 3.7 pre-operatively ( both groups ) to 0.9 after trabeculectomy vs 0.3 after Ex-PRESS implantation ( P = 0.001 ) . success rates ( 5 < IOP < 18 mm Hg without medications ) were higher with Ex-PRESS compared with trabeculectomy ( P = 0.0024 ) . complications were more frequent after trabeculectomy ( 33 % ) compared with Ex-PRESS ( 20 % ) , with four trabeculectomy eyes ( 27 % ) needing postoperative interventions , compared with none with Ex-PRESS . and Ex-PRESS implantation provided similar IOP control , but the Ex-PRESS group had a lower rate of complications , fewer postoperative interventions , and needed less glaucoma medications ."
2121,Abstract #2121,"has promising preclinical activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , but has not been evaluated in multidrug treatment of tuberculosis in humans . compare the impact of moxifloxacin versus ethambutol , both in combination with isoniazid , rifampin , and pyrazinamide , on sputum culture conversion at 2 mo as a measure of the potential sterilizing activity of alternate induction regimens . with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized in a factorial design to receive moxifloxacin ( 400 mg ) versus ethambutol given 5 d/wk versus 3 d/wk ( after 2 wk of daily therapy ) . doses were directly observed . primary endpoint was sputum culture status at 2 mo of treatment . 336 patients enrolled , 277 ( 82 % ) were eligible for the efficacy analysis , 186 ( 67 % ) were male , 175 ( 63 % ) were enrolled at African sites , 206 ( 74 % ) had cavitation on chest radiograph , and 60 ( 22 % ) had HIV infection . cultures were negative in 71 % of patients ( 99 of 139 ) treated with moxifloxacin versus 71 % ( 98 of 138 ) treated with ethambutol ( p = 0.97 ) . receiving moxifloxacin , however , more often had negative cultures after 4 wk of treatment . treated with moxifloxacin more often reported nausea ( 22 vs. 9 % , p = 0.002 ) , but similar proportions completed study treatment ( 88 vs. 89 % ) . frequency had little effect on 2-mo culture status or tolerability of therapy . addition of moxifloxacin to isoniazid , rifampin , and pyrazinamide did not affect 2-mo sputum culture status but did show increased activity at earlier time points ."
2122,Abstract #2122,"( hepatitis A vaccine inactivated , Merck & Co. , Inc. , West Point , PA ) is licensed for use in healthy adults in a two-dose schedule at 0 and 6 months . determine whether the responses to a booster dose of VAQTA administered to adults 12 or 18 months after the first dose were similar to the response when the booster dose was administered 6 months after the first dose . adults were randomized to receive 50-U of VAQTA at 6 ( Group I ) , 12 ( Group II ) , or 18 months ( Group III ) following receipt of Dose 1 on Day 0 . samples were collected immediately prior to Doses 1 and 2 and then , 4 weeks following Dose 2 . rates ( SPRs ) , geometric mean titers ( GMTs ) in milli-international units per milliliter ( mIU/ml ) and booster response rates ( BRRs ) were compared among treatment groups . data were collected on Vaccination Report Cards . serious adverse experiences were reported , and the vaccine was well-tolerated by subjects in the three treatment groups . month following the booster dose , SPRs and GMTs for Groups I , II , and III , respectively , were , 100 % ( 102/102 ) and 6726.4 mIU/ml ; 97.9 % ( 93/95 ) and 4863.8 mIU/ml ; 100 % ( 86/86 ) and 6068.3 mIU/ml . BRRs were 88.2 % ( Group I ) , 90.2 % ( Group II ) and 94.2 % ( Group III ) . to the booster dose were comparable regardless of the timing ( i.e. 6 , 12 , or 18 months following Dose 1 ) . in the timing of the booster dose of VAQTA in adults would allow the vaccination schedule to be the same for adults , adolescents , and children and may increase the likelihood that adults receive the booster dose ."
2123,Abstract #2123,"evaluate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on the recovery of heart rate over 1 min after peak exercise of patients who received coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery . subjects who received CABG surgery were randomly assigned to enter or not enter a cardiac rehabilitation exercise programme ( cardiac rehabilitation n = 15 ; control group n = 15 ) . cardiac rehabilitation centre in a national medical hospital . assigned to the cardiac rehabilitation group received 36 sessions of the exercise programme , three times a week , with the intensity designed to achieve an individual 60-85 % peak heart rate in cardiopulmonary exercise test . assigned to the control group did not get further advice about a specific exercise programme . heart rate and recovery of heart rate over 1 min after a peak exercise test at discharge and three months later were collected . heart rates were analysed with computer-recorded electrocardiogram . follow-up , the 15 patients in the cardiac rehabilitation group had a significantly lower resting heart rate ( 77.46 + / -9.49 versus 92.31 + / -10.18 bpm ; p < 0.001 ) and a significantly higher recovery of heart rate over 1 min ( 16.38 + / -6.32 versus 11.38 +4.81 bpm ; p = 0.03 ) compared with the control group . were also significant reductions in resting heart rates ( cardiac rehabilitation p < 0.001 ; control p = 0.05 ) and improvements in recovery on heart rate over 1 min ( cardiac rehabilitation p < 0.001 ; control p = 0.001 ) compared with baseline measurements in both the cardiac rehabilitation and control groups . rehabilitation had a positive effect on the improvement of recovery on heart rate over 1 min in patients with coronary artery disease who received CABG surgery ."
2124,Abstract #2124,"investigate the contribution of processing speed in the prediction of various domains of outcome in psychosis . were drawn from the UK700 Case Management Trial of 708 patients with chronic psychotic illness . analyses were applied to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between processing speed at baseline and measures of service use , social outcome and subjective outcome , taking into account current psychopathology and adjusting for baseline values of the outcome measure . , processing speed was associated with all three domains of outcome , although only associations in the social and subjective outcome domain remained significant after controlling for psychopathology and the effects differed between and within domains of outcome . , only the subjective outcome measure of number of met and unmet needs ( CAN ) was weakly associated with baseline neurocognitive performance after adjustment for baseline needs . associations disappeared after adjustment for the baseline measure of outcome and/or baseline psychopathology . finding of weak cross-sectional associations in the absence of specific and unconfounded longitudinal associations suggests that processing speed is an independent dimension of disease severity rather than a causal factor impacting on social outcome . , longitudinal change in patient reported needs may be weakly sensitive to baseline cognitive impairment ."
2125,Abstract #2125,"determine the effect of neutral oligosaccharides [ small-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides ( scGOS/lcFOS ) ] in combination with acidic oligosaccharides ( pAOS ) on stool viscosity , stool frequency and stool pH in preterm infants . this explorative RCT , preterm infants with gestational age < 32 weeks and/or birth weight < 1500 g received enteral supplementation with scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS or placebo ( maltodextrin ) between days 3 and 30 of life . samples were collected at day 30 after birth . total , 113 infants were included . and nutritional characteristics were not different between both groups . viscosity at day 30 was lower in the prebiotics group ( 16.8 N ) ( 3.9-67 .8 ) compared with the placebo group ( 26.3 N ) ( 1.3-148 .0 ) ( p = 0.03 ; 95 % CI -0.80 to 0.03 ) . was a trend towards higher stool frequency in the prebiotics group ( 3.1 0.8 ) compared with the placebo group ( 2.8 0.7 ) ( p = 0.15 ; 95 % CI -0.08 to 0.52 ) . pH at day 30 was lower in the in the prebiotics group ( 5.9 0.6 ) compared with the placebo group ( 6.2 0.3 ) ( p = 0.009 ; 95 % CI 0.08 to 0.53 ) . supplementation of a prebiotic mixture consisting of neutral ( scGOS/lcFOS ) and acidic oligosaccharides ( pAOS ) decreases stool viscosity and stool pH with a trend towards increased stool frequency in preterm infants . inclusion of pAOS in a formula containing a mixture of scGOS/lcFOS does not add specific advantages to the formula in terms of stool viscosity , frequency , pH as well as feeding tolerance ."
2126,Abstract #2126,"is effective in the alleviation of depressive symptoms and may have physiological effects similar to those of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRI ) . research has identified the difference in treatment effects across genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter polymorphic region ( 5-HTTLPR ) , in which the l allele has been associated with a better response to SSRI compared with the s allele . purpose of the current research was to examine the antidepressant effects of exercise across 5-HTTLPR genotypes . , ages 1823 yr , were randomly assigned to a 5-wk exercise intervention or a no-treatment control group . completed the Beck Depression Inventory before and after the intervention and provided a saliva sample for DNA analysis . resulted in a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared with the control group . addition , individuals with at least one l allele demonstrated greater reductions in depressive symptoms compared with ss individuals . effects of exercise on depressive symptoms appear to be moderated by 5-HTTLPR genotype , suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for the alleviation of depressive symptoms are similar for exercise and SSRI treatment . , these findings suggest that 5-HTTLPR genotype should be a factor in determining the proper line of treatment for depression ."
2127,Abstract #2127,"compare the efficacy and adverse effects of fentanyl or morphine analgesia during the first 2 days of life in newborn infants who underwent mechanical ventilation . a randomized double-blind trial , 163 infants were allocated to receive a continuous infusion of fentanyl ( 10.5 microg/kg over a 1-hour period followed by 1.5 microg/kg/hr ) or morphine ( 140 microg/kg over a 1-hour period followed by 20 microg/kg/hr ) for at least 24 hours . severity of pain was assessed with physiological parameters , a behavioral pain scale , and stress hormone concentrations before and 2 and 24 hours after the start of treatment . analgesic effect was similar in both groups , as judged by the pain scale . adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations decreased significantly from 0 to 24 hours in both groups . adrenaline decrease was 0.5 nmol/L ( interquartile range [ IQR ] 1.1 ; 0.0 ) in the fentanyl and 0.7 nmol/L ( IQR 1.3 ; 0.1 ) in the morphine group , noradrenaline 2.1 nmol/L ( IQR 9.0 ; 0.2 ) , and 3.0 nmol/L ( IQR 7.5 ; 0.3 ) , respectively . decreased significantly only in the fentanyl group ( 14 pmol/L ( IQR 28 ; 7 ) , P < .05 ) . gastrointestinal motility was less frequent in the fentanyl group ( 23 % vs 47 % , P < .01 ) . at least as effective analgesia as with morphine , fentanyl had fewer side effects . may be superior to morphine for short-term postnatal analgesia in newborn infants ."
2128,Abstract #2128,"aureus is a leading cause of infection in patients with ESRD . and economic outcomes associated with S. aureus bacteremia and other S. aureus infections in patients with ESRD were examined . , clinical , and hospital billing data from a randomized trial of 3359 hemodialysis-dependent patients hospitalized with S. aureus infection in the United States whose vascular access type was fistula or graft and who were hospitalized with S. aureus infection to evaluate inpatient costs , hospital days , and mortality over 12 wk were used . linear regression was used to identify independent predictors of 12-wk costs , inpatient days , and mortality . the 279 patients ( 8.3 % ) who developed S. aureus infection during approximately 1 yr of follow-up , 25.4 % were treated as outpatients . patients for whom billing data were available , 89 patients hospitalized with S. aureus bacteremia incurred mean 12-wk inpatient costs of $ 19,454 and 11.9 inpatient days . the 70 patients hospitalized with non-bloodstream S. aureus infections , mean inpatient costs were $ 19,222 and the mean number of inpatient days was 11.3 . mortality was 20.2 and 15.7 % for patients with S. aureus bloodstream and non-bloodstream infections , respectively . age was independently associated with higher risk of death among patients with S. aureus bacteremia and with higher inpatient costs and more hospital days among patients with non-bloodstream infections . patients with fistula or graft access incur high costs and long inpatient stays when hospitalized for S. aureus infection ."
2129,Abstract #2129,"sedation benefits patients by reducing the stress response , but it requires an appropriate method of assessment to adjust the dosage of sedatives . aim of this study was to compare the difference in the sedation of mechanically ventilated patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy ( FB ) monitored by auditory-evoked potentials ( AEPs ) or the Ramsay sedation scale ( RSS ) . a prospective , randomized , controlled study , all patients who underwent FB with propofol sedation were monitored and their sedation adjusted . FB , one group was monitored by AEP and another group was monitored by RSS . propofol dosage was adjusted by the nursing staff during examination to maintain the Alaris AEP index ( AAI ) value between 25 and 40 in the AEP group and the RSS at 5 or 6 in the RSS group . FB and during FB , the AAI , heart rate ( HR ) , and mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) were recorded every 5 min . percentages of time at the sedation target and the propofol dosages were calculated . patients received AEP monitoring and 18 patients received RSS monitoring . percentage of time at the sedation target during FB was significantly higher in the AEP monitoring group ( 51.3 % ; interquartile range [ IQR ] , 47.0-63 .5 % ) than in the RSS group ( 15.4 % ; IQR , 9.5-23 .4 % ) , ( P < 0.001 ) . FB , the RSS group had a significantly higher AAI ( P = 0.011 ) , HR ( P < 0.001 ) , and MAP ( P < 0.001 ) than the AEP group . mechanically ventilated patients undergoing FB , AEP monitoring resulted in less variation in AAI , HR , and MAP , and a higher percentage of time at the sedation target than RSS monitoring ."
2130,Abstract #2130,"evidence exists for the anxiolytic activity of atrial natriuretic peptide , which is released during lactate-induced panic attacks . natriuretic peptide receptor modulation may have antipanic activity in patients with panic disorder . effects of 150 microg of atrial natriuretic peptide and placebo on panic attacks induced by cholecystokinin tetrapeptide ( CCK-4 ) ( 25 microg ) were studied in 10 panic disorder patients . panicogenic activity of CCK-4 was measured with the Acute Panic Inventory . attacks occurred in seven patients in the placebo condition and in two patients in the atrial natriuretic peptide condition . administration was accompanied by a significant increase in Acute Panic Inventory scores . with atrial natriuretic peptide resulted in significantly lower Acute Panic Inventory scores than pretreatment with placebo . results support the antipanic activity of atrial natriuretic peptide . atrial natriuretic peptide receptor ligands may be ultimately used to treat anxiety disorders ."
2131,Abstract #2131,"showed previously that the activity of complex I ( the first enzyme of the electron transport chain ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreases with malnutrition and increases to a subnormal value after 1 wk of refeeding , but the traditional markers of nutritional status do not do so . aim of this study was to ascertain whether a period of nutritional intervention longer than 1 wk would normalize complex I activity and traditional markers of nutritional status . malnourished patients ( 7 women and 8 men ) with > or = 10 % body weight loss over the previous 6 mo were studied on the day of their admission to hospital and 7 , 14 and 30 d after the beginning of nutritional support . I activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells , weight , height , body composition , body water compartments , dietary intake , and serum albumin concentrations were measured on each occasion . results before and during nutritional intervention were compared with values obtained in 30 healthy volunteers ( 17 women and 13 men ) . I activity increased significantly after the first week of refeeding ( P < 0.001 ) and reached a normal value after 1 mo of nutritional supplementation . the classic markers of nutritional status , only the ratio of extracellular water to intracellular water tended to decrease over the refeeding period . I activity increases rapidly and is normalized by refeeding at a time when other markers of nutritional status do not change significantly ."
2132,Abstract #2132,"is a tricyclic antidepressant drug with a considerable hepatic first-pass metabolism resulting in highly variable pharmacokinetic characteristics and desipramine as active major metabolite . study describes the bioavailability of 3 formulations of imipramine . a randomized , three-period crossover study , 18 healthy male Caucasian subjects received single oral doses of Tofranil 25 , Tofranil mite ( 10 mg ) and an aqueous solution containing 25 mg imipramine-HCl . concentrations of imipramine-HCl and its main metabolite desipramine were measured . pharmacokinetic characteristics , Cmax , AUC , t1/2 and tmax were determined and the relative bioavailability of the two coated tablet formulations was calculated with the aqueous solution as reference . and tolerability were assessed using vital signs , ECG , clinical laboratory and adverse event recording . relative bioavailabilities of Tofranil 25 and Tofranil mite were 97 % and 81 % , respectively . study medication was well tolerated . sufficiently high extent of absorption was found for the test formulations ensuring therapeutic efficacy ."
2133,Abstract #2133,"Internet has the potential to provide large populations with individual health promotion advice at a relatively low cost . the high rates of Internet access , actual reach by Web-based interventions is often disappointingly low , and differences in use between demographic subgroups are present . , Web-based interventions often have to deal with high rates of attrition . study aims to assess user characteristics related to participation and attrition when comparing Web-based and print-delivered tailored interventions containing similar content and thereby to provide recommendations in choosing the appropriate delivery mode for a particular target audience . studied the distribution of a Web-based and a print-delivered version of the Active Plus intervention in a clustered randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) . were recruited via direct mailing within the participating Municipal Health Council regions and randomized to the printed or Web-based intervention by their region . on the answers given in a prior assessment , participants received tailored advice on 3 occasions : ( 1 ) within 2 weeks after the baseline , ( 2 ) 2 months after the baseline , and ( 3 ) within 4 months after the baseline ( based on a second assessment at 3 months ) . baseline ( printed or Web-based ) results were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square tests to establish the differences in user characteristics between both intervention groups . used logistic regression analyses to study the interaction between the user characteristics and the delivery mode in the prediction of dropout rate within the intervention period . printed intervention resulted in a higher participation rate ( 19 % ) than the Web-based intervention ( 12 % ) . of the Web-based intervention were significantly younger ( P < .001 ) , more often men ( P = .01 ) , had a higher body mass index ( BMI ) ( P = .001 ) and a lower intention to be physically active ( P = .03 ) than participants of the printed intervention . dropout rate was significantly higher in the Web-based intervention group ( 53 % ) compared to the print-delivered intervention ( 39 % , P < .001 ) . low intention to be physically active was a strong predictor for dropout within both delivery modes ( P < .001 ) . difference in dropout rate between the Web-based and the printed intervention was not explained by user characteristics . reach of the same tailored physical activity ( PA ) intervention in a printed or Web-based delivery mode differed between sociodemographic subgroups of participants over 50 years of age . the reach of the Web-based intervention is lower , Web-based interventions can be a good channel to reach high-risk populations ( lower PA intention and higher BMI ) . the dropout rate was significantly higher in the Web-based intervention group , no specific user characteristics explained the difference in dropout rates between the delivery modes . research is needed to determine what caused the high rate of dropout in the Web-based intervention . Trial Register ( NTR ) : 2297 : http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=2297 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/65TkwoESp ) ."
2134,Abstract #2134,"mandibular overdentures have recently become a popular treatment alternative for edentulous patients desiring increased retention of complete dentures . goal of this study was to evaluate and present treatment outcomes of mandibular overdentures retained by two unsplinted , early-loaded implants and compare these results with those for delayed-loaded implants . edentulous patients had two interforaminal implants placed with a one-stage protocol . patients were each treated with a mandibular overdenture supported by ball abutments . the test group , the overdenture was loaded 1 week after surgery and in the control group , the overdenture was loaded 3 months after surgery . clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at surgery , and after 3 , 6 , 12 , and 18 months , and 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , and 7 years . two patients did not make the 7-year recall , only 24 patients ( 48 implants ) were evaluated in this study . implants were lost , and 1.31 0.2 mm marginal bone resorption was noted for all implants after 7 years . stability measurements , clinical peri-implant parameters and marginal bone levels exhibited no statistically significant differences between the two groups over 7 years . results of this clinical trial show that there is no significant difference in the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients treated with mandibular overdentures supported by TiUnite implants that are either early or delayed loaded ."
2135,Abstract #2135,"aims of the study were to evaluate costs and clinical characteristics of desflurane-based anaesthetic maintenance versus propofol for outpatient cholecystectomy . 60 patients received ketamine 0.2 mg kg ( -1 ) , fentanyl 2 microg kg ( -1 ) and propofol 2 mg kg ( -1 ) for induction . 0.4 mg kg ( -1 ) and ondansetron 0.05 mg kg ( -1 ) + droperidol 20 microg kg ( -1 ) was given as prophylaxis for postoperative pain and emesis , respectively . patients were randomly assigned into Group P with propofol maintenance and opioid supplements , or Group D with desflurane in a low-flow circuit system . the patients were successfully discharged within 8 h without any serious complications . from anaesthesia was more rapid after desflurane ; they opened their eyes and stated date of birth at mean 6.4 and 8.4 min respectively , compared with 9.6 and 12 min in the propofol group ( P < 0.05 ) . and pain were more frequent in Group D , 40 % and 80 % respectively ; versus 17 % and 50 % in Group P ( P < 0.05 ) . telephone interview at 24 h and 7 d after the procedure , there was no major difference between the groups . desflurane , drug costs per case were 10 $ lower than with propofol . conclude that desflurane is cheaper and has a more rapid emergence than propofol for outpatient cholecystectomy . , propofol results in less pain and nausea in the recovery unit . ondansetron and droperidol prophylaxis , there was still a substantial amount of nausea and vomiting after desflurane ."
2136,Abstract #2136,"have compared the effect of low dose rocuronium on intraocular pressure ( IOP ) in larygeal mask airway usage during induction of anesthesia using propofol and fentanyl , in a randomized , double-blind study . studied 30 patients randomly allocated to one of two groups . was induced with fentanyl 1 mg kg ( -1 ) and propofol 2 mg kg ( -1 ) until loss of eyelash reflex . was followed by rocuronium 0,3 mg kg ( -1 ) ( group R , n = 15 ) and normal saline ( group S , n = 15 ) . was measured with Schiotz tonometry device preoperatively ( IOP ( pre ) ) and after propofol infection ( IOP ( 0 ) ) and immediately after LMA insertion ( IOP ( 1 ) ) , 1 . IOP ( 2 ) ) , 2 . IOP ( 3 ) ) , 3 . IOP ( 4 ) ) , 4 . IOP ( 5 ) ) and 15 . IOP ( 15 ) ) minutes after laryngeal mask airway ( LMA ) insertion and after extubation ( IOP ( ext ) ) . collected data were heart rate ( HR ) , oxygen saturation ( SpO ( 2 ) ) , end-tidal carbon-dioxide pressure ( ETCO ( 2 ) ) and mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) . LMA insertion significant decrease was found in IOP in both groups . significant difference was found between groups . there have been reports that LMA insertion minimally increases IOP , in our study , by using low dose rocuronium and LMA there was a decrease in IOP ."
2137,Abstract #2137,"clinical significance of the interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs ) remains unclear . examined the relationship between PPI use and 1-year cardiovascular events ( cardiovascular death , myocardial infarction , or stroke ) in patients with acute coronary syndrome randomized to clopidogrel or ticagrelor in a prespecified , nonrandomized subgroup analysis of the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes ( PLATO ) trial . primary end point rates were higher for individuals on a PPI ( n = 6539 ) compared with those not on a PPI ( n = 12 060 ) at randomization in both the clopidogrel ( 13.0 % versus 10.9 % ; adjusted hazard ratio [ HR ] , 1.20 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.04-1 .38 ) and ticagrelor ( 11.0 % versus 9.2 % ; HR , 1.24 ; 95 % CI , 1.07-1 .45 ) groups . on non-PPI gastrointestinal drugs had similar primary end point rates compared with those on a PPI ( PPI versus non-PPI gastrointestinal treatment : clopidogrel , HR , 0.98 ; 95 % CI , 0.79-1 .23 ; ticagrelor , HR , 0.89 ; 95 % CI , 0.73-1 .10 ) . contrast , patients on no gastric therapy had a significantly lower primary end point rate ( PPI versus no gastrointestinal treatment : clopidogrel , HR , 1.29 ; 95 % CI , 1.12-1 .49 ; ticagrelor , HR , 1.30 ; 95 % CI , 1.14-1 .49 ) . use of a PPI was independently associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome receiving clopidogrel . , a similar association was observed between cardiovascular events and PPI use during ticagrelor treatment and with other non-PPI gastrointestinal treatment . , in the PLATO trial , the association between PPI use and adverse events may be due to confounding , with PPI use more of a marker for , than a cause of , higher rates of cardiovascular events . . identifier : NCT00391872 ."
2138,Abstract #2138,"report describes the baseline characteristics of patients in the Reduction of Events with Darbepoetin alfa in Heart Failure trial ( RED-HF ) which is testing the hypothesis that anaemia correction with darbepoetin alfa will reduce the composite endpoint of death from any cause or hospital admission for worsening heart failure , and improve other outcomes . demographic , clinical , and laboratory findings , along with baseline treatment , are reported and compared with those of patients in other recent clinical trials in heart failure . with other recent trials , RED-HF enrolled more elderly [ mean age 70 ( SD 11.4 ) years ] , female ( 41 % ) , and black ( 9 % ) patients . patients more often had diabetes ( 46 % ) and renal impairment ( 72 % had an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1 .73 m2 ) . in RED-HF had heart failure of longer duration [ 5.3 ( 5.4 ) years ] , worse NYHA class ( 35 % II , 63 % III , and 2 % IV ) , and more signs of congestion . EF was 30 % ( 6.8 % ) . patients were well treated at randomization , and pharmacological therapy at baseline was broadly similar to that of other recent trials , taking account of study-specific inclusion/exclusion criteria . ( interquartile range ) haemoglobin at baseline was 112 ( 106-117 ) g/L . anaemic patients enrolled in RED-HF were older , moderately to markedly symptomatic , and had extensive co-morbidity ."
2139,Abstract #2139,"epidemiologic studies have concluded that there is no relation between total cholesterol levels and the risk of stroke . some studies that classified strokes according to cause , there was an association between increasing cholesterol levels and the risk of ischemic stroke and a possible association between low cholesterol levels and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke . reviews of trials of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors have suggested that these agents may reduce the risk of stroke . a double-blind trial ( the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease study ) , we compared the effects of pravastatin on mortality due to coronary heart disease ( the primary end point ) with the effects of placebo among 9014 patients with a history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina and a total cholesterol level of 155 to 271 mg per deciliter ( 4.0 to 7.0 mmol per liter ) . goal in the present study was to assess effects on stroke from any cause and nonhemorrhagic stroke , which were secondary end points . were 419 strokes among 373 patients over a follow-up period of six years . total of 309 strokes were classified as ischemic , 31 as hemorrhagic , and 79 as of unknown type . the patients given placebo , the risk of stroke was 4.5 percent , as compared with 3.7 percent among those given pravastatin ( relative reduction in risk , 19 percent ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0 to 34 percent ; P = 0.05 ) . stroke occurred in 4.4 percent of the patients given placebo , as compared with 3.4 percent of those given pravastatin ( reduction in risk , 23 percent ; 95 percent confidence interval , 5 to 38 percent ; P = 0.02 ) . had no effect on hemorrhagic stroke ( incidence , 0.2 percent in the placebo group vs. 0.4 percent in the pravastatin group ; P = 0.28 ) . has a moderate effect in reducing the risk of stroke from any cause and the risk of nonhemorrhagic stroke in patients with previous myocardial infarction or unstable angina ."
2140,Abstract #2140,"explore the clinical relevance of injection site by comparing two different injection techniques in children with cerebral palsy who have spastic equinus gait . total of 19 children ( 13 boys , 6 girls ; range , 1 yr 6 mos to 7 yrs ; nine hemiplegics , eight diplegics , two quadriplegics ; levels I to IV with the Gross Motor Function Classification System ) participated in the study . children were randomized into two groups : the proximal group received a botulinum toxin A injection into the proximal part of both heads of the gastrocnemius , and the distal group received a botulinum toxin A injection into the mid-belly of the muscle bulks . single-point injection of BOTOX , 3 units/kg per site , was used . of active and passive range of motion , dynamic muscle length ( modified Tardieu scale ) , calf tone ( modified Ashworth scale ) , and video gait analysis ( Observational Gait Scale ) were performed before treatment and 3 , 8 , and 16 wks posttreatment . and passive dorsiflexion and calf tone in both groups and Observational Gait Scale total scores in the distal group improved at all time points . median change from baseline values in Observational Gait Scale initial foot contact and total scores at 8 wks showed a significant difference favoring the distal group , but the clinical relevance remained tenuous . the methods described , no major changes in main outcome measures were associated with changing the injection site ."
2141,Abstract #2141,"inflammation and injury is critical in cystic fibrosis . ideal antiinflammatory agent has not been identified but inhaled corticosteroids are widely used despite lack of evidence . test the safety of withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids with the hypothesis this would not be associated with an earlier onset of acute chest exacerbations . randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 18 pediatric and adult UK centers . criteria included age > 6.0 yr , FEV1 > or = 40 % predicted , and corticosteroid use > 3 mo. . the 2-mo run-in period , all patients received fluticasone ; they then took either fluticasone or placebo for 6 mo. . group : n = 84 , median age 14.6 yr , mean ( SD ) FEV1 76 % ( 18 ) ; placebo group : n = 87 , median age 15.8 yr , mean ( SD ) FEV1 76 % ( 18 ) . was no difference in time to first exacerbation ( primary outcome ) with hazard ratio ( 95 % confidence interval ) of 1.07 ( 0.68 to 1.70 ) for fluticasone versus placebo . was no effect of age , atopy , corticosteroid dose , FEV1 , or Pseudomonas aeruginosa status . was no change in lung function or differences in antibiotic or rescue bronchodilator use . patients in the fluticasone group withdrew from the study due to lung-related adverse events ( 9 vs. 15 % ) ; with a relative risk ( 95 % confidence interval ) of 0.59 ( 0.23-1 .48 ) fluticasone versus placebo . this study population ( applicable to 40 % of patients with cystic fibrosis in the UK ) , it appears safe to consider stopping inhaled corticosteroids . advantages will be to reduce the drug burden on patients , reduce adverse effects , and make financial savings ."
2142,Abstract #2142,"assess the effectiveness of the Melbourne Infant Feeding , Activity and Nutrition Trial ( InFANT ) Program according to maternal education and age . cluster-randomised controlled trial involving 542 mother/infant pairs from 62 existing first-time parent groups was conducted in 2008 in Melbourne , Australia . intervention involved 6 2-hour dietitian-delivered sessions , DVD and written resources from infant age 4-15 months . included infant diet ( 3 24 h diet recalls ) , physical activity ( accelerometry ) , television viewing and body mass index . tested for moderation by maternal education ( with/without a University degree ) and age ( < 32 and 32 years ) . trial was registered with the ISRCTN Register ( identifier 81847050 ) . effects with the treatment arm were observed for maternal education and age . intervention effects on vegetable ( positive effect ) and sweet snack consumption ( negative effect ) were greater in children with higher educated mothers while intervention effects on water consumption ( positive effect ) were greater in infants with lower educated mothers . intervention was also more effective in increasing both vegetable and water consumption in infants with mothers aged < 32 years . obesity prevention interventions may be differentially effective according to maternal education and age . of differential effects is important for informing more sensitively targeted/tailored approaches ."
2143,Abstract #2143,"remains unclear whether maternal immunization with paternal lymphocytes prior to conception improves the reproductive outcome in women with recurrent abortion in whom all secondary causes have been excluded . double-blind placebo controlled trial was instituted in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion , comparing immunization with 400 million paternal to 400 million maternal ( autologous ) lymphocytes . groups were compared in a paired sequential trials chart , by logistic regression , and , in addition , a meta-analysis of this and other published trials was carried out . live birth rate among pregnancies in paired couples with paternal lymphocyte immunization was 68 % compared to 47 % in the women who received their own cells . results bordered on , but did not achieve , statistical significance . women in each group were thoroughly investigated to exclude known causes of recurrent pregnancy loss and appeared to have been well matched in all variables . with lymphocytotoxic antibodies against paternal lymphocytes were excluded . our previous study there was not association between the time to conception and the chance of a successful outcome . , the time to conception was relatively short , 12 wk in all groups . meta-analysis supported an overall modest favorable experience with paternal cells . study is consistent with a general trend favoring paternal over maternal lymphocyte immunization but reinforces the need for larger multicenter controlled trials as well as more detailed biological study in humans to understand the nature of the maternal-fetal interface and its breakdown ."
2144,Abstract #2144,"flurbiprofen , a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug ( NSAID ) , has been used recently for postoperative pain relief in adults . drug is also likely to have antiemetic property . present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of flurbiprofen on postoperative pain and emesis in children undergoing strabismus surgery , which is well known to produce postoperative nausea and vomiting . a prospective , randomised , controlled clinical trial , 90 children aged 2-11 yr received saline ( control ) , flurbiprofen 0.5 mg.kg-1 , or flurbiprofen 1 mg.kg-1 . and flurbiprofen were administered i.v. immediately after induction of anaesthesia . was induced and maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen . pain was assessed by a blinded observer using an objective pain scale ( OPS ) . opioids or antiemetics were administered throughout the study . incidence and frequency of vomiting were compared among groups . 1 mg.kg-1 provided lower OPS ( highest ) scores during the eight hours after surgery and a reduced requirement for postoperative supplementary analgesic ( diclofenac suppository ) compared with the other two regimens . two doses of flurbiprofen failed to decrease the incidence and frequency of vomiting . data suggest that preoperative flurbiprofen 1 mg.kg-1 iv is a simple and effective approach to postoperative pain relief but not to the prevention of emesis following paediatric strabismus surgery ."
2145,Abstract #2145,"implantable defibrillator ( ICD ) leads with true bipolar pacing and sensing ( quadripolar leads ) have been introduced to provide improved sensing characteristics without sacrificing defibrillation efficacy . configuration has been shown to have little effect on the amplitude or slew rate of the intracardiac electrogram , but does have an effect on the duration of the sensed electrogram . spacing of the electrodes and smaller surface area of the anode may , therefore , result in a different latency of sensing relative to the onset of the QRS complex . tested the difference in ventricular sensing latency between integrated bipolar and true bipolar electrode configurations in 40 patients undergoing ICD implantation for standard indications ( Medtronic Sprint Quattro lead in 26 and St. Jude Riata in 16 ) . addition , we compared R wave amplitude , pacing threshold , impedance , and slew rate . latency was significantly longer in the true bipolar configuration ( Medtronic Sprint Quattro 45.2 + / - 14.7 msec in the true bipolar configuration , vs 37.4 + / - 18.2 msec in the integrated bipolar configuration , and St. Jude Riata , 43.5 + / - 9.8 msec true bipolar , vs 33.8 + / - 10.1 msec integrated bipolar , P < 0.01 ) . was no difference in R wave amplitude or slew rate . threshold and impedance were also greater in the true bipolar configuration than in the integrated bipolar configuration . true bipolar configuration has a longer sensing latency than the integrated bipolar configuration . some patients , this may require a longer programmed AV delay to avoid ventricular pseudofusion ."
2146,Abstract #2146,", randomized , blinded clinical trial . evaluate effectiveness of Oxiplex gel for reduction of pain and associated symptoms after lumbar discectomy . gel ( carboxymethylcellulose , polyethylene oxide , and calcium ) is used during discectomy to coat the surgical site for reduction of pain and symptoms after lumbar discectomy . undergoing single-level lumbar discectomy performed by laminectomy or laminotomy and randomized to receive either surgery plus Oxiplex gel ( treatment group ) or surgery alone ( control group ) were assessed 6 months after surgery using ( 1 ) a quality of life questionnaire ( Lumbar Spine Outcomes Questionnaire [ LSOQ ] ) and ( 2 ) clinical evaluations . were no statistically significant differences in baseline demographics , surgical procedures , LSOQ scores , and clinical evaluations between treatment ( N = 177 ) and control ( N = 175 ) groups . gel-treated patients were satisfied with outcome of their surgical treatment than control patients ( P = 0.05 ) . gel-treated group showed greater reductions in pain and symptoms from baseline compared with surgery-only controls . benefits of gel were consistently shown in reduction of leg and back pain at 6 months in the patient population having substantial back pain at baseline ( greater than or equal to the median LSOQ pain score of 63 ) . that population , there was a statistically significant reduction of leg pain and back pain ( P < 0.01 ) in the treatment group compared with controls . patients in the treatment group had abnormal musculoskeletal physical examinations at 6 months compared with controls . were no cases of cerebrospinal fluid leaks and no differences in laboratory values or vital signs . in the treatment group had less hypoesthesia , paraesthesia , sensory loss , and fewer reoperations during the 6-month follow-up than controls ( 1 vs. 6 ) . data demonstrate improvements in clinical outcomes resulting from the use of Oxiplex gel in discectomy procedures for treatment of lumbar disc herniation ."
2147,Abstract #2147,"on the association between substance use and sexual risk behavior has yielded a complex pattern of findings . inconsistent findings may reflect method variance , including factors such as gender of the participant , nature of the sexual event , partner characteristics , and type of substance used . purpose of this study was to investigate the association between substance use and unprotected sex independently for alcohol , drugs , or combined substance use and to examine partner characteristics as a moderator of this association . ( N = 1,419 ; 48 % women ) were recruited from a publicly funded sexually transmitted disease clinic and were asked to complete an audio computer-assisted self-interview regarding their most recent sexual experience , including nature of the event , substance use , and partner characteristics . showed that alcohol use was related to condom use when gender and partner type were considered ; thus , for women , but not for men , partner type interacted with alcohol consumption such that condom use was less likely when alcohol consumption preceded sex with nonprimary partners ( drinking was unrelated to condom use with primary partners ) . analyses examining partner substance use showed that women , but not men , who reported both they and their nonprimary partners were drinking during sex were less likely to use a condom . the event level , alcohol consumption among sexually transmitted disease clinic patients is associated with condom use , but this association differs by gender and partner characteristics . suggest the need to strengthen substance-use components in sexual risk reduction interventions for women and their partners ."
2148,Abstract #2148,"residents teach medical students ; feedback is one critical teaching skill . investigated whether feedback given by surgery residents to students could be improved through an online spaced education program . residents were randomized to receive either a weekly spaced education e-mail during a 9-month period containing teaching bullets on how to provide effective feedback , or no intervention . students rated the frequency and quality of feedback they received from the residents . reported 45 % ( 67 of 149 ) of the spaced education residents gave frequent feedback , compared with 31 % ( 55 of 175 ) of control residents ( relative risk [ RR ] , 1.43 ; P = .016 ) . reported resident feedback was `` helpful in their learning '' in 92 % ( 132 of 143 ) of their evaluations of spaced education residents , compared with 82 % ( 132 of 161 ) of their evaluations of control residents ( RR , 1.13 ; P = .01 ) . programs using feedback bullets e-mailed weekly can significantly improve the frequency and quality of feedback that surgical residents provide medical students ."
2149,Abstract #2149,"examine the effects of a Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia ( RAA ) program for outpatient foot surgery in an outpatient unit . RAA program was implemented in our Surgical Day Care Center ( SDCC ) in 1992-93 . charts were randomly selected for each of two periods , 1990 ( pre-program ) and 1995 ( post-program ) . surgeon operated on all patients . , intraoperative and postoperative information collected included demographic data , block type , analgesic requirements , nursing visits and complications . time analysis of the perioperative course was also performed . use of regional block increased from 2 % to 82 % as a result of the RAA program . was not accompanied by a change in operating room efficiency ( anesthetic time , preparation time , exit time ) . stay in the PACU and discharge lounge was reduced by a mean difference of 7 min ( Upper 95 % CI = 24 min ) and fentanyl consumption in the OR was reduced by 35 microg ( 95 % CI = -8 , -62 microg ) . number of patients who required > 1 < 4 nursing visits for analgesia administration in the PACU decreased from 17 to 9 after program implementation . anesthesia is more likely to be offered to outpatients if it is introduced as a formal RAA program . a program did not have a negative impact on operating room efficiency and was beneficial in reducing patient stay in the PACU and discharge lounge . discharge processes may need to be modified to obtain the maximum benefits from such RAA programs ."
2150,Abstract #2150,"rhinitis is common and on the rise . are the mainstay of treatment and are the most commonly prescribed drugs in Singapore . sedation and its effect on cognition are a major concern . - and second-generation antihistamines show varying degrees of sedation , but to date , objective studies in children are lacking . objective of this study was to assess the sedating effect of cetirizine ( second-generation antihistamine ) and chlorpheniramine ( first-generation antihistamine ) compared with placebo using an objective neurophysiological test . was a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized , single-dose , 3-way crossover study . children aged 7 to 14 years with allergic rhinitis completed the study . children were randomly allocated to medication sequences and received 3 different drugs on 3 different days , at least 1 week apart . P300 event-related potential was used as an objective test of sedation . assessment was by a visual analog scale . and cetirizine increased P300 latency when compared with baseline . significant increase was obtained with placebo . significant increase in P300 latency was not accompanied by significant change in subjective somnolence as measured by the visual analog scale . have shown that cetirizine has sedative properties in children . lack of correlation between P300 latency and the visual analog scale indicates that sedation induced by these drugs may not be subjectively noted ."
2151,Abstract #2151,"implants stimulate the auditory nerve to enable hearing . appropriate upper and lower limits of stimulation is essential for successful cochlear implantation . intraoperative evoked stapedius reflex threshold ( ESRT ) and evoked compound action potential ( ECAP ) are commonly used to determine the limits of implant stimulation . this study , we evaluated the dose-related effects of sevoflurane , desflurane , isoflurane , and propofol on the intraoperative ESRT and ECAP . children aged 6 mo to 17 yr undergoing cochlear implantation were recruited . child was randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane , desflurane , isoflurane , or propofol . responses were measured by a blinded investigator at end-tidal anesthetic concentrations corresponding to 0 , 0.75 , and 1.5 age-adjusted minimum alveolar concentration administered in random sequence and at targeted blood concentrations of propofol of 0 , 1.5 , and 3.0 microg/mL . were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance . < 0.05 was considered statistically significant . ESRT increased dose dependently with increasing volatile anesthetic concentration ( P < 0.01 ) . stapedius reflex was completely abolished by volatile anesthesia in more than half of children . minimally affected the ESRT . contrast , the ECAP was unaffected by anesthesia . anesthetics suppress the stapedius reflex in a dose-dependent manner , suggesting that ESRT measurements acquired during volatile anesthesia will overestimate the maximum comfort level , which may cause discomfort postoperatively and adversely affect the child 's adaptation to the implant . advise against the use of volatile anesthetics for measurement of the stapedius reflex threshold during cochlear implant surgery ."
2152,Abstract #2152,"evaluate thermal responses , weight gain , and resting energy expenditure ( REE ) in preterm infants weaned from an infant incubator to a warming bassinet after reaching a body weight of either 1,500 or 1,600 g , respectively . infants weighing1 ,500 g were randomly allocated for weaning from a convective incubator after reaching 1,500 g body weight ( study group ) or 1,600 g ( controls ) . body temperature was recorded at short intervals . was measured before and after weaning , while the weight gain was calculated daily . 21 enrolled infants were weaned successfully to a bassinet ( room temperature ) . inside the incubator and in the warming bassinette was similar between infants weaned at 1,500 g and at 1,600 g ( 2.96.8 vs. 1.14.8 kcal/kg/d , respectively ( p = 0.7 ) . increased slightly after weaning in both groups . gain and days from randomization to discharge did not differ between groups . very low birth weight infants from an incubator to a warming bassinet at a body weight of 1,500 g is feasible and has no significant deleterious effects on weight gain and REE . many benefits provided by such greater accessibility to premature infants are discussed ."
2153,Abstract #2153,"compare the efficacy of three surgical treatment combinations - myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion ( M&T ) , adenoidectomy with M&T ( A-M & T ) , and adenoidectomy with myringotomy ( A-M ) - in reducing middle-ear disease in young children with chronic OME . 24-47 months of age , with a history of bilateral middle-ear effusion ( MEE ) for at least 3 months , unilateral for 6 months or longer or unilateral for 3 months after extrusion of a tympanostomy tube , unresponsive to recent antibiotic , were randomly assigned to either M&T , A-M & T , or A-M . assignment was stratified by age ( 24-35 months , 36-47 months ) , nasal obstruction ( no , yes ) and previous history of M&T ( no , yes ) . were followed monthly and with any signs or symptoms of ear disease for up to 36 months . subjects were randomly assigned to the three treatment groups . subjects ( 57 % ) were 24-35 months of age ; 63 % had nasal obstruction , and 36 % had previously undergone M&T . the 36 months after entry , subjects were noted to have MEE for the following percentages of time : 18.6 % in the M&T group , 20.6 % in the A-M & T group , and 31.1 % in the A-M group ( M&T vs. A-M & T , p = 0.87 ; M&T vs. A-M , p = 0.01 ) . 36 months , there were no differences in the number of further surgical procedures for ear disease needed among the groups . with or without tube insertion provided no advantage to young children with chronic OME in regard to time with effusion compared to tube insertion alone . tympanostomy tubes were placed in children undergoing A-M as their initial procedure , but this should be balanced by the performance of the more invasive surgical procedure and their increased time with effusion ."
2154,Abstract #2154,"is an acquired hyperpigmentary disorder commonly seen in Orientals . it has been demonstrated that tretinoin ( all-trans-retinoic acid ) can produce significant clinical improvement of melasma . , moderate cutaneous side effects ( retinoid dermatitis ) occurred in a number of patients . investigate the efficacy of topical 0.05 per cent isotretinoin gel ( Isotrex ) in the treatment of melasma in Thai patients . patients with moderate to severe melasma entered a 40-week , randomized , vehicle-controlled clinical trial in which they applied either 0.05 per cent isotretinoin gel , or its vehicle base together with a broad spectrum sunscreen ( SPF 28 ) daily to the entire face . were evaluated clinically ( using Melasma Area and Severity Index ) , and colorimetrically ( using our Melasma Area and Melanin Index ) . 40 weeks , the average MASI and MAMI scores of the isotretinoin-treated group decreased by 68.2 per cent and 47 per cent respectively , while the corresponding control scores declined 60 per cent and 34 per cent . was no statistically significant difference between the isotretinoin and vehicle groups . the MASI and MAMI scores of each visit were compared to their baseline data , a statistically significant reduction of the score was first noted at weeks 4 and 12 respectively . of melasma , as determined clinically ( MASI score ) , correlated well with pigmentation measurements ( MAMI score ) . effects were limited to a mild transient `` retinoid dermatitis '' occurring in 27 per cent of isotretinoin-treated patients . use of broad spectrum sunscreen has a significant lightening effect on melasma in Thai patients . , there was no statistically significant difference between the isotretinoin and vehicle-treated group ."
2155,Abstract #2155,"activity may help maintain cognitive function and decrease dementia risk , but epidemiological findings remain controversial . aim of our study was to investigate the association between leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the subsequent development of dementia and Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . were randomly selected from the survivors of a population-based cohort previously surveyed in 1972 , 1977 , 1982 , or 1987.1449 persons ( 72.5 % ) age 65-79 years participated in the re-examination in 1998 ( mean follow-up , 21 years ) . persons had dementia and 76 had AD . logistic regression methods were used to analyse the association between leisure-time physical activity and dementia or AD . physical activity at midlife at least twice a week was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD ( odds ratio [ OR ] 0.48 [ 95 % CI 0.25-0 .91 ] and 0.38 [ 0.17-0 .85 ] , respectively ) , even after adjustments for age , sex , education , follow-up time , locomotor disorders , APOE genotype , vascular disorders , smoking , and alcohol drinking . associations were more pronounced among the APOE epsilon4 carriers . physical activity at midlife is associated with a decreased risk of dementia and AD later in life . physical activity may reduce the risk or delay the onset of dementia and AD , especially among genetically susceptible individuals ."
2156,Abstract #2156,"effectiveness of traditional follow-up programs and the intensive search for disease progression in men with prostate cancer have been questioned . aims of this randomized multi-centre study were to evaluate medical safety , patient satisfaction and resource utilization in an on-demand follow-up by a specialist nurse compared with traditional follow-up by a urologist . hundred consecutively approached men with newly diagnosed or previously known prostate cancer in any stage at three hospitals in Sweden were randomized to follow-up in the nurse group ( NG , 200 patients ) or the urologist group ( UG , 200 patients ) . the NG , the nurse contacted the patient by phone every 6 months unless the patient himself initiated the contact . satisfaction was evaluated twice a year via questionnaire . questionnaire included the validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( HADS ) . costs of all medical interventions and adverse events related to prostate cancer were calculated for all patients . safety , measured as complication frequency and lag time from symptoms to intervention , during the first 3 years of the observation period , was similar in the NG and the UG . total number of interventions due to symptoms from prostate cancer was also similar in both groups . analysis of accessibility and the HAD scale showed no significant differences between the groups . mean outpatient cost ( excluding pharmaceutical costs ) per patient was lower in the NG compared to the UG , especially among patients without metastases at inclusion ( 37 % lower cost ) . study indicates that men with prostate cancer can be safely followed up by a specialist nurse . study results show that this alternative follow-up is cost-effective , especially in men without metastases ."
2157,Abstract #2157,"investigate cost effectiveness of administration of flumazenil to patients presenting with suspected acute drug overdose . , prospective , placebo-controlled randomized study . teaching hospital . adults presenting with suspected drug overdose and having a Glasgow Coma Scale ( GCS ) score of < 13 . with known benzodiazepine/tricyclic ingestion were excluded . administration of flumazenil ( up to 2 mg ) or placebo . patient costs were assessed and data aggregated for each treatment group . diagnostic and therapeutic interventions were recorded and between group comparisons performed . response to study drug administration was assessed by obtaining pre - and post-drug GCS scores and observation of the patient for at least 180 mins for signs of resedation . cost or number of major diagnostic and therapeutic interventions were not different between groups . randomized to the flumazenil group showed a marked increase in GCS score ( 7.4 to 11.8 ) compared with those in the placebo group ( 8.2 to 8.6 ) . of flumazenil in intentional drug overdose of unknown etiology is not cost effective ."
2158,Abstract #2158,"determine the optimal iodine dose for aortic and hepatic enhancement at MDCT by comparing lean body weight ( LBW ) with total body weight ( TBW ) . study was approved by our institutional review committee . hundred and thirty-six patients were randomized into four groups : 550 , 650 , 750 mg iodine / ( kg of LBW ) and 600 mgI / ( kg of TBW ) . aortic and hepatic contrast enhancements ( HUs ) during the portal venous-phase and variances of HUs were compared . HUs for 550 , 650 , 750 mgI/kg LBW and 600 mgI/kg TBW were : 95.1 , 109.9 , 122.4 , and 131.2 HU , respectively , for the aorta . the liver , 43.1 , 55.4 , 60.8 , and 63.5 HU . HUs increased with iodine dose per kg LBW ( p < 0.01 ) , but no significant difference between 750 mgI/kg LBW and 600 mgI/kg TBW groups . enhancement increased by 50 HU in 94 % of patients with 750 mg/kg LBW . of hepatic enhancement was marginally greater in the 600 mgI/kg TBW than in the 550 and 750 mgI/kg LBW . enhancement variation was reduced with iodine doses based on LBW . dose of 750 mg iodine/kg LBW was appropriate to achieve hepatic enhancement50 HU in 94 % of patients ."
2159,Abstract #2159,"compare the cost-effectiveness of intravenous plus oral amiodarone , atrial septal pacing , and both strategies combined to prevent atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery . objectives were to compare the cost-effectiveness of amiodarone versus no amiodarone and of pacing versus no pacing , and to compare hospitalization costs of the various strategies . cost analysis of a randomized , 2 x 2 factorial trial . academic hospital . hundred and sixty patients with coronary artery and/or valvular disease . were randomized to receive amiodarone or matching placebo and then further randomized to receive atrial septal pacing or no pacing . economic analysis was conducted from a hospital perspective . were converted to costs using cost : charge ratios . the cost-effectiveness analysis , a joint distribution of costs and effectiveness was performed using the nonparametric bootstrap method . plus pacing significantly decreased the frequency of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery , compared with amiodarone alone , pacing alone , and placebo . costs ( mean + / - SD ) were $ 27,026 + / -30,226 for the placebo group , $ 22,725 + / -17,661 for the amiodarone group , $ 33,868 + / -60,309 for the pacing group , and $ 18,697 + / -8174 for the amiodarone plus pacing group ( p = 0.27 ) . the joint distribution cost-effectiveness analysis , when compared with placebo , the probability of lower cost but higher effect ( superiority ) was 67 % for amiodarone , 15 % for pacing , and 97 % for amiodarone plus pacing . the multivariate analysis , preoperative beta-blockers and amiodarone were negatively associated with hospital costs ( p < 0.05 ) . suggest that both amiodarone alone and the combination of amiodarone plus pacing are cost-effective compared with placebo . comparative studies of these strategies are warranted to confirm these findings ."
2160,Abstract #2160,"immune system has been implicated as one mechanism underlying the benefits of acupuncture therapy . suggests that acupuncture can ameliorate symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( CP/CPPS ) , but the association between clinical response and the immune system has not been investigated . investigated 12 CP/CPPS patients participating in a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing acupuncture versus sham acupuncture for effects on cellular immunity . samples were taken before the first needling and after the last of 20 treatment sessions ( week 10 ) . also completed questionnaires examining their CP/CPPS symptoms and mood status at the baseline and end of study visits . the end of study 8 of 12 participants ( 67 % ) were classified as treatment responders , four participants each from the acupuncture and sham groups . acupuncture group averaged a 5 % increase in natural killer cell levels compared to corresponding sham ( -13 % ; p = 0.03 ) . , patients randomized to acupuncture reported a reduction in other white blood cell parameters examined , supporting the possibility that immunity might be important in the pathophysiology of CP/CPPS . specific effect of acupuncture on CP/CPPS remains unclear . research is warranted to examine the mechanisms by which acupuncture therapy may improve clinical symptoms in patients with CP/CPPS . number , NCT00260637 ) ."
2161,Abstract #2161,"clinical trial . determine the short-term effects of Kinesio Taping , applied to the cervical spine , on neck pain and cervical range of motion in individuals with acute whiplash-associated disorders ( WADs ) . have begun to investigate the effects of Kinesio Taping on different musculoskeletal conditions ( eg , shoulder and trunk pain ) . the demonstrated short-term effectiveness of Kinesio Tape for the management of shoulder pain , it is suggested that Kinesio Tape may also be beneficial in reducing pain associated with WAD . patients ( 21 females ) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups : the experimental group received Kinesio Taping to the cervical spine ( applied with tension ) and the placebo group received a sham Kinesio Taping application ( applied without tension ) . neck pain ( 11-point numerical pain rating scale ) and cervical range-of-motion data were collected at baseline , immediately after the Kinesio Tape application , and at a 24-hour follow-up by an assessor blinded to the treatment allocation of the patients . analyses of variance ( ANOVAs ) were used to examine the effects of the treatment on each outcome variable , with group as the between-subjects variable and time as the within-subjects variable . primary analysis was the group-by-time interaction . group-by-time interaction for the 2-by-3 mixed-model ANOVA was statistically significant for pain as the dependent variable ( F = 64.8 ; P < .001 ) , indicating that patients receiving Kinesio Taping experienced a greater decrease in pain immediately postapplication and at the 24-hour follow-up ( both , P < .001 ) . group-by-time interaction was also significant for all directions of cervical range of motion : flexion ( F = 50.8 ; P < .001 ) , extension ( F = 50.7 ; P < .001 ) , right ( F = 39.5 ; P < .001 ) and left ( F = 3.8 , P < .05 ) lateral flexion , and right ( F = 33.9 , P < .001 ) and left ( F = 39.5 , P < .001 ) rotation . in the experimental group obtained a greater improvement in range of motion than thosein the control group ( all , P < .001 ) . with acute WAD receiving an application of Kinesio Taping , applied with proper tension , exhibited statistically significant improvements immediately following application of the Kinesio Tape and at a 24-hour follow-up . , the improvements in pain and cervical range of motion were small and may not be clinically meaningful . studies should investigate if Kinesio Taping provides enhanced outcomes when added to physical therapy interventions with proven efficacy or when applied over a longer period . , level 1b . Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009 ; 39 ( 7 ) :515 -521 , Epub 24 February 2009 . :10.2519 / jospt .2009.3072 ."
2162,Abstract #2162,"of skin autofluorescence ( SAF ) allow for a simple and noninvasive quantification of tissue advanced glycation end-products ( AGEs ) , a marker linked to the risk of diabetes complications . aim of this study was to test the repeatability of SAF over 6 and 12 weeks and to test whether benfotiamine , a thiamine prodrug suggested to reduce AGEs formation under hyperglycemic conditions , is able to attenuate SAF when administered over 6 weeks . a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized , crossover study , 22 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) received 900mg/day benfotiamine or placebo for 6 weeks ( washout period of 6 weeks between ) . the beginning and at the end of each treatment period , SAF was assessed in the fasting state , as well as 2 , 4 , and 6h following a mixed test meal . respective intra-individual and inter-individual variability of fasting SAF was 6.9 % and 24.5 % within 6 weeks and 10.9 % and 23.1 % within 12 weeks . respective variability calculated for triplicate comparisons was 9.9 % and 27.7 % . short-term therapy with benfotiamine did not influence SAF significantly , nor did we find a significant postprandial SAF increase . patients with T2DM , repeated , timely spaced SAF measurements have an intra-subject variability of below 11 % . these data , sample sizes were calculated for interventional studies aiming at reducing SAF . treatment for 6 weeks did not significantly influence SAF ; for this , a longer-term therapy is probably needed ."
2163,Abstract #2163,"of pack food labels or signpost labels are currently widely discussed as means to help consumers to make informed food choices . is hoped that more informed food choices will result in an overall healthier diet . is only limited evidence , as to which format of a food label is best understood by consumers , helps them best to differentiate between more or less healthy food and whether these changes in perceived healthiness result in changes of food choice . a randomised experimental study in Hamburg/Germany 420 adult subjects were exposed to one of five experimental conditions : ( 1 ) a simple `` healthy choice '' tick , ( 2 ) a multiple traffic light label , ( 3 ) a monochrome Guideline Daily Amount ( GDA ) label , ( 4 ) a coloured GDA label and ( 5 ) a `` no label '' condition . the first task they had to identify the healthier food items in 28 pair-wise comparisons of foods from different food groups . the second task they were asked to select food portions from a range of foods to compose a one-day 's consumption . between means were analysed using ANOVAs . I : Experimental conditions differed significantly in the number of correct decisions ( p < 0.001 ) . the condition `` no label '' subjects had least correct decisions ( 20.2 + / - 3.2 ) , in the traffic light condition most correct decisions were made ( 24.8 + / - 2.4 ) . II : Envisaged daily food consumption did not differ significantly between the experimental conditions . food label formats differ in the understanding of consumers . current study shows , that German adults profit most from the multiple traffic light labels . healthiness of foods is influenced by this label format most often . , such changes in perceived healthiness are unlikely to influence food choice and consumption . to establish the informed consumer with the hope that informed choices will be healthier choices are unlikely to change consumer behaviour and will not result in the desired contribution to the prevention of obesity and diet related diseases ."
2164,Abstract #2164,"purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of GaAlAs laser light to reduce pain induced by post-adjustment orthodontic final archwire , compared with a placebo control group , and also to evaluate if there are differences in pain gradient when conventional brackets or self-ligating brackets are used for orthodontic treatment . reports indicate that laser therapy is a safe and efficient alternative to alleviate pain caused in the initial stages of treatment , but there are no studies about its efficacy during the last stages of orthodontic treatment . initial sample was 60 orthodontic patients from a private practice , treated by straight wire technique , 30 of them with mini brackets Equilibrium ( ) ( Dentaurum , Ispringen , Germany ) and 30 with self-ligation In-Ovation C ( ) ( GAC/Dentsply , Tokyo , Japan ) slot 0.022 inch brackets . archwires used in the final stage of orthodontic treatment were stainless steel 0.0190.025 inch , slot 0.022 inch in both groups . a design of divided mouth , the dental arches were randomly assigned to receive one dental arch irradiation with 830nm 100mW therapeutic laser ( Photon Lase II ) , for 22sec ( 2.2 J , 80J/cm ( 2 ) ) along the vestibular surface and 22sec ( 2.2 J , 80J/cm ( 2 ) ) along the palatal surface of the root in the randomly selected arch . opposite dental arch received placebo treatment , with the laser light off . was evaluated using a visual analog scale ( VAS ) after 2 , 6 , and 24h , and 2 , 3 , and 7 days of application . time course of pain showed the same tendency in both groups , reaching a peak 24h after the archwire activation . application of laser therapy reduced pain for any period of time up to 7 days ( p < 0.00001 ) and for any kind of bracket . intensity laser application reduces pain induced by archwires used during the final stage of orthodontic treatment , without any interference regarding the kind of bracket , as reported by patients ."
2165,Abstract #2165,"conditions such as type 2 diabetes , hypertension , and smoking , in which haematocrit ( Hct ) tends to be higher , endothelial function is impaired . vitro , haemoglobin neutralizes nitric oxide very effectively . red blood cells participate in the regulation of endothelial function in vivo has not been established . and haematological parameters and forearm blood flow responses to acetylcholine ( ACh ) and sodium nitroprusside ( SNP ) were measured in 84 type 2 diabetic patients and 19 control subjects . showed blunted dose-response curves to both SNP and ACh . diabetics , across quartiles of Hct , ACh blood flow responses were progressively lower ( 881 + / -96 , 652 + / -81 , 513 + / -54 , 307 + / -46 % , P < / 0.0001 ) , and maximal SNP responses tended to be lower ( 706 + / -72 , 578 + / -61 , 607 + / -69 , 499 + / -53 % , P = 0.06 ) despite similar age , body mass index , glycated haemoglobin ( HbA ( 1c ) ) , blood pressure , serum total and HDL-cholesterol levels , indices of insulin sensitivity , and markers of inflammation . normalizing the ACh response for the SNP response ( ACh/SNP ratio ) , a progressive reduction across Hct quartiles ( 1.54 + / -0.23 , 1.22 + / -0.15 , 0.93 + / -0.09 , 0.66 + / -0.09 , P < 0.0001 ) was still observed , with patients in the III and IV quartile showing a blunted response compared with controls ( 1.44 + / -0.08 ) . in diabetics and controls , the ACh/SNP ratio was reciprocally related to Hct ( r = -0.46 and r = -0.66 , respectively , P < 0.002 for both ) . association was independent of comorbidities , gender , metabolic control , plasma lipids , or concomitant treatments , was stronger in the subjects with preserved endothelium-dependent dilatation , and was unchanged when haemoglobin replaced Hct . in diabetics and non-diabetics , haematocrit is inversely related to small vessel endothelium-dependent dilatation . , in addition to blood rheology , a direct negative effect on nitric oxide availability might explain the link between high Hct and cardiovascular disease ."
2166,Abstract #2166,"single flap approach ( SFA ) is a minimally invasive procedure designed for periodontal reconstructive procedures of intraosseous periodontal defects characterized by a dominant unilateral , buccal or oral , extension . study evaluates the adjunctive effect of guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) combined with a hydroxyapatite ( HA ) biomaterial in the management of intraosseous periodontal defects accessed with SFA compared to SFA alone . intraosseous defects ( in 24 patients ) were randomly allocated to treatment with SFA or SFA + HA/GTR . outcomes were assessed 6 months post-surgery . sites in the SFA + HA/GTR group showed incomplete closure at week 2 , which resolved spontaneously . were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in mean ( + / - SD ) clinical attachment gain ( 4.7 + / - 2.5 versus 4.4 + / - 1.5 mm ) , probing depth reduction ( 5.3 + / - 2.4 versus 5.3 + / - 1.5 mm ) , and gingival recession increase ( 0.4 + / - 1.4 versus 0.8 + / - 0.8 mm ) between the SFA + HA/GTR and SFA groups . with and without HA/GTR seems to be a valuable minimally invasive approach in the treatment of deep intraosseous periodontal defects . the present experimental conditions , the additional HA/GTR protocol offers no significant adjunctive effect ."
2167,Abstract #2167,"satiation may impact postprandial symptoms and potentially change food intake in obesity . aim was to compare effects of octreotide and placebo on postprandial symptoms , satiation , and gastric volumes in obesity . a randomized , parallel-group , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , 26 obese but otherwise healthy participants received 100 mug of octreotide or placebo subcutaneously 30 minutes before each study . were performed on 2 separate days and included validated non-invasive techniques : ( 99m ) Tc-single photon emission computed tomography imaging to measure fasting stomach volume and gastric volume changes after 90 mL of water and 240 mL of Ensure and a standardized nutrient drink test to measure the maximum tolerated volume and postprandial symptoms . to placebo , octreotide increased gastric volume after 90 mL of water ; however , fasting and gastric volume change post-Ensure and maximum tolerated volume of Ensure were not different . decreased sensations of fullness ( p = 0.035 ) and bloating ( p = 0.05 ) and tended to reduce aggregate symptoms ( p = 0.07 ) after the fully satiating meal . obese individuals , somatostatin analog significantly reduced postprandial sensations after a satiating meal without altering maximum tolerated meal volume or postnutrient gastric volume , suggesting an effect on upper gut sensation . role of somatostatin as a permissive factor in the development of obesity by reducing postprandial sensations deserves further study ."
2168,Abstract #2168,"psychogenic illness can be a significant problem for triage and hospital surge in disasters ; however , research has been largely limited to posthoc observational reports . on the impact of public media during a disaster have suggested both salutary as well as iatrogenic psychological effects . study was designed to determine if psychogenic illness can be evoked and if media will exacerbate it in a plausible , controlled experiment among healthy community adults . randomized controlled experiment used a simulated biological threat and elements of social contagion -- essential precipitants of mass psychogenic illness . were randomly assigned to one of three groups : no-intervention control group , psychogenic illness induction group , or psychogenic illness induction plus media group . included three assessments of symptom intensity , heart rate , blood pressure , as well as questionnaires to measure potential psychogenic illness risk factors . two psychogenic induction groups experienced 11 times more symptoms than the control group . illness was observed in both men and women at rates that were not significantly different . rates of lifetime history of traumatic events and depression were associated with greater induction of illness . was not found to exacerbate symptom onset . illness relevant to public health disasters can be evoked in an experimental setting . sets the stage for further research on psychogenic illness and strategies for mitigation ."
2169,Abstract #2169,"stress seems to play a role in impairing flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) in patients with peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) but the underlying mechanism is still undefined . evaluated whether NOX2 , the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase , the most important producer of reactive oxidant species ( ROS ) , is implicated in impairing FMD . measured FMD , urinary isoprostanes , a marker of oxidative stress , nitric oxide generation by serum levels of nitrite/nitrate ( NOx ) , and serum levels of soluble NOX2-derived peptide ( sNOX2-dp ) , a marker of NOX2 activation , in 50 PAD patients and 50 controls . , we performed an interventional cross-over study to assess if propionyl-L-carnitine ( PLC ) ( 6g/day ) , vs. placebo , was able to affect FMD via an oxidative stress-mediated mechanism . to controls , patients with PAD had enhanced sNOX2-dp and isoprostanes and reduced NOx and FMD . linear regression analysis showed that FMD was independently associated with sNOX2-dp . PLC infusion FMD increased while sNOX2-dp and isoprostanes significantly decreased ; no changes were observed after placebo . vitro study by incubating platelets or white cells with PLC demonstrated a significant inhibition of p47 ( phox ) translocation on cellular surface and ROS generated by NOX2 activation . study suggests that in PAD patients ROS generated by NOX2 contribute to reduce FMD and that the administration of an antioxidant is able to improve arterial dilatation via NOX2 inhibition ."
2170,Abstract #2170,"compare contrast-enhanced MR angiography ( CEMRA ) with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) for evaluating carotid stenosis . total of 167 consecutive symptomatic patients , scheduled for DSA following screening duplex ultrasound ( DUS ) , were prospectively recruited to have CEMRA . independent readers reported on each examination in a blinded and random manner . was assessed using the Bland-Altman method . and potential clinical impact of CEMRA was evaluated , singly and in combination with DUS . tended to overestimate stenosis by a mean bias ranging from 2.4 to 3.8 % . significant part of the disagreement between CEMRA and DSA was directly caused by interobserver variability . detection of severe stenosis , CEMRA alone had a sensitivity of 93.0 % and specificity of 80.6 % , with a diagnostic misclassification rate of 15.0 % ( n = 30 ) . importantly , clinical decision-making would , however , have been potentially altered only in 6.0 % of cases ( n = 12 ) . combination of concordant DUS and CEMRA reduced diagnostic misclassification rate to 10.1 % ( n = 19 ) at the expense of 47 ( 24.9 % ) discordant cases needing to proceed to DSA . intermediate approach of selective DUS review resulted in a marginally worse diagnostic misclassification rate of 11.6 % ( n = 22 ) but with only 6.8 % of discordant cases ( n = 13 ) . remains the gold standard for carotid imaging . clinical misclassification rate with CEMRA , however , is acceptably low to support its safe use instead of DSA . appropriateness of combination strategies depends on institutional choice and cost-effectiveness issues ."
2171,Abstract #2171,"studies ( Studies A and B ) were conducted to measure efficacy and safety of constant 17beta-estradiol ( E2 ) , pulsed norgestimate ( NGM ) hormone replacement therapy on bleeding and vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women . was pulsed in a 3-days-off/3-days-on fashion . A also assessed effects of treatment on vaginal cytology . two 360-day , multicenter , double-blind , parallel-group studies , 1,253 subjects were randomized to receive daily , unopposed E2 1 mg or one of three constant estrogen , pulsed progestin regimens : E2 1 mg/NGM 30 microg , E2 1 mg/NGM 90 microg , or E2 1 mg/NGM 180 microg . control improved over time in women treated with E2 1 mg/NGM 90 microg : 69 % of women were free of bleeding ( irrespective of spotting ) during month 1 , 71 % during month 6 , and 80 % during month 12 . 1 mg/NGM 30 microg had a lower incidence of bleeding but provided inadequate endometrial protection . subjects with vasomotor symptoms at baseline , the percentage of asymptomatic subjects at the end of 3 months was 70 % in the E2 1-mg group and 76 % in the E2 1-mg/NGM 90-microg group . 1 mg/NGM 90 microg was at least as effective as E2 1 mg alone in causing maturation of vaginal epithelial cells . regimens were well tolerated . dosing of NGM 90 microg for 3 days off and 3 days on along with continuous administration of E2 is effective in treating vasomotor symptoms and vulvovaginal atrophy , provides endometrial protection ( i.e. , no cases of endometrial hyperplasia or cancer ) , and has a bleeding profile acceptable to the majority of women studied ."
2172,Abstract #2172,"increases cortisol secretion in people at rest or undergoing mental stress . is not known whether tolerance develops in this response with daily intake of caffeine in the diet . therefore tested the cortisol response to caffeine challenge after controlled levels of caffeine intake . ( N = 48 ) and women ( N = 48 ) completed a double-blind , crossover trial conducted over 4 weeks . each week , subjects abstained for 5 days from dietary caffeine and instead took capsules totaling 0 mg , 300 mg , and 600 mg/day in 3 divided doses . day 6 , they took capsules with either 0 mg or 250 mg at 9:00 AM , 1:00 PM , and 6:00 PM , and cortisol was sampled from saliva collected at 8 times from 7:30 AM to 7:00 PM . 5 days of caffeine abstinence , caffeine challenge doses caused a robust increase in cortisol across the test day ( p < .0001 ) . contrast , 5 days of caffeine intake at 300 mg/day and 600 mg/day abolished the cortisol response to the initial 9:00 AM caffeine dose , although cortisol levels were again elevated between 1:00 PM and 7:00 PM ( p = .02 to .002 ) after the second caffeine dose taken at 1:00 PM . levels declined to control levels during the evening sampling period . responses to caffeine are reduced , but not eliminated , in healthy young men and women who consume caffeine on a daily basis ."
2173,Abstract #2173,"the differences in skeletal and dental maxillary expansion as evidenced by the degree of dental tipping and if this is symmetrical or not . patients who were diagnosed as requiring maxillary expansion treatment were recruited over an 18-month period . were randomly allocated into three groups where a total of three to four cone-beam computerized tomographies ( CBCT ) were obtained throughout a one-year period depending on the group allocated . used were from the first and second molars and premolars of the maxilla . each of the eight teeth , three landmarks were identified : the root apex , alveolar bone and pulp chamber . analysis consisted in the use of MANOVA and after significant overall effects were detected , the univariate repeated measures results were analyzed along with separate ANOVA for each variable at each of the four time points . was strong overall significance for time , group , and time * group . first and second molars saw both bone - and tooth-anchored treatment groups with significantly different dental inclination than the control group . the second premolars , only the tooth-anchored group was significantly different from control . tooth-anchored group was also significantly different than the control group in the first premolar measurements . the analysis of asymmetry in dental inclination , no significant time , group , or time * group effects were seen overall . analysis provided evidence that dental tipping does occur in the molars for both RME treatments , while the premolars showed increased tipping in the tooth-anchored , but not the bone-anchored group ."
2174,Abstract #2174,"activated devices have been used in gallbladder dissection in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy with encouraging results . aim of this study was to compare between the safety and efficacy of the harmonic shears and the commonly used clip and cautery technique in achieving safe closure and division of the cystic duct in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy . this prospective study , 120 patients with symptomatic gallstone disease were randomly assigned to either the harmonic scalpel laparoscopic cholecystectomy group ( HS group = 60 patients ) where closure and division of the cystic duct was achieved solely by the harmonic shears or the clip and cautery laparoscopic cholecystectomy group ( C&C group = 60 patients ) . minor nor major bile leaks were encountered in either group . , no bile-duct injuries were encountered in the present study . incidence of gallbladder perforation was statistically significantly higher in the C&C group , compared to the HS group ( 30 vs. 10 % , respectively ; P = 0.002 ) . median operative time was statistically significantly shorter in the HS group than in the C&C group ( 32 vs. 40 minutes , respectively ; P = 0.000 ) . statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of postoperative complications between both groups . harmonic shears are as safe and effective as the commonly used clip and cautery technique in achieving safe closure and division of the cystic duct in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy . , it provides a superior alternative to the currently used high-frequency monopolar technology in terms of shorter operative time and lower incidence of gallbladder perforation ."
2175,Abstract #2175,"evidence has indicated the benefits of simvastatin for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage . randomized placebo-controlled pilot trials that used the highest clinically approved dose of simvastatin ( 80 mg daily ) gave positive results despite the fact that a lower dose of simvastatin ( 40 mg daily ) did not improve clinical outcomes . hypothesized that a high dose of 80 mg of simvastatin daily for 3 weeks would reduce the incidence of delayed ischemic deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage compared with a lower dose ( 40 mg of simvastatin daily ) and lead to improved clinical outcomes . study design was a randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial . with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( presenting within 96 hours of the ictus ) from 6 neurosurgical centers were recruited for 3 years . primary outcome measure was the presence of delayed ischemic deficits , and secondary outcome measures included a modified Rankin disability score at 3 months and an analysis of cost-effectiveness . difference was observed between the groups treated with the higher dose or the lower dose of simvastatin in the incidence of delayed ischemic deficits ( 27 % versus 24 % ; odds ratio , 1.2 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.7-2 .0 ; P = 0.586 ) or in the rate of favorable outcomes ( modified Rankin Scale score , 0-2 ) at 3 months ( 73 % versus 72 % ; odds ratio , 1.1 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.6-1 .9 ; P = 0.770 ) . simvastatin treatment should not be prescribed routinely for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage . . identifier : NCT01077206 ."
2176,Abstract #2176,"refractory atopic dermatitis ( AD ) is a chronic , debilitating condition that is associated with elevated serum immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) levels . stromal lymphopoietin ( TSLP ) , thymus and activation-regulated chemokine ( TARC ) and OX40 ligand ( OX40L ) are important immunologic factors involved in the pathogenesis of AD . , an anti-IgE antibody indicated for use in allergic asthma , is implicated in regulating allergen presentation by dendritic cells and the T cell response during the effector phases of allergic disease . investigated if anti-IgE therapy modulates the allergen-specific responses mediated by the TSLP pathway in young patients with severe refractory AD . was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study of 8 patients between the ages of 4 and 22 years ( mean = 11.6 years ) with severe refractory AD ( clinical trials.gov NCT01678092 ) . IgE ranged from 218 to 1,890 ( mean = 1,068 IU/ml ) . received omalizumab ( n = 4 ) or placebo ( n = 4 ) every 2-4 weeks over 24 weeks using a regimen extrapolated from the package insert . , TARC , OX40L and other cytokines involved in AD were measured by using cytometric bead arrays . patients receiving omalizumab had strikingly decreased levels of TSLP , OX40L , TARC ( involved in Th2 polarization ) and interleukin ( IL ) -9 compared to placebo . addition , there was a marked increase in IL-10 , a tolerogenic cytokine , in the omalizumab-treated group . on anti-IgE therapy had an improvement in clinical outcomes as measured by the SCORAD system ; however , these effects were comparable to improvements in the control group . therapy with omalizumab decreases levels of cytokines that are involved in Th2 polarization and allergic inflammation , including TSLP , TARC and OX40L ."
2177,Abstract #2177,"often experience work-related stress that may lead to personal harm and impaired professional performance . has been used to manage stress in various populations . determine whether a biofeedback-based stress management tool , consisting of rhythmic breathing , actively self-generated positive emotions and a portable biofeedback device , reduces physician stress . controlled trial measuring efficacy of a stress-reduction intervention over 28 days , with a 28-day open-label trial extension to assess effectiveness . tertiary care hospital . staff physicians ( 23 men and 17 women ) from various medical practices ( 1 from primary care , 30 from a medical specialty and 9 from a surgical specialty ) were recruited by means of electronic mail , regular mail and posters placed in the physicians ' lounge and throughout the hospital . in the intervention group were instructed to use a biofeedback-based stress management tool three times daily . in both the control and intervention groups received twice-weekly support visits from the research team over 28 days , with the intervention group also receiving re-inforcement in the use of the stress management tool during these support visits . the 28-day extension period , both the control and the intervention groups received the intervention , but without intensive support from the research team . was measured with a scale developed to capture short-term changes in global perceptions of stress for physicians ( maximum score 200 ) . the randomized controlled trial ( days 0 to 28 ) , the mean stress score declined significantly for the intervention group ( change -14.7 , standard deviation [ SD ] 23.8 ; p = 0.013 ) but not for the control group ( change -2.2 , SD 8.4 ; p = 0.30 ) . difference in mean score change between the groups was 12.5 ( p = 0.048 ) . lower mean stress scores in the intervention group were maintained during the trial extension to day 56 . mean stress score for the control group changed significantly during the 28-day extension period ( change -8.5 , SD 7.6 ; p < 0.001 ) . biofeedback-based stress management tool may be a simple and effective stress-reduction strategy for physicians ."
2178,Abstract #2178,"possible association between ultrasound during pregnancy and subsequent non-right handedness among children has been suggested . association has been reported to be stronger among boys . aim of the present study was to explore this further through a meta-analysis of two follow-up studies of three randomized controlled trials of routine ultrasonography during pregnancy . was assessed through a questionnaire to the parents , and 4715 children at the age of 8-9 years were included in the meta-analysis . was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of non-right handedness between the ultrasound-screened children and the controls , but there was a statistically significant difference in a subgroup analysis among the boys . analyses according to exposure or non-exposure indicated an even stronger association between ultrasound and non-right handedness . conservative analytical approach indicates no association between ultrasound in utero and subsequent non-right handedness . results from the exploratory analyses must be interpreted with caution . is still a need for further research ."
2179,Abstract #2179,"serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors are increasingly being used for the treatment of panic disorder . examined the efficacy and safety of the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor sertraline hydrochloride in patients with panic disorder . hundred seventy-six nondepressed outpatients with panic disorder , with or without agoraphobia , from 10 sites followed identical protocols that used a flexible-dose design . 2 weeks of single-blind placebo , patients were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of double-blind , flexible-dose treatment with either sertraline hydrochloride ( 50-200 mg/d ) or placebo . patients exhibited significantly greater improvement ( P = .01 ) at end point than did patients treated with placebo for the primary outcome variable , panic attack frequency . differences between groups were also evident for clinician and patient assessments of improvement as measured by the Clinical Global Impression Improvement ( P = .01 ) and Severity ( P = .009 ) Scales , Panic Disorder Severity Scale ratings ( P = .03 ) , high end-state function assessment ( P = .03 ) , Patient Global Evaluation rating ( P = .01 ) , and quality of life scores ( P = .003 ) . events , generally characterized as either mild or moderate , were not significantly different in overall incidence between the sertraline and placebo groups . support the safety and efficacy of sertraline for the short-term treatment of patients with panic disorder ."
2180,Abstract #2180,"investigate the hemostatic effects of SF6 gas in preventing postoperative vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic vitrectomy . prospective , randomized study of 33 diabetic eyes with vitreous hemorrhage , treated by vitrectomy . 17 of our cases SF6 20 % was injected into the eye at the end of the operation , while in 16 cases BSS remained in the vitreous cavity . incidence of vitreous hemorrhage recurrence was 17.6 % for the SF6 group and 12.5 % for the BSS group ( statistically not significant ) . of lens opacities was observed in 23.5 % of the SF6 group , and in 18.8 % of the BSS group ( statistically not significant , with a higher incidence in the SF6 group ) . gas did not show hemostatic effects in the cases studied . , it may have contributed to cataract progression . we suggest that the use of SF6 is not recommended as a treatment modality in preventing new vitreous hemorrhage after diabetic vitrectomy ."
2181,Abstract #2181,"gut motility in very low birth weight infants causes feeding intolerance . evaluated the effect of domperidone , a prokinetic agent , on gastric emptying in very low birth weight infants . study was conducted in a crossover design . emptying was assessed ultrasonographically by measuring the time it took the antral cross sectional area of the stomach to reach half of the value of the 1st measurement on 2 occasions : ( 1 ) upon administration of domperidone ( 0.3 mg/kg/8 h p.o. ) for at least 2 days and ( 2 ) while patients received an equal quantity of sterile water . infants were randomly assigned to receive domperidone before the 1st measurement and the remaining afterwards . was a 3-5 day interval between the 2 measurements . the time when both measurements were performed , every neonate had been receiving the same quantity and quality of milk . infants were formula-fed while 10 were fed their own mother 's supplemented milk . infants with a mean ( SD ) birth weight of 1,377 g ( 319 ) and a mean ( SD ) gestational age of 30.2 weeks ( 2.1 ) were studied . mean ( SD ) antral cross sectional area half-value time ( in minutes ) was 47.6 ( 23.9 ) in the domperidone group and 68.2 ( 25.5 ) in the control group ( p = 0.008 ) . was no significant difference between formula-fed neonates and neonates fed their own mother 's milk in either group . significantly reduces gastric emptying in preterm neonates , and this may account for its effect in cases of disturbances related to gut motility ."
2182,Abstract #2182,"make good decisions about prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) screening , men must consider how they value the different potential outcomes . determine the effects of different methods of helping men consider such values . trial from October 12 to 27 , 2011 , in the general community . total of 911 men aged 50 to 70 years from the United States and Australia who had average risk . were drawn from online panels from a survey research firm in each country and were randomized by the survey firm to 1 of 3 values clarification methods : a balance sheet ( n = 302 ) , a rating and ranking task ( n = 307 ) , or a discrete choice experiment ( n = 302 ) . underwent a values clarification task and then chose the most important attribute . main outcome was the difference among groups in the most important attribute . outcomes were differences in unlabeled test preference and intent to undergo screening with PSA . mean age was 59.8 years ; most participants were white and more than one-third had graduated from college . than 40 % reported a PSA test within 12 months . participants who received the rating and ranking task were more likely to report reducing the chance of death from prostate cancer as being most important ( 54.4 % ) compared with those who received the balance sheet ( 35.1 % ) or the discrete choice experiment ( 32.5 % ) ( P < .001 ) . receiving the balance sheet were more likely ( 43.7 % ) to prefer the unlabeled PSA-like option ( as opposed to the `` no screening '' - like option ) compared with those who received rating and ranking ( 34.2 % ) or the discrete choice experiment ( 20.2 % ) . , the proportion who intended to undergo PSA testing was high and did not differ between groups ( balance sheet , 77.1 % ; rating and ranking , 76.8 % ; and discrete choice experiment , 73.5 % ; P = .73 ) . values clarification methods produce different patterns of attribute importance and different preferences for screening when presented with an unlabeled choice . studies with more distal outcome measures are needed to determine the best method of values clarification , if any , for decisions such as whether to undergo screening with PSA ."
2183,Abstract #2183,"evaluate the effect of compound branch chain amino acid ( BCAA ) injection on nutritional support in patients after radical resection for colorectal cancer . patients with radical resection for colorectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups , and received compound branch chain amino acid ( n = 25 ) or compound amino acid ( n = 25 ) as control per day from postoperative day ( POD ) 1 to POD 7 . levels of total protein , albumin , pre-albumin , transferring , nitrogen balance and complications were compared between the two groups . POD 8 , the levels of albumin , pre - albumin , transferring were ( 36.12 + / -3.16 ) g/L , ( 237.10 + / -37.29 ) mg/L , and ( 2.18 + / - 1.34 ) g/L in study group , and ( 30.61 + / -3.55 ) g/L , ( 191.73 + / -27.60 ) mg/L , and ( 1.71 + / -0.84 ) g/L respectively in the control group ( all P < 0.05 ) . balance increased significantly from POD5 , and increased to normal on POD 6 in study group , significantly higher than that in the control group ( 9.91 + / -6.53 vs - 9.73 + / -11.21 , P = 0.024 ) . complication rate of incision infection and delayed healing was 8.3 % in study group , significantly lower than 38.1 % in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . with compound amino acid , compound branch chain amino acid injection can reduce proteolysis , correct negative nitrogen balance and promote wound healing ."
2184,Abstract #2184,"is a structurally novel , acidic selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase ( COX ) -2 . coordinated existing methodologies in a single study to evaluate potency , selectivity , and effect on the human gastrointestinal tract . four healthy subjects ( aged 18-45 years , 12 female ) received high dose lumiracoxib ( 800 mg every day ) , standard dose naproxen ( 500 mg twice a day ) , or placebo for 8 days in a double-blind randomized crossover study . the start and end of each dosing period , COX-2 selectivity was assessed by ex vivo serum thromboxane B ( 2 ) ( COX-1 ) and lipopolysaccharide stimulated prostaglandin ( PG ) E ( 2 ) ( COX-2 ) , mucosal injury by endoscopy , and small and large bowel permeability by 0 - to 5-hour and 5 - to 24-hour ( 51 ) Cr-EDTA absorption . lumiracoxib was measured 2 hours after dosing on day 8 and vortex-stimulated ex vivo gastric mucosal PGE ( 2 ) synthesis at the end of each treatment period by enzyme immunoassay . was well absorbed and demonstrated similar potency to naproxen as a COX-2 inhibitor ( 77 % and 66 % inhibition , respectively , vs. placebo ) , but it differed in being more selective ( 24 % and 97 % inhibition of thromboxane B ( 2 ) vs. placebo ) . PGE ( 2 ) was reduced by 69 % by naproxen ( P < 0.001 vs. placebo ) and 29 % by lumiracoxib ( P < 0.01 vs. placebo and naproxen ) . subjects developed gastroduodenal erosions on lumiracoxib ( vs. 75 % on naproxen and 12.5 % on placebo ) . 51 ) Cr-EDTA absorption increased significantly with naproxen but not lumiracoxib . is a potent selective inhibitor of COX-2 that causes little or no endoscopically detected stomach or duodenal injury or changes in bowel permeability ."
2185,Abstract #2185,"conducted a prospective , double-blind , multicenter study of 287 cancer patients treated for the first time with high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy who were randomly assigned to receive three consecutive cycles of the same antiemetic treatment consisting of ondansetron plus dexamethasone , or metoclopramide plus dexamethasone and diphenhydramine . who received the ondansetron combination achieved significantly greater complete protection from vomiting , but not from nausea , in all three cycles of chemotherapy than did patients treated with metoclopramide ( 78.7 % v 59.6 % , P < .002 during the first cycle ; 73.4 % v 51.0 % , P < .002 during the second cycle ; 73.7 % v 47.5 % , P < .001 during the third cycle ) . ability of ondansetron treatment to protect patients from vomiting during the first cycle did not change in subsequent cycles , but decreased significantly as far as complete protection from nausea and from both nausea and vomiting are concerned . the metoclopramide combination , a significantly greater reduction of complete protection from vomiting , nausea , and both nausea and vomiting was detected . obtained in previous cycles of chemotherapy was the most important prognostic factor . events were significantly less frequent with ondansetron treatment during the three cycles of chemotherapy and no cumulative toxic effects were found with either treatment . plus dexamethasone was significantly more efficacious and better tolerated than metoclopramide plus dexamethasone and diphenhydramine during three cycles of chemotherapy and , in contrast to the metoclopramide regimen , the efficacy of ondansetron plus dexamethasone , at least for vomiting , is maintained in subsequent cycles ."
2186,Abstract #2186,"was the long-term follow-up of a previously reported randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation ( EVLA ) with cryostripping for great saphenous varicose veins . total of 120 patients with great saphenous varicose veins were randomized 1:1 to EVLA or cryostripping . outcome measures were freedom from incompetence or neovascularization on duplex imaging , and improvement in Venous Clinical Severity Score ( VCSS ) and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Severity Score ( AVVSS ) 5 years after treatment . analysis showed freedom from duplex-derived incompetence and neovascularization at 5 years in 62 ( 95 per cent confidence interval 50 to 76 ) per cent after EVLA and in 51 ( 39 to 66 ) per cent after cryostripping ( P = 0.246 ) . was more common after cryostripping , but incompetent tributaries were more common after EVLA . and AVVSS values improved significantly after treatment in both groups , and were maintained for 5 years , but with no significant difference between the groups . this study , no significant difference was demonstrated in late outcome after EVLA or cryostripping in patients with great saphenous varicose veins ."
2187,Abstract #2187,"purpose of this randomized clinical study was to test the efficacy of a resiliency training approach for people with diabetes who have previously received standard diabetes self-education . single-blinded , randomized design was employed with repeated measures ( baseline , 3 months , 6 months ) with 67 participants assigned to either treatment as usual ( n = 37 ) or the resiliency classes ( n = 30 ) . variables included physiological measures ( glycosylated hemoglobin , waist measurement , eating and exercise habits ) and psychosocial measures ( self-efficacy , locus of control , social support , and purpose in life ) . of variance indicated that the intervention group had higher levels of resiliency as reported by knowing positive ways of coping with diabetes-related stress , knowing enough about themselves to make right diabetes choices , having fun in life , eating healthier , and increasing physical activity compared with the control group at 3 months ( P < .05 ) . hemoglobin and waist measurement improved but not significantly . to foster resilience among people with diabetes have the potential to make an important contribution to increasing positive life outcomes . educators using the resiliency approach in tandem with standard diabetes education programs can assist their patients to become more self-directed in their diabetes care ."
2188,Abstract #2188,"aim was to evaluate whether administration of additional cysteine is safe and stimulates glutathione synthesis in preterm infants in early life . conducted a prospective , randomized , clinical trial with infants with birth weights of < 1500 g ( N = 20 ) . infants were assigned randomly to receive either a standard dose ( 45 mg/kg per day ) or a high dose ( 81 mg/kg per day ) of cysteine . of other amino acids were similar , providing a total protein intake of 2.4 g/kg per day in both groups . recorded base requirements in the first 6 days of life . postnatal day 2 , we conducted a stable isotope study to determine glutathione concentrations and synthesis rates in erythrocytes . requirements were higher in the high-dose cysteine group on days 3 , 4 , and 5 . an 80 % increase in cysteine intake , plasma cystine concentrations did not increase . concentrations and synthesis rates did not increase with additional cysteine administration . of a high dose of cysteine ( 81 mg/kg per day ) to preterm infants seems clinically safe but does not stimulate glutathione synthesis , compared with a lower dose ( 45 mg/kg per day ) . research is required to determine whether there is significant benefit associated with cysteine supplementation ."
2189,Abstract #2189,"compare the efficacy of bicalutamide monotherapy to maximal androgen blockade ( MAB ) in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer . untreated patients with histologically proven stage C or D disease ( American Urological Association Staging System ) were randomly allocated to receive either bicalutamide or MAB . disease progression , patients treated with bicalutamide were assigned to castration . primary end point for this trial was overall survival . end points included response to treatment , disease progression , treatment safety , quality-of-life ( QOL ) , and sexual function . total of 108 patients received bicalutamide and 112 received MAB . was no difference in the percentage of patients whose prostate-specific antigen returned to normal levels . the time of the present analysis ( median follow-up time , 38 months ; range , 1 to 60 months ) , 129 patients progressed and 89 died . was no difference in the duration of either progression-free survival or overall survival . , a survival trend favored bicalutamide in stage C disease but MAB in stage D disease . and subgroup trends were confirmed by multivariate analysis . adverse events and treatment discontinuations were more common in patients receiving MAB ( P = .08 and P = .04 , respectively ) . patients in the bicalutamide group complained of loss of libido ( P = . ) and of erectile dysfunction ( P = .002 ) . trends favored bicalutamide-treated patients also with respect to their QOL , namely relative to social functioning , vitality , emotional well-being , and physical capacity . monotherapy yielded comparable results relative to standard treatment with MAB , induced fewer side effects , and produced a better QOL ."
2190,Abstract #2190,"goal of this study was to evaluate the role of factors that may determine the efficacy of treatment with delayed head cooling and mild systemic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy . total of 218 term infants with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy plus abnormal amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic recordings , assigned randomly to head cooling for 72 hours , starting within 6 hours after birth ( with the rectal temperature maintained at 34.5 + / - 0.5 degrees C ) , or conventional care , were studied . or severe disability at 18 months of age was assessed in a multicenter , randomized , controlled study ( the CoolCap trial ) . , lower encephalopathy grade , lower birth weight , greater amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic amplitude , absence of seizures , and higher Apgar score , but not gender or gestational age , were associated significantly with better outcomes . a multivariate analysis , each of the individually predictive factors except for Apgar score remained predictive . was a significant interaction between treatment and birth weight , categorized as > or = 25th or < 25th percentile for term , such that larger infants showed a lower frequency of favorable outcomes in the control group but greater improvement with cooling . larger infants , the number needed to treat was 3.8 . ( > or = 38 degrees C ) in control infants was associated with adverse outcomes . there was a small correlation with birth weight , the adverse effect of greater birth weight in control infants remained significant after adjustment for pyrexia and severity of encephalopathy . after hypothermic treatment were strongly influenced by the severity of neonatal encephalopathy . protective effect of hypothermia was greater in larger infants ."
2191,Abstract #2191,"of dental treatment caused by anxiety is a common problem in children . midazolam has been the most commonly used premedication for pediatric patient but the use of midazolam may be associated with paradoxical reactions in children . may induce a natural sleepiness and improve sedation . have investigated premedication with melatonin compared with midazolam in children under nitrous oxide/oxygen ( N ( 2 ) O/O ( 2 ) ) sedation for dental treatment . a randomized study , 60 children received either 3 mg of melatonin [ Melatonina ( 3 mg ( R ) ) 60 min before the procedure ( n = 15 ) ; group I ] , 0.5 mg.kg ( -1 ) melatonin 60 min before the procedure ( n = 15 ; group II ) , 0.75 mg.kg ( -1 ) midazolam [ Dormicum ( 15 mg/3 ml ( R ) ) 15 min before the procedure ( n = 15 ) ; group III ] or 3 ml of 0.09 NaCl 15 min ( n = 7 ) or 60 min before the procedure ( n = 8 ; group IV ) orally . children were sedated with 40/60 % N ( 2 ) O/O ( 2 ) inhalation . heart rate and O ( 2 ) saturation were monitored during the treatment period . level of sedation was assessed according to the Ramsay Sedation Scale . children 's sedation success during dental treatment was classified . sedation success and other sedation-related events recorded . among the four groups were made using one-way anova or Kruskal-Wallis test , and if any significant differences were noted , the Tukey 's HSD or Mann-Whitney U-test were used for intergroup comparisons . differences were considered significant at P < 0.05 . evaluation of sedation success was as follows : group I : satisfactory ( n = 1 ) , average satisfactory ( n = 4 ) , and unsatisfactory ( n = 10 ) ; group II : satisfactory ( n = 2 ) , average satisfactory ( n = 3 ) , and unsatisfactory ( n = 10 ) ; group III : satisfactory ( n = 9 ) , average satisfactory ( n = 6 ) ; and group IV : satisfactory ( n = 1 ) , average satisfactory ( n = 3 ) , and unsatisfactory ( n = 11 ) . these doses and clinical conditions , melatonin was similar to that of placebo and did not contribute to N ( 2 ) O/O ( 2 ) sedation of anxious children ."
2192,Abstract #2192,"neuropsychological complications correlate with intra-operative microemboli in the middle cerebral artery . severe neurological complications follow cardiac surgery , diffuse cerebral fat emboli are present at autopsy . shed blood with cardiotomy suction is an important source of cerebral fat microemboli . cell saver may reduce this . patients were prospectively randomised to assess the amount of fat in blood salvaged from the pericardium and returned to the patient with either cell saver or cardiotomy suction . samples were taken before and after filtration in the cardiotomy suction group or cell saver processing in the cell saver group . centrifuging samples , fat content was graded on a scale of 0-3 by a blinded independent observer . content was also quantified by weight . with cardiotomy suction , cell saver removed significantly more fat from shed blood . fat grading after cell saver was 0 ( 0-1 ) compared with 1 ( 1-2 ) for cardiotomy suction ( P = 0.0001 ) . reduction in fat weight achieved by cell saver or cardiotomy suction was 87 % compared to 45 % ( P = 0.007 ) . was no difference in the post-operative use of blood or blood products , haemoglobin , or bleeding between the two groups . of cell saver results in less fat being recycled during cardiopulmonary bypass ."
2193,Abstract #2193,"studies have suggested that EES may reduce ST compared to PES , but no individual trial has been adequately powered for this endpoint . incidence of stent thrombosis , as well as the impact of dual antiplatelet therapy ( DAPT ) discontinuation during the first two years following everolimus-eluting stent ( EES ) and paclitaxel-eluting stent ( PES ) deployment were therefore analysed from a pooled , patient-level database derived from four randomised clinical trials . from the SPIRIT II , SPIRIT III , SPIRIT IV and COMPARE trials ( n = 6,789 patients ) were analysed . ST rates were determined using time-to-event methods and compared with the log-rank test . rates were also determined after DAPT discontinuation . compared to PES significantly reduced the two-year rates of ST ( 0.7 % versus 2.3 % , p = 0.0001 ) , including the interval rates of ST up to 30 days ( 0.2 % versus 1.0 % , p < 0.0001 ) , between 31 days and one year ( 0.2 % versus 0.6 % , p = 0.02 ) , and after one year ( 0.3 % versus 0.8 % , p = 0.001 ) . also reduced the two-year composite rate of cardiac death or MI ( 4.0 % versus 6.6 % , p = 0.0001 ) . rates of ST after DAPT discontinuation beyond six months were observed in the PES cohort , but not in the EES cohort . this large pooled analysis from four randomised trials , treatment with EES compared to PES significantly reduced the rates of ST through two years of follow-up , with a concomitant reduction in cardiac death or MI . discontinuation beyond six months may be safe with EES ."
2194,Abstract #2194,"placebo-controlled double-blind study examined the suitability of recording corneal epithelialization after phototherapeutic keratectomy ( PTK ) as a model of epithelial wound healing . patients with recurrent corneal erosion were randomized into 2 groups , and received PTK with a 7-mm ablation zone . , one group was treated with an ointment containing 5 % dexpanthenol and the other with the ointment vehicle without dexpanthenol . epithelial lesions were recorded by digital slit-lamp photographs with fluorescein staining at fixed intervals until epithelial closure . size of the epithelial defect was measured , and the average time until epithelial closure was calculated . of measurements was tested by calculating Cronbach 's alpha from measurements at the same point in time . could be taken at all scheduled examinations . measured size of the epithelial defects showed a high reliability ( Cronbach 's alpha = 0.994 ) . average time needed for epithelial closure was 57.5 h in the treatment group and 64.8 h in the placebo group ( p = 0.177 ) . measurement of slit-lamp photographs of standardized epithelial defects is an adequate method for monitoring the progress of corneal epithelial wound healing . wounds treated with dexpanthenol showed a slightly shorter average healing time , the difference to the placebo was not significant ."
2195,Abstract #2195,"assess the effectiveness of tamoxifen administration with letrozole in the context of intrauterine insemination ( IUI ) cycles . prospective double-blinded study included 130 patients . randomization , 65 patients in group A received letrozole + tamoxifen and human menopausal gonadotropin ( HMG ) , whereas 65 patients in group B received placebo instead of tamoxifen . both groups , the parameters recorded were total number of follicles with 16 and 18 mm diameter , endometrial thickness and appearance , and total HMG administered . results were compared between groups after single-stage IUI was performed . dominant follicles in both groups were similar ( mean number of follicles with diameter 16 and 18 mm was 1.5 1.4 and 1.6 1.1 , respectively , in group A and 1.5 1.1 and 1.6 1 , respectively , in group B ; at the same time with less HMG usage in group A ( 255 167 vs. 313 174 IU ) , and higher pregnancy rate in group A ( 18.7 vs. 11.7 % ) ; but none of them was statistically significant ) . , endometrial thickness was significantly higher in group A ( 7.7 1.5 vs. 7 1.3 mm ; P value 0.008 ) . addition to the efficacy of tamoxifen in co-administration with clomiphene citrate , it has promising effects with letrozole in induction of ovulation cycles with or without IUI ."
2196,Abstract #2196,"( miR-122 ) is an important host factor for hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) and promotes HCV RNA accumulation . intra-hepatic levels of miR-122 were observed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma , suggesting a potential role of miR-122 in the development of HCC . targets miR-122 and resulted in a dose dependent and prolonged decrease of HCV RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C patients . aim of this study was to establish the sustained virological response rate to peginterferon ( P ) and ribavirin ( R ) following miravirsen dosing and to assess long-term safety in patients treated with miravirsen . this multicenter , retrospective follow-up study we included 36 treatment nave patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 who received five weekly subcutaneous injections with miravirsen or placebo over a 29-day period in a phase 2a study . were offered PR therapy 3weeks ( 3mg/kg group ) or 6weeks ( 5 or 7mg/kg group ) after completion of miravirsen or placebo dosing . therapy was started in 14/36 patients of whom 12 had received miravirsen . was achieved in 7/12 patients previously dosed with miravirsen . patients dosed with 7mg/kg miravirsen who were subsequently treated with PR achieved SVR . patient had a prolonged undetectable HCV RNA period from week 14 to week 29 after baseline without subsequent antiviral therapy and relapsed thereafter . of the patients treated with anti-miR-122 developed HCC or other liver-related complications . long-term safety issues were observed among 27 miravirsen-treated patients . miR-122 may be an effective and safe treatment strategy for HCV infection and should be investigated in larger clinical trials ."
2197,Abstract #2197,"pylori ( H. pylori ) eradication rate varies according to the treatment regimen used and other factors , e.g. antimicrobial resistance and patient compliance . aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of patient counselling and follow-up on H. pylori eradication rates and to document the effectiveness of a 1 week eradication regimen consisting of lansoprazole ( 30 mg once daily ) , amoxicillin ( 1 g twice daily ) and clarithromycin ( 500 mg twice daily ) . dyspeptic patients , who at endoscopy were found to have gastritis , duodenitis or ulceration , and a positive H. pylori urease test , were recruited . were randomly assigned to an intervention group ( n = 38 ) or a control group ( n = 38 ) . patients received their medicines via the hospital pharmacy and were counselled ( and followed up ) by a hospital pharmacist . patients were given a standard advice sheet and referred to their GP who prescribed the same therapy . patients exhibited a statistically significant improvement in the H. pylori eradication rate ( 94.7 % vs 73.7 % ; P = 0.02 ) and compliance ( 92.1 % vs 23.7 ; P < 0.001 ) . the 64 H. pylori eradicated patients , 62 were able to eliminate their antisecretory medication compared with only 12 of the H. pylori persistent patients ( P < 0.001 ) . pharmacoeconomic evaluation indicated that counselling and follow-up reduced the direct costs of eradication by approximately 30 UK pounds per patient . patient counselling and follow-up can have a significant effect on H. pylori eradication rates and should be a routine part of therapy ."
2198,Abstract #2198,"pantoprazole is often administered inappropriately to hospitalized patients who can take oral medications . compare the antisecretory effects of oral rabeprazole and intravenous pantoprazole in healthy subjects . a double-blind , double-dummy , two-way crossover study , 38 Helicobacter pylori-negative volunteers were randomized to oral rabeprazole 20 mg or intravenous pantoprazole 40 mg daily for 3 days followed , after a 14-day washout period by the comparator treatment . pH was recorded continuously for 24 h at baseline and on days 1 and 3 of each treatment period . mean ( 95 % CI ) percentage of the 24-h recording with gastric pH > 4 was higher with rabeprazole than with pantoprazole on day 1 : 37.7 % ( 30.6-44 .8 % ) vs. 23.9 % ( 20.0-27 .8 ) . mean percentage times with pH > 3 and > 4 for all intervals assessed were greater and the median 24-h intragastric pH values were higher with rabeprazole than with pantoprazole on days 1 and 3 . mean acidity index was lower with rabeprazole on days 1 and 3 . rabeprazole 20 mg produced greater acid suppression than intravenous pantoprazole 40 mg . , it may be an appropriate and effective alternative in patients who can take oral medication ."
2199,Abstract #2199,"observe the clinical effects of Chinese Medicine internal-external combined therapy ( consisting of orally taking Chinese drugs and external acupoint sticking ) for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) in the stable period . hundred and seventy-eight COPD patients were randomly assigned to two groups , the control group was treated with Atrovent Metered Dose Inhalation , oral taking Mucosolvan and Bailing Capsule , and acupoint sticking with dummy plaster ; the treatment group was treated with ipratropium bromide aerosol , ambroxol hydrochloride , Chinese recipe prescribed according to syndrome differentiation , and combined with acupoint sticking with Xiaochuan Plaster applied in winters and summers ( 3 times in a season ) . were treated for three months . of the Chinese medicine syndrome scores , quality of life ( QOL ) , and the pulmonary function in patients before and after treatment were observed . of Chinese medicine syndrome and QOL in the treatment group were significantly improved after treatment with the effect better than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) , but the change of the pulmonary function was insignificant ( P > 0.05 ) . medicine internal-external combined therapy shows definite effect in treating COPD patients in the stable stage , it could distinctively alleviate clinical symptoms and improve the QOL of patients ."
2200,Abstract #2200,"report updated previous findings , at the 15-year mark , of the National Surgical Breast and Bowel Project ( NSAPB ) Protocol B-06 with respect to the treatment of invasive breast carcinoma and the effects of pathologic features and the effects of some clinical features on its natural history . pathologic and 6 clinical features that were observed in a pathologic subset of 1039 evaluable patients were assessed as to their value in predicting survival , in predicting ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence ( IBTR ) , and in predicting the necessity for local breast irradiation after lumpectomy . patients had been randomly assigned to treatment by lumpectomy without local irradiation or to treatment by lumpectomy with local irradiation of the breast . traditional and another statistical method were used for this purpose . analyses revealed that the presence of IBTR , race , histologic tumor type , nodal status , nuclear grade , and blood vessel invasion affected survival independently . , patient age , nuclear grade , presence of intraductal carcinoma , and a lymphocytic tumor infiltrate were features that predicted IBTR by multivariate analyses . reduced IBTR from 36 % to 12 % in the analyzed cohort . test of interaction failed to reveal any pathologic or clinical feature that might have allowed for the omission of local irradiation of the breast after lumpectomy . addition to the influence of pathologic and clinical features on patient survival and IBTR , the site , histopathologic features , and time of occurrence of the latter allowed for insights into some important biologic considerations concerning invasive breast carcinoma ."
2201,Abstract #2201,"investigated the pattern of rash , diarrhea , and hepatic adverse events ( AEs ) secondary to lapatinib and their association with age and pathologic complete response ( pCR ) in the Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation ( NeoALLTO ) phase III trial . with HER2-positive early breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive lapatinib ( Arm A ) , trastuzumab ( Arm B ) , or their combination ( Arm C ) for 6 weeks followed by the addition of paclitaxel for 12 weeks before surgery . investigated the frequency and time to developing each AE according to age ( 50 v > 50 years ) and their association with pCR in a logistic regression model adjusted for age , hormone receptors , tumor size , nodal status , planned breast surgery , completion of lapatinib administration , and treatment arm . patients randomly assigned to arms A and C were eligible ( n = 306 ) . patients ( 50 years ) experienced significantly more rash compared with older patients ( 74.4 % v 47.9 % ; P < .0001 ) . and hepatic AEs were observed in 78.8 % and 41.2 % of patients , respectively , with no differences in rate or severity or time of onset according to age . rash ( ie , before starting paclitaxel ) was independently associated with a higher chance of pCR , mainly in patients older than 50 years ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 3.76 ; 95 % CI , 1.69 to 8.34 ) but not in those 50 years ( OR = 0.92 ; 95 % CI , 0.45 to 1.88 ; P for interaction = .01 ) . significant association was observed between pCR and diarrhea or hepatic AEs . results indicate that the frequency and clinical relevance of lapatinib-related rash is largely dependent on patient age ."
2202,Abstract #2202,"conditioning regimens have been developed to minimise early toxic effects and deaths after allogeneic haemopoietic cell transplantation . , the efficacy of these regimens before this procedure has not been investigated in a randomised trial . this prospective , open-label randomised phase 3 trial we compared a reduced-intensity fludarabine-based conditioning regimen with a standard regimen in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission . were aged 18-60 years and had intermediate-risk or high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia ( defined by cytogenetics ) in first complete remission ; an available HLA-matched sibling donor or an unrelated donor with at least nine of ten HLA alleles ; and adequate renal , cardiac , pulmonary , and neurological function . Nov 15 , 2004 , and Dec 31 , 2009 , patients were randomly assigned ( 1:1 , by a computer-based minimisation procedure that balanced patients for age , cytogenetic risk , induction therapy , and donor type ) to receive either reduced-intensity conditioning of four doses of 2 Gy of total-body irradiation and 150 mg/m ( 2 ) fludarabine or standard conditioning of six doses of 2 Gy of total-body irradiation and 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide . patients were given ciclosporin and methotrexate as prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease . investigators nor patients were blinded to study treatment . primary endpoint was the incidence of non-relapse mortality , analysed in the intention-to-treat population . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00150878 . trial was stopped early on Dec 31 , 2009 , because of slow accrual of patients . patients were randomly assigned to receive reduced-intensity conditioning and 96 to receive standard conditioning . incidence of non-relapse mortality did not differ between the reduced-intensity and standard conditioning groups ( cumulative incidence at 3 years 13 % [ 95 % CI 6-21 ] vs 18 % [ 10-26 ] ; HR 062 [ 95 % CI 030-131 ] ) . incidence ( cumulative incidence 3 years 28 % [ 95 % CI 19-38 ] vs 26 % [ 17-36 ] ; HR 110 [ 95 % CI 063-190 ] ) , disease-free survival ( 3 year disease-free survival 58 % [ 95 % CI 49-70 ] vs 56 % [ 46-67 ] ; HR 085 [ 95 % CI 055-132 ] ) , and overall survival ( 3 year overall survival 61 % [ 95 % CI 50-74 ] vs 58 % [ 47-70 ] ; HR 077 [ 95 % CI 048-125 ] ) did not differ significantly between groups . 3-4 of oral mucositis was less common in the reduced-intensity group than in the standard conditioning group ( 50 patients in the reduced-intensity conditioning group vs 73 patients in the standard conditioning group ) ; the frequency of other side-effects such as graft-versus-host disease and increased concentrations of bilirubin and creatinine did not differ significantly between groups . conditioning results in a similar incidence of non-relapse mortality and reduced toxic effects compared with standard conditioning without affecting survival outcomes , and thus could be preferentially used in patients younger than 60 years with acute myeloid leukaemia transplanted in first complete remission ."
2203,Abstract #2203,"that take psychosocial factors into account are recommended for patients with persistent back or neck pain . compared the effectiveness of a brief physiotherapy pain management approach using cognitive-behavioural principles ( Solution-Finding Approach-SFA ) with a commonly used method of physical therapy ( McKenzie Approach-McK ) . patients referred by GPs to physiotherapy departments with neck or back pain lasting at least 2 weeks were randomized to McK ( n = 161 ) or to SFA ( n = 154 ) . were further randomized to receive an educational booklet or not . primary outcome was the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia ( TSK ) ( Activity-Avoidance scale used as a proxy for coping ) at 6 weeks , and 6 and 12 months . 649 patients assessed for eligibility , 315 were recruited ( 219 with back pain , 96 with neck pain ) . were no statistically significant differences in outcomes between the groups , except that at any time point SFA patients supported by a booklet reported less reliance on health professionals ( Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Powerful Others Scale ) , while at 6 months McK patients showed slightly more improvement on activity-avoidance ( TSK ) . 6 weeks , patient satisfaction was greater for McK ( median 90 % compared with 70 % for SFA ) . interventions resulted in modest but clinically important improvements over time on the Roland Disability Questionnaire Scores and Northwick Park Neck Pain Scores . McK approach resulted in higher patient satisfaction overall but the SFA could be more cost-effective , as fewer ( three vs four ) sessions were needed ."
2204,Abstract #2204,"purpose of this study was to assess the combination of intrathecal morphine and remifentanil infusion with isoflurane in off-pump coronary artery surgery , with a focus on postoperative analgesia and fast-tracking . , randomized , controlled , blinded clinical study . hospital . patients who underwent elective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting . were randomly assigned to receive remifentanil infusion alone ( control group , n = 23 ) or remifentanil infusion plus 10 microg/kg of intrathecal morphine ( ITM group , n = 23 ) . and maintenance anesthesia were the same in both groups . therapy was remifentanil infusion ( 0.25-1 microg/kg/min ) and 0.5 % to 1.5 % isoflurane , with adjustments according to hemodynamics . extubation , intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine ( 1-mg bolus and 5-minute lockout ) was administered , and Wilson sedation scores , visual analog pain scores ( scale , 0-100 mm ) at rest and during coughing , and cumulative morphine consumption were assessed at 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 24 , and 48 hours . were unaware of patients ' group identities . recovery parameters and opioid-related , spinal anesthesia-related , and cardiac complications were recorded . were no differences between the groups ' intraoperative hemodynamic or anesthetic recovery findings . scores and morphine consumption were significantly lower in the ITM group at all time points after extubation ( p = 0.0001-0 .05 ) . frequencies of opioid-related and cardiac complications were similar . patient had central neuroaxial hematoma or post-spinal tap headache . the setting of isoflurane anesthesia for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting , ITM combined with remifentanil infusion provides better postoperative analgesia than does remifentanil infusion alone , and does not improve or negatively affect fast-tracking ."
2205,Abstract #2205,"the intervention for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) , albuminuria is a new pivotal target . channel blocker ( CCB ) is one of the most expected agents . CCBs have been classified by delivery system , half-life and channel types . tested anti-albuminuric effect among 4 types of CCBs . were 50 hypertensives ( SBP/DBP 164.717.1 / 92.312.2 mmHg , s-Cr 0.810.37 mg/dl , urinary albumin excretion ( UAE ) 69.4 ( 33.5-142 .6 ) mg/gCr ) . CCBs were administered in a crossover setting : nifedipine CR , a long biological half-life L type by controlled release ; cilnidipine , an N/L type ; efonidipine , a T/L type ; and amlodipine , a long biological half-life L type . BP reductions were obtained . at endpoints ware as follows ( mg/gCr , * P < 0.01 ) : nifedipine CR 30.8 ( 17.3-81 .1 ) , * cilnidipine 33.9 ( 18.0-67 .7 ) , * efonidipine 51.0 ( 21.2-129 .8 ) , amlodipine 40.6 ( 18.7-94 .7 ) . all agents , significant augmentations were observed in PRA , angiotensin I and angiotensin II ( AngII ) . at cilnidipine was significantly lower than that at amlodipine . at cilnidipine and efonidipine was significantly lower than that at amlodipine . CR significantly reduced ANP concentration . is revealed that only nifedipine CR and cilnidipine could reduce albuminuria statistically . , it is suggested that the 2 CCBs might be favorable for organ protection in hypertensives ."
2206,Abstract #2206,"bypass grafting ( CABG ) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) are alternative methods of revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease . tested the hypothesis that in selected patients with multivessel disease suitable for treatment with either procedure , an initial strategy of PTCA does not result in a poorer five-year clinical outcome than CABG . with multivessel disease were randomly assigned to an initial treatment strategy of CABG ( n = 914 ) or PTCA ( n = 915 ) and were followed for an average of 5.4 years . of outcome events was performed according to the intention to treat . respective in-hospital event rates for CABG and PTCA were 1.3 percent and 1.1 percent for mortality , 4.6 percent and 2.1 percent for Q-wave myocardial infarction ( P < 0.01 ) , and 0.8 percent and 0.2 percent for stroke . five-year survival rate was 89.3 percent for those assigned to CABG and 86.3 percent for those assigned to PTCA ( P = 0.19 ; 95 percent confidence interval of the difference in survival , -0.2 percent to 6.0 percent ) . respective five-year survival rates free from Q-wave myocardial infarction were 80.4 percent and 78.7 percent . five years after study entry , 8 percent of the patients assigned to CABG had undergone additional revascularization procedures , as compared with 54 percent of those assigned to PTCA ; 69 percent of those assigned to PTCA did not subsequently undergo CABG . diabetic patients who were being treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents at base line , a subgroup not specified by the protocol , five-year survival was 80.6 percent for the CABG group as compared with 65.5 percent for the PTCA group ( P = 0.003 ) . compared with CABG , an initial strategy of PTCA did not significantly compromise five-year survival in patients with multivessel disease , although subsequent revascularization was required more often with this strategy . treated diabetics , five-year survival was significantly better after CABG than after PTCA ."
2207,Abstract #2207,"patients with Crohn 's disease often have low bone mass ( osteopenia ) for age . randomized , placebo-controlled trials using zoledronic acid have ever been performed in this population . objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of zoledronic acid in children with Crohn 's disease and osteopenia . double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled design was used . adolescents received either a single intravenous dose of zoledronic acid ( 0.066 mg/kg , max 4 mg , n = 7 ) or saline placebo ( n = 6 ) . primary outcome was change in lumbar spine bone mineral density ( LSBMD ) z-score at 6 months . outcomes included bone markers and adverse events . 6 months , the change in LSBMD z-score was significantly higher in the zoledronic acid group compared to placebo ( 0.7 vs 0.1 , P < 0.001 ) . adjusted LSBMD z-score also significantly increased in the treated group . significant difference persisted until 12 months . zoledronic acid , urinary C-telopeptide excretion decreased by 50 % at 6 months and remained suppressed at 12 months ( P = 0.02 ) , but no changes were observed with placebo . groups had similar adverse events which included transient fever , arthralgias , and nausea ( 3/7 treated , 2/6 placebo , P = NS ) . this study , zoledronic acid demonstrated a significant increase in LSBMD at 6 and 12 months following a well-tolerated infusion ."
2208,Abstract #2208,"determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after IV and PO administration to 6 healthy sheep . healthy adult Dorset cross sheep ( 5 males and 1 female ) . ( 0.5 mg/kg , IV , or 1.0 mg/kg , PO ) was administered in a randomized crossover design with a 10-day washout period . samples were collected at predetermined times over 96 hours . drug concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry . software was used to estimate values of pharmacokinetic parameters through noncompartmental methods . IV administration ( n = 5 ) , the geometric mean ( range ) elimination half-life was 14.0 hours ( 10.5 to 17.0 hours ) , volume of distribution was 0.204 L/kg ( 0.171 to 0.272 L/kg ) , and clearance was 0.17 mL/min/kg ( 0.12 to 0.27 mL/min/kg ) . oral administration ( n = 6 ) , maximum serum concentration was 1.72 g/mL ( 1.45 to 1.93 g/mL ) , time to maximum serum concentration was 19.0 hours ( 12.0 to 24.0 hours ) , clearance per bioavailability was 0.22 mL/min/kg ( 0.16 to 0.30 mL/min/kg ) , and terminal half-life was 15.4 hours ( 13.2 to 17.7 hours ) . of orally administered meloxicam was calculated as 72 % ( 40 % to 125 % ; n = 5 ) . adverse effects were evident following meloxicam administration via either route . administered PO at 1.0 mg/kg has good bioavailability with slow elimination kinetics in sheep . data suggested that meloxicam may be clinically useful , provided the safety and analgesic efficacy of meloxicam as well as feed-related influences on its pharmacokinetics are established in ruminants ."
2209,Abstract #2209,"catheterization is the key to a successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty ( PBMV ) . primary aim of the study was to investigate new methods of transseptal catheterization for PBMV . patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis were randomized into two groups for PBMV . the study group , the left atrial ( LA ) impression on the esophagus after a barium swallow was used as a reference of LA silhouette to determine the septal puncture site . the control group , the LA silhouette under a normal fluoroscopic view was used for the determination of septal puncture site . the study group , the average length of esophagus impression after a barium swallow was similar to the size of the left atrium measured by angiography ( 43.8 + / -0.6 mm versus 44.1 + / -0.7 mm , n = 42 , P > 0.05 ) . success rate of atrial septum puncture in the study and control groups were 100 % and 64.3 % , respectively ( P < 0.01 ) . catheterization was subsequently achieved using the barium swallow approach in the 15 initially unsuccessful patients from the control group . was successful in the 84 patients with significant reduction in LA pressure and improvement of clinical symptoms . catheterization in patients undergoing PBMV can be safely and effectively performed using the barium swallow approach ."
2210,Abstract #2210,"sodium is widely prescribed to treat primary hypothyroidism . is consensus that levothyroxine should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach . pilot study showed that levothyroxine intake at bedtime significantly decreased thyrotropin levels and increased free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine levels . date , no large randomized trial investigating the best time of levothyroxine intake , including quality-of-life evaluation , has been performed . ascertain if levothyroxine intake at bedtime instead of in the morning improves thyroid hormone levels , a randomized double-blind crossover trial was performed between April 1 , 2007 , and November 30 , 2008 , among 105 consecutive patients with primary hypothyroidism at Maasstad Hospital Rotterdam in the Netherlands . were instructed during 6 months to take 1 capsule in the morning and 1 capsule at bedtime ( one containing levothyroxine and the other a placebo ) , with a switch after 3 months . outcome measures were thyroid hormone levels ; secondary outcome measures were creatinine and lipid levels , body mass index , heart rate , and quality of life . patients completed the trial and were available for analysis . with morning intake , direct treatment effects when levothyroxine was taken at bedtime were a decrease in thyrotropin level of 1.25 mIU/L ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.60-1 .89 mIU/L ; P < .001 ) , an increase in free thyroxine level of 0.07 ng/dL ( 0.02-0 .13 ng/dL ; P = .01 ) , and an increase in total triiodothyronine level of 6.5 ng/dL ( 0.9-12 .1 ng/dL ; P = .02 ) ( to convert thyrotropin level to micrograms per liter , multiply by 1.0 ; free thyroxine level to picomoles per liter , multiply by 12.871 ; and total triiodothyronine level to nanomoles per liter , multiply by 0.0154 ) . outcomes , including quality-of-life questionnaires ( 36-Item Short Form Health Survey , Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale , 20-Item Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory , and a symptoms questionnaire ) , showed no significant changes between morning vs bedtime intake of levothyroxine . taken at bedtime significantly improved thyroid hormone levels . variables and plasma lipid levels showed no significant changes with bedtime vs morning intake . should consider prescribing levothyroxine intake at bedtime . Identifier : ISRCTN17436693 ( NTR959 ) ."
2211,Abstract #2211,"vitamin D ( 25-OHvitD ) insufficiency or deficiency should be treated in haemodialysis ( HD ) patients , although the 25-OHvitD target , drug or dosing regimens are unclear . describe factors associated with 25-OHvitD levels in HD patients and to assess the effect of three dosing regimens to supplement 25-OHvitD ( calcifediol ) on serum calcium ( Ca ) , phosphate ( P ) , parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) , 25-OHvitD and 1,25-OHvitD . hundred and seventeen patients from three HD units were studied . and biochemical data were collected at baseline . different 25-OHvitD assays were used . hundred and sixty-seven patients were treated with various calcifediol dosing regimens . same biochemical determinations were repeated after 3 months of treatment . baseline , 12.9 % of patients had 25-OHvitD < 10 ng/ml . multivariate linear regression , the season ( lower in winter ) and the assay method were determinants of 25-OHvitD concentration . calcifediol supplementation , 25-OHvitD , calcium and phosphate increased , while PTH diminished with statistical significance . treatment , there were positive correlations between 25-OHvitD and Ca ( r = 0.28 , p < 0.0001 ) or 1,25-OHvitD ( r = 0.75 , p < 0.0001 ) that were not observed in the baseline dataset . concentrations of post-treatment 25-OHvitD were associated with higher 1,25-OHvitD levels . increased more in those treated with concomitant active vitamin D or those having suppressed baseline PTH , while PTH decreased more in those having above-target PTH levels . of methods to determine 25-OHvitD blood levels is needed . HD patients , calcifediol increased 25-OHvitD , calcemia and phosphatemia and lowered PTH . should be exercised with the higher calcifediol dosing regimens , especially in patients with suppressed PTH or on vitamin D receptor activators ."
2212,Abstract #2212,"investigate the effect of a probiotic milk product containing the culture CAUSIDO ( R ) and of two alternative products on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese subjects . 8 week randomized , double-blind , placebo - and compliance-controlled , parallel study . healthy , weight-stable , overweight and obese ( 25.0 < BMI < 37.5 kg/m2 ) males ( n = 20 ) and females ( n = 50 ) , 18-55 y old , were randomly assigned into five groups . groups consumed 450 ml fermented milk products ( yoghurt ) daily . 1 : a yoghurt fermented with two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus ( StLa ) . 2 : a placebo yoghurt fermented with delta-acid-lactone ( PY ) . 3 : a yoghurt fermented with two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and one strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ( StLr ) . 4 : a yoghurt fermented with one strain of Enterococcus faecium and two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus ( CAUSIDO ( R ) culture ) , GAIO ( R ) ( G ) . dietary composition of the yoghurt was otherwise similar . fifth group was given two placebo pills ( PP ) daily . comparing all five treatment groups , unadjusted for changes in body weight , no statistical effects were observed in week 8 in the G-group on low density lipoproteins ( LDL ) - cholesterol ( P = 0.29 ) . adjustment for small changes in body weight , LDL-cholesterol decreased by 8.4 % ( 0.26 + / -0.10 mmol/l ; P < 0.05 ) and fibrinogen increased ( 0.74 + / -0.32 mmol/l ; P < 0.05 ) after 8 weeks in the G-group . was significantly different from the group consuming chemically fermented yoghurt and the group consuming placebo pills ( P < 0.05 ) . 8 weeks , systolic blood pressure was significantly more reduced in the StLa and G-group compared to StLr . other differences were found . CAUSIDO ( R ) culture reduced LDL-cholesterol and increased fibrinogen in the overweight subjects at a 450 ml consumption daily for 8 weeks . effect on LDL-cholesterol confirms previous studies . immunostimulation by one of the strains in the product might explain the effect on fibrinogen in the G-group . Foods A/S , Denmark ."
2213,Abstract #2213,"resection of the prostate ( TURP ) is the current optimal thera - py for the relief of bladder outflow obstruction , with subjective and objective success rate of 85 to 90 % . of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of Plasmakinetic ener - gy ( Gyrus electro surgical system ) , which produces vaporization of tissue immersed in isotonic saline against standard monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate . January 2002 to April 2002 , 160 consecutive patients , who had low urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) of benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) were enrolled in this study . were randomised to undergo bipolar TURP ( 80 patients ) or monopolar TURP ( 80 patients ) . work-up was assessed by administering IPSS , IIEF-5 and Qol questionnaires . patients were submitted to uroflowmetry , transrectal ultrasound ( TRUS ) , post-voidal residual urine measurement and PSA determination . the two groups , IPSS , IIEF-5 and Qol , uroflowme - try , TRUS , post-voidal residual urine measurement , PSA determination and number of reopera - tions were evaluated at 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , 24 , 30 and 36 months follow up , and then every year . , in both groups operative time , resected tissue weight and perioperative complica - tions were analysed . postoperative catheter time , total post-operative hospital stay , haemo - globin loss were also recorded in the two groups . data on IPSS symptom score , IIEF-5 , Qol , PSA , peak urinary flow rate and post-void residual urine volume were similar in the two groups but showed a significant improve - ment respect to baseline values . postoperative haemoglobin levels , postoperative catheteri - zation time , hospital stay and 3-year overall surgical re-treatment-free rate were significantly better in the bipolar group . TURP has a comparable outcome to standard monopolar TURP at short and medium term regard to subjective and objective outcome measurements . impact on blad - der outlet function is also similar to that of monopolar TURP . in IPSS , Qol index , IIEF-5 , Qmax and post-void residual urine volume were comparable in both group denoting sim - ilar efficacy of the techniques ."
2214,Abstract #2214,"efficacy of a single dose of antibiotic vs multiple doses of the same drug , in reducing maternal infections following the cesarean section , is evaluated . total of 206 pregnant women undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section from 1st June 1998 to 30 June 1999 , at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of L'Aquila , were included in a randomized study to compare the efficacy of prophylaxis with a single dose of piperacillin sodium ( 2 g i.v. after the umbilical cord clamping ; group A ) vs triple doses of the same antibiotic ( 2 g i.v. at 6 hourly intervals , beginning from the umbilical cord clamping ; group B ) . incidence of infective morbidity in group A was 7.3 % , with a 2 % wound infections , 1 % urinary infections and 4.16 % febrile morbidity . incidence of infective morbidity in group B was not much higher ( 9 % ) , with 2.7 % wound infections , 1.8 % urinary infections and 4.5 % febrile morbidity . order to obtain a useful antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean sections , the single-dose seems to be preferable to the multiple-doses , since the single-dose not only has equal efficacy , but also less cost , smaller risk of super-infections by resistant organisms and it involves smaller care from the-medical and nursing staff ."
2215,Abstract #2215,"test the hypothesis that L-arginine ( the substrate for nitric oxide synthase [ NOS ] ) administration slows the VO2 kinetics at the onset of moderate-intensity exercise in humans . physically active males were randomly assigned to receive either placebo ( lactose ) or L-arginine hydrochloride capsules ( 7.2 g x d ( -1 ) ) for 14 d in a double-blind crossover design , with a 7-d washout period between the two conditions . day 11 and day 14 of each condition , the subjects completed two consecutive 6-min bouts of cycle exercise at 80 % of the ventilatory threshold with a 12-min rest interval . was measured on a breath-by-breath basis , and VO2 kinetics were determined with a single exponential model from the averaged data derived from four repetitions . and venous blood samples were taken to determine plasma [ La ] and serum [ arginine ] , respectively . were no differences in circulating lactate either before or during exercise . , serum [ arginine ] was higher ( P < 0.05 ) in the arginine condition at rest ( 119.0 + / - 12.6 vs 103.6 + / - 15.7 micromol x L ( -1 ) in the control condition ) and after exercise ( 113.3 + / - 26.0 vs 103.8 + / - 12.6 micromol x L ( -1 ) in the control condition ) . regard to the pulmonary VO2 kinetics , no significant difference was observed in the time at which the phase II response emerged or in the phase II amplitude between the two conditions . , contrary to our hypothesis , the time constant was significantly reduced after arginine administration ( i.e. , 13.9 + / - 3.1 vs 15.8 + / - 2.6 s in the control condition , P < or = 0.014 ) . L-arginine administration speeds the phase II pulmonary VO2 response by 12 % at the onset of moderate-intensity exercise in humans ."
2216,Abstract #2216,"oral mini-pulse ( OMP ) therapy has been used effectively and safely in vitiligo , alopecia areata , and lichen planus . sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of betamethasone OMP in patients with symptomatic moderate to severe oral lichen planus and to compare it with topical triamcinolone acetonide . all , 49 patients with moderate to severe oral lichen planus were randomly allocated to receive either OMP comprising 5 mg of betamethasone orally on 2 consecutive days per week ( group A ) or triamcinolone acetonide ( 0.1 % ) paste application thrice daily ( group B ) , for 3 months followed by stepwise tapering during the next 3 months . response was assessed by the change in the score , which was based on the number of sites involved and the area affected . changes in the symptoms and side effects were also recorded . were followed up after treatment for 3 months to look for relapse . all , 23 of 25 patients in group A and 23 of 24 patients in group B completed the study . to excellent response was seen in 17 of 25 ( 68.0 % ) patients in group A as compared with 16 of 24 ( 66.0 % ) in group B at 6 months . state was achieved in 13 of 25 ( 52 % ) patients in group A and 12 of 24 ( 50 % ) in group B. difference in the mean scores within each group was statistically significant from the fourth week onward in group A and eighth week onward in group B , whereas in patients with erosive disease it was second and twelfth week onward , respectively . difference in the treatment response between the two groups was statistically significant only at week 24 when reduction in severity score was more in triamcinolone group . effects were seen in 14 ( 56 % ) patients in group A and 6 ( 25 % ) patients in group B , which were mild and reversible . occurred in 9 of 23 ( 39.1 % ) patients in group A after 13.78 + / - 6.96 weeks as compared with 5 of 23 ( 21.7 % ) in group B after 19.20 + / - 1.79 weeks . study was not blinded and the change in the quality of life with treatment was not measured . OMP improves the clinical outcome in patients with moderate to severe oral lichen planus . compared with topical triamcinolone acetonide it is equally effective but the response is earlier , especially in erosive disease . may be a useful and convenient alternative either as a monotherapy or to achieve rapid symptomatic relief during periods of exacerbations ."
2217,Abstract #2217,"are an estimated 16 million people blind in both eyes with cataracts . live in rural areas of developing countries where surgical resources are scarce . is no consensus on the most appropriate type of intraocular lens in situations where high-volume low-cost surgery is required . study was undertaken to evaluate the safety of multiflex open-loop anterior-chamber lenses ( ACIOLs ) . people attending Lahan Eye Hospital , southern Nepal , with bilateral cataracts reducing vision to 6/36 or less were randomly allocated to receive standard surgery -- intracapsular extraction ( ICCE ) with aphakic correction -- or ICCE with an ACIOL in their first operated eye . primary outcome was a visual acuity of less than 6/60 in the operated eye at 1 year follow-up . acuity was measured for 91 % of the cohort at 1 year . sample size was estimated to detect a doubling in poor visual outcome from an estimated rate of 4 % in the standard surgery ( control ) group . median ( range ) time taken to do the surgery was 6.0 ( 3.0-17 .2 ) min for the ACIOL group and 4.1 ( 2.4-10 .3 ) min for the control group . year after surgery , 5.0 % of the ACIOL group and 5.4 % of controls had functional vision less than 6/60 ( OR 0.93 [ 0.60-1 .43 ] , p = 0.71 ) . causes of poor vision in the ACIOL and control groups were : correctable refractive error ( 22 and 29 ) , uveitis/secondary glaucoma ( 13 and two ) , endophthalmitis ( four and seven ) , pre-existing eye disease ( four and five ) , retinal detachment ( none and four ) , cystoid macular oedema ( two and none ) , corneal ulcer ( one and one ) , and corneal decompensation ( none and one ) . study provides evidence that , in rural areas of developing countries , multiflex open-loop ACIOLs can be implanted safely by experienced ophthalmologists after routine ICCE , avoiding the disadvantages of aphakic spectacle correction . follow-up is planned ."
2218,Abstract #2218,"assess the practicality , acceptability to patients and salary costs of the antenatal care of low risk obstetric patients by midwives . randomised controlled trial . antenatal clinic at Westmead Hospital , a teaching hospital of the University of Sydney in western Sydney . January 1989 until November 1990 , 89 women booking for full antenatal care at Westmead Hospital and classified as low risk were randomly allocated to one of two groups . 1 ( 43 patients ) had their antenatal care provided by registered midwives . 2 ( 46 patients ) had their antenatal care provided by an obstetrician ( either Visiting Medical Officer or Staff Specialist ) in a routine hospital antenatal clinic . in the midwives ' clinic were seen by an obstetrician at their first visit to the antenatal clinic and again at 30 weeks and at 40 weeks . were the salary costs of each clinic and the patients ' levels of satisfaction . and neonatal indicators , delivery details and analgesic requirements were also considered . indicators were planned before data collection commenced . major differences found were a 28 % to 68 % salary cost saving and that patients cared for by midwives showed appreciation of the continuity of care and information given at the midwives ' clinic . care of low risk obstetric patients by midwives in a midwives ' clinic showed salary cost savings and high patient acceptance ."
2219,Abstract #2219,"purpose of this study was to compare long-term outcomes of coronary stenting in all lesions ( elective stenting ) or only in lesions with inadequate morphological and functional results after balloon angioplasty ( guided PTCA ) . of multivessel disease , with any lesion length and vessel size , was allowed provided that all lesions were suitable for stent implantation . were randomized to elective stent implantation ( n = 370 ) or guided PTCA ( n = 365 ) . optimal PTCA result ( residual diameter stenosis < / = 35 % , coronary flow reserve measured with a Doppler guidewire > 2.0 , absence of threatening dissections ) was achieved in 166 lesions ( 43 % ) . remaining 218 lesions underwent stent implantation ( provisional stenting ) . residual diameter stenosis was lower in the elective and provisional stent groups ( 9.3 % and 10.2 % ) than in the optimal PTCA group ( 24.8 % , P : < 0.00001 ) . an intention-to-treat analysis , the probability of > / = 1 major adverse cardiac event at 12 months was 17.8 % in the elective stenting group and 18.9 % in the guided PTCA group ( 20.1 % for optimal PTCA and 18.0 % for the provisional stenting subgroup , P : = NS ) . incidence of repeat target lesion revascularization at 1 year was 14.9 % in the elective stent group and 15.6 % in the guided PTCA group ( 17.6 % for optimal PTCA and 14.1 % for the provisional stenting subgroup , P : = NS ) . balloon angioplasty is guided by online quantitative angiography and Doppler-derived coronary flow reserve , with provisional stenting reserved for suboptimal results , early and late clinical outcomes are comparable to those achieved by elective stenting of all patients ."
2220,Abstract #2220,"prospective randomized controlled trial to determine the benefit of caesarean wound drainage in 305 low-risk pregnant women . women at low risk of haemorrhage undergoing caesarean section in the Department of Obstetrics , University Hospital , Zurich , between June 1998 and July 1999 were randomised after informed consent into a no-suction group ( n = 154 ) without post-caesarean wound drainage versus a control group with wound drainage ( subfascial and subcutaneous ) ( n = 151 ) . measures were perioperative decrease in haemoglobin ( Hb ) , postpartum fever ( > 38.5 degrees C for > 2 days ) , sonographic haematoma and other complications requiring revision , cumulative opiate dose adjusted to body weight , length of hospitalisation and operation time . patients completed the study . in Hb and the rates of fever , haematoma and revision were similar in both groups . , cumulative opiate dose was lower in the no-suction group ( 4.5 + / - 1.8 vs 2.8 + / - 1.4 injections , p = 0.0001 ) , and hospital stay was shorter ( 6.5 + / - 2.4 vs 7.4 + / - 2.8 days , p = 0.0058 ) , as was operation time ( 32.7 + / - 11.3 v 36.1 + / - 10.5 min ; p = 0.0071 ) . post-caesarean wound drainage is not only useless but cost-ineffective . the light of our results , wound drainage may be questioned and should be analysed generally ."
2221,Abstract #2221,"red cells may improve outcomes in critically ill patients by enhancing oxygen delivery while minimizing the risks of toxic effects from cellular changes and the accumulation of bioactive materials in blood components during prolonged storage . this multicenter , randomized , blinded trial , we assigned critically ill adults to receive either red cells that had been stored for less than 8 days or standard-issue red cells ( the oldest compatible units available in the blood bank ) . primary outcome measure was 90-day mortality . March 2009 and May 2014 , at 64 centers in Canada and Europe , 1211 patients were assigned to receive fresh red cells ( fresh-blood group ) and 1219 patients were assigned to receive standard-issue red cells ( standard-blood group ) . cells were stored a mean ( SD ) of 6.14.9 days in the fresh-blood group as compared with 22.08.4 days in the standard-blood group ( P < 0.001 ) . 90 days , 448 patients ( 37.0 % ) in the fresh-blood group and 430 patients ( 35.3 % ) in the standard-blood group had died ( absolute risk difference , 1.7 percentage points ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , -2.1 to 5.5 ) . the survival analysis , the hazard ratio for death in the fresh-blood group , as compared with the standard-blood group , was 1.1 ( 95 % CI , 0.9 to 1.2 ; P = 0.38 ) . were no significant between-group differences in any of the secondary outcomes ( major illnesses ; duration of respiratory , hemodynamic , or renal support ; length of stay in the hospital ; and transfusion reactions ) or in the subgroup analyses . of fresh red cells , as compared with standard-issue red cells , did not decrease the 90-day mortality among critically ill adults . Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others ; Current Controlled Trials number , ISRCTN44878718 . )"
2222,Abstract #2222,"investigate a combination of azaperone , detomidine , butorphanol and ketamine ( DBK ) in pigs and to compare it with the combination of azaperone , tiletamine and zolazepam ( TZ ) . , randomized , blinded , cross-over study . clinically healthy crossbred pigs aged about 2 months and weighing 16-25 kg . were pre-medicated with azaperone ( 4 mg kg ( -1 ) ) . minutes later anaesthesia was induced with intramuscular DBK ( detomidine 0.08 mg kg ( -1 ) , butorphanol 0.2 mg kg ( -1 ) , ketamine 10 mg kg ( -1 ) ) or TZ ( tiletamine and zolazepam 5 mg kg ( -1 ) ) . pigs were positioned in dorsal recumbency . and respiratory rates , posture , anaesthesia score , PaO ( 2 ) , PaCO ( 2 ) , pH and bicarbonate concentration were measured . was used to compare the areas under time-anaesthesia index curve ( AUC ( anindex ) ) between treatments . concerning heart and respiratory rates , PaO ( 2 ) , PaCO ( 2 ) and anaesthesia score were analysed with anova for repeated measurements . signed rank test was used for the data concerning the duration of sedation and anaesthesia . sedation , analgesia and anaesthesia lasted longer after DBK than TZ . AUC ( anscore ) were 863 + / - 423 and 452 + / - 274 for DBK and TZ , respectively ( p = 0.002 ) . duration of surgical anaesthesia lasted a median of 35 minutes ( 0-105 minutes ) after DBK and a median of 15 minutes ( 0-35 minutes ) after TZ ( p = 0.05 ) . pigs after DBK and six after TZ did not achieve the plane of surgical anaesthesia . heart rate was lower after DBK than after TZ . treatments had similar effects on the other parameters measured . the doses used DBK was more effective than TZ for anaesthesia in pigs under field conditions . combinations can be used for sedation and minor field surgery in pigs . doses and drugs chosen were insufficient to produce a reliable surgical plane of anaesthesia in these young pigs ."
2223,Abstract #2223,"determine the effect of Ensure on the relative oral bioavailability of gatifloxacin in healthy volunteers . , randomized , crossover study . research center . healthy volunteers ( six men , six women ) aged 18 years or older with no clinically significant abnormal findings on physical examination or in medical history . . consumed 120 ml of study liquid-water or Ensure-every 30 minutes for five doses . the second dose , subjects ingested a single gatifloxacin 400-mg tablet that had been uniformly crushed and mixed into the study liquid . blood samples were collected for 48 hours , and gatifloxacin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography . data were analyzed by using noncompartmental methods . serum concentration ( Cmax ) and area under the serum concentration-time curve from zero to infinity ( AUC0-infinity ) were tested for bioequivalence after log-transformation of the data . of parameters for gatifloxacin administered with water versus those with Ensure showed that Cmax ( 4.35 + / - 0.90 vs 2.41 + / - 0.58 mug/ml , p < 0.0001 ) and AUC ( 0-infinity ) ( 42.4 + / - 10.1 vs 31.3 + / - 8.3 mg * hr/L , p < 0.0001 ) were significantly decreased with Ensure , and bioequivalence was not achieved for either parameter . geometric least squares mean ratio was 0.553 ( 90 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.501-0 .611 ) for Cmax and 0.730 ( 90 % CI 0.664-0 .802 ) for AUC0-infinity . median time to reach Cmax was significantly prolonged when gatifloxacin was administered with Ensure versus that with water ( 2.5 hrs vs 1.0 hr , p = 0.006 ) . Cmax and AUC0-infinity of gatifloxacin were significantly decreased when the drug was administered with Ensure . clinical significance of these findings will depend on the offending pathogen and its susceptibility to gatifloxacin ."
2224,Abstract #2224,"role of antithrombotic therapy in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction is well established . the available literature suggests that warfarin is superior to aspirin , aspirin is currently the more widely used drug . studied the efficacy and safety of warfarin , aspirin , or both after myocardial infarction . a randomized , multicenter trial in 3630 patients , 1216 received warfarin ( in a dose intended to achieve an international normalized ratio [ INR ] of 2.8 to 4.2 ) , 1206 received aspirin ( 160 mg daily ) , and 1208 received aspirin ( 75 mg daily ) combined with warfarin ( in a dose intended to achieve an INR of 2.0 to 2.5 ) . mean duration of observation was four years . primary outcome , a composite of death , nonfatal reinfarction , or thromboembolic cerebral stroke , occurred in 241 of 1206 patients receiving aspirin ( 20.0 percent ) , 203 of 1216 receiving warfarin ( 16.7 percent ; rate ratio as compared with aspirin , 0.81 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.69 to 0.95 ; P = 0.03 ) , and 181 of 1208 receiving warfarin and aspirin ( 15.0 percent ; rate ratio as compared with aspirin , 0.71 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.60 to 0.83 ; P = 0.001 ) . difference between the two groups receiving warfarin was not statistically significant . of major , nonfatal bleeding were observed in 0.62 percent of patients per treatment-year in both groups receiving warfarin and in 0.17 percent of patients receiving aspirin ( P < 0.001 ) . , in combination with aspirin or given alone , was superior to aspirin alone in reducing the incidence of composite events after an acute myocardial infarction but was associated with a higher risk of bleeding ."
2225,Abstract #2225,"purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the anesthetic efficacy of posterior superior alveolar ( PSA ) nerve blocks , buccal infiltrations , and buccal plus palatal infiltrations with 2 % lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine in maxillary first molars with irreversible pulpitis . adult patients participated in this prospective , randomized , single-blinded study . patients were divided into 3 treatment groups on a random basis . patients received a PSA nerve block , 33 patients received buccal infiltrations , and 33 patients received buccal plus palatal infiltrations with 2 % lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine . access preparation was initiated 15 minutes after injection . during treatment was recorded using a Heft-Parker visual analog scale . was recorded as `` none '' or `` mild '' pain . analysis using nonparametric chi-square tests revealed that there was no statistical difference between the anesthetic success of PSA nerve blocks ( 64 % ) , buccal infiltrations ( 54 % ) , and buccal plus palatal infiltrations ( 70 % ) . of the tested methods gave 100 % anesthetic success rates in maxillary first molars with irreversible pulpitis ."
2226,Abstract #2226,"dose or twice-daily proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) use is often prescribed to heal severe reflux esophagitis . the effect of single dose morning ( control arm ) versus nighttime ( experimental arm ) omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate ( Zegerid ( ) ) ( IR-OME ) on esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms . outpatients with Los Angeles grade C or D esophagitis were allocated to open-label 40 mg IR-OME once a day for 8 weeks in a prospective , randomized , parallel design , single center study . ( EGD ) and validated self-report symptom questionnaires were completed at baseline and follow-up . and per-protocol analyses were performed . of 128 ( 72 % ) eligible subjects participated [ 64 ( 70 % ) male , mean age 58 ( range 19-86 ) , median BMI 29 ( range 21-51 ) , 58 C :34 D ] . , 81 ( 88 % ) subjects healed [ n = 70 ( 76 % ) ] or improved [ n = 11 ( 12 % ) ] erosions . was no significant difference ( morning vs. night ) in mucosal healing [ 81 vs. 71 % , ( p = 0.44 ) ] or symptom resolution [ heartburn ( 77 vs. 65 % , p = 0.12 ) , acid regurgitation ( 82 vs. 73 % , p = 0.28 ) ] . of newly identified Barrett 's esophagus was 14 % with half diagnosed only after treatment . IR-OME ( taken morning or night ) effectively heals severe reflux esophagitis and improves GERD symptoms . support the clinical practice recommendation to repeat EGD after 8 weeks PPI therapy in severe esophagitis patients to assure healing and exclude Barrett 's esophagus ."
2227,Abstract #2227,"randomized trials have shown similar results with endoscopic carpal tunnel release ( ECTR ) and open carpal tunnel release ( OCTR ) ; however , there are studies suggesting less postoperative pain , faster improvement in grip and pinch strength , and earlier return to work with the endoscopic technique . goal of this study was to prospectively examine subjective and functional outcomes , satisfaction , and complications after both ECTR and OCTR in the opposite hands of the same patient , serving as their own control . was a prospective , randomized study in which patients underwent surgery for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome . first carpal tunnel release was performed on the most symptomatic hand-determined by the patient . approach was randomly assigned and , approximately 1 month later , the alternative technique was performed on the contralateral side . data were obtained , and functional outcomes were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively , including pain score , 2-point discrimination , Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing , thenar strength , and overall grip strength . carpal tunnel syndrome-functional status score and carpal tunnel syndrome-symptom severity score were recorded before surgery and at 2 , 4 , 8 , 12 , and 24 weeks postoperatively . satisfaction with each technique was recorded at the conclusion of the study . , 25 subjects have completed final visit testing . were no differences in pain score , 2-point discrimination , Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing , thenar strength , or overall grip strength at any of the postoperative time points . tunnel syndrome-symptom severity score and carpal tunnel syndrome-functional status score were not significantly different between groups at any of the evaluations . satisfaction , where patients recorded a number from 0 to 100 , was significantly greater in the ECTR group ( 95.95 vs 91.60 , P = 0.04 ) . were no complications with either technique . interim analysis , using the same patient as an internal control , suggests that both OCTR and ECTR are well tolerated with no differences in functional outcomes , symptom severity and functional status questionnaires , or complications . there were no differences between groups using our study metrics , patients still preferred the ECTR , demonstrated by significantly higher overall satisfaction scores at the conclusion of the study ."
2228,Abstract #2228,"two types of cervical cryotherapy tips are widely used , there have been no randomized prospective comparison studies reported in the medical literature . conical tip proponents theorize that a greater depth of freeze near the os yields better treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) without elevating the squamocolumnar junction into the cervical canal . tip proponents theorize an equally effective CIN treatment with lower incidence of posttreatment squamocolumnar junction location in the cervical canal . comparative descriptive study was performed to evaluate 117 cryotherapy candidates with biopsy-proved CIN who were classified by location of their squamocolumnar junctions ( ectocervix , at the os , or in the canal ) . were then randomized to receive double-freeze cervical cryotherapy with either a flat or shallow conical tip . or more months later , repeated colposcopy and Papanicolaou smears were performed to assess resolution of CIN and posttreatment location of the squamocolumnar junction . patients ( 71 % ) completed the study . indicated no important difference between the two tips in eliminating CIN . squamocolumnar junction was colposcopically visualized at all posttreatment examinations . the pretreatment squamocolumnar junction location was on the ectocervix , data analysis indicated that squamocolumnar junction movement was greater with the shallow conical tip ( P = .037 ) , particularly into the canal , where it is clinically more difficult to visualize ( P = .019 ) . were no significant differences in movement of the squamocolumnar junction when it was originally at the os or in the canal . study found no significant difference in effectiveness of the two types of tips in eliminating CIN and supports the practice of using one type -- either flat or shallow conical tips -- to treat all candidates for cervical cryotherapy . the flat tip when the pretreatment squamocolumnar junction is on the ectocervix will allow easier posttreatment visualization of the squamocolumnar junction . studies with a greater number of subjects are indicated ."
2229,Abstract #2229,"allergic rhinitis ( PAR ) is a persistent allergic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract due to year-round allergen exposure . evaluate the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast for the treatment of PAR . 265 was a 2-arm study performed during the winter . a placebo run-in period , adults with perennial allergen sensitivity and active symptoms of PAR were randomized to receive 10 mg of montelukast ( n = 1002 ) or placebo ( n = 990 ) once daily during a 6-week , double-blind , active-treatment period . primary end point was the daytime nasal symptoms score , defined as the average of scores for nasal congestion , rhinorrhea , and sneezing rated daily by patients . significant improvements in PAR symptoms were seen in patients treated with montelukast . daytime nasal symptoms scores were reduced during treatment compared with those of the placebo group : the difference between treatments in least squares mean change from baseline was -0.08 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , -0.12 to -0.04 ; P < .001 ) . treatment also improved global evaluations of allergic rhinitis by patients and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores : differences vs the placebo group were -0.15 ( 95 % CI , -0.27 to -0.04 ; P < .01 ) and -0.15 ( 95 % CI , -0.24 to -0.06 ; P < .001 ) , respectively . end points that showed statistically significant improvement with montelukast treatment were nighttime symptoms and each of the 4 nasal symptoms ( congestion , rhinorrhea , sneezing , and itching ) . treatment effects of montelukast were stable and persistent during the entire 6 weeks of treatment . provided statistically significant relief of PAR symptoms during 6 weeks of treatment ."
2230,Abstract #2230,"dysfunction is a common problem of increasing incidence in patients with heart failure ( HF ) . , there is no knowledge on which demographic , clinical , and quality of life ( QoL ) aspects are related to difficulties in sexual activity nor on the course of sexual difficulties in patients with HF . on sexual difficulties were collected at 1 and 18 months after an HF hospitalization ( n = 792 , mean age 69 12 years , 35 % female , mean left ventricular ejection fraction 33 % 14 % ) by the question on sexuality of the Minnesota living with HF questionnaire . and clinical factors were assessed from medical records and QoL by Minnesota living with HF questionnaire , Medical Outcome Study 36-item General Health Survey , and Ladder of Life . total , 48 % ( n = 380 ) of the patients perceive difficulties in sexual activity at 1 month after discharge , and 70 % continued to perceive this at 18 months . , 27 % of the patients without difficulties at 1 month developed them during follow-up . with a partner ( OR 3.76 , 95 % CI 2.58-5 .48 ) , younger age ( OR 0.96 , 95 % CI 0.94-0 .97 ) ) , male gender ( OR 3.08 , 95 % CI 2.10-4 .43 ) , overall well-being ( OR 1.13 , 95 % CI 1.00-1 .27 ) , and physical ( OR 1.06 , 95 % CI 1.06-1 .08 ) and emotional ( OR 1.07 , 95 % CI 1.03-1 .10 ) QoL were independently associated with perceived difficulties in sexual activity . difficulties in sexual activity are common in patients with HF , particularly in younger and male patients and continue over time . who perceive difficulties in sexual activity report a significant lower QoL and overall well-being than those who do not ."
2231,Abstract #2231,"layer is a negative factor which prevents adhesion of the filling material to the dentinal walls . advances in dental research have incorporated lasers as a potential adjunct in root canal treatment by removing the smear layer before filling the root canal system , enhancing the adhesion of sealers to dentin and improving the sealing ability . evaluate the microtensile bond strength of AH-Plus resin-based sealer to dentin after treatment with 980 nm diode and 1,064 nm neodymium-doped : yttrium aluminum garnet ( Nd : YAG ) laser in vitro . specimens prepared for three groups namely group I ( control ) , group II ( 980 nm diode-lased specimens ) and group III ( Nd : YAG-lased specimens ) . tooth from each group was observed under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of intracanal root dentin morphology . specimens were used for making microsections by hard tissue microtome . for groups II and III were lased with 980 nm diode and 1,064 nm Nd : YAG laser . Plus sealer was applied onto specimens and mounted onto Instron universal testing machine for microtensile bond strength testing . were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) and Tukey 's test . III Nd : YAG had maximum mean microtensile bond strength values ( 11.558 0.869 ) , followed by group II diode ( 9.073 0.468 ) and group I control ( 6.05 0.036 ) . significant differences were seen among all the groups . analysis shows removal of smear layer in both groups II and III . Nd : YAG and diode laser were more effective than control group in improving the microtensile bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin . have the potential to increase the adhesiveness of root canal sealer to dentin surface , thereby improving the quality of root canal obturation ."
2232,Abstract #2232,"potential physicochemical interaction between epidural local anesthetics and extended-release epidural morphine ( EREM ) could negate the sustained release . this study , we sought to determine the pharmacokinetic and drug effects of prior epidural lidocaine administration on EREM . healthy women undergoing cesarean delivery were enrolled in this randomized study . received 8 mg EREM 1 hour after either a combined spinal-epidural ( intrathecal bupivacaine and fentanyl 20 g with no epidural medication ; group SE ) or an epidural anesthetic ( epidural 2 % lidocaine with fentanyl 100 g ; group E ) . concentration ( Cmax ) , time to Cmax ( Tmax ) , and AUC ( 0-last ) ( area under the concentration-time curve until the last plasma concentration that was below the limit of quantitation ) for morphine levels were determined from a plasma sample at 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 , and 30 minutes , and 1 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 , and 72 hours . effects including pain , analgesic use , and side effects were measured for 72 hours after cesarean delivery . lidocaine administration ( 20-35 mL ) 1 hour before epidural EREM administration increased the Cmax in group E ( 11.1 4.9 ) compared with group SE ( 8.3 7.1 ng/mL ) ( P = 0.038 ) . were no significant effects on Tmax and AUC ( 0-last ) of venous morphine between the groups ( P > 0.05 ) . was an increased incidence in vomiting , oxygen use , and hypotension in group E ( patients who received lidocaine before EREM ) . large dose of epidural lidocaine 1 hour before EREM administration alters the pharmacokinetics and drug effects of EREM . must apply caution when EREM is administered even 1 hour after an epidural lidocaine `` top-up '' for cesarean delivery ."
2233,Abstract #2233,"Coronary Artery Bypass Graft ( CABG ) Patch Trial tested the hypothesis that prophylactic insertion of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD ) improves survival rates after high-risk CABG . compared group-specific perioperative morbidity and mortality rates . were randomized intraoperatively to undergo CABG ( control subjects , n = 454 ) or CABG plus ICD implantation ( n = 446 ) . were no significant differences between groups in the incidence of diabetes , ejection fraction < 0.25 , end-diastolic pressure , prior myocardial infarction , or congestive heart failure . bypass time averaged 106 minutes in control subjects and 127 minutes in the ICD group . the inception of the trial , investigators were concerned that ICD therapy could increase surgical mortality rates or the incidence of shock , bleeding , congestive heart failure , arrhythmias , or deep sternal wound infection . these , only sternal wound infection was significantly more frequent in the ICD group ( 2.2 % versus 0.4 % , P < 0.05 ) . more common in the ICD group were infection at a wound or catheter site ( 12 % versus 6 % ) , urinary tract infection ( 4 % versus 1 % ) , pneumonitis ( 8 % versus 4 % ) , respiratory insufficiency ( 13 % versus 8 % ) , transient central nervous system deficit ( 6 % versus 2 % ) , and psychotic reaction ( 4 % versus 1 % ) . all-cause death rate was 6.7 % in the ICD group and 4.6 % for control patients ( P = NS ) at the time of the last surgical death , postoperative day 48 . ICD insertion during CABG is associated with an increase in perioperative infection . reporting bias may have influenced the data , if ICD insertion is indicated in CABG patients , metachronous endocardial implantation should be considered ."
2234,Abstract #2234,"consumption of orange juice may lead to reduced oxidative stress and may enhance the antioxidant defense system . aim was to evaluate the effects of the intake of orange juice containing either normal ( NPJ ) or high ( HPJ ) concentrations of polyphenols ( 299 and 745 mg/d , respectively ) on the antioxidant defense system , oxidative stress biomarkers , and clinical signs of metabolic syndrome in 100 nonsmoking subjects who were either overweight or obese . randomized , double-blind crossover study was conducted over two 12-wk periods with a 7-wk washout period . effects on enzymatic and nonenzymatic blood antioxidant defense systems , urinary and plasma oxidative stress biomarkers , and clinical signs of metabolic syndrome were evaluated before and after an intervention with both of the orange juices . t tests and linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the effects of juice , time , and interactions . intake of either NPJ or HPJ led to a decrease in urinary 8-hydroxy-2 ' - deoxyguanosine ( NPJ : 935 134 to 298 19 ng/mg creatinine ; HPJ : 749 84 to 285 17 ng/mg creatinine ) , 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 ( NPJ : 437 68 to 156 14 ng/mg creatinine ; HPJ : 347 43 to 154 13 ng/mg creatinine ) , erythrocyte catalase , and glutathione reductase activities . decrease was also observed in body mass index , waist circumference , and leptin ( all P < 0.05 ) . NPJ intervention decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures ( systolic blood pressure : 128 1 to 124 2 mm Hg ; diastolic blood pressure : 79 1 to 76 1 mm Hg ) , whereas the HPJ intervention increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) activity ( 17.7 1.5 to 23.1 1.7 U/mg hemoglobin ) . results show that the consumption of either NPJ or HPJ protected against DNA damage and lipid peroxidation , modified several antioxidant enzymes , and reduced body weight in overweight or obese nonsmoking adults . blood pressure and SOD activity were influenced differently by the different flavanone supplementations . trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01290250 ."
2235,Abstract #2235,"Eye Disease Study 2 ( AREDS2 ) is a randomized , placebo-controlled study designed to determine whether supplementation with 10 mg of lutein and 2 mg of zeaxanthin per day can slow the rate of progression of age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . some biomarkers of response to carotenoid supplementation such as serum concentrations are part of the AREDS2 protocol , measurement of carotenoid concentrations in the eye and other tissues is not . this approved ancillary study , macular pigment optical density ( MPOD ) , macular pigment distributions , and skin carotenoid levels at enrollment and at each annual visit were measured to assess baseline carotenoid status and to monitor response to assigned interventions . subjects enrolled at the Moran Eye Center had MPOD and macular pigment spatial distributions measured by dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging and total skin carotenoids measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy . . MPOD in enrolled subjects was unusually high relative to an age-matched control group that did not consume carotenoid supplements regularly , consistent with the high rate of habitual lutein and zeaxanthin consumption in Utah AREDS2 subjects prior to enrollment . did not correlate with serum or skin carotenoid measurements . information is provided through this ancillary study on the ocular carotenoid status of AREDS2 participants in the target tissue of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation : The macula . treatment assignments are unmasked at the conclusion of the study , unique tissue-based insights will be provided on the progression of AMD in response to long-term , high-dose carotenoid supplementation versus diet alone . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00345176 . )"
2236,Abstract #2236,"to cardiovascular medications is a significant public health problem . randomized study evaluated the effect on medication adherence of linking hospital and community pharmacists . patients with coronary artery disease discharged on aspirin , - blocker , and statin who used a participating pharmacy were randomized to usual care or intervention . usual care group received discharge counseling and a letter to the community physician ; the intervention group received enhanced in-hospital counseling , attention to adherence barriers , communication of discharge medications to community pharmacists and physicians , and ongoing assessment of adherence by community pharmacists . primary end point was self-reported use of aspirin , - blocker , and statin at 6 months postdischarge ; the secondary end point was a 75 % proportion of days covered ( PDC ) for - blocker and statin through 6 months postdischarge . 143 enrolled patients , 108 ( 76 % ) completed 6-month follow-up , and 115 ( 80 % ) had 6-month refill records . was no difference between intervention and control groups in self-reported adherence ( 91 % vs 94 % , respectively , P = .50 ) . the PDC to determine adherence to - blockers and statins , there was better adherence in the intervention versus control arm , but the difference was not statistically significant ( 53 % vs 38 % , respectively , P = .11 ) . to - blockers was statistically significantly better in intervention versus control ( 71 % vs 49 % , respectively , P = .03 ) . 85 patients who self-reported adherence and had refill records , only 42 ( 49 % ) were also adherent by PDC . trend toward better adherence by refill records with the intervention should encourage further investigation of engaging pharmacists to improve continuity of care ."
2237,Abstract #2237,"is the first report of a randomized , multicenter , clinical trial comparing the combination of sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil ( MMF ) with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation . at 6 months of follow-up are presented . transplantation , patients were randomized to receive tacrolimus plus corticosteroids with sirolimus ( n = 185 ) or MMF ( n = 176 ) . primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection . and graft survival , renal function , and composite endpoints also were evaluated . was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events . 6 months of follow-up , the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was similar in both treatment groups ( 13.0 % tacrolimus + sirolimus vs. 11.4 % tacrolimus + MMF ; P = 0.64 log-rank ) . survival ( 97.3 % tacrolimus + sirolimus vs. 97.7 % tacrolimus + MMF ) and graft survival ( 93.0 % tacrolimus + sirolimus vs. 95.5 % tacrolimus + MMF ) were equivalent ( P = 0.53 , overall survival log-rank ) . was a significantly higher incidence of study drug discontinuation in patients receiving sirolimus ( 21.1 % vs. 10.8 % ; P = 0.008 ) . function was significantly better in the MMF-treatment group ( serum creatinine 1.44 + / -0.45 mg/dL vs. 1.77 + / -1.42 mg/dL ; P = 0.018 ) . was significantly more prevalent in the sirolimus-treatment group . blood pressure was significantly higher in sirolimus-treated patients . were significantly more leukopenia and gastrointestinal adverse events in the MMF-treatment group . incidence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus was 7.6 % in the sirolimus group and 7.7 % in the MMF group . is equally effective in renal transplantation when combined with sirolimus or MMF . tacrolimus-MMF combination may be superior in terms of improved renal function and improved cardiovascular risk factors including hyperlipidemia and hypertension ."
2238,Abstract #2238,"evaluate the antiviral activity , safety , pharmacokinetics , and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of short-term monotherapy with tenofovir alafenamide ( TAF ) , a next-generation tenofovir ( TFV ) prodrug . phase 1b , randomized , partially blinded , active - and placebo-controlled , dose-ranging study . and experienced HIV-1-positive adults currently off antiretroviral therapy were randomized to receive 8 , 25 , or 40 mg TAF , 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF ) , or placebo , each once daily for 10 days . subjects were enrolled . characteristics were similar across dose groups . reductions in plasma HIV-1 RNA from baseline to day 11 were observed for all TAF dose groups compared with placebo ( P < 0.01 ) , with a median decrease of 1.08-1 .73 log10 copies per milliliter , including a dose-response relationship for viral load decrease up to 25 mg . steady state , 8 , 25 , and 40 mg TAF yielded mean TFV plasma exposures [ area under the plasma concentration-time curve ( AUCtau ) ] of 97 % , 86 % , and 79 % lower , respectively , as compared with the TFV exposures observed with 300 mg TDF . 25 and 40 mg TAF , the mean intracellular peripheral blood mononuclear cell tenofovir diphosphate AUCtau was 7-fold and 25-fold higher , relative to 300 mg TDF . with 300 mg TDF , TAF demonstrated more potent antiviral activity , higher peripheral blood mononuclear cell intracellular tenofovir diphosphate levels , and lower plasma TFV exposures , at approximately 1/10th of the dose . may translate into greater antiviral efficacy , a higher barrier to resistance , and an improved safety profile relative to TDF , supporting further investigation of TAF dosed once daily in HIV-infected patients ."
2239,Abstract #2239,"of the effect of mime therapy , a novel therapy combining mime and physiotherapy , for patients with longstanding ( at least 9 months ) sequelae of unilateral peripheral facial paralysis . clinical trial , with the treatment group receiving mime therapy and the control group forming a waiting list . outpatient department of two university medical centers . were 50 patients , 21 men and 29 women , with sequelae of facial paralysis and a mean House-Brackmann score of Grade IV . therapy , including automassage , relaxation exercises , inhibition of synkinesis , coordination exercises , and emotional expression exercises . of the face , lip mobility ( both lip and pout length ) and the physical and social index of the Facial Disability Index . , lip mobility , and both aspects of the Facial Disability Index improved substantially because of mime therapy . the basis of present evidence , mime therapy is a good treatment choice for patients with sequelae of facial paralysis ."
2240,Abstract #2240,"hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) regimens of combined oral estradiol with either continuous intrauterine or cyclic oral progestin were compared for 2 years . perimenopausal women randomly received an intrauterine system with continuous levonorgestrel release ( 20 microg/24 h ) combined with oral estradiol ( 2 mg daily ) , or a cyclic oral regimen of norethisterone acetate ( 1 mg on day 13-22 ) and estradiol ( days 1-21 ; 2 mg , days 22-28 ; 1 mg ) . on endometrial protection , vaginal bleeding patterns , blood loss and practical use were compared during 26 cycles . protection was adequate in both regimens . cyclic regimen induced a more regular bleeding pattern . continuous local administration induced a reduction in bleeding ( P = 0.001 ) with an initial period of prolonged and frequent bleeding . % became amenorrhoeic . found both regimens acceptable . intrauterine Levonorgestrel administration by using an intrauterine system can well be recommended for use in combination with oestrogen replacement therapy in perimenopausal women ."
2241,Abstract #2241,"American patients are significantly less likely to undergo knee replacement for the management of knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) . difference in preference ( willingness ) has emerged as a key factor . study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of a patient-centered educational intervention on patient willingness and the likelihood of receiving a referral to an orthopedic clinic . total of 639 African American patients with moderate-to-severe knee OA from 3 Veterans Affairs primary care clinics were enrolled in a randomized , controlled trial with a 2 2 factorial design . were shown a knee OA decision-aid video with or without brief counseling . main outcome measures were change in patient willingness and receipt of a referral to an orthopedic clinic . assessed were whether patients discussed knee pain with their primary care provider or saw an orthopedic surgeon within 12 months of the intervention . baseline , 67 % of the participants were definitely/probably willing to consider knee replacement , with no difference among the groups . intervention increased patient willingness ( 75 % ) in all groups at 1 month . those who received the decision aid intervention alone , the gains were sustained for up to 3 months . 12 months postintervention , patients who received any intervention were more likely to report engaging their provider in a discussion about knee pain ( 92 % versus 85 % ) , to receive a referral to an orthopedic surgeon ( 18 % versus 13 % ) , and for those with a referral , to attend an orthopedic consult ( 61 % versus 50 % ) . educational intervention significantly increased the willingness of African American patients to consider knee replacement . also improved the likelihood of patient-provider discussion about knee pain and access to surgical evaluation ."
2242,Abstract #2242,"test whether a suppertime injection of human ultralente insulin in patients with type I diabetes would result in a larger inhibition of basal hepatic glucose production ( HGP ) and improvement in fasting and mean daily plasma glucose levels . studied 16 type I diabetic patients ( 41 + / - 4 years of age ; body mass index [ BMI ] = 23.3 + / - 0.3 kg/m2 ; diabetes duration > 3 years ) with a crossover protocol of therapy with an intermediate and ultralente insulin . patients were already treated with three injections per day of regular insulin in addition to intermediate-acting ( NPH ) insulin at suppertime . a 14-day run-in period , patients were randomly assigned to treatment with equivalent doses ( 10.8 + / - 0.8 U , at 1900 ) of intermediate ( Humulin I ) or ultralente ( Humulin U ) insulin . 1 month of treatment , patients were crossed over . change of the insulin dosage was performed during the study period . HGP was measured by D - ( 6,6-2H2 ) - glucose infusion . glucose concentration was measured in the fasting state and monitored during the day . starting the study period , fasting plasma glucose was 13.4 + / - 1.1 mM and plasma free-insulin was 48.0 + / - 4.8 pM . plasma glucose concentration averaged 10.3 + / - 0.3 mM and the area under the curve ( AUC ) was 1.41 + / - 0.05 mol/14 h. NPH insulin , given at suppertime for a month , did not induce significant changes in fasting plasma insulin ( 40.2 + / - 4.8 pM ) , glucose concentration ( 14.0 + / - 0.9 mM ) or HGP ( 20.2 + / - 2.2 mumol.kg-1 . ) . , no change occurred in the average daily plasma glucose ( 10.3 + / - 0.3 mM ) or AUC ( 1.41 + / - 0.9 mol/14 h ) . hemoglobin also was not affected ( 8.2 + / - 0.4 vs. 8.2 + / - 0.3 % ) . the contrary , a 4-week treatment with ultralente insulin , also given at suppertime , was associated with a decline in the basal HGP ( 16.0 + / - 1.3 mumol.kg-1 . ) , fasting ( 11.3 + / - 0.9 mM ) and average daily ( 9.4 + / - 0.3 mM ) plasma glucose concentrations , and AUC ( 1.29 + / - 0.07 mol/14 h ) of plasma glucose level ( all P < 0.05 ) . hemoglobin was reduced ( 7.9 + / - 0.4 % ) . each condition , fasting plasma glucose concentration was correlated with the average daily plasma glucose level ( basal = 0.78 ; intermediate = 0.89 ; ultralente = 0.62 ; all P < 0.05 ) , which suggests that ultralente insulin likely induces the improvements of metabolic control through reducing fasting plasma glucose . results suggest that treating type I diabetic patients with ultralente insulin at suppertime provides a better modulation of basal HGP so that lower fasting plasma glucose levels are ensured . reduction of fasting hyperglycemia is likely to affect positively daily plasma glucose control ."
2243,Abstract #2243,"investigate the effect of resin-modified , glass-ionomer cement lining on the quality of posterior resin composite restorations , bonded with a two-step , total-etch or self-etching adhesive , at 1year . with 1-4 moderate-to-deep , primary occlusal caries in molars were informed and recruited . total of 110 composite restorations were placed in 75 participants , with one of four restorative procedures : ( a ) bonded with a total-etch adhesive ( Single Bond 2 ) ; ( b ) lined with glass-ionomer cement ( Fuji Lining LC ) , and then bonded with total-etch adhesive ; ( c ) bonded with a self-etching adhesive ( Clearfil SE Bond ) ; and ( d ) lined with glass-ionomer cement , and then bonded with self-etching adhesive . 1year , 57 patients ( 86 restorations ) attended the recall . of the restorations was evaluated and scored from 1 ( clinically excellent ) to 5 ( clinically poor ) using the following criteria : ( a ) patient satisfaction ; ( b ) fracture and retention ; ( c ) marginal adaptation ; ( d ) recurrent caries ; and ( e ) post-operative sensitivity . 1year , the qualities of the restorations were not significantly affected by the placement of glass-ionomer cement lining , regardless of the adhesive used ( P > 0.05 ) . of the restorations were scored 1 for all criteria . benefit of placing a glass-ionomer cement liner in resin composite restoration is questionable ."
2244,Abstract #2244,"concentrations of inspired oxygen are associated with pulmonary atelectasis but also provide recognized advantages . , the appropriate inspired oxygen concentration for general surgical use remains controversial . authors tested the hypothesis that atelectasis and pulmonary dysfunction on the first postoperative day are comparable in patients given 30 % or 80 % perioperative oxygen . patients aged 18-65 yr were anesthetized with isoflurane and randomly assigned to 30 % or 80 % oxygen during and for 2 h after colon resection . radiographs and pulmonary function tests ( forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume ) were obtained preoperatively and on the first postoperative day . blood gas measurements were obtained intraoperatively , after 2 h of recovery , and on the first postoperative day . tomography scans of the chest were also obtained on the first postoperative day . pulmonary mechanical function was significantly reduced compared with preoperative values , but there was no difference between the groups at either time . gas partial pressures and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference were also comparable in the two groups . preoperative chest radiographs were normal . radiographs showed atelectasis in 36 % of the patients in the 30 % - oxygen group and in 44 % of those in the 80 % - oxygen group . small amounts of pulmonary atelectasis ( expressed as a percentage of total lung volume ) were observed on the computed tomography scans , and the percentages ( mean + / - SD ) did not differ significantly in the patients given 30 % oxygen ( 2.5 % + / - 3.2 % ) or 80 % oxygen ( 3.0 % + / - 1.8 % ) . data provided a 99 % chance of detecting a 2 % difference in atelectasis volume at an alpha level of 0.05 . volumes , the incidence and severity of atelectasis , and alveolar gas exchange were comparable in patients given 30 % and 80 % perioperative oxygen . authors conclude that administration of 80 % oxygen in the perioperative period does not worsen lung function . , patients who may benefit from generous oxygen partial pressures should not be denied supplemental perioperative oxygen for fear of causing atelectasis ."
2245,Abstract #2245,"with frequent asthma exacerbations resulting in emergency department ( ED ) visits are at increased risk for future exacerbations . examined the ability of 1 dose of benralizumab , an investigational antiinterleukin 5 receptor monoclonal antibody , to reduce recurrence after acute asthma exacerbations . this randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , eligible subjects presented to the ED with an asthma exacerbation , had partial response to treatment , and greater than or equal to 1 additional exacerbation within the previous year . received 1 intravenous infusion of placebo ( n = 38 ) or benralizumab ( 0.3 mg/kg , n = 36 or 1.0 mg/kg , n = 36 ) added to outpatient management . primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with greater than or equal to 1 exacerbation at 12 weeks in placebo vs the combined benralizumab groups . outcomes included the time-weighted rate of exacerbations at week 12 , adverse events , blood eosinophil counts , asthma symptom changes , and health care resource utilization . proportion of subjects with greater than or equal to 1 asthma exacerbation at 12 weeks was not different between placebo and the combined benralizumab groups ( 38.9 % vs 33.3 % ; P = .67 ) . , compared with placebo , benralizumab reduced asthma exacerbation rates by 49 % ( 3.59 vs 1.82 ; P = .01 ) and exacerbations resulting in hospitalization by 60 % ( 1.62 vs 0.65 ; P = .02 ) in the combined groups . reduced blood eosinophil counts but did not affect other outcomes , while demonstrating an acceptable safety profile . added to usual care , 1 dose of benralizumab reduced the rate and severity of exacerbations experienced over 12 weeks by subjects who presented to the ED with acute asthma ."
2246,Abstract #2246,"examine the effect of a 12-month pharmaceutical care ( PC ) program on vascular risk in type 2 diabetes . recruited 198 community-based patients randomized to PC or usual care . patients had face-to-face goal-directed medication and lifestyle counseling at baseline and at 6 and 12 months plus 6-weekly telephone assessments and provision of other educational material . , biochemical , and medication-related data were sent regularly to each patient 's physician ( s ) . main outcome measure was change in HbA ( 1c ) . diabetes-specific risk engine was used to estimate changes in 10-year coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and stroke risk in patients without a history of cardiovascular disease . total of 180 patients ( 91 % ) completed the study . ( 95 % CI ) reductions were greater in PC case subjects ( n = 92 ) than control subjects ( n = 88 ) for HbA ( 1c ) ( -0.5 % [ 95 % CI -0.7 to -0.3 ] vs. 0 [ -0.2 to 0.2 ] ) and systolic ( -14 mmHg [ -19 to -9 ] vs. -7 [ -11 to -2 ] ) and diastolic ( -5 mmHg [ -8 to -3 ] vs. -2 [ -4 to 1 ] ) blood pressure ( P < or = 0.043 ) . improvement in HbA ( 1c ) persisted after adjustment for baseline value and demographic and treatment-specific variables . median ( interquartile range ) 10-year estimated risk of a first CHD event decreased in the PC case subjects ( 25.1 % [ 15.6-36 .2 ] to 20.3 [ 14.6-30 .2 ] ; n = 42 , P = 0.002 ) but not in the control subjects ( 26.1 % [ 17.2-39 .4 ] vs. 26.4 [ 16.7-38 .0 ] ; n = 52 , P = 0.17 ) . 12-month PC program in type 2 diabetes reduced glycemia and blood pressure . involvement contributed to improvement in HbA ( 1c ) independently of pharmacotherapeutic changes . could prove a valuable component of community-based multidisciplinary diabetes care ."
2247,Abstract #2247,"of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor given intravenously have been shown to be effective in reducing ischemic complications after coronary angioplasty and in unstable angina , making this a promising new class of agents for the treatment and prevention of ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndromes . ( Ro 48-3657 ) is an oral , peptidomimetic , selective antagonist of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor . Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) 12 trial was a phase II , double-blind , dose-ranging trial designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics ( PK ) , pharmacodynamics ( PD ) , safety , and tolerability of sibrafiban in 329 patients after acute coronary syndromes . the PK/PD cohort of TIMI 12 , 106 patients were randomized to receive one of seven dosing regimens of sibrafiban , ranging from 5 mg daily to 10 mg twice daily for 28 days . the safety cohort , 223 patients were randomized to one of four dose regimens of sibrafiban ( ranging from 5 mg twice daily to 15 mg once daily ) or aspirin for 28 days . levels of platelet inhibition were achieved : mean peak values ranged from 47 % to 97 % inhibition of 20 micromol/L ADP-induced platelet aggregation on day 28 across the seven doses . dosing provided more sustained platelet inhibition ( mean inhibition , 36 % to 86 % on day 28 ) , whereas platelet inhibition returned to baseline levels by 24 hours with once-daily dosing . hemorrhage occurred in 1.5 % of patients treated with sibrafiban and in 1.9 % of patients treated with aspirin . `` minor '' bleeding , usually mucocutaneous , occurred in 0 % to 32 % of patients in the various sibrafiban groups and in none of the patients treated with aspirin . bleeding was related to total daily dose ( P = .002 ) , once - versus twice-daily dosing ( P < .0001 ) , renal function ( P < .0001 ) , and presentation with unstable angina ( P < .01 ) . oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist sibrafiban achieved effective , long-term platelet inhibition with a clear dose-response but at the expense of a relatively high incidence of minor bleeding . IIb/IIIa inhibition deserves further study as a new treatment strategy in patients after acute coronary syndromes ."
2248,Abstract #2248,"antimicrobial agents may impair hepatic clearance of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P4503A isoforms . interactions of triazolam , a substrate metabolized almost entirely by cytochrome P4503A in humans , with 3 commonly prescribed macrolides were identified using an in vitro metabolic model . actual interactions , and their pharmacodynamic consequences , were verified in a controlled clinical study . an in vitro model using human liver microsomes , 250 mumol/L triazolam was incubated with ascending concentrations ( 0 to 250 mumol/L of troleandomycin , azithromycin , erythromycin , and clarithromycin . a randomized , double-blind , 5-trial clinical pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study , 12 volunteers received 0.125 mg triazolam orally , together with placebo , azithromycin , erythromycin , or clarithromycin . a fifth trial they received placebo plus placebo . 50 % inhibitory concentrations versus 4-hydroxytriazolam formation in vitro were as follows : 3.3 mumol/L troleandomycin , 27.3 mumol/L erythromycin , 25.2 mumol/L clarithromycin , and greater than 250 mumol/L azithromycin . oral clearance of triazolam when given with placebo or azithromycin was nearly identical ( 413 and 416 mL/min ) , as were peak plasma concentrations ( 1.25 and 1.32 ng/mL ) and elimination half-life ( 2.7 and 2.6 hours ) . oral clearance was significantly reduced ( P < .05 ) during erythromycin and clarithromycin trials ( 146 and 95 mL/min ) . plasma concentration was correspondingly increased , and elimination half-life was prolonged . effects of triazolam on dynamic measures were nearly identical when triazolam was given with placebo or azithromycin , but benzodiazepine agonist effects were enhanced during erythromycin and clarithromycin trials . in vitro model identifies macrolides that may impair triazolam clearance . interactions , and their pharmacodynamic consequences in volunteer subjects , were verified in vivo ."
2249,Abstract #2249,"patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy , mortality rate and quality of life are unsatisfactory . investigated the effects of the metabolic agent trimetazidine ( TMZ ) on exercise tolerance and prognostic markers B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) and cardiac troponin T ( cTnT ) plasma levels . patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy were randomized either to receive TMZ ( 20 mg , TID ) in addition to their conventional treatment ( TMZ group , n = 25 ) or to continue their usual drug therapy ( control group , n = 25 ) for 6 months . were evaluated at baseline , at 1 month , and at 6 months ( echocardiography and 6-minute walking test ) . enrollment and at the end of follow-up , blood testing was performed for determination of BNP and cTnT plasma levels . 6 months , no significant New York Heart Association class changes occurred in all patients ( P = NS ) . the TMZ group , a significant increase of exercise tolerance ( P < .01 ) was detected , whereas left ventricular ejection fraction was unchanged ( 28 % + / - 4 % , 29 % + / - 5 % , and 32 % + / - 5 % at baseline , at 1 month , and at 6 months , respectively ; P = NS ) . the TMZ group , BNP was significantly reduced ( 6 months , 135 + / - 22 vs 252 + / - 44 pg/mL ; P < .001 ) , whereas it was significantly increased in controls ( 6 months , 288 + / - 46 vs 239 + / - 59 pg/mL ; P < .02 ) ; cTnT significantly ( P < .001 ) reduced during TMZ treatment , whereas it was unchanged in the control group . TMZ treatment improves exercise tolerance and reduces plasma levels of BNP and cTnT in patients with compensated ischemic cardiomyopathy ."
2250,Abstract #2250,"examine the effect of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride ( AmF/SnF ( 2 ) ) - containing dentifrice and mouth rinse on plaque formation and gingivitis as compared with habitual oral hygiene procedures with a regular sodium fluoride ( NaF ) dentifrice . total , 22 general practices participated in this research project . participants ( N = 281 ) were randomly assigned into two groups : the test group received an AmF/SnF ( 2 ) dentifrice-mouth rinse combination and the control group received a NaF-containing dentifrice . patients were requested to brush twice daily for approximately 2 min . subjects of the test group had to rinse additionally in the evening for 30 s with 10 ml of the mouth rinse . groups started with comparable scores of plaque , bleeding and staining . 6 months , the plaque scores were 0.95 for the AmF/SnF ( 2 ) group and 0.99 for the NaF group ( decrease of 16 % and 10 % , respectively ) . scores , although significantly different from baseline , did not show differences between the two regimes . the end of the experimental period , the overall staining was more pronounced in the AmF/SnF ( 2 ) group ( 41 % ) than the NaF group ( 26 % ) . plaque reduction and increase in staining seemed to be correlated to the amount of mouth rinse used in the test group . instruction-resistant patients recruited from dental practices , the combined use of AmF/SnF ( 2 ) did not decrease gingivitis at a significant level in comparison with the regular regime of two times daily brushing with an NaF-containing dentifrice . , the above-mentioned combination resulted in greater plaque reduction than that observed with the use of the conventional dentifrice . used according to the manufacturer 's instructions , this effect on plaque scores was more pronounced ."
2251,Abstract #2251,"Affordable Care Act provides funding for home-visiting programs to reduce health care disparities , despite limited evidence that existing programs can overcome implementation and evaluation challenges with at-risk populations . authors report 36-month outcomes of the paraprofessional-delivered Family Spirit home-visiting intervention for American Indian teen mothers and children . American Indian teens ( N = 322 , mean age = 18.1 years ) from four southwestern reservation communities were randomly assigned to the Family Spirit intervention plus optimized standard care or optimized standard care alone . and child outcomes were evaluated at 28 and 36 weeks gestation and 2 , 6 , 12 , 18 , 24 , 30 , and 36 months postpartum . baseline the mothers had high rates of substance use ( > 84 % ) , depressive symptoms ( > 32 % ) , dropping out of school ( > 57 % ) , and residential instability ( 51 % ) . retention was 83 % . pregnancy to 36 months postpartum , mothers in the intervention group had significantly greater parenting knowledge ( effect size = 0.42 ) and parental locus of control ( effect size = 0.17 ) , fewer depressive symptoms ( effect size = 0.16 ) and externalizing problems ( effect size = 0.14 ) , and lower past month use of marijuana ( odds ratio = 0.65 ) and illegal drugs ( odds ratio = 0.67 ) . in the intervention group had fewer externalizing ( effect size = 0.23 ) , internalizing ( effect size = 0.23 ) , and dysregulation ( effect size = 0.27 ) problems . paraprofessional home-visiting intervention promoted effective parenting , reduced maternal risks , and improved child developmental outcomes in the U.S. population subgroup with the fewest resources and highest behavioral health disparities . methods and results can inform federal efforts to disseminate and sustain evidence-based home-visiting interventions in at-risk populations ."
2252,Abstract #2252,"undertook a prospective , randomized phase III trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a phase II agent before initiating therapy with standard combination chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer patients . total of 365 women with measurable metastatic breast cancer , previously untreated with chemotherapy for their metastatic disease , were randomized to receive either immediate chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , and fluorouracil ( CAF ) or up to four cycles of one of five sequential cohorts of single-agent drugs : trimetrexate , melphalan , amonafide , carboplatin , or elsamitrucin , followed by CAF . toxicity of each single agent followed by CAF was comparable to that of CAF alone . cumulative response rates for the single agent followed by CAF were not statistically different from those of CAF alone ( 44 % v 52 % ; P = .24 ) . , in the multivariate analysis , patients with visceral disease had a trend toward lower response rates on the phase II agent plus CAF arm ( P = .078 ) . survival and response duration also were not statistically significantly different between the two study arms ( P = .074 and P = .069 , respectively ) , there was a suggestion of benefit for the CAF-only arm . brief use of a phase II agent , regardless of its efficacy , followed by CAF resulted in response rates , toxicities , durations of response , and survival statistically equivalent to those seen with the use of CAF alone . findings support the use of a new paradigm for the evaluation of phase II agents in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer ."
2253,Abstract #2253,"study sought to examine whether ethnic differences occur in the presentation of patients with complicated grief or their treatment outcome . of a randomized controlled trial comparing a novel psychotherapy for complicated grief with interpersonal psychotherapy contrasted the clinical presentation , treatment alliance , and rates of treatment completion and response for 19 African Americans with complicated grief and 19 Caucasian Americans with complicated grief matched by sex , age , and baseline grief severity . were randomly assigned to receive 16 sessions of either standard interpersonal psychotherapy or interpersonal psychotherapy enhanced with focused complicated grief components . differences were found in any clinical or treatment-related measure . Americans and Caucasian Americans with complicated grief did not differ significantly in clinical presentation , treatment alliance , treatment completion , and outcome . results suggest that standard treatment for complicated grief can be provided successfully for different racial and economic groups ."
2254,Abstract #2254,"carotid eversion endarterectomy ( CEE ) has obtained consensus providing excellent early and late results , conventional carotid endarterectomy ( CEA ) with or without patching continues to be considered the gold standard surgical procedure . few studies published to date comparing CEE with CEA in a small series of patients have failed to show substantial advantages of one technique over the other , and further randomized comparative studies are still required . purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of CEA with routine patch closure ( CEAP ) with that of CEE and reimplantation ( CEER ) of the internal carotid artery in the common carotid artery . hundred thirty-six primary CEAs performed in 310 patients were randomized into 2 groups , 167 CEAPs and 169 CEERs . patients underwent duplex ultrasound scan control at 30 days , 6 months , 12 months , and every postoperative year thereafter . mean follow-up was 34 months ( range , 1 to 69 months ) . characteristics , risk factors , associated diseases , and indications for surgery were comparable in the 2 groups . the rate of intraoperative electroencephalogram changes was comparable in the 2 groups , the incidence of shunting was statistically higher in the CEAP group ( 28.1 % vs 1.2 % , P < .00001 ) . carotid cross-clamping time was significantly lower in the CEER group ( P = .01 ) . all deaths were in the CEAP group , the overall perioperative death and stroke-related death rates were comparable in the 2 groups . perioperative stroke rate was statistically higher in the CEAP group ( 2.9 % vs 0 % , P = .03 ) . the recurrent stenosis rate was comparable in the 2 groups ( 1.2 % vs 0 % ) , the CEAP group had a statistically higher rate of combined recurrent stenoses and occlusions ( 4.9 % vs 0 % , P = .003 ) . late mortality rate was similar in both groups . the outcome of CEAP in this series is consistent with that of the main reported trials , the CEER procedure is less likely than CEAP to cause perioperative stroke and death and seems superior in reducing the incidence of recurrent stenosis and late occlusive events ."
2255,Abstract #2255,"with reflux esophagitis suffer from a chronic condition that may cause considerable discomfort because of recurrent symptoms and diminished quality of life . study was designed to evaluate acute and long-term treatment comparing standard doses of omeprazole and high-dose ranitidine . with endoscopically verified symptomatic esophagitis grade I or II were initially treated with omeprazole 20 mg daily or ranitidine 300 mg twice daily for 4-8 wk . who were symptom free were randomized to maintenance treatment with omeprazole 10 mg daily or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily . were seen every 3 months or at symptomatic relapse . percentage of asymptomatic patients after 4 and 8 wk treatment were 61 % and 74 % , respectively , for omeprazole and 31 % and 50 % , respectively , for ranitidine . 446 patients treated initially , 277 were asymptomatic , of whom 263 entered the maintenance study . estimated proportion of patients in remission after 12 months of maintenance treatment with omeprazole 10 mg daily ( n = 134 ) and ranitidine 150 mg twice daily ( n = 129 ) were 68 % and 39 % , respectively ( p < 0.0001 ) . 20 mg daily is superior to high-dose ranitidine in the symptomatic treatment of reflux esophagitis grade I and II . , omeprazole at half the standard dose is more effective than ranitidine in a standard dose in keeping patients in remission for a period of 12 months ."
2256,Abstract #2256,"studies have shown that psychosocial factors play a significant role in the recovery process after injuries . aim of this study was to investigate whether psychosocial support would have a beneficial effect on outcome . total of 151 patients with orthopedic injuries were randomized into an intervention group and a control group . intervention group was offered a psychosocial support program during the early phase of rehabilitation . year after the injury , patients in the control group had an excess risk of having psychiatric complaints compared with patients in the intervention group ( odds ratio = 2.74 ) . also reported a poorer quality of life according to Short Formula 36 Health Survey subscores for General Health ( odds ratio = 2.3 ) and Vitality ( odds ratio = 2.45 ) . length of the sick leave period did not differ between the groups . support during the early phase of rehabilitation after orthopedic injuries may have a beneficial effect on outcome when measured as quality of life ."
2257,Abstract #2257,"assess the cost effectiveness of emedastine , a new antihistamine , versus levocabastine in the treatment of acute allergic conjunctivitis ( AAC ) in Belgium , France , Germany , The Netherlands , Norway , Portugal and Sweden . double-blind multicountry clinical trial followed by economic modelling from the treatment provider perspective . total of 221 patients ( 109 emedastine , 112 levocabastine ) with AAC were included . clinical trial compared the efficacy and safety of emedastine 0.05 % and levocabastine 0.05 % , both twice daily , for 42 days , using ocular redness , itching , days without symptoms and clinical failure as outcome measures . cost of first-line treatment failure , including visits , drugs and laboratory examinations , was established in each country from a panel of ophthalmologists and general practitioners . sensitivity analyses were conducted . day 7 to 42 , patients treated with emedastine had less itching ( p < 0.001 ) and less redness ( p < 0.001 ) . failure rate was 10 % less ( p < 0.02 ) with emedastine and patients treated with emedastine had an incremental 8.5 days ( p < 0.01 ) without symptoms . and levocabastine were equally well tolerated . all European countries , the cost of failure was lower with emedastine . was found to be economically dominant relative to levocabastine , i.e. more effective and less expensive , in Belgium , Germany , Portugal and Sweden ; in France , The Netherlands and Norway the incremental cost was low ( less than 1 euro per additional symptom-free day ) . a model based on a randomised clinical trial and cost estimates of treatment failure derived from practitioner interviews , emedastine is a cost-effective treatment of AAC ."
2258,Abstract #2258,"purpose of this study was to develop software that allows the performance of routine static threshold perimetry using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope ( SLO ) and the comparison of the results with conventional computerized cupola perimetry . original software does not allow performance of static threshold perimetry within a reasonable examination time . perimetry was performed in random order on 50 healthy eyes using our SLO staircase threshold perimetry technique and the Octopus 500 ( program 38 ) . compared the relative sensitivities for each of 25 corresponding visual field locations . sensitivity in the SLO perimetry amounted to 32.7 dB ( range 25-37 dB ) while it was 28.7 dB in the Octopus . all test locations the SLO showed higher dB values on average . mean difference between both methods was 3.7 + / - 0.8 dB ( range 1.4-5 .8 dB ) when the test locations at the blind spot were excluded ( linear regression between the two methods : r = 0.843 , P < 0.0001 ) . mean time interval between two stimulus presentations was 2.5 s with the SLO perimetry . the Heidelberg software , automated static threshold perimetry using the SLO is possible within reasonably short examination times . mean time interval between two test point presentations is about one tenth of that necessary using the original Rodenstock software . is a systematic difference between SLO and Octopus fields of about 4 dB which was not very much influenced by the stimulus locations ."
2259,Abstract #2259,"aim of the study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril in post-myocardial infarction ( MI ) patients with preserved left ventricular function ( LVF ) . hundred forty-nine post-MI patients with preserved LVF ( LV ejection fraction > 40 % ) were treated for 6 months with zofenopril 30 to 60 mg ( n = 177 ) or placebo ( n = 172 ) according to a double-blind , randomized study design . primary end point of the study was the combined occurrence of significant ST-T abnormalities on ambulatory electrocardiography ( ECG ) , ECG abnormalities or symptoms of angina during standard exercise test , recurrence of MI , and need for revascularization procedures for angina . primary end point occurred in 20.3 % of zofenopril-treated and 35.9 % of placebo-treated patients ( P = .001 ) , despite no differences in blood pressure control , LVF , and concomitant therapy . depression during ambulatory ECG occurred in 22.7 % of patients treated with placebo and 10.7 % of those undergoing ACE-inhibition treatment ( P = .027 ) . depression in response to exercise test occurred in 14.2 % and 26.7 % of patients treated with zofenopril or placebo , respectively , ( P = .024 ) , with a lower proportion of zofenopril-treated patients who complained of anginal pain ( 4.7 vs 14.3 % ; P = .017 ) , significant ST depression ( 14.2 vs 26.7 % ; P = .024 ) , and major ventricular arrhythmias ( 3.8 vs 10.5 % ; P = .048 ) . rate of major cardiovascular events was reduced in patients treated with ACE inhibitor , with a lower rate of development and progression of congestive heart failure . results of the SMILE-ISCHEMIA study support the cardioprotective role of zofenopril when given to patients with normal LVF after acute MI ."
2260,Abstract #2260,"assess gastrointestinal function in critically ill patients receiving muscle relaxant and to test clinical tolerance to enteral nutrition . study in an intensive care unit . critically ill patients requiring sedation with muscle relaxant to obtain adequate mechanical ventilation . were randomly selected to receive infusions of opioid sedation during the first session ( session 1 ) and the same sedation with muscle relaxation ( cisatracurium ) during the second session ( session 2 ) . emptying was assessed by the paracetamol absorption technique . the paracetamol absorption 200 ml enteral feed was given , and the residual gastric volume was measured 1 and 2 h after feeding . maximum plasma concentration ( Cmax ) was 14 mg/l ( range 5-26 ) when patients received sedation , and 12 mg/l ( range 5-30 ) when they received muscle relaxant . target time for reaching the maximum plasma concentration ( Tmax ) was 30 min ( range 20-60 ) and 35 min ( range 20-60 ) , respectively , in sessions 1 and 2 . was no significant difference between the two session as regards Tmax , Cmax , or AUC ( 0-120 ) . residual volumes were 110 + / -65 ml ( H1 ) and 95 + / -76 ml ( H2 ) during session 1 and 125 + / -85 ml ( H1 ) and 105 + / -90 ml ( H2 ) during session 2 . feeding is one of the most effective methods of supporting nutritional needs in the critically ill patient . conclude that in critically ill patients requiring sedation gastric emptying is not improved by neuromuscular blocking agent ."
2261,Abstract #2261,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of patients affected by chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome ( CP/CPPS ) . CP/CPPS patients completed the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index ( NIH-CPSI ) and International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function-5 ( IIEF-5 ) questionnaires , uroflowmetry , and evaluation of psychologic status using Hamilton Anxiety Scale ( HAM-A ) and Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAM-D ) . were randomly assigned to 2 treatments groups . in group 1 consisted of a simultaneous oral administration of tamsulosin ( 0.4 mg/d , 60 mg/d ) , saw palmetto ( 320 mg/d ) , and duloxetine ( 60 mg/d ) . in group 2 consisted of tamsulosin ( 0.4 mg/d ) and saw palmetto ( 320 mg/d ) . and IIEF-5 questionnaires , uroflowmetry , and evaluation of the psychological status were repeated at 16 weeks of follow-up . 16 weeks , a significant improvement in NIH-CPSI pain subscore , NIH-CPSI quality of life subscore , and NIH-CPSI total score were observed in group 1 patients compared with those in group 2 ( P < .01 , respectively ) , together with a significant improvement in HAM-A and HAM-D scores ( P < .01 , respectively ) . in group 2 showed a significant improvement in NIH-CPSI total score , in the urinary symptoms subscore , and in the HAM-A total score . significant differences were observed in IIEF-5 scores in the 2 groups . flow rate significantly increased in both groups . group 1 , 20 % of patients stopped the study due to adverse effects . use of duloxetine in a multimodal treatment with an - blocker medication and a saw palmetto extract allowed better results in controlling clinical symptoms , psychologic status and quality of life patients affected by CP/CPPS ."
2262,Abstract #2262,"vitamin D status can be corrected by vitamin D supplementation , but individual responses to supplementation vary . aimed to examine genetic and nongenetic determinants of change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25 ( OH ) D ) after supplementation . used data from a pilot randomized controlled trial in which 644 adults aged 60 to 84 years were randomly assigned to monthly doses of placebo , 30 000 IU , or 60 000 IU vitamin D3 for 12 months . characteristics were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire . single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in 41 candidate genes were genotyped using Sequenom MassArray technology . 25 ( OH ) D levels before and after the intervention were measured using the Diasorin Liaison platform immunoassay . used linear regression models to examine associations between genetic and nongenetic factors and change in serum 25 ( OH ) D levels . dose and baseline 25 ( OH ) D level explained 24 % of the variability in response to supplementation . mass index , self-reported health status , and ambient UV radiation made a small additional contribution . in CYP2R1 , IRF4 , MC1R , CYP27B1 , VDR , TYRP1 , MCM6 , and HERC2 were associated with change in 25 ( OH ) D level , although only CYP2R1 was significant after adjustment for multiple testing . including SNPs explained a similar proportion of variability in response to supplementation as models that included personal and environmental factors . regression analyses suggest that genetic variability may be associated with response to supplementation , perhaps suggesting that some people might need higher doses to reach optimal 25 ( OH ) D levels or that there is variability in the physiologically normal level of 25 ( OH ) D."
2263,Abstract #2263,"is a novel second-generation antipsychotic approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder in adults but there is no systematic data available in pediatric bipolar disorder . was an 8-week , open-label , prospective study of aripiprazole 9.4 + / -4.2 mg/day monotherapy to assess the efficacy and tolerability of this compound in treating pediatric bipolar disorder . included the Young Mania Rating Scale , Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale , and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale . events were assessed through spontaneous self-reports , vital signs weight monitoring , and laboratory analysis . of the 19 bipolar youth ( 79 % ) completed the study . treatment was associated with clinically and statistically significant improvement in mean Young Mania Rating Scale scores ( -18.0 + / -6.9 , P < .0001 ) . the important exception of two cases of extrapyramidal symptoms that precipitated dropout , aripiprazole was well tolerated with no statistically significant increase in body weight ( 1.8 + / -1.7 kg , P = .2 ) . aripiprazole treatment was beneficial in the treatment of mania in youth with bipolar disorder . placebo-controlled , double-blind studies are warranted ."
2264,Abstract #2264,"interactions with warfarin are common with potentially harmful consequences . in vitro studies suggest that fesoterodine or 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine are not likely to affect warfarin metabolism , but a lack of interaction has not been demonstrated in a clinical study . study shows that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin 25 mg in healthy adults are unaffected by fesoterodine 8 mg , and that co-administration of warfarin 25 mg and fesoterodine 8 mg is safe and well tolerated . confirm the lack of an interaction of fesoterodine 8 mg with warfarin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adults . this open-label , two-treatment , crossover study , subjects ( n = 14 ) aged 20-41 years with normal prothrombin time ( PT ) and International Normalized Ratio ( INR ) were randomized to receive a single dose of warfarin 25 mg alone in one period and fesoterodine 8 mg once daily on days 1-9 with a single dose of warfarin 25 mg co-administered on day 3 in the other period . was a 10-day washout between treatments . endpoints were area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity ( AUC ( 0 , ) ) , maximum plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) , AUC from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration ( AUC ( 0 , last ) ) , time to C ( max ) ( t ( max ) ) , and half-life ( t ( 1/2 ) ) for S - and R-warfarin . endpoints were area under the INR-time curve ( AUC ( INR ) ) , maximum INR ( INR ( max ) ) , area under the PT-time curve ( AUC ( PT ) ) and maximum PT ( PT ( max ) ) . all pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparisons , the point estimates of treatment ratio ( warfarin co-administered with fesoterodine vs. warfarin alone ) were 92-100 % . 90 % confidence intervals for the ratios of the adjusted geometric means were contained within ( 80 % , 125 % ) . were no clinically relevant changes in laboratory tests , vital signs or ECG recordings . pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin 25 mg in healthy adults are unaffected by fesoterodine 8 mg . administration of fesoterodine and warfarin was well tolerated ."
2265,Abstract #2265,"assess the effectiveness of providing information by post about managing minor illnesses . controlled trial . general practices . sample of 4002 patients from the practice registers . were randomised to receive one of three kinds of leaflet or booklet endorsed by their general practitioner : control ( surgery access times ) , booklet , or summary card . with the 42 minor illnesses listed in the booklet . usefulness of leaflets or booklets , confidence in managing illness , and willingness to wait before seeing the doctor . ( 6 % ) patients did not receive the intervention as allocated . the remaining 3764 patients , 2965 ( 79 % ) had notes available for review after one year . with the control group , fewer patients attended commonly with the minor illnesses in the booklet group ( > / = 2 consultations a year : odds ratio 0.81 , 95 % confidence interval 0.67 to 0.99 ) and the summary card group ( 0.83 ; 0.72 to 0.96 ) . patients who had attended with respiratory tract infections in the past year there was a reduction in those attending in the booklet group ( 0.81 ; 0.62 to 1.07 ) and summary card group ( 0.67 ; 0.51 to 0.89 ) compared with the control group . incidence of contacts with minor illness fell slightly compared with the previous year in the booklet ( incidence ratio 0.97 ; 0.84 to 1.13 ) and summary card groups ( 0.93 ; 0.80 to 1.07 ) . patients in the intervention groups felt greater confidence in managing illness ( booklet 32 % , card 34 % , control 12 % , P < 0.001 ) , but there was no difference in willingness to wait score ( all groups mean = 32 , P = 0.67 ) . patients find information about minor illness provided by post useful , and it helps their confidence in managing illness . may reduce the number attending commonly with minor illness , but the effect on overall contacts is likely to be modest . data suggest that posting detailed information booklets about minor illness to the general population would have a limited effect ."
2266,Abstract #2266,"optimum blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is difficult . primary care physicians ( PCPs ) delay the start of insulin use because of the uncertainty in intensifying insulin therapy . objective was to develop and validate a computer application ( CA ) that helps PCPs to make decisions about insulin therapy in order to achieve a significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) . was a cluster-randomized clinical trial . primary care centers ( PCCs ) in Madrid with 66 PCPs and 697 T2DM patients on insulin therapy were randomly divided into two groups of seven PCCs each . the intervention group , seven PCCs included 39 PCPs and 365 T2DM patients on insulin therapy . PCPs were free to use the CA . further seven PCCs were assigned to the control group with 27 PCPs and 332 T2DM patients on insulin therapy . control group did not use the CA . duration of the trial was 18 months to validate the CA . outcome was a change in HbA1c from baseline . the intervention group , the final HbA1c was 7.19 % ( standard deviation [ SD ] 0.93 ) , with a difference from the start of -0.69 % ( p = .001 ) . the control group , it was 7.71 % ( SD 1.37 ) , with a difference from the start of -0.09 % ( p not significant ) . CA helps to improve HbA1c figures of T2DM patients with insulin when it is used by PCPs to make decisions when starting , continuing , or changing insulin and its dosage ."
2267,Abstract #2267,"compare surgery ( S ) alone with combined radiotherapy and surgery ( R + S ) in the management of patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer . 1981 and 1994 , patients were stratified according to stage and randomised to either surgery ( S ) or 4000cGy of radiotherapy and surgery . were 102 patients in the S group and 99 in the R + S group who completed at least 3-year follow-up . Kaplan-Meier survival method showed no significant difference between the two groups . the patients were grouped according to tumour stage , a significant reduction in the regional recurrence was noted in the R + S group for stage I-III disease ( Cox multivariate analysis , P < 0.02 ) . had an increased relative risk of 1.8 ( 95 % confidence 1.1-2 .9 ) for neck recurrence . was no significant difference in neck recurrence rates in the two groups for stage IV disease . Cox proportional hazard model was used , only TNM stage ( P < 0.02 ) and histological nodal status ( positive lymph nodes , P < 0.01 ) were found to be independent risk factors for regional control . radiotherapy can improve regional cervical control of stage I-III supraglottic cancer as compared with surgery alone ."
2268,Abstract #2268,"study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of a fenofibrate/pravastatin 160/40 mg fixed-dose combination plus ezetimibe 10 mg triple therapy and simvastatin 20 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg dual therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes , mixed hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease . a 6-week run-in period on simvastatin 20 mg , 273 patients with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( non-HDL-C ) 100 mg/dl or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) 70 mg/dl were randomised to receive 12-week treatment with triple therapy or dual therapy , followed by a 12-week safety period during which all patients received the triple therapy . week 12 , similar significant decreases in non-HDL-C were observed with both treatments . triple therapy has induced a greater decrease in triglycerides ( between-treatment difference : -14.6 % , p = 0.007 ) and the dual therapy a greater decrease in LDL-C ( between-treatment difference : +5.3 % , p = 0.05 ) . treatments were generally well tolerated . fenofibrate/pravastatin plus ezetimibe therapy improves the global atherogenic lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia ."
2269,Abstract #2269,"compare induction of labor at gestational age 41 weeks with expectant management in regard to neonatal morbidity . aims were to assess the effect of these managements on mode of delivery and maternal complications . September 2002 and July 2004 , postterm women with singleton cephalic presentation and no prelabor rupture of membranes were randomly assigned to induction of labor at 289 days or antenatal fetal surveillance every third day until spontaneous labor . outcome measures were neonatal morbidity , operative delivery rates , and maternal complications . hundred eight women were randomly assigned , 254 in each group . differences of clinical importance were observed in women in whom labor was induced compared with women who were expectantly managed with regard to the following outcomes : neonates whose 5-minute Apgar score was less than 7 ( three neonates in the induction group compared with four in the monitoring group , P = .72 ) ; neonates whose umbilical cord pH was less than 7 ( three compared with two , P = .69 ) ; prevalence of cesarean delivery ( 28 compared with 33 , P = .50 ) ; or prevalence of operative vaginal delivery ( 32 compared with 27 , P = .49 ) . the induction group more women had precipitate labors ( 33 compared with 12 , P < .01 ; number needed to treat was 13 ) , and the duration of second stage of labor was more often less than 15 minutes ( 94 compared with 56 , P < .01 ; number needed to treat was 7 ) . differences were found between the induced and monitored groups regarding neonatal morbidity or mode of delivery , and the outcomes were generally good . , www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00385229 ."
2270,Abstract #2270,"assess the interobserver variation of confocal laser scanning tomographic measurements of the optic nerve head and to address the question of whether the addition of clinical optic disk photographs is helpful in outlining the optic disk margin and in reducing the observer-related variation of the measurements . disk variables for 16 eyes of 16 patients with glaucoma , generated by confocal laser scanning laser tomography ( Heidelberg Retina Tomograph ) , were independently evaluated by four experienced glaucoma specialists , and the interobserver variability was calculated . second separate review by the same observers included the use of clinical stereoscopic color optic nerve head photographs to aid definition of the optic disk margin . disk parameters with the smallest interobserver variation were cup shape measure , maximum cup depth , height variation contour , and mean height contour . intraobserver variation of these parameters did not increase when clinical optic disk slides were additionally available . with the highest interobserver variation were volume below surface , volume below reference , volume above surface , and volume above reference . observer variation of these optic disk parameters increased significantly for two of the four examiners when clinical optic disk slides were additionally available for outlining the optic disk margin . laser scanning tomography of the optic nerve head can be improved significantly if clinical optic disk photographs are additionally available to help in outlining the optic disk margin . interobserver variation in the tomographic optic disk measurements can be significant , even if experienced observer are involved , tomographic optic disk measurements may be centralized in reading centers in the case of multicenter studies ."
2271,Abstract #2271,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of tabalumab , a monoclonal antibody that neutralises membrane-bound and soluble B-cell activating factor ( BAFF ) , in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) who showed inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor ( TNF ) inhibitors . on stable methotrexate and with inadequate response to one or more TNF inhibitors were randomised to placebo ( n = 35 ) , 30 mg tabalumab ( n = 35 ) or 80 mg tabalumab ( n = 30 ) given intravenously at 0 , 3 and 6 weeks . primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving an American College of Rheumatology 50 % response ( ACR50 ) at week 16 ( all tabalumab-treated patients vs placebo ) . week 16 , no significant differences were observed in the combined tabalumab group versus placebo in ACR50 ( 12.7 % vs 2.9 % , p = 0.101 ) or ACR20 response rates ( 27.0 % vs 17.1 % , p = 0.198 ) . , significant differences between the combined tabalumab group and placebo were observed at earlier time points for ACR20 , ACR50 and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints ( DAS28 ) - C-reactive protein ( CRP ) reduction . adverse events ( AEs ) were similar with 30 mg tabalumab ( 65.7 % ) , 80 mg tabalumab ( 76.7 % ) and placebo ( 71.4 % ) , although certain events occurred more often with tabalumab than placebo ( eg , infection , anaemia and gastrointestinal events ) . AEs occurred in two ( 6.7 % ) patients receiving 80 mg tabalumab and three ( 8.6 % ) receiving placebo , with one serious infection in the placebo group . increases in total and mature B cells were followed by progressive decreases , despite declines in serum tabalumab . week 16 , the primary end point was not achieved , but an indication of efficacy was observed at earlier time points . findings for tabalumab were consistent with other biological RA therapies . ."
2272,Abstract #2272,"mechanism of the beneficial effects of exercise training on autonomic derangement and neurohumoral activation in chronic heart failure ( CHF ) is largely unexplained . our here-presented hypothesis-generating study we propose that part of these effects is mediated by the exercise-accompanying somatosensory nerve traffic . demonstrate this , we compared the effects of periodic electrical somatosensory stimulation in patients with CHF with the effects of exercise training and with usual care . a randomized controlled study we measured , in CHF patients , changes in blood pressure , baroreflex sensitivity ( BRS ) , neurohormones , exercise capacity and quality of life ( QOL ) in response to periodic somatosensory stimulation in the form of 2 Hz transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) at both feet , in response to conventional exercise training ( EXTR ) and , as control ( CTRL ) , in patients with usual care only . sizes were N = 31 ( TENS group ) , N = 25 ( EXTR group ) and N = 30 ( CTRL group ) , respectively . all improvements in BRS , neurohormone concentrations , exercise capacity and QOL in the TENS group were comparable to , or sometimes even better than in the EXTR group . improvements were not observed in the CTRL group . study demonstrates that periodic electrical somatosensory stimulation is as effective as exercise training in improving BRS , neurohormone concentrations , exercise capacity and QOL in CHF patients . results encourage exploration of exercise modalities that concentrate on rhythm rather than on effort , with the purpose to normalize autonomic derangement and neurohumoral activation in CHF ."
2273,Abstract #2273,"( PF-04360365 ) is a humanized anti-amyloid beta ( A ) monoclonal antibody designed for treatment of Alzheimer disease ( AD ) . single 2-hour intravenous infusion of 0.1 to 10 mg/kg was previously shown to be safe and well tolerated in subjects with mild to moderate AD , with measurable effects on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid A. phase I , dose-escalation , open-label study evaluated the safety , pharmacokinetics , and pharmacodynamics of a single 10-minute intravenous infusion . with mild to moderate AD received ponezumab 1 mg/kg ( n = 3 ) , 3 mg/kg ( n = 3 ) , 5 mg/kg ( n = 4 ) , or 10 mg/kg ( n = 5 ) . were followed up as outpatients for 6 months . subjects completed the trial . was safe and well tolerated with no deaths , withdrawals , or drug-related moderate , severe , or serious adverse events . drug-related adverse events included headache ( 3 patients ) and lethargy and hypoesthesia ( both in 1 patient ) . infusion reactions , clinically meaningful laboratory abnormalities , vital sign changes , electrocardiographic changes , or antidrug antibodies were detected . was no evidence of brain microhemorrhage , vasogenic edema , encephalitis , or other imaging abnormality . function showed no treatment-related trends . displayed approximately dose-proportional increases in plasma exposure . volume of distribution was 113 to 172 mL/kg , clearance was 2.7 to 3.0 mL/d/kg , and terminal half-life was 35 to 52 days . maximum observed concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time profile from time 0 extrapolated to infinite time of A ( 1-x ) and A ( 1-40 ) increased dose-dependently . of ponezumab as a 10-minute infusion was safe and well tolerated and produced effects on plasma A species comparable with a 2-hour infusion . infusions may provide more flexibility , comfort , and convenience for patients and caregivers ."
2274,Abstract #2274,"weaning from mechanical ventilation is often associated with fluid overload . natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) has been proposed as a tool for predicting and detecting weaning failure of cardiovascular origin . investigate whether fluid management guided by daily BNP plasma concentrations improves weaning outcomes compared with empirical therapy dictated by clinical acumen . a randomized controlled multicenter study , we allocated 304 patients to either a BNP-driven or physician-driven strategy of fluid management during ventilator weaning . standardize the weaning process , patients in both groups were ventilated with an automatic computer-driven weaning system . primary end point was time to successful extubation . the BNP-driven group , furosemide and acetazolamide were given more often and in higher doses than in the control group , resulting in a more negative median ( interquartile range ) fluid balance during weaning ( -2,320 [ -4,735 , 738 ] vs. -180 [ -2,556 , 2,832 ] ml ; P < 0.0001 ) . to successful extubation was significantly shorter with the BNP-driven strategy ( 58.6 [ 23.3 , 139.8 ] vs. 42.4 [ 20.8 , 107.5 ] h ; P = 0.034 ) . BNP-driven strategy increased the number of ventilator-free days but did not change length of stay or mortality . effect on weaning time was strongest in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction . two strategies did not differ significantly regarding electrolyte imbalance , renal failure , or shock . results suggest that a BNP-driven fluid management strategy decreases the duration of weaning without increasing adverse events , especially in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction . trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT00473148 ) ."
2275,Abstract #2275,"elevated homocysteine level is reported to be a risk factor for several diseases , including Alzheimer 's and cerebrovascular disease . , several studies have reported that homocysteine levels are elevated in many schizophrenic patients . levels can be lowered by oral folic acid , B-12 , and pyridoxine . schizophrenic patients with plasma homocysteine levels > 15 micromol/L were treated with these vitamins for 3 months and placebo for 3 months in a study with a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover design . levels declined with vitamin therapy compared with placebo in all patients except for one noncompliant subject . symptoms of schizophrenia as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale declined significantly with active treatment compared with placebo . test results overall , and Wisconsin Card Sort ( Categories Completed ) test results in particular , were significantly better after vitamin treatment than after placebo . subgroup of schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia might benefit from the simple addition of B vitamins ."
2276,Abstract #2276,"human forearm biopsy model can evaluate the effect of novel agents on acute wounds . subgallate/borneol ( Suile ) is a new product cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for treating partial-thickness wounds . reports suggest that Suile may be effective for full-thickness wounds because of its antimicrobial and hemostatic properties . a randomized , investigator-blinded study , 20 normal healthy volunteers underwent 2 6-mm full-thickness skin punch biopsies on the flexor surface of each forearm ( 2 wounds per subject ) . were randomly assigned to control ( bacitracin ) and test article ( Suile ) . were examined , measured by digital planimetry , and photographed daily until healed . events and pain levels were monitored . closure was determined . quantitative and qualitative comparisons of wound healing were made . Suile group trended strongly toward more rapid healing ( log-rank analysis ) . subject arm analysis identified which biopsies healed first . biopsies healed more rapidly ( P = .03 , paired t-test ) . this study was powered to demonstrate equivalence , convincing evidence indicates that Suile is superior to bacitracin in this model . on the results , future studies in full-thickness wounds with Suile are warranted . biopsy model provides these advantages : direct comparison within subjects , rapid study completion , good patient compliance , and experience with products before embarking on larger clinical trials in wounds ."
2277,Abstract #2277,"is a common operation performed in children and young adults . and post-operation haemorrhage are its most common complications . study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of topical antibiotics in reducing throat pain after tonsillectomy in adult patients . double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomised clinical trial was conducted , enrolling 30 patients older than 18 years who were scheduled to undergo tonsillectomy . were randomly assigned to receive either clindamycin or normal saline ( as placebo ) . pain severity was evaluated using a visual analogue scale . patients in both groups had experienced a reduction in pain by the seventh day after surgery . was no statistically significant difference in the extent of visual analogue scale pain score reduction , comparing the placebo and clindamycin groups throughout the study course ( p = 0.424 ) . clindamycin was not demonstrated to be more effective than normal saline in the reduction of throat pain following tonsillectomy in adults ."
2278,Abstract #2278,"aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of unstable shoes in reducing low back pain in health professionals . a volunteer sample of 144 participants , 40 with nonspecific chronic low back pain were eligible and enrolled in this study . were randomized to an intervention group , who wore unstable shoes ( model MBT Fora ) , or a control group , who wore conventional sports shoes ( model Adidas Bigroar ) . participants had to wear the study shoes during their work hours , and at least 6 hours per workday , over a period of 6 weeks . primary outcome was low back pain assessed on a Visual Analog Scale . secondary outcomes were patient satisfaction , disability evaluated using Roland-Morris questionnaire and quality of life evaluated using EQ-VAS . intervention group showed a significant decrease in pain scores compared to the control group . rate of satisfaction was higher in the intervention group ( 79 % ) compared to the control group ( 25 % ) . was no significant difference for the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire score and the EQ-VAS scale . results of this clinical trial suggest that wearing unstable shoes for 6 weeks significantly decreases low back pain in patients suffering from chronic low back pain but had no significant effect on quality of life and disability scores ."
2279,Abstract #2279,"studies have reported that patients who present with idiopathic deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) have an increased risk of subsequently developing cancer . clinical trial had previously been conducted examining the optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy following initial heparin treatment in patients with proximal DVT . historical cohort study was performed on patients enrolled in the duration of anticoagulant trial . known to have cancer at the time of entry into the trial were excluded . qualifying DVTs were classified as idiopathic ( no known associated risk factors ) or secondary without knowledge of subsequent recurrent venous thrombosis or cancer . patients were then followed for the development of cancer . ( 8.6 % ) of the 152 patients in the idiopathic cohort subsequently developed cancer compared to eight ( 7.1 % ) of 112 patients in the secondary cohort , P = 0.86 . ( 5.4 % ) of 37 patients with recurrent venous thromboembolism and 19 ( 8.4 % ) of 227 patients without recurrent thromboembolism developed cancer , P = 0.7 . study did not detect an increased risk of subsequent cancer in patients presenting with idiopathic DVT compared to secondary DVT ; nor did we detect an increased incidence of cancer in patients with recurrent venous thromboembolism . studies are required prior to pursuing a policy of aggressive screening for cancer in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism ."
2280,Abstract #2280,"compare the safety and efficacy of ofloxacin otic solution with those of Cortisporin otic solutions ( neomycin sulfate , polymyxin B sulfate , and hydrocortisone ) in otitis externa in adults and children . randomized , evaluator-blind , multicenter trials , 1 each in children and adults . primary care and referral ambulatory care sites per trial . total of 314 adults ( 12 years and older ) and 287 children ( younger than 12 years ) . the total , data for 247 adults and 227 children were considered clinically evaluable ( CE ) , and those for 98 children and 98 adults were microbiologically evaluable ( ME ) . ( adults , 0.5 mL ; children , 0.25 mL ) twice daily or Cortisporin ( adults , 0.2 mL ; children , 0.15 mL ) 4 times daily for 10 days . CE subjects were cured if all signs and symptoms resolved at posttherapy ( days 11-13 ) and test-of-cure ( days 17-20 ) visits . ME subjects had microbiological and clinical successes if they were cured and had microbiological eradication or presumed eradication . was observed in 82 % and 97 % of CE adults and children treated with ofloxacin and 84 % and 95 % of CE adults and children treated with Cortisporin , respectively . most common pathogens at the pretherapy visit were Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and enteric bacilli . were no statistically significant differences in clinical or microbiological and clinical cure or in the rates of adverse events between treatment groups . given twice daily is as safe and effective as Cortisporin given 4 times daily for otitis externa . bacteriological findings and treatment responses do not differ between adults and children ."
2281,Abstract #2281,"top of aspirin , an abciximab bolus-only regimen results in a 30 % drop in platelet inhibition at 6 h as compared with the on-label regimen . concomitant administration of high loading dose clopidogrel , by bridging with abciximab bolus , may sustain suppression of platelet activity over time . investigate the non-inferiority of abciximab bolus-only and concomitant high loading dose clopidogrel vs. abciximab bolus + infusion with respect to the inhibition of platelet aggregation ( IPA ) as determined by light transmission aggregometry . patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes underwent double-blind randomization to abciximab bolus followed by a 12-h placebo infusion and concomitant 600-mg clopidogrel vs. abciximab bolus + a 12-h infusion and 300 mg of clopidogrel . was determined by light transmission aggregometry throughout 24 h. Clopidogrel poor responsiveness was defined as 50 % 5 mol L ADP-induced maximum platelet aggregation . clopidogrel responders ( n = 68 ) , IPA after 20 mol L ADP at 4 h was 89 % 13 % in the bolus-only arm vs. 92 % 14 % in the bolus + infusion arm ( P = 0.011 for non-inferiority ) . after 5 or 20 mol L ADP and 5 or 15 mol L TRAP and the proportion of patients showing 80 % IPA did not differ at any time point , irrespective of clopidogrel responsiveness status . outcomes were similar , whereas hemoglobin ( 0.91 0.8 vs. 0.5 0.7 g dL ; P = 0.01 ) and platelet count mean drop ( 41.7 57 vs. 18.6 34 10 L ; P = 0.042 ) were significantly reduced in the bolus-only arm . abciximab post-bolus infusion in patients receiving high loading dose clopidogrel does not impair platelet inhibition throughout 24 h , and has the potential to improve the safety profile of the drug at reduced costs ."
2282,Abstract #2282,"ischemia in stable coronary disease peaks in the morning , reflecting increased myocardial oxygen demand and coronary vasomotor tone after walking . acute coronary syndromes , however , ischemia may result from transient thrombus formation or coronary spasm at the site of a ruptured plaque . report on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying transient ischemia in acute coronary syndromes despite optimal therapy , on the basis of analysis of heart rate changes preceding ischemia and its circadian variation . hundred fifty-six patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction underwent continuous ST-segment monitoring for 48 hours while receiving maximal medical therapy . ischemic episodes were characterized by their timing , duration , association with pain , and heart rate changes before the onset of ischemia . 10,629 hours of monitoring , 44 patients ( 17.2 % ) had 176 episodes of transient ischemia . mean heart rate at onset of ischemia was 68 + / - 12.8 bpm , and > 55 % of ischemic episodes were not preceded by a significant increase in heart rate . activity had a single nocturnal peak , with 64 % of all episodes occurring between 10 PM and 8 AM , this nocturnal preponderance being evident for episodes with or without a preceding increase in heart rate . characteristics and timing of transient ischemia were similar in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction , but transient ischemia was more frequent ( 27.3 % versus 15.1 % ; P < .05 ) and prolonged ( median , 20 versus 13.5 minutes ; P < .01 ) in non-Q-wave myocardial infarction . acute coronary syndromes , transient ischemia has a low threshold , occurs predominantly without an increase in myocardial oxygen demand , and is present mainly at night rather than in the morning . findings in patients receiving maximal medical therapy suggest significant pathophysiological differences underlying transient ischemia compared with stable coronary disease ."
2283,Abstract #2283,"detect possible autonomic changes due to home orthostatic training ( HOT ) and to assess the feasibility of a larger , placebo-controlled study of HOT in vasovagal syncope ( VVS ) . consecutive patients , aged 18-85 , diagnosed with VVS following a positive head-up tilt-table test were randomized to 40 min of HOT ( n = 12 ) or 10 min of sham training ( n = 10 ) daily for 6 months . sensitivity ( BRS ) and heart rate variability ( HRV ) were measured at weeks 0 , 1 , 4 , and 24 . response was assessed by event diaries . orthostatic training resulted in increases in up and down slope BRS at week 4 ( e ( log difference ) = 1.59 , 95 % CI = 0.84-3 .03 and 1.79 , 95 % CI = 1.00-3 .22 ) and week 24 ( e ( log difference ) = 1.75 , 95 % CI = 1.01-3 .06 and 1.53 , 95 % CI = 0.66-2 .68 ) compared with placebo . improvements in low - and high-frequency HRV were also observed in the HOT group compared with placebo at week 4 ( e ( log difference ) = 3.22 , 95 % CI = 1.06-9 .86 and 3.19 , 95 % CI = 1.03-10 .59 ) and week 24 ( e ( log difference ) = 2.11 , 95 % CI = 0.72-6 .17 and 2.13 , 95 % CI = 0.52-8 .79 ) . percentage of HOT subjects and 20 % of control subjects were syncope-free at 6 months . was the first placebo-controlled study in orthostatic training which has demonstrated that such a study is indeed feasible . enhancement in overall autonomic tone is observed with HOT in tandem with a non-significant trend in symptom improvement . larger , adequately powered , randomized controlled trial of tilt-training is now needed ."
2284,Abstract #2284,"subcutaneous injection insulin glargine is rapidly metabolized to M1 and M2 . vitro , both M1 and M2 have metabolic effects and bind to IGF-1R similarly to human insulin , whereas glargine exhibits a higher affinity for the IGF-1R and greater mitogenetic effects . present study was specifically designed to establish the dose-response metabolism of glargine over 24 h following s.c. injection in T2DM subjects on long-term use of glargine . subjects with T2DM were studied during 24 h after s.c. injection of 0.4 ( therapeutic ) and 0.8 ( high dose ) U/kg of glargine on two separate occasions during euglycaemic clamps ( cross-over design ) . , M1 and M2 over 24 h period were determined in appropriately processed plasma samples by a specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay . M1 concentration ( AUC0-24 h ) was detected in all subjects and increased by increasing the glargine dose from therapeutic to high dose ( p = 0.008 ) . was detectable in 6 ( therapeutic dose ) and 9 ( high dose ) out of the 10 subjects and also increased by increasing the dose ( p = 0.031 ) . , glargine concentration ( AUC0-24 h -- high dose ) represented at most only 9.7 % ( 4.6-15 % ) of the total amount of insulin measured in the blood . was not detected at all . T2DM people on long-term use of insulin glargine , even with higher doses ( 0.8 U/kg ) , glargine is nearly totally metabolized to the active metabolite M1 . is often detectable in plasma , but its concentration remains well below that needed in vitro to potentiate IGF-1R binding and mitogenesis ."
2285,Abstract #2285,"competence may be an important factor in determining clinical outcome in psychological therapies . , there are few published studies of therapist competence v. patient outcome from randomized controlled trials . tested the hypothesis that higher levels of therapist competence would lead to better clinical outcomes in both patient - and observer-rated measures at 6 - and 12-month follow-up . random sample of 49 audiotapes of manual assisted cognitive therapy sessions delivered by 21 therapists involved in the Prevention of Parasuicide by Manual Assisted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy trial was rated to assess the level of therapist competence . outcome was assessed using self and observer ratings of depressive and anxiety symptoms , social functioning , global functioning and number of episodes of deliberate self-harm . 6-month follow-up , there was a statistically significant association between therapist level of competence and observer-rated depression only . 12-month follow-up , significant associations were noted between therapist competence and all observer-rated clinical outcomes but not for self-rated outcome measures . , there was no association between therapist competence and the number of self-harm episodes during follow-up . treated by therapists rated as more competent than other therapists who received equivalent brief training , patients with recurrent self-harm show significant clinical improvements . , this benefit is not identified across all outcome measures and is not fully apparent until 12-month follow-up ."
2286,Abstract #2286,"proliferation and apoptosis ( cell death ) are highly regulated in the colon as insufficient apoptosis may lead to polyps and cancer . activity decreases risk of colon cancer in observational studies , but the biological basis is not well defined . objective of this study is to examine the effects of a 12-month aerobic exercise program on expression of proteins that promote ( Bax ) or inhibit ( Bcl-2 ) apoptosis in colon crypts . hundred two sedentary participants , 40 to 75 years , were randomly assigned to moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise for 60 min per day , 6 days per week for 12 months , or usual lifestyle . crypt samples were obtained at baseline and 12 months . and Bax expression was measured by immunohistochemistry . density at the bottom of crypts increased in male exercisers versus controls ( +0.87 versus -0.18 ; P = 0.05 ) , whereas the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax at the bottom and middle of crypts decreased as aerobic fitness ( VO ( 2 ) max ) increased ( P trend = 0.02 and 0.05 , respectively ) . female exercisers , Bax density in the middle of crypts decreased ( -0.36 versus +0.69 ; P = 0.03 ) and Bcl-2 to Bax ratio at the top of crypts increased versus controls ( +0.46 versus -0.85 ; P = 0.03 ) . density in the middle of crypts also decreased as minutes per week of exercise increased ( P trend = 0.03 ) . 12-month exercise intervention resulted in greater expression of proteins that promote apoptosis at the bottom of colon crypts in men and decreased expression of proteins that promote apoptosis at the middle and top of colon crypts in women . difference in effect by gender and location of observed changes warrants further study ."
2287,Abstract #2287,"commensal intestinal microbiota drive the inflammation associated with Crohn 's disease . , bacteria such as bifidobacteria and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii appear to be immunoregulatory . healthy subjects the intestinal microbiota are influenced by prebiotic carbohydrates such as fructo-oligosaccharides ( FOS ) . data suggest that FOS increase faecal bifidobacteria , induce immunoregulatory dendritic cell ( DC ) responses and reduce disease activity in patients with Crohn 's disease . assess the impact of FOS in patients with active Crohn 's disease using an adequately powered randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with predefined clinical , microbiological and immunological end points . with active Crohn 's disease were randomised to 15 g/day FOS or non-prebiotic placebo for 4 weeks . primary end point was clinical response at week 4 ( fall in Crohn 's Disease Activity Index of 70 points ) in the intention-to-treat ( ITT ) population . patients were randomised to receive FOS ( n = 54 ) or placebo ( n = 49 ) . patients receiving FOS ( 14 ( 26 % ) vs 4 ( 8 % ) ; p = 0.018 ) withdrew before the 4-week end point . was no significant difference in the number of patients achieving a clinical response between the FOS and placebo groups in the ITT analysis ( 12 ( 22 % ) vs 19 ( 39 % ) , p = 0.067 ) . receiving FOS had reduced proportions of interleukin ( IL ) -6 - positive lamina propria DC and increased DC staining of IL-10 ( p < 0.05 ) but no change in IL-12p40 production . were no significant differences in the faecal concentration of bifidobacteria and F prausnitzii between the groups at baseline or after the 4-week intervention . adequately powered placebo-controlled trial of FOS showed no clinical benefit in patients with active Crohn 's disease , despite impacting on DC function . ."
2288,Abstract #2288,"evaluate the efficacy of a practical , easily implemented , educational intervention in group format for informal carers of persons with dementia . , randomised , controlled , single-blind trial involving 292 family caregivers of patients with moderate dementia in Alzheimer 's disease . valued program components which had a practical impact on their caring role . intervention achieved minor effects on the participants ' psychological quality of life and did not reduce carer depression . was also not associated with a lower rate of patient nursing home admissions . subgroup analysis suggested that the intervention actually promoted the decision for nursing home placement in caregivers who were over-burdened and not coping well when they entered the study . improve dementia carer support , educational components might be intergrated into more comprehensive and individualised interventions which include problem solving and behavioural management strategies , ensure the transfer of newly acquired skills into the everyday context , and adequately deal with the emotional consequences of the caring role ."
2289,Abstract #2289,"evaluate the safety and efficacy of a hydrodynamic thrombectomy system in a prospective , multicenter randomized comparison with pulse-spray thrombolysis in hemodialysis grafts . centers enrolled 120 adult patients with recently ( < / = 14 days ) thrombosed hemodialysis grafts . venography was used to confirm occlusion in 62 patients randomly assigned to thrombectomy and 58 to thrombolysis . thrombolysis , a mixture of 5,000 U of heparin and 250,000 U of urokinase was distributed throughout the thrombus , first to the venous then to the arterial graft end . thrombectomy , the catheter was passed in the same sequence . success was removal of 80 % or more of thrombus . success was technical success plus the ability to dialyze . assessed were total procedure time , thrombus treatment time , procedure-related blood loss , other complications , and 30 - and 90-day outcomes . demographics were comparable . success rates were 95 % ( 59 of 62 ) for thrombectomy and 90 % ( 52 of 58 ) for thrombolysis ( P : = .31 ) . success rates were 89 % ( 55 of 62 ) and 81 % ( 47 of 58 ) , respectively ( P : = .24 ) . 30 days , 69 % ( 43 of 62 ) and 66 % ( 38 of 58 ) , respectively , could be dialyzed through the graft ( P : = .70 ) ; at 90 days , the rates were 40 % ( 25 of 62 ) and 41 % ( 24 of 58 ) , respectively ( P : = .91 ) . of these differences or those for procedure-related blood loss and early and late complications were statistically significant . treatment times of 16.8 minutes for thrombectomy and 23.4 minutes for thrombolysis were significantly different ( P : < .01 ) . hydrodynamic thrombectomy system is at least as efficacious and safe as pulse-spray thrombolysis but shortens thrombus treatment time ."
2290,Abstract #2290,"present the final results of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Study . with bilateral high-risk prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ) ( n = 317 ) had one eye randomized to early retinal ablative treatment and the fellow eye managed conventionally ( control eye ) . asymmetric cases ( n = 84 ) , the eye with high-risk prethreshold ROP was randomized to early or to conventional management . risk was determined using a model based on the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity natural history cohort . primary outcome was visual acuity assessed by masked testers using the Teller acuity card procedure . examinations were performed at 6 and 9 months . acuity results showed a reduction in unfavorable visual acuity outcomes with earlier treatment , from 19.8 % to 14.3 % ( P < .005 ) . structural outcomes were reduced from 15.6 % to 9.0 % ( P < .001 ) at 9 months . analysis supported retinal ablative therapy for eyes with type I ROP , defined as zone I , any stage ROP with plus disease ; zone I , stage 3 ROP without plus disease ; or zone II , stage 2 or 3 with plus disease . analysis supported a `` wait and watch '' approach to type II ROP , defined as zone I , stage 1 and 2 without plus disease , or zone II , stage 3 without plus disease . eyes should be considered for treatment only if they progress to type I ROP or threshold . treatment of high-risk prethreshold ROP significantly reduced unfavorable outcomes in both primary and secondary ( structural ) measures ."
2291,Abstract #2291,"heart failure ( HF ) risk prediction models do not consider how individual patient assessments occur in incremental steps ; furthermore , each additional diagnostic evaluation may add cost , complexity , and potential morbidity . a cohort of well-treated ambulatory HF patients with reduced ejection fraction who had complete clinical , laboratory , health-related quality of life , imaging , and exercise testing data , we estimated incremental prognostic information provided by 5 assessment categories , performing an additional analysis on those with available N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) levels . compared the incremental value of each additional assessment ( quality of life screen , laboratory testing , echocardiography , and exercise testing ) to baseline clinical assessment for predicting clinical outcomes ( all-cause mortality , all-cause mortality/hospitalization , and cardiovascular death/HF hospitalizations ) , gauging incremental improvements in prognostic ability with more information using area under the curve and reclassification improvement ( net reclassification index ) , with and without NT-proBNP availability . 2331 participants , 1631 patients had complete clinical data ; of these , 1023 had baseline NT-proBNP . prediction of all-cause mortality , models with incremental assessments sans NT-proBNP showed improvements in C-indices ( 0.72 [ clinical model alone ] -0.77 [ complete model ] ) . with baseline clinical assessment alone , net reclassification index improved from 0.035 ( w/laboratory data ) to 0.085 ( complete model ) . improvements were significantly attenuated for models in the subset with measured NT-proBNP data ( c-indices : 0.80 [ w/laboratory data ] -0.81 [ full model ] ) ; net reclassification index improvements were similarly marginal ( 0.0910.096 ) ; prediction of other clinical outcomes had similar findings . chronic HF patients with reduced ejection fraction , the marginal benefit of complex prognostic evaluations should be weighed against potential patient discomfort and cost escalation . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00047437 ."
2292,Abstract #2292,"study evaluated the use of a modified Delphi technique in combination with a previously developed alcohol advertising rating procedure to detect content violations in the U.S. Beer Institute Code . related aim was to estimate the minimum number of raters needed to obtain reliable evaluations of code violations in television commercials . alcohol ads selected for their likelihood of having code violations were rated by community and expert participants ( N = 286 ) . rating scales were used to measure the content of alcohol advertisements based on alcohol industry self-regulatory guidelines . community group participants represented vulnerability characteristics that industry codes were designed to protect ( e.g. , age < 21 ) ; experts represented various health-related professions , including public health , human development , alcohol research , and mental health . ads were rated on 2 occasions separated by 1 month . completing Time 1 ratings , participants were randomized to receive feedback from 1 group or the other . indicate that ( i ) ratings at Time 2 had generally reduced variance , suggesting greater consensus after feedback , ( ii ) feedback from the expert group was more influential than that of the community group in developing group consensus , ( iii ) the expert group found significantly fewer violations than the community group , ( iv ) experts representing different professional backgrounds did not differ among themselves in the number of violations identified , and ( v ) a rating panel composed of at least 15 raters is sufficient to obtain reliable estimates of code violations . Delphi technique facilitates consensus development around code violations in alcohol ad content and may enhance the ability of regulatory agencies to monitor the content of alcoholic beverage advertising when combined with psychometric-based rating procedures ."
2293,Abstract #2293,"goal was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of methotrexate in doses of 50 mg/m2 and 60 mg/m2 in regimens for early abortion . randomized controlled trial was performed in women requesting an abortion at < or = 49 days ' gestation . women were treated with intramuscular methotrexate 50 mg/m2 ( group 1 ) or 60 mg/m2 ( group 2 ) . levels were determined serially for the first 24 hours , then every 24 hours for 7 days . the seventh day misoprostol 800 microg was administered vaginally . misoprostol dose was repeated 24 hours later if abortion did not occur . abortion occurred in 9 of 10 ( 90 % , 95 % confidence interval 56 % to 100 % ) patients in group 1 and all 10 ( 100 % , 95 % confidence interval 69 % to 100 % ; p = 0.99 ) in group 2 . levels peaked within 1 to 2 hours and were nondetectable within 48 hours in all patients in group 1 and 72 hours in group 2 . the maximum concentration of methotrexate and the area under the curve were significantly greater for group 2 . clearance rates were 7.89 + / - 1.98 L/hr and 5.55 + / - 0.83 L/hr ( p = 0.003 ) , respectively . serum levels of intramuscular methotrexate with 50 mg/m2 and 60 mg/m2 regimens indicate that these are safe treatment doses . 50 mg/m2 intramuscularly has the same clearance rates when administered during pregnancy as in a nonpregnant state , and maximum concentrations do not reach sustained toxic levels ."
2294,Abstract #2294,"livestock vaccination is effective in preventing Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) epidemics , there are concerns about safety and effectiveness of the only commercially available RVF Smithburn vaccine . conducted a randomized controlled field trial to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the new RVF Clone 13 vaccine , recently registered in South Africa . a blinded randomized controlled field trial , 404 animals ( 85 cattle , 168 sheep , and 151 goats ) in three farms in Kenya were divided into three groups . A included males and non-pregnant females that were randomized and assigned to two groups ; one vaccinated with RVF Clone 13 and the other given placebo . B included animals in 1st half of pregnancy , and group C animals in 2nd half of pregnancy , which were also randomized and either vaccinated and given placebo . were monitored for one year and virus antibodies titers assessed on days 14 , 28 , 56 , 183 and 365 . vaccinated goats ( N = 72 ) , 72 % developed anti-RVF virus IgM antibodies and 97 % neutralizing IgG antibodies . vaccinated sheep ( N = 77 ) , 84 % developed IgM and 91 % neutralizing IgG antibodies . cattle ( N = 42 ) did not develop IgM antibodies but 67 % developed neutralizing IgG antibodies . day 14 post-vaccination , the odds of being seropositive for IgG in the vaccine group was 3.6 ( 95 % CI , 1.5 - 9.2 ) in cattle , 90.0 ( 95 % CI , 25.1 - 579.2 ) in goats , and 40.0 ( 95 % CI , 16.5 - 110.5 ) in sheep . was observed in one vaccinated goat but histopathologic analysis did not indicate RVF virus infection . was no evidence of teratogenicity in vaccinated or placebo animals . results suggest RVF Clone 13 vaccine is safe to use and has high ( > 90 % ) immunogenicity in sheep and goats but moderate ( > 65 % ) immunogenicity in cattle ."
2295,Abstract #2295,"this prospective , randomized , double-blind study , we compared the effectiveness and time efficiency of perioperative axillary blocks performed via 2 different techniques , 1 involving 2 and the other 4 separate skin punctures . hundred twenty patients undergoing upper limb surgery were randomized to receive either ( 1 ) an axillary brachial plexus block involving 2 injections , with 30 mL local anesthetic injected posterior to the axillary artery ( with redirection , as needed , to achieve circumferential spread ) , plus 10 mL local anesthetic to the musculocutaneous nerve , guided by ultrasound ( group 1 , n = 56 ) ; or ( 2 ) 4 separate 10-mL injections to the median , ulnar , radial , and musculocutaneous nerves , using a combined ultrasound and neurostimulation technique ( group 2 , n = 58 ) . patients received 40 mL of 0.5 % ropivacaine with 1:400,000 epinephrine . primary outcome was the success rate of the block , defined as anesthesia adequate for surgery . outcomes were the time to administer the block , time to the onset of motor-sensory block , time to surgical readiness , and incidence of adverse events . 2-injection technique was slightly faster to administer ( 8 vs 11 minutes , P = 0.003 ) . mean nerve block score was slightly higher for the 4-injection group at the 10 - , 15 - , 20 - , and 30-minute time points , but the cumulative percentages of blocks having taken effect were not significantly different over these time points , at 0.0 % , 5.4 % , 12.5 % , and 37.5 % among those who had received a 2-injection block versus 6.9 % , 10.4 % , 19.0 % , and 48.3 % , respectively , with the 4-injection block ( P = 0.20 ) . was no difference in the percentage of patients with complete block by 30 minutes ( 32.1 % vs 37.5 % , P = 0.55 ) or in final block success rates ( 89.3 % vs 87.9 % , P = 0.99 ) . ultrasound-guided 2-injection axillary block may be as effective as , and more time efficient than , a 4-injection technique ."
2296,Abstract #2296,"is used clinically as a treatment for smoking cessation , but the processes by which it reduces smoking are poorly understood . shares some neurochemical actions and behavioral effects with the psychostimulant amphetamine , and it has been shown that amphetamine increases smoking when administered acutely . effects of single doses of bupropion on smoking have not been studied but , based on its similarities to amphetamine , we postulated that acute bupropion would also increase smoking . measure the effects of single doses of amphetamine and bupropion on smoking and craving for cigarettes in smokers . smokers who were not trying to quit participated in a three-session study in which they received placebo and a single dose of either d-amphetamine sulfate ( 10 and 20 mg ; n = 10 ) or bupropion hydrochloride ( 150 and 300 mg ; n = 12 ) after overnight abstinence . three outcome measures were : i ) subjective and behavioral effects of amphetamine and bupropion after a period of acute abstinence , ii ) effects of amphetamine and bupropion on subjective responses to a single , smoked cigarette , and iii ) effects of the drugs on number of cigarettes smoked during an ad libitum smoking period . the acute abstinence and before smoking , both amphetamine and bupropion increased self-reported mood and euphoria , but did not change ratings of craving or withdrawal . subjects smoked a single smoked cigarette , they reported that bupropion reduced ratings of `` buzzed '' and `` intensity '' . the period of ad libitum smoking both amphetamine and bupropion increased the number of cigarettes smoked . doses of both bupropion and amphetamine increase smoking in non-treatment-seeking smokers without altering ratings of craving or withdrawal . reduced some of the sensory responses to the smoked cigarette . remains to be determined why bupropion increases smoking when administered acutely under controlled conditions , while it helps to reduce smoking in patients trying to quit ."
2297,Abstract #2297,"CIBIS III , initiating chronic heart failure ( CHF ) treatment with bisoprolol ( target dose 10mg q.d. ) followed by combination therapy with enalapril ( target dose 10mg b.i.d. ) , compared to the opposite order , showed similar effects on survival and hospitalization . echocardiography , we evaluated the effects of these treatment strategies on cardiac structure and function . a single-centre substudy , we compared the impact on left ventricular ( LV ) dimensions and ejection fraction ( EF ) of treatment with bisoprolol-first ( n = 21 ) and enalapril-first ( n = 19 ) in 40 beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor naive patients , with stable , mild or moderate CHF ( NYHA II-III ) and LVEF 35 % . was performed at baseline , after the 6-month monotherapy phase and after 12months , i.e. after 6months combination therapy . characteristics were similar across treatment groups . 6months LVEF increased by 5.14.0 EF - % ( P < 0.0001 ) with Bisoprolol and 4.04.0 EF - % ( P = 0.0005 ) , with enalapril ( between-group P = 0.47 ) . end-diastolic volume ( LVEDV ) decreased by 8.14.7 ml ( P < 0.0001 ) with bisoprolol and by 4.68.2 ml ( P = 0.03 ) with enalapril ( between-group P = 0.16 ) . wall thickness ( WT ) decreased by 0.310.43 mm ( P = 0.004 ) with bisoprolol and by 0.180.48 mm ( P = 0.11 ) with enalapril ( between-group P = 0.29 ) . baseline to 12months , LVEF increased by 7.54.0 EF - % ( P < 0.0001 ) in Bisoprolol first group and 6.04.6 EF - % ( P < 0.0001 ) , in the enalapril first group ( between-group P = 0.31 ) . decreased by 12.96.3 ml ( P < 0.0001 ) with bisoprolol-first and by 7.97.7 ml ( P = 0.0006 ) with enalapril-first ( between-group P = 0.16 ) and WT decreased by 0.380.44 mm ( P = 0.0008 ) and 0.590.54 mm ( P = 0.0004 ) , respectively ( between-group P = 0.10 ) . both monotherapy and combined therapy , bisoprolol-first and enalapril-first similarly reversed cardiac remodelling and improved LVEF ."
2298,Abstract #2298,"objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of bromocriptine treatment for patients with antipsychotic-drug-induced hyperprolactinemia in clinical practice . was an 8-week randomized , single-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter study . female schizophrenia patients were enrolled and were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups : bromocriptine 2.5 mg/day , 5 mg/day , 10 mg/day , and placebo . levels of prolactin , estradiol ( E2 ) , luteinizing hormone ( LH ) , and follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) were evaluated on three occasions ( baseline , and 4 and 8 weeks after commencement of the treatment paradigm ) . symptoms ( EPS ) and clinical symptoms were assessed using the Simpson-Angus scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) , respectively . the 60 subjects who were enrolled , 48 completed the study ( n = 14 , 13 , 11 , and 10 in the bromocriptine 2.5 mg/day , 5 mg/day , and 10 mg/day , and placebo groups , respectively ) . patients in the 10-mg/day group , two in the 5-mg/day group , and one in the placebo group resumed menses during the study . mean level of prolactin significantly decreased from baseline to week 4 , and then plateaued , showing no significant change for the remaining 4 weeks of the study . significant changes in LH , FSH , or E2 levels were observed throughout the 8-week study period , either within or between groups . of bromocriptine is a safe method for treating antipsychotic-drug-induced hyperprolactinemia without exacerbating either psychotic symptoms or EPS ."
2299,Abstract #2299,"prospective randomized clinical trial was designed to compare the efficacy of a low-dose regimen of cisplatin , doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide alternated with vinblastine and bleomycin ( CISCA/VB ) with the original CISCA/VB regimen in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors ( NSGCT ) and a predicted favorable outcome . hundred and twenty-five patients with disseminated NSGCT and a predicted favorable outcome according to the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center classification [ testicular primary and human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ) serum level < 50000 mIU/ml ] were randomized to receive the original CISCA/VB regimen ( 100 % dose ) or a low-dose CISCA/VB regimen ( 80 % dose ) . the 124 eligible patients , there was no significant difference in the number of patients in the two treatment arms who achieved a complete response to therapy : 53 of 65 patients ( 82 % ) on the original CISCA/VB regimen and 53 of 59 patients ( 90 % ) on the low-dose CISCA/VB regimen ( P = 0.29 ) . , the original CISCA/VB regimen resulted in a significantly higher relative dose intensity ( P < 0.0001 ) . a median follow-up of 6.8 years ( range 0.37 to 12.94 years ) , there was no significant difference in disease-free survival ( P = 0.87 ) or in overall survival ( P = 0.88 ) between the two treatment arms . 5-year overall survival rate was 93.7 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 88 % to 100 % ] and 94.1 % ( 95 % CI 84 % to 100 % ) in the original CISCA/VB arm and the low-dose CISCA/VB arm , respectively . 5-year overall survival rate for the entire study population was 98 % ( 95 % CI 94 % to 100 % ) and 88 % ( 95 % CI 76 % to 100 % ) in the good - and intermediate-prognosis groups , respectively , as defined by the International Germ Cell Consensus Classification Group ( IGCCCG ) . low-dose CISCA/VB regimen resulted in significantly less neutropenic fever ( P < 0.001 ) , grade 4 thrombocytopenia ( P < 0.03 ) and severe mucositis ( P < 0.01 ) than the original CISCA/VB regimen . is highly efficient in patients with good or intermediate prognosis NSGCT according to the IGCCCG criteria . equivalent antitumor efficacy can not be claimed , the low-dose CISCA/VB regimen appears to be a better mode of delivery than the original CISCA/VB regimen with respect to toxicity , since survival is comparable ."
2300,Abstract #2300,"disease ( CVD ) often arises from modifiable lifestyle factors . care professionals may lack the skills and resources to sustain behaviour change , lay ` health trainers ' ( LHT ) offer a potential alternative . sought to assess the cost-effectiveness of using a LHT to improve heart-health lifestyles in deprived communities . in this randomized trial were aged 18 years with at least one risk factor for CVD ( hypertension , raised cholesterol , diabetes , BMI > 30 or current smoker ) . groups received health promotion literature . were also able to provide intervention participants with information , advice and support aimed at changing beliefs and behaviour . and quality-adjusted life year ( QALY ) changes were estimated over 6 months . cost-utility [ incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( ICER ) ] of LHT was calculated and assessed in relation to the cost-effectiveness threshold of 20 000-30 000 per QALY . probability of LHT being cost-effective was also calculated . participants were randomized to a LHT , with 38 controls . mean cost of the LHT intervention was 151 . average , other health and social service costs fell by 21 for controls and 75 for intervention participants giving a LHT mean overall incremental cost of 98 . mean QALY gains were 0.022 and 0.028 , respectively . ICER for LHT was 14 480 , yet there was a 61 % chance of making the wrong decision at a 20 000/QALY threshold . provision was estimated to be cost-effective for people at risk of CVD . , a large level of uncertainty was associated with that decision ."
2301,Abstract #2301,"with severe chronic hand eczema ( CHE ) often respond to therapy with oral alitretinoin ( 9-cis retinoic acid ) . , the efficacy of alitretinoin after disease relapse has not been demonstrated . assess the efficacy and safety of a second course of oral alitretinoin in patients with severe CHE who relapsed after achieving ` clear ' or ` almost clear ' hands following a previous course of alitretinoin . double-blind study included 117 patients with CHE who had responded to therapy in an earlier clinical trial and subsequently relapsed . were randomized to receive their previous treatment or placebo . was alitretinoin 30 mg or 10 mg or placebo given once daily for 12-24 weeks . was defined as an overall Physician 's Global Assessment rating of ` clear ' or ` almost clear ' hands at the end of therapy . rates were 80 % in patients retreated with 30 mg alitretinoin compared with 8 % for placebo ( P < 0.001 ) . patients retreated with 10 mg alitretinoin response rates were 48 % , compared with 10 % in the placebo group . was well tolerated . reactions comprised typical retinoid class effects , and no late-arising side-effects were observed during this second course of treatment . majority of patients with CHE who previously achieved ` clear ' or ` almost clear ' hands following treatment with alitretinoin 30 mg per day also responded to a second course of treatment . was well tolerated . treatment with alitretinoin is suitable for the long-term management of CHE ."
2302,Abstract #2302,"evaluate the mechanism by which brimonidine , a selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist , lowers intraocular pressure ( IOP ) in humans . volunteers with ocular hypertension . tartrate ( 0.2 % ) was given topically twice daily for 1 week to one eye in a randomized , double-masked study . fellow eye was similarly treated with brimonidine vehicle . ( baseline ) and after 1 week ( day 8 ) of dosing , IOP , aqueous flow , episcleral venous pressure , and tonographic outflow facility were directly measured . outflow facility and uveoscleral outflow were calculated . eyes were compared with vehicle-treated contralateral control eyes and with baseline measurements after 1 week of dosing . significantly ( P < .001 , Student 's two-tailed t test ) reduced IOP mean + / - SE of 4.7 + / - 0.7 and 4.2 + / - 0.4 mm Hg compared with the baseline day and with the vehicle-treated contralateral control eyes , respectively . with the baseline day , aqueous flow was reduced by 20 % ( P = .002 ) and uveoscleral outflow was increased ( P = .04 ) . slight contralateral decrease in IOP of 1.2 + / - 0.6 mm Hg ( P = .05 ) and in aqueous flow of 12 % ( P = .05 ) was noted . significant difference was seen in the outflow facility values or episcleral venous pressure compared with the baseline day or with the contralateral control eye . brimonidine-induced reduction in IOP in humans is associated with a decrease in aqueous flow and an increase in uveoscleral outflow . decrease in IOP and aqueous flow in the contralateral control eye on day 8 compared with the baseline day suggests a mild contralateral effect ."
2303,Abstract #2303,"inactivity is common among older populations and American Indians . objective was to compare two methods for increasing physical activity and walking among American Indian elders . conducted a two arm randomized trial to increase physical activity in 125 American Indians aged 50-74 years at the Seattle Indian Health Board in 2005 . were randomized into either an activity monitoring ( N = 63 ) or activity monitoring with a pedometer ( N = 62 ) arm over a six-week period . included self-reported physical activity and well-being , and the 6-min walk test . were no group differences in self-reported physical activities and well-being . 6-min walk test yielded no between-group differences . participants increased the frequency of leisure walking ( p < 0.01 ) , frequency of all exercise-related activities ( p < 0.01 ) , frequency of moderate-intensity exercise activities ( p < 0.01 ) , and improved weekly caloric expenditure for all exercise activities ( p < 0.05 ) by the end of the trial . did not confer enhanced performance on the physical activity outcomes beyond those achieved through self-monitoring . activity can be promoted among at-risk groups in a brief , inexpensive manner in primary care . prescription and culturally relevant enhancement strategies may optimize physical activity outcomes for elder American Indians ."
2304,Abstract #2304,"determine whether mortality from breast cancer could be reduced by repeated mammographic screening . year cohorts of city population separately randomised into study and control groups . clinic outside main hospital . aged over 45 ; 21,088 invited for screening and 21,195 in control group . in the study group were invited to attend for mammographic screening at intervals of 18-24 months . rounds of screening were completed . cancer was treated according to stage at diagnosis . from breast cancer . women were followed up and classed at end point as alive without breast cancer , alive with breast cancer , dead from breast cancer , or dead from other causes . of death was taken from national mortality registry and for patients with breast cancer was validated independently . follow up was 8.8 years . 588 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in the study group and 447 in the control group ; 99 v 94 women died of all causes and 63 v 66 women died of breast cancer ( no significant difference ; relative risk 0.96 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.68 to 1.35 ) ) . the study group 29 % more women aged less than 55 died of breast cancer ( 28 v 22 ; relative risk 1.29 ( 0.74 to 2.25 ) ) . women in the study group died from breast cancer in the first seven years ; after that the trend reversed , especially in women aged greater than or equal to 55 at entry . , women in the study group aged greater than or equal to 55 had a 20 % reduction in mortality from breast cancer ( 35 v 44 ; relative risk 0.79 ( 0.51 to 1.24 ) ) . FINDINGS : In the study group 100 ( 17 % ) cancers appeared in intervals between screenings and 107 ( 18 % ) in non-attenders ; 51 of these women died from breast cancer . classed as stages II-IV comprised 33 % ( 190/579 ) of cancers in the study group and 52 % ( 231/443 ) in the control group . to mammographic screening may lead to reduced mortality from breast cancer , at least in women aged 55 or over ."
2305,Abstract #2305,"compare the efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with calcium antagonism in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria . study of diabetic patients with microalbuminuria treated with perindopril or nifedipine for 12 months and monitored for one or three months after stopping treatment depending on whether they were hypertensive or normotensive . were randomised separately according to whether they were hypertensive or normotensive . clinics in three university teaching hospitals . diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria . all , 43 completed the study : 30 were normotensive and 13 hypertensive ; 19 had type I diabetes and 24 had type II diabetes . 12 months 20 patients were given perindopril 2-8 mg daily and 23 were given nifedipine 20-80 mg daily . excretion rate , blood pressure , and glomerular filtration rate . perindopril and nifedipine significantly reduced mean blood pressure . treatment there was no significant difference between those treated with perindopril and those treated with nifedipine with respect to albuminuria or mean blood pressure . treatment with both drugs was associated with a sustained increase in albuminuria and mean blood pressure . was a significant correlation between mean blood pressure and albuminuria and also between the reduction in mean blood pressure and the decrease in albuminuria during treatment with both drugs . hypertensive patients both drugs caused significant decreases in mean blood pressure and albuminuria . normotensive patients there was no significant reduction in albuminuria with either regimen . diabetic patients with microalbuminuria blood pressure seems to be an important determinant of urinary albumin excretion . and nifedipine have similar effects on urinary albumin excretion , both preventing increases in albuminuria in normotensive patients and decreasing albuminuria in hypertensive patients ."
2306,Abstract #2306,"goal of these secondary analyses of clinical trial data was to characterize clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia who met symptom severity or duration thresholds for two alternative definitions of remission , and to explore their relationships to improvement duration and quality of life outcomes . 1 used threshold criteria for selected PANSS items sustained over at least 6-months Definition 2 used Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ( BPRS ) % change , a threshold score for the Clinical Global Improvement-Severity ( CGI-S ) maintained for at least 8 weeks , and threshold scores for selected BPRS items . and Negative Symptom Scale ( PANSS ) and Quality of Life scale ( QLS ) total scores were pooled from 6 clinical trials . extent to which the alternative severity thresholds from these two definitions and duration of clinical improvement were associated with different clinical and QLS outcomes was explored . analysis also assessed the relative contribution of each of the components of the two definition severity thresholds to improvements in QLS Total score . in QLS scores were greater for those patients who met either threshold criteria relative to those who met neither ( p < .0001 ) . greater improvements in QLS scores were observed for patients who met either threshold criteria at the 8 - , 16 - and 24-week visits relative to those who met criteria at weeks 16 and 24 , or at week 24 only ( p < 0.001 ) , as well as for the subset of patients who met threshold criteria at both 24 and 52 weeks relative to those who met criteria at only one of these 2 time points . 31 % to 47 % of patients meeting threshold criteria for either definition at the 8 - , 16 - or 24-week visits remained in remission at the 52-week visit . the severity threshold components analyzed , BPRS total % change from baseline was the strongest predictor of improvement in QLS scores . of life improved most for patients who achieved severity thresholds associated with either remission criteria and who stayed improved for longer periods . BPRS change scores accounted for the greatest percentage of the QLS scores variance . a fraction of patients who meet severity criteria for either remission definition early in treatment will remain at that level of improvement within the subsequent 9-12 months ."
2307,Abstract #2307,"enlighten the early response of endometrium to tamoxifen by assessing the expression of estrogen receptors , progesterone receptors , Ki-67 , and the histological response in endometria from normal postmenopausal women treated for 21 days with tamoxifen . total of 40 women , scheduled to undergo vaginal hysterectomy because of uterine prolapse , were randomly assigned to the tamoxifen group ( 20 mg/day ; 20 women ) or the control group ( 20 women ) . were obtained from the upper and the lower thirds of the uterine cavity . immunohistochemical staining of estrogen and progesterone receptors and of Ki-67 was performed on frozen sections . was assessed using semiquantitative immunoreactivity scores . endometrial hyperplasia was diagnosed in 18 of the 20 samples exposed to tamoxifen compared with only 2 of the 20 controls ( P < 0.0005 ) . was increased in both the epithelium and stroma in the tamoxifen samples , a difference that was significant for estrogen receptors in glandular epithelium ( 180 + / - 80 v 110 + / - 110 ; P < 0.05 ) . , Ki-67 antigen was expressed more frequently in both glandular epithelium ( P < 0.05 ) and stroma ( P < 0.05 ) in the tamoxifen samples . rapidly up-regulated the cell proliferation markers , an effect that was associated with enhanced growth as confirmed by increased expression of estrogen receptors and Ki-67 , in addition to a high incidence of glandular hyperplasia ."
2308,Abstract #2308,"of autologous plasma and reinfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) offers the opportunity of improving patients ' haemostasis and reducing homologous blood consumption in cardiac surgery . influence of acute , preoperative plasmapheresis ( APP ) on coagulation tests , fibrinolysis , blood loss and transfusion requirements was investigated in elective aortocoronary bypass patients . patients were randomized to a control or pheresis group . pheresis group had platelet-rich plasmapheresis ( PRP-group , n = 20 ) performed before incision and the platelet-rich plasma ( PRP ) was returned after CPB . control group ( n = 20 ) was managed without pheresis . patients had serial coagulation studies , including prothrombin split products ( F1/F2 ) , fibrinopeptide A ( FPA ) , protein C ( PC ) , thrombomodulin ( TM ) , tissue-plasminogen-activator ( t-PA ) , plasminogen-activator-inhibitor ( PAI 1 ) , fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 ( FPB beta 15-42 ) , haemoglobin and platelet counts determined intra - and postoperatively . tube drainage and transfusion requirements were recorded . had no negative effects on the quality of PRP . platelet count of the withdrawn autologous plasma was 239 + / - 33 x 10 ( 9 ) / l. From the end of the operation ( after retransfusion of autologous plasma ) until the first postoperative day platelet counts were significant higher in the PRP-group ( P > 0.05 ) . concentrations of modified antithrombin III ( ATM ) , F1/F2 and FPA increased ( 166-290 % from baseline ) and PC - and TM-antigen decreased ( 11-49 % from baseline ) to a different extent for both groups throughout CPB . increased intraoperatively peaking at the end of CPB ( PRP-group : 4.8 + / - 0.8 IU/ml , control-group : 8.1 + / - 2.3 IU/ml ) ( P > 0.05 ) . onset of CPB PAI-1 levels decreased and were further reduced after CPB in control patients in comparison to PRP-patients ( P < 0.05 ) . beta 15-42 occurred in peak concentrations after neutralisation of heparin by protamine . PRP-patients showed baseline values of coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters on the next morning ( P < 0.05 ) . postoperative blood loss during the first 24 h was 503 + / - 251 ml ( PRP-group ) and 937 + / - 349 ml in the control-group ( P < 0.05 ) . of the PRP-patients received allogeneic blood , whereas five control-patients received 11 units of packed red cells ( P < 0.05 ) . findings suggest that in elective cardiac surgery heparin can not prevent generation of both thrombin and fibrin , born throughout CPB and postoperatively . use of PRP withdrawn immediately preoperatively is an attractive technique to reduce allogeneic blood usage and preoperative blood loss , especially in patients in whom withdrawal of autologous whole blood can not be performed ."
2309,Abstract #2309,"outcome after surgery alone is unsatisfactory in dogs with invasive malignant mammary gland tumors . doxorubicin or docetaxel will improve the treatment outcome in dogs with high-risk malignant mammary gland tumors , and the use of docetaxel will be feasible in affected dogs . dogs with malignant mammary gland tumors of histologic stages II and III ( vascular or lymphatic invasion , regional lymph node metastasis , or distant metastasis ) were used . prospective clinical trial in which dogs were treated with surgery alone ( n = 19 ) or also received adjuvant chemotherapy ( n = 12 ) with doxorubicin or docetaxel was conducted . was given as an IV infusion at a dose of 30 mg/m2 preceded by dexamethasone and diphenhydramine administration . recurrence-free interval ranged from 13 to 2,585 days ( median not reached ) ; the median metastasis-free interval and overall survival were 294 days and 370 days , respectively . treated with chemotherapy had a tendency toward higher long-term local control and survival rates , but there was no significant difference in the recurrence-free interval ( P = .17 ) , time to metastasis ( P = .71 ) , and overall survival ( P = .12 ) . found to influence the time to metastasis and overall survival included lymph node metastasis ( P = .009 ) and tumor fixation to underlying structures ( P = .043 , time to metastasis ) , as well as age ( P = .018 ) and histologic stage ( P < .001 , survival ) . allergic skin reactions were the most frequently observed complications of docetaxel treatment . did not lead to an improved outcome in this population . treatment was well tolerated . investigations of adjuvant chemotherapy in dogs with high-risk mammary cancer are warranted ."
2310,Abstract #2310,"determine whether the administration of carboplatin concurrently with radiation treatment improves survival in patients with inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer . hundred eighty-three patients with inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer were entered onto a randomized trial by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group . was performed before initiation of any therapy . patients received an induction chemotherapy program with vinblastine and cisplatin for 5 weeks , followed by 6,000 cGy of radiation therapy over 6 weeks . hundred thirty-seven patients were randomized to this therapy regimen alone ; 146 patients were randomized to receive carboplatin at 100 mg/m2/wk concurrent with the radiation therapy . complete response was 18 % with concurrent carboplatin versus 10 % with radiotherapy alone ( P = .101 ) . was no difference with respect to failure-free survival ( 10 % with carboplatin and 9 % with radiotherapy alone ) or overall survival ( 13 % with carboplatin and 10 % with radiotherapy alone ) at 4 years . patients not receiving carboplatin , the relapse rate was 69 % within the field of radiation and 53 % in the boost volume . patients receiving carboplatin , the relapse rate was 59 % within the field of radiation and 43 % in the boost volume . with cancers more than 70 cm2 in size had significantly poorer survival ( P = .01 ) . at the dose and schedule used did not significantly impact on disease control or survival . relapse rate within the chest remained more than 50 % . effective regimens will be required to impact on local disease control and survival ."
2311,Abstract #2311,"hydrochloride , a selective estrogen receptor modulator , prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women , but whether it reduces fracture risk in these women is not known . determine the effect of raloxifene therapy on risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures . Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation ( MORE ) study , a multicenter , randomized , blinded , placebo-controlled trial . total of 7705 women aged 31 to 80 years in 25 countries who had been postmenopausal for at least 2 years and who met World Health Organization criteria for having osteoporosis . study began in 1994 and had up to 36 months of follow-up for primary efficacy measurements and nonserious adverse events and up to 40 months of follow-up for serious adverse events . were randomized to 60 mg/d or 120 mg/d of raloxifene or to identically appearing placebo pills ; in addition , all women received supplemental calcium and cholecalciferol . vertebral fracture was determined radiographically at baseline and at scheduled 24 - and 36-month visits . fracture was ascertained by interview at 6-month-interim visits . mineral density was determined annually by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry . 36 months of the evaluable radiographs in 6828 women , 503 ( 7.4 % ) had at least 1 new vertebral fracture , including 10.1 % of women receiving placebo , 6.6 % of those receiving 60 mg/d of raloxifene , and 5.4 % of those receiving 120 mg/d of raloxifene . of vertebral fracture was reduced in both study groups receiving raloxifene ( for 60-mg/d group : relative risk [ RR ] , 0.7 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.5-0 .8 ; for 120-mg/d group : RR , 0.5 ; 95 % CI , 0.4-0 .7 ) . of vertebral fracture was reduced both in women who did and did not have prevalent fracture . of nonvertebral fracture for raloxifene vs placebo did not differ significantly ( RR , 0.9 ; 95 % CI , 0.8-1 .1 for both raloxifene groups combined ) . with placebo , raloxifene increased bone mineral density in the femoral neck by 2.1 % ( 60 mg ) and 2.4 % ( 120 mg ) and in the spine by 2.6 % ( 60 mg ) and 2.7 % ( 120 mg ) P < 0.001 for all comparisons ) . receiving raloxifene had increased risk of venous thromboembolus vs placebo ( RR , 3.1 ; 95 % CI , 1.5-6 .2 ) . did not cause vaginal bleeding or breast pain and was associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer . postmenopausal women with osteoporosis , raloxifene increases bone mineral density in the spine and femoral neck and reduces risk of vertebral fracture ."
2312,Abstract #2312,"interviewer is often needed to administer the COOP/WONCA Charts to Chinese patients , and this may affect the reliability of results . aimed to find out the reliability of the COOP/WONCA Charts administered by an interviewer , and whether a change in the interviewer or administration method would affect the results . carried out a cross-sectional test-retest study on 487 Chinese adult patients attending a family medicine clinic in Hong Kong . COOP/WONCA Charts were administered by the same interviewer , two different interviewers or self-completion and interviewer administration , on test and retest . random , inter-observer and inter-method variances were compared with the inter-subject variance . reliability coefficient of each COOP/WONCA Chart was calculated for each method of administration . errors could change the scores by 0.57-1 .04 , inter-observer variations could change the scores of four charts by 0.72-0 .80 , and a change in the method could change the physical fitness score by 1.79 and the daily activities score by 1.31 , on a five-point scale . reliability coefficients of the six COOP/WONCA Charts were 0.68-0 .92 for one interviewer , 0.59-0 .82 for two interviewers and 0.46-0 .81 for two methods . Chinese COOP/WONCA Charts were reliable in detecting real differences when administered by an interviewer . change in the method of administration significantly decreased the reliability of the results . use of more than one method of data collection in the same survey should be discouraged ."
2313,Abstract #2313,"drugs that can be taken orally are needed for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . data indicate that dapsone with trimethoprim may be an effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , which is frequently toxic . a double-blind trial , 60 patients with AIDS and mild-to-moderately-severe first episodes of P. carinii pneumonia ( partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood , greater than 60 mm Hg while breathing room air ) were randomly assigned to 21 days of treatment with either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( 20 and 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day , respectively ) or trimethoprim-dapsone ( 20 mg per kilogram per day and 100 mg per day ) . orally administered treatment failed because of progressive pneumonitis in 3 of the 30 patients assigned to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and in 2 of the 30 assigned to trimethoprim-dapsone ( P greater than 0.3 ) . toxic effects required a switch to intravenous pentamidine for 17 patients ( 57 percent ) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group , as compared with 9 ( 30 percent ) in the trimethoprim-dapsone group ( P less than 0.025 ) . trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , there were more instances of severe chemical hepatitis ( six , as compared with one in the trimethoprim-dapsone group ) and marked neutropenia ( five vs. one ) . rash ( three in each treatment group ) and severe nausea and vomiting ( two in each group ) occurred with equal frequency with both drug combinations . occurred in most of the patients treated with trimethoprim-dapsone , but it was asymptomatic and the level exceeded 20 percent in only one patient . hyperkalemia ( serum potassium level , 5.1 to 6.1 mmol per liter ) also occurred in 53 percent of the patients treated with trimethoprim-dapsone . patients with AIDS , oral therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and with trimethoprim-dapsone are equally effective for mild-to-moderate first episodes of P. carinii pneumonia , but with trimethoprim-dapsone there are fewer serious adverse reactions than with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ."
2314,Abstract #2314,"study sought to compare whether gender affects the outcome of rate versus rhythm control treatment in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation ( AF ) . trials have shown that rate control is an acceptable alternative to rhythm control . , the effects of treatment may differ between male and female patients . the Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion ( RACE ) study , 522 patients ( 192 female ) were included and randomized to rate or rhythm control . occurrence of cardiovascular end points and quality of life ( QoL ) were compared between female and male patients . baseline , female patients differed from male patients with regard to age , underlying heart disease , diabetes mellitus , and left ventricular function . patients had more AF-related complaints , and QoL was significantly lower . a mean follow-up of 2.3 + / - 0.6 years , cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was equally distributed between female ( 21 % ) and male patients ( 19 % ) . , in contrast to male patients , female patients randomized to rhythm control developed more end points ( adjusted hazard ratio was 3.1 [ 95 % confidence interval 1.5 to 6.3 ] , p = 0.002 ) , mainly heart failure , thromboembolic complications , and adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs , compared with rate control randomized female patients . follow-up , QoL in female patients remained worse compared with that for male patients . strategy did not influence QoL in female patients . female patients with persistent AF , a rhythm control approach leads to more cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . treatment strategy did not influence QoL in female patients , a rate control approach may be considered in these patients ."
2315,Abstract #2315,"aim was to study the effect of a 5-year diet intervention on 24-year mortality in middle aged men with combined hyperlipidaemia . studied 104 initially healthy men ( in 1972 ) aged 40-49 years with baseline values of total serum cholesterol > 6.45 mmol L-1 and fasting triglycerides > 2.55 mmol L-1 , within the randomized diet and smoking cessation trial of the Oslo study ( n = 1232 ) . participants were randomized to a 5-year diet intervention or a control group . diet consisted of a traditional lipid-lowering diet with emphasis on reduction of saturated fat , total caloric intake and body weight . groups were initially well balanced with regard to traditional risk factors for mortality . subjects died during the 24-year observation period [ 17 of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and 12 of cancer ] . the diet intervention group , mortality was 51 % lower ( RR = 0.49 , 95 % CI 0.22-0 .91 , P = 0.022 ) as compared with the control group . difference remained significant in a Cox regression analysis after adjusting for age and smoking status ( RR = 0.47 , 95 % CI 0.23-0 .96 , P = 0.038 ) . study indicates that the investigated 5-year diet intervention significantly reduces late mortality in healthy middle-aged men with combined hyperlipidaemia ."
2316,Abstract #2316,"has recently been found to enhance the rate of progression of myopia . result was thought to be controversial as it contrasted with expectations based on animal studies , as well as the results found wearing progressive addition lenses . aim of the present study was to again determine the effect of undercorrection on the progression of myopia in a random population of children who are known to be very susceptible to myopia . cohort of 48 myopic children , aged six to 15 years was randomly assigned to either a fully corrected group ( n = 23 ) or to an undercorrected group ( n = 25 ) . subjects in the latter group were blurred by +0.50 D. prospective study extended over a period of 18 months . examinations were carried out at the beginning of the study , then at six-month , 12-month and 18-month follow-up . produced a slight but not statistically significant increase in myopic progression over the 18-month period equal to 0.17 D , compared to full correction . similar trend towards an increase in progression was noted in females and in children with near esophoria . study supports the evidence that undercorrection does not represent an effective therapy to slow the rate of early-onset myopic progression , regardless of near heterophoria ."
2317,Abstract #2317,"purpose of this study was to examine how older adults with vestibular impairment use sensory feedback for postural control . older adult subjects with unilateral vestibular hypofunction ( UVH , mean age 69 y ) and 14 older ( mean age 70 y ) and 8 young adult controls ( CON , mean age 28 y ) viewed full-field optic flow scenes while standing on a fixed or sway-referenced support surface . subjects with UVH had 100 % caloric asymmetry . flow consisted of sinusoidal anterior-posterior movement of the visual surround at three frequencies and three amplitudes of stimulation . anterior-posterior head sway was measured . number of head sway responses that were coupled to the optic flow and magnitude of head sway during optic flow relative to during quiet stance on fixed floor was quantified . number of trials in which the head sway response was significantly coupled to the optic flow was significantly greater in the Older UVH and Older CON subjects compared with the Young CON subjects . , the magnitude of head sway was two to three times greater in Older UVH and CON compared with Young CON subjects . was no difference in coupling or magnitude of head sway between Older UVH and Older CON subjects . amplitude of sway was also dependent on the amount of surface support , stimulus frequency , and stimulus amplitude . adults with unilateral vestibular hypofunction who are able to effectively compensate show no difference in postural responses elicited by optic flow compared with age-matched controls ."
2318,Abstract #2318,"has been employed in various clinical settings to reduce anxiety . , meta-analysis has shown music to have little influence on haemodynamic parameters . study aimed at investigating the effect of relaxing music on heart rate recovery after exercise . student volunteers underwent treadmill exercise and were assessed for heart rate recovery and saliva analysis ; comparing exposure to sedative music with exposure to silence during the recovery period immediately following exercise . differences were found between music and non-music exposure regarding : heart rate recovery , resting pulse rate , and salivary cortisol . was no different to silence in affecting these physiological measures , which are all associated with anxiety . music unaccompanied by meditation techniques or other such interventions may not have a major role in reducing anxiety in certain experimental settings ."
2319,Abstract #2319,"compare daytime intraduodenal levodopa/carbidopa infusion as monotherapy with individually optimized conventional combination therapies in patients with advanced Parkinson disease ( PD ) for motor fluctuations and quality of life ( QoL ) . patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia were studied in a randomized crossover design to compare individualized conventional treatment and intraduodenal infusion of a levodopa/carbidopa gel for 3 + 3 weeks . scoring of motor function was assessed by blinded assessors on a global Treatment Response Scale from -3 to 0 to +3 ( from severe `` off '' to `` on '' to `` on '' with severe dyskinesia ) . self-assessment of motor performance and QoL was done using an electronic diary . percentage of ratings in a functional `` on '' interval ( -1 to +1 ) was increased from 81 to 100 % by infusion therapy ( p < 0.01 ) . improvement was accompanied by a decrease in `` off '' state ( p < 0.01 ) and no increase in dyskinesia . Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale score decreased from 53 to 35 in favor of infusion ( p < 0.05 ) . was improved , using the two instruments : Parkinson 's Disease Questionnaire-39 and 15D Quality of Life Instrument ( p < 0.01 ) . events were similar for both treatment strategies . intraduodenal infusion of the levodopa/carbidopa enteral gel as monotherapy is safe and clinically superior to a number of individually optimized combinations of conventional oral and subcutaneous medications in patients with motor fluctuations . infusion of levodopa offers an important alternative in treating patients with advanced Parkinson disease ."
2320,Abstract #2320,"metabolism is a dynamic process that is influenced by food ingestion . incretins have been shown to be important regulators of bone turnover . aim of the present study was to assess whether a dipeptidylpeptidase ( DPP ) -4 inhibitor affects markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis . present study was a single-center , double blind , randomized clinical trail . drug-nave patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) were randomized to either 1 year treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin ( 100 mg , once daily ; n = 29 ) or placebo ( n = 30 ) . received a standardized breakfast after measurement of serum concentrations of cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide ( s-CTx ) , a bone resorption marker influenced by food intake , before and after 50 weeks treatment . did not change postprandial s-CTx concentrations compared with pretreatment levels ( between-group ratio 1.15 0.17 ; P = 0.320 ) . serum alkaline phosphatase , calcium , and phosphate were also unaffected y 1 year treatment with vildagliptin . with vildagliptin for 1 year was not associated with changes in markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis in drug-nave patients with T2D and mild hyperglycemia ."
2321,Abstract #2321,"study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of modafinil at a range of doses , versus placebo , in alleviating symptoms of ADHD in adults . patients with ADHD were randomized in 1:1:1:1:1 fashion to double-blind treatment with modafinil 255 , 340 , 425 , or 510 mg daily or placebo for 9 weeks . primary efficacy outcome was the change from baseline at final visit in the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale ( AISRS ) total score . total of 338 patients were enrolled , of whom 330 received at least 1 dose of study medication ( modafinil or placebo ) . statistically significant difference in the AISRS total score was observed at final visit between any modafinil group and placebo ; however , some observations among patients who completed the trial may warrant further investigation . was reasonably tolerated but did not demonstrate a benefit on ADHD symptoms in adults ."
2322,Abstract #2322,"has been used to treat schizophrenia since 2000 . is unknown whether its modest QTc-prolonging effect increases cardiovascular event risk . describe the study design of the Ziprasidone Observational Study of Cardiac Outcomes ( ZODIAC ) . study was conducted between February 2002 and February 2006 . follow-up for the primary endpoint of nonsuicide death ended in April 2007 . is an open-label , randomized , postmarketing study enrolling patients with schizophrenia in naturalistic practice in 18 countries . primary outcome measure was the rate of nonsuicide mortality in the year after initial recommendation for therapy . were randomly assigned to either ziprasidone or olanzapine , after which follow-up was conducted by investigators aware of the assigned exposure . physician-administered questionnaire collected baseline information on patients ' demographics , medical and psychiatric history , and concomitant medication use . were self-reported by patients or reported by enrolling physicians . enrolled 18,240 patients with schizophrenia . ( 73.0 % ) were from the United States or Brazil . ' baseline mean age was 41.6 years , 55.1 % were male , and 60.0 % were white . baseline , approximately 18 % had hypertension , 14.8 % had hyperlipidemia , 46.5 % currently smoked , 28.9 % had a body mass index > or = 30 kg/m ( 2 ) , and 7.7 % had diabetes . time from schizophrenia diagnosis to study enrollment was 10.4 years and mean Clinical Global Impressions scale score was 5.2 ( range : 1-8 ) . one third of patients had ever attempted suicide . percent were using antipsychotics at baseline . 80 % were using concomitant medications , with 29.5 % using antidepressants , 25.4 % using anxiolytics , and 19.0 % using mood stabilizers . than 3 % were using antihypertensives or statins . is a uniquely designed study with an initial randomization to ziprasidone or olanzapine and follow-up largely consistent with usual practice ( i.e. , many characteristics of a nonexperimental study ) . data suggest this study population has a substantial prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors . medications were used frequently , although hyperlipidemia and hypertension may be undertreated . Identifier : NCT00174447 ."
2323,Abstract #2323,"evaluate and compare two 1-week low-dose triple therapies based on lansoprazole , amoxycillin and a macrolide in eradicating Helicobacter pylori . consecutive patients , suffering from dyspeptic symptoms with H. pylori infection , were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups : ( A ) ( LAC ; n = 35 ) lansoprazole 30 mg once daily , amoxycillin 1000 mg b.d. , clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. , all for 7 days ; and ( B ) ( LAA ; n = 35 ) lansoprazole 30 mg once daily and amoxycillin 1000 mg b.d. , both for 7 days , plus azithromycin 500 mg once daily for only 3 days . H. pylori status was evaluated by means of histology and rapid urease test at entry and 8 weeks after treatment . patients did not complete the treatment : one in the LAC group was withdrawn owing to severe side-effects ; two patients in the LAA group stopped the treatment prematurely . pylori eradication was obtained in 28 of 34 ( 82 % ; 95 % CI = 66-93 % ) patients in the LAC group and in 20 of 33 ( 61 % ; 95 % CI = 42-77 % ) patients in the LAA group . difference is significant ( P < 0.029 ) . intention-to-treat analysis , the rates of eradication were ( 28 of 35 patients , 80 % in the LAC group and 20 of 35 patients , 57 % in the LAA group . occurred in nine ( 26 % ) and six ( 18 % ) patients in the LAC and LAA groups , respectively . lansoprazole plus amoxycillin and clarithromycin is more effective than low-dose lansoprazole plus amoxycillin and azithromycin , but it gave a greater incidence of side-effects ."
2324,Abstract #2324,"antibiotic regimens are used commonly in Thailand for the initial treatment of severe melioidosis : ceftazidime in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( TMP-SMX ) and ceftazidime monotherapy . is not known whether TMP-SMX provides an additional benefit . prospective , randomized trials that compared these regimens for patients presenting with acute severe melioidosis were started independently at tertiary care hospitals in Ubon Ratchathani and Khon Kaen ( in northeastern Thailand ) , and the results were analyzed together as a prospective , individual-patient data meta-analysis . primary end point was in-hospital mortality rate . in-hospital mortality rate among all enrolled patients ( n = 449 ) was not significantly different between those randomized to ceftazidime alone ( 25.1 % ; 56 of 223 subjects ) and those randomized to ceftazidime with TMP-SMX ( 26.6 % ; 60 of 226 subjects ; odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.08 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.7-1 .7 ; stratified P = .73 ) . the 241 patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis , 51 ( 21.2 % ) died . these 241 patients , 31 ( 12.9 % ) died > or = 48 h after the time of study entry . patients with melioidosis , there was no difference in death rate between the 2 treatment groups for either all deaths ( OR , 0.88 ; 95 % CI , 0.48-1 .6 ; stratified P = .70 ) or for deaths that occurred > or = 48 h after hospital admission ( OR , 0.88 ; 95 % CI , 0.41-1 .9 ; stratified P = .73 ) . logistic regression analysis revealed that bacteremia , respiratory failure , and renal failure were independently associated with death and treatment failure . regimens were not associated with death or treatment failure in this model . conclude that the addition of TMP-SMX to ceftazidime therapy during initial treatment of severe melioidosis does not reduce the acute mortality rate ."
2325,Abstract #2325,"compare clinical effectiveness and side effects of treatment with azithromycin or phenoxymethylpenicillin in children with solitary erythema migrans . patients younger than 15 years , referred to our institution in 1998 and 1999 with previously untreated typical solitary erythema migrans , were included in this prospective study . demographic features and clinical data were collected by means of a questionnaire . efficiency of treatment of acute disease , development of later major and/or minor manifestations of Lyme borreliosis and side effects of treatment were surveyed by follow-up visits during the first year . patients received azithromycin 20 mg/kg/day for the first day followed by 10 mg/kg/day for a further four days and phenoxymethylpenicillin 100,000 IU/kg/day for 14 days . differences in demographic and clinical pre-treatment characteristics were present in the two groups , with the exception of the duration of erythema migrans before treatment ( 3 days in the azithromycin group versus 4 days in the phenoxymethylpenicillin group ; p = 0.0320 ) . clinical course during the post-treatment period revealed no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of EM ( 3 days versus 4 days ; p = 0.2471 ) , the appearance of minor manifestations of Lyme borreliosis ( 17.5 % in the azithromycin group versus 24.4 % in the phenoxymethyl-penicillin group ; p = 0.6252 ) , or in the emergence of major manifestations of Lyme borreliosis ( one patient in each treatment group ) . year after antibiotic treatment all patients were asymptomatic . effects of treatment were observed in 5.3 % of patients treated with azithromycin and in 6 % treated with phenoxymethylpenicillin . appearance of `` Herxheimer 's reaction '' at the beginning of treatment was recorded in 7 out of 42 patients ( 6 % ) in each treatment group . and phenoxymethylpenicillin are equally effective in treatment of children with solitary erythema migrans and have comparable side effects ."
2326,Abstract #2326,"like growth factor-I ( IGF-I ) levels in post-menopausal women are reduced by oral administration of the synthetic oestrogen ethinyl oestradiol but increased by transdermal delivery of 17 beta-oestradiol . these oestrogen types are different , the aim of this study was to clarify whether reduction in IGF-I is a specific effect of ethinyl oestradiol or common to other oral oestrogen formulations . cross-over study comparing one month of treatment with ethinyl oestradiol ( 20 micrograms ) , conjugated equine oestrogen ( 1.25 mg Premarin ) and oestradiol valerate ( 2 mg ) . healthy post-menopausal women , age 60.3 + / - 5.6 years . 24 hour GH ( from hourly sampling ) , IGF-I , GH binding protein ( GHBP ) , pituitary ( LH , FSH ) and hepatic function ( SHBG and angiotensinogen ) were measured . three oestrogen formulations resulted in a significant reduction in IGF-I levels compared to baseline and significant elevations of GH and GHBP ( P < 0.05 ) . percentage increase in GH during oestrogen treatment was significantly related to the percentage decrease in IGF-I levels ( P = 0.04 ) . three oestrogen formulations resulted in significant suppression of LH and FSH and induction of the hepatic proteins , SHBG and angiotensinogen ( P < 0.05 ) . increased in parallel with other hepatic proteins . in IGF-I levels is an intrinsic effect of oral oestrogen therapy and increased GH levels may occur as a result of reduced feedback inhibition by IGF-I . GHBP activity is not changed by transdermal oestrogen , we conclude that the liver is a major source of circulating GHBP and that GHBP is an oestrogen sensitive protein ."
2327,Abstract #2327,"compare the clinical , functional , and economic outcomes of initially prescribing fluoxetine with outcomes of initially selecting imipramine or desipramine . controlled trial . care clinics of a Seattle , Wash , area staff-model health maintenance organization from 1992 through 1994 . total of 536 adults beginning antidepressant treatment for depression . assignment of initial antidepressant prescription ( desipramine , fluoxetine , or imipramine ) . antidepressant treatment ( doses , medication changes or discontinuation , specialty referral ) was managed by the primary care physician . after 1 , 3 , and 6 months examined clinical outcomes ( Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the depression subscale of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist ) and quality-of-life outcomes ( Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 ) . use and health care costs were assessed using the health maintenance organization 's computerized data . assigned to receive fluoxetine reported fewer adverse effects , were more likely to continue the original medication , and were more likely to reach adequate doses than patients beginning treatment with either tricyclic drug . fluoxetine group reported marginally better clinical outcomes after 1 month , but these differences were not statistically significant and disappeared by the 3-month assessment . outcomes in the 3 groups did not differ . health care costs over 6 months were approximately equal for the 3 groups , with higher antidepressant costs in the fluoxetine group balanced by lower outpatient visit and inpatient costs . outcomes , quality-of-life outcomes , and overall treatment costs provide no clear guidance on initial selection of fluoxetine or tricyclic drugs . , patients ' and physicians ' preferences are an appropriate basis for treatment selection ."
2328,Abstract #2328,"compare hyperpolarized helium-3 ( ( 3 ) He ) and xenon-129 ( ( 129 ) Xe ) MRI in asthmatics before and after salbutamol inhalation . asthmatics provided written informed consent and underwent spirometry , plethysmography , and MRI before and after salbutamol inhalation . 3 ) He and ( 129 ) Xe ventilation defect percent ( VDP ) and ventilation coefficient of variation ( COV ) were measured . characterize the airways spatially related to ventilation defects , wall area percent ( WA % ) and lumen area ( LA ) were evaluated for two subjects who had thoracic x-ray computed tomography ( CT ) acquired 1 year before MRI . salbutamol inhalation , ( 129 ) Xe VDP ( 8 5 % ) was significantly greater than ( 3 ) He VDP ( 6 5 % , P = 0.003 ) . , there was a significant improvement in both ( 129 ) Xe ( 5 4 % , P < 0.0001 ) and ( 3 ) He ( 4 3 % , P = 0.001 ) VDP , and the improvement in ( 129 ) Xe VDP was significantly greater ( P = 0.008 ) . 129 ) Xe MRI COV ( Pre : 0.309 0.028 , Post : 0.296 0.036 ) was significantly greater than ( 3 ) He MRI COV ( Pre : 0.282 0.018 , Post : 0.269 0.024 ) , pre - ( P < 0.0001 ) and post-salbutamol ( P < 0.0001 ) and the decrease in COV post-salbutamol was significant ( ( 129 ) Xe , P = 0.002 ; ( 3 ) He , P < 0.0001 ) . a single asthmatic , a sub-segmental ( 129 ) Xe MRI ventilation defect that was visible only before salbutamol inhalation but not visible using ( 3 ) He MRI was spatially related to a remodeled fourth generation sub-segmental airway ( WA % = 78 % , LA = 2.9 mm ( 2 ) ) . asthma , hyperpolarized ( 129 ) Xe MRI may help reveal ventilation abnormalities before bronchodilation that are not observed using hyperpolarized ( 3 ) He MRI ."
2329,Abstract #2329,"therapies have been utilized as the main protocol for opiate detoxification for several years . , detoxification with clonidine has its limitations , including lack of efficacy for mental symptoms . evidence shows the efficacy of Passiflora incarnata extract in the management of anxiety . our continuing study of traditional medicines , which have neurotropic effects , this plant had an anxiolytic effect , which may be used as an adjuvant agent in the detoxification of opiates by clonidine . present the results of a double-blind randomized controlled trial of clonidine plus passiflora extract vs. clonidine plus placebo in the outpatient detoxification of 65 opiates addicts . total of 65 opiates addicts were assigned randomly to treatment with passiflora extract plus clonidine tablet or clonidine tablet plus placebo drop during a 14-day double-blind clinical trial . patients met the DSM IV criteria for opioid dependence . fixed daily dose was 60 drops of passiflora extract and a maximum daily dose of 0.8 mg of clonidine administered in three divided doses . severity of the opiate withdrawal syndrome was measured on days 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 and 14 using the Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale ( SOWS ) . protocols were equally effective in treating the physical symptoms of withdrawal syndromes . , the passiflora plus clonidine group showed a significant superiority over clonidine alone in the management of mental symptoms . results suggested that passiflora extract may be an effective adjuvant agent in the management of opiate withdrawal . , a larger study to confirm our results is warranted ."
2330,Abstract #2330,"aim of this study was to determine the risk of endoscopic/radiological recurrence of Crohn 's disease postoperatively and the long-term outcome . randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed to determine the effectiveness of mesalamine in preventing recurrent Crohn 's disease postoperatively . in the control group were examined endoscopically/radiologically before entry into and annually during the trial . were classified as minimal or severe . were 76 patients ( 49 men and 37 women ; mean age , 37.1 + / - 13.2 years ) . ( 61.7 % ) had terminal ileal resections . , 55 endoscopic/radiological recurrences were observed in 51 patients ( 67.1 % ) . actuarially , the recurrence rate was 27.5 % at 1 year ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 15.8 % -37.6 % ) , 60.8 % at 2 years ( 95 % CI , 46 % -71.3 % ) , and 77.3 % at 3 years ( 95 % CI , 62.7 % -86.3 % ) . ( 37 % ) were symptomatic and 12 ( 24 % ) were initially asymptomatic but later became symptomatic ( mean , 13.0 + / - 8.8 months ) , whereas 20 ( 39 % ) remained asymptomatic ( mean , 16.9 + / - 17.4 months ) . with severe endoscopic/radiological disease were significantly more likely to be or become symptomatic than those with minimal disease ( 23 of 32 vs. 8 of 19 , respectively ; P = 0.0437 ) . study suggests that postoperative endoscopic/radiological recurrences occur later than previously reported . , many of these patients , especially with minimal disease , will remain asymptomatic ."
2331,Abstract #2331,"compare outcomes of early medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol in a family medicine setting and specialized reproductive health clinics . study used data collected from a prospective , open-label , randomized trial of oral versus buccal misoprostol efficacy . secondary analysis was performed , evaluating efficacy , acceptability , and interventions after medication at the family medicine site compared with the 6 specialized reproductive health sites . data from patients in the family medicine setting ( n = 116 ) to specialized reproductive health sites ( n = 731 ) revealed no difference in overall efficacy ( 95.7 % vs 93.4 % ; P = .351 ) . family medicine site used a second dose of misoprostol more frequently than the other sites ( 6.9 % vs 2.5 % ; P = .018 ) . addition , uterine aspiration after medical abortion at the family medicine site was not used for `` medically necessary '' reasons whereas reproductive health clinics used it 2.6 % of the time ( marginally significant ; P = .094 ) . satisfaction at family medicine sites was comparable to the other sites ( 91.2 % vs 92.0 % ; P = .792 ) . abortion has similar efficacy and patient satisfaction when offered in a family medicine practice or at a reproductive health specialty clinic . findings should reassure family physicians that medical abortion can be offered safely in their practices ."
2332,Abstract #2332,"thyroid eye disease ( TED ) , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) measurements are taken in both the primary and upgaze positions to elicit restrictive muscle disease . aim of this study was to assess whether the IOP when measured with the eyes in upgaze ( the Goldmann applanation tonometer [ GAT ] head applanating the inferior/peripheral cornea ) is similar when compared with the central corneal IOP in upgaze using the Tono-Pen XL . was measured with the GAT on the central cornea in primary gaze and on the inferior cornea in upgaze . was measured with the Tono-Pen XL in the central cornea in both primary gaze and upgaze . outcome measure was the difference in IOP readings between the GAT and the Tono-Pen XL for patients with restrictive TED . patients were included in the study ; 31 patients with restrictive TED and 21 control patients . the control group , there was no significant difference in Tono-Pen XL and GAT readings for both primary gaze and upgaze ( p = 0.99 ) . instruments detected an increase in IOP with upgaze in patients with restrictive TED compared with controls ( p = 0.0006 ) . was no significant difference between the 2 instruments ' readings in upgaze for patients with restrictive TED ( p = 0.39 ) . the GAT and the Tono-Pen XL can be used to establish IOP in patients with restrictive TED ."
2333,Abstract #2333,"results of laparoscopically assisted versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn 's disease were evaluated in a randomized trial . patients who underwent ileocolic resection between 1999 and 2003 were followed prospectively . outcomes were reoperation , readmission and repeat resection rates for recurrent Crohn 's disease . outcomes were quality of life ( QOL ) , body image and cosmesis . patients were lost to follow-up . follow-up was 6.7 ( interquartile range 5.7-7 .9 ) years . of 29 and 16 of 26 patients remained relapse free after ileocolic resection in the laparoscopic and open groups respectively ( risk difference 6 ( 95 per cent confidence interval - 20 to 32 ) per cent ) . of recurrent Crohn 's disease was necessary in two of 29 versus three of 26 patients ( risk difference 5 ( -11 to 20 ) per cent ) . reoperation rates for recurrent Crohn 's disease , incisional hernia and adhesion-related problems were two of 29 versus six of 26 ( risk difference 16 ( -3 to 35 ) per cent ) . was similar , whereas body image and cosmesis scores were significantly higher after laparoscopy ( P = 0.029 and P < 0.001 respectively ) . assisted ileocolic resection results in better body image and cosmesis , whereas open surgery is more likely to produce incisional hernia and obstruction ."
2334,Abstract #2334,"the lack of any scientific data , many ART programs split the daily gonadotropin dose during ovarian stimulation , while others give the entire dose during a single administration , usually at night . randomized . women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles at a single private ART center . administration once daily compared to twice daily . usage , clinical and ongoing PR RESULTS : There were 110 women in the once daily compared to 103 in the twice daily arm . cycles were blastocyst transfers . was a significantly lower FSH use in the once daily arm compared to the twice daily arm ( 1507.5517.5 IU vs. 1702.5622.5 , P = 0.015 ) , and a trend towards lower hMG use in the once daily arm ( 1342.5562.5 IU vs. 1462.5645.0 , P = 0.15 ) , without compromising clinical pregnancy rate ( PR ) ( 71.8 % vs. 70.9 % , P = NS ) or delivery/ongoing PR ( 58.2 % vs. 62.1 % , P = NS ) . were no differences in age , body mass index ( BMI ) , peak estradiol , peak progesterone , retrieved oocytes , fertilized oocytes , number of ET , or PR . daily administration is associated with lower gonadotropin usage without compromising success rates ."
2335,Abstract #2335,"is one of the most common surgical procedures throughout the world for children in otolaryngology . of the current indications for adenotonsillectomy is adenotonsillar hypertrophy causing Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ( OSA ) . choice of surgical tools and technique affects the outcome and morbidity due to adenotonsillectomy . assess the efficacy and safety of coblation adenotonsillectomy as compared to dissection method . evaluate the morbidity and to study complications associated with each procedure . prospective and comparative study of dissection and coblation method of adenotonsillectomy was conducted in our institute , Madras ENT Research Foundation , Chennai over a period of 6 months . cases of children with OSA age group between 5 and 12 years were randomly selected for each group and studied . of surgical procedure , blood loss , post operative pain , post operative reactionary and secondary bleeding was noted and compared . time was more in dissection method compared to coblation technique . dissection tonsillectomy was associated with greater blood loss than coblation tonsillectomy . operative pain was more in dissection method and it was less in coblation technique . operative bleeding in both the techniques were found to be minimal . conclude that the use of coblation for adenotonsillectomy may have several advantages over standard methods for the treatment of children with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea . is highly efficacious , practical and safe with less morbidity and less complications ."
2336,Abstract #2336,"is known about the association between abdominal obesity and insulin sensitivity during rapid weight loss . assessed the role of visceral and subcutaneous fat as determinants of insulin sensitivity during rapid weight loss in obese persons with the metabolic syndrome . abdominally obese individuals [ 11 women and 9 men , body mass index ( BMI ) 35.8 + / -3.5 kg/m2 ] with the metabolic syndrome underwent a very-low-calorie diet ( VLCD ) for nine weeks . baseline , the computed tomography ( CT ) measured area of total ( r = -0.50 , p = 0.033 ) and visceral fat tissue ( r = -0.48 , p = 0.043 ) , but not that of subcutaneous fat tissue ( r = -0.34 , p = 0.17 ) , correlated with insulin sensitivity as assessed by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index after adjusting for sex and age . 18 subjects who completed the study lost 14.8 kg during the VLCD . , visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue decreased by 22 % , 29 % and 17 % , respectively . decrease in total ( r = -0.51 , p = 0.035 ) and subcutaneous abdominal fat ( r = -0.57 , p = 0.017 ) , but not visceral fat ( r = 0.11 , p = 0.68 ) , correlated with the increase in insulin sensitivity . circumference did not offer any additional information concerning abdominal fat distribution or insulin sensitivity compared with that provided by BMI at baseline or after weight loss . waist/hip ratio was not associated with the CT measures of abdominal fat distribution or insulin sensitivity . abdominal fat may be more important than its compartmentalisation in abdominally obese individuals with the metabolic syndrome . this subgroup of individuals with obesity , the measurement of waist circumference and the waist/hip ratio offered little additional information over that provided by BMI at baseline or after weight loss ."
2337,Abstract #2337,"evaluate clinical therapeutic effect and the safety of pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation for treatment of acute herpes zoster . hundred and thirty cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group , 65 cases in each group . observation group was treated with pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation . , the affected parts were heavily taped with a plum-blossom needle and then cupping . the cup was removed , with the body surface-dividing field method , ultraviolet irradiation was given at the skin injury area and the nerve root area corresponding to paraspinal vertebra , and the control group was treated with Aciclovir and other western medicine . days constituted one course . therapeutic effects and adverse reactions were observed . treatment of 7 days , the cured rate of 76.9 % and the total effective rate of 90.8 % in the observation group were significantly higher than 38.5 % and 66.2 % in the control group , respectively ( both P < 0.01 ) ; the incidence rate of post herpetic neuralgia of 3.1 % in the observation group was significantly lower than 12.3 % in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) ; after treatment , the scores for pain , rash and sleep decreased significantly in the two groups ( all P < 0.01 ) , more significantly decreased in the observation group than in the control group ( P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 ) ; the pain-relieving time , herpes-stopping time , scab-forming time and the cured time in the cured patients of the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 ) . pricking blood therapy combined with ultraviolet irradiation has rapid therapeutic effect , effectively shortens duration of illness , decreases the incidence rate of post herpetic neuralgia and it is a safe remedy for treatment of herpes zoster ."
2338,Abstract #2338,"evaluate the short term efficacy of a community based physical therapy ( PT ) program for people with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) through a single blind randomized controlled trial . with active RA were referred by their physician for community based PT . were randomized to either an immediate intervention group [ experimental group ( EG ) ] or a wait list control group ( CG ) . intervention was a standardized program of education and exercise consisting of at least 4 visits or 3 h of PT over 6 weeks . , 6 , and 12 week assessments were by a blinded independent assessor . primary outcome instrument was the Stanford Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale ( SES ) and secondary outcome measures included the ACREU Rheumatoid Arthritis Knowledge Questionnaire ( KQ ) and visual analog scale for pain ( VAS ) . of morning stiffness , grip strength , and tender joint count were also collected at each assessment . analysis was conducted using analysis of variance . 150 eligible and randomized participants , 127 completed the study according to protocol . analysis showed no differences between the EG and CG for demographics , disease status , or other characteristics . the 6 week assessment , primary outcome analysis for those who completed the protocol identified a mean change ( improvement ) of 13.5 % in the EG and 5.8 % in the CG , representing a 7.7 % difference in change scores between the 2 groups [ F ( 1,121 ) = 6.03 ; p = 0.015 ] . statistically significant difference in change scores was also identified for the KQ [ F ( 1,120 ) = 6.67 ; p = 0.011 ] , but not for the VAS . status measures did not change , except for duration of morning stiffness , which improved by 68.8 min in the EG and 8.3 min in the CG ( F ( 1,121 ) = 4.50 ; p = 0.036 ] . hours of a community based PT intervention delivered over 6 weeks significantly improved self-efficacy , disease management knowledge and morning stiffness in people with RA ."
2339,Abstract #2339,"is evidence to suggest that Ledermix , placed as an intervisit root canal dressing , might improve periodontal healing after replantation of avulsed teeth . a part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial , we aimed to compare the effect of 2 root canal medicaments , Ledermix and Ultracal XS , on the discoloration of replanted teeth . was investigated by using 3 methods : patient satisfaction with the color of replanted teeth , clinical photographs taken at baseline and 12-month reviews , and estimation of color change by using CIELAB scores for baseline and 12-month photographs . patients ( 27 teeth ) were recruited . patients ( 12 teeth ) were randomized to the Ledermix group and 12 patients ( 15 teeth ) to the Ultracal XS group . 12 months , 8 patients were concerned with the discoloration of their teeth . came from the Ledermix group and 1 from the Ultracal XS group . difference was significant ( Fisher exact test , P = .009 ) . photographs were taken for the patients recruited at one center only ( 17 patients ) . was significant discoloration of teeth from baseline with Ledermix , causing a darkening and gray-brown discoloration ( mean change from baseline to 12 months , L = -5.1 , a = 0.3 , b = -1.2 , and E = 8.1 ) and Ultracal XS , causing a yellowing and lightening of teeth ( L = 1.9 , a = 0.3 , b = 3.3 , and E = 5.4 ) . was a significant difference for the L and b variables ( independent t test ) between the 2 groups . root canal medicaments cause discoloration , with Ledermix proving less acceptable to patients ."
2340,Abstract #2340,"this prospective , randomized , double-blind study , we compared the tibial and the peroneal evoked motor response with regard to efficacy of sciatic nerve block using the parasacral approach . ASA I-III patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgery were randomized to receive a parasacral sciatic block , using a nerve stimulator technique seeking either a tibial ( n = 14 ) or peroneal ( n = 12 ) motor response . the evoked motor response was obtained , a solution of 10 mL 2 % lidocaine with epinephrine and 10 mL 0.75 % ropivacaine ( actual final concentration of epinephrine , 1/160 ,000 ) was slowly injected through the needle . and motor blocks were assessed every 5 min for 30 min by an anesthesiologist blinded to the elicited motor response . the block was not complete 30 min after injection of the local anesthetics , it was considered as failed , and general anesthesia was supplemented . to perform the block and level of minimal and maximal stimulation were not different between groups . success rate of complete block was significantly higher in the tibial compared to the peroneal group ( 11 of 14 vs 2 of 12 ; P = 0.002 ) . a tibial motor response predicts a higher success rate than eliciting a peroneal motor response with parasacral sciatic nerve block ."
2341,Abstract #2341,"evaluate the clinical efficacy of capecitabine combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ( TACE ) for advanced liver cancer . patients with liver cancer were retrospectively divided into two groups : Treatment group , on the basis of TACE , 23 patients received oral capecitabine at 2500 mg/m ( 2 ) , twice-daily for 14 days followed by 7-day rest period and repeated in every three week intervals for more than two cycles . group , 26 patients received TACE only at 2-month intervals for at least two cycles . capecitabine and TACE group : there were 1 CR , 14 PR , 5 SD and 3 PD ; the overall response rate was 65.2 % ; the AFP and tumor reduction rates were 68.8 % and 73.9 % ; the median survival time was 11.9 months . the TACE only group : there were 0 CR , 7 PR , 12 SD and 7 PD ; the overall response rate was 26.9 % ; the AFP and tumor reduction rates were 31.6 % and 30.8 % ; the median survival time was 8.3 months . most common side-effects of capecitabine were hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea . combined with TACE is safe and effective for advanced liver cancer ."
2342,Abstract #2342,"delirium in elderly patients is a frequent complication and associated with poor outcome . aim of this parallel group study was to determine whether monitoring depth of anaesthesia influences the incidence of postoperative delirium . who were planned for surgery in general anaesthesia expected to last at least 60 min and who were older than 60 yr were included between March 2009 and May 2010 . total of 1277 patients of a consecutive sample were randomized ( n = 638 open , n = 639 blinded ) and the data of 1155 patients were analysed ( n = 575 open , n = 580 blinded ) . one group , the anaesthesiologists were allowed to use the bispectral index ( BIS ) data to guide anaesthesia , while in the other group , BIS monitoring was blinded . function was evaluated at baseline , 1 week , and 3 months after operation . incidence was lower in patients guided with BIS . delirium was detected in 95 patients ( 16.7 % ) in the intervention group compared with 124 patients ( 21.4 % ) in the control group ( P = 0.036 ) . a multivariate analysis , the percentage of episodes of deep anaesthesia ( BIS values < 20 ) were independently predictive for postoperative delirium ( P = 0.006 ; odds ratio 1.027 ) . monitoring did not alter the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( 7th day P = 0.062 ; 90th day P = 0.372 ) . neuromonitoring is associated with a lower incidence of delirium , possibly by reducing extreme low BIS values . , in high-risk surgical patients , this may give the anaesthesiologist a possibility to influence one precipitating factor in the complex genesis of delirium . trial registration ISRCTN Register : 36437985 . ."
2343,Abstract #2343,"low-dose interferon ( IFN ) alfa-2b and pegylated interferon ( Peg-IFN ) alfa-2b have been shown to be superior to observation in the adjuvant treatment of melanoma without macrometastatic nodes , but have never been directly compared . facilitates prolongation of treatment , which could provide additional benefit . multicentre , open-label , randomised , phase 3 trial compared standard low-dose interferon IFN and prolonged treatment with Peg-IFN . with resected melanoma 1.5 mm thick and without clinically detectable node metastases were randomised 1:1 to treatment with IFN 3 MU subcutaneously ( SC ) three times weekly for 18 months or Peg-IFN 100 g SC once weekly for 36 months . lymph node dissection ( SLND ) was optional . primary endpoint was disease-free survival ( DFS ) . endpoints included distant metastasis-free survival ( DMFS ) , overall survival ( OS ) and adverse events ( AEs ) grade 3-4 . 898 patients enrolled , 896 ( 443 Peg-IFN , 453 IFN ) were eligible for evaluation ( median follow-up 4.7 years ) . was performed in 68.2 % of patients . were no statistical differences between the two arms for the primary outcome of DFS ( hazard ratio [ HR ] 0.91 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.73-1 .15 ) or the secondary outcomes of DMFS ( HR 1.02 , 95 % CI 0.80-1 .32 ) and OS ( HR 1.09 , 95 % CI 0.82-1 .45 ) . was associated with higher rates of grade 3-4 AEs ( 47.3 % versus 25.2 % ; p < 0.0001 ) and discontinuations ( 54.3 % versus 30.4 % ) compared with IFN . trial did not show superiority for adjuvant Peg-IFN over conventional low-dose IFN in melanoma patients without clinically detectable nodes . identifier : NCT00221702 ."
2344,Abstract #2344,"evaluate the prevalence and severity of steatosis and possible interactions between steatosis , host factors , viral factors , and treatment for HIV infection in HIV-hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) coinfected patients . was assessed among 395 HIV-HCV coinfected patients who were enrolled in the ANRS trial HC02 Ribavic and for whom histological data were available . was graded as follows : 0 ( none ) ; 1 ( < 30 % hepatocytes containing fat ) ; 2 ( 30-70 % ) ; 3 ( > 70 % ) . was present in 241 patients ( 61 % ) , of whom 149 ( 38 % ) had grade 1 , 64 ( 16 % ) grade 2 and 28 ( 7 % ) grade 3 . multivariate analysis , the following five independent risk factors were associated with steatosis : HCV genotype 3 [ odds ratio ( OR ) , 3.02 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 1.91-4 .79 ; P < 0.0001 ] , the mean METAVIR fibrosis score ( OR , 1.43 ; 95 % CI , 1.11-1 .84 ; P = 0.0053 ) , the body mass index ( BMI ; OR , 1.13 ; 95 % CI , 1.05-1 .21 ; P = 0.0013 ) , HCV viral load ( OR . ; 95 % CI , 1.22-2 .23 ; P = 0.0012 ) and ferritin ( OR , 1.13 ; 95 % CI , 1.06-1 .21 ; P < 0.0003 ) . HCV genotype 3 was a risk factor for steatosis , further exploratory analyses were stratified according to the HCV genotype ( 1 and 3 ) . independently associated with steatosis were BMI and HCV viral load in patients with HCV genotype 3 infection and the mean METAVIR fibrosis score , the BMI and ferritin in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection . is particularly frequent in HIV-HCV coinfected patients , who appear to have the same risk factors for steatosis as HCV monoinfected patients . of the characteristics of HIV infection , including antiretroviral therapy , was independently associated with steatosis ."
2345,Abstract #2345,"determine whether dose-specified botulinum toxin type A ( BTX-A ) and a standardized exercise protocol produce better upper extremity function than placebo and the same exercise program . randomized trial . rehabilitation research center . convenience sample of patients ( N = 25 , age range , 23-76 y ) who sustained a stroke 3 to 24 months previously but could initiate wrist extension . were randomly selected to receive either BTX-A ( maximum 300 U ) or saline , followed by 12 to 16 exercise sessions . primary outcome was the Wolf Motor Function Test ( WMFT ) . outcome measures included the Modified Ashworth Scale ( MAS ) , active range of motion , and the Stroke Impact Scale ( SIS ; quality of life ) . were no group-by-time interactions for changes in the WMFT and no treatment difference ( P = .86 ) , although the BTX-A group could complete more tasks governing proximal joint motions . scores improved for the BTX-A group and worsened for the control group after injection ( P = .02 ) , as did the SIS emotion domain ( P = .035 ) . chronic stroke survivors , BTX-A did not impact function , movement , or tone more than a standardized exercise program ."
2346,Abstract #2346,"of malaria parasites to chloroquine ( CQ ) and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine ( SP ) is increasing in prevalence in Africa . therapy can both improve treatment and provide important public health benefits if it curbs the spread of parasites harbouring resistance genes . , drug combinations must be identified which minimise gametocyte emergence in treated cases , and so prevent selective transmission of parasites resistant to any of the partner drugs . a randomised controlled trial , 497 children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were treated with CQ and SP ( three doses and one dose respectively ; n = 91 ) , or six doses of artemether in fixed combination with lumefantrine ( co-artemether [ Coartem , Riamet ] ) ( n = 406 ) . rates of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and trophozoites were measured 7 , 14 , and 28 d after treatment . infectiousness of venous blood from 29 children carrying P. falciparum gametocytes 7 d after treatment was tested by membrane-feeding of Anopheles mosquitoes . treated with co-artemether were significantly less likely to carry gametocytes within the 4 weeks following treatment than those receiving CQ/SP ( 30 of 378 [ 7.94 % ] versus 42 of 86 [ 48.8 % ] ; p < 0.0001 ) . in the co-artemether group harboured gametocytes at significantly lower densities , for shorter periods ( 0.3 d versus 4.2 d ; p < 0.0001 ) and were less infectious to mosquitoes at day 7 ( p < 0.001 ) than carriers who had received CQ/SP . is highly effective at preventing post-treatment transmission of P. falciparum . results suggest that co-artemether has specific activity against immature sequestered gametocytes , and has the capacity to minimise transmission of drug-resistant parasites ."
2347,Abstract #2347,"determine the effects of experimentally induced synovitis of the radiocarpal joint on the intra-articular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amikacin after intravenous regional limb perfusion ( IVRLP ) . crossover experimental design . horses ( n = 8 ) . were randomly assigned into 2 trials : synovitis and no-synovitis . joint synovitis was induced with lipopolysaccharide 6 hours before IVRLP . ( 5-mg/kg amikacin qs 60 mL ) was performed with a pneumatic tourniquet under general anesthesia . fluid was obtained before and 0.5 , 1 , 3 , 5 , 12 , 24 , 48 hours after IVRLP . concentrations at each time point and pharmacokinetic values were compared between synovitis and no-synovitis trials with Student 's t-test . synovial fluid concentrations indicated suspected tourniquet failure on 3 occasions ( 2 synovitis , 1 no-synovitis ) on 3 different horses . from both trials in these 3 horses were excluded from further analysis . time to maximal concentration ( T ( max ) ; mean SD = 54 13.42 min ) was reached earlier in synovitis joints ( 5/5 , 30 min ) than in no-synovitis joints ( 1/5 , 30 min and 4/5 , 1 h ; P = .0476 ) ( P = .0161 ) . observed maximal concentration ( C ( max ) ) was higher in synovitis joints ( 144.48 43.17 g/mL ) than in no-synovitis joints ( 60.02 28.81 g/mL ; P = .0301 ) . recommended C ( max ) : minimum inhibitory concentration ratio of 8 was achieved in 3/5 of the successfully perfused joints with induced synovitis , but this ratio was not achieved in any of the clinically normal joints . of the radiocarpal joint resulted in an earlier observed T ( max ) and higher observed C ( max ) of intra-articular amikacin after IVRLP compared with normal joints ."
2348,Abstract #2348,"investigate the effectiveness and side effects of oral versus pulse cyclophosphamide ( CYC ) in combination with corticosteroids ( CS ) in the treatment of systemic Wegener 's granulomatosis ( WG ) . with newly diagnosed systemic WG were enrolled in a prospective , randomized trial . the time of diagnosis , prior to randomization , every patient received a daily injection of methylprednisolone for 3 days , followed by daily oral prednisone ( 1 mg/kg/day ) and a 0.7-gm / m2 pulse of CYC . were then randomly assigned to receive either prednisone plus intravenous pulse CYC ( group A ) or prednisone plus oral CYC ( group B ) as first-line treatment . was given for at least 1 year and was then progressively tapered and discontinued . patients were included in the study : 27 in group A and 23 in group B. 6 months , 24 group A patients ( 88.9 % ) were in remission , versus 18 group B patients ( 78.3 % ) . the end of the trial , 18 group A patients ( 66.7 % ) and 13 group B patients ( 56.5 % ) were in remission . group A , 66.7 % of the patients experienced side effects , versus 69.6 % in group B. Infectious side effects were significantly more frequent in group B ( 69.6 % ) than in group A ( 40.7 % ) ( P < 0.05 ) . incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was higher in oral CYC-treated patients ( 30.4 % ) than in pulse CYC-treated patients ( 11.1 % ) . group A patients ( 33.3 % ) and 10 group B patients ( 43.5 % ) died . curves showed that relapses were significantly more frequent in group A ( 59.2 % ) than in group B ( 13 % ) ( P = 0.02 ) . results indicate that pulse CYC is as effective as oral CYC in achieving initial remission of WG and is associated with fewer side effects and lower mortality . , in the long term , treatment with pulse CYC does not maintain remission or prevent relapses as well as oral CYC ."
2349,Abstract #2349,"investigate the efficiency and safety of alcohol sclerotherapy of Bartholin 's cyst or abscess by comparing it with silver nitrate insertion . patients with unilateral Bartholin 's cyst or abscess were randomized into one of the treatment groups according to diameter of cyst or abscess . I consisted of 12 patients who were treated with alcohol sclerotherapy and Group II included 10 patients who were treated with silver nitrate insertion . both groups , treatments were conducted under local anesthesia and in an outpatient setting . patients were checked for morbidity of operations every 3 days until complete healing was observed and then followed up monthly for over 24 months . mean duration of procedure was 7 + / -2 min in group I and 15 + / -3 min in group II . time was 4.8 + / -1.3 days in group I and 9.2 + / -2.5 days in group II . group I although 10 patients showed complete healing without any early or late morbidity ; two patients suffered from severe vulval pain , edema and echymosis , and then developed a total cyst necrosis . in these patients completed with mild scar formation . one recurrence was documented during 24 months follow-up period . patients in group II complained labial pain , four of them suffered from severe labial pain , edema , and echymosis . in these patients was completed with moderate scar formation . of 24 months revealed no recurrence in this group . sclerotherapy of Bartholin 's cyst or abscess is as effective as silver nitrate application and is associated with less complication . may be ideal , safe and attractive treatment modality for this gynecological disease ."
2350,Abstract #2350,"test the hypothesis that the appropriateness of parents ' use of early follow-up care after emergency department ( ED ) visits can be improved by postvisit support from a nurse practitioner . controlled trial , single blinded . university hospital ED linked to hospital 's primary care center . of 190 children younger than 8 years who sought care in the ED for acute illnesses and who were treated as outpatients with primary care center follow-up at the discretion of ED clinicians . in the experimental group were called by a nurse practitioner who offered both individualized guidance regarding follow-up and access to a nurse practitioner for further help as needed . control group received `` usual '' follow-up advice during ED visits . the week after the ED visits , parents in the experimental group , compared with parents in the control group , were more compliant with instructions regarding follow-up ( 79 % vs 61 % ) , less apt to miss appointments ( 15 % vs 31 % ) , and less apt to `` shop '' elsewhere for care ( 2 % vs 9 % ) . of follow-up was assessed in `` blinded '' fashion using preestablished guidelines . use of follow-up care was significantly reduced among experimental group subjects ( 10 % vs 20 % ) . nurse practitioner 's intervention improved parents ' use of follow-up care in our sample . care for episodic ED users might be improved by similar interventions ."
2351,Abstract #2351,"predictive spatial cueing studies , reaction times ( RT ) are shorter for targets appearing at cued locations ( valid trials ) than at other locations ( invalid trials ) . increase in the amplitude of early P1 and/or N1 event-related potential ( ERP ) components is also present for items appearing at cued locations , reflecting early attentional sensory gain control mechanisms . , it is still unknown at which stage in the processing stream these early amplitude effects are translated into latency effects . , we measured the latency of two ERP components , the N2pc and the sustained posterior contralateral negativity ( SPCN ) , to evaluate whether visual selection ( as indexed by the N2pc ) and visual-short term memory processes ( as indexed by the SPCN ) are delayed in invalid trials compared to valid trials . P1 was larger contralateral to the cued side , indicating that attention was deployed to the cued location prior to the target onset . these early amplitude effects , the N2pc onset latency was unaffected by cue validity , indicating an express , quasi-instantaneous re-engagement of attention in invalid trials . contrast , latency effects were observed for the SPCN , and these were correlated to the RT effect . show that latency differences that could explain the RT cueing effects must occur after visual selection processes giving rise to the N2pc , but at or before transfer in visual short-term memory , as reflected by the SPCN , at least in discrimination tasks in which the target is presented concurrently with at least one distractor . that the SPCN was previously associated to conscious report , these results further show that entry into consciousness is delayed following invalid cues ."
2352,Abstract #2352,"with hydroxyethyl starch ( HES ) in children is limited . study was conducted to observe the effects of HES or Ringer 's lactate ( RL ) usage as the priming solution on renal functions in children undergoing cardiac surgery . ethical committee approval and parent informed consent , 24 patients were included in this prospective , randomized study . cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) , Group I received RL and Group II received HES ( 130/0 .4 ) as priming solution . creatinine , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , 2-microglobulin , cystatin C , and urinary albumin and creatinine , serum , and urine electrolytes were analyzed after the induction ( T1 ) , before CPB ( T2 ) , during CPB ( T3 ) , after CPB ( T4 ) , at the end of the operation ( T5 ) , on 24th hour ( T6 ) , and on 48th hour postoperatively ( T7 ) . sodium excretion ( FENa ) , urinary albumin/creatinine ratio , and creatinine clearance were calculated . , urine output , inotropes , diuretics , and blood requirements were recorded . both the groups , 2-microglobulin was decreased during CPB and cystatin C was decreased at T3 , T4 , and T5 periods ( p < 0.05 ) and the levels remained within the normal range . clearance did not differ in the HES group , but increased in the RL group ( p < 0.05 ) . albumin/creatinine ratio was increased ( p < 0.05 ) after CPB in the HES group , and it increased at T3 , T4 , and T5 in the RL group ( p < 0.05 ) . were no differences in cystatin C , 2-microglobulin , FENa , urine albumin/creatinine ratio , creatinine clearance , total fluid amount , urine output , drainage , and inotropic and diuretic requirements between the groups . conclude that usage of HES ( 130/0 .4 ) did not have negative effects on renal function , and it can be used as a priming solution in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery ."
2353,Abstract #2353,"investigate and compare the effects of superelastic nickel-titanium and multistranded stainless steel archwires on pain during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment . double-blind two-arm parallel design stratified randomized clinical trial . single centre in India between December 2010 and June 2012 . total of 96 participants ( 48 male and 48 females ; 14.12.1 years old ) were randomized ( stratified on age , sex and initial crowding ) to superelastic nickel-titanium or multistranded stainless steel archwire groups using a computer-generated allocation sequence . compared 0.016-inch superelastic nickel-titanium and 0.0175-inch multistranded stainless steel wires in 0.022-inch slot ( Roth prescription ) preadjusted edgewise appliances . follow-up period was 14 days . was assessed with a visual analogue scale at baseline and 32 pre-specified follow-up points . was analyzed using mixed-effects model analysis . participant was lost to follow up and 10 were excluded from the analysis due to bond failure or incomplete questionnaire answers . , 85 participants ( 42 males and 43 females ; 14.12.0 years old ) were analysed for the final results . statistically significant difference was found for overall pain [ F value = 2.65 , degrees of freedom ( df ) = 92.6 ; P = 0.1071 ] . , compared to multistranded stainless steel wires , pain in subjects with superelastic nickel-titanium archwires was significantly greater at 12 h ( t = 2.34 ; P = 0.0193 ) , as well as at day 1 in the morning ( t = 2.21 , P = 0.0273 ) , afternoon ( t = 2.11 , P = 0.0346 ) and at bedtime ( t = 2.03 , P = 0.042 ) . overall pain , there was no statistically significant difference between the two wires . , subjects with superelastic nickel-titanium archwires had a significantly higher pain at peak level ."
2354,Abstract #2354,"observe the clinical efficacy of tetrandrine combined with acetylcysteine effervescent tablets in the treatment of silicosis . total of 96 patients with silicosis were randomly divided into treatment group ( 49 cases ) and control group ( 47 cases ) . groups were given routine therapy including anti-inflammatory , antitussive , and antiasthmatic drugs , and the patients in treatment group were given tetrandrine combined with acetylcysteine effervescent tablets at the same time . ( 100 mg ) was orally administrated twice a day , and there was a one-day interval between every 6 days ' continuous administration ; totally , there were four courses of treatment , with 3 months for each course , and there was a one-month break between each course . effervescent tablets ( 600 mg ) were taken twice a day ; each course of treatment was 12 days , and there were four courses ; for the first two months , there was one course per month , and then one course every other two months for the rest of time . symptoms , pulmonary ventilation function , serum superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and changes in X-ray findings were observed . treatment , the treatment group had significantly increased rates of improvements in cough , expectoration , chest congestion and pain , and dyspnea compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . with the control group ( serum SOD level : 70.46620.261 U/ml ) and the treatment group before therapy ( serum SOD level : 68.18221.414 U/ml ) , the treatment group after therapy had significantly increased serum SOD level ( 77.38921.315 U/ml ? forced vital capacity , and forced expiratory volume in one second ( P < 0.05 ) . patients in treatment group showed improvement in the chest X-ray findings of silicosis . combination of tetrandrine and acetylcysteine effervescent tablets show some effect in the treatment of silicosis . can be an effective option for treating silicosis as there are no other specific remedies ."
2355,Abstract #2355,"acne is androgen dependent , antiandrogen therapy might improve the condition . acetate ( RU 882 ) is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen that binds to the androgen receptor and has antiandrogenic activity in animal models . test its topical effect on acne , 126 male subjects with facial acne completed a 16-week , multi-center , double-blind study in which the twice-daily application of a 10 % solution of inocoterone was compared with vehicle solution . and monthly examinations included acne lesion counts and general and endocrine laboratory tests . papules and pustules showed greater reduction in the inocoterone-treated subjects than in the subjects treated with vehicle . difference achieved statistical significance by week 12 ( 24 % reduction vs 10 % ) and week 16 ( 26 % reduction vs 13 % ) and , with longitudinal analysis , throughout the course of the study . assessments and changes in comedo counts and sebum excretion rates were not significantly different between the groups . serious adverse reactions were encountered . this double-blind study of 126 male subjects with acne , a topical solution of the antiandrogen inocoterone , compared with vehicle , produced a modest but statistically significant reduction in the number of inflammatory acne lesions ."
2356,Abstract #2356,"study sought to assess whether the long-term addition of trimetazidine to conventional treatment could improve functional class , exercise tolerance , and left ventricular function in patients with heart failure ( HF ) . small studies have shown that trimetazidine may be beneficial in terms of left ventricular function preservation and control of symptoms in patients with post-ischemic HF . patients with HF were randomly allocated in an open-label fashion to either conventional therapy plus trimetazidine ( 20 mg three times daily ) ( 28 patients ) or conventional therapy alone ( 27 patients ) . follow-up was 13 + / - 3 months . study entry and at follow-up , all patients underwent exercise testing and two-dimensional echocardiography . the others , New York Heart Association ( NYHA ) functional class and ejection fraction ( EF ) were evaluated . the trimetazidine group , NYHA functional class significantly improved compared with the conventional therapy group ( p < 0.0001 ) . with trimetazidine significantly decreased left ventricular end-systolic volume ( from 98 + / - 36 ml to 81 + / - 27 ml , p = 0.04 ) and increased EF from 36 + / - 7 % to 43 + / - 10 % ( p = 0.002 ) . the contrary , in the conventional therapy group , both left ventricular end-diastolic and - systolic volumes increased from 142 + / - 43 ml to 156 + / - 63 ml , p = 0.2 , and from 86 + / - 34 ml to 104 + / - 52 ml , p = 0.1 , respectively ; accordingly , EF significantly decreased from 38 + / - 7 % to 34 + / - 7 % ( p = 0.02 ) . conclusion , long-term trimetazidine improves functional class and left ventricular function in patients with HF . benefit contrasts with the natural history of the disease , as shown by the decrease of EF in patients on standard HF therapy alone ."
2357,Abstract #2357,"evaluate the curative effect and safety of Bushen Qiangji Decoction ( BQD ) and Qingre Qiangji Decoction ( QQD ) in treating ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) patients , and to verify the clinical utility of AS syndrome differentiation and treatment scheme [ Shen-deficiency induced stasis obstruction syndrome ( SDISOS ) and dampness-heat obstruction syndrome ( DHOS ) being two basic syndrome types , Shen invigorating blood activating method ( SIBAM ) and heat clearing dampness resolving method ( HCDRM ) being two basic treatment methods ] . 354 AS patients of SDISOS and DHOS were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group using a multi-center randomized , positive drug parallel-controlled clinical trail . in treatment group were treated by BQD or QQD according to syndrome typing , while those in the control group took Sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablet ( SECT ) , 24 weeks as one therapeutic course . treatment , the clinical efficacy was evaluated by using ASAS20 standard ( set by Asessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis working group ) , Chinese medical efficacy evaluation standards , and BASDAI , BASFI , BASMI , night-pain index , spinal pain index , PGA , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) . 24 weeks of treatment by BQD or QQD , ASAS20 standard rate was 86.75 % in the treatment group , and the total effective rate of Chinese medical syndrome was 85.47 % . could significantly reduce patients ' integrals of Chinese medical syndrome , BASDAI , BASFI , BASMI , night-pain index , spinal pain index , and PGA ( all P < 0.01 ) . and BQD got confirmable clinical effects in treating AS , providing strong evidence of evidence-based medicine for syndrome differentiation and treatment of AS ."
2358,Abstract #2358,"nephropathy ( CIN ) is one of the major causes of new-onset renal failure in hospitalized patients . renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS ) blocking agents are widely used among patients requiring contrast studies , data on the effect of these agents on the development of CIN are sparse and inconsistent . evaluate in a randomized controlled trial whether uninterrupted administration of angiotensin II ( AnglI ) blockade medications influence estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ) in patients undergoing non-emergent coronary angiography . receiving treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers ( ACE-I/ARB ) were recruited consecutively . enrolled subjects were randomized into three groups at a 1:1:1 ratio : group A ( ACE/ARB stopped 24 hours prior to the procedure and restarted immediately after the procedure ) , group B ( ACE/ARB stopped 24 hours prior to the procedure and restarted 24 hours after the procedure ) , and group C ( ACE/ARB continued throughout the study period ) . creatinine was measured and eGFR was calculated according to the Cockroft-Gault equation before and 48 hours after the coronary angiography . primary endpoint was a change in eGFR at 48 hours . A , B and C comprised 30 , 31 and 33 patients respectively . mean age of the study population was 65 + / - 12 years and 67 % were males . percent of the subjects had diabetes mellitus . primary endpoint analysis showed that at 48 hours after the procedure there was no difference in delta eGFR between groups A and C ( 4.25 + / - 12.19 vs. 4.65 + / - 11.76 , P = 0.90 ) and groups B and C ( 3.72 + / - 17.42 vs. 4.65 + / - 11.76 , P = 0.82 ) . post-hoc analysis the patients were clustered according to the following groups : medical alternation ( group A and B ) versus control ( group C ) , and to baseline eGFR > or = 60 ml/min vs. eGFR ( < 60 ml/min . patients with baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min the delta eGFR ( baseline eGFR-eGFR 48 hours post-angiography ) was significantly different between the intervention vs. control group ( median 5.61 vs. median -2.19 , P = 0.03 respectively ) . in patients with baseline eGFR > or = 60 ml/min there was no significant difference in delta eGFR between the intervention and control groups . and ARB can safely be used before and after coronary angiography in patients with eGFR > or = 60 ml/min ."
2359,Abstract #2359,"studies have shown that eccentric training has a positive effect on chronic Achilles tendinopathy . new strategy for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy is the AirHeel brace . brace treatment improves the clinical outcome of patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy . combination of the AirHeel brace and an eccentric training program has a synergistic effect . controlled clinical trial ; Level of evidence , 1 . hundred patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups : ( 1 ) eccentric training , ( 2 ) AirHeel brace , and ( 3 ) combination of eccentric training and AirHeel brace . were evaluated at 6 , 12 , and 54 weeks after the beginning of the treatment protocol with ultrasonography , visual analog scale ( VAS ) for pain , American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ( AOFAS ) ankle score , and Short Form-36 ( SF-36 ) . VAS score for pain , AOFAS score , and SF-36 improved significantly in all 3 groups at all 3 follow-up examinations . the 3 time points ( 6 weeks , 12 weeks , and 54 weeks ) of follow-up , there was no significant difference between all 3 treatment groups . all 3 groups , there was no significant difference in tendon thickness after treatment . AirHeel brace is as effective as eccentric training in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy . is no synergistic effect when both treatment strategies are combined . AirHeel brace is an alternative treatment option for chronic Achilles tendinopathy ."
2360,Abstract #2360,"purpose of this study was to determine whether maraviroc , a human CC chemokine receptor 5 ( CCR5 ) antagonist , is safe and effective in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) in patients on background methotrexate ( MTX ) . phase IIa study comprised two distinct components : an open-label safety study of the pharmacokinetics ( PK ) of MTX in the presence of maraviroc , and a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , proof-of-concept ( POC ) component . the PK component , patients were randomized 1:1 to receive maraviroc 150 or 300 mg twice daily ( BID ) for four weeks . the POC component , patients were randomized 2:1 to receive maraviroc 300 mg BID or placebo for 12 weeks . were not eligible for inclusion in both components . patients were treated in the safety/PK component . was well tolerated and there was no evidence of drug-drug interaction with MTX . hundred ten patients were treated in the POC component . study was terminated after the planned interim futility analysis due to lack of efficacy , at which time 59 patients ( 38 maraviroc ; 21 placebo ) had completed their week 12 visit . was no significant difference in the number of ACR20 responders between the maraviroc ( 23.7 % ) and placebo ( 23.8 % ) groups ( treatment difference -0.13 % ; 90 % CI -20.45 , 17.70 ; P = 0.504 ) . most common all-causality treatment-emergent adverse events in the maraviroc group were constipation ( 7.8 % ) , nausea ( 5.2 % ) , and fatigue ( 3.9 % ) . was generally well tolerated over 12 weeks ; however , selective antagonism of CCR5 with maraviroc 300 mg BID failed to improve signs and symptoms in patients with active RA on background MTX . : NCT00427934 ."
2361,Abstract #2361,"pain management remains a challenge for adolescents during conscious burn wound care procedures . reality ( VR ) shows promise as a non-pharmacological adjunct in reducing pain . study assessed off-the-shelf VR for ( 1 ) its effect on reducing acute pain intensity during adolescent burn wound care , and ( 2 ) its clinical utility in a busy hospital setting . adolescents ( 11-17 years ) participated in this prospective randomized controlled trial . pain outcomes including adolescent self-report , nursing staff behavioral observation , caregiver observation and physiological measures were collected . of procedure times and adolescent reactions were also recorded to inform clinical utility . staff reported a statistically significant reduction in pain scores during dressing removal , and significantly less rescue doses of Entonox given to those receiving VR , compared to those receiving standard distraction . all other pain outcomes and length of treatment , there was a trend for lower pain scores and treatment times for those receiving VR , but these differences were not statistically significant . only minimal pain reduction achieved using off-the-shelf VR , other results from this trial and previous research on younger children with burns suggest a customized , adolescent and hospital friendly device may be more effective in pain reduction ."
2362,Abstract #2362,"research has demonstrated that patients with prostate cancer participating in the Prostate Cancer Lifestyle Trial had a reduction in prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) levels , inhibition of LNCaP cell growth , and fewer prostate cancer-related clinical events at the end of 1 year compared with controls . aim of this study was to examine the clinical events in this trial during a 2-year period . Prostate Cancer Lifestyle Trial was a 1-year randomized controlled clinical trial of 93 patients with early-stage prostate cancer ( Gleason score < 7 , PSA 4-10 ng/mL ) undergoing active surveillance . patients in the experimental arm were encouraged to adopt a low-fat , plant-based diet , to exercise and practice stress management , and to attend group support sessions . control patients received the usual care . 2 years of follow-up , 13 of 49 ( 27 % ) control patients and 2 of 43 ( 5 % ) experimental patients had undergone conventional prostate cancer treatment ( radical prostatectomy , radiotherapy , or androgen deprivation , P < .05 ) . differences were found between the groups in other clinical events ( eg , cardiac ) , and no deaths occurred . of the treated control patients but none of the treated experimental patients had a PSA level of > or = 10 ng/mL , and 1 treated control patient but no treated experimental patients had a PSA velocity of > 2 ng/mL/y before treatment . significant differences were found between the untreated experimental and untreated control patients in PSA change or velocity at the end of 2 years . with early-stage prostate cancer choosing active surveillance might be able to avoid or delay conventional treatment for at least 2 years by making changes in their diet and lifestyle ."
2363,Abstract #2363,", we showed that high-dose early initiated inhaled corticosteroids during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis partially and transiently prevents subsequent recurrent wheeze . , we study treatment effect on lung function at age 6 . is a 6-year follow-up report of a randomized placebo-controlled trial , in which 185 infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis were treated with early initiated , high-dose inhaled beclomethasone ( n = 86 ) or placebo ( n = 99 ) for 3 months . primary outcome was forced expiratory volume in 1 second as percentage predicted . outcomes were bronchial hyperresponsiveness , physician-diagnosed asthma , hay fever and eczema . toxicity was assessed by linear growth measurements . age 6 , no significant differences were found in mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage predicted between beclomethasone-treated and placebo-treated patients ( 91.4 vs. 93.4 , mean difference 2.05 ( 95 % confidence interval : -1.98 to 6.08 ) . proportion of bronchial hyperresponsiveness , physician-diagnosed asthma , parent reported hay fever and eczema was comparable between groups . were no differences in linear growth . initiated prolonged treatment with high-dose inhaled beclomethasone during hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection during infancy did not improve the long-term respiratory outcome , but was safe ."
2364,Abstract #2364,"reliability and validity of various Objective Structured Clinical Examinations ( OSCEs ) have been well documented in the medical and nursing literature . purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exam preparation methods on student performance and student satisfaction for an OSCE used to assess doctoral physical therapist students . physical therapist students from two post-professional physical therapist programs were randomized to a rubric exam preparation group and a nonrubric exam preparation group for a musculoskeletal OSCE . OSCE was a midterm practical exam for a peripheral joint musculoskeletal course . completion of the exam , all students completed a post-exam satisfaction survey . results of the 2 x 2 ANCOVA that examined performance and satisfaction on the OSCE indicated a significant interaction between the group assignment and program , p < 0.028 , for performance , and that satisfaction scores between the rubric and nonrubric groups and program were not significant for any of the questions asked on the post-examination survey . the reported benefit of utilizing rubrics , the findings of this study did not show a difference in student performance or satisfaction when using a rubric to prepare for an OSCE ."
2365,Abstract #2365,"of randomized treatment trials for laryngopharyngeal reflux ( LPR ) are mixed . cause and effect between gastroesophageal reflux and laryngeal symptoms remain elusive . determine the efficacy of single-dose pantoprazole in newly diagnosed LPR and to correlate hypopharyngeal reflux with symptom improvement . , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was performed with a 2-wk run-in , 12-wk treatment period ( pantoprazole 40 mg q.a.m. or placebo ) , and 4-wk follow-up . criteria were laryngeal complaints > 3 days/wk and a positive triple-sensor pH test . exam was graded using a reflux finding score before and after treatment . pH test was performed on study drug at week 12 . diaries were kept on symptom severity and global assessment . laryngeal symptom score was defined as the sum of six laryngeal symptoms . U , Wilcoxon , and Pearson tests were used . subjects ( 13 M/26 F , median age 39 yr ) were randomized ; 35 completed the study . the treatment period , total laryngeal symptom scores significantly improved compared with pretreatment scores in both study groups , but there were no significant differences between them . percent of pantoprazole group reported adequate relief at week 12 , compared with 42 % of placebo group ( p = 0.89 ) . significant improvement in hypopharyngeal reflux was found in either study group . were no significant correlations between laryngeal reflux finding scores and hypopharyngeal reflux episodes with symptom improvement . was similar between single-dose pantoprazole and placebo in newly diagnosed LPR . results suggested that laryngeal exam was not useful in following treatment response . reflux may represent acid reflux or artifacts , but is not likely the underlying cause ."
2366,Abstract #2366,"participants in randomized controlled trials often have better outcomes than patients who are eligible but not enrolled . examine whether newborn infants who were allocated to placebo in an investigational drug trial had better outcomes than infants who were eligible but not randomized ( eligible NR ) . a randomized controlled trial of antithrombin therapy in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome , data were collected prospectively on all 76 infants in the eligible NR group . outcomes were compared with those of all 61 infants who were randomized to placebo . same exogenous surfactant was used in all patients . the placebo group the mean ( SD ) birth weight was 1201 ( 314 ) g , mean ( SD ) gestational age was 28.8 ( 2.3 ) weeks , and 51 % were male . infants in the eligible NR group , mean ( SD ) birth weight was 1141 ( 262 ) g , mean ( SD ) gestational age was 28.3 ( 2.3 ) weeks , and 58 % were male ; 57 % of infants in both groups had been exposed to steroids before birth . median duration of mechanical ventilation was reduced from 6.2 days in the eligible NR group to 4.8 days in the placebo group ( P = .008 ) . was also a trend toward less frequent and less severe intraventricular hemorrhage in trial participants . data are consistent with the hypothesis that sick newborn infants may benefit from participation in a randomized controlled trial ."
2367,Abstract #2367,"incomplete spinal cord injury ( iSCI ) , sensorimotor impairments result in severe limitations to ambulation . improve walking capacity , physical therapies using robotic-assisted locomotor devices , such as the Lokomat , have been developed . locomotor training , an improvement in gait capabilities-characterized by increases in the over-ground walking speed and endurance-is generally observed in patients . better understand the mechanisms underlying these improvements , we studied the effects of Lokomat training on impaired ankle voluntary movement , known to be an important limiting factor in gait for iSCI patients . chronic iSCI subjects performed twelve 1-hour sessions of Lokomat training over the course of a month . voluntary movement was qualified by measuring active range of motion , maximal velocity peak and trajectory smoothness for the spastic ankle during a movement from full plantar-flexion ( PF ) to full dorsi-flexion ( DF ) at the patient 's maximum speed . - and plantar-flexor muscle strength was quantified by isometric maximal voluntary contraction ( MVC ) . assessments were also performed using the Timed Up and Go ( TUG ) , the 10-meter walk ( 10MWT ) and the 6-minute walk ( 6MWT ) tests . evaluations were performed both before and after the training and were compared to a control group of fifteen iSCI patients . the Lokomat training , the active range of motion , the maximal velocity , and the movement smoothness were significantly improved in the voluntary movement . also exhibited an improvement in the MVC for their ankle dorsi - and plantar-flexor muscles . terms of functional activity , we observed an enhancement in the mobility ( TUG ) and the over-ground gait velocity ( 10MWT ) with training . tests indicated a significant relationship between ankle voluntary movement performance and the walking clinical assessments . improvements of the kinematic and kinetic parameters of the ankle voluntary movement , and their correlation with the functional assessments , support the therapeutic effect of robotic-assisted locomotor training on motor impairment in chronic iSCI ."
2368,Abstract #2368,"hypotension occurs frequently in older people and may result in syncope and falls . has recently been established that the magnitude of the fall in blood pressure is related to the rate at which glucose enters the small intestine . addressed the hypothesis that the fall in blood pressure induced by an intraduodenal glucose infusion is influenced by the interaction of glucose with the small intestinal absorptive epithelium . healthy older participants ( four male , four female , age 70.3 + / - 3.4 years ) were studied on two separate occasions , in single-blind , randomized order . received an intraduodenal glucose infusion ( 3 kcal/min ) with or without guar gum ( 4 g ) for 60 minutes ( 0-60 minutes ) , followed by 0.9 % saline intraduodenally for a further 60 minutes ( 60-120 minutes ) . pressure and heart rate were measured every 3 minutes . of blood glucose , plasma insulin , glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) , and glucose-dependant insulinotropic-polypeptide ( GIP ) were also determined . t = 0 and t = 30 minutes , the magnitude of the fall in systolic blood pressure ( p = .03 ) and increase in heart rate ( p = .027 ) were lower after guar . blood glucose ( p = .009 ) , plasma insulin ( p = .027 ) , plasma GLP-1 ( p = .018 ) , and GIP ( p < .001 ) responses to intraduodenal glucose were attenuated by guar . healthy older participants , the magnitude of the fall in systolic blood pressure and increase in heart rate induced by intraduodenal glucose are attenuated when the exposure of glucose to the small intestinal mucosa and subsequent glucose absorption is slowed by guar ."
2369,Abstract #2369,"assess the effect of vertical banded gastroplasty and gastric banding on the development of gastro-oesophageal reflux using both subjective and objective methods . , randomised study . hospital , Sweden . consecutive , morbidly obese patients ( mean ( SD ) body mass index ( BMI ) 42.5 ( 5 ) , 27 women and 23 men ; mean age 48 years , range 38-57 years ) . banded gastroplasty ( n = 24 ) or gastric banding ( n = 26 ) . of evaluation by standardised questionnaire , 24-hour ambulatory pH-metry , and endoscopy . six months the mean ( SD ) BMI had decreased to 34.4 ( 5.7 ) , with no differences between the groups . dysphagia was somewhat more common ( 13 compared with 1 ) but the incidence of heartburn ( 8 compared with 17 ) , and acid regurgitation ( 12 compared with 14 ) were less after the operation ; 3 patients developed erosive oesophagitis , two in the vertical banded group and one in the banding group . pH-metry readings did not change significantly from preoperatively and there were no differences between the two operations . patient developed pathological reflux , and in three the values returned to the normal range . restriction operations including those with a narrow stoma that causes outflow obstruction do not seem to increase the incidence of reflux in patients with functioning antireflux barriers ."
2370,Abstract #2370,"sulfate is a synthetic carbocyclic nucleoside analogue indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents . objective of the current study was to determine the bioequivalence between a generic formulation of abacavir and the innovator product . total of 80 subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single 300 mg oral dose of abacavir sulfate as the generic ( Ranbaxy-Abacavir , Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. , equivalent to 300 mg of abacavir ) and innovator ( Ziagen , GlaxoSmithKline ) tablet formulations in 2-way crossover studies performed under fasting ( n = 40 ) and fed ( n = 40 ) conditions . blood samples were collected over 14 hours and plasma concentrations of abacavir were assayed using an LC/MS/MS method with a limit of quantitation of 25.0 ng/ml . ( PK ) parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods . fasting conditions , geometric mean area under the curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration ( AUC ( 0-t ) ) , area under the curve extrapolated to infinity ( AUC ( 0-infinity ) and maximum plasma concentrations ( Cmax ) of abacavir for the generic ( 5565 ng x h/ml , 5668 ng x h/ml and 2526 ng/ml , respectively ) and innovator ( 5675 ng x h/ml , 5770 ng x h/ml and 2528 ng/ml , respectively ) products were very similar . fed conditions , mean values of AUC ( 0-t ) AUC ( 0-infinity ) and Cmax for the generic ( 4487 ng x h/ml , 4571 ng x h/ml and 1841 ng/ml , respectively ) and innovator ( 4574 ng x h/ml , 4654 ng x h/ml and 1781 ng/ml , respectively ) formulations were also very similar . of LSM and 90 % confidence intervals of PK parameters between the 2 formulations were within 80.0 - 125.0 % under fasting and fed conditions , suggesting that the 2 tablet formulations resulted in similar rate and extent of bioavailability . events for the generic and innovator products were similar in nature and frequency in the fasting and fed studies . Based on the above results , the generic tablet formulation of abacavir developed by Ranbaxy should be equally effective as the innovator product ."
2371,Abstract #2371,"of life ( QoL ) is an important outcome in the treatment of schizophrenia . deficits have an impact on functional outcomes . remediation therapy is emerging as a psychological intervention that targets cognitive impairment , but the effect of computer-assisted cognitive remediation on neuropsychology and social functioning and wellbeing remains unclear . aim of the current study is to investigate the neurocognitive outcomes of computer-assisted cognitive remediation ( CACR ) therapy in a sample of schizophrenia patients , and to measure the quality of life and self-esteem as secondary outcomes . people with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to computer-assisted cognitive remediation or an active control condition . main outcomes were neuropsychological measures and secondary outcomes ( self-esteem and quality of life ) . were recorded at baseline and post-treatment . CACR therapy group improved in speed of processing , working memory and reasoning and problem-solving cognitive domains . and self-esteem measures also showed significant improvements over time in this group . cognitive remediation therapy for people with schizophrenia achieved improvements in neuropsychological performance and in QoL and self-esteem measurements ."
2372,Abstract #2372,"aim of this randomized controlled study was to cephalometrically assess possible changes in craniofacial morphology associated with long-term use of an adjustable oral-appliance compared with continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) in patients with the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS ) . addition , we wanted to study the relationship between these possible changes and the degree of mandibular protrusion associated with oral-appliance therapy . patients were randomized to oral-appliance therapy and 52 patients to CPAP therapy . baseline and after follow-up ( 2.30.2 years ) , a lateral cephalogram of all patients was made in maximum intercuspation to determine relevant cephalometric variables . baseline and follow-up cephalograms were traced digitally whereupon cephalometric variables were compared . in craniofacial morphology between the oral-appliance - and CPAP group were evaluated with a linear regression analysis . with CPAP , long-term use of an oral-appliance resulted in small but significant ( dental ) changes . and overjet decreased , 1.0 ( 1.5 ) mm and 1.7 ( 1.6 ) mm , respectively . we found a retroclination ( -2.0 ( 2.8 ) ) of the upper incisors and a proclination ( 3.7 ( 5.4 ) ) of the lower incisors . , the lower - and total anterior facial height increased significantly , 0.8 ( 1.5 ) mm and 0.9 ( 1.4 ) mm , respectively . changes in skeletal variables were found . regression analysis revealed that the decrease in overbite was associated with the mean mandibular protrusion during follow-up ( B = -0.029 , SE = 0.014 , p < 0.05 ) . therapy should be considered as a life long treatment , and there is a risk of craniofacial changes to occur . , patients treated with an oral-appliance , need a thorough follow-up by a dentist or dental-specialist experienced in the field of dental sleep medicine ."
2373,Abstract #2373,"evaluate the capacity of chemical dissection of tissues using a mucolytic substance , Mesna , in improving laparoscopic excision of endometriotic cysts . , double-blind , controlled trial ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . training hospital . women with symptomatic ovarian endometriotic cysts . . excision of endometriotic cysts in 22 women with the aid of Mesna solution and in 22 with the aid of saline solution . comparison with saline solution , Mesna as a chemical dissector resulted in significant reductions in operating time , in difficulty encountered by the surgeon to enucleate the cysts , and in less bleeding . differences were found in length of hospital stay , costs of surgeries , analgesic requirement , and fever . , patients treated with Mesna achieved more pregnancies than those treated with saline . dissection of tissues with Mesna proved to be a safe and suitable support in laparoscopic surgery for ovarian endometriotic cysts ."
2374,Abstract #2374,"assessed the incremental value of baseline Q waves over time from symptom onset as a marker of clinical outcome in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) . from symptom onset is a central focus in STEMI patients . presence of Q waves on the baseline electrocardiogram ( ECG ) has been suggested to be of incremental value to time from symptom onset in evaluating clinical outcomes . evaluated baseline Q waves and ST-segment resolution 30 min after primary percutaneous intervention ( PCI ) ECGs in 4,530 STEMI patients without prior infarction . , peak biomarkers ; 90-day mortality ; and the composite of death , congestive heart failure ( CHF ) , or cardiogenic shock were assessed . percent of patients had baseline Q waves : they were older , more frequently male and diabetic , and had a more advanced Killip class . with baseline Q waves had greater mortality and a higher composite rate of death , CHF , and shock versus patients without baseline Q waves at 90 days ( 5.3 % vs. 2.1 % and 12.1 % vs. 4.8 % , respectively , both p < 0.001 ) . ST-segment resolution was highest , whereas 90-day mortality and the composite outcome were lowest among those randomized < or = 3 h without baseline Q waves . multivariable adjustment , baseline Q-wave but not time from symptom onset was significantly associated with a 78 % relative increase in the hazard of 90-day mortality and a 90 % relative increase in the hazard of death , shock , and CHF . Q waves in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI provide an independent prognostic marker of clinical outcome . data might be useful in designing future clinical trials as well as in evaluating patients for triage and potential transfer for planned primary PCI . Pexelizumab in Conjunction With Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction [ APEX-AMI ] ; NCT00091637 ) ."
2375,Abstract #2375,"in cardiac patients is common , under-recognized , and independently associated with mortality . objectives in this initial report from a 6-month longitudinal trial were to determine whether a collaborative care program improves rates of depression treatment by discharge among patients hospitalized with acute cardiovascular disease , and to assess key clinical characteristics of depression in this cohort . was a prospective , randomized trial comparing collaborative care and usual care interventions for depressed cardiac patients who were admitted to cardiac units in an urban academic medical center . collaborative care subjects , the care manager performed a multi-component depression intervention in the hospital that included patient education and treatment coordination ; usual care subjects ' inpatient providers were informed of the depression diagnosis . mean Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for subjects ( N = 175 ) was 17.6 ( SD 3.5 ; range 11-26 ) , consistent with moderate-severe depression . majority of subjects had depression for over one month ( n = 134 ; 76.6 % ) and a prior depressive episode ( n = 124 ; 70.8 % ) ; nearly one-half ( n = 75 ; 42.9 % ) had thoughts that life was not worth living in the preceding 2 weeks . care subjects were far more likely to receive adequate depression treatment by discharge ( 71.9 % collaborative care vs. 9.5 % usual care ; p < 0.001 ) . identified by systematic screening in hospitalized cardiac patients appears was prolonged , and of substantial severity . collaborative care depression management model appears to vastly increase rates of appropriate treatment by discharge ."
2376,Abstract #2376,"response to the phasing out of chlorofluorocarbon ( CFC ) inhalers , a metered dose hydrofluoroalkane ( HFA ) formulation , Modulite ( Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Parma , Italy ) , to be delivered with a pressurized metered dose inhaler ( pMDI ) , has been developed . is a HFA formulation technology that has been designed to provide stable and uniform dose delivery of HFA-based formulations to enable an easy transition from CFC to HFA inhalers . aim of this study was to compare the bronchoprotective and bronchodilator effects of a single dose of 12 microg of formoterol from the HFA Modulite inhaler with the Foradil Aerolizer ( dry powder inhaler , DPI ) and the Foradil CFC inhalers ( Novartis Health Consumer , Basel , Switzerland ) . was a double blind , double dummy , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover study conducted in 38 subjects with mild to moderate asthma ( mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s [ FEV1 ] 87.5 % predicted ) . primary endpoint was methacholine challenge provocative dose required for 20 % fall in the FEV1 ( PD20 ) 90 min post dose . was assessed with spirometry ( FEV1 , FVC , FEF25-75 ) and impulse oscillometry ( resistance at 5 and 20 Hz , reactance at 5 Hz and resonant frequency ) over the 90 min post dose . a subset of 12 subjects formoterol plasma levels , serum potassium and glucose were determined up to 480 min post dose . three formoterol formulations demonstrated significant ( P < or = 0.05 ) improvements in bronchoprotection compared to placebo and non-inferiority of the HFA preparation compared to the CFC and DPI preparations was demonstrated . mean PD20 values were 0.51 mg with HFA , 0.62 mg with DPI , 0.62 mg with CFC and 0.2 mg with placebo . log transformed mean differences in PD20 doubling dose between HFA and ( a ) DPI was -0.28 ( 95 % CI -0.84 -0.29 , P = 0.57 ) ( b ) CFC was -0.28 ( 95 % CI -0.84 -0.28 , P = 0.57 ) and ( c ) placebo was 1.38 ( 95 % CI 0.82-1 .94 , P < 0.001 ) . potassium , glucose and formoterol plasma profiles were comparable for the CFC , HFA and DPI devices . findings of similar efficacy , pharmacokinetics and systemic effects of the HFA formoterol inhaler compared to the CFC and DPI preparations supports the potential use of this novel formulation in the treatment of asthma ."
2377,Abstract #2377,"study was designed to examine the effects of local and general anesthesia on the oculocardiac reflex ( OCR ) in adults during retinal detachment surgery , with an aim of determining the safest type of anesthesia and on which extraocular muscle traction causes a higher incidence of OCR . study was performed on 30 American Society of Anesthesiologists-I patients ( age range 40-60 years ) who were undergoing retinal detachment surgery . patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia and 15 were given a local peribulbar block . fixed traction of 400 g was applied to all the extraocular muscles , and the heart rate , rhythm , and electrocardiogram of each patient was monitored . overall incidence of OCR was higher with general anesthesia ( 63.3 % ) than with local anesthesia ( 14.4 % ) . was a significant decrease in heart rate for the rectus muscles ( P < .0005 ) as well as the oblique muscles ( P < .005 ) during traction with general anesthesia . four rectus muscles were equally sensitive in eliciting the reflex . incidence of dysrhythmias was 20 % with general anesthesia and 6.67 % with local anesthesia . study showed that local anesthesia produces less bradycardia and ectopic arrhythmias and , therefore , may be safer and better than general anesthesia for surgeries in which traction of extraocular muscles is required ."
2378,Abstract #2378,"has been shown that transient increase in left ventricular stiffness , assessed by Doppler-derived early filling deceleration time , occurs during the first 24 to 48 hours after myocardial infarction but returns to normal within several days . has been reported that hyperbaric oxygen treatment has a favorable effect on left ventricular systolic function in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis . , there are no data on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on diastolic function after myocardial infarction . assess acute and short-term effects of hyperbaric oxygen on left ventricular chamber stiffness , we studied 74 consecutive patients with first acute myocardial infarction who were randomly assigned to treatment with hyperbaric oxygen combined with streptokinase or streptokinase alone . thrombolysis , patients in the hyperbaric oxygen group received 100 % oxygen at 2 atm for 60 minutes in a hyperbaric chamber . patients underwent 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography 1 ( after thrombolysis ) , 2 , 3 , 7 , 21 , and 42 days after myocardial infarction . characteristics , including age , sex , risk factors , adjunctive postinfarction therapy , infarct location , and baseline left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction , were similar between groups ( P > .05 for all ) . both groups , deceleration time decreased nonsignificantly from day 1 to day 3 and increased on day 7 ( P < .001 , for both groups ) , increasing nonsignificantly subsequently . E/A ratio increased in the entire study group throughout the time of study ( P < .001 , for both groups ) . pattern of changes of deceleration time was similar in both groups ( P > .05 by analysis of variance ) , as was in subgroups determined by early reperfusion success . data in a small clinical trial do not support a benefit of hyperbaric oxygen on left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolysis ."
2379,Abstract #2379,"statin induces plaque regression , its effects , particularly with different doses on plaque virtual histology composition , remain unknown . this prospective , randomized , double-blinded study , 40 consecutive statin-naive patients with stable angina requiring percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) were randomized to 2 arms ( 20 patients each ) receiving 6 months of atorvastatin 10 mg or 40 mg daily . primary end-point was ( VH-IVUS ) changes from baseline to 6 months , as assessed by a core laboratory . VH-IVUS lesions were analyzed from the 10 mg group and 57 from the 40 mg group . , plaque volume was reduced by 4.28 % ( -5.1014.93 mm ( 3 ) , P < 0.001 ) , absolute VH-IVUS fibrous volume by 10.54 % ( -4.8710.74 mm ( 3 ) , P < 0.001 ) , and relative percentage fibrous component by 3.297.84 % ( P < 0.001 ) , while relative percentage dense calcium increased by 1.503.08 % ( P < 0.001 ) , and necrotic core by 3.197.82 % ( P < 0.001 ) . changes were more substantial in the higher dose ( 40 mg ) group , with significantly more percentage plaque volume regression ( -1.503.85 % vs. 0.384.05 % increase in the 10 mg group , P = 0.014 ) , less relative percentage necrotic core expansion ( 1.687.57 % vs. 4.787.82 % in the 10 mg group , P = 0.037 ) , and without occurrence of major adverse cardiac events ( vs. 6 patients in the 10 mg group , P = 0.020 ) . statin-naive patients requiring PCI , 6 months of atorvastatin induced a significant percentage of plaque volume reduction and substantial modification of VH-IVUS composition . addition , these effects appeared to vary with different doses of atorvastatin , showing significantly better limitation of relative percentage necrotic core expansion at a higher dose ."
2380,Abstract #2380,"is a substituted piperidinyl benzamide indicated for the symptomatic treatment of patients with nocturnal heartburn due to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . currently recommended dosing regimen for cisapride is 10 mg q.d.s. , but the elimination half-life of 8-10 h supports b.d. dosing with 20 mg . multicentre , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of cisapride 20 mg b.d. dosing in reducing or preventing heartburn and other meal-related symptoms after challenge with a provocative fatty meal . phase 1 of the study , 137 patients with at least a 3-month history of symptoms suggestive of GERD and at least five episodes of GERD on 7-day diary were eligible to receive single-blind treatment with placebo for 7 ( range + / - 3 ) days and then ingested a provocative meal . hundred and twenty-two patients ( 45 men and 77 women , 22-65 years of age ) who experienced heartburn during the 3 h after ingestion of the meal qualified for the double-blind phase of the study and were randomly assigned to either cisapride 20 mg or matching placebo b.d. for 7 ( + / -3 ) days . the end of this period , 118 patients again ate a fatty meal and were assessed for symptoms of GERD . was prevented in a significantly higher percentage of cisapride-treated patients ( 40 % ; 24 out of 60 ) than placebo-treated patients ( 21 % ; 12 out of 58 ) after the repeat provocative meal at the end of the double-blind phase ( P = 0.017 ) . was also significantly more effective in reducing the severity of postprandial heartburn , belching , and regurgitation ( P < 0.05 ) . dosing with cisapride 20 mg was well tolerated ; the number of cisapride - and placebo-treated patients who experienced at least one adverse event was similar ( 31 % and 22 % , respectively ) . most common adverse events were diarrhoea ( cisapride , 18 % ; placebo , 0 % ) and rhinitis ( cisapride , 2 % ; placebo , 5 % ) . results demonstrate that cisapride 20 mg b.d. is effective in preventing or reducing symptoms of heartburn in patients who developed heartburn after ingesting a provocative fatty meal . was also effective in reducing the severity of heartburn-related symptoms such as belching and regurgitation ."
2381,Abstract #2381,"conducted a prospective randomized study to evaluate whether the duration of action of a single bolus dose of rocuronium is influenced by maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane , desflurane or propofol infusion . ASA I-II patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were enrolled in this study . was induced with thiopental 3-5 mg kg ( -1 ) or propofol 2.5 mg kg ( -1 ) and fentanyl 5 microg kg ( -1 ) and tracheal intubation was facilitated with rocuronium 0.9 mg kg ( -1 ) . patients were randomly allocated to three different groups to receive sevoflurane , desflurane or propofol for maintenance of anaesthesia . of neuromuscular function was monitored by single twitch stimulation of the ulnar nerve and by recording the adductor pollicis response using accelerometry . recovery times to 5 % of control value of single twitch were analysed using analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction . mean ( 95 % confidence interval ) recovery time to 5 % of control value of single twitch during desflurane anaesthesia was 90.18 ( 86.11-94 .25 ) min . shorter recovery times were observed during sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia , 58.86 ( 54.73-62 .99 ) min and 51.11 ( 45.47-56 .74 ) min , respectively ( P < 0.001 ) . were also significant differences in the recovery time between groups receiving desflurane vs. sevoflurane ( P < 0.001 ) and desflurane vs. propofol ( P < 0.001 ) . anaesthesia significantly prolongs the duration of action of rocuronium at 0.9 mg kg ( -1 ) single bolus dose , compared to sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia maintenance regimens ."
2382,Abstract #2382,"dexmedetomidine provides postoperative analgesia with anti-emetic and anti-shivering . prospective , randomized , double-blind study was designed to evaluate intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in postoperative analgesia in outpatient gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy under general anesthesia . ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for outpatient gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy were randomly allocated into two groups , dexmedetomidine group ( DEX group , n = 20 ) , or fentanyl group ( FEN group , n = 20 ) . dexmedetomidine 0.5 microg/Kg or fentanyl 0.5 microg/Kg in normal saline 10 ml was infused intravenously for 10 min after induction of general anesthesia . additional intravenous fentanyl 25 microg was provided for postoperative pain relief in PACU . hemodynamic data and time to tracheal extubation were similar in both groups . the PACU , median VRS pain scores were lower in the DEX group at 15 min , 30 min , and 1 h postoperatively ( 3 , 2 , and 2 in DEX group vs. 5 , 4 , and 3 in FEN group , p < 0.05 ) . addition , the percentage of patients who required treatment of pain was less in the DEX group ( 45 % vs. 85 % , p < 0.05 ) . was less incidence of postoperative nausea in the DEX group ( 5 % vs. 25 % , p < 0.05 ) . statistical difference in shivering and sedation was found between groups . present study demonstrates that intravenous infusion of 0.5 microg/Kg of dexmedetomidine after induction of anesthesia was better analgesia than 0.5 microg/Kg of fentanyl in the postoperative period without delayed discharge and provided perioperative hemodynamic stability during gynecologic diagnostic laparoscopy ."
2383,Abstract #2383,"investigate the contribution of novelty and simplicity to compliance with a low energy diet among obese outpatients . arm randomised trial for 16 weeks . hospital obesity clinic . patients aged over 17 years with a body mass index > 27 who were not diabetic , pregnant , or lactating . 3.4 MJ diet ( control ) , isoenergetic novel diet of milk only , or milk plus one designated food daily . up visit every 4 weeks . loss . weight loss ( kg ) after 16 weeks on control , milk only , and milk plus diets was 1.7 ( 95 % confidence interval 0.3 to 3.7 ) , 9.4 ( 5.9 to 12.9 ) , and 7.0 ( 2.7 to 11.3 ) respectively . loss on the novel diets was significantly greater than on the control diet . treatment can achieve as much weight loss in obese outpatients over 16 weeks as has been reported for the most successful drug treatment , but compliance with the prescribed diet is poor unless the diet is novel and simple ."
2384,Abstract #2384,"drinking smokers constitute a sizeable and hard-to-treat subgroup of smokers , for whom tailored smoking cessation therapies are not yet available . present study used a double-blind , randomized , 22 medication design , testing varenicline alone ( VAR ; 1mg twice daily ) , naltrexone alone ( NTX ; 25mg once daily ) , varenicline plus naltrexone , and placebo for effects on neural activation to cigarette cues in a sample ( n = 40 ) of heavy drinking daily smokers ( 10 cigarettes/day ) . participants were tested after a 10-12-day titration period designed to reach steady state on the target medication . underwent functional neuroimaging ( fMRI ) for examination of brain responses to visual smoking-related ( vs. neutral ) cues . of interest ( ROI ) analyses of brain responses to Cigarette vs. Neutral Cues indicated that the combination of VAR+NTX was associated with reduced activation of the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex as compared to placebo and to NTX alone . whole-brain analyses also indicated significant differences in brain activation during cigarette cues in the active medications versus placebo condition . medications suppressed left nucleus accumbens activation relative to placebo , suggesting the possibility that both medications , either alone or in combination , reduce neural signals associated with appetitive behavior . preliminary , these neuroimaging findings indicate that clinical studies of the combination of VAR+NTX for heavy drinkers trying to quit smoking may be warranted ."
2385,Abstract #2385,"mosquito repellent has the potential to prevent malaria infection , but there has been few studies demonstrating the effectiveness of combining this strategy with the highly effective long-lasting insecticidal nets ( LLINs ) . study aimed to determine the effect of combining community-based mosquito repellent with LLINs in the reduction of malaria . community-based clustered-randomised trial was conducted in 16 rural villages with 1,235 households in southern Ethiopia between September and December of 2008 . villages were randomly assigned to intervention ( mosquito repellent and LLINs , eight villages ) and control ( LLINs alone , eight villages ) groups . in the intervention villages received mosquito repellent ( i.e. , Buzz-Off petroleum jelly , essential oil blend ) applied every evening . baseline survey was followed by two follow-up surveys , at one month interval . primary outcome was detection of Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivax , or both parasites , through microscopic examination of blood slides . was by intention to treat . imbalances and clustering at individual , household and village levels were adjusted using a generalized linear mixed model . individuals in intervention and 3,004 in control group were enrolled into the study . with the control arm , the combined use of mosquito repellent and LLINs significantly reduced malaria infection of all types over time [ adjusted Odds Ratio ( aOR ) = 0.66 ; 95 % CI = 0.45-0 .97 ] . , a substantial reduction in P. falciparum malaria infection during the follow-up surveys was observed in the intervention group ( aOR = 0.53 , 95 % CI = 0.31-0 .89 ) . protective efficacy of using mosquito repellent and LLINs against malaria infection of both P. falciparum/P . and P. falciparum was 34 % and 47 % , respectively . application of mosquito repellent during the evening followed by the use of LLINs during bedtime at community level has significantly reduced malaria infection . finding has strong implication particularly in areas where malaria vectors feed mainly in the evening before bedtime . identifier : NCT01160809 ."
2386,Abstract #2386,"evaluate the pain level , analgesic consumption , operation time , bleeding and early complications after open and closed hemorrhoidectomy using a harmonic scalpel ( HS ) and classical methods . January 2005 and January 2006 , 87 patients with grade III-IV hemorrhoids , admitted in General Surgery Clinic , Gulhane Military Medical Academy , Ankara , Turkey were enrolled in the study . were randomized into open HS ( n = 22 ) , closed HS ( n = 22 ) , Miligan Morgan ( n = 22 ) , and Ferguson ( n = 21 ) hemorrhoidectomy . were evaluated for postoperative pain , painkiller consumption , bleeding and operation time . volume was significantly lower in Groups I-II ( p < 0.001 ) . time was significantly shorter in Group I ( p < 0.001 ) . pain and pain at the time of first defecation , was significantly lower in Groups I-III ( p < 0.001 ) compared with the other 2 groups and lower during days 2-6 in Group I compared to the Group III ( p < 0.004 ) . Analogue Scale results were similar in Groups II and IV . consumption in Groups I-III was significantly lower than Groups II-IV ( p < 0.001 ) . analgesic consumption during 2-5 postoperative days was lower in Group I than in Group III ( p < 0.007 ) and similar in closed hemorrhoidectomy group . use of HS in hemorrhoidectomy reduces postoperative pain , analgesic consumption , operation time , and bleeding . scalpel hemorrhoidectomy is an effective , comfortable , and safe procedure . of suture in hemorrhoidectomy is a major cause of postoperative pain ."
2387,Abstract #2387,"is defined as the presence of excessive terminal hair in androgen-dependent areas of a woman 's body . this it has been suggested that Lavender and Tea tree oils may have antiandrogenic activities . evaluate therapy based on Lavender and Tea tree oils in women suffering from mild idiopathic hirsutism ( IH ) . prospective , open-label , placebo - controlled , randomized study was performed : women affected by mild IH were randomly assigned to receive oil spray containing Lavender and Tea tree oils ( group T ) ( no . 12 ) or placebo ( group P ) ( no . 12 ) twice a day for 3 months in areas affected by hirsutism . of hirsutism was carried out at baseline and after 3 months by Ferriman-Gallwey score and by measuring hair diameter taken from some body areas . hematological and hormonal evaluation was carried out at baseline and after 3 months . significant variations were found in any of the hormones studied in groups T and P between baseline and after 3 months . statistically significant decrease of hirsutism total score and of hair diameter was found in group T , while no statistically significant difference in these two parameters was observed in group P ; in group T percentual reduction of hair diameter was significantly greater than in group P. and Tea tree oils applied locally on skin could be effective in reducing mild IH ; this treatment could represent a safe , economic and practical instrument in the cure of this disease ."
2388,Abstract #2388,"disability is a major consequence of inflammatory rheumatic conditions . regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at the prevention or reduction of work disability in rheumatic diseases is limited . conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary job-retention vocational rehabilitation ( VR ) program in patients with a rheumatic condition who were at risk for job loss . total of 140 patients with a chronic rheumatic condition were randomly assigned to either a multidisciplinary job-retention VR program ( n = 74 ) or usual outpatient care ( UC ) ( n = 66 ) . in the VR group were assessed and guided by a multidisciplinary team , whereas patients in the UC group received care as initiated by their rheumatologist , supplemented with written information . main outcome measure was the occurrence of job loss ( complete work disability or unemployment ) ; additional outcome measures included job satisfaction , pain , functional status , emotional status , and quality of life . was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the proportion of patients having lost their job at any time point , with 24 % and 23 % of the patients in the VR and UC groups , respectively , having lost their job after 24 months . the total period of 24 months , patients in the VR group had a significantly greater improvement of the fatigue visual analog scale and of emotional status ( all P values < 0.05 ) . job-retention VR program did not reduce the risk of job loss but improved fatigue and mental health in patients with chronic rheumatic diseases at risk for job loss ."
2389,Abstract #2389,"evaluate the safety and efficacy of dapsone gel 5 % in the treatment of acne when used in combination with adapalene gel 0.1 % , benzoyl peroxide gel 4 % or moisturizer . was a twelve-week , randomized , double-blind study . aged 12 years and older ( n = 301 ) applied dapsone gel twice daily and were randomly assigned ( 1:1:1 ) to one of three additional treatments , applied once daily . week 12 , dapsone gel combined with any of the three additional treatments reduced the mean number of inflammatory lesions . , the authors did not detect a significant difference in the reduction of inflammatory lesions when dapsone was used in combination with adapalene gel or with benzoyl peroxide gel compared to the dapsone plus moisturizer combination group ( P = 0.052 for both versus moisturizer combination ) . treated with dapsone gel combined with adapalene showed a significantly better response in reduction in non-inflammatory and total acne lesion count than those who received the moisturizer combination . adverse reactions in all three treatment groups were minimal and generally mild in severity . gel in combination with adapalene gel or benzoyl peroxide gel is safe and well tolerated for the treatment of acne vulgaris ."
2390,Abstract #2390,"examine changes in the psychosocial status of caregivers of post-surgical patients with cancer , and how their status was affected by ( a ) whether caregivers had physical problems of their own , and ( b ) whether the patient received a home care intervention . studies in this area to date have not included sufficient measurement points to identify fluctuations in psychosocial status over time . addition , many have used caregiver health as an outcome rather than a predictor . , randomized trial using a sample of 161 caregivers of cancer patients being treated at one large university hospital in the northeastern United States , 1993-1996 . the patients were randomly assigned to receive a standardized home-care nursing intervention . population of interest was caregivers of patients who were ( a ) diagnosed with a solid-tumor cancer within the past 2 months , ( b ) age 60 or older , ( c ) hospitalized for surgical treatment of the cancer and expected to live at least 6 months , and ( d ) had a complex problem at hospital discharge . caregivers were living with the patient at time of discharge . were collected in structured interviews administered at the time of the patients ' discharge and approximately 3 and 6 months later . status was measured using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment and the CES-Depression scale . repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed for each psychosocial measure , using as factors Time ( i.e. , interview 1 , 2 , or 3 ) , Group ( treatment and control ) , and Caregiver Physical Problem . , psychosocial status improved from baseline to 3 months , and was about the same at 6 months . caregivers with physical problems , the psychosocial status of those in the treatment group declined compared to those in the control groups in the 3 months after discharge ; an opposite pattern was observed in the following 3 months . who are caregivers for cancer patients and have physical problems of their own are at risk for psychologic morbidity , which may have a delayed onset . delay may reflect the replacement of an initial optimism with discouragement as the reality of long-term illness sets in . care may create a situation in which caregivers are required to confront the realities of long-term caregiving quickly , cutting short their initial optimism , but also preparing them for what is to come ."
2391,Abstract #2391,"multicentre , randomized , double-blind , vehicle-controlled , parallel-group study was carried out to study the effect of the addition of calcipotriol ointment to methotrexate ( MTX ) therapy in patients with psoriasis vulgaris . investigate whether the addition of calcipotriol to treatment with MTX has an MTX-sparing effect , and whether the combination of treatments is safe . , to compare the effect of calcipotriol or vehicle on the duration of the relapse-free interval after cessation of MTX . on maintenance therapy with MTX with controlled psoriasis were selected . study was divided into three phases : ( i ) an MTX-free phase with double-blind treatment with either calcipotriol ointment or vehicle ; ( ii ) an MTX titration phase with open MTX treatment and additional double-blind treatment with either calcipotriol or vehicle until target response ; and ( iii ) follow-up phase : in a group of 97 patients , psoriasis was assessed using the modified psoriasis severity score , patients ' assessment and safety parameters were monitored as well . combined use of calcipotriol with MTX resulted in an MTX-sparing effect of 3.4 mg week-1 ( phase ( II ) and 2.6 mg week-1 ( phase I and II taken together ) , while still maintaining efficacy . treatment increased the time to relapse of psoriasis following discontinuation of MTX : 113 days vs. 35 days . decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was seen during the study of 8 % ( calcipotriol ) and 12 % ( vehicle ) . combination of calcipotriol and MTX was safe and well tolerated . combination resulted in lower cumulative dosages of MTX compared with MTX and vehicle . the risk of side-effects is substantially decreased ."
2392,Abstract #2392,"studies in adults suggest that individual dietary fatty acids differ markedly in their effects on serum lipids and lipoprotein levels . , these associations have rarely been studied in children . assess , using regression procedures , the associations in children between specific fatty acids and nonfasting serum lipids and cholesterol after controlling for total energy and total fat intake , sample consisted of 1,182 children who participated in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health . sample was equally distributed across 4 sites ( Louisiana , Texas , Minnesota , California ) . sample was 48 % boys ; 71 % white , 15 % Hispanic-American , 10 % African-American , 2 % Asian , and 2 % from other or unspecified racial/ethnic heritage . this randomized multicenter trial with 56 intervention and 40 control elementary schools , food record-assisted 24-hour dietary recalls and serum lipid measurements were collected for each child at baseline ( 3rd grade ) and at the 5th grade follow-up . analysis of variance was used to evaluate the association between nutrient composition of the diet and serum lipids . dietary variables included amount and type of fat , individual fatty acids , protein , carbohydrate , and fiber . dependent variables were the absolute values of serum total cholesterol ( TC ) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) both at baseline ( 3rd grade ) and at follow-up ( 5th grade ) . total fat ( b = 0.053 ; P < .03 ) was associated with increased TC in the model when energy was held constant , whereas increased carbohydrate was associated with decreased TC ( b = -0.021 , P < .02 ) and HDL-C ( b = -0.010 , P < .005 ) levels . total protein ( b = 0.017 , P < .05 ) was associated with increased HDL-C when energy was held constant . fat ( b = 0.004 , P < .04 ) , unsaturated fat ( b = 0.004 , P < .03 ) , and myristic fatty acid ( b = 0.021 , P < .01 ) all increased TC in the model when total fat and total energy were held constant . conclude that using a modeling approach , the effect of diet on serum lipids in children is similar to that observed in adults . fat and saturated fat were positively associated with TC and HDLC levels , saturated fat was positively associated with TC , and carbohydrate was inversely associated with both TC and HDL-C . the statistical model , substitution of unsaturated fatty acids , monounsaturated fatty acids , or oleic acid for saturated fat , while holding total fat and energy constant , slightly lowered TC . contrast , substitution of total fat for carbohydrate in the model increased TC and , thus , did not seem to be associated with an apparent health advantage except for HDL-C elevating effects . , consumption of individual fats tends to be highly correlated , and we were unable to determine if these biological effects were operating independently ."
2393,Abstract #2393,"purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses of elderly women to a well-rounded exercise program performed in water ( WEX ) . participants ( 60-75 yr of age ) were randomly divided into a training ( TR ) group ( N = 15 ) and a control group ( N = 15 ) . TR group participated in a 12-wk supervised WEX program , 70 min x day ( -1 ) , 3 d x wk ( -1 ) . WEX consisted of 20 min of warm-up and stretching exercise , 10 min of resistance exercise , 30 min of endurance-type exercise ( walking and dancing ) , and 10 min of cool-down exercise . WEX led to an increase ( P < 0.05 ) in peak VO2 ( 12 % ) and VO2 at lactate threshold ( 20 % ) . strength evaluated by a hydraulic resistance machine increased significantly at resistance dial setting 8 ( slow ) for knee extension ( 8 % ) , knee flexion ( 13 % ) , chest press ( 7 % ) and pull ( 11 % ) , shoulder press ( 4 % ) and pull ( 6 % ) , and back extension ( 6 % ) . jump ( 9 % ) , side-stepping agility ( 22 % ) , trunk extension ( 11 % ) , and FEV1 .0 ( 7 % ) also increased significantly . was a significant decrease in skin-fold thickness ( -8 % ) , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol ( -17 % ) , and total cholesterol ( -11 % ) . were no significant changes in these variables in the control group . results indicate that WEX elicits significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness , muscular strength , body fat , and total cholesterol in older adult women . exercise appears to be a very safe and beneficial mode of exercise that can be performed as part of a well-rounded exercise program ."
2394,Abstract #2394,"combination of low-dose aspirin with anticoagulants may provide better protection against thromboembolic events compared to anticoagulants alone in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation . of the preventive efficacy against nonfatal thromboembolic events and vascular deaths of the combination of the oral anticoagulant fluindione and aspirin ( 100 mg ) in patients with high-risk atrial fibrillation . multicenter , placebo-controlled , double-blind , randomized trial was conducted at 49 investigating centers in France . fibrillation patients with a previous thromboembolic event or older than 65 years and with either a history of hypertension , a recent episode of heart failure or decreased left ventricular function were included in the study . were treated with fluindione plus placebo ( i.e. anticoagulant alone ) or fluindione plus aspirin ( i.e. combination therapy ) , with an international normalized ratio target of between 2 and 2.6 . combined primary endpoint was stroke ( ischemic or hemorrhagic ) , myocardial infarction , systemic arterial emboli or vascular death . secondary endpoint was the incidence of hemorrhagic complications . 157 participants ( average age 74 years ; 52 % women ; 42 % with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ) were followed for an average of 0.84 years . nonfatal thromboembolic events were observed ( 1 in the anticoagulation group , 2 in the combination group ) and 6 patients died ( 3 in the anticoagulation group , 3 in the combination group ) , none of them from a thromboembolic complication . , 3 deaths were secondary to severe hemorrhagic complications ( 1 in the anticoagulation group , 2 in the combination group ) . hemorrhagic complications occurred more often in the combination group ( n = 10 , 13.1 % ) compared to the anticoagulation group ( n = 1 , 1.2 % ) ( p = 0.003 ) . combination of aspirin with anticoagulant is associated with increased bleeding in elderly atrial fibrillation patients . effect on thromboembolism and the overall balance of benefit to risk could not be accurately assessed in this study due to the limited number of ischemic events ."
2395,Abstract #2395,"and gemcitabine is the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer ; expression of VEGF and its receptors is associated with adverse outcomes . aimed to assess the effect of the addition of cediranib ( an oral inhibitor of VEGF receptor 1 , 2 , and 3 ) to cisplatin and gemcitabine on progression-free survival . this multicentre , placebo-controlled , randomised phase 2 study , we recruited patients aged 18 years or older with histologically confirmed or cytologically confirmed advanced biliary tract cancer from hepatobiliary oncology referral centres in the UK . were eligible if they had an ECOG performance status of 0-1 and an estimated life expectancy of longer than 3 months . were given first-line cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy ( 25 mg/m ( 2 ) cisplatin and 1000 mg/m ( 2 ) gemcitabine [ on days 1 and 8 every 21 days , for up to eight cycles ] ) with either 20 mg oral cediranib or placebo once a day until disease progression . randomly assigned patients ( 1:1 ) with a minimisation algorithm , incorporating the stratification factors : extent of disease , primary disease site , previous treatment , ECOG performance status , and centre . primary endpoint was progression-free survival in the intention-to-treat population . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00939848 , and was closed on Sept 30 , 2014 ; results of the final analysis for the primary endpoint are presented . April 5 , 2011 , and Sept 28 , 2012 , we enrolled 124 patients ( 62 in each group ) . a median follow-up of 122 months ( IQR 73-185 ) , median progression-free survival was 80 months ( 95 % CI 65-93 ) in the cediranib group and 74 months ( 57-85 ) in the placebo group ( HR 093 , 80 % CI 074-119 , 95 % CI 065-135 ; p = 072 ) . who received cediranib had more grade 3-4 toxic effects than did patients who received placebo : hypertension ( 23 [ 37 % ] vs 13 [ 21 % ] ; p = 005 ) , diarrhoea ( eight [ 13 % ] vs two [ 3 % ] ; p = 005 ) ; platelet count decreased ( ten [ 16 % ] vs four [ 6 % ] ; p = 009 ) , white blood cell decreased ( 15 [ 24 % ] vs seven [ 11 % ] ; p = 006 ) and fatigue ( 16 [ 24 % ] vs seven [ 11 % ] ; p = 004 ) . did not improve the progression-free survival of patients with advanced biliary tract cancer in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine , which remains the standard of care . patients in the cediranib group had more adverse events , we recorded no unexpected toxic effects . role of VEGF inhibition in addition to chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer remains investigational . Research UK and AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals ."
2396,Abstract #2396,"evaluate the extrinsic stain removal benefit of a sodium hexametaphosphate containing dual-phase dentifrice ( Crest Vivid White ) relative to a marketed negative control ( Colgate Cavity Protection ) . was a parallel groups , examiner-blind , randomized and controlled clinical trial . total of 200 healthy adults with natural stain on their anterior teeth were enrolled into the study . baseline examination , subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups based on baseline Lobene composite scores , smoking status ( yes/no ) , tea/coffee consumption ( yes/no ) , and gender . brushed twice daily , at least 1 minute every time over 6 weeks . examinations including extrinsic stain evaluation and oral soft tissue examination were conducted at BL , Weeks 3 and 6 . stain removal was evaluated on the anterior teeth by a dental examiner using Lobene stain index . the 200 subjects who were randomized to treatment , 195 were available for the 3-week examination and 193 subjects completed the study . dual-phase dentifrice exhibited a statistically significant ( P < 0.01 ) reduction in Lobene stain composite scores when compared to the negative control dentifrice at Week 6 . mean Lobene composite reduction for the dual-phase dentifrice group ( 0.32 ) was twice as big as the negative control group ( 0.16 ) . in Lobene stain extent ( area ) contributed primarily to the overall composite score reduction . test products were well tolerated over the 6-week treatment period ."
2397,Abstract #2397,"evaluate the effect on acne vulgaris of pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui ( GV 14 ) under acupuncture anesthesia , and establish whether providing anesthesia to the treatment area by manipulating Hegu ( LI 4 ) and Quchi ( LI 11 ) might have an additional therapeutic benefit . patients were recruited and randomized into a control group and an intervention group with a single-blind ( observer-blind ) method . control group was treated by pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui ( GV 14 ) - and the studied group by pricking-bloodletting cupping at Dazhui ( GV 14 ) under acupuncture anesthesia at Hegu ( LI 4 ) and Quchi ( LI 11 ) . groups were treated twice weekly for 6 weeks . analgesic and therapeutic effects of acupuncture were evaluated on a visual analog scale ( VAS ) and global acne grading system ( GAGS ) , respectively . were differences in the VAS scores of pain on pricking and in the pricked area , and the duration of pain between the groups . 12 treatments , there was a significant reduction in GAGS scores from baseline in both groups , but there was no significant difference between the groups . anesthesia at Hegu ( LI 4 ) and Quchi ( LI 11 ) is an effective means of alleviating the pain of pricking-bloodletting cupping and reducing the duration of pain in the treatment area . cupping at Dazhui ( GV 14 ) improves the skin lesions of patients with moderate acne vulgaris , but acupuncture anesthesia does not appear to have an additional therapeutic effect ."
2398,Abstract #2398,"compare the usefulness for training of a porcine model ( larynx , trachea , and pig skin ) and a manikin model using a Portex cricothyrotomy kit ( PCK ) . a prospective randomised crossover trial , participants in the airway workshop performed crico-thyrotomy using a PCK on the porcine and manikin models ( Tracheostomy Trainer and Case ) . porcine model was made with larynxes and trachea from freshly slaughtered pigs and covered with a piece of thinned pigskin stapled to a wooden board . were asked to assess the following : reality of skin turgor ; difficulty with skin penetration , landmark recognition and procedure ; reality of the model ; and preference for each model using a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) of 0-10 cm . VAS scores for each model were compared . participants were included in the study . ( SD ) VAS scores for the reality of skin turgor , degree of difficulty with skin penetration and landmark recognition were higher with the porcine model than with the manikin model ( 7.0 ( 2.1 ) vs 4.7 ( 2.0 ) , 6.4 ( 2.4 ) vs 3.6 ( 2.2 ) , 5.1 ( 2.2 ) vs 4.2 ( 2.5 ) , respectively ) . was no difference between the models in the difficulty of the procedure ( 5.0 ( 2.4 ) vs 4.7 ( 3.2 ) ) . porcine model had a higher VAS score for overall reality and preference of the model ( 7.1 ( 2.0 ) vs 4.8 ( 2.3 ) and 7.1 ( 2.0 ) vs 4.8 ( 2.2 ) , respectively ) . porcine model is a more useful training tool than the manikin model for cricothyrotomy with PCK because of its reality and similarity to human anatomy ."
2399,Abstract #2399,"TRITON-TIMI 38 , patients with acute coronary syndromes were treated with prasugrel or clopidogrel , with aspirin , for a median of 14.5 ( maximum of 15 ) months . on this trial , the EU label for prasugrel recommends treatment for up to 12 months and excludes patients with prior stroke/transient ischemic attack ( TIA ) . , the EU label recommends the 10mg maintenance dose ( MD ) for patients with body weight 60kg and age < 75 years . lower MD of 5mg is recommended for those with body weight < 60kg ; although generally not recommended , 5mg can be prescribed to patients 75 years after individual risk-benefit evaluation . paper presents the one-year outcome data for this ' 10mg indicated cohort ' . the overall cohort of 13,608 patients in TRITON-TIMI 38 , 10,804 fulfilled inclusion criteria for the 10mg indicated cohort , of whom 22 % had a history of diabetes , 73 % an index diagnosis of unstable angina/non-ST-segment - elevation myocardial infarction ( UA/NSTEMI ) , and 27 % an index diagnosis of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) . this cohort at 12 months , those given prasugrel experienced significantly fewer ischemic events ( cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infarction , or non-fatal stroke , 7.8 % vs 10.5 % , hazard ratio ( HR ) = 0.73 , p < 0.001 , than those given clopidogrel , with a non-significant increase in non-coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) TIMI major bleeding , 1.7 % vs 1.5 % , HR = 1.15 , p = 0.40 ; similarly , in the overall cohort these frequencies were 9.4 % vs 11.4 % , HR = 0.81 , p < 0.001 , for cardiovascular death , non-fatal myocardial infarction , or non-fatal stroke , and 2.2 % vs 1.8 % , HR = 1.24 , p = 0.10 , for non-CABG TIMI major bleeding . was a significant reduction in stent thrombosis in the prasugrel group , with similar mortality rates and no excess of strokes . with prasugrel according to EU label recommendations results in a significant 27 % and 57 % relative risk reduction ( absolute risk reductions of 2.7 % and 1.2 % ) in ischemic events and stent thromboses respectively compared with clopidogrel , with a 15 % relative risk increase ( absolute risk increase of 0.2 % ) for major bleeds ( p = 0.40 ) , and no excess of strokes . restricted to 365 days of follow-up , this analysis encapsulates 1366 of 1424 ( 95.9 % ) of all primary endpoint events and 244 of 257 ( 94.9 % ) of all first non-CABG TIMI major bleeds reported in the pivotal manuscript . , the 10mg indicated cohort was not a pre-specified subgroup in the study protocol , but due to European labeling restrictions , results for all outcomes in this cohort are presented through 12 months ."
2400,Abstract #2400,"endarterectomy ( CEA ) has been shown to be effective in stroke prevention for patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis . several prospective randomized trials indicate that carotid artery stenting ( CAS ) is an alternative but not superior treatment modality , there is still a significant lack of long-term data comparing CAS with CEA . study presents long-term results of a prospective , randomized , single-center trial . August 1999 and April 2002 , 87 patients with a symptomatic high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis ( > 70 % ) were randomized to CAS or CEA . a median observation time of 66 + / - 14.2 months ( CAS ) and 64 + / - 12.1 months ( CEA ) , 42 patients in each group were re-evaluated retrospectively by clinical examination and documentation of neurologic events . ultrasound imaging was performed in 61 patients ( 32 CAS , 29 CEA ) , and patients with restenosis > 70 % were re-evaluated by angiography . the observation period , 23 patients ( 25.2 % ) died ( 10 CAS , 13 CEA ) , and three were lost to follow up . incidence of strokes was higher after CAS , with four strokes in 42 CAS patients vs none in 42 CEA patients . transient ischemic attack occurred in each group . significantly higher rate of restenosis > 70 % ( 6 of 32 vs 0 of 29 ) occurred after CAS compared with CEA . of 32 CAS patients ( 15.6 % ) presented with high-grade ( > 70 % ) restenosis as an indication for secondary intervention or surgical stent removal , and three presented with neurologic symptoms . CEA patients required reintervention ( P < .05 vs CAS ) . medium-grade ( < 70 % ) restenosis was detected in eight of 32 CAS patients ( 25 % ) and in one of 29 CEA patients ( 3.4 % ) . five of 32 CAS ( 15.6 % ) and three of 29 CEA patients ( 10.3 % ) , a high-grade stenosis of the contralateral carotid artery was observed and treated during the observation period . long-term results of this prospective , randomized , single-center study revealed a high incidence of relevant restenosis and neurologic symptoms after CAS . seems to be superior to CAS concerning the development of restenosis and significant prevention of stroke . , the long-term results of the ongoing multicenter trials have to be awaited for a final conclusion ."
2401,Abstract #2401,"( Mobic ; Boehringer Ingelheim , Ridgefield , Conn ) is an enolic acid derivative of the oxicam group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) whose mechanism of action may be related to prostaglandin ( cyclooxygenase ) synthetase inhibition . previous studies , meloxicam has been found to be safe and effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis ( OA ) at doses of 7.5 to 15 mg daily . evaluate a lower dose and a different patient population , we evaluated the efficacy and safety of 3 doses of meloxicam vs placebo and diclofenac for the treatment of OA among patients with symptom exacerbations . this double-blind , double-dummy , parallel-group , multicenter study , 774 patients with confirmed OA of the hip or knee and a flare were randomized and treated with daily oral administration of meloxicam tablets ( at dosages of 3.75 , 7.5 , or 15 mg/d ) , diclofenac ( 100 mg [ 50 mg twice daily ] ) , or placebo . was for 12 weeks , with regular assessments for drug safety and efficacy . was assessed by evaluation of adverse events , vital signs , and laboratory data . efficacy variables included the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis ( WOMAC ) index , the patient 's overall assessment of pain , and the patient 's and investigator 's overall assessment of disease activity . incidence of all adverse events was lower at each dosage of meloxicam than for diclofenac but greater than for placebo . , the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events and dropout rates because of such events was the same for meloxicam as for placebo and lower than for diclofenac . , at 7.5 and 15 mg/d , and diclofenac were statistically significantly more effective than placebo for all end points , while the 3.75-mg / d dosage of meloxicam did not always reach statistical significance for all end points . was evident after 2 weeks of treatment , improved with increasing doses , and was maintained until the end of the trial . is a safe and effective medication for the symptomatic treatment of OA . data support consideration of 7.5 to 15 mg of meloxicam once daily to treat the pain and stiffness of OA , with gastrointestinal tolerability comparable to that of placebo . Intern Med . ; 160:2947 -2954"
2402,Abstract #2402,"evaluate the effects of patient education for hypertension on hypertension control . 169 eligible patients ( systolic blood pressure > or = 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 95 mmHg ) , 60 were assigned to educational group ( group E , antihypertensive drug treatment with an addition of patient education ) and 109 to routine group ( group R , antihypertensive drug treatment alone ) . average follow-up approximated to 3 years . blood pressure was reduced from at baseline and sustained in the three-year follow-up by 20/13 mmHg in group E and by 22/13 mmHg in group R. For this similar blood pressure reduction , about 10 mg less of metoprolol and 6 mg less of nitrendipine were used in group E than in group R. percentage of the patients in whom goal blood pressure ( under 160/90 mmHg ) was achieved during follow-up was higher and progressively increased in group E ( 1st year : 65 % , 2nd year : 72 % ) in comparison with in group R ( 1st year : 45 % ; 2nd year : 55 % ) . weight was significantly reduced by 1.36 and 1.81 kg from at baseline to at the 1st and 2nd year repeated measurements in group E. significant reduction from at baseline to at the 2nd year was significantly different from that in group R ( P = 0.02 ) . 24-hour urinary sodium excretion , it was decreased in the group E , whereas it was increased in the group R. cumulative rates of hypertension-related complications were 4.43 % in group E and 7.02 % in group R ( absolute difference = 2.59 % , P = 0.48 ) . rate of missed appointments was somewhat higher in group R ( 10 % ) than in group E ( 7 % ) during the first year but lower in the 2nd and 3rd year ( R vs E : 10 % vs 2 % in the 2nd year ; 8 % vs 2 % in the 3rd year ) . patients lost to follow-up in group R ( 6.87 % ) and 1 patient in group E ( 1.74 % , P = 0.08 ) . findings of this study suggest that patient education is of some benefits to the hypertension control ."
2403,Abstract #2403,"role of empiric esophageal dilation in improving esophageal dysphagia with nonobstructive esophageal lumen is not clear . wished to determine the impact of esophageal dilation with a large-diameter dilator on dysphagia and quality of life in such patients . also assessed relative prevalence of esophageal versus oropharyngeal dysphagia and nonobstructive versus obstructive esophageal dysphagia in ambulatory patients . patients presenting with swallowing complaints were evaluated by history and physical examination , speech therapy evaluation , dynamic barium oropharyngeal swallowing study , and barium esophagram plus upper endoscopy . diagnosed as having nonobstructive esophageal dysphagia were offered participation in the study . candidates were randomized to either 56-French ( the study group ) or 40-French ( the control group ) Pilling dilators . patients were treated with proton pump inhibitors . completed questionnaires for dysphagia score , diet score , and quality of life ( SF-36 ) at baseline , at 1 month , and then at follow-up visits at 1 - to 3-month intervals for up to 12 months . the 125 patients complaining of swallowing difficulties , 6 ( 5 % ) were diagnosed as having oropharyngeal dysphagia and 119 ( 95 % ) had esophageal dysphagia . the patients with esophageal dysphagia , 84 ( 67 % ) had nonobstructive dysphagia . total of 30 patients participated in the study . patients were randomized to the study group and 13 were randomized to the control group . baseline dysphagia , diet , and quality-of-life scores were comparable between groups . in both groups improved after dilation compared with baseline ; however , the difference in the degree of improvement between the two groups was not significant . addition , there was no significant difference in improvement of the quality of life between the two groups . patients with esophageal dysphagia have a nonobstructing esophageal lumen . prospective , randomized , controlled study does not support the practice of empiric esophageal dilation for patients with nonobstructive esophageal dysphagia . in both groups suggests the possibility that it occurred due to proton pump inhibitor therapy , lending credence to the hypothesis that esophageal hypersensitivity to acid contributes to symptoms in most patients with nonobstructive esophageal dysphagia , which is the predominant category of dysphagia ."
2404,Abstract #2404,"verify and compare the efficacy of clonidine and lidocaine for attenuating the ocular hypertensive response generated by manipulation of the laryngoscope and endotracheal intubation ( EIT ) . this prospective double blind study 45 patients undergoing non-ocular surgery were divided into 3 groups according to pretreatment protocol : A , approximately 3 micrograms/kg clonidine orally 90-120 min before surgery ; B , 1.5 mg/kg intravenous lidocaine 1 min before EIT and C , control group . all patients we recorded intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , mean arterial pressure and heart rate at the following times : basal , just before EIT , immediately after EIT , 5 minutes later and 10 minutes later . patients pretreated with clonidine had significantly lower IOP levels than did the control group at all measurements times ; patients pretreated with lidocaine had lower IOP after induction and after intubation . was significantly lower in patients who received lidocaine than in control group patients after EIT , although IOP levels with lidocaine were higher than with clonidine . with oral clonidine is an effective method for preventing increases in IOP after EIT , is more effective than pretreatment with lidocaine , and should therefore be used for that end . lidocaine represents a valid alternative in emergency cases when the approximate wait time of 2 hours is contraindicated ."
2405,Abstract #2405,"compare the effectiveness and safety of 2.5 vs. 5.0 mg of prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) gel for preinduction cervical ripening . presenting for induction of labor with an unfavorable Bishop score ( < or 4 ) were assigned randomly , in a double-blind manner , to receive either 2.5 or 5.0 mg of PGE2 gel intravaginally . repeat Bishop score was determined in four to six hours , and if the score was still unfavorable , the same dose of gel was administered a second time . patients returned within 12 hours for induction of labor . total of 119 patients received PGE2 gel , 55 in the 2.5-mg group and 64 in the 5.0-mg group . groups were similar with respect to age , parity , race , indication for induction and preinduction Bishop score . doses of PGE2 gel were safe and effective . need for additional doses of gel , the need for and duration of oxytocin use , and the duration of labor were similar in both groups . infants whose mothers received the 5.0-mg dose had one-minute Apgar scores < 7 ( P = .027 ) . significant difference in five-minute Apgar scores was noted . delivery for failed induction was uncommon , occurring in 3.6 % of patients who received 2.5 mg and in 4.7 % of patients who received 5.0 mg of PGE2 gel ( P = NS ) . , the incidence of hyperstimulation was 3.6 % in the 2.5-mg group and 1.6 % in the 5.0-mg group ( P = NS ) . 5-mg dose of PGE2 gel was neither more effective nor associated with more side effects than the more commonly used 2.5-mg dose ."
2406,Abstract #2406,"prospectively assessed response and cure rates of alarm treatment , following pretreatment with antimuscarinics and/or holding exercises aimed at increasing maximum volume voided in 149 children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis . a prior trial the same 149 children had been randomized into 5 groups to assess interventions for increasing maximum volume voided , namely placebo or antimuscarinics with ( groups A and B , respectively ) and without ( C and D , respectively ) holding exercises , and a control group ( E ) receiving just alarm treatment . pretreatment groups A to D received alarm treatment . response and cure rates were assessed , as well as the influence on these rates of baseline maximum volume voided , increase in maximum volume voided after pretreatment , gender , age and previous treatment . full response nor cure was influenced significantly by the increase in maximum volume voided achieved in groups A and B with holding exercises . full response ranged from 50 % to 73 % , and overall cure ranged from 50 % to 67 % . predictors for full response and cure were prior treatment ( p < 0.02 ) and age younger than 8 years ( p < 0.05 ) . monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis increasing maximum volume voided does not affect response or cure rate of subsequent alarm treatment . treatment and age younger than 8 years are possible predictors for response and cure ."
2407,Abstract #2407,"additional analysis of data from a previously reported prospective trial comparing the effect of intraoperative alcohol or saline placebo neurolytic block in patients with pancreatic cancer was conducted in response to the development of a new theory , which explores the relationship of negative mood states to pain , pain-related behavior , and ultimately , longevity . original study used a double-blind procedure to randomly assign 139 patients with histologically proven , unresectable pancreatic cancer to receive either an alcohol or a saline block . on visual analog pain , mood , and interference with activity were collected preoperatively and every 2 months postoperatively until death . current analysis was conducted on the complete data sets received from 130 patients . data were submitted to chi-square analysis and to univariate and multivariate analysis of variance . and multivariate analyses of variance also compared 1 ) the effect of alcohol versus saline on pain , mood , interference of pain with activities , and longevity and 2 ) the impact of mood on pain with longevity as the dependent variable . and regression analyses examined the impact of mood on life expectancy . alcohol intervention had a significant positive effect on life duration and mood scores . negative mood states correlated significantly with an increase in visual analog pain , the rating of pain intensity at its worse , and pain interference with patients ' activities . these subjects , the neurolytic block , as compared with medical management alone , improved pain , elevated mood , reduced pain interference with activity , and was associated with an increase in life expectancy ."
2408,Abstract #2408,"investigate possible effects of high thoracic epidural anesthesia ( HTEA ) on mixed venous oxygen saturation ( SvO2 ) in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery ( CABGS ) MATERIAL AND METHODS : Sixty-four patients scheduled for CABGS were randomly assigned to either test ( HTEA ) or control group . balanced general anesthesia was applied in both groups . arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) , heart rate ( HR ) , oxygen saturation ( SpO2 ) , central venous pressure ( CVP ) , cardiac output ( CO ) , cardiac index ( CI ) , systemic vascular resistance ( SVR ) , pulmonary vascular resistance ( PVR ) , mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( PAP ) , pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ( PCWP ) , pulmonary compliance ( C ) , bispectral index ( BIS ) , body temperature , SvO2 , hematocrit values were recorded before induction . hemodynamic changes , inotropic agent , need for vasodilatation , transfusion and additional analgesics , recovery score , extubation time , visual analogue scale ( VAS ) values , duration of stay in intensive care unit ( ICU ) and hospital were recorded . groups were similar in SpO2 , CVP , PCWP , PAP , C , body temperature , BIS values , development of intraoperative bradycardia . HTEA group , intraoperative MAP , SVR , PVR , need for transfusion were lower , whereas CO , CI , SvO2 , hematocrit values were higher ( p < 0.05 ) . MAP , HR , hypertension development , need for vasodilatator , transfusion , analgesics , extubation time , recovery data , duration of stay in ICU , hospital were lower in HTEA group ( p < 0.05 ) . score decreased in 30 minutes and 12 hours following extubation in HTEA and control group , respectively . may improve balance between oxygen presentation and usage by suppressing neuroendocrin stress response ; provide efficient postoperative analgesia , more stabile hemodynamic , respiratory conditions , lower duration of stay in ICU , hospital ."
2409,Abstract #2409,"potential of task-specific training as a fall-prevention intervention was studied . primary purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which a task-specific training protocol decreased the number of falls by middle-age and older women after a laboratory-induced trip . purposes were to explore the ability of trunk kinematics during the initial recovery step and the length of the initial recovery step to correctly classify the trip outcome and to quantify the extent to which the training protocol affected these variables . community-dwelling women ( n = 52 ) were assigned to either a training group or a control group that received no training . group women participated in an individually tailored , task-specific training protocol during which forward-directed stepping responses were necessary to avoid a fall after treadmill-delivered postural disturbances . the protocol , the ability to avoid a fall after a laboratory-induced trip was assessed . primary outcome variable was the success ( recover ) or failure ( fall ) of the posttrip stepping response . with the control group , there were fewer falls by the trained women after the laboratory-induced trip ( P < 0.001 ; odds ratio = 0.13 ) . logistic regression , falls and recoveries after the trip were sensitively classified by trunk flexion angle at the completion of the initial recovery step and the length of the initial recovery step ( sensitivity = 0.67 , specificity = 0.98 ) , the former of which improved as a result of the task-specific training protocol . task-specific training protocol significantly reduced the number of falls after a laboratory-induced trip . study is required to determine whether this task-specific training reduces falls in the community and , consequently , may complement currently used exercise-based fall prevention intervention methods ."
2410,Abstract #2410,"studies suggest that exogenous surfactant may be of value in the treatment of the acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ) , and two phase 2 clinical trials have shown a trend toward benefit . conducted two phase 3 studies of a protein-containing surfactant in adults with ARDS . two multicenter , randomized , double-blind trials involving 448 patients with ARDS from various causes , we compared standard therapy alone with standard therapy plus up to four intratracheal doses of a recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant given within a period of 24 hours . overall survival rate was 66 percent 28 days after treatment , and the median number of ventilator-free days was 0 ( 68 percent range , 0 to 26 ) ; there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mortality or the need for mechanical ventilation . receiving surfactant had a significantly greater improvement in blood oxygenation during the initial 24 hours of treatment than patients receiving standard therapy , according to both univariate and multivariate analyses . use of exogenous surfactant in a heterogeneous population of patients with ARDS did not improve survival . who received surfactant had a greater improvement in gas exchange during the 24-hour treatment period than patients who received standard therapy alone , suggesting the potential benefit of a longer treatment course ."
2411,Abstract #2411,"benefit of combined mechanical and pharmacologic methods for venous thromboembolism prevention after abdominal surgery has not been clearly established . compare the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux in conjunction with intermittent pneumatic compression vs. intermittent pneumatic compression alone in this context . was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled superiority trial . aged at least 40 years undergoing abdominal surgery were randomized to receive either fondaparinux 2.5 mg or placebo s.c. for 5-9 days , starting 6-8 h postoperatively . patients received intermittent pneumatic compression . primary efficacy outcome was venous thromboembolism up to day 10 . main safety outcomes were major bleeding and all-cause mortality . lasted 32 days . the 1309 patients randomized , 842 ( 64.3 % ) were evaluable for efficacy . venous thromboembolism rate was 1.7 % ( 7/424 ) in the fondaparinux-treated patients and 5.3 % ( 22/418 ) in the placebo-treated patients ( odds ratio reduction 69.8 % ; 95 % confidence interval 27.9-87 .3 ; P = 0.004 ) . significantly reduced the proximal deep vein thrombosis rate from 1.7 % ( 7/417 ) to 0.2 % ( 1/424 ; P = 0.037 ) . bleeds occurred in 1.6 % ( 10/635 ) and 0.2 % ( 1/650 ) of fondaparinux-treated and placebo-treated patients , respectively ( P = 0.006 ) , none being fatal or involving a critical organ . day 32 , eight patients ( 1.3 % ) receiving fondaparinux and five ( 0.8 % ) receiving placebo had died . patients undergoing abdominal surgery and receiving intermittent pneumatic compression , fondaparinux 2.5 mg reduced the venous thromboembolism rate by 69.8 % as compared to pneumatic compression alone , with a low bleeding risk as compared to placebo ."
2412,Abstract #2412,", a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator , has been shown in a phase 2 trial to be beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension . this phase 3 , double-blind study , we randomly assigned 443 patients with symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension to receive placebo , riociguat in individually adjusted doses of up to 2.5 mg three times daily ( 2.5 mg-maximum group ) , or riociguat in individually adjusted doses that were capped at 1.5 mg three times daily ( 1.5 mg-maximum group ) . 1.5 mg-maximum group was included for exploratory purposes , and the data from that group were analyzed descriptively . who were receiving no other treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and patients who were receiving endothelin-receptor antagonists or ( nonintravenous ) prostanoids were eligible . primary end point was the change from baseline to the end of week 12 in the distance walked in 6 minutes . end points included the change in pulmonary vascular resistance , N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) levels , World Health Organization ( WHO ) functional class , time to clinical worsening , score on the Borg dyspnea scale , quality-of-life variables , and safety . week 12 , the 6-minute walk distance had increased by a mean of 30 m in the 2.5 mg-maximum group and had decreased by a mean of 6 m in the placebo group ( least-squares mean difference , 36 m ; 95 % confidence interval , 20 to 52 ; P < 0.001 ) . subgroup analyses showed that riociguat improved the 6-minute walk distance both in patients who were receiving no other treatment for the disease and in those who were receiving endothelin-receptor antagonists or prostanoids . were significant improvements in pulmonary vascular resistance ( P < 0.001 ) , NT-proBNP levels ( P < 0.001 ) , WHO functional class ( P = 0.003 ) , time to clinical worsening ( P = 0.005 ) , and Borg dyspnea score ( P = 0.002 ) . most common serious adverse event in the placebo group and the 2.5 mg-maximum group was syncope ( 4 % and 1 % , respectively ) . significantly improved exercise capacity and secondary efficacy end points in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension . Funded by Bayer HealthCare ; PATENT-1 and PATENT-2 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers , NCT00810693 and NCT00863681 , respectively . )"
2413,Abstract #2413,"study aimed to investigate the effect of prandial status and caloric and fat composition of meals on the pharmacokinetics of lurasidone . randomized , open-label , crossover studies were conducted in clinically stable adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder . 1 ( n = 16 ) evaluated the effect of fasting and three meal types ( 100kcal/medium fat , 200kcal/medium fat , and 800-1000kcal / high fat ) , and Study 2 ( n = 26 ) evaluated the effect of fasting and five meal types ( 350kcal/high fat , 500kcal/low fat , 500kcal/high fat , 800-1000kcal / low fat , and 800-1000kcal / high fat ) on the bioavailability of lurasidone . received lurasidone 120mg once daily . serum concentration ( Cmax ) and area under the serum concentration-time curve over the dosing interval ( AUC0-tau ) were determined on Day 5 for each meal type . Study 1 , the geometric mean Cmax in the fasted state was 56.7 ng/mL compared with 123.0 ng/mL for the 800 - to 1000-kcal meal ; mean AUC0-tau was 360.0 versus 752.4 ngh/mL ( both p < 0.001 ) . exposure following meals containing 100 and 200kcal was substantially lower than with meals containing 800-1000kcal . Study 2 , the geometric mean Cmax was 52.9 ng/mL in the fasted state , 161ng/mL for the 350-kcal/high-fat meal , 135ng/mL for the 500-kcal/high-fat meal , and 131ng/mL for the 800 - to 1000-kcal/high-fat meal ; mean AUC0-tau was 390 , 743 , 727 , and 769ngh/mL , respectively . all comparisons , the 90 % confidence interval of the fed to fasted ratios indicated nonequivalence . exposure was similar following meals containing 350-1000kcal and was independent of fat content . should be administered with food-at least 350kcal-to ensure maximum exposure ."
2414,Abstract #2414,"effects of two different closed kinetic chain exercises were compared in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome ( PFPS ) . female patients with unilateral PFPS were randomly divided into two groups to receive exercises with the hip internally rotated ( n = 20 , mean age 39.1 + or - 8.0 years ) or externally rotated ( n = 20 , mean age 36.1 + or - 8.7 years ) with the use of the Monitored Rehab Functional Squat ( MRFS ) System . duration of exercises was four weeks with a total of 20 sessions . groups were evaluated before therapy , after four weeks of exercises , and after six weeks of home exercise program with the MRFS System for muscle strength and proprioception , with a visual analog scale for pain , and with the Kujala questionnaire for functional assessment . baseline features , the only significant difference between the two groups was in the mean height ( p < 0.05 ) . severity decreased significantly in both groups after treatment and home exercises ( p < 0.05 ) . and eccentric peak forces , concentric proprioceptive deficit , and Kujala scores improved significantly in both groups after treatment ( p < 0.05 ) , whereas improvements after home exercises were not significant in this respect ( p > 0.05 ) . proprioceptive deficit , however , did not change significantly both after treatment and home exercises ( p > 0.05 ) . significant differences were observed between the two groups during the study period with respect to the parameters assessed ( p > 0.05 ) . results show that functional knee squat exercises with internally and externally rotated hip positions provide similar improvements in muscle strength and proprioception in patients with PFPS ."
2415,Abstract #2415,"patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia ( CP-CML ) , imatinib resistance is of increasing importance . dose escalation was the main treatment option before dasatinib , which has 325-fold more potent inhibition than imatinib against unmutated Bcr-Abl in vitro . with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were available for the current study of dasatinib and high-dose imatinib in CP-CML resistant to imatinib at daily doses from 400 mg to 600 mg . phase 2 , open-label study was initiated of 150 patients with imatinib-resistant CP-CML who were randomized ( 2:1 ) to receive either dasatinib 70 mg twice daily ( n = 101 ) or high-dose imatinib 800 mg ( 400 mg twice daily ; n = 49 ) . a minimum follow-up of 2 years , dasatinib demonstrated higher rates of complete hematologic response ( 93 % vs 82 % ; P = .034 ) , major cytogenetic response ( MCyR ) ( 53 % vs 33 % ; P = .017 ) , and complete cytogenetic response ( 44 % vs 18 % ; P = .0025 ) . 18 months , the MCyR was maintained in 90 % of patients on the dasatinib arm and in 74 % of patients on the high-dose imatinib arm . molecular response rates also were more frequent with dasatinib than with high-dose imatinib ( 29 % vs 12 % ; P = .028 ) . estimated progression-free survival also favored dasatinib ( unstratified log-rank test ; P = .0012 ) . 2 years of follow-up , dasatinib demonstrated durable responses and improved response and progression-free survival rates relative to high-dose imatinib ."
2416,Abstract #2416,"wall down and intact canal wall tympanomastoidectomy represent two surgical approaches to middle ear pathology . authors hypothesize that there is a difference in the ability to view structures in the middle ear between these two methods . on the individual , many surgeons have used the two different techniques of intact canal wall and canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy for approaching the middle ear . , opinions conflict as to which approach provides the best visualization of different locations in the middle ear . study prospectively evaluated temporal bones to determine the differences in visualizing structures of the middle ear using these two approaches . temporal bones underwent a standardized canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy using a reversible canal wall down technique . bones were viewed in two dissections : intact canal wall and canal wall down preparations . points previously had been marked on each temporal bone in randomly assigned colors . points include the sinus tympani , posterior crus of stapes , lateral epitympanum , and the Eustachian tube orifice . observer blinded to the purpose of the study , color , and number of locations recorded the color and location of marks observed within the temporal bones . bones of two separate settings were viewed such that each bone was viewed in both the canal wall down and the intact canal wall preparations . significant difference was noted in the ability to observe middle ear pathology between the intact canal wall versus canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy , with the latter showing superiority ( p < 0.001 ) . the four subsites , the sinus tympani , posterior crus of stapes , and lateral epitympanum were observed more frequently with the canal wall down . was no significant difference in the ability to observe the Eustachian tube orifice between the two techniques . analysis shows good reproducibility and randomization of this study . canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy allowed for superior viewing of the three locations , sinus tympanic , posterior crus of stapes , and lateral at the tympanum , as they were marked in the study . study shows the potential for improved visualization via the canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy . significant amount of literature written by individuals and otology group practices is available retrospectively comparing the advantages and disadvantages of intact canal wall versus canal wall down mastoidectomy procedures for approaching middle ear pathology . the interest of objectively evaluating the differences between these two approaches , we have studied temporal bones in a prospective randomized , blinded study comparing the two . bones were used and observed twice , once in each of 2 sessions . bones were viewed in two dissections : intact canal wall and canal wall down mastoidectomy . points were marked on each temporal bone in three different colors applied in a randomized order to eliminate observer expectation . four points marked include sinus tympani , posterior crus of the stapes footplate , lateral epitympanum , and Eustachian tube orifice . intact canal wall and canal wall down bones were provided randomly to the observer at each viewing session . the observer was allowed to see the dissections , those requiring replacement of the canal for the first session of the study had this done in a method using native posterior bony canal . bones were presented to an expert otologist in a randomized fashion with each temporal bone being placed in a temporal bone bowl holder and specialized framework , allowing for rotation and repositioning approximating the experience in an operating room setting . each temporal bone , the observer filled in a questionnaire describing his or her observations by denoting both location and color of marks observed . ABSTRACT TRUNCATED )"
2417,Abstract #2417,"compare the vision-screening results of school-aged children tested with EyeSpy software and those of children examined by a pediatric ophthalmologist . also compared combined results of an electronic visual acuity ( EVA ) tester and stereopsis testing to the results of a professional eye examination . this pilot study , all children were tested with an EyeSpy and ETDRS EVA tester , followed by ocular examination including stereopsis assessment and cyclopegic refraction . order of presentation of the EVA and EyeSpy assessments was assigned randomly . EyeSpy test was performed twice ( with an occlusive eyepatch and red-blue dissociative goggles ) . registered pass or refer results for visual acuity testing at a threshold of 20/32 visual acuity and stereopsis of 300 arcsec . threshold values were used in the EVA/stereopsis testing . average age of 72 subjects was 11.4 + / - 2.2 years . of visual impairment was 25 ( 34.7 % ) of 72 as reported by the professional examination . sensitivity , specificity , and conventional positive likelihood ratio were 88 % , 87 % , and 6.8 when EyeSpy was used with a patch ; 88 % , 74 % , and 3.44 when EyeSpy was used with goggles ; and 88 % , 94 % , and 13.79 for EVA/stereospsis , respectively , compared with the gold-standard professional eye examination . screening results using a patch were not significantly different than those of a professional examination ( p = 0.508 ) . 2 results concurred in 63 ( 87.5 % ) of 72 subjects . software has potential for use as a vision-screening device . use of EyeSpy with an occlusive patch outperformed EyeSpy with dissociative glasses ."
2418,Abstract #2418,"compare the analgesic effects of three different delivery techniques of sub-Tenon 's anaesthesia in cataract surgery by assessing patients ' response to the visceral stimulus . prospective , randomised study was conducted on 345 eyes of 345 patients undergoing phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation . received anaesthetic infiltration into the sub-Tenon 's space through a conjunctival incision ( 115 eyes ) , infiltration into the posterior sub-Tenon 's space ( retrobulbar space ) through a conjunctival incision ( 114 eyes ) , or injection into the intra-Tenon 's space ( subconjunctival space ) without making a conjunctival incision ( 116 eyes ) . scores were recorded when the anterior chamber was irrigated with an acetylcholine chloride solution to achieve miosis after lens implantation . were no significant differences in pain scores among the three groups ( chi-squared test of homogeneity , p = 0.814 ) . 10-20 % of patients reported slight to severe pain at the time of acetylcholine administration . three anaesthetic delivery methods of sub-Tenon 's anaesthesia possess similar and reasonable analgesic effects in cataract surgery , but may not block visceral stimuli completely ."
2419,Abstract #2419,"circuit of seven exercises was designed for a cardiac population . study evaluated whether the patients achieved their training heart rate during the circuit , recommended to be 70-85 % of the maximum heart rate achieved during an exercise test . were randomly allocated to a starting exercise to balance any order effect from performing the exercises in a given sequence . of the seven exercises was performed for 30 s , so one circuit lasted 3.5 min . circuit was repeated five times . patients who had had myocardial infarctions within 6 weeks of the study participated . rate was measured to assess the stress placed on the cardiorespiratory system during the circuit . were taken at 10 and 20 s following the termination of each exercise and over two repetitions of the circuit ( a total of 14 exercise periods ) . of the readings taken at 10 and 20 s indicated , contrary to previously published findings , that no significant heart rate deceleration occurred within this period . exercise maintained the mean heart rate within the specified band of 70-85 % of the maximum heart rate achieved during the exercise test . study has shown that the selected exercises were suitable for use during a cardiac rehabilitation programme ."
2420,Abstract #2420,"study evaluated the efficacy of a comprehensive stress management program in reducing perceived stress among women who reported moderate-to-high stress levels . total of 562 highly motivated females , aged 25-45 , with moderate to high stress levels , were enrolled in a 14-week study . were randomized into one of three groups : Group 1 included Internet-based coaching focusing on behavior modification , daily use of proprietary olfactive-based personal care products , and periodic feedback reports ; Group 2 consisted of only online coaching ; and Group 3 had no active stress management program . in the three groups filled out validated psychometric assessments at baseline and throughout the study period . outcomes including Perceived Stress Scale ( PSS ) , Profile of Mood States ( POMS ) , St Mary 's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire ( SMS ) , the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress ( TICS ) , Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) , Short-Form-36 ( SF-36 ) and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment ( WPAI ) , were measured periodically to assess changes in subject-perceived stress , stress-related comorbidities , and sleep quality and to evaluate overall program efficacy . approval of protocols was conducted by the Allendale Investigational Review Board ( AIRB ) . informed consent was obtained from each subject . the end of the 14-week study period , subjects in Group 1 had statistically significant improvement in the PSS score vs. Group 3 ( p < 0.01 ) . were statistically significant improvements in other efficacy outcomes such as POMS total mood disturbance , TICS work overload and social responsibility subscales , STAI and in the number of night awakenings , assessed by the SMS questionnaire ( p < 0.05 ) . program efficacy was also significantly higher for Group 1 ( p < 0.001 ) . study limitations , including reduction of stress in Group 3 , this study demonstrates that this comprehensive stress management program is effective in reducing stress among women with moderate to high stress levels ."
2421,Abstract #2421,"is commonly administered to postparturient dairy cows , which often have low plasma phosphorus concentration ( [ P ] ) as a result of anorexia and sudden onset of lactation . ( IV ) dextrose administration causes hypophosphatemia in other species . administration of dextrose to postparturient dairy cows results in a transient decrease in plasma [ P ] . healthy postparturient dairy cows . a crossover design , cows were administered 500 mL of 50 % dextrose solution IV or a sham treatment . concentrations of glucose ( [ glucose ] ) , immunoreactive insulin ( [ IRI ] ) , and phosphorus were monitored for 12 hours after each treatment . [ P ] , [ glucose ] , and volume and salivary [ P ] were also determined . [ glucose ] , [ IRI ] , and [ P ] were stable during sham treatment . [ P ] decreased rapidly after dextrose administration , dropping by 35 % in 1 hour and remaining below baseline for 90 minutes . [ P ] , urine [ P ] , and urine volume per hour remained stable after dextrose administration , but glucose was detected in urine for up to 6 hours . amount of glucose excreted in urine in 12 hours ( 11.9 + / -4.5 g ) was less than 5 % of the administered dose . analysis revealed a stronger association between plasma [ P ] and [ IRI ] than between plasma [ P ] and [ glucose ] , suggesting that hyperinsulinemia drove the hypophosphatemia . indicate that low plasma [ P ] should be expected in cows that have received IV dextrose within 1 hour before blood sampling . is advised when administering dextrose solution to cows already at risk of hypophosphatemia ."
2422,Abstract #2422,"randomized clinical trial compares the outcomes of combination treatment by autogenous periosteal membranes and bone graft versus guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) with collagen membranes or open-flap debridement ( OFD ) only in the treatment of intraosseous defects . patients affected by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled . patient had one deep intrabony defect ( 6 mm ) . were randomly assigned into three groups : patients treated with 1 ) an OFD procedure alone ( OFD group ) ; 2 ) a GTR procedure with collagen membranes ( GTR group ) ; and 3 ) a combined treatment procedure by autogenous periosteal membranes and autogenous bone chips ( aCPRT group ) . and intrasurgical examinations including probing depth ( PD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , gingival recession ( GR ) , and defect bone level ( DBL ) were performed at baseline and after 1 year . 1 year , all of the evaluated clinical parameters showed statistically significant changes from baseline within each group ( P < 0.01 ) . GTR and aCPRT groups had significantly greater PD reductions ( 5.2 and 4.4 mm , respectively ) and CAL ( 3.2 and 3.9 mm ) and DBL gains ( 2.4 and 3.1 mm ) compared to the OFD group ( PD , 2.9 mm ; CAL , 1.6 mm ; DBL , 1.5 mm ) ; moreover , the aCPRT group showed a significantly smaller GR increase ( 0.5 mm ) and a greater DBL gain ( 3.1 mm ) compared to the GTR group ( 2 and 2.4 mm , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) . the GTR and aCPRT treatments produce additional clinical benefits over OFD alone . , the aCPRT technique can minimize post-surgical GR and produce better defect bone-level improvement ."
2423,Abstract #2423,"a randomized controlled study aiming to test the effectiveness of preimplantation genetic screening ( PGS ) in women of advanced maternal age , embryos diagnosed as chromosomally abnormal and those with no diagnosis were fixed for reanalysis . aim of this study was to determine how well the chromosomal constitution of one biopsied blastomere reflects the status of the entire embryo . hundred and seventy-three embryos diagnosed as chromosomally abnormal , 22 with no PGS result and four degenerated embryos originally diagnosed as normal were fixed and reanalysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization . total , 199 embryos were fixed , of which 166 were successfully reanalysed . hundred and sixty embryos were found to be chromosomally abnormal ; 48 of the reanalysed embryos with an initial diagnosis ( 149 ) had at least one cell with exactly the same chromosomal constitution shown in the first PGS analysis ( 34.2 % ) . reanalysis confirmed the initial overall chromosomally abnormal status of the embryo in 95.9 % of the cases . all chromosomally abnormal embryos , 4.1 % were diagnosed as false positive . risk for false negative rate was at least 4.1 % . seems to be a good method for selecting against chromosomally abnormal embryos but not for determining an embryo 's exact chromosomal constitution ."
2424,Abstract #2424,"sleep apnea has been associated with impaired endothelial function ; however , the mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood . microparticles may provide a link between obstructive sleep apnea and endothelial dysfunction . randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effect of a 2-week withdrawal of continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) therapy on levels of circulating microparticles . obstructive sleep apnea patients established on CPAP treatment were randomized to either CPAP withdrawal ( subtherapeutic CPAP ) or continuing therapeutic CPAP , for 2 weeks . was performed and circulating levels of microparticles were analyzed by flow cytometry at baseline and 2 weeks . withdrawal led to a recurrence of obstructive sleep apnea . of CD62E + endothelium-derived microparticles increased significantly in the CPAP withdrawal group compared to the continuing therapeutic CPAP group ( median difference in change +32.4 per l ; 95 % CI +7.3 to +64.1 per l , p = 0.010 ) . withdrawal was not associated with a statistically significant increase in granulocyte , leukocyte , and platelet-derived microparticles when compared with therapeutic CPAP . withdrawal of CPAP therapy leads to a significant increase in endothelium-derived microparticles , suggesting that microparticle formation may be causally linked to obstructive sleep apnea and may promote endothelial activation ."
2425,Abstract #2425,"estimated 42 % of cancer patients suffer from poorly controlled pain , in part because of patient-related barriers to pain control . objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an individualized education and coaching intervention on pain outcomes and pain-related knowledge among outpatients with cancer-related pain . cancer patients ( 18 to 75 years old ) with moderate pain over the past 2 weeks were randomly assigned to the experimental ( n = 34 ) or control group ( n = 33 ) . patients received a 20-minute individualized education and coaching session to increase knowledge of pain self-management , to redress personal misconceptions about pain treatment , and to rehearse an individually scripted patient-physician dialog about pain control . control group received standardized instruction on controlling pain . on average pain , functional impairment as a result of pain , pain frequency , and pain-related knowledge were collected at enrollment and 2-week follow-up . baseline , there were no significant differences between experimental and control groups in terms of average pain , functional impairment as a result of pain , pain frequency , or pain-related knowledge . follow-up , average pain severity improved significantly more among experimental group patients than among control patients ( P = .014 ) . intervention had no statistically significant impact on functional impairment as a result of pain , pain frequency , or pain-related knowledge . with provision of standard educational materials and counseling , a brief individualized education and coaching intervention for outpatients with cancer-related pain was associated with improvement in average pain levels . studies are needed to validate these effects and elucidate their mechanisms ."
2426,Abstract #2426,"compare the magnitudes of the immediate effects of the nebulized beta-agonists isoetharine and albuterol in the treatment of acute severe asthma . adults presenting with severe asthma exacerbations ( forced expiratory volumes in the first second of exhalation [ FEV1 ] < 40 % of predicted ) to the emergency department were randomized ( double-blind ) to receive hourly inhaled nebulization treatment with either isoetharine ( 5 mg ) or albuterol ( 2.5 mg ) . FEV1 was measured immediately before and after each nebulized treatment . side effects were recorded . after the first nebulized treatment , the isoetharine group improved its mean FEV1 ( + / - SEM ) by a significantly greater amount than did the albuterol group : 60 % + / - 11 % versus 39 % + / - 5 % , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . hour later the mean FEV1 were equivalent . pattern repeated itself after the second hourly treatment . two groups did not differ in any outcome parameters ( FEV1 at discharge , number of nebulized treatments required , the number of inpatient admissions , number of clinical relapses after discharge ) . patients treated with isoetharine had side effects ( 36 % versus 4 % for albuterol , P < 0.01 ) , 1 of whom required discontinuation from the study . medications were equally effective in alleviating bronchospasm . immediate effect of isoetharine was significantly greater , but equalized that of albuterol within an hour after treatment . were more side effects with isoetharine ."
2427,Abstract #2427,"( COX-2 ) protein expression in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) may be not only a prognostic marker but also predictive for COX-2 inhibition . hypothesized that COX-2 expression is associated with shorter survival and that celecoxib , being a potent COX-2 inhibitor , increases tumor response and survival . phase III study was performed in patients with stage IIIb/IV NSCLC who had pathologic confirmation , no prior chemotherapy , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2 , and adequate organ function . consisted of docetaxel and carboplatin every 3 weeks for five cycles . were randomly assigned to receive celecoxib 400 mg or placebo twice daily . expression on tumor cells was detected by immunohistochemistry . end point was overall survival ( OS ) . July 2003 to December 2007 , 561 patients were randomly assigned . was mild , and no increase in cardiovascular events was observed . response was 38 % in the celecoxib arm and 30 % in the placebo arm ( P = .08 ) . progression-free survival was 4.5 months ( 95 % CI , 4.0 to 4.8 ) for the celecoxib arm and 4.0 months ( 95 % CI , 3.6 to 4.9 ) for the placebo arm ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.8 ; 95 % CI , 0.6 to 1.1 ; P = .25 ) . OS was 8.2 months ( 95 % CI , 7.5 to 8.8 ) for both treatment arms ( HR , 0.9 ; 95 % CI , 0.6 to 1.2 ; P = .32 ) . expression did not independently predict survival . from celecoxib , restricted to patients with low COX-2 expression , was not significant when adjusted for prognostic factors . advanced NSCLC , celecoxib does not improve survival . this study , COX-2 expression was not a prognostic biomarker and had no predictive value when celecoxib was added to chemotherapy ."
2428,Abstract #2428,"intubation is an essential skill in anaesthesiology that is challenging to learn in the clinical setting . goal of this study was to evaluate ` virtual fibreoptic intubation ' ( VFI ) software as an adjunct to the traditional fibreoptic intubation teaching . informed consent , 42 undergraduate medical students were randomized into two groups . ` control group ' was taught conventionally by an expert bronchoscopist with a 1 h lecture . addition to the didactic lecture by the expert , the ` VFI group ' was given the VFI CD-ROM , and students self-trained with the software until they felt competent performing a virtual fibreoptic bronchoscopy on the normal patient models . were evaluated 2 weeks later on their first orotracheal fibreoptic intubation of an airway manikin . primary endpoint was success , as evaluated by a staff anaesthesiologist blinded to the group of teaching . intubation ability was the secondary endpoint . fibreoptic intubation success rate was significantly higher in the VFI group than in the control group ( 81 versus 52 % , P < 0.05 ) . 10 failures in the control group , nine were due to oesophageal intubation as compared with only one out of four in the VFI group . four failures in the VFI group , three were because of taking longer than 4 min as compared with only one out of 10 in the control group . VFI group tended towards better ability in the procedural skills of fibreoptic intubation than the control group . in fibreoptic intubation with the VFI software may improve the acquisition of fibreoptic intubation skills ."
2429,Abstract #2429,"with olanzapine is associated with obesity , diabetes mellitus , and dyslipidemia . have indicated that orally disintegrating tablets ( ODT ) cause less weight gain than oral standard tablets ( OST ) . aim of this study was to compare the effect of short-term treatment with these 2 distinct olanzapine formulations on glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy men . healthy men ( mean SEM age : 25.1 5.5 years ) received olanzapine ODT ( 10 mg od , 8 days ) , olanzapine OST ( 10 mg od , 8 days ) , or no intervention in a randomized crossover design . breakfast and dinner , glucose , insulin , free fatty acids ( FFA ) , and triglyceride concentrations were measured at 10-minute intervals from 30 minutes prior to 2 hours after ingestion of standard meals . and adiponectin concentrations were measured at 20 - and 30-minute intervals , respectively , between 0000h-1200h . activity was assessed with an accelerometer . oxidation was measured in fasting condition by indirect calorimetry . study was conducted from April 2006 through September 2006 . with olanzapine ODT and OST equally elevated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) ( P = .005 ) . breakfast , both formulations equally increased fasting and postprandial triglyceride concentrations ( P = .013 and P = .005 , respectively ) while decreasing fasting and postprandial FFA concentrations ( P = .004 and P = .009 , respectively ) . weight , body composition , physical activity , or fuel oxidation did not differ between treatment modalities . days of treatment with both olanzapine formulations similarly increased HOMA-IR and triglyceride concentrations and decreased FFA concentrations in response to standard meals without affecting anthropometrics or physical activity . data suggest that olanzapine hampers insulin action via mechanistic routes other than body adiposity or physical inactivity . . . : ISRCTN17632637 ."
2430,Abstract #2430,"recovery from a unilateral cortical stroke , spared cortical motor areas in the contralateral ( intact ) cerebral cortex are recruited . studies have demonstrated that compensation with the less-impaired limb may have a detrimental inhibitory effect on the intact cortical hemisphere and could impede recovery of the more-impaired limb . , evidence from detailed neurophysiological mapping studies in animal models is lacking . present study examines neurophysiological changes in the intact hemisphere of the rat following a unilateral ischemic infarct to cortical forelimb motor areas . total of 8 rats were trained for 2 weeks on a reach and retrieval task prior to an ischemic infarct induced by the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 injected into the cortical gray matter encompassing the 2 forelimb motor representations : the caudal forelimb area ( CFA ) and the rostral forelimb area ( RFA ) . were randomly assigned to an infarct/training group ( n = 4 ) or an infarct/no-training group ( ie , spontaneous recovery , n = 4 ) . a 5-week postinfarct period , motor areas of the intact hemisphere ( CFA and RFA ) were characterized using intracortical microstimulation techniques . resulting maps of evoked movements were compared with maps derived from CFA and RFA in normal rats ( normal , n = 5 ; normal/training , n = 4 ) . with the normal/no-training group , CFA representations were significantly smaller in the infarct/training group but not in the infarct/no-training group . significant differences were found in RFA . training of the more-impaired forelimb during the postinfarct recovery period reduces the size of motor representations in the intact hemisphere ."
2431,Abstract #2431,"prospective , randomized study was performed to evaluate two variations of the duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection ( DPPHR ) , either with ( Beger procedure ) or without ( Berne modification ) the division of the pancreas anterior to the portal vein , in patients with chronic pancreatitis . , controlled , patient-blinded trial of patients with inflammatory pancreatic head tumors . primary endpoint was the duration of surgery . a priori-ordered endpoints were length of ICU stay , postoperative complication , length of hospital stay , and quality of life after 24 months . patients were randomized to the Berne or Beger procedures . Berne modification could be performed faster ( 46 minutes difference , P < .05 ) . median length of stay on the ICU was one day in both groups ( P = .97 ) but the median hospital stay was shorter in the Berne group ( 11 ( 8-39 ) versus 15 ( 8-47 ) ; P = .015 ) . quality of life two years after surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups ( EORTC-QLQ-C30 , Beger 65.6 % vs. Berne 71.3 % , P = .371 ) . patients who had received the Berne procedure were reoperated on during the follow-up period due to ongoing pancreatitis and bile duct obstruction ( P = .22 ) . Berne technique is technically simpler compared with the original Beger procedure , reflected in its significantly shorter operation times and hospital stays . quality of life is similar after both procedures . Berne modification of DPPHR adds to our panel of surgical procedures that can be applied with effective early and late outcomes ."
2432,Abstract #2432,"analysis investigated the association of oral contraceptive efficacy with body weight and body mass index ( BMI ) for hypothesis-generating purposes . were from a randomized , parallel-group trial of 180/215/250 mcg of norgestimate ( NGM ) / 25 mcg of ethinyl estradiol ( EE ) ( given to 1671 women ) and 1 mg of norethindrone acetate ( NETA ) / 20 mcg of EE ( given to 1139 women ) . were evaluated across BMI deciles and by BMI and body weight dichotomies . Pearl index was calculated for each treatment group . relative risk ( RR ) of pregnancy was calculated with a Cox proportional hazards model . Pearl index for women who received NGM/EE was 2.36 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) = 1.33-3 .40 ] ; for those who received NETA/EE , the Pearl index was 3.29 ( 95 % CI = 1.81-4 .77 ) . , weak positive associations between weight and pregnancy risk were found . , for women with a BMI > or = 25 kg/m ( 2 ) ( compared with women with a BMI < 25 kg/m ( 2 ) ) , the RR of pregnancy was 1.84 ( 95 % CI = 0.98-3 .45 ) ; that for women who received NGM/EE was 1.39 ( 95 % CI = 0.57-3 .40 ) , whereas that for women who received NETA/EE was 2.49 ( 95 % CI = 1.01-6 .13 ) . women with a body weight > or = 70 kg ( compared with women with a body weight < 70 kg ) , the RR was 1.25 ( 95 % CI = 0.63-2 .46 ) ; that for women who received NGM/EE was 1.41 ( 95 % CI = 0.56-3 .54 ) , whereas that for women who received NETA/EE was 1.12 ( 95 % CI = 0.40-3 .12 ) . in the higher body weight or BMI category showed a small increase in the risk of pregnancy with these oral contraceptives , but this increase was not statistically significant overall or for either formulation studied ."
2433,Abstract #2433,"evaluated the tolerability , adverse events profile , pharmacokinetics , and pharmacodynamics of CHF 4227 , a new selective oestrogen receptor modulator ( SERM ) , in healthy postmenopausal women . phase I studies were conducted according to a double-bind , placebo-controlled design . were randomized to receive six single ( 5-400 mg ) or five multiple oral doses of CHF 4227 for 28 days ( 5-100 mg ) . vaginal bleeding and no changes in either endometrial thickness or the placenta protein 14 marker were found after 4 weeks of treatment . compound did not induce negative effects on the fibrinolytic system . 28 days of treatment , CHF 4227 decreased both total and LDL cholesterol concentrations ( maximum decreases from baseline of 17.4 % ( 95 % CI 7.0 , 27.7 ) and 27.6 % ( 95 % CI 9.0 , 46.3 ) , respectively ) . in both serum and urinary type-I C-terminal collagen telopeptide were also observed producing maximum changes of 40.6 % ( 95 % CI 29.5 , 51.7 ) , and 41.7 % ( 95 % CI 20.3 , 56.8 ) , respectively . ( 5 and 10 mg ) induced near maximal oestrogen-like effects on bone markers and serum lipids without causing hot flushes . pharmacokinetics of CHF 4227 were characterized by a slow absorption , a long elimination half-life ( 31-42 h after single administration ) and dose linearity with respect to C ( max ) and AUC up to 100 mg . 4227 is a well-tolerated SERM when administered once daily for 28 days . is potentially active on bone resorption and serum lipids , without affecting the endometrium and without worsening hot flushes . 4227 is a promising agent for the treatment of several conditions in postmenopausal women ."
2434,Abstract #2434,"determine in a prospective study if the use of two low-dose estrogen oral contraceptives is associated with changes in weight or body composition . outpatients referring to the family planning service , aged 18-43 years were randomly assigned to a treatment with the EE/desogestrel or EE/gestodene association , 20 patients with IUD , aged 26-40 years , were selected as a control group . data and body composition were taken at enrollment and after 6 and 12 months . measurements included body mass index ( BMI ) , body composition estimated by mean of Bioelectrical Impendance Analysis ( BIA ) . the three groups weight , BMI , and total body water ( TBW ) , and body cellular mass ( BCM ) remained unchanged during the study period . use of EE/desogestrel and EE/gestodene is not associated with significant variations of body weight and body composition during one year treatment ."
2435,Abstract #2435,"investigate the effect and usefulness of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic ( EMLA ) applied with an occlusive dressing and used simultaneously with a low dose of fentanyl during shockwave lithotripsy ( SWL ) . hundred sixty patients with kidney stones , aged between 19 and 68 years , were randomly divided into seven groups that were treated as follows : group 1 : fentanyl 1 microg/kg by intravenous infusion ( IV ) ; group 2 : IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg ; group 3 : occlusive dressing and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg ; group 4 : placebo cream and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg ; group 5 : EMLA cream and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg ; group 6 : placebo cream and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg with an occlusive dressing ; and group 7 : EMLA cream and IV fentanyl 0.25 microg/kg with an occlusive dressing . mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) , heart rate , ventilatory rate , and oxygen saturation ( SpO ( 2 ) ) were recorded on all patients . visual analog scale 0-100 mm ( VAS ) was used for the evaluation of pain . skin integrity was inspected to detect any lesions after SWL . SpO ( 2 ) in group 1 was lower statistically than in the other groups . VAS score in group 7 was clearly lower than in the others in the first , tenth , and twentieth minutes and at the end of SWL . groups 6 and 7 , additional fentanyl doses were lower than in the other groups , but only in group 7 was the total fentanyl dosage low . lesions were not seen only in groups 3 , 6 , and 7 . of EMLA and an occlusive dressing with low doses of fentanyl during SWL provides appropriate analgesia with minimal morbidity ."
2436,Abstract #2436,"potential side effect of dentist-dispensed home tooth-whitening systems is tooth sensitivity . authors conducted a randomized prospective double-blind study to determine the incidence of tooth sensitivity after home whitening treatment . adult subjects used a gel containing 15 percent carbamide peroxide and 0.11 percent fluoride ion ; an additional 50 adult subjects used a placebo gel daily for four weeks . subject 's plaque index score , gingival recession status , caries status , current dentifrice and smoking history were recorded at baseline . researchers evaluated sensitivity weekly by interview for four weeks . percent of subjects in both test and control groups reported mild sensitivity ; 10 percent of test subjects and 2 percent of control subjects reported moderate sensitivity ; 4 percent of test subjects and no control subjects reported severe sensitivity . decreased with time ; by the second week , no severe sensitivity was reported , and by the fourth week , no moderate sensitivity was reported . authors found a statistically significant positive correlation between reported sensitivity and gingival recession . found no statistically significant correlations between sensitivity and any of the other recorded parameters . tooth sensitivity can be expected in approximately one-half of patients who undergo home whitening treatment using the gel studied . 10 percent of patients may experience moderate sensitivity , and 4 percent of patients may experience severe sensitivity for one to two weeks . with gingival recession appear more likely to experience tooth sensitivity during home whitening treatment . considering home whitening treatment should be advised that mild tooth sensitivity is a common side effect and that severe tooth sensitivity occasionally occurs . gingival recession is present , the probability of tooth sensitivity increases , and tooth sensitivity tends to decrease as treatment progresses ."
2437,Abstract #2437,"health care workers suffer severe hand irritation , with cracking and bleeding , as a consequence of frequent handwashing and glove use . breakdown has major implications for nosocomial infection control and promotes the spread of bloodborne viruses . potential benefits of scheduled use of hand-care agents-lotions or creams-in health care workers has not been established by controlled trial . compare the value of an oil-containing lotion with a novel barrier skin cream in health care workers with severe hand irritation . , randomized , double-blind trial . medical center . health care workers from multiple departments with severe hand irritation , 74 % with one or more full-thickness cracks or other integumentary breaks . and subjective parameters for scaling , cracking , weeping , bleeding , and pain were scored by two blinded investigators weekly for 4 weeks , and the hands of subjects were cultured quantitatively at the onset and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks . in both groups experienced marked improvement in overall hand condition ( each , P < .02 ) , particularly in scaling , cracking , and pain . randomized to use of the oil-containing lotion showed greater improvement ( mean score , from 6.5 to 2.7 vs 6.8 to 4.7 , P = .006 ) . 18 ( 69 % ) of 26 persons who used the control lotion , all full-thickness integumentary breaks were healed and pain was totally resolved , compared with 14 ( 52 % ) of 27 persons who used the barrier cream ( P = .26 ) . of the two agents in a scheduled fashion had no effect on the levels or profile of the transient hand flora . , by the fourth week of use , handwashing frequency was 50 % higher in subjects randomized to use the control lotion than it was in subjects randomized to use the barrier cream ( 17.8 vs 11.7 times per day , P = .04 ) . of an oil-containing lotion or a barrier cream on a scheduled basis can substantially protect the hands of vulnerable health care workers against drying and chemical irritation , preventing skin breakdown and promoting more frequent handwashing ."
2438,Abstract #2438,"cancer screening tests have been advocated for the general population ; however , clinicians and patients are not always well-informed of screening burdens . sought to determine the cumulative risk of a false-positive screening result and the resulting risk of a diagnostic procedure for an individual participating in a multimodal cancer screening program . were analyzed from the intervention arm of the ongoing Prostate , Lung , Colorectal , and Ovarian ( PLCO ) Cancer Screening Trial , a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of prostate , lung , colorectal , and ovarian cancer screening on disease-specific mortality . 68,436 participants , aged 55 to 74 years , were randomized to screening or usual care . received serial serum tests to detect cancer antigen 125 ( CA-125 ) , transvaginal sonograms , posteroanterior-view chest radiographs , and flexible sigmoidoscopies . received serial chest radiographs , flexible sigmoidoscopies , digital rectal examinations , and serum prostate-specific antigen tests . screening examinations for each sex were possible during the 3-year screening period . 14 tests , the cumulative risk of having at least 1 false-positive screening test is 60.4 % ( 95 % CI , 59.8 % -61.0 % ) for men , and 48.8 % ( 95 % CI , 48.1 % -49.4 % ) for women . cumulative risk after 14 tests of undergoing an invasive diagnostic procedure prompted by a false-positive test is 28.5 % ( CI , 27.8 % -29.3 % ) for men and 22.1 % ( 95 % CI , 21.4 % -22.7 % ) for women . an individual in a multimodal cancer screening trial , the risk of a false-positive finding is about 50 % or greater by the 14th test . should educate patients about the likelihood of false positives and resulting diagnostic interventions when counseling about cancer screening ."
2439,Abstract #2439,"micrographic surgery ( MMS ) is a multistep outpatient procedure that has become the treatment of choice for the removal of many cutaneous malignancies . surgeon initially removes the tumor with nonsterile gloves in MMS . or nonsterile gloves are then used during the final repairs . prospective patient-blinded single-institution pilot study was performed to evaluate whether there is a difference in infection rate when using clean , nonsterile gloves versus sterile gloves during tumor removal and the wound repair phases of MMS . study randomized 60 patients undergoing MMS . on age , sex , anatomic location , number of Mohs stages , closure type , size of final defect , operative time , number of pairs of gloves used , and type of glove used were recorded and evaluated . infections were identified . infections occurred in the sterile glove arm and one in the clean glove arm . , there was no greater infection rate when using clean , nonsterile gloves than sterile gloves ( p = .99 ) . study supports the use of clean , nonsterile gloves as a safe alternative to sterile gloves during all steps of MMS , at a significant cost savings . larger confirmatory study comparing the equivalence in infection rates between clean and sterile gloves is warranted ."
2440,Abstract #2440,"oral feeding ( EOF ) has been demonstrated to be safe and beneficial after abdominal elective surgery . aim of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the safety and benefits of EOF compared to traditional postoperative care ( TPC ) after abdominal emergency surgery . assigned to the EOF group commenced a soft diet within 24 h after surgery . the TPC group , a liquid diet was commenced upon passage of flatus or stool and then advanced to soft food . primary endpoint was the complication rate . endpoints were severity of complications , mortality , gastrointestinal leaks , surgical-site infection , reoperation , diet intolerance , time to first flatus and stool , amount of food intake , postoperative discomfort , hospital stay , weight loss at the 15th postoperative day and incisional hernias . total of 295 patients assigned to EOF ( n = 148 ) or TPC ( n = 147 ) were analyzed . significant differences were seen in the complications rates ( EOF 45.3 % vs. TPC 37.4 % ; p = 0.1 ) . was a significantly higher rate of vomiting with EOF ( EOF 13.5 % vs. TPC 6.1 % ; p = 0.03 ) , with no differences in nasogastric tube reinsertion . patients ' food intake was proportionally lower for the first three meals than that of TPC patients ( p < 0.01 ) . discomfort survey revealed more hunger in the TPC group ( p < 0.01 ) . were no differences in postoperative ileus or length of hospital stay . was safe after abdominal emergency surgery . was associated with more vomiting ( treated easily and without patient discomfort ) and less hunger than with TPC . other EOF-related benefits could be demonstrated during this trial ."
2441,Abstract #2441,is the third study in a Phase 3 program evaluating onabotulinumtoxinA treatment of crow 's feet lines ( CFL ) . assess the efficacy and safety of repeated onabotulinumtoxinA treatments of CFL alone or with glabellar lines ( GL ) in subjects with moderate-to-severe CFL and GL ( maximum smile ) . 5-month extension of a 7-month study randomized subjects who originally received onabotulinumtoxinA 24 U ( CFL only ; n = 227 ) or 44 U ( 24 U for CFL + 20 U for GL ; n = 260 ) to retreatment with the same dose . subjects were rerandomized to onabotulinumtoxinA 44 U ( n = 101 ) or placebo ( n = 96 ) . efficacy end point ( Day 30 ) was the proportion of subjects who achieved a CFL severity rating of none or mild ( maximum smile ) on the investigator-assessed Facial Wrinkle Scale ( FWS ) . efficacy end points and adverse events were evaluated . rates ( primary end point ) were significantly greater in onabotulinumtoxinA-treated groups ( 24 U : 56.5 % ; 44 U : 63.6 % ; placebo : 1.1 % ; p < .001 ) . on most patient-reported outcomes ( PROs ) favored the 44-U group over the 24-U group . events did not differ among groups ; most were mild or moderate . onabotulinumtoxinA treatments significantly reduce CFL severity based on FWS and PROs . event profiles remain consistent with approved GL labeling .
2442,Abstract #2442,"gastroesophageal reflux ( GER ) is primarily due to a transient motility disorder and characterized by a prevalence of weakly acid refluxes . management , where necessary , must set out to reduce the number of refluxes besides correct their acidity . could be of assistance in this respect , though the evidence in favor of their efficacy and safety is still far from sufficient . this randomized controlled study , the action of domperidone , a prokinetic antidopaminergic drug with little effect on the central nervous system , was evaluated in newborns with symptomatic GER . multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH measuring for 24 h was carried out in 13 newborns receiving 0.3 mg per kg domperidone per os at the eighth and the sixteenth hour , and 13 controls . newborn was compared to the control nearest in postconceptional age . episodes per hour increased significantly compared to the baseline in the domperidone group ( 4.06 + / -1.16 vs 2.8 + / -1.42 ; P = 0.001 ) and were shorter ( 16.68 + / -4.49 vs 20.18 + / -7.83 s ; P = 0.043 ) , whereas there were no differences in the maximum proximal extent reached by the refluxes ( 3.37 + / -0.45 vs 3.34 + / -0.94 channels ; P = 0.894 ) and their pH ( 4.72 + / -0.69 vs 4.60 + / -1.17 ; P = 0.634 ) . paradoxical increase in the number of GER episodes could be the expression of a domperidone-induced amplification of the motor incoordination of the neonatal gastroesophageal tract . is thus cast on the efficacy of prokinetics in this age bracket , especially in view of their adverse effects as described in the literature ."
2443,Abstract #2443,"purpose of the present study was to determine changes of biochemical risk factors of thromboembolism especially of TFPI during the use of oral versus transdermal administration of early estrogen replacement therapy . a 12-week prospective , randomized , cross-over trial , oestradiol was administered orally in a dose of 2 mg daily or transdermally in an equivalent dose of 0.05 mg daily . healthy early postmenopausal women were included into the study within 12 weeks after the hysterectomy and ovariectomy ( surgical castration ) . women completed the study and their data were analyzed . average age was of 49 + / - 6 years . an oral therapy , the average value of TFPI decreased significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) from 87.5 + / - 38.5 ng/ml to 68 + / - 37 ng/ml but remained stable in transdermal group ( 81.9 + / - 36.8 ng/ml ) . significant changes occurred in D-dimers . both groups AT-III and fibrinogen decreased without exceeding their physiological ranges . oral therapy reduced significantly TFPI levels compared to transdermal route of administration . results confirm more pronounced impact of oral estrogen on hemostasis variables ."
2444,Abstract #2444,"launching of mycophenolate mofetil ( MMF ) has reduced the incidence of acute rejection episodes . sought to evaluate the efficacy of decreasing the steroid dose . was a quasiexperimental , randomized , prospective trial . enrolled 150 patients who received de novo renal transplantations from living or cadaveric donors , fulfilling the screening criteria . were randomized to one of the following two arms : ( A ) MMF at a 2 g/d dose , cyclosporine ( CsA ) at a dose necessary to achieve target levels , and corticosteroids at the usual doses ; ( B ) MMF at a 2 g/d dose , CsA at a dose necessary to achieve target levels , and corticosteroids at doses 50 % lower than those of group A. A included 72 ( 48 % ) and group B , 78 patients ( 52 % ) . were no differences among the variables : leukopenia occurred in 11 patients in group A , and five patients in group B. Complications occurred in 67.4 % ( 56 ) of group A , but only 32.6 % ( 27 ) were related to infections . case of urinary infection occurred in group B , while six occurred in group A. was one case of acute rejection in group A , and none in group B. graft loss occurred in group A. were no differences in the remaining variables under study . results showed an increased complication rate related to receiving usual steroid doses . was no increase in acute rejection episodes among patients receiving 50 % of the usual steroid dose ."
2445,Abstract #2445,"test the hypothesis that sildenafil ( 50 mg nightly for one year ) can improve spontaneous erectile function ( EF ) in men with mild-to-moderate arteriogenic erectile dysfunction ( ED ) responsive to erectogenic treatment . a prospective open-label trial , 112 men with ED were randomized to sildenafil 50 mg nightly or sildenafil 50 or 100 mg as needed for 12 months , followed by one-month and 6-month non-medicated periods . , non-medicated men with ED were also assessed . EF domain of the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF EF ) and the peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) of penile cavernous arteries were used to measure the efficacy . sildenafil treatment and a subsequent non-medicated month , IIEF EF was normal in 29 of 48 ( 60.4 % , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 45.3-74 .2 % ) of the nightly group vs. 4 of 49 ( 8.2 % , 95 % CI : 2.3-19 .6 % ) of the as-needed group . improved by 11.2 cm/s ( 95 % CI : 4.7-21 .4 ; P = 0.012 ) in the nightly group but only by 3.4 cm/s ( -5.1 -14.7 ; P = 0.435 ) in the as-needed group . EF normalized in 1 of 18 ( 5.6 % , 95 % CI : 0.1-27 .3 % ) non-medicated men and the PSV declined slightly . months after treatment , the IIEF EF remained normal and PSV was stabilized in most ( 28/29 , 97 % ) nightly group men who had initially normalized . nightly for one year resulted in ED regression that persisted well beyond the end of treatment , so that spontaneous EF was characterized as normal on the IIEF in most men . results from this open-label , randomized trial warrant verification under double-blind , placebo-controlled conditions ."
2446,Abstract #2446,"observe the therapeutic effects of Busui Shengxue Granule ( BSSXG ) on chronic aplastic anemia ( CAA ) patients and its effects on bone marrow derived stroma cells ( BMDSCs ) correlated cytokines . hundred and twenty-four patients with CAA were randomly assigned to two groups according to the random digit table . in the test group ( 61 cases ) were treated with BSSXG , while those in the control group ( 63 cases ) were treated with Zaizao Shengxue Tablet ( ZST ) . therapeutic course was 6 months for all . , 10 healthy subjects were recruited as the normal control group . of the symptom integral , therapeutic efficacy judgment , and changes of peripheral hemogram of patients were observed . mRNA expression of b-fibroblast growth factors ( bFGF ) and b-fibroblast growth factors receptor ( bFGFR ) were detected by reverse transcription PCR . total effective rate of the test group was 75.0 % ( 45/61 ) , higher than that of the control group ( 58.7 % , 37/63 ) . symptom integral and peripheral hemogram were obviously improved , better than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . mRNA expressions of bFGF and bFGFR of the test group were obviously lower than those of the normal control group ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . were somewhat improved after treatment in the two groups , with better results obtained in the test group . showed better clinical effects . could improve the symptom integral and peripheral hemogram of CAA patients , improve the clinical efficacy , and regulate the expression levels of bFGF and bFGFR . improved the hematopoietic microenvironment and promoted the hematopoiesis of the bone marrow through regulating the proliferation and oriental differentiation of stroma cells , and promoting the bone marrow angiogenesis ."
2447,Abstract #2447,"pain is the main symptom of postmenopausal osteoporosis . can decrease mobility and quality of life of the patients . hypothesis of this study was that administration of an adjuvant pain medication is essential additionally to the basic therapy . second question was if a recommendation can be formulated whether a peripheral or a central acting pain medication is more effective to prevent osteoporosis induced chronic pain . pseudorandomised patient groups were prospectively compared . 1 was treated with alendronate , vitamin D , and calcium . 2 also received ibuprofen , and group 3 also received tramadol . 117 women suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis , quality of life was measured before and 26 weeks after therapy using the International Osteoporosis Foundation Qualeffo-41 score , and pain intensity was measured using a visual analogue scale . therapy-associated complications were observed during the study . 26 weeks , quality of life significantly increased in groups 2 and 3 compared with group 1 ( p < 0.001 ) . intensity decreased in group 1 by only 6 points , whereas it decreased in group 2 by 31 points and in group 3 by 24 points . relief was significantly different between the treatment groups and the control group and between the treatment groups themselves ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 ) . conclude that pain therapy with an almost peripherally acting drug such as ibuprofen can reduce osteoporosis-associated chronic pain better than a centrally acting pain medication such as tramadol . therefore can be recommended to prescribe ibuprofen rather than tramadol for treating osteoporosis-associated chronic pain in postmenopausal women if the specific risk for gastrointestinal side effects is considered ."
2448,Abstract #2448,"test the a priori hypothesis that consumption of oats will lower the blood total cholesterol level and to assess modifiers and confounders of this association . computerized literature ( MEDLINE ) search and the Quaker Oats Co identified published and unpublished trials as of March 1991 . data were requested for all trials . were included in summary effect size estimates if they were randomized and controlled , if a formal assessment of diet and body weight changes occurred , and , if raw data were not received , if there was enough information in the published report to perform calculations . trials were identified . the methods of DerSimonian and Laird , a summary effect size for change in blood total cholesterol level of -0.13 mmol/L ( -5.9 mg/dL ) ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , -0.19 to -0.017 mmol/L [ -8.4 to -3.3 mg/dL ] ) was calculated for the 10 trials meeting the inclusion criteria . summary effect size for trials using wheat control groups was -0.11 mmol/L ( -4.4 mg/dL ) ( 95 % CI , -0.21 to -0.01 mmol/L [ -8.3 to -0.38 mg/dL ] ) . of Keys scores demonstrated that substituting carbohydrates for dietary fats and cholesterol did not account for the majority of blood cholesterol reduction . reductions were seen in trials in which subjects had initially higher blood cholesterol levels ( greater than or equal to 5.9 mmol/L [ greater than or equal to 229 mg/dL ] ) , particularly when a dose of 3 g or more of soluble fiber was employed . analysis supports the hypothesis that incorporating oat products into the diet causes a modest reduction in blood cholesterol level ."
2449,Abstract #2449,"evaluate the clinical effectiveness of indirect composite restorations in permanent molars with excessive substance loss in pediatric patients who have undergone root canal treatments . of 29 pediatric patients underwent endodontic treatment . molars were restored with an indirect posterior composite resin restoration and 13 molars were restored with a direct posterior composite resin restoration . success of the restorations was evaluated for 2 years based on United States Public Health Service ( USPHS ) criteria , photographs after staining with basic fuchsine , and radiographic data . obtained from both groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test . of the clinical and radiographic data revealed no observable , statistically significant differences between the posterior and the indirect posterior composites ( p > 0.05 ) . , evaluation of photos taken of the patients ' molars after staining with basic fuchsin revealed that direct posterior composites showed increased staining on the margins of the restorations after six months ( p < 0.05 ) . the difficulties of restoring endodontically treated permanent teeth with excessive substance loss in child patients , indirect restorations may be seen as a better option ."
2450,Abstract #2450,"available nebulisers are inefficient and show variable aerosol deposition in the lung owing to the differences in the particle size generated . aim of this study was to compare systemic absorption and bronchodilator effects of salbutamol given via a novel ( `` Ventstream '' ) and a conventional ( `` Hudson Updraft II '' ) nebuliser system , having initially evaluated the performance of both nebulisers in vitro . `` Ventstream '' nebuliser uses a one way valve system to provide an additional inspiratory side flow to match aerosol delivery with tidal volume . output and particle distribution from 10 Ventstream and 10 Hudson nebulisers were compared in vitro . asthmatic patients , FEV1 55 ( 2 ) % predicted , were then randomised to receive salbutamol via Ventstream or Hudson nebulisers on separate days . each day cumulative doses of inhaled salbutamol were given : 1.25 mg , 2.5 mg ( 1.25 + 1.25 mg ) , and 5.0 mg ( 2.5 + 2.5 mg ) . responses , systemic responses , and plasma salbutamol concentrations were measured at each dose and for up to 240 minutes after the final dose . in vitro comparison showed a greater respirable fraction with a higher percentage volume of particles < 5 microns in diameter using Ventstream than Hudson nebulisers ( mean ( 95 % CI ) for difference ) : 25.4 % ( 95 % CI 22.4 % to 28.3 % ) , and a higher aerosol rate of output : 0.08 g/min ( 95 % CI 0.05 to 0.11 g/min ) . the 5.0 mg dose the Ventstream produced a twofold greater concentration of plasma salbutamol than the Hudson nebuliser ( AUC0-240 ) : 392.1 ng/ml . ( 95 % CI 240.6 to 543.6 ng/ml . ) . was a higher AUC0-240 for PEFR with the Ventstream than with the Hudson nebuliser : 74.161 x 10 ( 2 ) ( 95 % CI 39.50 to 108.821 x 10 ( 2 ) . FEV1 and FEV25-75 there was a difference in the peak response between the 5.0 mg and 2.5 mg doses with the Ventstream only . beta 2 responses were greater with the Ventstream than with the Hudson at 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg doses , although the differences did not appear to be clinically relevant . Ventstream produced a twofold increase in the delivery of salbutamol to the lung compared with the Hudson nebuliser , and there was an associated increase in systemic beta 2 responses with an improvement in some parameters of bronchodilator efficacy . a consequence of improved delivery with the Ventstream , it may be possible to halve the drug dose to produce similar bronchodilator efficacy at reduced cost . studies are required to evaluate the value of the Ventstream for delivery of nebulised antibiotics and corticosteroids ."
2451,Abstract #2451,"primary aim was to evaluate the effect on blood pressure ( BP ) levels of a previously developed pedagogically structured BP card introduced to patients with inadequately controlled hypertension in primary care . evaluation was based on the results of a pilot study which is briefly presented . aim of the study was to validate the positive results from a pilot study in a different , larger setting , for a longer time , and to study the effects of a nurse-led individual health counseling strategy . `` BP card '' that summarized the essential targets of hypertension treatment was presented to patients with a small set of questions . open , randomized , controlled study was performed testing the effect of the BP card : BP card with an added semi-structured nurse counseling versus usual care ( 3 groups ) during 12 months . effects on BP levels differed greatly from results seen in the pilot study where BP fell significantly in the intervention group as compared with that in the control group . the main study , however , BP levels declined more than 25/8 .5 mmHg in all three groups , with no significant differences between the groups . positive results in the pilot study could not be confirmed in the main study . , the nurse-led individual health counseling strategy did not show any additive effects . reasons for these discrepant findings may be external such as increased awareness of hypertension , and internal factors such as contamination and non-biased recruitment ."
2452,Abstract #2452,"investigate the diagnostic and rehabilitative usefulness of routine fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing ( FEES ) in the pediatric population . , consecutive , blinded . pediatric inpatients from a large , urban , tertiary care teaching hospital participated . ages ranged from 11 days to 20 years ( mean , 10 years and 4 months ) . a random fashion , seven subjects were assessed with both videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing ( VFES ) and FEES and 23 subjects were assessed solely with FEES . of dysphagia was determined by spillage , residue , laryngeal penetration , and aspiration . strategies , e.g. , positioning and modification of bolus consistencies , were based on diagnostic findings . was 100 % agreement between the blinded diagnostic results and implementation of rehabilitative strategies for subjects randomly assigned to receive both VFES and FEES and for subjects who received solely FEES . the 23 subjects assessed solely with FEES , 13 of 23 ( 57 % ) exhibited normal swallowing and 10 of 23 ( 43 % ) exhibited dysphagia . feeding recommendation for 4 of 10 subjects with dysphagia ( 40 % ) was for a non-oral diet because of aspiration . allowed for specific feeding recommendations ( i.e. , bolus consistency modifications , positioning , and feeding strategies ) to reduce aspiration risk in 6 of 10 subjects with dysphagia ( 60 % ) . can be used routinely to diagnose and treat pediatric dysphagia in the acute care setting ."
2453,Abstract #2453,"has low oral bioavailability due to an extensive presystemic metabolism . has been suggested that the biotransformation of oxybutynin is dependent on CYP3A . itraconazole , a widely used mycotic , is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 , we wanted to study a possible interaction between oxybutynin and itraconazole . this double-blind , randomized , two-phase cross-over study , ten healthy volunteers received either 200 mg itraconazole or placebo for 4 days . day 4 , each volunteer ingested a single dose of 5 mg oxybutynin . concentrations of oxybutynin , its active metabolite N-desethyloxybutynin , and itraconazole were monitored over 24 h. significantly increased both the area under the serum drug concentration-time curve ( AUC0-t ) and the peak concentration of oxybutynin twofold . AUC0-t and the peak concentration of N-desethyloxybutynin were not significantly affected by itraconazole . did not change the peak time or the elimination half-life of either oxybutynin or N-desethyloxybutynin . occurrence of adverse events after oxybutynin administration was not increased by itraconazole . moderately increases serum concentrations of oxybutynin , probably by inhibiting the CYP3A-mediated metabolism . , the concentrations of N-desethyloxybutynin were practically unchanged . about 90 % of the antimuscarinic activity of oxybutynin is attributable to N-desethyloxybutynin , any interaction of oxybutynin with CYP3A4 inhibiting drugs has only minor clinical significance ."
2454,Abstract #2454,"8-mm-tip and irrigated-tip catheters improve outcomes in typical atrial flutter ablation . , it is not yet known which is preferable . objective was to compare the effectiveness of 8-mm-tip ( Group 1 ) and open irrigated-tip ( Group 2 ) catheters in the first ablation attempt . prospective randomized trial with a long-term follow-up was performed in patients with documented typical atrial flutter . both types of catheter , the power was initially set to 50 W. primary endpoint was ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus in a procedure lasting , at most , 600 s. 1 contained 65 patients and Group 2 contained 66 , with no significant intergroup difference in baseline characteristics . mean age was 63 + / -12 years , 80 % were men , and 65 % had structural heart disease . primary endpoint was achieved in 48 patients ( 73.8 % ) in Group 1 and 49 ( 74.2 % ) in Group 2 ( P = NS ) . the remaining patients , the procedure was continued at the physician 's discretion and ablation was finally achieved in all cases . the intention-to-treat analysis , there was no significant difference between the groups in the number of applications of the ablation device or in the duration of the ablation procedure , radioscopy or the total procedure . 16 + / -5 months of follow-up ( > 1 year in 98 % ) , 8 ( 6.3 % ) patients had experienced recurrence and 95 ( 74.2 % ) were free from any arrhythmia . was no differences between the groups . difference was found between the effectiveness of 8-mm-tip and open irrigated-tip catheters in the first attempt at ablation of typical atrial flutter ."
2455,Abstract #2455,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Prosorba column as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) in patients with active and treatment-resistant ( refractory ) disease . sham-controlled , randomized , double-blind , multicenter trial of Prosorba versus sham apheresis was performed in patients with RA who had failed to respond to treatment with methotrexate or at least 2 other second-line drugs . received 12 weekly treatments with Prosorba or sham apheresis , with efficacy evaluated 7-8 weeks after treatment ended . were characterized as responders if they experienced improvement according to the American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) response criteria at the efficacy time point . data safety monitoring board ( DSMB ) evaluated interim analyses for the possibility of early completion of the trial . in the trial had RA for an average of 15.5 years ( range 1.7-50 .6 ) and had failed an average of 4.2 second-line drug treatments prior to entry . the completion of treatment of 91 randomized patients , the DSMB stopped the trial early due to successful outcomes . the 47 patients in the Prosorba arm , 31.9 % experienced ACR-defined improvement versus 11.4 % of the 44 patients in the sham-treated arm ( P = 0.019 after adjustment for interim analysis ) . results from 8 additional patients , who had completed blinded treatments at the time of DSMB action , were added to the analysis ( n = 99 ) , results were unchanged . most common adverse events were a short-term flare in joint pain and swelling following treatment , a side effect that occurred in most subjects at least once in both treatment arms . side effects , although common , occurred equally as frequently in both treatment groups . with the Prosorba column is an efficacious treatment for RA in patients with active disease who have failed other treatments ."
2456,Abstract #2456,"number of techniques have been described for treatment of patients with sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease . author reports his experience in the surgical management of pilonidal sinus using radiofrequency sinus excision technique . results are compared with those obtained after excision and marsupialization procedure . patients were operated by radiofrequency sinus excision and 18 with excision and marsupialization . Ellman radiofrequency device was used . two groups were matched for age , gender and presentation symptoms . median follow-up was two years . patient 's satisfaction on the outcome of the procedure was also evaluated . the radiofrequency sinus excision group , we found on average a shorter operation time ( 10 vs. 36 minutes , p < 0.001 ) , shorter hospitalization ( nine vs. 30 hours , p < 0.001 ) , significantly less postoperative pain , fewer cumulatve requests for analgesia by the patients ( 14 vs. 25 tablets , p < 0.001 ) , and earlier return to work ( six vs. 16 days , p < 0.001 ) The wounds with marsupialization did heal faster than those with sinus excision ; however , the difference was not significant . two year follow-up , one patient from each group had a recurrence . pilot study shows that this new technique can be performed as a day care surgery . reduced postoperative pain and early resumption to work , patient satisfaction is better in comparison to excision and marsupialization technique ."
2457,Abstract #2457,"compare the efficacy and safety of same-day verteporfin photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) and intravitreal ranibizumab combination treatment versus ranibizumab monotherapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration . , multicenter , double-masked , randomized , active-controlled trial . included 255 patients with all types of active subfoveal choroidal neovascularization . were randomized 1:1 to as-needed ( pro re nata ; PRN ) combination ( standard-fluence verteporfin 6 mg/m ( 2 ) PDT and ranibizumab 0.5 mg ) or PRN ranibizumab monotherapy ( sham infusion [ 5 % dextrose ] PDT and ranibizumab 0.5 mg ) . received 3 consecutive monthly injections followed by PRN retreatments based on protocol-specific retreatment criteria . change in best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) from baseline to month 12 , and the proportion of patients with treatment-free interval 3 months at any timepoint after month 2 . mean change in BCVA at month 12 was +2.5 and +4.4 letters in the combination and monotherapy groups , respectively ( P = 0.0048 ; difference : -1.9 letters [ 95 % confidence interval , -5.76 to 1.86 ] , for having achieved noninferiority with a margin of 7 letters ) . proportion of patients with a treatment-free interval of 3 months at any timepoint after month 2 was high , but did not show a clinically relevant difference between the treatment groups . efficacy endpoints included the mean number of ranibizumab retreatments after month 2 ( 1.9 and 2.2 with combination and monotherapy , respectively [ P = 0.1373 ] ) . time to first ranibizumab retreatment after month 2 was delayed by 34 days ( about 1 monthly visit ) with combination ( month 6 ) versus monotherapy ( month 5 ) . month 12 , mean standard error central retinal thickness decreased by 115.39.04 m in the combination group and 107.711.02 m in the monotherapy group . mean number of verteporfin/sham PDT treatments was comparable in the 2 groups ( combination , 1.7 ; monotherapy , 1.9 ) . safety profiles of the 2 groups were comparable , with a low incidence of ocular serious adverse events . combination PRN treatment regimen with verteporfin PDT and ranibizumab was effective in achieving BCVA gain comparable with ranibizumab monotherapy ; however , the study did not show benefits with respect to reducing the number of ranibizumab retreatment over 12 months . combination therapy was well tolerated ."
2458,Abstract #2458,"intraoperative fluid infusion should contain glucose during pediatric cardiac surgery remains controversial . study was performed to compare the effects of glucose and glucose-free solutions on blood glucose and blood insulin levels during total repair of congenital heart diseases . randomized and blinded study . university center . nondiabetic children , weight ranging from 4 to 10 kg , scheduled for cardiac surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) without total circulatory arrest . R ( n = 20 ) was administered lactated Ringer 's solution intraoperatively , and group G ( n = 20 ) received 5 % glucose . were infused at a rate of 3 mL/kg/h in the two groups from the induction of anesthesia to the end of the surgical procedure . glucose and insulin were sampled before infusion ( Tzero ) , before CPB ( T1 ) , 10 minutes after initiation of CPB ( T2 ) , 10 minutes after initiation of rewarming ( T2 ) , and at the end of the procedures ( T4 ) . , blood glucose was measured at the first , 12th , and 24th hours . the prabypass period , three children in group R had severe hypoglycemia ( blood glucose < 40 mg/dL ) . initiation of CPB , blood glucose increased in both groups , with a small difference at the end of the procedure . infants in the two groups had blood glucose higher than 239 mg/dL . withdrawal during pediatric cardiac surgery induces threatening hypoglycemia during the prabypass period , and moderate intraoperative glucose administration ( 2.5 mg/kg/min ) is not responsible for major hyperglycemia ."
2459,Abstract #2459,"is an urgent need for a vaccine that is effective against the 2009 pandemic influenza A ( H1N1 ) virus . split-virus , inactivated candidate vaccine against the 2009 H1N1 virus was manufactured , and we evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in a randomized clinical trial . were between 3 and 77 years of age , stratified into four age groups . immunization schedule consisted of two vaccinations , 21 days apart . were injected with placebo or with vaccine , with or without alum adjuvant , at doses of 7.5 microg , 15 microg , or 30 microg . analysis was performed at baseline and on days 21 and 35 . total of 2200 subjects received one dose , and 2103 ( 95.6 % ) received the second dose , of vaccine or placebo . severe adverse side effects associated with the vaccine were noted . the nonadjuvanted-vaccine groups , injection-site or systemic reactions , most mild in nature , were noted in 5.5 to 15.9 % of subjects . the subjects receiving 15 microg of nonadjuvanted vaccine , a hemagglutination-inhibition titer of 1:40 or more was achieved by day 21 in 74.5 % of subjects between 3 and 11 years of age , 97.1 % of subjects between 12 and 17 years , 97.1 % of subjects between 18 and 60 years , and 79.1 % of subjects 61 years of age or older ; by day 35 , the titer had been achieved in 98.1 % , 100 % , 97.1 % , and 93.3 % of subjects , respectively . proportion with a titer of 1:40 or more was generally highest among the subjects receiving 30 microg of vaccine , with or without adjuvant . without adjuvant was associated with fewer local reactions and greater immune responses than was vaccine with adjuvant . data suggest that a single dose of 15 microg of hemagglutinin antigen without alum adjuvant induces a typically protective immune response in the majority of subjects between 12 and 60 years of age . immune responses were seen after a single dose of vaccine in younger and older subjects . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00975572 ) ."
2460,Abstract #2460,"compare the effectiveness and cost of two lifestyle-modification programmes in individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes . men and women with a body mass index 27 kg/m ( 2 ) and prediabetes were randomly assigned to either a 1-year interdisciplinary intervention including individual counseling every 6 weeks and 25 group seminars ( group I ; n = 22 ) or a group intervention comprising seminars only ( group G ; n = 26 ) . interventions were compared in terms of weight loss and improvement of anthropometric measures , metabolic variables and costs . in group I lost an average of 4.9 kg ( 95 % CI : -7.3 , -2.4 ; P < 0.01 ) and 5 cm in waist circumference ( 95 % CI : -7.0 , -3.0 ; P < 0.01 ) , whereas no significant change was noted in those assigned to group G. Among the participants in group I , 50 and 27 % lost at least 5 and 10 % of their initial weight , respectively , compared with only 12 and 4 % , respectively , in group G. Fasting glucose , 2-hour glucose and lipid profiles improved significantly in group I , and no participant ( zero on 22 ) developed diabetes compared with 11.5 % ( 3/26 ) in group G. Most participants ( nine on 11 ) with impaired fasting glucose in group I returned to normal . direct cost of the individual intervention was estimated to be $ 733.06 / year per subject compared with $ 81.36 / year per subject for the group intervention . study demonstrates that a low-cost , moderate-intensity , individual interdisciplinary approach combined with group seminars leads to clinically significant weight loss and metabolic improvement in people with prediabetes . seminars alone were not effective in this population ( www.ClinicalTrial.gov , Identifier : NCT00991549 ) ."
2461,Abstract #2461,"compare the effectiveness of tai chi and low-level exercise in reducing falls in older adults ; to determine whether mobility , balance , and lower limb strength improved and whether higher doses of tai chi resulted in greater effect . controlled trial . sites throughout New Zealand . hundred eighty-four community-residing older adults ( mean age 74.5 ; 73 % female ) with at least one falls risk factor . chi once a week ( TC1 ) ( n = 233 ) ; tai chi twice a week ( TC2 ) ( n = 220 ) , or a low-level exercise program control group ( LLE ) ( n = 231 ) for 20 wks . of falls was ascertained according to monthly falls calendars . ( Timed-Up-and-Go Test ) , balance ( step test ) , and lower limb strength ( chair stand test ) were assessed . adjusted incident rate ratio ( IRR ) for falls was not significantly different between the TC1 and LLE groups ( IRR = 1.05 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) = 0.83-1 .33 , P = .70 ) or between the TC2 and LLE groups ( IRR = 0.88 , 95 % CI = 0.68-1 .16 , P = .37 ) . multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression showed a significant reduction in logarithmic mean fall rate of -0.050 ( 95 % CI = -0.064 to -0.037 , P < .001 ) per month for all groups . fixed-effects analyses indicated improvements in balance ( P < .001 right and left leg ) and lower limb strength ( P < .001 ) but not mobility ( P = .54 ) in all groups over time , with no differences between the groups ( P = .37 ( right leg ) , P = .66 ( left leg ) , P = .21 , and P = .44 , respectively ) . was no difference in falls rates between the groups , with falls reducing similarly ( mean falls rate reduction of 58 % ) over the 17-month follow-up period . and balance improved similarly in all groups over time ."
2462,Abstract #2462,"compare the glycemic response to an insulin lispro mixture ( 25 % insulin lispro and 75 % NPL ) twice daily plus metformin ( Mix25 + M ) with glibenclamide plus metformin ( G+M ) , in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with a single oral agent . patients treated in a randomized , open-label , 16-week parallel study . evaluated : hemoglobin A1C ( A1C ) , patient symptoms , hypoglycemia rate ( episodes/patient/30 days ) , and incidence ( % patients experiencing > or = 1 episode ) . a subset of patients ( N = 120 ) , fasting , 1-h , and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose ( FPG , 1-h ppPG , 2-h ppPG ) in response to a standardized test meal ( STM ) and self-monitored blood glucose ( BG ) profiles were measured . A1C at endpoint for both groups , and A1C changes from baseline to endpoint were not significantly different between treatments ( Mix25 + M , -1.87 + / -1.35 % vs. G+M , -1.98 + / -1.28 % ; p = 0.288 ) . patients completing STM ; endpoint 2-h ppPG was significantly lower with Mix25 + M ( 9.05 + / -3.32 mmol/l vs. 12.31 + / -3.65 mmol/l ; p < 0.001 ) , as was 2-h ppPG excursion ( 2-h ppPGex ) ( 0.38 + / -3.23 mmol/l vs. 2.88 + / -1.98 mmol/l ; p < 0.001 ) . of patients achieving postprandial BG targets ( < 10 mmol/l ) at endpoint was significantly greater with Mix25 + M ( 80 % vs. 48 % ; p < 0.001 ) . , overall hypoglycemia rates were similar , percentage of patients experiencing and rate of nocturnal hypoglycemia was less with Mix25 + M ( 1 % vs. 5 % ; p < 0.01 , and 0.01 vs. 0.08 episodes/pt/30 d ; p = 0.007 ) . reported less polyuria with Mix25 + M ( p < 0.001 ) . patients with type 2 diabetes failing on metformin or a sulfonylurea , Mix25 + M provided similar overall glycemic control , lower ppPG , reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia , and fewer hyperglycemic symptoms compared to G+M ."
2463,Abstract #2463,"is a major mechanism of defense against bacterial infections . ingestion of bacteria by phagocytes involves a variety of cell membrane recognition structures and , among them , immunoglobulin receptors . aim of this study was to test the phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes of intensive care unit ( ICU ) patients , and to evaluate the effects of intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulins ( IVIG ) used as adjunct treatment of nosocomial pneumonia on some phagocyte membrane receptors of these patients . phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes of 41 mechanically ventilated patients with nosocomial bacterial pneumonia was studied during the acute phase of infection . ICU patients were compared with 21 hospitalized , noninfected volunteer patients hospitalized in a medical ward . blood granulocytes and monocytes were studied . the 41 ICU patients , after randomization , 21 received IVIG at a dose of 1 g/kg for 3 days . 41 ICU patients were compared with the 21 non-ICU , noninfected hospitalized controls . 21 ICU patients who received 3 days of IVIG were also compared with the 20 ICU patients not receiving IVIG . were tested in standard immunoglobulin-free medium ( fetal calf serum ) and in the presence of patients ' serum . granulocytes and monocytes were purified and separately exposed to three types of particles : antibody-coated erythrocytes ( to test immunoglobulin receptors ) , opsonized zymosan ( to test C3 receptors ) , and glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes ( to test lectinlike or other nonspecific binding sites ) . and superoxide anion production ( oxidative burst ) were measured . of ICU patients compared with those of non-ICU , noninfected patients exhibited a substantial decrease of zymosan ingestion ( P < .05 ) , whereas phagocytosis of other particles was normal . from the ICU patients , compared with those of the non-ICU , noninfected patients , displayed an unselective overall decrease of phagocytic ability for the three particle types ( P < .05 ) . phagocytosis activity of the three membrane receptor species of blood monocytes and granulocytes of ICU patients was not significantly modified by the IVIG infusion . both monocytes and granulocytes , no significant improvement was observed in the fraction of cells that ingested at least one foreign particle and the mean number of particles per cell having phagocytized at least one foreign particle . and monocyte functions were also tested by the production of reduced ferricytochrome and no significant improvement in the oxidative burst was observed after infusion of IVIG . ICU patients display a deficiency of phagocytosis membrane receptors of blood granulocytes and monocytes . addition of IVIG to standard therapy does not improve the phagocytic activity of ICU patients with nosocomial pneumonia ."
2464,Abstract #2464,"goal of this study was to demonstrate superiority of sirolimus-eluting stents ( SES ) over bare-metal stents ( BMS ) and of abciximab over no abciximab in primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . stents ( DES ) are increasingly used in primary PCI , but the recommendations for use in primary PCI are based on a few randomized controlled trials with selected patients . usefulness of abciximab in primary PCI is not established . hundred seven patients referred to the Catharina Hospital were randomized to SES or BMS , and to abciximab or no abciximab in a prospective , randomized , open 2 2 factorial trial with blinded evaluation . endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events ( MACCE ) , defined as the composite of death , myocardial infarction ( MI ) , stroke , repeat revascularization , and bleeding at 1 year ( stent arm ) and the composite of death , target vessel MI , target vessel revascularization ( TVR ) , and bleeding at 30 days ( abciximab arm ) . 1 year , the rate of MACCE was lower in the SES arm ( 16.5 % vs. 25.8 % , p = 0.001 ) , mainly driven by less repeat revascularization ( 9.8 % vs. 16.8 % ; p = 0.003 ) and without influencing the cumulative incidence of death and MI ( 5.2 % vs. 5.8 % ; p = 0.68 ) . 30 days , the rate of the composite of death , target vessel MI , TVR , and bleeding was lower in the abciximab arm ( 8.2 % vs. 12.4 % , p = 0.04 ) , mainly driven by less TVR due to less stent thrombosis ( 1.2 % vs. 7.4 % , p < 0.001 ) . , bleeding complications occurred more frequently in the abciximab group ( 5.7 % vs. 2.8 % , p = 0.03 ) . PCI with SES reduces adverse events at 1 year , mainly by reduction of repeat revascularization , whereas abciximab reduces early stent thrombosis , at the expense of more bleeding complications . Comparison of Drug Eluting and Bare Metal Stents With or Without Abciximab in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction [ DEBATER ] ; NCT00986050 ) ."
2465,Abstract #2465,"is the most common place of cancer death but concerns regarding the quality of end-of-life care remain . assessment of the effectiveness of the Liverpool Care Pathway on the quality of end-of-life care provided to adult cancer patients during their last week of life in hospital . before-after intervention cluster trial . trial was performed within four hospital wards participating in the pilot implementation of the Italian version of the Liverpool Care Pathway programme . cancer patients who died in the hospital wards 2-4 months before and after the implementation of the Italian version of Liverpool Care Pathway were identified . total of 2 months after the patient 's death , bereaved family members were interviewed using the Toolkit After-Death Family Interview ( seven 0-100 scales assessing the quality of end-of-life care ) and the Italian version of the Views of Informal Carers - Evaluation of Services ( VOICES ) ( three items assessing pain , breathlessness and nausea-vomiting ) . interview was obtained for 79 family members , 46 ( 73.0 % ) before and 33 ( 68.8 % ) after implementation of the Italian version of Liverpool Care Pathway . Italian version of Liverpool Care Pathway implementation , there was a significant improvement in the mean scores of four Toolkit scales : respect , kindness and dignity ( +16.8 ; 95 % confidence interval = 3.6-30 .0 ; p = 0.015 ) ; family emotional support ( +20.9 ; 95 % confidence interval = 9.6-32 .3 ; p < 0.001 ) ; family self-efficacy ( +14.3 ; 95 % confidence interval = 0.3-28 .2 ; p = 0.049 ) and coordination of care ( +14.3 ; 95 % confidence interval = 4.2-24 .3 ; p = 0.007 ) . significant improvement in symptom ' control was observed . results provide the first robust data collected from family members of a preliminary clinically significant improvement , in some aspects , of quality of care after the implementation of the Italian version of Liverpool Care Pathway programme . poor effect for symptom control suggests areas for further innovation and development ."
2466,Abstract #2466,"represents 7 % of the hepatic cytochrome system and metabolizes around 5 % of drugs in phase I processes . also plays a significant role in metabolism of endogenous compounds . than 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) have been noted , mainly in exons 3 , 5 , and 8 . most studied SNPs may lead to decreased enzyme activity and may have impact on drug metabolism . alleles are called CYP2C8 * 2 ( I269F ) , CYP2C8 * 3 ( R139K , K399R ) , and CYP2C8 * 4 ( I264M ) . aim was to investigate the frequency of major functional SNPs among the Czech population . was isolated from whole blood of 161 healthy , young , and unrelated subjects ( 94 men and 67 women , aged from 23 to 28 years ) . genotypes of polymorphic positions CYP2C8 * 2 , CYP2C8 * 3 ( G416A , A1196G ) , and CYP2C8 * 4 were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism . allele frequencies were 10.9 % , 5.9 % , and 0.3 % for the alleles CYP2C8 * 3 , CYP2C8 * 4 , and CYP2C8 * 2 , respectively . CYP2C8 * 3 ( G416A , A1196G ) alleles have been found in complete linkage disequilibrium . allele distribution complies well with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium . frequencies of functionally important CYP2C8 variants in the Czech population are similar to that of other Caucasian populations ."
2467,Abstract #2467,"D deficiency has been associated with impaired resistance to infection , which may be mediated by alterations in cytokine responses . investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation to infants on whole blood in-vitro cytokine production and on the inflammatory marker , plasma C-reactive protein ( CRP ) . samples were taken at 6 months of age from infants participating in the DIVIDS ( Delhi Infant Vitamin D Supplementation ) randomized controlled trial of weekly vitamin D supplements ( 1400 IU = recommended intake ) from birth to 6 months with the aim of decreasing mortality and severe morbidity . measured plasma CRP and whole blood in-vitro production of tumour necrosis factor - ( TNF ) , interferon - ( INF ) , interleukin ( IL ) -10 and IL-13 following no stimulation or stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or phytohemagglutinin . the intervention improved vitamin D status in a severely deficient population , there were no differences between treatment groups in plasma CRP or in the production of any of the cytokines in either unstimulated or stimulated cultures . illness had limited association with immunological markers . 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were not associated with CRP or production of any cytokines . D supplementation did not affect plasma CRP or whole blood cytokine production of vitamin D-deficient low birth weight infants . is consistent with the lack of effect of vitamin D on mortality and severe morbidity among infants in the DIVIDS trial ."
2468,Abstract #2468,"biases in the interpretation of ambiguous material have been linked to anxiety and mood problems . data from adults show that positive and negative interpretation styles can be induced through cognitive bias modification ( CBM ) paradigms with accompanying changes in mood . the therapeutic potential of positive training effects , training paradigms have not yet been explored in adolescents . healthy adolescents ( aged 13-17 years ) were randomly allocated to either positive or negative CBM training . assess training effects on interpretation bias , participants read ambiguous situations followed by test sentences with positive or negative interpretations of the situation . rated the similarity of these sentences to the previously viewed ambiguous situations . effects on negative and positive affect were assessed using visual analogue scales before and after training . training , adolescents in the negative condition drew more negative and fewer positive interpretations of new ambiguous situations than adolescents in the positive condition . the positive condition , adolescents endorsed more positive than negative interpretations . terms of mood changes , positive training resulted in a significant decrease in negative affect across participants , while the negative condition led to a significant decrease in positive affect among male participants only . is the first study to demonstrate the plasticity of interpretation bias in adolescents . immediate training effects on mood suggest that it may be possible to train a more positive interpretation style in youth , potentially helping to protect against anxiety and depressive symptoms ."
2469,Abstract #2469,", hyperinsulinaemia and obesity play a key and coordinating roles in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) , contributing in different ways to the clinical expression of the syndrome . loss is beneficial , but the additional administration of insulin-lowering drugs , such as metformin , and antiandrogens may produce further benefits , due to their different spectrum of action . effects of long-term metformin and flutamide , an antiandrogen drug , added alone or in combination with a low-calorie diet , on body weight and fat distribution , androgens , metabolic parameters and clinical status in obese women with PCOS were investigated . obese women with PCOS were enrolled in the study . a 1-month diet , according to single-blind design , the patients were allocated to treatment with placebo , metformin ( 850 mg/orally , twice daily ) , flutamide ( 250 mg/orally , twice daily ) or metformin ( 850 mg/orally , twice daily ) + flutamide ( 250 mg/orally , twice daily ) for the following 6 months , while continuing hypocaloric dieting . baseline and at the end of the study , sex hormone , SHBG , lipid , insulin and insulin sensitivity determinations were evaluated . the same time , clinical parameters such as anthropometry , total ( TAT ) , visceral ( VAT ) and subcutaneous ( SAT ) adipose tissue , hirsutism and menses were also measured . found that , in obese PCOS women , following a hypocaloric diet the addition of metformin , flutamide or the combined metformin + flutamide treatment had some specific additional favourable effects with respect to the low-calorie diet alone . particular , flutamide treatment seemed to add a significant effect in decreasing visceral fat , androstenedione , DHEA-S , total and low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol and in improving hirsutism . , metformin had significant benefits on the menstrual status . two drugs showed an additive effect in reducing testosterone concentrations and a synergistic effect in increasing high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol and SHBG levels . of insulin sensitivity and hyperinsulinaemia appeared to depend on hypocaloric diet , without any further significant effect of the pharmacological treatments , either alone or in combination . conclude that , in obese PCOS women , following a hypocaloric diet the addition of metformin , flutamide or the combined metformin + flutamide treatment appears to have a more favourable outcome on body fat distribution , androgens , lipids , hirsutism and menses . , our data emphasize the dominant role of hypocaloric dieting in improving insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia . , this study provides a rationale for specifically targeting different therapeutical options for PCOS according to the required outcomes ."
2470,Abstract #2470,"examine the effects of instructions related to joint kinematics , auditory stimuli , and imagery on lowering the vertical ground reaction forces associated with landing from a jump . controlled trial . laboratory in an educational institution . asymptomatic subjects ( 27 men ) with a mean age of 24 years . were randomly assigned to the following groups : ( 1 ) instruction ( limb position instructions ) ; ( 2 ) auditory cue ( listen to impact sounds ) ; ( 3 ) imagery ( metaphorical ) ; ( 4 ) control . were required to jump from a box 300 mm in height and land on a force plate . of the ground reaction force were recorded before and after the intervention . peak vertical ground reaction force recorded at footstrike . peak vertical ground reaction forces in the technical instruction and auditory groups were significantly less than those of the control group . was no significant difference between the auditory and technical instruction groups . was no significant difference between the imagery and control groups . an aim of a rehabilitation programme is to minimise forces on the lower limb during landing type activities , the findings support the use of instructions related to kinematics as well as instructions that draw the patient 's attention to the sound at impact ."
2471,Abstract #2471,"Weight Loss Maintenance Trial tested strategies for maintenance of weight loss . contact was superior to interactive technology and self-directed conditions . aimed to identify behavioral mediators of the superior effect of personal contact vs. interactive technology and of personal contact vs. self-directed arms . adults at risk for cardiovascular disease ( n = 1,032 ) who lost at least 4 kg were randomized to personal contact , interactive technology , or self-directed . 30 months , 880 participants had data on weight and behavioral strategies . increase of intake of fruits and vegetables and physical activity and more frequent self-weighing met criteria as mediators of the better outcome of personal contact vs. interactive technology . intake of fruits and vegetables , more frequent self-weighing , and decreased dessert consumption were mediators of the difference between personal contact vs. self-directed . changes in the identified behaviors might yield better outcomes in future weight loss maintenance trials ."
2472,Abstract #2472,"decompensated heart failure ( ADHF ) is a major public health burden with significant mortality and morbidity . is a recombinantly produced intravenous formulation of human B-type natriuretic peptide that promotes vasodilation and increases salt and water excretion , which results in reduced cardiac filling pressures . studies have shown that dyspnea is improved in patients with ADHF 3 hours after nesiritide infusion with significant dose-related reductions in cardiac filling pressures and systemic vascular resistance without significant arrhythmias . , the effect of nesiritide on dyspnea at 6 or 24 hours is unknown , and no clinical outcome trials have been done to provide a reliable estimate of the effect of nesiritide on morbidity and mortality . Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure trial ( ASCEND-HF ) is a phase III study evaluating the efficacy and safety of nesiritide in patients with ADHF . hospitalized for hear failure will be randomly assigned to receive either intravenous nesiritide or matching placebo for 24 hours to 7 days . 2 coprimary end points are ( 1 ) assessment of acute dyspnea at 6 or 24 hours and ( 2 ) death or rehospitalization for hear failure within 30 days . total of 7,000 patients will be enrolled worldwide between 2007 and 2010 . data from the ASCEND-HF trial will establish whether nesiritide safely improves acute dyspnea as well as morbidity and mortality at 30 days ."
2473,Abstract #2473,"prospective studies reported that fibrates might increase blood total homocysteine ( tHcy ) concentrations . of this adverse effect , elevated tHcy could potentially compromise the cardiovascular benefit resulting from lipid-lowering by fibrates . our study we aimed to find out whether the folate co-administration would modify the fibrate-induced elevation of tHcy . volunteers ( m 17 , f 7 ; mean age 54.9 years ) with total cholesterol > or = 6 mmol/L and triglycerides less than 5 mmol/L , with normal blood pressure , normal blood glucose and without any pharmacotherapy and/or clinical vascular or metabolic disease , were included in an open , randomised , prospective , crossover study . measured lipids , tHcy , folate , vitamin B12 and renal function markers after diet , after a 6-month administration of 200 mg of fenofibrate ( 3 months in monotherapy followed by 3 months in combination with 10 mg of folate ) and further on after an identical period of fluvastatin administration ( 3 months of 40 mg followed by 3 months of 80 mg ) . in monotherapy , beside the expected lipid-lowering effect , increased tHcy from 10.0 to 14.2 microM/L ( p < 0.001 ) . of folate decreased tHcy to 10.6 microM/L . contrast , fluvastatin did not significantly influence the tHcy concentrations . of folate to fenofibrate therapy has the potential to reverse the fibrate-induced elevation of tHcy ."
2474,Abstract #2474,"determine changes in spinal reflex excitability of the soleus and fibularis longus muscles before and after fibular taping intervention . individuals ( age = 23.4 2.7 y , height = 171.0 12.8 cm , mass = 69.7 11.8 kg ) with chronic ankle instability ( CAI ) and at least 5 ankle dorsiflexion asymmetry volunteered for this randomised crossover design study . participant received a fibular taping with tension or fibular taping without tension during separate sessions . reflex excitability of the soleus and fibularis longus was determined by obtaining maximum values for H-reflex ( Hoffmann reflex ) and maximum compound muscle action potential ( Mmax ) , which was expressed as a ratio ( H/M ratio ) . were obtained immediately before and after a fibular taping intervention . application of tape to the fibula , regardless of tension , did not produce a change in spinal reflex excitability for the soleus ( F1 ,39 = .01 , P = .91 ) or fibularis longus ( F1 ,39 = .001 , P = .99 ) . taping with and without tension did not result in an immediate change in spinal reflex excitability of the soleus or fibularis longus in individuals with CAI . fibular taping has been shown to reduce recurrent ankle sprains in individuals with CAI , the mechanism of effectiveness may not involve an immediate increase in spinal reflex excitability ."
2475,Abstract #2475,"with chronic graft-versus-host disease ( cGVHD ) often suffer from dry mouth and oral mucosal lesions . primary objective of this study was to investigate the safety of an intra-oral electrostimulator ( GenNarino ) in symptomatic cGVHD patients . secondary objective was to study the impact on the salivary gland involvement of cGVHD patients . paper presents a case series . study included patients treated for 4 weeks , randomly assigned to the active device and then crossed-over to a sham-device or vice versa . patients and clinicians were blind to the treatment delivered . regarding oral mucosal and salivary gland involvement were collected . patients were included in this series . of the intraoral areas with manifestations of cGVHD were not in contact with the GenNarino device . patients developed mild mucosal lesions in areas in contact with the GenNarino during the study . , only one of them had a change in the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) score for oral cGVHD . unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate increased in 4 out of the 5 patients included in this analysis . of dry mouth and general oral comfort improved . study suggests that GenNarino is safe in cGVHD patients with respect to oral tissues . the use of GenNarino resulted in subjective and objective improvements in dry mouth symptoms . large scale study is needed to confirm the impact and safety of GenNarino on systemic cGVHD ."
2476,Abstract #2476,"screen-and-treat approaches for cervical cancer prevention have been developed for low-resource settings , but few have directly addressed efficacy . determine the safety and efficacy of 2 screen-and-treat approaches for cervical cancer prevention that were designed to be more resource-appropriate than conventional cytology-based screening programs . clinical trial of 6555 nonpregnant women , aged 35 to 65 years , recruited through community outreach and conducted between June 2000 and December 2002 at ambulatory women 's health clinics in Khayelitsha , South Africa . patients were screened using human papillomavirus ( HPV ) DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid ( VIA ) . were subsequently randomized to 1 of 3 groups : cryotherapy if she had a positive HPV DNA test result ; cryotherapy if she had a positive VIA test result ; or to delayed evaluation . high-grade cervical cancer precursor lesions and cancer at 6 and 12 months in the HPV DNA and VIA groups compared with the delayed evaluation ( control ) group ; complications after cryotherapy . prevalence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer ( CIN 2 + ) was significantly lower in the 2 screen-and-treat groups at 6 months after randomization than in the delayed evaluation group . 6 months , CIN 2 + was diagnosed in 0.80 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.40 % -1.20 % ) of the women in the HPV DNA group and 2.23 % ( 95 % CI , 1.57 % -2.89 % ) in the VIA group compared with 3.55 % ( 95 % CI , 2.71 % -4.39 % ) in the delayed evaluation group ( P < .001 and P = .02 for the HPV DNA and VIA groups , respectively ) . subset of women underwent a second colposcopy 12 months after enrollment . 12 months the cumulative detection of CIN 2 + among women in the HPV DNA group was 1.42 % ( 95 % CI , 0.88 % -1.97 % ) , 2.91 % ( 95 % CI , 2.12 % -3.69 % ) in the VIA group , and 5.41 % ( 95 % CI , 4.32 % -6.50 % ) in the delayed evaluation group . minor complaints , such as discharge and bleeding , were common after cryotherapy , major complications were rare . screen-and-treat approaches are safe and result in a lower prevalence of high-grade cervical cancer precursor lesions compared with delayed evaluation at both 6 and 12 months . Registration http://clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT00233727 ."
2477,Abstract #2477,"aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile resistance of a flowable resin in different dentin depths , after superficial treatment with Er : YAG laser . molars were selected and roots were removed . were bisected in half , embedded in polyester resin and ground until dentin was exposed . bonding site was delimited and samples were randomly assigned into two groups : superficial dentin ( SD -- 1 mm from amelodentinal junction ) and deep dentin ( DD -- 2 mm from amelodentinal junction ) . samples were subdivided in three groups according to superficial treatment : non-rinsing conditioner ( NRC ) solely ; Er : YAG laser ( 80 mJ/2 Hz ) + NRC ; Er : YAG laser solely . conditioning , Prime and Bond NT/Dyract flow ( Dentsply ) was used for the manufacture of specimens . were adapted to a metallic device , where resin cones were prepared . were stored for 24 h and subjected to a bond strength test ( 50 kgf at 0.5 mm/min ) . in MPa were : SD-NRC solely 12.29 ( + / -4.40 ) ; laser + NRC 12.11 ( + / -3.23 ) ; laser solely 5.74 ( + / -3.01 ) and DD-NRC solely 9.60 ( + / -3.13 ) ; laser + NRC 10.44 ( + / -2.23 ) ; laser solely 3.50 ( + / -1.70 ) . were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Scheff test ( p < 0.05 ) . produced better results and tensile bond strength , while on DD the treatment with NRC or Laser + NRC had higher tensile bond strength . results suggest that when Er : YAG laser for dentin treatment is used , it is mandatory to associate it to a conditioning agent ."
2478,Abstract #2478,"obesity is a growing problem , particularly in rural , Louisiana school children . , school-based obesity prevention programs have used a primary prevention approach . methods to deliver secondary prevention programs to large numbers of students without singling out overweight students has been a challenge . innovative approach to achieving this goal is through use of an Internet intervention targeted toward a student 's weight status . article describes the Louisiana ( LA ) Health Internet intervention , including the student Web site , the Internet counselor Web site , and the Internet counseling process . LA Health Internet intervention had separate interfaces for students and Internet counselors . main features of the student site were behavioral weight loss lessons , lesson activities , chat with an Internet counselor , and email . Internet counselor site contained these same features , plus a student directory and various means of obtaining student information to guide counseling . on their baseline weight status , students received lessons and counseling that promoted either weight loss or weight maintenance . was delivered during class time , and teachers scheduled Internet counseling sessions with intervention personnel . LA Health Internet intervention was initially implemented within 14 schools ; 773 students were granted access to the site . Fall 2007 to Spring 2009 , 1174 hours of Internet counselor coverage was needed to implement the Internet counseling component of this intervention LA Health Internet intervention is an innovative and feasible method of delivering a secondary prevention program within a school setting to large numbers of students ."
2479,Abstract #2479,"recent study compared the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( TDF ) vs the combination of emtricitabine and TDF ( FTC/TDF ) in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B who were treated for as long as 96 weeks . report findings from resistance analyses conducted for this study . hundred eighty patients with chronic hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection and lamivudine resistance ( confirmed by INNO-LiPA Multi-DR ) were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) to groups treated with TDF or FTC/TDF . HBV reverse transcriptase domain from the polymerase gene from all patients was sequenced at baseline and from 18 viremic patients at week 96 or early discontinuation . screening for the efficacy study , 99 % of patients were found to have lamivudine resistance . exposure to entecavir or entecavir resistance was observed in 12 % of patients , and 22 % of patients had been previously exposed to adefovir ; 1.8 % were resistant to adefovir . 18 patients ( 6.4 % ) qualified for sequence analysis , including 1 patient who experienced virologic breakthrough and 17 with persistent viremia . of these patients did not have any sequence changes from baseline in HBV reverse transcriptase ( 33 % ) , and sequence analysis could not be performed for 5 patients ( 28 % ) . 2 patients who qualified for phenotypic analysis ( 1 given TDF and 1 given FTC/TDF ) , no resistance to TDF was observed . previous treatment exposure nor resistance to entecavir or adefovir affected viral kinetics . , the mean baseline level of HBV DNA was significantly higher in viremic patients than in patients with viral suppression by week 96 ( 7.28 log10 IU/mL vs 5.62 log10 IU/mL ; P = .0003 ) . resistance to TDF was detected through 96 weeks of treatment in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B. Prior treatment or resistance to entecavir or adefovir did not affect viral kinetics through 96 weeks . additional benefit was observed with the addition of emtricitabine vs TDF monotherapy . number : NCT00737568 ."
2480,Abstract #2480,"clinical compatibility of two newly developed lipid emulsions based on soy oil ( 20 % ) emulsified with egg lecithin ( 12 g/l ) or soy lecithin ( 15 g/l ) ( Solipid 20 % E&S ) has been compared . prospective randomized study . care unit of a university hospital . patients ( 16 men , 4 women , age 20-59 years ) were entered into the study . g of lipids/kg body weight per day was administered on day 1 and subsequently 2 g/kg/day on days 2-5 . was drawn once a day , lipids , lipoproteins , apoproteins and other routine clinical chemistry parameters were determined . significant increase of total triglycerides could be observed . cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , apolipoproteins A I and B usually remained below the reference ranges . , uric acid and glucose , blood cells , parameters of liver and kidney function , coagulation and protein metabolism did not show relevant changes ; only the activity of gamma-GT in both groups -- independent of the sort of lecithin -- increased significantly . results indicate adequate elimination of both tested lipid emulsions from the plasma at usual clinical conditions . Solipid 20 % S&E can be used in critically ill patients ."
2481,Abstract #2481,"phase IIb test-of-concept studies evaluated the replication-defective adenovirus type 5 ( Ad5 ) vaccine MRK gag/pol/nef HIV vaccine to prevent infection or decrease early plasma viral load in disparate populations . STEP study enrolled men and women in the Americas , Caribbean and Australia ; the Phambili trial enrolled men and women in South Africa , where the modes of sexual transmission and HIV-1 risk , subtypes of HIV-1 , and background Ad5 seroprevalence differed . in both studies were stopped , after the first interim efficacy analysis of the STEP study crossed predetermined nonefficacy boundaries . trial demonstrated a decrease in HIV acquisition nor decreased early plasma viral load in vaccinees compared with placebo recipients . analyses of men enrolled in the STEP study showed a larger number of HIV infections in the subgroup of vaccinated men who were Ad5-seropositive and uncircumcised compared with a comparable placebo group . was not demonstrated in the Phambili study , in which most men were heterosexual , whereas most in STEP were homosexual/bisexual . analysis of the STEP study has yet to explain the effect of Ad5 seroprevalence on increased HIV-1 susceptibility in men receiving the vaccine . , promising vaccine effects on early viral control were seen , and the possibility of effects on early viral load set-point in women in Phambili was seen . trials have provided a number of lessons about the importance of clinical trials in the HIV vaccine discovery process , and insight into the type and level of immune response that will be required for control of viral replication ."
2482,Abstract #2482,"determine initial technical results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( PTA ) and stent procedures in the iliac artery , mean intraarterial pressure gradients were recorded before and after each procedure . randomly assigned 213 patients with typical intermittent claudication to primary stent placement ( n = 107 ) or primary PTA ( n = 106 ) , with subsequent stenting in the case of a residual mean pressure gradient of > 10 mmHg ( n = 45 ) . criteria included angiographic iliac artery stenosis ( > 50 % diameter reduction ) and/or a peak systolic velocity ratio > 2.5 on duplex examination . intraarterial pressures were simultaneously recorded above and below the lesion , at rest and also during vasodilatation in the case of a resting gradient < or = 10 mmHg . gradients in the primary stent group were 14.9 + / - 10.4 mmHg before and 2.9 + / - 3.5 mmHg after stenting . gradients in the primary PTA group were 17.3 + / - 11.3 mmHg pre-PTA , 4.2 + / - 5.4 mmHg post-PTA , and 2.5 + / - 2.8 mmHg after selective stenting . with primary stent placement , PTA plus selective stent placement avoided application of a stent in 63 % ( 86/137 ) of cases , resulting in a considerable cost saving . results of primary stenting and PTA plus selective stenting are similar in terms of residual pressure gradients ."
2483,Abstract #2483,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of MBP8298 in subjects with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis ( SPMS ) who express human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) haplotype DR2 or DR4 ( DR2 ( + ) or DR4 ( + ) ) . multicenter randomized 2-year , double-blind , placebo-controlled study included 612 subjects with a diagnosis of SPMS and an Expanded Disability Status Scale ( EDSS ) score of 3.5-6 .5 , stratified according to baseline EDSS score ( 3.5-5 .0 , or 5.5-6 .5 ) and HLA haplotype ( DR2 ( + ) or DR4 ( + ) , or DR2 ( - ) / DR4 ( - ) ) . entry of 100 DR2 ( - ) / DR4 ( - ) subjects , further study enrollment was limited to DR2 ( + ) or DR4 ( + ) subjects . were randomly assigned to either 500 mg MBP8298 or placebo , given by IV injection once every 6 months for 2 years . primary outcome measure was time to progression by 1.0 EDSS point ( or 0.5 point if baseline EDSS was 5.5 or higher ) , confirmed 6 months later . outcomes included mean change in EDSS , mean change in Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite , MRI changes , annualized relapse rate , and quality of life . were no significant differences between treatment groups in either the primary or secondary endpoints . was well tolerated in all treated subjects with no safety issues identified . the population studied , treatment with MBP8298 did not provide a clinical benefit compared to placebo . study provides Class 1 evidence that MBP8298 is not effective in patients with SPMS who are HLA DR2 ( + ) or DR4 ( + ) ."
2484,Abstract #2484,"efficacy of adjusted-dose warfarin for prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is unknown . with stage 3 CKD participating in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation 3 trials were assessed to determine the effect of warfarin anticoagulation on stroke and major hemorrhage , and whether CKD status independently contributed to stroke risk . participants ( n = 1044 ) in the randomized trial were assigned to adjusted-dose warfarin ( target international normalized ratio 2 to 3 ) versus aspirin ( 325 mg ) plus fixed , low-dose warfarin ( subsequently shown to be equivalent to aspirin alone ) . participants ( n = 892 ) all received 325 mg aspirin daily . primary outcome was ischemic stroke ( 96 % ) or systemic embolism ( 4 % ) . the 1936 participants in the two trials , 42 % ( n = 805 ) had stage 3 CKD at entry . the 1314 patients not assigned to adjusted-dose warfarin , the primary event rate was double among those with stage 3 CKD ( hazard ratio 2.0 , 95 % CI 1.2 , 3.3 ) versus those with a higher estimated GFR ( eGFR ) . the 516 participants with stage 3 CKD included in the randomized trial , ischemic stroke/systemic embolism was reduced 76 % ( 95 % CI 42 , 90 ; P < 0.001 ) by adjusted-dose warfarin compared with aspirin/low-dose warfarin ; there was no difference in major hemorrhage ( 5 patients versus 6 patients , respectively ) . atrial fibrillation patients participating in the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III trials , stage 3 CKD was associated with higher rates of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism . warfarin markedly reduced ischemic stroke/systemic embolism in high-risk atrial fibrillation patients with stage 3 CKD ."
2485,Abstract #2485,"prospectively assessed the efficacy and side effects of four sedation techniques in our dental clinic : oral midazolam , intranasal ( IN ) midazolam , IN midazolam combined with oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate ( OTFC ) , and IN midazolam combined with IN sufentanil . IRB approval , a nonrandomized open label study of moderate sedation in children undergoing dental surgery was administered during a 6 - month period . sedation regimen was rotated daily at the anesthesiologist 's discretion . sedation was monitored by a research nurse who assessed the quality of sedation and the frequency of complications . children were monitored during the procedure and recovery for at least 20 min , before discharge based on the University of Michigan Sedation and Ohio State behavior rating scores . hundred and two children were sedated in the dental clinic during this period . sedation was successful in 73 % ( range 64 % to 88 % ) of the children . time to onset was greatest with OTFC ( 37 min ) and least with IN midazolam ( 17 min ) compared with the other two groups ( 20 and 30 min ) . after OTFC was prolonged ( 39 min ) significantly compared with the other three groups ( 26.5-30 min ) . of sedation and frequency of complications ( 9 % incidence of nausea and 6 % of mild hemoglobin desaturation ) were similar among the groups . four sedation regimens were equally effective in this cohort of healthy children . onset and recovery with OTFC was significantly delayed compared with the other regimens . frequency of side effects was small ; there were no side effects in the PO midazolam group ."
2486,Abstract #2486,"benefits of human milk for preterm infants are widely recognized , yet technological advances in milk expression have been slow . compared the efficacy of a standard electric pump ( EP ; Egnell ) used in 94 % of United Kingdom neonatal units with a novel manual pump ( MP ; Avent ISIS ) designed to operate more physiologically by simulating the infant 's compressive action on the areola during breastfeeding . randomized 145 women who delivered infants of < 35 weeks ' gestation to use the MP or the EP and measured total milk volume expressed while using the randomized pump during the infant 's hospital stay , pattern of milk output and creamatocrit of milk expressed during a test period in the second week , and pump characteristics by maternal questionnaire . who used the EP , who frequently double pumped , showed shorter expression times but produced no more milk than mothers who used the MP . both pumped sequentially , however , mothers who used the MP showed significantly greater milk flow and total volume over 20 minutes . was unaffected by pump type . MP was rated significantly higher than the EP on 5 major characteristics . compared on equal terms ( sequential pumping ) , mothers who used the MP showed greater milk flow , perhaps reflecting more physiologic pump design . with double pumping , mothers who used the EP did not advantage their infants with greater milk production . believe that this novel , effective MP , preferred by mothers and costing a fraction of the EP price , reflects a significant advance in milk expression for high-risk infants.breast pumps , randomized trial , preterm infants ."
2487,Abstract #2487,"purpose of this randomised controlled trial was to compare the long-term clinical outcome of cemented and screw-retained implant-supported single-tooth crowns . consecutive patients presenting with single-tooth bilateral edentulous sites in the canine/molar region with adequate bone width , similar bone height at the implant sites , and an occlusal scheme that allowed for the establishment of identical occlusal cusp/fossa contacts were treated . patient received two identical implants according to a split-mouth design . side was randomly selected to be restored with a cemented implant-supported single crown , and the other was restored with a screw-retained implant-supported single crown . measures were implant success , complications , marginal bone levels and peri-implant soft tissue health . years after initial loading , 2 patients moved away and were lost to follow-up . implants placed in the same patient failed 5 years after their insertion ; the remaining 30 implants survived , resulting in a cumulative implant success rate of 93.7 % . complication occurred . mean marginal bone resorption at 10 years after implant placement , measured on intraoral radiographs , was 1.1 0.2 mm for both types of restorations . were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to peri-implant marginal bone level at the 10-year follow-up appointment ( T2 ) ( P = 0.58 ) ; at the 4-year follow-up appointment ( T1 ) a statistically significant difference was observed ( P = 0.01 ) , but this was not considered clinically relevant ( mean difference : -0.06 mm ) . status of the soft tissue around the implants remained stable over the evaluation period . statistically significant difference was identified for the facial keratinised gingiva between the two groups at T1 ( P = 0.10 ) or at T2 ( P = 0.07 ) . the limitations of this study , the results indicate that there was no evidence of a significant difference in the clinical behaviour of the peri-implant marginal bone or of the peri-implant soft tissues when cemented or screw-retained single-tooth implant restorations were provided ."
2488,Abstract #2488,"is still debated whether a degenerative horizontal tear of the medial meniscus should be treated with surgery . clinical outcomes of arthroscopic meniscectomy will be better than those of nonoperative treatment for a degenerative horizontal tear of the medial meniscus . controlled trial ; Level of evidence , 1 . total of 102 patients with knee pain and a degenerative horizontal tear of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus on magnetic resonance imaging were included in this study between January 2007 and July 2009 . study included 81 female and 21 male patients with an average age of 53.8 years ( range , 43-62 years ) . patients underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy ( meniscectomy group ) , and 52 patients underwent nonoperative treatment with strengthening exercises ( nonoperative group ) . outcomes were compared using a visual analog scale ( VAS ) for pain , Lysholm knee score , Tegner activity scale , and patient subjective knee pain and satisfaction . evaluations were performed using the Kellgren-Lawrence classification to evaluate osteoarthritic changes . terms of clinical outcomes , meniscectomy did not provide better functional improvement than nonoperative treatment . the final follow-up , the average VAS scores were 1.8 ( range , 1-5 ) in the meniscectomy group and 1.7 ( range , 1-4 ) in the nonoperative group ( P = .675 ) . average Lysholm knee scores at 2-year follow-up were 83.2 ( range , 52-100 ) and 84.3 ( range , 58-100 ) in the meniscectomy and nonoperative groups , respectively ( P = .237 ) . addition , the average Tegner activity scale and subjective satisfaction scores were not significantly different between the 2 groups . most patients initially had intense knee pain with mechanical symptoms , both groups reported a relief in knee pain , improved knee function , and a high level of satisfaction with treatment ( P < .05 for all values ) . patients in the meniscectomy group and 3 in the nonoperative group with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1 progressed to grade 2 at the 2-year follow-up . were no significant differences between arthroscopic meniscectomy and nonoperative management with strengthening exercises in terms of relief in knee pain , improved knee function , or increased satisfaction in patients after 2 years of follow-up ."
2489,Abstract #2489,"homocysteine blood concentrations predispose to coronary artery disease and statins influence homocysteine levels . study whether genes that regulate homocysteine metabolism interact with statins to modify the risk of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and other cardiovascular outcomes . Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment is an ancillary study of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial ( ALLHAT ) . genotyped population in the Lipid-Lowering Trial of Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial included 9624 participants randomly assigned to pravastatin or to usual care . efficacy of pravastatin in reducing risk of all-cause mortality and CHD was compared among genotype strata ( MTHFR 677 CC , CT , and TT , MTHFR 1298 AA , AC , and CC , CBSins DD and I ) by examining an interaction term in a proportional hazards model . evidence existed of a pharmacogenetic effect on statins with the MTHFR 1298 A > C genotype for CHD risk . , in persons with the CC variant for the MTHFR 677 C > T genotype , a significantly protective effect against CHD [ 0.71 ( 95 % CI 0.58-0 .87 ) ] was shown , although in the CT [ 1.25 ( 95 % CI 0.97-1 .61 ) ] and TT groups [ 0.80 ( 95 % CI 0.50-1 .28 ) ] there were no such effects ( interaction hazard ratio P = 0.004 ) . CBSins , I + variant was associated with a significantly reduced risk for CHD among those on statin treatment [ 0.58 ( 95 % CI 0.44-0 .78 ) ] whereas the DD genotype showed no effect of statin therapy [ 1.01 ( 95 % CI 0.84-1 .20 ; P = 0.002 for interaction ] . the endpoint all-cause mortality , no significant differences in efficacy were noted . in genes in the homocysteine pathway ( MTHFR 677 C > T and CBSins ) appear to modify the efficacy of pravastatin in reducing risk of cardiovascular events ."
2490,Abstract #2490,"is common in infants of diabetic mothers ( IDMs ) and may be caused by secondary hypoparathyroidism related to hypomagnesemia . study was designed to test the hypothesis that prophylactic magnesium sulfate ( MgSO4 ) administration at birth in IDMs with low cord magnesium concentrations will prevent neonatal hypocalcemia . this randomized trial conducted in IDMs with a cord magnesium concentration of < 0.74 mM ( 1.8 mg/dl ) , 26 subjects received 6 mg/kg elemental magnesium and 23 subjects received no treatment . concentrations of total and ionized calcium , phosphorus , and magnesium were recorded at birth , by measuring the concentrations within the umbilical cord , and at 24 and 72 hours of age . incidence of hypocalcemia at 72 hours was 0 % ( 0 of 23 ) in the magnesium-treated group and 12.5 % ( 2 of 16 ) in the group with no treatment ( p = 0.16 ) . was no difference in mean serum calcium concentration at 72 hours between infants in the treated group and the group with no treatment ( 2.28 + / - 0.04 vs 2.22 + / - 0.05 mM ; p = 0.39 ) . drop in serum calcium concentration from birth to 72 hours of age was less for the treated group ( 0.30 + / - 0.05 mM [ 1.23 + / - 0.18 mg/dl ] ) than the group with no treatment ( 0.45 + / - 0.05 mM [ 1.81 + / - 0.21 mg/dl ] ; p = 0.04 ) . of intramuscular MgSO4 to IDMs with cord magnesium < 0.74 mM ( 1.8 mg/dl ) does not reduce the incidence of hypocalcemia in infants of well-controlled diabetic mothers ."
2491,Abstract #2491,"systemic encephalopathy ( PSE ) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with hepatic failure . scale studies have shown the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil to be effective in ameliorating PSE . determine the efficacy of flumazenil in patients with non-comatous mild to moderate PSE ( stages I to III ) due to severe chronic liver disease . male and female adults without symptoms of severe bleeding and sepsis and who screened negative for benzodiazepine in both blood and urine , were included in the study . were randomised to receive either three sequential bolus injections of flumazenil ( 0.4 , 0.8 , and 1 mg ) or placebo at one minute intervals , followed by intravenous infusions of either flumazenil ( 1 mg/h ) or placebo for three hours . PSE grading and vital signs were assessed hourly during baseline and post-treatment periods and half hourly during treatment . main outcome measures were improvement in group average PSE score and reduction of two points in individual PSE score ( clinically relevant improvement ) . mean average improvement in the PSE score in the subjects treated with flumazenil was not statistically significantly different from placebo . , for patients showing clinically relevant improvement , the difference between flumazenil and placebo was statistically significant ( seven of 28 v none of 21 ; p = 0.015 ) . was well tolerated . subgroup of patients with PSE resulting from chronic liver disease may benefit from the administration of flumazenil ."
2492,Abstract #2492,"sequential chemotherapy including anthracyclines and taxanes has been established in the adjuvant setting of high-risk operable breast cancer . , the preferable taxane and optimal schedule of administration in a dose-dense regimen have not been defined yet . July 2005 to November 2008 , 1001 patients ( 990 eligible ) were randomized to receive , every 2 weeks , 3 cycles of epirubicin 110 mg/m2 followed by 3 cycles of paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 followed by 3 cycles of intensified CMF ( Arm A ; 333 patients ) , or 3 cycles of epirubicin followed by 3 cycles of CMF , as in Arm A , followed 3 weeks later by 9 weekly cycles of docetaxel 35 mg/m2 ( Arm B ; 331 ) , or 9 weekly cycles of paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 ( Arm C ; 326 ) . was administered for one year to HER2-positive patients post-radiation . a median follow-up of 60.5 months , the 3-year disease-free survival ( DFS ) rate was 86 % , 90 % and 88 % , for Arms A , B and C , respectively , while the 3-year overall survival ( OS ) rate was 96 % in all arms . differences were found in DFS or OS between the combined B and C Arms versus Arm A ( DFS : HR = 0.81 , 95 % CI : 0.59-1 .11 , P = 0.20 ; OS : HR = 0.84 , 95 % CI : 0.55-1 .30 , P = 0.43 ) . the 255 patients who received trastuzumab , 189 patients ( 74 % ) completed 1 year of treatment uneventfully . all arms , the most frequently reported severe adverse events were neutropenia ( 30 % vs. 27 % vs. 26 % ) and leucopenia ( 12 % vs. 13 % vs. 12 % ) , while febrile neutropenia occurred in fifty-one patients ( 6 % vs. 4 % vs. 5 % ) . in Arm A experienced more often severe pain ( P = 0.002 ) , neurological complications ( P = 0.004 ) and allergic reactions ( P = 0.004 ) , while patients in Arm B suffered more often from severe skin reactions ( P = 0.020 ) . significant differences in survival between the regimens were found in the present phase III trial . scheduling influenced the type of severe toxicities . patients demonstrated comparable 3-year DFS and OS rates with those reported in other similar studies . New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000151033 ."
2493,Abstract #2493,"cocaine use undermines adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) . pilot randomized clinical trial tested the feasibility and efficacy of 2 interventions based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill model to improve HAART adherence and reduce crack cocaine problems . were 54 adults with crack cocaine use and HIV with < 90 % HAART adherence . participants were African-American ( 82 % ) heterosexual ( 59 % ) , and crack cocaine dependent ( 92 % ) . adherence was 58 % in the past 2 weeks . viral loads ( VL ) were detectable ( logVL 2.97 ) . interventions included 6 sessions of Motivational Interviewing plus feedback and skills building ( MI + ) , or Video information plus debriefing ( Video + ) over 8 weeks . outcomes were adherence by 14-day timeline follow-back and Addiction Severity Index ( ASI ) Drug Composite Scores at 3 and 6 months . measure ANOVA assessed main effects of the interventions and interactions by condition . increases in adherence and reductions in ASI Drug Composite Scores occurred in both conditions by 3 months and were maintained at 6 months , representing medium effect sizes . between group differences were observed . VL changes were observed in either group . credibility , retention , and satisfaction were high and not different by condition . counseling and a video intervention both improved adherence and drug problems durably among people with crack cocaine use and poor adherence in this pilot study . interventions should be tested further among drug users with poor adherence . interventions may be feasible and scalable for people with HIV and drug use ."
2494,Abstract #2494,"repair can be accomplished with an investigational procedure that involves the percutaneous implantation of a clip that grasps and approximates the edges of the mitral leaflets at the origin of the regurgitant jet . randomly assigned 279 patients with moderately severe or severe ( grade 3 + or 4 + ) mitral regurgitation in a 2:1 ratio to undergo either percutaneous repair or conventional surgery for repair or replacement of the mitral valve . primary composite end point for efficacy was freedom from death , from surgery for mitral-valve dysfunction , and from grade 3 + or 4 + mitral regurgitation at 12 months . primary safety end point was a composite of major adverse events within 30 days . 12 months , the rates of the primary end point for efficacy were 55 % in the percutaneous-repair group and 73 % in the surgery group ( P = 0.007 ) . respective rates of the components of the primary end point were as follows : death , 6 % in each group ; surgery for mitral-valve dysfunction , 20 % versus 2 % ; and grade 3 + or 4 + mitral regurgitation , 21 % versus 20 % . adverse events occurred in 15 % of patients in the percutaneous-repair group and 48 % of patients in the surgery group at 30 days ( P < 0.001 ) . 12 months , both groups had improved left ventricular size , New York Heart Association functional class , and quality-of-life measures , as compared with baseline . percutaneous repair was less effective at reducing mitral regurgitation than conventional surgery , the procedure was associated with superior safety and similar improvements in clinical outcomes . Funded by Abbott Vascular ; EVEREST II ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00209274 . )"
2495,Abstract #2495,"aims of this study were to test the feasibility and to assess potential recruitment rates in a pilot study preliminary to a phase III randomized trial of decompressive craniectomy surgery in patients with diffuse traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) and refractory intracranial hypertension . study protocol was developed , inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined , and a standardized surgical technique was established . outcomes were assessed 6 months after injury with a validated structured questionnaire and a single trained assessor blind to treatment group . the 8-month pilot study at a level 1 trauma center in Melbourne , Australia , 69 intensive care patients with severe TBI were assessed for inclusion . patients were eligible , and 5 ( 8 % ) were randomized . months after injury , 100 % of patients received outcome assessments . improvements to the multicenter Decompressive Craniectomy study protocol were enabled by the pilot study . patients with severe TBI and refractory intracranial hypertension , the frequency of favorable neurologic outcomes ( independent living ) was low and similar to predicted values ( 40 % favorable ) . future multicenter phase III trial involving 18 neurotrauma centers with most sites conservatively recruiting at just 25 % of the pilot study rate would require at least 5 years to achieve an estimated 210-patient sample size . with neurotrauma centers in countries other than Australia and New Zealand would be required for such a phase III trial to be successful ."
2496,Abstract #2496,"studies have examined the relationship between directly measured oxygen uptake ( VO2 ) and self-reported physical function ( PF ) . purpose of this study was : 1 ) to examine the relationship between peak V02 and PF and 2 ) to determine whether a threshold or cut point exist that distinguishes between individuals reporting required assistance in the performance of functional tasks ( low PF ) and those who report ability to perform tasks independently ( high PF ) . were 161 community-dwelling adults , ages 65-90 , who had a baseline evaluation for a clinical trail that included measurement of peak V02 and PF consisted of a summary score combining scores from the Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire , Nagi Disability Study . Scale , Physical Function Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study , and the Falls Efficacy Scale . tree , cubic spline , and logistic regression analyses explored these relationships with age , gender , education , race , body mass index , depression , and total number of chronic diseases included as important covariates . all covariates examined , peak V02 was most strongly associated with ( P = 0.004 ) with PF . was not threshold effect . tree analyses indicated that 18.3 mL.kg-1 . was the optimal cut point distinguishing between low PF and High PG ( P < 0.0001 ) . differences in PF ( P = 0.002 ) were no longer significant when peak V02 was included in the PF model ( P = 0.17 ) . data indicate that individuals with a V02 < 18 mL.kg-1min-1 report significant difficulty in the performance of daily tasks and that differences in peak V02 may explain , in part , why women report more impairment in PF ."
2497,Abstract #2497,"aim of this pilot study using non-disabled subjects was to measure energy expenditure , hand position and ride comfort , in a standard dual handrim Sunrise Breezy Wheelchair compared to one modified with a novel ergonomic self propelled steering ( ESP ) mechanism kit . clinical reasoning underpinning the engineering design of the ESP kit was to develop a more ergonomically efficient mechanism for wheelchair steering and propulsion for individuals who had sustained cerebral vascular accidents . non-disabled males participated in a repeated measures trial by driving two manual wheelchairs - a standard manual dual handrim wheelchair and one fitted with the steering conversion kit . were randomly assigned , to participants who drove each wheelchair around a designated circuit . consumption , carbon dioxide and heart rate were measured as indicators of ergonomic efficiency using a Cosmed analyser . for each wheelchair was measured using a validated questionnaire . rate ( bpm ) , oxygen consumption ( O2 ml/min ) and exhaled carbon dioxide ( CO2 ml/min ) were significantly lower in the modified wheelchair ( P < 0.001 , P < 0.006 and P < 0.014 , respectively ) . comfort ratings were reported to be significantly greater in the ESP ( P < 0.05 ) . ESP conversion kit transforms a standard Sunrise Breezy Wheelchair into one that is ergonomically more efficient and comfortable for non-disabled subjects ."
2498,Abstract #2498,"fears and concerns are associated with gastroscopy ( EGD ) decrease patient compliance . sedation ( CS ) and non-pharmacological interventions have been proposed to reduce anxiety and allow better execution of EGD . aim of this study was to assess whether CS , supplementary information with a videotape , or presence of a relative during the examination could improve the tolerance to EGD . hundred and twenty-six outpatients ( pts ) , scheduled for a first-time non-emergency EGD were randomly assigned to 4 groups : Co-group ( 62 pts ) : throat anaesthesia only ; Mi-group ( 52 pts ) : CS with i.v. midazolam ; Re-group ( 58 pts ) : presence of a relative throughout the procedure ; Vi-group ( 54 pts ) : additional information with a videotape . was measured using the `` Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Scales '' . patients assessed the overall discomfort during the procedure on an 100-mm visual analogue scale , and their tolerance to EGD answering a questionnaire . endoscopist evaluated the technical difficulty of the examination and the tolerance of the patients on an 100-mm visual analogue scale and answering a questionnaire . anxiety levels were higher in the Mi-group than in the other groups ( P < 0.001 ) . the basis of the patients ' evaluation , EGD was well tolerated by 80.7 % of patients in Mi-group , 43.5 % in Co-group , 58.6 % in Re-group , and 50 % in Vi-group ( P < 0.01 ) . discomfort caused by EGD , evaluated by either the endoscopist or the patients , was lower in Mi-group than in the other groups . discomfort was correlated with `` age '' ( P < 0.001 ) and `` groups of patients '' ( P < 0.05 ) in the patients ' evaluation , and with `` gender '' ( females tolerated better than males , P < 0.001 ) and `` groups of patients '' ( P < 0.05 ) in the endoscopist 's evaluation . sedation can improve the tolerance to EGD . gender and young age are predictive factors of bad tolerance to the procedure ."
2499,Abstract #2499,"aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine and lithium monotherapy with that of placebo for a major depressive episode in bipolar disorder . patients with DSM-IV-defined bipolar disorder ( 499 bipolar I , 303 bipolar II ) were randomly allocated to quetiapine 300 mg/d ( n = 265 ) , quetiapine 600 mg/d ( n = 268 ) , lithium 600 to 1800 mg/d ( n = 136 ) , or placebo ( n = 133 ) for 8 weeks . endpoint was the change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ( MADRS ) total score . study was conducted from August 2005 to May 2007 . MADRS total score change from baseline at week 8 was -15.4 for quetiapine 300 mg/d , -16.1 for quetiapine 600 mg/d , -13.6 for lithium , and -11.8 for placebo ( P < .001 for both quetiapine doses , P = .123 for lithium , vs placebo ) . 600 mg/d was significantly more effective than lithium in improving MADRS total score at week 8 ( P = .013 ) . ( both doses ) , but not lithium-treated , patients showed significant improvements ( P < .05 ) in MADRS response and remission rates , Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS ) , Clinical Global Impressions-Bipolar-Severity of Illness and - Change , and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ( HARS ) scores at week 8 versus placebo . quetiapine doses were more effective than lithium at week 8 on the HDRS and HARS . most common adverse events were somnolence , dry mouth , and dizziness with quetiapine ( both doses ) and nausea with lithium . ( 300 or 600 mg/d ) was more effective than placebo for the treatment of episodes of acute depression in bipolar disorder . did not significantly differ from placebo on the main measures of efficacy . treatments were generally well tolerated . Identifier : NCT00206141 ."
2500,Abstract #2500,"may arise during laparoscopic procedures in which alignment of the laparoscope and the instruments is off by 180 , creating a mirror image of the operative field . has been shown that task performance is degraded under these reverse-alignment conditions , and that the magnitude of performance impairment is directly related to laparoscopic experience and skill . aim of this study was to determine if reverse-alignment surgical skills could be developed through training . medical students were randomized to train in either reverse - or forward-alignment conditions on a standardized laparoscopic task in a video trainer ( peg transfer ) . scores were attained for each group under both orientations . participated in three 1-h training sessions during an 8-week period . scores were then obtained under both alignment conditions . and post-training scores were compared for users in each study group under both conditions . assessments in the forward orientation demonstrated that subjects in the forward-training group improved significantly compared to pre-testing , while the performance of subjects in the reverse-training group did not improve . reverse-alignment conditions , both groups improved on post-test assessment , with dramatic improvements observed for those in the reverse-training group . novices can learn to adapt to a sensorimotor discordance in a simulated training environment . it is possible that skills developed by training under standard forward-alignment conditions can be utilized in situations of extreme visual-spatial discordance , the intentional development of reverse-alignment skills by training under these conditions may prove beneficial to novice surgeons ."
2501,Abstract #2501,"formulations of nicotine replacement therapy are commercially available . was the aim of this study to test preference , safety and efficacy of a new nicotine mouth spray ( 1 mg/actuation ; NicoNovum ) . hundred healthy smokers wanting to quit ( mean age 43.1 + / - 11.2 years ) were included . were given the mouth spray , as well as 2-mg nicotine gums and nicotine oral inhalers to try out for 1 week . , all participants were randomized into 3 groups - mouth spray ( n = 50 ) , gum ( n = 25 ) and inhaler ( n = 25 ) - and treated for 3 months . of the hundred smokers preferred the spray , compared with 28 and 18 who preferred the gum and inhaler , respectively ( p < 0.01 for spray vs. both the gum and inhaler ) . 6 months , the sustained abstinence rates were 8 ( 16 % ) , 5 ( 20 % ) and 2 ( 8 % ) for the mouth spray , gum and inhaler , respectively ( p values = n.s. ) . effects ( AEs ) were mostly drug-related local symptoms , most frequently reported at the end of the tryout period : out of 106 drug-related AEs , 90 were due to the spray , 11 and 5 to the inhaler and gum , respectively . three most frequent AEs were almost exclusively caused by the spray : burning of the tongue/throat reported by 35 , nausea by 18 , and hiccup by 16 participants . preferred the mouth spray over the gum and inhaler , but its use was coupled with a high rate of local AEs . efficacy of the mouth spray seemed comparable with the one obtained by the gum and inhaler . studies are necessary to show whether a reduction in the dose per actuation to about 0.5 mg would result in less side effects , which in turn might yield higher long-term drug compliance and possibly higher success rates than the ones achieved with other forms of nicotine replacement therapy ."
2502,Abstract #2502,"of Parkinson disease commonly includes levodopa and dopamine agonists ; however , the interaction of these 2 drugs is poorly understood . examine the effects of a dopamine agonist on the motor response to levodopa . , randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover clinical trial . academic referral center . Thirteen patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease taking levodopa and experiencing motor fluctuations and dyskinesia . individuals were randomly assigned to receive pramipexole dihydrochloride or placebo for 4 weeks followed by a 2-hour intravenous levodopa infusion on consecutive days at 2 rates and with blinded assessments . were then crossed over to the alternate oral therapy for 4 weeks followed by levodopa infusion and reassessment . in finger-tapping speed , measured using the area under the curve ( AUC ) for finger taps per minute across time ; peak finger-tapping speed ; duration of response ; time to `` ON '' ( defined as a 10 % increase in finger-tapping speed above baseline ) ; walking speed ; and dyskinesia AUC . with levodopa infusion increased finger-tapping speed beyond the change in baseline by a mean ( SE ) of 170 ( 47.2 ) per minute x minutes ( P = .006 ) and more than doubled the AUC for finger-tapping speed . increased peak finger-tapping speed by a mean ( SE ) of 18 ( 8.5 ) taps per minute ( P = .02 ) and improved mean ( SE ) walking speed ( 15.9 [ 0.70 ] vs 18.9 [ 0.70 ] seconds , P = .004 ) . prolonged duration of response after levodopa infusion and shortened time to ON . increased mean ( SE ) baseline dyskinesia scores ( 26.0 [ 5.85 ] vs 12.1 [ 5.85 ] points , P = .05 ) and peak dyskinesia scores with levodopa infusion . augmented the motor response to levodopa beyond a simple additive effect and increased the severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesia . considering a combination of these therapies , an appropriate balance should be maintained regarding gain of motor function vs worsening of dyskinesia . Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT00666653 ."
2503,Abstract #2503,"objective of this study was to examine the chemosensory effects of formaldehyde on hyposensitive and hypersensitive males at concentrations relevant to the workplace . focused on objective effects on and subjective symptoms of the mucous membranes of the eyes , the nose , the upper respiratory tract and olfactory function . male volunteers were exposed for 5 days ( 4 h per day ) in a randomised schedule to the control condition ( 0 ppm ) and to formaldehyde concentrations of 0.5 and 0.7 ppm and to 0.3 ppm with peak exposures of 0.6 ppm , and to 0.4 ppm with peak exposures of 0.8 ppm , respectively . exposures were carried out four times a day over a 15-min period of time . pain perception induced by nasal application of carbon dioxide served as indicator for sensitivity to sensory nasal irritation . following parameters were examined before and after exposure : subjective rating of symptoms and complaints ( Swedish Performance Evaluation System ) , conjunctival redness , eye-blinking frequency , self-reported tear film break-up time and nasal flow rates . addition , the influence of personality factors on the volunteer 's subjective scoring was examined ( Positive And Negative Affect Schedule ) . exposures to 0.7 ppm for 4 h and to 0.4 ppm for 4 h with peaks of 0.8 ppm for 15 min caused no significant sensory irritation of the measured conjunctival and nasal parameters . differences between hypo - and hypersensitive subjects were seen . , statistically significant differences were noted for olfactory symptoms , especially for the ` perception of impure air ' . subjective complaints were more pronounced in hypersensitive subjects . concentrations of 0.7 ppm for 4 h and of 0.4 ppm for 4 h with peaks of 0.8 ppm for 15 min did not cause adverse effects related to irritation , and no differences between hypo - and hypersensitive subjects were observed ."
2504,Abstract #2504,"evaluate tolerance and toxicity of high-dose epirubicin regimen CEF-100 as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer . March 2005 to October 2006 , 98 patients with stage I - III a breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive postoperative chemotherapy with CEF-100 regimen ( epirubicin 100 mg/m2 , dl per 21 days for 6 cycles , n = 48 ) or CEF-60 regimen ( epirubicin 60 mg/m2 , dl per 21 days for 6 cycles , n = 50 ) . routine test were done every cycle , liver and kindey function were examined and adverse effects were recorded after every cycle . difference of average leucocyte or neutrophil count ( P > 0.05 ) was observed in every cycle . effects of digestive tract and damage of liver function in CEF-100 group were more severe than that in CEF-60 group ( P < 0.05 ) , but all adverse effects could be relieved by treatment . severe non-hematological toxicity and cardiac toxicity in both groups were observed ( P < 0.05 ) . was no death caused by chemotherapy . data shows that high dose epirubicin-containing CEF regimen is safe and tolerable for postoperative chemotherapy of breast cancer patient , and the adverse effects could be relieved by marrow support and liver-protection therapy . observation and longer follow-up is still needed in order to evaluate the efficacy of this high dose regimen ."
2505,Abstract #2505,"acetate ( GA , Copaxone ) has beneficial effects on the clinical course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis ( RRMS ) . , the exact molecular mechanisms of GA effects are only partially understood . characterized GA molecular effects in RRMS patients within 3 months of treatment by microarray profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) . profiles were determined in RRMS patients before and at 3 months after initiation of GA treatment using Affimetrix ( U133A-2 ) microarrays containing 14,500 well-characterized human genes . informative genes ( MIGs ) of GA-induced biological convergent pathways operating in RRMS were constructed using gene functional annotation , enrichment analysis and pathway reconstruction bioinformatic softwares . at the mRNA and protein level was performed by qRT-PCR and FACS . induced a specific gene expression molecular signature that included altered expression of 480 genes within 3 months of treatment ; 262 genes were up-regulated , and 218 genes were down-regulated . main convergent mechanisms of GA effects were related to antigen-activated apoptosis , inflammation , adhesion , and MHC class-I antigen presentation . findings demonstrate that GA treatment induces alternations of immunomodulatory gene expression patterns that are important for suppression of disease activity already at three months of treatment and can be used as molecular markers of GA activity ."
2506,Abstract #2506,"glucosteroids and oral theophylline are widely used to treat asthma . compared the benefits of adding theophylline to inhaled glucosteroid with those of doubling the dose of inhaled glucosteroid in patients with persistent symptoms despite the use of inhaled glucosteroid . a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , we randomly assigned 62 patients to receive either 400 microg of inhaled budesonide ( low-dose budesonide ) with 250 or 375 mg of theophylline ( depending on body weight ) or 800 microg of inhaled budesonide ( high-dose budesonide ) . doses were given twice daily for three months . function was measured serially , and patients kept records of peak expiratory flow , symptoms , and albuterol use . effects of treatment on endogenous cortisol levels were also assessed . treatments resulted in improvements in lung function that were sustained throughout the study . compared with treatment with high-dose budesonide , treatment with low-dose budesonide plus theophylline resulted in greater improvements in forced vital capacity ( P = 0.03 ) and forced expiratory volume in one second ( P = 0.03 ) . were significant and similar reductions in beta2-agonist use and the variability of peak expiratory flow , a correlate of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the severity of asthma . cortisol concentrations were significantly reduced in the group given high-dose budesonide ( from a mean [ + / - SE ] of 18.4 + / -2.4 microg per deciliter to 15.9 + / -2.1 microg per deciliter , P = 0.02 ) but were unchanged in the other group . median serum theophylline concentration was 8.7 microg per milliliter ( therapeutic range , 10 to 20 ) among those who received theophylline . treatments were well tolerated . patients with moderate asthma and persistent symptoms , low-dose inhaled budesonide with theophylline and high-dose inhaled budesonide produced similar benefits . were achieved at theophylline concentrations below the recommended therapeutic range . addition of low-dose theophylline to inhaled glucosteroid may be preferable to and cheaper than increasing the dose of inhaled glucosteroid ."
2507,Abstract #2507,"late complication incidence for pelvic palliation using accelerated multiple daily fraction radiation [ Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ( RTOG ) 8502 ] . evaluation of a palliative radiation schedule for advanced pelvic malignancies was conducted from 1985 to 1989 by RTOG 8502 . dose was 44.40 Gy in 12 fractions ( 3.7 Gy BID ) with a rest after 14.80 Gy and 29.60 Gy . pilot part of the study allowed for a variable rest interval of 3-6 weeks . rest interval was then randomized between 2 and 4 weeks to determine effect on tumor control . difference in tumor control was identified ( p = 0.59 ) . pilot segment accrued 151 patients and the randomized segment accrued 144 patients . total of 290 cases were analyzable ( four ineligible or canceled ) for late effects . minimize actuarial bias , only patients surviving 90 days ( 193 ) were analyzed for late effect risk . primary site consisted of gynecologic ( 40 % ) , colorectal ( 28 % ) , genitourinary ( 25 % ) , and miscellaneous ( 7 % ) . extent of tumor consisted of pelvis only ( 62 % ) and additional tumor outside the pelvis ( 38 % ) . of the patients were elderly ( 76 % > 60 years , 47 % > 70 years ) . performance status ( KPS ) was > or = 80 in 60 % of patients and < 80 in 40 % . of the patients with < 30 Gy ( less than three courses ) developed late toxicity . total of 11/193 ( 6 % ) developed Grade 3 + late toxicity ( nine Grade 3 , one Grade 4 , one Grade 5 ) . analysis of complication rate by survival time for Grades 3 , 4 , and 5 shows a cumulative incidence for complications after 6 months that plateaus at 6.9 % by 18 months . cumulative incidence for Grades 4 and 5 is 2.0 % by 12 months . difference in late effect for the 2-week rest vs. 4-week rest was not statistically different ( p = .47 ) . factors evaluated for increased risk of late complications included prior surgeries , age , sex , KPS and primary . were found to have significant statistical correlations with late effects . crude late complications rate is 6 % . analysis using cumulative incidence shows 6.9 % by 18 months . represents a significant decrease in late complications from 49 % seen with higher dose per fraction ( 10 Gy x 3 ) piloted by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ( 7905 ) for a similar group of patients . analysis of late complication indicates this schedule can be used in the pelvis with relatively low incidence of complication . schedule has significant logistic benefits and has been shown to produce good tumor regression and excellent palliation of symptoms ."
2508,Abstract #2508,"aimed to assess the efficiency of a long hydrophilic sheath in reducing radial spasm for transradial approach . a lower access site complication rate , cardiac catheterization using transradial approach is not widely used . spasm is one of the main issues for transradial angiography and percutaneous interventions . assumed that radial artery protection using a long hydrophilic-coated sheath would reduce radial spasm compared to a bare short sheath . hundred and fifty one patients ( pts ) admitted for transradial coronary angiography percutaneous coronary interventions were randomly assigned to a long hydrophilic-coated or a short sheath ( control group ) . end point was the occurrence of a radial spasm defined by significant patient pain evaluated by scale score ( > 4 ) or significant catheter frictions during manipulation . failure , radial occlusion , and local complications were also assessed . spasm was significantly reduced when using the long-coated compared to the short sheath in 7 ( 4 % ) vs. 32 pts ( 18 % ) P < 0.001 . difference was found regarding procedure failure respectively 1.2 % vs. 0.6 % , local complication 0.6 % vs. 1.2 % , and radial occlusion 3.5 % vs. 3.5 % . artery protection using the long hydrophilic-coated sheath was efficient in the prevention of radial spasm for transradial approach . Wiley-Liss , Inc. ."
2509,Abstract #2509,"is a first-line advanced renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) standard of care . a randomized phase II trial comparing sunitinib treatment schedules , separate exploratory biomarker analyses investigated the correlations of efficacy with selected serum , germ line single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) , or tumor markers . RCC patients received first-line sunitinib 50 mg/day on the approved 4-week-on-2-week-off schedule ( n = 146 ) or 37.5 mg/day continuous dosing ( n = 146 ) . following correlation analyses were performed : ( 1 ) response evaluation criteria in solid tumors-defined tumor response with serum soluble protein levels via two distinct multiplex ( n < 1,000 ) platforms ; ( 2 ) response and time-to-event outcomes with germ line SNPs in vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) - A and VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 3 genes ; and ( 3 ) response and time-to-event outcomes with tumor immunohistochemistry status for hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha ( HIF-1 ) and carbonic anhydrase-IX or tumor Von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ) gene inactivation status . baseline angiopoietin-2 ( Ang-2 ) and higher baseline matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) levels were identified by both platforms as statistically significantly associated with tumor response . were no significant correlations between VEGF-A or VEGFR3 SNPs and outcomes . survival was longer for HIF-1 percent of tumor expression groups 0-2 ( HIF-1 low ) versus 3-4 ( HIF-1 high ; p = 0.034 ) . were no significant correlations between outcomes and each VHL inactivation mechanism [ mutation ( 86 % of VHL-inactive patients ) , methylation ( 14 % ) , and large deletion ( 7 % ) ] or mechanisms combined . Ang-2 and MMP-2 and tumor HIF-1 were identified as relevant baseline biomarkers of sunitinib activity in advanced RCC , warranting further research into their prognostic versus predictive value ."
2510,Abstract #2510,"aim of this study was to examine the effects of bisoprolol ( BIS ) , a selective beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist without partial agonistic activity , on noradrenaline - and phenylephrine-evoked venoconstriction in man using the dorsal hand vein compliance technique . healthy male volunteers participated in three weekly experimental sessions . were allocated to treatments and sessions on a double-blind basis . each session either BIS 5 mg ( BIS5 ) , or BIS 10 mg ( BIS10 ) , or placebo was administered orally , and noradrenaline acid tartrate ( 0.1-33 .33 ng min ( -1 ) followed by phenylephrine hydrochloride ( 0.033-10 microg min ( - l ) ) was infused into the dorsal hand vein . and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were also measured . noradrenaline and phenylephrine produced dose-dependent venoconstriction : the geometric mean ED50 for noradrenaline was 3.21 ng min ( -1 ) and for phenylephrine 135.04 ng min ( -1 ) ; the potency ratio ( noradrenaline/phenylephrine ) was 42 . BIS5 and BIS10 significantly decreased the venoconstriction to noradrenaline ( ANOVA ; P < 0.005 ) , and to phenylephrine ( ANOVA ; P < 0.001 ) . antagonism of the venoconstrictor responses was also reflected in a significant increase in logED50 values for both noradrenaline ( ANOVA ; P < 0.005 ) , and phenylephrine ( ANOVA ; P < 0.0025 ) in the presence of both doses of BIS . doses of BIS significantly decreased heart rate ( ANOVA ; P < 0.0001 ) , and systolic blood pressure ( ANOVA ; P < 0.0025 ) . can antagonize alpha1-adrenoceptor mediated venoconstriction in the human dorsal hand vein in vivo through a mechanism which remains to be elucidated ."
2511,Abstract #2511,"function gradually decreases with age , and myocardial infarction accelerates this deterioration . ( n-3 ) fatty acids may slow down the decline of kidney function . effect of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids on kidney function in patients after myocardial infarction was examined . the Alpha Omega Trial , 2344 patients with history of myocardial infarction ages 60-80 years old ( 81 % men ) were randomized to one of four trial margarines . patients received an additional targeted amount of 400 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid , 2 g/d - linolenic acid , eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid plus - linolenic acid , or placebo for 40 months . cystatin C and serum creatinine were assessed at baseline and after 40 months . C-based GFR was estimated with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation . consumed 19.9 g margarine/d , providing an additional 239 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid with 159 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid , 1.99 g/d - linolenic acid , or both in the active treatment groups . 40 months , compared with baseline , mean ( SD ) creatinine-cystatin C-based GFR was -6.9 ( 12.6 ) , -4.8 ( 13.4 ) , -6.2 ( 12.8 ) , and -6.0 ( 13.0 ) ml/min per 1.73 m ( 2 ) in the placebo , eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid , - linolenic acid , and eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid plus - linolenic acid groups , respectively . 40 months , in patients receiving eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid compared with placebo , the decline in creatinine-cystatin C-based GFR was 2.1 less ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.6 to 3.6 ; P < 0.01 ) ml/min per 1.73 m ( 2 ) ; other comparisons were not statistical significant . ratios ( 95 % confidence intervals ) of incident CKD ( < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m ( 2 ) ) and rapid decline of kidney function ( 3 ml/min per year ) for eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid compared with placebo were 0.83 ( 0.58 to 1.18 ) and 0.85 ( 0.67 to 1.08 ) , respectively . supplementation with 400 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid-docosahexaenoic acid provides a small beneficial effect on kidney function in patients with a history of myocardial infarction ."
2512,Abstract #2512,"research supports the hypothesis that cancer survivors who help others face treatment experience a range of psychosocial and health-related benefits as a result of peer helping . study investigates an expressive helping ( EH ) intervention designed to harness those benefits by targeting survivorship problems among cancer survivors treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant . includes two components : ( a ) emotionally expressive writing ( EW ; writing one 's deepest thoughts and feelings about the transplant experience in a series of brief , structured writing sessions ) followed by ( b ) peer helping ( PH ; helping other people prepare for transplant by sharing one 's own transplant experiences along with advice and encouragement through a written narrative ) . was compared with neutral writing ( NW ) , EW ( without PH ) , and PH ( without EW ) in a 4-arm randomized controlled trial in which survivors completed baseline measures , 4 structured writing exercises ( with instructions depending on randomization ) , and postintervention measures including validated measures of general psychological distress , physical symptoms , and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) . survivors with moderate-severe survivorship problems , EH reduced distress ( compared with NW and PH ; ps < .05 ) and improved physical symptoms ( compared with NW , PH , and EW ; ps < .002 ) and HRQOL ( compared with NW ; p = .02 ) . helping through writing benefits transplant survivors with moderate-severe survivorship problems , but only if they have first completed expressive writing ."
2513,Abstract #2513,"and betamethasone dipropionate are both widely used , effective treatments for psoriasis . D analogues and topical corticosteroids have different mechanisms of action in the treatment of psoriasis . new vehicle has been developed in order to contain both calcipotriol ( 50 micro g g-1 ) and betamethasone dipropionate ( 0.5 mg g-1 ) in an ointment form . using calcipotriol and a corticosteroid together , greater efficacy may be achieved than by using either compound alone . present study was conducted in order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the combined ointment formulation used once daily with the vehicle ointment used twice daily , calcipotriol ointment used twice daily and the combined formulation used twice daily in psoriasis vulgaris . was an international , multicentre , prospective , randomized , double-blind , vehicle-controlled , parallel group , 4-week study in patients with psoriasis vulgaris amenable to topical treatment . were randomized to one of four treatment groups : combined formulation once daily , combined formulation twice daily , calcipotriol twice daily or vehicle twice daily . and safety were assessed . was no statistically significant difference in the mean percentage change in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ( PASI ) from baseline to end of treatment between the two combined formulation groups , but the difference in PASI reduction was significantly higher in the combined formulation groups ( 68.6 % once daily , 73.8 % twice daily ) than in both the twice daily calcipotriol group ( 58.8 % ) and the vehicle group ( 26.6 % ) . data showed the frequency of adverse events to be less in the combined formulation groups than in both the calcipotriol group and the vehicle group . proportion of patients with lesional/perilesional adverse reactions was less in the combined formulation groups and vehicle group than in the calcipotriol group ( 9.9 % combined formulation once daily , 10.6 % combined formulation twice daily , 19.8 % calcipotriol , 12.5 % vehicle ) . statistically significant nor clinically relevant difference in efficacy was seen between the combined formulation used once daily and twice daily . compared to vehicle ointment or calcipotriol ointment alone , the combined formulation was shown to be clearly more efficacious ."
2514,Abstract #2514,"of an H5N1 split-virion influenza vaccine with AS03 ( A ) substantially reduces the antigen dose required to produce a putatively protective humoral response and promotes cross-clade neutralizing responses . determined the effect of adjuvantation on antibody persistence and B - and T-cell-mediated immune responses . vaccinations with a split-virion A/Vietnam/1194 / 2004 ( H5N1 , clade 1 ) vaccine containing 3.75-30 g hemagglutinin and formulated with or without adjuvant were administered to groups of 50 volunteers aged 18-60 years . of the vaccine led to better persistence of neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and higher frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells . and polyfunctional H5N1-specific CD4 T cells were detected at baseline and were amplified by vaccination . of CD4 T cells was enhanced by adjuvantation . of the H5N1 vaccine with AS03 ( A ) enhances antibody persistence and induces stronger T - and B-cell responses . cross-clade T-cell immunity indicates that the adjuvanted vaccine primes individuals to respond to either infection and/or subsequent vaccination with strains drifted from the primary vaccine strain ."
2515,Abstract #2515,"purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the favorable effect of pioglitazone on atheroma progression . mellitus is associated with accelerated coronary atheroma progression . slowed progression compared with glimepiride in this population . all , 360 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease were treated with pioglitazone or glimepiride for 18 months in the PERISCOPE ( Pioglitazone Effect on Regression of Intravascular Sonographic Coronary Obstruction Prospective Evaluation ) study . atheroma progression was evaluated by serial intravascular ultrasound . relationship between changes in biochemical parameters , percent atheroma volume , and total atheroma volume was investigated . patients demonstrated greater increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and reductions in glycated hemoglobin , triglycerides , and C-reactive protein . correlations were observed between changes in percent atheroma volume and triglycerides ( r = 0.15 , p = 0.04 ) , triglyceride/HDL-C ratio ( r = 0.16 , p = 0.03 ) , and glycated hemoglobin ( r = 0.16 , p = 0.03 ) with pioglitazone , and changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r = -0.15 , p = 0.05 ) , apolipoprotein B ( r = -0.16 , p = 0.04 ) , and apolipoprotein A-I ( r = -0.20 , p = 0.01 ) with glimepiride . atheroma regression , compared to progression , was associated with greater relative increases in HDL-C ( 14.2 % vs. 7.8 % , p = 0.04 ) , relative decreases in triglycerides ( -13.3 % vs. -1.9 % , p = 0.045 ) , triglyceride/HDL-C ratio ( -22.5 vs. -9.9 % , p = 0.05 ) , and decrease in glycated hemoglobin ( -0.6 % vs. -0.3 % , p = 0.01 ) . analysis revealed that pioglitazone-induced effects on triglyceride/HDL-C were associated with changes in percent atheroma volume ( p = 0.03 ) and total atheroma volume ( p = 0.02 ) . effects of pioglitazone on the triglyceride/HDL-C ratio correlated with delayed atheroma progression in diabetic patients . finding highlights the potential importance of targeting atherogenic dyslipidemia in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease ."
2516,Abstract #2516,"are a number of views on the indication for endoscopic papillary balloon dilation ( EPBD ) in the management of bile duct stones . this study , we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of EPBD compared with endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST ) . randomized trial . university hospital and one general hospital . hundred and forty patients were randomly allocated to EPBD or EST. . and complications were observed for a median period of 30 months . treatment approaches finally achieved similar success rates and needed similar numbers of treatment sessions for patients with stones less than 10 mm in diameter . , for patients with stones of 10 mm or more , EPBD required a significantly greater mean number of treatment sessions than EST ( 2.4 vs 1.6 , P < 0.01 ) . complications occurred in seven EPBD ( four pancreatitis , two cholangitis and one basket impaction ) and eight EST ( three pancreatitis , two bleeding and three cholangitis ) patients . complications occurred in four EPBD ( three recurrent bile duct stones and one cholecystitis ) and six EST ( three recurrent stones and three cholecystitis ) patients . has little risk of bleeding . technique removed small bile duct stones just as easily as did EST. . two procedures had approximately the same risk of pancreatitis and incidence of recurrent bile duct stones . , both procedures appear to be appropriate treatments for small bile duct stones . or not EPBD becomes an established treatment will depend on further long-term studies ."
2517,Abstract #2517,"objective was to compare the physiochemical properties and erosion potentials between beverages available in the UK and the US . physiochemical properties ( pH , titratable acidity and fluoride concentration ) and erosion potential on enamel surfaces of beverages available in the UK were compared to similar beverages from the US . windows were exposed to beverages for 25h . were sectioned through the windows , and lesion depths were defined as the average distance between the original tooth structure and the base of demineralization . pH was lower in UK apple juice , orange juice , Diet Pepsi and Sprite Zero ( p < 0.05 ) , and higher in UK orange soda and diet orange soda than in similar US beverages ( p < 0.05 ) . acidities were higher in UK apple juice , orange juice , orange soda , diet orange soda and Sprite ( p < 0.01 ) , and lower in UK Sunny D than in the US counterpart ( p < 0.001 ) . concentrations were lower in UK apple juice , orange juice , Coke , and Diet Coke , Sprite and Sprite Zero ( p < 0.001 ) , and higher in UK orange soda , diet orange soda , Pepsi and Diet Pepsi than in their US counterparts ( p < 0.001 ) . depths were higher in UK apple juice , orange juice , Diet Coke , Sprite and Sprite Zero than in their US counterparts ( p < 0.05 ) . depths were associated with pH ( p = 0.010 ) and country of origin ( p = 0.002 ) . similar laboratory conditions , the physiochemical properties and erosion potentials on enamel surfaces differed between some , but not all , beverages available in the UK and the US ."
2518,Abstract #2518,"( ZENPEP [ pancrelipase ] Delayed-Release Capsules ) delayed-release capsules is a novel , enteric-coated , porcine-derived pancreatic enzyme product . study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 2 doses of ZENPEP in patients with chronic pancreatitis ( CP ) and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency ( EPI ) . effect of ZENPEP on the coefficient of fat absorption ( CFA ) was investigated in a randomized , double-blind , dose-response , crossover study with placebo run-in ( 7-9 days ) and 2 treatment periods ( 9-11 days ) composed of a high dose ( 7 20,000 lipase units per day ) and a low dose ( 7 5000 lipase units per day ) . CFA was significantly higher with low - ( 88.9 % ) and high-dose ( 89.9 % ) ZENPEP versus placebo run-in ( 82 % ; P < 0.001 ; n = 72 ) with no difference between doses ( P = 0.228 , primary end point ) . patients with baseline CFA less than 90 % ( n = 33 ) , the high dose was significantly more effective ( CFA : 84.1 % ) than the low dose ( CFA : 81.1 % ; P < 0.001 ) . hoc analysis revealed an increase in treatment effect with more severe EPI . of nitrogen absorption ( P < 0.001 ) , body weight ( P 0.021 ) , and body mass index ( P 0.020 ) also increased significantly with both doses compared with baseline . of days with EPI symptoms decreased with both doses . findings suggest that CP patients with EPI benefit from a low dose of ZENPEP , whereas the high dose might be needed for patients with more severe EPI ."
2519,Abstract #2519,"( DEX ) may provide a sedation level that enables sleep and communication , with less amnesia and pain medication requirements , during mechanical ventilation . study directly assessed patient-perceived satisfaction with coronary artery bypass graft surgery after administration of DEX or propofol for intensive care unit ( ICU ) sedation . , randomized clinical study with subsequent questionnaire administration . care surgical ICU . total of 89 adult , nonemergent , coronary artery bypass graft patients with an expected length of intubation of < 24 hrs . were randomized to either DEX or propofol ; drug administration was performed via standardized anesthesia and nursing protocols . reported perceptions of their ICU experience after mechanical ventilation with a modified numerical-scale Hewitt questionnaire , validated specifically for ICU patients . were questioned regarding awareness , recall , generalized comfort , level of pain , ability to interact with healthcare providers and family , feelings of agitation and anxiety , perceived ease of extubation , ability to sleep or rest , and satisfaction with ICU experience . were well matched at baseline , with a mean + / - sd age of 63.0 + / - 10.4 yrs and weight of 88.7 + / - 16.7 kg . difference was observed for length of surgery , length of intubation , or ICU stay ( p > .05 ) . patients perceived a shorter length of intubation ( p = .044 ) . deeper sedation level was found in the propofol group ( p = .021 ) , with similar morphine and midazolam requirements ( p = .317 ) . level of overall awareness as a marker of amnesia did not differ between groups ( p = .653 ) . ability to rest or sleep trended toward significance favoring propofol ( p = .051 ) . evaluation of questionnaire ratings , DEX patients expressed more discomfort ( p = .046 ) , pain ( p = .096 ) , and sleeping difficulty ( p = .036 ) . comfort levels were reported during extubation ( p = .179 ) . theoretical advantages of DEX to improve overall patient satisfaction , the two agents provide similar responses to amnesia and pain control . to our findings , DEX does not seem to have any advantage compared with propofol for short-term sedation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery ."
2520,Abstract #2520,"abdominal adiposity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases . tomography can be used to examine the visceral ( VAT ) and subcutaneous ( SAT ) components of abdominal adiposity , but it is unresolved whether single-slice or multi-slice protocols are needed . computed tomography scans were obtained in the lumbar spine region of 24 adults . nine slices were obtained at three intervertebral positions ( L2-L3 , L3-L4 , and L4-L5 ) and at 7 mm above and below these locations . and inter-site differences in SAT , VAT , total adipose tissue , and the VAT/SAT ratio were examined using ANOVA and confidence intervals for pairwise differences between means . SAT values increased from 103.1 + / - 50.9 ( standard deviation ) cm ( 2 ) at L2-L3 to 153.3 + / - 68.8 cm ( 2 ) at L4-L5 , whereas the corresponding VAT values decreased from 164.3 + / - 125.4 to 126.0 + / - 82.7 cm ( 2 ) . VAT/SAT ratio was not constant , decreasing from 1.8 + / - 1.4 to 0.9 + / - 0.7 . ANOVA indicated significant inter - and intra-site differences ( p < / = 0.02 ) for SAT , VAT , and the VAT/SAT ratio at L3-L4 and L4-L5 ( p < 0.001 ) . differences show the limitation of using a single-slice assessment of abdominal fat distribution , both for a subject and between subjects . , the sizeable differences in the intra-site scans indicate that precise repositioning is needed for longitudinal studies . summary , our findings suggest that a multi-site imaging protocol may provide a more complete assessment of abdominal fat stores and distribution than use of a single site ."
2521,Abstract #2521,"explore whether nurses can undertake the pre operative assessment of children prior to day case surgery as safely as senior house officers . randomised controlled trial involving 595 children , using an equivalence methodology ( a method which looks for similarity rather than a significant difference ) . assessment prior to day case surgery was randomised to either a nurse ( experimental group ) or a junior doctor ( control group ) . expert verification of nurse/junior doctor performance was ascertained by an experienced anaesthetist ( the ` gold standard ' ) . was equivalence between nurses and senior house officers in their ability to detect clinically significant abnormalities within the sample population . analysis also demonstrated equivalence in respect of history taking abilities . smaller number of clinically significant physical findings within the sample meant that equivalence in respect of physical examination remains uncertain . the study was limited to a single setting , the results demonstrate nurses ' equivalence with junior doctors in a discrete paediatric context ."
2522,Abstract #2522,"study aimed to compare the effectiveness of computerised cognitive behaviour therapy ( CCBT ) with a wait list control ( WLC ) for the treatment of patients with an anxiety disorder ( social phobia , panic disorder , generalised anxiety disorder ) referred to a specialist , publically funded , outpatient anxiety service . with social phobia ( n = 37 ) , panic disorder ( n = 32 ) or generalised anxiety disorder ( n = 14 ) were randomised to treatment with either CCBT ( n = 40 ) or WLC ( n = 43 ) . rating scale assessments were conducted at baseline , 12 and 24 weeks . with WLC , the CCBT group improved significantly on approximately half of the self-report primary ( the Work and Social Adjustment Scale ) and approximately half of the secondary measures at both 12 and 24 weeks ( the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale , the Penn State Worry Questionnaire , the Generalised Anxiety inventory and the Fear Questionnaire ) . sizes in this study were moderate . is one of the few studies to investigate CCBT for anxiety disorders in patients in a secondary care service . results show that CCBT in this secondary care setting has the potential to be beneficial and confirms and extends the findings from previous studies of self-referral or primary care settings ."
2523,Abstract #2523,"arrests are handled by teams rather than by individual health-care workers . investigations demonstrate that adherence to CPR guidelines can be less than optimal , that deviations from treatment algorithms are associated with lower survival rates , and that deficits in performance are associated with shortcomings in the process of team-building . aim of this study was to explore and quantify the effects of ad-hoc team-building on the adherence to the algorithms of CPR among two types of physicians that play an important role as first responders during CPR : general practitioners and hospital physicians . unmask team-building this prospective randomised study compared the performance of preformed teams , i.e. teams that had undergone their process of team-building prior to the onset of a cardiac arrest , with that of teams that had to form ad-hoc during the cardiac arrest . teams consisting of three general practitioners each and 50 teams consisting of three hospital physicians each , were randomised to two different versions of a simulated witnessed cardiac arrest : the arrest occurred either in the presence of only one physician while the remaining two physicians were summoned to help ( `` ad-hoc '' ) , or it occurred in the presence of all three physicians ( `` preformed '' ) . scenarios were videotaped and performance was analysed post-hoc by two independent observers . to preformed teams , ad-hoc forming teams had less hands-on time during the first 180 seconds of the arrest ( 93 + / - 37 vs. 124 + / - 33 sec , P < 0.0001 ) , delayed their first defibrillation ( 67 + / - 42 vs. 107 + / - 46 sec , P < 0.0001 ) , and made less leadership statements ( 15 + / - 5 vs. 21 + / - 6 , P < 0.0001 ) . time and time to defibrillation , two performance markers of CPR with a proven relevance for medical outcome , are negatively affected by shortcomings in the process of ad-hoc team-building and particularly deficits in leadership . has thus to be regarded as an additional task imposed on teams forming ad-hoc during CPR . physicians should be aware that early structuring of the own team is a prerequisite for timely and effective execution of CPR ."
2524,Abstract #2524,"evaluate the most effective way of cleansing the colon lumen for double contrast colon enema with a single preparation at osmotic effect . examined 80 patients ( age range : 29-84 years ) and divided them into two groups . 1 : patients ( no. 41 ) were prepared with the traditional method consisting of a residue-free diet in the three days before the examination followed by the administration of a sennoside-based laxative the morning of the day before and a dose of magnesium sulphate in the afternoon , after the Genoa School method . 2 : patients ( no. 39 ) were prepared with a Phospholax solution according to the following administration schedule : one dose in the evening two days before the examination and four doses the day before , that is two in the afternoon and two in the evening , followed by abundant hydratation . examination was performed in a double blind fashion and graded as follows : excellent , good , sufficient , poor . statistical analysis of all data was performed with Student 's t-test and the chi-square test . obtained better results with the new protocol than with the traditional one , where some patients discontinued the preparation because of intolerance ( nausea , abdominal pain and swelling ) . addition , more fecal residues were found in the colon with the first preparation , which however provided better contrast agent coating than the new protocol . second preparation provided better mucosal cleansing , with more cases graded as excellent-good , and there were no cases of poor coating or electrolyte disturbances . preparation with Phospholax was better than the conventional method relative to compliance , intestinal cleansing and side-effects ( in both the latter two cases , the difference is statistically significant , p < 0.01 ) . conclusion the new protocol is a possible alternative to the traditional method thanks to its ease of preparation and effective results ."
2525,Abstract #2525,"assess the effect of a tailored professional intervention , including academic detailing , on antibiotic prescribing for acute cough . a cluster-randomized controlled before and after study 85 Flemish GPs included adult patients with acute cough consulting in the periods February-April 2000 and 2001 . intervention consisted of a clinical practice guideline for acute cough , an educational outreach visit and a postal reminder to support its implementation in January 2001 . prescribing rates and patients ' symptom resolution were the main outcome measures . of 42 GPs received the intervention and 35 of 43 GPs served as controls ; 1503 patients were eligible for analysis . in the intervention group were patients less likely to receive antibiotics after the intervention [ OR ( adj ) ( 95 % CI ) = 0.56 ( 0.36-0 .87 ) ] . antibiotics were also more in line with the guideline in the intervention group [ 1.90 ( 0.96-3 .75 ) ] and less expensive from the perspective of the National Sickness and Invalidity Insurance Institute [ MD ( adj ) ( 95 % CI ) = Euro -6.89 [ -11.77 - ( -2.02 ) ] ] . significant differences were found between the groups for the time to symptom resolution . ( inter ) actively delivered tailored intervention implementing a guideline for acute cough is successful in optimizing antibiotic prescribing without affecting patients ' symptom resolution . research efforts should be devoted to cost-effectiveness studies of such interventions ."
2526,Abstract #2526,"paper concerns definition of the level of posttraumatic growth ( PTG ) , the psychological adaptation mechanism occurring after extreme experiences in life , such as being informed of having HIV infection . study is experimental , aiming to assess whether correlations between exposure to thoughts of stressful experiences and their psychological consequences are mediated by an efficient mechanism of buffering anxiety men and 26 women infected with HIV who underwent manipulated exposure to mortality according to the hypotheses of the terror management theory ( TMT ) were included . were randomly assigned to the control group ( dental anxiety ) or the experimental group ( fear of dying ) . results confirmed the assumptions of the terror management theory . subjects had an efficient mechanism of alleviating the fear of dying , the so-called `` anxiety buffer . '' analysis revealed a high level of posttraumatic growth and advantages derived from the disease . paper additionally characterizes the specific group of HIV-positive people , their functioning in society and the family . touches on such issues as professional work , relations with relatives and friends , social life , and adherence . study has shown that the specific group of people infected with HIV managed very well to adapt to the circumstances . may say that as a consequence of acquiring the infection , the subjects have experienced significant changes of personality , which have ultimately led to an improvement of their lives and offered new possibilities for personal and social development to them . the recorded changes fit into the TMT paradigm ."
2527,Abstract #2527,"disturbance is becoming increasingly recognised as a clinically important symptom in people with chronic low back pain ( CLBP , low back pain > 12 weeks ) , associated with physical inactivity and depression . research and international clinical guidelines recommend people with CLBP assume a physically active role in their recovery to prevent chronicity , but the high prevalence of sleep disturbance in this population may be unknowingly limiting their ability to participate in exercise-based rehabilitation programmes and contributing to poor outcomes . is currently no knowledge concerning the effectiveness of physiotherapy on sleep disturbance in people with chronic low back pain and no evidence of the feasibility of conducting randomized controlled trials that comprehensively evaluate sleep as an outcome measure in this population . study will evaluate the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial ( RCT ) , exploring the effects of three forms of physiotherapy ( supervised general exercise programme , individualized walking programme and usual physiotherapy , which will serve as the control group ) on sleep quality in people with chronic low back pain . presenting sample of 60 consenting patients will be recruited in the physiotherapy department of Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland , and randomly allocated to one of the three groups in a concealed manner . main outcomes will be sleep quality ( self-report and objective measurement ) , and self-reported functional disability , pain , quality of life , fear avoidance , anxiety and depression , physical activity , and patient satisfaction . will be evaluated at baseline , 3 months and 6 months . telephone interviews will be embedded in the research design to obtain feedback from a sample of participants ' about their experiences of sleep monitoring , trial participation and interventions , and to inform the design of a fully powered future RCT . analysis will explore trends in the data , effect sizes and clinically important effects ( quantitative data ) , and thematic analysis ( qualitative data ) . study will evaluate the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial exploring the effects of three forms of physiotherapy ( supervised general exercise programme , individualized walking programme and usual physiotherapy , which will serve as the control group ) on sleep quality in people with chronic low back pain . controlled trial ISRCTN54009836 ."
2528,Abstract #2528,"investigate whether acupuncture is effective for the induction of labour in post-term pregnancies . double-blind multicentre randomised controlled study . University Hospital and Herning Regional Hospital , Denmark . hundred and twenty-five healthy women with uneventful pregnancies at gestational week 41 ( +6 ) were randomised into two groups . intervention group was given acupuncture twice on the same day at acupuncture point GV20 and bilaterally at points BL67 , LI4 and SP6 . control group received sham acupuncture at the same points . effect evaluation , which was carried out 24 hours after randomisation , the primary endpoint was labour or delivery . primary endpoint was achieved in seven women ( 12 % ) in the acupuncture group and eight women ( 14 % ) in the control group ( P = 0.79 ) . for parity and fetal gender did not alter the results . the treatment regimen investigated in this study , acupuncture for the induction of labour in post-term women at gestational age 41 ( +6 ) weeks may not be effective ."
2529,Abstract #2529,"evaluate the effect of branch chain amino acid ( BCAA ) enriched formula on nutritional status and postoperative fatigue for digestive surgery patients . patients who underwent digestive surgery were randomly received parenteral nutrition with either BCAA enriched ( study group , n = 20 ) or routine amino acid ( control group , n = 20 ) for seven consecutive days . balance , serum total protein , albumin , prealbumin , transferrin , retinol binding protein and postoperative fatigue score were monitored during the postoperative period . cumulative postoperative fatigue scores were lower in BCAA group than that in the control group at the 4th , 5th and 7th day after operation ( P < 0.05 ) . achieved positive nitrogen balance 2 days earlier in the study group than that in the control group , but there was no significant difference in cumulative nitrogen balance between the two groups . was no significant difference in elevation of serum total protein , albumin , prealbumin , transferrin at the 7th day after operation between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) , compared with those at the first day after operation . serum level of retinol binding protein was higher in BCAA-enriched group than that in the control group ( P = 0.004 ) . with BCAA enriched formula can reduce postoperative fatigue score and improve the nutritional status for digestive surgery patients ."
2530,Abstract #2530,"test the hypothesis that resistance training may increase spontaneous physical activity in children . junior ice hockey teams were randomly assigned to unchanged training schedules ( team ZSC , 21 boys ; mean age , 13.2 years ) or to participate twice weekly in guided resistance training for 4 months ( team GCK , 25 boys ; mean age , 13.4 years ) . physical activity energy expenditure ( SpAEE ; 3-axial accelerometry for 7 days ) , muscle strength , and body composition ( dual energy x-ray absorptiometry ) were measured at 0 , 4 , and 12 months . measures did not differ in the groups , except for higher leg and trunk strength in team ZSC . the intervention group compared with the control group , SpAEE significantly ( P < or = .02 ) increased at 4 months ( +25.5 % versus 0 % ) and 12 months ( +13.5 % versus -9.5 % ) . and arm strength increased because of training intervention ; all other variables were unchanged . of these variables correlated with changes in SpAEE . boys who play ice hockey , spontaneous physical activity is inducible with resistance training ; this effect seems to be independent of changes in body composition and strength . this was confirmed in unselected children , resistance training might be a new strategy for childhood obesity prevention programs ."
2531,Abstract #2531,"B e antigen ( HBeAg ) seroconversion and/or hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) clearance are considered as good prognostic indicators of treatment outcome in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ) patients . a sustained virological response ( SVR ) can be achieved by a finite 48-week course of pegylated-interferon alfa-2a ( Peg-IFNalpha-2a ) , it has been suggested that longer-term treatment can improve the rate of SVR . , the aim of this study was to compare the effects of prolonged and routine Peg-IFNa-2a therapy in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB . consecutive patients diagnosed with HBeAg-positive CHB at our hospital between September 2006 and October 2009 were enrolled in the study . patients were randomly assigned to receive Peg-IFNa-2a ( 180 mug once weekly ) for either 48 weeks ( routine therapy group , n = 53 ) or 72 weeks ( prolonged therapy group , n = 33 ) . samples were collected from each patient every three months until the end of the 24-week follow-up , and standard viral and biochemical tests were carried out . was defined as HBV DNA concentrations more than 105 copies/mL or an HBeAg-positive test at the end of the 24-week follow-up . test and the t-test were used to determine the significance of intergroup differences . regression analysis was employed to determine the correlation of outcome parameters to treatment duration , expressed as odds ratio ( OR ) with 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) . two treatment groups were similar at baseline ( pre-treatment ) in demographic data , sex ratio , age , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) level , HBV DNA load , and semi-quantitative level of HBeAg ( s/co ) ( all , P more than 0.05 ) . the end of the 24-week follow-up , there were significant differences between the 48-week treatment group and the 72-week treatment group in patients with HBV DNA negativity ( 62.3 % vs. 97.0 % , x2 = 13.273 , P = 0.000 ) , HBeAg seroconversion ( 39.6 % vs. 57.6 % , x2 = 6.765 , P = 0.009 ) , HBsAg clearance ( 15.1 % vs. 36.4 % , x2 = 5.155 , P = 0.023 ) , and relapse ( 58.5 % vs. 33.3 % , x2 = 6.713 , P = 0.010 ) . regression analysis indicated that therapy duration was correlated to HBeAg clearance ( OR = 3.702 , 95 % CI : 1.225 to 11.188 ) and male sex ( OR = 3.005 , 95 % CI : 1.038 to 8.696 ) but not to HBeAg level at baseline ( OR = 0.999 , 95 % CI : 0.998 to 1.000 ) or age ( OR = 0.902 , 95 % CI : 0.839 to 0.970 ) . this single-center cohort study , superior therapeutic benefit was achieved by extending the Peg-IFNa-2a therapy out to 72 weeks for patients with HBeAg-positive CHB . prolonged duration therapy produced a higher HBsAg loss ratio , HBeAg seroconversion ratio , HBV DNA negativity ratio , and a lower relapse ratio . , HBeAg clearance was positively correlated with duration and male sex ."
2532,Abstract #2532,"undertook a prospective , randomized , controlled clinical trial to evaluate morbidity outcomes and safety of a modified anesthetic technique to provide shorter sedation and early extubation ( 1 to 6 hours ) than those of the conventional anesthetic protocol used for prolonged sedation and extubation ( 12 to 22 hours ) in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting . hundred twenty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were prospectively assigned randomly to either an early extubation group ( n = 60 ; 15 micrograms.kg-1 fentanyl and 2 to 6 mg.kg-1 . propofol and isoflurane ) or to a conventional extubation group ( n = 60 ; 50 micrograms.kg-1 fentanyl and 0.1 mg.kg-1 midazolam and isoflurane ) . morbidity ( postoperative myocardial ischemia , postoperative myocardial infarction , and perioperative sympathoadrenal stress response ) , respiratory morbidity ( postextubation apnea , alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient , pulmonary shunting , oxygen consumption , atelectasis , and reintubation ) , hemodynamic values and vasoactive medication requirements , intraoperative awareness , postoperative cognitive function , 30 day mortality , and intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay were compared between the two groups . of the 60 patients in each group ( 85 % ) were extubated within the defined time period . extubation time and intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay were significantly shorter in the early group . 48 hours after operation , there were no significant differences between the two groups in myocardial ischemia incidences , ischemia burdens , or creatine kinase isoenzyme MB levels . patients in the conventional group , but not in the early group , had postoperative myocardial infaction . extubation anesthetics used were effective in suppressing the perioperative plasma catecholamine stress response in both groups . apnea characteristics were similar between the groups . shunt fraction improved significantly in the early group at 4 hours after extubation . incidences and degree of atelectasis did not differ significantly between the two groups . incidences of treated postoperative complications were comparable between the two groups , but three patients in the conventional group died as a result of stroke or postoperative myocardial infarction . extubation after coronary artery bypass grafting is safe and does not increase perioperative morbidity . is an improvement in postextubation intrapulmonary shunt fraction and a reduction in intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay ."
2533,Abstract #2533,"the Trilge trial , following induction with a zidovudine , lamivudine , and indinavir regimen , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) replication was less suppressed by 2-drug maintenance therapy than by triple-drug therapy . identify mechanisms of virologic failure in the 3 arms of the Trilge trial . study conducted from February to October 1998 . urban hospitals in Paris , France . case patients with virologic failure ( HIV RNA rebound to > 500 copies/mL in 2 consecutive samples ) randomized to 3 therapy groups : triple drug ( zidovudine , lamivudine , and indinavir ) , 8 ; zidovudine-lamivudine , 29 ; and zidovudine-indinavir , 21 ; the case patients were randomly matched with 58 control patients with sustained viral suppression . virologic failure ( S1 sample ) and 6 weeks later ( S2 sample ) , assessment of protease and reverse transcriptase gene mutations , plasma indinavir level , and degree of viral load rebound ; pill count during induction and maintenance periods . 1 primary resistance mutation , M184V , was detected in S1 plasma samples from 4 of 6 patients in the triple-drug and in all 22 in the zidovudine-lamivudine therapy groups and in S2 plasma samples from 3 of 6 in the triple-drug and 20 of 21 in the zidovudine-lamivudine groups . controls , M184V was detected in 11 of 13 S1 plasma samples and in 10 of 11 S2 plasma samples . levels were undetectable in all S1 samples but 2 in 7 triple-drug cases tested and in the expected range in 11 of 18 S1 and 5 of 12 S2 zidovudine-indinavir case plasma samples tested . adherence rates were lower for cases vs controls for zidovudine ( P = .05 ) and indinavir ( P = .05 ) . indinavir levels , lower adherence rates for zidovudine ( P = .04 ) and lamivudine ( P = .03 ) , and rebound to near-baseline values suggested adherence as cause of early failure for 4 of 8 triple-drug cases . the zidovudine-lamivudine arm , for which case and control adherence rates did not differ significantly ( P = .96 ) , most failures occurred late with low rebound , suggesting suboptimal drug potency . the zidovudine-indinavir arm , virologic failures may be related to both mechanisms . the maintenance phase early and late virologic failures appeared to be related more to problems of adherence and antiretroviral treatment potency , respectively , than to selection of resistant mutant viruses ."
2534,Abstract #2534,"objective was to determine the impact of Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) - based care on length of stay of very low birth weight ( VLBW ) infants . outcome measures were days of ventilation , incidence of chronic lung disease , and 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes . cluster-randomized , controlled trial took place in a large NICU in Canada , with follow-up evaluation at 18 months of age , from September 1999 to September 2004 . hundred VLBW singleton infants and 10 VLBW twin sets were assigned randomly to NIDCAP-based or control care , and 90 % participated in follow-up assessments . intervention was NIDCAP-based care ( N = 56 ) , that is , care by NIDCAP-educated staff members and behavioral observations . control group ( N = 55 ) received standard NICU care . analyses were adjusted for cluster randomization . the intervention was not blinded , the pediatricians making the decisions to discharge the infants were not involved in the study , and the follow-up staff members were blinded with respect to group . group infants had reduced length of stay ( median : NIDCAP : 74 days ; control : 84 days ; P = .003 ) and incidence of chronic lung disease ( NIDCAP : 29 % ; control : 49 % ; odds ratio : 0.42 [ 95 % confidence interval : 0.18-0 .95 ] ; P = .035 ) . 18 months of adjusted age , NIDCAP group infants had less disability , specifically mental delay ( NIDCAP : 10 % ; control : 30 % ; odds ratio : 0.25 [ 95 % confidence interval : 0.08-0 .82 ] ; P = .017 ) . care for VLBW infants improved short - and long-term outcomes significantly ."
2535,Abstract #2535,"is known regarding the effects of antiparkinsonian drugs in US racial or ethnic minorities . To evaluate the safety , tolerability , and efficacy of adjunctive pramipexole in Parkinson disease ( PD ) patients of African , Asian , or Hispanic heritage stably treated with levodopa . , parallel-group , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial . Seventeen Parkinson Study Group sites in the United States and Puerto Rico . hundred forty-four PD patients of African , Asian , or Hispanic heritage enrolled from January 1997 to August 1998 and observed until October 1998 . received pramipexole or placebo ( 3:1 ratio ) , 0.375 mg/d to a maximum tolerated dose ( < or = 4.5 mg/d ) over a 6-week period , achieving optimum levels ( 0.375 , 1.5 , 3.0 , or 4.5 mg/d ) in the 4-week maintenance period . in the sum of the Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale parts 2 ( activities of daily living ) and 3 ( motor ) from baseline to week 10 . improved ( mean [ SD ] reduction in Unified Parkinson 's Disease Rating Scale activities of daily living + motor score at 10 weeks , 10.27 [ 11.96 ] pramipexole vs 6.54 [ 13.58 ] placebo , P = 0.012 ) and was similar in each group . events occurred in 85.3 % on pramipexole and 68.6 % on placebo . and insomnia were more common on pramipexole than placebo ( 18 vs 0 , P = 0.023 , and 15 vs 0 , P = 0.045 , respectively ) . is an effective adjunctive antiparkinsonian therapy in PD patients of African , Asian , and Hispanic heritage . and safety overall were similar among the groups , but differences in profiles of adverse effects and tolerability were suggested ."
2536,Abstract #2536,"measure quality of sexually transmitted disease ( STD ) syndromic case management and aspects of health-seeking behaviour at baseline in an intervention trial . rural primary care clinics , Hlabisa district , South Africa . patients ( fieldworkers trained to present with STD syndromes ) made a total of 44 clinic visits ; 49 STD patients were interviewed when exiting clinics ; facilities were assessed for availability of necessary equipment and drugs ; 10 focus group discussions were held with staff ; and STD syndrome surveillance was performed in all 10 clinics . total of 9 % of simulated patients were correctly managed ( given correct drugs , plus condoms and partner notification cards ) , recommended drug treatment was given in only 41 % of visits , and appropriate counselling was given in 48 % of visits . patients leaving the clinic , although 39 % waited over an hour to be seen and only 37 % were consulted in private , all reported staff attitudes as satisfactory or good . six clinics had syndromic management protocols available , three reported intermittent drug shortages , and seven lacked partner notification cards . group discussions revealed good staff knowledge about STD , but showed lack of training in syndromic management and low morale . data showed that while 75 % of those presenting for care did so within 1 week of symptom onset , 27 % had been treated for an STD in the preceding 3 months , and only 6 % of those treated were contacts . of STD case management was poor despite good staff knowledge and availability of most essential resources . intervention comprising staff training and STD syndrome packets has been designed to improve quality of case management ."
2537,Abstract #2537,"major obstacle to 100 % effective eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is represented by antimicrobial-resistant H. pylori strains . randomized study was designed to evaluate whether regimens based on pretreatment susceptibility testing were more effective and cost saving compared with standard nonsusceptibility testing-based therapy in the eradication of H. pylori infection . studied 150 consecutive H. pylori-infected dyspeptic subjects . were randomly assigned to omeprazole 20 mg twice daily , clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily , and metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 7 days or to omeprazole 20 mg twice daily and 2 antimicrobials chosen based on susceptibility testing . pylori status was reevaluated 12 weeks after the end of treatment by the ( 13 ) C-urea breath test . testing-based regimens led to the following results . 1 ) Eradication rates were 97.3 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 91.2 % -99.5 % ) ( 71 of 73 ) and 94.6 % ( 95 % CI , 87.6 % -98.3 % ) ( 71 of 75 ) in the per-protocol and intention-to-treat analysis , respectively . were significantly higher ( P < 0.005 ) than eradication rates obtained without susceptibility testing , that is , 79.4 % ( 95 % CI , 69.1 % -87.6 % ) ( 58 of 73 ) and 77.3 % ( 95 % CI , 66.9 % -85.7 % ) ( 58 of 75 ) in the per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses , respectively . 2 ) There were savings of approximately $ 5 U.S. per patient compared with standard triple therapy . antimicrobial susceptibility testing is more effective and cost saving and , in health systems that confirm cost advantage , microbial susceptibility testing should be routinely used for eradication of H. pylori infection ."
2538,Abstract #2538,"patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) receive , as initial insulin treatment , the addition of a basal formulation to an existing regimen of oral antidiabetic drug ( OAD ) therapy . this way , the insulin analogue detemir has been associated with improved glycemic control of a magnitude similar to neutral protamine Hagedorn ( NPH ) , with lower rates of hypoglycemia and weight gain . studies investigated detemir administered BID , but pharmacologic data suggest that detemir might be effective with QD administration . aims of this study were to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of detemir versus NPH administered QD together with > or = 1 OAD in poorly controlled type 2 DM , and to compare different administration times of detemir . 20-week , multicenter , randomized , open-label , 3-arm , parallel-group trial was conducted at 91 centers across Europe and the United States . and women were eligible for participation if they were aged > or = 18 years , had a body mass index ( BMI ) < or = 40 kg/m ( 2 ) , had a diagnosis of type 2 DM of at least 12 months ' duration , and were insulin naive . patients also had a glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA ( 1c ) ) concentration value not outside the range of 7.5 % to 11.0 % following at least 3 months ' treatment with > or = 10 AD . were randomly assigned to receive an evening SC injection of detemir , a prebreakfast injection of detemir , or an evening injection of NPH insulin ( 1:1:1 ) , administered at initial doses of 10 IU ( U ) . total of 504 patients were enrolled 5 men , 219 women ; mean [ SD ] age , 59 [ 11 ] years ; mean [ SD ] BMI , 30 [ 5 ] kg/m2 ; insulin detemir before breakfast , 168 ; insulin detemir evening , 170 ; NPH insulin evening , 166 ) . intent-to-treat population comprised 498 patients . and evening detemir were associated with reductions in HbA ( 1c ) similar to those with evening NPH ( raw mean decreases , -1.58 % , -1.48 % , and -1.74 % , respectively ) . profile and fasting and predinner plasma glucose data found morning detemir to be associated with a different diurnal glycemic profile compared with the evening regimens . with evening NPH , 24-hour and nocturnal hypoglycemia were reduced by 53 % ( P = 0.019 ) and 65 % ( P = 0.031 ) , respectively , with evening detemir . of hypoglycemia did not differ significantly between groups that received morning and evening detemir , but nocturnal hypoglycemia was reduced further , by 87 % , with morning detemir compared with evening NPH ( P < 0.001 ) . gain was 1.2 , 0.7 , and 1.6 kg with morning detemir , evening detemir , and NPH , respectively ( P = 0.005 for evening detemir vs NPH ) . between-treatment differences were seen in other tolerability end points . results of this study in patients whose type 2 DM was poorly controlled with > or = 1 OAD suggest that insulin detemir QD in the morning or evening can be used to improve glycemic control . with NPH , insulin detemir may offer some tolerability advantages in this role ."
2539,Abstract #2539,"are several nicotine replacement products on the market , and physicians are likely to be asked with increasing frequency about which of these products their patients should use . provide a basis for rational advice by comparing nicotine polacrilex ( gum ) , a transdermal patch , nasal spray , and an inhaler . trial with assessments at the quit date and 1 , 4 , and 12 weeks later . smokers ' clinic . and female community volunteers ( N = 504 ) smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day and seeking help to stop smoking . were given brief advice , and purchased their nicotine replacement treatment at approximately half the regular retail price . replacement treatment use , ratings of withdrawal symptoms , ratings of product characteristics and helpfulness , and biochemically validated continuous lapse-free abstinence . products did not differ in their effects on withdrawal discomfort , urges to smoke , or rates of abstinence . continuous validated 12-week abstinence rates were 20 % , 21 % , 24 % , and 24 % in the gum , patch , spray , and inhaler groups , respectively . with recommended nicotine replacement treatment use was high for the patch , low for gum , and very low for the spray and the inhaler . spray was underused because of adverse effects more often than the other products . the subjects using the spray , the level of use among abstainers at week 1 predicted outcome at week 12 . inhaler was rated as more embarrassing to use than the other products , but provided at least as much nicotine as the gum . asked about nicotine replacement treatment products available , physicians should note that , despite low compliance with the recommended dose of the spray and inhaler and differences in product ratings , overall , there are no notable differences between the products in their effects on withdrawal discomfort , perceived helpfulness , or general efficacy ."
2540,Abstract #2540,"determine if using freshest available rather than standard-issue red blood cells ( RBCs ) can reduce mortality in critically ill intensive care unit patients . study is the largest ongoing randomised controlled trial ( RCT ) of RBC age in critically ill patients and will help determine if the use of the freshest available RBCs should become standard policy for the critically ill . double-blind , multicentre , Phase III RCT of 5000 adult ICU patients in Australia , New Zealand , Europe and the Middle East . of the freshest available RBCs in place of standard-care RBCs until hospital discharge . primary outcome measure is 90-day all-cause mortality . outcome measures are time to death , 28-day and 180-day mortality , persistent organ dysfunction combined with death , days alive and free of mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy , bloodstream infection in the ICU , length of stay in the ICU and in hospital , proportion of patients with febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions , and quality of life at Day 180 . detailed statistical analysis plan with predefined subgroups and secondary analyses has been finalised before results being available , to ensure an unbiased final analysis . pragmatic protocol design has been chosen to facilitate translation of the trial results into practice . TRANSFUSE trial will have important clinical and policy implications , regardless of the outcome ."
2541,Abstract #2541,"remodeling is believed to be important in the pathophysiology of asthma , and myofibroblasts are increased in the airways of asthmatic individuals 24 h after allergen challenge . receptor antagonists exert antiinflammatory activity in asthma , but it is unknown whether they influence indices of airway remodeling . the present study , we evaluated the effect of montelukast on airway myofibroblasts following low-dose allergen challenge ( LDAC ) . subjects with mild asthma were included in a two-center , randomized , parallel-group study . 2-week run-in period was followed by LDAC and endobronchial biopsy . were then randomized to receive either montelukast , 10 mg/d , or placebo ( n = 10 in each group ) for 8 weeks in a double-blind manner ; at the end of the treatment period , subjects underwent a second LDAC and endobronchial biopsy . effect of treatment on myofibroblasts , fibroblasts , and inflammatory cells was examined using electron microscopy techniques . with montelukast showed no significant difference by comparison with placebo but did show a significant within-group treatment-related decrease in airway wall myofibroblasts not seen in the placebo group . addition , the montelukast-treated group also showed a significant within-group reduction in lymphomononuclear cells and increased neutrophils . results suggest that montelukast has an inhibitory effect on airway structural cells that play a key role in airway remodeling in allergic airway inflammation , and that montelukast may be a useful therapy to attenuate airway remodeling in asthma ."
2542,Abstract #2542,", and more recently , clinical data have suggested the influence of hemostasis in the spread of malignant disease . complete research in this type of coagulation and cancer , a multicentric randomized clinical trial was performed , including 303 patients with small cell lung cancer ( SCLC ) , treated by the addition of aspirin at 1 g/day ( a dosage at which aspirin is considered to be a platelet aggregation inhibitor ) to combined chemotherapy . was not increased in the aspirin-treated group ( P = 0.90 ) . analysis according to the extent of disease ( limited or extensive disease ) did not modify that conclusion . result does not confirm the hypothesis that , in SCLC , aspirin ( a platelet aggregation inhibitor ) reduces metastasis formation and local tumor thrombogenesis ."
2543,Abstract #2543,"assess the hypnotic effect of melatonin in patients with primary insomnia . patients ( mean age 50 yr , range 30-72 yr ) who met the DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia received , in random order , 0.3 mg of melatonin , 1.0 mg of melatonin or placebo 60 minutes before bedtime . crossover design was used so that each patient received each of the 3 treatments for a 7-day period ( with a 5-day washout period between ) . each 7-day treatment , night time electroencephalographic ( EEG ) records were collected , and each morning , subjects completed sleep logs and analogue-visual scales to document the amount and subjective quality of sleep . were no significant differences in sleep EEG , the amount or subjective quality of sleep or side effects between the placebo , 0.3-mg melatonin or 1.0-mg melatonin treatments . did not produce any sleep benefit in this sample of patients with primary insomnia ."
2544,Abstract #2544,"( 0.75 mg given for two doses 12 h apart ) has been proven to be an effective regimen for emergency contraception when the first dose is given within 72 h of unprotected coitus . , the dosing interval is inconvenient for those taking the first dose in the afternoon . conducted a randomized study to evaluate two levonorgestrel dosing regimens for emergency contraception . doses of levonorgestrel 0.75 mg were administered with the first dose given up to 120 h after unprotected intercourse . second dose was given 12 h later in the first regimen and 24 h later in the second regimen . conducted a double-blind , randomized trial between 1997 and 2003 at five centres in China . total of 2071 women requesting emergency contraception within 120 h of unprotected intercourse were recruited . were randomized to receive two doses of 0.75 mg of levonorgestrel , given either 24 h apart or 12 h apart . was unknown for 53 women ( 24 in the 24 h group and 29 in the 12 h group ) . the remaining 2018 women , the crude pregnancy rate was 1.9 % in the 24 h group [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.17-2 .94 ] and 2.0 % in the 12 h group ( 95 % CI 1.19-2 .99 ) . proportion of pregnancies prevented was estimated to be 72 % in the 24 h group and 75 % in the 12 h group . were mild in both groups . efficacy of the 12 h regimen declined significantly when there were further acts of intercourse after treatment ( 5.0 versus 1.0 % , P < 0.01 ) . was not observed in the 24 h group . doses of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel given either 24 or 12 h apart are effective for emergency contraception up to 120 h after unprotected intercourse . research to investigative more effective methods of emergency contraception is warranted ."
2545,Abstract #2545,"invasive direct coronary artery bypass ( MIDCAB ) surgery in the awake patient with epidural anesthesia had been previously reported . , there is no prospective randomized study comparing MIDCAB surgery with epidural anesthesia versus general anesthesia . study was conducted as a prospective and randomized study . January 2002 and May 2003 , 76 patients were randomly assigned into either MIDCAB under general anesthesia ( GA Group ) or MIDCAB under epidural anesthesia ( EA Group ) . EA Group patients did not receive concomitant general anesthesia and they were conscious throughout the procedure . patients had a left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending coronary artery bypass using the same MIDCAB techniques . were 42 patients in the GA Group and 34 patients in the EA Group . statistical analysis , unpaired t-test for independent samples was used for comparison of continuous variables , and Pearson Chi-Square test was used for comparison of discrete variables . demographic characteristics of the groups were similar . was no mortality or major morbidity in both groups . EA Group patients had lower arterial oxygen saturations ( 93.3 + / - 3.2 % versus 97.4 + / - 1.3 % , p < 0.001 ) and higher partial carbon dioxide pressures ( 45.8 + / - 3.6 mmHg versus 41.5 + / - 2.5 mmHg , p < 0.001 ) , but these were not clinically significant . EA Group patients had significantly less intensive care unit ( ICU ) ( 5.5 + / - 6.5 hours versus 18.2 + / - 4.8 hours , p < 0.001 ) and hospital stay periods ( 31.4 + / - 20.7 hours versus 58.6 + / - 17.9 hours , p < 0.001 ) , as well as significantly less postoperative pain ( visual analog score 1.06 + / -0.6 versus 2.3 + / -0.6 , p < 0.001 ) and blood loss ( 184.2 + / - 169.0 ml versus 371.7 + / - 315.3 ml , p < 0.001 ) . was no any difference in regard to patient satisfaction after the procedure between the two groups . - term results were equally satisfactory in both groups . can be concluded that , similar surgical results can be achieved by MIDCAB surgery with general or epidural anesthesia . epidural anesthesia has no impact on the degree of patient satisfaction after the procedure , it yields significantly shorter ICU and hospital stay periods , which may result in more efficient use of hospital resources ."
2546,Abstract #2546,"optimal strategy for abdominal wall closure has been an issue of ongoing debate . studies do not specifically enroll patients who undergo emergency laparotomy and thus do not consider the distinct biological characteristics of these patients . present randomized controlled trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of two commonly applied abdominal wall closure strategies in patients undergoing primary emergency midline laparotomy . CONTINT trial is a multicenter , open label , randomized controlled trial with a two-group parallel design . undergoing a primary emergency midline laparotomy are enrolled in the trial . two most commonly applied strategies of abdominal wall closure after midline laparotomy are compared : the continuous , all-layer suture technique using slowly absorbable monofilament material ( two Monoplus loops ) and the interrupted suture technique using rapidly absorbable braided material ( Vicryl sutures ) . primary endpoint within the CONTINT trial is an incisional hernia within 12 months or a burst abdomen within 30 days after surgery . reliable data on this primary endpoint is not available for patients undergoing emergency surgery , an adaptive interim analysis will be conducted after the inclusion of 80 patients , allowing early termination of the trial if necessary or modification of design characteristics such as recalculation of sample size . is a randomized controlled multicenter trial with a two-group parallel design to assess the efficacy and safety of two commonly applied abdominal wall closure strategies in patients undergoing primary emergency midline laparotomy . ."
2547,Abstract #2547,"test a virtual case-based Simulated Diabetes Education intervention ( SimDE ) developed to teach primary care residents how to manage diabetes . primary care residency programs , with 341 volunteer residents in all postgraduate years ( PGY ) , were randomly assigned to a SimDE intervention group or control group ( CG ) . Web-based interactive educational intervention used computerized virtual patients who responded to provider actions through programmed simulation models . distinct learning cases ( L-cases ) were assigned to SimDE residents over six months from 2010 to 2011 . was assessed using performance on four virtual assessment cases ( A-cases ) , an objective knowledge test , and pre-post changes in self-assessed diabetes knowledge and confidence . comparisons were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models , controlling for clustering of residents within residency programs and differences in baseline knowledge . percentages of residents appropriately achieving A-case composite clinical goals for glucose , blood pressure , and lipids were as follows : A-case 1 : SimDE = 21.2 % , CG = 1.8 % , P = .002 ; A-case 2 : SimDE = 15.7 % , CG = 4.7 % , P = .02 ; A-case 3 : SimDE = 48.0 % , CG = 10.4 % , P < .001 ; and A-case 4 : SimDE = 42.1 % , CG = 18.7 % , P = .004 . mean knowledge score and pre-post changes in self-assessed knowledge and confidence were significantly better for SimDE group than CG participants . virtual case-based simulated diabetes education intervention improved diabetes management skills , knowledge , and confidence for primary care residents ."
2548,Abstract #2548,"evaluate the opioid-sparing and analgesic effect of diclofenac sodium in ambulatory nonimmersion extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ( ESWL ) . , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . referral hospital . ASA physical status I and II patients with upper renal tract nephrolithiasis . was performed with a sedative-analgesic technique . sodium 75 mg or an equal volume of saline was given intramuscularly 45 minutes prior to the procedure . and midazolam were added to maintain adequate sedation and analgesia . , both groups were comparable . the diclofenac sodium group , heart rate was slightly higher , treatment time was shorter , more shock waves were administered ( p < 0.02 ) , and less fentanyl was required ( p < 0.02 ) . arterial pressure was lower and arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter was higher in the diclofenac sodium group . were no differences between the groups in voltage , stone size , fragmentation , dose of midazolam administered , or overall assessment by both the doctors and patients . administered diclofenac sodium received a greater number of shock waves , required less fentanyl , and showed a marginal improvement in hemodynamic stability and oxygenation during ambulatory nonimmersion ESWL ."
2549,Abstract #2549,"leukocytes may increase morbidity in cardiac surgery . objective of this study is to investigate the influence on morbidity of leukocyte-depleting blood filters placed into the arterial line of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits . , blind , prospective , randomized and controlled clinical trial carried out in a cardiac surgery ICU at a university center . included 159 consecutive low-risk patients ( ie , Parsonnet score < 10 ) undergoing cardiac surgery who were initially stratified in three risk levels according to the Parsonnet score at admission into the hospital ( ie , low , < 4 ; middle , 4 to 7 ; and high , 8 to 10 ) . stratified , all patients were randomized to undergo cardiopulmonary bypass either with a conventional blood filter or with a leukocyte filter ( randomization ratio , 2:1 ) . outcome variable was morbidity . were considered to have a high morbidity if any of the following clinical situations were present ( ie , pulmonary dysfunction , cardiac dysfunction , perioperative infections , postoperative hyperthermia , and hyperdynamic states ) . leukocyte filter was used in 52 patients and the conventional filter in 107 patients . morbidity rate was similar in both groups , but patients with leukocyte filter had a lower incidence of perioperative infections , fever , and hyperdynamic states as compared with patients with the conventional filter . filtration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal perfusion showed no measurable effects on postoperative morbidity . , although not statistically significant , a decrease was observed in the rates of perioperative infection , fever , and hyperdynamic states ."
2550,Abstract #2550,"study the influence of seasons on blood pressure in ordinary circumstances . examined seasonal variations of home and 24 h ambulatory and office blood pressures in outpatients with essential hypertension . , home and ambulatory blood pressures of 50 outpatients with essential hypertension were recorded in 1993 . subjects were 26 women and 24 men , aged 59.3 + / - 1.1 years ( mean + / - SEM ) . blood pressure was measured monthly by physicians . blood pressure was measured every day by the patients in the morning and evening . blood pressure was recorded every 30 min in summer and in winter . order of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was randomized . daytime and night-time blood pressures were calculated according to the true waking and sleeping times of the individual patients . office and home blood pressures showed significant seasonal variations . winter-summer differences in office and home blood pressures were 4.7 + / - 1.3 / 3.3 + / - 0.9 and 5.9 + / - 1.1 / 2.7 + / - 0.6 mmHg , respectively . were not influenced by the presence of antihypertensive agents . winter-summer difference was also significant for daytime ambulatory blood pressure ( 3.5 + / - 1.4 / 2.5 + / - 0.8 mmHg ) , but not for night-time ambulatory blood pressure ( -2.9 + / - 1.7 / -1.2 + / - 1.0 mmHg ) or average 24 h blood pressure ( 1.5 + / - 1.3 / 1.2 + / - 0.7 mmHg ) . were no significant differences in the waking and sleeping times between the two seasons . , home and daytime ambulatory blood pressure levels were higher in winter than they were in summer in patients with essential hypertension . , the seasonal variations in average 24 h blood pressure may be small because of the lack of changes in night-time blood pressure ."
2551,Abstract #2551,"paper introduces a proof-of-concept trial in progress , supposedly providing new important information on anti-platelet drugs used in patients with peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) . Arteriogenesis Competence Network ( Art.Net . ) the Universities of Basel , Berlin , and Freiburg could show in animal models that Aspirin ( ASA ) , in contrast to Clopidogrel , inhibits the formation of an appropriate collateral network ( arteriogenesis ) . trial is supposed to reproduce the animal data in man . a prospective , double-blind , parallel-group , bi-national ( D , CH ) , multicentre trial , 250 patients will be randomised to either 100 mg ASA or 75 mg Clopidogrel once daily . will then enter a three months structured rehabilitation programme with daily physical training supposed to induce arteriogenesis . claudication distances will be tested as the primary endpoint at baseline , 6 weeks , and at 3 months . , the 24h physical activity profile of all patients will be electronically documented . trial will provide information on potential disadvantages when using ASA in PAD patients . data emerging from animal pharmacology can be reproduced in man , the present standard scheme of anti-aggregant treatment in PAD patients has to be reconsidered ."
2552,Abstract #2552,"individuals are more likely to have either lower blood concentrations or lower bioavailability of minerals and/or vitamins . , there are limited data on the effects of nutritional supplementation on body weight ( BW ) control , energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism in obese subjects . purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of supplementation with multivitamin and multimineral on adiposity , energy expenditure and lipid profiles in obese Chinese women . total of 96 obese Chinese women ( body mass index ( BMI ) 28 kg m ( -2 ) ) aged 18-55 years participated in a 26-week randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled intervention study . were randomized into three groups , receiving either one tablet of multivitamin and mineral supplement ( MMS ) , or calcium 162 mg ( Calcium ) or identical placebo daily during the study period . , BMI , waist circumference ( WC ) , fat mass ( FM ) , fat-free mass , resting energy expenditure ( REE ) , respiratory quotient ( RQ ) , blood pressure , fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin , total cholesterol ( TC ) , low - and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C and HDL-C ) and triglycerides ( TGs ) were measured at baseline and 26 weeks . total of 87 subjects completed the study . 26 weeks , compared with the placebo group , the MMS group had significantly lower BW , BMI , FM , TC and LDL-C , significantly higher REE and HDL-C , as well as a borderline significant trend of lower RQ ( P = 0.053 ) and WC ( P = 0.071 ) . calcium group also had significantly higher HDL-C and lower LDL-C levels compared with the placebo group . results suggest that , in obese individuals , multivitamin and mineral supplementation could reduce BW and fatness and improve serum lipid profiles , possibly through increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation . of calcium alone ( 162 mg per day ) only improved lipid profiles ."
2553,Abstract #2553,"evaluated the differential impact of stress-associated vs high pharmacologic concentrations of hydrocortisone pretreatment on heart rate variability ( HRV ) during a subsequent systemic inflammatory stimulus . volunteers were randomized to receive placebo ( Control ) and hydrocortisone at 1.5 g/kg per minute ( STRESS ) or at 3.0 g/kg per minute ( PHARM ) as a 6-hour infusion . STRESS dose was chosen to replicate the condition of physiologic adrenal cortical output during acute systemic stress . PHARM dose was chosen to induce a supraphysiologic concentration of cortisol . next day , all subjects received 2 ng/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin ( lipopolysaccharide ) . rate variability was analyzed with the statistic approximate entropy ( ApEn ) . lower ApEn correlates with decreased HRV . the 3-hour nadir , the decrease in ApEn in the STRESS group was significantly less compared to placebo ( P < .03 ) , whereas ApEn in the PHARM group was not statistically different . also found that the maximal decrease in ApEn preceded maximal increase in heart rate in all groups . decrease in R-R interval was maximal at 4 hours , whereas the ApEn nadir was 1 hour earlier at 3 hours . with a stress dose of hydrocortisone but not a higher pharmacologic dose maintained a significantly higher ApEn after endotoxin exposure when compared to a placebo . addition , decreases in ApEn preceded increases in heart rate ."
2554,Abstract #2554,"obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) remains a major health problem , strongly related to smoking . the publication of practice guidelines on prevention and treatment , not all patients with the disease receive the recommended healthcare , particularly with regard to smoking cessation advice where applicable . have developed a tailored implementation strategy for enhancing general practitioners ' adherence to the disease management guidelines . primary aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of this tailored implementation intervention on general practitioners ' adherence to guidelines . pragmatic two-arm cluster randomized trial has been planned to compare care following the implementation of tailored interventions of four recommendations in COPD patients against usual care . study will involve 18 general practices ( 9 in the intervention group and 9 in the control group ) in Poland , each with at least 80 identified ( at the baseline ) patients with diagnosed COPD . nine control practices will provide usual care without any interventions . interventions to implement four recommendations will be delivered in the remaining nine practices . follow-up after nine months , data will be collected for all 18 general practices . primary outcome measure is physicians ' adherence to all four recommendations : brief anti-smoking advice , dyspnea assessment , care checklist utilization and demonstration to patients of correct inhaler use . measurement will be based on data extracted from identified patients ' records . , we will survey and interview patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease about the process of care . results of this trial will be directly applicable to primary care in Poland and add to the growing body of evidence on interventions to improve chronic illness care . trial has been registered with Clinical Trials Protocol Registration System . ."
2555,Abstract #2555,"study compared emotionally disclosive writing and writing about goals as the ` best possible self ' to a control condition and evaluated coping through emotional processing ( EP ) and expression ( EE ) as moderators of effects at 1-month follow-up . ( N = 63 ) were randomly assigned to emotional disclosure ( EMO ) , best possible self ( BPS ) , or a control condition ( CTL ) . were hostility , medical visits , depressive symptoms , physical symptoms , and blood pressure . 1 month , hostility decreased in high-EP participants in EMO relative to BPS and decreased in low-EP participants in BPS relative to EMO . participants had fewer medical visits in BPS , whereas high-EP participants had more visits in BPS relative to other conditions . may accrue when the expressive task is matched to the individual 's preferred coping strategy ."
2556,Abstract #2556,"determine whether a low dose of spinal clonidine either alone or combined with sufentanil would provide effective analgesia following abdominal surgery , as a supplement to bupivacaine spinal anesthesia . double-blind study . surgery , teaching hospital . ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery with spinal anesthesia . were randomly assigned to one of four groups and prospectively studied to examine anesthesia , analgesia , and adverse effects . control group received saline as the test drug ; the sufentanil group received 10 microg of sufentanil ; the clonidine group received 30 microg of clonidine ; and the sufentanil/clonidine group received 5 microg of sufentanil plus 15 microg of clonidine . groups received intrathecal 15 mg of bupivacaine ( 3 mL ) plus the intrathecal test drug ( 2 mL ) . concept of visual analog scale ( VAS ) was introduced . patients were premedicated with intravenous midazolam . analgesics were available . groups were demographically the same . block to pinprick at 10 min was higher for clonidine and sufentanil/clonidine groups compared to the control group ( p < 0.02 ) . time ( Bromage score 2 ) was also longer for clonidine and sufentanil/clonidine groups compared to the control and sufentanil groups ( p < 0.05 ) . to first rescue analgesics was shorter in the control group compared to the other groups ( p < 0.02 ) . number of IM diclofenac dose injections in 24 hours was higher in the control group compared to all other groups ( p < 0.05 ) . incidence of adverse effects and ephedrine consumption were similar among groups . 15 - and 30-microg clonidine doses expanded the anesthesia sensory block and duration of motor block , and provided analgesia ."
2557,Abstract #2557,"angiographic studies have suggested that calcium antagonists may prevent the formation of new coronary lesions and the progression of minimal lesions . , a meta-analysis suggested that these drugs may increase cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease . investigate whether nisoldipine retards the progression of coronary atherosclerosis or reduces the occurrence of clinical events . NICOLE study ( NIsoldipine in COronary artery disease in LEuven ) is a single centre , randomised , double blind , placebo controlled trial with coronary angiography at baseline , six months , and three years of follow up . patients who had undergone successful coronary angioplasty were randomised to nisoldipine 40 mg once daily or placebo . intention to treat and per protocol population consisted of 819 and 578 patients , respectively . the per protocol population , 625 of the nisoldipine treated and 655 of the placebo treated patients ( NS ) showed angiographic progression in at least one coronary arterial segment , defined as an increase in diameter stenosis of > or = 13 % . average minimum luminal diameter of the non-dilated lesions decreased by 0.163 mm and 0.167 mm in the nisoldipine and placebo groups , respectively ( NS ) . respective numbers of new lesions detected were 7 and 13 ( NS ) . the intention to treat population , the rates of death , stroke , and acute myocardial infarction were similar in both treatment groups . , nisoldipine use was associated with fewer revascularisation procedures and thus the percentage of patients with any clinical event was lower ( 44.6 % v 52.6 % , p = 0.02 ) . has no demonstrable effect on the angiographic progression of coronary atherosclerosis or the risk of major cardiovascular events but its use is associated with fewer revascularisation procedures ."
2558,Abstract #2558,"evaluate risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes by number of embryos transferred ( ET ) and fetal heartbeats ( FHB ) in assisted reproductive technology-conceived singleton live births . cohort using cycles reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System between 2004 and 2008 among women who were treated and gave birth in Massachusetts . applicable . reproductive technology data on 6,073 births between 2004 and 2008 were linked to vital records and hospital data . of ET 3 vs. 1-2 , FHB > 1 vs. 1 , and risks of preterm birth ( PTB , < 37weeks ' gestation ) , low birth weight ( LBW , < 2,500 g ) , and small-for-gestational-age birth weight ( SGA , < 10th percentile ) with FHB > 1 were modeled with binary logistic regression using a backward-stepping algorithm , and presented as adjusted odds ratios ( 95 % confidence intervals ) . . 3 , FHB > 1 , PTB , LBW , and SGA . ET was significantly more likely with older maternal age , intracytoplasmic sperm injection , assisted hatching , cleavage-stage embryos , and thawed embryos . likelihood of FHB > 1 with 3 ET vs. 1-2 ET was 2.04 ( 1.68-2 .48 ) . of PTB and LBW with FHB > 1 were 1.63 ( 1.27-2 .09 ) and 1.81 ( 1.36-2 .39 ) , respectively ; the risk of SGA was not significant . was associated with higher risks of PTB ( 1.34 [ 1.12-1 .59 ] ) , LBW ( 1.48 [ 1.20-1 .83 ] ) , and SGA ( 2.17 [ 1.69-2 .78 ] ) . of embryos transferred was strongly associated with FHBs , with twice the risk of FHB > 1 with 3 ET vs. 1-2 ET . FHBs were associated with significantly greater risks for PTB and LBW outcomes ."
2559,Abstract #2559,"injections of the benzodiazepine midazolam have been reported to cause antinociception in animals and pain relief in human beings , including the potentiation of opioid analgesia . study compared the efficacy of the addition of midazolam to a mixture of buprenorphine and bupivacaine used for spinal anaesthesia . study was prospective , randomized , and observer blinded . involved 60 patients ( 30 per group ) , ASA I and II , age 20-40 yr , undergoing minor and intermediate lower abdominal surgery under spinal anaesthesia . were randomized into two groups : the control group received a spinal injection of hyperbaric bupivacaine ( 15 mg ) plus buprenorphine ( 0.15 mg ) and the experimental group received a spinal injection of the same two drugs and doses but supplemented with intrathecal midazolam ( 2 mg ) . duration of postoperative analgesia in the control group was 9.24 + / - 2.57 h ( mean + / - SEM ) , and 21.33 + / - 12.69 h in the midazolam treated group ( P < 0.001 ) . treated with intrathecal midazolam had better pain relief judged by visual analogue score on coughing ( P = 0.0013 ) and a nursing mobility score ( P < 0.0001 ) . effects were minor and their incidence was similar in both groups . conclude that intrathecal midazolam 2 mg improves the quality and duration of postoperative pain relief afforded by intrathecal buprenorphine and bupivacaine ."
2560,Abstract #2560,"European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis ( ELSA ) has been planned to investigate the effect of reduction in office and ambulatory blood pressure by lacidipine versus atenolol on carotid artery wall thickness in mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients with no metabolic abnormalities . prespecified sub-study of ELSA focused on measurements of arterial distensibility in the carotid as well as in the radial artery to determine the relationship of functional arterial properties with office versus ambulatory blood pressure ( BP ) values as well as the correspondence between functional and structural arterial alterations . sub-study was conducted on 124 patients recruited in four centres ( Monza-Milan , Paris , Grenoble and Glasgow ) . was measured both by a mercury sphygmomanometer and by 24-h ambulatory monitoring . carotid artery wall thickness was measured by certified sonographers as described in the main study . carotid and radial artery distensibility were obtained by echotracking techniques , which allowed to relate changes in arterial diameter with systo-diastolic BP changes . artery wall distensibility showed ( 1 ) a negative correlation with office and more so 24-h average systolic BP ( r = -0.45 and -0.58 , P < 0.008 and 0.001 ) but not with office or 24-h diastolic BP ) and ( 2 ) a negative correlation with the corresponding wall thickness ( r = -0.47 , P < 0.005 ) . contrast , at the radial artery level distensibility and thickness showed no correlation with each other and with BP . ( but not radial ) artery distensibility also correlated with ambulatory systolic BP variability but the correlation was lost after adjustment for age and mean BP values . data suggest that stiffening of large elastic artery is reflected more by ambulatory than office BP elevations , systolic BP being much more important than diastolic . of large elastic arteries function is related to structural wall changes . and structural properties of middle-size muscle arteries are independent of BP ."
2561,Abstract #2561,"evaluate the effectiveness of a protocol designed to optimize serum phosphate levels in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis ( HD ) . , controlled trial . units at Barts and the London NHS Trust and satellite units . clinically stable adults undergoing regular HD with a serum phosphate level > 1.8 mmol/L on at least one occasion within 4 months of starting the study . of serum phosphate using a specially designed phosphate management protocol during a 4-month study period implemented by a renal dietitian and renal pharmacist compared with standard practice . in serum phosphate levels in both groups after 4 months . managed using the phosphate management protocol had a significantly greater reduction in serum phosphate levels compared with patients receiving standard practice ( -0.22 + / - 0.67 mmol/L vs. +0.19 + / - 0.32 mmol/L , P = 0.03 ) . phosphate management protocol was effective , and its implementation was associated with significantly better serum phosphate control in patients undergoing regular HD ."
2562,Abstract #2562,"a treatment of depression , the efficacy of conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) is limited , and symptoms recurrence is easy to occur after the treatment . study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive rTMS ( SEM-rTMS ) in the treatment of depression . 7 days without psychoactive medication , 164 patients with clinically defined depression were randomly divided into 3 groups : SEM-rTMS group ( n = 57 ) , conventional rTMS ( C-rTMS , n = 55 ) group and sham-rTMS group ( n = 52 ) . patient was treated with the corresponding method for 30 minutes everyday for 10 days . and after scores on the 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression ( HAMD-24 ) and the clinical outcome on the 10th day of therapy for all subjects were analyzed . cases in the SEM-rTMS group obtained improved mood as compared to 6 in the C-rTMS group and 2 in the sham-rTMS group ( ( 2 ) = 15.89 , P = 0.0004 ) . completion of the rTMS phase of the protocol , a ( 51 5 ) % reduction of HAMD-24 scores from the baseline in the SEM-rTMS group was found compared with a ( 34 4 ) % in the C-rTMS group ( q = 26.09 , P = 0.001 ) and a ( 14 3 ) % in sham-rTMS group ( q = 57.53 , P = 0.000 ) . 88 % total effective rate in the SEM-rTMS group was significantly higher than 68 % in the C-rTMS group and 20 % in the sham-rTMS group ( ( 2 ) = 12.01 , P = 0.0025 ) . significant side effects were noted . is an effective and safe way for treating depression with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( ChiCTR-TRC-00000438 ) ."
2563,Abstract #2563,"aim of this study was to assess whether weekend drug holidays during methylphenidate ( MPH ) administration would change the efficacy and tolerability to the medication in male children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) . a 28-day , double-blind study , children with diagnoses of ADHD were randomized to receive BID MPH for 7 days a week ( n = 21 ) or to receive BID MPH on weekdays and a placebo on weekends ( n = 19 ) . completed the Conners ' Abbreviated Rating Scale ( ABRS ) to assess ADHD symptoms and the Barkley 's Side Effect Rating Scale ( SERS ) to assess side effects on weekends . completed the ABRS on each Monday after weekends . groups showed a significant reduction on the ABRS over time as the dose was increased . , the group difference in the ABRS scores was not statistically significant , either on weekend parent ratings ( at the endpoint , p = 0.41 ; effect size = 0.26 ) or on teachers ' ratings ( at the endpoint , p = 0.99 ; effect size = 0.002 ) . omission of MPH on weekends was associated with significantly less severity of insomnia ( F = 3.96 , d.f. = 1 , p = 0.05 ) and a trend for less interference on appetite ( F = 3.18 , d. f. = 1 , p = 0.08 ) . findings suggest that weekend holidays during MPH administration reduce the side effects of insomnia and appetite suppression without a significant increase in symptoms , either on weekends or in the first school day after them . explanations for these findings ( rate-dependent response or impact of demands of the environment ) are discussed in this paper ."
2564,Abstract #2564,"prospective randomized study was performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of 5 different methods of hemostasis in selected patients with high-risk bleeding peptic ulcers . hundred and eight patients ( n = 208 ; mean age : 61.6 yrs ) with endoscopic stigmata of active hemorrhage , non-bleeding vessel or adherent fresh clot were randomized during emergency endoscopy to receive one of the following modalities of endoscopic therapy ( with or without pharmacological therapy ) : I ) injection of absolute alcohol ( n = 44 ) ; II ) multipolar electrocoagulation ( BICAP ; n = 42 ) ; III ) Nd-YAG laser ( n = 40 ) ; IV ) injection of absolute ethanol + octreotide ( n = 42 ) ; V ) injection of absolute ethanol + omeprazole ( n = 40 ) . 5 treatment groups were clinically and endoscopically comparable . initial hemostatic success was > 90 % in every group . significant differences between groups were found in any of the following parameters assessed during hospitalization : incidence of rebleeding ( I = 14.8 % vs. II = 19.0 % vs. III = 16.6 % vs. IV = 18.1 % vs. V = 20.0 % ; P > 0.05 mean = 17.7 % ) ; incidence of definitive hemostasis ( I = 89.3 % vs. II = 85.7 % vs. III = 86.6 % vs. IV = 84.0 % vs. V = 86.6 % ; P > 0.05 ; mean = 86.5 % ) ; incidence of emergency surgery ( I = 8.5 % vs. II = 11.9 % vs. III = 10.0 % vs. IV = 6.8 % vs. V = 11.1 % ; P > 0.05 ; mean = 9.6 % ) ; mortality rate ( I = 4.2 % vs. II = 4.7 % vs. III = 3.3 % vs. IV = 13.6 % vs. V = 4.4 % ; P > 0.05 ; mean = 6.2 % ) . age of deceased patients was significantly higher than living patients ( 71.2 + / - 13.4 vs. 60.9 + / - 14.4 ; P < 0.05 ) . 2/3 of the fatal cases were strongly weakened by coexistent medical diseases . duration of hospital stay was similar for all groups . BICAP group required less units of blood transfusion ( 1.9 + / - 1.8 vs. I = 3.0 + / - 2.6 ; III = 3.5 + / - 3.6 ; IV = 2.8 + / - 2.3 ; V = 3.1 + / - 2.5 ; P < 0.05 ) , perhaps due to the higher mean value of hemoglobin of these patients at hospital admission , compared to all other groups . significant complications were reported . study provides good evidence that injection of absolute ethanol , multipolar electrocoagulation ( BICAP ) and Nd-YAG laser are equally safe and effective in the endoscopic therapy of acute bleeding peptic ulcers . contrast , no additional hemostatic benefits arose from the association of pharmacological agents ( octreotide or omeprazole ) to sclerosis injection ."
2565,Abstract #2565,"complications are the major cause of death in acute pancreatitis . bowel bacterial overgrowth and subsequent bacterial translocation are held responsible for the vast majority of these infections . of this study is to determine whether selected probiotics are capable of preventing infectious complications without the disadvantages of antibiotic prophylaxis ; antibiotic resistance and fungal overgrowth . is a double-blind , placebo-controlled randomised multicenter trial in which 200 patients will be randomly allocated to a multispecies probiotic preparation ( Ecologic 641 ) or placebo . study is performed in all 8 Dutch University Hospitals and 7 non-University hospitals . study-product is administered twice daily through a nasojejunal tube for 28 days or until discharge . eligible for randomisation are adult patients with a first onset of predicted severe acute pancreatitis : Imrie criteria 3 or more , CRP 150 mg/L or more , APACHE II score 8 or more . criteria are post-ERCP pancreatitis , malignancy , infection/sepsis caused by a second disease , intra-operative diagnosis of pancreatitis and use of probiotics during the study . of the study product is started within 72 hours after onset of abdominal pain . primary endpoint is the total number of infectious complications . endpoints are mortality , necrosectomy , antibiotic resistance , hospital stay and adverse events . demonstrate that probiotic prophylaxis reduces the proportion of patients with infectious complications from 50 % to 30 % , with alpha 0,05 and power 80 % , a total sample size of 200 patients was calculated . PROPATRIA study is aimed to show a reduction in infectious complications due to early enteral use of multispecies probiotics in severe acute pancreatitis ."
2566,Abstract #2566,"patients who have a ventricular tachyarrhythmic event , implantable cardioverter-defibrillators ( ICDs ) are a mainstay of therapy to prevent sudden death . , ICD shocks are painful , can result in clinical depression , and do not offer complete protection against death from arrhythmia . designed this randomized trial to examine whether prophylactic radiofrequency catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic ventricular tissue would reduce the incidence of ICD therapy . patients with a history of a myocardial infarction underwent defibrillator implantation for spontaneous ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation . patients did not receive antiarrhythmic drugs . were randomly assigned to defibrillator implantation alone or defibrillator implantation with adjunctive catheter ablation ( 64 patients in each group ) . was performed with the use of a substrate-based approach in which the myocardial scar is mapped and ablated while the heart remains predominantly in sinus rhythm . primary end point was survival free from any appropriate ICD therapy . mortality rate 30 days after ablation was zero , and there were no significant changes in ventricular function or functional class during the mean ( + / - SD ) follow-up period of 22.5 + / -5.5 months . patients assigned to defibrillator implantation alone ( 33 % ) and eight patients assigned to defibrillator implantation plus ablation ( 12 % ) received appropriate ICD therapy ( antitachycardia pacing or shocks ) ( hazard ratio in the ablation group , 0.35 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.15 to 0.78 , P = 0.007 ) . these patients , 20 in the control group ( 31 % ) and 6 in the ablation group ( 9 % ) received shocks ( P = 0.003 ) . was not increased in the group assigned to ablation as compared with the control group ( 9 % vs. 17 % , P = 0.29 ) . this randomized trial , prophylactic substrate-based catheter ablation reduced the incidence of ICD therapy in patients with a history of myocardial infarction who received ICDs for the secondary prevention of sudden death . Current Controlled Trials number , ISRCTN62488166 [ controlled-trials . ] . )"
2567,Abstract #2567,"examine whether an intra-oral injection of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( ketorolac ) , in association with conventional local anaesthetic techniques , would improve the pulp extirpation rate in teeth with irreversible pulpitis . two group double-blind clinical trial was undertaken in the Dental Casualty Department of the University of Manchester School of Dentistry . were randomly allocated to either the test or control group . test group received an intra-oral injection of ketorolac ( 30 mg in 1 mL ) in the buccal sulcus adjacent to the tooth being treated . an interval of 15 min , they then received 2.2 mL of 2 % lidocaine with 1 : 80 000 epinephrine by buccal infiltration in the maxilla or by inferior dental block in the mandible . control group received an intra-oral injection of normal saline ( 1 mL ) in the buccal sulcus adjacent to the tooth being treated , followed by the same local anaesthetic regime as the test group after the 15 min interval . minutes after the local anaesthetic injections , pulp extirpation was attempted . patients completed the short-form McGill pain questionnaire prior to treatment and completed identical questionnaires at 6 and 24 h after treatment . study protocol set the number of patients to be treated at twenty . , as the study progressed it became apparent that the intra-oral injection of ketorolac caused significant pain to four of the five patients who received it ; therefore the study was terminated after ten patients had been treated . results from the patients treated showed no significant difference in the pulp extirpation rate between the test and control groups . , patients with higher pain scores at baseline were less likely to have the pulp completely extirpated , irrespective of whether they were in the test or control group . scores for all patients decreased significantly from baseline to 24 h. intra-oral injection of ketorolac did not improve the pulp extirpation rate in a small group of patients with irreversible pulpitis compared with a placebo . addition , it was associated with such significant pain on injection that it can not be recommended as a treatment in this situation ."
2568,Abstract #2568,"trial is the first to compare directly the clinical response to and safety of oral and intravenous ( IV ) ibandronic acid for metastatic bone disease . > or = 18 years with breast , prostate , lung , urogenital or colon cancer received IV ibandronic acid 6 mg infused over 15 min every 28 days or oral ibandronic acid 50 mg/day . response was determined using bone scintigraphy , radiography and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen ( S-CTX ) at months 3-6 . events and biochemical safety measures were recorded . total of 84.6 and 88.5 % of patients had a complete/partial response to IV and oral ibandronic acid , respectively . percentage decreases in S-CTX were -39 and -35 % , respectively . pain scores decreased and analgesic use increased from month 0-3 and were stable from months 3-6 . formulations improved physical and functioning scores . and IV ibandronic acid for bone metastases have similar efficacy and tolerability ."
2569,Abstract #2569,"identify predictors of error in estimated blood alcohol concentration ( eBAC ) in a sample of bar patrons . hundred sixty-six patrons ( 43.6 % female ) were randomly sampled from 32 bars . were asked to provide a breath sample into a handheld breath alcohol concentration test unit upon entrance and exit from the bar . also completed a brief survey at entrance and exit . analyses , this sample was stratified by whether patrons consumed alcohol before attending the bar . of BAC were calculated using Matthews and Miller 's formula ( 1979 ) . three-category dependent variable was created based on the estimation accuracy of eBAC relative to breath alcohol concentration : accurate ( within .02 ) , underestimate of BAC , and overestimate of BAC . those that drank before arriving at the bar , 29 % of eBACs were accurate , 32.3 % were underestimates , and 38.8 % were overestimates . those who drank only at the bar , 42.0 % were accurate , 20.8 % were underestimates , and 37.7 % were overestimates . those who drank before attending the bar , the number of drinks consumed before attending the bar was significantly related to eBAC underestimate . those who drank only at the bar , predictors of overestimate included being female , drinking more , and drinking longer . accuracy of eBAC is poor at best . an earlier study of parties , eBACs were often underestimated ; in the bar setting , eBACs were often overestimated . research is needed to understand the role of setting on eBAC calculations ."
2570,Abstract #2570,"evidence exists regarding the effects of soy consumption on the metabolic syndrome in humans . aimed to determine the effects of soy consumption on components of the metabolic syndrome , plasma lipids , lipoproteins , insulin resistance , and glycemic control in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome . randomized crossover clinical trial was undertaken in 42 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome . were randomly assigned to consume a control diet ( Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension , DASH ) , a soy-protein diet , or a soy-nut diet , each for 8 wk . meat in the DASH period was replaced by soy-protein in the soy-protein period and by soy-nut in the soy-nut period . soy-nut regimen decreased the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance score significantly compared with the soy-protein ( difference in percentage change : -7.4 + / - 0.8 ; P < 0.01 ) or control ( -12.9 + / - 0.9 ; P < 0.01 ) diets . of soy-nut also reduced fasting plasma glucose more significantly than did the soy-protein ( -5.3 + / - 0.5 % ; P < 0.01 ) or control ( -5.1 + / - 0.6 % ; P < 0.01 ) diet . soy-nut regimen decreased LDL cholesterol more than did the soy-protein period ( -5.0 + / - 0.6 % ; P < 0.01 ) and the control ( -9.5 + / - 0.6 % ; P < 0.01 ) diet . consumption significantly reduced serum C-peptide concentrations compared with control diet ( -8.0 + / - 2.1 ; P < 0.01 ) , but consumption of soy-protein did not . soy-nut consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome ."
2571,Abstract #2571,"investigate the safety of electroacupuncture plus oxytocin for uterine contraction of puerperants . puerperants with difficult labor were randomly divided into a medication group , treated with intravenous dripping of oxytocin , and an acupuncture plus medication group , in the medication group , intravenous dripping of oxytocin was given , and in the other group , acupuncture at bilateral Hegu ( LI 4 ) was added . rate , respiratory frequency , blood pressure of puerperants , fetal heart rate and birth process were observed . laboring , the indices observed , including heart rate , respiratory frequency , blood pressure , fetal heart rate and birth process , were all in normal range in all of the 276 cases , with better effects in acupuncture plus medication Group M. at bilateral Hegu ( LI 4 ) plus intravenous dripping of oxytocin can intensify the uterine contraction , shorten the birth process to avoid probable systemic exhaustion due to excessive consumption , and with no side effects on life signs of the puerperants and newborns ."
2572,Abstract #2572,"determine and compare the microbial retention efficiency of 3 types of heat and moisture exchange ( HME ) filters . prospective study . Care Unit at the Middlesex Hospital and the microbiology laboratory of the Department of Academic Microbiology , University College London Medical School . aerosol challenge to each filter using a suspension containing . marcescens and the bacteriophage MS2 . total 45 filters of 3 types were tested , 15 previously unused and 30 that had been used in ventilator circuits of 30 patients . 3 types of filter generally had microbial retention efficiencies of > 99.99 % for both S. marcescens and the bacteriophage MS2 . 3 types of HME filter were effective microbial filters and comparable in their microbial retention ."
2573,Abstract #2573,"( HTN ) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) in the setting of diabetes . is no consensus on how best to treat hypertension among those with diabetes . we describe the characteristics of a cohort of hypertensive adults with diabetes who are part of a large prospective blood pressure study . study will help clarify the treatment of HTN in the setting of diabetes . Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering high-risk hypertensive participants , ages > or = 55 years , designed to determine whether the incidence of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and combined cardiovascular events ( fatal and nonfatal CHD , revascularization surgery , angina pectoris , congestive heart failure , and stroke ) differs between diuretic ( chlorthalidone ) treatment and three alternative antihypertensive therapies : a calcium channel blocker ( amlodipine ) , an ACE inhibitor ( lisinopril ) , and an alpha-adrenergic blocker ( doxazosin ) . planned follow-up is an average of 6 years , to be completed March 2002 . are 15,297 diabetic individuals in the ALLHAT study ( 36.0 % of the entire cohort ) . these individuals , 50.2 % are male , 39.4 % are African-American , and 17.7 % are Hispanic . and laboratory characteristics of the cohort are similar to those of other studies of the U.S. elderly population with HTN . sample size has 42 and 93 % confidence , treatments for the two study outcomes . diabetic cohort in ALLHAT wil be able to provide valuable information about the treatment of hypertension in older diabetic patients at risk for incident CVD ."
2574,Abstract #2574,"administration of salmon calcitonin ( SCT ) has been suggested for preventing trabecular bone loss during the first years following the menopause , but no conclusive evidence has appeared about the minimal effective dose . nasal calcitonin is highly expensive , it makes sense to define this dose . performed a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized , single-center study with a 3-arm parallel-group design . subjects were 251 healthy women who had experienced natural menopause within the past 6 to 72 months and were not affected by any diseases or treatments that interfere with calcium metabolism . were randomly allocated in groups of 6 to receive intranasal SCT 50 IU ( n = 84 ) , SCT 200 IU ( n = 84 ) , or placebo ( n = 83 ) . treatments were given on 5 consecutive days per week . analysis was based on two populations : intention-to-treat ( IT ) and valid completers ( VC ) . main assessments performed were bone mineral density of the lumbar spine ( LSBMD ) and biochemical parameters reflecting bone turnover ( serum alkaline phosphatase , urinary calcium/creatinine , and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios ) . over the treatment period were comparable in the IT and VC populations . the group receiving the placebo , LSBMD decreased from baseline to end point by a mean of 6.28 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] -7.69 to -4.89 ) in the IT population and 6.98 % ( 95 % CI -8.86 to -5.11 ) in the VC population ( P = 0.0001 , end LSBMD versus baseline LSBMD ) . increased slightly with the 50-IU/d dose of SCT , by 0.82 % ( 95 % CI -0.26 to 1.89 ) in the IT population , and 0.51 % ( 95 % CI -0.69 to 1.72 ) in the VC ( P = NS , versus baseline ) . who received SCT 200 IU/d experienced significant increases of 2.03 % ( 95 % CI 0.92 to 3.15 ) in the IT population and 2.26 % ( 95 % CI 1.01 to 3.51 ) in the VC ( both P = 0.001 ) . difference between the evolution of the combined groups receiving nasal SCT and the group treated with the placebo was highly significant ( P = 0.0001 ) . significant changes were recorded in biochemical parameters reflecting bone turnover . 50 IU/d administered nasally and intermittently appears to prevent lumbar bone loss in nonobese early postmenopausal women ."
2575,Abstract #2575,"investigate whether oral amiodarone administered before surgery for a short period in high dose would reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter and reduces the length of hospital stay . the double-blind , randomized study , 93 patients were given either oral amiodarone ( 46 patients ) or placebo ( 47 patients ) . consisted of 600 mg of amiodarone three times a day , started at minimum 30 hours and at maximum 56 hours before surgery . atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter occurred in 8 of 46 patients in the amiodarone group ( 17.4 % ) and 19 of the 47 patients in the placebo group ( 40.4 % ) ( p = 0.027 ) . mean dose of amiodarone was 2.8 g. Patients in the amiodarone group were hospitalized for 8.9 + / -3.1 days and patients in the placebo group were hospitalized for 11.4 + / -8.7 days ( p = 0.07 ) . hospital length were significantly prolonged in patients who developed atrial arrhythmias after surgery , despite the treatment received . p < 0.001 ) . new alternative way of using amiodarone in high dose and in a short-term period before surgery reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in coronary artery bypass graft surgery ."
2576,Abstract #2576,"sleep apnea has been associated with postoperative complications . hypothesized that postoperative autotitrating positive airway pressure ( APAP ) applied to patients at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea would shorten hospital stay and reduce postoperative complications . were patients aged 18 to 100 years scheduled for elective total knee or hip arthroplasty who were able to give informed consent . without contraindication to positive airway pressure therapy were divided into a high - or low-risk group on the basis of the Flemons sleep apnea clinical score . patients received standard care . patients were randomized to receive standard care or standard care plus postoperative APAP . patients were administered a predismissal cardiorespiratory sleep study . primary end point was length of stay , and secondary end points were a range of postoperative complications . hundred thirty-eight patients were enrolled in the study ( 52 in the low-risk group , 86 in the high-risk group ) . the high-risk group , 43 were randomized to standard care and 43 to standard care plus postoperative APAP . were no significant differences in the length of stay ( P = .65 ) or any of the secondary end points between the randomized groups . subgroup analysis of patients with an apnea-hypopnea index of 15 , patients randomized to APAP had a longer postoperative stay ( median , 5 vs 4 days ; P = .02 ) . role for empirical postoperative APAP requires further study , but the findings did not show benefit for APAP applied postoperatively to positive airway pressure-naive patients at high risk for sleep apnea ."
2577,Abstract #2577,"compare the haemodynamic effects of three premedicant regimens during propofol-induced isoflurane anaesthesia . , randomized cross-over study . healthy purpose-bred beagles aged 4 years and weighing mean 13.6 SD 1.9 kg . dogs were instrumented whilst under isoflurane anaesthesia prior to each experiment , then allowed to recover for 60 minutes . dog was treated with three different premedications given intravenously ( IV ) : medetomidine 10 g kg ( MED ) , medetomidine 10 g kg with MK-467 250 g kg ( MMK ) , or acepromazine 0.01 mg kg with butorphanol 0.3 mg kg ( AB ) . was induced 20 minutes later with propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen for 60 minutes . rate ( HR ) , cardiac output , arterial blood pressures ( ABP ) , central venous pressure ( CVP ) , respiratory rate , inspired oxygen fraction , rectal temperature ( RT ) and bispectral index ( BIS ) were measured and arterial and venous blood gases analyzed . index ( CI ) , systemic vascular resistance index ( SVRI ) , oxygen delivery index ( DO I ) , systemic oxygen consumption index ( VO I ) and oxygen extraction ( EO ) were calculated . to extubation , righting , sternal recumbency and walking were recorded . differences between treatment groups were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of covariance . , CI , DO I and BIS were significantly lower with MED than with MMK . , CVP , SVRI , EO , RT and arterial lactate were significantly higher with MED than with MMK and AB . and ABP were significantly higher with MMK than with AB . , CVP , CI , SVRI , DO I , VO I , EO , T , BIS and blood lactate did not differ significantly between MMK and AB . times to extubation , righting , sternal recumbency and walking were significantly shorter with MMK than with MED and AB . attenuates certain cardiovascular effects of medetomidine in dogs anaesthetized with isoflurane . cardiovascular effects of MMK are very similar to those of AB ."
2578,Abstract #2578,"make a study of the influence of the intervene of traditional Chinese medicine on cytokine level in benign prostatic hyperplasia . patients were divided into treatment group ( group A ) , control group ( group B ) and healthy group ( group C ) with the randomly compared researching method . A were given Qianliening Tang ( QLNT ) , daily potion , two times a day . B were given Qianliekang , three times a day , three pills each time . course of both treatment lasted for 8 weeks . treatment , TNF-alpha , IL-17 / IL-10 , IL-4 in group A and B are obviously out of order compared with group C ( P < 0.01 ) . the treatment , TNF-alpha , IL-17 in group A decreased dramatically and IL-10 , IL-4 increased , which shows great differences compared with those before treatment and with group B ( P < 0.01 ) , but still ca n't reach to group C level . liening Tang can efficiently regulate the level of suppressive inflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines . provides scientific experimental basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease ."
2579,Abstract #2579,"evaluate the effects of an aquatic physiotherapy method ( Halliwick-Therapy ) upon mobility in the post-acute phase of stroke rehabilitation . controlled trial . for neurological rehabilitation . patients after first-ever stroke in post-acute inpatient rehabilitation at least two weeks after the onset of stroke ( n = 30 ) . the Halliwick-Therapy group ( n = 14 ) the treatment over a period of two weeks included 45 minutes of aquatic therapy three times per week and a conventional physiotherapeutic treatment twice a week . in the control group ( n = 16 ) received conventional physiotherapeutic treatment over a period of two weeks five times per week . primary outcome variable was postural stability ( Berg Balance Scale ) . outcome variables were functional reach , functional gait ability and basic functional mobility . to the control group , significantly more subjects in the Halliwick-Therapy group ( 83.3 % versus 46.7 % ) attained significant improvement of the Berg Balance Scale ( P < 0.05 ) . of the functional gait ability was significantly higher in the Halliwick-Therapy group ( mean ( SD ) 1.25 ( 0.86 ) ) than in the control group ( mean ( SD ) 0.73 ( 0.70 ) ) ( P < 0.1 ) . mean differences of improvements in functional reach and basic functional mobility were not statistically significant between groups . study indicates that Halliwick-Therapy is safe and well tolerated in stroke patients in post-acute rehabilitation and has positive effects upon some aspects of mobility ."
2580,Abstract #2580,"determine whether initial improvements in obstructive sleep apnoea after a very low energy diet were maintained after one year in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea . centre , prospective observational follow-up study . obesity clinic in a university hospital in Stockholm , Sweden . men aged 30-65 with body mass index ( BMI ) 30-40 and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index 15 ( events/hour ) , all treated with continuous positive airway pressure . one year weight loss programme , consisting of an initial very low energy diet for nine weeks ( seven weeks of 2.3 MJ/day and two weeks of gradual introduction of normal food ) followed by a weight loss maintenance programme . index , the main index for severity of obstructive sleep apnoea . from all patients were analysed ( baseline carried forward for missing data ) . 63 eligible patients , 58 completed the very low energy diet period and started the weight maintenance programme and 44 completed the full programme ; 49 had complete measurements at one year . baseline the mean apnoea-hypopnoea index was 36 events/hour . the very low energy diet period , apnoea-hypopnoea index was improved by -21 events/hour ( 95 % confidence interval -17 to -25 ) and weight by -18 kg ( -16 to -19 ; both P < 0.001 ) . one year the apnoea-hypopnoea index had improved by -17 events/hour ( -13 to -21 ) and body weight by -12 kg ( -10 to -14 ) compared with baseline ( both P < 0.001 ) . with severe obstructive sleep apnoea at baseline had greater improvements in apnoea-hypopnoea index ( -25 events/hour ) compared with patients with moderate disease ( -7 events/hour , P < 0.001 ) . one year , 30/63 ( 48 % , 95 % confidence interval 35 % to 60 % ) no longer required continuous positive airway pressure and 6/63 ( 10 % , 2 % to 17 % ) had total remission of obstructive sleep apnoea ( apnoea-hypopnoea index < 5 events/hour ) . was a dose-response association between weight loss and apnoea-hypopnoea index at follow-up ( = 0.50 events/kg , 0.11 to 0.88 ; P = 0.013 ) . improvements in obstructive sleep apnoea after treatment with a very low energy diet can be maintained after one year in obese men with moderate to severe disease . who lose the most weight or have severe sleep apnoea at baseline benefit most . registration Current Controlled Trials 70090382 ."
2581,Abstract #2581,"randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled flexible-dose , parallel group trial was conducted at 26 clinical investigational sites in the United States to examine the safety and efficacy of the selegiline transdermal system ( STS ) ( EMSAM ) in adolescents ( ages 12-17 years ) meeting American Psychiatric Association , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th ed . DSM-IV ) criteria for moderate to severe major depressive disorder ( MDD ) without psychotic features . ( n = 308 ) with moderate to severe MDD were randomized to either STS ( n = 152 ) or placebo ( n = 156 ) . hundred and fifteen ( 69.8 % ) subjects completed the study and 17 ( 5.5 % ) reported discontinuation because of adverse events ( AEs ) . primary efficacy outcome measure was the mean change from baseline to end of study ( week 12 last observation carried forward [ LOCF ] ) in the Children 's Depression Rating Scale-Revised ( CDRS-R ) total score . outcome measures included end-point Clinical Global Impressions - Severity ( CGI-S ) and Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement ( CGI-I ) . on STS or placebo had a significant decline from baseline ( p < 0.001 ) on their CDRS-R total score with mean reductionsSD as follows : STS 21.416.6 ; placebo 21.516.5 . groups had similar response rates ( 58.6 % vs. 59.3 % ) defined as CGI-I of 1 or 2 at study end . , these between-group efficacy findings were without statistical significance . overall incidence of reported AEs was 62.5 % for STS-treated patients and 57.7 % for placebo-treated patients . commonly reported AEs in STS or placebo groups were application site reactions ( STS = 24.3 % ; placebo = 21.8 % ) , headache ( STS = 17.1 % ; placebo = 16.7 % ) , and nausea ( STS = 7.2 % ; placebo = 7.7 % ) . groups did not differ on any laboratory parameters , vital signs , or electrocardiogram ( ECG ) findings . suspected hypertensive crises were reported in the trial . data demonstrated that the STS was safe and well tolerated in this adolescent sample . , both STS-treated and placebo-treated subjects demonstrated a decline from baseline in depressive symptoms ( CDRS-R total score ) over the length of the study , without statistical superiority by either group ."
2582,Abstract #2582,"assess the efficacy of wound infiltration with local anesthetic in reducing postoperative pain after a muscle-splitting incision for appendectomy . double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized clinical trial . Royal Columbian Hospital , a university-affiliated community hospital . patients scheduled to undergo emergency appendectomy were randomized into treatment ( 21 ) and control ( 22 ) groups . patients were excluded from the treatment group . anesthetic infiltration of the wound before incision ( treatment group ) and saline infiltration ( control group ) . analgesic requirements , pain assessment by visual analogue scale and length of hospital stay . significant difference in analgesic use was seen between the 2 groups , as measured at 3 stages ( Mc = control mean [ standard deviation ] , Mt = treatment mean [ standard deviation ] ) : ( a ) in the recovery room , intravenous morphine use was Mt = 6.6 mg [ 8.6 ] v. Mc = 10.1 mg [ 7.2 ] ; ( b ) in the first 2 postoperative days , intramuscular meperidine use was Mt = 309 mg [ 181 ] v. Mc = 278 mg [ 125 ] on day 1 and was Mt = 121 mg [ 132 ] v. Mc = 97 mg [ 128 ] on day 2 ; ( c ) in the final 5 days of follow-up , oral analgesic use was Mt = 11 [ 17 ] tablets v. Mc = 21 [ 16 ] tablets ( acetaminophen with codeine ) . assessments at rest , on a scale of 1 to 10 , were found to be no different between groups , ratings being Mt = 4.7 [ 2.1 ] v. Mc = 4.5 [ 2.0 ] on day 1 . of hospital stay averaged 3.0 days in both groups . with local anesthetic before incision does not pre-empt postoperative pain from a muscle-splitting incision used for appendectomy ."
2583,Abstract #2583,"degradation products of advanced glycation end products ( AGE peptides ) accumulate in chronic haemodialysis ( HD ) patients and may contribute to a number of HD-related long-term complications , such as accelerated atherosclerosis . influence of a single HD session versus long-term HD on serum AGE peptides was determined . patients were randomized to HD with a low-flux polysulfone ( PS ; F 6HPS ) , a high-flux PS ( F 60S ) , a superflux PS ( F 500S ) , or a superflux cellulose triacetate ( CTA ; Tricea 150G ) dialyzer . a single HD session , both AGE peptides and reference peptides decreased significantly ( AGE peptides : Tricea 150G -37.0 + / - 2.9 % ; F 6HPS -35.5 + / - 2.4 % ; F 60S -39.5 + / - 4.7 % , and F 500S -43.3 + / - 2.1 % , p = 0.005 ; reference peptides : Tricea 150G -73.2 + / - 8.8 % ; F 6HPS -73.2 + / - 7.9 % ; F 60S -72.5 + / - 8.2 % , and F 500S -74.1 + / - 7.3 % , p = 0.005 ) . 12 weeks of HD with the superflux CTA , the AGE peptide levels decreased significantly ( week 1 : 2.7 + / - 1.1 arbitrary units , week 12 : 2.5 + / - 1.2 arbitrary units , decrease 7.4 % ; p = 0.01 ) , whereas the AGE peptide levels remained unchanged after HD with each of the other three modalities . reference peptide levels did not change after 12 weeks of HD . AGE peptides can be effectively removed during a single HD session , superflux CTA seems to be the only modality capable of reducing AGE peptides in the long term ."
2584,Abstract #2584,"two-part study assessed the safety and tolerability of combined treatment with zibotentan ( ZD4054 ) , a specific endothelin A receptor antagonist , plus docetaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer . A was an open-label , dose-finding phase to determine the safety and toxicity profile of zibotentan in combination with docetaxel . received once-daily oral zibotentan 10mg ( initial cohort ) or 15mg in combination with docetaxel 75mg/m ( 2 ) ( administered on day 1 of each 21-day cycle ) for up to 10 cycles . B was a double-blind phase which evaluated the safety and preliminary activity of zibotentan plus docetaxel . were randomized 2:1 to receive zibotentan ( at the highest tolerated dose identified in part A ) plus docetaxel or placebo plus docetaxel . patients were enrolled in part A ( n = 3 , zibotentan 10mg ; n = 3 , zibotentan 15mg ) . dose-limiting toxicity was observed , thus zibotentan 15mg in combination with docetaxel was evaluated in part B ( n = 20 , zibotentan plus docetaxel ; n = 11 , placebo plus docetaxel ) . grade 3 , most commonly neutropenia or leucopenia , were reported in 10 ( 50 % ) and nine ( 82 % ) patients in the zibotentan and placebo groups , respectively . ( 17 % ) patient receiving placebo achieved complete response , two ( 22 % ) patients receiving zibotentan achieved partial response and stable disease occurred in six ( 67 % ) and three ( 50 % ) patients receiving zibotentan and placebo , respectively . tolerability of zibotentan plus docetaxel was consistent with the known profiles of each drug . preliminary activity was seen with this combination to merit continued development ."
2585,Abstract #2585,"WHO guidelines recommend antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) initiation at CD4 counts 350 cells/L . this threshold has been proposed , with a primary goal of reducing HIV-1 infectiousness . the quantity of HIV-1 in plasma is the primary predictor of HIV-1 transmission , consideration of plasma viral load in ART initiation guidelines is warranted . per-sex-act infectivity estimates and cross-sectional sexual behavior data from 2,484 HIV-1 infected persons with CD4 counts > 350 enrolled in a study of African heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples , we calculated the number of transmissions expected and the number potentially averted under selected scenarios for ART initiation : i ) CD4 count < 500 cells/L , ii ) viral load 10,000 or 50,000 copies/mL and iii ) universal treatment . each scenario , we estimated the proportion of expected infections that could be averted , the proportion of infected persons initiating treatment , and the ratio of these proportions . treatment at viral load 50,000 copies/mL would require treating 19.8 % of infected persons with CD4 counts > 350 while averting 40.5 % of expected transmissions ( ratio 2.0 ) ; treating at viral load 10,0000 copies/mL had a ratio of 1.5 . contrast , initiation at CD4 count < 500 would require treating 41.8 % , while averting 48.4 % ( ratio 1.1 ) . of viral load in ART initiation guidelines could permit targeting ART resources to HIV-1 infected persons who have a higher risk of transmitting HIV-1 . work is needed to estimate costs and feasibility ."
2586,Abstract #2586,"gradual accommodation to increasing exercise loads has been recommended for exercise testing in denervated posttransplantation heart recipients . , how the exercise protocol influence the hemodynamic , gas exchange , and hormonal response to exercise in this not been studied . heart transplant recipients tests incremental maximal bicycle ergometry tests in random order . stages of 1 and 3 minute durations were compared with matched work rate increments ranging between 30 and 40 W. Expiratory gas was measured continuously and arterial blood was sampled at each of the matched work rates . exercise duration was 6.4 + / - and 15.3 + / - 0.7 minutes for the 1-minute and 3-minute protocols , respectively . workload was significantly higher during the 1-minute versus the 3-minute protocol ( 238 + / - 9 versus 200 + / - 11 W , p < 0.001 ) , but maximal oxygen uptake was not significantly different ( 25.5 + / - 1.1 versus 26.5 + / - 1.2 ml . . ) . , metabolic , and some hormonal parameters showed marked differences between the two protocols , with significantly higher responses observed during the 3-minute protocol for heart rate , ventilation , lactate , atrial natriuretic factor , and growth hormone . ( epinephrine and norepinephrine ) and insulin responses did not differ between the two tests . expressed as a relative exercise intensity ( percentage of maximal oxygen uptake ) no differences in hormonal responses were observed between the two protocols , except for growth hormone response which remained higher during the 3-minute protocol . maximal oxygen uptake was independent of the exercise protocol in these heart transplant recipients , the exercise protocol has a major influence on the hormonal and metabolic response . delayed response observed for oxygen uptake and hormonal responses suggests a significant physiologic lag time during the more rapidly incremental protocol . differences should be taken into account when exercise is used as a method to evaluate the heart transplant recipient ."
2587,Abstract #2587,"provide information on the central hemodynamic effects of intrathecal sufentanil after a standard intravenous preload using thoracic bioimpedance monitoring to obtain noninvasive measurements of cardiac index ( CI ) , stroke index ( SI ) , and systemic vascular resistance ( SVR ) . compare hemodynamic parameters after intrathecal sufentanil labor analgesia to those after a standard dose of epidural bupivacaine in laboring parturients . , double-blind study . and delivery unit in a university hospital . ASA status I parturients were randomized into two groups receiving analgesia with combined spinal-epidural technique . SUF received 10 micrograms of intrathecal sufentanil followed by 12 ml of saline through an epidural catheter ; Group BUP received 2 ml of intrathecal saline followed by 12 ml of 0.25 % epidural bupivacaine . rate ( HR ) , blood pressure ( BP ) , and thoracic bioimpedance monitoring were recorded . scores , fetal HR , and side effects were noted . significant changes from baseline were seen in CI , SI , or SVR index . arterial pressure was lower in Group BUP at 10 and 20 minutes after induction of analgesia . HR was lower in Group SUF at 20 and 30 minutes after induction . patients in Group SUF and four patients in Group BUP experienced hypotension requiring ephedrine . scores were lower in Group SUF at 10 minutes after induction of analgesia ; subsequent pain scores and duration of analgesia were similar . patients in Group SUF experienced itching . significant differences in CI , SI , or SVR index were seen after either method of analgesia . few patients in both groups experienced hypotension requiring treatment with ephedrine . techniques of labor analgesia appear to provide effective pain relief but care must be taken with either method to monitor maternal BP ."
2588,Abstract #2588,"with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of cardiovascular disease . intima-media thickness ( IMT ) is a strong predictor of myocardial infarction and stroke . compared the effects of pioglitazone-based therapy ( 45 mg/d ) and glimepiride-based treatment ( 2.7 + / -1.6 mg/d ) for 12 and 24 weeks on metabolic control ( HbA1c ) , insulin resistance ( homeostasis model assessment ) , and carotid IMT ( B-mode ultrasonography ) in a randomized controlled study in 173 orally treated patients with type 2 diabetes ( 66 women , 107 men ; mean + / - SD age , 62.6 + / -7.9 years ; body mass index , 31.8 + / -4.6 kg/m2 ; HbA1c , 7.5 + / -0.9 % ) . was generally well tolerated in both groups . similar improvements in metabolic control ( HbA1c ) after 24 weeks ( -0.8 + / -0.9 % [ pioglitazone ] versus -0.6 + / -0.8 % [ glimepiride ] ; P = NS ) , carotid IMT was reduced only in the pioglitazone group after 12 weeks ( -0.033 + / -0.052 versus -0.002 + / -0.047 mm [ glimepiride ] ; P < 0.01 between groups ) and 24 weeks ( -0.054 + / -0.059 versus -0.011 + / -0.058 mm [ glimepiride ] ; P < 0.005 between groups ) . resistance was also improved only in the pioglitazone group ( homeostasis model assessment , -2.2 + / -3.4 versus -0.3 + / -3.3 ; P < 0.0001 between groups ) . of IMT correlated with improvement in insulin resistance ( r = 0.29 , P < 0.0005 ) and was independent of improvement in glycemic control ( r = 0.03 , P = 0.68 ) . found a substantial regression of carotid IMT , independent of improved glycemic control , after 12 and 24 weeks of pioglitazone treatment . finding may have important prognostic implications for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ."
2589,Abstract #2589,"case management has been recommended to improve the outcomes of patients with costly or morbid conditions , it has seldom been studied in controlled trials . performed a randomized , controlled clinical trial of an intensive , multidisciplinary case management program for patients with chronic renal insufficiency and followed patients for 5 years . enrolled 437 primary-care patients ( 73 % of those eligible ) with chronic renal insufficiency ( estimated creatinine clearance consistently < 50 mL/min with the last serum creatinine level > 1.4 mg/dL ) who were attending an urban academic general internal medicine practice . intensive case management , administered during the first 2 years after enrollment , consisted of mandatory repeated consultations in a nephrology case management clinic staffed by two nephrologists , a renal nurse , a renal dietitian , and a social worker . patients received usual care . outcome measurements included serum creatinine level , estimated creatinine clearance , health services use , and mortality in the 5 years after enrollment . measures included use of renal sparing and potentially nephrotoxic drugs . were no differences in renal function , health services use , or mortality in the first , second , or third through fifth years after enrollment . were significantly more outpatient visits among intervention patients , mainly because of the added visits to the nephrology case management clinic . were also no significant differences in the use of renal sparing or selected potentially nephrotoxic drugs . annual direct costs of the intervention were $ 89,355 ( $ 484 per intervention patient ) . intensive , multidisciplinary case-management intervention had no effect on the outcomes of care among primary-care patients with established chronic renal insufficiency . expensive and intrusive interventions , despite representing state-of-the-art care , should be tested prospectively before being widely introduced into practice ."
2590,Abstract #2590,"study aimed to examine whether a physical therapy intervention , designed to reduce pain and improve the neuromotor control resulted in greater improvements in stance-phase knee flexion during stair ambulation in individuals with patellofemoral pain . relationship between changes in stance-phase knee flexion and changes in pain , disability , and onset timing of individual vasti activity was also examined . participants aged 40 yr or younger diagnosed with patellofemoral pain were randomly allocated to a physical therapy ( N = 21 ) or placebo ( N = 19 ) treatment group . knee flexion was measured in two dimensions using a PEAK movement analysis system during stair ambulation . were divided into those with improvements in onset of vastus medialis obliquus ( VMO ) activity relative to that of the vastus lateralis ( VL ) of more or less than 10 ms. were similar at baseline . the 6-wk intervention , individuals in the physical therapy group had significantly greater changes in knee flexion at heel strike ( mean difference 4 degrees , 95 % CI = 2-7 degrees ) and peak stance-phase knee flexion ( mean difference 9 degrees , 95 % CI = 5-12 degrees ) than those in the placebo group . differences were noted during stair ascent . with greater change in the onset timing of the vasti had greater improvements in stance-phase knee flexion . in usual pain in the week before testing and change in the vasti onset timing were independent predictors of change in stance-phase knee flexion during stair descent , together accounting for 27-40 % of the variability in knee motion . therapy intervention resulted in significantly greater changes in knee joint motion than a placebo treatment , and these changes in knee motion were partly related to changes in pain and changes in onset timing of the vasti ."
2591,Abstract #2591,"double-blind randomized clinical trial to compare topical diltiazem with botulinum toxin A ( BTA ) in the treatment of chronic anal fissure . anal fissures remain a challenging condition . diltiazem and BTA are promising agents in the treatment of anal fissure . to date diltiazem and BTA were never compared in a solid randomized trial , which is the purpose of this study . hundred thirty-four patients were randomized to receive either diltiazem cream and placebo injection or BTA injection and placebo cream . primary end point was fissure healing after 3 months . 3 months healing of the fissure was noted in 32 of 74 ( 43 % ) patients in the diltiazem group and 26 of 60 ( 43 % ) patients in the BTA group . > 50 % in mean pain score was noted in 58 of 74 ( 78 % ) patients in the diltiazem group and 49 of 60 ( 82 % ) patients in the BTA group . itching was the only side effect reported and was noted in 15 % of patients in the diltiazem group , and this difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.012 ) . yields higher healing rates in the short term , though after 3 months diltiazem and BTA resulted in equal healing rates . no significant difference in pain reduction was observed for both treatments . study shows no significant advantage of one treatment compared to the other . randomized clinical trial is registered by the Dutch Trial Register as NTR1012 ."
2592,Abstract #2592,"assess weight change when once-daily insulin detemir ( detemir ) or neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin ( NPH ) are used in already overweight Type 2 diabetes patients requiring intensified insulin therapy . 26-week randomized , controlled trial included adults with Type 2 diabetes [ glycated haemoglobin ( HbA ( 1c ) ) 7.5-11 .0 % , body mass index ( BMI ) 25-40 kg/m ( 2 ) ] who had received two daily doses of insulin ( at least one a premix ) for > or = 3 months . received either detemir ( n = 125 ) or NPH ( n = 146 ) once daily in the evening and insulin aspart at main meals . treatment with metformin was allowed . insulin was titrated to a pre-breakfast plasma glucose target of 6.1 mmol/l without unacceptable hypoglycaemia . aspart was also titrated ( target , postprandial glucose < or = 10.0 mmol/l without unacceptable hypoglycaemia ) . 26 weeks , weight had increased significantly less with detemir ( 0.4 kg ) than with NPH ( 1.9 kg ; difference 1.5 kg , P < 0.0001 ) . increase was also less with detemir than with NPH ( difference 0.6 kg/m ( 2 ) , P < 0.0001 ) . ( 1c ) decreased from 8.9 to 7.8 % ( detemir ) and from 8.8 to 7.8 % ( NPH ; not significant for between-treatment difference ) . of hypoglycaemia was lower with detemir [ relative risks 0.62 ( all events ) and 0.43 ( nocturnal ) ; P < 0.0001 for both ] . BMI was the first study to examine the effect of once-daily detemir with weight as the primary endpoint in a large population of overweight Type 2 diabetes patients . of once-daily detemir for intensification of insulin therapy resulted in less weight gain , less hypoglycaemia and equivalent glycaemic control compared with NPH ."
2593,Abstract #2593,"is a paucity of data on the use of optimal medical therapy ( OMT ) in patients with complex coronary artery disease undergoing revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) and its long-term prognostic significance . Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery ( SYNTAX ) trial is a multicenter , randomized , clinical trial of patients ( n = 1800 ) with complex coronary disease randomized to revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or CABG . drug history was collected for all patients at discharge and at the 1-month , 6-month , 1-year , 3-year , and 5-year follow-ups . was defined as the combination of at least 1 antiplatelet drug , statin , - blocker , and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker . clinical outcomes were stratified by OMT and non-OMT . was underused in patients treated with coronary revascularization , especially CABG . was an independent predictor of survival . was associated with a significant reduction in mortality ( hazard ratio , 0.64 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.48-0 .85 ; P = 0.002 ) and composite end point of death/myocardial infarction/stroke ( hazard ratio , 0.73 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.58-0 .92 ; P = 0.007 ) at the 5-year follow-up . treatment effect with OMT ( 36 % relative reduction in mortality over 5 years ) was greater than the treatment effect of revascularization strategy ( 26 % relative reduction in mortality with CABG versus percutaneous coronary intervention over 5 years ) . stratified analysis , all the components of OMT were important for reducing adverse outcomes regardless of revascularization strategy . use of OMT remains low in patients with complex coronary disease requiring coronary intervention with percutaneous coronary intervention and even lower in patients treated with CABG . of OMT is associated with adverse clinical outcomes . strategies to improve OMT use in postrevascularization patients are warranted . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00114972 ."
2594,Abstract #2594,"randomized , double-blind , prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of magnesium sulphate on anaesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total i.v. anaesthesia ( TIVA ) . patients who underwent gynaecological surgery were randomly divided into two groups . induction of anaesthesia , the magnesium group ( Group M ) received magnesium sulphate 50 mg kg ( -1 ) i.v. as a bolus and then 15 mg kg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) i.v. by continuous infusion . control group ( Group S ) received the same amount of isotonic saline . ( propofol + remifentanil ) was administered under bispectral index monitoring during anaesthesia induction and maintenance . was administered before orotracheal intubation and during surgery when the train-of-four count was 2 or more . operation , patient-controlled analgesia with a solution of ketorolac and morphine was used and the consumption of this solution was recorded . scores at rest and upon movement were evaluated 30 min , 4 , 24 , and 48 h after surgery . in Group M required less rocuronium than those in Group S [ mean ( SD ) 0.44 ( 0.09 ) vs 0.35 ( 0.07 ) microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) , P < 0.05 ] . total amounts of propofol and remifentanil administered were similar in the two groups . pain scores , cumulative analgesic consumption , and shivering incidents were significantly lower in Group M ( P < 0.05 ) . arterial pressure just after intubation and during the immediate postoperative period was also significantly lower in Group M ( P < 0.05 ) . magnesium sulphate during TIVA reduced rocuronium requirement and improved the quality of postoperative analgesia ."
2595,Abstract #2595,"investigate the feasibility and the efficacy of expiration under positive pressure ( PEP mask ) as a chest physiotherapy in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure ( AHRF ) requiring non-invasive positive pressure ventilation ( NIPPV ) . prospective , randomised , controlled study . respiratory intensive care unit . patients with large amounts of bronchial secretions on clinical examination due to exacerbation of COPD and mild acidosis were randomly divided into two groups . A ( 13 patients ) received PEP mask plus assisted coughing . controls ( group B , 14 patients ) received assisted coughing alone . primary end point was to compare total sputum wet weight and to assess the feasibility of the PEP mask . outcomes were : ( a ) the time required for weaning patients from NIPPV , ( b ) treatment failure expressed as mortality within 2 months after discharge from the respiratory intensive care unit ( RICU ) or the need for endotracheal intubation ( ETI ) . amount of sputum production at the end of physiotherapy was significantly ( p < 0.01 ) higher in group A ( 9.6 + / -3.9 g ) compared with group B ( 4.7 + / -2.5 g ) . total length of weaning time was significantly lower in group A ( 4.9 + / -0.8 days ) versus group B ( 7.0 + / -0.7 days ) , p < 0.01 . and ETI were not significantly different in the two groups of patients ( 0 versus 1 and 0 versus 1 , respectively ) . under positive pressure was effective in acutely removing secretions in patients with exacerbation of COPD and mild acidosis requiring NIPPV . conclusion , we suggest that this chest physiotherapy technique represents a useful therapeutic option for such patients and it should often be performed in addition to NIPPV ."
2596,Abstract #2596,"compare the preemptive analgesic efficacy between parecoxib and placebo in infertile women undergoing outpatient diagnostic laparoscopy . , randomized , placebo-controlled study ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand . infertile women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy from November 2009 to January 2011 . were randomized to receive either 40 mg parecoxib ( treatment group ) or normal saline solution as placebo ( control group ) intravenously at 15 minutes before surgery . shoulder and wound pain was self-assessed using a visual analog scale at 2 , 6 , 12 , and 24 hours after surgery . of rescue analgesic agents , and adverse effects were recorded . were 30 patients in each group . pain scores at each time measured , as well as wound pain score , was significantly lower in the parecoxib group compared with the placebo group ( p < .001 ) . percentage of patients who required postoperative rescue analgesic therapy was lower in the treatment group compared with the control group ( 26.7 % and 40.0 % , respectively ; p = .04 ) . treatment group required less rescue analgesic therapy than did the control group ( mean [ SD ] , 314.8 [ 53.9 ] and 842.6 [ 122.7 ] mg acetaminophen ; p = .04 ) . was no significant difference in adverse effects between the 2 groups . administration of 40 mg parecoxib , compared with placebo , provided significantly superior postoperative pain relief after diagnostic laparoscopy ."
2597,Abstract #2597,"pancreatitis has a highly variable clinical course . and reliable predictors for the severity of acute pancreatitis are lacking . appears to be a useful predictor of disease severity and outcome in a variety of clinical conditions . study aims to investigate the predictive value of proteinuria on admission for the severity of acute pancreatitis compared with other commonly used predictors ; the APACHE II score , Modified Glasgow score and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) . is a post-hoc analysis of 64 patients admitted with acute pancreatitis treated in one teaching hospital , who participated in a previous randomized trial . was defined as a Protein/Creatinine ( P/C ) ratio > 23 mg/mmol . primary endpoint was severe acute pancreatitis . endpoints included infectious complications , need for invasive intervention , ICU stay and in-hospital mortality . was present in 30/64 patients ( 47 % ) . patients ( 17 % ) had severe acute pancreatitis . was no difference in incidence of severe acute pancreatitis between patients with and without proteinuria : 6/30 patients ( 20 % ) versus 5/34 patients ( 15 % ) respectively ( p = 0.58 ) . , the occurrence of infectious complications , need for intervention and ICU stay and mortality did not differ significantly ( p = 0.58 , p = 0.99 , p = 0.33 and p = 0.60 respectively ) . diagnostic performance of the P/C ratio for the prediction of severe pancreatitis was inferior to the Modified Glasgow score ( p = 0.04 ) and CRP ( p = 0.03 ) . on admission does not seem to be a reliable predictor for disease severity in acute pancreatitis . diagnostic performance of the P/C ratio is inferior to the Modified Glasgow score and CRP ."
2598,Abstract #2598,"assess the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide 150 mg ( ` Casodex ' ( 1 ) ) as immediate therapy , either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent , in patients with early ( T1b-T4 , any N , M0 ) prostate cancer . randomised , double-blind study was conducted in the Nordic countries as part of the ` Casodex ' Early Prostate Cancer programme . received bicalutamide 150 mg ( n = 607 ) or placebo ( n = 611 ) in addition to standard care . than 80 % of patients had not received therapy of primary curative intent . follow-up in both groups was 3 years . exposure to study treatment in the bicalutamide and standard care alone groups was 2.5 and 2.3 years , respectively . reduced the risk of objective disease progression by 57 % compared with standard care alone ( HR 0.43 ; 95 % CI 0.34 , 0.55 ; p << 0.0001 ) . data were immature ( 11.4 % deaths ) with no difference between the two treatment groups . 150 mg as immediate therapy , either alone or as adjuvant to treatment of curative intent , significantly reduces the risk of disease progression in patients with early prostate cancer . trial is ongoing to assess whether the reduction in risk of objective progression translates into an overall survival benefit ."
2599,Abstract #2599,"examined whether the addition of another conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ( DMARDs ) to methotrexate ( MTX ) upon infliximab ( IFX ) discontinuation in well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) patients could suppress subsequent disease flare . patients maintaining DAS28-CRP ( Disease Activity Score of 28 joints with C-reactive protein ) scores < 2.6 for 6 months with IFX were randomized either to receive addition of bucillamine ( BUC ) to MTX ( BUC + MTX group ; n = 24 ) or not ( MTX group ; n = 31 ) upon discontinuing IFX . primary endpoint was the flare rate within 2 years of IFX discontinuation . patients discontinuing MTX during the study were excluded from analyses . patients ( 63.0 % ) experienced flares in the MTX group , which was significantly reduced in the BUC + MTX group ( 31.8 % ; p = 0.045 ) . , the flare rates differed significantly between remission and non-remission by a Boolean definition upon IFX discontinuation in the MTX group ( 40.0 % vs. 91.7 % , respectively ; p = 0.014 ) , but they were comparable in the BUC + MTX group . treatment was interrupted in seven patients due to rash , proteinuria and incompliance . combination therapy may be a better treatment strategy than MTX monotherapy for maintaining RA control after successful discontinuation of biological agents ."
2600,Abstract #2600,"compare the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin 0.5 % ophthalmic solution ( Quixin ) with placebo for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis . this prospective , randomised , placebo controlled , double masked , multicentre study , 249 patients with bacterial conjunctivitis received either 0.5 % levofloxacin ( n = 126 ) or placebo ( n = 123 ) for 5 days , administered every 2 hours on days 1-2 , then every 4 hours on days 3-5 . were obtained and signs/symptoms evaluated at baseline , interim , and final visits . end point was the last evaluable observation . microbial outcomes were based on culture results ; clinical outcomes were based on resolution of cardinal signs . patients ( 60 levofloxacin , 57 placebo ) were evaluated . eradication rates were significantly greater with levofloxacin at all time points , reaching 90 % at end point . a subgroup analysis , differences in eradication rates at end point were most pronounced in children but were also statistically significant for levofloxacin in adults . cure rates were significantly greater with levofloxacin at final visit and end point . significant differences favouring levofloxacin were measured at end point for resolution of conjunctival discharge , bulbar conjunctival injection , palpebral conjunctival injection , burning/stinging , itching , and photophobia . events were similar between groups . composite scores analysed by age indicated significantly fewer children on levofloxacin experienced worsening symptoms . 0.5 % ophthalmic solution is safe and effective for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis ."
2601,Abstract #2601,"ability of the incretin mimetic exenatide to improve glycaemic control and reduce body weight was assessed over 82 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycaemic control with maximally effective doses of metformin . this interim 82-week analysis , 150 ( total cohort ) of an eligible population of 183 patients opted to continue exenatide treatment in an uncontrolled open-label extension of a 30-week double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . these , 92 patients ( completer cohort ) achieved 82 weeks of exenatide therapy . continued metformin throughout the study . the end of the placebo-controlled trial , exenatide resulted in an haemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) reduction from baseline of -1.0 + / - 0.1 % ( mean + / - SE ) ( exenatide treatment arms ) , with durable HbA1c reductions after 82 weeks of -1.3 + / - 0.1 % . percent of patients who achieved HbA1c < or = 7 % at weeks 30 and 82 was 46 and 59 % respectively . 30 weeks , exenatide caused a reduction in weight from baseline of -3.0 + / - 0.6 kg , with a progressive reduction in weight of -5.3 + / - 0.8 kg after 82 weeks . addition , exenatide treatment produced clinically significant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors after 82 weeks . most frequent adverse event after 30 and 82 weeks of exenatide was nausea , which was generally of mild-or-moderate intensity . decreased in incidence after initiation in the controlled trial and the uncontrolled open-label extension . was rare , with no severe events . was generally well tolerated , producing a durable reduction in HbA1c and a progressive reduction in weight over 82 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycaemic control with metformin ."
2602,Abstract #2602,"carried out to date suggest that the interrupted suture technique using U-Clips for anastomoses in coronary surgery may be superior to the standard running polypropylene suture . purpose of this study was to compare safety and effectiveness of a central T-graft anastomosis constructed with the left internal thoracic artery ( LITA ) in situ ( to the left anterior descending ( LAD ) ) in which the free right internal thoracic artery ( to the circumflex branch of the right coronary artery ( RCX ) ) was implanted ( RITA-to-LITA ) using either self-closing nitinol U-Clips or simple continuous suture . hypothesized that internal thoracic arteries could adapt their diameter to the blood flow . patients underwent total arterial revascularization using a T-graft constructed with free LITA in situ to LAD in which the free RITA to the circumflex artery was implanted ( central T-graft anastomosis ) . all cases , free RITA was used as a sequential graft with two peripheral anastomoses . were randomly assigned to two groups : in group A ( n = 15 ) , central T-graft anastomosis was performed using a standard 8/0 polypropylene running suture . group B ( n = 15 ) , central T-graft anastomosis was performed using U-Clips . transit time flow measurements were recorded . control was performed in 30 patients 2 weeks and 6 months postoperatively , using 64-slice computed tomography ( CT ) angiography . diameter of the LITA was measured proximal and distal and the diameter of the RITA distal to the central T-graft anastomosis . results were similar in the two groups ( P = ns ) . transit time flow measurement showed patent grafts in all patients . were no hospital deaths . weeks postoperatively , all grafts were patent . 6-month follow-up , one RITA and one LITA ( both in group B ) were closed distal to the central T-graft anastomosis . was no death and no re-intervention during follow-up . analysis showed no significant changes in graft diameters after 2 weeks and 6 months in both groups . U-Clip anastomosis technique is in our experience safe but not superior to the standard running suture using polypropylene material . of the ITA grafts close to the central T-graft anastomosis was neither observed for the standard running suture nor for the U-Clip anastomoses ."
2603,Abstract #2603,"evaluate a walking program incorporating real-time biofeedback to reduce asymmetric limb loading after total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) . clinical intervention . laboratory . were screened for confounding disorders that could affect their gait other than unilateral THA . included 28 subjects who were evaluated a minimum of 2 months after surgery and ambulatory without assistive devices . subjects were assigned to a feedback , no-feedback , or control group . feedback group walked on a treadmill 15 minutes , 3 times a week for 8 weeks while matching step-to-step reaction forces . walking without feedback had equal time . control group did not train . indices for peak limb-loading force , rate of rise of loading force , and impulse calculated from vertical foot-ground forces . index changes were evaluated using 2-factor , repeated-measures analyses of variance with a Tukey post hoc test . rate and impulse equalization improved for the feedback group ( P < .01 ) . rate equalization improved for the no-feedback group ( P = .01 ) . were no changes for the control group . preliminary study suggests that a treadmill walking program may help persons with a THA achieve a more symmetric gait . investigation of the potential benefits of a rehabilitation program incorporating treadmill walking with and without biofeedback is recommended ."
2604,Abstract #2604,"three separate models that included total body mass , total lean and total fat mass , and abdominal and thigh fat as independent measures , we determined their association with knee joint loads in older overweight and obese adults with knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) . depots were quantified using computed tomography , and total lean and fat mass were determined with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in 176 adults ( age , 66.3 yr ; body mass index , 33.5 kgm ) with radiographic knee OA . moments and joint bone-on-bone forces were calculated using gait analysis and musculoskeletal modeling . total body mass was significantly associated ( P 0.0001 ) with greater knee compressive and shear forces , compressive and shear impulses ( P < 0.0001 ) , patellofemoral forces ( P < 0.006 ) , and knee extensor moments ( P = 0.003 ) . analysis with total lean and total fat mass as independent variables revealed significant positive associations of total fat mass with knee compressive ( P = 0.0001 ) , shear ( P < 0.001 ) , and patellofemoral forces ( P = 0.01 ) and knee extension moment ( P = 0.008 ) . and quadriceps forces were positively associated with total fat mass . lean mass was associated with knee compressive force ( P = 0.002 ) . regression model that included total thigh and total abdominal fat found that both were significantly associated with knee compressive and shear forces ( P 0.04 ) . fat was associated with knee abduction ( P = 0.03 ) and knee extension moment ( P = 0.02 ) . fat , consisting predominately of subcutaneous fat , had similar significant associations with knee joint forces as abdominal fat despite its much smaller volume and could be an important therapeutic target for people with knee OA ."
2605,Abstract #2605,"in diabetic patients has been shown to accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis and angiotensin II type-I ( AT1 ) receptor blocker ( ARB ) has been shown to have anti-atherosclerosis action independent of its action on blood pressure . 2 diabetic patients with hypertension received either ARB ( candesartan ) , or a calcium channel blocker ( CCB ; amlodipine or nifedipine ) for 12 weeks . clinical parameters such as blood glucose , HbA1c , and systolic and diastolic pressure were not significantly changed between the two groups , brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( baPWV ) was significantly reduced in the candesartan group when compared to CCB groups . , candesartan treatment exhibited a tendency of reduction in inflammation markers such as high sensitive C-reactive protein ( hsCRP ) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) . conclude that candesartan may improve vascular inflammation independent of its effect on hypertension in diabetes , thus suggesting its efficacy in diabetic patients ."
2606,Abstract #2606,"conducted a randomized , double-blinded study to test our hypothesis that caudal blockade as preemptive analgesia for low back surgery might accelerate time to walking exercise following surgery and reduce postoperative analgesics , thereby attaining faster recovery of cognitive function . study included 51 elderly patients > 70 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) physical status 1-3 , who underwent lumbosacral surgery under general anesthesia . anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation , patients in the study group ( group B ) were injected with simple 0.5 % bupivacaine [ 10 ml x height ( m ) ] as a caudal block 15 min before surgical incision , whereas patients in the control group ( group C ) received normal saline . surgery , patients had access to intravenous patient-administered analgesia ( IV PCA ) , fentanyl , for postoperative pain relief . assessed Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) scores before and after the surgery , values of visual analog scale ( VAS ) for postoperative analgesic status , fentanyl consumption during and for 3 days after surgery , and time to begin walking exercise after surgery . value of group B patients was significantly lower than those in group C throughout the postoperative 48-h period ( p < 0.005 ) , and group B patients began walking exercise significantly earlier than those in group C [ mean + / - standard deviation ( SD ) 70.2 ( 14.3 ) in group C , and 61.9 ( 7.6 ) in group B ; p = 0.0133 ] . function level was higher in group B than in group C patients 24 h after operation . blockade as preemptive analgesia shortened the time to start walking exercise after surgery and accelerated recovery of postoperative cognitive function ."
2607,Abstract #2607,"aim of this study was to estimate the effect of an antihelminthic drug , given at booking and at term to antenatal care visits , on the prevalence of anaemia at term and 4 months post-partum in Rufiji district , Tanzania , the area with high prevalence of intestinal parasites . cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted on 3080 pregnant women . of these 1475 ( study arm ) received albendazole and 1605 ( control arm ) placebo . women also received routine daily iron folate supplements ( 36 mg iron and 5 mg folate ) , and sulphadoxine pyramethamine ( SP ) to prevent malaria . levels were assessed at booking , at term and 4 months post-partum . term , median and mean haemoglobin level and the prevalence of severe ( < 70 g/l ) and moderate ( 70-104 g/l ) anaemia did not differ . reduction in the prevalence of anaemia from booking to term , was significantly larger in the study arm compared to control arm ( 26.1 % vs. 18.8 % ; p < 0.001 ) . four months postpartum , mean haemoglobin was higher in the study arm compared to the control arm ( 118 vs. 113 ; p < 0.0001 ) while the reduction in proportion of women with anaemia ( Hb < 105 g/dl ) was significantly lower ( 30.6 vs. 21.2 ; p < 0.0001 ) in the study arm compared to the control arm . findings support WHO 's recommendation for anthelmintic treatment during pregnancy . benefits for deworming may be limited in areas with an antenatal iron supplementation programme or low intensity of hookworm infections and hence future research should be directed towards the cost-effectiveness of the de-worming compared to other interventions for reducing anaemia in pregnancy ."
2608,Abstract #2608,"iron deficiency is a major cause of anemia , other micronutrient deficiencies may also play a role . examined whether multiple micronutrient supplementation is more efficacious than is supplementation with iron and folic acid alone for improving the hemoglobin and iron status of anemic adolescent girls in Bangladesh . ( hemoglobin < 12.0 g/dL ) girls ( n = 197 ) aged 14-18 y from rural schools in Dhaka District were entered into a randomized double-blind trial and received twice-weekly supplements of iron and folic acid ( IFA group ) or multiple micronutrients ( 15 micronutrients , including iron and folic acid ; MMN group ) for 12 wk . recruitment , the characteristics of the girls in the 2 groups were not significantly different , except for family size and body mass index . the end of the study , although both groups benefited significantly from supplementation , mean changes in hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations were not significantly different between groups . with the IFA group , girls in the MMN group had significantly greater increases in mean serum vitamin A , plasma vitamin C , red blood cell folic acid , and riboflavin concentrations ( assessed as erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient ) . 12 wk of supplementation , only the prevalence of vitamins A and C and riboflavin deficiencies decreased more significantly in the MMN group than in the IFA group . MMN supplementation for 12 wk significantly improved the status of the micronutrients assessed but was not more efficacious than was supplementation with iron and folic acid alone in improving the hematologic status of anemic adolescent girls . frequent doses may be needed to achieve full benefit ."
2609,Abstract #2609,"is known about the transfer of essential fatty acids ( FAs ) across the human blood-brain barrier ( BBB ) in adulthood . this study , we investigated whether oral supplementation with omega-3 ( n-3 ) FAs would change the FA profile of the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) . total of 33 patients ( 18 receiving the n-3 FA supplement and 15 receiving placebo ) were included in the study . patients were participants in the double-blind , placebo-controlled randomized OmegAD study in which 204 patients with mild Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) received 2.3 g n-3 FA [ high in docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) ] or placebo daily for 6 months . FA levels were related to changes in plasma FA and to CSF biomarkers of AD and inflammation . 6 months , the n-3 FA supplement group displayed significant increases in CSF ( and plasma ) eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) , DHA and total n-3 FA levels ( P < 0.01 ) , whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group . in CSF and plasma levels of EPA and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid were strongly correlated , in contrast to those of DHA . in DHA levels in CSF were inversely correlated with CSF levels of total and phosphorylated tau , and directly correlated with soluble interleukin-1 receptor type II . , the more DHA increased in CSF , the greater the change in CSF AD/inflammatory biomarkers . supplementation with n-3 FAs conferred changes in the n-3 FA profile in CSF , suggesting transfer of these FAs across the BBB in adults ."
2610,Abstract #2610,"sensitization depends upon the amount of allergen per unit skin area and is largely independent of the area size . study aimed at testing if this also applies for elicitation of nickel allergy . nickel allergic individuals were tested with a patch test and a repeated open application test ( ROAT ) . was applied on small and large areas . varying parameters were area , total dose and dose per unit area . the patch test , at a low concentration [ 15 microg nickel ( microg Ni ) / cm ( 2 ) ] , there were significantly higher scores on the large area with the same dose per area as the small area . higher concentrations of nickel , no significant differences were found . the ROAT at low concentration ( 6.64 microg Ni/cm ( 2 ) ) , it was found that the latency period until a reaction appeared was significantly shorter on the large area compared to the small area . was also found that the ROAT threshold ( per application ) was lower than the patch test threshold . elicitation of nickel allergy , the size of the exposed area and therefore the total amount of applied nickel , influence the elicitation reaction at some concentrations , even though the same dose per unit area is applied ."
2611,Abstract #2611,"the ministernotomy is extensively used in the repair of congenital heart defects all over the world , whether this approach has additional advantages over the conventional full sternotomy is not well established . prospective study was designed to evaluate the effects of lower ministernotomy in the repair of congenital heart defects . hundred patients who underwent repair of atrial or ventricular septal defects were randomly divided into two groups : lower ministernotomy group ( n = 50 ) , and full sternotomy group ( n = 50 ) . clinical indexes of each procedure were recorded and analyzed . age , sex , and types of cardiac defects were comparable between the two groups . times , bypass times , intensive care unit stay , and ventilation duration were similar in both groups . procedure time ( from skin to skin ) was longer in the lower ministernotomy group than in the full sternotomy group ( p < 0.001 ) . was less drainage in the lower ministernotomy group than in the full sternotomy group for the first 24 hours after operation ( 186 + / - 99 mL/m2 versus 237 + / - 134 mL/m2 , p = 0.03 ) but no significant difference in transfusions between the two groups . hospital stay was shorter in the lower ministernotomy group than in the full sternotomy group ( 6.5 + / - 1.2 days versus 7.5 + / - 1.8 days , p = 0.02 ) . is as safe and effective as a full sternotomy in the repair of simple congenital heart defects in older children and adults . , this small incision reduces the postoperative drainage , shortens hospital stay , and provides better cosmetic results . times are longer ."
2612,Abstract #2612,"low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) immune complexes ( IC ) have proinflammatory properties and play a role in albuminuria development . measured oxidized LDL ( oxLDL ) and advanced glycation end-product ( AGE ) - LDL in IC isolated from sera of Type 1 diabetic subjects followed for 14-20 years and studied their association with abnormal albuminuria . with albumin excretion rates ( AER ) < 40 mg/24 h at baseline and follow-up ( n = 302 ) were deemed resistant to developing abnormal albuminuria . with AER < 40 mg/24 h at baseline whose AER levels progressed to > 40 mg/24 h were considered prone to abnormal albuminuria ( n = 185 ) , those who progress to AER > 299 mg/24 h were considered as having macroalbuminuria ( n = 57 ) . odds of developing abnormal albuminuria were estimated by logistic regression based on natural log-transformed levels of oxLDL and AGE-LDL in IC and stratified by baseline AER decile . and AGE-LDL were significantly higher in IC isolated from patients progressing to abnormal albuminuria . unadjusted conditional logistic analysis , an increase of 1 SD in oxLDL and AGE-LDL levels in IC significantly increased the odds ratio ( OR ) for development of macroalbuminuria , respectively , by a factor of 2.5 and 1.8 ( P < 0.001 , P = 0.008 ) . increased odds of developing macroalbuminuria remained significant when adjusted for treatment group , diabetes duration , retinopathy , baseline hemoglobin A1c and LDL ( OR = 2.5 and 1.8 , respectively , P < 0.01 ) . levels of oxLDL and AGE-LDL in circulating IC were associated with increased odds to develop abnormal albuminuria ."
2613,Abstract #2613,"( MTX ) is a cornerstone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . in general MTX is very effective , the major drawback is the large inter-patient variability in clinical response . circulating levels of MTX polyglutamates ( MTXPGs ) are supposed to correlate with clinical efficacy , therefore having a potential role in drug monitoring . , there is a controversial discussion about the importance of methotrexate polyglutamates as outcome parameters in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis . aim of the present study was to investigate the formation and pharmacokinetics of MTXPGs and to correlate their concentration with clinical response in MTX-nave patients . pharmacokinetics of erythrocyte MTXPGs was determined in samples of nineteen MTX-nave patients by high pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) using post-column photo-oxidation and fluorimetric detection . relationship between erythrocyte concentrations of MTXPGs and the primary outcome parameter DAS-28 was assessed using the Spearman 's correlation coefficient . short-chain polyglutamate MTXPG2 revealed to be a potential marker for clinical outcome in rheumatoid arthritis with a statistically significant positive correlation of MTXPG2 Cmax levels and improvement in DAS-28 ( +0.518 , p = 0.023 ) over 16 weeks . , Cmax levels of MTXPG2 negatively correlated with basophils ( -0.478 , p = 0.038 ) and eosinophils ( -0.531 , p = 0.019 ) , both pro-inflammatory cells involved in the disease . seems to be a potential indicator for clinical response and may serve as a marker for drug monitoring ."
2614,Abstract #2614,"vaginal products are self-administered at bedtime . , efficacy , and ' therapeutic cure with bedtime versus daytime treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis ( VVC ) were assessed to potentially improve compliance and convenience with vaginal antifungal treatment . non-inferiority study evaluated 573 women with symptoms of WC , randomized to daytime or bedtime self-administration of single dose of miconazole nitrate 1200 mg vaginal ovule ( Monistat-1 ) . ( n = 149 ) were evaluated for efficacy in the Daytime group and 163 in the Bedtime group . the Daytime group , 86 ( 57.7 % ) participants achieved therapeutic cure , with 105 ( 70.5 % ) and 111 ( 74.5 % ) exhibiting mycologic and clinical cures , respectively . the Bedtime group , 83 ( 50.9 % ) subjects achieved therapeutic cure , with 104 ( 63.8 % ) and 120 ( 73.6 % ) exhibiting mycologic and clinical cures , respectively ( NS ) . was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the two groups . estimated time to initial relief of itching , burning and irritation was similar for both . nitrate 2 % cream was also applied twice daily to the vulvar area for external symptoms for up to 7 days . was assessed 21 days-30 days following administration of intra-vaginal drug . to vulvovaginal symptomatic relief and the effect of activity following daytime administration on therapeutic cure were also assessed . efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens and acceptability of daytime and bedtime administration of miconazole nitrate 1200 mg vaginal ovule were similar . findings offer women a convenient option for treatment for WC , whether self-managed or managed by their healthcare provider ."
2615,Abstract #2615,"determine if vecuronium doses individualized by peripheral nerve stimulation are lower than those doses chosen by standard clinical techniques ; and to determine whether patients monitored by peripheral nerve stimulation exhibit shorter recovery times and less prolonged neuromuscular blockade after discontinuation of vecuronium than control patients . prospective , randomized , controlled , single-blind trial . ten-bed medical intensive care units of a 937-bed tertiary care , not-for-profit , teaching hospital and health system . ventilated patients requiring continuous neuromuscular blockade as part of their therapy . obtaining written , informed consent and baseline neurologic examinations , patients were randomized to treatment , where dosing was individualized by peripheral nerve stimulation or standard clinical assessment . in the peripheral nerve stimulation group were adjusted to 90 % blockade ( Train-of-Four of 1/4 ) . standard clinical dosing group received doses individualized to clinical response by the medical team ( blinded to Train-of-Four ) . between groups were evaluated by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test . total of 77 patients ( 35 standard clinical patients vs. 42 peripheral nerve stimulation patients ) were enrolled in the study . no difference in initial doses and time to reach 90 % blockade or clinical response between groups , the peripheral nerve stimulation group used less drug than the standard clinical group ( 0.040 + / - 0.028 vs. 0.070 + / - 0.030 mg/kg/hr , respectively , p = .001 ) . total cumulative amount of vecuronium for the episode of paralysis was greater in the control group ( 285.8 + / - 246.6 vs. 137.1 + / - 106.4 mg , p = .001 ) . peripheral nerve stimulation group recovered neuromuscular function ( relative risk of 1.85 , with 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] of 1.02-3 .35 , p = .039 ) and spontaneous ventilation ( relative risk of 1.86 , 95 % CI 1.00-3 .45 , p = .047 ) faster than the control group . patients , adjusting for renal dysfunction , the likelihood of a faster recovery in the peripheral nerve stimulation group increased for neuromuscular function ( relative risk of 1.89 , 95 % CI of 1.07-3 .32 , p = .018 ) and spontaneous ventilation ( relative risk of 2.27 , 95 % CI of 1.23-4 .21 , p = .019 ) . with combined renal and liver failure similarly demonstrated a faster recovery in the peripheral nerve stimulation group . recovery was affected to a lesser extent by adjusting for concurrent aminoglycoside and corticosteroid administration . of peripheral nerve stimulation for monitoring the degree of blockade and adjusting drug doses in continuously paralyzed critically ill medical patients results in lower doses of vecuronium to maintain a desired depth of paralysis , and allows a faster recovery of neuromuscular function and spontaneous ventilation ."
2616,Abstract #2616,"study assessed efficacy of clarithromycin `` long-term '' macrolide therapy as an adjunct to maintenance therapy with nasal corticosteroids to prevent recurrence of nasal polyps ( NP ) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery ( FESS ) . total of 66 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and bilateral NP were randomized into 3 study arms , 22 patients in each arm . FESS , patients in the first and second groups were treated with clarithromycin 250 mg/day for 12 and 24 weeks , respectively , whereas patients in the third group did not receive any clarithromycin . in all 3 groups received maintenance therapy with mometasone furoate 400 g/day . assessment was conducted before the surgery and 6 , 12 , and 24 weeks after surgery , using a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , 20-item SinoNasal Outcome Test ( SNOT-20 ) , acoustic rhinometry , rhinomanometry , saccharin transit time , nasal endoscopy , computed tomography ( CT ) of paranasal sinuses , and measurement of the level of eosinophil cationic protein ( ECP ) in their nasal secretions . study confirmed efficacy of `` long-term '' macrolide therapy , resulting in significant improvement of all parameters except acoustic rhinometry and VAS in both clarithromycin groups as compared to the control . of ECP in the nasal secretions increased dramatically after surgery , then returned to baseline levels after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment with clarithromycin . the control group , ECP level continued to increase and was significantly higher at the endpoint . groups with clarithromycin showed significantly better endoscopic and CT scores than the control group at the end point . Long-term '' low-dose clarithromycin 250 mg/day is able to control eosinophilic inflammation and prevent early relapse of NP after FESS ."
2617,Abstract #2617,"and anatomic results of pars plana vitrectomy were compared with panretinal photocoagulation in cases of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy . randomized controlled clinical trial ; randomization and allocation to trial group were carried out by a central computer system . studied 180 eyes of 180 patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy , half with tractional retinal detachment not involving the macula ( n = 90 ) . were treated by pars plana vitrectomy ( n = 90 ) and some by panretinal photocoagulation ( n = 90 ) . were randomly divided into 2 groups . 1 was treated with pars plana vitrectomy , membrane and internal limited membrane peeling , panretinal photocoagulation , and focal or grid macular laser . 2 was treated with panretinal photocoagulation and focal or grid macular laser . was at least 12 months . preoperative visual acuities and ophthalmic fundus characteristics were compared across groups . year postoperation , visual acuity ( the primary endpoint ) in group 1 improved in 30 eyes ( 33 % ) ; was unchanged in 22 eyes ( 25 % ) ; and decreased in 38 eyes ( 42 % ) . group 2 , visual acuity improved in 32 eyes ( 35 % ) ; was unchanged in 42 eyes ( 47 % ) ; and decreased in 16 eyes ( 18 % ) . percentage of improvement in the 2 groups was not statistically significant ( p = 0.75 ) , whereas the stabilized ( p = 0.002 ) and worsened eyes ( p = 0.0003 ) in group 1 and group 2 were significantly different . cases of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy , even with tractional retinal detachment not involving macula , it is best to defer vitrectomy unless definite progression that threatens the vascular center is documented ."
2618,Abstract #2618,"individual 's current status of physical activity and nutrition and readiness to change can be determined using PACE assessment forms . have suggested that feedback on the fitness and health components can produce a change in a subject 's awareness of their behaviour and thereby lead to a beneficial change in stage of behaviour change . evaluate the short term effect of personalised feedback on fitness and health status on self reported appraisal of the stage of change . total of 299 civil servants were randomised to an intervention or a reference group . having been tested for fitness and health , the intervention group received immediate feedback on their test results , whereas the reference group did not . assessment forms were completed twice : before testing and after testing ( reference group ) , or after testing and feedback ( intervention group ) . time interval between was one hour . influence of feedback was determined using a x ( 2 ) test and analysis of variance . the basis of the x ( 2 ) test , no significant effect of feedback was found on the stage of change of physical activity , nor on the stage of change with regard to nutrition . of variance results showed no significant effect on the raw PACE score as to physical activity , intake of fruit and vegetables and dietary fat . , a significant effect was observed on the PACE score of `` calorie intake and weight management '' . in the intervention group significantly more often regressed on their PACE score on this topic than the reference subjects . at baseline on measurements of an intervention study can influence PACE scores and can be considered as a small but relevant start of the intervention itself ."
2619,Abstract #2619,"study investigates the cell proliferation and the expression of p53 protein in Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) - associated gastritis and assesses the effect of bacterial eradication on these epithelial factors . patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis were randomized into the control group ( n = 38 ) and anti-H . group ( n = 41 ) . patient received endoscopic examinations with gastric biopsy before and 8 weeks after the treatment . specimens from gastric antrum were immunostained for monoclonal antibodies against the proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) and p53 protein . the control group , the total labeling index ( L.I. ) of PCNA and the positive index ( P.I. ) of p53 in the whole foveolar epithelium were unchanged after treatment . the anti-H . group , 35 of 41 cases ( 85.3 % ) achieved eradication of H. pylori . the H. pylori-eradicated cases , the total L.I. of PCNA in the whole foveolar epithelium did not meaningfully alter after H. pylori elimination ( p > 0.05 ) . , a significant reduction of L.I. was observed in the middle compartments of the gastric pits ( before vs. after treatment : 14.0 vs. 7.3 , p < 0.05 ) . regard to the p53 expression , the P.I.s were significantly decreased in the whole foveolar epithelium ( before vs. after treatment : 0.57 vs. 0.17 , p < 0.05 ) and in each compartment of the gastric pits ( before vs. after treatment : [ upper compartment ] : 0.34 vs. 0.15 , p < 0.05 ; [ middle compartment ] : 0.67 vs. 0.23 , p < 0.05 ; [ lower compartment ] : 0.71 vs. 0.20 , p < 0.05 ) after eradication of H. pylori . eradication reverses the hyperproliferating status of the foveolar epithelium in patients with H. pylori gastritis and leads to a decrease in p53 accumulation in the epithelial cells ."
2620,Abstract #2620,"with acute nonvariceal upper GI hemorrhage are routinely hospitalized , regardless of clinical status or endoscopic findings . aim of this study was to compare outcomes for outpatient versus hospital care of patients with nonvariceal upper GI hemorrhage at low risk of recurrent bleeding . and clinical criteria were used to select patients at low risk for recurrent bleeding . consecutive patients were randomized for either early discharge and outpatient care ( 48 ) or hospital care ( 47 ) . clinical and endoscopic features were comparable . the first 30 days patients were examined daily by their primary care physician and contacted by a gastroenterologist by telephone to assess clinical status . of recurrent bleeding , hospitalization , surgery , and mortality were determined . patients underwent endoscopy within 12 hours of the onset of hemorrhage . patient underwent surgery or died . of recurrent bleeding were 2.1 % in the early discharge group and 2.2 % in the hospital-treated group ( 1 patient in each group ) . costs were $ 340 for the outpatient group and $ 3940 for the hospital group ( p = 0.001 ) . care of patients at low risk for recurrent nonvariceal upper GI hemorrhage is safe and can lead to significant savings in hospital costs ."
2621,Abstract #2621,"heart failure ( CHF ) can be caused either by a predominant abnormality in systolic function ( systolic heart failure ) or a predominant abnormality in diastolic function ( diastolic heart failure ) . clinical trials have identified a number of pharmaceutical agents that can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with systolic heart failure . significant therapeutic advances , systolic heart failure continues to result in high rates of morbidity and mortality . contrast to systolic heart failure , no randomized clinical trials have been performed in patients with diastolic heart failure . to the mechanisms causing both systolic and diastolic heart failure are abnormalities in calcium homeostasis . Pharma Corporation has developed a compound ( MCC-135 , INN ; caldaret ) whose mechanism of action is proposed to be modulation of calcium homeostasis at the sarcoplasmic reticulum and cellular membrane . purpose of this study was to test the safety , tolerability , and efficacy of MCC-135 in patients with mild to moderate heart failure . was a phase II , multicenter , randomized , double-blind study of parallel group design comparing 3 oral dose regimens of MCC-135 ( 5 mg , 25 mg , 50 mg , twice daily ) with a placebo control . treatment period was 24 weeks . total of 511 patients were recruited from 69 centers in the United States and Europe . hundred and twenty-five patients were recruited in each of the 4 treatment groups . in each treatment group were divided into 2 cohorts : those with an ejection fraction < or = 40 % , and those with an ejection fraction > 40 % as determined by core laboratory analysis of echocardiographic studies . recruitment was completed in September 2002 . follow-up was completed by February 2003 ; the results will be available for release in 2004 ."
2622,Abstract #2622,"the best chemotherapy regimen for each patient with advanced gastric cancer is uncertain , we aimed to identify molecular prognostic or predictive biomarkers from biopsy specimens in JCOG9912 , a randomized phase III trial for advanced gastric cancer . biopsy specimens from primary lesions were collected in 445 of 704 randomized patients in JCOG9912 . measured the mRNA expression of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 ( ERCC1 ) , thymidylate synthase , dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase , and five other genes , then , categorized them into low and high groups relative to the median , and examined whether gene expression was associated with efficacy end point . analyses showed that high ERCC1 expression [ HR 1.37 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.08-1 .75 ; P = 0.010 ] , performance status 1 ( HR 1.45 ; 95 % CI 1.13-1 .86 ; P = 0.004 ) , and number of metastatic sites 2 ( HR 1.66 ; 95 % CI 1.28-1 .86 ; P < 0.001 ) were associated with a poor prognosis , and recurrent disease ( versus unresectable ; HR 0.75 ; 95 % CI 0.56-1 .00 ; P = 0.049 ) was associated with a favorable prognosis . of these molecular factors were a predictive marker for choosing irinotecan plus cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil rather than S-1 . correlative analyses suggest that ERCC1 is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in the first-line treatment of gastric cancer . , www.umin.ac.jp ."
2623,Abstract #2623,"hypotension has been extensively described under laboratory conditions . , studies investigating the persistence of this post-exercise decrease in blood pressure for longer periods have produced controversial results . present investigation was conducted to verify the effect of a single bout of exercise on ambulatory blood pressure and to identify potential factors that might influence this post-exercise ambulatory blood pressure fall . study was a randomized controlled clinical trial . normotensive and 23 hypertensive subjects were submitted to two ambulatory blood pressure monitorings ( using the SpaceLabs 90207 , SpaceLabs , Redmond , Washington , USA ) , which were performed after 45min of seated rest ( control session ) or cycling exercise at 50 % peak oxygen uptake ( exercise session ) . subjects demonstrated a lower 24h blood pressure level in the exercise session . patients showed no significant difference in ambulatory blood pressure level between the two experimental sessions . data analysis revealed that approximately 65 % of the subjects in both groups experienced a fall in blood pressure after exercise . , in the normotensive subjects , this blood pressure fall was significantly and positively correlated with clinic and ambulatory blood pressure , and negatively correlated with weight and body mass index . blood pressure response to exercise was also greater in women . the hypertensive patients , the post-exercise blood pressure decrease was significantly and positively correlated with clinic and ambulatory blood pressure as well as with the peak oxygen uptake , and negatively correlated with age and body mass index . post-exercise ambulatory blood pressure fall observed in normotensive and hypertensive humans depends on individual characteristics . , in both normotensive and hypertensive humans , post-exercise ambulatory hypotension is greater in subjects with a higher initial blood pressure level ."
2624,Abstract #2624,"the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy might be improved by faster systemic nicotine uptake , a new nicotine mouth spray has been developed . current study was performed to evaluate the single-dose pharmacokinetics of nicotine at 3 doses of the mouth spray and to compare the speed of nicotine uptake from the spray versus nicotine lozenge and gum . a randomized crossover study , 45 healthy adult smokers received single doses of nicotine mouth spray 1 , 2 , and 4 mg , nicotine lozenge 4 mg , and nicotine gum 4 mg on separate occasions . samples were collected for 12 hr to determine pharmacokinetic variables . plasma nicotine concentrations during the first 10 min , measured using area under the curve ( AUC ( 10 min ) ) , were 3 times as high with spray 4 mg as with lozenge or gum . AUC ( 10 min ) with 2 and 1 mg doses of spray , respectively , was twice and 1.5 times as high as the AUC ( 10 min ) with lozenge or gum . maximum baseline-corrected plasma nicotine concentration ( cC ( max ) ) with 4 mg spray exceeded that for lozenge and gum by 34 % and 20 % ; the median time to reach C ( max ) was 10-12 .5 min for the 3 doses of spray , 45 min for lozenge , and 30 min for gum . mean baseline-corrected area under the plasma nicotine concentration-versus-time curve ( cAUC ( ) ) with 4 mg spray was 15 % higher than that with gum but did not differ significantly from that with lozenge . delivered via the mouth spray is absorbed considerably faster than nicotine given via gum or lozenge ."
2625,Abstract #2625,"pneumoniae is the most common cause of invasive bacterial disease and otitis media in infants and young children . pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines are not reliably immunogenic in children younger than 2 years of age ; therefore pneumococcal glycoprotein conjugate vaccines are currently being evaluated for safety , immunogenicity and efficacy in various age groups . a 12-month period we determined the kinetics of pneumococcal IgG antibody in 60 children who received primary immunization with one dose of bivalent ( serotypes 6A and 23F ) pneumococcal polysaccharide-CRM197 vaccines at 18 to 30 months of age . assess immunologic priming a subgroup of 20 subjects received secondary immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine , including serotypes 6B and 23F , at 11 to 20 months after primary immunization . IgG subclass distributions were also evaluated in the subgroup . the 12 months after primary immunization with glycoprotein conjugate vaccine , geometric mean pneumococcal IgG antibody concentrations to 6B and 23F serotypes remained stable . polysaccharide vaccine induced a greater anamnestic response in children primed with glycoprotein conjugate vaccines ( 13 - to 40-fold increases to geometric mean concentrations of 6 to 30 micrograms/ml for type 23F ) , than in those primed with polysaccharide ( 2 - to 4-fold increases ) . greater IgG response to pneumococcal serotype 23F than to 6B was observed with both primary and secondary immunization . serotype-specific pneumococcal IgG antibody response was virtually restricted to the IgG1 subclass after primary immunization , but secondary immunization elicited antibodies of IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses . glycoprotein conjugate vaccines appear to prime for anamnestic IgG antibody responses to subsequent immunization with polysaccharide vaccine , suggesting that the polysaccharide-CRM197 vaccine effectively induces a predominantly T cell-dependent immune response . greater IgG response to 23F than to 6B indicates that pneumococcal serotype is a major determinant of immunogenicity of pneumococcal glycoprotein conjugate vaccines ."
2626,Abstract #2626,"purpose of this single-masked pilot clinical study is to compare the tissue response and postoperative pain after the use of a diode laser ( 810 nm ) ( DL ) as an adjunct to modified Widman flap ( MWF ) surgery to that of MWF alone . patients with generalized severe chronic periodontitis completed the study . sites were randomly selected to receive an MWF and the contralateral test sites an MWF in conjunction with a DL . study tooth/site was treated plus any additional teeth in the quadrant in which the site was located , if needed . was done using a coin flip . DL was used to de-epithelialize the inner part of the periodontal flap and photo-biostimulate the surgical area . scale assessment ( PS ) , pain medication consumption ( PM ) , tissue edema ( TE ) , and tissue color ( TC ) were evaluated 1 week after surgery . significant differences were seen for TE ( P = 0.041 ) , PM ( P < 0.001 ) , and PS ( P < 0.001 ) favoring test sites . did not show a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.9766 ) . rated the first surgical treatment ( test or control ; random assignment to first treatment ) performed as more painful than the second ( P < 0.002 ) . use of an 810-nm diode laser provided additional benefits to MWF surgery in terms of less edema and postoperative pain ."
2627,Abstract #2627,"extended-release tablet ( paliperidone ER ; Invega , Janssen L.P. , Titusville , New Jersey ) is an oral psychotropic for schizophrenia treatment . and safety of once-daily paliperidone ER ( 6 and 12 mg ) were assessed versus placebo in 444 patients with acute schizophrenia in a 6-week , multicenter , double-blind , randomized , parallel-group study . olanzapine ( 10 mg ) treatment arm was included to confirm trial validity . doses of paliperidone ER demonstrated significant improvement in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) total score ( p < or = .006 ) and certain PANSS Marder factor scores compared with placebo ( p < or = .025 ) ; PANSS total score also improved in the olanzapine treatment arm . ER 6 mg ( p < or = .008 ) , but not 12 mg , was associated with significant improvements in personal and social performance . incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events ( AEs ) for paliperidone ER 6 mg was comparable with placebo and slightly greater with paliperidone ER 12 mg . in blood glucose and lipid levels with paliperidone ER were comparable with placebo . patients treated with paliperidone ER experienced glucose-related AEs . increases of 1-2 kg were observed with paliperidone ER . there were increases in plasma prolactin levels with paliperidone ER treatment , the incidence of prolactin-related AEs was < or = 1 % . this study , paliperidone ER , particularly the 6-mg dose , was effective and well tolerated , and provides a valuable new treatment option for schizophrenia ."
2628,Abstract #2628,"of thymidine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( tNRTIs ) is the only proven strategy for improving lipoatrophy . is unclear whether switching to NRTI-sparing or to non-thymidine NRTI-containing therapy has differential effects on body fat recovery . was a 96 week , open-label , randomized study in suppressed patients with moderate/severe lipoatrophy and no prior virological failure while receiving a protease inhibitor and who had their triple NRTI regimen ( zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir ) switched to lopinavir/ritonavir plus abacavir/lamivudine for a 1 month run-in period and then randomized to lopinavir/ritonavir plus abacavir/lamivudine versus lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy . KRETA trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ( number NCT00865007 ) . 95 patients included , 88 were randomized to lopinavir/ritonavir plus abacavir/lamivudine ( n = 44 ) or lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy ( n = 44 ) . ( IQR ) baseline limb fat was 2.5 ( 1.6-3 .7 ) kg in the lopinavir/ritonavir plus abacavir/lamivudine group and 2.5 ( 2.0-5 .4 ) kg in the lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy group . patients in the triple therapy group and 13 in the monotherapy group had discontinued study drugs by week 96 . there were limb fat gains in each group at weeks 48/96 ( +324 / +358 g in lopinavir/ritonavir plus abacavir/lamivudine , P = 0.09 / 0.07 , versus +215 / +416 g in the lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy group , P = 0.28 / 0.16 ) , differences between groups were not significant [ difference +109 g ( 95 % CI -442 , +660 ) / -57 g ( 95 % CI -740 , +625 ) ] . lipoatrophic patients treated with zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir , switching to lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy had no additional benefit in limb fat recovery relative to switching to lopinavir/ritonavir with abacavir/lamivudine . data suggest that non-thymidine nucleosides such as abacavir/lamivudine are not an obstacle to limb fat recovery ."
2629,Abstract #2629,"( NCC ) is a major cause of seizures and epilepsy in endemic countries . treatment of brain cysts leads to seizures due to the host 's inflammatory reaction , requiring concomitant steroids . hypothesized that increased steroid dosing will reduce treatment-associated seizures . randomized trial comparing 6 mg/day dexamethasone for 10 days ( conventional ) with 8 mg/day for 28 days followed by a 2-week taper ( enhanced ) in patients with NCC receiving albendazole . included active seizure surveillance and brain imaging . outcomes were seizure days and patients with seizures , both measured in days 11-42 . analyses compared days 1-10 , 11-21 , 22-32 , 33-42 , 43-60 , and 61-180 . individuals were randomized into each study arm ; two did not complete follow-up . days 11 to 42 , 59 partial and 6 generalized seizure days occurred in 20 individuals , nonsignificantly fewer in the enhanced arm ( 12 vs. 49 , p = 0.114 ) . numbers of patients with seizures in this period showed similar nonsignificant differences . the enhanced steroid arm there were significantly fewer days and individuals with seizures during antiparasitic treatment ( days 1-10 : 4 vs. 17 , p = 0.004 , and 1 vs. 10 , p = 0.003 , number needed to treat [ NNT ] 4.6 , relative risk [ RR ] 0.1013 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.01-0 .74 ) and early after dexamethasone cessation ( days 11-21 : 6 vs. 27 , p = 0.014 , and 4 vs. 12 , p = 0.021 , NNT 4.0 , RR 0.33 , 95 % CI 0.12-0 .92 ) but not after day 21 . were no significant differences in antiparasitic efficacy or relevant adverse events . dexamethasone dosing results in fewer seizures for the first 21 days during and early after antiparasitic treatment for viable parenchymal NCC but not during the first 11-42 days , which was the primary predetermined time of analysis ."
2630,Abstract #2630,"see whether use of a sirolimus-eluting stent ( SES ) is superior to a third-generation thin-strut , cobalt-chromium stent ( CCS ) in terms of in-segment late loss at 9 months in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease . thickness has been shown to be strictly related with risk of in-stent restenosis , but available demonstrations of the angiographic efficacy of SES have been based on comparisons with thick-strut bare metal control stents . primary outcome measure of this single-center , single-blind randomized comparative trial was 9-month in-segment late loss . criteria were symptomatic coronary artery disease and target vessel diameter appropriate for implantation a 3-mm stent . on a power calculation , 104 patients were randomly assigned to receive a SES ( Cypher ) or a CCS ( Vision ) . late loss was significantly lower in the SES group ( 0.18 + / - 0.40 mm vs 0.58 + / - 0.51 mm , P < 0.001 ) . subsidiary outcome measures , in-segment restenosis ( at 9 months ) was recorded in 10 % ( 5/50 ) patients treated with SES and 23 % ( 11/48 ) receiving CCS ( P = 0.14 ) . clinical difference between the two groups was apparent at 12 months . from target vessel failure at 12 months was 72 % for SES patients and 68 % for CCS patients ( P = 0.65 ) . patients with de-novo coronary lesions at medium risk of restenosis the anti-proliferative effect of SES is greater than that of a thin-strut CCS . , the angiographic results of the CCS were rather good . remains to be seen whether the angiographic superiority of SES can translate into clinical superiority ."
2631,Abstract #2631,"study determined whether Spanish and English educational videos are superior to routine discussion for informing emergency department ( ED ) patients about risks , benefits , and alternatives to receiving intravenous contrast for computed tomography ( CT ) . prospective randomized controlled trial was performed on a convenience sample of adult ED patients scheduled to receive intravenous contrast for CT. . randomized to the intervention group watched a video in Spanish or English explaining the procedure and its risks , benefits , and alternatives . control group underwent routine discussion , receiving intravenous contrast information from their emergency physician . their educational sessions , all participants completed a 10-question intravenous contrast knowledge measure and 1 question rating satisfaction with the informed consent process . scores were compared to assess whether the videos were superior to routine discussion for educating patients about intravenous contrast . outcomes included the proportion of satisfied patients and refusals to sign consent . the 112 patients enrolled , 56 were randomized to the video group and 56 to routine discussion . patients withdrew from the study , leaving 107 for analysis ( video N = 53 ; control N = 54 ) . knowledge scores were higher in the video group ( 68.1 % ) compared to routine discussion ( 47.8 % ) ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] for the difference 12.6 % to 28.1 % ) . patients exhibited greater satisfaction than routine-discussion patients ( 86.8 % [ 95 % CI 74.6 % to 94.5 % ] versus 77.4 % [ 95 % CI 63.8 % to 87.7 % ] ) . patients signed consent to receive intravenous contrast . Spanish and English educational videos yielded higher intravenous contrast knowledge scores compared with routine informed consent procedures ."
2632,Abstract #2632,"interventions have the potential to improve access to quality addiction treatment care . objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Therapeutic Education System ( TES ) , an Internet-delivered behavioral intervention that includes motivational incentives , as a clinician-extender in the treatment of substance use disorders . men and women ( N = 507 ) entering 10 outpatient addiction treatment programs were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks of either treatment as usual ( N = 252 ) or treatment as usual plus TES , with the intervention substituting for about 2 hours of standard care per week ( N = 255 ) . consists of 62 computerized interactive modules covering skills for achieving and maintaining abstinence , plus prize-based motivational incentives contingent on abstinence and treatment adherence . as usual consisted of individual and group counseling at the participating programs . primary outcome measures were abstinence from drugs and heavy drinking ( measured by twice-weekly urine drug screens and self-report ) and time to dropout from treatment . with patients in the treatment-as-usual group , those in the TES group had a lower dropout rate ( hazard ratio = 0.72 , 95 % CI = 0.57 , 0.92 ) and a greater abstinence rate ( odds ratio = 1.62 , 95 % CI = 1.12 , 2.35 ) . effect was more pronounced among patients who had a positive urine drug or breath alcohol screen at study entry ( N = 228 ) ( odds ratio = 2.18 , 95 % CI = 1.30 , 3.68 ) . interventions such as TES have the potential to expand access and improve addiction treatment outcomes . research is needed to assess effectiveness in non-specialty clinical settings and to differentiate the effects of the community reinforcement approach and contingency management components of TES ."
2633,Abstract #2633,"patients with atrial fibrillation ( AF ) , we sought to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new transesophageal echocardiography ( TEE ) - guided strategy , aimed at selecting , 7 days post-cardioversion , those patients who are at low risk ( i.e. who can terminate anticoagulation after a second TEE ) and those at high risk ( i.e. who have to continue it ) . enrolled 206 patients with non-valvular AF into a randomized , multicenter clinical trial . A patients underwent a TEE-guided cardioversion with heparin and at least 4 weeks of oral anticoagulation therapy ( OAT ) after cardioversion . B patients received enoxaparin and underwent a TEE-guided cardioversion . 7 days , a second TEE was carried out . the absence of TEE thromboembolic risk factors and left atrial appendage ( LAA ) dysfunction anticoagulation was discontinued . group A , 88 out of 102 patients underwent TEE and cardioversion was efficacious in 77 of 78 . group B , 100 out of 104 patients underwent TEE and cardioversion was efficacious in 80 of 87 patients ; 55 patients underwent the second TEE and enoxaparin was stopped in 50 without LAA dysfunction . group A , one transient ischemic attack and one sudden cardiac death occurred . group B , one patient with complex aortic plaques suffered a stroke during enoxaparin . was a minor hemorrhage in groups A and B , and a severe hemorrhage in a patient during OAT because of persistent atrial stunning . length and duration of anticoagulation were significantly shorter in group B. pre/post-cardioversion TEE strategy with enoxaparin in AF may constitute a feasible and safe approach in selecting patients at low thromboembolic risk who can benefit from precocious termination of anticoagulation ( 7 days after cardioversion ) . may be also useful to identify those patients in whom a life-lasting anticoagulation could be beneficial . larger trial to confirm these findings is under way ."
2634,Abstract #2634,"drug users are at higher risk of non-adherence and poor treatment outcomes than HIV-infected non-drug users . work from our group and others suggests that directly administered antiretroviral therapy ( DAART ) delivered in opioid treatment programs ( OTPs ) may increase rates of viral suppression . are conducting a randomized trial comparing DAART to self-administered therapy ( SAT ) in 5 OTPs in Baltimore , Maryland . and investigators are aware of treatment assignments . DAART intervention is 12 months . primary outcome is HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL at 3 , 6 , and 12 months . assess persistence of any study arm differences that emerge during the active intervention , we are conducting an 18-month visit ( 6 months after the intervention concludes ) . are collecting electronic adherence data for 2 months in both study arms . 457 individuals screened , a total of 107 participants were enrolled , with 56 and 51 randomly assigned to DAART and SAT , respectively . were predominantly African American , approximately half were women , and the median age was 47 years . use of cocaine and other drugs was common at baseline . disease stage was advanced in most participants . median CD4 count at enrollment was 207 cells/mm3 , 66 ( 62 % ) had a history of an AIDS-defining opportunistic condition , and 21 ( 20 % ) were antiretroviral nave . paper describes the rationale , methods , and baseline characteristics of subjects enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing DAART to SAT in opioid treatment programs . : NCT00279110 ."
2635,Abstract #2635,"study has shown that multiple intravesical instillations of resiniferatoxin ( Sigma ) at 10 nM has therapeutic effects in patients with detrusor overactivity . our knowledge the placebo effect of multiple instillations of low dose resiniferatoxin for neurogenic and nonneurogenic detrusor overactivity has not been investigated . this randomized , double-blind , placebo controlled study we evaluated the therapeutic effects of this resiniferatoxin treatment . total of 54 patients with detrusor overactivity refractory to anticholinergics were enrolled and randomly treated with 4 weekly intravesical instillations of 10 nM resiniferatoxin ( 26 ) or vehicle , consisting of 10 % ethanol in normal saline , as the control group ( 28 ) . clinical effects of treatment on incontinence grade , incontinence episodes , general satisfaction , lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic parameters were assessed . months after completing the 4 intravesical treatments the resiniferatoxin treatment group had a significantly higher percent of patients with excellent and improved results compared to the control group ( 19.2 % vs 7.1 % and 42.3 % vs 14.2 % , respectively , each p < 0.001 ) . remained effective at 6 months in 13 patients ( 50 % ) in the resiniferatoxin group but in only 3 ( 11 % ) in the control group ( p < 0.001 ) . capacity was significantly increased and symptom scores significantly improved 3 months after treatment in the resiniferatoxin group but not in the control group . intravesical instillations of 10 nM resiniferatoxin were effective for improving the incontinence grade in 62 % of patients at 3 months , of whom 50 % maintained a therapeutic effect 6 months after treatment . therapeutic effect of resiniferatoxin was significantly superior to that of placebo ."
2636,Abstract #2636,"assess the effect of a weight-loss program on improving iron status in overweight and obese school-aged children . data were analyzed in overweight and obese children ( 7-11 years of age ; 114 girls and 212boys ) with body mass index-for-age z-scores ( BAZ ) > 1 from a weight-loss program . were randomly divided into 2 groups : intervention and control . in the intervention group underwent a 1-year , nutrition-based comprehensive intervention weight-loss program . , dietary intake , and physical activity data were collected at baseline and follow-up ( 1 year ) . status and inflammatory markers were assessed within a month . the intervention group , BAZ decreased more than that in the control group ( -0.4 0.7 vs -0.1 0.6 , P < .0001 ) ; and iron profiles and inflammation status were improved at follow-up . multivariable linear regression models , a greater decrease of BAZ and inflammation factors predicted a better improvement of iron status . adjustment of BAZ , C-reactive protein was significantly associated with serum ferritin ( : 1.89 ; 95 % CI , 0.70-3 .09 ; P = .002 ) and soluble transferrin receptor ( : 0.88 ; 95 % CI , 0.16-0 .59 ; P = .017 ) ; interleukin-6 was significantly associated with serum ferritin ( : 1.22 ; 95 % CI , 0.64-1 .79 ; P < .0001 ) . status and inflammation were improved by weight reduction . improvement in inflammatory markers during weight reduction was independently associated with improvements of iron status ."
2637,Abstract #2637,"polygraphy is an accepted alternative to polysomnography ( PSG ) for sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome ( SAHS ) diagnosis , although it underestimates the apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI ) because respiratory polygraphy can not identify arousals . performed a multicentric , randomized , blinded crossover study to determine the agreement between home respiratory polygraphy ( HRP ) and PSG , and between simultaneous respiratory polygraphy ( respiratory polygraphy with PSG ) ( SimultRP ) and PSG by means of 2 AHI scoring protocols with or without hyperventilation following flow reduction considered as a surrogate arousal . included suspected SAHS patients from 8 hospitals . were assigned to home and hospital protocols at random . determined the agreement between respiratory polygraphy AHI and PSG AHI scorings using Bland and Altman plots and diagnostic agreement using receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curves . agreement in therapeutic decisions ( continuous positive airway pressure treatment or not ) between HRP and PSG scorings was done with likelihood ratios and post-test probability calculations . 366 randomized patients , 342 completed the protocol . from HRP scorings ( with and without surrogate arousal ) had similar agreement with PSG . from SimultRP with surrogate arousal scoring had better agreement with PSG than AHI from SimultRP without surrogate arousal . with surrogate arousal scoring had slightly worse ROC curves than HRP without surrogate arousal , and the opposite was true for SimultRP scorings . with surrogate arousal showed slightly better agreement with PSG in therapeutic decisions than for HRP without surrogate arousal . a surrogate arousal measure into HRP did not substantially increase its agreement with PSG when compared with the usual procedure ( HRP without surrogate arousal ) ."
2638,Abstract #2638,"evaluate the effect of epirubicin on therapeutic response and survival in patients with indolent nonfollicular B-cell lymphomas ( INFL ) treated with pulsed high-dose chlorambucil . total of 170 untreated patients with advanced/active INFL were randomly assigned to receive either eight cycles of high-dose chlorambucil ( 15 mg/m2/d ) plus prednisone ( 100 mg/d ) for 5 days ( HD-CHL-P ; arm A ) or eight cycles of HD-CHL-P plus epirubicin 60 mg/m2 intravenous on day 1 ( arm B ) . responding patients were randomly assigned to either maintenance therapy with interferon alfa ( IFNalpha-2a ; 3 MU , three times weekly ) for 12 months or observation . were 160 assessable patients ( 82 males , 78 females ; median age , 63 years ; range , 33 to 77 years ) ; 77 patients were assigned to arm A , and 83 were assigned to arm B. Induction therapy led to 47 complete responses ( CRs ; 29.4 % ) and 68 partial responses ( PRs ; 42.5 % ) , with no significant difference between the two arms ( 60 CR + PR in arm A [ 77.9 % ] and 55 CR + PR in arm B [ 66.3 % ] ; P = .07 ) . a median follow-up of 38 months ( range , 2 to 103 months ) , there was no between-group difference in overall survival ( OS ; P = .45 ) , failure-free survival ( P = .07 ) , or progression-free survival ( PFS ; P = .5 ) . patients were randomly assigned to either IFNalpha-2a ( n = 43 ) or observation ( n = 45 ) , without any difference in 3-year PFS ( 44 % and 42 % , respectively ) . analysis showed that OS was influenced by age , anemia , serum lactate dehydrogenase levels , and International Prognostic Index distribution ; multivariate analysis identified age and anemia as having influence on OS . treatment outcome in INFL patients was good ( 50 % 3-year PFS , minimal toxicity , and low costs ) ; epirubicin did not add any advantage . IFNalpha maintenance treatment did not prolong response duration ."
2639,Abstract #2639,"many patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis have symptoms due to sensitization with more than one pollen allergen , and mixed pollen extracts are widely used for allergen immunotherapy in practice , there are few published trials . performed a 2-year multicentre , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous immunotherapy with mixed depigmented-polymerized birch and grass pollen extract in 285 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis symptomatic during both birch and grass pollen seasons . outcome was combined symptom and medication score ( SMS ) assessed by daily visual analogue scales ( VAS ) . included a placebo-based analysis examining the effect of treatment only on days when placebo patients were symptomatic . was a significant reduction in median SMS for actively treated patients ( median 5.70 ( interquartile range 2.62-10 .02 ) compared with 7.07 ( 3.47-10 .71 ) for placebo , P = 0.0385 ) . quality-of-life scores were significantly better for active compared with placebo , and other secondary endpoints were not significantly different . analysis showed a 33.7 % reduced SMS at year 2 for active treatment compared with placebo on days when placebo patients were symptomatic . birch pollen - and grass pollen-specific IgG4 increased with active treatment . study shows efficacy of mixed pollen extracts for immunotherapy for patients symptomatic to both birch and grass pollen allergens . relatively modest effect may reflect 50 % dose reduction for each allergen in the mixture . supports VAS for symptom assessment and placebo-based analysis as useful for the analysis of immunotherapy trials . safety of modified extracts may allow study of mixed extracts without dose reduction to improve efficacy ."
2640,Abstract #2640,"present study assessed the influence of urinary flow rate and urine pH on the renal excretion of the NMDA-receptor antagonist memantine . a randomized , open , four-period cross-over trial , 12 healthy male volunteers received 10 mg memantine daily for 43 days . reaching steady state conditions the volunteers were allocated to four different regimens to alter urine pH and urinary flow , which were each separated by a 1 week period while the study medication continued ( A : acidification of urine pH , low urinary flow ; B : acidification of urine pH , high urinary flow ; C : alkalinization of urine pH , low urinary flow ; D : alkalinization of urine pH , high urinary flow ) . renal clearance of memantine ( CL ( R ) ) in regimen A and B was 7-10 fold higher in comparison with regimen C and D ( P < 0.05 ) . were small but statistically significant differences of CL ( R ) between the two regimens with acidic urine pH ( A : median : 210.2 ml min ( -1 ) vs B : median : 218.7 ml min ( -1 ) ) and between the two regimens with alkaline urine pH ( C : median : 19.4 ml min ( -1 ) vs D : median : 30.5 ml min ( -1 ) ) . amount of memantine excreted into the urine within one regimen ( Ae0-24h ) was 5.7-7 .4 fold higher in regimens A and B than C and D ( P < 0.05 ) . of the AUC ( 0,24 h ) and Cmax/AUC ( 0,24 h ) were significant ( P < 0.05 ) between each of the regimens with acidic urine pH ( A , B ) and regimens ( C , D ) with alkaline urine pH ( A vs C , A vs D , B vs C , B vs D ) but not between regimens A vs B or C vs D. present study demonstrated a considerable effect of urine pH , whereas no clinically relevant change of the renal excretion of memantine with urinary flow could be detected . the renal excretion of memantine may have an impact on therapeutic efficacy changes of dietary habits that may alter urine pH should be avoided during treatment with memantine ."
2641,Abstract #2641,"sleep apnea ( OSA ) is common in stroke patients and is associated with poor functional outcome . effects of positional therapy in ischemic stroke patients with OSA have not been investigated . tested the hypothesis that ischemic stroke patients have less severe OSA during positional therapy that promotes nonsupine positioning . conducted a randomized , controlled , cross-over study . apnea screening studies were performed on two consecutive nights , using a portable respiratory monitoring system , on 18 subjects within the first 14days of ischemic stroke . apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI ) 5 established the diagnosis of OSA . were randomized to positional therapy that included the use of a therapeutic pillow on either the first or second night . the control night , subjects used the hospital pillow and were positioned ad lib . effect on AHI was estimated using a repeated measures model . ischemic stroke subjects studied had OSA . predominantly male group had a median age of 58years , BMI of 29kg/m ( 2 ) , NIH Stroke Scale score of 3 , and a median AHI on the nontherapeutic night of 39 ( interquartile range : 21-54 ) . therapy reduced the amount of supine positioning by 36 % ( 95 % CI : 18-55 % ( P < 0.001 ) ) . AHI was reduced by 19.5 % ( 95 % CI : 4.9-31 .9 % ( P = 0.011 ) ) , when using positional therapy compared to sleeping ad lib . therapy to avoid supine positioning modestly reduces sleep apnea severity after ischemic stroke , and may therefore improve outcomes ."
2642,Abstract #2642,"evaluate the effectiveness of phenytoin in the treatment of cocaine abuse . 12-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled outpatient study of phenytoin in the treatment of cocaine abuse was conducted . cocaine-using subjects were randomly assigned to a daily fixed dose of 300 mg phenytoin or placebo . subjects initiated treatment and returned for weekly visits . measures of outcome included weekly quantitative and qualitative cocaine urinalysis , self-reported cocaine use , global functioning and improvement , craving intensity , and subject retention . use , as measured both by weekly urinalysis and self-report , was significantly lower in the phenytoin group . phenytoin group was also rated as significantly less impaired and more improved than the placebo group . intensity was lower in the phenytoin group , but the difference was not statistically significant . phenytoin subjects , serum phenytoin levels above 6.0 micrograms/ml were associated with lower rates of positive cocaine urine specimens and longer cocaine-free periods . differences were observed between groups in study retention . findings suggest that phenytoin may be useful in the treatment of cocaine abuse . studies are needed to replicate these findings ."
2643,Abstract #2643,"is known about international variation in mortality after severe trauma . study examines variation in mortality , injury severity , and case management among countries from a recent prospective multinational trauma trial . trauma trial was a prospective , randomized , double-blinded , multicenter comparison of recombinant activated factor VII versus placebo in severely injured bleeding trauma patients . in baseline patient characteristics , case management , and clinical outcomes were examined for the 11 countries recruiting most patients . differences in mortality were examined using regression analysis adjusting for case mix and case management differences . predictors of mortality were also identified using multivariate regression analysis . differences were observed between countries in unadjusted mortality rates at 24 hours ( p = 0.025 ) and 90 days ( p < 0.0001 ) . adjusting for differences in case mix and case management , the between country differences in mortality at 24 hours and 90 days remained significant . independent predictors of 24-hour , 24-hour to 90-day , and 90-day mortality were admission lactate > or = 5 mmol/L ( odds ratio : 9.06 , 3.56 , and 5.39 , respectively ) and adherence to clinical management guidelines ( odds ratio : 4.92 , 5.90 , and 3.26 , respectively ) . average , the damage control surgery guideline was less well adhered to than the RBC transfusion and ventilator guidelines . was statistically significant variation between countries with respect to adherence to the RBC transfusion guideline . international variation in mortality when designing or interpreting results from multinational trauma studies is important . differences in mortality persisted between patients from different countries after case mix and case management adjustment . to clinical guidelines was associated with improved survival . , case mix adjustment , and use of guidelines on damage control surgery , transfusion , and ventilation may mitigate country-driven variation in mortality ."
2644,Abstract #2644,"previously reported that a panel of four kallikrein forms in blood-total , free , and intact prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) and kallikrein-related peptidase 2 ( hK2 ) - can reduce unnecessary biopsy in previously unscreened men with elevated total PSA . aimed to replicate our findings in a large , independent , representative , population-based cohort . study cohort included 2,914 previously unscreened men undergoing biopsy as a result of elevated PSA ( > or = 3 ng/mL ) in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer , Rotterdam , with 807 prostate cancers ( 28 % ) detected . cohort was randomly divided 1:3 into a training and validation set . of kallikrein markers were compared with biopsy outcome . of free PSA , intact PSA , and hK2 to a model containing total PSA and age improved the area under the curve from 0.64 to 0.76 and 0.70 to 0.78 for models without and with digital rectal examination results , respectively ( P < .001 for both ) . of the panel to 1,000 men with elevated PSA would reduce the number of biopsies by 513 and miss 54 of 177 low-grade cancers and 12 of 100 high-grade cancers . were robust to sensitivity analysis . have replicated our previously published finding that a panel of four kallikreins can predict the result of biopsy for prostate cancer in men with elevated PSA . of this panel would dramatically reduce biopsy rates . small number of men with cancer would be advised against immediate biopsy , but these men would have predominately low-stage , low-grade disease ."
2645,Abstract #2645,"study evaluated the associations of gender and ethnicity with GGT in a large sample of patients with DSM-IV alcohol abuse or dependence , as well as modification of alcohol 's effects on GGT by gender and ethnicity . included 1691 African American , Mexican American , and non-Hispanic white individuals with DSM-IV alcohol dependence or abuse who participated in an alcoholism treatment trial . information on alcohol use was collected and GGT measured at baseline and at 3 , 9 , and 15 months post-baseline . in GGT occurring with changes in alcohol consumption were similar regardless of ethnicity . alcohol-associated changes were similar in these ethnic groups , African Americans had the highest average GGT at any given level of alcohol use . ethnic pattern held for both sexes , with females having lower levels within each ethnic group . frequency had a slightly decreased association with GGT in females relative to males , but this effect was clinically unimportant . and ethnic-specific cutoffs may be useful when screening for chronic heavy drinking , but the absolute increase in GGT occurring with relapse will be similar regardless of gender or ethnicity ."
2646,Abstract #2646,"performed a multicenter , double-blind , randomized , parallel-group study to compare the renal effects of iomeprol-400 and iodixanol-320 in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease undergoing contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography of the liver . hundred forty-eight patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease , ie , serum creatinine ( SCr ) > or = 1.5 mg/dL ( 132.6 micromol/L ) and/or calculated creatinine clearance ( CrCl ) < 60 mL/min , undergoing contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography of the liver were randomized to equi-iodine doses ( 40 gI ) of either the low-osmolar agent iomeprol-400 ( 400 mgI/mL , 726 mOsm/kg , N = 76 ) or the isotonic agent iodixanol-320 ( 320 mgI/mL , 290 mOsm/kg , N = 72 ) , injected intravenously at 4 mL/S , followed by a bolus of 20 mL normal saline solution at the same rate . was obtained at screening , baseline and at 48 to 72 hours postdose . measurements and CrCl calculations were performed by a central laboratory . nephropathy ( CIN ) was defined as an absolute SCr increase of > or = 0.5 mg/dL ( 44.2 micromol/L ) from baseline to 48 to 72 hours postdose . SCr changes from baseline were also assessed . Renal Safety Review Board comprised 3 medical experts reviewed the renal safety data , demographics , medical history , CIN risk factors , concomitant medications , and hydration status of each subject in a blinded manner . 2 study groups were comparable with regard to age , gender distribution , concomitant nephrotoxins , hydration status , and total iodine dose ; however , the iomeprol-400 group showed a significantly higher proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus ( P = 0.02 ) . SCr was 1.7 + / - 0.6 mg/dL ( 150.3 + / - 53.0 micromol/L ) in the iomeprol-400 group and 1.7 + / - 0.7 mg/dL ( 150.3 + / - 61.9 micromol/L ) in the iodixanol-320 group ( P = 0.87 ) . CrCl was 41.5 + / - 13.1 mL/Min in the iomeprol-400 group and 43.0 + / - 13.3 mL/Min in the iodixanol-320 group ( P = 0.49 ) . of 72 patient receiving iodixanol-320 ( 6.9 % ) and none of the patients receiving iomeprol-400 showed an increase of > or = 0.5 mg/dL ( 44.2 micromol/L ) from baseline [ P = 0.025 , 95 % CI ( -12.8 % , -1.1 % ) ] . mean SCr change from baseline was significantly higher ( P = 0.017 ANCOVA ) after iodixanol-320 ( 0.06 + / - 0.27 ) than after iomeprol-400 ( -0.04 + / - 0.19 ) . incidence of CIN was significantly higher after IV administration of iodixanol-320 than iomeprol-400 . mean rise in SCr from baseline was also higher in patients receiving iodixanol ."
2647,Abstract #2647,"compare the efficacy of one-year treatment with valacyclovir vs acyclovir in preventing recurrence of the herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) eye disease . , randomized , clinical trial pilot study . immunocompetent patients with a history of recurrent ocular HSV disease were treated at the Ocular Immunology Service , San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy . patients were randomized to the valacyclovir group ( one 500 mg tablet daily ) , and 26 patients were randomized to the acyclovir group ( one 400 mg tablet twice daily ) . recurrence rate of ocular HSV disease during 12 months of treatment and drug-related side effects were monitored . of any type of ocular HSV disease during the 12-month treatment period was 23.1 % in the valacyclovir group , compared with 23.1 % in the acyclovir group . difference between the two groups was observed regarding the nature , frequency , or severity of adverse events . most frequent adverse events were nausea and headache . suppression therapy with oral valacyclovir ( 500 mg tablet daily ) was shown to be as effective and as well tolerated as acyclovir ( 400 mg tablet twice daily ) in reducing the rate of recurrent ocular HSV disease ."
2648,Abstract #2648,"anticoagulant therapy may further reduce the risk of thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) when given in addition to current standard antiplatelet therapies . Phase II , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in Japanese patients with ACS assessed the bleeding risk of apixaban compared with placebo when given in combination with standard antiplatelet therapy , and followed a similar design to APPRAISE-1 , the larger global Phase II study . with recently diagnosed ACS were randomized to receive apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily ( BID ; n = 49 ) , apixaban 5mg BID ( n = 50 ) , or placebo ( n = 52 ) in addition to standard antiplatelet therapy for 24 weeks . composite primary endpoint of major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding occurred in 2 patients ( 4.1 % ) in each apixaban treatment group and 1 patient ( 2.0 % ) in the placebo group , and a dose-dependent increase was seen in all bleeding events . hemorrhagic strokes occurred in either apixaban treatment group . study was terminated before completion because the APPRAISE-2 global Phase III trial was stopped based on the recommendation of the Data Monitoring Committee , following an increase in bleeding events without a counterbalancing reduction in ischemic events . bleeding profile of apixaban in Japanese patients with ACS was similar to that found in the global APPRAISE-1 study , supporting the safety of apixaban in Japanese patients ."
2649,Abstract #2649,"are several studies reporting the beneficial effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in patients with gastroparesis and chronic constipation . analyse whether transcutaneous electrical stimulation is an effective procedure in functional dyspepsia patients . dyspepsia patients were randomly placed in vacuum interferential current ( IFC ) and placebo groups . treatments consisted of 12 sessions administered over 4 weeks . gastrointestinal system symptoms were documented at the beginning , during and after the treatment sessions . in therapy ( 23 cases ) and placebo ( 21 cases ) groups were homogeneous with respect to demographic data and upper gastrointestinal system symptoms . the therapy group , all symptoms other than early satiation improved significantly during and after the treatment sessions , whereas in the placebo group , symptoms including heartburn and vomiting did not change significantly . therapy was superior to placebo with respect to epigastric discomfort , pyrosis , bloating , early satiation and postprandial fullness during the treatment sessions . month after the treatment sessions , vacuum IFC proved to be superior to placebo with regard to early satiation and heartburn . IFC is a non-invasive and effective therapy for functional dyspepsia . electrical stimulation may represent a new treatment modality for drug-refractory functional dyspepsia patients ."
2650,Abstract #2650,"evaluate if a comprehensive manual therapy programme reduces sick leave due low back pain and facilitates return to work more than the conventional optimized activating care . randomized controlled trial over a 10-week period with a two-year follow-up . health care and Visby Hospital , Municipality of Gotland , Sweden . hundred and sixty patients ( 70 women , 90 men , ages 20-55 years ) with acute or subacute low back pain with or without pain radiation into the legs . optimized activating care ( n = 71 ) versus a comprehensive pragmatic manual therapy programme including specific corticosteroid injections ( n = 89 ) . leave measured as net sick leave volume , point prevalence and return to work . 10 weeks , significantly more manual therapy patients than reference patients had returned to work ( hazards ratio 1.62 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.006-2 .60 , P < 0.05 ) , and among those on sick leave at baseline , significantly fewer were still on sick leave ( 8/58 versus 13/40 , ratio 0.35 , 95 % CI 0.13-0 .97 , P < 0.05 ) . all other measures there were inconclusive differences in favour of the manual therapy group . significant differences remained after two years . manual therapy programme used in this study decreased sick leave and increased return to work more than the standardized optimized activating care only up to 10 weeks but not up to two years ."
2651,Abstract #2651,"recent advances in critical care and ventilator management , acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality . colony stimulating factor may be beneficial for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome . determine whether intravenous infusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor would improve clinical outcomes for patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial of human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor vs. placebo . primary outcome was days alive and breathing without mechanical ventilatory support within the first 28 days after randomization . outcomes included mortality and organ failure-free days . and surgical intensive care units at three academic medical centers . hundred thirty individuals with acute lung injury of at least 3 days duration were enrolled , out of a planned cohort of 200 subjects . were randomized to receive human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( 64 subjects , 250 g/M ) or placebo ( 66 subjects ) by intravenous infusion daily for 14 days . received mechanical ventilation using a lung-protective protocol . was no difference in ventilator-free days between groups ( 10.7 10.3 days placebo vs. 10.8 10.5 days granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor , p = .82 ) . in 28-day mortality ( 23 % in placebo vs. 17 % in patients receiving granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor ( p = .31 ) and organ failure-free days ( 12.8 11.3 days placebo vs. 15.7 11.9 days granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor , p = .16 ) were not statistically significant . were similar numbers of serious adverse events in each group . a randomized phase II trial , granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor treatment did not increase the number of ventilator-free days in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome . larger trial would be required to determine whether treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor might alter important clinical outcomes , such as mortality or multiorgan failure . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00201409 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] ) ."
2652,Abstract #2652,"given intracutaneously , capsaicin can cause burning pain by central propagation in thin afferents , as well as neurogenic vasodilatation , reflecting antidromic conduction in the same fibers . wanted to test the hypothesis that an intravenous regional block ( IVRA ) inhibits these two phenomena to a similar degree . healthy volunteers participated . bilateral IVRA was performed by simultaneously injecting mepivacaine in one arm and normal saline in the other in a randomized , double-blind manner . minutes after release of the tourniquet , neurogenic inflammation was inflicted in each forearm by intracutaneous capsaicin . skin blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler perfusion imager . area of the flare and the flow therein were measured , taking into account the change in baseline caused by mepivacaine treatment and the postischemic hyperemia . was repeatedly evaluated by visual analog scale . reactive hyperemia following arterial occlusion was less in the mepivacaine-treated arm 10 minutes after tourniquet release ( P = .026 ) . capsaicin elicited a flare in both arms . area of the flare was smaller 10 minutes after capsaicin ( P = .009 ) in the mepivacaine-treated arm . was no difference between the arms concerning the mean blood flow within the flare or in ischemic or capsaicin-induced pain . , given as an IVRA , had no effect on the post-IVRA sensory function of thin afferents but differentially decreased the spread of the capsaicin-induced flare ."
2653,Abstract #2653,"optimal intensity of renal-replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury is controversial . randomly assigned critically ill patients with acute kidney injury and failure of at least one nonrenal organ or sepsis to receive intensive or less intensive renal-replacement therapy . primary end point was death from any cause by day 60 . both study groups , hemodynamically stable patients underwent intermittent hemodialysis , and hemodynamically unstable patients underwent continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration or sustained low-efficiency dialysis . receiving the intensive treatment strategy underwent intermittent hemodialysis and sustained low-efficiency dialysis six times per week and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration at 35 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour ; for patients receiving the less-intensive treatment strategy , the corresponding treatments were provided thrice weekly and at 20 ml per kilogram per hour . characteristics of the 1124 patients in the two groups were similar . rate of death from any cause by day 60 was 53.6 % with intensive therapy and 51.5 % with less-intensive therapy ( odds ratio , 1.09 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.86 to 1.40 ; P = 0.47 ) . was no significant difference between the two groups in the duration of renal-replacement therapy or the rate of recovery of kidney function or nonrenal organ failure . during intermittent dialysis occurred in more patients randomly assigned to receive intensive therapy , although the frequency of hemodialysis sessions complicated by hypotension was similar in the two groups . renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury did not decrease mortality , improve recovery of kidney function , or reduce the rate of nonrenal organ failure as compared with less-intensive therapy involving a defined dose of intermittent hemodialysis three times per week and continuous renal-replacement therapy at 20 ml per kilogram per hour . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00076219 . )"
2654,Abstract #2654,"memantine ( 10mg , twice daily ) is approved in the USA for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . study evaluated the efficacy , safety , and tolerability of a higher-dose , once-daily , extended-release formulation in patients with moderate-to-severe AD concurrently taking cholinesterase inhibitors . this 24-week , double-blind , multinational study ( NCT00322153 ) , outpatients with AD ( Mini-Mental State Examination scores of 3-14 ) were randomized to receive once-daily , 28-mg , extended-release memantine or placebo . efficacy parameters were the baseline-to-endpoint score change on the Severe Impairment Battery ( SIB ) and the endpoint score on the Clinician 's Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input ( CIBIC-Plus ) . secondary efficacy parameter was the baseline-to-endpoint score change on the 19-item Alzheimer 's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living ( ADCS-ADL19 ) ; additional parameters included the baseline-to-endpoint score changes on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory ( NPI ) and verbal fluency test . were analyzed using a two-way analysis of covariance model , except for CIBIC-Plus ( Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test ) . and tolerability were assessed through adverse events and physical and laboratory examinations . total of 677 patients were randomized to receive extended-release memantine ( n = 342 ) or placebo ( n = 335 ) ; completion rates were 79.8 and 81.2 % , respectively . endpoint ( week 24 , last observation carried forward ) , memantine-treated patients significantly outperformed placebo-treated patients on the SIB ( least squares mean difference [ 95 % CI ] 2.6 [ 1.0 , 4.2 ] ; p = 0.001 ) , CIBIC-Plus ( p = 0.008 ) , NPI ( p = 0.005 ) , and verbal fluency test ( p = 0.004 ) ; the effect did not achieve significance on ADCS-ADL19 ( p = 0.177 ) . events with a frequency of 5.0 % that were more prevalent in the memantine group were headache ( 5.6 vs. 5.1 % ) and diarrhea ( 5.0 vs. 3.9 % ) . memantine was efficacious , safe , and well tolerated in this population ."
2655,Abstract #2655,"this prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blinded clinical trial we tested the hypothesis that preemptive analgesia with bupivacaine applied in the area of the surgical incision in patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer would reduce post-operative acute pain and would reduce the amount of analgesics used during surgery and in the post-operative period . were assigned into 1 of 2 groups -- with bupivacaine applied in the area of surgical incision or with placebo . assessed the intraoperative consumption of fentanyl , the postoperative consumption of morphine delivered using a PCA method , and the subjective pain intensity according to VAS score reported by patients in the early post-operative period . of 121 consecutive cases qualified for mastectomy , 112 women were allocated randomly to 1 of 2 groups -- group A ( bupivacaine ) and group B ( placebo ) . final study group comprised 106 breast cancer cases . the groups , a statistically significant difference was observed with respect to : lower fentanyl consumption during surgery ( p = 0.011 ) , lower morphine ( delivered by means of a PCA ) consumption between the 4-12th postoperative hours ( p = 0.02 ) and significantly lower pain intensity assessed according to VAS score at the 4th and 12th hours after surgery ( p = 0.004 and p = 0.02 respectively ) for the group A patients . analgesia application in the form of infiltration of the area of planned surgical incisions with bupivacaine in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy decreases post-operative pain sensation , limits the amount of fentanyl used during surgery , and reduces the demand for opiates in the hours soon after surgery ."
2656,Abstract #2656,", a broad-spectrum triazole , has demonstrated significantly improved survival compared with conventional amphotericin B ( CAB ) as initial therapy for invasive aspergillosis ( IA ) . compare health care resource use and cost at 12 weeks following first-line treatment with voriconazole compared with CAB for IA using resource use data collected during a clinical trial . of hospitalization , intensive care , antifungal drug use , and outpatient care were collected during a large randomized , controlled trial of patients with IA receiving initial treatment with voriconazole or CAB . costs based on published data sources were applied to healthcare use to estimate 12-week costs following initiation of therapy . use and costs were compared for each treatment arm overall and by survival . sensitivity of total costs to changes in healthcare use and unit costs was examined . hospital days and intensive care unit ( ICU ) days were similar for voriconazole and CAB ( total : 27.8 vs. 27.7 , P = 0.97 and ICU : 5.6 vs. 8.1 , P = 0.11 ) . survivors , voriconazole was associated with similar numbers of total hospital days ( 29.8 vs. 32.0 days , P = 0.54 ) to CAB , but fewer ICU days ( 3.9 vs. 8.2 , P = 0.03 ) . non-survivors , those treated with voriconazole had a similar number of total hospital days ( 23.0 vs. 21.8 , P = 0.73 ) and ICU days ( 9.8 vs. 7.9 , P = 0.44 ) . treated with voriconazole had significantly more days alive and out of the hospital than with CAB at 12 weeks ( 40.3 vs. 28.4 days , P < 0.001 ) . costs were similar with voriconazole compared with CAB ( $ 78,860 vs. $ 83,857 , P = 0.51 ) . in cost were not sensitive to changes in the input parameter values . voriconazole first-line for treatment of IA resulted in significantly fewer deaths and similar treatment costs . survival was significantly greater for patients initially treated with voriconazole ."
2657,Abstract #2657,"acid is reported to provide effective immunosuppression by inhibiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase . an attempt to monitor the biological effects of long-term therapy with mycophenolate mofetil , we measured levels of guanosine 5 ' triphosphate and adenosine 5 ' triphosphate in red blood cells ( RBCs ) of patients after heart transplantations . patients enrolled in the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups . in the control group ( n = 27 ) received cyclosporine A ( INN , ciclosporin ) , azathioprine , and prednisone . in the study group ( n = 25 ) were switched from azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil 3 months after the heart transplantation . 5 ' triphosphate and guanosine 5 ' triphosphate levels were determined by means of HPLC . activities of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase , which are responsible for guanine nucleotide formation , were measured in RBCs by radiochemical methods . 5 ' triphosphate levels were unchanged in patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil , whereas those of the control group who received azathioprine ( from 142 + / - 26 pmol/10 ( 6 ) RBCs to 165 + / - 25 pmol/10 ( 6 ) RBCs ; P < .001 ) increased . the length of mycophenolate mofetil therapy increased , patients in the study group showed significantly elevated guanosine 5 ' triphosphate levels ( 15.6 + / - 6.1 pmol/10 ( 6 ) RBCs versus 6.6 + / - 2.1 pmol/10 ( 6 ) RBCs ; P < .001 ) and a 5-fold increase in inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity ( 108.6 + / - 13.3 pmol/mg of protein per hour versus 22.5 + / - 1.7 pmol/mg of protein per hour ; P < .001 ) compared with the control group . addition , a slight but significant enhancement of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity was seen in the mycophenolate mofetil group . studies have shown that long-term administration of mycophenolate mofetil is associated with increasing guanosine 5 ' triphosphate levels in RBCs as the result of an induction of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activities in erythrocytes ."
2658,Abstract #2658,"with symptomatic chronic heart failure ( CHF ) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) have a high risk of death and hospitalization for CHF deterioration despite therapies with angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors , beta-blockers , and even an aldosterone antagonist . determine whether the angiotensin-receptor blocker ( ARB ) candesartan decreases cardiovascular mortality , morbidity , and all-cause mortality in patients with CHF and depressed LVEF , a prespecified analysis of the combined Candesartan in Heart Failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity ( CHARM ) low LVEF trials was performed . is a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter , international trial program . York Heart Association ( NYHA ) class II through IV CHF patients with an LVEF of < or = 40 % were randomized to candesartan or placebo in 2 complementary parallel trials ( CHARM-Alternative , for patients who can not tolerate ACE inhibitors , and CHARM-Added , for patients who were receiving ACE inhibitors ) . and morbidity were determined in 4576 low LVEF patients ( 2289 candesartan and 2287 placebo ) , titrated as tolerated to a target dose of 32 mg once daily , and observed for 2 to 4 years ( median , 40 months ) . primary outcome ( time to first event by intention to treat ) was cardiovascular death or CHF hospitalization for each trial , with all-cause mortality a secondary end point in the pooled analysis of the low LVEF trials . the patients in the candesartan group , 817 ( 35.7 % ) experienced cardiovascular death or a CHF hospitalization as compared with 944 ( 41.3 % ) in the placebo group ( HR 0.82 ; 95 % CI 0.74 to 0.90 ; P < 0.001 ) with reduced risk for both cardiovascular deaths ( 521 [ 22.8 % ] versus 599 [ 26.2 % ] ; HR 0.84 [ 95 % CI 0.75 to 0.95 ] ; P = 0.005 ) and CHF hospitalizations ( 516 [ 22.5 % ] versus 642 [ 28.1 % ] ; HR 0.76 [ 95 % CI 0.68 to 0.85 ] ; P < 0.001 ) . is important to note that all-cause mortality also was significantly reduced by candesartan ( 642 [ 28.0 % ] versus 708 [ 31.0 % ] ; HR 0.88 [ 95 % CI 0.79 to 0.98 ] ; P = 0.018 ) . significant heterogeneity for the beneficial effects of candesartan was found across prespecified and subsequently identified subgroups including treatment with ACE inhibitors , beta-blockers , an aldosterone antagonist , or their combinations . study drug was discontinued because of adverse effects by 23.1 % of patients in the candesartan group and 18.8 % in the placebo group ; the reasons included increased creatinine ( 7.1 % versus 3.5 % ) , hypotension ( 4.2 % versus 2.1 % ) , and hyperkalemia ( 2.8 % versus 0.5 % ) , respectively ( all P < 0.001 ) . significantly reduces all-cause mortality , cardiovascular death , and heart failure hospitalizations in patients with CHF and LVEF < or = 40 % when added to standard therapies including ACE inhibitors , beta-blockers , and an aldosterone antagonist . monitoring of blood pressure , serum creatinine , and serum potassium is warranted ."
2659,Abstract #2659,"study insulin dependent diabetic patients for change in non-proliferative retinopathy and its relation to glycaemic control and to various clinical background data . study with follow up for seven years . departments of university hospitals . haemoglobin concentration ; degree of retinopathy . worsened by an overall increase in counts of microaneurysms and haemorrhages from 17 ( SD 25 ) to 45 ( 58 ) ( p = 0.005 ) . insulin treatment and home blood glucose monitoring improved concentrations of glycated haemoglobin ( HbA1 ) from 11.2 % ( 2.2 % ) at the start of the study to a mean of 9.5 % ( 1.5 % ) over the seven years of the study ( p less than 0.0001 ) . mean value for HbA1 greater than 10 % was associated with an increased risk of progression of retinopathy and a mean value less than 8.7 % was associated with a diminished risk . regression analysis identified four independent variables as indicative of outcome of retinopathy after seven years : HbA1 value at baseline ; the change in HbA1 from start to the mean level through the seven years ; duration of diabetes ; and retinopathy at start . , blood pressure , and urinary albumin excretion were not related to the presence or progression of retinopathy . intervention by long term lowering of glycated haemoglobin has a beneficial impact on non-proliferative retinopathy . four factor regression model can determine patients at high risk of severe retinopathy ."
2660,Abstract #2660,"furoate ( FF ) / vilanterol ( VI ) is a novel once-daily inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting 2-agonist combination therapy for COPD . aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of two strengths of FF/VI ( 100/25g ; 50/25g ) vs. individual components ( FF 100g , VI 25g ) and placebo over 24 weeks . , randomised , placebo-controlled , double-blind , parallel-group study of patients ( N = 1030 ) with moderate-to-severe COPD . medication was administered once daily in the morning . efficacy endpoints were : ( 1 ) weighted mean ( wm ) FEV1 ( 0-4h post-dose on day 168 ) to assess acute lung function effects ; and ( 2 ) trough FEV1 ( 23-24h post-dose on day 169 ) to assess long-lasting effects . outcomes were analysed and adverse events ( AEs ) assessed . findings were : ( 1 ) the combination of FF/VI at a strength of 100/25g significantly ( p < 0.001 ) improved wm FEV1 ( 173ml ) and trough FEV1 ( 115ml ) vs. placebo . effects were observed with FF/VI 50/25g ; ( 2 ) no significant difference was seen between FF/VI 100/25g and VI 25g for trough FEV1 ( 48ml , p = 0.082 ) , while an effect was observed between FF/VI 100/25g and FF 100g for wm FEV1 ( 120ml , p < 0.001 ) ; ( 3 ) VI 25g over 24 weeks improved lung function vs. placebo significantly for wm FEV1 ( 103ml , p < 0.001 ) and trough FEV1 ( 67ml , p = 0.017 ) ; and ( 4 ) no safety signal was observed . subjects with moderate-to-severe COPD , FF/VI 100/25g provides rapid and significant sustained bronchodilation at 24 weeks . function is improved to a similar extent with FF/VI 50/25g and to a somewhat lesser extent with VI 25g . treatments were well tolerated . study number : HZC112206 . : NCT01053988 ."
2661,Abstract #2661,"in left ventricular ( LV ) relaxation and/or increased filling pressures are indicators of LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension ( HTN ) . purpose of this study was to assess clinical use of pulsed wave Doppler , Doppler tissue imaging ( DTI ) , and color M-mode ( CMM ) indices for determination of diastolic function in patients with HTN . all , 278 ambulatory patients with normal LV systolic function were grouped according to the presence of HTN with and without LV hypertrophy ( LVH ) ( determined by the 2-dimensional area-length method ) as follows : healthy control subjects ( NC , n = 122 ) , HTN without LVH ( HTN , n = 70 ) , and HTN with LVH ( HTN+LVH , n = 86 ) . wave Doppler-derived measurements included transmitral E - and A-wave velocities , E/A ratio , and deceleration and isovolumic relaxation time intervals ; DTI-derived early diastolic ( Em ) velocities were obtained at 4 LV annular sites . flow propagation velocity and the intraventricular pressure gradient were also calculated . of covariance adjusted for age and sex of diastolic indices was performed to compare the differences among groups . DTI-derived filling pressures demonstrated progressive statistically significant differences among all 3 groups ( ie , HTN vs NC , HTN+LVH vs NC , and HTN vs HTN+LVH ) . , CMM-derived flow propagation velocity and intraventricular pressure gradient indices were similar among the groups . is a robust method compared with pulsed wave Doppler - and CMM-derived indices for the quantitative assessment of LV relaxation and filling pressures in patients with HTN ."
2662,Abstract #2662,"compare the differences of clinical effects in female patients with obesity and hyperlipidemia of yang deficiency of spleen and kidney syndrome between warm acupuncture combined with auricular acupuncture and simple warm acupuncture . hundred and thirty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group , 65 cases in each one . the control group , acupuncture was used at Pishu ( BL 20 ) , Zhongwan ( CV 12 ) , Shenshu ( BL 23 ) , Zhongji ( CV 3 ) , Guanyuan ( CV 4 ) , Mingmen ( GV 4 ) , Taibai ( SP 3 ) , Fenglong ( ST 40 ) , etc. ; warm acupuncture was applied at Pishu ( BL 20 ) , Zhongwan ( CV 12 ) , Shenshu ( BL 23 ) and Zhongji ( CV 3 ) ; the treatment was required once every two days and for 3 months continuously . the observation group , based on the treatment in the control group , thumbtack intradermal needles were embedded at auricular points , including pi ( CO13 ) , shen ( CO10 ) , pangguang ( CO9 ) , sanjiao ( CO17 ) , neifenmi ( CO18 ) , neishengzhiqi ( TF2 ) , etc. . indices [ body mass ( W ) , obesity degree ( A ) , body mass index ( BMI ) , body fat percentage ( F % ) ] blood lipid indices [ serum total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , low density lipoprotein ( LDL-C ) , high density lipoprotein ( HDL-C ) ] and clinical efficacy were observed before and after treatment in the two groups . After treatment in the two groups , the obesity indices of W , A , BMI , F % and the blood lipid levels of TC , TG , LDL-C were obviously decreased compared with those before treatment ( all P < 0.01 ) and the HDL-C levels were apparently increased than those before treatment ( both P < 0.01 ) . treatment , the improvement of TC and HDL-C in the observation group was superior to that in the control group ( both P < 0.01 ) . difference was not statistically significant in the aspect of improving every obesity index between two groups ( all P > . ) . comprehensive total effective rate of the observation group was 95.4 % ( 62/65 ) , which was better than 84.6 % ( 55/65 ) of the control group ( P < 0.001 ) . acupuncture combined with auricular acupuncture and simple warm acupuncture can both benignly adjust abnormal lipid metabolism of obesity patients with hyperlipidemia , and warm acupuncture combined with auricular acupuncture are superior to simple warm acupuncture treatment on antiobesity action and improving the TC and HDL-C levels ."
2663,Abstract #2663,"determine whether a large-scale physical activity intervention could affect body composition in primary school students in Beijing , China . study design was one-year cluster randomized controlled trial of physical activity intervention ( 20 min of daily exercise in the classroom ) with an additional year of follow-up among 4 700 students aged 8-11 years at baseline . the one-year intervention , BMI increased by 0.56 kg/m ( 2 ) ( SD 1.15 ) in the intervention group and by 0.72 kg/m ( 2 ) ( SD 1.20 ) in the control group , with a mean difference of -0.15 kg/m ( 2 ) ( 95 % CI : -0.28 to -0.02 ) . z score decreased by -0.05 ( SD 0.44 ) in the intervention group , but increased by 0.01 ( SD 0.46 ) in the control group , with a mean difference of -0.07 ( -0.13 to -0.01 ) . another year of follow up , compared to the control group , children in the intervention group had significantly lower BMI ( -0.13 , -0.25 to -0.01 ) , BMI z score ( -0.05 , -0.10 to -0.01 ) , fat mass ( -0.27 kg , -0.53 to -0.02 ) and percent body fat ( -0.53 , -1.00 to -0.05 ) . intervention had a more pronounced effect on weight , height , BMI , BMI z score , and body composition among obese children than among normal weight or overweight children . to the control group , the intervention group had a significantly higher percentage of children who maintained or reduced their BMI z score at year 1 ( P = 0.008 ) and year 2 ( P = 0.04 ) . findings suggest that 20 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity during the school year is a feasible and effective way to prevent excessive gain of body weight , BMI , and body fatness in primary school students ."
2664,Abstract #2664,"aimed to assess whether GP input into discharge planning for high-risk aged in-patients admitted under the care of a geriatrician results in improved patient outcomes . conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial in Sydney , Australia . subjects were 364 patients aged 60 years and over . main outcome measures included community service referral , accommodation changes , length of stay , readmission rate , length of time to first readmission and patient satisfaction with discharge arrangements . significant differences were found with regard to length of stay , readmission rates or time to first readmission . subjects were significantly more likely to be recommended for community services at discharge and to report that hospital personnel had discussed their discharge plan with them . more of the test group reported that their return home was well prepared . GP pre-discharge visits did not alter the likelihood of ` hard outcomes such as risk of readmission ' , the results suggest that quality of care is enhanced amongst patients receiving a pre-discharge visit and that GPs can perform a key role in planning post-discharge care with other services ."
2665,Abstract #2665,"assess the toxicity of hypoxoside taken orally by 24 patients with lung cancer . study with patients taking 1,200-3 ,200 mg standardised Hypoxis plant extract ( 200 mg capsules ) per day divided in 3 doses in order to maintain metabolite blood levels near 100 micrograms/ml . with histologically proven squamous , large-cell or adenocarcinoma were hospitalised initially at the radiation oncology ward , Karl Bremer Hospital , Bellville , W. Cape . they returned every 2 weeks for full clinical examinations . biochemical and haematological measurements were done . underwent regular full clinical examinations including radiographs and computed tomography scanning according to the discretion of the principal investigator . patients on hypoxoside therapy survived for an average of 4 months with progression of their primary tumours and metastases , while 5 survived for more than a year . of them survived for 5 years and histological examination of the primary lesion showed absence of cancer . toxic effects , in clinical examinations or biochemical or haematological measurements , were found that could be ascribed to the ingestion of hypoxoside . one occasion of possible drug intolerance , with anxiety , nausea , vomiting and diarrhoea , was noted . absence of toxicity warrants further investigation of hypoxoside as an oral prodrug , especially in patients with slow-growing necrotising tumours that are inoperable and have high concentrations of beta-glucuronidase and sulphatase as well as a high sensitivity for rooperol ."
2666,Abstract #2666,"i-gel and the AuraOnce laryngeal mask are supraglottic airway devices used for airway management during general anaesthesia . devices are cheap , disposable and widely used . may be used with both spontaneous and controlled ventilation . study compared differences in the seal and peak pressures , and postoperative complications in these devices when used in paralyzed patients under controlled ventilation . prospective randomized trial was designed to compare the i-gel and the AuraOnce in paralyzed adult patients under conditions of controlled ventilation . hundred and four patients ( ASA class 1-3 , age 18-89 , weight 46-115 kg ) were enrolled in the study . anaesthesia ( fentanyl , propofol and sevoflurane in air-oxygen ) was administered including neuromuscular blockade . primary outcome measure was the difference in seal airway pressures between the two devices . outcome measures included peak airway pressures , insertion data and postoperative profiles -- the incidence of sore throat , swallowing difficulties , numb tongue , hearing difficulties , neck pain , nausea and vomiting . time insertions were 85.6 % ( i-gel ) and 82 % ( AuraOnce ) with overall success rates 96.3 % ( i-gel ) and 94.2 % ( AuraOnce ) ( p = 0.54 ) . insertion times were 11.0 s ( i-gel ) and 11.6 s ( AuraOnce ) ( p = 0.19 ) . pressures were 30.4 cmH ( 2 ) O ( i-gel ) and 27.8 cmH ( 2 ) O ( AuraOnce ) ( p = 0.007 ) . pressures were 15.3 cmH ( 2 ) O ( i-gel ) and 15.6 cmH ( 2 ) O ( AuraOnce ) ( p = 0.57 ) . insertion occurred in 5.8 % of i-gel and 2 % of AuraOnce insertions . overall incidence of postoperative complications was low , with the i-gel causing less sore throat and difficulty swallowing at 24h . . devices provided effective seals for ventilation under positive pressure . may be a better alternative for the procedures with controlled ventilation because of higher seal pressures and lower incidence of sore throat postoperatively ."
2667,Abstract #2667,"endocrine hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) is hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism ; another facet of PCOS is low-grade inflammation . adolescents and young women with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism ( n = 118 ; mean age 16 years , body mass index 22 kg/m ( 2 ) ) , we analysed whether the PCOS-associated rise in leukocyte count is already detectable at young age and , if so , whether such elevation is lowered by metformin , flutamide-metformin , oral contraception ( OC ) , or their combination . count ( x 1000/mm ( 3 ) ) in patients was high versus controls ( 7.5 + / - 0.1 versus 6.4 + / - 0.1 ; P < 0.001 ) due to a rise in neutrophils ( 4.2 + / - 0.1 versus 3.0 + / - 0.1 ; P < 0.001 ) . studies at mean ages of 12.5 years ( n = 24 ) and 15.2 years ( n = 33 ) demonstrated normalizing effects of metformin ( 850 mg/day ; P < 0.001 ) and , respectively , metformin plus flutamide ( 62.5 mg/day ) on neutrophil counts ; in young women ( 18.3 years ; n = 41 ) , the neutrophil count rose further on OC monotherapy ( P = 0.003 ) , but normalized on the same OC plus flutamide-metformin ( P < 0.001 versus OC alone ) . i ) A high leukocyte count is already present in girls with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism , and this is due to a raised neutrophil count ; ( ii ) this hyperneutrophilia is attenuated by metformin or flutamide-metformin , and is amplified by OC monotherapy ; ( iii ) if these treatments are combined , the normalizing effect of flutamide-metformin overcomes the OC effect on neutrophil count ."
2668,Abstract #2668,"overuse of antimicrobials is recognized as the main selective pressure driving the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in human bacterial pathogens . tract infections ( UTIs ) are among the most common infections presented in primary care and empirical antimicrobial treatment is currently recommended . research has identified that a substantial proportion of Irish general practitioners ( GPs ) prescribe antimicrobials for UTIs that are not in accordance with the Guidelines for Antimicrobial Prescribing in Primary Care in Ireland . aim of this trial is to design , implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention on GP antimicrobial prescribing and adult ( 18 years of age and over ) patients ' antimicrobial consumption when presenting with a suspected UTI . Supporting the Improvement and Management of Prescribing for urinary tract infections ( SIMPle ) study is a three-armed intervention with practice-level randomization . patients presenting with suspected UTIs in primary care will be included in the study.The intervention integrates components for both GPs and patients . GPs the intervention includes interactive workshops , audit and feedback reports and automated electronic prompts summarizing recommended first-line antimicrobial treatment and , for one intervention arm , a recommendation to consider delayed antimicrobial treatment . patients , multimedia applications and information leaflets are included . practices will be recruited to the study ; laboratory data indicate that 2,038 patients will be prescribed an antimicrobial in the study . primary outcome is a change in prescribing of first-line antimicrobials for UTIs in accordance with the Guidelines for Antimicrobial Prescribing in Primary Care in Ireland . study will take place over 15 months with a six-month intervention period . will be collected through a remote electronic anonymized data-extraction system , a text-messaging system and GP and patient interviews and surveys . intervention will be strengthened by the implementation of a social marketing framework and an economic evaluation . intervention is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , ID NCT01913860 ."
2669,Abstract #2669,"of the subgingival area is aimed at removing as much as possible of the bacterial biofilm and subgingival calculus . mechanical root debridement is a technically demanding procedure , antiseptics and antibiotics delivered either locally or systemically have been used as adjunct to scaling and root-planning procedures in order to control the subgingival biofilm and thereby enhance the treatment outcome . aim was to study the microbiological effect of ultrasonic debridement with or without povidone-iodine ( PVP-iodine ) in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis . patients were recruited to the study . test site and the related quadrant were randomly assigned to one of four different treatment modalities : ultrasonic scaling + subgingival irrigation with 0.5 % PVP-iodine for 5 min/tooth , ultrasonic scaling + subgingival irrigation with sterile saline solution for 5 min/tooth , subgingival irrigation with sterile saline solution for 5 min/tooth and subgingival irrigation with 0.5 % PVP-iodine for 5 min/tooth . individuals were followed longitudinally for 6 months . present study showed that non-surgical periodontal therapy with the use of an ultrasonic device was effective in reducing the analyzed putative periodontal bacteria . statistically significant difference between ultrasonic + saline and ultrasonic + PVP-iodine was found . debridement reduced the periodontal markers in patients with severe chronic periodontitis . reduction was selective . concentration of 0.5 % PVP-iodine did not add any anti-microbiological effect compared to ultrasonic debridement alone ."
2670,Abstract #2670,"is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo activity against the gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens frequently implicated in urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) . study compared the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy and tolerability of gatifloxacin versus ciprofloxacin in adult patients with complicated UTIs or pyelonephritis . this double-blind , multicenter , randomized , comparative study , patients were treated with either gatifloxacin 400 mg once daily or ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 7 to 10 days . eradication ( by quantitative urine culture ) and clinical efficacy rates were assessed at a test-of-cure visit ( 5 to 9 days and 4 to 11 days posttreatment , respectively ) and at an extended follow-up visit ( 29-42 days and 25-50 days posttreatment , respectively ) . total of 372 adults were randomized to treatment , 189 to gatifloxacin and 183 to ciprofloxacin . most commonly isolated pretreatment pathogens ( n = 292 ) were Escherichia coli ( 53 % ) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( 13 % ) . eradication rates for complicated UTIs were 92 % and 83 % with gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin , respectively ( 95 % CI , -4.1 % to 24.5 % ) ; for pyelonephritis , the respective rates were 92 % and 85 % ( 95 % CI , -20 % to 37 % ) . response rates of > 90 % were observed in both treatment groups among patients with complicated UTIs as well as those with pyelonephritis . eradication rates were 76 % ( 64/84 ) with gatifloxacin and 66 % ( 52/79 ) with ciprofloxacin . drugs were well tolerated , with the most common adverse events in both treatment groups being nausea , dizziness , diarrhea , and vomiting . is comparable to ciprofloxacin based on clinical efficacy and bacteriologic eradication rates for the treatment of complicated UTIs or pyelonephri - tis and is associated with a low incidence of clinically significant adverse events ."
2671,Abstract #2671,"compare the anesthesia efficacy , hemodynamics , recovery of passage of gas by anus and bladder function in elderly patients with operation of intertrochanteric femoral fracture with epidural or lumbar plexus block . patients with intertrochanteric femoral fracture , aged 65-97 , were randomly divided into 3 equal groups : lumbar plexus group ( Group A , undergoing posterior lumbar plexus block ) and epidural group ( Group B , undergoing epidural block at L ( 1-2 ) interspace ) . block onset time , anesthesia efficacy , transfusion amount during operation , blood pressure and heart rate change 1 h after anesthesia , and recovery after anesthesia were observed . block onset time on femoral nerve , lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh , obturator nerve , and saphenous nerve of Group A were ( 2.7 + / - 2.0 ) min , ( 3.1 + / - 3.4 ) min , ( 3.5 + / - 3.3 ) min , and ( 3.7 + / - 3.1 ) min respectively , all significantly shorter than those of Group B [ ( 13.5 + / - 2.1 ) min , ( 13.5 + / - 2.1 ) min , ( 13.5 + / - 2.1 ) min , and ( 13.5 + / - 2.1 ) min respectively , all P < 0.01 ] . duration of postoperative analgesia of Group A was ( 420 + / - 152 ) min , significantly longer than that of Group B [ ( 204 + / - 44 ) min , P < 0.05 ] . were no significant differences in the change of blood pressure and heart rate between these 2 groups . blood pressure decreased significantly 10 - 60 min after anesthesia in Group B , and remained stable in Group A. transfusion amount of Group A was ( 773 + / - 353 ) ml , significantly fewer than that in Group B [ ( 1483 + / - 444 ) ml , P < 0.01 ] . of gas by anus started ( 1.1 + / - 0.6 ) h after operation in Group A , a time significantly shorter than that in Group B ( 5.9 + / - 1.2 ) h , P < 0.01 ) . retention was seen in 8 patients of Group B , however , no patient in Group A showed incidence of urinary retention ( P < 0.01 ) . patients , 20 in Group A and 28 in Group B got excellent anesthesia effect , and 12 of them , 10 in Group A and 2 in Group B , got relatively good anesthesia ( P < 0.05 ) . lumbar plexus block and epidural block provide satisfactory anesthetic efficacy for operation of intertrochanteric femoral fracture in elderly patients . block provide better efficacy , and lumbar plexus block shows faster recovery of digestive system and urinary system after operation ."
2672,Abstract #2672,"impact of the addition of gemcitabine to 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) chemoradiation ( CRT ) on 5-year overall survival ( OS ) in resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma are presented with updated results of a phase III trial . resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma , patients were randomized to pre - and post-CRT 5-FU versus pre - and post-CRT gemcitabine . was provided continuously at 250 mg/m ( 2 ) / day , and gemcitabine was provided at 1000 mg/m ( 2 ) weekly . were provided over 3 weeks before and 12 weeks after CRT . was provided at 50.4 Gy with continuously provided 5-FU . primary end point was survival for all patients and for patients with tumor of the pancreatic head . hundred fifty-one patients were eligible . analysis showed no difference in OS . head tumor patients ( n = 388 ) had a median survival and 5-year OS of 20.5 months and 22 % with gemcitabine versus 17.1 months and 18 % with 5-FU . multivariate analysis , patients on the gemcitabine arm with pancreatic head tumors experienced a trend toward improved OS ( P = 0.08 ) . site of relapse local recurrence in 28 % of patients versus distant relapse in 73 % . sequencing of 5-FU CRT with gemcitabine as done in this trial is not associated with a statistically significant improvement in OS . local recurrence being approximately half of that reported in previous adjuvant trials , distant disease relapse still occurs in 70 % of patients . findings serve as the basis for the recently activated EORTC/U . Intergroup RTOG 0848 phase III adjuvant trial evaluating the impact of CRT after completion of a full course of gemcitabine ."
2673,Abstract #2673,"of activated partial thromboplastin time ( aPTT ) is used in coagulation management after heart surgery . from the central laboratory take long to be obtained . sought to shorten the time to obtain coagulation results and the desired coagulation state and to reduce blood loss and transfusions using point of care ( POC ) aPTT determination . , controlled trial . 20-bed surgical ICU . patients planned for valve surgery ( Valves ) and 84 for coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) with cardiopulmonary bypass . and CABG were randomized to postoperative coagulation management monitored either by central laboratory aPTT ( Lab group ) or by POC aPTT ( POC group ) . was administered according to guidelines . aPTT results were available earlier than Lab aPTT after venipuncture in Valves ( 3 + / - 2 vs. 125 + / - 68 min ) and in CABG ( 3 + / - 4 vs. 114 + / - 62 min ) . was introduced earlier in the POC group in Valves ( 7 + / - 23 vs. 13 + / - 78 h , p = 0.01 ) . of the POC group bled significantly less than Valves in the Lab group ( 647 + / - 362 ml vs. 992 + / - 647 ml , p < 0.04 ) , especially during the first 8 h after ICU admission . was no difference in bleeding in CABG ( 1074 + / - 869 ml vs. 1102 + / - 620 , p = NS ) . Valves , fewer patients in the POC group than in the Lab group needed blood transfusions ( 1/21 vs. 8/21 ; p = 0.03 ) . difference was detected in CABG . Valves in the POC group the time to the desired coagulation state was reduced , as was the thoracic blood loss , reducing the number of patients transfused . improvement was not observed in CABG . effects were similar in the two groups ."
2674,Abstract #2674,"evaluate the efficacy and sustainability of a couple-focused human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) prevention intervention in reducing unprotected sex and increasing intent to use condoms and knowledge about AIDS . controlled trial . community settings in Southern California . Latino couples ( 168 couples ; 336 individuals ) who were aged 14 to 25 years , English or Spanish speaking , and coparenting a child at least 3 months of age . 12-hour theory-based , couple-focused HIV prevention program culturally tailored for young Latino parents , with emphasis on family protection , skill building , and issues related to gender and power . 1-hour control condition provided basic HIV-AIDS information . outcome measures included self-report of condom use during the past 3 months ; secondary , intent to use condoms and knowledge about AIDS . HIV prevention intervention reduced the proportion of unprotected sex episodes ( odds ratio , 0.87 per month from baseline to 6 months ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.82-0 .93 ) and increased intent to use condoms ( slope increase , 0.20 ; 95 % CI , 0.04-0 .37 ) at the 6-month follow-up ; however , these effects were not sustained at 12 months . about AIDS was increased in both groups from baseline to 6 months ( slope estimate , 0.57 ; 95 % CI , 0.47-0 .67 ) and was maintained in the intervention group only through 12 months . participants in both groups had higher intent to use condoms and knowledge about AIDS than male participants ( P .01 ) . couple-focused HIV prevention intervention reduced risky sexual behaviors and improved intent to use condoms among young Latino parents at the 6-month evaluation . maintenance program is needed to improve the sustainability of effects over time ."
2675,Abstract #2675,"certain diseases clinical experts may judge that the intervention with the best prospects is the addition of two treatments to the standard of care . can either be tested with a simple randomized trial of combination versus standard treatment or with a 2 x 2 factorial design . compared the two approaches using the design of a new trial in tuberculous meningitis as an example . that trial the combination of 2 drugs added to standard treatment is assumed to reduce the hazard of death by 30 % and the sample size of the combination trial to achieve 80 % power is 750 patients . calculated the power of corresponding factorial designs with one - to sixteen-fold the sample size of the combination trial depending on the contribution of each individual drug to the combination treatment effect and the strength of an interaction between the two . the absence of an interaction , an eight-fold increase in sample size for the factorial design as compared to the combination trial is required to get 80 % power to jointly detect effects of both drugs if the contribution of the less potent treatment to the total effect is at least 35 % . eight-fold sample size increase also provides a power of 76 % to detect a qualitative interaction at the one-sided 10 % significance level if the individual effects of both drugs are equal . designs with a lower sample size have a high chance to be underpowered , to show significance of only one drug even if both are equally effective , and to miss important interactions . combination trials of multiple interventions versus standard therapy are valuable in diseases with a limited patient pool if all interventions test the same treatment concept , it is considered likely that either both or none of the individual interventions are effective , and only moderate drug interactions are suspected . adequately powered 2 x 2 factorial design to detect effects of individual drugs would require at least 8-fold the sample size of the combination trial . Controlled Trials ISRCTN61649292 ."
2676,Abstract #2676,"with diabetic nephropathy experience a progressive and usually inexorable decline in renal function . presence of the structurally defined advanced glycation end product ( AGE ) pentosidine on tissue and circulating proteins has been correlated with the severity of diabetic complications . delineate a role for this AGE in the progression of diabetic nephropathy , glycohemoglobin and free and protein-bound pentosidine were measured in baseline stored serum and urine from a subgroup of patients with diabetes mellitus and proteinuria originally followed by the Collaborative Study Group Trial . delineate a potential role for an immune-activation response to AGEs , the inflammatory markers , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and the monocyte activation marker marker neopterin were also measured at baseline . patients chosen represented 67 subjects whose creatinine levels had `` doubled '' over the course of the study whether or not they later were treated with captopril , and 67 paired `` non-doublers . '' disease activity , as manifested by glycohemoglobin , serum creatinine and degree of proteinuria was equal in the two groups , as was protein-bound pentosidine and the immune-markers IL-6 and CRP . baseline the `` doublers '' as compared to the `` non-doublers '' had elevated serum levels of free pentosidine and neopterin . increases in these two parameters were also associated with an increased rate of `` doubling '' of serum creatinine by the proportional hazards method . in individual responsiveness to AGEs , as manifested by either the production of free pentosidine or its release from a protein-bound form , and by evidence of monocyte/macrophage activation , are associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy ."
2677,Abstract #2677,"for heart failure ( HHF ) represent a major health burden , with high rates of early postdischarge rehospitalization and mortality . investigate whether aliskiren , a direct renin inhibitor , when added to standard therapy , would reduce the rate of cardiovascular ( CV ) death or HF rehospitalization among HHF patients . , double-blind , placebo-controlled study that randomized hemodynamically stable HHF patients a median 5 days after admission . patients were 18 years or older with left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) 40 % or less , elevated natriuretic peptides ( brain natriuretic peptide [ BNP ] 400 pg/mL or N - terminal pro-BNP [ NT-proBNP ] 1600 pg/mL ) , and signs and symptoms of fluid overload . were recruited from 316 sites across North and South America , Europe , and Asia between May 2009 and December 2011 . follow-up period ended in July 2012 . patients received 150 mg ( increased to 300 mg as tolerated ) of aliskiren or placebo daily , in addition to standard therapy . study drug was continued after discharge for a median 11.3 months . OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiovascular death or HF rehospitalization at 6 months and 12 months . total , 1639 patients were randomized , with 1615 patients included in the final efficacy analysis cohort ( 808 aliskiren , 807 placebo ) . age was 65 years ; mean LVEF , 28 % ; 41 % of patients had diabetes mellitus , mean estimated glomerular filtration rate , 67 mL/min/1 .73 m2 . admission and randomization , median NT-proBNP levels were 4239 pg/mL and 2718 pg/mL , respectively . randomization , patients were receiving diuretics ( 95.9 % ) , - blockers ( 82.5 % ) , angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers ( 84.2 % ) , and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists ( 57.0 % ) . total , 24.9 % of patients receiving aliskiren ( 77 CV deaths , 153 HF rehospitalizations ) and 26.5 % of patients receiving placebo ( 85 CV deaths , 166 HF rehospitalizations ) experienced the primary end point at 6 months ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.92 ; 95 % CI , 0.76-1 .12 ; P = .41 ) . 12 months , the event rates were 35.0 % for the aliskiren group ( 126 CV deaths , 212 HF rehospitalizations ) and 37.3 % for the placebo group ( 137 CV deaths , 224 HF rehospitalizations ; HR , 0.93 ; 95 % CI , 0.79-1 .09 ; P = .36 ) . rates of hyperkalemia , hypotension , and renal impairment/renal failure were higher in the aliskiren group compared with placebo . patients hospitalized for HF with reduced LVEF , initiation of aliskiren in addition to standard therapy did not reduce CV death or HF rehospitalization at 6 months or 12 months after discharge . Identifier : NCT00894387 ."
2678,Abstract #2678,"management has been applied in community aged care to meet frail older people 's holistic needs and promote cost-effectiveness . systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of case management in community aged care on client and carer outcomes . searched Web of Science , Scopus , Medline , CINAHL ( EBSCO ) and PsycINFO ( CSA ) from inception to 2011 July . criteria were : no restriction on date , English language , community-dwelling older people and/or carers , case management in community aged care , published in refereed journals , randomized control trials ( RCTs ) or comparative observational studies , examining client or carer outcomes . of studies was assessed by using such indicators as quality control , randomization , comparability , follow-up rate , dropout , blinding assessors , and intention-to-treat analysis . reviewers independently screened potentially relevant studies , extracted information and assessed study quality . narrative summary of findings were presented . RCTs and five comparative observational studies were identified . RCT was rated high quality . outcomes included mortality ( 7 studies ) , physical or cognitive functioning ( 6 studies ) , medical conditions ( 2 studies ) , behavioral problems ( 2 studies ) , unmet service needs ( 3 studies ) , psychological health or well-being ( 7 studies ) , and satisfaction with care ( 4 studies ) , while carer outcomes included stress or burden ( 6 studies ) , satisfaction with care ( 2 studies ) , psychological health or well-being ( 5 studies ) , and social consequences ( such as social support and relationships with clients ) ( 2 studies ) . of the seven studies reported that case management in community aged care interventions significantly improved psychological health or well-being in the intervention group , while all the three studies consistently reported fewer unmet service needs among the intervention participants . contrast , available studies reported mixed results regarding client physical or cognitive functioning and carer stress or burden . was also limited evidence indicating significant effects of the interventions on the other client and carer outcomes as described above . evidence showed that case management in community aged care can improve client psychological health or well-being and unmet service needs . studies should investigate what specific components of case management are crucial in improving clients and their carers ' outcomes ."
2679,Abstract #2679,"examine first childbearing and its predictors among daughters of parents with HIV . of parents with HIV and their adolescent daughters ( n = 181 ) participated in a randomized , controlled-intervention trial designed to improve coping skills within the family , and were monitored up to 7 years . , daughters of HIV parents had a high rate of early childbearing compared to national and local rates . childbearing tended to be delayed by ( a ) being in a coping intervention , ( b ) being less emotionally distressed , ( c ) receiving academic counseling , and ( d ) having a positive perception of their family 's finances . has a negative intergenerational impact , particularly on depressed young people , which may be buffered by interventions enhancing coping and academic counseling ."
2680,Abstract #2680,"purpose of this study was to evaluate associations between prescription drug misuse ( PDM ) and sexual risk behaviors ( SRBs ) among adolescents and emerging adults . a hospital emergency department , 2,127 sexually active 14 - to 20-year-olds ( 61 % female ) reported on past-year alcohol use severity ( using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-consumption [ AUDIT-C ] ) , cannabis use , PDM ( n = 422 ) , and SRBs ( inconsistent condom use , multiple partners , intercourse following alcohol/other drug use ) . , AUDIT-C score , cannabis use , and PDM of stimulants , opioids , and sedatives were positively associated with each SRB . many participants reported PDM for multiple drug classes ( i.e. , sedatives , stimulants , opioids ) , participants were categorized as ( a ) no PDM ( n = 1,705 ) , ( b ) PDM of one class ( n = 251 ) , ( c ) PDM of two classes ( n = 90 ) , or ( d ) PDM of three classes ( n = 81 ) . hierarchical logistic regression models evaluated the associations of number of classes of PDM with SRBs separately , after accounting for demographics ( age , gender , race ) , AUDIT-C score , and cannabis use . PDM statistically improved each model beyond what was accounted for by demographics , alcohol , and cannabis use . inconsistent condom use and substance use before sex , PDM of one , two , or three classes was significantly associated with increased odds of these SRBs . of two or three classes was associated with increased odds of reporting multiple partners . suggest that PDM , especially poly-PDM , may be a pertinent risk factor for SRBs among youth . research could further evaluate how PDM , as well as other substance use , is related to SRBs at the event level in order to inform interventions ."
2681,Abstract #2681,"To compare long-term plasma lipid changes among 6 antihypertensive treatment interventions for stage I ( mild ) hypertension . Multicenter , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group clinical trial . Four academic clinical research units in the United States . A total of 902 men and women , aged 45 to 69 years , with stage I diastolic hypertension ( diastolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg ) , recruited from 11914 persons screened in their communities . Participants were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment groups : ( 1 ) placebo , ( 2 ) beta-blocker ( acebutolol ) , ( 3 ) calcium antagonist ( amlodipine ) , ( 4 ) diuretic ( chlorthalidone ) , ( 5 ) alpha1-antagonist ( doxazosin ) , and ( 6 ) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( enalapril ) . groups received intensive lifestyle counseling to achieve weight loss , dietary sodium and alcohol reduction , and increased physical activity . Changes in plasma total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol , and triglycerides from baseline to annual visits through 4 years . Mean changes in all plasma lipids were favorable in all groups . degree of weight loss with fat-modified diet and exercise was significantly related to favorable lipid changes . differences ( P < .01 ) among groups for average changes during follow-up in each lipid were observed . in plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were greater with doxazosin and acebutolol ( for plasma total cholesterol , 0.36 and 0.30 mmol/L [ 13.8 and 11.7 mg/dL ] , respectively ) , less with chlorthalidone and placebo ( 0.12 and 0.13 mmol/L [ 4.5 and 5.1 mg/dL ] , respectively ) . in triglycerides were greater with doxazosin and enalapril , least with acebutolol . in HDL cholesterol were greater with enalapril and doxazosin , least with acebutolol . relative increases in plasma total cholesterol with chlorthalidone compared with placebo at 12 months were no longer present at 24 months and beyond , when mean plasma total cholesterol for the chlorthalidone group fell below baseline . of participants continuing to receive chlorthalidone throughout the 4 years of follow-up indicated this was not due solely to an increasing percentage of participants changing or discontinuing use of medication during follow-up . Weight loss with a fat-modified diet plus increased exercise produces favorable long-term effects on blood pressure and all plasma lipid fractions of adults with stage I hypertension ; blood pressure reduction is enhanced to a similar degree by addition of a drug from any one of 5 classes of antihypertensive medication . drugs differ quantitatively in influencing the degree of long-term favorable effects on blood lipids obtained with nutritional-hygienic treatment ."
2682,Abstract #2682,"of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after the diagnosis of biliary colic may increase the probability of recurrent emergency admission while awaiting elective cholecystectomy . aim of this study was to compare the possible advantages and safety of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( ULC ) with elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( ELC ) in patients with biliary colic . 2001 and 2003 , 75 patients with biliary colic were included in this study . patients were classified into following two groups : patients who had ULC in 24 h were in group I ( n = 28 ) and patients who had ELC ( mean interval 4.22 + / - 1.42 months ) were in group II ( n = 35 ) . to open cholecystectomy , operative time , postoperative hospital stay , costs , and complications were evaluated . group II , 9 patients made a total of 13 return visits to the emergency department with recurrent attacks of biliary colic or complications of gallstone disease . operative time increased from 35.1 + / - 6.74 min for urgent laparascopic cholecystectomy to 49.9 + / - 6.12 min for ELC ( p > 0.05 ) and hospital stay time increased from 1.06 + / - 0.4 to 2.31 + / - 2.36 days ( p < 0.05 ) . to open cholecystectomy increased from 0 % in group I to 17.2 % in group II ( p < 0.05 ) . for biliary colic may be the most medically efficacious and cost-effective treatment ."
2683,Abstract #2683,"polymerization shrinkage is compensated by flow of the composite , several attempts have been performed for relief of the contraction stresses . aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of flowable composite or fiber use under composite restorations on microtensile bond strength of composite to dentin in Class I cavities or flat dentin surfaces . sound extracted human first or second mandibular molars were randomly assigned to two groups ( Class I cavities with a high c-factor or flattened dentin surfaces with a low c-factor ) . dentin surfaces were treated with adhesive resin and restored with resin composite using four different techniques ( bulk ; with flowable composite ; with a glass fiber ( everStick NET ) ; with a polyethylene fiber [ Ribbond ] ) . 24 h storage at 37 degrees C in water , the specimens were thermocycled 600 times between 5 and 55 degrees C. Microtensile test specimens with a 0.9 x 0.9 ( + / - 0.1 ) mm2 cross-sectional area were produced , and bond strength tests were carried out at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min . bond strengths were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni 's test at a 95 % significance level . composite decreased dentin bond strength in cavities with a high c-factor ( p < 0.05 ) . group restored with everStick NET showed stable bond strengths regardless of the effect of c-factor . THM used under composite restorations increased dentin bond strength in cavities with a high c-factor ( p < 0.05 ) . composite decreased dentin bond strength in cavities with a high c-factor ; however , using a glass fiber in combination with flowable resin , stable bond strengths can be achieved in cavities with a high c-factor . fiber in combination with flowable resin increases the microtensile bond strength to the dentin floor in cavities with a high c-factor ."
2684,Abstract #2684,"hemorrhage growth independently predicts disability and death . hypothesized that noncontrast quantitative CT densitometry reflects active bleeding and improves predictive models of growth . analyzed 81 of the 96 available baseline CT scans obtained < 3 hours post-ICH from the placebo arm of the phase IIb trial of recombinant factor VIIa . scans could not be analyzed for technical reasons , but baseline characteristics were not statistically significantly different . unit histograms for each ICH were generated . qCTD parameters included the following : mean , SD , coefficient of variation , skewness ( distribution asymmetry ) , and kurtosis ( `` peakedness '' versus `` flatness '' ) . densitometry parameters were examined in statistical models accounting for baseline volume and time-to-scan . coefficient of variation of the ICH attenuation was the most significant individual predictor of hematoma growth ( adjusted R ( 2 ) = 0.107 , P = .002 ) , superior to BV ( adjusted R ( 2 ) = 0.08 , P = .006 ) or TTS ( adjusted R ( 2 ) = 0.03 , P = .05 ) . most significant combined model incorporated coefficient of variation , BV , and TTS ( adjusted R ( 2 ) = 0.202 , P = .009 for coefficient of variation ) compared with BV and TTS alone ( adjusted R ( 2 ) = 0.115 , P < .05 ) . increased the number of growth predictions within 1 mL of actual 24-hour growth by up to 47 % . ICH attenuation on hyperacute ( < 3 hours ) CT imaging is predictive of subsequent hematoma expansion and may reflect an active bleeding process . studies are required to determine whether qCTD can be incorporated into standard imaging protocols for predicting ICH growth ."
2685,Abstract #2685,"microvascular circulation plays an important role in bone health . study examines whether albuminuria , a marker of renal microvascular disease , is associated with incident hip and pelvic fractures . study reanalyzed data from the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global End Point Trial/Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease trials , which examined the impact of renin angiotensin system blockade on cardiovascular outcomes ( n = 28,601 ) . was defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio30 mg/g ( n = 4597 ) . proportional hazards models were used to determine the association of albuminuria with fracture risk adjusted for known risk factors for fractures , estimated GFR , and rapid decline in estimated GFR ( 5 % / yr ) . were 276 hip and pelvic fractures during a mean of 4.6 years of follow-up . with baseline albuminuria had a significantly increased risk of fracture compared with participants without albuminuria ( unadjusted hazard ratio = 1.62 [ 1.22 , 2.15 ] , P < 0.001 ; adjusted hazard ratio = 1.36 [ 1.01 , 1.84 ] , P = 0.05 ) . dose-dependent relationship was observed , with macroalbuminuria having a large fracture risk ( unadjusted hazard ratio = 2.01 [ 1.21 , 3.35 ] , P = 0.007 ; adjusted hazard ratio = 1.71 [ 1.007 , 2.91 ] , P = 0.05 ) and microalbuminuria associating with borderline or no statistical significance ( unadjusted hazard ratio = 1.52 [ 1.10 , 2.09 ] , P = 0.01 ; adjusted hazard ratio = 1.28 [ 0.92 , 1.78 ] , P = 0.15 ) . GFR was not a predictor of fracture in any model , but rapid loss of estimated GFR over the first 2 years of follow-up predicted subsequent fracture ( adjusted hazard ratio = 1.47 [ 1.05 , 2.04 ] , P = 0.02 ) . , especially macroalbuminuria , and rapid decline of estimated GFR predict hip and pelvic fractures . findings support a theoretical model of a relationship between underlying causes of microalbuminuria and bone disease ."
2686,Abstract #2686,"determine whether combined parenteral and oral administration of oxytetracycline would ameliorate a herd outbreak of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis ( IBK ) and to compare efficacy of this regimen with that of subconjunctival administration of procaine penicillin G. field trial . Hereford calves in a herd undergoing a naturally occurring outbreak of IBK . were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 3 groups : oxytetracycline treatment , procaine penicillin G treatment , and control . initial treatment , calves were examined 3 times/wk for 7 weeks . surface area of all corneal ulcers was measured during each examination . secretions were collected from all calves at least weekly and were tested for Moraxella bovis . treated with oxytetracycline had a lower prevalence of IBK than did calves treated with procaine penicillin G or control calves and required fewer additional treatments than did calves treated with procaine penicillin G. Mean time for healing of corneal ulcers was significantly less for calves that received oxytetracycline or procaine penicillin G than for control calves . treated with oxytetracycline developed fewer corneal ulcers and fewer recurrent ulcers than did calves in the other groups . bovis was isolated less often from ocular secretions collected from calves in the oxytetracycline group than from calves in the other groups . parenteral and oral administration of oxytetracycline appears to be an effective method of reducing severity of a herd outbreak of IBK and may be superior to treatment of affected animals with procaine penicillin G."
2687,Abstract #2687,"compare the effects of surgical and latex banding methods of castration in 14 - and 9-month-old bulls . randomised , controlled experiments . Experiment 1 , following administration of local anaesthetic , 14-month-old bulls were castrated by either surgical or banding methods , or left entire . , plasma cortisol , plasma haptoglobin and bodyweight responses were recorded . group of steers from the same mob was used as an additional comparison for bodyweight data . Experiment 2 , following administration of local anaesthetic , 9-month-old bulls were castrated by either surgical or banding methods and cortisol , haptoglobin and bodyweight responses were recorded . bulls from the same group were used as an additional comparison for bodyweight data . Experiment 1 , surgical castrates exhibited more leg stamping and tail swishing than banded or entire animals in the hours after castration . castrates in both experiments also showed an increase in plasma haptoglobin , which resolved after 4 days . cortisol was generally not affected by castration . castrates grew more slowly than entire bulls , but faster than banded animals , in the 56 days after treatment . Experiment 1 , after 56 days , the bodyweights of surgical and banded castrates were not different from the bodyweights of the steers . banded cattle developed persistent wounds above the latex band which remained for several weeks after scrotal dehiscence , but this did not occur in the 9-month-old animals . banding procedure produced fewer acute effects , but a greater suppression of growth than surgical castration and induced prolonged wound formation in the older age group , suggesting that this procedure may not be as suitable for yearling cattle ."
2688,Abstract #2688,"study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of oxatomide in patients with atopic dermatitis , caused by alimentary allergy established by prick test and/or Rast and/or challenge test . the study , carried out in a paediatric clinic , 40 children ( 24 males , 16 females ) , aged between 6 months and 12 years , were randomized in two groups . children were treated with oxatomide ( 1 mg/kg/day ) in one evening dose and the other 20 were treated at the same dosage , divided into two administrations . the case of poor therapeutic response , 15 days after the start of treatment , it was possible to double the dosage . skin symptoms were monitored for the efficacy . all symptoms there was a significant reduction of severity within the fifteenth day ( p < 0.01 ) . eight children showed significant improvement with the disappearance of both cutaneous lesions and itching ; to achieve these results in four cases ( 3 BID , 1 UID ) it was necessary to double the dose ( 2 mg/kg/day ) . children achieved a fair control of itching , with a slight improvement of eczema , while five children , despite the increase in dosage of the drug , did not get any substantial benefit . children were lost in follow-up , while in another case treatment was suspended because of the onset of an urticarious rash . results confirm the efficacy of oxatomide in the control of itching connected with alimentary allergy independently of the posological scheme . was excellent in both groups and no important side-effects were recorded ."
2689,Abstract #2689,"explore the effect of Tongyouqing treating the C-IBS . to rome standard II , fifty-eithy C-IBS patients were randomly divided into two groups . group ( 28 cases ) were given tijiaseluo ( 6 mg , qd ) . group ( 30 cases ) were given Tongyouqing . treatment for 4 weeks , observing and comparing the two groups IBS symptom between treatment before and later ( Bristol score , abdominal distention , abdominal angina , constipation , partial defecation , belch , mind ) . understand the condition of the colonic dynamic by colonic transit trial . the effective rate of the two group and the proportion of patients still choosing the medicine which they were given . symptom score of the two groups patients , there were signifi-cant differences between the two groups before treatment and after treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . treatment , treatment group is prefer to control group in the improvement of the colonic dynamic ( P < 0.05 ) . effective rate and the proportion of patients still choosing the medicine which they were given of treatment group is also more higher than control group . can relieve the gastrointestinal symptom , improve the fecal character , lessen abdominal distention and abdominal angina , increase the defecating times , improve the colonic dynamic , improve the mind state quilkly and manifestly . is an effective method to treat C-IBS . deserves clinical spreading , its mechnism needs further study ."
2690,Abstract #2690,"study sought to determine whether a moderate intensity supervised exercise training program , performed immediately after an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction , improves recovery in cardiac autonomic function compared with standard advice about activity at home . training has beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic function and may improve prognosis after acute myocardial infarction . male and 10 female patients , mean ( + / - SE ) age 57 + / - 1 years , with an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction were randomized to either a 6-week moderate intensity supervised hospital-based exercise training program ( exercise group ) or to an unsupervised low intensity home walking program ( control group ) . measures included changes in baroreflex sensitivity ( phenylephrine bolus method ) and heart rate variability ( 24-h Holter monitoring ) and the endurance time at 85 % of peak oxygen consumption . baseline , there were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction ( 57 + / - 2 % vs. 53 + / - 2 % ) , frequency of anterior infarction ( 27 % vs. 18 % ) and peak creatine kinase ( 1,256 + / - 170 vs. 2,599 + / - 295 IU ) between the exercise and control groups . sensitivity ( 10.5 + / - 1.0 vs. 8.4 + / - 1.2 ms/mm Hg ) and time domain measures of heart rate variability were also similar . completion of the program , the exercise group exercised for a median of 15 min ( interquartile range 12 to 25 ) at a workload of 104 + / - 7 W compared with 7 min ( interquartile range 3.5 to 12 ) at a workload of 89 + / - 8 W in the control group ( p < 0.01 ) . were significant ( p < 0.001 ) improvements in baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability for the 49 patients combined but no differences between the exercise and control groups . sensitivity improved by 3.4 + / - 1.0 and 1.7 + / - 1.0 ms/mm Hg and the standard deviation of 24-h RR intervals by 36 + / - 6 and 40 + / - 10 ms , respectively ( p > 0.1 ) . hospital-based exercise training program increased endurance capacity but did not improve recovery of cardiovascular antonomic function after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction ."
2691,Abstract #2691,"examine the association between decreased release of proinflammatory cytokines in response to urinary trypsin inhibitor pretreatment and decreased myocardial and lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass . prospective , randomized , double-blind study . hospital . patients on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting . received 5000 units/kg intravenous urinary trypsin inhibitor ( n = 15 ) or 0.9 % saline ( control , n = 15 ) immediately before aortic cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass . elastase , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , interleukin-6 , and interleukin-8 were measured after intubation ( T1 ) , immediately before aortic cannulation ( T2 ) , after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass ( T3 ) , at the end of surgery ( T4 ) , and on postoperative days 1 ( T5 ) , 3 ( T6 ) , and 5 ( T7 ) . hematocrit values were obtained at all sample times . of creatine kinase with muscle and brain subunits , troponin-T , and myosin light chain I were also measured . hemodynamic and pulmonary data were obtained perioperatively . of neutrophil elastase and cytokines were corrected for hemodilution . and interleukin-8 levels were lower at T3 and T4 in the urinary trypsin inhibitor group than in the control group . volume index was significantly decreased in the control group at T3 , and statistical difference was found between groups at T3 ( p < .01 ) . index and intrapulmonary shunt were significantly higher in the control group than in the urinary trypsin inhibitor group at T3 . in respiratory index and intrapulmonary shunt correlated with interleukin-8 levels at T3 ( r = .52 , p < 00001 ; r = .37 , p < 0001 , respectively ) and T4 ( r = .44 , p < .001 ; r = .24 , p < .05 , respectively ) . elastase levels and cardiac marker responses to coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were similar in both groups . administration of urinary trypsin inhibitor attenuates the elevation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 release immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass ."
2692,Abstract #2692,"evaluate the effect of fluoxetine hydrochloride vs placebo on major depressive disorder , substance use disorder ( SUD ) , and conduct disorder ( CD ) in adolescents receiving cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) for SUD . controlled trial . single-site study conducted between May 2001 and August 2004 . hundred twenty-six adolescents aged 13 to 19 years recruited from the community and meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( Fourth Edition ) diagnostic criteria for current major depressive disorder , lifetime CD , and at least 1 nontobacco SUD . weeks of fluoxetine hydrochloride , 20 mg/d , or placebo , with CBT . depression , Childhood Depression Rating Scale-Revised and Clinical Global Impression Improvement ; for SUD , self-reported nontobacco substance use and urine substance use screen results in the past 30 days ; and for CD , self-reported symptoms in the past 30 days . combined with CBT had greater efficacy than did placebo and CBT according to changes on the Childhood Depression Rating Scale-Revised ( effect size , 0.78 ) but not on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement treatment response ( 76 % and 67 % , respectively ; relative risk , 1.08 ) . was an overall decrease in self-reported substance use ( 4.31 days ; 95 % confidence interval , 2.12-6 .50 ) and CD symptoms ( relative risk , 1.20 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.82-1 .59 ) , but neither difference between groups was statistically significant . proportion of substance-free weekly urine screen results was higher in the placebo-CBT group than in the fluoxetine-CBT group ( mean difference , 2.10 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.37-4 .15 ) . and CBT had greater efficacy than did placebo and CBT on one but not both depression measures and was not associated with greater decline in self-reported substance use or CD symptoms . CBT may have contributed to higher-than-expected treatment response and mixed efficacy findings , despite its focus on SUD ."
2693,Abstract #2693,"study was undertaken to determine if patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be discharged home 4 h postoperatively with similar outcomes as patients admitted overnight . were randomized to an outpatient group ( OP ) , consisting of patients who were discharged after a 4-h stay in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit ( PACU ) , or to an inpatient group . compared between the two groups included patient demographics ; degree of postoperative pain , nausea , vomiting , and patient satisfaction ; amount of pain and nausea medication taken ; and number of phone calls , readmissions , or complications . analysis was performed with students t-test , Fisher 's exact test , and Wilcoxon 's signed rank and rank sums tests as appropriate . patients were initially enrolled . were converted and 4 required admission after being randomized to the OP group . in the OP group received more oral pain medication prior to PACU discharge . of pain , number of phone calls , readmission and complication rates , and patient satisfaction were similar between both groups . the 4 unexpected admissions , all were identified within the 4-h PACU stay . undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy who are discharged home 4 h postoperatively will experience the same satisfaction with no increase in complications as patients admitted overnight ."
2694,Abstract #2694,"sedation/analgesia for colonoscopy is accompanied with certain risks and postprocedure drowsiness . sought to determine whether inhaled nitrous oxide ( Entonox : 50 % nitrous oxide , 50 % oxygen ) provides adequate analgesia for colonoscopy and the impact of this agent on recovery . patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were considered for the study ( n = 248 ) except those with previous colonic resection . for patients unsuitable for randomization ( n = 58 ) and those who declined to participate ( n = 88 ) were also analyzed . hundred two patients were randomized to receive inhaled Entonox alone ( n = 56 ) or intravenous midazolam and meperidine ( n = 46 ) . ( 88 % ) patients randomized to Entonox underwent complete colonoscopy without conversion to intravenous medications . patients reported more pain ( p < 0.0001 ) , tolerated colonoscopy less well ( p < 0.0001 ) , were less satisfied ( p = 0.01 ) , and less willing to undergo colonoscopy again under the same circumstances ( p = 0.04 ) . patients receiving intravenous medication , 91 % found colonoscopy less unpleasant and 9 % as unpleasant as anticipated ; this compares with 52 % and 21 % Entonox patients , respectively , and an additional 27 % Entonox patients who found colonoscopy more unpleasant than anticipated . was faster among Entonox patients ( median 30 versus 60 minutes , p < 0.0001 ) . is less effective than midazolam with meperidine for colonoscopy but is acceptable in many patients and allows faster recovery ."
2695,Abstract #2695,"study was planned to compare the traditional method of laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC ) versus LC using harmonic as regard the safety and efficacy . study included group A ( 70 patients ) in whom LC was conducted using the traditional method ( TM ) by clipping both cystic duct and artery and dissection of gallbladder from liver bed by diathermy , and group B ( 70 patients ) LC was conducted using harmonic scalpel ( HS ) closure and division of both cystic duct and artery and dissection of gallbladder from liver bed by HS . intraoperative and postoperative parameters were collected including duration of operation , postoperative pain , and complications . provides a shorter operative duration than TM ( 33.21 + 9.6 vs. 51.7 + 13.79 , respectively , p = 0.001 ) , with a significant less incidence of gallbladder peroration ( 7.1 % vs. 18.6 , p = 0.04 ) and less rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy but not reach a statistical significance . amount of postoperative drainage is significantly less in HS ( 29 + 30 vs. 47.7 + 31 , p = 0.001 ) . postoperative bile leak was encountered in HS , but it occurred in 2.9 % of patients in TM . in HS at 12 h postoperative was 3.25 + 1.84 vs 5.01 + 1.2 ( p = 0.001 ) and at 24 h postoperative was 3.12 + 1.64 vs. 4.48 + 1.89 ( p = 0.001 ) . provides a complete hemobiliary stasis and is a safe alternative to stander clip of cystic duct and artery . provides a shorter operative duration , less incidence of gallbladder perforation , less postoperative pain , and less rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy ."
2696,Abstract #2696,"dependence is a chronic condition requiring repeat treatment and long-term follow-up . , current evidence regarding best approaches to providing these services is fairly limited . study assessed the effectiveness of an intervention for increasing repeat tobacco-dependence treatment in a population of relapsed smokers . study was a multicenter randomized controlled trial . aged 19 and older receiving a prescription for nicotine replacement therapy or bupropion for smoking cessation in 2002 at one of five participating Veterans Affairs ( VA ) facilities were eligible . total of 1900 eligible veterans were randomized to ( 1 ) patient phone call to assess smoking status , quit challenges , and treatment preferences , and computerized progress note to providers communicating this information ( intervention ) ; or ( 2 ) usual care ( control ) . , assessed in 2003 , included the proportion of patients receiving repeat pharmacologic or behavioral smoking-cessation treatment in the 6-month follow-up period ( assessed from VA pharmacy and outpatient data ) , 7-day point prevalence abstinence , and satisfaction ( assessed by patient survey ) . percent of intervention participants versus 22 % of controls received treatment for tobacco dependence in the follow-up period ( p = 0.0001 ) . percent of intervention participants versus 21 % of controls received pharmacologic treatment ( p = 0.0001 ) , and 12 % of intervention subjects versus 8 % of controls received behavioral treatment ( p = 0.005 ) . rates at follow-up were 25 % for intervention subjects and 22 % for controls ( p = 0.15 ) . subjects were more likely than controls to report being satisfied with the general smoking-cessation help ( 87 % vs 82 % , p = 0.01 ) , as well as the pharmacologic help that they received from the VA ( 89 vs 84 % , p = 0.01 ) . intervention significantly increased repeat treatment rates and satisfaction with services but did not have a significant effect on abstinence rates ."
2697,Abstract #2697,"homocysteine concentrations may be neurotoxic and contribute to cognitive decline in older persons . objective was to examine the effect of supplementation with folic acid , vitamin B-12 , and vitamin B-6 on cognitive change in women with cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) or CVD risk factors . Women 's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study is a randomized placebo-controlled trial designed to test the effect of a combination of B vitamins ( 2.5 mg folic acid/d , 50 mg vitamin B-6 / d , and 1 mg vitamin B-12 / d ) on secondary prevention of CVD . health professionals aged > or = 40 y ( n = 5442 ) with CVD or > or = 3 coronary risk factors in 1998 ( after folic acid fortification began in the United States ) were randomly assigned to treatment . after randomization ( mean : 1.2 y ) , a substudy of cognitive function was initiated among 2009 participants aged > or = 65 y. Telephone cognitive function testing was administered up to 4 times over 5.4 y with 5 tests of general cognition , verbal memory , and category fluency . analyses were conducted , and the primary outcome was a global composite score averaging all test results . cognitive change from baseline did not differ between the B vitamin and placebo groups ( difference in change in global score : 0.03 ; 95 % CI : -0.03 , 0.08 ; P = 0.30 ) . , supplementation appeared to preserve cognition among women with a low baseline dietary intake of B vitamins . B vitamin supplementation did not delay cognitive decline among women with CVD or CVD risk factors . possible cognitive benefits of supplementation among women with a low dietary intake of B vitamins warrant further study ."
2698,Abstract #2698,"investigate the influence of early enteral nutrition with synbiotics on the plasma endotoxin level , the nutritional state , the inflammatory response and the incidence of infectious complications in severely burned patients . double blind and control method was employed im the study . severely burned patients were randomly divided into A and B groups with 20 in each group . patients in group A received early enteral nutrition with synbiotics including four kinds of lactic acid bacteria and four kinds of fibers , while those in group B received early enteral nutrition with synbiotics including only four kinds of fibers . patients with 80 % to 280 % coefficient unit burned surface ( UBS ) were further divided into A1 ( n = 10 ) and B1 ( n = 11 ) groups . plasma endotoxin level in group A and B was determined dynamically on the 1st , 3rd , 7th , 10th , 14th , and 21st postburn days ( PBD ) , and its abnormal rate in both groups was statistically analyzed in correlation with the normal endotoxin level . , the mortality , the incidence of infectious complications and the blood bacterial culture results were compared between the two groups . plasma levels of IL-1 , IL-6 and prognostic inflammatory nutrition index ( PINI ) were also determined at the above time points . plasma endotoxin level in group A ( 37.9 + / - 5.4 ) ng/L was evidently lower than that in group B ( 59.1 + / - 7.9 ) ng/L ( P < 0.05 ) on 10 PBD . abnormal rate of plasma endotoxin in group A ( 36.7 % ) was evidently lower than that ( 49.2 % ) in group B ( P < 0.05 ) . culture was positive in 3 patients in group A , and 5 in group B. was no obvious difference in the incidence of infectious complication between the two groups . patients died in group A and 1 group B. was no obvious difference in plasma IL-1 level between A1 and B1 groups at different time points . plasma IL-6 level in A1 group in 10th and 14th PBD was evidently lower than that in B1 group ( P < 0.05 ) . PINI in A1 group on the 10 PBD was remarkably lower than that in B1 group . enteral nutrition with synbiotics was helpful in decreasing inflammatory stress response and lowering the plasma endotoxin level . supplementation of synbiotics might be beneficial to the controlling of burn infection ."
2699,Abstract #2699,"evaluate the bioequivalence between two 250 mg-tablets of lysine clonixinate , Dorixina Forte ( Siegfried Rhein , Mxico ) as reference product , and Prestodol ( Farmaceticos Rayere , S.A. , Mxico ) as test formulation . healthy adult female Mexican volunteers received a single oral dose of 250-mg lysine clonixinate under fasting conditions . drug was administered following a randomized , two-period , two-sequence , cross-over design . serial blood samples were collected up to 8 h after dosing , and clonixin ( CLX ) was measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography ( UPLC ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry . logarithm values of Cmax and area under the curve ( AUC ) were used to construct a classic confidence interval at 90 % ( 90 % CI ) . was established if 90 % CI of mean ratios ( test/reference ) fall within the 0.8-1 .25 range . formed a homogeneous population in terms of age ( 27.2 + / - 6.3 years ) , weight ( 55.9 + / - 6.5 kg ) , height ( 1.6 + / - 0.04 m ) , and body mass index ( BMI ) ( 22.91 + / - 2.03 kg/m ( 2 ) ) . formulation exhibited the following pharmacokinetics : C ( max ) ( 32.39 + / - 8.32 microg/ml ) ; t ( max ) ( 0.64 + / - 0.2 h ) ; AUC0-8h ( 48.92 + / - 16.51 microg x h/ml ) ; t1/2 ( 1.3 + / - 0.24 h ) ; CLapp ( 5.64 + / - 1.99 l/h ) , and Vdapp ( 10.22 + / - 2.9 l ) . bioequivalence , 90 % CI were : C ( max ) ( 82.32 - 98.79 ) , AUC0-t ( 94.59-106 .29 ) , and AUC ( 0-inf ) ( 94.61-106 .42 ) , with a statistical power of > 0.90 at every tested interval . single-dose study found that both 250-mg immediate-release tablets of lysine clonixinate met the Mexican regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these volunteers ."
2700,Abstract #2700,"of families headed by single mothers are at increased risk of psychosocial disadvantage and mental health problems . assessed the effect of a community-based program of social support and education groups for single mothers of young children on maternal well-being and parenting . recruited 116 single mothers of children 3 to 9 years old through community advertisements . mothers were randomly assigned either to participate in a 10-week program of group sessions ( 1.5 hours per week ) offering social support and education , with a parallel children 's activity group , or to receive a standard list of community resources and the option to participate in group sessions at the end of the follow-up period . blinded to the randomization collected assessment data from all mothers at baseline and at 3 follow-up visits ( immediately after the intervention and at 3 and 6 months after the intervention ) . measures were self-reported mood , self-esteem , social support and parenting . February 2000 and April 2003 , the program was offered to 9 groups of single mothers . of the mothers in the trial reported high levels of financial and mental health problems . the short term ( after the intervention ) , mothers in the intervention group had improved scores for mood ( p < 0.01 , standardized effect = 0.55 ) and self-esteem ( p < 0.05 , standardized effect = 0.29 ) compared with mothers in the control group ; scores for the other 2 measures did not differ between the groups . curve analysis of program effects over the follow-up period showed improvement in all 4 outcomes , with no significant difference between the intervention and control groups . community-based program of group sessions offering social support and education to low-income single mothers had positive short-term effects on mood and self-esteem but not on social support and parenting . follow-up showed attenuation of these effects ."
2701,Abstract #2701,"Germany the implementation of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccination for women aged 12-17 years was accompanied by various campaigns . information including numerical data was not provided . , standard information leads to overestimation of cancer risk and effects of HPV vaccination . in children 's ability to deal with numerical data is low , especially in disadvantaged pupils . aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a standard leaflet with an information leaflet supplemented with numerical data on ` risk knowledge ' regarding HPV vaccination among schoolgirls . short-term trial . 108 schoolgirls of seven school classes were asked to participate and 105 agreed . were vocational schoolgirls who were preparing for grade 10 graduation and who were members of the target group for HPV vaccination . control group was asked to read a standard leaflet on HPV vaccination of the German Women 's Health Network . intervention group received the same leaflet , but it was supplemented with numerical information on cancer risk and assumed effects of the HPV vaccination on cancer prevention . baseline characteristics we surveyed : age , vaccination status , attitude towards HPV vaccination and aspects regarding migration background . primary end point was ` risk knowledge ' . surveys were performed under experimental conditions . randomisation , participants , and intention-to-treat data analyses were blinded . study was approved by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Schleswig-Holstein and the ethics committee of the Hamburg Chamber of Physicians . analysed ` risk knowledge ' for all 105 randomised participants . characteristics of the two groups were comparable . risk information recipients were more likely to give correct answers compared to standard information recipients : Mean value of risk knowledge score ( 0-5 points ) : 4.61.0 vs. 2.61.2 ( mean difference 2.0 ( 95 % CI 1.6-2 .4 ) ) ; ( P < 0.001 ) . hoc distractor analysis of single items was performed . answers of control participants indicated that cervical cancer risk was highly overestimated whereas total cancer risk was mostly underestimated , and possible impact of HPV vaccination on cancer prevention was overestimated . health information on HPV vaccination with numerical data improves ` risk knowledge ' among schoolgirls ."
2702,Abstract #2702,"routes of administering immunotherapy in respiratory allergy are being studied as an alternative to conventional injective immunotherapy . carried out a study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and effects of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with Parietaria judaica-induced respiratory allergy . double-blind , placebo-controlled design was followed . patients with P. judaica rhinoconjunctivitis , mild asthma , or both were randomly chosen for sublingual immunotherapy ( 14 patients ) or placebo treatment ( 16 patients ) . patients underwent preseasonal rush induction treatment followed by coseasonal maintenance treatment during the Parietaria pollen season . and drug scores , as well as specific IgE and specific IgG4 , were recorded . lower symptom and drug scores were found ( P = 0.04 ) , especially during the Parietaria pollination period , in the immunotherapy group . significant difference in specific IgE and specific IgG4 was detected between the active and placebo groups ; a statistically significant increase of specific IgE was detected in both groups ( P = 0.05 ) . patient undergoing active sublingual immunotherapy reported local or systemic side-effects . data suggest that sublingual immunotherapy is both clinically effective and safe in treating patients with Parietaria-induced rhinoconjunctivitis and mild asthma ."
2703,Abstract #2703,"respiration with central sleep apnea ( CSR-CSA ) is commonly observed in patients with congestive heart failure ( CHF ) , in which it is an independent risk factor for death . CSR-CSA may , therefore , improve outcomes in patients with CHF . Canadian Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Trial for Congestive Heart Failure Patients with Central Sleep Apnea ( CANPAP ) is a multicentre , randomized , controlled clinical trial designed to test the hypothesis that treating CSR-CSA with continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) will reduce the combined rate of all-cause mortality and cardiac transplantation in patients with CHF . outcomes include the severity of CSR-CSA , left ventricular volumes and function , submaximal exercise capacity , quality of life and hospital admissions . aim is to enroll 408 patients with CHF ( New York Heart Association class II to IV and left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40 % ) and CSR-CSA over a five-year period . are randomly assigned to either standard medical therapy for CHF or standard medical therapy plus CPAP . trial has 80 % power to detect a 35 % between-group treatment difference for the all-cause mortality-cardiac transplantation rate . will assess the role of oximetry as a screening tool for detecting CSR-CSA in patients with CHF , and the effects of CPAP on cardiac arrhythmias and plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides and catecholamines . CANPAP trial will help to define the role of CPAP better as a nonpharmacological intervention for the treatment of patients with CHF who have CSR-CSA ."
2704,Abstract #2704,"is known about the longitudinal changes in the ciliated respiratory epithelium of infants following viral bronchiolitis . study was undertaken to investigate the time required for the ciliated epithelium to return to normal following bronchiolitis in infants treated with inhaled steroids or placebo . one previously healthy term infants were studied as part of a clinical trial to determine the effect of 12 weeks of treatment with inhaled fluticasone ( FP ) or placebo via a spacer device ( 17 FP , 14 placebo ) . healthy children aged 0-6 years previously studied in our department were used as controls . biopsy specimens were taken from infants with bronchiolitis and ciliary beat frequency ( CBF ) was measured before treatment and repeated 3 , 6 , 12 , and 24 weeks later . epithelial ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy and a normal errors mixed model based on normal controls was used to examine the time for cilia to return to normal in bronchiolitic infants . mean CBF of infants with bronchiolitis ( in Hz ) at weeks 0 , 3 , 6 , 12 , and 24 were 0.5 ( n = 4 ) , 10.9 ( n = 4 ) , 12.0 ( n = 9 ) , 11.9 ( n = 8 ) , and 12.1 ( n = 7 ) in the placebo group and 10.6 ( n = 6 ) , 11.4 ( n = 9 ) , 8.8 ( n = 8 ) , 10.9 ( n = 4 ) , and 13.2 ( n = 7 ) in the FP group . time for the epithelial ultrastructure to normalise was as follows : epithelial integrity score ( 13.1 weeks ) , % ciliated cells with loss of cilia ( 14.0 weeks ) , and % epithelial cells with abnormalities in projection ( 16.7 weeks ) or mitochondria ( 15.9 weeks ) . steroids had no significant effects on CBF or epithelial ultrastructure . loss and epithelial abnormalities persist on average for 13-17 weeks following acute bronchiolitis in infancy ."
2705,Abstract #2705,"epidemiologic studies , sunscreen use is associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma , basal cell skin cancer , and higher numbers of nevi . has been proposed that sunscreens may encourage prolonged sun exposure because they delay sunburn occurrence . examined whether , under habitual conditions of sunscreen use , the sun-protection factor ( SPF ) had an influence on sun-exposure duration . the 1997 summer holidays , we randomly assigned 87 French and Swiss participants who were 18-24 years of age to receive an SPF 10 or an SPF 30 sunscreen . medical personnel nor study participants were aware of their sunscreen assignment . were asked to complete daily records of their sun exposure . avoid influencing the recreational sun-exposure habits of the study participants , no recommendation was made about sun exposure or sun protection . , participants were told that the trial end point was the number of pigmented skin lesions before and after the holidays . subject was lost to follow-up . statistical tests were two-sided . SPF 10 ( n = 44 ) and SPF 30 ( n = 42 ) groups had equivalent mean holiday durations ( 19.4 days versus 20.2 days ) and mean quantities of sunscreen used ( 72.3 g versus 71.6 g ) . mean cumulative sun exposures for the two groups were 58.2 hours and 72.6 hours , respectively ( P = .011 ) . mean daily durations of sunbathing were 2.6 and 3.1 hours , respectively ( P = .0013 ) , and , for outdoor activities , they were 3.6 and 3.8 hours , respectively ( P = .62 ) . was no difference in sunburn experience between the two groups . of higher SPF sunscreen seems to increase the duration of recreational sun exposure of young white Europeans ."
2706,Abstract #2706,"studies demonstrated , and replicated , an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) within the GABRA2 gene and risk for alcohol dependence . present study examines the association of a GABRA2 SNP with another definition of alcohol involvement and with the effects of psychosocial treatment . subjects ( n = 812 , 73.4 % male ) provided DNA samples for the analysis . were participants in Project Matching Alcoholism Treatment to Client Heterogeneity ( MATCH ) , a multi-center randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of 3 types of psychosocial treatment for alcoholism : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( CBT ) , Motivational Enhancement Therapy ( MET ) , or twelve-step facilitation ( TSF ) . daily probabilities of drinking and heavy drinking were estimated during the 12-week treatment and 12-month post-treatment periods . homozygous for the allele associated with low risk for alcohol dependence in previous studies had lower daily probabilities of drinking and heavy drinking in the present study . low-risk allele was also associated with a greater difference in drinking outcomes between the treatments . addition , it enhanced the relative superiority of TSF over CBT and MET . stratification was excluded as a confound using ancestry informative marker analysis . assessment of genetic vulnerability may be relevant to studies of the efficacy of psychosocial treatment : GABRA2 genotype modifies the variance in drinking and can therefore moderate power for resolving differences between treatments ."
2707,Abstract #2707,"investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships among exercise , sleep , ghrelin and leptin . randomly assigned 173 post-menopausal sedentary overweight ( body mass index > or = 24.0 kg/m ( 2 ) and > 33 % body fat ) women aged 50-75 years living in western Washington State to either a facility - and home-based moderate-intensity physical activity intervention or a stretching control group . plasma ghrelin , leptin , measured height , weight and self-reported sleep were assessed at baseline and 12 months . were no consistent cross-sectional patterns between self-reported sleep measures and ghrelin or leptin at baseline . weight loss differences between exercisers and stretchers were greater for those who slept less at follow-up than at baseline compared to those whose sleep duration did not change ( -3.2 kg , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) -5.8 , -0.5 ) . in sleep quality were associated with significantly greater differences between exercisers and stretchers for ghrelin increases ( improved vs same sleep quality : +115 pg/ml , 95 % CI +25 , +206 ) and leptin decreases ( improved vs worsened sleep quality : -5.7 ng/ml , 95 % CI -9.5 , -1.5 ) . was only limited evidence that changes in sleep duration or quality modified exercise-induced changes in weight , ghrelin or leptin . , the observed differences were not in the directions hypothesized . longitudinal studies including population-based samples using objective measures of sleep and long follow-up may help to clarify these relationships ."
2708,Abstract #2708,"oil ( OO ) consumption is associated with cardiovascular disease prevention because of both its oleic acid and phenolic contents . capacity of OO phenolics to protect against low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) oxidation is the basis for a health claim by the European Food Safety Authority . biomarkers enable an early , presymptomatic diagnosis of disease , which makes them important and effective , but understudied , tools for primary prevention . evaluated the impact of supplementation with OO , either low or high in phenolics , on urinary proteomic biomarkers of coronary artery disease ( CAD ) , chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) , and diabetes . healthy participants ( n = 69 ) were randomly allocated ( stratified block random assignment ) according to age and body mass index to supplementation with a daily 20-mL dose of OO either low or high in phenolics ( 18 compared with 286 mg caffeic acid equivalents per kg , respectively ) for 6 wk . proteomic biomarkers were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 wk alongside blood lipids , the antioxidant capacity , and glycation markers . consumption of both OOs improved the proteomic CAD score at endpoint compared with baseline ( mean improvement : -0.3 for low-phenolic OO and -0.2 for high-phenolic OO ; P < 0.01 ) but not CKD or diabetes proteomic biomarkers . , there was no difference between groups for changes in proteomic biomarkers or any secondary outcomes including plasma triacylglycerols , oxidized LDL , and LDL cholesterol . comparison with low-phenolic OO , supplementation for 6 wk with high-phenolic OO does not lead to an improvement in cardiovascular health markers in a healthy cohort ."
2709,Abstract #2709,"is unclear why women decide to undergo testing for HIV , and how positive and negative testresults impact their sexual behavior . sample of 360 family planning clinic clients in New York City were randomly assigned to receive a four - or eight-week intervention aimed at reducing sexual risk or to serve as controls . on their HIV testing experiences was gathered through interviews at baseline and one month , six months and one year after the intervention . baseline , 67 % of women had been tested for HIV . predominant reason for not being tested was anxiety about the result . of their testing status at baseline , more than 40 % of the women believed that getting tested is a good way to prevent acquiring HIV . in the intervention who had been tested multiple times or had last been tested more than six months ago were more likely than women in the control group to initiate HIV testing by the one-month follow-up ( relative risk , 2.9 and 6.1 , respectively ) . of mutual testing ( being tested at the same time as one 's partner ) were significantly greater among women who participated in an intervention than among controls at the one-month and six-month interviews . test counseling must emphasize that testing is not a prevention strategy in and of itself . testing , although not without risks , offers the safest possible alternative for monogamous couples who choose to forgo condoms ."
2710,Abstract #2710,"this study was initiated , no previous studies comparing methotrexate and ciclosporin for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis had been performed . compare the effectiveness , quality of life and side-effects of methotrexate and ciclosporin treatments in a context reflecting normal clinical practice . patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were randomized to treatment with methotrexate or ciclosporin for 12 weeks . primary outcome was the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ( PASI ) . secondary outcome was quality of life , measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index ( DLQI ) and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey ( SF-36 ) . visual analogue scale ( VAS ) was used for patients ' assessment . patients started treatment and were included in the analysis . before initiation of treatment was higher in the ciclosporin group . PASI change from baseline at 12 weeks was 58 % in the methotrexate group and 72 % in the ciclosporin group , showing ciclosporin to be more effective than methotrexate . of the VAS score was higher in the ciclosporin group . methotrexate group showed a greater improvement in the subscale Physical Functioning of the SF-36 . significant difference between the groups was found for DLQI . with methotrexate or ciclosporin for chronic plaque psoriasis brings satisfactory disease control , improved quality of life and tolerable side-effects . statistically significant difference in effectiveness between treatment groups was recorded , showing ciclosporin to be more effective than methotrexate in a short-term perspective ."
2711,Abstract #2711,"prior studies on selective attention in the setting of total sleep deprivation ( SD ) have focused on behavior or activation within fronto-parietal cognitive control areas . , we evaluated the effects of SD on the top-down biasing of activation of ventral visual cortex and on functional connectivity between cognitive control and other brain regions . healthy young adult volunteers underwent fMRI after a normal night of sleep ( RW ) and after sleep deprivation in a counterbalanced manner while performing a selective attention task . this task , pictures of houses or faces were randomly interleaved among scrambled images . different blocks , volunteers responded to house but not face pictures , face but not house pictures , or passively viewed pictures without responding . appearance of task-relevant pictures was unpredictable in this paradigm . resulted in less accurate detection of target pictures without affecting the mean false alarm rate or response time . addition to a reduction of fronto-parietal activation , attending to houses strongly modulated parahippocampal place area ( PPA ) activation during RW , but this attention-driven biasing of PPA activation was abolished following SD . , SD resulted in a significant decrement in functional connectivity between the PPA and two cognitive control areas , the left intraparietal sulcus and the left inferior frontal lobe . impairs selective attention as evidenced by reduced selectivity in PPA activation . , reduction in fronto-parietal and ventral visual task-related activation suggests that it also affects sustained attention . in functional connectivity may be an important additional imaging parameter to consider in characterizing the effects of sleep deprivation on cognition ."
2712,Abstract #2712,"of various drugs by aerosol inhalation is the mainstay of treatment of asthma . delivery systems have been developed for children , each having its own advantages and disadvantages . comparing the clinical efficacy of metered dose inhalers ( MDI ) and dry powder inhalers ( DPI ) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma in children are limited . conducted a study to compare the response to salbutamol inhalation delivered by metered dose inhaler with a spacer versus rotahaler ( DPI ) in children presenting with mild or moderate acute exacerbations of asthma . in the age group of 5-15 years who presented with a mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma were randomized to receive 400 micrograms salbutamol by either a MDI with spacer or a DPI . changes in the wheezing and accessory muscle scores , SaO2 , and PEFR were recorded and subjected to statistical tests for significance . hundred and fifty three children were studied ; 78 were assigned to the MDI-spacer group and 75 to rotahaler ( DPI ) group . receiving treatment , the PEFR improved by about 11 % in both the groups . oxygen saturation increased by 2 % in both the groups . each group , the improvement in PEFR , SaO2 , wheeze and accessory muscle score after the treatment was statistically significant . both the groups the children co-operated equally well . dose inhaler with spacer and dry powder inhaler have equal efficacy in delivering salbutamol in therapy of mild to moderate acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma in children between 5-15 years of age ."
2713,Abstract #2713,"evaluate health related quality of life ( HRQOL ) in TEACH , a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12 months of adjuvant lapatinib in HER2 positive ( HER2 + ) early breast cancer which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival . on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey ( version2 ; SF-36v2 ) at the baseline , six and 12 months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter . changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures ( Physical and Mental Component Summary scores ; PCS and MCS ) and eight domain measures ( physical functioning , role physical , bodily pain , general health , vitality , social functioning , role emotional and mental health ) , and in patients discontinuing therapy . five-point change was deemed a Minimally Clinically Important Difference ( MCID ) . analysis compared the proportion of patients demonstrating a MCID in HRQOL , and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL . ( 97 % ) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2 . the initial 12 months , summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach Minimally Clinically Important Difference ( MCID ) despite significant incidences of diarrhoea and rash in lapatinib treated patients . six months , women receiving lapatinib had more significant reductions ( p < 0.01 versus placebo ) in social functioning . treatment discontinuations were more frequent on lapatinib ( 32 % versus 18 % ) , and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms . those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events , decrements in HRQOL reached MCID in Mental Summary scores ( MCS ) only . baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL ( p < 0.05 ) . frequent but usually mild toxicities , adjuvant lapatinib is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL . placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and patients using lapatinib in metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer . . AVON Foundation NY supported PEG , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB ."
2714,Abstract #2714,"study examined whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( DLPFC ) affected cognition or mood in poststroke patients . study was a single-center , prospective , double-blind , sham-controlled preliminary study . patients ( 10 males and 8 females ; average age , 62.9 yrs ) were enrolled . participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups : low-frequency ( 1 Hz ) stimulation , high-frequency ( 10 Hz ) stimulation , and sham stimulation ( control ) . patient underwent 10 consecutive treatment sessions ( five times per week for 2 wks ) . Computerized Neuropsychological Test was used to evaluate cognitive function , the Tower of London test was used to assess executive function , the Modified Barthel Index score was used to assess activity of daily living function , and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess mood status . evaluations were conducted in all patients before and after treatment . had no significant effect on any cognitive function parameter , including the Tower of London scores , in any of the three groups . contrast , high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation resulted in significantly lower Beck Depression Inventory scores compared with baseline and compared with the other two groups . Modified Barthel Index scores significantly increased in all three groups . preliminary data suggest that there was a positive effect on mood , but the study was not powered to detect any measurable effect on cognition ."
2715,Abstract #2715,"airway contains airway smooth muscle and airway vascular smooth muscle . acute effects of inhaled long-acting ( 2 ) - adrenergic agonists ( LABAs ) alone , or in combination with an inhaled glucocorticoid ( ICS ) , on airway smooth muscle tone in asthma are known ; however , to the best of our knowledge , their effect on airway vascular smooth muscle tone has not been investigated previously . objective of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of a LABA and an ICS alone and in combination on airway blood flow ( Qaw ) as an index of airway vascular smooth muscle tone in patients with stable asthma . subjects with moderate asthma inhaled single doses of salmeterol ( 50 g ) , fluticasone propionate ( 250 g ) , salmeterol/fluticasone propionate ( 50/250 g ) , or placebo ; Qaw was measured before and serially for 240 min after drug administration . Qaw increased after salmeterol and salmeterol/fluticasone propionate , with peaks at 60 min of 34 % and 40 % , respectively , and returned to baseline by 240 min after inhalation . propionate alone caused a transient decrease in mean Qaw . maximal changes in Qaw , which occurred at different times , were 60 % for salmeterol , 67 % for salmeterol/fluticasone propionate , and -19 % for fluticasone propionate ( P < .05 vs placebo for all ) . LABA salmeterol has an acute vasodilator action on the airway of subjects with stable asthma . addition of fluticasone propionate , which by itself causes vasoconstriction , does not attenuate the salmeterol-induced vasodilation , suggesting that fluticasone propionate potentiates the vasodilator effect of salmeterol . vasodilation could be of clinical benefit by promoting the vascular clearance of inflammatory mediators including spasmogens from the airway . ; No. : NCT01231230 ; URL : www.clinicaltrials.gov ."
2716,Abstract #2716,"with chronic depression are frequently lost from effective care , with resulting psychological , physical and social morbidity and considerable social and financial societal costs . randomised controlled trial will evaluate whether regular structured practice nurse reviews lead to better mental health and social outcomes for these patients and will assess the cost-effectiveness of the structured reviews compared to usual care.The hypothesis is that structured , pro-active care of patients with chronic depression in primary care will lead to a cost-effective improvement in medical and social outcomes when compared with usual general practitioner ( GP ) care . were recruited from 42 general practices throughout the United Kingdom . participants had to have a history of chronic major depression , recurrent major depression or chronic dsythymia confirmed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview ( CIDI ) . also needed to score 14 or above on the Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI-II ) at recruitment.Once consented , participants were randomised to treatment as usual from their general practice ( controls ) or the practice nurse led intervention . intervention includes a specially prepared education booklet and a comprehensive baseline assessment of participants ' mood and any associated physical and psycho-social factors , followed by regular 3 monthly reviews by the nurse over the 2 year study period . these appointments intervention participants ' mood will be reviewed , together with their current pharmacological and psychological treatments and any relevant social factors , with the nurse suggesting possible amendments according to evidence based guidelines . is a chronic disease management model , similar to that used for other long-term conditions in primary care.The primary outcome is the BDI-II , measured at baseline and 6 monthly by self-complete postal questionnaire . outcomes collected by self-complete questionnaire at baseline and 2 years include social functioning , quality of life and data for the economic analyses . service data will be collected from GP notes for the 24 months before recruitment and the 24 months of the study . participants were recruited , 282 to the intervention and 276 to the control arm . majority were recruited via practice database searches using relevant READ codes . ."
2717,Abstract #2717,"cerevisiae mannan antibodies have been proposed as a new serological marker associated with Crohn 's disease . , their clinical value is still unclear ; furthermore , a standardization of anti-S . mannan measurements is lacking . this study , we aimed to assess the correlation between anti-S . mannan detection and specific clinical features in Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . , we tested the concordance of four different anti-S . mannan assays . samples from 196 patients with Crohn 's disease , 197 patients with ulcerative colitis and 100 unrelated healthy controls were tested for anti-S . mannan with a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method ( Lille ) by one of the authors ( VP ) . , 60 randomly selected serum samples ( 27 Crohn 's disease , 28 ulcerative colitis and five healthy controls ) were tested for anti-S . mannan with three different commercial kits . the Lille assay , anti-S . mannan were detected in 100 of 196 patients with Crohn 's disease ( 51 % ; P < 0.0001 vs. controls ) , 32 of 197 patients with ulcerative colitis ( 16 % ; P < 0.02 vs. controls ) , and six of 100 controls ( 6 % ) . correlation between presence of anti-S . mannan and specific clinical features was found in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn 's disease patients . percentages of anti-S . mannan detected with four different assays ranged from 28 ( Bouty ) up to 43 % ( Inova ) , but these differences did not reach statistical significance . concordance rate of anti-S . mannan detection in the four assays was very low ( 11 concordant results of 60 samples , 18.3 % ) ( k = 0.15 ) . improvement of the concordance rate was obtained by modifying the suggested cut-off values ( k = 0.20 ) . this study , we confirm that anti-S . mannan are significantly more frequent in Crohn 's disease patients compared with ulcerative colitis patients ( P < 0.0001 ) and controls . , no correlation with clinical features was found in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn 's disease . low prevalence of anti-S . mannan , at least in our population , and the low concordance rate between different assays , makes the clinical role of this marker questionable ."
2718,Abstract #2718,"aim of this study was to compare conventional miniplate ( Champy 's ) and 3-dimensional miniplate fixation in the management of mandibular fracture . study . study was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Govt . College , Pt . Sharma University of Health Sciences , Rohtak , India . prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out in 50 patients . were randomly assigned to receive a 2.0-mm 3-dimensional miniplate ( group A ) or a 2.0-mm conventional miniplate ( group B ) . patients were followed up for 12 weeks postoperatively . were analyzed according to the type of plate used and the site of fracture . fracture sites were treated with the 3-dimensional miniplate and 28 with the conventional miniplate . complications occurred , representing 8.9 % of the total . complications occurred in group A and 3 in group B , with complication rates equaling 7.14 % and 10.71 % , respectively . comparing the overall complication rates according to plates used , the ( 2 ) test showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P > .05 ) . major difference in terms of treatment outcome is observed in both systems , and both are equally effective in managing mandibular fracture ."
2719,Abstract #2719,"spinal bupivacaine may have too long duration to be useful in the ambulatory setting , recent animal data suggest that lidocaine added to spinal bupivacaine may reduce the duration of bupivacaine spinal anesthesia . explored whether lidocaine added to spinal bupivacaine could shorten the duration of bupivacaine spinal anesthesia in humans similarly to what has been reported in animals . patients presenting for transurethral resection of bladder tumor or prostate were assigned to one of three groups by double blind randomization to receive intrathecal 1.5 mL of hyperbaric 0.5 % bupivacaine , plus 0.6 mL of one of three solutions : saline ( Group I , n = 30 , control ) , 1 % lidocaine ( Group II , n = 30 ) , and 2 % lidocaine ( Group III , n = 30 ) . sensory block level , time to peak sensory block , times to two-segment , L1 , and S2 regressions from peak sensory block , motor blocks at peak sensory block , L1 , and S2 regressions , and postanesthesia care unit stay time ( PACU time ) were measured . to peak sensory block were similar in all three groups . to two-segment , L1 , and S2 regressions from peak sensory block , and PACU time were significantly reduced in Group II compared to Group I. Times to L1 , S2 regressions , and PACU times in Group III were significantly prolonged . conclude that lidocaine ( 6 mg ) mixed to spinal bupivacaine ( 7.5 mg ) can shorten the duration of bupivacaine spinal anesthesia , therefore provide more rapid recovery from the spinal anesthesia compared to the same dose of bupivacaine ( 7.5 mg ) alone ."
2720,Abstract #2720,"cognitive and psychomotor effects of 2.5 , 5 and 10 mg cetirizine , a second-generation H1 receptor antagonist , were compared with loratadine 10 , 20 and 40 mg , promethazine 25 mg and placebo in 24 healthy volunteers in a double-blind , randomised cross-over study . each dose , subjects were required to perform a series of tests of cognitive function and psychomotor performance at 1.5 , 3 and 6 h post-dose . test battery consisted of critical flicker fusion ( CFF ) , choice reaction time ( CRT ) , compensatory tracking task ( CTT ) and assessment of subjective sedation ( LARS ) . and loratadine at all doses tested were not significantly different from placebo in any of the tests used . , as expected for a verum , all measures with the exception of CTT were significantly disrupted by promethazine ( P < 0.05 ) . caused a reduction in CFF threshold at all test points ; these differences were significant at 3 h and 6 h post-dose ( P < 0.05 ) . was also a significant increase in total reaction time at 3 h post-promethazine administration . reports of sedation were significantly greater following the administration of promethazine at all time points ( P < 0.05 ) . results allow the conclusion that cetirizine at its recommended therapeutic dose of 10 mg is demonstrably free from disruptive effects on aspects of psychomotor and cognitive function in a study where the psychometric assessments have been shown to be sensitive to impairment , as evidenced by the effects of the positive control , promethazine 25 mg ."
2721,Abstract #2721,"present study investigates the efficacy of Semont 's repositioning liberatory maneuver by comparing it with no-treatment in a population of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV ) . this randomised , controlled , 6-month efficacy trial , 40 patients affected by BPPV were treated with Semont 's maneuver . were measured subjectively by patients about their Activities of Daily Living ( ADL ) and quality of life , based on the `` Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale '' . were compared to those obtained in 40 non-treated BPPV patients . the first month of the study , 92.5 % of patients of Semont 's group resolved their symptoms . rates with Semont 's maneuver were significantly higher than those obtained with no-therapy ( 92.5 % versus 37.5 % ) . a six month follow-up , relapse rates were lower among patients treated with Semont 's maneuver than among the no-treated ones ( 5 % versus 60 % ) . patients with a resolution of symptoms and a negative Dix-Hallpike 's test presented a great improvement in daily activities and quality of life . is easy to solve with a successful repositioning maneuver . BPPV is a very common cause of vertigo and can represent a medical emergency , we believe that it is of interest for every general practitioner to be able to promptly recognize this frequent balance disorder and to be able to treat a patient affected by BPPV with a safe repositioning maneuver ."
2722,Abstract #2722,"studies have revealed that stent configuration influences intimal hyperplasia . purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes for 2 stent designs in a randomized trial with quantitative coronary angiography ( QCA ) and intravascular ultrasonography ( IVUS ) . randomly assigned 100 patients with 107 lesions and symptomatic coronary artery disease to deployment of a Multilink stent ( Advanced Cardiovascular Systems , Guidant , Santa Clara , Calif ) or a GFX stent ( Applied Vascular Engineering , Santa Rosa , Calif ) with IVUS guidance . and IVUS studies were performed before and after intervention and at follow-up ( 4.2 + / - 1.0 months ) . were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and QCA and IVUS parameters before and after intervention between the 2 groups . , minimal lumen diameter at follow-up was significantly larger in the Multilink group ( 2.46 + / - 0.59 vs 2.08 + / - 0.79 mm , P < .05 ) . in-stent intimal hyperplasia was significantly larger in the GFX group ( 2.9 + / - 1.7 vs 1.8 + / - 1.2 mm ( 2 ) , P < .01 ) . restenosis rate differed between the 2 groups ( Multilink 4 % vs GFX 26 % , P = .003 ) . multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis , the only predictor that significantly correlated with restenosis was stent type ( P < .01 ) . odds ratio for the GFX stent-treated vessels was 18.65 ( 95 % confidence interval 2.10-165 .45 ) . deployment of the GFX stent , a thicker neointima develops within the stent . configuration may affect clinical outcomes ."
2723,Abstract #2723,"pain after colonoscopy is a common , distressing symptom resulting from bowel distension by insufflated gas . ( 2 ) , unlike air , is rapidly cleared from the colon by passive absorption . commercially available CO ( 2 ) delivery system has only recently become available . effects of CO ( 2 ) and air insufflation on residual bowel gas and postprocedure pain were compared . hundred patients were randomized to undergo colonoscopy with insufflation of air ( n = 51 ) or CO ( 2 ) ( n = 49 ) by means of a regulator ; 97 patients completed the study . with active GI bleeding , inflammatory bowel disease , or previous colectomy were excluded . scores ( ordinal scale : 0 = none , to 5 = extreme ) were recorded immediately after colonoscopy and at 1 , 6 , and 24 hours . colonic gas was evaluated on abdominal radiographs at 1 hour . colonic gas and postprocedural pain at 1 and 6 hours were significantly less in the CO ( 2 ) group . % of patients insufflated with room air had colonic distension in excess of 6 cm versus 4 % for those in the CO ( 2 ) group . % of patients insufflated with CO ( 2 ) had minimal colonic gas versus 2 % in whom air was used ( p < 0.0001 ) . patients insufflated with air , 45 % and 31 % had pain at , respectively , 1 hour and 6 hours , versus 7 % and 9 % , respectively , for those insufflated with CO ( 2 ) ( respectively , p < 0.0001 and p < O. 02 ) . complications resulted from use of the CO ( 2 ) delivery system . of CO ( 2 ) rather than air significantly reduces abdominal pain and bowel distension after colonoscopy . ( 2 ) may be insufflated safely and effectively with the new CO ( 2 ) delivery system ."
2724,Abstract #2724,"( 3-D ) representation is thought to improve understanding of complex spatial interactions and is being used more frequently in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures . has been suggested that males benefit more than females from 3-D presentations . have been few randomised trials to confirm these issues . carried out a randomised trial , based on the identification of complex surgical liver anatomy , to evaluate whether 3-D presentation has a beneficial impact and if gender differences were evident . computer-based teaching module ( TM ) was developed to test whether two-dimensional ( 2-D ) computed tomography ( CT ) images or 3-D presentations result in better understanding of liver anatomy . a PowerPoint lecture , students were randomly selected to participate in computer-based testing which used either 2-D images presented as consecutive transversal slices , or one of two 3-D variations . one of these the vessel tree of portal and hepatic veins was shown in one colour ( 3-D ) and in the other the two vessel systems were coloured differently ( 3-Dc ) . were asked to answer 11 medical questions concerning surgical anatomy and four questions on their subjective assessment of the TM . the 160 Year 4 and 5 medical students ( 56.8 % female ) who participated in this prospective randomised trial , students exposed to 3-D presentation performed significantly better than those exposed to 2-D images ( p < 0.001 ) . of the number of correct answers revealed no significant differences between the 3-D and 3-Dc modalities p > 0.1 ) . students gave significantly more correct answers in the 3-D and 3-Dc modalities than female students ( p < 0.03 ) . gender difference observed in both 3-D modalities was not evident in the 2-D group ( p = 0.21 ) . study showed that 3-D imaging significantly improved the identification of complex surgical liver anatomy . students benefited significantly more than female students from 3-D presentations . of colour in 3-D presentation did not improve student performance ."
2725,Abstract #2725,"medications are widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis , but they might disturb the healing process of spinal fusion . object of this prospective randomized controlled study was to evaluate the effect of bisphosphonate medication on spinal fusion through radiographic , clinical , and biological assessments . total of 40 patients with osteoporosis who were candidates for single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion were randomly assigned to the alendronate group ( alendronate sodium 35 mg/week ) or the control group ( vitamin D , alfacalcidol 1 g/day ) . screw fixation and carbon polyetheretherketone cages were used for all the patients . graft material was prepared as a mixture of local bone and - tricalcium phosphate in a ratio of 2:1 . radiography and CT scans were used to evaluate fusion status and cage subsidence . incidence of vertebral compression fractures ( VCFs ) occurring after surgery ( subsequent VCFs ) was assessed by means of MR imaging . bone formation was graded into 3 categories : Grade A ( bridging bone through bilateral cages ) , Grade B ( bridging bone through a unilateral cage ) , or Grade C ( incomplete bony bridging ) . solid fusion was defined as less than 5 of angular motion in flexion-extension radiographs and the presence of bridging bone through the cage ( Grade A or B ) . outcome was evaluated by means of the Oswestry Disability Index . metabolic markers ( serum bone alkaline phosphatase , serum and urine Type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides ) were measured to investigate the biological effects of alendronate on spinal fusion . bone formation ( Grade A or B ) was more frequently observed in the alendronate group at all postoperative assessment periods . 1-year postoperative follow-up , a solid fusion was achieved in 95 % of the patients in the alendronate group and 65 % of those in the control group . subsidence ( > 2 mm ) was observed in 5 % of the alendronate group and 29 % of the control group . vertebral fractures were observed in the alendronate group , whereas 24 % of patients in the control group showed subsequent VCFs . was no statistically significant between-groups difference in clinical outcomes , but poor clinical results in the control group were associated with pseudarthrosis and subsequent VCFs . analysis of bone turnover demonstrated that alendronate inhibited bone resorption from the early phase of the fusion process and also suppressed bone formation after 6 months postoperatively . mechanical circumstances provided by alendronate overcame its detrimental biological effect on the healing process of spinal fusion . authors recommend that osteoporosis patients undergoing spinal fusion take bisphosphonates throughout the postoperative period ."
2726,Abstract #2726,"double-blind study compared a second generation ( atypical ) antipsychotic drugs compared to a representative older agent for patients with schizophrenia who use or avoid illicit substances . subjects were recruited at 57 U.S. sites and randomly assigned to olanzapine , perphenazine , quetiapine , risperidone or ziprasidone for up to 18 months . primary aim of this analysis was to delineate differences between the overall effectiveness of these five treatments among patients who used or did not use illicit substances . were no significant differences between treatment groups in time to all-cause treatment discontinuation among patients who use illicit drugs ( median 3.3 to 6.8 months ) . non-users time to treatment discontinuation was significantly longer for patients treated with olanzapine ( median 13.0 months ) than perphenazine ( 5.9 months ) , risperidone ( 5.6 months ) , or quetiapine ( 5.0 months ) ; time to discontinuation for ziprasidone ( 4.3 months ) was even shorter , although the latter difference was not significant . difference between risperidone and quetiapine , although small , was significant . remaining differences were non-significant . results were found for discontinuation due to inefficacy . were no differences between illicit users and non-users in symptom reduction and global improvement , after adjustment for differential duration of treatment . in discontinuation results were attenuated by non-compliance , but the trends persisted after controlling for treatment compliance . patients with chronic schizophrenia who avoid use of illicit drugs , olanzapine was more effective than other antipsychotics as reflected by longer time to all-cause discontinuation , but illicit substance abuse attenuated this advantage , reinforcing the need for concurrent substance abuse treatment ."
2727,Abstract #2727,"Warm Heart Investigators Trial randomized isolated coronary bypass patients to cold or warm cardioplegia , and demonstrated that warm cardioplegia significantly reduced the prevalence of low output syndrome and myocardial infarction ( as defined by CKMB enzyme release ) . study was designed prospectively as a subanalysis of the original trial , to determine the effect of warm heart surgery on high risk patients , who were anticipated to derive the major benefit from warm cardioplegia . prespecified endpoint for this study was a composite outcome of morbidity and mortality ( death and/or low output syndrome and/or enzymatic myocardial infarction ) . patients with complete data for all outcomes were included , totalling 1374 patients ( 692 warm cardioplegia , 682 cold cardioplegia ) who were randomized in the Warm Heart Investigators Trial . medium and low risk patients were identified by a multivariate model of predicted risk for the study outcome . of the independent and interactive influence of cardioplegia technique and predicted risk demonstrated that warm cardioplegia significantly reduced the overall prevalence of morbidity and mortality ( warm : 15.9 versus cold : 25.2 % , P < 0.01 ) . , no significant differences in warm-cold effects were detected among risk terciles . technique had a similar differential influence on mortality and morbidity in low risk patients ( warm : 7.3 , cold : 17.4 % ) as it did in high risk patients ( warm : 31.1 , cold : 39.9 % ) . our analysis confirms the overall benefits of warm cardioplegia , our unanticipated finding in high risk subjects may be explained by the fact that morbidity and mortality in that patient subgroup is caused not only by poor myocardial protection , but by other clinical and technical factors . studies are necessary to identify those patients who might benefit most from improved myocardial protection techniques ."
2728,Abstract #2728,", known to possess myorelaxation property , has been widely used clinically to control muscular rigidity and spasticity . interactions of diazepam with neuromuscular blocking agents have been extensively studied , yet the results reported are somewhat controversial and inconclusive . interaction of diazepam with one of the neuromuscular blocking agents , vecuronium , was studied in 20 ASA I-II patients undergoing elective surgery . were randomly assigned to two groups with ten in each group . was induced with fentanyl , thiopental and vecuronium and maintained with 1 % halothane and 70 % N2O in O2 . experimental group received diazepam ( 0.2 mg/kg ) 3 minutes prior to vecuronium ( 0.1 mg/kg ) during induction while the control group received vecuronium ( 0.1 mg/kg ) straight without diazepam . records of the integrated electromyography showed the response to train-of-four supramaximal stimulation by a Datex Relaxograph during induction . no time when the first twitch ( T1 ) recovered to 25 % of the control , it was topped up again with another intraoperative dose of vecuronium ( 0.025 mg/kg ) . the derived data , the following parameters were calculated and analysed : ( 1 ) onset time T10 ( the time from the end of injection of vecuronium during induction to depression of T1 to 10 % of control twitch height ) ; ( 2 ) duration time T25 ( the time from administering vecuronium during induction to the time when T1 recovered to 25 % of the original twitch height ) ; ( 3 ) topup time T25-25 ( the time from administering the top dose of vecuronium to the time when T1 returned to 25 % of control twitch height again ) and ( 4 ) recovery time T25-50 ( the time of recovery of T1 from 25 % to 50 % of the control twitch height at the end of the operation ) . differences between both groups were found in T10 ( 221.8 + / - 62.2 vs 135.4 + / - 23.3 sec , p < 0.01 ) and T25 ( 41.9 + / - 10.2 vs 50.6 + / - 9.4 min , p < 0.05 ) . results of T25-25 and T25-50 did not differ much ( 26.6 + / - 6.9 vs 29.3 + / - 4.4 min , p > 0.05 and 15.0 + / - 8.9 vs 16.9 + / - 8.7 min , p > 0.05 respectively ) . administration of diazepam ( 0.2 mg/kg ) three minutes prior to vecuronium ( 0.1 mg/kg ) during induction may hasten the onset of vecuronium and prolong its duration of action ."
2729,Abstract #2729,"on sequential trial with atypical antipsychotics has been scarce . conducted an algorithm-based antipsychotic pharmacotherapy . this open-label study , patients with schizophrenia ( DSM-IV ) were treated with antipsychotic monotherapy , step-by-step , with each trial lasting up to 8 weeks . baseline , they were highly symptomatic to score more than 54 in the total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ( BPRS ( 1-7 ) ) score . the posttreatment BPRS score was above 70 % of the baseline , they were subsequently treated with another and up to three atypicals . , anticholinergics were prohibited , and only adjunctive allowed was lorazepam . secondary endpoint was a clinical status good enough to be discharged for 66 inpatients and a successful continuation therapy with the same antipsychotic agent for more than 6 months for 12 outpatients . groups of 26 patients each were randomized to Olanzapine , Quetiapine , or Risperidone . ( 50 % ) responded to the first agent ( Olanzapine16 , Quetiapine9 , Risperidone14 ) , and 14 responded to the second . two showed response to the third , and 16 failed to respond to all three antipsychotics , with only 7 dropouts . , there were 22 Olanzapine , 14 Quetiapine , and 19 Risperidone responders . on the secondary outcome , 20 Olanzapine-treated ( average maximum dose , 15.4 mg ) , 10 Quetiapine-treated ( 418 mg ) , and 20 Risperidone-treated ( 4.10 mg ) patients responded . difference in response as the first choice was significant ( p < 0.05 ) . doses of those failing to respond were comparable ( Olanzapine 18.3 mg , Quetiapine 564 mg , Risperidone5 .47 mg ) . symptoms did not change significantly . the first atypical antipsychotic is inadequate , switching to the second is worth trying , although some remain treatment-refractory . may be inferior to Olanzapine and Risperidone in symptomatic patients ."
2730,Abstract #2730,"recurrence is a major problem after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) . current study evaluated the effects of adjuvant iodine-125 ( ( 125 ) I ) brachytherapy on postoperative recurrence of HCC . July 2000 to June 2004 , 68 HCC patients undergoing curative hepatectomy were randomly assigned into a ( 125 ) I adjuvant brachytherapy group ( n = 34 ) and a group of best care ( n = 34 ) . in the ( 125 ) I adjuvant brachytherapy group received ( 125 ) I seed implantation on the raw surface of resection . in the best care control group received identical treatments except for the ( 125 ) I seed implantation . to recurrence ( TTR ) and 1 - , 3 - and 5-year overall survival ( OS ) were compared between the two groups . follow-up ended in January 2010 , and lasted for 7.7-106 .4 months with a median of 47.6 months . was significantly longer in the ( 125 ) I group ( mean of 60.0 months vs. 36.7 months in the control ) . 1 - , 3 - and 5-year recurrence-free rates of the ( 125 ) I group were 94.12 % , 76.42 % , and 73.65 % vs. 88.24 % , 50.00 % , and 29.41 % compared with the control group , respectively . 1 - , 3 - and 5-year OS rates of the ( 125 ) I group were 94.12 % , 73.53 % , and 55.88 % vs. 88.24 % , 52.94 % , and 29.41 % compared with the control group , respectively . ( 125 ) I brachytherapy decreased the risk of recurrence ( HR = 0.310 ) and the risk of death ( HR = 0.364 ) . frequent adverse events in the ( 125 ) I group included nausea , vomiting , arrhythmia , decreased white blood cell and/or platelet counts , and were generally mild and manageable . ( 125 ) I brachytherapy significantly prolonged TTR and increased the OS rate after curative resection of HCC . New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000081011 ."
2731,Abstract #2731,"purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral ondansetron , given alone or in combination with dexamethasone in the control of cisplatin-induced delayed emesis . was an international , multicentre , double-blind , randomised , placebo-controlled , parallel group study . total of 640 chemotherapy-nave patients received ondansetron 8 mg i.v. and dexamethasone 20 mg i.v. for the control of acute emesis prior to cisplatin ( > or = 70 mg/m2 ) on day 1 . who were not rescued or withdrawn on day 1 were to be randomised 24 hours after the start of cisplatin administration to one of four groups ; group I placebo oral ( p.o. ) , twice daily ( bd ) on days 2-6 ( n = 125 ) ; group II ondansetron ( 8 mg p.o. bd ) on days 2/3 followed by placebo ( p.o. bd ) on days 4-6 ( n = 199 ) ; group III ondansetron ( 8 mg p.o. bd ) on days 2-6 ( n = 214 ) ; group IV ondansetron ( 8 mg p.o. bd ) plus dexamethasone ( 4 mg p.o. bd ) on days 2-6 ( n = 66 ) . day 1 , 81 % of patients had complete control of acute emesis , with 68 % having no emesis and no nausea . days 2/3 and over days 2-6 , significantly more patients receiving ondansetron plus dexamethasone ( group IV ) reported no emesis and no nausea ( 49 % and 45 % , respectively ) compared to ondansetron alone ( 32 % and 27 % , respectively ) or placebo ( group I ; 33 % and 27 % , respectively ; P < 0.05 for all pairwise comparisons ) . were no significant differences in the control of emesis over days 2/3 , where 61 % of patients had complete emetic control ( 0 emetic episodes ) with ondansetron plus dexamethasone ( group IV ) , 54 % with ondansetron ( groups II + III ) and 49 % with placebo ( group I ) . the distribution of nausea grades , ondansetron plus dexamethasone ( group IV ) was significantly superior to ondansetron ( groups II + III ) ; P = 0.037 ) and placebo ( group I ; P = 0.013 ) over days 2/3 . days 2-6 there were no significant differences in the control of emesis , however a comparison of the distribution of nausea grades over days 2-6 showed ondansetron plus dexamethasone ( group IV ) to be significantly superior to ondansetron ( group III ; P = 0.043 ) and placebo ( group I ; P = 0.024 ) . treatments were well tolerated and no unexpected drug-related adverse events were reported . were no differences in the overall incidence of adverse events between the active treatment groups or placebo . and headache , recognised side effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists , were the most commonly reported adverse events with the incidence of constipation with ondansetron alone ( group III ) being significantly greater than with over days 2-6 ( 14 % vs. 6 % ; P = 0.030 ) . contrast to some previous investigations , in this study , ondansetron alone appears to have a minor role in the control of cisplatin-induced delayed emesis and nausea . conclusion , the combination of oral ondansetron plus dexamethasone is superior to ondansetron and to placebo ."
2732,Abstract #2732,"investigate the changes of leukotriene D4 ( LTD4 ) in nasal discharge and plasma of patients with persistent allergic rhinitis ( AR ) and the effects of antihistamine . investigation was a prospective , randomized controlled trial . AR patients ( group C ) were divided randomly into two subgroup . group received oral antihistamine 10 mg everyday for one week ( group CA ) and another group received no loratadine tablets 10 mg everyday for one week ( group CB ) . age matched healthy ( group D ) people were enrolled as control . level of LTD4 and interleukin-5 ( IL-5 ) in both nasal discharge and plasma by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and enzyme immunoassay ( EIA ) , cell counts and cell differentials in nasal discharge , were measured before and after three month . clinical symptom and life quality scores of group C were also investigated . concentrations of LTD4 in nasal discharge [ ( 794 + / - 305 ) pg ] and plasma [ ( 5219 + / - those in group D [ ( 347 + / - 169 ) pg , ( 2283 + / - 489 ) ng/L , all P 1185 ) ng/L ] in group C were significantly higher than those in group D [ ( 347 + / - 169 ) pg , ( 2283 + / - 489 ) ng/L , all P < 0.05 ] . level of LTD4 in nasal discharge was positively correlated with the percentage of neutrophil ( r = 0.453 , P < 0.05 ) and IL-5 ( r = 0.364 , P < 0.05 ) . pre - and post-therapy concentrations of nasal discharge and plasma in group CA were ( 812 + / - 1592 ) pg , ( 657 + / - 495 ) pg and ( 5422 + / - 935 ) ng/L , ( 4589 + / - 1057 ) ng/L respectively ; While in group CB the concentrations were ( 776 + / - 227 ) pg , ( 860 + / - 194 ) pg and ( 5074 + / - 1850 ) ng/L , ( 6063 + / - 450 ) ng/L , respectively . were no significant difference either in the level of LTD4 in nasal discharge or in plasma in both groups ( all P > 0.05 ) . results suggested that LTD4 was involved in airway inflammation in AR . was not effective enough in decreasing the levels of LTD4 in both nasal discharge and plasma of AR patients ."
2733,Abstract #2733,"study examined the efficacy of arabinoxylan rice bran ( MGN-3 ) in conjunction with an interventional therapy ( IT ) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients . total of sixty-eight patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( stages I and II ) participated in the study . were randomized to receive IT ( 30 patients , control group ) or IT+MGN -3 ( 38 patients ) , and randomly divided into two groups using a computer-generated randomization list . and investigators were blinded . included transarterial oily chemoembolization ( TOCE ) or a combination of TOCE and percutaneous ethanol injection treatment ( PEIT ) . in the IT+MGN -3 group showed : ( i ) lower recurrence of the disease , 31.6 % ( 12/38 ) , as compared to 46.7 % ( 14/30 ) for the control ; ( ii ) higher survival after the second year , 35 % , as compared to 6.7 % for the control ; ( iii ) significantly lower alpha-fetoprotein level , a 38 % decrease ( p = 0.0001 ) , as compared to baseline value , while the control showed no significant change ; and ( iv ) a significant decrease in tumor volume , in contrast to the control , which showed no significant change . the results were analyzed according to each IT modality , MGN-3 + IT sub-groups displayed a greater response to treatment , in every aspect examined , than the IT sub-groups alone . , the patients in the MGN-3 + TOCE+PEIT sub-group demonstrated greater reduction in AFP levels and longer survival time than the MGN-3 + TOCE sub-group . in conjunction with IT may be useful for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and warrants further investigation in multiple clinical trials ."
2734,Abstract #2734,"purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injections ( ITDI ) for refractory tinnitus . prospective , placebo-controlled , randomized , double-blind study . patients with refractory tinnitus who were diagnosed in the Department of Otolaryngology , Ajou University Hospital , Suwon , Republic of Korea , between 2006 and 2007 were enrolled and then were assigned into two groups of ITDI ( 15 patients ) or saline ( 15 patients ) by permuted block randomization . injections were double-blind performed four times within 2 weeks . 4 weeks , we analyzed the improvement and aggravation rates of tinnitus using the following parameters : questionnaires , tinnitus handicap index ( THI ) , loudness matching test , frequency , and duration of tinnitus . effectiveness rates of ITDI for refractory tinnitus reported in the tinnitus questionnaires , in the THI , and in the loudness matching test were all 33.3 % in the steroid group , and 26.7 % , 40.0 % , and 26.7 % in the saline group , respectively . , there were no statistically significant differences in both groups . analyze the therapeutic effect of ITDI on tinnitus under 6 months of its development , the improvement rates reported in the tinnitus questionnaires , in the THI , and in the loudness matching test were all 28.5 % in the steroid group , and 40.0 % , 40.0 % , and 30.0 % in the saline group , respectively . were also no statistically significant differences in both groups . may not be effective for refractory tinnitus . indication of ITDI for tinnitus needs to be limited to specific cases ."
2735,Abstract #2735,"previously reported early results of a randomized trial of whole-body hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy showing a significant reduction in the rate of death or moderate or severe disability at 18 to 22 months of age . outcomes are now available . the original trial , we assigned infants with moderate or severe encephalopathy to usual care ( the control group ) or whole-body cooling to an esophageal temperature of 33.5 C for 72 hours , followed by slow rewarming ( the hypothermia group ) . evaluated cognitive , attention and executive , and visuospatial function ; neurologic outcomes ; and physical and psychosocial health among participants at 6 to 7 years of age . primary outcome of the present analyses was death or an IQ score below 70 . the 208 trial participants , primary outcome data were available for 190 . the 97 children in the hypothermia group and the 93 children in the control group , death or an IQ score below 70 occurred in 46 ( 47 % ) and 58 ( 62 % ) , respectively ( P = 0.06 ) ; death occurred in 27 ( 28 % ) and 41 ( 44 % ) ( P = 0.04 ) ; and death or severe disability occurred in 38 ( 41 % ) and 53 ( 60 % ) ( P = 0.03 ) . outcome data were available for the 122 surviving children , 70 in the hypothermia group and 52 in the control group . or severe disability occurred in 24 of 69 children ( 35 % ) and 19 of 50 children ( 38 % ) , respectively ( P = 0.87 ) . dysfunction occurred in 4 % and 13 % , respectively , of children receiving hypothermia and those receiving usual care ( P = 0.19 ) , and visuospatial dysfunction occurred in 4 % and 3 % ( P = 0.80 ) . rate of the combined end point of death or an IQ score of less than 70 at 6 to 7 years of age was lower among children undergoing whole-body hypothermia than among those undergoing usual care , but the differences were not significant . , hypothermia resulted in lower death rates and did not increase rates of severe disability among survivors . Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network ; ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00005772 . )"
2736,Abstract #2736,"inhibitors ( ChE-Is ) are among the drugs more largely used for the treatment of mild-to-moderate symptoms of Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) , but beneficial long-term effects of these compounds on the cognitive , functional , and behavioural symptoms of the disease are small and not always apparent in practice . investigations have suggested that association between ChE-Is and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate enhances cholinergic neurotransmission more effectively than single compounds alone . ongoing clinical trial on the `` Effect of association between a ChE-I and choline alphoscerate on cognitive deficits in Alzheimer 's disease associated with cerebrovascular injury '' ( ASCOMALVA ) was designed to assess if association of the ChE-I donepezil with choline alphoscerate has a more favourable clinical profile than monotherapy with donepezil alone . is a double-blind multicentre trial that has completed the first 12 months of observation of 91 patients of the 210 planned . were aged between 56 and 91 years ( mean 75 10 years ) and were included in the protocol with a MMSE score between 15 and 24 . with AD diagnosed according to the DSM IV criteria suffer from ischemic brain damage documented by neuroimaging ( MRI and CT scan ) , with a score2 in at least one subfield of the New Rating Scale for Age-Related White Matter Changes ( ARWMC ) . were randomly allotted to an active treatment group ( donepezil + choline alphoscerate ) or to a reference treatment group ( donepezil + placebo ) and were examined after 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months of treatment . functions , patient 's daily activities and behavioural symptoms were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Evaluation ( MMSE ) , Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive subscale ( ADAS-cog ) , Basic Activities of Daily Living ( BADL ) , Instrumental Activities of Daily Living ( IADL ) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory ( NPI ) , of severity and of caregiver distress measures ( NPI-F and NPI-D ) . of the reference group ( donepezil + placebo ) showed along the course of the 12months of observation , a slight time-dependent worsening of MMSE , ADAS-cog , IADL and NPI-D scores and no changes in the BADL and NPI-F scores . plus choline alphoscerate improved compared to donepezil alone the different items analysed except the BADL . first results of the ASCOMALVA trial suggest that association of choline alphoscerate to the standard treatment with a ChE-I may represent an option to prolong beneficial effects of cholinergic therapies in AD with concomitant ischemic cerebrovascular injury ."
2737,Abstract #2737,"obesity , many gastro-oesophageal reflux promoting factors are present . reduction is advised to symptomatic overweight subjects . aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of untreated obesity , weight loss , and chronic gastric balloon distension on the lower oesophageal sphincter ( LOS ) function . entering a randomized , double-blind , sham-controlled study of balloon treatment , consisting of 4 months of either sham balloon or balloon treatment followed by 4 months of balloon treatment . and 24-hour pH measurements were performed at the start of the study and after 13 and 26 weeks . treatment , LOS dysfunction was present in 7 of 32 patients ( 21.9 % ) . upright and supine reflux was present in 8 patients ( 25 % ) . treatment resulted in a weight loss of 9.7 % with improved LOS function ( a significant 0.6-cm increase in LOS length and a non-significant 2.6 mm Hg higher LOS pressure ) and in a significantly decreased upright reflux ( acid reflux time decreasing from 8.0 to 5.5 % and number of meal-related and postprandial reflux episodes decreasing from 49 to 32 ) . improved values deteriorated after 4 months of balloon placement , with significantly increasing total , upright , and supine reflux to 7.5 , 7.6 , and 6.7 % of the time , respectively , with oesophageal lesions after an overall 17.8 % weight loss . months of balloon treatment induced a similar weight loss ( 9.9 % ) with significantly increased supine reflux from 1.6 to 6.7 % of the time . a second 4-month balloon period and an overall 13.8 % weight loss , LOS and reflux values returned towards baseline values . comparison of both groups demonstrated the adverse effects of balloon positioning after a period of substantial sham-induced weight loss . LOS function and increased gastro-oesophageal reflux were observed in one quarter of the untreated obese subjects . loss ameliorated manometry and pH values , but subsequent balloon positioning tended to counteract these beneficial changes . patients on balloon treatment from the start , adverse effects seemed to wear off with prolonged treatment ."
2738,Abstract #2738,"aim of this study was to evaluate DNA damage and cytokinetic defects , proliferative potential and cell death caused by the frequent use of mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine , triclosan and essential oils in ethanolic solution , compared to a placebo mouthwash . double-blind , prospective , randomized clinical trial included 80 Caucasian patients . were divided into four groups : Group I used a mouthrinse , Triclosan ; Group II used physiological saline ; Group III used chlorhexidine ; Group IV a mouthrinse with essential oils in ethanolic solution . subjects used the mouthrinses for two weeks ( 15 ml , twice a day , rinsing for 30s ) . cell samples per subject were collected , before and after mouthrinse use ( on day 0 and day 15 ) . were processed as follows : cell collection from cheeks with a cytobrush ; cell centrifuge ; slide preparation , fixation and staining ; and fluorescent microscope analysis . exfoliated cells were screened for nuclear abnormalities , particularly the presence of micronuclei by means of cytome assay . significant differences between study times ( before and after use of mouthwash ) were identified for any of the variables studied ( p > 0.05 ) . between mouthrinse groups were also compared but no significant differences were found ( p > 0.05 ) . study did not observe any genotoxic effect resulting from mouthrinse use ."
2739,Abstract #2739,"self-harm ( DSH ) , general hospital admission and psychiatric hospital admission are common in women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder ( BPD ) . behaviour therapy ( DBT ) has been reported to be effective in reducing DSH and hospitalization . randomized controlled trial of 73 female subjects meeting criteria for BPD was carried out with intention-to-treat analyses and per-protocol analyses . intervention was DBT and the control condition was treatment as usual plus waiting list for DBT ( TAU+WL ) , with outcomes measured after 6 months . outcomes were differences in proportions and event rates of : any DSH ; general hospital admission for DSH and any psychiatric admission ; and mean difference in length of stay for any hospitalization . outcomes were disability and quality of life measures . groups showed a reduction in DSH and hospitalizations , but there were no significant differences in DSH , hospital admissions or length of stay in hospital between groups . ( days spent in bed ) and quality of life ( Physical , Psychological and Environmental domains ) were significantly improved for the DBT group . produced non-significant reductions in DSH and hospitalization when compared to the TAU+WL control , due in part to the lower than expected rates of hospitalization in the control condition . , DBT showed significant benefits for the secondary outcomes of improved disability and quality of life scores , a clinically useful result that is also in keeping with the theoretical constructs of the benefits of DBT ."
2740,Abstract #2740,"aim of this study was to determine whether a herbal remedy made from a subspecies of rose-hip ( Rosa canina ) might reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis and consumption of rescue medication in patients suffering from osteoarthritis . patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee were enrolled in a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind crossover trial . patients were given 5 g of the herbal remedy daily for a period of 3 months and the remaining patients were given a similar amount of placebo . group initially treated with placebo was then changed to rose-hip and vice versa for another 3-month period . inclusion and after 3 weeks and 3 months of each treatment period , pain , stiffness , disability , and global severity of the disease were scored on a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) questionnaire . 3 weeks of treatment , patients , if possible , were allowed to reduce their consumption of ` rescue medication ' . were analysed on the basis of intention to treat . resulted in a significant reduction in WOMAC pain ( p < 0.014 ) as compared to placebo , when testing after 3 weeks of treatment . consumption of ` rescue medication ' significantly declined as a result of active treatment ( p < 0.027 ) . disability , stiffness , and global assessment of severity of the disease were not altered by 3 weeks but decreased significantly ( p < 0.018 , p < 0.038 , and p < 0.035 , respectively ) after 3 months of treatment . data suggest that the present herbal remedy can alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis and reduce the consumption of ` rescue medication ' ."
2741,Abstract #2741,"studies have failed to demonstrate that the head-down tilt position confers benefits in hypovolaemic hypotensive patients . aim of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic effect and vasopressor use by this position in hypotensive patients after the induction of general anaesthesia . prospective randomised study involved 98 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery and 40 patients ( 40.1 % ) developed hypotension after anaesthesia induction . occurrence of hypotension , patients were randomly allocated to the supine ( n = 19 ) or head-down tilt ( n = 21 ) groups ( 15 head-down tilt position ) . pressure , heart rate , cardiac index and stroke volume index were recorded at 1-min interval for 10 min from the occurrence of hypotension . were administered to treat hypotension in both groups . haemodynamic difference was observed between the supine and head-down tilt groups except for SBP changes from baseline at 1 min ( -3.98 6.31 vs. 1.84 8.25 % , P = 0.004 ) and 2 min ( 1.51 14.34 vs. 9.37 10.57 % , P = 0.032 ) . number of vasopressor administrations and percentage of the patients requiring vasopressors in the supine group were greater than that in the head-down tilt group [ median 1 ( range 1-5 ) vs. median 0 ( range 0-2 ) , P = 0.002 , 19/19 ( 100 % ) vs. 10/21 ( 47.6 % ) , P < 0.001 ] . head-down tilt position in hypotensive patients following anaesthesia induction reduced vasopressor requirement by almost one third . haemodynamic effect may be caused by different vasopressor administrations . result suggests that the head-down tilt position may enable more stable anaesthesia induction in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft or valvular heart surgeries ."
2742,Abstract #2742,"have shown in a randomized controlled trial that vitamin D increases bone mass , lean mass and bone area in adolescent girls , but not boys . increments may translate into improvements in bone geometry and therefore bone strength . study investigated the impact of vitamin D on hip geometric dimensions from DXA-derived hip structural analyses in adolescents who participated in the trial . girls ( mean age 13.1 years ) and 171 boys ( mean age 12.7 years ) were randomly assigned to receive weekly placebo oil or vitamin D3 , at doses of 1400 IU or 14,000 IU , in a double blind placebo-controlled 1-year trial . images were obtained at baseline and one year , and hip images were analyzed using the hip structural analysis ( HSA ) software to derive parameters of bone geometry . include outer diameter ( OD ) , cross sectional area ( CSA ) , section modulus ( Z ) , and buckling ratio ( BR ) at the narrow neck ( NN ) , intertrochanteric ( IT ) , and shaft ( S ) regions . of Covariance ( ANCOVA ) was used to examine group differences for changes of bone structural parameters . the overall group of girls , vitamin D supplementation increased aBMD ( 7.9 % and 6.8 % in low and high doses , versus 4.2 % in placebo ) and reduced the BR of NN ( 6.1 % and 2.4 % in low and high doses , versus 1.9 % in placebo ) . also improved aBMD ( 7.9 % and 5.2 % versus 3.6 % ) and CSA ( 7.5 % and 5.1 % versus 4.1 % ) of the IT and OD of the S ( 2.4 % and 2.5 % versus 0.8 % respectively ) . changes in the OD and BR of the NN , in the overall group of girls remained , after adjusting for lean mass , and were unaffected with further adjustments for lifestyle , pubertal status , and height measures . , boys did not exhibit any significant changes in any parameters of interest . dose effect was not detected and subgroup analyses revealed no beneficial effect of vitamin D by pubertal stage . D supplementation improved bone mass and several DXA-derived structural bone parameters , in adolescent girls , but not boys . occurred at a critical site , the femoral neck , and if maintained through adulthood could improve bone strength and lower the risk of hip fractures ."
2743,Abstract #2743,"pentamycin is a polyene macrolide with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and is effective in various forms of infectious vaginitis . evaluated the safety , tolerability and pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of this product . healthy volunteers were randomized to receive double blind one of five doses of intravaginal pentamycin ( 3 , 10 , 30 , 60 or 100 mg ) or the corresponding dose of pentamycin vehicle daily for 6 days . with symptomatic vaginitis received a single dose of 60 ( n = 6 ) or 100 mg ( n = 6 ) of intravaginal pentamycin . and tolerability parameters were monitored throughout the study . concentrations of pentamycin were measured daily in the healthy volunteers and on the day of drug application in the patients . most frequently reported adverse events were mild or moderate vaginal discharge and mild symptoms of vaginal irritation ( mainly pruritus or burning sensation ) , which also occurred in women who applied the vehicle . patient with symptomatic vaginitis reported treatment-related adverse events . plasma levels of pentamycin were below the quantification limit in all samples . pentamycin does not cause adverse reactions compared with vehicle and is not absorbed through the intact or the inflamed vagina ."
2744,Abstract #2744,"compare outpatient hysteroscopy with day case hysteroscopy in terms of patient satisfaction and acceptability . clinic of a teaching hospital . women . were randomly allocated to outpatient hysteroscopy or day case hysteroscopy provided they had no preference for either procedure . rate , requirements for postoperative analgesia , speed of recovery , time away from home , and time off work . outpatient group recovered preoperative fitness more quickly than the day case group ( 2 days ( range 1-2 .7 ) versus 3 days ( 2-4 ) , P < 0.05 ) . the procedure , the outpatient group were also fully mobile more quickly than the day case group ( 0 minutes ( 0-5 ) versus 105 minutes ( 80-120 ) , P < 0.001 ) . for postoperative analgesia were similar in both groups . , 78 % of patients considered that the pain from outpatient hysteroscopy was less than that usually experienced during menstruation . satisfaction was similar in both groups ( 83.6 % in the outpatient group versus 77.0 % in the day case group ) . hysteroscopy and day case hysteroscopy were equally acceptable to patients . recovered significantly more quickly from outpatient hysteroscopy than from day case hysteroscopy ."
2745,Abstract #2745,"estrogen decline is implicated in several age-related physical and psychological changes in women , including decreases in perceived quality of life ( QoL ) . number of trials with hormone therapy showed beneficial effects of the intervention on parameters of quality of life . , because of known or suspected serious side-effects of conventional hormone therapy there is a need for alternatives . conducted a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with soy protein , containing 52 mg genistein , 41 mg daidzein , and 6 mg glycitein ( aglycone weights ) , or milk protein ( placebo ) daily for 1 year . this trial , we recruited 202 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 75 years . baseline and at final visit , participants filled in the Short Form of 36 questions ( SF-36 ) , the Questionnaire on Life Satisfaction Modules ( QLS ( M ) ) , and the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) . the placebo group scores on all dimensions of the SF-36 and the QLS ( M ) decreased during the intervention year , except for the dimension `` role limitations caused by physical problems . '' soy group showed increases on two dimensions of the SF-36 ( `` social functioning '' and `` role limitations caused by physical problems '' ) and on one dimension of the QLS ( M ) . were however no statistically significant differences in changes of scores between the two intervention groups . the GDS similarly , no significant differences were found between the groups . conclusion , the findings in this randomized trial do not support the presence of a marked effect of soy protein substitution on quality of life ( health status , life satisfaction , and depression ) in elderly postmenopausal women ."
2746,Abstract #2746,"investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid parenteral supplementation postoperatively on clinical outcomes and immunomodulation in colorectal cancer patients . patients undergoing radical colorectal cancer resection with an indication for total parenteral nutrition postoperatively were enrolled in this prospective , double-blind , randomized , controlled study . received total parenteral nutrition supplemented with either soybean oil ( LCT ; Intralipid , Fresenius-Kabi , SO group , n = 21 ) or a combination of omega-3 fish oil and soybean oil ( LCT : fish oil = 5:1 , fish oil ; Omegaven , Fresenius-Kabi , FO group , n = 21 ) , up to a total of 1.2 g lipid/kg per day for 7 d postoperatively . same volume calorie and nitrogen was administrated . blood test , biochemistry , systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha , percentage of CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + lymphocytes were evaluated preoperatively and on postoperative d 1 and 8 . outcome was evaluated considering mortality during the hospital stay , length of postoperative hospital stay , and occurrence of infectious complications . lipid regimens were well tolerated . differences between the two groups were noticed in demographics , baseline blood test , biochemistry , serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha , percentage of CD4 + , CD8 + lymphocytes , and ratios of CD4 + / CD8 + . with those on postoperative d 1 , serum IL-6 levels on postoperative d 8 were significantly depressed in the FO group than in the reference group ( -44.43 + / - 30.53 vs -8.39 + / - 69.08 , P = 0.039 ) . , the ratios of CD4 + / CD8 + were significantly increased in the FO group ( 0.92 + / - 0.62 vs 0.25 + / - 1.22 , P = 0.035 ) . addition , depression of serum TNF-alpha levels ( -0.82 + / - 2.71 vs 0.27 + / - 1.67 , P = 0.125 ) and elevation of CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocyte percentage ( 12.85 + / - 11.61 vs 3.84 + / - 19.62 , P = 0.081 , 17.80 + / - 10.86 vs 9.66 + / - 17.55 , P = 0.084 , respectively ) were higher in the FO group than in the reference group . in the FO group tended to need a shorter postoperative hospital stay ( 17.45 + / - 4.80 d vs 19.62 + / - 5.59 d , P = 0.19 ) . statistically significant difference was found when stratified to mortality and occurrence of infectious complications . supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids may have a favorable effect on the outcomes in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical resection by lowering the magnitude of inflammatory responses and modulating the immune response ."
2747,Abstract #2747,"cerebral palsy is primarily caused by damage to the basal ganglia and central cortex . daily care of these patients can be difficult due to dystonic movements . baclofen treatment is a potential treatment option for dystonia and has become common practice . this widespread adoption , high quality evidence on the effects of intrathecal baclofen treatment on daily activities is lacking and prospective data are needed to judge the usefulness and indications for dystonic cerebral palsy . primary aim of this study is to provide level one clinical evidence for the effects of intrathecal baclofen treatment on the level of activities and participation in dystonic cerebral palsy patients . , we hope to identify clinical characteristics that will predict a beneficial effect of intrathecal baclofen in an individual patient . double blind placebo-controlled multi-center randomized clinical trial will be performed in 30 children with dystonic cerebral palsy . aged between 4 and 25 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of dystonic cerebral palsy , Gross Motor Functioning Classification System level IV or V , with lesions in the cerebral white matter , basal ganglia or central cortex and who are eligible for intrathecal baclofen treatment will be included . A will receive three months of continuous intrathecal baclofen treatment and group B will receive three months of placebo treatment , both via an implanted pump . this three month period , all patients will receive intrathecal baclofen treatment , with a follow-up after nine months . primary outcome measurement will be the effect on activities of and participation in daily life measured by Goal Attainment Scaling . outcome measurements on the level of body functions include dystonia , spasticity , pain , comfort and sleep-related breathing disorders . effects will be monitored and we will study whether patient characteristics influence outcome . results of this study will provide data for evidence-based use of intrathecal baclofen in dystonic cerebral palsy ."
2748,Abstract #2748,"assess the efficacy of desmopressin plus oxybutynin and compare two starting dosages of desmopressin ( 120 and 240 g ) in a randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled trial for children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis ( MNE ) resistant to desmopressin . predictive factors of children with MNE responsive to desmopressin and combination therapy were also evaluated . sample included 206 patients aged between 6 and 13 ( mean age 10.6 2.9 years ) , 117 males . patients were required to have MNE . patients were randomly divided into two groups : the first group was given oral melt 120 g and the second group 240 g , for 2 weeks . patients who had experienced failure of treatment with sublingually administered desmopressin alone were given either desmopressin plus 5 mg oxybutynin or desmopressin plus placebo in a randomized , double-blinded trial for 4 weeks . predictive factors , bladder volume and wall thickness index , nocturnal polyuria and voiding latency were considered . was no significant difference between the 120 g and 240 g patients in terms of response . oxybutynin group showed a higher rate of full and partial responses ( 45 % success ) compared with the placebo group ( 17 % success ) , P < 0.01 . responders to combined oxybutynin and desmopressin had significantly lower bladder volume and wall thickness index than the other patients . findings highlight that anticholinergic agents may play an important role for a subset of children with enuresis who have a restricted bladder capacity and thickened bladder wall . bladder variables can provide useful predictive clues for MNE . factors can help to differentiate treatment subtypes and guide clinical management in primary nocturnal enuresis ."
2749,Abstract #2749,"evaluate the efficacy of intravesical epirubicin with or without alpha 2b-interferon ( alpha 2b-IFN ) as a prophylactic treatment for recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma ( TCC ) of the urinary bladder . total of 81 patients with superficial ( stage Ta and T1 ) , well or moderately differentiated ( grades 1 and 2 ) TCC were treated between June 1988 and December 1993 . patients were randomized into three groups : Group 1 was treated by transurethral resection ( TUR ) alone ; Group 2 received 50 mg epirubicin and Group 3 received 50 mg epirubicin combined with 10 MU alpha 2b-IFN , intravesically in 50 mL sterile buffer solution . instillations were started 1 week after TUR and were performed weekly during the first month and then once a month for one year . patients were followed for a total of 2 years . rate and tumour rate were calculated to assess the behaviour of the disease . patients were followed for a mean of 20 months . receiving intravesical chemoimmunotherapy ( Group 3 ) had the most favourable outcome ; they had comparatively lower recurrence and tumour rates , fewer patients with recurrences and , most importantly , the longest disease-free interval . were mostly mild and transient , and no differences were found among the groups . reducing the number of patients having recurrences and extending the recurrence-free interval , intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with epirubicin and alpha 2b-IFN had a promising effect on the natural course of superficial bladder cancer , particularly in patients with a history of prior recurrences ."
2750,Abstract #2750,"aim of this study was to determine whether intermittent ambulatory treatment with levosimendan would improve functional capacity , quality of life , and event-free survival in patients with advanced heart failure . was a prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicentre , parallel-group trial of pulsed infusions of levosimendan in 120 outpatients with advanced heart failure ( EF 35 % , NYHA class III or IV ) . study was conducted at 11 centres in Austria , Greece , and Germany . ( 0.2 g/kg/min ) or placebo was administered for 6 h at 2-week intervals over 6 weeks , in addition to standard care therapy . primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a 20 % improvement in the 6 min walk test and a 15 % score increase on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire at the end of the 24-week study period . outcomes included event-free survival after 24 weeks . were performed on an intention-to-treat basis . primary endpoint was reached in 19 % of patients receiving levosimendan and 15.8 % of patients receiving placebo ( odds ratio 1.25 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.44-3 .59 ; P = 0.810 ) . death ( four vs. one ) , heart transplants ( two vs. one ) , and acute heart failure ( 14 vs. nine ) were more frequent with placebo as compared with levosimendan . incidence of side effects was comparable between groups . ambulatory treatment with levosimendan in patients with advanced heart failure did not improve significantly functional capacity or quality of life as compared with placebo . adequately powered , event-driven trial is warranted to enlarge on our findings . ."
2751,Abstract #2751,"volume variation ( SVV ) and pulse pressure variation ( PPV ) , termed dynamic markers of preload responsiveness , may predict the response to i.v. fluid in critically ill patients . , the predictive accuracy of these variables during gastrointestinal surgery remains uncertain . study of patients aged 50 yr undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery , enrolled in the OPTIMISE trial . received six 250 ml fluid challenges with i.v. colloid solution ( three during and three after surgery ) , while SVV and PPV were measured using the LiDCOrapid monitor ( LiDCO Ltd , UK ) . responsiveness was defined as a stroke volume increase 10 % . under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated with 95 % confidence intervals . for covariates was performed by regression modelling and a clustering method was used to adjust for intra-patient correlation . hundred patients were recruited between August 2010 and October 2012 . hundred and fifty-six fluid challenges were administered and 159 ( 28.6 % ) were associated with increased stroke volume . predictive value of both variables was poor during surgery [ SVV 0.69 ( 0.63-0 .77 ) ; PPV 0.70 ( 0.62-0 .77 ) ] , and also after surgery [ SVV 0.69 ( 0.63-0 .78 ) ; PPV 0.64 ( 0.56-0 .73 ) ] . findings were similar when analysed according to whether patients were mechanically ventilated [ SVV 0.68 ( 0.63-0 .77 ) ; PPV 0.69 ( 0.61-0 .77 ) ] or breathing spontaneously [ SVV 0.69 ( 0.61-0 .77 ) ; PPV 0.63 ( 0.56-0 .72 ) ] . value improved slightly in a sensitivity analysis excluding outlier values of SVV and PPV . this study , the predictive accuracy of SVV and PPV for fluid responsiveness was insufficient to recommend for routine clinical use during or after major gastrointestinal surgery ."
2752,Abstract #2752,"patients undergoing craniotomy , the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) is 55 % to 70 % and that of moderate to severe postoperative pain is 60 % to 84 % . hypothesized that gabapentin plus dexamethasone would be superior , compared with placebo and dexamethasone in reducing the incidences of PONV and pain after craniotomy . undergoing craniotomy received either placebo ( group D ) or gabapentin ( 600 mg ) ( group GD ) premedication orally , 2 hours before induction of anesthesia . addition , all patients received 4 mg of intravenous dexamethasone on the morning of surgery and continued receiving it after every 8 hours . 24-hour incidence of nausea , emesis , or PONV ( nausea , emesis , or both ) ( primary outcome ) and postoperative pain scores ( secondary outcome ) were analyzed with the test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test as applicable . significant difference was observed between the groups in the incidence of nausea ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 0.23 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.07 , 0.80 ; P = 0.02 ) , PONV ( OR , 0.3 ; 95 % CI , 0.08 , 0.8 ; P = 0.02 ) , and the requirement for antiemetics ( OR , 0.30 ; 95 % CI , 0.09 , 0.9 ; P = 0.03 ) . number of emetic episodes were also reduced in group GD , but this did not assume statistical significance ( OR , 0.34 ; 95 % CI , 0.10 , 1.1 ; P = 0.06 ) . , there was no significant difference in either the postoperative pain scores or the opioid consumption between the 2 groups . dosage of 600 mg of gabapentin plus 4 mg of dexamethasone significantly reduced the 24-hour incidence of nausea and PONV . , there was no reduction in either the postoperative pain scores or opioid consumption ."
2753,Abstract #2753,"assess the data quality of two approaches to scaling items within the Patient Experiences Questionnaire ( PEQ ) ; a five-point scale with descriptors for all scale points and a 10-point scale with descriptors only at the end points . two versions were pretested through cognitive interviews with 14 patients . PEQ was then mailed to 1,000 patients after inpatient treatment at a large university hospital in Norway , randomized to receive the 5 - or 10-point scale versions . rates , missing data , item means , floor , and ceiling effects were assessed . analysis was used to examine the impact of response scale on missing data , floor , and ceiling effects after controlling for age , education level , and health status . five-point scale produced data with unimodal and fairly symmetric distributions in contrast to the highly skewed J - and U-shaped distributions for the 10-point scale . five-point scale data had significantly lower item means , floor , and ceiling effects . analysis showed that the type of scale explained a significant component of the variation in both floor and ceiling effects . five-point scale performed better than the 10-point scale and is more suitable for assessing patient experiences . revised PEQ will be used in Norwegian national surveys ."
2754,Abstract #2754,"anesthetic requirement is decreased in animals with head injury , but there are no data regarding the effect of intracranial tumor on the potency for intravenous anesthetics . authors compared the quantal dose-response curves for propofol in patients having large ( > or = 30 mm , mass effect ) brain tumor with those having smaller ( < 30 mm ) lesions and with control patients undergoing noncranial surgery . patients in each group were randomly assigned to receive one of the six doses of propofol ( 0.5 , 0.7 , 1.0 , 1.3 , 1.8 , or 2.5 mg/kg ) over 10 s. Two minutes after drug administration , patients were asked to open their eyes as a test for response to verbal command . who failed to respond were given a 10-s , 50-Hz , 80-mA transcutaneous tetanic electrical current to the ulnar nerve as a test for response to painful stimulus . movement indicated positive response . dose-response curves for loss of response to verbal command and tetanic stimulus were calculated after logit transformation . median effective doses ( ED50s ; 95 % confidence interval ) for suppressing response to verbal command and tetanic stimulus were 0.75 ( 0.65-0 .86 ) mg/kg and 1.28 ( 1.11-1 .49 ) mg/kg , respectively , in patients with large brain tumor . values were significantly less than the corresponding ED50s in patients with small tumor , 1.01 ( 0.88-1 .15 ) mg/kg and 1.76 ( 1.51-2 .07 ) mg/kg , or healthy control subjects , 0.98 ( 0.86-1 .12 ) mg/kg and 1.89 ( 1.62-2 .23 ) mg/kg . doses of propofol required to suppress response to verbal command and tetanic stimulus were 23 % less and 32 % less in patients with large brain tumor compared with control subjects . tumor did not affect potency of propofol ."
2755,Abstract #2755,"of novel cardiorenal and inflammatory markers may provide insight into the disease process and outcomes of patients with acute decompensated heart failure . this open-labeled , prospective , randomized study , 89 patients received either nesiritide ( NES ) or nitroglycerin ( NTG ) infusion by standard protocol . serum or plasma concentrations of cystatin-C and inflammatory markers ( high-sensitivity C-reactive protein , tumor necrosis factor - , transforming growth factor-1 , and interleukin-6 ) were measured in 66 patients with acute decompensated heart failure at baseline and during drug infusion . baseline values for demographics were not significantly different between NTG and NES groups ; however , baseline inflammatory markers were elevated on admission . NES compared with NTG groups , lower cystatin-C ( 1449 versus 2739 ng/mL , P < 0.05 ) and IL-6 ( 25 versus 50 pg/mL , P < 0.05 ) were observed . were no significant differences in concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein , tumor necrosis factor - , and transforming growth factor-1 between groups over time . differential modulation effects of cystatin-C and interleukin-6 but not other inflammatory markers , in response to NES compared with NTG therapy , may provide important implications for vasodilator therapy . studies are warranted to confirm these findings . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00842023 ."
2756,Abstract #2756,"assess the effect of a plaster cast socket on the healing of open wounds and on temporary prosthesis fitting after below-knee amputation because of arterial occlusive disease . controlled trial . center , university hospital . included patients had undergone recent ( in the previous 3 months ) below-knee amputation because of arterial disease and initially had an open stump . were randomly assigned to two groups of 28 subjects each . sizes of the amputation scars were 8 to 24 cm2 . of the stump was eliminated as a probable cause of delayed wound healing by the inclusion criterion of transcutaneous oxygen tension ( TcPO2 ) of > 35 mmHg . average age in group I ( the experimental group ) was 65.2 + / - 12.4 ( SD ) years and in group II ( the control group ) 66.8 + / - 10.8 years ( not significant ) . plaster cast ( supracondylar-type ) socket was fitted on the stumps of group I patients , interposed with a silicone sleeve . patients were gradually trained to wear this cast for up to 5 hours a day . were provided with elastic compression bandages for the remainder of the time . in group II wore elastic compression bandages , which were only removed for dressing changes . required for stump healing , length of time between amputation and ability to walk wearing a contact socket , and length of hospital stay . I had a quicker average healing time ( 71.2 + / - 31.7 [ SD ] days compared to the control group 's 96.8 + / - 54.9 days ) and a shorter average length of hospital stay ( 99.8 + / - 22.4 days compared to the control group 's 129.9 + / - 48.3 days ) . of a plaster cast socket leads to more rapid healing of the open stump and to a shorter hospitalization . there is no stump ischemia , this plaster cast technique is safe ."
2757,Abstract #2757,"compare the performance of a simplified scoring method for structural damage on radiographs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( the Simple Erosion Narrowing Score or SENS ) with the Sharp-van der Heijde Score ( SHS ) as reference . used the radiographic data from the Trial of Etanercept and Methotrexate with Radiographic Patient Outcomes ( TEMPO trial ) . SENS was derived from the crude SHS data . reliability for status scores and change scores was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients and by the Smallest Detectable Change method . ability to discriminate between treatment groups was assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test . the sensitivity to change and discriminative ability for different levels of disease severity assessed a potential ceiling effect . reliability was similar for both methods . correlation coefficients were higher for status scores than for change scores . Smallest Detectable Change was 4.98 ( 1.1 % of possible maximum score ) for SHS and 2.28 ( 3.5 % ) for SENS. Sensitivity of SENS to detect progression above the Smallest Detectable Change , with reference SHS , ranged from 45.0 to 88.7 % . ranged from 81.5 to 97.3 % , and the kappa coefficient ( between-method agreement ) ranged from 0.58 to 0.66 . ability between treatment groups was good and similar for both methods . ceiling effect could not be detected . regard to most of the tested properties , the performance of SENS is as good as that of SHS . confirms that SENS is a valuable method , which may be feasible in clinical practice ."
2758,Abstract #2758,"disease ( AD ) is characterized by progressive cerebral atrophy that may be measured using MRI . are MRI findings of a Phase IIa immunotherapy trial in AD prematurely terminated owing to meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients . assess cerebral volume changes in patients immunized with AN1792 ( beta-amyloid [ Abeta ] 1 to 42 ) who were antibody responders ( anti-AN1792 IgG titer of > or = 1:2,200 ) compared with placebo patients . randomized , multicenter , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial of AN1792 225 mug plus QS-21 50 mug included 372 patients with probable AD . received one to three injections of AN1792/QS -21 or saline and were assessed for 12 months . MRI was performed pre dose and at month 12 or early termination . , ventricular , and hippocampal volume changes were measured from registered scan pairs . hundred eighty-eight patients had paired scans ( mean interval 10.9 months ) . responders ( n = 45 ) had greater brain volume decrease ( 3.12 + / - 1.98 vs 2.04 + / - 1.74 % ; p = 0.007 ) , greater ventricular enlargement as a percentage of baseline brain volume ( 1.10 + / - 0.75 vs 0.48 + / - 0.40 % ; p < 0.001 ) , and a nonsignificant greater hippocampal volume decrease ( 3.78 + / - 2.63 vs 2.86 + / - 3.19 % ; p = 0.124 ) than placebo patients ( n = 57 ) . losses in brain volume were not reflected in worsening cognitive performance ; a composite z score across a Neuropsychological Test Battery showed differences favoring antibody responders over placebo ( 0.03 + / - 0.39 vs -0.24 + / - 0.45 ; p = 0.008 ) . dissociation between brain volume loss and cognitive function was observed in AN1792/QS -21 antibody responders . reasons for this remain unclear but include the possibility that volume changes were due to amyloid removal and associated cerebral fluid shifts ."
2759,Abstract #2759,"infection results in substantial costs , morbidity , and mortality . against influenza is particularly important in children and adolescents who are a significant source of transmission to other high-risk populations , yet pediatric and adolescent vaccine coverage remains low . vaccine reminders have had a limited effect on low-income populations ; however , text messaging is a novel , scalable approach to promote influenza vaccination . evaluate targeted text message reminders for low-income , urban parents to promote receipt of influenza vaccination among children and adolescents . controlled trial of 9213 children and adolescents aged 6 months to 18 years receiving care at 4 community-based clinics in the United States during the 2010-2011 influenza season . the 9213 children and adolescents , 7574 had not received influenza vaccine prior to the intervention start date and were included in the primary analysis . of children assigned to the intervention received up to 5 weekly immunization registry-linked text messages providing educational information and instructions regarding Saturday clinics . the intervention and usual care groups received the usual care , an automated telephone reminder , and access to informational flyers posted at the study sites . of an influenza vaccine dose recorded in the immunization registry via an electronic health record by March 31 , 2011 . was secondarily assessed at an earlier fall review date prior to typical widespread influenza activity . children and adolescents were primarily minority , 88 % were publicly insured , and 58 % were from Spanish-speaking families . of March 31 , 2011 , a higher proportion of children and adolescents in the intervention group ( 43.6 % ; n = 1653 ) compared with the usual care group ( 39.9 % ; n = 1509 ) had received influenza vaccine ( difference , 3.7 % [ 95 % CI , 1.5 % -5.9 % ] ; relative rate ratio [ RRR ] , 1.09 [ 95 % CI , 1.04-1 .15 ] ; P = .001 ) . the fall review date , 27.1 % ( n = 1026 ) of the intervention group compared with 22.8 % ( n = 864 ) of the usual care group had received influenza vaccine ( difference , 4.3 % [ 95 % CI , 2.3 % -6.3 % ] ; RRR , 1.19 [ 95 % CI , 1.10-1 .28 ] ; P < .001 ) . children and adolescents in a low-income , urban population , a text messaging intervention compared with usual care was associated with an increased rate of influenza vaccination . , the overall influenza vaccination rate remained low . Identifier : NCT01146912 ."
2760,Abstract #2760,"with cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy ( MHE ) have driving difficulties but the effects of therapy on driving performance is unclear . evaluated whether performance on a driving simulator improves in patients with MHE after treatment with rifaximin . with MHE who were current drivers were randomly assigned to placebo or rifaximin groups and followed up for 8 weeks ( n = 42 ) . underwent driving simulation ( driving and navigation tasks ) at the start ( baseline ) and end of the study . evaluated patients ' cognitive abilities , quality of life ( using the Sickness Impact Profile ) , serum levels of ammonia , levels of inflammatory cytokines , and model for end-stage-liver disease scores . primary outcome was the percentage of patients who improved in driving performance , calculated as follows : total driving errors = speeding + illegal turns + collisions . the 8-week study period , patients given rifaximin made significantly greater improvements than those given placebo in avoiding total driving errors ( 76 % vs 31 % ; P = .013 ) , speeding ( 81 % vs 33 % ; P = .005 ) , and illegal turns ( 62 % vs 19 % ; P = .01 ) . patients given rifaximin , 91 % improved their cognitive performance , compared with 61 % of patients given placebo ( P = .01 ) ; they also made improvements in the psychosocial dimension of the Sickness Impact Profile compared with the placebo group ( P = .04 ) . to the assigned drug averaged 92 % . group had changes in ammonia levels or model for end-stage-liver disease scores , but patients in the rifaximin group had increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 . with MHE significantly improve driving simulator performance after treatment with rifaximin , compared with placebo ."
2761,Abstract #2761,"current standard of care in proton pump inhibitor failure is to double the proton pump inhibitor dose , despite limited therapeutic gain . To determine the efficacy of adding acupuncture vs. doubling the proton pump inhibitor dose in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients who failed symptomatically on proton pump inhibitors once daily . patients with classic heartburn symptoms who continued to be symptomatic on standard-dose proton pump inhibitors were enrolled into the study . participants underwent upper endoscopy while on proton pump inhibitors once daily . , patients were randomized to either adding acupuncture to their proton pump inhibitor or doubling the proton pump inhibitor dose over a period of 4 weeks . was delivered twice a week by an expert . two groups did not differ in demographic parameters . acupuncture + proton pump inhibitor group demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean daytime heartburn , night-time heartburn and acid regurgitation scores at the end of treatment when compared with baseline , while the double-dose proton pump inhibitor group did not demonstrate a significant change in their clinical endpoints . general health score was only significantly improved in the acupuncture + proton pump inhibitor group . acupuncture is more effective than doubling the proton pump inhibitor dose in controlling gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-related symptoms in patients who failed standard-dose proton pump inhibitors ."
2762,Abstract #2762,"investigate an effect of a personal health record booklet ( PHRB ) to knowledge , self-efficacy and healthy behaviors among Thai population at risk of CVD . present study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in a primary care unit during November 2008 and January 2009 . random sample of 204 CVD risk population were recruited as a comparison group ( n = 102 ) , who received a regular follow-up and recorded routine blood pressure using booklet and an experimental group ( n = 102 ) , who received the regular follow-up and the intervention consisting of health education for CVD information and self-monitoring practice . were collected by using self-administered questionnaires at the baseline , the 4th week and the 8th week . data were analyzed by descriptive statistics , Chi-square test and GLM repeated measures . score was significantly decreased although self-efficacy was increased over a time in the experimental group . except the figure of sweet/cookies consumption , the mean score of healthy behaviors were not improved in the experimental group when compared to the comparison group . information , activity illustrations with caption , health record section and daily self-monitoring tables in desired behaviors should be considered for inclusion in the booklet ."
2763,Abstract #2763,"study examines the long-term clinical outcome and the incidence of recurrent stenosis ( > or = 50 % ) after carotid endarterectomy ( CEA ) with primary closure ( PC ) versus vein patch closure ( VPC ) , saphenous ( SVP ) , and jugular vein ( JVP ) and polytetrafluoroethylene patch closure ( PTFE-P ) . total of 399 CEAs were randomized into the following groups : 135 PC , 134 PTFE-P , and 130 VPC ( SVP alternating with JVP ) . duplex ultrasound scans were performed at 1 , 6 , and 12 months and every year thereafter . mean follow-up was 30 months with a range of 1 to 62 months , and demographic characteristics were similar in all groups . analysis was used to estimate the risk of restenosis and the stroke-free survival . incidence of ipsilateral stroke was 5 % ( seven of 135 ) for PC , 1 % ( one of 134 ) for PTFE-P , and 0 % for VPC ( PC vs VPC , p = 0.008 ; PC vs PTFE-P , p = 0.034 ) . strokes occurred in the perioperative period . three groups had similar mortality rates . cumulative stroke-free survival rate at 48 months was 82 % for PC , 84 % for PTFE-P , and 88 % for VPC ( p < 0.01 for PC vs PTFE-P or VPC ) . had a higher incidence of recurrent stenosis and occlusion ( 34 % ) than PTFE-P ( 2 % ) and VPC ( 9 % ) ( SVP 9 % , JVP 8 % ) ( p < 0.001 ) . had a lower recurrent stenosis rate than VPC ( p < 0.045 ) . necessitating a redo CEA were also higher for PC ( 11 % ) than for PTFE-P ( 1 % ) and VPC ( 2 % ) ( p < 0.001 ) . with PC had a higher recurrent stenosis rate than men ( 46 % vs 23 % , p = 0.008 ) . analysis showed that freedom from recurrent stenosis at 48 months was 47 % for PC , 84 % for VPC , and 96 % for PTFE-P ( p < 0.001 ) . SVP and JVP results were comparable . mean operative diameter of the internal carotid artery was similar in patients with or without restenosis . more late internal carotid artery dilatations occurred in the VPC group compared with the PC group . closure ( VPC or PTFE-P ) is less likely than PC to cause perioperative stroke . was also superior in lowering the incidence of late recurrent stenoses , especially in women ."
2764,Abstract #2764,", a serotonin reuptake blocker that has been shown to be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder and other unwanted repetitive , ritualized behaviors , was hypothesized to be superior to desipramine , a tricyclic antidepressant with selective noradrenergic effects , for developmental stuttering . psychiatrically normal subjects , aged 14-61 years , with developmental stuttering completed a 10-week double-blind crossover trial of clomipramine and desipramine after a 2-week single-blind placebo phase . was superior to desipramine ( two-tailed , p < .05 ) for 5 of 10 self-report ratings including stuttering severity on two scales , degree of preoccupation with stuttering and resistance to stuttering on a visual analog scale , and `` expectancy '' of stuttering on the Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory . may be clinically useful for some patients with developmental stuttering . links between developmental stuttering and other repetitive motor patterns that are selectively responsive to serotonergic agents should be explored ."
2765,Abstract #2765,"compare the clinical wear performance of nanofilled restorations ( Filtek Supreme ) against microhybrid restorations ( Z100 ) in a 5-year randomized clinical trial to evaluate the wear rate and the influence of subject - , operator - and restoration-related variables on wear rate . Filtek Supreme and 17 Z100 restorations were placed in human molars ( split-mouth-model ) and bonded with Single Bond/Scotch Bond Adhesive . were recalled at baseline , 6 - , 12-months and at annual intervals until 5-years of clinical service . gypsum replicas at each recall were used for 3D-Pro-laser scanning to quantify wear and the epoxy resin replicas were observed under SEM for microwear patterns . were used to study the influence of the different variables on the vertical and volume loss . wear , but not the vertical wear rate of the two restorative materials were significantly influenced ( p < 0.05 ) by the factors such as operator , cavity type , as well as combination of operator-cavity type and quadrant type . variations in the occlusal surface microwear patterns over time reflect the effect of biomechanics of mastication on the restorative composite . rate of vertical and volume loss of both the restoratives appear , on average , not to be constant even after the early stage wear , under the influence of certain clinical variables ."
2766,Abstract #2766,"evaluate the glycemic control , lipid effects , and safety of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . ( n = 197 ) with type 2 diabetes mellitus , a hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) > or = 8.0 % , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) > 7.7 mmol/l ( 140 mg/dl ) , and C-peptide > 0.331 nmol/l ( 1 ng/ml ) were enrolled in this 23-week multi-center ( 27 sites ) , double-blind clinical trial and randomized to receive either a placebo or pioglitazone HCl 30 mg ( pioglitazone ) , administered once daily , as monotherapy . were required to discontinue all anti-diabetic medications 6 weeks before receiving study treatment . parameters included HbA1c fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , serum C-peptide , insulin , triglycerides ( Tg ) , and cholesterol ( total cholesterol [ TC ] , high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [ HDL-C ] , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [ LDL-C ] ) . event rates , serum chemistry , and physical examinations were recorded . with placebo , pioglitazone significantly ( P = 0.0001 ) reduced HbA1c ( -1.37 % points ) , FPG ( -3.19 mmol/l ; -57.5 mg/dl ) , fasting C-peptide ( -0.076 + / -0.022 nmol/l ) , and fasting insulin ( -11.88 + / -4.70 pmol/l ) . significantly ( P < 0.001 ) decreased insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ; -12.4 + / -7.46 % ) and improved beta-cell function ( Homeostasis Model Assessment ( HOMA-BCF ) ; +47.7 + / -11.58 % ) . with placebo , fasting serum Tg concentrations decreased ( -16.6 % ; P = 0.0178 ) and HDL-C concentrations increased ( +12.6 % ; P = 0.0065 ) with pioglitazone as monotherapy . cholesterol and LDL-C changes were not different from placebo . overall adverse event profile of pioglitazone was similar to that of placebo , with no evidence of drug-induced elevations of serum alanine transaminase ( ALT ) concentrations or hepatotoxicity . improved insulin resistance and glycemic control , as well as Tg and HDL-C - which suggests that pioglitazone may reduce cardiovascular risk for patients with type 2 diabetes ."
2767,Abstract #2767,"research has discussed the use of low-frequency electrical stimulation to increase blood flow by eliciting muscular contraction in soft tissues . randomized clinical trial examined the efficacy of low-frequency electrical stimulation combined with stretching exercises and foot orthoses in individuals diagnosed as having plantar fasciitis for less than 6 months . participants aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed as having plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to two treatment groups : a control group receiving only stretching and orthoses and a treatment group receiving low-frequency electrical stimulation in addition to stretching and orthoses . assess treatment response , a visual analog scale was used to determine first-step morning pain , and changes in daily activity levels were monitored by using a validated outcome measure . of the participants were assessed before starting treatment , after 4 weeks of treatment , and 3 months after the conclusion of treatment . in the control and experimental groups demonstrated pain reduction and improvements in functional activity levels after 4 weeks and 3 months . of whether low-frequency electrical stimulation was used as an intervention , the use of plantar fascia-specific stretching and prefabricated foot orthoses provided short-term ( 3-month ) pain relief and improvement in functional activity levels ."
2768,Abstract #2768,"determine if semiautomated kinetic perimetry ( SKP ) is reproducible and comparable to Goldmann manual kinetic perimetry ( GVF ) . patients were recruited to perform visual field testing using GVF and SKP . isopters were tested , quantified , and compared . field patterns were analyzed for shape and defect . patients ( 16 eyes ) underwent visual field studies using SKP and GVF , and 8 patients completed a second SKP on a different day . isopter areas were similar between GVF and SKP , although 60 % of isopters were larger on SKP by an average of 15 % . was statistically significant for the smaller isopters , I4e ( P = 0.02 ) and I2e ( P = 0.05 ) . with SKP on a separate day , showed similar isopter areas ( P values = 0.3 to 1.0 ) , however , the exact location of isopters in degrees from central fixation tended to vary with the smaller test object sizes . position in degrees from the central axis agreed in at least 3 quadrants in approximately 65 % of fields compared . visual field defects and patterns were similar between test strategies . and GVF testing produce similar visual field results in glaucoma patients , and SKP testing seems to be reliable and reproducible in this population . , overlapping isopters , typically associated with nonorganic vision loss , and jagged isopters were sometimes observed in SKP visual fields . study of SKP is needed to explore these findings ."
2769,Abstract #2769,"compare the efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine and fluoxetine treatment in a sample population consisting of Chinese patients suffering moderate-to-severe depression . patients with a diagnosis of major depressive episode ( DSM-IV ) and scoring 15 or more on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ( HAM-D ) were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of treatment with either mirtazapine ( 15-45 mg/day ) or fluoxetine ( 20-40 mg/day ) . was assessed using the HAM-D and Clinical Global Impressions scale , with analyses performed on the intent-to-treat sample using the last-observation-carried-forward method . analysis was based on the all-subjects-treated group . daily doses were 34.1 mg for mirtazapine ( N = 66 ) and 30.7 mg for fluoxetine ( N = 66 ) . patients in the mirtazapine group and 22 in the fluoxetine group dropped out . drugs proved equally effective for reduction of the overall symptoms of depression throughout the treatment period . day 42 , the mean reductions in HAM-D total score ( compared with baseline ) were 11.8 and 10.6 for the mirtazapine and fluoxetine groups , respectively ; however , the changes were not statistically significant . treatments were well tolerated , with more nausea and influenza-like symptoms observed for the fluoxetine group , and greater weight increase and somnolence for the mirtazapine analog . mirtazapine and fluoxetine were indistinguishable in effectiveness for treatment of depressive symptoms , and both were well tolerated by our population of depressed Chinese patients . line with analogous Western reports , the safety of mirtazapine and fluoxetine was comparable for our depressed Chinese patients ; however , slightly different side effect profiles were noted for the 2 drugs in our study ."
2770,Abstract #2770,"purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three different intravenous ( IV ) doses of palonosetron compared with placebo for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) in children undergoing dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia ( DRGA ) in the first 24 hours after discharge . total of 286 children who were classified with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I and II , between three and 13 years old ( mean = 6.13 years old ) , and undergoing DRGA were enrolled in this study . children were randomized to receive one of the three doses of palonosetron ( 0.0025 mg , 0.0050 mg , or 0.0075 mg ) or placebo immediately before induction of anesthesia . with placebo , the incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the palonosetron groups ( P < .05 ) . , there were no statistically significant differences among the palonosetron groups regarding the number of children with PONV during all time periods after anesthesia ( P < .05 ) . single 0.0025 mg intravenous dose of palonosetron is recommended for further evaluation , as it appears to be an effective dose for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia ."
2771,Abstract #2771,"repair cross complementation group 1 ( ERCC1 ) is a promising biomarker in advanced non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . , current evidence regarding the impact of ERCC1 on toxicity and quality of life ( QOL ) is limited . hundred and forty three patients with advanced NSCLC were enroled in a phase III trial and randomized to triplet chemotherapy or standard doublet regimen . evaluation for ERCC1-status was mainly performed on bioptic material . and patient-reported QOL were correlated to ERCC1-status . observed a significantly improved outcome in patients with ERCC1-negative ( ERCC1-neg ) tumours and demonstrated interaction between ERCC1-status and adenocarcinomas . more toxicity was observed in the entire population of ERCC1-neg tumours and reached significance in patients with adenocarcinomas regarding leukopenia ( P = 0.015 ) , nausea/vomiting ( P = 0.040 ) and neurotoxicity ( P = 0.037 ) . change in QOL in the entire population was -13.33 ( ERCC1-neg ; P = 0.001 ) and -2.25 ( ERCC1-positive ( ERCC1-pos ) : P = 0.607 ) and -14.86 ( ERCC1-neg ; P = 0.006 ) and 0 ( ERCC1-pos ) in patients with adenocarcinomas . QOL deteriorated significantly among survival-favourable ERCC1-neg patients possibly due to increased toxicity especially in patients with adenocarcinomas . novel findings emphasise strict demands for careful patient selection , proper methodology and prospective validation of ERCC1 to prove a true survival benefit before clinical implementation ."
2772,Abstract #2772,"models of the horizontal disparity vergence system assume a nonadaptable transient component . also predict identical postadaptation dynamics during convergence and divergence movements . test the adaptation property of the transient component , a set of experiments were performed in which closed-loop vergence dynamics measured before and after sustained convergence were compared , primarily by comparing the peak vergence velocity , occurrence time of peak vergence velocity , and steady-state vergence posture . dynamics after durations of 30 , 60 , and 90 s of sustained convergence were compared with those after a control duration of 5 s. peak divergence velocity was reduced by about 25 % within 30 s of sustained vergence . , the peak convergence velocity was unchanged for all the exposure durations . , for all durations , the peak divergence velocity was significantly higher than peak convergence velocity . contrast to peak velocities , the occurrence time of peak convergence and divergence velocity did not differ significantly and remained unchanged for all durations . transient component is adaptable . , the adaptation is direction dependent and affects divergence and convergence dynamics differently , thereby suggesting involvement of separate pathways for convergence and divergence in the vergence sensorimotor control ."
2773,Abstract #2773,"speed seems to be related to aerobic capacity , lower limb strength , and functional mobility , however it is not clear whether there is a direct relationship between improvement in muscle strength and gait performance in early postmenopausal women . evaluate the effect of muscle strengthening exercises on the performance of the 6-minute walk test in women within 5 years of menopause . women were randomized into control group ( n = 31 ) , which performed no exercise , and exercise group ( n = 27 ) , which performed muscle strengthening exercises . exercises were performed twice a week for 3 months . exercise protocol consisted of warm-up , stretching , and strengthening of the quadriceps , hamstring , calf , tibialis anterior , gluteus maximus , and abdominal muscles , followed by relaxation . strength training started with 60 % of 1MR ( 2 series of 10-15 repetitions ) , reaching 85 % until the end of the 3-month period ( 4 series of 6 repetitions each ) . between-group comparisons pre - and post-intervention did not show any difference in distance walked , heart rate or blood pressure ( p > 0.05 ) , but showed differences in muscle strength post-intervention , with the exercise group showing greater strength ( p results suggest that muscle strengthening of the lower limbs did not improve performance in the 6-minute walk test in this population of postmenopausal women ."
2774,Abstract #2774,"coronary artery bypass grafting surgery reduces the intraoperative cerebral embolic load and may therefore cause less brain injury . main aim of this study was to compare off-pump and on-pump surgery with regard to the frequency of new postoperative cerebral ischemic lesions and the prevalence of postoperative cognitive impairment . also assessed whether preoperative cerebral ischemic injury predicts the risk for cognitive dysfunction after surgery . hundred twenty patients with ischemic coronary artery disease were prospectively randomized to undergo off-pump or on-pump surgery . detailed neuropsychological assessment and a cerebral magnetic resonance imaging examination were performed on the day before and at 3 months postoperatively . neuropsychological assessment was repeated at 12 months . was no significant ( p = 0.17 ) difference between off-pump ( 8.2 % ) and on-pump ( 17.3 % ) surgery with regard to new postoperative cerebral lesions . prevalence of cognitive impairment after surgery was also similar in the two groups ( 3 months : off-pump 20.4 % , on-pump 23.1 % , p = 0.74 ; 12 months : off-pump 24.1 % , on-pump 23.1 % , p = 0.90 ) . degree of preoperative cerebral ischemic injury was significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction after on-pump ( p = 0.02 ) but not after off-pump ( p = 0.22 ) surgery . of the patients with normal preoperative radiologic findings were found to have cognitive impairment at 3 months postoperatively ( p = 0.04 ) . cognitive function and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of brain injury were similar after off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery . cerebral magnetic resonance imaging can be used to predict the risk for cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery ."
2775,Abstract #2775,"anxiety is an important educational problem that affects millions of students in colleges and schools over the world each year . a low level of anxiety can cause positive motivation for improvement of educational functioning , high levels of it can cause a disturbance in concentration , attention , storage of knowledge , recall and educational reduction . has also been recently determined that there is a relationship between anxiety and assertiveness . , this study is an attempt to determine the effect of assertiveness training on reducing anxiety levels in pre-college academic students in Gonabad city in 2008 . this clinical trial study , all the pre-college students of Gonabad city were invited to participate and 89 students were divided into experimental and control groups . were 3 questionnaires , namely demographic , academic anxiety and assertiveness Rathus questionnaires in which the validity and reliability were calculated and approved . intervention for the experimental group was 5 sessions of assertiveness training using the PRECEDE model and 1 session for parents and teachers to help and support the intervention program . had a post-test 8 weeks after the last training session for each group was conducted . data was analyzed by SPSS . results showed that anxiety levels and decisiveness in the target group were moderate to high and it is seen as a significant reverse relationship between these two factors ( r = -0.69 and p < 0.001 ) . results also showed that there was a significant anxiety decrease in the experimental group after the intervention . the one hand , there was a significant increase in decisiveness for both groups , but there was not a significant difference between academic anxiety and assertiveness in the control group.before and after the intervention . to a significant decrease in anxiety and increased decisiveness in the experimental group , it can be claimed that assertiveness training is an effective non-pharmacological method for reducing academic anxiety and it can improve academic performance ."
2776,Abstract #2776,"diarrhea remains a significant concern with limited treatment options . determine the optimal dose , efficacy , and safety of crofelemer for noninfectious diarrhea . randomized , double-blind , phase 3 trial used a 2-stage design . stages included 2-week screening , 4-week placebo-controlled treatment , and 20-week placebo-free ( open-label ) extension phases . stage I , 196 HIV-seropositive patients with chronic diarrhea were randomized to crofelemer 125 mg , 250 mg , or 500 mg or placebo twice daily . a prospective analysis , the 125-mg twice-daily dose was selected for stage II . stage II , 180 new patients were randomized to crofelemer 125 mg twice daily or placebo for 4 weeks . efficacy analysis was the percentage of patients ( stages I/II combined ) who achieved clinical response ( defined as 2 watery stools/week during 2 of 4 weeks ) . the placebo-free extension phase , response ( 2 watery stools ) was assessed weekly . more patients receiving crofelemer 125 mg achieved clinical response versus placebo ( 17.6 % vs 8.0 % ; one-sided , P = .01 ) . 125 mg resulted in a greater change from baseline in number of daily watery bowel movements ( P = .04 ) and daily stool consistency score ( P = .02 ) versus placebo . the placebo-free extension phase , percentages of weekly responders ranged from 40 % to 56 % at weeks 11 to 24 . was minimally absorbed , well tolerated , did not negatively impact clinical immune parameters , and had a safety profile comparable to placebo . HIV-seropositive patients taking stable antiretroviral therapy , crofelemer provided significant improvement in diarrhea with a favorable safety profile ."
2777,Abstract #2777,"can be accompanied by several challenges , among them cognitive decline . early identification of cognitive impairment offers the opportunity to act with the aim of preventing or delaying dementia . potential intervention measure is MT. test the effect of MT in a sample of older individuals previously identified as having MCI . randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out . were recruited by the local media for a memory study and were submitted to a battery of cognitive tests . meeting inclusion criteria ( n = 112 ) were classified as normal controls ( n = 65 ) and MCI ( n = 47 ) , according to Gauthier and Touchon 's criteria ( Gauthier & Touchon , 2005 ) . study sample was randomly assigned to three different intervention groups : MT group , educational intervention ( EI ) group , and control group ( CG ) . MT group received eight training sessions to learn mnemonic strategies based on ecological tasks . also completed tasks which recruited attention and executive functions . content on memory and aging was also offered . EI participated in the same number of sessions , yet , only the educational content was offered . CG completed pre - and post-test evaluations , and received training afterwards . effects were modest and for certain variables they were equivalent to retest effects . , after training , individuals with MCI in the MT group exhibited cognitive performance typical of individuals without cognitive impairment , suggesting cognitive plasticity . is a feasible non-pharmacological intervention which might bring positive performance change in older adults facing cognitive impairment ."
2778,Abstract #2778,"( SLN ) surgery was designed to minimise the side-effects of lymph-node surgery but still offer outcomes equivalent to axillary-lymph-node dissection ( ALND ) . aims of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project ( NSABP ) trial B-32 were to establish whether SLN resection in patients with breast cancer achieves the same survival and regional control as ALND , but with fewer side-effects . B-32 was a randomised controlled phase 3 trial done at 80 centres in Canada and the USA between May 1 , 1999 , and Feb 29 , 2004 . with invasive breast cancer were randomly assigned to either SLN resection plus ALND ( group 1 ) or to SLN resection alone with ALND only if the SLNs were positive ( group 2 ) . assignment was done at the NSABP Biostatistical Center ( Pittsburgh , PA , USA ) with a biased coin minimisation approach in an allocation ratio of 1:1 . variables were age at entry ( 49 years , 50 years ) , clinical tumour size ( 20 cm , 21-40 cm , 41 cm ) , and surgical plan ( lumpectomy , mastectomy ) . resection was done with a blue dye and radioactive tracer . analyses were done in patients who were assessed as having pathologically negative sentinel nodes and for whom follow-up data were available . primary endpoint was overall survival . were done on an intention-to-treat basis . deaths , irrespective of cause , were included . mean time on study for the SLN-negative patients with follow-up information was 956 months ( range 701-1267 ) . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00003830 . women were randomly assigned to the treatment groups , 3989 had pathologically negative SLN . deaths were reported in the 3986 SLN-negative patients with follow-up information : 140 of 1975 patients in group 1 and 169 of 2011 in group 2 . comparison of overall survival in groups 1 and 2 yielded an unadjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) of 120 ( 95 % CI 096-150 ; p = 012 ) . Kaplan-Meier estimates for overall survival were 918 % ( 95 % CI 904-933 ) in group 1 and 903 % ( 888-918 ) in group 2 . comparisons for disease-free survival yielded an unadjusted HR of 105 ( 95 % CI 090-122 ; p = 054 ) . Kaplan-Meier estimates for disease-free survival were 824 % ( 805-844 ) in group 1 and 815 % ( 796-834 ) in group 2 . were eight regional-node recurrences as first events in group 1 and 14 in group 2 ( p = 022 ) . are continuing follow-up for longer-term assessment of survival and regional control . most common adverse events were allergic reactions , mostly related to the administration of the blue dye . survival , disease-free survival , and regional control were statistically equivalent between groups . the SLN is negative , SLN surgery alone with no further ALND is an appropriate , safe , and effective therapy for breast cancer patients with clinically negative lymph nodes . Public Health Service , National Cancer Institute , and Department of Health and Human Services ."
2779,Abstract #2779,"rapid recovery from mivacurium - induced neuromuscular block has encouraged omission of its reversal . purpose of this study was to determine , in children and in adults , whether failure to reverse mivacurium neuromuscular block was associated with residual neuromuscular block on arrival in the postanesthesia care unit . 50 children , aged 2-12 yr , and 50 adults , aged 20-60 yr , anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol and fentanyl , and neuromuscular block was achieved by an infusion of mivacurium , to maintain one or two visible responses to train-of-four ( TOF ) stimulation of the ulnar nerve . the end of surgery , mivacurium infusion was stopped , and 10 min later , reversal was attempted with saline or 0.5 mg x kg ( -1 ) edrophonium by random allocation . arrival in the postanesthesia care unit , a blinded observer assessed patients clinically and by stimulation of the ulnar nerve with a Datex electromyogram in the uncalibrated TOF mode . arrived in the postanesthesia care unit 8.2 + / - 3-4 min after reversal of neuromuscular block and showed no sign of weakness , either clinically or by TOF stimulation . TOF ratio was greater in children who had received edrophonium ( 1.00 + / - 0.05 vs. 0.93 + / - 0.01 , P < 0.01 ) , TOF was > 0.7 in all children . arrived in the postanesthesia care unit 12.9 + / - 5.3 min after reversal of neuromuscular block ( P < 0.01 vs. children ) . in the saline group demonstrated weakness ( two required immediate reversal of neuromuscular block , and TOF was < 0.7 in four others ) , compared with TOF < 0.7 in only one of the edrophonium group ( P < 0.05 ) . study demonstrated that , in adults , failure to reverse mivacurium neuromuscular block was associated with an increased incidence of residual block . weakness was not observed in children receiving similar anesthetic and neuromuscular blocking regimens ."
2780,Abstract #2780,"prospective comparative study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of implants of different design ( titanium elastic intramedullary nail versus anatomical precontoured dynamic compression plate ) in treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures . patients between 18 and 65years of age were included in this study . were randomized in two groups to be treated with either elastic intramedullary nail ( EIN ) or plate . and radiological assessments were performed at regular intervals . and complications of both groups over 2years of follow-up time were compared . of incision , operation time , blood loss and duration of hospital stay were significantly less for the EIN group . Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ( ASES ) and Constant Shoulder scores were significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) in the plating group than the EIN group for the first 2months but there was no significant difference found between the two groups regarding functional and radiological outcome at the 2-year follow-up . higher rates of refracture after implant removal ( p = 0.045 ) in the plating group was observed . and revision surgery rates were also higher in the plate group , but this difference was insignificant ( p > 0.05 ) . is a safe , minimally invasive surgical technique with a lower complication rate , faster return to daily activities , excellent cosmetic and comparable functional results , and can be used as an equally effective alternative to plate fixation in displaced midshaft clavicle fractures . 2 ."
2781,Abstract #2781,"study examined differences in the concentration of markers of mineral metabolism across race in patients with advanced CKD not requiring dialysis and ESRD . of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25 ( OH ) D ) , 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ( 1,25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D ) , intact parathyroid hormone ( iPTH ) , and fibroblast growth factor 23 ( FGF-23 ) were measured in stored plasma samples of 1497 patients with advanced CKD not yet on dialysis and ESRD who participated in the Homocysteine in Kidney and End Stage Renal Disease study . regression models were used to examine the relationship between race and 25 ( OH ) D , 1,25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D , iPTH , and FGF-23 concentrations . white patients comprised 58 % of the cohort , whereas non-Hispanic blacks comprised 42 % . ( interquartile range ) FGF-23 concentrations were lower in blacks compared with whites with CKD ( 323 [ 181-655 ] versus 431 [ 232-1026 ] RU/ml ; P < 0.001 ) but not in ESRD . adjusted linear regression models , blacks with CKD not requiring dialysis had significantly lower plasma FGF-23 concentrations ( difference , -159 ; 95 % confidence interval , -205 to -106 ; P < 0.001 ) compared with whites , independent of plasma 25 ( OH ) D , 1,25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D , and iPTH concentrations . difference was not observed in the ESRD group . magnitude of correlation for the relationships between 1,25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D with iPTH , FGF-23 with 1,25 ( OH ) ( 2 ) D , and FGF-23 with iPTH were stronger among blacks than whites with CKD not requiring dialysis . advanced CKD not requiring dialysis , blacks have lower FGF-23 concentrations than whites . with CKD and ESRD have lower 25 ( OH ) D and higher iPTH compared with whites , independent of FGF-23 concentrations ."
2782,Abstract #2782,"study effects of ivabradin on clinicohemodynamic and prognostic parameters in patients after myocardial infarction ( MI ) with systolic chronic cardiac failure ( SCCF ) . population-based randomized prospective trial enrolled 49 patients ( 40 males -- 81.6 % , mean age 63.1 + / - 8.1 years ) with sinus rhythm and a longer than 3 month history of MI . patients were randomized into 2 groups : 23 patients of group 1 received standard treatment plus ivabradin , 26 patients of group 2 received standard treatment alone . was 36.1 + / - 6.2 months . analysed the trend in heart rate ( HR ) , blood pressure ( BP ) , parameters of echocardiography , ECG , levels of electrolytes , creatinin in blood plasma , frequency of hospitalizations , recurrent non-fatal MI and lethality ( combined endpoint ) . the end of the trial ivabradin significantly decreased HR from 71 to 64 b/m . of combined end point of efficacy was 30.4 and 50 % in group 1 and 2 , respectively . group 1 primary end point in high baseline HR occurred more frequently than in HR < 70 b/m in 6 ( 50 % ) and 1 ( 9.1 % ) cases , respectively , but these differences were not significant ( p = 0.068 ) . group 2 the differences were significant -- 9 ( 90 % ) and 4 ( 25 % ) cases , respectively ( p = 0.004 ) . none of the parameters of ECG , plasma electrolytes , creatinine level significant intergroup differences were found . the same trend in BP and ECG , group 1 patients showed significant and more pronounced HR lowering than group 2 patients . of ivabradin to standard treatment of SCCF after MI promoted less frequency of hospitalizations , recurrent non-fatal MI , fatal cardiovascular events . effect was especially strong in high baseline HR ."
2783,Abstract #2783,"assess the long-term stability of improvements in symptoms and signs in 9 - to 17-year-old children enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial who were asymptomatic after treatment for convergence insufficiency . patients who were asymptomatic after a 12-week therapy program for convergence insufficiency were followed for 1 year [ 33/60 in office-based vergence/accommodative therapy ( OBVAT ) , 18/54 in home-based pencil push-ups ( HBPP ) , 12/57 in home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy and pencil push-ups ( HBCVAT + ) , and 16/54 in office-based placebo therapy ( OBPT ) ] . and clinical signs were measured 6 months and 1 year after completion of the 12-week therapy program . primary outcome measure was the mean change on the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey ( CISS ) . outcome measures were near point of convergence , positive fusional vergence at near , and proportions of patients who remained asymptomatic or who were classified as successful or improved based on a composite measure of CISS , near point of convergence , and positive fusional vergence . follow-up visit completion rate was 89 % with no significant differences between groups ( p = 0.26 ) . were no significant changes in the CISS in any treatment group during the 1-year follow-up . percentage who remained asymptomatic in each group was 84.4 % ( 27/32 ) for OBVAT , 66.7 % ( 10/15 ) for HBPP , 80 % ( 8/10 ) for HBCVAT + , and 76.9 % ( 10/13 ) for OBPT . percentage who remained either successful or improved 1-year posttreatment was 87.5 % ( 28/32 ) for OBVAT , 66.6 % ( 10/15 ) for HBPP , 80 % ( 8/10 ) for HBCVAT + , and 69.3 % ( 9/13 ) for OBPT . children aged 9 to 17 years who were asymptomatic after a 12-week treatment program of OBVAT for convergence insufficiency maintained their improvements in symptoms and signs for at least 1 year after discontinuing treatment . the sample sizes for the home-based and placebo groups were small , our data suggest that a similar outcome can be expected for children who were asymptomatic after treatment with HBPP or HBCVAT + ."
2784,Abstract #2784,"dosing regimens could improve both adherence and asthma-related morbidity . , there is little information on the effectiveness of once-daily budesonide , administered through a metered dose inhaler ( MDI ) plus spacer , on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function in asthmatic children . aim of this study was to compare the effect of once-daily versus twice-daily doses of inhaled budesonide on symptoms , lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness ( BHR ) in asthmatic children . study was a randomized , single-blind , parallel clinical trial . received budesonide from an MDI either 800 microg as a daily dose or fractionated in 400 microg twice a day for 12 weeks . analysis was performed using tests for independent and paired samples . both groups , asthma symptoms significantly decreased . , the improvement in asthma symptoms , decrease in BHR and treatment adherence were significantly greater in the once-daily group than in the twice-daily group ( p < 0.05 ) . significant differences were found between the two groups in spirometric parameters , morning peak expiratory flow or plasma cortisol values . administration of 800 microg of inhaled budesonide administered by MDI plus spacer was more effective in controlling symptoms and improving BHR than fractionating the dose to 400 microg twice daily . differences observed in this study could have been due to the greater adherence to treatment in patients in the once-daily group ."
2785,Abstract #2785,"examine the effects of 30 min of self-paced , non-supervised , brisk walking , 5 days per week on the health and fitness of people aged 50-65 years . controlled trial . of the intervention group ( n = 21 ) were directed to walk briskly for 30 min , 5 days per week , for 12 weeks . were given the choice to complete the 30 min of walking in one session or in shorter bouts of no less than 10 min . were asked to record in a diary the time spent walking and the number of steps taken during a single walk using a pedometer . in the control group ( n = 10 ) were asked to maintain their habitual lifestyle and not change their activity or dietary habits . of body mass index ( BMI ) , waist/hip ratio ( WHR ) , blood pressure , functional capacity , total cholesterol , triglyceride , and lipoprotein subfractions were taken before and after the program . in 10-year risk estimate for coronary heart disease and stroke were calculated using Framingham risk equations . urban general practices patients : 31 healthy , sedentary 50 - to 65-year-old participants recruited following contact by their general practitioner . mean time spent walking by the intervention group was 27.72 ( + / -9.79 ) min/day : their adherence to the protocol was 90.3 % . decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure , reduction in stroke risk , and increased functional capacity were found within the walking group between baseline and 12-week measurements . changes were found in these parameters within the control group . reductions in 10-year risk of CHD were observed in both groups . significant changes were found in lipid levels or anthropometric measurements in either group . study provides evidence for the benefit to fitness and cardiovascular risk of the `` 30-min brisk walking , 5 days a week '' message to people aged 50-65 years who participated in an unsupervised home-based walking program . study to overcome the problem of poor recruitment and determine the minimum effective dose of exercise to improve cardiovascular risk prediction scores is required ."
2786,Abstract #2786,"the European Multicenter Study on the Use of Aprotinin in Liver Transplantation ( EMSALT ) , a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , prospective study , we demonstrated that aprotinin significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss during orthotopic liver transplantation ( OLT ) . is metabolized in the kidney and potentially nephrotoxic at high concentrations . insufficiency is a common and serious complication after OLT . is unknown whether aprotinin increases the risk of renal failure after OLT . analyzed intraoperative urine output , need for postoperative dialysis , perioperative serum creatinine levels , and creatinine clearance in 93 patients enrolled in EMSALT , receiving a high dose of aprotinin , a regular dose , or placebo . increase in serum creatinine exceeding 0.5 mg/dl during one of the postoperative days occurred in 11 ( 35 % ) patients in the placebo group , in 11 ( 34 % ) patients in the high-dose group , but only in 1 ( 3 % ) patient in the regular-dose group ( P = 0.007 ) . , a perioperative decrease in creatinine clearance was seen in the placebo group ( -23.9 + / -10.1 ml/min ) but not in both high-dose ( -1.6 + / -13.3 ml/min ) and regular-dose ( 9.7 + / -10.3 ml/min ) groups ( P < 0.02 comparing regular-dose and placebo group ) . its potential nephrotoxicity , the use of aprotinin for reducing blood loss during OLT does not lead to a higher incidence of postoperative renal insufficiency . combination with the observed reduction in blood loss , these findings support the prophylactic use of regular-dose aprotinin during OLT ."
2787,Abstract #2787,"consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages ( SSBs ) has been associated with an elevated risk of obesity , metabolic syndrome , and type II diabetes mellitus . , the effects of SSB consumption on blood pressure ( BP ) are uncertain . objective of this study was to determine the relationship between changes in SSB consumption and changes in BP among adults . was a prospective analysis of 810 adults who participated in the PREMIER Study ( an 18-month behavioral intervention trial ) . and dietary intake ( by two 24-hour recalls ) were measured at baseline and at 6 and 18 months . models were applied to estimate the changes in BP in responding to changes in SSB consumption . baseline , mean SSB intake was 0.9 + / -1.0 servings per day ( 10.5 + / -11.9 fl oz/d ) , and mean systolic BP/diastolic BP was 134.9 + / -9.6 / 84.8 + / -4.2 mm Hg . potential confounders were controlled for , a reduction in SSB of 1 serving per day was associated with a 1.8-mm Hg ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.2 to 2.4 ) reduction in systolic BP and 1.1-mm Hg ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.7 to 1.4 ) reduction in diastolic BP over 18 months . additional adjustment for weight change over the same period , a reduction in SSB intake was still significantly associated with reductions in systolic and diastolic BPs ( P < 0.05 ) . intake of sugars was also significantly associated with reduced BP . association was found for diet beverage consumption or caffeine intake and BP . findings suggest that sugars may be the nutrients that contribute to the observed association between SSB and BP . consumption of SSB and sugars was significantly associated with reduced BP . SSB and sugar consumption may be an important dietary strategy to lower BP . : http://clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00000616 ."
2788,Abstract #2788,"compare the pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , and safety of lansoprazole administered as a 2-minute intravenous bolus injection versus a 30-minute continuous infusion . I , open-label , randomized , crossover , single-center trial . research facility . healthy volunteers aged 18-55 years . subject received one of three regimens . regimen contained the same three treatments but in a different sequence : an intravenous injection of lansoprazole 30 mg/10 ml of normal saline over 2 minutes , an infusion of lansoprazole 30 mg/60 ml of normal saline over 30 minutes , and an intravenous injection of 10 ml of normal saline ( placebo ) over 2 minutes . treatment was administered once/day for 7 days , with a washout period of at least 5 days separating each one . samples were assayed for lansoprazole concentrations by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry . the 2-minute administration , mean peak lansoprazole concentrations were about 2-fold higher than those after the 30-minute administration on days 1 and 7 . area under the concentration versus time curve met criteria for bioequivalence on both days . administration resulted in a greater percentage of time that the 24-hour pH was above 4 compared with the 30-minute administration ( 53 % vs 47 % , p = 0.045 ) , with comparable 24-hour integrated gastric acidity ( 114.4 vs 91.6 mmol * hr/L for 2-min vs 30-min , p = 0.335 ) . greater acid suppression occurred during the first hour after the 2-minute administration compared with that after the 30-minute administration ( p < or = 0.001 ) . profiles were similar among the regimens . immediate gastric acid suppression occurred after administration of lansoprazole 30 mg over 2 minutes than over 30 minutes , with other pharmacokinetic , pharmacodynamic , and safety profiles being similar ."
2789,Abstract #2789,"order to investigate the potential of Helicobacter pylori ( HP ) to induce dyspepsia , we performed a randomized prospective study on the long-term effect of HP-eradication on symptoms of HP-positive dyspeptic patients in whom other organic causes for dyspepsia were carefully ruled out . patients referred to our endoscopy unit with dyspeptic symptoms for at least six months entered the study . with previous peptic ulcer were excluded . endoscopy of the upper alimentary tract and 13C-urea breath test , patients with active peptic ulcer , hiatal hernia , macroscopic evidence for esophagitis and negative HP-status were excluded . remaining patients underwent abdominal sonography , H2-exhalation test with lactose , and 24-h pH monitoring in order to exclude other organic causes for dyspepsia . 20 patients , dyspepsia was assumed to be due to HP-gastritis . received eradication therapy and were controlled as assessed by the 13C-urea breath test six weeks and six months after completion of the therapy . symptoms were monitored by means of a validated symptom score . of 20 patients with HP-gastritis the first eradication treatment was successful in 13 , while seven patients remained HP-positive after antibiotic treatment . months after completion of therapy the symptoms of HP-eradicated patients improved considerably ( score values 17.4 + / - 1.5 and 10.2 + / - 0.8 , respectively , p < 0.01 ) whereas symptoms of patients with persistent infection remained unchanged ( 21.1 + / - 1.7 and 20.4 + / - 1.5 , n.s. ) and only improved after successful retherapy ( 20.4 + / - 1.5 and 11.7 + / - 2.1 , p < 0.05 ) . total , 17 of 20 patients ( 85 % ) improved after successful eradication . , neutrophil infiltration in the gastric mucosa correlated to both dyspeptic symptoms before therapy ( r = 0.85 ) and the decrease in symptom score after HP-eradication ( r = 0.61 ) . contrast , the symptoms of eight patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were not improved after eradication ( 20.0 + / - 1.1 and 18.2 + / - 1.0 , n.s. ) per se contributes to dyspepsia . of 20 ( 85 % ) HP-positive dyspeptic patients improved after HP-eradication , when other potential organic causes for dyspepsia had been ruled out . , many patients did not completely recover but the symptoms only partly decreased which parallels the persistence of part of the inflammatory infiltration in the gastric mucosa . emphasizes the importance of HP-gastritis as an organic disease causing dyspeptic symptoms ."
2790,Abstract #2790,"purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of ondansetron on the single-dose pharmacokinetics and the analgesic effects elicited by morphine and the 3 - and 6-glucuronide metabolites of morphine in healthy volunteers . was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , two-way crossover study in which six male and six female subjects were administered a single 10 mg intravenous dose of morphine sulphate , followed 30 min later by a single 16 mg intravenous dose of ondansetron hydrochloride or placebo . and urine concentrations of morphine , morphine-3-glucuronide ( M3G ) and morphine-6-glucuronide ( M6G ) samples were quantified over 48 h using high performance liquid chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry . was assessed in the volunteers with a contact thermode device to provide a thermal pain stimulus . analgesic response variables were measured including thermal pain threshold , thermal pain tolerance , temporal summation of pain and mood state . two treatments appeared to be equivalent based on the 90 % confidence intervals ( 0.6 , 1.67 ) of the least squares means ratio . least squares means ratio confidence intervals for each parameter , for each analyte fell within the specified range , demonstrating a lack of an interaction . results of this study suggest that administration of ondansetron ( 16 mg i.v. ) does not alter the pharmacokinetics of morphine and its 3 - or 6-glucuronide metabolites to a clinically significant extent , nor does it affect the overall analgesic response to morphine as measured by the contact thermode system ."
2791,Abstract #2791,"evaluate the use of a high dose of nitroglycerin ( NTG ) for prophylaxis against myocardial ischemia and infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery with accelerated recovery . , double-blind , placebo-controlled randomized study . university-based medical center . adult patients presenting for elective CABG surgery . patients were divided into 2 blinded study groups . patients received 2 microg/kg/min of NTG starting before induction of anesthesia and continuing for 6 hours after extubation in the intensive care unit . placebo group ( n = 20 ) received normal saline during this same interval . , incidence and severity of myocardial ischemia , and myocardial infarction rates were determined . were no differences in hemodynamic parameters between groups . incidence of ischemia was approximately 35 % in each group . infarction ( as determined by elevated creatine kinase-MB fraction , troponin I , and electrocardiogram criteria ) was 10 % in the placebo group and 5 % in the NTG group ( p = 0.234 ) . study shows a high incidence of myocardial ischemia and infarction in patients presenting for CABG surgery with an accelerated recovery management scheme . was well tolerated clinically ; however , it was not found to be protective against myocardial ischemia or infarction in this setting ."
2792,Abstract #2792,"training may be an effective age-appropriate child behavior-modification strategy to assist parents in addressing childhood overweight . goal was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of parenting-skills training as a key strategy for the treatment of overweight children . design consisted of an assessor-blinded , randomized , controlled trial involving 111 ( 64 % female ) overweight , prepubertal children 6 to 9 years of age randomly assigned to parenting-skills training plus intensive lifestyle education , parenting-skills training alone , or a 12-month wait-listed control . , BMI , and waist-circumference z score and metabolic profile were assessed at baseline , 6 months , and 12 months ( intention to treat ) . 12 months , the BMI z score was reduced by approximately 10 % with parenting-skills training plus intensive lifestyle education versus approximately 5 % with parenting-skills training alone or wait-listing for intervention . z score fell over 12 months in both intervention groups but not in the control group . was a significant gender effect , with greater reduction in BMI and waist-circumference z scores in boys compared with girls . training combined with promoting a healthy family lifestyle may be an effective approach to weight management in prepubertal children , particularly boys . studies should be powered to allow gender subanalysis ."
2793,Abstract #2793,"research has shown that internet education can lead to short-term improvements in clinicians ' knowledge , confidence and communication practices . wished to better understand the duration of these improvements and whether different curriculum delivery strategies differed in affecting these improvements . previously described , we conducted a randomized control trial comparing four different strategies for delivering an e-curriculum about herbs and other dietary supplements ( HDS ) to clinicians . four strategies were delivering the curriculum by : a ) email over 10 weeks ; b ) email within one week ; c ) web-site over 10 weeks ; d ) web-site within one week . were surveyed at baseline , immediately after the course and 6-10 months after completing the course ( long-term ) . outcomes focused on clinicians ' knowledge , confidence and communication practices . the 780 clinicians who completed the course , 385 ( 49 % ) completed the long-term survey . and non-completers of the long-term survey had similar demographics and professional characteristics at baseline . were statistically significant improvements from baseline to long-term follow-up in knowledge , confidence and communication practices ; these improvements did not differ by curriculum delivery strategy . scores improved from 67.7 + / - 10.3 at baseline to 78.8 + / - 12.3 at long-term follow-up ( P < 0.001 ) . scores improved from 53.7 + / - 17.8 at baseline to 66.9 + / - 12.0 at long term follow-up ( P < 0.001 ) ; communication scores improved from 2.6 + / - 1.9 at baseline to 3.6 + / - 2.1 ( P < 0.001 ) at long-term follow-up . e - curriculum led to significant and sustained improvements in clinicians ' expertise about HDS regardless of the delivery strategy . studies should compare the impact of required vs. elective courses and self-reported vs. objective measures of behavior change ."
2794,Abstract #2794,"primary objective of this study was to compare postoperative pain levels between Merocel and Series 5000 nasal packs . prospective randomised , single blind , paired control trial . single consultant in two tertiary Otolaryngology units . adults , ASA 1 , who underwent septoplasty , endoscopic sinus surgery or both , were considered after exclusion criteria were applied : bleeding abnormalities , patients taking anticoagulant medications and any significant co-morbidity requiring admission beyond 24-h postoperatively . patients were randomly assigned to have one side of their nose packed with Merocel pack and the other with Series 5000 overnight . difference in pain levels , using a visual analogue scale , both with the pack in situ and on removal . 20 patients , the mean pain scores while the packs were in situ were 3.78 for Merocel and 3.62 for Series 5000 and was not found to be significantly different ( P = 0.65.95 % CI = -0.57 -0.89 ) . mean pain score on removal of the Merocel pack was five and for the Series 5000 was 3.08 . Series 5000 pack was significantly less painful than Merocel on removal ( P < 0.0001.95 % CI = 1.11-2 .7 ) . were equally effective in their stability and haemostatic effect . the Merocel and Series 5000 packs are effective packs regarding haemostasis and have equivalent pain levels while in situ . , the Series 5000 pack was significantly less painful on removal of the pack ."
2795,Abstract #2795,"evaluated the effect of the divalproex sodium formulation of valproic acid on brain volumes using MRI in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease ( AD ) and assessed for changes associated with behavioral and cognitive effects . of 313 participants randomized to divalproex or placebo in a 24-month , parallel-group trial received MRI scans at baseline and 12 months . MRI annual percent changes in whole brain , ventricular , and hippocampal volumes were the primary outcomes of interest . from baseline in clinical outcomes was assessed at 6-month intervals . were no baseline differences between active treatment and placebo groups in age , education , brain volumes , clinical rating scores , or APOE 4 carrier status . group treated with divalproex showed a greater rate of decline in left and right hippocampal and brain volumes ( -10.9 % and -12.4 % vs -5.6 % and -6.3 % , and -3.5 % vs -1.4 % , respectively ) , and a greater rate of ventricular expansion ( 24.5 % vs 9.9 % ) ( p < 0.001 ) . State Examination scores showed a more rapid decline with divalproex through month 12 ( placebo = -2.0 4.3 , divalproex = -3.9 4.0 ) ( p = 0.037 ) , although there were no changes on other cognitive , behavioral , or functional ratings at 12 and 24 months . treatment was associated with accelerated brain volume loss over 1 year and perhaps with greater cognitive impairment . long-term clinical effects of these changes are not known ."
2796,Abstract #2796,"asses the efficacy and safety of Topiglan ( 1 % alprostadil in a formulation with 5 % SEPA [ soft enhancer of percutaneous absorption ] ) or placebo gel ( 0.25 mL ) applied to the glans penis only in 60 patients with moderate to severe erectile dysfunction in a two-visit , in-office clinical trial . the first visit , open-label placebo gel was applied . the second visit , blind , random allocation to Topiglan ( n = 31 ) or placebo gel ( n = 29 ) occurred . minutes after application , an erotic movie showing heterosexual sex began ; at 45 minutes , a penile vibrator was used . and tactile stimulation were discontinued at 65 minutes , and the patient was observed until 90 minutes after application . the scheduled time points , the erection response was assessed by both the investigator and the patient and signs and symptoms of tolerance were evaluated . produced a greater angle of erection ( P = 0.003 ) and maximum rigidity ( P = 0.033 ) compared with the placebo gel . responses to Topiglan were greater than to placebo gel at all time points after application , with the greatest differences observed at 45 and 60 minutes . the 31 patients treated with Topiglan , 12 ( 38.9 % ) achieved an erection judged sufficient for vaginal penetration ( P = 0.005 ) ; 2 ( 6.9 % ) of the 29 patients who received placebo gel did so . erythema was more common with Topiglan ; symptoms of minor to mild warmth or burning and , less commonly , tingling and coolness were reported by most patients after both Topiglan and placebo gel application . significant changes in vital signs were noted . applied to the glans penis increased penile rigidity and expectations regarding vaginal penetration in patients with erectile dysfunction ."
2797,Abstract #2797,"memory deficits are common in untreated adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , but limited evidence exists to support improvement after treatment with methylphenidate . objective of this study was to examine the effects of methylphenidate on memory functioning of adults with ADHD . adults with ADHD who were clinical responders to methylphenidate participated in this randomized crossover trial . 3 days of no treatment , patients received in random order either their usual methylphenidate dose ( mean : 14.7 mg ; range : 10-30 mg ) or placebo , separated by a 6-7-day washout period . performed an immediate word recall test 1 h after treatment administration . hours after intake , patients performed the second part of the memory test ( delayed word recall and a recognition test ) . recognition and immediate recall was similar on treatment and on placebo . word recall was significantly better in the methylphenidate than in the placebo condition ( F ( 1 , 17 ) = 7.0 , p < 0.017 ) . significant correlation was found between prestudy CES-D depression scores and difference scores on delayed recall ( r = 0.602 , p < 0.008 ) . improves declarative memory functioning in patients with ADHD . studies should further examine whether subclinical depressive symptoms mediate the effect of methylphenidate on declarative memory ."
2798,Abstract #2798,"investigate differences between omeprazole and Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with duodenal ulcers refractory to H2-receptor antagonists and to compare the recurrence rates after the two treatments . patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers refractory to H2-receptor antagonists and H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of treatment with omeprazole 40 mg/day or 4 weeks of treatment with colloidal bismuth subcitrate 480 mg/day plus metronidazole 750 mg/day and tetracycline 1000 mg/day from day 1 to day 14 . were evaluated endoscopically and clinically at the end of treatment . with healed ulcers were followed up for 1 year after cessation of the treatment . was performed at 3 and 12 months . healing occurred in 100 % ( 21/21 ) of patients on triple therapy and 70.5 % ( 12/17 ) of those treated with omeprazole alone ( P = 0.0123 ) . relapse rate at the 3rd month was 11.7 % ( 2/17 ) in the triple therapy group and 60 % ( 6/10 ) in the omeprazole group ( P = 0.0248 ) . the patients followed to study endpoint ( relapse or endoscopy at 12 months ) three of 12 ( 25 % ) receiving triple therapy , compared to six of eight ( 75 % ) receiving omeprazole , relapsed ( P = 0.0648 ) . results show that triple therapy is more effective than omeprazole in the treatment of refractory duodenal ulcers and reduces the rate of ulcer relapse ."
2799,Abstract #2799,"pilot study evaluated whether the addition of online coaching from a peer specialist increased participation in an online program featuring educational and interactive modules to promote self-management of bipolar disorder . total of 118 participants with bipolar disorder recruited from online and in-person support groups and clinical settings were enrolled in MyRecoveryPlan . the group was randomly assigned to receive online coaching support from a certified peer specialist . offered online peer coaching were more likely to return to the program after registration ( 71 % versus 44 % , p = .005 ) and to continue using the program after three weeks ( 38 % versus 9 % , p < .001 ) . pattern was consistent for all program elements . addition of online coaching from a peer specialist significantly increased engagement and retention in the program , but further research is needed to evaluate the program 's effects on clinical and recovery outcomes ."
2800,Abstract #2800,"patients after renal transplantation functional arterial vessel wall properties are impaired . 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) reductase inhibitors have a sustained effect on endothelial function and arterial distensibility in patients after renal transplantation is not clear . authors studied the effects of a long-term therapy with fluvastatin on large artery distensibility and flow-mediated vasodilation ( FMD ) in hypercholesterolemic patients after renal transplantation in a prospective , blinded , and randomized trial . patients who had undergone renal transplantation were assigned randomly to either fluvastatin , 40 mg/d ( n = 13 ) or placebo ( n = 13 ) and underwent follow-up for 3 years . baseline and after 6 , 12 , and 36 months of treatment , carotid and brachial artery distensibility , endothelium-dependent FMD , and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation ( NMD ) of the brachial artery were measured by a echo-tracking device . significant decrease in total and low-density cholesterol was observed after 6 , 12 , and 36 months in patients treated with fluvastatin but not in the placebo group . increased with fluvastatin from 4.6 + / - 2 % to 12.4 + / - 2 % after 12 months ; this improvement was sustained with 13.4 + / - 3 % after 36 months ( P < 0.05 ) . , placebo did not alter FMD ( P < 0.001 for trend difference between groups by analysis of covariance ) . NMD was similar in both groups at baseline and during therapy . carotid nor brachial artery distensibility coefficients were altered by either treatment . reductase inhibitor therapy over 3 years results in a significant and sustained improvement of endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic patients after renal transplantation . , this is not accompanied by a beneficial effect on impaired large artery distensibility even after long-term therapy with fluvastatin ."
2801,Abstract #2801,", a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) , is used as monotherapy for chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) in patients with wild-type ( WT ) KRAS tumors . skin toxicities are the most common adverse events associated with EGFR inhibitors , the differences in efficacy and safety between pre-emptive and reactive skin treatment according to KRAS tumor status has not been reported . patients had mCRC with disease progression or unacceptable toxicity with first-line treatment containing fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy bevacizumab . were randomized 1:1 to pre-emptive or reactive skin treatment ( after skin toxicity developed ) . received either panitumumab 6 mg/kg + FOLFIRI every 2 weeks or panitumumab 9 mg/kg + irinotecan every 3 weeks . study endpoints included overall response rate ( ORR ) , overall survival , progression-free survival ( PFS ) , and safety according to KRAS tumor status . ( 92 % ) of 95 enrolled patients had evaluable KRAS tumor status : 49 ( 56 % ) patients with WT and 38 ( 44 % ) patients with mutant ( MT ) KRAS tumors , respectively . ORR was 16 % and 8 % for patients with WT and MT KRAS tumors , respectively . PFS was 5.5 and 3.3 months for patients with WT and MT KRAS tumors , respectively . most commonly observed adverse events by KRAS tumor status included dermatitis acneiform and pruritus . in combination with irinotecan-based chemotherapy has an acceptable toxicity profile in second-line therapy for mCRC . differences trending in favor of the patients with WT KRAS tumors were observed for most efficacy endpoints ."
2802,Abstract #2802,", there are no approved nonoperative therapies for the ongoing treatment of persistent shoulder pain . data suggest that intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injections may be beneficial for the treatment of persistent shoulder pain resulting from various etiologies . present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate ( Hyalgan ; molecular weight , 500 to 730 kDa ) for these patients . hundred and sixty patients with persistent shoulder pain and limitation resulting from glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis , rotator cuff tear , and/or adhesive capsulitis who had had a failure of conventional therapy were enrolled in this double-blind , randomized , phosphate-buffered saline solution-controlled study , and 456 patients completed twenty-six weeks of follow-up . were randomized to receive either five weekly intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate , three weekly intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate followed by two weekly intra-articular injections of saline solution , or five weekly intra-articular injections of saline solution . main outcomes were improvement in terms of shoulder pain on movement at thirteen weeks after the initiation of treatment ( as assessed with use of a 100-mm visual analog scale ) and the treatment effect throughout twenty-six weeks . the overall intent-to-treat population , patients who were managed with sodium hyaluronate had greater pain relief than controls did ; significant differences were noted at Week 7 ( for the five-injection hyaluronate group ) , Week 17 ( for the three and five-injection hyaluronate groups ) , and Week 26 ( for the three-injection hyaluronate group ) . of the stratified populations clearly established that this effect was due to benefits experienced by the patients with osteoarthritis . treatment effect through twenty-six weeks was significant in patients with osteoarthritis in the three-injection ( p = 0.003 ) and five-injection ( p = 0.002 ) groups , with no significant difference for either regimen in patients without osteoarthritis . safety profile was very favorable , with no product-related serious adverse effects and no between-group differences for any reported adverse event . the primary end point of this study ( that is , improvement in terms of shoulder pain at thirteen weeks ) was not achieved , the overall findings , including secondary end points , indicate that sodium hyaluronate ( 500 to 730 kDa ) is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of osteoarthritis and persistent shoulder pain that is refractory to other standard nonoperative interventions ."
2803,Abstract #2803,"examine the dose-related pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a single preprandial oral dose of repaglinide in patients with type 2 diabetes . total of 16 Caucasian men with type 2 diabetes participated in two placebo-controlled double-blind randomized cross-over studies . were randomized to receive a single oral dose of repaglinide ( 0.5 , 1.0 , and 2.0 mg in study 1 and 4.0 mg in study 2 ) or placebo ( both studies ) administered 15 min before the first of two sequential identical standard meals ( breakfast and lunch ) that were 4 h apart . each of the study days , which were 1 week apart , blood samples were taken at frequent intervals over a period of approximately 8 h for measurement of plasma glucose , insulin , C-peptide , and repaglinide concentrations . the first meal period ( 0-240 min ) , administration of repaglinide reduced significantly the area under the curve ( AUC ) for glucose concentration and significantly increased the AUC for insulin levels , C-peptide levels , and the insulin secretion rate . results , compared with those of administering placebo , were dose dependent and log linear . effect of repaglinide administration on insulin secretion was most pronounced in the early prandial period . 30 min , it caused a relative increase in insulin secretion of up to 150 % . the second meal period ( 240-480 min ) , there was no difference between repaglinide and placebo administration in the AUC for glucose concentration , C-peptide concentration , and the estimated insulin secretion rate . single dose of repaglinide ( 0.5-4 .0 mg ) before breakfast improves insulin secretion and reduces prandial hyperglycemia dose-dependently Administration of repaglinide had no effect on insulin secretion with the second meal , which was consumed 4 h after breakfast ."
2804,Abstract #2804,"study is an integrated efficacy analysis of the five clinical trials of tositumomab and iodine-131 tositumomab in patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade , follicular , or transformed low-grade non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma ( NHL ) that resulted in the regulatory approval of the iodine-131 tositumomab by the US Food and Drug Administration . integrated analysis included 250 patients . received a single course of iodine-131 tositumomab . were assessed by an independent panel of radiologists and oncologists . rates in the five trials ranged from 47 % to 68 % ; complete response rates ranged from 20 % to 38 % . a median follow-up of 5.3 years , the 5-year progression-free survival was 17 % . ( 32 % ) of 250 patients had a time to progression of > or = 1 year ( termed durable response population ) . the durable response population , 44 % had not progressed at > or = 2.5 to > or = 9.5 years and had a median duration of response of 45.8 months . median duration of complete response was not reached . durable response population had many poor prognostic characteristics , including bone marrow involvement ( 41 % ) , bulky disease > or = 5 cm ( 49 % ) , and transformed histology ( 23 % ) . percent of the patients had been treated with more than four prior therapies and 36 % had not responded to their most recent therapy . tositumomab and iodine-131 tositumomab therapeutic regimen produces high response rates in patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade , follicular , and transformed low-grade NHL , with a sizable subgroup of patients achieving long-term durable responses ."
2805,Abstract #2805,"is a recombinant fusion protein that binds and neutralizes B lymphocyte stimulator and a proliferation-inducing ligand . purpose of this study was to investigate the tolerability , pharmacokinetics , and pharmacodynamics of atacicept treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) and to collect exploratory data on clinical outcomes . this multicenter , phase Ib , randomized , placebo-controlled , dose-escalating trial , 73 patients were enrolled into 6 escalating-dose cohorts . received atacicept or placebo as single doses ( 70 , 210 , or 630 mg ) or as repeated doses given at 2-week intervals ( 3 doses of 70 mg , 3 doses of 210 mg , or 7 doses of 420 mg ) , followed by 10 weeks of trial assessments , with a followup assessment at 3 months after the final dose . was well tolerated , with few differences between treatment groups and no obvious safety concerns . pharmacokinetics profile was nonlinear , but was consistent and predictable across all doses and regimens . decreases in immunoglobulin ( particularly IgM ) and rheumatoid factor levels were evident , and a clear decrease in anti-citrullinated protein antibodies was observed in the cohort that received 7 doses of 420 mg . B cell response was biphasic , with an initial transient increase ( dominated by memory B cells ) followed by a dose-related decrease ( dominated by mature B cells ) . assessments showed trends toward improvement with the 3-month treatment . effect on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein levels was seen . was well tolerated both systemically and locally . results demonstrated that the biologic activity of atacicept was consistent with its mechanism of action ."
2806,Abstract #2806,"and percutaneous laser revascularization ( TMR , PTMR ) may reduce angina and increase exercise tolerance in otherwise untreatable angina patients , although the mechanism is unknown and the placebo effect may be significant . other proposed mechanism is cardiac denervation leading to silent ischemia . obtained during symptom-limited exercise ( ETT , modified Bruce protocol ) at baseline and 12 months were analyzed ( blinded core laboratory ) from 182 patients randomized to TMR ( n = 92 ) or medical therapy alone ( MED ( TMR ) , n = 90 ) and 219 patients randomized to PTMR ( n = 109 ) or medical therapy alone ( MED ( PTMR ) , n = 110 ) . duration increased 1 year after TMR or PTMR relative to medically treated patients ( 6.8 + / - 3.4 min vs 8.6 + / - 3.5 min for TMR ; 7.3 + / - 3.1 min vs 9.1 + / - 3.6 min for PTMR , P < .05 ) . baseline , 20 % of TMR and MED ( TMR ) subjects had ST depression > 1.0 mm , > 80 % had angina during exercise , but only 3 % had ST changes without chest pain ( silent ischemia ) . did not change after TMR . the PTMR group , more subjects exercised to > 1.0 mm ST depression ( from 17 % to 34 % , P < .05 ) , with no change in MED ( PTMR ) , but the proportion with silent ischemia did not change in either group . tolerance improved after TMR and after PTMR . to PTMR , TMR more effectively suppressed pain during exercise and ischemic ST depression . , neither TMR nor PTMR induced significant silent ischemia . results suggest that denervation may not be a significant factor contributing to angina relief after these procedures . contribution of the placebo effect was not determined by these results ."
2807,Abstract #2807,"retrospective or observational series suggest that many patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD ) will be treated with antiarrhythmic drugs ( AADs ) to modify the frequency or manifestation of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias . relative clinical benefit , however , is uncertain , and deleterious interactions can occur . objective of this clinical investigation was to study the need for , and effects of , concomitant AAD use with the ICD in a prospectively defined cohort . patients randomly assigned to the ICD arm of the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators ( AVID ) study were followed for the addition of class I or III AADs ( `` crossover '' ) after hospital discharge . of AADs was strictly regulated by AVID protocol . timing and reasons for crossover and the effects on ventricular arrhythmia recurrence were analyzed . were excluded if they required AADs before hospital discharge after index arrhythmias or if they had no ventricular arrhythmia before initiation of AADs . a median follow-up of 135 days , 81 ( 18 % ) of the 461 eligible patients required AADs and formed the crossover group . primary reason for crossover was frequent ICD shocks in 64 % of patients . most common AAD selected was amiodarone ( in 42 % ) . predictors of crossover were lower ejection fraction , absence of ventricular fibrillation , or presence of nonsyncopal ventricular tachycardia at presentation , prior unexplained syncope , female sex , and history of cigarette smoking . AAD use , the 1-year arrhythmia event rate was 90 % ; after AAD , the event rate was only 64 % ( P = .0001 ) . time to first event was extended from 3.9 + / - 0.7 months to 11.2 + / - 1.8 months . were 1.4 + / - 3.7 fewer ICD therapy events ( P = .005 ) after crossover , predominantly accounted for by reduction in shocks rather than antitachycardia pacing therapies . majority of patients who receive ICDs for sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation can be treated without AADs . commonly , AADs are added to combat frequent ICD shocks , which are successfully reduced by AAD therapy ."
2808,Abstract #2808,"intraoperative diagnosis , during orthognathic procedures , of an unfavorable condylar position is highly desirable . simple technique that can reliably identify a malpositioned condyle intraoperatively has obvious advantages . manual positioning of the condyle is easier , but it requires the utmost care and an experienced operator . tone is described as maintaining contact across the temporomandibular joint . anesthetized and curarized patient has a condylar position posterior to that in the same patient when he is awake , with the same seating force applied . general anesthesia , the condyle may be inferior and might not feel stable until it moves posteriorly and has adequate compression of the retrodiscal tissues on the posterior wall . of the occlusion as a result of changes in the condylar position may occur immediately after the removal of the temporary intermaxillary fixation ( IMF ) . surgeon needs to understand the mechanism of condylar sag and the specific patterns of malocclusion that it may produce . will enable him to make a diagnosis and to implement the appropriate corrective measures , providing the opportunity for immediate correction of condylar position , thereby obviating the need for a second operation or orthodontic compromise . study group ( group A , 76 patients ) and a control group ( group B , 73 patients ) were randomly formed from the dysgnathic patients scheduled for bimaxillary orthognathic surgery ( Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy ) . free mandibular proximal segment was gently and manually positioned in the glenoid fossa . the mandibles were fixed with bicortical screws . group A , immediately after the fixation , IMFs were removed and the occlusions were checked with light digital pressure on the chin , then the patients were rapidly awakened ( maintaining the intubation ) in a state of conscious analgo-sedation and asked to open and close , and to laterally move the mandible . clinical examination of the passive and active movements of the mandible was suitable , the anesthesia was reinforced and the operation was concluded . 11 of the 76 patients of group A , malocclusion was noted , after the rigid fixation , with the method of digital pressure on the chin ; the intraoperative awakening of the patients confirmed the clinical appearance and it provided further clinical signs to identify the offending condyle and to favor appropriate corrections . 8 of the group A patients , malocclusions were not noted with manipulation of the mandible , but they were pointed out during the intraoperative awakening , and then they were appropriately corrected . 2 of the group B patients , malocclusion was noted , after the rigid fixation , with the method of digital pressure on the chin , and it was immediately corrected . 7 of the group B patients , malocclusion was not noted during the operation with the method of digital pressure on the chin , but it was noted at the end of the surgical procedure ( 12-24 hours after ) . tone , muscular activity , and proprioception appear to have important roles in the clinical evidence of a postoperative malocclusion during the intraoperative awakening ; they can reliably implement the accuracy of the diagnosis of condylar sag , and they can favor its correction ."
2809,Abstract #2809,"in blood rheology have been described in diabetes mellitus . , a vasoactive substance with hemorheological properties , has been widely used in the treatment of intermittent claudication . aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of buflomedil on clinical and hemorheological parameters in subjects with type 2 diabetes and intermittent claudication . patients were randomly assigned to oral buflomedil or matching placebo for six months in a double-blind manner . and absolute walking distances were assessed by a standard treadmill testing protocol . deformability was estimated with a whole blood filtration technique . - and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was assessed with an aggregation profiler . and platelet factor-4 were measured with radioimmunoassays . tests were performed at baseline and after three and six months of treatment . significant increase in the mean initial ( 71 % ) and absolute ( 68 % ) walking distance was achieved only in the buflomedil group . - and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was significantly reduced in the buflomedil group , while no significant changes in erythrocyte deformability , beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor-4 levels were noticed . , beta-thromboglobulin levels increased significantly in the placebo group . findings suggest the therapeutic efficacy of buflomedil in diabetic subjects with intermittent claudication . inhibition of platelet aggregation and the influence on platelet activity exerted by the drug could play an important role in its clinical effect and may be of value in the treatment of such patients ."
2810,Abstract #2810,"i.v. fentanyl bolus is associated with coughing in 28-65 % of patients . coughing ( FIC ) is not always benign and can be remarkably troublesome at the most critical moment of induction of anaesthesia when airway reflex is lost . postulated that the huffing manoeuvre , a forced expiration against open glottis , just before i.v. fentanyl , may suppress this undesirable spasmodic cough . hundred patients of ASA I and II , aged 18-60 yr , undergoing elective surgical procedures were randomly allocated into two groups consisting of 150 patients . groups received i.v. fentanyl ( 2.5 microg kg ( -1 ) ) . 1 patients breathed normally whereas Group 2 patients were asked to perform huffing manoeuvre just before the fentanyl injection . incidence of cough was recorded for 1 min before the induction of anaesthesia , and graded as mild ( 1-2 cough ) , moderate ( 3-5 cough ) , and severe ( > 5 cough ) . incidence of FIC was analysed with Fisher 's exact test and severity was analysed with the Mann-Whitney U-test . P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant . incidence of cough was 32 % in the control group and 4 % in the huffing manoeuvre group ( P < 0.00 ) . the control group , 12 % of FIC cases were moderate to severe in nature whereas no patient suffered severe coughing in the huffing manoeuvre group ( P = 0.049 ) . huffing manoeuvre performed just before i.v. fentanyl ( 2.5 microg kg ( -1 ) ) significantly reduces the incidence and severity of FIC in the majority of the patients ."
2811,Abstract #2811,"the general belief that mobility and exercise play an important role in the recovery of functional status , mobility is difficult to implement in patients in intensive care units . compare a mobility platform with standard equipment , assessing efficiency ( decreased time and staff required to prepare patient ) , effectiveness ( increased activity time ) , and safety ( no falls , unplanned tube removals , or emergency situations ) for intensive care patients . observational study was approved by the institutional review board , and informed consent was obtained from the patient or the medical decision maker . care patients were assigned to a room in the usual manner , with platforms in odd-numbered rooms and standard equipment in even-numbered rooms . data collection tools were designed to collect data for 24 hours for each patient . nurses caring for the patients completed the data collection tools in real time during the activity . stages of activity and the physiological states that would preclude mobility were very specifically defined for the research study . were collected for a total of 71 patients and 238 activities . ( although not significant ) descriptive statistics regarding early mobility in the intensive care unit were discovered . unintended result of the research study was a change in the culture and practice regarding early mobility in the intensive care unit . mobility can be implemented in intensive care units . equipment can be used to mobilize such patients safely ; however , for patients who ambulate , a platform may increase efficiency and effectiveness ."
2812,Abstract #2812,"analysis of gender differences in smoking cessation was conducted among 3923 participants in the Special Intervention group of the Lung Health Study . report focuses on gender differences in sustained quit rates at 12 and 36 months . Intervention participants were offered a 12-session , 12-week smoking cessation program using nicotine gum and were followed for 3 years . smoking status was validated with carbon monoxide and salivary cotinine . had higher sustained quit rates at 12 and 36 months ; gender differences were found in baseline variables that also predicted sustained abstinence ; and controlling for selected baseline variables reduced the association between gender and sustained abstinence . other variables were controlled , gender predicted sustained abstinence at 36 months ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 1.24 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 1.04 , 1.48 ) but not 12 months ( OR = 1.08 , 95 % CI = 0.92 , 1.27 ) , reflecting more late relapse among women . and smoking history were more important than gender per se in sustained smoking cessation in the Lung Health Study . tailoring smoking cessation by gender need to include coping skills for problems associated with less education and social support and for improving persistence with quit attempts ."
2813,Abstract #2813,"determine the efficacy of preoperative eye disinfection by comparing antibiotic and antiseptic eye drops . , randomized double-masked comparative study with three study arms : untreated , antibiotic treated and antiseptic treated . that were scheduled for vitrectomy were asked to use an antibiotic or antiseptic eye drop 4 times a day , 5 days before the surgery . smear was cultured at the onset of the surgery . results for each study arm were compared . results were found in the patients treated with an antibiotic or antiseptic eye drop . an antiseptic eye drop will cause less bacterial resistance than an antibiotic eye drop , and both treatments have a similar antibacterial effect , this study indicates that prophylactic antiseptic eye drops may be preferred over antibiotic treatment , when prophylaxis is needed ."
2814,Abstract #2814,"assess the efficacy of topical Tripterygium wilfordii ( TW ) , a Chinese herbal therapy , in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . 6 week randomized double blind placebo controlled study of 61 patients with RA meeting American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) criteria was conducted in China . primary outcome was a modified ACR-20 response rate , analyzed by logistic regression analysis . modified ACR-20 response rate differed significantly ( topical TW 58 % vs placebo 20 % ; p = 0.002 ) . was an 8.1-fold ( 95 % CI 1.9-35 .4 ) increase in the modified ACR-20 response for the TW compared to the placebo group , adjusted for age and erythrocyte sedimentation rate . TW appears efficacious for the treatment of RA , but larger studies are needed ."
2815,Abstract #2815,"guidance reduces the required local anesthetic volume for successful peripheral nerve blockade , but it is unclear whether this impacts postoperative analgesia . prospective , randomized , observer-blinded study tested the hypothesis that a low-volume ultrasound-guided ankle block would provide similar analgesia after foot surgery compared with a conventional-volume surface landmark technique . total of 72 patients presenting for elective foot surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to receive a low-volume ultrasound-guided ankle block ( n = 37 ; ropivacaine 0.5 % adjacent the anterior/posterior tibial arteries and short saphenous vein ; subcutaneous infiltration around the saphenous and superficial peroneal nerves ) or conventional-volume surface landmark guided technique ( n = 35 ; 30 mL of ropivacaine 0.5 % ) . received regular postoperative acetaminophen , diclofenac , and rescue tramadol . was in the recovery room and at 24 hours for pain and tramadol consumption . ( SD ) total local anesthetic volume for the low-volume ultrasound group was 16 ( 2.1 ) mL . success in the recovery room was similar between groups ( low-volume ultrasound 89 % versus conventional-volume landmark 80 % , P = 0.34 ; however , during the first 24 hours , numerically rated ( 0-10 ) `` average pain '' ( median [ 10-90th percentiles ] = 1 [ 0-4 ] versus 0 [ 0-2 ] , P = 0.01 ) , worst pain at rest ( 1 [ 0-6 ] versus 0 [ 0-2 ] , P = 0.03 ) , and the proportion of patients requiring rescue tramadol ( % [ 95 % confidence interval ] : 50 [ 34-46 ] versus 20 [ 10-36 ] , P = 0.01 ) were higher in the low-volume ultrasound group . rated numbness , weakness , satisfaction , and procedural time were similar between groups . ultrasound-guided ankle block is associated with a high block success rate after foot surgery ; however , compared with a conventional volume ( surface landmark ) technique , the reduced local anesthetic volume marginally compromises postoperative analgesia during the first 24 hours ."
2816,Abstract #2816,"satisfactory strategy for reducing high child mortality from malaria has yet been established in tropical Africa . compared the effect on under-5 mortality of teaching mothers to promptly provide antimalarials to their sick children at home , with the present community health worker approach . 37 tabias ( cluster of villages ) in two districts with hyperendemic to holoendemic malaria , tabias reported to have the highest malaria morbidity were selected . census was done which included a maternity history to determine under-5 mortality . ( population 70,506 ) were paired according to under-5 mortality rates . tabia from each pair was allocated by random number to an intervention group and the other was allocated to the control group . the intervention tabias , mother coordinators were trained to teach other local mothers to recognise symptoms of malaria in their children and to promptly give chloroquine . both intervention and control tabias , all births and deaths of under-5s were recorded monthly . January to December 1997 , 190 of 6383 ( 29.8 per 1000 ) children under-5 died in the intervention tabias compared with 366 of 7294 ( 50.2 per 1000 ) in the control tabias . mortality was reduced by 40 % in the intervention localities ( 95 % CI from 29.2-50 .6 ; paired t test , p < 0.003 ) . every third child who died , a structured verbal autopsy was undertaken to ascribe cause of mortality as consistent with malaria or possible malaria , or not consistent with malaria . the 190 verbal autopsies , 13 ( 19 % ) of 70 in the intervention tabias were consistent with possible malaria compared with 68 ( 57 % ) of 120 in the control tabias . major reduction in under-5 mortality can be achieved in holoendemic malaria areas through training local mother coordinators to teach mothers to give under-5 children antimalarial drugs ."
2817,Abstract #2817,"test the effectiveness of offering two kinds of incentives to encourage low-income women 's participation in prenatal and postpartum care . hundred five Medicaid-eligible women enrolled in a prenatal clinic were randomly assigned to receive a $ 5.00 gift certificate ( N = 51 ) or a gift certificate and a chance to win a $ 100 raffle ( N = 53 ) for each prenatal appointment they kept . ( N = 101 ) and the two experimental groups were interviewed postpartum about their satisfaction with prenatal care . in the three groups were compared for the number of prenatal and the postpartum appointments , satisfaction with care , length of gestation , and birth weight . percent missed one to seven prenatal appointments , and 45 % missed the postpartum appointment . were no significant differences among the three groups in any of the outcome variables . missed appointments because of the lack of transportation , poor weather , and illness . incentives does not overcome barriers to receiving prenatal care ."
2818,Abstract #2818,"present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a cyclooxygenase ( COX ) -2 inhibitor , etodolac , on postoperative pain after fast-track cardiac surgery , and to examine the changes in plasma etodolac concentration after oral administration . patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) surgery were randomly assigned preoperatively in a double-blind fashion to receive either vehicle ( n = 15 ) or etodolac 400 mg ( n = 15 ) via a gastric tube at the end of the surgery . fast-track cardiac anesthesia was used . both groups , postoperative pain was treated with buprenorphine suppository . analogue pain scores ( VASs ) were recorded immediately after extubation and at 24 h after surgery . etodolac concentration was measured at 1 , 2 , and 6 h after administration ( n = 8 ) . difference was detected in time to extubation between the etodolac group ( 209 + / - 85 min , mean + / - SD ) and the vehicle group ( 207 + / - 98 min ) . were significantly lower in the etodolac ( 2.3 + / - 2.1 ) vs the vehicle group ( 5.8 + / - 2.0 ) immediately after extubation ( P = 0.009 ) , but no difference was detected in pain scores at 24 h after surgery , or in the amount of buprenorphine administered in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) , or in the incidence of side effects . etodolac concentration was within the pharmaceutically recommended range at 1 h , 2 h , and 6 h after administration . oral use of etodolac with rectal buprenorphine reduces pain scores immediately after cardiac surgery without an increase in side effects ."
2819,Abstract #2819,"during labor may reduce patients ' discomfort and improve outcomes . conducted a randomized trial of walking during active labor to determine whether it altered the duration of labor or other maternal or fetal outcomes . with uncomplicated pregnancies between 36 and 41 weeks ' gestation and in active labor were randomly assigned either to walking or to no walking ( usual care ) . were used to quantify walking , and the time spent walking was recorded . the 536 women assigned to the walking group , 380 actually walked . mean ( + / - SD ) walking time was 56 + / -46 minutes . were no significant differences between the women assigned to the walking group and the 531 women assigned to the usual-care group in the duration of the first stage of labor ( 6.1 hours in both groups , P = 0.83 ) , the need for labor augmentation with oxytocin ( 23 percent vs. 26 percent , P = 0.25 ) , and the use of analgesia ( 84 percent vs. 86 percent , P = 0.59 ) . , the percentages of women requiring delivery by forceps ( 4 percent vs. 3 percent , P = 0.35 ) and cesarean section ( 4 percent vs. 6 percent , P = 0.25 ) were not significantly different . labor and delivery outcomes were unrelated to walking in both nulliparous and parous women . infants ' outcomes were also similar in the two study groups . neither enhanced nor impaired active labor and was not harmful to the mothers or their infants ."
2820,Abstract #2820,"compare the new hydroxyethyl starch HES 130/0 .4 ( Voluven ) and the standard HES 200/0 .5 ( pentastarch ) regarding effectiveness for plasma volume substitution and safety of large volumes in heart surgery . patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in a prospective , randomised , double-blind , parallel-group , multicentre , clinical , phase III study . starch was used as the exclusive artificial colloid for acute normovolemic hemodilution , priming of the heart lung machine , and for intra - and postoperative plasma volume substitution from induction of anesthesia until 16 hr after the end of surgery . was evaluated by comparing the amount of colloid infused , hemodynamics , and colloid osmotic pressure ( COP ) . endpoints were blood loss , the use of allogeneic blood products , coagulation variables , and adverse events . , as assessed by the total amount of infused HES volumes within the treatment period , was similar between HES 130/0 .4 and HES 200/0 .5 ( 2,550 mL + / - 561 mL vs 2,466 mL + / - 516 mL ) . , no differences were found for the use of other colloids ( pasteurised plasma ) , hemodynamics , and COP In HES 130/0 .4 patients , the postoperative increase of von-Willebrand factor ( vWF ) was higher ( P < 0.01 ) , blood loss was lower , and less packed red blood cells were transfused . starch 130/0 .4 is an effective plasma volume expander in heart surgery and may be used as the sole artificial colloid to cover the perioperative period . found a reduced influence of HES 130/0 .4 on the physiologic postoperative increase of vWF ."
2821,Abstract #2821,"to assess the effect of interventions to improve the processes of shared decision making and self-management directed at health care professionals is limited . the protocol of Intervention Mapping , a Web-based intervention directed at health care professionals was developed to complement and optimize health services in patient-centered care . objective of the Web-based intervention was to increase health care professionals ' intention and encouraging behavior toward patient self-management , following cardiovascular risk management guidelines . randomized controlled trial was used to assess the effect of a theory-based intervention , using a pre-test and post-test design . intervention website consisted of a module to help improve professionals ' behavior , a module to increase patients ' intention and risk-reduction behavior toward cardiovascular risk , and a parallel module with a support system for the health care professionals . care professionals ( n = 69 ) were recruited online and randomly allocated to the intervention group ( n = 26 ) or ( waiting list ) control group ( n = 43 ) , and invited their patients to participate . outcome was improved professional behavior toward health education , and was self-assessed through questionnaires based on the Theory of Planned Behavior . determinants , intention and behavior were measured pre-intervention and at 1-year follow-up . module to improve professionals ' behavior was used by 45 % ( 19/42 ) of the health care professionals in the intervention group . module to support the health professional in encouraging behavior toward patients was used by 48 % ( 20/42 ) . module to improve patients ' risk-reduction behavior was provided to 44 % ( 24/54 ) of patients . 1 of every 5 patients , the guideline for cardiovascular risk management was used . Web-based intervention was poorly used . the intervention group , no differences in social-cognitive determinants , intention and behavior were found for health care professionals , compared with the control group . narrowed the intervention group and no significant differences were found in intention and behavior , except for barriers . showed a significant overall difference in barriers between the intervention and the control group ( F1 = 4.128 , P = .02 ) . intervention was used by less than half of the participants and did not improve health care professionals ' and patients ' cardiovascular risk-reduction behavior . website was not used intensively because of time and organizational constraints . in the intervention group experienced higher levels of barriers to encouraging patients , than professionals in the control group . improvements were detected in the processes of shared decision making and patient self-management . participant education level was relatively high and the intervention was pre-tested , it is possible that the way the information was presented could be the reason for low participation and high dropout . research embedded in professionals ' regular consultations with patients is required with specific emphasis on the processes of dissemination and implementation of innovations in patient-centered care . Trial Register Number ( NTR ) : NTR2584 ; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=2584 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6STirC66r ) ."
2822,Abstract #2822,"bone augmentation ( SBA ) has been proposed to augment the width of edentulous ridges for implant placement . study aimed to investigate the effect of a membrane on SBA for the regeneration of buccal implant dehiscence defects . healthy patients , each with a single defect , were randomly assigned into two groups . groups received an inner and outer layer of mineralized human cancellous and cortical particulate allograft . the test group , a bovine pericardium membrane covered the bone grafts , while no membrane was placed in the control group . beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) scans were taken before and immediately after implant placement and at 6months post-surgery . implants placed were successfully osseointegrated at 6months . re-entry measurements showed significant buccal bone gain in the test group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . test group had 1.12 , 2.21 and 2.44 mm more buccal bone thickness at 2 , 4 and 6mm below the bone crest . were no significant differences in the mid-buccal vertical bone height , defect height and width reductions and bone fill between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . beam computed tomography analysis demonstrated significant buccal bone gain of 1.22 mm in the test group . vertical bone loss at 1-year post-surgery showed no significant differences between the groups . bone augmentation is a predictable technique for regenerating buccal bone on implant dehiscence defects . of a barrier membrane prevented significant horizontal buccal bone resorption as space was maintained more effectively when compared with sites treated without a membrane ."
2823,Abstract #2823,"prove that low-dose hCG alone can be clinically used to replace FSH-containing gonadotropins to complete controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( COH ) . , prospective , randomized study . center . patients who are candidates for assisted reproduction . received [ 1 ] recombinant FSH or hMG throughout COH ( group A ) ; [ 2 ] ovarian priming with recombinant FSH/hMG followed by low-dose hCG ( 200 IU/day ) alone ( group B ) . consumption ; daily serum and follicular fluid ( FF ) measurements of LH , FSH , hCG , E2 , P , T , and androstenedione ( A ) ; number and size of follicles ; intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI ) outcome . group B : [ 1 ] duration and dose of recombinant FSH/hMG administration were reduced ; [ 2 ] preovulatory serum hCG , E2 , and T were higher , whereas FSH was lower ; [ 3 ] FF hCG , E2 , T levels , and E2/T , E2/A , and E2/P ratios were higher , whereas A was lower ; [ 4 ] small but not large preovulatory follicles were reduced ; [ 5 ] fertilization rates were higher ; and [ 6 ] serum and FF P levels , and ICSI outcome did not differ . hCG alone in the late COH stages : [ 1 ] reduced recombinant FSH/hMG consumption whereas ICSI outcome was comparable to traditional COH regimens ; [ 2 ] stimulated follicle growth and maturation independent of FSH administration ; [ 3 ] was associated with a reduced number of small preovulatory follicles ; [ 4 ] did not cause premature luteinization ; [ 5 ] resulted in a more estrogenic intrafollicular environment ."
2824,Abstract #2824,"study efficacy and safety of a new dose and dosage form of proxodolol -- a beta-adrenoblocker with alpha1-adrenoblocking activity -- in patients with moderate arterial hypertension ( AH ) . total of 60 patients with verified diagnosis of essential AH of the second degree were randomized into two groups : group 1 ( n = 40 ) received proxodolol , group 2 ( n = 20 ) was given carvedilol . trial lasted for 89 days . trial demonstrates that proxodolol is highly effective and safe in the treatment of AH . is effective and safe in hypertension , in a dose 120 mg its activity is the same as carvedilol in a dose 25 mg ."
2825,Abstract #2825,"guanfacine ( GXR ) is approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years . post-hoc analysis further examines the effects of GXR on hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattentiveness . from two large double-blind placebo-controlled pivotal trials of GXR in the treatment of ADHD were analyzed . the pooled population to provide sufficient sample size and associated statistical power , the impact of GXR treatment on core ADHD symptoms was examined by comparing ADHD Rating Scale IV ( ADHD-RS-IV ) total scores in the overall GXR and placebo groups in subjects with each of the three ADHD subtypes . Hyperactivity-Impulsivity and Inattentiveness subscale scores in the overall study population by randomized dose group ( vs. placebo ) were also examined . full analysis set included 631 subjects aged 6-17 years ( GXR : n = 490 ; placebo : n = 141 ) . subjects with the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD , differences in least squares ( LS ) mean reductions from baseline in ADHD-RS-IV total scores were significantly greater in GXR-treated subjects ( n = 127 ) than in placebo-treated subjects ( n = 38 ) at treatment weeks 3 through 5 and end point ( p0 .020 ) . subjects with combined type ADHD , differences in LS mean ADHD-RS-IV total score reductions from baseline were significantly greater in the GXR group ( n = 354 ) than in the placebo group ( n = 100 ) at treatment weeks 1 through 5 and end point ( p0 .011 ) . dearth of predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type subjects ( n = 12 ) precluded analysis of this subgroup . randomized GXR dose group in each trial demonstrated significantly greater reductions from baseline in ADHD-RS-IV Hyperactivity-Impulsivity and Inattentiveness subscale scores than did the respective placebo group at end point ( p0 .05 for all ) . results support the use of GXR in the treatment of core ADHD symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 4th ed. , Text Revision , including hyperactivity , impulsivity , and inattention ."
2826,Abstract #2826,"purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hyperventilation on patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries on haemodynamics , partial pressure of carbon dioxide and acid base status . patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under General Anaesthesia were randomized into two groups , `` control group '' ventilated with tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and respiratory rate of 12/minute and `` study group '' same tidal volume with respiratory rate of 15 / minute . variables ( heart rate and mean arterial pressure ) recorded and End tidal C02 , PaC02 , pH and Bicarbonate estimation done before , during and after C02 pneumoperitoneum and analyzed . was no significant difference in hemodynamic variables but there was linear increase in ETC02 and PaC02 measurements in higher normal levels in control group ( ETC02 33.3 + / -3.20 , 37.93 + / -3.95 and 43.20 + / -3.40 ; PaC02 30.08 + / -2.35 , 34.80 + / -4.01 and 41.94 + / -3.66 mmHg before , during , and after pneumoperitoneum respectively ) compared to study group in which these parameters were in lower normal levels ( ETC02 33.33 + / -4.11 , 28.00 + / -4.10 and 36.73 + / -2.49 mmHg and PaC02 31.80 + / -2.73 , 29.36 + / -3.16 and 35.15 + / -1.32 mmHg before , during , and after pneumoperitoneum respectively ) . was highly significant difference in these parameters when intergroup comparison was done during and after pneumoperitoneum period . and bicarbonate levels were within normal limits but there was decreasing tendency towards acidosis side in control group . % increment in Minute Volume is beneficial during C02 pneumoperitoneum to prevent adverse effects of hypercarbia and acidosis ."
2827,Abstract #2827,"compare the effectiveness of three different doses of lignocaine used in paracervical block ( PCB ) during transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval ( TUGOR ) METHODS : In this double-blind study , 153 patients undergoing TUGOR in their first in vitro fertilization cycle were randomized to receive 50 , 100 , and 150 mg of lignocaine in PCB . levels were measured by a 100-mm linear visual analogue scale ( 0 = none to 100 = intolerable ) . differences were seen in the demographic data , the ovarian responses , the duration of TUGOR , and the number of follicles punctured . and abdominal pain levels during TUGOR and 4 h after TUGOR were not significantly different among the three groups The median vaginal and abdominal pain levels during the retrieval were 22.0-24 .0 and 30.0-32 .0 respectively . use of 50 mg of lignocaine is recommended in PCB because of the lack of improvement in pain relief on higher doses and potential dose-related risks ."
2828,Abstract #2828,"prevention by risk factor modification improves patient outcomes , yet it is often not achieved in clinical practice . for failure stem from challenges of prioritizing risk factor reduction and engaging patients in changing their behaviors . hypothesize that a novel telemedicine intervention with tailored patient education could improve cardiovascular risk factors . evaluate this intervention , we propose enrolling 450 patients with a recent myocardial infarction and hypertension into a 3-arm randomized , controlled trial . first arm ( n = 150 ) will receive home blood pressure ( BP ) monitors plus a nurse-delivered , telephone-based tailored patient education intervention and will be enrolled into HealthVault , a Microsoft electronic health record platform . second arm ( n = 150 ) will also receive BP monitors plus a tailored patient education intervention and be enrolled in HeartVault . , the patient education intervention will be delivered by a Web-based program and will cover topics identical to those in the nurse-delivered intervention . arms will be compared with a control group receiving standard care ( n = 150 ) . participants will have an in-person assessment at baseline and at completion of the study , including standardized measurements of BP , LDL cholesterol , and glycosylated hemoglobin ( in diabetic subjects ) . study design will allow assessment of a telephone-based , nurse-administered disease management program versus standard care . main outcome of interest is the reduction in systolic BP in each intervention group compared with the control group at 12 months . outcomes assessed will include reductions in LDL cholesterol , body weight , and glycosylated hemoglobin , as well as adherence to evidence-based therapies and improvement in health behaviors . successful in optimizing BP control , managing other coronary heart disease risk factors , and demonstrating a lower cost , the Web-based disease management tool has the potential to enhance coronary artery disease management , quality of care , and ultimately , patient outcomes . Trial Registration - URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00901277 ."
2829,Abstract #2829,"is increasing in prevalence as the population ages . earlier rather than later diagnosis allows persons with dementia and their families to plan ahead and access appropriate management . , most diagnoses are made by general practitioners ( GPs ) later in the course of the disease and are associated with management that is poorly adherent to recommended guidelines . trial examines the effectiveness of a peer led dementia educational intervention for GPs . study is a cluster randomised trial , conducted across three states and five sites . GPs will complete an audit of their consenting patients aged 75 years or more at three time points - baseline , 12 and 24 months . allocated to the intervention group will receive two educational sessions from a peer GP or nurse , and will administer the GPCOG to consenting patients at baseline and 12 months . first education session will provide information about dementia and the second will provide individualised feedback on audit results . in the waitlist group will receive the RACGP Guidelines by post following the 12 month audit outcomes are carer and consumer quality of life and depression . outcomes include : rates of GP identification of dementia compared to a more detailed gold standard assessment conducted in the patient 's home ; GP identification of differential diagnoses including reversible causes of cognitive impairment ; and GP referral to specialists , Alzheimers ' Australia and support services . `` case finding '' and a `` screening '' group will be compared and the psychometrics of the GPCOG will be examined . 2,000 subjects aged 75 years and over will be recruited through approximately 160 GPs , to yield approximately 200 subjects with dementia ( reducing to 168 by 24 months ) . trial outlined in this paper has been peer reviewed and supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council . the time of submission of this paper 2,034 subjects have been recruited and the intervention delivered to 114 GPs . and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ( ANZCTR ) : ACTRN12607000117415 ."
2830,Abstract #2830,"conducted a randomized clinical trial to test an integrated behavioral intervention designed to enhance using HIV treatment as prevention by improving medication adherence , reducing risks for other sexually transmitted infections , and minimizing risk compensation beliefs . living with HIV/AIDS ( n = 436 ) participated in a randomized clinical trial testing an intensive behavioral intervention aimed at reducing HIV transmission risks compared with an attention control condition . used unannounced pill counts to monitor antiretroviral therapy adherence and computerized interviews to measure risk behaviors . integrated transmission risk reduction intervention demonstrated increased antiretroviral therapy adherence and less unprotected intercourse with nonseroconcordant partners at 3 - and 6-month follow-ups as well as fewer new sexually transmitted infections diagnosed over the 9-month follow-up period ( adjusted odds ratio = 3.0 ; P < .05 ; 95 % confidence interval = 1.01 , 9.04 ) . integrated intervention also reduced behavioral risk compensation beliefs . theory-based integrated behavioral intervention can improve HIV treatment adherence and reduce HIV transmission risks . treatment as prevention should be bundled with behavioral interventions to maximize effectiveness ."
2831,Abstract #2831,"major depressive disorder ( MDD ) has substantial negative effects on work outcomes , little is known regarding how to promote a return to work ( RTW ) after MDD-related sickness absence . present study aimed to examine predictors across multiple domains for long-term RTW in patients who are sick-listed because of their MDD , and to compare these with predictors for long-term symptom remission . ( n = 117 ) were diagnosed with MDD according to DSM-IV criteria , absent from work for at least 25 % of their contract hours , and referred by occupational physicians to outpatient treatment . full RTW ( working the full number of contract hours for at least 4 weeks ) and long-term symptom remission ( Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score 7 ) were examined during the 18-month follow-up . predictors ( diagnostic , sociodemographic , personality , and work-related ) were assessed at baseline . were collected from December 2007 to March 2011 . logistic regression analyses with backward elimination ( P .05 ) resulted in a final prediction model including depression severity ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 0.92 ; 95 % CI , 0.87-0 .97 ; P = .003 ) , comorbid anxiety ( OR = 0.21 ; 95 % CI , 0.05-0 .84 ; P = .028 ) , work motivation ( OR = 1.87 ; 95 % CI , 1.18-2 .96 ; P = .008 ) , and conscientiousness ( OR = 1.10 ; 95 % CI , 1.02-1 .18 ; P = .012 ) as predictors of long-term RTW . symptom remission was only predicted by depression severity ( OR = 0.93 ; 95 % CI , 0.89-0 .98 ; P = .005 ) . long-term symptom remission is only predicted by diagnostic factors , long-term RTW is also predicted by personal and work-related factors . findings provide suggestions for the development of new interventions to improve both symptom remission and long-term RTW in sick-listed patients with MDD ."
2832,Abstract #2832,"Affordable Care Act mandates that new insurance plans cover smoking-cessation therapy without cost-sharing . cost difference estimates , which show a spike around the time of cessation , suggest premiums might rise as a result of covering these services . goal of the study was to test ( 1 ) whether individuals in an RCT of pharmacotherapy and counseling for smoking cessation differed in their healthcare costs around the cessation period , and ( 2 ) whether the healthcare costs of those in the trial who successfully quit were different from a matched sample of smokers in the community . linear regression models were used to analyze healthcare cost data on individuals enrolled in a comparative effectiveness trial of cessation therapies between October 2005 and May 2007 ( 1346 total participants ; 1338 with requisite data for further analysis ) . differences for the period preceding and subsequent to the cessation attempt were assessed by trial participants ' 12-month sustained quit status . cost differences between sustained quitters and a sample of community-dwelling smokers , matched to these quitters on the basis of health services use around the time trial participant enrolled and by demographics , were also examined . were analyzed in 2011 . three groups had a spike in cost associated with the index clinic visit . results revealed little difference in healthcare costs by quit status for trial participants until the sixth quarter post-quit . that quarter , continuous sustained quitters cost $ 541 ( p < 0.001 ) less than continuing smokers . sustained quitters cost less than their matched community - dwelling smokers in almost every quarter observed . cost difference ranged from $ 270 ( p = 0.01 ) during the quarter of quit , to $ 490 ( p < 0.01 ) in the 6th quarter after quitting . inclusion of smoking-cessation therapy does not appear to raise short-term healthcare costs . the sixth quarter post-quit , sustained quitters were less costly than trial participants who continued smoking ."
2833,Abstract #2833,"receiving levodopa for Parkinson 's disease experience motor fluctuations and immobility ( ` off ' episodes ) between doses . study assessed adjunctive Zelapar ( selegiline orally disintegrating tablet ( ODT ) ) for managing off episodes and for long-term safety . open-label extension evaluated long-term safety , efficacy , and tolerability of adjunctive selegiline ODT 2.5 mg in patients who completed either of two large phase 3 double-blind studies . study was to end after 12 months but was amended to be open-ended . could increase levodopa doses and introduce controlled-release formulations of levodopa or dopamine agonists if warranted . , results of a small randomized trial of open-label selegiline ODT 1.25 mg in comparison to conventional selegiline was added only to the safety analysis . variables included changes in daily off time and Patient 's Global Impression of Improvement ( PGI-I ) and Clinical Global Impressions Severity of Disease ( CGI-S ) ratings . assessments included adverse events and oropharyngeal findings . study enrolled 254 patients : 248 from the large phase 3 studies ( efficacy analysis ) and an additional six from the prior open-label comparison ( safety analysis ) in order to evaluate a larger population for safety purposes . reduction from baseline in daily off time was 9.4 % ( 1.6 h ) for patients previously given selegiline ODT , 6.0 % ( 1.2 h ) for those switched from placebo , and 8.1 % ( 1.4 h ) overall . and CGI-S ratings indicated little or no change from baseline . adverse events occurred in 132 ( 52 % ) patients . severe oral irritations were attributed to selegiline ODT or prompted discontinuation . selegiline ODT 2.5 mg/day was effective , safe , and well tolerated in patients with Parkinson 's disease experiencing off episodes during levodopa therapy ."
2834,Abstract #2834,"is often the sole criterion for determining the need for preoperative electrocardiograms . , screening electrocardiograms have not been shown to add value above clinical information . study was designed to determine whether it is possible to target electrocardiograms ordering to patients most likely to have an abnormality that would affect management and if age alone is predictive of significant electrocardiograms abnormalities . list was developed of electrocardiograms abnormalities considered significant enough to impact management , as well as a list of patient factors believed to increase cardiovascular risk . in all patients over 50 yr of age presenting for preoperative evaluation during a 2-month period were reviewed . total of 1,149 electrocardiograms were reviewed , with 89 patients ( 7.8 % ) having at least one significant abnormality . patients were compared with a group of 195 patients who had electrocardiograms that did not contain significant abnormalities . at higher risk of having a significantly abnormal electrocardiograms that would potentially affect management were those older than 65 yr of age or who had a history of heart failure , high cholesterol , angina , myocardial infarction , or severe valvular disease . patients ( 0.44 % ) had an abnormal electrocardiograms in the absence of risk factors . sensitivity of the model is 87.6 % . greater than 65 yr remains an independent predictor for significant preoperative electrocardiograms abnormalities . specific clinical risk factors that were found have a high sensitivity and identified all but 0.44 % of patients with electrocardiograms abnormalities that may affect preoperative management ."
2835,Abstract #2835,"investigate the efficacy of intracoronary tirofiban during primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) for patients with acute coronary syndrome ( ACS ) . 118 patients aged 70 years and above ( average age 75 + / -2 ) were divided into study ( n = 58 , intracoronary bolus tirofiban ) and control ( n = 57 , intravenous tirofiban ) groups . culprit vessels were targeted with primary PCI in all patients . with the control group , the study group showed better Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) flow grades and TIMI myocardial perfusion grades ( TMPG ) immediately after PCI ( p = 0.016 and 0.026 , respectively ) . 14-day composite major adverse cardiac events rate was lower in the study group ( 3.5 % vs 17.5 % , p = 0.030 ) , but was similar between the 2 groups at 30 days following PCI ( 7.0 % vs 1.7 % , p = 0.350 ) . left ventricular ejection fraction in the study group was higher than in the control group 30 days following PCI ( 67.4 + / -6.2 % vs 60.7 + / -4.6 % , p = 0.033 ) . 14-day bleeding complication ( p = 0.201 ) and platelet reduction rates ( p = 0.984 ) were similar between the 2 groups . patients with ACS undergoing primary PCI , intracoronary bolus administration of tirofiban is superior to intravenous bolus injection for improving coronary flow , myocardial perfusion and short-term clinical outcomes ."
2836,Abstract #2836,"purpose of this study was to evaluate a brief smoking cessation intervention for women 15 to 35 years of age attending Planned Parenthood clinics . smokers ( n = 1154 ) were randomly assigned either to advice only or to a brief intervention that involved a 9-minute video , 12 to 15 minutes of behavioral counseling , clinician advice to quit , and follow-up telephone calls . percent of those eligible participated . revealed a clear , short-term intervention effect at the 6-week follow-up ( 7-day self-reported abstinence : 10.2 % vs 6.9 % for advice only , P < .05 ) and a more ambiguous effect at 6 months ( 30-day biochemically validated abstinence : 6.4 % vs 3.8 % , NS ) . brief , clinic-based intervention appears to be effective in reaching and enhancing cessation among female smokers , a traditionally underserved population ."
2837,Abstract #2837,"the management of non-purulent acute sinusitis , alpha adrenergic substances are administered topically and secretolytics systemically . therapy should be restricted to purulent forms . study was designed to demonstrate the importance of the maintenance of permanent ventilation and drainage of the sinuses as a therapeutic concept . a multicentric trial the efficacy and safety of myrtol standardized and another essential oil were investigated in 331 patients with acute sinusitis in comparison to placebo . hundred thirty patients were evaluated in an intent-to-treat-analysis and 291 patients remained for statistical analysis . study was conducted in 16 centers in a double-blind , double-dummy , randomized design versus placebo . an observation-period of 14 days the patients were treated for 6 + / - 2 days with the respective study medication . respect to efficacy , both myrtol standardized and the other essential oil proved to be significantly superior to placebo . to the tolerance , a slight advantage of myrtol standardized was demonstrated in comparison to the other verum substance . results which do support the value of essential oils like myrtol as an effective treatment in acute , uncomplicated sinusitis instead of antibiotics as first choice , are confirmed by the existing literature ."
2838,Abstract #2838,"authors examined the rate of response to the combination of nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy for acute and continuation treatment of elderly patients with recurrent major depression . subjects were 73 elderly patients , 61 of whom completed treatment . steady-state blood levels were maintained at 80-120 ng/ml , and interpersonal psychotherapy was administered weekly for 9.1 weeks ( medium ) of acute therapy and was decreased from biweekly to triweekly during 16 weeks of continuation therapy . acute treatment nonresponding patients also received brief adjunctive pharmacotherapy with lithium or perphenazine . the 61 subjects given adequate trials of nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy , 48 ( 78.7 % ) achieved full remission ( Hamilton depression rating of 10 or lower over 16 weeks of continuation therapy ) , 10 patients ( 16.4 % ) did not respond ( Hamilton rating never below 15 ) , and three achieved only partial remission ( Hamilton rating of 11-14 ) . versus late onset was not associated with a difference in response rate . the placebo-controlled , double-blind transition to maintenance therapy , 19 ( 76.0 % ) of the 25 patients randomly assigned to placebo maintenance conditions showed continued recovery and six relapsed . of the 24 patients assigned to nortriptyline conditions relapsed . of nortriptyline plus interpersonal psychotherapy for 9.1 weeks ( median ) of acute and 16 weeks of continuation therapy appears to be associated with good response and relatively low attrition but about a 25 % chance of relapse during double-blind discontinuation of nortriptyline . data require confirmation in a controlled clinical trial of acute and continuation therapy ."
2839,Abstract #2839,"who have had a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism have a high risk of recurrence after anticoagulants are discontinued . may be effective in preventing a recurrence of venous thromboembolism . randomly assigned 822 patients who had completed initial anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism to receive aspirin , at a dose of 100 mg daily , or placebo for up to 4 years . primary outcome was a recurrence of venous thromboembolism . a median follow-up period of 37.2 months , venous thromboembolism recurred in 73 of 411 patients assigned to placebo and in 57 of 411 assigned to aspirin ( a rate of 6.5 % per year vs. 4.8 % per year ; hazard ratio with aspirin , 0.74 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.52 to 1.05 ; P = 0.09 ) . reduced the rate of the two prespecified secondary composite outcomes : the rate of venous thromboembolism , myocardial infarction , stroke , or cardiovascular death was reduced by 34 % ( a rate of 8.0 % per year with placebo vs. 5.2 % per year with aspirin ; hazard ratio with aspirin , 0.66 ; 95 % CI , 0.48 to 0.92 ; P = 0.01 ) , and the rate of venous thromboembolism , myocardial infarction , stroke , major bleeding , or death from any cause was reduced by 33 % ( hazard ratio , 0.67 ; 95 % CI , 0.49 to 0.91 ; P = 0.01 ) . was no significant between-group difference in the rates of major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding episodes ( rate of 0.6 % per year with placebo vs. 1.1 % per year with aspirin , P = 0.22 ) or serious adverse events . this study , aspirin , as compared with placebo , did not significantly reduce the rate of recurrence of venous thromboembolism but resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of major vascular events , with improved net clinical benefit . results substantiate earlier evidence of a therapeutic benefit of aspirin when it is given to patients after initial anticoagulant therapy for a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism . Funded by National Health and Medical Research Council [ Australia ] and others ; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number , ACTRN12605000004662 . )"
2840,Abstract #2840,"evaluate the effect of issuing a patient reminder plus a confirmation slip on the attendance of orthodontic new patients . of Orthodontics , University Dental Hospital of Manchester . randomised controlled trial . patients were randomly allocated to : receive a reminder letter and return a confirmation slip ornot receive a reminder . attendance at the clinic . total of 232 patients were entered into the study between June 18 , 2001 and August 29 , 2001 . were randomly allocated to 115 ( 49.8 % ) in the reminder group and 116 ( 50.2 % ) in the no reminder group . the patient received a reminder and returned the confirmation they were less likely to fail the appointment than if they did not receive a reminder ( OR 0.4 , 95 % CI 0.2 to 0.96 ) There was an effect of social deprivation , if the patients lived in an area of high social deprivation they were 2.7 ( 95 % CI 1.1 to 6.5 ) times more likely to fail to attend an appointment than people who were more affluent . use of postal reminders for orthodontic consultation appointments appears to result in a useful increase of appointments that are kept or cancelled in advance ."
2841,Abstract #2841,"engagement , cognitive restructuring , and positive future directedness are considered core elements to induce change in emotional disclosure interventions . aim was to examine the induction of these elements and the feasibility of an emotional disclosure intervention adapted for home application . intervention emphasized expression of negative and positive emotions ( session 1-4 ) , search for meaning ( session 3 ) , and a positive future-oriented ending ( session 4 ) . randomized clinical trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared the adapted intervention ( n = 40 ) with a time management control condition ( n = 28 ) . was evaluated regarding adherence , compliance with instructions , perceived viability , and clinical safety . of core elements was evaluated by analysis of change in immediate affective responses and by computerized text analysis of word use . criteria were successfully met . disclosure condition produced higher immediate negative affect and use of emotion , insight , and optimism words compared to control , and induced the elements of change within sessions as intended . adapted intervention is feasible for home application and induces change in variables that indicate emotional engagement , cognitive restructuring , and positive future directedness . support of health benefits of this emotional disclosure intervention will extend its applicability in patient self-care ."
2842,Abstract #2842,"duration of therapy represents a fundamental aspect in the compliance to the therapy of child pathologies , such as pharyngotonsillitis , treated with oral therapy . penicillin and amoxicillin are the first choice antibiotics in the case of a child suffering from pharyngotonsillitis with the proven presence of Group A - hemolytic Streptococcus ( GAS ) , the number of orally administered doses and 10 days of therapy , considerably lower the compliance . open phase IV randomized multicenter clinical trial was conducted in parallel groups , involving 49 family pediatrician ( FP ) , distributed over the entire national territory , enrolling 435 children suffering from GAS-FT . children received Cefaclor , 50 mg/kg/day , administered twice daily for five days , whilst 213 children received amoxicillin/clavulanate 40 mg/kg/day administered twice daily for 10 days . results showed percentages of eradication of 88.4 % for the Cefaclor group and 94.3 % for the amoxicillin/clavulanate group , and a positive clinical judgement of 92.3 % for the Cefaclor group and 96.6 % for the amoxicillin/clavulanate group . two arms of the study did not have any significant statistical differences , neither for the eradication , nor for the clinical judgement nor for the reduction of the Milano Score between the beginning and the end of treatment , with a P = 0.042 for amoxicillin/clavulanate for eradication . study confirms that the administration of Cefaclor for five days during GAS-FT has the same efficacy as a 10-day therapy with amoxicillin/clavulanate , with a clearly different compliance ."
2843,Abstract #2843,"conduct a placebo-controlled functional brain imaging study to assess the effect of the 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist , alosetron , on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms , regional brain activation by rectosigmoid distension and associated perceptual and emotional responses . non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome patients ( 28 female ) were enrolled in a randomized , placebo-controlled trial with alosetron ( 1-4 mg b.d. ) . patients completed both brain scans following randomization . stimulation was performed with a computer-controlled barostat . in regional cerebral blood flow were assessed using H215O positron emission tomography . ratings and changes in gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using verbal descriptor scales . , but not placebo , treatment was associated with a decrease in symptom ratings , and reductions in emotional stimulus ratings . to baseline , alosetron treatment was associated with reduced regional cerebral blood flow in bilateral frontotemporal and various limbic structures , including the amygdala . to placebo , decreases in activity of the amygdala , ventral striatum , hypothalamus and infragenual cingulate gyrus were significantly greater after alosetron . non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome patients , 3 weeks of treatment with a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist decreases brain activity in response to unanticipated , anticipated and delivered aversive rectal stimuli in structures of the emotional motor system , and this is associated with a decrease in gastrointestinal symptoms ."
2844,Abstract #2844,"aim of this Italian multicentre study was to evaluate the haemodynamic and antiarrhythmic effects of DDIR versus DDI pacing mode in sick sinus syndrome with chronotropic incompetence . patients were implanted with a dual chamber rate-responsive pacemaker ( Medtronic 7075 ) and centrally randomised to DDI or DDIR pacing mode . six months , the pacing modality was crossed over . included clinical data , rest ECG , echocardiography , Holter monitoring and exercise testing in DDIR . ) Haemodynamic effects . postimplant exercise testing in DDIR mode with preimplant tests , peak heart rate increased from 96 + / - 17 to 115 + / - 17 bpm ( +20 % , p < 0.0001 ) , total work capacity from 7.0 + / - 3.5 to 8.8 + / - 4.3 minutes ( +26 % , p < 0.0001 ) , peak oxygen uptake from 1238 + / - 406 to 1453 + / - 423 ml/min ( +17 % , p < 0.001 ) and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold from 977 + / - 343 to 1222 + / - 415 ml/min ( +25 % , p < 0.001 ) . benefits persisted unchanged during one-year follow-up . ) Antiarrhythmic effects . six months , paroxysmal atrial fibrillation recurrence significantly decreased in the whole population : group I ( DDI ) 20.7 vs 48.3 % , p < 0.02 ; group II ( DDIR ) 21.2 vs 36.4 % , p < 0.05 ; group I + II ( DDI + DDIR ) 21.0 vs 41.9 % , p < 0.001 . one year no significant differences were found between DDI and DDIR . I : DDI 23.8 vs DDIR 28.6 % , ns ; group II : DDI 22.7 vs DDIR 18.2 % , ns . vs DDI significantly improves short - and long-term haemodynamic performance . chamber pacing shows a significant reduction of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation recurrence , regardless of rate responsiveness ."
2845,Abstract #2845,"adults could benefit from public health interventions that address the health conditions they face . , translation of evidence-based interventions into the community has been slow . implemented 2 evidence-based interventions delivered by lay health educators in Arkansas senior centers from 2008 to 2011 : a behavioral weight loss intervention and a memory improvement intervention . objective of this study was to measure the ability of these programs to reach and serve the growing population of older Americans . report on differences in program enrollment by age , sex , race , and ethnicity and suggest how our approach to calculating the reach of the 2 interventions can guide future research and program development . defined the reach of the 2 interventions as the proportion of people who needed the intervention and responded to initial recruitment efforts but who did not enroll compared with the proportion of people who needed the intervention and actually enrolled in the program . calculate these proportions , we used Reach , Efficacy/Effectiveness , Adoption , Implementation , and Maintenance framework formulas . defined need as the prevalence of obesity ( body mass index in kg/m2 30 ) and the level of concern about memory problems among older adults aged 60 years or older . target population was 2,198 people aged 60 years or older who attend 15 senior centers in Arkansas . than half of our target population responded to recruitment efforts for the behavioral weight loss intervention ( 61.9 % ) and for the memory improvement intervention ( 58.1 % ) , yielding an overall response rate of 59.7 % . than one-third ( 35.6 % ) of the target population enrolled in the behavioral weight loss intervention , and 22.8 % enrolled in the memory improvement intervention , for an overall reach for the 2 programs of 27.9 % . reach of 2 evidence-based interventions designed for older adults that targeted specific health conditions and that were delivered in senior centers by community members was high . approach to calculating reach in applied settings can guide future research and program development ."
2846,Abstract #2846,"elucidate sources of variability in the estimate of treatment effects in a successful phase 3 trial in severe sepsis and to assess their implications on the design of future clinical trials . evaluation of prospectively defined subgroups from a large phase 3 , placebo-controlled clinical trial ( PROWESS ) . study involved 164 medical centers . were 1,690 patients with severe sepsis . alfa ( activated ) ( Xigris ) 24 microg/kg/hr for 96 hrs , or placebo . prospectively defined subgroups were examined to identify treatment effects that potentially differed across subgroup strata ( assessed by Breslow-Day p < .10 ) . interactions were identified for subgroups defined by a ) presence vs. absence of a significant protocol violation ( p = .07 ) ; b ) original vs. amended protocol ( p = .08 ) ; and c ) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation ( APACHE ) II quartile at baseline ( p = .09 ) . treatment benefit was observed in patients having a protocol violation , regardless of type . appeared to be less treatment effect in patients enrolled under the original vs. amended protocol . risk ratio exceeded 1.0 for patients in the lowest APACHE II score quartile . highly significant correlation was observed between the sequence of enrollment at a site , the frequency of protocol violations , and the observed treatment effect . enrollment increased , frequency of protocol violations decreased ( p < .0001 ) and the treatment effect improved . correlation between the sequence of enrollment and improvement in treatment effect remained even after removal of patients with protocol violations . of the first block of patients at each site from the analysis reduced the extent of interaction by protocol version and APACHE II score . learning curve appeared to be present within the PROWESS trial such that the ability to demonstrate efficacy improved with increasing site experience . potential learning curve may have implications for design of future trials . sites may need to require a minimum level of protocol-specific experience to appropriately implement a given trial . experience should be an important consideration in designing trials and analysis plans . by coordinating centers , site investigators , study coordinators , and sponsors is necessary to ensure that the protocol is executed as designed such that a treatment benefit , if present , will be evident ."
2847,Abstract #2847,"performance of exercise while immersed in cold water has been shown to influence energy intake in the subsequent meal . , the effect of ambient temperature during land-based exercise is not known . aims were to investigate the effect of exercise performed in the heat on energy intake in the subsequent meal and to determine concentrations of circulating appetite-related hormones . a randomized , counterbalanced design , 11 active male participants completed 3 experimental trials in a fasted state : exercise in the heat ( 36 degrees C ) , exercise in a neutral temperature ( 25 degrees C ) , and a resting control ( 25 degrees C ) . exercise trials consisted of treadmill running for 40 min at 70 % VO ( 2peak ) . each trial , participants were presented with a buffet-type breakfast of precisely known quantity and nutrient composition , which they could consume ad libitum . intake was greater after exercise in the neutral temperature compared with the control ( P = 0.021 ) but was similar between exercise in the heat and the control and between the 2 exercise trials . accounting for the excess energy expended during exercise , relative energy intake during exercise in the heat was lower than the control ( P = 0.002 ) but was similar between exercise in the neutral temperature and the control and between exercise in the heat and in the neutral temperature . lower relative energy intake after exercise in the heat was associated with an elevated tympanic temperature and circulating concentrations of peptide YY ( P < 0.05 ) . in a neutral environmental temperature is associated with higher energy intake in the subsequent meal compared with a control , whereas exercise in the heat is not ."
2848,Abstract #2848,"examine the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of depression in patients with probable Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . double-blind , parallel-design study included a consecutive series of 41 AD subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for major or minor depression who were randomized to receive fluoxetine ( up to 40 mg/day ) or identical-appearing placebo . patients received biweekly evaluations consisting of the Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAM-D ) and the Clinical Global Impression as primary efficacy measures , and the Mini-Mental State Exam , Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety , and the Functional Independence Measure as secondary efficacy measures . remission of depression was found in 47 % of subjects treated with fluoxetine and in 33 % of subjects treated with placebo . the fluoxetine and the placebo groups showed a significant decline in HAM-D scores over time , but the magnitude of mood improvement was similar for both groups . was well tolerated , and most side effects were mild . treatment for depression in AD did not differ significantly from treatment with placebo . study also confirms the presence of a placebo effect in the treatment of depression in AD ."
2849,Abstract #2849,"evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Trulign toric intraocular lens ( IOL ) in adults with cataract . private practices in the United States and 1 in Canada . randomized single-masked multicenter study . toric IOL ( 1.25 D , 2.00 D , or 2.75 D , determined by a toric calculator ) was implanted in eligible patients with age-related cataract requiring a 16.00 to 27.00 diopter ( D ) spherical IOL power and with a predicted postoperative astigmatism of 0.83 to 2.50 D. Eyes within the lowest cylinder range ( predicted postoperative astigmatism 0.83 to 1.32 D ) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio between the 1.25 D toric IOL group and the nontoric accommodating IOL ( Crystalens ) control group . toric 1.25 D group had a statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in absolute cylinder ( P < .001 ) and uncorrected distance visual acuity ( P = .002 ) than the control group at the 120 - to 180-day visit . mean monocular uncorrected vision at distance , intermediate , and near was 20/25 , 20/22 , and 20/39 , respectively , with the 1.25 D , 2.00 D , and 2.75 D toric IOLs in aggregate ( toric group ) . addition , 96.1 % of patients ( 123/128 ) had 5.0 degrees or less absolute IOL rotation postoperatively . safety , the endpoints for preservation of corrected visual acuity and the incidence of complications and adverse events were met . toric IOL was safe and effective in reducing the effects of preoperative corneal astigmatism and provided excellent uncorrected distance and intermediate vision and functional near vision . Pepose is a consultant to Bausch & Lomb and was medical monitor of this study . Buckhurst , Whitman , Feinerman , Hovanesian , Davies , Labor , and Carter are consultants to Bausch & Lomb . the time of the study , Drs. Hayashida , and Khodai were employees of Bausch & Lomb . Colvard and Mittleman have financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned ."
2850,Abstract #2850,"regarding the optimal dose of tacrolimus ( TAC ) in treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy ( IMN ) remains inconclusive . objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose TAC combined with prednisone for patients with IMN . conducted a randomized prospective cohort study in IMN patients : 28 patients received oral TAC ( target whole blood concentration of 2-4 ng/mL ) plus prednisone for 12 months , and 28 patients received prednisone combined with intravenous cyclophosphamide ( CYC ) ( 750 mg/m2 body surface ) once every 4 weeks for 24 weeks . the 56 patients who completed the 12-month treatment , complete remission ( CR ) occurred in 8 ( 28.6 % ) of the CYC group and 18 ( 64.3 % ) of the TAC group ; partial remission ( PR ) occurred in 10 ( 35.7 % ) of the CYC group and 7 ( 25.0 % ) of the TAC group . probability of remission ( either CR or PR ) was higher in the TAC group than in the CYC group ( p = 0.0439 , by log-rank test ) . , a significantly greater improvement in proteinuria and serum albumin levels was observed in the TAC group compared with the CYC group . treated with TAC can often show a rapid increase in their serum albumin levels before any obvious reduction of urinary protein excretion . effects were mild and transitory in both groups . results demonstrated that the combined therapy of low-dose TAC and prednisone is an effective and safe therapeutic method for Chinese adults with IMN . TAC accompanied by prednisone is enough to induce remission in the majority of patients with IMN ."
2851,Abstract #2851,"pancreas-kidney ( SPK ) transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients requires immunotherapy against allo - and autoreactive T-cells . ( CMV ) infection is a major cause for morbidity after transplantation and is possibly related to recurrent autoimmunity . this study , we assessed the pattern of CMV viremia in SPK transplant recipients receiving either antithymocyte globulin ( ATG ) or anti-CD25 ( daclizumab ) immunosuppressive induction therapy . evaluated 36 SPK transplant recipients from a randomized cohort that received either ATG or daclizumab as induction therapy . at risk for CMV infection received oral prophylactic ganciclovir therapy . CMV DNA level in plasma was measured for at least 180 days using a quantitative real-time PCR . peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cross-sectionally HLA tetramer-stained for CMV-specific CD8 ( + ) T-cells . CMV serostatus in donors was correlated with a higher incidence of CMV viremia than negative serostatus . patients at risk , daclizumab induction therapy significantly prolonged CMV-free survival . viremia occurred earlier and was more severe in patients with rejection episodes than in patients without rejection episodes . CD8 ( + ) T-cell counts were significantly lower in patients developing CMV viremia than in those who did not . their comparable immunosuppressive potential , daclizumab is safer than ATG regarding CMV infection risk in SPK transplantation . rejection episodes are associated with earlier and more severe infection . , high CMV-specific tetramer counts reflect antiviral immunity rather than concurrent viremia because they imply low viremic activity . findings may prove valuable in the discussion on both safety of induction therapy and recurrent autoimmunity in SPK and islet transplantation ."
2852,Abstract #2852,"therapy of photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) with intravitreal triamcinolone ( IVTA ) for choroidal neovascularisation ( CNV ) in age-related macular degeneration is thought to improve the prognosis . is therefore widely used , although results are mostly based upon non-randomised and retrospective studies . we present the 6-month results of our prospective , randomised , multicentre ITAP trial ( Intravitreal Triamcinolone and PDT ) for the evaluation of the combination therapy as compared to PDT alone . prospective , randomised , multicentre phase III trial was performed for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of combination therapy ( PDT and IVTA ) as compared to PDT alone . randomised therapy groups ( A : PDT alone , B : IVTA on the same day 1 hour after PDT C : IVTA 1 week before PDT ) were monitored over 1 year . patients included had wet AMD with predominantly classic CNV , minimal classic CNV smaller than 4 papillary diameters or occult CNV with recent disease progression . was performed when persistent leakage of the CNV was visible at follow-up . outcome criteria were the comparison between combination therapy and PDT monotherapy concerning visual acuity , and , second , the comparison between the two groups of combination therapy . patients were included in the study . treatment , mean best corrected ETDRS letter score was 52 , 53 and 51 in groups A , B and C , respectively . the 6 months follow-up , mean best corrected letter score was 40 , 47 and 47 , respectively , with only group A loosing more than 10 letters . change , however , was not statistically significant between the groups . retinal thickness as measured with optical coherence tomography decreased in all groups , and reached statistical significance in both combination groups . rates did not differ significantly between the three groups at 6 months follow-up , nor was there a significant cataract progression requiring operation . 6 months there was no significant difference between mono - and combination therapy groups concerning visual acuity ."
2853,Abstract #2853,"study investigates the variation in segmentation of several pelvic anatomical structures on computed tomography ( CT ) between multiple observers and a commercial automatic segmentation method , in the context of quality assurance and evaluation during a multicentre clinical trial . scans of two prostate cancer patients ( ` benchmarking cases ' ) , one high risk ( HR ) and one intermediate risk ( IR ) , were sent to multiple radiotherapy centres for segmentation of prostate , rectum and bladder structures according to the TROG 03.04 `` RADAR '' trial protocol definitions . same structures were automatically segmented using iPlan software for the same two patients , allowing structures defined by automatic segmentation to be quantitatively compared with those defined by multiple observers . sample of twenty trial patient datasets were also used to automatically generate anatomical structures for quantitative comparison with structures defined by individual observers for the same datasets . was considerable agreement amongst all observers and automatic segmentation of the benchmarking cases for bladder ( mean spatial variations < 0.4 cm across the majority of image slices ) . there was some variation in interpretation of the superior-inferior ( cranio-caudal ) extent of rectum , human-observer contours were typically within a mean 0.6 cm of automatically-defined contours . structures were more consistent for the HR case than the IR case with all human observers segmenting a prostate with considerably more volume ( mean +113.3 % ) than that automatically segmented . results were seen across the twenty sample datasets , with disagreement between iPlan and observers dominant at the prostatic apex and superior part of the rectum , which is consistent with observations made during quality assurance reviews during the trial . study has demonstrated quantitative analysis for comparison of multi-observer segmentation studies . automatic segmentation algorithms based on image-registration as in iPlan , it is apparent that agreement between observer and automatic segmentation will be a function of patient-specific image characteristics , particularly for anatomy with poor contrast definition . this reason , it is suggested that automatic registration based on transformation of a single reference dataset adds a significant systematic bias to the resulting volumes and their use in the context of a multicentre trial should be carefully considered ."
2854,Abstract #2854,"trials show that treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea ( OSA ) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) greatly improves sleepiness and also lowers diurnal systemic blood pressures ( BP ) . patients consume more coffee than controls ( presumably to combat their sleepiness ) and might reduce their consumption following effective treatment , thus lowering BP by this mechanism rather than via a direct effect of alleviating OSA . caffeine levels before and after treatment with either therapeutic ( n = 52 ) or subtherapeutic ( control , n = 49 ) CPAP were measured in stored blood samples from a previous randomised controlled trial of CPAP for 4 weeks in patients with OSA . was a small significant rise in caffeine levels when the two groups were analysed as a whole ( p = 0.02 ) , but not individually . the fall in sleepiness measured objectively in the therapeutic CPAP group , there was no difference in absolute ( or change in ) caffeine levels between the two groups ( mean ( SE ) micro mol/l ; therapeutic CPAP 9.2 ( 1.2 ) , 10.2 ( 1.0 ) , subtherapeutic 6.7 ( 0.9 ) , 8.6 ( 0.9 ) before and after treatment , respectively ) . coffee consumption is unlikely to be the explanation for the falls in BP following treatment of OSA ."
2855,Abstract #2855,"contrast to early migration , the long-term migration of hydroxyapatite - ( HA - ) coated tibial components in TKA has been scantily reported . randomized controlled trial investigated the long-term migration measured by radiostereometric analysis ( RSA ) of HA-coated , uncoated , and cemented tibial components in TKA . knees were randomized to HA-coated ( n = 24 ) , uncoated ( n = 20 ) , and cemented ( n = 24 ) components . knees were prospectively followed for 11-16 years , or until death or revision . was used to evaluate migration at yearly intervals . and radiographic evaluation was according to the Knee Society system . generalized linear mixed model ( GLMM , adjusted for age , sex , diagnosis , revisions , and BMI ) was used to take into account the repeated-measurement design . present study involved 742 RSA analyses . mean migration at 10 years was 1.66 mm for HA , 2.25 mm for uncoated and 0.79 mm for the cemented group ( p < 0.001 ) . reduction of migration by HA as compared to uncoated components was most pronounced for subsidence and external rotation . tibial components were revised for aseptic loosening ( 2 uncoated and 1 cemented ) , 3 for septic loosening ( 2 uncoated and 1 cemented ) , and 1 for instability ( HA-coated ) . of these cases were revised for secondary loosening after a period of stability : 1 case of osteolysis and 1 case of late infection . were no statistically significant differences between the fixation groups regarding clinical or radiographic scores . reduces migration of uncemented tibial components . beneficial effect lasts for more than 10 years . components showed the lowest migration . follow-up of TKA with RSA allows early detection of secondary loosening ."
2856,Abstract #2856,"sickle cell clinical trials have closed due to inability to enroll patients . limit the early cessation of a proposed clinical trial due to low accrual rates , we sought to better understand barriers and facilitators to enrolling parents of children with sickle cell anemia ( SCD ) into clinical trials . groups ( n = 3 ) were conducted with parents/guardians ( n = 14 ) who had not previously been recruited for a clinical trial and were not administering hydroxyurea to their children . main themes related to barriers to clinical trial enrollment were identified during analysis of focus groups : general barriers to health related research ( general mistrust of research studies , emotional and practical concerns ) , barriers to trial design ( randomization ) , and barriers to hydroxyurea ( long term unknown risks , cancer , myelosuppressive effects ) . identified were need for more education , including request for peer education , and improved explanation of clinical trials or study rationale . of parents/guardians of children with SCD in identifying barriers and facilitators to clinical trial enrollment may be critical to the development of strategies to enhance SCD trial completion ."
2857,Abstract #2857,"aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a screening procedure for depression ( SCR ) vs care as usual ( CAU ) in outpatients with diabetes . primary outcome measured was depression score and the secondary outcomes were mental healthcare consumption , diabetes-distress and HbA ( 1c ) . a multicentre parallel randomised controlled trial , 223 outpatients with diabetes , who had an elevated depression score , were randomly assigned to SCR ( n = 116 ) or CAU ( n = 107 ) , using computer generated numbers . were invited for a Composite International Diagnostic Interview ( CIDI ) to diagnose depression and/or anxiety ( interviewers were not blinded for group assignment ) . part of the intervention , patients and their physicians were informed of the outcome of the CIDI in a letter and provided with treatment advice . baseline and 6 month follow-up , depression and diabetes-distress were measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES-D ) and the Problem Areas in Diabetes survey ( PAID ) . ( 1c ) levels were obtained from medical charts . CES-D depression scores decreased from baseline to 6 months in both groups ( 24 8 to 21 8 [ CAU ] and 26 7 to 22 10 [ SCR ] respectively [ p < 0.001 ] ) , with no significant differences between groups . diabetes-distress nor HbA ( 1c ) changed significantly within and between groups . percentage of patients receiving mental healthcare increased in the SCR group from 20 % to 28 % , compared with 15 % to 18 % in the CAU group . screening with written feedback to patient and physician does not improve depression scores and has a limited impact on mental healthcare utilisation , compared with CAU . appears that more intensive depression management is required to improve depression outcomes in patients with diabetes ."
2858,Abstract #2858,"association of adiposity during childhood with future risk of elevated blood pressure ( BP ) in South Asian children is not known . aimed to investigate the relationship between waist circumference ( WC ) and body mass index ( BMI ) with BP over a 2-year period , independent of the baseline BP . analyzed data on children aged 5-14 years who participated in the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation ( COBRA ) trial in Karachi , Pakistan . multivariable models were built for WC and BMI using generalized estimation equations to determine the association between the baseline and changes in adiposity with the primary outcome of increase in systolic BP ( SBP ) over 2 years of follow-up . assessed 1,675 children : 51 % were boys . 2 years , 1,278 ( 76.5 % ) were available for follow-up . multivariate analysis , WC at baseline ( ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ) ) = ( 0.20 ( 0.13 , 0.29 ) , for each 1 cm increase ) and change in WC from baseline to follow-up ( 0.24 ( 0.16 , 0.34 ) , for each 1 cm increase ) were associated with increase in SBP . BMI at baseline ( 0.54 ( 0.33 , 0.75 ) and change in BMI 1.32 ( 1.06 , 1.59 ) , for each 1 kg/m ( 2 ) increase ) were associated with change in SBP . expression of adiposity yielded consistent results . adiposity and increase in adiposity , both , are associated with increase in BP , independent of the baseline level of BP in South Asian children . WC and BMI can be used to identify children at high risk of increase in BP ."
2859,Abstract #2859,", we have shown that the plasma concentration of R-fexofenadine is greater than that of the S-enantiomer . itraconazole co-administration is known to increase the bioavailability of a racemic mixture of fexofenadine , little is known about the stereoselective inhibition of P-gp activity by itraconazole . study indicates that the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine are due to P-gp-mediated transport and its stereoselectivity is altered by itraconazole , a an inhibitor of P-gp . aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of itraconazole , a P-glycoprotein ( P-gp ) inhibitor , on the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine . two-way double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover study was performed with a 2-week washout period . healthy volunteers received either itraconazole 200 mg or matched placebo in a randomized fashion with a single oral dose of fexofenadine 60 mg simultaneously . plasma concentrations and the amount of urinary excretion ( Ae ) of fexofenadine enantiomers were measured up to 24 h after dosing . placebo administration , mean AUC ( 0,24 h ) of S - and R-fexofenadine was 474 ng ml ( -1 ) h ( 95 % CI 311 , 638 ) and 798 ng ml ( -1 ) h ( 95 % CI 497 , 1101 ) , respectively . affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of S-fexofenadine more , and increased AUC ( 0,24 h ) of S-fexofenadine and R-fexofenadine by 4.0-fold ( 95 % CI of differences 2.8 , 5.3 ; P < 0.001 ) and by 3.1-fold ( 95 % CI of differences 2.2 , 4.0 ; P = 0.014 ) , respectively , and Ae ( 0,24 h ) of S-fexofenadine and R-fexofenadine by 3.6-fold ( 95 % CI of differences 2.6 , 4.5 ; P < 0.001 ) and by 2.9-fold ( 95 % CI of differences 2.1 , 3.8 ; P < 0.001 ) , respectively . , the R : S ratio for AUC ( 0,24 h ) and Ae ( 0,24 h ) were significantly reduced in the itraconazole phase , while t ( max ) , t ( 1/2 ) and renal clearance were constant during the study . study indicates that the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine are due to P-gp-mediated transport and its stereoselectivity is altered by itraconazole , a P-gp inhibitor . , further study will be needed because the different affinities of the two enantiomers for P-gp have not been supported by in vitro studies ."
2860,Abstract #2860,"sought to identify mediating variables that may explain the increased effectiveness of a partner-learning skin self-examination ( SSE ) skills training program over a solo-learning SSE skills training program in a sample of patients at risk for melanoma . conducted a randomized control design with pretest , immediate posttest , and 4-month follow-up measures in a clinical ambulatory care office of a hospital . all , 130 participants were drawn from a melanoma hospital registry and randomly assigned to a solo-learning control group ( n = 65 ) or a partner-learning group ( n = 65 ) . either received the skills training individually in the solo-learning control group or in the partner-learning group in which a partner was actively involved in the training . intervention consisted of a 10-minute educational presentation and skills training session about the ABCDE rule of early melanoma detection . main outcome measure was SSE performance as measured by use of a body map . mediators measured included attitudes toward SSE , self-efficacy/confidence in the ability to effectively perform SSE , comfort with having a partner help with SSE , perceived melanoma/skin cancer risk , concern about developing skin cancer/skin damage , and melanoma/skin cancer knowledge . toward SSE , self-efficacy , comfort with having someone help with SSE , and concern about developing sun-damaged skin were found to be significant mediators . limitations include sample size , the evaluation of short-term program effects , and partner relationship variables that could influence the effectiveness of partner learning . of a partner in the SSE skills training was more effective than solo learning because of the changes in the above-mentioned mediators . SSE skills training programs could benefit through using approaches that produce changes in key variables such as increasing attitudes toward SSE , increasing self-efficacy beliefs in the ability to perform SSE , and making participants feel confident in their ability to examine their skin ."
2861,Abstract #2861,"nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) is still a common and major complication for surgical patients , which may delay post-anesthetic care unit discharge , prolong hospital stay and thus increase the cost of hospitalization . is understood that PONV is a multi-factorial outcome and occurs more often with general anesthesia than with other anesthetic methods . administration of antihistamines , antidopaminergics , anticholinergics , phenothiazines , serotonin antagonist , steroids and even acupuncture has been shown to be effective . , expenses and side effects of these agents have also been a concern for clinical doctors . aim for this prospective study was to find an agent that is cost effective and side effect free ( or at least with a low incidence of side effects ) for the prevention of PONV . total of 700 adult surgical patients who planned to have surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this double-blinded , randomized and placebo-controlled study . P received the placebo ( 0.9 % normal saline 2 ml ) and Group D received 10 mg dexamethasone intravenously right before the induction of anesthesia . found that during the postoperative period of 1-8 h , patients in Group D reported a lower incidence of PONV ( 24 % ) than those in Group P ( 39 % , p < 0.001 ) . in Group D also requested less rescue anti-emetic ( 17 % ) than those in Group P ( 30 % , p < 0.05 ) . same phenomenon was also noted in the 8-to-24-hour interval ( PONV 4 % vs. 12 % , p < 0.05 and rescue anti-emetic 3 % vs. 9 % , p < 0.05 in Group D vs. Group P , respectively . ) conclude that the prophylactic intravenous administration of 10 mg dexamethasone immediately before the induction of anesthesia is effective in preventing PONV in the general surgical adult patient population ."
2862,Abstract #2862,"determine the effect of joint protection and home exercises on hand function of patients with hand osteoarthritis ( OA ) . , controlled , 3-month trial with a blinded assessor . outcome parameter was grip strength ; secondary parameters were Health Assessment Questionnaire and visual analog scales ( VAS ) for pain and global hand function . patients with hand OA were randomly assigned to 2 groups : One group received instruction for joint protection and home hand exercises ( JPE group ) , the control group received an information session about hand OA . strength improved by 25 % in the JPE group ( right hand , P < 0.0001 ; left hand , P = 0.0005 ) , but not in the control group . hand function ( by VAS ) improved in a larger proportion ( 65 % ) of patients in the JPE group ( P < 0.05 ) . protection and hand home exercises , easily administered and readily acceptable interventions , were found to increase grip strength and global hand function ."
2863,Abstract #2863,"several randomized controlled trials failed to show a benefit of B vitamin therapy on composite outcomes of cardiovascular death , myocardial infarction , and stroke among individuals with elevated homocysteine , recent post hoc analyses have suggested that several factors may interact with the effects of vitamin treatment . post hoc analysis revealed an interaction between B vitamin therapy and antiplatelet use ; however , those results have not been replicated in other studies or populations . conducted a post hoc analysis of the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention ( VISP ) trial , a randomized controlled trial evaluating treatment with high - versus low-dose B vitamin therapy for secondary prevention of vascular events among stroke survivors with elevated homocysteine . regression models were used to assess primary ( recurrent stroke ) and secondary ( stroke , myocardial infarction , or vascular death ) outcomes among individuals on high - versus low-dose vitamin therapy , categorized by antiplatelet use , after adjusting for covariates . 3680 participants , 52 % took antiplatelet medications . compared with low-dose therapy , high-dose vitamin therapy was associated with higher stroke risk among individuals on antiplatelets ( hazard ratio , 1.43 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.02-2 .01 ) , but trended toward lower risk among those not on antiplatelets ( hazard ratio , 0.86 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.62-1 .19 ) . B vitamin therapy may be associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke among stroke survivors taking antiplatelets , but does not have a significant effect on recurrent stroke risk in those who are not on antiplatelets . randomized controlled trials may consider evaluating the effect of homocysteine lowering among stroke survivors with elevated homocysteine who are not on antiplatelet therapy ."
2864,Abstract #2864,"examined the causes of hospitalization and death of people who inject drugs participating in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study , an HIV preexposure prophylaxis trial . Bangkok Tenofovir Study was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial conducted during 2005 to 2012 among 2413 people who inject drugs . reviewed medical records to define the causes of hospitalization and death , examined participant characteristics and risk behaviors to determine predictors of death , and compared the participant mortality rate with the rate of the general population of Bangkok , Thailand . were followed an average of 4 years ; 107 died : 22 ( 20.6 % ) from overdose , 13 ( 12.2 % ) from traffic accidents , and 12 ( 11.2 % ) from sepsis . multivariable analysis , older age ( 40-59 years ; P = .001 ) , injecting drugs ( P = .03 ) , and injecting midazolam ( P < .001 ) were associated with death . standardized mortality ratio was 2.9 . who injected drugs were nearly 3 times as likely to die as were those in the general population of Bangkok and injecting midazolam was independently associated with death . overdose and traffic accidents were the most common causes of death , and their prevention should be public health priorities ."
2865,Abstract #2865,"toxicity resulting from mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) depletion is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of lipodystrophy . cross-sectionally assessed lipodystrophy both clinically and radiographically in patients who , 4 years before , had been enrolled in a randomized comparative trial of stavudine - or zidovudine-based therapy . content was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) and subcutaneous adipose tissue from the thigh and back . of the 45 patients enrolled in the original trial were included . comparable exposure to stavudine or zidovudine ( 51 and 50 months , respectively ) , lipoatrophy prevalence by intent-to-treat analysis was significantly greater in stavudine recipients ( 82 vs 9 % , P = 0.0001 ) . , those allocated to stavudine had significantly less peripheral fat . an analysis restricted to patients who had remained on randomly allocated nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIs ) , mtDNA in PBMCs decreased after the start of treatment in both groups ( P < 0.0001 ) ( -73 % for stavudine and -67 % for zidovudine , P = 0.11 ) , resulting in significantly lower levels in patients with lipoatrophy ( P = 0.007 ) . mtDNA content in subcutaneous adipose tissue from the thigh , but not from the back , was significantly lower in patients allocated to stavudine compared to zidovudine ( P = 0.01 ) . in adipose tissue from either location did not differ significantly between those with or without lipoatrophy . study objectively confirms that regimens containing stavudine are associated with a greater risk of lipoatrophy than those containing zidovudine . in PBMCs markedly declined with both treatments and was lowest in patients with lipoatrophy . lack of difference in mtDNA in adipose tissue from patients with as opposed to without lipoatrophy may have been masked by a relative preponderance of stromal and vascular tissue in the subcutaneous tissue samples from these patients , combined with compensatory mitochondrial proliferation in remaining adipocytes . , our findings may also suggest that the different risk of lipoatrophy observed between NRTIs can not solely be explained by differences in mtDNA depletion directly at the level of peripheral adipose tissue ."
2866,Abstract #2866,"adults with intellectual disabilities have poor dietary habits , low physical activity and weight disturbances . study protocol describes the design and evaluation of a health intervention aiming to improve diet and physical activity in this target group . Sweden , adults with intellectual disabilities often live in community residences where the staff has insufficient education regarding the special health needs of residents . published lifestyle interventions have simultaneously targeted both residents and staff . intervention is designed to suit the ordinary work routines of community residences . is based on social cognitive theory and takes 12-15 months to complete . intervention includes three components : 1 ) Ten health education sessions for residents in their homes ; 2 ) the appointment of a health ambassador among the staff in each residence and formation of a network ; and 3 ) a study circle for staff in each residence . intervention is implemented by consultation with managers , training of health educators , and coaching of health ambassadors . is assessed based on the participation of residents and staff in the intervention activities . study design is a cluster-randomised trial with physical activity as primary outcome objectively assessed by pedometry . outcomes are dietary quality assessed by digital photography , measured weight , height and waist circumference , and quality of life assessed by a quality of life scale . outcomes are changes in work routines in the residences assessed by a questionnaire to managers . with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities living in community residences in Stockholm County are eligible for inclusion . analysis is used to evaluate effects on primary and secondary outcomes . impact of the intervention on work routines in community residences is analysed by ordinal regression analysis . and facilitators of implementation are identified in an explorative qualitative study through observations and semi-structured interviews . several challenges it is our hope that the results from this intervention will lead to new and improved health promotion programs to the benefit of the target group . ."
2867,Abstract #2867,"the Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation ( VALUE ) trial the primary outcome ( cardiac morbidity and mortality ) did not differ between valsartan and amlodipine-based treatment groups , although systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and diastolic blood pressure reductions were significantly more pronounced with amlodipine . incidence was non-significantly , and myocardial infarction was significantly lower in the amlodipine-based regimen , whereas cardiac failure was non-significantly lower on valsartan . study protocol specified additional analyses of the primary endpoint according to : sex ; age ; race ; geographical region ; smoking status ; type 2 diabetes ; total cholesterol ; left ventricular hypertrophy ; proteinuria ; serum creatinine ; a history of coronary heart disease ; a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack ; and a history of peripheral artery disease . subgroups were isolated systolic hypertension and classes of antihypertensive agents used immediately before randomization . 15,245 hypertensive patients participating in VALUE were divided into subgroups according to baseline characteristics . by subgroup interaction analyses were carried out by a Cox proportional hazard model . each subgroup , treatment effects were assessed by hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals . cardiac mortality and morbidity , the only significant subgroup by treatment interaction was of sex ( P = 0.016 ) , with the hazard ratio indicating a relative excess of cardiac events with valsartan treatment in women but not in men , but SBP differences in favour of amlodipine were distinctly greater in women . other subgroup showed a significant difference in the composite cardiac outcome between valsartan and amlodipine-based treatments . secondary endpoints , a sex-related significant interaction was found for heart failure ( P < 0.0001 ) , with men but not women having a lower incidence of heart failure with valsartan . in the whole VALUE cohort , in no subgroup of patients were there differences in the incidence of the composite cardiac endpoint with valsartan and amlodipine-based treatments , despite a greater blood pressure decrease in the amlodipine group . only exception was sex , in which the amlodipine-based regimen was more effective than valsartan in women , but not in men , whereas the valsartan regimen was more effective in preventing cardiac failure in men than in women ."
2868,Abstract #2868,"examine the effect of sildenafil in patients with Raynaud 's phenomenon ( RP ) secondary to limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis ( lcSSc ) . this double-blind , placebo-controlled study , 57 patients with RP secondary to lcSSc were randomized to receive modified-release sildenafil 100 mg once daily for 3 days followed by modified-release sildenafil 200 mg once daily for 25 days or placebo . primary assessment was the percentage change in the number of RP attacks per week in the per-protocol population . end points included Raynaud 's Condition Score , duration of attacks , RP pain score , endothelial dysfunction assessed by a peripheral arterial tonometric ( PAT ) device , and serum biomarker levels . mean percentage reduction from baseline to day 28 in attacks per week was greater for modified-release sildenafil than for placebo ( -44.0 % versus -18.1 % , P = 0.034 ) ; the mean number of attacks per week improved from 25.0 at baseline to 19.3 after placebo treatment and from 30.5 to 18.7 after modified-release sildenafil treatment ( P = 0.244 ) . from baseline in Raynaud 's Condition Score , duration of attacks , and RP pain score were not significantly different between groups . values and changes from baseline in PAT responses and serum biomarker levels were similar between groups . most frequent adverse events were headache and dyspepsia ; the majority of adverse events were mild or moderate . findings indicate that modified-release sildenafil reduced attack frequency in patients with RP secondary to lcSSc and was well tolerated . sildenafil may be a treatment option in this patient population ."
2869,Abstract #2869,"determine the effects of transdermal fentanyl patches ( TFPs ) for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) surgery . randomized , double-blind , controlled trial study of 40 ASA I-III patients undergoing TKA surgery was performed under general anaesthesia . were randomly divided into two groups . I ( n = 20 ) received two 25 g TFPs placed on the laterals of chest wall approximately 12 h before induction of general anaesthesia . II , the control group ( n = 20 ) , received placebo patches of identical size . pain at rest was assessed with visual analogue scale ( VAS ) at 0 , 30 min and 2 , 4 , 6 , 12 , 24 , 48 and 72 h. Total rescue consumption of morphine was estimated with patient control analgesia during the first 72 h after operation . degree of active knee flexion and incidence of side effects were also evaluated . VAS scores at 2 , 4 , 6 , 12 , 24 , 48 and 72 h were significantly less in the group I compared to the group II ( p < 0.05 ) . morphine consumption was significantly less in group I than in group II ( p < 0.05 ) . significant differences were found between the groups in the postoperative active knee flexion ( n.s. ) . effects were similar between the groups . fentanyl patches provide effective pain relief and decrease total rescue morphine consumption during the first 72 h after operation without additive side effects in patients undergoing TKA surgery ."
2870,Abstract #2870,"study if geriatric home visits could prevent hospital admittance of geriatric patients referred subacute by general practitioners . were randomised to first contact by geriatric home visit ( n = 59 ) , or to subacute admittance to a geriatric ward ( n = 43 ) , median age 79.0 and 82.5 years , women 64 % and 72 % , Barthel-index 755 and 770 and MMSE 24,0 and 23,0 . 30 % of the total number of subacute referred patients were included . % ( 31/59 ) randomised to home visits were not admitted to hospital , 17 % ( 10/59 ) were admitted at the first home visit and 12 % ( 7/59 ) within the first 7 days . admitted within the first 7 days were more often single , 84 % ( n = 16/19 ) as compared to 52 % ( 16/31 ) of those not admitted . time used on home visits was on average 122 min , including 23 min ( 19 % ) for transportation . the 43 patients randomised to subacute admittance 16 % ( 7/43 ) were sent home within 24 hours , and of these 73 % were seen in the outpatient clinic , 26 % ( 11/42 ) were sent home on day 2-7 and of these 27 % were seen in the outpatient clinic . overall median time in contact with the geriatric department was 27.1 days ( n = 59 ) in the home visit group and 15.0 days ( n = 43 ) in the admitted group ( p < 0.05 ) . were no significant differences in patient satisfaction or self-rated health . average time used by the municipality for home service was reduced to 15 min/day in patients sent to hospital ( p < 0.01 ) and increased to 44 min/day in patients not admitted ( p < 0.05 ) . admittance was avoided by geriatric home visits . , time consumption was high . municipality costs increased for non-admitted patients . overall time in contact with the geriatric department was shortest for admitted patients ."
2871,Abstract #2871,"aim of the present study was to assess the severity of respiratory disturbances occurring after abdominal surgery and to identify surgical incisions that entail the least respiratory complications and postoperative pain . total of 105 patients divided into two groups were included in this randomized clinical trial . patients in the first group underwent upper abdominal surgery , and were operated on by use of vertical , oblique , transverse and elliptic incision . remaining 30 patients in the second group were submitted to low abdominal surgery by use of vertical and oblique incision . blood gases and pulmonary shunt development were determined at 12 h preoperatively , and at 6 h , 72 h and 144 h postoperatively . the postoperative course , VAS-pain score and use of tramadol were observed according to the type of surgical incision employed . severe respiratory disturbances in terms of PaO2 decrease , activating compensatory hyperventilation , pulmonary shunt increase , the highest VAS-pain score and consumption of tramadol were induced by the following upper abdominal incisions : transversal laparotomy according to Orr , elliptic periumbilical laparotomy , upper midline laparotomy , transrectal laparotomy and subcostal laparotomy . the group of low abdominal surgery ( low midline laparotomy and inguinal incision ) consumption of tramadol was statistically significantly lower , but no statistically significant differences were recorded between the baseline preoperative and postoperative values of PaO2 , PaCO2 and pulmonary shunt . low abdominal incisions were found to entail statistically significantly less respiratory disturbances , lower VAS-pain score and lower tramadol use when compared to upper abdominal incisions . upper abdominal incisions observed caused substantial respiratory disturbances including hypoxia , hyperventilation and pulmonary shunt increase ."
2872,Abstract #2872,"guidelines are seen as an important instrument to transfer scientifically generated knowledge into daily clinical practice and to ensure high standards of clinical care . wide promulgation , clinical guidelines so far have a limited impact on individual professional learning and on changing daily medical practice . aims were ( i ) to study a potential knowledge increase among German GPs after implementation of web - and evidence-based guidelines and ( ii ) to identify and analyse potential barriers to individual professional learning with computerized guidelines . prospective , randomized controlled trial was conducted including 72 GPs ( 21 % female , 79 % male ) . intervention group ( n = 38 ) had access to clinical guidelines via the Internet or CD-ROM , the control group had not ( n = 34 ) . groups received a standardized two-part questionnaire . increase of knowledge was measured with 25 multiple choice questions related to four different medical topics . addition , reasons for using or not using computerized guidelines were analysed after access to guidelines was open to all participating physicians . was no significant knowledge increase in the intervention group ( P = 0.69 ) . ( 58 % ) GPs of the intervention group had used the guidelines . curiosity ( 76 % ) and a specific medical question ( 38 % ) were predominant motives for usage among physicians who had used the guidelines . ` non-users ' , 78 % stated ` lack of time ' as the main reason for not using guidelines . efficient knowledge transfer through computerized guidelines was not achieved . , individual learning and potential implementation depend on adequate incentives and pragmatic aspects of clinical practice : easy and quick access ."
2873,Abstract #2873,"is uncertain whether the benefit from apixaban varies by type and duration of atrial fibrillation ( AF ) . total of 18 201 patients with AF [ 2786 ( 15.3 % ) with paroxysmal and 15 412 ( 84.7 % ) with persistent or permanent ] were randomized to apixaban or warfarin . this pre-specified secondary analysis , we compared outcomes and treatment effect of apixaban vs. warfarin by AF type and duration . primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism . secondary efficacy endpoint was all-cause mortality . was a consistent reduction in stroke or systemic embolism ( P for interaction = 0.71 ) , all-cause mortality ( P for interaction = 0.75 ) , and major bleeding ( P for interaction = 0.50 ) with apixaban compared with warfarin for both AF types . was superior to warfarin in all studied endpoints , regardless of AF duration at study entry ( P for all interactions > 0.13 ) . rate of stroke or systemic embolism was significantly higher in patients with persistent or permanent AF than patients with paroxysmal AF ( 1.52 vs. 0.98 % ; P = 0.003 , adjusted P = 0.015 ) . was also a trend towards higher mortality in patients with persistent or permanent AF ( 3.90 vs. 2.81 % ; P = 0.0002 , adjusted P = 0.066 ) . risks of stroke , mortality , and major bleeding were lower with apixaban than warfarin regardless of AF type and duration . the risk of stroke or systemic embolism was lower in paroxysmal than persistent or permanent AF , apixaban is an attractive alternative to warfarin in patients with AF and at least one other risk factor for stroke , regardless of the type or duration of AF ."
2874,Abstract #2874,"evaluate the potential role of tamsulosin in the medical treatment of distal ureteral stones . patients with symptomatic distal ureteral calculi were enrolled . were randomly divided into two groups : Group A ( n = 45 ) received diclofenac 100 mg on demand for 4 weeks plus levofloxacin 250 mg daily for the first week and were well hydrated ; and Group B ( n = 45 ) received the same therapy plus tamsulosin 0.4 mg/daily for 4 weeks . ultrasound scans and KUB X-rays were performed weekly . expulsion rates , time to expulsion , pain episodes and analgesic usage were determined . by means of shock-wave lithotripsy ( SWL ) or ureteroscopy was evaluated . stone expulsion rate was 51.1 % for Group A , compared to 88.9 % for Group B ( p = 0.001 ) . average time to expulsion was 12.53 + / -2.12 days for Group A and 7.32 + / -0.78 days for Group B ( p = 0.04 ) . number of pain episodes was significantly lower in Group B and mean use of analgesics was lower for Group B ( 0.14 + / -0.5 vials ) than Group A ( 2.78 + / -2.7 vials ) . patients in Group A failed to pass their stones after 4 weeks but only five in Group B. Of the patients who were not stone-free , 19 were treated with SWL and eight underwent ureteroscopy . study reveals the efficacy of tamsulosin for the treatment of distal ureteral stones . should be added to the standard medical approach for treating these stones ."
2875,Abstract #2875,"the treatment of vertebral compression fractures , vertebral body stenting with an expandable scaffold inserted before application of the bone cement was developed to impede secondary loss of vertebral height encountered in patients treated with balloon kyphoplasty . purpose of this study was to clarify whether there are relevant differences between balloon kyphoplasty and vertebral body stenting with regard to perioperative and postoperative findings . a two-armed randomized controlled trial , patients with a total of 100 fresh osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated with either balloon kyphoplasty or vertebral body stenting . primary outcome was the post-interventional change in the kyphotic angle on radiographs . secondary outcomes were the maximum pressure of the balloon tamp during inflation , radiation exposure time , perioperative complications , and cement leakage . mean reduction ( and standard deviation ) of kyphosis ( the kyphotic correction angle ) was 4.5 3.6 after balloon kyphoplasty and 4.7 4.2 after vertebral body stenting ( p = 0.972 ) . mean pressures were 24 5 bar ( 348 72 pounds per square inch [ psi ] ) during vertebral body stenting and 16 6 bar ( 233 81 psi ) during balloon kyphoplasty ( p = 0.014 ) . were no significant differences in radiation exposure time.None of the patients underwent revision surgery , and postoperative neurologic sequelae were not observed . leakage occurred at twenty-five of the 100 vertebral levels without significant differences between the two intervention arms ( p = 0.230 ) . material-related complications were observed at one of the fifty vertebral levels in the balloon kyphoplasty group and at nine of the fifty levels in the vertebral body stenting group . beneficial effect of vertebral body stenting over balloon kyphoplasty was found among patients with painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures with regard to kyphotic correction , cement leakage , radiation exposure time , or neurologic sequelae . body stenting was associated with significantly higher pressures during balloon inflation and more material-related complications ."
2876,Abstract #2876,"REMATCH trial compared the use of left ventricular assist devices with optimal medical management for patients with end-stage heart failure . the trial met its primary end point criteria in July 2001 , left ventricular assist device therapy was shown to significantly improve survival and quality of life . extended follow-up , 2 critical questions emerge : ( 1 ) Did these benefits persist , and ( 2 ) did outcomes improve over the course of the trial , given the evolving nature of the technology ? analyzed survival in this randomized trial by using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier . in the benefits of therapy were analyzed by examining the effect of the enrollment period . survival rates for patients receiving left ventricular assist devices ( n = 68 ) versus patients receiving optimal medical management ( n = 61 ) were 52 % versus 28 % at 1 year and 29 % versus 13 % at 2 years ( P = .008 , log-rank test ) . of July 2003 , 11 patients were alive on left ventricular assist device support out of a total 16 survivors ( including 3 patients receiving optimal medical management who crossed over to left ventricular assist device therapy ) . was a significant improvement in survival for left ventricular assist device-supported patients who enrolled during the second half of the trial compared with the first half ( P = .03 ) . Minnesota Living with Heart Failure scores improved significantly over the course of the trial . extended follow-up confirms the initial observation that left ventricular assist device therapy renders significant survival and quality-of-life benefits compared with optimal medical management for patients with end-stage heart failure . , we observed an improvement in the survival of patients receiving left ventricular assist devices over the course of the trial , suggesting the effect of greater clinical experience ."
2877,Abstract #2877,"investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection , gastric cancer and other gastric diseases through the changes in gastric mucosa and the status of different gastric diseases within 5 years after H. pylori eradication in H. pylori-positive subjects in a high incidence region of gastric cancer . thousand and six adults were selected from the general population in Yantai , Shandong province , a high incidence region for gastric cancer in China . and Campylobacter-like organism ( CLO ) testing were performed on all subjects . samples from the gastric antrum and body were obtained for histology and assessment of H. pylori infection . H. pylori-positive subjects were then randomly divided into two groups : treatment group receiving Omeprazole Amoxicillin Clarythromycin ( OAC ) triple therapy and placebo as controls . subjects were endoscopically followed up in the second and fifth year . compared the endoscopic appearance and histology of the biopsy specimens from the same site obtained at the first and last visits . 552 H. pylori-positive subjects were randomly and evenly divided into treatment group or control group . the five-year follow-up , the numbers of patients who continued to be negative or positive for H. pylori were 161 and 198 , respectively . analysis revealed that : ( 1 ) At the initial visit , there were no significant differences in the severity and activity of inflammation , atrophy and intestinal metaplasia between the biopsy specimens from the antrum and body respectively in both groups . 2 ) The severity and activity of inflammation in both the antrum and body were markedly reduced after H. pylori eradication ( P = 0.000 ) . 3 ) Within five years after H. pylori eradication , intestinal metaplasia in the antrum either regressed or had no progression , while the proportion of intestinal metaplasia in the H. pylori-positive group increased significantly ( P = 0.032 ) . 4 ) After H. pylori eradication , the atrophy in both the antrum and body had no significant regression . P value was 0.223 and 0.402 , respectively . pylori eradication results in remarkable reduction in the severity and activity of chronic gastritis , marked resolution of intestinal metaplasia in the antrum . the other hand , continuous H. pylori infection leads to progressive aggravation of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia ."
2878,Abstract #2878,"evaluate medication adherence and treatment outcomes in elderly outpatients using daily-dose blister packaging ( Pill Calendar ) compared with medications packaged in bottles of loose tablets . controlled trial . care clinics at Ohio State University Medical Center , Columbus ; University of Arizona Health Science Center , Tucson ; and Riverside Methodist Hospital Family Medicine Clinic , Columbus , Ohio , from July 1 , 2002 , to December 31 , 2004 . individuals 65 years of age or older being treated with lisinopril for hypertension . were randomly assigned to receive lisinopril in either daily-dose blister packaging ( Pill Calendar ) or traditional bottles of loose tablets . was assessed by prescription refill regularity and medication possession ratio ( MPR ) . outcome and use of medical services were assessed by medical record review of blood pressure and morbidity associated with poorly controlled hypertension . receiving lisinopril in the daily-dose blister packaging ( Pill Calendar ) refilled their prescriptions on time more often ( P = 0.01 ) , had higher MPRs ( P = 0.04 ) , and had lower diastolic blood pressure ( P = 0.01 ) than patients who had their medications packaged in traditional bottles of loose tablets . medications in a package that identifies the day each dose is intended to be taken and provides information on proper self-administration can improve treatment regimen adherence and treatment outcomes in elderly patients ."
2879,Abstract #2879,"examine the efficacy and tolerability of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor , candoxatril ( UK 79,300 ) as monotherapy in essential hypertension . , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study of 28 days ' duration . hospital outpatient departments participating in the Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic ( Glasgow , UK ) . patients with essential hypertension with diastolic blood pressure 95-114 mmHg after a 2-4 week placebo run-in period . days ' treatment with candoxatril 200 mg twice daily or matching placebo capsules . in supine and erect blood pressure , and volunteered side effects during double-blind treatment . measured at the end of the dose interval , the fall in supine blood pressure following candoxatril was not significantly greater than that after placebo . with placebo , a significant effect for candoxatril was seen only for systolic blood pressure in the erect posture ; the fall in erect diastolic blood pressure attributable to candoxatril was insignificant . plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration increased in candoxatril-treated patients and decreased in the placebo group . stimulation of the renin-aldosterone axis was seen . was a non-significant trend towards greater urinary excretion of cyclic guanosine monophosphate after candoxatril . plasma concentration of candoxatril at ( UK 73,967 -- the active metabolite of candoxatril ) reached a peak of 1010 + / - 437 ng/ml after acute dosing , and 1328 + / - 405 ng/ml after chronic dosing ; time to maximum concentration was 2 h in each case . was well-tolerated ; numbers of adverse events did not differ between active treatment and placebo . atrial natriuretic peptide levels were significantly increased , candoxatril 200 mg twice daily for 28 days did not produce a clinically relevant fall in blood pressure . results cast some doubt upon the role of neutral endopeptidase inhibition in the treatment of unselected hypertensive patients ."
2880,Abstract #2880,"acid sequestrants are a well-accepted class of cholesterol-lowering drugs . the last decade , small studies have indicated that these agents may also lower glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . 26-week , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study was conducted between August 2004 and July 2006 at 54 sites in the United States and 2 in Mexico to determine the effects of colesevelam hydrochloride , a bile acid sequestrant , in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM ( hemoglobin A ( 1c ) [ HbA ( 1c ) ] level , 7.5 % -9.5 % [ baseline HbA ( 1c ) level , 8.1 % ] ) , who were receiving metformin monotherapy or metformin combined with additional oral anti-diabetes mellitus drugs . total , 316 subjects were randomized ( 159 to colesevelam hydrochloride , 3.75 g/d , and 157 to matching placebo ) . primary efficacy parameter was mean placebo-corrected change in HbA ( 1c ) level from baseline to week 26 ( analysis was on an intent-to-treat population using a last-observation-carried-forward approach ) . lowered the mean HbA ( 1c ) level compared with placebo at week 26 ( -0.54 % ; P < .001 ) . results were observed in the metformin monotherapy ( -0.47 % ; P = .002 ) and combination therapy cohorts ( -0.62 % ; P < .001 ) . addition , colesevelam significantly ( 1 ) lowered fasting plasma glucose ( -13.9 mg/dL P = .01 ) , fructosamine ( -23.2 micromol/L ; P < .001 ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) ( -7.2 % ; P < .001 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) ( -15.9 % ; P < .001 ) , apolipoprotein B ( -7.9 % ; P < .001 ) , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) ( -10.3 % ; P < .001 ) , and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( -14.4 % ; P = .02 ) levels and ( 2 ) improved other measures of glycemic response , as well as TC/HDL-C , LDL-C/HDL-C , non-HDL-C/HDL-C , and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratios ( P < .003 for all ) . , HDL-C , and apolipoprotein A-I levels were not statistically significantly increased . improves glycemic and lipid parameters in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin-based therapy ."
2881,Abstract #2881,", but not all , studies using registry data have suggested a small but significant long-term survival advantage following a curative surgical resection of gastric cancer at hospitals where the volume of such surgeries is high . , because such data may be significantly influenced by the impact of postoperative mortality , and may be imbalanced for factors important to survival , the true nature of this relationship remains uncertain . conducted a nested volume-outcome study in a sample of 448 surgical survivors with stage IB through IV ( M0 ) gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma , previously randomized to adjuvant chemoradiation after surgery or surgery alone , to measure the effect of hospital surgical volume , as assessed by Medicare claims data , on overall survival and gastric cancer recurrence . this selected sample of postoperative survivors , hospital surgical volume was not predictive of overall survival ( P = 0.46 ) or disease-free survival ( P = 0.43 ) at a median follow-up of 8.9 years . , patients who underwent either a D1 or D2 dissection at a high - or moderate-volume center experienced an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.80 ( 95 % CI , 0.53-1 .20 ) for overall survival and 0.78 ( 95 % CI , 0.53-1 .14 ) for disease-free survival compared with those patients resected at a low-volume hospital ; these results were not statistically significant . a D0 resection was performed , hospital procedure volume showed no impact on survival . the impact of perioperative mortality by utilizing prospectively recorded data from a large postoperative adjuvant trial , hospital procedure volume had no overall effect on long-term gastric cancer survival . potential benefit of moderate - to high-volume centers for patients who underwent a D1 or D2 dissection requires confirmation in larger studies ."
2882,Abstract #2882,"infection is an important worldwide problem that could be reduced by better hand hygiene practice . , irritant contact dermatitis of the hands as a result of repeated hand washing is a potential complication that may be preventable by the regular use of an emollient . assess the effect of moisturizer application after repeated hand washing ( 15 times daily ) vs. soap alone . a double-blind , randomized study , the effect of five different moisturizers on skin barrier function was determined by assessment after repeated hand washing over a 2-week period in healthy adult volunteers . of transepidermal water loss ( TEWL ) , epidermal hydration and a visual assessment using the Hand Eczema Severity Index ( HECSI ) were made at days 0 , 7 and 14 . total , 132 patients were enrolled into the study . statistically significant worsening of the clinical condition of the skin as measured by HECSI was seen from baseline to day 14 ( P = 0.003 ) in those subjects repeatedly washing their hands with soap without subsequent application of moisturizer . change was seen in the groups using moisturizer . assessment of epidermal hydration as a measure of skin barrier function showed significant increases from baseline to day 14 after the use of three of the five moisturizing products ( P = 0.041 , 0.001 and 0.009 ) . of the five moisturizers tested led to a statistically significant decrease in TEWL at day 7 of repeated hand washing . effect was sustained for one moisturizing product at day 14 of hand washing ( P = 0.044 ) . results support the view that the regular application of moisturizers to normal skin offers a protective effect against repeated exposure to irritants , with no evidence of a reduction in barrier efficiency allowing the easier permeation of irritant substances into the skin as has been suggested by other studies . use of emollient in the healthcare environment may prevent the development of dermatitis ."
2883,Abstract #2883,"examined the independent and combined effects of a multi-component exercise program and calcium-vitamin-D ( 3 ) - fortified milk on bone mineral density ( BMD ) in older men . resulted in a 1.8 % net gain in femoral neck BMD , but additional calcium-vitamin D ( 3 ) did not enhance the response in this group of older well-nourished men . 12-month randomised controlled trial assessed whether calcium-vitamin-D ( 3 ) - fortified milk could enhance the effects of a multi-component exercise program on BMD in older men . ( n = 180 ) aged 50-79 years were randomised into : ( 1 ) exercise + fortified milk ; ( 2 ) exercise ; ( 3 ) fortified milk ; or ( 4 ) controls . consisted of high intensity progressive resistance training with weight-bearing impact exercise . assigned to fortified milk consumed 400 mL/day of low fat milk providing an additional 1,000 mg/day calcium and 800 IU/day vitamin D ( 3 ) . neck ( FN ) , total hip , lumbar spine and trochanter BMD and body composition ( DXA ) , muscle strength 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) were assessed . were no exercise-by-fortified milk interactions at any skeletal site . resulted in a 1.8 % net gain in FN BMD relative to no-exercise ( p < 0.001 ) ; lean mass ( 0.6 kg , p < 0.05 ) and muscle strength ( 20-52 % , p < 0.001 ) also increased in response to exercise . lumbar spine BMD , there was a net 1.4-1 .5 % increase in all treatment groups relative to controls ( all p < 0.01 ) . were no main effects of fortified milk at any skeletal site . multi-component community-based exercise program was effective for increasing FN BMD in older men , but additional calcium-vitamin D ( 3 ) did not enhance the osteogenic response ."
2884,Abstract #2884,"midazolam and parental presence during induction of anesthesia are routinely used to treat preoperative anxiety in children . purpose of this investigation was to determine which of these two interventions is more effective . of the child during the perioperative period was the primary end point . end points included anxiety of the parent and compliance of the child during induction . ( n = 88 ) were randomly assigned to one of three groups : ( 1 ) 0.5 mg/kg oral midazolam ; ( 2 ) parental presence during induction of anesthesia ; or ( 3 ) control ( no parental presence or premedication ) . multiple behavioral measures of anxiety , the effect of the intervention on the children and their parents was assessed . anxiety in the holding area ( T1 ) , entrance to the operating room ( T2 ) , and introduction of the anesthesia mask ( T3 ) differed significantly among the three groups ( P = 0.032 ) . hoc analysis indicated that children in the midazolam group exhibited significantly less anxiety compared with the children in the parental-presence group or control group ( P = 0.0171 ) . , parental anxiety scores after separation were significantly less in the midazolam group compared with the parental-presence or control groups ( P = 0.048 ) . percentage of inductions in which compliance of the child was poor was significantly greater in the control group compared with the parental-presence and midazolam groups ( 25 % vs. 17 % vs. 0 % , P = 0.013 ) . the conditions of this study , oral midazolam is more effective than either parental presence or no intervention for managing a child 's and parent 's anxiety during the preoperative period ."
2885,Abstract #2885,"medication administered via a metered dose inhaler ( MDI ) is often used to treat asthma . ( HFA ) has replaced chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC ) as the propellant and these new MDI may contain alcohol . raises concerns that their use may transiently increase breath ethanol concentration ( BEC ) , thereby interfering with random breath testing . was hypothesized that HFA-ethanol MDI may contribute to raising BEC above the legal limit . effect of a HFA-ethanol MDI on BEC was compared with that of CFC and placebo MDI and the effect of ingesting a standard amount of alcohol was also investigated . ( n = 16 ) and normal control subjects ( n = 15 ) were recruited for the double-blind , placebo-controlled study . subject used the three MDI in random sequence . was measured at baseline and at 2 , 5 and 15 min after inhalation of each MDI , using the Lion Alcometer SD-400TM . was performed at baseline and 20 min after the last inhalation . identical procedure was followed after alcohol consumption . of the HFA-ethanol MDI resulted in a significant increase in BEC from 0.002 to 0.0138 mg/100 mL ( 28 mg/100 mL of blood , P = 0.001 ) in asthmatics , and from 0.001 mg/100 mL to 0.016 mg/100 mL ( 33 mg/100 mL of blood , P = 0.002 ) in normal subjects . 5 min , there were no significant differences in BEC of asthmatics ( 0.0031 mg/100 mL ) and normal subjects ( 0.003 mg/100 mL ) , when compared with baseline ( P > 0.2 ) . are transiently elevated after inhalation of HFA-ethanol MDI ; however , by 5 min , BEC had already returned to baseline levels . the effect of HFA-ethanol MDI on BEC is transient and would be negligible after 5 min ."
2886,Abstract #2886,"assess whether hormonal treatment of endometriosis improves quality of life for women with endometriosis . a prospective , randomized , double-blind , double-dummy study on 48 women with verified endometriosis , the pain pattern and quality of life were registered before , during and after treatment with nafarelin or medroxyprogesterone acetate . distribution of the studied parameters were tested by means of a Skewness test . analysis was used for normally distributed variables and Friedman 's analysis and Mann-Whitney U-test for non normally distributed variables . was a difference between the 30 women who participated all through the study and the 18 who dropped out . was noticeable that anxiety-depression and sleep disturbances were significantly more common among the drop outs . was a significant reduction in symptom score during the study , without any significant difference between the treatment groups . sleep disturbances and anxiety-depression score improved significantly from before treatment to the end of the follow-up , but the anxiety-depression score increased during the nafarelin treatment period . was a statistically significant improvement of paid working life in the nafarelin treated group . the other psycho-social parameters as well as emotional balance improved during the study period without difference between groups . hormonal treatment is planned it is very important to take into consideration previous psychosocial experiences of the patient . of importance for quality of life such as sleep disturbances and anxiety-depression improved significantly after treatment with nafarelin or medroxyprogesterone acetate ."
2887,Abstract #2887,"compare the Cyberwand ( Gyrus/ACMI , Southborough , MA , USA ) , a dual-probe ultrasonic lithotrite , with a single-probe ultrasonic lithotrite . Cyberwand incorporates coaxial high - and low-frequency ultrasonic probes that work synergistically . institutional review board-approved , multicentre , randomized controlled trial to compare the Cyberwand to the Olympus LUS-II ( Olympus America , Inc. , Melville , NY , USA ) single-probe lithotrite was performed . undergoing a percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL ) with a target stone > 2 cm in diameter were eligible for the study . primary outcome was the time to removal of the targeted stone . total of 57 PCNLs were performed after randomization : 25 Cyberwand and 32 LUS-II . was no difference ( P > 0.05 ) observed between the two devices for target stone surface area ( Cyberwand 526.6 cm vs LUS-II 540.1 cm ) , time to clearance of target stone ( Cyberwand 15.8 min vs LUS-II 14.2 min ) and target stone clearance rate ( Cyberwand 61.9 mm/min vs LUS-II 75.8 mm/min ) . the patients with stone analysis , hard stones ( calcium oxalate monohydrate , brushite and cystine ) were noted in 14 ( 56.0 % ) of the 25 Cyberwand and 18 ( 62.1 % ) of the 29 LUS-II patients . of the 25 ( 60.0 % ) Cyberwand and 20 of the 32 ( 62.5 % ) LUS-II patients were stone-free after the initial PCNL . patients not rendered stone-free went on to receive a secondary PCNL . malfunction occurred in eight of 25 ( 32.0 % ) Cyberwand and five of 32 ( 15.6 % ) LUS II patients . were similar in both treatment groups . appreciable difference between the dual-probe Cyberwand and the standard ultrasonic Olympus LUS-II lithotrites can be identified ."
2888,Abstract #2888,"evaluate the pain in healthy newborns requiring blood test by a heel-prick procedure and compare different pain management methods . studied 150 term infants , in three randomised groups , from the Maternity Unit of our Hospital for a period of three months . first group of 50 newborns , received no specific analgesic intervention during blood tests , except our usual nursing intervention ( `` facilitated tucking '' ) . second and third group ( 50 newborns ) , received non-nutritive sucking-placebo and non-nutritive sucking-24 % sucrose respectively . the control group , the average score on the scale of discomfort was 3.92 , moderate pain , causing a crying time of 51.72 seconds ; the group receiving a non-nutritive sucking-placeboscored 2.1 , slight pain , 10.68 seconds crying , while the group receiving non-nutritive sucking-24 % sucrose , expressed a level of discomfort of 1.5 points , slight , with an average crying time of 10.70 seconds . comparative results between the control group and groups of non-nutritive sucking on placebo and 24 % sucrose , both showed significant differences in the scores of the scale of discomfort , as well as in the time crying ( p < 0.001 ) . comparative analysis between groups of non-nutritive sucking sucrose and placebo showed no significant differences . blood test by heel lance represents a painful procedure of moderate intensity capable of analgesic treatment . proper nursing method , along with a complement of non-nutritive sucking during extraction , significantly decreases the discomfort and crying , it being unnecessary to consider other analgesics ."
2889,Abstract #2889,"compare the efficacy difference in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation ( LDH ) between the comprehensive therapy of qi pathway intervention and the spinal adjustment and the conventional therapy of acupuncture and Tuina and explore the analgesic mechanism . cases were randomized into a comprehensive therapy group ( 36 cases ) and a conventional therapy group ( 35 cases ) . the comprehensive therapy group , the acupoints in the region of abdominal qi pathway were selected and stimulated manually with both hands . combination , the spinal adjustment therapy was applied . the conventional therapy group , Shenshu ( BL 23 ) , Dachangshu ( BL 25 ) , Huantiao ( GB 30 ) and Chengfu ( BL 36 ) on the affected side were selected and stimulated with the conventional needling technique . , the routine Tuina therapy was applied . and after treatment , the visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , Oswestry disability index ( ODI ) questionnaire , the health related quality of life ( SF-36 ) questionnaire and the level of serum tumor necrosis factor ( TNF-alpha ) were adopted to determine analgesic effect and clinical efficacy . the comprehensive therapy group , the curative and effective rate was 91.7 % ( 33/36 ) , which was apparently superior to 77.1 % ( 27/35 ) in the conventional therapy group ( P < 0.05 ) . analgesic effect in the first 10 treatments in the comprehensive therapy group was apparently superior to that in the conventional therapy group ( P < 0.05 ) . after treatment was improved significantly in both groups ( both P < 0.05 ) , in which the result in the comprehensive therapy group was superior to that in the conventional therapy group ( P < 0.05 ) . treatment , the SF-36 values of gener al health , bodily pain , physiological functioning , social functioning and emotional functioning in the comprehensive therapy group were superior to that in the conventional therapy group ( all P < 0.05 ) . 15 treatments , the level of serum TNF-alpha in the comprehensive therapy group was lowered as compared with that before treatment and lower apparently than that in the conventional therapy group ( P < 0.05 ) ; after 30 treatments , it was also lower than that in conventional therapy group ( P < 0.05 ) . the guide of the theory of qi pathway , the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture and spinal adjustment intervention achieves the quick and good efficacy on LDH as compared with the conventional acupuncture and Tuina and improves the quality of life for the patients to certain extent . analgesic effect of this therapy is relevant with the decrease of serum TNF-alpha ."
2890,Abstract #2890,"determine the impact of sumatriptan prophylaxis on acute mountain sickness ( AMS ) and altitude headache development within 24 hours of ascent , we designed a double-blind , randomized , clinical trial . prospective , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Tochal Mountain Hotel at an altitude of 3,500 meters above sea level during October 2006 to November 2006 . total of 102 Iranian adults were assigned to receive either sumatriptan succinate ( 50mg ) or placebo within 1 hour of ascent . incidence was measured by Lake Louise AMS score > or = 3 with headache and one other symptom . outcome measures included severity of syndrome ( Lake Louise scores > or = 5 ) , incidence of headache , and severity of headache . on intention-to-treat analysis , AMS was more prevalent in placebo group ( n = 23 [ 45.1 % ] ) than sumatriptan group ( n = 12 [ 23.5 % ] ; p = 0.02 ) . also had a greater rate for placebo users ( placebo vs sumatriptan group : 29 [ 56.9 % ] vs 17 [ 33.3 % ] ; p = 0.02 ) . association was detected between sumatriptan prophylaxis and AMS or altitude headache severity . prophylaxis is effective to prevent AMS development . , our findings confirm cerebral vasodilative and edematous mechanisms of AMS progression , whereas sumatriptan is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 1 ) receptor subtype agonist and a selective cerebral vasoconstrictor as a result ( http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN87201238/ ) ."
2891,Abstract #2891,"intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( TIPS ) has recently been reported to be effective in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites . , the clinical utility of TIPS in the subset of refractory ascitic patients with good hepatic and renal function is uncertain . aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TIPS to that of large-volume paracentesis in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites who have good hepatic and renal function . cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites who presented with a Child-Pugh score of < 11 , serum bilirubin of < 3 mg/dl and creatinine of < 1.9 mg/dl were assigned randomly to TIPS ( n = 30 ) or large-volume paracentesis plus albumin ( n = 30 ) . primary endpoint was survival . secondary endpoints were response to treatment and development of hepatic encephalopathy . baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups . patients treated with TIPS and 21 treated with paracentesis died during the study period . cumulative probabilities of survival at 1 and 2 years were 80 and 64 % in the TIPS group and 49 and 35 % in the paracentesis group ( p < 0.005 ) . was significantly superior to paracentesis in the control of ascites ( p < 0.005 ) . failure was more frequent in the paracentesis group , whereas the frequency of hepatic encephalopathy was greater in the TIPS group . cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites who have good hepatic and renal function , TIPS improves survival and provides better control of ascites than large-volume paracentesis ."
2892,Abstract #2892,"albumin-bound paclitaxel ( nab-P ) and bevacizumab have each demonstrated efficacy in patients with MBC . trial was designed to further develop nab-P by evaluating its efficacy and safety using every 3 weeks ( q3w ) , every 2 weeks ( q2w ) , or weekly scheduling in combination with bevacizumab as first-line treatment of MBC . open-label phase II study randomized patients to nab-P 260 mg/m ( 2 ) q3w ( arm A ) vs. 260 mg/m ( 2 ) q2w with filgrastim ( arm B ) vs. 130 mg/m ( 2 ) weekly uninterrupted , all with bevacizumab ( 15 mg/kg q3w arm A , 10 mg/kg q2w arms B and C ) . primary endpoints were overall response rate ( ORR ) and toxicity . to tumor progression ( TTP ) and overall survival were secondary endpoints . 212 patients randomized , 208 ( arm A , 75 ; arm B , 54 ; arm C , 79 ) were treated . B was closed early due to toxicity , with more grade 2 fatigue ( arm A , 46 % ; arm B , 62 % ; arm C , 62 % ) and bone pain ( arm A , 11 % ; arm B , 23 % ; arm C , 5 % ) . grade 2 was equivalent across the arms ( > 50 % ) and reversible for most patients . neutropenia occurred in 3 % of patients in all arms . was similar among the arms ( arm A , 45 % ; arm B , 41 % ; arm C , 46 % ) . TTP was slightly longer in arm C ( 9.0 months ) vs. arms A ( 8.0 months ) and B ( 5.8 months ) ( overall , P = .105 ) . antitumor activity was observed in all the arms . nab-P with bevacizumab appeared to have the highest therapeutic index . , sensory neuropathy was treatment limiting , which suggests that a 3 weeks on and 1 week off schedule should be explored ."
2893,Abstract #2893,"their benefits in the treatment of cardiovascular disease , - blockers are seldom used to treat asthmatics . assessed the safety and tolerability of acute dosing with esmolol and propranolol in patients with asthma . analysis of a double blind , randomised , placebo controlled trial of - blocker use in asthma . asthmatics on inhaled corticosteroids . participant underwent a 6-8 week dose titration of oral propranolol . subgroup received an intravenous bolus dose of esmolol ( 0.5 mg/kg ) . were recorded pre - and post-esmolol and first dose exposure to 10 mg , 20 mg , and 80 mg of propranolol . was given concurrently with propranolol . was reflected as a fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV1 ) or increase in total airway resistance at 5 Hz ( R5 ) . patients completed the trial . were no adverse effects on FEV1 % or R5 % following intravenous esmolol . were significant reductions at 2 min post-esmolol in heart rate ( -4.7 beats/min ( bpm ) , 95 % CI -7.9 to -1.3 bpm ; p = 0.002 ) and systolic blood pressure ( -5.9 mm Hg , 95 % CI -11.4 to -0.4 mm Hg ; p = 0.03 ) . bronchoconstriction was seen during up titration following the first dose of 10 mg , 20 mg or 80 mg of propranolol in the presence of tiotropium . difference in the asthma control questionnaire at 80 mg propranolol was seen versus placebo in the presence of tiotropium . esmolol was administered without any adverse effects on pulmonary function in selected , stable , mild-to-moderate asthmatics controlled on inhaled corticosteroids . prevented propranolol induced bronchoconstriction after acute dosing during up-titration to 80 mg with no adverse impact on asthma control ."
2894,Abstract #2894,"with complete dentures more occasionally neglect their denture and oral health by improper maintenance of dentures , resulting in bad oral and denture hygiene . may lead to a host of multiple local and systemic problems such as stomatitis , bacterial and fungal infections , reservoirs for distant infections , denture stains and bad breath . denture wearers maintain their dentures with simple manual cleansing methods , which are not adequate to effectively sanitize the reservoir of microorganisms inhabiting the denture surfaces . aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the use of a denture cleanser and compare it with an adjunct use of chlorhexidine mouth rinse along with the denture cleanser and possibly suggest it as a suitable protocol . groups of complete denture patients were selected for the study . total number of patients in each group was 12 and the total period of the study was 21 days . sets of microbiological samples were collected from each patient : before the start of the study , on day 8 and on day 21 of the study . first sample was collected after an initial washover period ( 7 days ) with plain water before the start of the study and the second set after 1 week of study initiation , where group-1 followed protocol-I ( denture cleanser only ) and group-2 followed protocol-II ( denture cleanser and mouth rinse ) . second washout period of 7 days followed and a crossover of the protocol was performed for the groups and followed for 1 week . , a third set of samples were collected . colony-forming units were calculated for each patient for each sample and statistically analyzed . test for non-parametric analysis was employed for the comparison within the groups and a Mann-Whitney test was used for the statistical comparison between the groups . was a definite reduction in the bacterial numbers and a significant statistical difference after administering the protocols in both the groups ( P < 0.001 ) . , there was little significance on comparing the samples between the groups ( P = 0.026 ) in the initial study period , and there was no statistical significance when comparing the groups after the crossover ( P = 0.140 ) . use of denture cleansers definitely reduced the microbial numbers as compared to plain manual cleansing methods in complete dentures . there was a substantial decrease in the bacterial colonies after the use of the mouthwash , it was not statistically significant ."
2895,Abstract #2895,"evaluate and compare levels of patient discomfort and perioperative complications during phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens under topical lidocaine hydrochloride and retrobulbar anesthesia in patients with cataract who also had exfoliation syndrome , uveitis , posterior synechia , phacodonesis , or previous intraocular surgery . prospective , randomized , controlled trial was carried out at 2 institutions . total of 476 eyes of 476 patients with various well-established risk factors fulfilled the inclusion criteria . 238 eyes , phacoemulsification was performed under retrobulbar anesthesia , while the other 238 eyes received topical anesthesia . patients underwent temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens . under retrobulbar anesthesia received a single injection ( 3.5-5 .5 mL ) of a combination of 0.75 % bupivacaine hydrochloride , 2 % lidocaine , and hyaluronidase into the retrobulbar space . in the topical anesthesia group received a minimum of 5 doses ( approximately 40 microL per dose ) of 2 % topical lidocaine . intracameral injection of any anesthetic was given . number of complications and adverse events . intraoperative conditions were judged by the surgeon ( P.C.J. or F.K. J. ) , and a 10-point visual analog scale was used immediately after surgery to assess each patient 's overall severity of intraoperative pain . overall intraoperative complication rate was 1.9 % for capsular tear , 3.8 % for zonular tear , 1.5 % for vitreous loss , and 1.0 % for iris prolapse . from the incidence of vitreous loss , which was significantly ( P = .041 ) lower in the topical anesthesia group , no statistically significant differences in intraoperative and early postoperative complications were found between the groups . supplemental posterior sub-Tenon space injection was required in 1.3 % of the topical anesthesia group and in 0.8 % of the retrobulbar anesthesia group . ( 2.5 % ) , subconjunctival hemorrhage ( 1.7 % ) , and periorbital hematoma ( 0.8 % ) were seen only in the retrobulbar anesthesia group . mean + SE pain scores estimated by the patients were 0.84 + 1.30 in the topical anesthesia group and 0.73 + 1.50 in the retrobulbar anesthesia group ( P = .41 ) . preference for topical anesthesia ( 91 % ) appeared to be significantly ( P = .01 ) higher than for retrobulbar anesthesia ( 62 % ) . surgeons found anesthesia-related intraoperative difficulty to be slightly lower in the retrobulbar anesthesia group ( 8 % ) than in the topical anesthesia group ( 14 % ) . complications and patient discomfort were similar for the 2 methods of anesthesia . anesthesia is justified as a means of improving safety without causing discomfort to the patient even in complicated cases of cataract surgery . Ophthalmol . ; 118:1037 -1043"
2896,Abstract #2896,"elucidate the relationship between regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) and changes of coronary flow reserve ( CFR ) . essential hypertensive patients with LVH were randomly divided into 3 groups : ramipril group , losartan group , and combination group . the treatment and 6 months after the treatment , left ventricular mass ( LVM ) was calculated by three-dimensional echocardiography and CFR was evaluated by transesophageal echocardiography with left anterior descending artery . was calculated as the ratio of coronary flow velocity , after intravenous injection of dipyridamole ( D ) , to rest peak velocity ( R ) . the indexes of the CFR were corrected by LVM . 1 ) The systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) and LVM were significantly decreased in ramipril group , losartan group and combination group after 6 months treatment ( all P < 0.01 ) . flow velocity integral was used as one representative index of CFR . with baseline values , the diastolic flow velocity intergral corrected by LVM ( D/R DVi ( C ) ) was significantly increased in ramipril group , losartan group and combination group ( 1.83 + / - 0.61 vs 1.57 + / - 0.58 , P < 0.05 ; 1.94 + / - 0.45 vs 1.53 + / - 0.64 , P < 0.01 ; 2.03 + / - 0.38 vs 1.49 + / - 0.34 , P < 0.01 ) . 3 ) The changes of D/R DVi ( C ) showed a positive correlation with the changes of LVM ( r = 0.579 , P < 0.05 ) and no significant correlation with the decrease of blood pressure ( r = 0.288 and 0.295 , both P > 0.05 ) . , losartan and combination of these two drugs all reduce blood pressure and LVH , and increases CFR . corrected by LVM may help assess drug 's effect on CFR . of CFR is associated with the regression of hypertensive LVH ."
2897,Abstract #2897,", randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover design . examine the effects of static magnets on resting forearm blood flow and vascular resistance . little scientific evidence indicating benefits of wearing static magnets , recent reports have indicated a dramatic increase in the usage of magnets to treat a variety of medical conditions . manufacturers have proposed that one mechanism for pain reduction involves magnet-related blood flow alterations to the affected area . young , healthy men ( mean age + / - SD = 25 + / - 2 years ) wore commercially available static magnets and placebos for 30 minutes on 2 separate occasions . forearm blood flow was assessed in triplicate at minutes 10 , 20 , and 30 , using venous occlusion plethysmography . vascular resistance was estimated by dividing mean arterial pressure by blood flow . average blood flow over the 30-minute measurement period was not significantly different between the magnet and placebo sessions ( mean + / - SD for magnet session = 1.40 + / - 0.63 ml blood x 100 ml tissue ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ; mean + / - SD for placebo session = 1.36 + / - 0.46 ml blood x 100 ml tissue ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ; P = 0.66 ) . flow measurements at minutes 10 , 20 , and 30 were also not significantly different between the magnet and placebo sessions , and forearm vascular resistance was not different between the magnet and placebo sessions at any time ( P > 0.05 ) . to static magnets for up to 30 minutes had the same effect on resting forearm blood flow and vascular resistance as placebo magnets . data suggest that static magnets do not result in significant alterations in resting blood flow ."
2898,Abstract #2898,", complex carbohydrates and lean protein diets are used to combat obesity , although it 's unknown whether more frequent meals may improve this response . effects of consuming traditional ( ~ 15 % ) versus higher ( ~ 35 % ) protein intakes as three or six meals/day on abdominal fat , postprandial thermogenesis ( TEM ) , and cardiometabolic biomarkers in overweight individuals during 28 days of energy balance ( BAL ) and deficit ( NEG ) , respectively were compared . individuals ( n = 30 ) were randomized into three groups : two high-protein groups ( 35 % of energy ) consumed as three ( HP3 ) or six ( HP6 ) meals/day and one group consumed three meals/day of a traditional intake ( TD3 ) . a 5-day baseline control ( CON ) , subjects consumed their respective diets throughout a 56-day intervention consisting of two , 28 day phases : a BAL followed by a NEG phase ( 75 % of energy needs ) . body fat ( BF ) and abdominal BF ( ABF ) , body weight ( BW ) , TEM , and fasting biomarkers were assessed at the end of CON , BAL , and NEG phases . remained stable throughout CON and BAL in all groups , whereas BF ( P < 0.001 ) and ABF ( P < 0.01 ) decreased in HP groups and lean body mass ( LBM ) and leptin increased in HP6 . NEG , BW decreased in all groups . , ABF , and leptin decreased in HP groups ; LBM remained higher ( P < 0.05 ) , and TEM was highest in HP6 ( P < 0.05 ) . increased protein ( 35 % ) more frequently ( 6 ) throughout the day decreases BF and ABF , increases LBM and TEM , and favorably affects adipokines more than current recommendations for macronutrients consumed over three meals/day in overweight individuals during both BAL and NEG ."
2899,Abstract #2899,"technologies could facilitate changes in lifestyle and improve public health . , no large randomized , controlled studies providing scientific evidence of the benefits of their use have been made . aims of this study are to develop and validate a smartphone application , and to evaluate the effect of adding this tool to a standardized intervention designed to improve adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to physical activity . evaluation is also made of the effect of modifying habits upon vascular structure and function , and therefore on arterial aging . randomized , double-blind , multicenter , parallel group clinical trial will be carried out . total of 1215 subjects under 70years of age from the EVIDENT trial will be included . common to both groups ( control and intervention ) will be provided on adaptation to the Mediterranean diet and on physical activity . intervention group moreover will receive training on the use of a smartphone application designed to promote a healthy diet and increased physical activity , and will use the application for three months . main study endpoints will be the changes in physical activity , assessed by accelerometer and the 7-day Physical Activity Recall ( PAR ) interview , and adaptation to the Mediterranean diet , as evaluated by an adherence questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire ( FFQ ) . also will be made of vascular structure and function based on central arterial pressure , the radial augmentation index , pulse velocity , the cardio-ankle vascular index , and carotid intima-media thickness . that the new technologies are useful for promoting healthier lifestyles and that their effects are beneficial in terms of arterial aging will have important clinical implications , and may contribute to generalize their application in favor of improved population health . Trials.gov Identifier : NCT02016014 ."
2900,Abstract #2900,"study examines the relationship between parents ' knowledge of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and opinions of treatment and their impact on enrolment in and adherence to both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for children with ADHD . in the study were the parents of 81 children who reached diagnostic criteria for ADHD and who were referred to a treatment study of ADHD involving stimulant medication and parent groups . mothers completed a modified version of the ADHD Knowledge and Opinion Scale ( AKOS ) prior to receiving diagnostic feedback and prior to the families ' decisions to participate in a 12-month randomized trial ( medication [ methylphenidate or placebo ] and parent groups [ training or support ] ) . enrolment and adherence were monitored over the 12-month trial , and families who remained in the study at 12 months completed another modified AKOS . higher level of knowledge of ADHD was found to be related to more favourable opinions of parent groups but not of medication . , parents who were more knowledgeable about ADHD were more likely to enroll in both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments . to pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments was not predicted by parental knowledge of ADHD or opinions of the treatment . ' knowledge of ADHD and opinions of treatments play a significant role in enrollment in treatments for their children with ADHD . information to parents regarding ADHD prior to offering treatment modalities could have a favourable impact on treatment enrollment and hence treatment adherence ."
2901,Abstract #2901,"determine if the Trillium Biopassive Surface ( Medtronic Cardiopulmonary , Minneapolis , MN ) coating added to the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator reduces inflammatory mediators , blood loss , and transfusion requirements . , randomized , and blinded human trial . care academic medical center . adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery . received visually identical coated or uncoated oxygenators . , hematocrit , leukocyte count , platelet count , terminal complement complex , complement activation , myeloperoxidase , beta-thromboglobulin , prothrombin fragment 1.2 , plasmin-antiplasmin , heparin concentration , activated coagulation time , and fibrinogen concentration were measured . loss and blood product usage were recorded . both groups , there were significant inflammatory alterations with the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass . the postprotamine samples , the coated oxygenator group had small but significant increases in hemoglobin , hematocrit , and leukocyte count . were no differences in inflammatory mediators , blood loss , or transfusion requirements between the coated and uncoated groups . human trial of Trillium Biopassive Surface-coated oxygenators did not show clinical benefits or clinically important biochemical results ."
2902,Abstract #2902,"experimental studies have indicated that blood cardioplegia may be superior to crystalloid cardioplegia for myocardial protection , clinical data still remain uncertain . a previous randomised study from our institution , including 1440 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) , no beneficial effects of blood cardioplegia were seen in any relevant outcome variables . investigation was therefore extended to a patient population having longer pump times and ischaemic periods . a 48-month period , all patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with or without CABG performed by two surgeons , were prospectively randomised to receive either intermittent cold retrograde blood cardioplegia ( group B ) or intermittent cold retrograde crystalloid cardioplegia ( group C ) during aortic cross-clamping . total of 345 patients aged 28-90 years ( median , 72 years ) entered the study ( group B , n = 172 , group C , n = 173 ) . relevant demographic and operative variables were similar for both groups . for the clinical course , no statistically significant differences were seen concerning spontaneous sinus rhythm after aortic declamping , use of inotropic drugs , duration of ventilatory support , bleeding and rate of allogeneic blood transfusions , perioperative myocardial infarction , episodes of atrial fibrillation , stroke or minor neurological dysfunction , renal function , infections , physical rehabilitation or mortality . , in the patients with the longest ischaemic times , no statistically significant differences between the groups could be demonstrated . were no indications that retrograde cold blood cardioplegia was superior to retrograde cold crystalloid cardioplegia patients undergoing aortic valve replacement , with or without CABG ."
2903,Abstract #2903,"evaluate the effect of feeding infants a soy-based formula with lactose compared with a soy-based formula with sucrose during an acute diarrheal episode . hundred boys , aged 3 to 18 months , who were admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea and signs of dehydration were randomly assigned to receive a soy-based formula with lactose or sucrose after initial rehydration . and output ( stool , urine , and vomit ) were measured and recorded every 3 hours until diarrhea resolved . stool output during the first 24 hours of maintenance therapy , the total stool output during maintenance therapy , and the stool output during the entire illness ( measured in grams per kilograms ) were significantly lower among patients who received the soy-based formula with sucrose ( P < .05 , P < .001 , and P < .001 , respectively ) than among patients who received the soy-based formula with lactose . duration of diarrhea was significantly shorter among patients who received the soy-based formula with sucrose ( P < .001 ) . relative risk of being withdrawn from the study increased to 1.95 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.65-9 .2 ) and the relative risk of recurrence of dehydration after feeding was initiated increased significantly to 3.49 ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.1-9 .6 ; P < .01 ) in the group receiving the soy-based formula with lactose . diarrheal episodes , feeding infants a soy-based formula with sucrose has a better outcome ( lower stool output , shorter duration of diarrhea , and lower failure rates ) than feeding infants a soy-based formula with lactose ."
2904,Abstract #2904,"this prospective , randomized , double-blind trial we investigated the use of stimulating catheters in patients during and after shoulder surgery ; functional improvement being the primary outcome measurement . eliciting an adequate muscular twitch at < or = 0.5 mA nerve stimulation output , the perineural catheter was advanced either blindly ( conventional catheter = CC group , n = 20 ) or guided by stimulation via the catheter ( stimulating catheter = SC group , n = 20 ) . bolus of 40 mL prilocaine 1 % and 10 mL ropivacaine 0.75 % was injected , followed by a patient-controlled infusion of ropivacaine 0.2 % ( 8 mL/h infusion rate , bolus 2 mL , lockout time 20 min ) . of motor block was faster in the SC group , whereas sensory block did not differ between groups . pain scores on two postoperative days were equal . of the objective shoulder function score ( Constant Murley Score ) 6 wk postoperatively was enhanced to a clinically relevant extent in the SC group compared to the CC group ( P < 0.01 ) . conclude that the use of a stimulating catheter results in a faster onset of motor block , unaltered postoperative pain , and a significantly improved functional outcome 6 wk after shoulder surgery ."
2905,Abstract #2905,"for simulation early in cardiothoracic surgery training is growing , yet evidence demonstrating its utility is limited . examined the effect of supervised and unsupervised training on coronary anastomosis performance in a randomized trial among medical students . medical students were recruited for this single-blinded , randomized controlled trial using a low-fidelity simulator . viewing an instructional video , all participants attempted an anastomosis . , the participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups : control ( n = 15 ) , unsupervised training ( n = 15 ) , or supervised training with a cardiothoracic surgeon or fellow ( n = 15 ) . the supervised and unsupervised groups practiced for 1 hour per week . 4 weeks , the participants repeated the anastomosis . pre - and posttraining performances were videotaped and rated independently by 3 cardiothoracic surgeons blinded to the randomization . raters scored 13 assessment items on a 1 to 5 ( low-high ) scale along with an overall pass/fail rating . the training period , all 3 groups showed significant improvements in composite scores ( control : +0.52 0.69 [ P = .014 ] , unsupervised : +1.05 0.48 [ P < .001 ] , and supervised : +1.10 0.84 [ P < .001 ] ) . with control group , both supervised ( P = .005 ) and unsupervised trainees ( P = .005 ) demonstrated a significant improvement . the supervised and unsupervised groups there were no statistically significant differences in composite scores . on low-fidelity simulators enabled trainees to improve on a broad range of skills ; however , the additional effect of attending-level supervision is limited . an era of increasing staff surgeon responsibilities , unsupervised practice may be sufficient for inexperienced trainees ."
2906,Abstract #2906,"estimate the oxidative stress and oxidative damage induced by abnormal free radical reactions in IgA nephropathy ( IgAN ) patients ' bodies . IgA N patients ( IgANP ) and 72 healthy adult volunteers ( HAV ) were enrolled in a random control study design , in which the levels of nitric oxide ( NO ) in plasma , lipoperoxide ( LPO ) in plasma and in erythrocytes , and vitamin C ( VC ) , vitamin E ( VE ) and beta-carotene ( beta-CAR ) in plasma as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , catalase ( CAT ) and glutathione peroxidase ( GPX ) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric methods . with the HAV group , the averages of NO in plasma , and LPO in plasma and in erythrocytes in the IgANP group were significantly increased ( P < 0.0001 ) , while those of VC , VE and beta-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD , CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the IgANP group were significantly decreased ( P < 0.0001 ) . correlation analysis showed that with the increase of the values of NO , and LPO in plasma and in erythrocytes , and with the decrease of those of VC , VE , beta-CAR , SOD , CAT and GPX in the IgAN patients , the degree of histological damage of tubulointerstitial regions was increased gradually ( P < 0.0001 ) ; and that with the prolongation of the duration of disease the values of NO , and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes were increased gradually , while those of VC , VE , beta-CAR , SOD , CAT and GPX were decreased gradually ( P < 0.005 ) . discriminatory correct rates of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damage of the IgAN patients were 73.8 % -92.5 % , and the correct rates for the HAV were 70.0 % -91.3 % when independent discriminant analysis was used ; and the correct rate for the IgAN patients was increased to 98.8 % , the correct rate for the HAV was increased to 100 % when stepwise discriminant analysis was used . above biochemical parameters ' reliability coefficient ( alpha ) were used to estimate the oxidative damage of the IgAN patients as 0.8145 , the standardized item alpha = 0.9730 , F = 53273.5681 , P < 0.0001 . series of free radical chain reactions caused serious pathological aggravation in the IgANP ' bodies , thus resulting in oxidative damage in their bodies . treating IgANP , therefore , it is necessary that suitable dose antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate the oxidative damage in their bodies ."
2907,Abstract #2907,"ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential ( oVEMP ) test yields the same information as the rotational test in sleep-deprived subjects as evidenced by increased vestibulo-ocular reflex ( VOR ) asymmetry . , the duration of sleep deprivation ( 12 h ) and testing time required for the oVEMP test are shorter than for the rotational test . study utilized the oVEMP test in sleep-deprived subjects to investigate the effect of short-duration sleep deprivation on the VOR system . healthy resident physicians underwent oVEMP and cervical VEMP ( cVEMP ) tests twice in a randomized order ; one test battery was performed after a normal sleep , and the other was performed after a night duty at the emergency service , which meant a state of 12 h sleep deprivation . 20 subjects had clear oVEMPs regardless of whether testing was performed after a normal sleep or 12 h sleep deprivation condition . differences were not identified between the two sleep conditions in terms of characteristic parameters , i.e. latencies and amplitude of oVEMPs . , the mean asymmetry ratio after sleep deprivation ( 20 13 % ) was significantly larger than that after normal sleep ( 8 12 % ) . , the cVEMP parameters did not differ significantly between the two sleep conditions ."
2908,Abstract #2908,"determine the bond strengths promoted by an adhesive system to human , bovine , and porcine enamel and dentin , and compare their etched micromorphology by scanning electron microscopy . sound freshly extracted teeth were used in this study : ten human third molars , ten bovine incisors , and ten porcine molars . crowns of human ( H ) , bovine ( B ) , and porcine ( P ) teeth were ground with 600-grit SiC paper to expose either enamel ( E ) or mid-depth dentin ( D ) surfaces . application of the adhesive resin , composite crowns approximately 8 mm high were built up with TPH Spectrum composite . 24 h of water storage , specimens were serially sectioned in the buccal-lingual direction to obtain 0.8 mm slabs , which were trimmed to an hourglass shape of approximately 0.8 mm2 at the bonded interface . were tested in tension in a universal testing machine ( 0.5 mm/min ) . were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey 's test at the 95 % confidence level . 's test showed significant differences between bond strengths obtained on enamel and dentin ( p < 0.05 ) . , there were no statistically significant differences in microTBS between human , bovine , and porcine teeth . observations revealed a similar dentinal morphology for the three species . , porcine enamel specimens presented a very different distribution of enamel prisms . teeth proved to be possible substitutes for human teeth in either dentin or enamel bond testing . , even though porcine teeth provided enamel and dentin bond strengths similar to human and bovine teeth , enamel morphology presented a very different configuration ."
2909,Abstract #2909,"loss is common among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck ( SCCHN ) and is mainly due to tumor and treatment related factors . aim of the present study was to evaluate weight loss in patients with SCCHN undergoing two different radiotherapy ( RT ) schedules . data were analyzed from the ARTSCAN study , a controlled randomized prospective Swedish multicenter study conducted with the aim of comparing conventional fractionation ( 2.0 Gy per day , total 68 Gy during 7 weeks ) and accelerated fractionation ( 1.1 + 2.0 Gy per day , total 68 Gy during 4.5 weeks ) . hundred and fifty patients were randomized and 712 patients were followed from the start of RT in the present nutritional study . patients had a weight loss of 11.3 % ( 8.6 % ) during the acute phase ( start of RT up to five months after the termination of RT ) . difference in weight loss was seen between the two RT fractionation schedules ( p = 0.839 ) . factors were significantly predictive for weight loss during the acute phase , i.e. tumor site , overweight/obesity or lack of tube feeding at the start of RT. . , the nadir point of weight loss occurred at five months after the termination of RT. . results of the present study showed no difference in weight loss between the two RT fractionation schedules and also highlight that weight loss in SCCHN is a multifactorial problem . , the nadir of weight loss occurred at five months after the termination of treatment which calls for more intense nutritional interventions during the period after treatment ."
2910,Abstract #2910,"compare a solution of 3 % dextran-60 ( D60 ) in Ringer 's lactate ( RL ) with RL alone as maintenance fluids for abdominal aortic surgery . control trial of 20 consecutive patients undergoing elective aortic reconstructive surgery . surgical ICU in a university hospital . patients , mean age 64 yr . patients had abdominal aneurysm , 12 had aortic obstruction disease , and three had aortic renal bypass surgery . patients were followed for 1 month . artery occlusion pressure of at least 10 mm Hg and a urine output greater than 30 mL/h were used to guide the intraoperative fluid infusion rates , which were 36 and 104 mL/kg of D60 and RL , respectively ( ratio 1:2.9 ) . weight at 24 hr had increased more with RL ( 7.8 kg ) than with D60 ( 3.2 kg ) infusion ( p less than .01 ) , despite intraoperative urine volumes of 151 and 92 mg/kg with RL and D60 , respectively . intravascular albumin decreased from 0.7 g/kg ( 1.4 to 0.7 g/kg ) in both groups , corresponding to a plasma volume ( PV ) loss of 13 mg/kg without fluid infusions . total intravascular dextran of 0.5 g/kg resulted in a PV expansion at 1 hr of 4.4 mL/kg above preoperative level , in sharp contrast to 7.0 mL/kg decrease in PV with RL . the intraoperative 3 % D60 and RL infused , an estimated 51 % D60 and 6 % RL remained as PV expansion at 1 hr . diluted colloid solution in Ringer 's lactate is of significant value in maintaining intravascular volumes and hemodynamics during and after major operative procedures ."
2911,Abstract #2911,"knee design with a ball-and-socket articulation of the medial compartment has a femoral rollback profile similar to the native knee . to a conventional , posterior-stabilized knee design , it provides AP stability throughout the entire ROM . , it is unclear whether this design difference translates to clinical and functional improvement . asked whether the medially conforming ball-and-socket design differences would be associated with ( 1 ) improved ROM ; and ( 2 ) improved American Knee Society , WOMAC , Oxford Knee , SF-36 , and Total Knee Function Questionnaire scores compared to a conventional , fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized TKA . enrolled 82 patients in a single-center , single-blinded , randomized , controlled trial comparing the medially conforming ball-and-socket design knee prosthesis to a posterior-stabilized total knee prosthesis . primary end point was ROM . secondary end points were American Knee Society , WOMAC , Oxford Knee , SF-36 , and Total Knee Function Questionnaire scores . patients were followed at 1 and 2 years . mean ROM was 100.1 and 114.9 in the posterior-stabilized and medially conforming ball-and-socket groups , respectively . physical component scores of SF-36 and Total Knee Function Questionnaire were better in the medially conforming ball-and-socket group . found no difference in American Knee Society , WOMAC , and Oxford Knee scores . implant designs similarly relieved pain and improved function . medially conforming ball-and-socket articulation provided better high-end function as reflected by the Total Knee Function Questionnaire . I , therapeutic study . Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence ."
2912,Abstract #2912,"purpose of this study was to identify exercise protocols incorporating isometric contractions that provide pain relief in women with fibromyalgia . before-after trial . physical therapy department in an academic setting . women ( mean SD , 5211y ) with fibromyalgia . completed 4 sessions : 1 familiarization and 3 experimental . following randomized experimental sessions involved the performance of isometric contractions with the elbow flexor muscles that varied in intensity and duration : ( 1 ) 3 maximal voluntary contractions ( MVCs ) , ( 2 ) 25 % MVC held to task failure , and ( 3 ) 25 % MVC held for 2 minutes . pain ( pain threshold and pain rating ) , Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire , and fibromyalgia pain intensity ( visual analog scale ) . all 3 isometric contractions , there was considerable variability between subjects in the pain response . on the changes in experimental pain , subjects were divided into 3 groups ( increase , decrease , no change in pain ) . regression analysis revealed that age , baseline experimental pain , and change in fibromyalgia pain intensity were significant predictors of the experimental pain response after the isometric contractions . identified subgroups of women with fibromyalgia based on how they perceived pain after isometric contractions . greatest pain relief for women with fibromyalgia occurred at a younger age and in women with the greatest experimental pain before exercise . , we established a link between experimental and clinical pain relief after the performance of isometric contractions ."
2913,Abstract #2913,"the use of systemic antibiotics has been studied in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis ( formerly rapidly progressive periodontitis ) , the use of adjunctive tetracycline fibers in these patients has not been reported . purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical response of local versus systemic antibiotic treatment as adjuncts to scaling and root planing in patients with GAgP . initial therapy and full-mouth scaling and root planing ( SRP ) , 30 patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 antibiotic treatment groups . depth ( PD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , and bleeding on probing ( BOP ) were recorded with an automated probe prior to SRP at baseline ( BL ) and 15 , 30 , 41 , and 54 weeks later . months after SRP , the patients were treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid ( 500 mg tid ; SRP + AUG group ) or with local tetracycline fiber in pockets with PD > or = 5 mm ( SRP + TCF group ) . both treatment groups , PD decreased significantly from BL to week 54 ( 6.2 + / -1.5 mm to 4.7 + / -1.4 mm for SRP + TCF and 6.5 + / -1.4 mm to 4.2 + / -0.6 mm for SRP + AUG ) . , there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in pocket reduction . , in both treatment groups , there were small but significant gains in CAL from BL to week 54 ( 12.0 + / -1.8 mm to 11.3 + / -1.8 mm for SRP + TCF and 12.3 + / -1.5 mm to 11.2 + / -1.2 mm for SRP + AUG ) . difference in CAL gain between the 2 groups was not statistically significant . the final examination , both groups showed significant PD reduction and CAL gain ( P < 0.001 ) compared to BL . frequency and percentage of bleeding sites decreased significantly in both groups . week 54 , this decrease was significantly greater in the SRP + AUG group ( 31.67 % for SRP + TCF versus 3.85 % for SRP + AUG ) . results indicate that the local delivery of tetracycline by a fiber or the systemic administration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid given 3 months after scaling and root planing produced similar clinical outcomes over the 9-month observation period ."
2914,Abstract #2914,"impact of gender and violence on brief interventions ( BIs ) for alcohol use in the emergency department ( ED ) has not been studied . objective was to examine the effectiveness of alcohol BIs in an ED population stratified by gender and violence . was a secondary analysis of datasets pooled from three ED-based randomized controlled studies of alcohol BIs . was the primary outcome measure ; secondary outcomes were binge drinking and achievement of NIAAA safe drinking levels . conducted univariate comparisons and developed generalized linear models ( GLM ) for the primary outcome and generalized estimating equation ( GEE ) models for secondary outcomes to examine the intervention effect on the whole study group , gender-stratified subgroups , and gender - and violence-stratified subgroups . 1219 participants enrolled , 30 % were female ; 31 % of women and 42 % of men reported violence involvement at baseline . univariate analysis , no differences in outcomes were found between intervention and control groups for any subgroup . , in multivariable models , men demonstrated an intervention effect for likelihood of safe drinking limits . further by violence , only men without violence involvement demonstrated a positive intervention effect for safe drinking limits . was no evidence of an intervention effect on women . the overall effect of ED-based BI may mask its ability to improve alcohol-related outcomes in a subset of the population . , interventions may need to be significantly improved in subsets of the ED population , e.g. , in women and in men with involvement in violence ."
2915,Abstract #2915,"analyze whether the use of a hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium ( HETM ) increases rates of implantation ( IRs ) and clinical pregnancy ( CPRs ) , compared with the use of a conventional transfer medium after day 3 and day 5 embryo transfers . randomized controlled trial . assisted reproduction program in a private tertiary-care hospital in Turkey . total of 1,282 consecutive fresh embryo transfer cycles ( 825 day 3 and 457 day 5 ) were randomly allocated into two groups . 639 women , ET was effected with HETM , and in 643 , it was effected with a conventional embryo transfer medium . transfer using HETM or conventional embryo transfer medium . pregnancy rates and IRs were compared with regard to day of embryo transfer , women 's age , quality of the transferred embryos , and presence of previous implantation failures . CPRs and IRs significantly increased with the use of HETM ( CPR : 54.6 % vs. 48.5 % , odds ratio : 1.28 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.03-1 .59 ; IR : 32 % vs. 25 % , odds ratio : 1.43 , 95 % confidence interval : 1.23-1 .66 , for HETM and control groups , respectively ) . number needed to treat ( NNT ) for one additional pregnancy with routine use of HETM was 17 . beneficial effect was more prominent in women who were > 35 years of age ( NNT = 7 ) , in women who had previous failed cycles ( NNT = 7 ) , and in women who had poor-quality embryos ( NNT = 8 ) . enrichment of transfer medium with hyaluronan increases CPRs and IRs , both for day 3 and day 5 embryo transfers . beneficial effect was most evident in women who were > 35 years of age , in women who had only poor-quality embryos available for transfer , and in women who had previous implantation failures ."
2916,Abstract #2916,"December 1988 through December 1992 , the Children 's Cancer Group ( CCG ) conducted a randomized trial ( CCG-1881 ) designed to evaluate the impact of adding a single delayed intensification phase of therapy to standard therapy for patients with newly diagnosed low-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) . ( n = 778 ) with newly diagnosed ALL , 2 to 9 years of age at diagnosis with an initial WBC count less than 10,000 / microL , were eligible for this protocol . patients received induction , consolidation , and interim maintenance phases of therapy over the first 16 weeks . week 16 , patients remaining in remission were randomly assigned to receive or not receive a single 7-week delayed intensification ( DI ) phase of therapy . therapy was given in lieu of or after DI , with total duration of therapy approximately 3 years for boys and 2 years for girls . randomized to receive DI experienced fewer relapse events in all categories . life-table estimates for continuous complete remission ( CCR ) at 7 years for the randomized regimens were 77 % ( SE , 2.4 % ) for the standard regimen and 83 % ( SE , 2.7 % ) for the DI regimen ( P = .072 ) . only prognostic factor of significance post-randomization in this selected low-risk population was the day 14 marrow response ( P = .0001 ) . addition of a single DI phase of therapy was well tolerated and augmented 7-year CCR by 6 % ( SE of the difference , 3.3 % ) , resulting in 26 % fewer adverse events . survival for eligible patients at 7 years is 90 % ( SE , 1.2 % ) ."
2917,Abstract #2917,"determine whether epidural administration of meperidine through a system affording patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) is appropriate for postoperative pain . prospective double-blind study of 30 patients undergoing high abdominal surgery randomly into two groups . surgery with the same type of general anesthesia for both groups , group A received epidural meperidine through a PCA pump ( initial boluses of 50 mg + infusion of 10 mg/h with additional doses of 25 mg upon patient demand and closure time of 90 min ) . group B received 0.9 % saline serum through an epidural PCA system with identical perfusion characteristics . patients had access to additional analgesia with subcutaneous meperidine ( 1 mg/kg weight ) . was a wide interindividual variation in meperidine consumption in group A , with a mean total dose of 301.4 + / - 73 mg in 24 hours and no patient requiring additional subcutaneous meperidine . meperidine required in group B reached 273 + / - 65.8 mg in 24 hours , with no significant differences between groups A and B for total dose given . side effects inherent to the technique were found . control of pain was achieved for all patients receiving epidural meperidine . administered PCA with meperidine affords better pain relief with greater patient satisfaction than the same amount of drug given subcutaneously in successive doses upon patient request ."
2918,Abstract #2918,"is the standard surgical procedure for management of glaucoma . compare the outcome of triangular and rectangular scleral flaps in trabeculectomy . study was carried out in the Department ofOphthalmology , BPKIHS , Dharan , over a period of one year . total of 22 patients undergoing trabeculectomy were randomized to undergo either trabeculectomy with triangular scleral flap ( Group A = 11 eyes ) or trabeculectomy with rectangular flap ( Group B = 11 eyes ) . parameters studied were intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , anterior chamber depth ( ACD ) , bleb characteristics and surgical complications . value of < 0.05 was considered significant . calculations were executed using SPSS 11.0 software program . age ranged between 40 to 76 years with the mean of 56.5 + / - 9.25 years . most common preoperative diagnosis was angle closure glaucoma . postoperative percentage of IOP reduction ( Group A = 68.9 % ; Group B = 66.51 % ) was statically significant in both the groups ( p = 0.001 ) . was almost equally effective with complete surgical success of 91 % in group A , and 82 % in group B ( p = 0.534 ) . bleb scores were almost similar in both the groups with 3.27 + / - 1.5 in group A and 3.36 + / - 1.21 in group B ( p = 0.877 ) . with the IOP less than 6 mmHg was found in the first post-operative day in 2 patients in Group A and in 1 in Group B. All of them improved spontaneously within a week . triangular and rectangular scleral flaps in trabeculectomy are equally effective in terms of post surgical IOP control , bleb characteristics and complications ."
2919,Abstract #2919,"explore potential differences in efficacy , treatment completion , and adverse events ( AEs ) in elderly women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen or letrozole for five years in the Breast International Group ( BIG ) 1-98 trial . report includes the 4,922 patients allocated to 5 years of letrozole or tamoxifen in the BIG 1-98 trial . median follow-up was 40.4 months . Treatment Effect Pattern Plot ( STEPP ) analysis was used to examine the patterns of differences in disease-free survival and incidences of AEs according to age . addition , three categoric age groups were defined : `` younger postmenopausal '' patients were younger than 65 years ( n = 3,127 ) , `` older '' patients were 65 to 74 years old ( n = 1,500 ) , and `` elderly '' patients were 75 years of age or older ( n = 295 ) . results for subpopulations defined by age were similar to the overall trial results : Letrozole significantly improved disease-free survival ( DFS ) , the primary end point , compared with tamoxifen . patients were less likely to complete trial treatment , but at rates that were similar in the two treatment groups . incidence of bone fractures , observed more often in the letrozole group , did not differ by age . elderly patients , letrozole had a significantly higher incidence of any grade 3 to 5 protocol-specified non-fracture AE compared with tamoxifen ( P = .002 ) , but differences were not significant for thromboembolic or cardiac AEs . treatment with letrozole had superior efficacy ( DFS ) compared with tamoxifen in all age groups . the basis of a small number of patients older than 75 years ( 6 % ) , age per se should not unduly affect the choice of adjuvant endocrine therapy ."
2920,Abstract #2920,"has been reported to have chemopreventive benefits in lung cancer . conducted a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the incidence of second primary tumors ( SPTs ) in patients with resected non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) receiving selenium supplementation . with completely resected stage I NSCLC were randomly assigned to take selenized yeast 200 g versus placebo daily for 48 months . was 6 to 36 months postoperatively and required a negative mediastinal node biopsy , no excessive vitamin intake , normal liver function , negative chest x-ray , and no other evidence of recurrence . first interim analysis in October 2009 , with 46 % of the projected end points accumulated , showed a trend in favor of the placebo group with a low likelihood that the trial would become positive ; thus , the study was stopped . thousand seven hundred seventy-two participants were enrolled , with 1,561 patients randomly assigned . was updated in June 2011 with the maturation of 54 % of the planned end points . hundred fifty-two SPTs ( from 224 patients ) developed , of which 98 ( from 97 patients ) were lung cancer ( 38.9 % ) . and overall SPT incidence were 1.62 and 3.54 per 100 person-years , respectively , for selenium versus 1.30 and 3.39 per 100 person-years , respectively , for placebo ( P = .294 ) . disease-free survival was 74.4 % for selenium recipients versus 79.6 % for placebo recipients . 1 to 2 toxicity occurred in 31 % of selenium recipients and 26 % of placebo recipients , and grade 3 toxicity occurred in less than 2 % of selenium recipients versus 3 % of placebo recipients . was excellent . increase in diabetes mellitus or skin cancer was detected . was safe but conferred no benefit over placebo in the prevention of SPT in patients with resected NSCLC ."
2921,Abstract #2921,"observe the effect of application of a new type of artificial biological dressing and recombinant bull fibroblast growth factor ( rb-FGF2 ) after immersion bath in the treatment of residual infected burn wounds at late postburn stage . patients with residual wounds at late postburn stage were enrolled in the study , and they were randomly divided into A ( n = 28 , experimental ) and B ( n = 28 , control ) groups . treatment with immersion bath , the wounds in group A were treated with semi-exposure method . wound were covered with suitable shape of biological dressings in suitable shape and rb-FGF2 spray twice a day after an immersion bath , and the dressing was changed every other day or every 2 days . compare the treatment effect , the wounds in group B were only treated with a dressing of monolayer gauze wetted with povidone iodine . clinical results , the bacteriological state findings , and the corresponding safety indices were determined 10 days after treatment . wound healing rate , efficacy and the bacterial clearance rate in A group were 64.3 % ,89.3 % ,92.3 % , respectively , and they were obviously higher than those in B group ( 32.1 % , 67.9 % , 72.0 % , respectively , P < 0.01 ) . adverse side-effects were observed in either group . of artificial dermis and bFGF after immersion bath is safe and effective for the elimination of residual wounds at late postburn stage , and it is also beneficial to control wound infection and promote the wound healing ."
2922,Abstract #2922,"purpose of this study was to examine the physiological effects of a weight-loss dietary regimen with or without exercise . overweight men were matched and randomly placed into either a control group ( C ; N = 6 ) or one of three dietary groups ; a diet-only group ( D ; N = 8 ) , a diet group that performed aerobic exercise three times per week ( DE ; N = 11 ) ; and a diet group that performed both aerobic and strength training three times per week ( DES ; N = 10 ) . 12 wk , D , DE , and DES demonstrated a similar and significant ( P < or = 0.05 ) reduction in body mass ( -9.64 , -8.99 , and -9.90 kg , respectively ) with fat mass comprising 69 , 78 , and 97 % of the total loss in body mass , respectively . diet-only group also demonstrated a significant reduction in fat-free mass . strength , as determined by 1-RM testing in the bench press and squat exercise was significantly increased for DES in both the bench press ( +19.6 % ) and squat exercise ( +32.6 % ) . peak O2 consumption was significantly elevated in DE ( +24.8 % ) and DES ( +15.4 % ) . were no differences in performance during a 30-s Wingate test for the DE and DES , whereas D demonstrated a significant decline in peak and mean power output . metabolic rate ( RMR ) ( kcal x d ( -1 ) ) was not significantly different for any of the groups except for the DE group . were no significant changes in basal concentrations of serum glucose , BUN , cortisol , testosterone , and high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol for any of the groups . total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol were significantly decreased for all dietary groups . triglycerides were significantly reduced for D and DES at week 6 and remained lower at week 12 for D , while triglycerides returned to baseline values for DES . data indicate that a weight-loss dietary regimen in conjunction with aerobic and resistance exercise prevents the normal decline in fat-free mass and muscular power and augments body composition , maximal strength , and maximum oxygen consumption compared with weight-loss induced by diet alone ."
2923,Abstract #2923,"report the results of a double-blind , double-dummy , active-control study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine ( LTG ) administered as monotherapy to adult outpatients with partial seizures . effectiveness of LTG as add-on therapy for partial seizures in adults has previously been established . an 8-week baseline during which patients continued their baseline antiepileptic drug ( carbamazepine or phenytoin monotherapy ) , 156 patients were randomly assigned to receive increasing doses of LTG ( target 250 mg b.i.d. ) or valproic acid ( VPA ; target low dose of 500 mg b.i.d. ) during the first 4 weeks of an 8-week transition period . or phenytoin was withdrawn over the next 4 weeks ; then patients entered a 12-week monotherapy period . drug treatment was discontinued in patients who met predetermined escape criteria for seizure worsening . patients receiving LTG were successfully maintained on monotherapy compared with patients receiving VPA ( 56 % versus 20 % ; p < 0.001 ) . time to meet the escape criteria was also significantly longer in LTG-treated patients ( median = 168 days ) than in VPA-treated patients ( median = 57 days ; p = 0.001 ) . incidence of adverse events during the monotherapy period was lower than during the transition period . LTG patients and five VPA patients reported serious adverse events . of those patients experienced a rash that led to withdrawal soon after adding LTG to carbamazepine . conclude that LTG is effective and well tolerated when administered as monotherapy in adult patients with partial seizures ."
2924,Abstract #2924,"is limited information about the effects of beta-blockers in heart failure ( HF ) stratified by blood pressure , especially in the elderly and those with preserved EF . evaluate the effects of nebivolol on outcomes in elderly patients with HF stratified by baseline systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) and EF . SENIORS trial evaluated the effects of nebivolol and enrolled 2128 patients 70 years of age with HF . were divided into three baseline pre-treatment SBP categories ( < 110 , 110-130 , and > 130 mmHg ) . addition , we evaluated the influence of SBP ( 130 and > 130 mmHg ) on patients with LVEF < 40 % vs. 40 % . baseline SBP was associated with worse clinical outcomes irrespective of treatment group , both in patients with reduced EF and in those with preserved EF . had similar benefits irrespective of baseline SBP : the hazard ratio ( HR ) for primary outcome of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization in the three SBP categories for nebivolol vs. placebo was 0.85 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.50-1 .45 ] , 0.79 ( 95 % CI 0.61-1 .01 ) , and 0.88 ( 95 % CI 0.72-1 .07 ) , respectively ( P for interaction = 0.61 ) . results were obtained for the secondary endpoint of all-cause mortality . was no significant interaction for the effects of nebivolol by baseline SBP stratified by LVEF . HF patients with lower SBP have a worse outcome than those with higher SBP , but nebivolol appears to be safe and well tolerated , with similar benefits on the composite outcome of death or cardiovascular hospital admission irrespective of baseline SBP and LVEF ."
2925,Abstract #2925,"aim of this study was to determine whether drug-eluting stents ( DES ) are superior to bare-metal stents ( BMS ) in octogenarian patients with angina . 80 years of age frequently have complex coronary disease warranting DES but have a higher risk of bleeding from prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy . multicenter randomized trial was conducted in 22 centers in the United Kingdom and Spain . 80 years of age underwent stent placement for angina . primary endpoint was a 1-year composite of death , myocardial infarction , cerebrovascular accident , target vessel revascularization , or major hemorrhage . total , 800 patients ( 83.5 3.2 years of age ) were randomized to BMS ( n = 401 ) or DES ( n = 399 ) for treatment of stable angina ( 32 % ) or acute coronary syndrome ( 68 % ) . success did not differ between groups ( 97.7 % for BMS vs. 95.4 % for DES ; p = 0.07 ) . percent of patients had 2-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention , and 66 % underwent complete revascularization . who received BMS had shorter stent implants ( 24.0 13.4 mm vs. 26.6 14.3 mm ; p = 0.01 ) . of dual antiplatelet therapy at 1 year were 32.2 % for patients in the BMS group and 94.0 % for patients in the DES group . primary endpoint occurred in 18.7 % of patients in the BMS group versus 14.3 % of patients in the DES group ( p = 0.09 ) . was no difference in death ( 7.2 % vs. 8.5 % ; p = 0.50 ) , major hemorrhage ( 1.7 % vs. 2.3 % ; p = 0.61 ) , or cerebrovascular accident ( 1.2 % vs. 1.5 % ; p = 0.77 ) . infarction ( 8.7 % vs. 4.3 % ; p = 0.01 ) and target vessel revascularization ( 7.0 % vs. 2.0 % ; p = 0.001 ) occurred more often in patients in the BMS group . and DES offer good clinical outcomes in this age group . were associated with a lower incidence of myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization without increased incidence of major hemorrhage . Xience or Vision Stent-Management of Angina in the Elderly [ XIMA ] ; ISRCTN92243650 ) ."
2926,Abstract #2926,"McIvor blade , a tongue retractor with a thin curved blade , is used to improve the operating field during a tonsillectomy . compared the success rate and incidence of complications between digital insertion and McIvor blade-guided insertion of the laryngeal mask airway ( LMA ) ProSeal when performed by anesthesia residents in children . total of 134 anesthetized non-paralyzed pediatric patients were included in the study . were allocated randomly to one of two groups , i.e. , Digital group ( LMA ProSeal insertion using the digital insertion technique ) or McIvor group ( LMA ProSeal insertion using the Mclvor blade-guided technique ) . patients were managed by anesthesia residents who were unskilled in using each technique . assessed success rates of insertion at the first attempt , insertion time for an effective airway , and postoperative blood staining . success rate of insertion at the first attempt was higher in the McIvor group than in the Digital group ( 97 % vs 78 % , respectively ; P = 0.003 ) , and insertion time with a successful first attempt was shorter in the McIvor group than in the Digital group ( 20.5 [ 4.5 ] sec vs 22.8 [ 6.7 ] sec , respectively ; P = 0.021 ) . overall insertion time for an effective airway was also shorter in the McIvor group than in the Digital group ( 20.9 [ 5.7 ] sec vs 26.0 [ 9.8 ] sec , respectively ; P < 0.001 ) . staining was more frequent in the Digital group than in the McIvor group ( 23 % vs 6 % , respectively ; P = 0.035 ) . inserting the LMA ProSeal in children , anesthesia residents were more successful using the McIvor blade-guided insertion technique than using the digital insertion technique . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01191619 ) ."
2927,Abstract #2927,"aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of individualized developmental care for very low birth weight infants on the amount of sedation used in their treatment . randomized control trial was conducted . infant in the experimental group underwent evaluation weekly , and individualized behaviorally oriented care plans , aimed at reducing stress and promoting self-regulatory behaviors , were prepared and implemented . infants received the usual standard of nursery care . doses of opioids and chloral hydrate were calculated . of illness during the initial hospital stay was stratified with use of the Neonatal Medical Index . ill infants in the treatment group required less chloral hydrate than those in the control group . who were not severely ill received little or no sedation , and among this subgroup treatment and control infants did not differ . speculate that developmentally based care reduces stress levels in severely ill very low birth weight infants and thus decreases sedation requirements ."
2928,Abstract #2928,"test whether combining psyllium mucilloid with half the usual dose of colestipol reduces the adverse effects associated with colestipol and maintains or increases its efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia . strategy might make bile acid sequestrants , which are seldom used because they cause adverse effects such as bloating and constipation , more tolerable and less expensive . randomized , parallel-group , double-blind , controlled trial . outpatient clinic in a tertiary care hospital . patients who had moderate primary hypercholesterolemia ( total cholesterol level > 6 mmol/L and < 8 mmol/L ; triglyceride level < 3 mmol/L ) after following a low-fat diet for 1 year ( National Cholesterol Education Program Step Two diet ) . g of cellulose placebo ; 5 g of colestipol ; 2.5 g of colestipol plus 2.5 g of psyllium ; or 5 g of psyllium three times daily before meals for 10 weeks . baseline and at weeks 4 and 10 , fasting blood lipid levels and apoprotein concentrations were measured and a quality-of-life instrument was completed . combination of 2.5 g of psyllium and 2.5 g of colestipol was better tolerated than and as effective as either 5 g of colestipol alone or 5 g of psyllium alone . combination therapy and colestipol alone did not differ significantly with respect to changes in individual lipid values . ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL ) was reduced by 18.2 % ( 95 % CI , 12.3 % to 24 % ) with the combination therapy ; by 10.6 % ( CI , 2.0 % to 15.4 % ) with colestipol alone ; by 6.1 % ( CI , 1.5 % to 10.6 % ) with psyllium alone ; and by 0.1 % ( CI , -4.8 % to 7 % ) with placebo ( P = 0.0002 ) . therapy reduced the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL significantly more than did colestipol alone or psyllium alone ( P < 0.05 ) . findings suggest that adding psyllium to half the usual dose of bile acid sequestrant resins maintains the efficacy and improves the tolerability of these resins ."
2929,Abstract #2929,"data are available on the effect of the traditional Mediterranean diet ( TMD ) on heart failure biomarkers . assessed the effect of TMD on biomarkers related to heart failure in a high cardiovascular disease risk population . total of 930 subjects at high cardiovascular risk ( 420 men and 510 women ) were recruited in the framework of a multicentre , randomized , controlled , parallel-group clinical trial directed at testing the efficacy of the TMD on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( The PREDIMED Study ) . were assigned to a low-fat diet ( control , n = 310 ) or one of two TMDs [ TMD + virgin olive oil ( VOO ) or TMD + nuts ] . on group assignment , participants received free provision of extra-virgin olive oil , mixed nuts , or small non-food gifts . 1year of intervention , both TMDs decreased plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide , with changes reaching significance vs. control group ( P < 0.05 ) . low-density lipoprotein decreased in both TMD groups ( P < 0.05 ) , the decrease in TMD+VOO group reaching significance vs. changes in control group ( P = 0.003 ) . in lipoprotein ( a ) after TMD+VOO were less than those in the control group ( P = 0.046 ) in which an increase ( P = 0.035 ) was observed . changes were observed in urinary albumin or albumin/creatinine ratio . at high risk of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) who improved their diet toward a TMD pattern reduced their N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide compared with those assigned to a low-fat diet . same was found for in vivo oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein ( a ) plasma concentrations after the TMD+VOO diet . our results TMD could be a useful tool to mitigate against risk factors for heart failure . our results TMD could modify markers of heart failure towards a more protective mode ."
2930,Abstract #2930,"therapy is a commonly used conservative therapy for long-term subacromial pain . , there is no consensus regarding what type of exercises and dosage is most effective . aim of this study was to compare the effect of two exercise programmes : 1 ) high-dosage ( HD ) medical exercise therapy versus 2 ) low-dosage ( LD ) exercise therapy programme for subjects with long-term subacromial pain . study used a randomized , controlled clinical trial with an intention-to-treat analysis . subjects were randomly assigned by concealment either to an HD medical exercise therapy group ( n = 31 ) or to an LD exercise therapy group ( n = 30 ) . ( visual analogue scale [ VAS ] ) and function ( Shoulder Rating Questionnaire [ SRQ ] ) were measured at inclusion , at end of treatment and at 6 and 12 months follow-up . were no differences between groups at inclusion ( baseline ) regarding any variables . the three months treatment period , five subjects ( 8 % ) dropped out , and another seven ( 11 % ) dropped out at one-year follow-up . the end of treatment , both pain and function had improved significantly in favour of the HD therapy , between-group differences in VAS were -2.7 ( -3.9 to 0.9 ) , and for activity limitations , the between-group differences in the SRQ increased by 24.5 points ( 14.5-35 .7 ) . differences between groups were both statistically and clinically significant at 6 and 12 months follow-up . subjects with long-term subacromial pain syndrome , HD medical exercise therapy is superior to a conventional LD exercise programme . clinicians to obtain similar positive results with HD medical exercise therapy , factors such as good communication skills , constant close personal supervision during exercise treatment and having from three to five subjects in a group setting are important ."
2931,Abstract #2931,"analysed baseline measures from an RCT involving adults with low back pain ( LBP ) with or without referred leg pain , to identify self-report items that best identified clinically determined nerve root involvement ( sciatica ) . indicators of nerve root involvement were gathered using a self-reported questionnaire . underwent a standardised physical examination on the same day as questionnaire completion . items were compared to a reference standard ( clinical diagnosis ) using sensitivity , specificity , predictive values , likelihood ratios ( LRs ) , the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression . reference standards are presented : one based on a clinical diagnosis of nerve root problems and excluding possible/inconclusive cases ( referred to as a confirmatory reference ) , and the other being inclusive of possible/inconclusive cases ( referred to as an indicative reference ) . below knee was the best single item for diagnostic accuracy with an area under curve ( AUC ) of 0.67-0 .68 , which however is slightly less than the ` acceptable discrimination ' . cluster of three items , including distribution of pain below the knee , leg pain that is worse than back pain , and feeling of numbness or pins and needles in the leg , did improve discrimination to an ` acceptable ' level with an AUC of 0.72-0 .74 in relation to confirmatory and indicative references , respectively . , the likelihood ratios from the models were reflective of a ` small ' amount of discrimination . this primary care population seeking treatment for LBP with or without leg pain , we found no clear set of self-report items that accurately identified patients with nerve root pain . accurate case definition is important , clinical assessment should be the method of choice for identifying LBP with possible nerve root involvement ."
2932,Abstract #2932,"ovarian cancer , cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2 ) overexpression is prognostic for poor survival . investigated the efficacy of celecoxib ( C ) , a selective COX-2 inhibitor , added to docetaxel ( Taxotere ) / carboplatin ( DC ) in advanced ovarian cancer . a phase II , randomized study , 400 mg celecoxib b.i.d. was added to first-line DC treatment ( DCC ) . was to be continued after DC termination up to 3 years . end points were tolerability , progression-free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) . of 196 eligible patients were diagnosed with stage IIIC/IV disease . follow-up for patients alive was 32.3 months . was used during a mean of 8.5 months . of 97 DCC patients stopped celecoxib prematurely , mainly due to skin reactions . biochemical response was achieved in 51/78 DC patients ( 65 % ) versus 57/78 DCC patients ( 75 % , not significant ) . both study arms , median PFS was 14.3 months and median OS 34 months . was expressed in 82 % of 120 tumor samples retrospectively recovered . PFS and OS of patients with intermediate/high COX-2 expression were similar to that in the other patients . did not influence PFS and OS , but interpretation of results is hampered by premature celecoxib discontinuation ."
2933,Abstract #2933,"randomized , double-blind study was designed to evaluate the effects of the addition of fentanyl ( F ) to lidocaine ( L ) on the onset , duration , and success rate of axillary brachial plexus block . institutional approval and informed consent , 53 ASA 1 and ASA 2 patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery using brachial plexus anesthesia were included in the study . brachial plexus block was performed using a peripheral nerve stimulator to localize one nerve of the major plexus . patients were randomly allocated to two groups . L + F group ( n = 27 ) were administered 38 mL of 1.5 % L with 1/200 ,000 epinephrine and 100 micrograms of F , and the L + S group ( n = 26 ) were administered 38 mL of 1.5 % L with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 2 mL of normal saline . onset ( monitored every 5 minutes ) and duration ( monitored every 30 minutes ) of surgical anesthesia , defined as the total abolition of the pinprick response , were evaluated in each nerve territory . patients were similar with regard to demographic data and the nerve trunks stimulated . the L + F group , the onset time was only reduced ( P = .012 ) for the musculocutaneous nerve . duration of surgical anesthesia and the motor block were similar in both groups . frequency of complete plexus block and the frequency of anesthesia for each nerve trunk were similar in both groups . is no clinical benefit resulting from the addition of fentanyl to the local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus block ."
2934,Abstract #2934,"representing the clinically non-visible central precursor lesions of acne are induced by sebaceous hyperplasia as well as altered follicular growth and differentiation , and evolve into both comedones and inflammatory lesions . , targeting microcomedone formation is essential in the prevention and therapeutic control of acne . aim of this study was to assess the capacity of adapalene gel , 0.1 % , to control the number of microcomedones after a combination treatment followed by a maintenance treatment . was a single-site exploratory study in subjects with a diagnosis of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and the presence of at least 250 microcomedones per cm ( 2 ) at screening visit , counted via cyanoacrylate strips ( CyASt ) . the first 8 weeks , a combination of adapalene gel ( 0.1 % ) and benzoyl peroxide gel ( 2.5 % ) was applied . the randomized , investigator-blinded , and vehicle-controlled 12-week maintenance phase , adapalene once daily ( QD ) , or adapalene alternately with its vehicle once daily every other day ( QoD ) , or vehicle QD were applied to the face . sampling on the forehead was done at baseline , week 8 , and week 20 . counting allowing calculating a defined success rate was done at all visits . total of 54 subjects entered the combination phase , and 49 subjects were randomized into the maintenance phase : 16 in both the adapalene QD and the QoD group and 17 subjects receiving the vehicle . microcomedone median count decreased for all groups until week 8 ( end of combination phase ) from 319 to 157 . counts at the end of the maintenance phase ( week 20 ) showed a significant percent difference ( P = 0.04 ) between adapalene QoD ( -53.5 ) and the vehicle ( -42.1 ) and between adapalene QD ( -50.6 ) and the vehicle ( P = 0.037 ) compared with baseline . application of adapalene gel , 0.1 % monotherapy daily , or alternately every other day , significantly helps to control the microcomedone count during a 12-week maintenance treatment after a previous combination therapy with benzoyl peroxide in patients with mild to moderate acne ."
2935,Abstract #2935,"prognostic impact of ECG left ventricular strain and left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) in asymptomatic aortic stenosis is not well described . were obtained in asymptomatic patients randomized to simvastatin/ezetimibe combination versus placebo in the Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis ( SEAS ) study . end point was the first of myocardial infarction , nonhemorrhagic stroke , heart failure , aortic valve replacement , or cardiovascular death . predictive value of ECG left ventricular strain ( defined as T-wave inversion in leads V ( 4 ) through V ( 6 ) ) and LVH , assessed by Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria ( R ( V5-6 ) + S ( V1 ) 35 mV ) and Cornell voltage-duration criteria { [ RaVL + S ( V3 ) + ( 6 mV in women ) ] QRS duration 2440 mV ms } , was evaluated by adjustment for other prognostic covariates . total of 1533 patients were followed for 4.30.8 years ( 6592 patient-years of follow-up ) , and 627 cardiovascular events occurred . strain was present in 340 patients ( 23.6 % ) , with LVH by Sokolow-Lyon voltage in 260 ( 17.1 % ) and by Cornell voltage-duration product in 220 ( 14.6 % ) . multivariable analyses , ECG left ventricular strain was associated with 3.1-fold higher risk of in-study myocardial infarction ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.4-6 .8 ; P = 0.004 ) . , ECG LVH by both criteria predicted , compared with no ECG LVH , 5.8-fold higher risk of heart failure ( 95 % confidence interval , 2.0-16 .8 ) , 2.0-fold higher risk of aortic valve replacement ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.3-3 .1 ; both P = 0.001 ) , and 2.5-fold higher risk of a combined end point of myocardial infarction , heart failure , or cardiovascular death ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.3-4 .9 ; P = 0.008 ) . left ventricular strain and LVH were independently predictive of poor prognosis in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis . . identifier : NCT00092677 ."
2936,Abstract #2936,"investigate the impact of continuous blood purification ( CBP ) on T-cell subsets and prognosis in children with severe sepsis . total of 42 children with severe sepsis were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 22 ) and a CBP group ( n = 20 ) . patients in the control group received conventional treatment , while those in the CBP group underwent continuous veno-venous hemofiltration daily 12-24 hours for 3 days besides conventional treatment . in clinical variables and in peripheral blood regulatory T cell subsets were assessed 3 and 7 days after treatment . pediatric intensive care unit length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation were significantly shortened and the 28-day mortality rate was significantly lower in the CPB treatment group as compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . the CBP treatment group , the percentage of CD3 ( + ) , CD4 ( + ) , CD8 ( + ) T cell populations and PCIS scores were significantly higher at 3 and 7 days after treatment than before treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . 7 days after treatment , the percentage of CD3 ( + ) , CD4 ( + ) , CD8 ( + ) T cell populations , CD4 ( + ) / CD8 ( + ) ratio and PCIS scores were significantly higher in the CBP group than in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . CBP treatment may counteract the suppression of immune function and thus improve prognosis in children with severe sepsis ."
2937,Abstract #2937,"this study , we explored different statistical approaches to identify the best algorithm to predict EQ-5D utility scores from the NEI-VFQ 25 in patients with age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . least squares ( OLS ) , Tobit , and censored least absolute deviation ( CLAD ) approaches were compared using cross-sectional data ( primary dataset , n = 151 ) at screening from a phase I/II clinical trial in patients with AMD . models were specified in this study : full ( includes all 12 dimensions of the NEI-VFQ 25 ) , short ( includes only the general health dimension and the composite score ) , and reduced model ( using stepwise regression ) . evaluate the predictive accuracy of the models , the mean absolute prediction error ( MAPE ) , mean error , and root means squared error were calculated using in-sample cross-validation ( within the primary dataset ) and out-of-sample validation using an independent dataset ( n = 393 ) . model that provided the lowest prediction errors was chosen as the best model . cross-validation and out-of-sample validation consistently demonstrated that , compared to other approaches , heteroscedasticity-adjusted OLS produced the lowest MAPE ( mean values were 0.1400 , 0.1593 , respectively ) for the full model , while CLAD performed best for the short and reduced models ( mean values were 0.1299 , 0.1483 , respectively ) . normality and homoscedasticity assumptions of both OLS and Tobit were rejected . , however , can accommodate these particular violations . CLAD-short model is recommended for producing the EQ-5D utility scores when only the NEI-VFQ 25 data are available ."
2938,Abstract #2938,"determine the consequences of severe undernutrition and refeeding on whole-body metabolism and protein synthesis . quotient ( RQ ) , resting energy expenditure ( REE ) , and whole-body protein synthesis ( WBPS ) were assessed in undernourished patients , with anorexia nervosa ( n = 8 ) or with coexistent disease ( n = 17 ) . were compared with 17 healthy controls . anorexic patients and 13 disease patients consented to study after nutrition support . body mass index was 12.46 + / - 0.53 kg/m2 in the anorexia patients and 13.81 + / - 0.40 kg/m2 in the disease patients ( controls 23.71 + / - 0.72 kg/m2 ; p < .001 ) . with controls , RQ was similar in anorexia patients ( 0.85 + / - 0.05 vs 0.90 + / - 0.05 ) but lower in the disease patients ( 0.76 + / - 0.03 vs 0.90 + / - 0.05 ; p = .02 ) . was lower in the patients ( anorexia 1058 + / - 134.0 kcal/d , disease 1189 + / - 101.4 kcal/d vs 1828 + / - 89.76 kcal/d ; p < .001 ) ; however , expressed as kcal/kg/d , it was higher ( anorexia 32.17 + / - 4.25 , disease 31.30 + / - 2.14 vs 25.07 + / - 1.00 ; p < .05 ) . was lower in the patients ( anorexia 140.9 + / - 10.54 g/d , disease 119.8 + / - 8.57 g/d vs 305.0 + / - 21.64 g/d ; p < .001 ) ; however , when expressed as g/kg/d , the anorexia patients were similar to controls , whereas the disease patients were lower ( 3.11 + / - 0.24 vs 4.27 + / - 0.32 ; p < .05 ) . increased RQ in the disease patients ( 0.84 + / - 0.03 vs 0.76 + / - 0.03 ; p < .05 ) , and normalized REE ( anorexia 27.65 + / - 3.05 kcal/kg/d , disease 28.90 + / - 1.85 kcal/kg/d ) . increased in the disease patients ( 173.6 + / - 16.38 g/d vs 116.5 + / - 10.15 g/d ; p < .01 ) . is associated with increased REE ( kcal/kg/d ) . in RQ and protein synthesis ( g/kg/d ) was evident in those patients with coexistent disease . resulted in normalization of RQ , REE ( kcal/kg/d ) , and protein synthesis ( g/kg/d ) ."
2939,Abstract #2939,"factors are known to be associated with initiation and development of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) , and also with CRC 's major precursor , the colorectal polyp . long-term intervention studies on colorectal polyps , dietary changes may therefore affect potential effects of the study intervention . examine potential dietary changes among polyp-patients randomly selected from a 3 y intervention study after 1 y. 116 polyp-bearing out-patients ( 50 % men ) , aged 50-76 y , who participated in the double-blind 3 y placebo-controlled endoscopic follow-up and intervention study against growth and recurrence of polyps , 30 patients were randomised ( strata : sex , age and polyp size ) to perform a repeated 5 day dietary record by weighing after 1 y. patients received a daily mixture of vitamin C ( 150 mg ) , alpha-tocopherol ( 75 mg ) , beta-carotene ( 15 mg ) , selenium ( 101 microg ) and calcium ( 1.6 g ) or placebo ( lactose ) for a period of 3 y with annual colonoscopic examinations and polyps size measurements to test if the mixture was able to reduce polyp growth and recurrence . of > 9 mm were removed , whereas the remainders and new discoveries of polyps < 9 mm were left in situ until the end of the study . patients agreed to perform the repeated 5 day dietary record , and 86 % performed the second record within 48-58 weeks after the first record . results showed that , with the exception of vitamin D , milk and milk products , no significant differences were found between the two records . median value of the Spearman 's correlation coefficient for energy and energy-yielding nutrients was 0.66 , for vitamins and minerals 0.58 , and for foods 0.58 . differences between the records were found for most variables , but most of these were negligible . 1 y , no major dietary changes were found which could be associated with a changed susceptibly for malignancy , and thereby affect potential effects of the study intervention . may thus suggest that a potential changed susceptibility towards growth and recurrence of polyps , is due to the specific intervention , and not due to other major dietary changes ."
2940,Abstract #2940,"observe the clinical efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture combined with Dalitong granule for gastroesophageal reflux disease and to explore the therapeutic mechanism . hundred cases diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease were randomly divided into a combination group , an electroacupuncture group , a Dalitong granule group , and a western medication group , 125 cases in each group . electroacupuncture group was treated with acupuncture at Zusanli ( ST 36 ) , Zhongwan ( CV 12 ) , Neiguan ( PC 6 ) , Tai-chong ( LR 3 ) and Gongsun ( SP 4 ) , once daily for 6 weeks ; the Dalitong granule group was treated with oral administration of Dalitong granule 6 g , three times daily ; the combination group was treated with above two methods ; the western medication group was treated with oral administration of Mosapride 5 mg , three times daily , Omeprazole 20 mg , twice daily and Amitriptyline 25 mg , twice daily . total refluxing times , times of long-term reflux , percentage of upright time , percentage of supine time , percentage of total time of the 24-hour intraesophageal pH < 4 or bilirubin absorbance value ( Abs ) > or = 0.14 , symptom score , endoscopic score , life quality score and adverse reaction were observed before treatment , at the end of treatment and 48 weeks after treatment in four groups . with those before treatment , esophageal acid reflux , bile reflux , endoscopic score and symptom score were decreased significantly at the end of treatment in four groups ( all P < 0.01 ) , while score of life quality was increased significantly ( all P < 0.01 ) . improvements of above indices in the combination group were superior to other groups ( all P < 0.05 ) . with the end of treatment , changes of above indices were not obvious in both of combination group and electroacupuncture group 48 weeks after treatment ( all P > 0.05 ) , but these indices all recurred significantly in other two groups ( all P < 0.5 ) . short and long-term total effective rates in the combination group were superior to other groups ( P < 0.5 , P < 0.1 ) . serious adverse reaction occurred in four groups . and Dalitong granule can both inhibit esophageal acid reflux and bile reflux , decrease endoscopic score , alleviate the symptom of gastroesophageal reflux and improve life quality , but the effect of combination is much better with safety and long-term efficacy , which is correlated with their acid inhibition , gastrointestinal motility and antidepressant effects ."
2941,Abstract #2941,"START is a randomized controlled trial that will test whether a personally tailored , distance-medicine-based program will increase exercise and fruit and vegetable consumption , and decrease fat intake of individuals recently diagnosed with breast or prostate cancer . breast and prostate cancer cases ( N = 530 ) will be identified within 9 months of diagnosis from hospital cancer registries and large oncologic practices throughout the United States . individuals will be sent a letter of invitation and screened for eligibility . a baseline telephone interview , participants will be randomized into one of two arms that receive materials aimed at increasing exercise and fruit and vegetable intake , and decreasing dietary fat : 1 ) . experimental arm that receives a workbook and a series of six 4-page newsletters delivered every 7 wk and personally tailored on type of cancer , cancer coping style , race , age , self-efficacy , stage of readiness , and barriers and/or progress toward goal behavior ( i.e. , > or = 30 min of exercise at least 5 d.wk , > or = 5 servings of vegetables and fruit per day , and < or = 30 % of calories from fat ) ; or 2 ) . control arm that receives a series of nontailored health brochures . interviews scheduled 1 and 2 yr postbaseline will determine short - and long-term efficacy and the effects of the interventions on other endpoints ( quality of life , perceived health , etc. ) . , such as gender , race , and social support , also will be explored to determine potential interactions with program efficacy . the growing number of cancer survivors , distance-medicine-based interventions addressing multiple behaviors and targeting this high-risk group have the potential to make a positive and broad public health impact ."
2942,Abstract #2942,"strategies for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) are underused , and , when used , have low adherence . efforts to improve use and adherence to these efficacious strategies have been so intensive that they are impractical for clinical practice . conducted a randomized trial of a CHD prevention intervention ( including a computerized decision aid and automated tailored adherence messages ) at one university general internal medicine practice . obtaining informed consent and collecting baseline data , we randomized patients ( men and women age 40-79 with no prior history of cardiovascular disease ) to either the intervention or usual care . then saw them for two additional study visits over 3 months . intervention participants , we administered the decision aid at the primary study visit ( 1 week after baseline visit ) and then mailed 3 tailored adherence reminders at 2 , 4 , and 6 weeks . assessed our outcomes ( including the predicted likelihood of angina , myocardial infarction , and CHD death over 10 years ( CHD risk ) and self-reported adherence ) between groups at 3 month follow-up . collection occurred from June 2007 through December 2009 . study procedures were IRB approved . randomized 160 eligible patients ( 81 intervention ; 79 control ) and followed 96 % to study conclusion . predicted CHD risk at baseline was 11.3 % . intervention increased self-reported adherence to chosen risk reducing strategies by 25 percentage points ( 95 % CI 8 % to 42 % ) , with the biggest effect for aspirin . also changed predicted CHD risk by -1.1 % ( 95 % CI -0.16 % to -2 % ) , with a larger effect in a pre-specified subgroup of high risk patients . computerized intervention that involves patients in CHD decision making and supports adherence to effective prevention strategies can improve adherence and reduce predicted CHD risk ."
2943,Abstract #2943,"9-month open-label extension of the Circadian Administration of Prednisone in Rheumatoid Arthritis Study ( CAPRA 1 ) investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of prednisone chronotherapy with a novel modified-release ( MR ) prednisone for up to 12 months . 288 patients with rheumatoid arthritis originally randomised to MR or immediate-release ( IR ) prednisone , 249 continued with prednisone chronotherapy ( 2-10 mg/day ) in the 9-month open-label extension . of morning stiffness of the joints ( MS ) , disease activity scores ( DAS28 ) , American College of Rheumatology ( ACR20 ) responses and plasma levels of interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ) were assessed . was analysed from adverse event reports and laboratory investigations . the 3-month double-blind phase , patients in the MR group achieved a reduction in MS of 33.1 % while no change was observed in the IR group . 6 months of treatment , MS was reduced in the IR/MR group by 54 % and in the MR/MR group by 56 % . reduction after 12 months was 45 % ( IR/MR group ) and 55 % ( MR/MR group ) . levels of IL-6 declined on MR treatment . was reduced from 5.8 to 4.8 ( MR/MR group ) and 4.9 ( IR/MR group ) , respectively . % of the 219 patients who completed the 12-month study achieved improvement according to the ACR20 criteria . events did not differ from the known profile of low-dose prednisone . chronotherapy with the MR tablet was safe and well tolerated and provided a sustained improvement which resulted in a better benefit to risk ratio of low-dose glucocorticoid treatment for at least 12 months ."
2944,Abstract #2944,"treatment options for patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes are limited . has single-agent activity in these patients and has demonstrated synergy with capecitabine in this setting . study was designed to compare ixabepilone plus capecitabine versus capecitabine alone in anthracycline-pretreated or - resistant and taxane-resistant locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer . hundred fifty-two patients were randomly assigned to ixabepilone 40 mg/m ( 2 ) intravenously on day 1 of a 21-day cycle plus capecitabine 2,000 mg/m ( 2 ) orally on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle , or capecitabine alone 2,500 mg/m ( 2 ) on the same schedule , in this international phase III study . primary end point was progression-free survival evaluated by blinded independent review . plus capecitabine prolonged progression-free survival relative to capecitabine ( median , 5.8 v 4.2 months ) , with a 25 % reduction in the estimated risk of disease progression ( hazard ratio , 0.75 ; 95 % CI , 0.64 to 0.88 ; P = .0003 ) . response rate was also increased ( 35 % v 14 % ; P < .0001 ) . 3/4 treatment-related sensory neuropathy ( 21 % v 0 % ) , fatigue ( 9 % v 3 % ) , and neutropenia ( 68 % v 11 % ) were more frequent with combination therapy , as was the rate of death as a result of toxicity ( 3 % v 1 % , with patients with liver dysfunction [ > / = grade 2 liver function tests ] at greater risk ) . toxicities were similar for both treatment groups . plus capecitabine demonstrates superior efficacy to capecitabine alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer pretreated or resistant to anthracyclines and resistant to taxanes ."
2945,Abstract #2945,"determine the acute effects of application of 2 % pilocarpine on pulsatile ocular blood flow . a randomised prospective controlled study of an exploratory nature , 18 subjects with ocular hypertension had pilocarpine 2 % eye drops instilled into a randomly chosen eye three times at 10 min intervals . saline was instilled into the contralateral control eye . pressure ( IOP ) and pulsatile ocular blood flow ( POBF ) measurements were taken before the first application and 90 min after the last application using the OBF tonometer ( OBF Laboratory , Wilts , UK ) . analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test . the 18 patients who entered the trial , 2 were suggested by the OBF system software as having ` poorly reliable ' data . analysis was made on the remaining 16 . was a significant reduction in IOP at 90 min for the treated eye in comparison with the contralateral control eye ( p = 0.001 ; median difference -4.25 mmHg ; 95 % confidence interval , -5.85 to -2.40 ) . was a significant increase in POBF at 90 min in the treated eye in comparison with the contralateral control eye ( p < 0.001 ; median difference 4.60 microl/s ; 95 % confidence interval , 2.35 to 6.75 ) . application of pilocarpine 2 % drops increased POBF to a significant extent in untreated ocular hypertension ."
2946,Abstract #2946,"randomized studies have investigated the impact of valved and non-valved power-injectable peripherally inserted central catheters ( PICCs ) in terms of incidence of occlusion , infection , malfunction and venous thrombosis . have prospectively compared three types of third-generation polyurethane PICCs . hundred and eighty adult patients candidate to chemotherapy were randomized into three groups : power-injectable PICCs with Solo-2 proximal valve ( Bard ) ; power-injectable PICCs with PASV ( Pressure Activated Safety Valve ) proximal valve ( Navilyst ) ; and non-valved power-injectable PICCs ( Medcomp ) . PICCs were single lumen 4Fr , inserted according to a well-defined protocol - maximal barrier precautions , ultrasound guidance , intracavitary electrocardiography ( IC-ECG ) , and so on -- and managed according to the recommendations of the most recent guidelines ( antisepsis with 2 % chlorhexidine , transparent dressing , sutureless device , strict ` scrub the hub ' policy , neutral displacement needle-free connectors and so on ) . catheters were flushed with 10 ml saline before and after each infusion , or with 20 ml saline after blood sampling or infusion of blood products . heparin was used . detected no complications at insertion ; no PICC-related bloodstream infections ; no dislocations ; five cases of transient occlusion and two cases of persistent withdrawal occlusion , evenly distributed among the groups ; one episode of complete irreversible obstruction ( group A ) ; four episodes of asymptomatic peripheral venous thrombosis ; one episode of symptomatic , severe central vein thrombosis ( group B ) . 31 % of PICCs in group A ( 19/61 ) and in 65 % of group B ( 39/60 ) , difficulties with gravity infusion were reported ; three PICCs of group A were complicated by rupture of the intravascular tract during pump infusion . PICCs were removed because of complications , four in group A ( one obstruction ; three ruptures ) and one in group B ( central venous thrombosis ) . found no clinical advantages of valved vs. non-valved PICCs ."
2947,Abstract #2947,"can improve appetite , inflammatory mediators , lipid profiles , and body composition in overweight or obese patients . , it has not yet been clearly elucidated how exercise affects healthy people in relation to these variables . , we investigated the effects of an exercise program on appetite-regulating hormones , inflammatory mediators , lipid profiles , and body composition in healthy men . sedentary men were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups ( exercise group , EG , N. = 15 and control group , CG , N. = 15 ) . plasma ghrelin , leptin , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , tumor necrosis factor - ( TNF - ) , and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunoassay . cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , high - and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C and LDL-C ) were determined by enzymatic assay . composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis . 8 weeks , the ghrelin and leptin levels of CG showed a tendency to increase , whereas those of EG were significantly decreased . TNF - and CRP , except for IL-6 , showed a tendency to increase in CG , all three tended to decrease in EG after 8 weeks . and LDL-C were significantly increased in CG . TC , TG , and LDL-C levels of EG were remarkably decreased , whereas HDL-C was significantly increased . EG , body weight , fat mass , percent fat , and waist/hip ratio were significantly decreased , whereas muscle mass was significantly increased after 8 weeks . present study results have demonstrated the beneficial effects of an exercise program by altering appetite-regulating hormones , decreasing inflammatory factors , and improving lipid profiles and body composition in healthy young men ."
2948,Abstract #2948,"evaluate the null hypothesis that fluoride intake via drinking water has no effect on orthodontic root resorption in humans after orthodontic force application for 4 weeks and 12 weeks of retention . patients who required maxillary premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment were selected from two cities in Turkey . cities had a high and low fluoride concentration in public water of 2 pm and 0.05 pm , respectively . patients were randomly separated into four groups of 12 each : group 1HH , high fluoride ( 2 ppm ) and heavy force ( 225 g ) ; group 2LH , low fluoride ( 0.05 ppm ) and heavy force ; group 3HL , high fluoride and light force ( 25 g ) ; and group 4LL , low fluoride and light force . or heavy buccal tipping force was applied on the upper first premolars for 28 days . day 28 , the left premolars were extracted ( positive control side ) ; the right premolars ( experimental side ) were extracted after 12 weeks of retention . samples were analyzed with microcomputed tomography . the positive control side , under heavy force application , the high fluoride groups exhibited less root resorption ( P = .015 ) . the experimental side , it was found that fluoride reduced the total volume of root resorption craters ; however , this effect was not statistically significant ( P = .237 ) . , the results revealed that under heavy force application experimental teeth exhibited more root resorption than positive control groups . null hypothesis could not be rejected . fluoride intake from public water did not have a beneficial effect on the severity of root resorption after a 4-week orthodontic force application and 12 weeks of passive retention ."
2949,Abstract #2949,"EORTC 22922/10925 trial investigated the potential survival benefit and toxicity of elective irradiation of the internal mammary and medial supraclavicular ( IM-MS ) nodes Accrual completed in January 2004 and first results are expected in 2012 . present the toxicity reported until year 3 after treatment . each visit , toxicity was reported but severity was not graded routinely . rates and performance status ( PS ) changes at three years were compared by chi ( 2 ) tests and logistic regression models in all the 3,866 of 4,004 patients eligible to the trial who received the allocated treatment . lung ( fibrosis ; dyspnoea ; pneumonitis ; any lung toxicities ) ( 4.3 % vs. 1.3 % ; p < 0.0001 ) but not cardiac toxicity ( 0.3 % vs. 0.4 % ; p = 0.55 ) significantly increased with IM-MS treatment . significant worsening of the PS was observed ( p = 0.79 ) , suggesting that treatment-related toxicity does not impair patient 's daily activities . irradiation seems well tolerated and does not significantly impair WHO PS at three years . follow-up period of at least 10 years is needed to determine whether cardiac toxicity is increased after radiotherapy ."
2950,Abstract #2950,"investigate the effect of a novel analgesic disposable urinary catheter invented by the authors in prevention of restlessness caused by catheter-related bladder discomfort ( CRBD ) in general anesthesia patients in anesthesia recovery period . hundred patients , who underwent general anesthesia for general surgical operation , were divided randomly into 2 equal groups : observation group , undergoing insertion of F16 novel analgesic disposable Foley urinary catheter after inducement of general anesthesia , and control group undergoing insertion of conventional F16 Foley urinary catheter after induction of anesthesia . rate of restlessness caused by CBRD and the rate of catheter pulling-off were compared . CRBD rate of the observation group was 9 % , significantly lower than that of the control group ( 61 % , P < 0.01 ) , the rate of CRBD-caused restlessness of the observation group was 0 , significantly lower then that of the control group ( 23 % , P < 0.001 ) . extent of CRBD of the observation group was significantly lighter than that of the control group . catheter inserting after the induction of anesthesia is an element related to the restlessness in anesthesia recovery period and other serious postoperative complications . novel analgesic disposable urinary catheter effectively prevents CRBD-caused restlessness in general anesthesia patients in the anesthesia recovery period ."
2951,Abstract #2951,"5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) cream is widely used in the treatment of actinic keratoses ( AKs ) but the optimum treatment regimen that provides efficacy while minimizing side-effects remains unclear . randomized trial to compare the efficacy and side-effects of daily vs. weekly application of 5 % 5-FU in the treatment of AKs of the scalp and face . patients were recruited and randomized to two groups . 1 ( 13 patients ) applied 5 % 5-FU twice daily for 3 weeks , group 2 ( seven patients ) applied 5 % 5-FU twice daily for 1 day per week for 12 weeks . were reviewed at weeks 3 , 12 , 24 and 52 . each review a lesion count and lesion map were completed and patients were asked to score efficacy and inflammation . week 0 the median lesion count was the same in both groups , 17.5 lesions . 12 weeks the median lesion count in group 1 had fallen to 0 where it remained for the duration of follow-up . group 2 the median lesion count fell to 6 at 12 weeks , 5.5 at 24 weeks and was 3 at 52 weeks . difference in the lesion count was significant at all time points after week 0 : P < 0.05 at weeks 12 and 52 , and P < 0.01 at week 24 . mean inflammation score was higher in patients clear of AKs at 12 weeks compared with those who had not cleared , 3.8 compared with 1.9 . difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) suggesting that inflammation is necessary for efficacy . conclude that daily application of 5 % 5-FU cream is more effective than weekly application at clearing AKs from the scalp and face . results also suggest that inflammation is likely to be required to achieve a therapeutic effect ."
2952,Abstract #2952,"Voting Systems have been used for education in a variety of disciplines . from these studies have been mixed . results from these studies have been mixed , we examined whether an EVS system could enhance a lecture 's effect on educational outcomes . cohort of 127 Year 5 medical students at the University of Adelaide was stratified by gender , residency status and academic record then randomised into 2 groups of 64 and 63 students . group received consecutive 40-minute lectures on two clinical topics . group received the EVS for both topics . other group received traditional teaching only . was undertaken with two , 15-question multiple-choice questionnaires ( MCQ ) assessing knowledge and problem solving and undertaken as a written paper immediately before and after the lectures and repeated online 8-12 weeks later . institutional student questionnaires were completed for each lecture and independent observers assessed student behaviour during the lectures . 's opinions were assessed by a questionnaire developed for this study . of students randomised to EVS and 59 % of students randomised to traditional lectures attended . of the students in the EVS group and 41 % in the traditional group completed all questionnaires . was no difference in MCQ scores between EVS and traditional lectures ( p = 0.785 ) . cervical cancer lectures showed higher student ranking in favour of EVS in all parameters . breast cancer lectures showed higher ranking in favour of traditional lectures in 5 of 7 parameters ( p < 0.001 ) . observed higher-order lecturer-students interactions were increased in the EVS lecture for one lecturer and reduced for the other . lecturers felt that the EVS lectures were difficult to prepare , that they were able to keep to time in the traditional lectures , that the educational value of both lecture styles was similar , and that they were neutral-to-slightly favourably disposed to continue with the EVS technology . 2 lecturers disagreed regarding the ease of preparation of the traditional lecture , their ability to keep to time in the EVS lecture , and personal satisfaction with the EVS lecture . lecturers felt that EVS encouraged student participation and helped identify where students were having difficulty . this setting , EVS technology used in large group lectures did not offer significant advantages over the more traditional lecture format ."
2953,Abstract #2953,"investigate the frequency of side effects following influenza vaccination in healthy participants aged 65-74 years . single-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial was performed in general practices in central Liverpool on 729 healthy individuals ( 341 females and 388 males ) aged 65-74 ( median age 68.9 ) years , of whom 552 received influenza vaccine and 177 received placebo . main outcome measures were analysed from adverse reactions reported by the subjects on a postal questionnaire 3 days after vaccination . ( 99.3 % ) questionnaires were returned . ( 11.3 % ) participants who received influenza vaccination complained of local symptoms compared with 9 ( 5.1 % ) participants who received placebo ( difference 6.2 % ; 95 % CI 1.3 to 10.0 % ; p = 0.02 ) . ( 35.1 % ) individuals who received influenza vaccine complained of one or more systemic side effects compared with 75 ( 42.4 % ) who received placebo ( difference -7.3 % ; 95 % CI -15.6 to 0.9 % ; p = 0.10 ) . people belonging to this age group can be reassured that , when compared with placebo , influenza vaccination causes few , if any , systemic side effects and only a low incidence of local side effects ."
2954,Abstract #2954,"surgery provides for a less invasive procedure than open surgery in patients with gastric cancer , but the immune responses after laparoscopic surgery for early gastric cancer remain unknown . blood mononuclear cells from 20 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy ( LADG ) or open distal gastrectomy ( ODG ) were obtained ; the cell surface molecules and intracellular cytokines ( IFN-gamma and IL-4 ) were measured by flow cytometry . populations of T lymphocytes after LADG , including CD3 - , 4 - , 8 - , 57 - , and HLA-DR-positive lymphocytes , showed patterns similar to those after ODG . production of IFN-gamma as Th1 cell function decreased significantly on the third postoperative day after ODG but increased after LADG . production of IL-4 , representing Th2 cell function , increased postoperatively after ODG but not after LADG . compared with ODG , LADG contributes to the preservation of postsurgical Th1 cell-mediated immune function ."
2955,Abstract #2955,"the therapeutic effect of electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) on major depressive disorder is widely investigated , there is a gap in literature regarding the possible effects of the medications used for induction of anesthesia in ECT . the best of the authors ' knowledge , this study is the first randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing the effect of etomidate and sodium thiopental on the depression symptoms in patients who have received ECT . participants of this study are 60 adult patients with major depressive disorder who were referred for ECT . were randomly allocated into 1 of the 2 groups . group received etomidate , and the other group received sodium thiopental , as medication for induction of anesthesia . the patients received bilateral ECT . outcomes measures included the Beck Depression Inventory score , seizure duration , and recovery duration after induction of anesthesia . sex ratio and mean age were not different between the 2 groups . regression analysis showed that etomidate decreased the depression score more than did sodium thiopental . duration in all of the sessions in the etomidate group was significantly higher than that of sodium thiopental group . conclusion , etomidate may improve major depressive disorder more than sodium thiopental in patients who are receiving ECT ."
2956,Abstract #2956,"associated with deranged hepatic function and sepsis results in poor surgical outcome in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice . effect of an ayurvedic agent , Tinospora cordifolia ( TC ) , which has been shown to have hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties in experimental studies , on surgical outcome in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice was evaluated . patients were randomly divided into two groups , matched with respect to clinical features , impairment of hepatic function ( as judged by liver function tests including antipyrine elimination ) and immunosuppression ( phagocytic and killing capacities of neutrophils ) . I received conventional management , ie vitamin K , antibiotics and biliary drainage ; Group II received Tinospora cordifolia ( 16 mg/kg/day orally ) in addition , during the period of biliary drainage . function remained comparable in the two groups after drainage . , the phagocytic and killing capacities of neutrophils normalized only in patients receiving Tinospora cordifolia ( 28.2 + / - 5.5 % and 29.47 + / - 6.5 % respectively ) . bactobilia was observed in 8 patients in Group I and 7 in Group II , but clinical evidence of septicemia was observed in 50 % of patients in Group I as against none in Group II ( p < 0.05 ) . survival in Groups I and II was 40 % and 92.4 % respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . cordifolia appears to improve surgical outcome by strengthening host defenses ."
2957,Abstract #2957,"aim of the study was to investigate the functional differences between N20m and P30m components of somatosensory-evoked magnetic cortical field ( SEF ) in young and senior subjects . healthy subjects , 13 younger ( mean age : 21.8 years ) and 16 senior ( 63.8 years ) , participated . fields were measured using a 160-channel , whole head MEG . - and paired-pulse stimulations of 200 artifact-free MEG signal epochs were averaged separately . calculated how aging affects recovery function of SEFs . senior showed a prolonged N20m peak latency compared to the younger , although the P30m peak latency was not significantly different between groups . N20m ratios at 60 and 80 ms in the senior were significantly increased compared to the ratios in the younger ( 60 ms : P < 0.05 , 80 ms : P < 0.001 ) . P30m ratios at inter-stimulus interval ( ISI ) of 80 and 100 ms showed even disinhibition in the senior than in the younger ( P < 0.05 ) . younger also showed a significantly negative correlation between P30m and N20m components ' recovery curves ( R = 0.72 , P < 0.05 ) . changes that occurred in recovery functioning were the decrease in N20m component suppression and the increase in P30m component recovery , indicating that the N20m and P30m components have different functions in aging-related recovery changes . results show that the N20m ratio at an ISI of 80 ms was significantly increased in the senior group , indicating that the second stimulus-evoked SEF was less inhibited by the initial stimulus at this ISI , suggesting less refractory effect or increased disinhibition ."
2958,Abstract #2958,"evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 150 mg bicalutamide daily given in addition to standard care , in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer . bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer program consists of 3 randomized , double blind , placebo controlled trials prospectively designed for combined analysis . total of 8,113 men with T1b-T4 , M0 , any N ( N0 in 1 trial ) prostate cancer were randomized to bicalutamide 150 mg/day ( 4,052 ) or placebo ( 4,061 ) in addition to standard care ( radical prostatectomy , radiotherapy or watchful waiting ) . end points were objective progression-free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival . median 5.4 years of followup ( 21.6 % progression events ) bicalutamide significantly improved PFS in the overall population . result was driven by positive results in trials 24 and 25 , with the North American trial ( trial 23 ) showing no difference . with locally advanced disease gained most benefit from bicalutamide in terms of PFS , irrespective of underlying therapy . survival was similar in the bicalutamide and placebo groups , across the program and in each trial . watchful waiting patients survival appeared to be improved with bicalutamide in those with locally advanced disease , whereas survival appeared to be reduced with bicalutamide in those with localized disease . most common adverse events with bicalutamide were gynecomastia and breast pain . adverse events occurred with a similarly low incidence in the 2 treatment groups . analysis confirms that bicalutamide provides benefit in patients with locally advanced disease . current data suggest that early or adjuvant hormonal therapy for patients at low risk of disease progression , such as those with localized disease , is not appropriate ."
2959,Abstract #2959,"assess the bioequivalence of three ibuprofen formulations ( Test formulation : ibuprofen ( 400 mg capsule ) manufactured by Cardinal Health Brasil 402 Ltda . Sorocaba , Brazil ) and licensed to Boehringer Ingelheim do Brasil Quim . Farm . . SA poundo Paulo , Brazil ) ; Reference formulation ( 1 ) : ibuprofen ( AdvilA ( R ) ; 2 A 200 mg coated tablet ) from Wyeth-Whitehall Ltda . Itapevi , Brazil ) ; Reference formulation ( 2 ) : ibuprofen ( AliviumA ; 8 ml A 50 mg/ml solution ) from Schering Plough S.A. ( Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ) ) in 24 healthy volunteers of both sexes . study was conducted using an open , randomized , three-period crossover design with at least 5-day washout interval . samples were obtained over a 24-h period . ibuprofen concentrations were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry ( LC-MS/MS ) with negative ion electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM ) . following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from the ibuprofen plasma concentration vs. time curves : AUC ( last ) , AUC ( trunctmax ) , AUC ( inf ) and C ( max ) . limit of quantification for ibuprofen was 0.1 microg A ml ( 1 ) . geometric mean with corresponding 90 % confidence interval ( CI ) for Test/Reference ( 1 ) percent ratios were 114.24 % ( 90 % CI = 105.67 , 123.50 % ) for C ( max ) , 98.97 % ( 90 % CI = 94.69 , 103.44 % ) for AUC ( last ) and 99.40 % ( 90 % CI = 95.21 , 103.78 % ) for AUC ( inf ) . geometric mean and respective 90 % confidence interval ( CI ) for Test/Reference ( 2 ) percent ratios were 108.38 % ( 90 % CI = 100.19 , 117.25 % ) for C ( max ) , 100.79 % ( 90 % CI = 96.39 , 105.40 % ) for AUC ( last ) and 101.26 % ( 90 % CI = 96.94 , 105.77 % ) for AUC ( inf ) ; t ( max ) for the 400 mg Test capsule was shorter than that for the 2 A 200 mg Reference ( 1 ) tablets ( p < 0.002 ) . the 90 % CI for AUC ( last ) , AUC ( inf ) and Cmax ratios were within the 80 - 125 % interval proposed by the US FDA , it was concluded that ibuprofen formulation manufactured by Cardinal Health Brasil 402 Ltda . licensed to Boehringer Ingelheim do Brasil Quim . Farm . . bioequivalent to the AdvilA and AliviumA formulations with regard to both the rate and the extent of absorption ."
2960,Abstract #2960,"who have had one variceal bleed are at high risk of rebleeding . its introduction , endoscopic variceal banding has been shown to be superior to needle sclerotherapy . has not been compared with hepatic venous pressure-guided medical therapy ( beta-blockers and nitrates ) . hundred two patients with cirrhosis and a recent esophageal variceal bleed were randomized to either endoscopic banding ( 51 patients ) or medical therapy ( 51 patients ) . hepatic venous pressure gradient was measured in all patients at baseline , at 3 months ( drug therapy arm ) , and at yearly intervals ( all patients ) . end points were death or rebleeding . 2 groups were well matched . percent were Pughs C , with a median Pughs score of 9.5 . patients rebled in the drug arm ( median time , 24 days ) and 27 patients in the banding arm ( median time , 24 days ) . 1 year , 43.7 % of patients had bled in the drug arm compared with 53.8 % in the banding arm ( P = 0.25 ) . percent of patients on medical therapy had died at 1 year , 22.5 % on banding ( P = 0.97 ) . the prevention of variceal rebleeding , beta-blockers + / - nitrates are as effective as endoscopic banding ."
2961,Abstract #2961,"Therapy Oncology Group ( RTOG ) 9508 showed a survival advantage for patients with 1 but not 2 or 3 brain metastasis ( BM ) treated with whole-brain radiation therapy ( WBRT ) and stereotactic radiosurgery ( SRS ) versus WBRT alone . improved prognostic index , the graded prognostic assessment ( GPA ) has been developed . hypothesis was that if the data from RTOG 9508 were poststratified by the GPA , the conclusions may vary . this analysis , 252 of the 331 patients were evaluable by GPA . those , 211 had lung cancer . cancer patients were excluded because the components of the breast GPA are not in the RTOG database . Cox regression was used to compare survival between treatment groups , adjusting for GPA . comparisons within subgroups were performed with the log-rank test . free online tool ( brainmetgpa.com ) simplified GPA use . fundamental conclusions of the primary analysis were confirmed in that there was no survival benefit overall for patients with 1 to 3 metastases ; however , there was a benefit for the subset of patients with GPA 3.5 to 4.0 ( median survival time [ MST ] for WBRT + SRS vs WBRT alone was 21.0 versus 10.3 months , P = .05 ) regardless of the number of metastases . patients with GPA 3.5 to 4.0 treated with WBRT and SRS , the MST for patients with 1 versus 2 to 3 metastases was 21 and 14.1 months , respectively . secondary analysis of predominantly lung cancer patients , consistent with the original analysis , shows no survival advantage for the group overall when treated with WBRT and SRS ; however , in patients with high GPA ( 3.5-4 ) , there is a survival advantage regardless of whether they have 1 , 2 , or 3 BM . benefit did not extend to patients with lower GPA . validation of this survival benefit for patients with multiple BM and high GPA when treated with WBRT and SRS is warranted ."
2962,Abstract #2962,"assess efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil ( CC ) plus hydrochlorothiazide ( HCTZ ) fixed combination vs previous monotherapy ( PM ) plus HCTZ in hypertension . 2-4 weeks of run in , 409 outpatients ( diastolic blood pressure , DBP > 90 and < or = 110 mmHg ; systolic blood pressure , SBP < or = 180 mmHg ) , aged 26-79 years , under monotherapy , were randomized in a PROBE multicenter trial to CC 16 mg plus HCTZ 12.5 mg or PM plus HCTZ 12.5 mg for 8 weeks . was doubled after the first 4 weeks in non-responders ( DBP > or = 90 mmHg or SBP > 180 mmHg ) . oscillometric ( Omron 705 CP ) DBP and SBP were similarly reduced by CC + HCTZ and PM + HCTZ after 4 ( 12/15 and 10/13 mmHg ) and 8 weeks ( 13/20 and 12/18 mmHg ) in the intention-to-treat ( ITT , n = 398 ) population . dose was doubled in 18.1 and 31.2 % of patients in the CC + HCTZ and PM + HCTZ group , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . of normalized patients ( DBP < 90 and/or SBP < 140 mmHg ) after 8 weeks of treatment was greater ( p < 0.05 ) under CC + HCTZ ( 82.0 vs 72.6 % vs PM + HCTZ ) . pressure was comparably reduced by CC + HCTZ and PM + HCTZ , at 4 ( 3 mmHg for both ) and 8 weeks ( 7 and 6 mmHg , respectively ) . rate was unchanged . of per-protocol analysis ( n = 316 ) did not differ from those of ITT analysis . of adverse events was low and comparable between groups . plus HCTZ fixed combination is an effective and safe alternative to other antihypertensive drugs , given either as monotherapy or in combination when they do not satisfactorily control patient 's blood pressure ."
2963,Abstract #2963,"explored the association between renal insufficiency ( RI ) and mortality among patients treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator ( ICD ) . trials have shown improvements in survival among select patients treated with an ICD . insufficiency patients have a high risk of cardiac death ; however , it is not clear whether the ICD has a positive effect on survival in this group of patients . was a retrospective review of a single-center experience of 346 patients treated with an ICD . were stratified into 4 groups according to their glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR ; expressed as mL/min / -1.73 m ( 2 ) ) at implantation : group I , > 75.0 ; group II , - 60.0 to 74.9 ; group III , - 45.0 to 59.9 ; and group IV , - < or = 45.0 . mortality was the primary end point , with differences in survival times among the 4 groups of patients expressed in Kaplan-Meier curves . follow-up was 3.5 y ( range 0.1 to 12.9 y ) , during which 67 patients died ( 19 % ) . in each eGFR group was : I - 6.8 % , II - 13.8 % , III - 11.5 % , IV - 45.8 % ( p < 0.001 ) . times ( mean , y ) were I , 3.74 ; II , 3.66 ; III , 3.38 , and IV , 2.82 . presence of diabetes was not a factor in the outcomes . treated with an ICD with an eGFR of < or = 45.0 mL/min/1 .73 m ( 2 ) have a significantly shorter survival time than those patients with an eGFR > 45.0 mL/min/1 .73 m ( 2 ) . with an eGFR > 45.0 mL/min/1 .73 m ( 2 ) appear to have equally good outcomes when treated with an ICD . may have implications for patient selection for ICD therapy ."
2964,Abstract #2964,"hernia and gastroesophageal reflux disease commonly coexist , and there is pathophysiological evidence that the presence of a hiatus hernia contributes to abnormal acid reflux . , the cause of hiatus hernia remains unclear . an animal model , it has been shown that acute acid injury to the esophagus results in esophageal shortening , raising the possibility that reflux esophagitis per se can contribute to the formation of hiatus hernia by inducing esophageal shortening . determine whether luminal acid produces esophageal shortening in humans . volunteers were each studied on two occasions , one week apart , in a double-blind , crossover trial . location of the lower esophageal sphincter ( LES ) , as well as the LES resting pressure and axial length were determined at baseline and then again after 20 min of either acid or saline perfusion . perfusion did not induce significant changes in resting LES pressure but resulted in proximal migration of the LES ( ie , esophageal shortening ) by an average of 0.5 cm , with the largest proximal migration being 1.8 cm . contrast , saline perfusion resulted in slight distal migration of the LES ( ie , esophageal lengthening ) . acid perfusion causes longitudinal axis shortening of the esophagus and suggests that gastroesophageal acid reflux may contribute to the cause of hiatus hernia ."
2965,Abstract #2965,"has been demonstrated that , in comparison with bare-metal stents ( BMS ) , sirolimus-eluting stents ( SES ) reduce restenosis after the percutaneous revascularization of small coronary arteries , but the long-term clinical outcomes of this treatment have not yet been investigated . long-term SES-SMART clinical study was a multicentre , prospective , randomized , single-blind study of 257 patients receiving a SES or BMS in a small coronary artery , who were evaluated at discharge , 30 days , 8 and 24 months after stenting . clinical endpoint of the study was a 24 months composite of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events , which included death , non-fatal myocardial infarction , ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularization ( TLR ) , and cerebrovascular accident . 24 months follow-up was completed by 254 patients ( 98.8 % ) . use of SES was associated with a significantly lower incidence of the clinical endpoint ( 12.6 % vs. 33.1 % ; HR 0.30 , 95 % CI : 0.17-0 .55 ; P < 0.0001 ) , which was not only due to a reduction in TLR ( 7.9 % vs. 29.9 % ; HR 0.30 , 95 % CI : 0.16-0 .59 ; P < 0.0001 ) , but also to a reduction in myocardial infarction ( 1.6 % vs. 10.2 % ; HR 0.09 , 95 % CI : 0.01-0 .66 ; P = 0.018 ) . comparison with BMS , the use of SES in the percutaneous revascularization of small coronary arteries is associated with improved clinical outcomes after 2 years follow-up ."
2966,Abstract #2966,"randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate in bulimia nervosa . with DSM-IV bulimia nervosa were randomly assigned in equal proportions to receive topiramate ( N = 35 ) or placebo ( N = 34 ) for 10 weeks ( between April 1999 and Dec. 2000 ) . treatment was started at 25 mg/day and titrated by 25 to 50 mg/week to a maximum of 400 mg/day . primary efficacy measure was mean weekly number of binge and/or purge days . outcome measures included mean weekly number of binge days and binge frequency , as well as mean weekly number of purge days and purge frequency . outpatients ( 33 placebo , 31 topiramate ) were included in the intent-to-treat analysis . median topiramate dose was 100 mg/day ( range , 25-400 mg/day ) . + / - SD baseline number of weekly binge and/or purge days was 5.0 + / - 1.6 for topiramate patients and 5.1 + / - 1.5 for placebo patients . primary efficacy measure , mean weekly number of binge and/or purge days , decreased 44.8 % from baseline with topiramate versus 10.7 % with placebo ( p = .004 ) . mean weekly number of binge days decreased 48.2 % with topiramate versus 17.7 % with placebo ( p = .015 ) , and mean binge frequency decreased 49.2 % with topiramate versus 28.0 % with placebo ( p = .071 ) . mean weekly number of purge days decreased 43.4 % with topiramate versus 16.6 % with placebo ( p = .016 ) , and mean purge frequency decreased 49.8 % with topiramate versus 21.6 % with placebo ( p = .016 ) . patients ( 2 placebo , 1 topiramate ) discontinued from the trial due to adverse events . was associated with significant improvements in both binge and purge symptoms in this study population and represents a potential treatment for bulimia nervosa ."
2967,Abstract #2967,"a multivariate extension of the Baron and Kenny ( 1986 ) mediation framework , we examined the simultaneous effect of variables hypothesized to mediate the relationship between a motivationally tailored physical activity intervention , and 6-month physical activity behavior in 239 healthy , underactive adults ( M age = 47.5 ; 82 % women ) . were randomly assigned to ( a ) print-based feedback ; ( b ) telephone-based feedback ; or ( c ) contact control . variables , including self-efficacy , decisional balance , and processes of change . mediation criteria were satisfied for both intervention arms . moderate indirect effect of print ( 0.39 , 95 % CI = 0.21 , 0.57 ) was found due to increases in behavioral processes ( 0.54 , 95 % CI = 0.29 , 0.80 ) being attenuated by decreases due to cognitive processes ( -0.17 , 95 % CI = 0.31 , -.03 ) . moderate indirect effect was observed for telephone ( 0.47 , 95 % CI = 0.28 , 0.66 ) , with increases due to behavioral processes ( 0.61 , 95 % CI = 0.34 , 0.87 ) attenuated by decreases due to cognitive processes ( 0.15 , 95 % CI = -0.27 , -0.02 ) ; self-efficacy and decisional balance mediational paths did not attain statistical significance . findings highlight the importance of studies that deconstruct the theoretical components of interventions to determine which combination produces the greatest behavior changes at the lowest cost ."
2968,Abstract #2968,"adjuncts to fibrinolytic drugs for acute myocardial infarction increase the rate and speed of infarct artery recanalization . low-molecular-weight heparin might be preferable to unfractionated heparin for this indication , as it has been shown to be in several other thrombus-related vascular disorders . performed a pilot study in 20 patients , all receiving aspirin and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator . was to standard dose intravenous unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin ( the first dose given intravenously and followed by a subcutaneous administration ) . endpoint was stability of anticoagulant effect . produced stable therapeutic anti-Xa levels with minimal effect on activated partial thromboplastin times . heparin produced wide swings of these parameters , often outside desired levels . may be a better antithrombotic agent than conventional unfractionated heparin when used in conjunction with fibrinolytics ."
2969,Abstract #2969,"antibodies have been long used for the prevention of acute rejection early after heart transplantation ( HTx ) , but their adverse effects have limited their widespread use . aim was to evaluate the safety , tolerability , and efficacy of the novel anti-CD25 antibody basiliximab ( BAS ) compared with muromonab ( OKT3 ) . this multicenter study , 99 patients were randomly assigned to receive either BAS or OKT3 in the early post-HTx period . primary endpoint was safety and tolerability . safety variables were predefined for a better comparison of adverse effects . endpoints concerning anti-rejection efficacy were also evaluated . adverse events related to study medication were found in the BAS group , whereas 23 were observed among patients receiving OKT3 ( P < 0.0001 ) . proportion of patients with predefined adverse events day 4 post-HTx was much higher with OKT3 than with BAS ( 43 % vs. 4 % ; P < 0.0001 ) . , acute pulmonary edema , hypotension , and other complications accounted for most of the difference . 1-year follow-up , biopsy-proven rejection episodes grade > or = 3A had occurred in 39.6 % of BAS patients versus 40.4 % of OKT3 patients ( P = 0.87 ) . were no differences in terms of severity and timing of acute rejection episodes . number of infectious episodes , complications not related to study medication , and actuarial survival were similar in both groups . this HTx study , induction therapy with BAS was safer and better tolerated than OKT3 , without significant differences in efficacy outcomes ."
2970,Abstract #2970,"acid-sequestering resins are known to be potent hypocholesterolaemic drugs , and a feeling of abdominal fullness has been reported as the most frequent adverse effect associated with their use . , this unique adverse effect of colestilan , abdominal fullness , may have the potential to reduce total food intake . aim of this study was to investigate the effect of colestilan , a new bile acid-sequestering resin , on the bodyweight of postmenopausal women who had previously dieted unsuccessfully . postmenopausal women who failed to diet successfully over a 4-week period were enrolled in this randomised , open-label , controlled study . were randomised to two groups : the colestilan group received four colestilan tablets administered in divided doses with three glasses of water before dinner and bedtime for 12 weeks ; the control group received three glasses of water before dinner and bedtime for 12 weeks . patients were monitored and were given the same diet instructions . weeks ' administration of colestilan in addition to diet instruction significantly reduced bodyweight and body mass index from 62.9 + / - 5.7 kg to 58.0 + / - 5.4 kg ( mean + / - SD ) and from 26.1 + / - 2.0 kg/m2 to 23.9 + / - 2.0 kg/m2 , respectively . were no significant differences in bodyweight before and after 12 weeks of treatment in the control group . may be useful for appetite control and exerts anti-obesity effects when used in conjunction with a weight-management programme ."
2971,Abstract #2971,"( SC ) octreotide acetate effectively relieves the diarrhea and flushing associated with carcinoid syndrome but requires long-term multiple injections daily . microencapsulated long-acting formulation ( LAR ) of octreotide acetate has been developed for once-monthly intramuscular dosing . randomized trial compared double-blinded octreotide LAR at 10 , 20 , and 30 mg every 4 weeks with open-label SC octreotide every 8 hours for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome . patients controlled with treatment of SC octreotide 0.3 to 0.9 mg/d whose symptoms returned during a washout period and who returned for at least the week 20 evaluation constituted the efficacy-assessable population . or partial treatment success was comparable in each of the four arms of the study ( SC , 58.3 % ; 10 mg , 66.7 % ; 20 mg , 71.4 % ; 30 mg , 61.9 % ; P > or = .72 for all pairwise comparisons ) . of stool frequency was similar in all treatment groups . episodes were best controlled in the 20-mg LAR and SC groups ; the 10-mg LAR treatment was least effective in the control of flushing . was well tolerated by patients in all four groups . octreotide steady-state concentrations are achieved , octreotide LAR controls the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome at least as well as SC octreotide . starting dose of 20 mg of octreotide LAR is recommended . SC octreotide is needed for approximately 2 weeks after initiation of octreotide LAR treatment . rescue SC injections may be required for possibly 2 to 3 months until steady-state octreotide levels from the LAR formulation are achieved ."
2972,Abstract #2972,"of prolotherapy ( injection of growth factors or growth factor stimulators ) . the effects of dextrose prolotherapy on knee osteoarthritis with or without anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) laxity . randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial . physical medicine clinic . months or more of pain along with either grade 2 or more joint narrowing or grade 2 or more osteophytic change in any knee compartment . total of 38 knees were completely void of cartilage radiographically in at least 1 compartment . bimonthly injections of 9 cc of either 10 % dextrose and .075 % lidocaine in bacteriostatic water ( active solution ) versus an identical control solution absent 10 % dextrose . dextrose-treated joints then received 3 further bimonthly injections of 10 % dextrose in open-label fashion . analogue scale for pain and swelling , frequency of leg buckling , goniometrically measured flexion , radiographic measures of joint narrowing and osteophytosis , and KT1000-measured anterior displacement difference ( ADD ) . knees : Hotelling multivariate analysis of paired observations between 0 and 6 months for pain , swelling , buckling episodes , and knee flexion range revealed significantly more benefit from the dextrose injection ( P = .015 ) . 12 months ( 6 injections ) the dextrose-treated knees improved in pain ( 44 % decrease ) , swelling complaints ( 63 % decrease ) , knee buckling frequency ( 85 % decrease ) , and in flexion range ( 14 degree increase ) . of blinded radiographic readings of 0 - and 12-month films revealed stability of all radiographic variables except for 2 variables which improved with statistical significance . Lateral patellofemoral cartilage thickness [ P = .019 ] and distal femur width in mm [ P = .021 ] . with ACL laxity : 6-month ( 3 injection ) data revealed no significant improvement . , Hotelling multivariate analysis of paired values at 0 and 12 months for pain , swelling , joint flexion , and joint laxity in the dextrose-treated knees , revealed a statistically significant improvement ( P = .021 ) . paired t tests indicated that blinded measurement of goniometric knee flexion range improved by 12.8 degrees ( P = .005 ) , and ADD improved by 57 % ( P = .025 ) . out of 13 dextrose-treated knees with ACL laxity were no longer lax at the conclusion of 1 year . injection with 10 % dextrose resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements in knee osteoarthritis . blinded radiographic readings ( 1-year films , with 3-year total follow-up period planned ) demonstrated improvement in several measures of osteoarthritis severity . laxity , when present in these osteoarthritic patients , improved ."
2973,Abstract #2973,"with sickle cell disease ( SCD ) or sickle cell trait ( SCT ) may not have information about genetic inheritance needed for making informed reproductive health decisions . is a Web-based , multimedia educational intervention that provides information about reproductive options and consequences to help those with SCD or SCT identify and implement an informed parenting plan . of CHOICES compared with usual care must be evaluated . purpose was to compare immediate posttest effects of CHOICES versus an attention-control usual care intervention ( e-Book ) on SCD - / SCT-related reproductive health knowledge , intention , and behavior . a randomized controlled study , we recruited subjects with SCD/SCT from clinics , community settings , and online networks with data collected at sites convenient to the 234 subjects with SCD ( n = 136 ) or SCT ( n = 98 ) . ages ranged from 18 to 35 years ; 65 % were women , and 94 % were African American . completed a measure of sickle cell reproductive knowledge , intention , and behavior before and immediately after the intervention . with the e-Book group , the CHOICES group had significantly higher average knowledge scores and probability of reporting a parenting plan to avoid SCD or SCD and SCT when pretest scores were controlled . on intention and planned behavior were not significant . CHOICES group showed significant change in their intention and planned behavior , whereas the e-Book group did not show significant change in their intention , but their planned behavior differed significantly . efficacy findings are encouraging but warrant planned booster sessions and outcome follow-ups to determine sustained intervention efficacy on reproductive health knowledge , intention , and actual behavior of persons with SCD/SCT ."
2974,Abstract #2974,"hepatitis A and B vaccine administered on an accelerated schedule provides a rapid immune response against both hepatitis A and B viruses , which might be especially relevant for individuals who need protection quickly . prospective , open-label , randomized study to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine Twinrix ( GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals , Rixensart , Belgium ) ( > or = 720 EL.U / mL inactivated hepatitis A antigen and 20 microg/mL recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen [ HBsAg ] ) administered at 0 , 7 , 21 to 30 days , and 12 months compared with concurrent administration of Havrix [ GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals , Rixensart , Belgium ( > or = 1440 EL.U / mL inactivated hepatitis A antigen ) ] at 0 and 12 months , and Engerix-B [ GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals , Rixensart , Belgium ( 20 microg/mL recombinant HBsAg ) ] at 0 , 1 , 2 , and 12 months in seronegative healthy adults . month 13 , the anti-hepatitis B seroprotection rates ( > 10 mIU/mL ) for the combined vaccine compared to the monovalent hepatitis B vaccine were 96.4 % ( 95 % CI : 92.7-98 .5 ) and 93.4 % ( 95 % CI : 89.0-96 .4 ) , respectively . anti-hepatitis A seroconversion rates were 100 % in both groups ( 95 % CI : 98.1-100 ) . day 37 , the anti-hepatitis A seroconversion rates were similar in both groups ( 98.5 % for combined vaccine , 98.6 % for the monovalent vaccine group ) , but the combined vaccine resulted in a statistically significantly ( p < 0.001 ) better anti-hepatitis B seroprotection compared to monovalent hepatitis B vaccine , 63.2 % versus 43.5 % , respectively . reactogenicity profile was similar in both study groups . combined hepatitis A and B vaccine administered on an accelerated schedule was at least as immunogenic and as well tolerated as the corresponding monovalent vaccines ."
2975,Abstract #2975,"therapy previously has been shown to reduce skeletal complications effectively for up to 12 months in breast carcinoma patients with bone metastases . current study data provide further follow-up results regarding the effects of long term ( up to 24 months ) pamidronate treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic metastases . results from two prospective , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled intervention trials conducted at academic and community oncology centers were combined to provide a large data set with which to evaluate the long term efficacy and safety of pamidronate therapy . hundred fifty-four women with Stage IV breast carcinoma and osteolytic metastases were randomized to the 2 treatment arms of the trial . patients were excluded from the intent-to-treat population for the analysis . total of 751 evaluable patients were randomized to receive either a 90-mg intravenous pamidronate infusion ( 367 patients ) or a placebo infusion ( 384 patients ) every 3-4 weeks . primary outcome measures were skeletal morbidity rate ( events/year ) , proportion of patients developing a skeletal complication , and time to first skeletal complication . the 367 women receiving pamidronate , 115 ( 31.3 % ) completed the trial and 81 ( 22.1 % ) discontinued the study due to adverse events . the 384 women who received placebo , 100 ( 26.0 % ) completed the study and 76 ( 19.8 % ) discontinued the study due to adverse events . skeletal morbidity rate was 2.4 in the pamidronate group and 3.7 in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . the pamidronate group , 186 of the 367 patients ( 51 % ) had skeletal complications compared with 246 of the 384 patients in the placebo group ( 64 % ) ( P < 0.001 ) . median time to first skeletal complication was 12.7 months in the pamidronate group and 7 months in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . patients treated with pamidronate discontinued treatment due to drug-related adverse events . and analgesic scores were significantly worse in the placebo group compared with those patients in the pamidronate group . the current study , monthly infusions of 90 mg of pamidronate as a supplement to antineoplastic therapy were found to be well tolerated and superior to antineoplastic therapy alone in preventing skeletal complications and palliating symptoms for at least 24 months in breast carcinoma patients with osteolytic bone metastases ."
2976,Abstract #2976,"specific clinical benefit of the homeopathic consultation and of homeopathic remedies in patients with depression has not yet been investigated . investigate the 1 ) specific effect of individualized homeopathic Q-potencies compared to placebo and 2 ) the effect of an extensive homeopathic case taking ( case history I ) compared to a shorter , rather conventional one ( case history II ) in the treatment of acute major depression ( moderate episode ) after six weeks . randomized , partially double-blind , placebo-controlled , four-armed trial using a 22 factorial design with a six-week study duration per patient was performed . total of 44 from 228 planned patients were randomized ( 2121 randomization : 16 homeopathic Q-potencies/case history I , 7 placebo/case history I , 14 homeopathic Q-potencies/case history II , 7 placebo/case history II ) . of recruitment problems , the study was terminated prior to full recruitment , and was underpowered for the preplanned confirmatory hypothesis testing . data analyses showed heterogeneous and inconclusive results with large variance in the sample . mean difference for the Hamilton-D after 6 weeks was 2.0 ( 95 % CI -1.2 ; 5.2 ) for Q-potencies vs. placebo and -3.1 ( -5.9 ; -0.2 ) for case history I vs. case history II . , no consistent or clinically relevant results across all outcomes between homeopathic Q-potencies versus placebo and homeopathic versus conventional case taking were observed . frequency of adverse events was comparable for all groups . our results are inconclusive , given that recruitment into this trial was very difficult and we had to terminate early , we can not recommend undertaking a further trial addressing this question in a similar setting . Dr. Claudia Witt had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis . identifier NCT01178255 . publication : http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/12/1/43 ."
2977,Abstract #2977,"studies indicated that oral estrogen increased C-reactive protein by a first-pass hepatic effect . this study , we determine whether the route of estrogen administration influences serum amyloid A ( SAA ) , another acute-phase protein produced by the liver , and the SAA content of the high-density lipoprotein ( HDL-SAA ) in postmenopausal women . 29 postmenopausal women without coronary heart disease , we conducted a randomized crossover placebo-controlled study to compare effects of transdermal versus oral estrogen on SAA and HDL-SAA . , apolipoprotein A-I , HDL , and HDL-SAA were measured before and after 8 weeks of transdermal estradiol ( 100 microg per day ) , oral-conjugated estrogens ( 0.625 mg per day ) , or placebo . found that oral estrogen significantly increased levels of SAA , HDL , and HDL-SAA , whereas transdermal estrogen reduced both SAA and HDL-SAA but had no effect on HDL in the same women . estrogen increased SAA and altered HDL composition to contain a higher level of SAA by a first-pass hepatic mechanism . elevated SAA levels predict adverse prognosis in healthy postmenopausal women , and elevated HDL-SAA levels have been shown to interfere with HDL function , the route of administration may be an important consideration in minimizing side effects of estrogen replacement therapy on cardiovascular outcomes ."
2978,Abstract #2978,"virus and Marburg virus cause serious disease outbreaks with high case fatality rates . aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two investigational DNA vaccines , one ( EBO vaccine ) encoding Ebola virus Zaire and Sudan glycoproteins and one ( MAR ) encoding Marburg virus glycoprotein . 247 was a phase 1b , double-blinded , randomised , placebo-controlled clinical trial in Kampala , Uganda to examine the safety and immunogenicity of the EBO and MAR vaccines given individually and concomitantly . adult volunteers aged 18-50 years were randomly assigned ( 5:1 ) to receive three injections of vaccine or placebo at weeks 0 , 4 , and 8 , with vaccine allocations divided equally between three active vaccine groups : EBO vaccine only , MAR vaccine only , and both vaccines . primary study objective was to investigate the safety and tolerability of the vaccines , as assessed by local and systemic reactogenicity and adverse events . also assessed immunogenicity on the basis of antibody responses ( ELISA ) and T-cell responses ( ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining assays ) 4 weeks after the third injection . and investigators were masked to group assignment . was based on the intention-to-treat principle . trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00997607 . participants were enrolled into the study between Nov 2 , 2009 , and April 15 , 2010 . 108 participants received at least one study injection ( including 100 who completed the injection schedule ) and were included in safety and tolerability analyses ; 107 for whom data were available were included in the immunogenicity analyses . injections were well tolerated , with no significant differences in local or systemic reactions between groups . vaccines elicited antibody and T-cell responses specific to the glycoproteins received and we detected no differences between the separate and concomitant use of the two vaccines . of 30 ( 57 % , 95 % CI 37-75 ) participants in the EBO vaccine group had an antibody response to the Ebola Zaire glycoprotein , as did 14 of 30 ( 47 % , 28-66 ) in the group that received both vaccines . of 30 ( 50 % , 31-69 ) participants in the EBO vaccine group had an antibody response to the Ebola Sudan glycoprotein , as did 15 of 30 ( 50 % , 31-69 ) in the group that received both vaccines . of 29 ( 31 % , 15-51 ) participants in the MAR vaccine groups had an antibody response to the Marburg glycoprotein , as did seven of 30 ( 23 % , 10-42 ) in the group that received both vaccines . of 30 ( 63 % , 44-80 ) participants in the EBO vaccine group had a T-cell response to the Ebola Zaire glycoprotein , as did 10 of 30 ( 33 % , 17-53 ) in the group that received both vaccines . of 30 ( 43 % , 25-63 ) participants in the EBO vaccine group had a T-cell response to the Ebola Sudan glycoprotein , as did 10 of 30 ( 33 % , 17-53 ) in the group that received both vaccines . of 29 ( 52 % , 33-71 ) participants in the MAR vaccine group had a T-cell response to the Marburg glycoprotein , as did 13 of 30 ( 43 % , 25-63 ) in the group that received both vaccines . study is the first Ebola or Marburg vaccine trial done in Africa , and the results show that , given separately or together , both vaccines were well tolerated and elicited antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses . findings have contributed to the accelerated development of more potent Ebola virus vaccines that encode the same wild-type glycoprotein antigens as the EBO vaccine , which are being assessed during the 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in west Africa . Department of Defense Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program and US National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program ."
2979,Abstract #2979,"fibrillation is a frequently occurring arrhythmia after thoracic operations . strategies for this complication have been extensively evaluated after cardiac operations . performed a prospective , open randomized study , comparing intravenous verapamil and placebo in 199 patients after pneumonectomy or lobectomy at the University Hospital of Leuven . was administered as a bolus of 10 mg over 2 minutes followed by a 30-minute infusion of 0.375 mg/min and then 0.125 mg/min for 3 days . patients were continuously monitored in the postoperative intensive care unit . fibrillation occurred in 15 % of the patients receiving placebo and in 8 % of the patients receiving verapamil ( difference not significant ) . verapamil infusion was interrupted in 9 % of the patients because of bradycardia and in 14 % because of hypotension . tolerated , continuous intravenous verapamil infusion showed only a modest prophylactic efficacy for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after lung operations . the dose employed the verapamil infusion was accompanied with a high incidence of side effects necessitating interruption of the therapy ."
2980,Abstract #2980,"of a high-fat diet has been demonstrated to promote endothelial dysfunction , possibly through an increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in serum nitric oxide . present study was designed to investigate whether consumption of a hamburger cooked with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture will reduce postprandial lipid oxidation and endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes . subjects consumed burgers cooked with salt only ( control burger ) or with salt and spice mix ( spice burger ) in randomized order . postprandial concentration of urinary malondialdehyde and nitrate/nitrite as well as the peripheral arterial tonometry score were determined . subjects completed the study . serum glucose , insulin and triglyceride concentrations were similar in all subjects after control burger or spice burger consumption . malondialdehyde excretion in mmol/g creatinine was reduced by 31 % ( P < 0.001 ) after consuming the spice burger compared with the control burger . hours after consumption of the burgers , the peripheral arterial tonometry score was significantly different between control burger consumption ( -9.7 21.5 % ) and spice burger consumption ( +18.0 42.4 % ) ( P = 0.025 ) . urinary nitrate/nitrite concentrations in urine collected during the 6 h after consumption of the control burger was 9.09 5.7 mmol/g creatinine , but 12.37 7.00 mmol/g creatinine after the spice burger ( P = 0.053 ) . a spice mix to hamburger meat prior to cooking resulted in a reduction in urinary malondialdehyde , an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite and improvement of postprandial endothelial dysfunction in men with Type 2 diabetes . , cooking a hamburger with a polyphenol-rich spice mixture may lead to potential cardiovascular benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus ."
2981,Abstract #2981,"and safety of biphasic insulin aspart ( BIAsp 30 , 30 % short-acting and 70 % intermediate-acting insulin aspart ) added to an optimized treatment of metformin and pioglitazone ( met/pio ) were compared with treatment with optimized met/pio in type 2 diabetes patients . randomized , 34-week , parallel-group study enrolled insulin-naive , type 2 diabetes patients ( HbA ( 1c ) 7.5-12 .0 % ) previously using two oral antidiabetic ( OAD ) agents . an 8-week run-in period , treatment was changed to met/pio and doses were adjusted up to 2500 mg/day and 30 or 45 mg/day respectively . either continued met/pio alone or added BIAsp 30 initiated at 6 units twice daily and titrated to target plasma glucose ( PG ) ( 4.4-6 .1 mmol/l ) . end-of-study , subjects treated with BIAsp 30 + met/pio ( n = 93 ) had a mean ( + / - s.d. ) HbA ( 1c ) reduction significantly greater than treatment with met/pio ( n = 88 ) ( 1.5 % + / - 1.1 vs. 0.2 % + / - 0.9 , p < 0.0001 between groups ) . treated with BIAsp 30 + met/pio were more likely to reach The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and European Association for the Study of Diabetes/American Diabetes Association HbA ( 1c ) targets of < or = 6.5 and < 7.0 % , respectively , than with met/pio only ( HbA ( 1c ) < or = 6.5 % : 59 vs. 12 % ; HbA ( 1c ) < 7.0 % : 76 vs. 24 % ) . end-of-study , self-monitored glucose profile values at all eight daily time points were significantly less for the BIAsp 30 + met/pio group compared with the met/pio group , and minor hypoglycaemia ( defined as PG < 3.1 mmol/l ) was more frequent ( 8.3 vs. 0.1 events/year , p < 0.001 ) . groups gained weight during treatment ( BIAsp 30 + met/pio , 4.6 + / - 4.3 kg ; met/pio , 0.8 + / - 3.2 kg ; p < 0.001 ) . of insulin in type 2 patients treated with met/pio is an effective way to achieve glycaemic targets . with BIAsp 30 + met/pio achieved significantly greater reduction in HbA ( 1c ) , as compared with met/pio alone . patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by 2 OADs , more achieved glycaemic targets using BIAsp 30 + met/pio than using met/pio alone ."
2982,Abstract #2982,"compare posterior capsule opacification ( PCO ) between 2 microincision hydrophilic intraocular lenses ( IOLs ) and with a conventional spherical hydrophobic IOL . Thomas ' Hospital , London , United Kingdom . randomized comparative study . microincision Acri.Smart 36A ( negatively aspheric ) or Akreos MI-60 ( aspherically neutral ) IOL was randomized to the first eye of patients with the alternative IOL implanted in the fellow eye within 3 weeks . , 100 % and 9 % logMAR corrected distance visual acuity ( CDVA ) were assessed . photographs were analyzed using the posterior capsule opacity software system . data on PCO scores were compared with those of a conventional spherical hydrophobic IOL ( Acrysof SN60AT ) . hundred percent CDVA was significantly better at 12 months and 9 % CDVA was better at 6 , 12 , and 24 months ( P < .05 ) with the negatively aspheric IOL . eye in each group with microincision IOLs developed capsule phimosis at 1 month . : YAG capsulotomies were required by 2 years in 2 eyes with a negatively aspheric IOL and 8 eyes with an aspherically neutral IOL . 24 months , the mean PCO score remained less than 10 % with the conventional spherical IOL , whereas it increased with time in the negatively aspheric IOL ( up to 16 % ) and the aspherically neutral IOL ( up to 23 % ) . negatively aspheric IOL had a better PCO profile than the aspherically neutral IOL . may be attributed to the difference in the edge design between the IOLs . microincision IOLs had more PCO than the conventional 1-piece hydrophobic IOL ."
2983,Abstract #2983,"ulcer is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding ( GIB ) and nutritional support is a helpful strategy in malnutrition prevention during treatment . early oral feeding in patients with GIB may shorten hospital stay and decrease costs and risk of infection , the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of early oral feeding on relapse and symptoms of upper GIB . present clinical trial was conducted with the participation of 100 patients with upper GIB due to gastric or duodenum ulcer at Emam Reza University Hospital in Tabriz . were randomly allocated to two groups ( n = 50 ) . one group , patients received oral diet from day 1 and in other group patients were nil by mouth until day 3 and then received oral diet . and clinical findings of patients were recorded from day 1 to 3 . mean age of subjects was 57.61.7 and 63 % were male . was used in most cases as a hemostasis treatment . was no significant difference in laboratory findings and rebleeding between the two groups . the group with early oral feeding , the time of hospital stay was significantly shorter than in the control group ( P < 0.001 ) . early oral feeding had no significant effects on electrolyte balance and treatment outcomes in patients with upper GIB who were treated with endoscopic hemostasis , it could effectively shorten the hospital stay . , early oral feeding in these patients enables early discharge and reduces the costs of treatment ."
2984,Abstract #2984,"children with severe persistent allergic ( IgE-mediated ) asthma remain inadequately controlled despite treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids ( ICS ) plus a long-acting beta ( 2 ) - agonist ( LABA ) . pre-specified analysis of a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of omalizumab in children ( 6 - < 12 years ) with perennial allergen sensitivity , and history of asthma exacerbations and symptoms despite treatment with ICS ( fluticasone > or = 500 microg x day ( -1 ) or equivalent ) plus a LABA . received omalizumab ( 75-375 mg once or twice a month by subcutaneous injection , as determined from dosing tables ) or placebo over 52 weeks ( 24-week fixed-steroid then 28-week adjustable-steroid phases ) . of 246 randomized patients ( omalizumab , n = 166 ; placebo , n = 80 ) , efficacy was analysed in 235 ( omalizumab , n = 159 ; placebo , n = 76 ) . the 24-week fixed-steroid phase , omalizumab reduced the rate of clinically significant asthma exacerbations ( worsening symptoms requiring doubling of baseline ICS dose and/or systemic steroids ) by 34 % versus placebo ( 0.42 vs 0.63 , rate ratio 0.662 ; P = 0.047 ) . 52 weeks , the exacerbation rate was reduced by 50 % ( P < 0.001 ) . had an acceptable safety profile , with no statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) differences in adverse events observed between omalizumab and placebo . omalizumab is well-tolerated and reduces exacerbations in children ( 6 - < 12 years ) with severe persistent allergic asthma , inadequately controlled despite high-dose ICS plus a LABA . should be noted that the sample size was not based on providing statistical power in the severe subgroup , and no corrections were made for multiple comparisons ; however , outcomes consistently favoured omalizumab ."
2985,Abstract #2985,"purpose of this study was to examine predictors of treatment response to cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT ) for depression in Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) . sample comprised 80 depressed ( DSM-IV criteria ) adults with PD ( 60 % male ) and their caregivers who participated in an National Institutes of Health-sponsored randomized-controlled trial of CBT vs. clinical monitoring from April 2007 until July 2010 . administered CBT was provided to people with PD for 10 weeks , modified to address the unique needs of the medical population , and supplemented with up to 4 separate caregiver educational sessions . response was defined a priori as a rating of depression much improved or very much improved on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale or 50 % reduction in the baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score . was hypothesized ( a priori ) that caregiver participation in treatment , motor disability , psychiatric comorbidity , and executive functioning would be significant predictors of response to CBT at end-of-treatment ( Week 10 ) and short-term follow-up ( Week 14 ) . Week 10 , caregiver participation was the only significant predictor of treatment response in the CBT group . Week 14 , both caregiver participation and executive functioning predicted response to CBT . group , baseline depression severity , executive functioning , motor disability , psychiatric comorbidity , marital status , and caregiver burden were also related to change in depression scores , for all participants , in secondary and exploratory models . participation may enhance acute treatment response to psychosocial interventions for depression in PD . research is needed to extend and replicate these findings ."
2986,Abstract #2986,"evidence from epidemiological , preclinical and clinical studies suggests estrogens may have psychoprotective effects in schizophrenic patients . Estrogen Receptor Modulators could have therapeutic benefits in schizophrenia for both sexes without being hazardous to gynecological tissues or having feminizing effects . studies have been conducted regarding the effects of raloxifene on postmenopausal women suffering from schizophrenia . conducted this placebo-controlled trial to compare the add-on effect of raloxifene to risperidone versus risperidone with placebo . was an 8-week , parallel-group , placebo-controlled trial undertaken at two universities affiliated psychiatric Hospitals in Iran . postmenopausal women with the definite diagnosis of schizophrenia were enrolled in the study . received risperidone ( 6 mg/day in 3 divided doses ) combined with either placebo ( N = 23 ) or 120 mg/day of raloxifene ( N = 23 ) for 8 weeks . were assessed by a psychiatrist at baseline and at 2 and 8 weeks after the start of medical therapy . was defined as the change from baseline to endpoint in score on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) . PANSS scores , the main effect comparing two types of intervention was not significant [ F ( 1 , 48 ) = 1.77 , p = 0.18 ] . positive subscale scores , there was marginal significant interaction between intervention type and time [ F ( 2 , 47 ) = 2.93 , p = 0.06 ] and there was substantial main effect for time [ F ( 2 , 47 ) = 24.39 , p = 0.001 ] within both groups showing reduction in positive subscale scores across the three time periods . addition , the main effect comparing two types of intervention was significant [ F ( 1 , 48 ) = 3.78 , p = 0.02 ] . the other hand , for negative subscale scores , the main effect comparing two types of intervention was not significant [ F ( 1 , 48 ) = 1.43 , p = 0.23 ] . general subscale scores , the main effect comparing two types of intervention was not significant [ F ( 1 , 48 ) = 0.03 , p = 0.86 ] . to our findings , raloxifene as an adjunctive treatment to risperidone was only superior in improvement of positive symptoms and it was not effective in treating negative and general psychopathology symptoms . trial was registered at the Iranian registry of clinical trials : IRCT201205131556N42 ."
2987,Abstract #2987,"compare the safety and efficacy of insulin analogs and human insulins both during acute intravenous treatment and during the transition to subcutaneous insulin in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis ( DKA ) . a controlled multicenter and open-label trial , we randomly assigned patients with DKA to receive intravenous treatment with regular or glulisine insulin until resolution of DKA . resolution of ketoacidosis , patients treated with intravenous regular insulin were transitioned to subcutaneous NPH and regular insulin twice daily ( n = 34 ) . treated with intravenous glulisine insulin were transitioned to subcutaneous glargine once daily and glulisine before meals ( n = 34 ) . were no differences in the mean duration of treatment or in the amount of insulin infusion until resolution of DKA between intravenous treatment with regular and glulisine insulin . transition to subcutaneous insulin , there were no differences in mean daily blood glucose levels , but patients treated with NPH and regular insulin had a higher rate of hypoglycemia ( blood glucose < 70 mg/dl ) . patients ( 41 % ) treated with NPH and regular insulin had 26 episodes of hypoglycemia and 5 patients ( 15 % ) in the glargine and glulisine group had 8 episodes of hypoglycemia ( P = 0.03 ) . and glulisine insulin are equally effective during the acute treatment of DKA . transition to subcutaneous glargine and glulisine after resolution of DKA resulted in similar glycemic control but in a lower rate of hypoglycemia than with NPH and regular insulin . , a basal bolus regimen with glargine and glulisine is safer and should be preferred over NPH and regular insulin after the resolution of DKA ."
2988,Abstract #2988,"activity levels of Australia 's ageing population are declining and coincidentally rates of overweight and obesity are increasing . levels of physical activity and a healthy diet are recognised as important lifestyle factors for the maintenance of a healthy weight and prevention of chronic diseases . village ( RV ) residents rarely engage in physical activity and nutrition programmes offered , with poor attendance and low use of existing facilities such as on-site fitness centres and classes and nutrition seminars . RV provides a unique setting to access and engage with this older target group , to test the effectiveness of strategies to increase levels of physical activity , improve nutrition and maintain a healthy weight . cluster-randomised controlled trial will evaluate a physical activity , nutrition and healthy weight management intervention for insufficiently active ( ` not achieving 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week ' ) adults aged 60-75 residing in RV 's . total of 400 participants will be recruited from 20 randomly selected RV 's in Perth , Western Australia . will be assigned to either the intervention group ( n = 10 ) or the control group ( n = 10 ) each containing 200 participants . Retirement Village Physical Activity and Nutrition for Seniors ( RVPANS ) programme is a home-based physical activity and nutrition programme that includes educational resources , along with facilitators who will motivate and guide the participants during the 6-month intervention . statistics and mixed regression models will be performed to assess the intervention effects . trial will evaluate an intervention for the modification of health risk factors in the RV setting . research conducted in RV 's has been limited . University Human Research Ethics Committee ( approval number : HR128/2012 ) . of the study results will occur through publications , reports , conference presentations and community seminars . and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ( ACTRN12612001168842 ) ."
2989,Abstract #2989,"the significant health benefits of regular physical activity , approximately half of American adults , particularly women and minorities , do not meet the current physical activity recommendations . phone technologies are readily available , easily accessible and may provide a potentially powerful tool for delivering physical activity interventions . , we need to understand how to effectively apply these mobile technologies to increase and maintain physical activity in physically inactive women . purpose of this paper is to describe the study design and protocol of the mPED ( mobile phone based physical activity education ) randomized controlled clinical trial that examines the efficacy of a 3-month mobile phone and pedometer based physical activity intervention and compares two different 6-month maintenance interventions . randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) with three arms ; 1 ) PLUS ( 3-month mobile phone and pedometer based physical activity intervention and 6-month mobile phone diary maintenance intervention ) , 2 ) REGULAR ( 3-month mobile phone and pedometer based physical activity intervention and 6-month pedometer maintenance intervention ) , and 3 ) CONTROL ( pedometer only , but no intervention will be conducted ) . total of 192 physically inactive women who meet all inclusion criteria and successfully complete a 3-week run-in will be randomized into one of the three groups . mobile phone serves as a means of delivering the physical activity intervention , setting individualized weekly physical activity goals , and providing self-monitoring ( activity diary ) , immediate feedback and social support . mobile phone also functions as a tool for communication and real-time data capture . primary outcome is objectively measured physical activity . efficacy of the intervention with a mobile phone is demonstrated , the results of this RCT will be able to provide new insights for current behavioral sciences and mHealth . # : NCTO1280812 ."
2990,Abstract #2990,"clinical trials showed that progression of coronary artery calcification ( CAC ) may be slower in hemodialysis patients treated with sevelamer than those treated with calcium-based phosphate binders . sevelamer decreases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) levels , we hypothesized that intensive lowering of LDL-C levels with atorvastatin in hemodialysis patients treated with calcium acetate would result in CAC progression rates similar to those in sevelamer-treated patients . , controlled , open-label , noninferiority trial with an upper bound for the noninferiority margin of 1.8 . prevalent hemodialysis patients at 26 dialysis centers with serum phosphorus levels greater than 5.5 mg/dL , LDL-C levels greater than 80 mg/dL , and baseline CAC scores of 30 to 7,000 units assessed by means of electron-beam computed tomography . patients were randomly assigned to calcium acetate , and 100 patients to sevelamer for 12 months to achieve phosphorus levels of 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dL . was added to achieve serum LDL-C levels less than 70 mg/dL in both groups . primary end point was change in CAC score assessed by means of electron-beam computed tomography . 12 months , mean serum LDL-C levels decreased to 68.8 + / - 22.0 mg/dL in the calcium-acetate group and 62.4 + / - 23.0 mg/dL in the sevelamer group ( P = 0.3 ) . mean increases in CAC scores were 35 % in the calcium-acetate group and 39 % in the sevelamer group , with a covariate-adjusted calcium acetate-sevelamer ratio of 0.994 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.851 to 1.161 ) . assignment was not blinded . 1.8 a priori margin is large , CAC is a surrogate outcome , duration of treatment was short , and dropout rate was high . intensive lowering of LDL-C levels for 1 year , hemodialysis patients treated with either calcium acetate or sevelamer experienced similar progression of CAC ."
2991,Abstract #2991,"compare the relative cost effectiveness of salmeterol ( 50 microg ) / fluticasone propionate ( 100 microg ) with that of oral montelukast ( 10mg ) as initial maintenance therapy in patients with persistent asthma uncontrolled on short-acting beta2-agonist therapy alone . cost-effectiveness analysis was performed based on effectiveness and resource utilisation data that was prospectively collected from a randomised , double-blind , double-dummy , 12-week trial . ( > 15 years of age ) who had asthma for at least 6 months . measurements in this analysis included improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) and symptom-free days ( SFDs ) . of asthma drug treatment as well as costs related to an asthma exacerbation were used in the cost analysis . study assumed a payer 's perspective . costs are in 2001 US dollars . the 423 patients eligible for the study , 211 were randomised to salmeterol/fluticasone propionate and 212 to montelukast . with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate resulted in a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved a 12 % increase in FEV ( 1 ) ( successful treatment ) [ salmeterol/fluticasone propionate : 71 % vs montelukast : 39 % ; p < 0.001 ] and percentage of SFDs ( salmeterol/fluticasone propionate : 46.8 % vs montelukast : 21.5 % ; p < 0.001 ) compared with montelukast . mean daily costs per successfully treated patient were lower in the salmeterol/fluticasone propionate group ( US dollars 5.03 , 95 % CI US dollars 4.61 to US dollars 5.50 ) compared with the montelukast group ( US dollars 8.25 , 95 % CI US dollars 6.98 to US dollars 9.93 ) . , per patient mean daily cost per SFD was lower with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate ( US dollars 7.63 , 95 % CI US dollars 6.90 to US dollars 8.50 ) compared with montelukast ( US dollars 14.89 , 95 % CI US dollars 12.36 to US dollars 17.98 ) . cost-effectiveness ratios ( ICERs ) showed that the additional costs to achieve these benefits with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate were minimal . regards to improvement in lung function , the ICER was US dollars 1.33 ( 95 % CI US dollars 0.80 to US dollars 2.02 ) and with regards to SFD , the ICER was US dollars 1.69 ( 95 % CI US dollars 1.01 to US dollars 2.48 ) . analysis demonstrated the stability of the results over a range of assumptions . a third-party payer perspective , this analysis shows that based on increased efficacy and only a slight increase in cost , twice-daily treatment with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate is more cost effective than once-daily treatment with montelukast as initial maintenance therapy for persistent asthma . finding complements the results of the clinical analyses indicating that treatment of both inflammation and bronchoconstriction with products such as salmeterol / fluticasone propionate may be more cost effective as initial maintenance asthma therapy than the use of leukotriene modifiers such as montelukast ."
2992,Abstract #2992,"evaluate the hypothesis that prophylactic insertion of Double-J stents after uncomplicated transurethral lithotripsy ( TUL ) can decrease the number of episodes of renal colic and their intensity in patients with recurrent ureteral stones ( those with three or more episodes of stone formation ) . a prospective randomized clinical trial from May 1999 to January 2004 , 195 patients with recurrent ureteral stones were included in our study ; 94 had stents in place for 4 weeks , and 101 patients remained stentless ( control group ) . few patients in each group had residual stone disease . patients were followed-up for a mean period of 24 months and questioned about the number and intensity of their episodes of renal colic , and were also evaluated for their rates of spontaneous stone passage . passage of stones was seen in 43 patients ( 45.7 % ; CI 95 % , 35.7 , 55.8 ) who underwent stenting , and 35 patients ( 34.7 % ; CI 95 % , 25.4 , 43.9 ) in the stentless group ( P > 0.05 ) . number of episodes of renal colic was significantly lower in the stented group ( P < 0.001 ) . of Double-J stents for 4 weeks after uncomplicated TUL in patients with recurrent ureteral stones significantly decreases the number of episodes of ureteral colic , although it does not decrease the rate of stone formation ."
2993,Abstract #2993,"assess blood pressure control after discontinuation of a physician-pharmacist collaborative intervention . analysis of data of the patients who received the intervention versus a control group from a prospective , cluster-randomized , 9-month efficacy trial and the same patients ' data 18 and 27 months after completion of the trial , abstracted from their medical records . primary care medical offices operated by a university health system . hundred four patients with hypertension ; 65 were in the intervention group , and 39 were in the control group . the prospective study , patients were randomized to receive a physician-pharmacist collaborative intervention to improve blood pressure control or to the control group . and diastolic blood pressures were measured by a research nurse at baseline and at the end of the study ( 9 mo later ) . the current study , data were abstracted for blood pressure and blood pressure control at 18 and 27 months ( 9 and 18 mo , respectively , after discontinuation of the study ) . baseline , mean + / - SD systolic blood pressure was 152.5 + / - 9.5 and 150.1 + / - 9.6 mm Hg in the intervention and control groups , respectively ( p = 0.22 ) . 9 months , systolic blood pressure decreased to 124.5 + / - 10.7 and 132.0 + / - 15.1 mm Hg ( p = 0.0038 between groups ) , and blood pressure was controlled in 78.5 % and 48.7 % ( p = 0.0017 ) of patients in the intervention and control groups , respectively . 18 months , systolic blood pressure had deteriorated to 131.0 + / - 12.2 and 143.3 + / - 17.5 mm Hg ( p < 0.001 ) , and blood pressure control rates decreased to 53.9 % and 30.8 % ( p = 0.02 ) . 27 months , systolic blood pressure was 131.3 + / - 13.0 and 141.2 + / - 15.8 mm Hg ( p = 0.0008 ) , and blood pressure control was 55.4 % and 35.9 % ( p = 0.05 ) . sustained positive effect on blood pressure control was noted up to 18 months after discontinuation of a physician-pharmacist collaborative intervention , when compared with a control group . pressure control did deteriorate at a similar rate in both the intervention and control groups , but the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure remained significantly higher in the intervention group . results suggest that continued interventions by pharmacists may be necessary to maintain high rates of blood pressure control , especially in those patients whose blood pressure begins to increase ."
2994,Abstract #2994,"renin-angiotensin system ( RAS ) activity may affect the severity of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers , we assessed the effects of enalapril ( E ) and/or losartan ( L ) on these markers in renal transplant recipients with RAS polymorphisms . determination by PCR of RAS genotypes , consisting of the angiotensin-converting enzymes ( ACE I/D ) , angiotensinogens ( AGT M235T ) and angiotensin II type 1 receptors ( ATR1 A1166C ) , 76 recipients were recruited randomly and assigned 4 groups . first ( n = 17 ) and second ( n = 24 ) groups were treated with E ( E ( + ) : 10 mg/d ) and L ( L ( + ) : 50 mg/d ) alone , respectively . third positive control group ( n = 17 ) received E + L ( E ( + ) L ( + ) : 10 mg/d + 50 mg/d ) and the fourth negative control group ( n = 18 ) received no medication ( E ( - ) : L ( - ) ) . C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and total antioxidant ( TA ) inflammatory and antioxidative markers were measured after 2 months . a 2-week washout period , the E ( + ) group was changed to L ( + ) and vice versa in a crossover design . were followed for another 8 weeks before retesting hs-CRP and TA . value of P < or = .05 was considered significant . 2 and 4 months of treatment with the drug regimen , hs-CRP and TA levels were significantly decreased and consequently increased among the E ( + ) L ( + ) , L ( + ) and E ( + ) groups ( P < .05 ) . analyzing the relationship between RAS polymorphisms and baseline hs-CRP or TA levels , CC genotype of ATR1 showed lower hs-CRP levels ( P = .04 ) . , none of the RAS polymorphisms predicted the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response rates to the drugs ( P > .05 ) . hs-CRP was lower in the CC genotype patients of ATR1 polymorphisms E and/or L reduced hs-CRP and increased TA regardless of the RAS genotype ."
2995,Abstract #2995,"aim of this study was test the hypothesis that homeopathy ( H ) enhances the effects of scaling and root planing ( SRP ) in patients with chronic periodontitis ( CP ) . patients with CP were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups : SRP ( C-G ) or SRP + H ( H-G ) . were made at baseline and after 3 and 12 months of treatments . local and systemic responses to the treatments were evaluated by clinical and serologic parameters , respectively . groups displayed significant improvements , however , using clinical attachment gain and reductions in HDL , LDL and Total Cholesterol , Triglycerides , Glucose and Uric acid , from baseline to 1 year , as criteria for treatment success , H-G performed significantly better than C-G . findings of this 1-year follow-up randomized clinical trial suggest that homeopathic medicines , as an adjunctive to SRP , can provide significant local and systemic improvements for CP patients ."
2996,Abstract #2996,"explore the scientific and standardized effect evaluation models of health education , to improve the effect evaluation quality . the stratified cluster sampling method , 270 junior middle school students from six classes of two ordinary junior middle schools were included . objectives were randomized into three groups , intervention group A ( with health education intervention , two questionnaire survey before and after intervention ) , intervention group B ( with health education intervention , one questionnaire survey after intervention ) , and control group C ( only with general hygienic knowledge education , two questionnaire surveys before and after intervention ) . increase of mean comprehensive score after intervention in intervention group A was significant compared to that before intervention , however , which was not significant in control group C. mean comprehensive score after intervention in intervention group A was significantly higher than that in intervention group B and control group C , respectively . the same circumstance existed between intervention group B and control group C. difference in the knowing rate for every specific item was not significantly different between intervention group A and control group C before intervention . intervention group A , the knowing rates for mass specific items were significantly increased before and after intervention . , in control group C , the knowing rate for only one specific item was significantly increased before and after intervention . intervention , the knowing rates of several specific items in intervention group A was significantly higher than those in intervention group B and control group C , respectively . the same circumstance existed between intervention group B and control group C . usage of the same questionnaire to the same group may result in overestimating the effect of health education ."
2997,Abstract #2997,"antimuscarinic agents have been developed for the treatment of overactive bladder ( OAB ) . data comparing these agents are still required . study evaluated the efficacy and safety of solifenacin and tolterodine in Taiwanese patients with OAB symptoms . was a prospective , randomized , open-label study . total of 75 patients ( 25 men and 50 women ) with OAB symptoms were randomized to treatment with solifenacin ( n = 39 ) or tolterodine ( n = 36 ) . and safety variables were assessed and compared with the baseline and between the two groups . week 12 , solifenacin and tolterodine demonstrated equal efficacy in reducing the number of micturition ( -2.56 3.31 vs. -2.44 4.56 , p = 0.58 ) , urgency ( -1.70 3.07 vs. -1.15 2.68 , p = 0.37 ) and incontinence ( -2.79 2.82 vs. -4.67 9.29 , p = 0.28 ) episodes per 24 hours . was no difference in improvement of the quality of life . patient and physician assessments of treatment benefit were not statistically different for solifenacin and tolterodine ( p = 0.23 and p = 0.52 , respectively ) , with the majority showing benefits in both groups . incidence of major adverse events , including dry mouth ( 18.0 % vs. 8.3 % , p = 0.31 ) and constipation ( 12.8 % vs. 2.8 % , p = 0.20 ) was not significantly different . with baseline , the severity of dry mouth did not increase in either group . solifenacin and tolterodine are effective in treating key OAB symptoms , including urinary frequency , urgency and incontinence in the Taiwanese population . medications are comparably effective and safe , with the most common adverse effects being dry mouth and constipation ."
2998,Abstract #2998,"pilot a method for determining whether homeopathically prepared mercury causes more symptoms ( a `` drug proving '' ) in healthy volunteers than placebo . hundred and eighteen ( 118 ) healthy volunteers ages 18 to 65 were recruited by local advertising . unfamiliar with homeopathy undertook a 1-week single-blind placebo run-in , a 1-week of double-blind , randomized treatment on either homeopathically prepared mercury 12C or placebo , and a third week of placebo run-out . day , symptoms were recorded on a checklist that included both true mercury symptoms and symptoms not expected to be caused by mercury ( false symptoms ) . symptoms were assessed by open reporting . was assessed by calculating a score for each day as the number of true symptoms minus the number of false symptoms . mean score during placebo was then subtracted from the mean score for weeks two and three of the trial . ( 14 ) subjects dropped out during placebo run-in . remaining 104 completed the trial . comparability was good . difference score was -0.125 ( SD 3.47 ) for mercury and -0.221 ( SD 3.01 ) for placebo ( p > 0.2 ) . significant differences between groups were found for the number of subjects meeting predefined criteria for a drug-proving reaction . pilot study failed to find evidence that mercury 12C causes significantly more symptoms in healthy volunteers than placebo . with a limited number of gross symptoms do not seem to be an appropriate methodological technique in drug proving research . drug-proving phenomena exist , they appear to be rare ."
2999,Abstract #2999,"investigated whether reduced cardiovascular risk is more related to the progressive decrease of asleep or awake blood pressure . studies have concluded that elevated sleep-time blood pressure is a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than awake or 24-h blood pressure means . , the impact on cardiovascular risk of changes in these ambulatory blood pressure characteristics has not been properly investigated . prospectively studied 3,344 subjects ( 1,718 men and 1,626 women ) , 52.6 14.5 years of age , during a median follow-up of 5.6 years . with hypertension at baseline were randomized to ingest all their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or 1 of them at bedtime . pressure was measured for 48 h at baseline and again annually or more frequently ( quarterly ) if treatment adjustment was required . data collected at baseline , when asleep blood pressure was adjusted by awake mean , only the former was a significant predictor of outcome in a Cox proportional hazards model also adjusted for sex , age , and diabetes . of changes in ambulatory blood pressure during follow-up revealed a 17 % reduction in cardiovascular risk for each 5-mm Hg decrease in asleep systolic blood pressure mean ( p < 0.001 ) , independently of changes in any other ambulatory blood pressure parameter . sleep-time blood pressure mean is the most significant prognostic marker of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . importantly , the progressive decrease in asleep blood pressure , a novel therapeutic target that requires proper patient evaluation by ambulatory monitoring , was the most significant predictor of event-free survival . Prognostic Value of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and Effects of Chronotherapy in Relation to Risk [ the MAPEC Study ] ; NCT00295542 ) ."
3000,Abstract #3000,"thrice daily dosing regimen of immediate release methylphenidate ( IR-MPH ) for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) requires in-school dosing , leading to issues surrounding dispensing and storage of controlled substances by school personnel and concerns over children?s privacy and the embarrassment associated with taking medication in public at school . ( OROS-MPH ) is a once-daily controlled-release formulation of methylphenidate ( MPH ) developed to overcome some of the limitations associated with IR-MPH and first-generation sustained-release formulations . , controlled trials ( RCTs ) that focus on treatment efficacy provide the best evidence for demonstrating whether an intervention works , but under ideal conditions one can not discount the importance of efficacy study results . , the most useful information to clinicians comes from an effectiveness study design . evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of OROS-MPH versus usual care with IR-MPH in children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD . 8 week , multicentre , open-label study randomized 147 subjects to either once-daily OROS-MPH or usual care with IR-MPH . were titrated to a clinically effective dose of either study medication over 4 weeks and maintained on that dose for an additional 4 weeks . SNAP-IV parent-rating scale was used to assess effectiveness . showed statistically significant superiority to IR-MPH in remission rate based on the 18 ADHD symptoms ( p = 0.0002 , X2 = 13.8 , df = 1 ) and severity of ADHD and ODD symptoms ( p = 0.004 , F = 8.4 , df = 1,127 ) , as well as on the following secondary assessments : IOWA Conners , Conners Parent Rating Scale ( short version ) , Parent Stress Index , ( short version ) ; Visual Analogue Scale for social play ; Clinical Global Impression-Severity , Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and Parent Satisfaction with treatment . and IR-MPH were both well tolerated with a similar side effect profile . OROS-MPH is significantly more effective than usual care with IR-MPH based on multiple outcome measures including remission rate ."
3001,Abstract #3001,"of effective medications for the treatment of cocaine dependence remains a major priority for the National Institute on Drug Abuse ( NIDA ) at the National Institutes of Health . Cocaine Rapid Efficacy Screening Trial ( CREST ) paradigm was developed by the Division of Treatment Research and Development ( DT R&D ) at NIDA with the goal of enhancing pilot clinical trial validity when systematically assessing a range of medications and drug classes for potential utility in treatment of cocaine dependence . utilizes a randomized , controlled , parallel group , blinded methodology for comparing one or more marketed medications against a standard , pharmaceutical grade placebo . trial design is comprised of a flexible 24-week screening/baseline period followed by randomization to an 8-week treatment period . measures of outcomes for the CREST included urinary benzoylecgonine ( primary metabolite of cocaine ) , retention , cocaine craving , depression , clinical global impression and HIV-risk behaviors . order to facilitate comparisons of data from the CREST studies across sites , drug classes and time , standardized procedures , measures and psychosocial counseling were used . total of 19 medications were evaluated in out-patient treatment research clinics in Boston , Cincinnati , Los Angeles , New York and Philadelphia . supported decisions to move forward three medications ( cabergoline , reserpine , tiagabine ) using full-scale , adequately powered , randomized placebo-controlled trial designs . learned from the CREST experience continue to shape cocaine pharmacotherapy trial design and execution ."
3002,Abstract #3002,"Stage II trial builds on a Stage I trial comparing the single-gender Women 's Recovery Group ( WRG ) to mixed-gender Group Drug Counseling ( GDC ) that demonstrated preliminary support for the WRG in treating women with substance use disorders . Stage II trial aims were to ( 1 ) investigate effectiveness of the WRG relative to GDC in a sample of women heterogeneous with respect to substance of abuse and co-occurring psychiatric disorders , and ( 2 ) demonstrate the feasibility of implementing WRG in an open-enrollment group format at two sites . this randomized clinical trial , participants were included if they were substance dependent and had used substances within the past 60 days ( n = 158 ) . were randomized to WRG ( n = 52 ) or GDC ( n = 48 ) ; men were assigned to GDC ( n = 58 ) . use outcomes were assessed at months 1-6 and 9 . in both the WRG and GDC had reductions in mean number of substance use days during treatment ( 12.7 vs 13.7 day reductions for WRG and GDC , respectively ) and 6 months post-treatment ( 10.3 vs 12.7 day reductions ) ; however , there were no significant differences between groups . WRG demonstrated comparable effectiveness to standard mixed-gender treatment ( i.e. , GDC ) and is feasibly delivered in an open-group format typical of community treatment . provides a manual-based group therapy with women-focused content that can be implemented in a variety of clinical settings for women who are heterogeneous with respect to their substance of abuse , other co-occurring psychiatric disorders , and life-stage ."
3003,Abstract #3003,"compare the efficacy of brinzolamide versus placebo when added to travoprost/timolol fixed combination ( TTFC ) in uncontrolled patients . was a prospective , double-masked , randomized , placebo-controlled , parallel comparison of ocular hypertensive or primary open-angle glaucoma patients . treated with a prostaglandin-based mono or adjunctive therapy were changed to TTFC qam ( every day dosing ) for 4 weeks . with an intraocular pressure ( IOP ) of 19 to 32 mm Hg at 08:00 hours underwent additional measurements at 12:00 and 16:00 hours . were then randomized to either placebo or brinzolamide given twice daily in addition to TTFC . week 12 , patients had their IOP measurements repeated . per protocol dataset consisting of 78 placebo and 75 brinzolamide-treated patients decreased mean diurnal IOP ( mm Hg ) as well as IOP at all 3 individual time points ( P0 .005 ) . reduced the mean diurnal IOP from 20.32.0 to 17.52.6 , whereas placebo reduced IOP from 20.92.7 to 19.43.8 . mean diurnal IOP was reduced from baseline and for the 08:00 and 16:00 hours time points in the brinzolamide group compared with placebo ( P0 .014 ) . were 30 adverse events with placebo and 24 with brinzolamide ( intent-to-treat ) . was no statistical difference for the side-effect profile observed between the treatment groups ( P = 0.47 ) . study suggests that brinzolamide may be safely added to TTFC therapy to provide further significant reduction in IOP patients with ocular hypertensive or primary open-angle glaucoma ."
3004,Abstract #3004,"enzyme inhibition and calcium blockade alter large arteries in hypertension . , the heterogeneity of the response according to the site of cardiovascular measurements has never been investigated . a double-blind study , we compared for 180 days 3 hypertensive patient groups treated with verapamil , trandolapril , or their combination . echo-Doppler technique and applanation tonometry , we independently measured mean pressure , local pulse pressure , arterial diameter , and distensibility at 3 arterial sites ( brachial and common carotid arteries and abdominal aorta ) , as well as cardiac and carotid wall structure . and pulse pressure decreased significantly to a greater extent with the drug combination . arterial and cardiac hemodynamics , significant and similar changes were noted in the 3 groups : decreases in abdominal aorta and carotid but not brachial diameter ; increases in carotid artery , abdominal aorta , and brachial distensibility even after adjustment to mean blood pressure reduction ; and more substantial regression of cardiac mass than carotid wall thickness . study shows that both compounds and more significantly combination therapy decreased mean and pulse pressures measured independently and that the changes in diameter , thickness , and stiffness were influenced primarily by the site of cardiovascular measurements , resulting in a predominant increase in distensibility of muscular arteries , little change in carotid wall thickness , but a significant regression of cardiac hypertrophy ."
3005,Abstract #3005,"compare the pain relief , sedation , and common side effect profiles of ketorolac tromethamine and meperidine for the management of acute pain in the emergency department ( ED ) . prospective , double-blind , randomized clinical trial was conducted over a 12-month period using consecutive adult patients presenting to a university teaching hospital ED ( annual census : 32,000 ) , who required IM analgesia for acute pain . patients with acute pain of various etiologies were randomly assigned to receive a single fixed IM dose of ketorolac ( 60 mg ) or meperidine ( 100 mg ) . patients were enrolled in the study ; 46 were randomized to meperidine and 47 to ketorolac . a visual analog scale , there was no difference in pain relief between the ketorolac and meperidine groups even after adjusting for baseline pain level . caused significantly ( p < 0.005 ) less sedation than did meperidine at one hour . analgesia was required for seven of the 46 ( 15.2 % ) patients receiving meperidine and five of the 47 ( 10.6 % ) patients receiving ketorolac ( p = NS ) . of 45 ( 38 % ) patients receiving meperidine experienced side effects compared with eight of the 47 ( 17 % ) patients receiving ketorolac ( p = 0.0452 ) . used to treat patients who had acute pain states , 60 mg of IM ketorolac produced analgesia similar to that produced by 100 mg of IM meperidine ; however , the ketorolac produced fewer subjective side effects and less sedation than did the meperidine ."
3006,Abstract #3006,"determine the efficacy of topical nasal decongestant in the prevention of middle ear barotrauma in patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy . , parallel , double-blind , randomized trial . community hospital emergency department with hyperbaric oxygen facilities . patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy ; 30 subjects in each treatment arm . randomization , consenting patients were given two sprays of oxymetazoline hydrochloride or sterile water , 15 minutes before hyperbaric oxygen therapy . data included patient demographics , ear examinations before and after hyperbaric oxygen treatment , and subjective ear complaints . otoscopic appearance of the tympanic membrane was graded according to the amount of hemorrhage in the eardrum , with Teed scores ranging from 0 ( symptoms only ) to 5 ( gross hemorrhage and rupture ) . treatment groups were similar with regard to age , sex , and medical history . discomfort during hyperbaric oxygen therapy was present in 63 % ( 19 of 30 ) of those receiving oxymetazoline versus 67 % ( 20 of 30 ) of the control group ( P = .99 ) . , both groups had similar Teed scores after hyperbaric oxygen therapy ( P = .88 ) . adverse effects were noted . results of this pilot study suggest that topical decongestants may not be effective in preventing middle ear barotrauma during hyperbaric oxygen therapy ."
3007,Abstract #3007,"examine the impact of high-dose multiple micronutrient supplementation on survival and disease progression among HIV-infected individuals in Thailand . placebo-controlled trial . and eighty-one HIV-infected men and women living in and around Bangkok with CD4 cell counts in the range 50 x 10 ( 6 ) - 550 x 10 ( 6 ) / l were randomized to receive micronutrients or placebo for a period of 48 weeks . participants were examined clinically 12-weekly and tested for CD4 cell count 24-weekly . subset were tested for HIV plasma viral load at 48 weeks . ( 16 % ) trial participants were lost to follow-up and 23 ( 5 % ) died . death rate was lower in the micronutrients arm with the mortality hazard ratios [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ] of 0.53 ( 0.22-1 .25 ; P = 0.1 ) overall and 0.37 ( 0.13-1 .06 ; P = 0.052 ) and 0.26 ( 0.07-0 .97 ; P = 0.03 ) among those with CD4 cell counts < 200 x 10 ( 6 ) / l and < 100 x 10 ( 6 ) / l respectively . was no impact on CD4 cell count or plasma viral load . micronutrient supplementation may enhance the survival of HIV-infected individuals with CD4 cell counts < 200 x 10 ( 6 ) / l. could have important public health implications in the developing world where access to antiretrovirals remains poor . clinical findings need to be reproduced in other settings and the mechanism , which appears to be independent of change in CD4 cell count , merits further investigation ."
3008,Abstract #3008,"onset insomnia ( PI ) is defined as sleeplessness exceeding 30 min due to learned , sleep-preventing behaviors and hyperarousal at bedtime . common condition significantly impacts sufferers ' health , occupational performance , and interpersonal relationships . treatment with hypnotics has many shortcomings . medication may present an alternative treatment for this condition . study intended to determine the effect of a homeopathic complex on PI . research team designed a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , 4-wk pilot study , using matched pairs . study took place at the Homeopathy Health Clinic at the University of Johannesburg in Johannesburg , South Africa . males aged between 18 and 40 y with chronic PI were recruited ; 28 completed the study - placebo group ( n = 14 ) and experimental group ( n = 14 ) . homeopathic complex was made in 20 % alcohol . placebo consisted of the unmedicated vehicle only . study used the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale ( PSAS ) and the Sleep Diary ( SD ) , which assessed sleep-onset latency . experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in presleep arousal as well as sleep onset latency over the 4 wks of the study . Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that the improvement occurred gradually . analysis showed through both the PSAS and the SD that the experimental group had outperformed the placebo group by day 28 of the study . suggest that daily use of the homeopathic complex does have an effect over a 4-wk period on physiological and cognitive arousal at bedtime as well as on sleep onset latency in PI sufferers . research on the use of this complex for PI is warranted before any definitive conclusions can be drawn ."
3009,Abstract #3009,"is a common health problem in adolescents . are a number of risk factors for headache in adolescents that are amenable to intervention . aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a low-level headache prevention programme in the classroom setting to prevent these risk factors . all , 1674 students in 8th-10th grade at 12 grammar schools in greater Munich , Germany , were cluster randomized into intervention and control groups . standardized 60-min prevention lesson focusing on preventable risk factors for headache ( physical inactivity , coffee consumption , alcohol consumption and smoking ) and providing instructions on stress management and neck and shoulder muscle relaxation exercises was given in a classroom setting . months later , students were reassessed . main outcome parameter was headache cessation . regression models with random effects for cluster and adjustment for baseline risk factors were calculated . hundred students ( intervention group N = 450 , control group N = 450 ) with headache at baseline and complete data for headache and confounders were included in the analysis . cessation was observed in 9.78 % of the control group compared with 16.22 % in the intervention group ( number needed to treat = 16 ) . for cluster effects and confounders , the probability of headache cessation in the intervention group was 1.77 ( 95 % confidence interval = [ 1.08 ; 2.90 ] ) higher than in the control group . effect was most pronounced in adolescents with tension-type headache : odds ratio = 2.11 ( 95 % confidence interval = [ 1.15 ; 3.80 ] ) . study demonstrates the effectiveness of a one-time , classroom-based headache prevention programme ."
3010,Abstract #3010,"distensae ( SD ) is a common skin condition , with a prevalence ranging from 40 % to 90 % , depending on the population studied . evaluate the efficacy of superficial dermabrasion and compare it with that of topical tretinoin cream in the treatment of narrow and early SD . , single-center , randomized , open-label study . women presenting with early , untreated SD ( striae rubra ) were included in this study . group received 16 weekly sessions of superficial and localized dermabrasion , and the other used 0.05 % tretinoin cream daily . width and length were measured and compared between groups and over time . Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores and subject satisfaction were also assessed . were performed for subjects who agreed to undergo this procedure , followed by histologic analyses of the skin samples . treatments were efficacious , with significant improvement in early SD from baseline , but there was no significant difference between the two treatments . assessment showed improvement in epidermal and dermal layers for the dermabrasion treatment group . treatments had similar efficacy , but superficial dermabrasion had a lower frequency of side effects and better adherence of the patients ."
3011,Abstract #3011,"an intermittent antiviral treatment ( ART ) strategy may limit long-term toxicity and cost , there is concern about the risk for virologic failure , selection of drug resistance mutations , and disease progression . boosting CD4 T-cell counts , interleukin 2 ( IL-2 ) could safely prolong the duration of treatment interruption ( TI ) in a CD4-driven strategy . AIDS Clinical Trials Group ( ACTG ) study A5102 evaluated 3 cycles of IL-2 before TI , on clinical and immunologic outcomes , using a CD4 T-cell count of < 350 cells/mm as the threshold for restarting ART . HIV-infected subjects on potent ART with CD4 T-cell counts of > or = 500 cells/mm or more and HIV RNA levels of less than 200 copies/mL were randomized to arm A ( ART + three 5-day cycles of IL-2 at 4.5 million U , Sc , BID every 8 weeks , n = 23 ) or arm B ( ART alone , n = 24 ) for 18 weeks ( step 1 ) . the end of step 1 , subjects with a CD4 T-cell count of > or = 500 cells/mm or more stopped ART until a CD4 count of < 350 cells/mm ( step 2 ) . T-cell count , time to return of viremia , and the emergence of drug resistance mutations after TI were compared between study arms . recipients maintained higher CD4 counts during TI for 48 weeks with a waning of the CD4 effect by 72 weeks . sustained CD4 T-cell count of more than 350 cells/mm and more durable TI were associated with a higher nadir CD4 T-cell count before ART and higher naive CD4 T-cell count at entry . TI , a higher viral set point and drug resistance mutations at virologic rebound were associated with a shorter time to CD4 T-cell count of less than 350 cell/mm . were no differences in the magnitude of virologic rebound ( at week 8 of step 2 , median log10 HIV RNA level was 4.23 for arm A and 4.21 for arm B ) or the steady-state HIV-1 RNA level after week 8 . before TI did not prolong time to CD4 of less than 350 cells/mm . TI strategy utilizing a CD4 T-cell threshold of less than 350 cells/mm for restarting ART appears generally safe with most subjects in both arms remaining off ART for more than 1 year . of our results for TI strategies include the potential advantage of starting ART at higher CD4 T-cell levels while avoiding any drug resistance and evaluating immunomodulators or drugs to reduce T-cell activation and HIV-1 RNA rebound during the TI ."
3012,Abstract #3012,"polyphenol quercetin may prevent cardiovascular diseases due to its vasorelaxant and anti-oxidative properties . investigated the effects of quercetin on risk factors of atherosclerosis , biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress , depending on the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) genotype . a double-blind crossover study 49 healthy male subjects with APOE genotype 3/3 ( n = 19 ) , 3/4 ( n = 22 ) and 4/4 ( n = 8 ) consumed 150mg/d quercetin or placebo for 8 weeks each , intermitted by a three-week washout phase . each intervention , endothelial function , anthropometry , metabolic and inflammatory parameters were measured in the fasting and postprandial state following a standardized lipid-rich meal . function was not changed . all subjects combined , quercetin significantly decreased waist circumference ( P = 0.004 ) and postprandial systolic blood pressure ( P = 0.044 ) . triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly decreased and HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased after quercetin as compared to placebo consumption ( P = 0.025 ) . also moderately increased levels of TNF ( P = 0.024 ) . was a significant gene-diet interaction for waist circumference and for body mass index ( BMI ) . supplementation improved some risk factors of cardiovascular disease , yet exerted slightly pro-inflammatory effects . effects were seen only on waist circumference and BMI ."
3013,Abstract #3013,"during strabismus surgery is reduced better by intravenous than by intramuscular ( deltoid ) anticholinergics , but recent studies suggest that injection into the tongue works faster than into the deltoid . sought to study this using the suppression of the oculocardiac reflex during eye surgery as a parameter . children and adults underwent calibrated extraocular muscle tensioning during controlled , inhalational general anesthesia . systemic anticholinergic agent was distributed by different routes to patient-subject sub-groups : preoperative oral , or induction intravenous , intramuscular ( deltoid ) and intraglossal ( submucosal at the base of the tongue ) . large control group received no anticholinergic . control group had an oculocardiac reflex averaging 17.2 % heart rate reduction ( bradycardia ) , 6 % of whom had greater than a 50 % heart rate reduction . oculocardiac reflex bradycardia was reduced to only a 6.7 % heart rate reduction by oral and intradeltoid routes and was essentially eliminated by both intravenous ( -2.3 % ) and intraglossal ( -0.9 % ) routes . atropine is an effective alternative for oculocardiac reflex prophylaxis when intravenous access is not readily available in strabismus surgery . intraglossal route is in fact slightly more effective in this regard that the intravenous route per se ."
3014,Abstract #3014,"aim of this multicenter , prospective , randomized , crossover trial is to compare , in critical care patients receiving insulin infusion therapy ( IIT ) , the pharmacodynamic of Humulin insulin ( Hlin ) , currently used as `` standard of care , '' and Humalog insulin ( Hlog ) , a shorter acting insulin formulation . was measured as extent and duration of the carryover effect of insulin treatment , with the latter calculated as ratio between blood glucose concentration ( BGC ) reduction during and after IIT . patients treated in an intensive care unit and receiving full nutritional support were randomly assigned to Hlin or Hlog as first treatment . was infused at a constant rate in patients presenting with BGC greater than or equal to 180 mg/dL ( 0.04 U/kg per hour ) and was discontinued when BGC was less than or equal to 140 mg/dL ( therapeutic BGC drop ) . reductions in BGC after discontinuation of insulin infusion were recorded ( postinfusional BGC drop ) . the study period , whole blood BGC was measured every 30 minutes . minimal 6-hour washout interval was maintained between treatments with the 2 types of insulin . primary end point was the extent ( calculated as ratio between the therapeutic BGC drop and the postinfusional BGC drop ) and duration of the carryover effect . with Hlog , as compared with Hlin , was associated with a less profound carryover effect as well as a briefer duration of carryover ( median , 0.40 vs 0.62 ; P < .001 ; median , 1 vs 1.5 hours ; P < .001 ) . use of constant Hlog infusion for IIT , when compared with Hlin at the same dose , is associated with a less profound carryover effect on BGC after discontinuation of IIT , a briefer duration of carryover , a faster BGC drop during infusion , and a quicker BGC rise after discontinuation . characteristics suggest that Hlog IIT may be preferable for use in critically ill patients ."
3015,Abstract #3015,"the triage process is the key in improving emergency department ( ED ) workflow . objective was to determine if parents of pediatric ED patients in , low-literacy , inner-city hospital , who used the audio-assisted bilingual ( English/Spanish ) self-triage kiosk , were able to enter their child 's medical history data using a touch screen panel with greater speed and accuracy than routine nurse-initiated triage . dyads visiting the pediatric ED for nonurgent conditions ( February to April 2012 ) were randomized prospectively to self-triage kiosk group ( n = 200 ) and standard nurse triage group ( n = 200 ) . groups underwent routine nurse-initiated triage that included verbal elicitation of basic medical history and manual entry into patients ' electronic medical records . kiosk user was a parent in 88.5 % of the cases , a patient ( range , 11-17 years ) in 9.5 % of the cases , and a proxy user ( sibling or friend ) in 2 % of the cases . choice for kiosk use was equally distributed ( English vs Spanish , 50.5 % vs 49.5 % ) . mean ( SD ) time to enter medical history data by the kiosk group was significantly shorter than the standard nurse triage group ( 94.38 [ 38.61 ] vs 126.72 [ 62.61 ] seconds ; P < 0.001 ) . inverse relationship was observed between parent education level and kiosk usage time ( r = -0.26 ; P < 0.001 ) . mean inaccuracies were significantly lower for kiosk group ( P < 0.05 ) in areas of medical , medication and immunization histories , and total discrepancy score . triage enabled users to enter basic medical triage history data quickly and accurately in an ED setting with future potential for its wider use in improving ED workflow efficiency ."
3016,Abstract #3016,"have shown that 1-week triple therapy consisting of a proton pump inhibitor , amoxycillin and clarithromycin may cure Helicobacter pylori infection in the majority of patients . establish whether pantoprazole plus amoxycillin in association with either azithromycin or clarithromycin is useful in curing H. pylori infection in patients with a duodenal ulcer . hundred and ten patients with active duodenal ulcers and H. pylori infection were treated with pantoprazole ( days 1-7 , 40 mg b.d. ; days 8-28 40 mg o.d. ) plus amoxycillin 1 g b.d. for the first 7 days . were randomly assigned to receive either azithromycin 500 mg o.d. for the first 6 days ( PAAz group ; n = 55 ) or clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. for the first 7 days of treatment ( PAC group ; n = 55 ) . pylori status was determined by urease test and histology before the treatment , and again 4 weeks after cessation of any medication . hundred and three patients completed the study . pylori infection was eradicated in 78 % ( 39/50 ) of patients in the PAAz group ( ITT analysis : 71 % , 95 % CI : 61-83 % ) vs. 81 % ( 43/53 ) of patients in the PAC group ( ITT analysis : 78 % , 95 % CI : 69-90 % ) ( N.S. ) . ulcers had healed . study shows that 1-week triple therapy with pantoprazole , amoxycillin and either azithromycin or clarithromycin is not satisfactory ( < 80 % ITT H. pylori eradication rate ) ."
3017,Abstract #3017,"evaluate the effectiveness of a single intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 ( Synvisc ) for symptomatic first metatarsophalangeal joint ( MTPJ ) osteoarthritis ( OA ) . ( n = 151 ) with symptomatic first MTPJ OA were randomly allocated to receive up to 1 ml intra-articular injection of either hylan G-F 20 or placebo ( saline ) . and assessors were blinded . were evaluated at 1 , 3 and 6 months after injection . primary outcome measurement was the foot pain domain of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire ( FHSQ ) at 3 months . outcome measurements were foot function assessed via the FHSQ , first MTPJ pain and stiffness , magnitude of symptom change , global satisfaction , health-related quality of life ( assessed using the Short-Form-36 version two ) , first MTPJ dorsiflexion range of motion , hallux plantar flexion strength , use of pain-relieving medication or co-interventions and changes in plantar pressures . statistically significant differences in foot pain were found between the groups at 3 months . were few statistically significant differences in the secondary outcome measures . , the incidence of adverse effects was not significantly different between groups . intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 is no more effective than a placebo in reducing symptoms in people with symptomatic first MTPJ OA.Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry : number ACTRN12607000654459 ."
3018,Abstract #3018,"assess the effect of two similar olive oils , but with differences in their phenolic compounds ( powerful antioxidant compounds ) , on inflammatory markers in stable coronary heart disease patients . , crossover , randomized trial . Department of Hospital del Mar and Institut Municipal d'Investigaci Mdica ( Barcelona ) . stable coronary heart disease patients . raw daily dose of 50 ml of virgin and refined olive oil ( ROO ) was sequentially administered over two periods of 3-weeks , preceded by 2-week washout periods in which ROO was used . ( P < 0.002 ) and C-reactive protein ( P = 0.024 ) decreased after virgin olive oil intervention . changes were observed in soluble intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules , glucose and lipid profile . of virgin olive oil , could provide beneficial effects in stable coronary heart disease patients as an additional intervention to the pharmacological treatment ."
3019,Abstract #3019,"bladder discomfort ( CRBD ) is defined as an urge to void or discomfort in the supra-pubic region ; reported postoperatively in patients who have had urinary catheterization intra-operatively . have evaluated tramadol , a centrally acting opioid analgesic with muscarinic receptor antagonist properties for prevention of CRBD . adults ( 18-60 yr ) , ASA physical status I and II of either sex , undergoing elective percutaneous nephro-lithomy were randomly divided into two groups of 27 each . ( C ) group received normal saline ( NS ; 2 ml ) , whereas Tramadol ( T ) group received tramadol 1.5 mg kg ( -1 ) . medications were diluted in 2 ml NS and administered 30 min before extubation . , urinary catherization was performed with a 16 Fr Foley 's catheter , and the balloon was inflated with 10 ml distilled water . CRBD was assessed at 0 , 1 , 2 , and 6 h after patient 's arrival in the post-anaesthesia care unit along with total postoperative fentanyl requirement . of CRBD was graded as none , mild , moderate and severe . were analysed by one-way ANOVA , Z-test , and Fisher 's exact test . < 0.05 was considered significant . and severity of CRBD was reduced in T group compared with C group at all time points ( P < 0.05 ) . pain as assessed by visual analogue scale and total postoperative fentanyl requirement ( microg kg ( -1 ) ) was also reduced in the T group [ 176 ( SD 26.5 ) ] compared with C group [ 210 ( 34.6 ) ] ( P < 0.05 ) . 1.5 mg kg ( -1 ) administered i.v. 30 min before extubation decreases the incidence and severity of CRBD and postoperative fentanyl requirement ."
3020,Abstract #3020,"is a costly and distressing event associated with relapse during schizophrenia treatment . information is available on the predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during maintenance treatment with olanzapine long-acting injection ( olanzapine-LAI ) or how the risk of hospitalization differs between olanzapine-LAI and oral olanzapine . study aimed to identify the predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during maintenance treatment with olanzapine-LAI and assessed four parameters : hospitalization prevalence , incidence rate , duration , and the time to first hospitalization . was also compared with a sub-therapeutic dose of olanzapine-LAI and with oral olanzapine . was a post hoc exploratory analysis of data from a randomized , double-blind study comparing the safety and efficacy of olanzapine-LAI ( pooled active depot groups : 405 mg/4 weeks , 300 mg/2 weeks , and 150 mg/2 weeks ) with oral olanzapine and sub-therapeutic olanzapine-LAI ( 45 mg/4 weeks ) during 6 months ' maintenance treatment of clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients ( n = 1064 ) . four psychiatric hospitalization parameters were analyzed for each treatment group . the olanzapine-LAI group , patients with and without hospitalization were compared on baseline characteristics . regression and Cox 's proportional hazards models were used to identify the best predictors of hospitalization . between the treatment groups employed descriptive statistics , the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox 's proportional hazards models . hospitalization was best predicted by suicide threats in the 12 months before baseline and by prior hospitalization . with sub-therapeutic olanzapine-LAI , olanzapine-LAI was associated with a significantly lower hospitalization rate ( 5.2 % versus 11.1 % , p < 0.01 ) , a lower mean number of hospitalizations ( 0.1 versus 0.2 , p = 0.01 ) , a shorter mean duration of hospitalization ( 1.5 days versus 2.9 days , p < 0.01 ) , and a similar median time to first hospitalization ( 35 versus 60 days , p = 0.48 ) . did not differ significantly from oral olanzapine on the studied hospitalization parameters . clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients receiving olanzapine-LAI maintenance treatment , psychiatric hospitalization was best predicted by a history of suicide threats and prior psychiatric hospitalization . was associated with a significantly lower incidence of psychiatric hospitalization and shorter duration of hospitalization compared with sub-therapeutic olanzapine-LAI . did not differ significantly from oral olanzapine on hospitalization parameters . : NCT00088491 ."
3021,Abstract #3021,"benefits of supplemental administration of intravenous magnesium in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) are controversial . promising results from work in animals and the ready availability of this simple , inexpensive treatment , conflicting results have been reported in clinical trials . aim was to compare short-term mortality in patients with STEMI who received either intravenous magnesium sulphate or placebo . did a randomised , double-blind trial in 6213 patients with acute STEMI who were assigned a 2 g intravenous bolus of magnesium sulphate administered over 15 min , followed by a 17 g infusion of magnesium sulphate over 24 h ( n = 3113 ) , or matching placebo ( n = 3100 ) . primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality . randomisation , patients were stratified by their eligibility for reperfusion therapy . first stratum included patients who were aged 65 years or older and eligible for reperfusion therapy , and the second stratum included patients of any age who were not eligible for reperfusion therapy . was by intention-to-treat . 30 days , 475 ( 15.3 % ) patients in the magnesium group and 472 ( 15.2 % ) in the placebo group had died ( odds ratio 1.0 , 95 % CI 0.9-1 .2 , p = 0.96 ) . benefit or harm of magnesium was observed in eight prespecified subgroup analyses of patients and in 15 additional exploratory subgroup analyses . adjustment for factors shown to effect mortality risk in a multivariate regression model , no benefit of magnesium was observed ( 1.0 , 0.8-1 .1 , p = 0.53 ) . administration of magnesium in high-risk patients with STEMI has no effect on 30-day mortality . view of the totality of the available evidence , in current coronary care practice there is no indication for the routine administration of intravenous magnesium in patients with STEMI ."
3022,Abstract #3022,"and oxaliplatin are two new agents with promising activity in advanced colorectal cancer . on preclinical and clinical evidence that both drugs act synergistically , a randomized phase II study was initiated to investigate the therapeutic potential and tolerance of this combination in the front-line setting . patients with previously untreated , measurable disease were randomized to receive biweekly oxaliplatin 85 mg/m ( 2 ) plus irinotecan 175 mg/m ( 2 ) or raltitrexed 3 mg/m ( 2 ) given on day 1 every 3 weeks . development of progressive disease , second-line treatment with the opposite arm was effected . allocated to oxaliplatin/irinotecan had a significantly better radiologically confirmed response rate ( 43.5 % v 19.6 % ; P = .0025 ) and longer progression-free survival ( median , 7.1 v 5.0 months ; P = .0033 ) . in overall survival , however , did not reach the level of significance ( median , 16.0 v 16.5 months ; P = .3943 ) . response rate after cross-over was 33.3 % ( eight of 24 ) for assessable patients treated with oxaliplatin/irinotecan compared with 14.2 % ( three of 21 ) for those treated with second-line raltitrexed . caused more hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities , necessitating dose reductions in 10 of the first 20 patients . adjustment of the irinotecan starting dose from 175 to 150 mg/m ( 2 ) , tolerance of treatment was acceptable ; the most commonly encountered events ( all grades ) were neutropenia ( 81 % ) , alopecia ( 65 % ) , nausea/emesis ( 62 % ) , peripheral sensory neuropathy ( 62 % ) , and diarrhea ( 46 % ) . seems beneficial as first-line therapy in advanced colorectal cancer , with an acceptable toxicity profile at the reduced irinotecan dose level . promising therapeutic potential is supported by the high response activity noted in the raltitrexed control arm after cross-over , which may also explain the lack of a difference in overall survival ."
3023,Abstract #3023,"studies have identified postprandial glycemic excursions as risk factors for diabetes complications . study aimed to compare the effects of nateglinide and acarbose treatments on postprandial glycemic excursions in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes . was a multicenter , open-label , randomized , active-controlled , parallel-group study . hundred three antihyperglycemic agent-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes ( hemoglobin A1c range , 6.5-9 .0 % ) were prospectively recruited from four hospitals in China . intervention was nateglinide ( 120mg three times a day ) or acarbose ( 50mg three times a day ) therapy for 2 weeks . continuous glucose monitoring system was used to calculate the incremental area under the curve of postprandial blood glucose ( AUCpp ) , the incremental glucose peak ( IGP ) , mean amplitude of glycemic excursions , SD of blood glucose , the mean of daily differences , and 24-h mean blood glucose ( MBG ) . ' serum glycated albumin and the plasma insulin levels were also analyzed . agents caused significant reductions on AUCpp and IGP . , both treatment groups showed significant improvements in the intra - and interday glycemic excursions , as well as the 24-h MBG and serum glycated albumin compared with baseline ( P < 0.001 ) . , neither of the agents produced a significantly better effect ( P > 0.05 ) . , the nateglinide-treated group had significantly increased insulin levels at 30min and at 120min after a standard meal compared with baseline , whereas the acarbose-treated group decreased . serious adverse events occurred in either group . rates of hypoglycemic episodes were comparable in the two groups , and no severe hypoglycemic episode occurred in either group . and acarbose were comparably effective in reducing postprandial glycemic excursions in antihyperglycemic agent-naive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes , possibly through different pathophysiological mechanisms ."
3024,Abstract #3024,"children with perforated appendicitis , the use of a prolonged course of intravenous ( i.v. ) antibiotics is equivalent to a short course of i.v. antibiotics followed by sequential conversion to oral ( PO ) antibiotics . , randomized , clinical trial . study in tertiary children 's hospitals . ( aged 5-18 years ) with perforated appendicitis found at laparotomy . were randomized after appendectomy either to a 10-day course of a combination of i.v. ampicillin , gentamicin sulfate , and clindamycin ( n = 10 ) ; or to a short course of a combination of i.v. ampicillin , gentamicin , and clindamycin , followed by conversion to a combination of p.o. amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium plus metronidazole ( n = 16 ) . primary outcome measure was clinical success , which was rated as complete , partial , or failure . outcome measures included return of oral intake , duration of fever , return of normal white blood cell count , and patient charges . equivalence was determined using confidence interval analysis . found treatment equivalence between the i.v. and i.v. / p.o. groups , with 6 ( 60 % ) complete and 4 ( 40 % ) partial successes for the 10 patients in the i.v. group and 15 ( 94 % ) complete and 1 ( 6 % ) partial successes for the 16 patients in the i.v. / p.o. group ( P < or = .05 ) . was no difference in return of oral intake , duration of fever , or return of normal white blood cell count between the groups . to oral therapy results in savings of approximately $ 1500 per case . is treatment equivalence between prolonged i.v. therapy and i.v. therapy followed by conversion to oral antibiotic therapy in children with perforated appendicitis ."
3025,Abstract #3025,"have previously shown that ranitidine bismuth citrate ( RBC ) - based triple therapy is comparable to proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection . test the efficacy of different combinations of antimicrobials with RBC in the treatment of H. pylori infection . patients with H. pylori infection were prospectively randomized to receive one of the following regimens : ( i ) RBC 400 mg , amoxycillin 1 g , clarithromycin 500 mg [ RAC ] ; ( ii ) RBC 400 mg , metronidazole 400 mg , clarithromycin 500 mg [ RMC ] ; ( iii ) RBC 400 mg , metronidazole 400 mg , tetracycline 1 g [ RMT ] ( all given twice daily for 1 week ) ; or ( iv ) RBC 400 mg plus clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 2 weeks [ RC-2 ] . ( rapid urease test and culture ) and 13C-urea breath test ( UBT ) were performed before randomization . weeks after finishing medication , the 13C-UBT was repeated in all cases and endoscopy was offered to patients with peptic ulcers . hundred patients were randomized but in two ( one in the RAC group and one in the RMC group ) H. pylori infection was not confirmed . eradication of H. pylori ( intention-to-treat analysis and 95 % CI ) of RAC ( 86 % [ 79-93 % ] ) , RMC ( 90 % [ 84-96 % ] ) , RMT ( 79 % [ 71-87 % ] ) and RC-2 ( 82 % [ 75-90 % ] ) were comparable , with a trend favouring clarithromycin-containing triple therapy regimens . 276 isolates tested for antibiotic sensitivity , primary resistance to metronidazole , clarithromycin and amoxycillin was found in 56 % , 2 % and 0.4 % , respectively . given RMC or RMT , patients infected by metronidazole-resistant H. pylori had success in eradicating H. pylori similar to patients infected by metronidazole-sensitive H. pylori . RBC triple therapy is effective in curing H. pylori infection ."
3026,Abstract #3026,"success of cervical screening relies on women with abnormal cervical cytology attending for follow-up by colposcopy and related procedures . to attend for colposcopy , however , is a common problem in many countries . objective of this study was to identify factors associated with non-attendance at an initial colposcopy examination among women with low-grade abnormal cervical cytology . cohort study was conducted within one arm of a multi-centre population-based randomised controlled trial nested within the UK NHS Cervical Screening Programmes . trial recruited women aged 20-59 years with recent low-grade cervical cytology ; women randomised to immediate referral for colposcopy were included in the current analysis ( n = 2213 ) . trial recruitment , women completed a socio-demographic and lifestyle questionnaire ; 1693 women in the colposcopy arm were also invited to complete a psychosocial questionnaire , including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale . were sent up to two colposcopy appointments . telephone number was provided to reschedule if necessary . were defined as those who failed to attend after two appointments . regression methods were used to compute multivariate odds ratios ( OR ) to identify variables significantly associated with default . women defaulted ( 6.7 % , 95 % CI 5.7-7 .8 % ) . multivariate analysis , risk of default was significantly raised in those not in paid employment ( OR = 2.70 , 95 % CI 1.64-4 .43 ) and current smokers ( OR = 1.62 , 95 % CI 1.12-2 .34 ) . risk deceased with increasing age and level of post-school education/training and was lower in women with children ( OR = 0.59 , 95 % CI 0.35-0 .98 ) . the sub-group invited to complete psychosocial questionnaires , women who were not worried about having cervical cancer were significantly more likely to default ( multivariate OR = 1.56 , 95 % CI 1.04-2 .35 ) . and depression were not significantly associated with default . at highest risk of default from colposcopy are younger , not in paid employment , smoke , lack post-school education , have not had children and are not worried about having cervical cancer . such as these could inform the development of tools to predict the likelihood that an individual woman will default from follow-up . to minimise default also deserve consideration , but a better understanding of reasons for default is needed to inform intervention development ."
3027,Abstract #3027,"compare colesevelam hydrochloride ( Cholestagel ) , a nonabsorbed hydrogel with bile acid-sequestering properties , with placebo for its lipid-lowering efficacy , its effects on laboratory and clinical safety parameters , and the incidence of adverse events . diet and placebo lead-in periods , placebo or colesevelam was administered at 4 dosages ( 1.5 , 2.25 , 3.0 , or 3.75 g/d ) for 6 weeks with morning and evening meals to men and women with hypercholesterolemia ( low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level > 4.14 mmol/L [ > 160 mg/dL ] ) . returned to the clinic every 2 weeks throughout the treatment period for lipid parameter measurements and adverse event assessments . were collected for serum chemistry profiles , hematologic studies , coagulation studies , and vitamin level assessment at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment . the 149 patients randomized , 137 completed the study . lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations decreased in a dosage-dependent manner by 0.11 mmol/L ( 4.2 mg/dL ) ( 1.8 % ) in the 1.5-g / d colesevelam treatment group and up to 1.01 mmol/L ( 39 mg/dL ) ( 19.1 % ) in the 3.75-g / d colesevelam treatment group . lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations at the end of treatment were significantly reduced from baseline levels in the 3.0 - and 3.75-g / d colesevelam treatment groups ( P = .01 and P < .001 , respectively ) . cholesterol levels demonstrated a similar response to colesevelam treatment , with an 8.1 % decrease from baseline in the 3.75-g / d treatment group ( P < .001 ) . lipoprotein cholesterol levels rose significantly in the 3.0 - and 3.75-g / d colesevelam treatment groups , by 11.2 % ( P = .006 ) and 8.1 % ( P = .02 ) , respectively . triglyceride levels did not change from baseline , nor were there any significant differences between treatment groups . incidence of adverse events was similar among all groups . therapy is effective for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in persons with moderate hypercholesterolemia . lacks the constipating effect of other bile acid sequestrants , demonstrating the potential for increased compliance ."
3028,Abstract #3028,"evaluate the extrinsic stain profiles of two experimental stannous-containing dentifrice prototypes compared to two marketed control dentifrices . was a 5-week , randomized , four-treatment , parallel group , double-blind clinical trial of healthy adults . a baseline Lobene Stain Index evaluation , subjects received a prophylaxis limited to the 12 anterior teeth to remove surface stain and calculus . were randomly assigned based on stain scores to one of the four treatment groups : one of two experimental stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrices ; a non-staining marketed triclosan dentifrice ( Colgate Total ) ; or a 0.454 % stannous fluoride dentifrice ( Crest Gum Care ) . brushed for 1 minute twice daily at home with their assigned dentifrice . examinations were repeated at Week 3 and Week 5 to assess treatment differences . the 96 subjects completing the study , Lobene stain composite mean scores -- as well as extent ( area ) and intensity average scores -- were significantly lower in the two experimental stannous-containing dentifrice groups and the Colgate Total group when compared to Crest Gum Care ( P < 0.0001 ) at both Weeks 3 and 5 . were no statistically significant differences ( P > 0.145 ) in stain accumulation at either time point between the experimental stannous groups and the Colgate Total group by any Lobene stain measure ( composite , extent , intensity ) . dentifrices were well-tolerated ."
3029,Abstract #3029,"chemotherapy versus observation and chemotherapy at progression was evaluated in 162 patients in a prospective randomized multicenter study . also evaluated DNA-measurements as an additional prognostic factor . received adjuvant carboplatin AUC 7 every 28 days for six courses ( n = 81 ) or no adjuvant treatment ( n = 81 ) . included surgically staged and treated patients with FIGO stage I disease , grade 1 aneuploid or grade 2 or 3 non-clear cell carcinomas or clear cell carcinomas . ( DFS ) and disease-specific ( DSS ) survival were end-points . follow-up time was 46 months and progression was observed in 20 patients in the treatment group and 19 in the control group . five-year DFS and DSS were 70 % and 86 % in the treatment group and 71 % and 85 % in the control group . hazard ratio was 0.98 ( 95 % confidence interval ( 95 % CI ) : 0.52-1 .83 ) regarding DFS and 0.94 ( 95 % CI : 0.37-2 .36 ) regarding DSS . significant differences in DFS or DSS could be seen when the log-rank test was stratified for prognostic variables . , data from both groups were pooled for the analysis of prognostic factors . ( P = 0.003 ) , extracapsular growth ( P = 0.005 ) , tumor rupture ( P = 0.04 ) , and WHO histologic grade ( P = 0.04 ) were significant independent prognostic factors for DFS with P < 0.0001 for the model in the multivariate Cox analysis . substage ( P = 0.01 ) , DNA ploidy ( P < 0.05 ) , and histologic grade ( P = 0.05 ) were prognostic for DSS with a P-value for the model < 0.0001 . to the small number of patients the study was inconclusive as regards the question of adjuvant chemotherapy . survival curves were superimposable , but with wide confidence intervals . adds objective independent prognostic information regarding both DFS and DSS in early ovarian cancer ."
3030,Abstract #3030,"analyze the role of different measures in the treatment of acute moderate or severe symptomatic hydronephrosis in pregnancy . the 18,130 women delivering at our institution between January 2000 and December 2004 , 93 patients were admitted due to symptomatic hydronephrosis . these , 50 patients were diagnosed with moderate or severe hydronephrosis , and were randomly treated with conservative measures ( 25 patients ) or double pigtail stent insertion ( 25 patients ) . sonography , urinalysis , serum creatinine levels , white blood cell counts , and urine culture were done in all patients at first visit . clinical and perinatal outcomes of the two groups were compared . incidence of symptomatic hydronephrosis in pregnancy was 0.5 % in our institution ( 93/18 ,130 ) . majority of the moderate or severe hydronephrosis ( 88 % ) cases were diagnosed after the first trimester . were no statistically significant differences in the fetal body weight , Apgar score , preterm labor , and hospitalization day between the two groups . those receiving conservative treatment , five patients ( 5/25 , 20 % ) failed to respond and were subsequently treated by double pigtail stent insertion successfully , compared with the surgical group , in which all patients were successfully relieved by double pigtail stent ( p = 0.018 ) . patients receiving double pigtail stent insertion complained of stent discomfort and flank pain after the procedure ( 16 % ) . pigtail stent insertion is effective for the treatment of moderate or severe symptomatic hydronephrosis in pregnancy , and showed a lower failure rate than the conservative treatment . , due to the complications and discomfort with surgical treatment , conservative treatment should still be the first choice ."
3031,Abstract #3031,"have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibition prevents left ventricular remodeling and cardiovascular events after an acute myocardial infarction . role of aldosterone in ventricular remodeling after a myocardial infarction has not been addressed . compare the effects of an ACE inhibitor , an aldosterone receptor antagonist and placebo on left ventricular remodeling after a first episode of transmural acute myocardial infarction . hospitalized for a first episode of acute myocardial infarction were blindly and randomly assigned to receive ramipril ( 2.5 mg bid ) , spironolactone ( 25 mg tid ) or placebo . fraction , left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volumes were measured by multigated radionuclide angiography , at baseline and after six months of treatment . four patients were assigned to placebo , 31 to ramipril and 23 to spironolactone . , gender , Killip class , treatment with thrombolytics , revascularization procedures and use of additional medications were similar in the three groups . six months of treatment , ejection fraction increased from 34.5 + / - 2.3 to 40.2 + / - 2.4 % in patients on ramipril , from 32.6 + / - 2.9 to 36.6 + / - 2.7 % in patients on spironolactone , and decreased from 37 + / - 3 to 31 + / - 3 % in patients on placebo ( ANOVA between groups p < 0.05 ) . end systolic volume was similar in all three groups , increased from 43.4 + / - 3.4 to 61.4 + / - 6.0 ml/m2 in patients on placebo and did not change in patients on spironolactone or ramipril ( ANOVA p < 0.05 ) . diastolic volume was also similar in the three groups , increased from 70.6 + / - 4.3 to 92.8 + / - 6.4 ml/m2 in patients on placebo and did not change with the other treatments . and spironolactone had similar effects on ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction , suggesting that aldosterone contributes to this phenomenon and that inhibition of its receptor may be as effective as ACE inhibition in its prevention ."
3032,Abstract #3032,"about pain medications are major barriers to pain management in hospice , but few studies have focused on systematic methods to address these concerns . objective of this study was to test the preliminary efficacy of the Effective Management of Pain : Overcoming Worries to Enable Relief ( EMPOWER ) intervention , which included hospice staff education , staff screening of barriers to pain management at admission , and discussion about misunderstandings regarding pain management with family caregivers and patients . conducted a pilot , cluster randomized , controlled trial with four hospices . hundred twenty-six family caregivers ( 55 interventions and 71 controls ) were interviewed at two weeks after admission . patients survived three months after admission , caregivers were reinterviewed . two weeks , caregivers in the intervention group reported better knowledge about pain management ( P = 0.001 ) , fewer concerns about pain and pain medications ( P = 0.008 ) , and lower patient pain over the past week ( P = 0.014 ) and trended toward improvement in most other areas under study . analyses suggest that EMPOWER had a greater effect for black subjects ( vs. whites ) on reducing concern about stigma . three months , the intervention group trended better on most study outcomes . is a promising model to reduce barriers to pain management in hospice ."
3033,Abstract #3033,"new therapeutic approaches have improved the prognosis of newborns with retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ) , an unfavourable structural and functional outcome still remains high . is high pressure to develop new drugs to prevent and treat ROP . is increasing enthusiasm for anti-VEGF drugs , but angiogenic inhibitors selective for abnormal blood vessels would be considered as an optimal treatment.In an animal experimental model of proliferative retinopathy , we have recently demonstrated that the pharmacological blockade of beta-adrenoreceptors improves retinal neovascularization and blood retinal barrier breakdown consequent to hypoxia . purpose of this study is to evaluate the propranolol administration in preterm newborns suffering from a precocious phase of ROP in terms of safety and efficacy in counteracting the progression of retinopathy . newborns ( gestational age at birth lower than 32 weeks ) with stage 2 ROP ( zone II-III without plus ) will be randomized , according to their gestational age , to receive propranolol added to standard treatment ( treatment adopted by the ETROP Cooperative Group ) or standard treatment alone . will be administered until retinal vascularization will be completely developed , but not more than 90 days . participants will be recruited into the study . evaluate the safety of propranolol administration , cardiac and respiratory parameters will be continuously monitored . samplings will be performed to check renal , liver and metabolic balance . evaluate the efficacy of propranolol , the progression of the disease , the number of laser treatments or vitrectomies , the incidence of retinal detachment or blindness , will be evaluated by serial ophthalmologic examinations . function will be evaluated by means of behavioural standardized tests . pilot study is the first research that explores the possible therapeutic role of beta blockers in ROP . objective of this research is highly ambitious : to find a treatment simple , inexpensive , well tolerated and with few adverse effects , able to counteract one of the major complications of the prematurity . favourable results of this research could open new perspectives and original scenarios about the treatment or the prevention of this and other proliferative retinopathies . Controlled Trials ISRCTN18523491 ; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01079715 ; EudraCT Number 2010-018737-21 ."
3034,Abstract #3034,"long-term effects of maintenance infliximab therapy in children with moderately-to-severely active Crohn 's disease . hundred twelve patients with a Pediatric Crohn 's Disease Activity Index ( PCDAI ) score > 30 received infliximab 5mg/kg at weeks 0 , 2 , and 6 in the REACH study . considered responders at week 10 were randomized to infliximab 5mg/kg every 8 ( q8w ) or 12 ( q12w ) weeks . who completed treatment through week 46 , and who the investigator believed would benefit from continued treatment , could enter the open-label extension ( OLE ) and receive up to three additional years of infliximab . hypothesis testing was performed . , identifier : NCT0020767 . children entered the OLE : 33 , 12 , and 15 patients were receiving infliximab 5mg/kg q8w , 5mg/kg q12w , and 10mg/kg q8w , respectively , at extension entry . receiving infliximab for up to 3 years during the OLE maintained clinical benefit , with approximately 80 % of patients consistently having no to mild disease activity per the physician 's global assessment and very good to fair health in the past 2 weeks per the patient and parent/guardian global assessments . with 1-year delay in bone age at baseline trended toward improvement in height during the OLE . system disorders , most commonly upper respiratory infections , were the most prevalent adverse events reported ; six ( 10 % ) patients had serious infections . children with moderately-to-severely active Crohn 's disease who received infliximab for 46 weeks in REACH and then for up to 3 additional years in the REACH OLE , infliximab was effective in maintaining clinical benefit and was generally well-tolerated ."
3035,Abstract #3035,"regional anesthesia has gained popularity for ankle and foot surgery . aim of our study was to investigate the sufficiency of anesthesia for ankle surgery as well as duration of analgesia in postoperative period , using minimal invasive ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia , and to compare it with anesthesia and postoperative analgesia following spinal anesthesia . prospective study included 40 adult trauma patients with bimalleolar fracture who were scheduled for surgery . were randomly assigned and divided in two groups . from the first group underwent an Ultrasound-guided femoro-popliteal block ( US-FPB ) , while a spinal anesthesia ( SA ) was performed for the second group . local anesthetic 0.5 % bupivacaine was used in both groups . patients from the first and nineteen patients from the second group completed the study . of anesthesia were sufficient in both groups without significant differences . of postoperative analgesia was significantly higher in US-FPB group in comparison to SA group ( 12 3 vs. 3 1 h ) ( p < 0.001 ) . the same time , onset of complete sensory motor block was significantly faster in SA group in comparison to US-FPB group ( 5 1 vs. 8 3 min ) ( p < 0.001 ) . invasive US-FPB provides sufficient anesthesia for ankle fracture . comparison to the SA group , patients from the US-FPB group achieved significantly longer postoperative analgesia , while faster onset of anesthesia was noted in SA group ."
3036,Abstract #3036,"to house dust mite ( HDM ) allergens often results in worsening of asthma . , avoidance of exposure to HDM allergens is often proposed . , the most effective and feasible avoidance strategy is still not completely assessed . , we investigated the effects of a combined HDM avoidance strategy on HDM allergen concentrations and clinical condition of allergic , mild asthmatic , patients using no inhaled steroids . patients , allergic to HDM , using no inhaled corticosteroids , were randomly allocated to an active ( n = 76 ) or a placebo allergen-avoidance group ( n = 81 ) . measures consisted of applying Acarosan ( R ) ( placebo : water ) to the living room and bedroom floors , and the use of HDM-impermeable covers for mattresses and bedding ( placebo : cotton covers for mattresses only ) . on allergen concentrations ( Der p 1 ) , FEV1 , bronchial hyperresponsiveness , peak flow parameters and asthma symptom scores were studied during 20 weeks and controlled for the allergic status of the patients . active covers reduced Der p 1 concentrations to 9.4 % ( P = 0.0001 ) , and were always significant lower than in the placebo group ( P = 0.0002 ) . ( R ) resulted in slight but significant decreases ( twofold , P = 0.0001 ) , both on living room and bedroom floors , but concentrations were never significantly lower than the placebo group . the combined avoidance strategy resulted in a considerable reduction in allergen load in the active group , no differences were seen between the two groups in any of the clinical parameters during the follow-up period in this group of allergic asthmatics , using no inhaled corticosteroids . for the allergic status did not alter these results . combined avoidance strategy was effective in reducing HDM allergen concentration . was especially achieved by the allergen-impermeable covers , while the effects of Acarosan ( R ) were only marginal . , this allergen reduction was not reflected in a convincing improvement in clinical condition in this group of mild allergic asthmatics , using no inhaled steroids . , a longer follow-up period would have resulted in more pronounced effects ."
3037,Abstract #3037,"compare the efficacy and safety of vorozole ( VOR ) 2.5 mg once daily with that of megestrol acetate ( MA ) 40 mg four times per day as second-line therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer whose disease progressed after tamoxifen treatment . total of 452 patients were enrolled onto an open , multicenter , randomized phase III trial comparing VOR to MA for tumor response , safety , and quality of life ( as indicated by the Functional Living Index-Cancer score ) . produced a response rate of 9.7 % , compared with 6.8 % for MA ( P = .24 ) . benefit ( complete response + partial response + no change in > 6 months ) was demonstrated in 23.5 % and 27.2 % of patients treated with VOR and MA , respectively ( P = .42 ) . duration of response was 18.2 months for VOR versus 12.5 months for MA ( P = .074 ) . was no significant difference in time to progression or survival between the treatment groups . of treatment because of adverse events occurred less frequently in the VOR-treated group ( 3.1 % v 6.2 % ; P = .18 ) . on the VOR arm reported significantly more nausea , hot flushes , arthralgia , upper respiratory tract infection , anorexia , and paresthesia , whereas those treated with MA had significantly more dyspnea , increased appetite , and weight increase . was no difference between the two treatment groups in Functional Living Index-Cancer scores ( total or subscales ) . , when analyzed by objective response , patients with complete or partial responses ( P = .032 ) or no change ( P = .033 ) who were receiving VOR had significant improvement in the psychologic well-being subscale , compared with patients given MA . is well tolerated and as effective as MA in the treatment of postmenopausal advanced breast cancer patients with disease progression after tamoxifen treatment ."
3038,Abstract #3038,"the importance of heavy drinking and alcohol dependence among patients with opiate and cocaine dependence , few studies have evaluated specific interventions within this group . aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of screening with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test ( AUDIT ) and of brief intervention ( BI ) on alcohol use in a sample of patients treated for opioid or cocaine dependence in a specialized outpatient clinic . outpatients treated for opioid or cocaine dependence in Switzerland were screened for excessive alcohol drinking and dependence with the AUDIT . with AUDIT scores that indicated excessive drinking or dependence were randomized into two groups -- treatment as usual or treatment as usual together with BI -- and assessed at 3 months and 9 months . revealed a high rate ( 44 % ) of problematic alcohol use ( excessive drinking and dependence ) among patients with opiate and cocaine dependence . number of drinks per week decreased significantly between T0 ( inclusion ) and T3 ( month 3 ) . decrease in average AUDIT scores was observed between T0 and T3 and between T0 and T9 ( month 9 ) . statistically significant difference between treatment groups was observed . a substance abuse specialized setting , screening for alcohol use with the AUDIT , followed by feedback on the score , and use of alcohol BI are both possibly useful strategies to induce changes in problematic alcohol use . conclusions can not , however , be drawn from the study because of limitations such as lack of a naturalistic group . important result of the study is the excellent internal consistency of AUDIT in a population treated for opiate or cocaine dependence ."
3039,Abstract #3039,"study compared the total wrist range of motion permitted by four different styles of wrist extension orthoses and the free hand . a repeated-measures , counterbalanced design , 40 healthy female volunteers 20 to 39 years of age shot a basketball while free handed and while wearing each of four wrist extension orthoses : AlignRite ; Rolyan D-Ring Long ; Rolyan D-Ring Short ; and a custom-made , thumb hole design orthosis . motion at the wrist was measured by an electrogoniometer . significant differences were found in total wrist motion permitted among the four orthotic conditions . revealed that the custom-made orthosis allowed significantly less palmar flexion and significantly more dorsiflexion than the three commercially available orthoses . orthoses significantly restricted wrist movement compared with the free hand . commercially available wrist extension orthoses offered little difference in the amount of restriction they provided . custom orthosis restricted movement to a different portion of the available range than did the commercial orthoses . research should examine how different strapping techniques on custom-made orthoses affect total range of motion permitted at the wrist . of patterns of restriction among various styles of orthoses will help therapists to select the most appropriate orthosis for a client 's individual needs ."
3040,Abstract #3040,"treatment of severe snoring has not been considered to be of great value . objective of this study was to determine whether the combination of a nasal decongestant and a prokinetic drug would decrease or eliminate severe snoring . healthy individuals whose sleeping partners reported that the patients had severe nightly snoring entered an open-label trial of 60 mg of pseudoephedrine and 10 mg of domperidone at bedtime for 30 days . night 's snoring was scored on a diary by the sleeping partner . the end of the open-label trial , a subset of subjects whose snoring had recurred were randomized to one or both placebo-controlled trials , either 60 mg of pseudoephedrine sulfate plus 10 mg of domperidone or to 30 mg of pseudoephedrine sulfate plus 10 mg of domperidone . another placebo-controlled trial , the drug combination was compared with each component . the open-label trial , 493 of 772 evaluable subject-nights were free of snoring ; another 232 nights were scored as mild snoring . the placebo-controlled trials , low-dose therapy caused a reduction in snoring , and high-dose therapy even a greater reduction in snoring . drug combination was more effective than either agent alone . with a prokinetic agent plus a nasal decongestant reduced or eliminated severe snoring in the majority of subjects treated ."
3041,Abstract #3041,"purpose of this study was to examine the effect of prefeeding non-nutritive sucking ( NNS ) on breathing , nutritive sucking ( NS ) , and behavioral characteristics of bottle feeding . convenience sample was composed of 10 preterm infants who were 33 to 40 weeks postconceptual age ( PCA ) at the time of the observation . , crossover ; each infant was observed twice during the first 48 hours of bottle feeding . preterm infants received NNS before 1 bottle feeding and served as their own control at a second bottle feeding . was measured using a chin strain gauge and breathing was measured with a nasal thermistor . characteristics included behavior state , measured using the Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program ( NIDCAP ) behavior state scale , and feeding efficiency . of NS ( number of suck bursts , sucks/burst , suck burst length ) and breathing ( number of breath bursts , breaths/burst , breath burst length ) , as well as behavior state during bottle feedings and feeding efficiency ( percent of prescribed formula consumed , formula consumed/minute of feeding ) . waves were smoother and more regular than NNS waves . to onset and duration of the first non-nutritive suck burst were positively correlated with time to onset for the first nutritive suck burst . NNS had no statistically significant effect on characteristics of breathing or on any other characteristics of NS . state during feedings and feeding efficiency were not affected by prefeeding NNS . this sample , the use of prefeeding NNS did not affect NS , breathing during feeding , or select behavioral characteristics of feeding ."
3042,Abstract #3042,"role of fibrinolytic therapy in patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism is controversial . a randomized , double-blind trial , we compared tenecteplase plus heparin with placebo plus heparin in normotensive patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism . patients had right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography or computed tomography , as well as myocardial injury as indicated by a positive test for cardiac troponin I or troponin T. primary outcome was death or hemodynamic decompensation ( or collapse ) within 7 days after randomization . main safety outcomes were major extracranial bleeding and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 7 days after randomization . 1006 patients who underwent randomization , 1005 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis . or hemodynamic decompensation occurred in 13 of 506 patients ( 2.6 % ) in the tenecteplase group as compared with 28 of 499 ( 5.6 % ) in the placebo group ( odds ratio , 0.44 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.23 to 0.87 ; P = 0.02 ) . randomization and day 7 , a total of 6 patients ( 1.2 % ) in the tenecteplase group and 9 ( 1.8 % ) in the placebo group died ( P = 0.42 ) . bleeding occurred in 32 patients ( 6.3 % ) in the tenecteplase group and 6 patients ( 1.2 % ) in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . occurred in 12 patients ( 2.4 % ) in the tenecteplase group and was hemorrhagic in 10 patients ; 1 patient ( 0.2 % ) in the placebo group had a stroke , which was hemorrhagic ( P = 0.003 ) . day 30 , a total of 12 patients ( 2.4 % ) in the tenecteplase group and 16 patients ( 3.2 % ) in the placebo group had died ( P = 0.42 ) . patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism , fibrinolytic therapy prevented hemodynamic decompensation but increased the risk of major hemorrhage and stroke . Funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique in France and others ; PEITHO EudraCT number , 2006-005328-18 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00639743 . )"
3043,Abstract #3043,"tachycardia syndrome ( POTS ) is characterized clinically not only by an exaggerated increase in heart rate ( HR ) , but an associated cognitive impairment that disables many patients . might be effective in improving the cognitive symptoms , but modafinil may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and worsen tachycardia in POTS . tested the hypothesis that modafinil would worsen tachycardia and orthostatic symptoms in POTS . with POTS ( n = 54 ) underwent a randomized crossover trial with modafinil 100 mg versus placebo . rate and systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) were measured seated and standing before modafinil or placebo administration and then hourly for 4 hours . 4 hours , standing HR was not significantly different between the modafinil and placebo groups ( analysis of variance [ ANOVA ] Pdrug = 0.328 ) , but seated SBP was significantly higher in the modafinil group ( mean [ SD ] , 109 [ 12 ] mm Hg vs 104 [ 10 ] mm Hg ; P = 0.004 ) . also significantly increased both the seated SBP ( ANOVA Pdrug = 0.004 ) and the standing SBP ( ANOVA Pdrug = 0.041 ) over time . was no significant difference between modafinil and placebo over the 4-hour period with regard to POTS symptom burden scores ( 14 [ 12 ] vs 14 [ 12 ] ; P = 0.962 ) . did not significantly worsen standing HR or acute orthostatic symptoms in patients with POTS compared with the placebo group and improved upright blood pressure . , modafinil could be tested as a potential treatment for the cognitive impairment in POTS ."
3044,Abstract #3044,"assess the effect of hormone replacement therapy on neural transmission in postmenopausal women using tibolone by a non-invasive , objective way . a randomised , 3 cycle , placebo-controlled study , neurovisual transmission in optic pathways were evaluated by measuring visual evoked potentials ( VEP ) . neuroophtalmologic examination , eligible subjects were randomised into two groups . group ( n = 38 ) were given tibolone 2.5 mg daily continuously for 3 months and control group ( n = 20 ) were treated with placebo . baseline VEP measurement before the treatment and then at the end of first , second and third month were obtained by the EMG-evoked system in the Department of Neurology , University of Celal Bayar , Manisa , Turkey . from 31 women from treatment group and 16 from control group were available for evaluation . mean P ( 100 ) latency values , which indicate the transition time period between the optic stimuli and electrical change recorded on the occipital area by the skin electrodes , have showed a significant decrease for the study group ( from 100.39 + / -0.58 to 97.90 + / -0.65 ms , P < 0.01 ) at the end of the first month of treatment according to the baseline values . difference between two groups has remained constant during the study period . change in latency measurements of VEP , reflecting the functional status in optic pathways from retina to occipital cortex were significantly different in the treatment group than in that of control . concluded that a facilitating effect of tibolone was observed on neurovisual transmission ."
3045,Abstract #3045,"recall is reportedly more common after propofol than after volatile anesthesia , but this may be due to delayed emergence or more amnesia after longer-acting volatiles . electroencephalographic signs of dreaming during anesthesia and the differences between propofol and desflurane also are unknown . authors therefore compared dream recall after propofol - or desflurane-maintained anesthesia and analyzed electroencephalographic patterns in dreamers and nondreamers and in propofol and desflurane patients for similarities to rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep . hundred patients presenting for noncardiac surgery were randomized to receive propofol - or desflurane-maintained anesthesia . raw electroencephalogram was recorded from induction until patients were interviewed about dreaming when they became first oriented postoperatively . spectral and ordinal methods , the authors quantified the amount of sleep spindle-like activity and high-frequency power in the electroencephalogram . incidence of dream recall was similar for propofol ( 27 % ) and desflurane ( 28 % ) patients . to interview were similar ( median 20 [ range 4-114 ] vs. 17 [ 7-86 ] min ; P = 0.1029 ) , but bispectral index values at interview were lower ( 85 [ 69-98 ] vs. 92 [ 40-98 ] ; P < 0.0001 ) in propofol than in desflurane patients . surgery , the raw electroencephalogram of propofol patients showed more and faster spindle activity than in desflurane patients ( P < 0.001 ) . raw electroencephalogram of dreamers showed fewer spindles and more high-frequency power than in nondreamers in the 5 min before interview ( P < 0.05 ) . dreaming seems to occur just before awakening and is associated with a rapid eye movement-like electroencephalographic pattern ."
3046,Abstract #3046,"goal of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of intraoperative positive therapeutic suggestion on postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) in children undergoing general anesthesia and otolaryngological surgery . of the high incidence of PONV following otolaryngological surgery and its negative impact on recovery , researchers have examined various nonpharmacological interventions to target this phenomenon . date , the effectiveness of therapeutic suggestion has not been studied in children . were 67 children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and their mothers . received a standardized anesthetic procedure and were randomly assigned to one of three interventions administered under general anesthesia : therapeutic suggestion , story ( prosody control ) , or standard operating room noise . , parents , and healthcare personnel were blinded to group assignment . and vomiting were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit ( PACU ) and for the first 3 days at home . demonstrated a decrease in nausea severity across the first 3 days , F ( 2,49 ) = 10.37 , P < 0.001 , but no group differences in nausea severity in the PACU ( F ( 2,49 ) = 0.87 , P = 0.43 ) or at home ( F ( 2,49 ) = 0.80 , P = 0.46 ) . were also no group differences in vomiting episodes in the PACU ( chi ( 2 ) ( 2 ) = 1.25 , P > 0.05 ) or at home ( F ( 2,49 ) = 1.59 , P = 0.21 ) . this blinded controlled trial , therapeutic suggestion delivered intraoperatively did not impact children 's PONV . , because this is the first study of this kind , replication may be needed ."
3047,Abstract #3047,"improve dosing consistency and product features , budesonide inhalation powder delivered via a dry powder inhaler ( DPI ) ( DPI-A 200 microg ) was redesigned to include lactose , a newly shaped mouthpiece , and a new dose indicator ( DPI-B ) . DPI-B is available in two strengths ( 90 microg , 180 microg ) . compare the relative rate and extent of the systemic availability of budesonide inhaled via DPI-A and DPI-B and test for systemic absorption bioequivalence . ( n = 37 ) with asthma as defined by the American Thoracic Society were randomized in an open-label , crossover , single-center , single-dose study to budesonide DPI-A 200 microg x 4 inhalations , budesonide DPI-B 180 microg x 4 inhalations , or budesonide DPI-B 90 microg x 8 inhalations , on 3 days , each separated by a washout period of > or = 5 days . samples were collected immediately before and up to 12 h after dosing . pharmacokinetic variables were area under the drug plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity ( AUC ( 0-infinity ) ) and maximum plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) ; plasma concentration at 12 h ( C ( 12h ) ) and time to maximum plasma concentration ( T ( max ) ) were secondary variables . were considered bioequivalent if the 90 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) for their AUC ( 0-infinity ) and C ( max ) ratios fell between 80 and 125 % . events were collected . 90 % CIs for the ratios of AUC ( 0-infinity ) and C ( max ) for budesonide DPI-A 200 microg and DPI-B 180 microg and for both budesonide DPI-B strengths fell between 80 % and 125 % ( AUC ( 0-infinity ) : budesonide DPI-B 180 microg x 4/DPI-A 200 microg x 4 : 96.3 % [ 90 % CI : 90.9 , 102.1 ] ; budesonide DPI-B 180 microg x 4/DPI-B 90 microg x 8 : 92.2 % [ 90 % CI : 87.0 , 97.7 ] ; C ( max ) : ( budesonide DPI-B 180 microg x 4/DPI-A 200 microg x 4 : 100.4 % [ 95 % CI : 92.1 , 109.4 ] ; budesonide DPI-B 180 microg x 4/DPI-B 90 microg x 8 : 94.4 % [ 90 % CI : 86.6 , 102.9 ] ) . differences in C ( 12h ) and T ( max ) were found between treatments . treatments were well tolerated . DPI-A 200 mug and DPI-B 180 mug have systemic absorption bioequivalence , and DPI-B 90 microg and 180 microg are dose-strength equivalent when administered at the same dose . results may not be generalized to all patients with asthma , as this analysis included only patients with mild-to-moderate asthma aged > or = 19 years ."
3048,Abstract #3048,"explore the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with medication on continuing unovulation infertility . cases of continuing unovulation infertility were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group , 25 cases in each group . observation group was treated with Chinese herbal decoction plus acupuncture . decoction , Cupailuan decoction and Cuhuangti decoction were respectively given according to different menstrual cycles and acupuncture and moxibustion at Guanyuan ( CV 4 ) , Zhongji ( CV 3 ) , Luanchao ( ovary ) , etc. . control group was treated with oral administration of Clomiphene and intramuscular injection of Chorionic Gonadotropin . were treated for 6 cycles and the ovulation rate and the pregnancy rate were observed . was no significant difference in the ovulation rate between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . pregnancy rate of 44.0 % in the observation group was significantly higher than 16.0 % in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . observation group was superior to the control group in the score of mucus and the endometrial thickness . acupuncture combined with medication and oral administration of clomiphene plus intramuscular injection of chorionic gonadotropin have higher ovulation rate , and the former was higher than the latter in the pregnancy rate ."
3049,Abstract #3049,"administration of a local anaesthetic in combination with an opioid , for the relief of postoperative pain , has already been reported except after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . study was aimed at assessing the analgesic effect of the intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine and morphine in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy . the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy , in a double-blind , randomized manner , one of the following injections was given intraperitoneally . were 30 patients in each group : Group 1 , physiological saline 30 mL ; Group 2 , bupivacaine 0.25 % 30 mL ; Group 3 , bupivacaine 0.25 % 30 mL plus morphine 2 mg . addition , Group 2 received 2 mg intravenous ( i.v. ) morphine in 2 mL saline , and Groups 1 and 3 , 2 mL saline intravenously . ' postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating score . postoperative analgesic requirement was assessed by the total dose of metamizol administered by an i.v. patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) device . , vital signs , supplemental analgesic consumption and side-effects were recorded for all patients for 24 h. were no differences between the three groups regarding pain scores ( at rest and coughing ) during the study except in the first 2 h , when scores were lower for patients receiving intraperitoneal bupivacaine plus i.v. morphine ( P < 0.05 ) . consumption of metamizol was significantly lower ( P < 0.05 ) in Group 3 than in Group 1 during the first 6 h after surgery . , the cumulative doses of metamizol were also lower in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 over the entire study ( 2025 + / - 1044 mg vs. 4925 + / - 1238 and 4125 + / - 1276mg ; P < 0.05 ) . patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy , the intraperitoneal administration of morphine plus bupivacaine 0.25 % reduced the analgesic requirements during the first 6 postoperative hours compared with the control group . , the combination of intraperitoneal bupivacaine 0.25 % and i.v. morphine was more effective for treatment of pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy ."
3050,Abstract #3050,"to a randomized two-period crossover design , 12 Chinese male volunteers were treated with 2 sertraline tablet formulations , one was made in China as test tablet , the other was made in England as reference tablet . volunteer received each sertraline in a single dose of 150 mg . 2 medications were carried out by a wash-out phase of 23 days . samples were obtained just before dosing and at 10 time points until 96 hours after administration , and plasma sertraline concentrations were determined by a sensitive gas-chromagraphy electron-capture method with a lower limit of quantification of 0.625 ng/ml . bioequivalence of 2 formulations was evaluated by the shortest 90 % confidence interval method which corresponds to the two one-sided test method . point estimate ( 90 % confidence interval ) of the mean ratio ( test/reference ) for AUC ( 0-96 ) was 97.19 % ( 82.66 % to 122.33 % ) , for Cmax 96.27 % ( 83.64 % to 121.36 % ) , and for t ( l/2 ) 96.31 % ( 85.43 % to 119.57 % ) . Tmax ( test-reference ) , the 90 % confidence interval ranged from -4 to +4 hours , but the difference between the Tmax values of 2 products is clinically of minor importance . , it can be concluded that 2 sertraline tablet formulations are bioequivalent . , sertraline is slowly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations at 6 - 8 h , and has a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 26 h , indicating once-daily dosing is available . , it can be taken either in the morning or in the evening , with or without food [ Ronfeld et al. 1997b ] . addition , it also exhibits higher plasma protein binding up to 97 % and extensive first-pass metabolism . demethylation , sertraline is metabolized primarily to N-demethylsertraline , and then eliminated by hydroxylation arid conjugation [ Tremaine et al. 1989 ] . study aimed at assessing of bioequivalence of two sertraline formulations ( produced in China and England , respectively ) in healthy male volunteers after a single dose administration ."
3051,Abstract #3051,"hypertension ( IAH ) is a recognized prognostic marker for severity of severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP ) and has a strong impact on the clinical course of SAP . studies indicate that a Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction ( DCQD ) is beneficial in the treatment of SAP . purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of modified DCQD on IAH in patients with SAP . January 2008 and December 2008 , 42 patients from the West China Hospital were randomized into either the DCQD or control group ( n = 21 in each group ) . , intra-abdominal pressure ( IAP ) , Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II ( APACHE II ) score , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , oxygenation index , Balthazar CT score , rate of renal failure , decompression rate , intensive care unit ( ICU ) transfer rate , and length of hospital stay ( LOS ) were compared between the two groups . to the control group , the modified DCQD treatment significantly decreased IAP ( P < 0.05 ) and APACHE II ( P < 0.05 ) scores on days 4 - 8 , CRP on day 8 ( P < 0.01 ) , renal failure rate ( P < 0.05 ) , and LOS ( P < 0.05 ) . oxygenation index was significantly improved in the DCQD group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . significant differences in the Balthazar CT score , shock rate , ICU transfer rate , or mortality occurred between the two groups . modified DCQD can effectively relieve IAH and decrease LOS for patients with SAP . clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings ."
3052,Abstract #3052,"investigate the changes in serum hepatitis B viral load ( HBV DNA ) and transformer growth factor - ( 1 ) ( TGF-1 ) in patients with chronic hepatitis B after entecavir treatment and evaluates the therapeutic effect of entecavir . patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomly assigned into entecavir group ( n = 33 ) and control group ( n = 30 ) . entecavir group consisted of 9 mild , 17 moderate , and 7 severe cases , all treated with oral entecavir ( 0.5 mg daily ) and general hepatoprotective drugs ; the control group , consisting of 13 mild , 12 moderate and 5 severe cases , was treated with the hepatoprotective drugs only . HBV DNA and TGF - ( 1 ) were determined before and at 3 and 6 months during the treatment . treatment reduced serum HBV DNA load in all the cases in entecavir group , and the difference was statistically significant between the levels measured at 3 and 6 months ( P < 0.05 ) . treatment also resulted in decreased serum TGF - ( 1 ) levels in moderate and severe cases , and the severe cases showed a significant TGF - ( 1 ) reduction after a 6-month treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . can lower serum HBV DNA load levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Entecavir is also effective to reduce serum TGF - ( 1 ) levels in moderate and severe cases , especially in the latter ."
3053,Abstract #3053,"study whether intervention debulking surgery improves survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who have bulky ( > 2 cm ) residual disease after primary surgery . prospective multicentre randomised study . in the West Midlands . cancer patients with bulky residual disease after primary surgery who are considered well enough to receive cis-platinum based chemotherapy and further surgery . patients were randomised to receive combination chemotherapy alone or combined with intervention debulking surgery . was assessed using product limit method and log-rank test . patients were entered into the study . patients were randomised to intervention debulking surgery , 25 ( 67 % ) of whom underwent intervention debulking surgery , which was performed a median of 13 weeks after primary surgery . median survival for the intervention debulking surgery group was 15 months ( 95 % CI 10-20 mo ) and that of those randomised to chemotherapy alone , which was 12 months ( 95 % CI 8-16 mo ) , were not significantly different ( hazard ratio = 0.71 ; 95 % CI 0.44-1 .13 ) . debulking surgery may not improve survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer ."
3054,Abstract #3054,"EVEREST II ( Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair STudy ) High-Risk registry and REALISM Continued Access Study High-Risk Arm are prospective registries of patients who received the MitraClip device ( Abbott Vascular , Santa Clara , California ) for mitral regurgitation ( MR ) in the United States . purpose of this study was to report 12-month outcomes in high-risk patients treated with the percutaneous mitral valve edge-to-edge repair . with grades 3 to 4 + MR and a surgical mortality risk of 12 % , based on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk calculator or the estimate of a surgeon coinvestigator following pre-specified protocol criteria , were enrolled . the studies , 327 of 351 patients completed 12 months of follow-up . were elderly ( 76 11 years of age ) , with 70 % having functional MR and 60 % having prior cardiac surgery . mitral valve device reduced MR to 2 + in 86 % of patients at discharge ( n = 325 ; p < 0.0001 ) . adverse events at 30 days included death in 4.8 % , myocardial infarction in 1.1 % , and stroke in 2.6 % . 12 months , MR was 2 + in 84 % of patients ( n = 225 ; p < 0.0001 ) . baseline to 12 months , left ventricular ( LV ) end-diastolic volume improved from 161 56 ml to 143 53 ml ( n = 203 ; p < 0.0001 ) and LV end-systolic volume improved from 87 47 ml to 79 44 ml ( n = 202 ; p < 0.0001 ) . York Heart Association functional class improved from 82 % in class III/IV at baseline to 83 % in class I/II at 12 months ( n = 234 ; p < 0.0001 ) . 36-item Short Form Health Survey physical and mental quality-of-life scores improved from baseline to 12 months ( n = 191 ; p < 0.0001 ) . hospitalization rate for heart failure fell from 0.79 % pre-procedure to 0.41 % post-procedure ( n = 338 ; p < 0.0001 ) . survival estimate at 12 months was 77.2 % . percutaneous mitral valve device significantly reduced MR , improved clinical symptoms , and decreased LV dimensions at 12 months in this high-surgical-risk cohort . Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge REpair STudy [ EVERESTIIRCT ] ; NCT00209274 ) ."
3055,Abstract #3055,"perforation is a grave complication of typhoid fever . with primary closure is the treatment of choice depending upon the bowel condition . fistula formation is the main concern in primary closure and the incidence of this complication dramatically decreases when omentum is used as a patch over primary closure . total of 176 patients underwent laparotomy for enteric perforation and they were divided into two groups randomly ; Group I -- Primary closure with omental patch and Group II -- Only primary closure . outcomes were measured in relation to hospital stay , wound infection , septicemia , fecal fistula , and mortality . incidence of complications including fecal fistula and mortality is significantly lower in the group I patients . fistula occurs in 7.7 % in group II , while in only 1.1 % in group I. mortality is also lower 3.3 % in group II , while 1.1 % in group I. closure with omental patch is a better option as compared with only primary closure in enteric perforation patients . can be recommended as an alternative method to primary closure only in enteric perforation patients ."
3056,Abstract #3056,"number of clinical studies have been performed in an attempt to establish the effects of alkalinization on potency of local anesthetics . results were obtained probably because different studies used different methods as well as different definitions of the effects . determine the efficacy of alkalinization using different local anesthetic solutions and different regional blocks , 180 patients were studied in a randomized , double-blind fashion . local anesthetic solutions studied were bupivacaine , mepivacaine , and lidocaine ; the regional blocks studied were epidural block , axillary brachial plexus block , and femoral and sciatic nerve block . this study , 180 patients receiving epidural block ( n = 60 ) , sciatic and femoral nerve block ( n = 60 ) , and brachial plexus block ( n = 60 ) were randomized to receive , in a double-blind fashion , a plain or a pH-adjusted solution of 2 % mepivacaine , 2 % lidocaine , or 0.5 % bupivacaine . of sensory analgesia , onset of maximum effect ( peak effect or complete analgesia ) , duration of the block , onset , duration and density of motor block were evaluated using pinprick ( Hollmen scale ) and a 10-point decimal scale ( Seow scale ) . epidural block , the alkalinization of the local anesthetic shortened significantly the onset of sensory analgesia in the dermatome corresponding to the lumbar interspace used for epidural puncture ( L3-L4 ) and increased the spread of the epidural block in all the groups . onset of sensory analgesia at L4 level ranged from 10 minutes for plain bupivacaine to 3 minutes for alkalinized lidocaine , whereas the onset at T10 level ranged from 16 minutes for plain bupivacaine and mepivacaine to 12.3 minutes for alkalinized lidocaine . effects of alkalinization were more evident with lidocaine and bupivacaine . femoral and sciatic nerve blocks , a statistically significant shorter onset of sensory analgesia and motor block were observed with mepivacaine . brachial plexus axillary block , the effects of alkalinization were more evident with lidocaine . produced the best results with lidocaine and bupivacaine for epidural block , with lidocaine for brachial plexus block , and with mepivacaine for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks ."
3057,Abstract #3057,"investigated whether the inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 could improve the long-term prediction of death made by common risk factors plus high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and N-terminal-pro-B natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) in patients with stable coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . CAD patients are usually followed in general practice . is a need for identify biomarkers which could help to foresee the prognoses of these patients . serum YKL-40 is a short-term predictor for myocardial infarction , cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in patients with stable CAD . YKL-40 , hs-CRP , and NT-proBNP were measured in 4265 ( 97.6 % ) of the 4372 patients with stable CAD included in the CLARICOR trial , and death was registered in a 6-years follow-up period . median serum YKL-40 was 110 g/L [ IQR = 93 ] , hs-CRP 2.8 mg/L [ IQR = 4.74 ] , and NT-proBNP 203 ng/L [ IQR = 407 ] . 6 years follow-up period 923 ( 21.1 % ) patients died . adjustment for type of intervention , risk factors ( age , sex , hypertension , diabetes , smoking status , and previous myocardial infarction ) and medical treatment ( diuretics , digoxin , and statin ) serum YKL-40 ( transformed as ln ( max ( 82 , YKL-40 / g/L ) ) was significantly associated with all-cause mortality [ hazard ratio ( HR ) = 1.55 , 95 % CI = 1.39-1 .73 , p < 0.001 ] . additional adjustment for ln ( hs-CRP ) and ln ( NT-proBNP ) this was still true [ HR = 1.38 , 95 % CI = 1.21-1 .53 , p < 0.001 ] . YKL-40 is a predictor of long-term mortality in patients with stable CAD independent of common risk factors and ln ( hs-CRP ) and ln ( NT-proBNP ) . YKL-40 can be used for prognostication in these patients ."
3058,Abstract #3058,"examined the efficacy of the Healthy Living Program in reducing risky sexual behavior and substance use among adults with HIV infection who were marginally housed ( i.e. , homeless at some point over a 37-month period ) . had previously conducted a randomized controlled trial with 936 adults living with HIV infection . that study , 3 intervention modules of 5 sessions each addressed different goals : reducing risky sexual acts and drug use , improving the quality of life , and adhering to healthful behaviors . were interviewed at baseline and at 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 , and 25 months ; 746 completed 4 or more assessments . this study , we analyzed sexual behavior and drug use outcomes for the 35 % ( n = 270 of 767 ) of participants who were considered marginally housed . the marginally housed participants , there were significantly greater reductions in unprotected risky sexual acts , the number of sexual partners of HIV negative or unknown serostatus , alcohol or marijuana use , and hard drug use among the intervention group than among the control group . , skill-focused intervention programs may improve the lives of marginally housed adults living with HIV infection ."
3059,Abstract #3059,"study compared the effect of superior and inferior joint space injections of hyaluronic acid ( HA ) and evaluated osteoarthritic changes in patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint ( TMJ ) anterior disc displacement without reduction ( ADDw/oR ) in association with osteoarthritis ( OA ) by cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) . hundred forty-one patients with research diagnostic criteria for ADDw/oR in association with TMJ OA were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study groups that received superior or inferior joint space injection of HA . and clinical examination were performed before treatment and at 3 and 9 months after treatment . hundred twenty-six patients returned for the 3-month evaluations , and 74 returned for the 9-month evaluations . remodeling and TMJ function showed improvement in most patients after treatment . 3 months , remodeling scores in the superior and inferior groups were 2.14 3.16 and 4.08 3.82 , respectively , and scores were 4.80 3.36 and 7.47 3.90 at 9 months . were significant differences between the superior and inferior groups at 3 and 9 months after treatment ( 3-month , P = .002 ; 9-month , P = .002 ) . Helkimo index of the inferior group was significantly lower than that of superior group at 3 and 9 months ( 3-month , P = .008 ; 9-month , P = .028 ) . were no significant differences in maximal mouth opening between the 2 groups at 3 and 9 months ( 3-month , P = .82 ; 9-month , P = .20 ) . and inferior joint space injections of HA are effective methods for the treatment of ADDw/oR in association with TMJ OA . injection of HA within the inferior joint space appears to result in better condylar reparative remodeling and improvement in jaw function ."
3060,Abstract #3060,"measure and compare the shear bond strengths to porcelain of two composites used with each of two different porcelain bonding systems . porcelain specimens were mounted in acrylic resin , ground flat using 120 and 320 grit sandpaper , and randomly divided into four groups of 10 for specimen fabrication as follows : Group 1 : Premier MicroDose Porcelain Bonding/Optibond FL adhesive/Prodigy composite ; Group 2 : Premier MicroDose Porcelain Bonding/PQ1 adhesive/Amelogen composite ; Group 3 : Ultradent Porcelain Etch/Optibond FL adhesive/Prodigy composite ; Group 4 : Ultradent Porcelain Etch/PQ1 adhesive/Amelogen composite . ' directions were followed to treat the porcelain surface and apply the adhesive and composite to each specimen . storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 7 days , the specimens were subjected to shear testing using an MTS 858 Universal Testing Machine . were recorded and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and t-test . was no significant difference in mean shear bond strength among the four groups ( P = 0.575 ) or between the two groups with the highest and lowest mean shear bond strength ( P = 0.288 ) . mean shear bond strength for all groups exceeded 21 MPa and 39 of 40 specimens exhibited cohesive fracture in porcelain ."
3061,Abstract #3061,"in chronic kidney disease dialysis patients is a complex syndrome involving many causes . dialysis can contribute to its correction through many mechanisms , including the removal of molecules that may inhibit erythropoiesis . aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect on renal anemia of two synthetic , high-flux dialyzers ( polynephron vs. high-flux polysulphone ) . dialysis patients ( 11 male ; mean age : 72 years ) were randomly assigned and studied for 6 months . were 2 dropouts in each group . patient underwent 3 hemodialysis treatments per week without any difference in dialysis prescription . T = 0 and T = 6 ( after 6 months ) , instantaneous plasma clearances and reduction rates of small solutes , 2-microglobulin protein ( 2 - ) ; hemoglobin ( Hb ) , and iron pattern were measured . effect on anemia was evaluated by calculating the Erythropoesis Stimulating Agent ( ESA ) doses and the Erythropoietin Resistance Index ( ERI ) . increased between T0 and T6 in both groups . - pre-dialysis levels significantly decreased between T0 and T6 in both dialyzer groups ( p < 0.001 in both groups ) . Hb levels increased between T0 and T6 , but significantly only for the polynephron patient group ( p = 0.006 and 0.142 ) . dose did not change significantly . ERI decreased by 22.7 % between T0 and T6 in the polynephron-group and increased by 14 % in the others ; these changes were not significant . filters improved Hb levels , although only significantly in the polynephron group , suggesting a possible different effect . results should be interpreted with caution and tested in an appropriately powered , large , prospective , randomized control trial ."
3062,Abstract #3062,"clinical management guidelines for chronic diseases have been published , but they have not been put into practice by busy clinicians at primary care levels . study evaluates the implementation of national guidelines incorporated within a structured diabetes and hypertension clinical record ( SR ) in Cape Town in a randomised controlled trial ( RCT ) . public sector community health centres ( CHC ) were randomly selected and allocated as intervention or control CHC . each clinic , 25 patients with diabetes and 35 patients with hypertension were enrolled at baseline . were completed , blood samples were collected , blood pressure ( BP ) and anthropometric measures were taken and patient records were audited . with clinical guideline prompts were introduced at the intervention clinics after training doctors in their use and suggestions to incorporate them in regular patient records . was maintained during the year of intervention with the clinic staff . follow-up survey was conducted 1 year later to assess BP and HbA1c , and the patient records were examined to ascertain the extent of use of the SR in the intervention clinics . interviews were conducted with doctors and nurses to record their response to the intervention . intervention evaluated in this RCT had no impact on either diabetes or hypertension control . the intervention clinics , less than 60 % of the patient folders contained the SR and when present was seldom used . the staff were well disposed to the research team , their workload prohibited them from undertaking a true evaluation of the SR , and overall they did not perceive the SR as supporting their current process of patient care . benefit to diabetes of hypertension care by introducing and availability of the staff in the use of the SR was shown in this RCT . process measures suggest that the SR was not widely used by the healthcare provided in the primary care clinics ."
3063,Abstract #3063,"determine the efficacy of a combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery compared with ondansetron alone . prospective , randomized , double-blind study with prestudy power analysis performed to determine the sample size . tertiary teaching hospital . hundred patients undergoing tympanomastoidectomy under general anesthesia were included in the study . in group O ( n = 50 ) received ondansetron 4 mg and those in group OD ( n = 50 ) received ondansetron 4 mg with dexamethasone 8 mg 30 minutes before the end of surgery . patients were monitored for nausea score , episodes of vomiting , and rescue antiemetic requirement in 48 hours after surgery . total number of complete responders was calculated . ' satisfaction at the end of the study period was also estimated . patients receiving combination antiemetic ( group OD ) , the nausea score was significantly less ( p < .01 ) at 6 , 12 , and 24 hours after surgery . total incidence of vomiting was reduced from 28 % in group O to 6 % in group OD . antiemetic requirement was significantly less ( p < .01 ) in group OD . number of complete responders significantly improved in the combination group ( 92 % vs 62 % ) . patients were also found to be more satisfied in this group . with a combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone decreased the incidence of nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery to a minimum and improved patients ' satisfaction significantly in the postoperative period ."
3064,Abstract #3064,"evaluate and quantify early and late changes in mesh length after anterior vaginal repair with implants with ultrasound . interventional study . assessment of 35 patient randomized in two groups both with Gynemesh insertion . one group with Gynemesh Prolift anterior kit and second group with individualized size of the Gynemesh . measurement of the mesh in sagittal plane was performed postoperative day 4 and after 3-4 month . values were put in proportions , together with the original size of the mesh . are expressed as a percentage of shortening . comparison of measurements from the late ultrasound scans with original size the shortening of the Prolift was 45 % vs. 25 % in Mesh group . we compared the late and early ultrasound scans , there was no difference in the shrinking of the mesh in both group 16 % vs 20 % . spreading and anchoring of the anterior Prolift has a major impact on the final length of the mesh . tissue reaction expressed as shrinking of the mesh is only 16-20 % ."
3065,Abstract #3065,"a phase III randomized trial , azacitidine significantly prolonged overall survival ( OS ) compared with conventional care regimens ( CCRs ) in patients with intermediate-2 - and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes . one third of these patients were classified as having acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) under current WHO criteria . analysis compared the effects of azacitidine versus CCR on OS in this subgroup . were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous azacitidine 75 mg/m ( 2 ) / d or CCR ( best supportive care [ BSC ] only , low-dose cytarabine ( LDAC ) , or intensive chemotherapy [ IC ] ) . the 113 elderly patients ( median age , 70 years ) randomly assigned to receive azacitidine ( n = 55 ) or CCR ( n = 58 ; 47 % BSC , 34 % LDAC , 19 % IC ) , 86 % were considered unfit for IC . a median follow-up of 20.1 months , median OS for azacitidine-treated patients was 24.5 months compared with 16.0 months for CCR-treated patients ( hazard ratio = 0.47 ; 95 % CI , 0.28 to 0.79 ; P = .005 ) , and 2-year OS rates were 50 % and 16 % , respectively ( P = .001 ) . OS rates were higher with azacitidine versus CCR in patients considered unfit for IC ( P = .0003 ) . was associated with fewer total days in hospital ( P < .0001 ) than CCR . older adult patients with low marrow blast count ( 20 % to 30 % ) WHO-defined AML , azacitidine significantly prolongs OS and significantly improves several patient morbidity measures compared with CCR ."
3066,Abstract #3066,"disadvantage is associated with depression and suicide . sought to determine whether economic disadvantage reduces the effectiveness of depression treatments received in primary care . conducted differential-effects analyses of the Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly : Collaborative Trial , a primary-care-based randomized , controlled trial for late-life depression and suicidal ideation conducted between 1999 and 2001 , which included 514 patients with major depression or clinically significant minor depression . intervention effect , defined as change in depressive symptoms from baseline , was stronger among persons reporting financial strain at baseline ( differential effect size = -4.5 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale points across the study period [ 95 % confidence interval = -8.6 to -0.3 ] ) . found similar evidence for effect modification by neighborhood poverty , although the intervention effect weakened after the initial 4 months of the trial for participants residing in poor neighborhoods . was no evidence of substantial differences in the effectiveness of the intervention on suicidal ideation and depression remission by economic disadvantage . conditions moderated the effectiveness of primary-care-based treatment for late-life depression . strained individuals benefited more from the intervention ; we speculate this was because of the enhanced treatment management protocol , which led to a greater improvement in the care received by these persons . living in poor neighborhoods experienced only temporary benefit from the intervention . , multiple aspects of economic disadvantage affect depression treatment outcomes ; additional work is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms ."
3067,Abstract #3067,"trocar tip design for laparoscopic access incorporates cutting blades to penetrate the body wall . recently , trocars applying tissue dilation have been used that create a smaller defect , seldom requiring fascial wound closure . 12-mm commercially available single-use trocar designs were evaluated for postoperative pain . 4-trocar types included 2 cutting ( single or pyramidal bladed ) and 2 dilating trocars ( radially or axially dilating ) type . patients undergoing transperitoneal laparoscopic renal surgery were randomized and blinded to one of the 4 trocar types . each case , trocars were placed in a standard `` diamond '' configuration : three 12-mm study trocars and a lateral 5-mm trocar that served as a reference point for normalizing patients ' pain scores . pain based on a visual analog scale and complications were assessed . statistically significant difference existed in pain scores between different trocar types or trocar sites at 3-hour , 24-hour , and 1-week postoperative assessment time points . ( 4.8 % ) minor complications occurred : bleeding in 7 ( 4.2 % ) and 1 ( 0.6 % ) wound infection . radially dilating trocar had more device malfunction ( P < 0.05 ) than did the others . 4 disposable trocars , muscle cutting or dilating type , were safe and yielded similar postoperative pain scores with or without the fascial wound closure after renal laparoscopy ."
3068,Abstract #3068,"complications are not uncommon in patients with acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) during treatments . to prevent the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in AMI patients has become one of the most intractable problems . there are conflicting data on the efficacy and complication rate of omeprazole treatment . conducted an intervention study to determine whether using omeprazole could benefit AMI patients . total of 237 patients with AMI were divided into two groups at random : omeprazole group including 114 patients and control group including 123 patients . 40 mg by intravenous drip was given to the patients in omeprazole group when they were admitted to the hospitals . the second day they were given omeprazole 20 mg per day by oral administration for 7 days . contrast , no gastric acid inhibitor was given to the patients in control group . incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding , the recanalization rate and overall mortality in both groups were observed . incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in omeprazole group was 5.3 % ( 6/114 ) which was much lower than 14.6 % ( 18/123 ) in control group ( P = 0.017 ) , but the recanalization rate had no significant difference between the two groups ( P = 0.681 ) . overall mortality in omeprazole group was lower than that of control group ( 3.5 % vs. 10.6 % , P = 0.035 ) . findings suggest that early use of omeprazole in AMI patients could decrease the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the overall mortality , without influencing the recanalization rate . use of omeprazole might benefit AMI patients ."
3069,Abstract #3069,"aim of this prospective , randomized trial was to assess the 10-year long-term safety and effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery ( MIDCAB ) for the treatment of proximal left anterior descending ( LAD ) lesions . follow-up data comparing PCI and MIDCAB surgery for isolated proximal LAD lesions are sparse . with significant isolated proximal LAD stenoses were randomized either to PCI with bare-metal stents ( n = 110 ) or MIDCAB ( n = 110 ) . 10 years , data were obtained with respect to the primary endpoint ( death , myocardial infarction , target vessel revascularization ) . was assessed by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification . was conducted for 212 patients at a median time of 10.3 years . were no significant differences in the binary primary composite endpoint ( 47 % vs. 36 % ; p = 0.12 ) and hard endpoints ( death and infarction ) between PCI and MIDCAB . , a higher target vessel revascularization rate in the PCI group ( 34 % vs. 11 % ; p < 0.01 ) was observed . symptoms improved significantly from baseline and were similar between both treatment groups . 10-year follow-up , PCI and MIDCAB in isolated proximal LAD lesions yielded similar long-term outcomes regarding the primary composite clinical endpoint . vessel revascularization was more frequent in the PCI group ."
3070,Abstract #3070,"fatty acids influence the production of prostaglandins , which is suggested to be of importance for the development of chronic degenerative changes in tendons . studies indicate that treatment with essential fatty acids , vitamins and minerals may be effective against tendon diseases . randomised trial was performed to evaluate the effect of an essential fatty acid supplement on pain in lateral epicondylitis . patients with unilateral epicondylitis were treated with eccentric training of the wrist extensor muscles for 6 months . % of the patients were randomised to 8 weeks of peroral supplement with essential fatty acids , 50 % to placebo supplement . pain declined throughout the study period , with a mean pain level reported on a 10 cm visual analogue scale of 4.9 cm ( 95 % CI 4.3-5 .1 cm ) at inclusion and 0.95 cm ( 95 % CI 0.5-1 .1 cm ) at 6 months . grip force of afflicted arm increased about 23 % . differences in pain reduction or force increase were found between the supplement and the placebo groups . pain was reduced and force increased gradually over 6 months with eccentric training . additional effect was observed with a fatty acid supplement ."
3071,Abstract #3071,"assess the effects of apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) polymorphism on the susceptibility of depression and the efficacy of antidepressants . total of 275 patients with depression , who met the diagnostic criteria of both CCMD-3 and DSM-4 , were randomly assigned into venlafaxine group ( n = 136 ) and paroxetine group ( n = 139 ) . 202 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group . Rating Scale for Depression ( HAMD ) -17 was adopted as the primary rating instrument to evaluate the severity of depression on the baseline and the end of the 1st , 2nd , 4th , 6th week after treatment , respectively . scores 7 was defined as remission , and the reduction of HAMD scores 50 % was defined as response while < 50 % was defined as invalid . fragment length polymorphisms ( PCR-RFLP ) was applied to detect the genetic polymorphism of the APOE in the case groups and control group . the venlafaxine group , the remission rate was 52.9 % ( n = 72 ) , the response rate was 26.5 % ( n = 36 ) , and the invalid rate was 20.6 % ( n = 28 ) , whereas the corresponding data in the paroxetine group wee 42.4 % ( n = 59 ) , 31.7 % ( n = 44 ) , and 25.9 % ( n = 36 ) , respectively . were no significant differences in the efficacy between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ) . the venlafaxine group , there were no significant differences in the genotypes and the allele distribution frequency of APOE2/3/4 between the remitters , nonremitters , and healthy controls at the end of the 6th week ( p > 0.05 ) , but there was significant differences in the allele distribution frequency between the nonremitters and healthy controls ( p = 0.02 ) . paroxetine group , there were no significant differences in the genotypes and the allele distribution frequency of APOE2/3/4 among the remitters , nonremitters and healthy controls at the end of the 6th week ( p > 0.05 ) , but there were significant differences in the allele distribution frequency between the nonremitters and healthy controls ( p = 0.04 ) ; in addition , there were also significant differences in 2/3 and 4 allele between the two groups ( p = 0.014 ) . APOE gene may not play a major role in the pathogenesis of major depression . efficacy of venlafaxine is same as paroxetine after treatment for six weeks . APOE ( 2 +3 ) allele may be an indicator of the bad efficacy of paroxetine treatment ."
3072,Abstract #3072,"25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD ) is lower in women with darker skin color . it due to lower skin production , lower absorption , or different metabolism of vitamin D ? objective of the study was to measure the effect of vitamin D3 on serum 25OHD and serum PTH in older African American women with vitamin D insufficiency and the serum 25OHD 20 ng/mL or less ( < 50 nmol/L ) . results can be used to estimate the Recommended Dietary Allowance ( RDA ) . was a randomized , double-blind placebo trial at Creighton University Medical Center and Indiana University Medical Center . were 110 healthy older African American women . intervention consisted of participants randomly assigned to placebo , vitamin D3 400 , 800 , 1600 , 2400 , 3200 , 4000 , or 4800 IU daily ; calcium supplements were given to maintain total calcium intake of 1200-1400 mg/d . in serum 25OHD and serum PTH levels at 12 months was measured . baseline serum 25OHD was 13 ng/mL ( 33 nmol/L ) . 4800 IU , serum 25OHD averaged 50 ng/mL ( 125 nmol/L ) compared with 47 ng/mL ( 117 nmol/L ) in Caucasian women . PTH at 12 months decreased significantly ( P = .008 ) when related to serum 25OHD but not dose . occurred in 7 % and hypercalciuria in 15 % . were unrelated to vitamin D dose . D3 800 IU increased serum 25OHD greater than 20 ng/mL ( > 50 nmol/L ) in 97.5 % of the African American women just as it did in the Caucasian women , and therefore , the RDA is the same for both groups . absorption and metabolism of oral vitamin D absorption is similar in both groups , lower levels of serum 25OHD in African Americans must be due to lower production of vitamin D in skin ."
3073,Abstract #3073,"the technical advantages of total circulatory arrest for vital organ support during infant heart surgery , many centers have moved away from its use because of the demonstrated effects of circulatory arrest of long duration on neurodevelopmental outcomes . goal was to determine the functional form of the association between duration of circulatory arrest and risk of neurodevelopmental dysfunction . 1988 to 1992 , in a single-center trial , infants with d-transposition of the great arteries underwent the arterial switch operation after random assignment to circulatory arrest or low-flow bypass . alpha-stat method was used , and hematocrit on bypass was maintained at 20 % . , neurologic , and speech outcomes were assessed at 8 years of age in 155 of 160 eligible children ( 97 % ) . selected for analysis were Full-Scale , Verbal , and Performance IQ , Reading and Mathematics Composite , time to complete the Grooved Pegboard ( dominant hand ) , and the Mayo Test for Apraxia . regression and piecewise linear models indicated that neurodevelopmental outcomes were generally not adversely affected unless the duration of circulatory arrest exceeded a threshold of 41 minutes ( 95 % 1-sided lower confidence limit of 32 minutes ) . found that the effect of duration of total circulatory arrest on later neurodevelopmental outcomes is nonlinear , with little influence at shorter durations and with steadily worsening outcomes after longer durations of circulatory arrest . the effects of duration of circulatory arrest may vary according to diagnosis , age at surgery , and other bypass and perioperative variables , this study can not ascertain a universally `` safe '' duration of total circulatory arrest ."
3074,Abstract #3074,"local anaesthetic techniques are available for cataract surgery . , topical anaesthesia has gained in popularity . randomized trial was designed to compare patient discomfort and intraoperative complications following routine cataract surgery under topical or sub-Tenon 's anaesthesia . randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial of 210 patients assigned to either a sub-Tenon 's group ( sub-Tenon 's anaesthesia with placebo topical balanced salt solution , n = 140 ) or a topical anaesthesia group ( topical anaesthesia with placebo sub-Tenon 's injection of balanced salt solution , n = 70 ) was carried out . patients underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation . in the sub-Tenon 's group received a single injection ( 3 ml ) of a combination of lidocaine 2 % ( 2 ml ) and bupivacaine 0.75 % ( 1 ml ) , and four doses of topical placebo ( balanced salt solution ) . in the topical anaesthesia group received four doses of topical proxymethocaine 0.5 % and a placebo sub-Tenon 's injection ( 3 ml ) of balanced salt solution . intracameral injection of local anaesthetic was given . 10-point visual analogue pain scale was used preoperatively and for postoperative pain assessment immediately after the operation and 30 min postoperatively . intraoperative complications in the two groups were recorded . mean pain score immediately after surgery was 2.42 ( sd 2.2 ) in the sub-Tenon 's group and 3.44 ( 2.3 ) in the topical anaesthesia group ( P = 0.0043 ) . mean pain score 30 min after surgery was 1.24 ( 1.7 ) in the sub-Tenon 's group and 2.25 ( 2.2 ) in the topical anaesthesia group ( P = 0.0009 ) . undergoing cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia experience more postoperative discomfort than patients receiving sub-Tenon 's anaesthesia . complications were similar in both groups ."
3075,Abstract #3075,"TIMES2 ( testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with either metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes ) study reported beneficial effects of testosterone replacement therapy ( TRT ) on insulin resistance and other variables in men with diabetes or metabolic syndrome . androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism ( AR CAG ) is known to affect stimulated AR activity and has been linked to various clinically relevant variables . assess the role of AR CAG in the alteration of clinical response to TRT in the TIMES2 study . analysis from a multicentre , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled and parallel group study . study recruiting from secondary and primary care . total of 139 men with hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome , of which 73 received testosterone during the TIMES2 study . 2 % transdermal gel vs placebo . coefficient of AR CAG from linear regression models for each variable . CAG was independently positively associated with change in fasting insulin , triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure during TRT with a trend to association with HOMA-IR - the primary outcome variable . was a trend to negative association between AR CAG and change in PSA . was no association of AR CAG with change in other glycaemic variables , other lipid variables or obesity . CAG affected the response of some variables to TRT in the TIMES2 study , although the association with HOMA-IR did not reach significance . factors may have limited the power of our study to detect the significant associations between AR CAG , testosterone levels and change in variables with testosterone treatment . of similar data sets from other clinical trials is warranted ."
3076,Abstract #3076,"determine the effect of low-dose aspirin on ovarian response , implantation and pregnancy rates in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization ( IVF ) cycles . performed a randomized analysis of 145 infertile women with a mean + / - SD age of 29.6 + / - 4.47 years who underwent cycles of IVF . received 100 mg of aspirin ( n = 72 ) or placebo ( n = 73 ) daily . study was conducted in Royan Institute , Tehran , Iran from April 2002 to January 2004 . was started on the 21st of their preceding menstrual cycle and it was continued until menstruation or a negative pregnancy test . women received the medication until 12 weeks of pregnancy . main outcome measures were number of follicles > or = 15 mm , number of oocytes retrieved , serum E2 levels , cancellation rate , Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ( OHSS ) occurrence , number of embryos transferred , and implantation and pregnancy rates . were statistically significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in the number of follicles ( 7.4 + / - 4.1 versus 9.0 + / - 4.8 ) and OHSS occurrence ( 5.6 % versus 23.3 % ) but not in the other measures . addition of aspirin low dose ( 100 mg/daily ) to the standard long protocol for oocyte retrieval did not improve implantation and pregnancy rates in unselected patients undergoing IVF cycles ."
3077,Abstract #3077,"study investigated the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec ( IDeg ) once daily ( OD ) , varying injection timing day to day in subjects with type 1 diabetes . 26-week , open-label , treat-to-target , noninferiority trial compared IDeg forced flexible ( Forced-Flex ) OD ( given in a fixed schedule with a minimum 8 and maximum 40 hours between doses ) with IDeg or insulin glargine ( IGlar ) given at the same time daily OD . the 26-week extension , all IDeg subjects were transferred to a free-flexible ( Free-Flex ) regimen , which allowed any-time-of-day dosing , and compared with subjects continued on IGlar . 26 treatment weeks , mean glycosylated hemoglobin was reduced with IDeg Forced - Flex ( -0.40 % ) , IDeg ( -0.41 % ) , and IGlar ( -0.58 % ) . Forced-Flex noninferiority was achieved . plasma glucose reductions were similar with IDeg Forced-Flex and IGlar but greater with IDeg ( -2.54 mmol/L ) than IDeg Forced-Flex ( -1.28 mmol/L ) ( P = .021 ) . week 52 , IDeg Free-Flex subjects had similar glycosylated hemoglobin but greater fasting plasma glucose reductions than IGlar subjects ( -1.07 mmol/L ) ( P = .005 ) . hypoglycemia rates ( plasma glucose < 3.1 mmol/L or severe hypoglycemia ) were similar at weeks 26 and 52 . confirmed hypoglycemia was lower with IDeg Forced-Flex vs IDeg ( 37 % ; P = .003 ) and IGlar ( 40 % ; P = .001 ) at week 26 and 25 % lower with IDeg Free-Flex vs IGlar ( P = .026 ) at week 52 . can be administered OD at any time of day , with injection timing varied without compromising glycemic control or safety vs same-time-daily IDeg or IGlar . may improve basal insulin adherence by allowing injection-time adjustment according to individual needs ."
3078,Abstract #3078,"exacerbates the age-related decline in physical function and causes frailty in older persons . , appropriate treatment for obese older persons is unknown . evaluated the effects of weight loss and exercise therapy on physical function and body composition in obese older persons . screened 40 obese older volunteers and eventually randomized 27 frail obese older volunteers to treatment or control groups . consisted of 6 months of weekly behavioral therapy for weight loss in conjunction with exercise training 3 times per week . function was evaluated with measurements of frailty ( Physical Performance Test , peak oxygen consumption , and Functional Status Questionnaire ) ; strength , gait , and balance tests ; body composition with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ; and quality of life using the Medical Outcomes Survey 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey . are reported as mean + / - SD . subjects in the treatment group did not comply with the intervention , and 1 subject in the control group withdrew . included all 27 subjects originally randomized to the treatment and control groups . treatment group lost 8.4 % + / - 5.6 % of body weight , whereas weight did not change in the control group ( +0.5 % + / - 2.8 % ; P < .001 ) . with the control group , fat mass decreased ( -6.6 + / - 3.4 vs +1.7 + / - 4.1 kg ; P < .001 ) , without a change in fat-free mass ( -1.2 + / - 2.1 vs -1.0 + / - 3.5 kg ; P = .75 ) in the treatment group . Physical Performance Test score ( 2.6 + / - 2.5 vs 0.1 + / - 1.0 ; P = .001 ) , peak oxygen consumption ( 1.7 + / - 1.6 vs 0.3 + / - 1.1 mL/min per kilogram ; P = .02 ) , and Functional Status Questionnaire score ( 2.9 + / - 3.7 vs -0.2 + / - 3.9 ; P = .02 ) improved in treated subjects compared with control subjects . also improved strength , walking speed , obstacle course , 1-leg limb stance time , and health survey physical subscale scores ( all P < .05 ) . findings suggest that weight loss and exercise can ameliorate frailty in obese older adults . Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT00146133 ."
3079,Abstract #3079,"dermatitis ( AD ) patients have sensitive skin with impaired barrier function . is a cellulosic fiber that offers unique characteristics and may be suitable for use by AD patients . compare preferences of subjects with atopic dermatitis and normal skin for 100 % lyocell clothing and bedding versus 100 % cotton fabrics . subjects were enrolled and randomly selected to use cotton or lyocell shirts , pajamas , and bedding for 1 week . a 1-week washout period , participants wore the other fabric for 1 week . the end of each week , participants completed a preference questionnaire , and AD subjects also rated daily itching on a visual analog scale . random subset of AD and normal participants underwent measurement of transepidermal water loss ( TEWL ) . , there was a significant preference for lyocell ( vs cotton ) for its softness , temperature control , moisture control , and wrinkle resistance . subjects did not have stronger fabric preferences than did normal subjects . not significant , lower average itching and decreased TEWL were seen in participants while they wore lyocell . is superior to cotton in many performance characteristics and equivalent to cotton for itch reduction . is currently available as a beneficial fabric to improve patient comfort ."
3080,Abstract #3080,"compare the effect of oral selegiline plus nicotine patch with placebo plus nicotine patch on smoking cessation rates . double-blind placebo-controlled trial . community-based clinics . hundred and nine male and female smokers aged 18-55 years , who smoked at least 15 cigarettes/day . selegiline , 2.5 mg , or placebo twice/day initiated 1 week before the quit day , followed by 5 mg oral selegiline or placebo twice daily for 26 weeks , plus active nicotine skin patch to all participants for the first 8 weeks only . of continuous abstinence rates up to 52 weeks , withdrawal symptoms , blood pressure and adverse events incidence . per cent ( 14 of 56 ) were continuously abstinent for 52 weeks in the selegiline plus nicotine group compared with 11 % ( 6 of 53 ) in the placebo plus nicotine group ( P = 0.08 ) . for cigarettes was lower in the selegiline plus nicotine group 4 weeks after quit day ( P = 0.02 ) . selegiline to nicotine patch was associated with a doubling of the 52-week continuous abstinence rate , but this difference was not statistically significant . significantly reduced craving for cigarettes and appeared to mitigate the need for nicotine replacement therapy . results suggest that selegiline is a promising drug for future smoking cessation research ."
3081,Abstract #3081,"the incidence of precancerous conditions of the cervix has recently been increasing , prompt initial and long-term follow-up care can effectively reduce unnecessary morbidity and mortality . example , the 4-year survival rates among those individuals at greatest risk for cervical cancer ( i.e. , minority women of low socioeconomic status ) approach 95 % with early detection . who present with advanced disease have a much poorer outlook ( 0 % -39 % survival ) . , high-risk individuals are least likely to adhere to recommended diagnostic regimens . tested the effectiveness of a brief telephone counseling intervention directed to low-income , inner-city women after they had received an abnormal Pap smear result . women were counseled on the importance of having an initial and 6-month repeat follow-up diagnostic procedure ( i.e. , colposcopic examination of the cervix ) . randomized trial design was used to compare the effects on these women of telephone counseling with ( n = 192 ) or without ( n = 203 ) a booster counseling telephone call prior to the appointment for a repeat colposcopy 6 months later , with a telephone appointment confirmation/reminder call ( n = 216 ) and with standard care ( i.e. , no telephone contact ) ( n = 217 ) . telephone counseling protocol probed for and addressed three psychologic barriers to adherence ( i.e. , attendance at appointment for colposcopy examination ) : 1 ) encoding/expectancy ( e.g. , did the patient understand her risk of developing cervical cancer ? ) 2 ) affective/emotional ( e.g. , was the woman worried about the condition and its consequences ? ) and 3 ) self-regulatory/practical ( e.g. , was the woman likely to forget medical appointments ? ) regression was used to analyze the effects of the intervention group and the type of psychologic barriers elicited on colposcopy adherence . results of logistic regression analysis ( using those who received an appointment confirmation/reminder telephone call as the comparison group ) revealed that telephone counseling produced significantly higher adherence rates to the initial colposcopy visit compared with telephone confirmation ( 300 [ 76 % ] of 395 women versus 147 [ 68 % ] of 216 ; odds ratio [ OR ] = 1.50 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 1.04-2 .17 ) . , standard care resulted in significantly lower adherence rates than did telephone confirmation ( 109 [ 50 % ] of 217 women versus 147 [ 68 % ] of 216 ; OR = 0.47 ; 95 % CI = 0.32-0 .73 ) . attendance at the 6-month repeat colposcopy appointments , the 80 patients who had received telephone counseling prior to the initial visit ( and were recommended for follow-up colposcopy ) were significantly more likely to adhere than were the 47 patients who had received telephone confirmation ( 49 [ 61 % ] of 80 women versus 17 [ 36.2 % ] of 47 ; OR = 2.70 ; 95 % CI = 1.15-6 .51 ) . 6-month adherence rates for patients in the telephone confirmation group and the standard care group ( n = 30 ) were low and did not differ significantly ( 17 [ 36.2 % ] of 47 women versus nine [ 30.0 % ] of 30 ; OR = 1.08 ; 95 % CI = 0.40-2 .89 ) . medical appointments ( OR = 0.31 ; 95 % CI = 0.19-0 .51 ) and having scheduling conflicts ( OR = 0.45 ; 95 % CI = 0.28-0 .72 ) were also associated with lower rates of adherence . use of telephone counseling appears to be an effective strategy for enhancing initial and long-term adherence to a follow-up cervical diagnostic procedure in a traditionally underserved population . who respond to a positive Pap test result with a particular profile of psychologic barriers may require more intensive and targeted counseling interventions ."
3082,Abstract #3082,"donor kidney transplantation ( LDKT ) is the most successful form of renal replacement therapy in terms of wait time and survival rates . , we observed a significant inequality in the number of LDKT performed between the Dutch and the non-Dutch patients . objective of this study is to adapt , implement and test an educational home-based intervention to contribute to the reduction of this inequality . aim is to establish this through guided communication together with the social network of the patients in an attempt that well-informed decisions regarding renal replacement therapy can be made : Multisystemic Engagement & Nephrology . manuscript is a detailed description of the Kidney Team At Home-study protocol . patients ( > 18 yrs ) that are referred to the pre-transplantation outpatient clinic are eligible to participate in the study . will be randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group . control group will continue to receive standard care . experimental group will receive standard care plus a home-based educational intervention . intervention consists of two sessions at the patient 's home , an initial session with the patient and a second session for which individuals from their social network are invited to take part . on the literature and behavioural change theories we hypothesize that reducing hurdles in knowledge , risk perception , subjective norm , self-efficacy , and communication contribute to well-informed decision making and reducing inequality in accessing LDKT programs . change in these factors is consequently our primary outcome-measure . on power calculations , we aim to include 160 patients over a period of two years . we are able to show that this home-based group educational intervention contributes to 1 ) achieving well-informed decision regarding treatment and 2 ) reducing the inequality in LDKT , the quality of life of patients will be improved while healthcare costs are reduced . the intervention is investigated in a random heterogeneous patient group in daily practice , the transfer to clinical practice in other kidney transplant centers should be relatively easy . Trial Register , NTR2730 ."
3083,Abstract #3083,"( EA ) is currently one of the most popular acupuncture modalities . , the continuous stimulation characteristic of EA treatment presents challenges to the use of conventional functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( fMRI ) approaches for the investigation of neural mechanisms mediating treatment response because of the requirement for brief and intermittent stimuli in event related or block designed task paradigms . relatively new analysis method , functional connectivity fMRI ( fcMRI ) , has great potential for studying continuous treatment modalities such as EA . a previous study , we found that , compared with sham acupuncture , EA can significantly reduce Periaqueductal Gray ( PAG ) activity when subsequently evoked by experimental pain . the PAG 's important role in mediating acupuncture analgesia , in this study we investigated functional connectivity with the area of the PAG we previously identified and how that connectivity was affected by genuine and sham EA . subjects , who were randomly assigned to receive either genuine or sham EA paired with either a high or low expectancy manipulation , completed the study . comparison of each treatment mode 's functional connectivity revealed : significantly greater connectivity between the PAG , left posterior cingulate cortex ( PCC ) , and precuneus for the contrast of genuine minus sham ; significantly greater connectivity between the PAG and right anterior insula for the contrast of sham minus genuine ; no significant differences in connectivity between different contrasts of the two expectancy levels . findings indicate the intrinsic functional connectivity changes among key brain regions in the pain matrix and default mode network during genuine EA compared with sham EA . speculate that continuous genuine EA stimulation can modify the coupling of spontaneous activity in brain regions that play a role in modulating pain perception ."
3084,Abstract #3084,"aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) in the symptomatic management of chronic prostatitis pain/chronic pelvic pain syndrome . pretest , posttest randomized double blind design was used in data collection . patients diagnosed with chronic prostatitis - category IIIA and IIIB of the National Institute of Health Chronic Pain ( NIH-CP ) were referred for physiotherapy from the Urology department . treatment pain level was assessed using the NIH-CP ( pain domain ) index . TENS group received TENS treatment , 5 times per week for a period of 4 weeks ( mean treatment frequency , intensity , pulse width and duration of 60 Hz , 100 microS , 25 mA and 20 minutes respectively ) . Analgesic group received no TENS treatment but continued analgesics ; the Control group received no TENS and Analgesic but placebo . subjects were placed on antibiotics throughout the treatment period . pain level was also assessed using NIH-CP pain index . of the study revealed significant effect of TENS on chronic prostatitis pain at p < 0.05 . is an effective means of non-invasive symptomatic management of chronic prostatitis pain ."
3085,Abstract #3085,"digestion of sphingolipids ( SL ) is slow and is catalyzed by mucosal enzymes . SL was shown to inhibit cholesterol absorption and to lower plasma cholesterol , triglycerides ( TG ) and hepatic fat accumulation in animal models . dairy formulation based on fractionation of buttermilk , which is enriched in milk polar lipids of which SL account for a large part is now available . this study , we examined whether this formulation , when ingested with a standard breakfast , exerted a different influence on postprandial lipids than an equivalent control formulation lacking the polar milk lipids . total of 18 healthy male volunteers aged 22-65 years ingested a high-fat ( 40g ) standard breakfast together with a milk-like formulation containing 975mg of milk SL ( A ) or the control formulation ( B ) . levels of TG , total , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) and high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol , apolipoprotein AI ( ApoAI ) , ApoB , glucose and insulin were measured 1 to 7h after the meal . difference was seen between experimental and control groups in postprandial levels of TG , insulin , ApoA1 or ApoB . 1 hour there was a trend of lower cholesterol concentrations in large TG-rich lipoproteins after formulation A. SL-rich buttermilk drink may affect cholesterol concentrations in TG-rich lipoproteins , but has no effect on postprandial TG after a breakfast with butter fat as the major lipid ."
3086,Abstract #3086,"cerebral ischemia remains an important cause of death and disability in patients who have suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH ) . ( ET ) has a potent contractile effect on cerebral arteries and arterioles and has been implicated in vasospasm . authors administered ET ( A/B ) receptor antagonist ( TAK-044 ) to patients suffering from aneurysmal SAH . then assessed whether this agent reduced the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemic events and examined its safety profile in this group of patients . hundred twenty patients who had suffered an SAH were recruited into a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group phase II trial . primary end point was whether a delayed ischemic event occurred within 3 months after the first dose of the study drug and the secondary end points included determining whether a delayed ischemic event occurred by 10 days after the first dose of the study drug , whether a new cerebral infarct was demonstrated on a computerized tomography scan or at postmortem examination by 3 months after administration of the initial dose , the patient 's Glasgow Outcome Scale scores at 3 months after the initial dose , and adverse events . was a lower incidence of delayed ischemic events at 3 months in the TAK-044-treated group : 29.5 % compared with 36.6 % in a group of patients receiving placebo . estimated relative risk was 0.8 with a 95 % confidence interval of 0.61 to 1.06 . were no significant differences in the secondary end points , including clinical outcomes in the placebo-treated and TAK-044-treated groups . TAK-044 was well tolerated by patients who had suffered an SAH , even though hypotension and headache -- side effects compatible with the drug 's vasodilatory properties -- occurred . would be valuable to proceed to a fully powered phase III trial of an ET receptor antagonist in treating aneurysmal SAH ."
3087,Abstract #3087,"objective of this study was to test the effect of sugar-free chewing gum sweetened with xylitol or maltitol compared to the use of a gum base or no gum on gingivitis and plaque scores under both brushing and non-brushing circumstances . design of the study was a four-group , double-blinded , randomized controlled study with a 3-week duration . each group , the participants did not brush the teeth in the lower jaw designated to develop experimental gingivitis , while maintaining normal oral hygiene procedures in the upper jaw . professional dental prophylaxis , the participants were allocated into one of four groups ( xylitol , maltitol , gum base or no gum ) . gum was used five times a day for 10 min . participants completed the study and provided evaluable data . increase in bleeding on marginal probing ( BOMP ) and plaque scores ( PS ) in the non-brushed ( lower ) jaw with experimental gingivitis was significant in all groups ( P < 0.001 ) . compared to the gum base , the increase in BOMP in the xylitol and maltitol group was significantly lower . the brushed upper jaw , no significant changes for BOMP were observed from the baseline to the end point of the study , and there were no significant differences in BOMP and PS between the groups . circumstances where regular brushing is performed , no effect of chewing gum was observed on bleeding and plaque scores . the absence of brushing , chewing xylitol or maltitol gum provided a significant inhibitory effect on gingivitis scores compared to chewing gum base . difference when compared to the group not using gum was not significant ."
3088,Abstract #3088,"examine the acute effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist amantadine on motor and cognitive function in Huntington 's disease ( HD ) . in HD and in the levodopa-induced dyskinesias of PD may be clinically indistinguishable . PD , hyperphosphorylation of NMDA receptors expressed on striatal medium spiny neurons contributes to peak-dose dyskinesias , and drugs that block these receptors can diminish chorea severity . these spiny neurons are the primary target of the neurodegenerative process in HD , sensitization of NMDA receptors on residual striatal neurons might also participate in the generation of motor dysfunction in HD . evaluate this possibility , 24 patients with HD entered a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of amantadine with two 2-week arms . scores were lower with amantadine ( usually 400 mg/d ) than placebo , with a median reduction in extremity chorea at rest of 36 % ( p = 0.04 ) for all 22 evaluable patients and of 56 % in the 10 individuals with the highest plasma drug levels . correlated with plasma amantadine concentrations ( p = 0.01 ) but not CAG repeat length . rating scores did not worsen and there was no consistent change in cognitive measures . event profile was benign . suggest that NMDA receptor supersensitivity may contribute to the clinical expression of choreiform dyskinesias in HD and that selective antagonists at that site can safely confer palliative benefit ."
3089,Abstract #3089,"with acute ischemic syndromes ( AIS ) suffer high rates of recurrent ischemic events despite aspirin treatment . therapy with oral anticoagulants in addition to aspirin may reduce this risk . studied the effects of long-term warfarin at 2 intensities in patients with AIS without ST elevation in 2 consecutive randomized controlled studies . phase 1 , after the cessation of 3 days of intravenous antithrombotic therapy , 309 patients were randomized to receive fixed low-dose ( 3 mg/d ) warfarin for 6 months that produced a mean international normalized ratio ( INR ) of 1.5 + / -0.6 or to standard therapy . percent of patients received aspirin in both groups . rates of cardiovascular ( CV ) death , new myocardial infarction ( MI ) , and refractory angina at 6 months were 6.5 % in the warfarin group and 3.9 % in the standard therapy group ( relative risk [ RR ] , 1.66 ; 95 % CI , 0.62 to 4.44 ; P = 0.31 ) . rates of death , new MI , and stroke were 6.5 % in the warfarin group and 2.6 % in the standard therapy group ( RR , 2.48 ; 95 % CI , 0.80 to 7.75 ; P = 0.10 ) . overall rate of rehospitalization for unstable angina was 21 % and did not differ significantly between the groups . patients in the warfarin group ( 2.6 % ) and none in the control group experienced a major bleed ( RR , 2.48 ; 95 % CI , 0.80 to 7.75 ) , and there was a significant excess of minor bleeds in the warfarin group ( 14.2 % versus 2.6 % ; RR , 5.46 ; 95 % CI , 1.93 to 15.5 ; P = 0.001 ) . phase 2 , the protocol was modified , and 197 patients were randomized < 48 hours from the onset of symptoms to receive warfarin at an adjusted dose that produced a mean INR of 2.3 + / -0.6 or standard therapy for 3 months . percent received aspirin in both groups . rates of CV death , new MI , and refractory angina at 3 months were 5.1 % in the warfarin group and 12.1 % in the standard group ( RR , 0.42 ; 95 % CI , 0.15 to 1.15 ; P = 0.08 ) . rates of all death , new MI , and stroke were 5.1 % in the warfarin group and 13.1 % in the standard therapy group ( RR , 0.39 ; 95 % CI , 0.14 to 1.05 ; P = 0.05 ) . fewer patients were rehospitalized for unstable angina in the warfarin group than in the control group ( 7.1 % and 17.2 % , respectively ; RR , 0.42 ; 95 % CI , 0.18 to 0.96 ; P = 0.03 ) . patients in the warfarin group and 1 in the control group experienced a major bleed , and there was a significant excess of minor bleeds in the warfarin group ( 28.6 % versus 12.1 % ; RR , 2.36 ; 95 % CI , 1.37 to 4.36 ; P = 0.004 ) . treatment with moderate-intensity warfarin ( INR , 2.0 to 2.5 ) plus aspirin but not low-intensity warfarin ( INR , 1.5 ) plus aspirin appears to reduce the rate of recurrent ischemic events in patients with AIS without ST elevation ."
3090,Abstract #3090,"video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary resection is increasingly chosen over thoracotomy , the optimal analgesia regimen for thoracoscopy is unknown . purpose of this trial was to compare the efficacy of analgesia from preoperative bupivacaine paravertebral nerve blockade with that from placebo injections . adult patients undergoing unilateral thoracoscopic procedures were enrolled in a prospective , double-blinded , randomized clinical trial of preoperative , multilevel , single-dose paravertebral nerve blockade . received six paravertebral injections with 5 ml of either 0.5 % bupivacaine with 0.0005 % epinephrine ( treated , n = 40 ) or preservative-free saline ( control , n = 40 ) . weight-adjusted intraoperative fentanyl and postoperative patient-controlled morphine usage , visual analog pain scores , and spirometry were used to compare efficacy of analgesia between groups . treated group received significantly less intraoperative fentanyl compared with the control group ( P = 0.003 ) and had a 31 % smaller cumulative patient-controlled morphine dose ( P = 0.03 ) in the 6 h after block placement . 6 h , treated patients also reported lower maximum pain scores ( P = 0.02 ) and demonstrated less pain score variability ( P = 0.01 ) . statistically significant difference in cumulative morphine usage existed at 12 or 18 h after block placement . significant difference in spirometry , cortisol levels , or cytokine production was found between treatments . paravertebral nerve blockade with bupivacaine is effective in reducing pain after thoracoscopic surgery , but only during the first 6 h after nerve blockade . of the limited duration of effect with currently available local anesthetic agents , the current data suggest that , at present , this technique is not indicated in the setting of thoracoscopic surgery ."
3091,Abstract #3091,"evaluated the efficacy and safety of long-term management of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis ( VKC ) with bromfenac sodium eye drops in combination with corticosteroids and anti-allergic eye drops . patients with VKC were randomly assigned to receive two test eye drops , either bromfenac sodium 0.1 % ( group A ) or placebo eye drops ( normal saline ; group B ) for a mean observation period of 20.9 months . corticosteroids and mast cell stabilizers were continued during the observation period . mean 2-year recurrence rate was 90.9 % in group A and 11.3 % in group B , with a significant difference . serious side effect was observed in group A. results suggest that bromfenac sodium eye drops can be used as baseline local treatment in patients with VKC ."
3092,Abstract #3092,"displays dose-dependent efficacy on cognition in patients with Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) , as measured by the Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale ( ADAS-cog ) . of the OPTIMA ( OPtimising Transdermal Exelon In Mild-to-moderate Alzheimer 's disease ) study aimed to define ADAS-cog domains by factor analysis of individual items . of 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h rivastigmine patch on individual items and newly derived domains was assessed . was a 48-week , double-blind ( DB ) study in patients with mild-to-moderate AD . meeting pre-defined decline criteria during open-label treatment with 9.5 mg/24 h patch were randomized in the DB phase to 13.3 mg/24 h ( n = 280 ) or 9.5 mg/24 h ( n = 287 ) patch . change from baseline was a co-primary outcome measure . analysis categorized ADAS-cog items into newly derived domains . from DB-baseline was calculated for domains and individual items . , less decline was displayed with 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h patch in the total ADAS-cog score at all time points ( significant at Week 24 , p = 0.027 ) . analysis identified two domains : memory and language . , less decline was observed on the memory domain with 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h patch at Weeks 12 , 24 , and 48 ( p < 0.05 ; observed cases ) . items ( following commands , orientation , and word recognition ) displayed numerically less decline with 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h patch at all time points . significant between-group differences were observed on the language domain . suggest that the greater cognitive efficacy of 13.3 mg/24 h versus 9.5 mg/24 h rivastigmine patch is driven primarily by effects on memory , particularly in the areas of following commands , orientation , and word recognition ."
3093,Abstract #3093,"compare the effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine-lidocaine combination on intraocular pressure , quality of block , and degree of postoperative pain in peribulbar block . study group involved 32 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery under peribulbar block . were divided into two groups according to the local anesthetic used : Group 1 ( n = 16 ) , ropivacaine 0.75 % ; and Group 2 ( n = 16 ) , bupivacaine 0.5 % - lidocaine 2 % mixture . pressure was measured at four time points : before block ( control ) , 1 min after block , 5 min after block , and 15 min after block with Tonopen . of block was evaluated using a three-point scoring system based on the reduction of globe motility . were asked their degree of intraoperative pain by using a five-point verbal rating score after the surgery . values of intraocular pressure after block were significantly lower in Group 1 in comparison to Group 2 ( p < 0.05 , Mann Whitney test ) . quality of block was better in Group 2 , and the degree of postoperative pain was lower in Group 1 ( p < 0.05 , Mann-Whitney test ) . used in peribulbar block is better than bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture under the same standard conditions in terms of reducing intraocular pressure and postoperative pain in intraocular surgery ."
3094,Abstract #3094,"compare the immediate and medium-term effects of three stretching methods on the knee flexion range in people with a total knee replacement . clinical trial . hospital . patients were recruited and 100 ( mean age : 68.43 7.95 years ) of them completed the study . receiving total knee replacement due to knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned into 3 groups of : active stretching ( group 1 , n = 32 ) , passive stretching ( group 2 , n = 35 ) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching ( group 3 , n = 33 ) . immediate change in both active and passive knee flexion range after the first treatment session and the pattern of change in these ranges throughout the 2-week study period were compared among the three groups . groups demonstrated significant improvement in knee ranges with time . active range of group 1 improved by 19.9 , group 2 by 25.3 and group 3 by 22.5 throughout the 2-week period , whereas the improvements in the passive range were 18.8 , 24.5 and 22.7 , respectively . between-group comparisons , no significant difference was found in both active ( P = 0.647 ) and passive ( P = 0.501 ) knee range immediately after stretching . the changes at 2 weeks , there was also no significant difference among the groups in both active ( P = 0.716 ) and passive ( P = 0.959 ) knee ranges . study revealed that all three modes of stretching were associated with an increase in the knee flexion range of patients after total knee replacement , with no statistically significant differences between the changes seen ."
3095,Abstract #3095,"a multicenter , double-blind , randomized , parallel-group , placebo-controlled , single-dose study ( n = 1555 ) , a fixed combination of acetaminophen 500mg , acetylsalicylic acid 500mg , and caffeine 130mg ( AAC ) was compared with ibuprofen 400mg ( IB ) and placebo ( PLA ) for acute treatment of migraine . exploratory post-hoc analysis compared AAC with IB and PLA in the subset of patients with severe pain at baseline ( n = 660 ) . most time points , AAC and IB relieved the pain and associated symptoms of severe migraine significantly better than PLA ( p0 .05 ) . was significantly superior to IB for pain relief at 45 minutes and at one , two , three , and four hours postdose ( p < 0.04 ) ; pain intensity difference from one hour through three hours ( p < 0.05 ) ; headache response at two hours ( p = 0.04 ) ; functional disability reduced to little or none at three hours ( p = 0.013 ) ; freedom from phonophobia at three hours ( p = 0.04 ) and photophobia at 15 minutes postdose ( p = 0.03 ) ; and use of rescue medication ( p = 0.018 ) . patients also reported meaningful pain relief 16 minutes faster than IB patients ( 132 minutes vs 148 minutes , p = 0.026 ) . patients with severe baseline migraine pain , AAC and IB are significantly more effective than PLA , and AAC provides significantly faster and more effective pain relief than IB ."
3096,Abstract #3096,"is evidence that in the early stages of type II diabetes , the cardiovascular system compensates by increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( e-NOS ) expression . the advanced stages of disease , e-NOS is diminished , and is associated with endothelial dysfunction . II , acting via the angiotensin II type 1 ( AT ( 1 ) ) receptor , is central to the development of endothelial dysfunction . effect of AT ( 1 ) receptor blockade on NOS expression and activity in humans with early insulin resistance syndrome ( INSR ) has not been previously investigated . subjects with INSR participated in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study . were randomized to receive telmisartan or placebo ( 1 month of each ) in a two-period crossover study with a 1-week washout period in between . arterial stiffness and haemodynamic response to intravenous L-nitro-monomethyl arginine ( L-NMMA 3mg/kg ) was assessed at baseline and at the end of each treatment phase . ( Stiffness index , a measure of large artery stiffness ) and RI ( Reflection index , small - to medium-sized arterial stiffness ) were measured using digital photoplethysmography . parameters [ Heart rate ( HR ) , Systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , Diastolic BP ( DBP ) and systemic vascular resistance index ( SVRI ) ] were measured non-invasively using trans-thoracic bioimpedance . significantly reduced baseline SI , SBP , DBP and SVRI . of L-NMMA produced a significant increase in RI and a significant reduction in HR during placebo therapy . therapy attenuated these responses . therapy reduced NOS activity and/or expression in these subjects , possibly because of improved vascular function arising from AT ( 1 ) receptor blockade ."
3097,Abstract #3097,"assess inhibitory effects of orally administered anti-inflammatory medications on paracentesis-induced intraocular inflammation in clinically normal cats . clinically normal domestic shorthair cats . were randomly assigned to a control group and 4 treatment groups . in the treatment groups received an anti-inflammatory medication orally once daily at 7 AM ( acetylsalicylic acid [ 40.5 mg/cat ] , meloxicam [ 0.1 mg/kg ] , prednisone [ 5 mg/cat ] , or prednisolone [ 5 mg/cat ] ) for 5 days beginning 2 days before paracentesis-induced breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier ( BAB ) and continuing until 2 days after paracentesis . of the anterior chamber was performed in 1 randomly selected eye of each cat . was performed in both eyes of each cat immediately before ( time 0 ) and 6 , 24 , and 48 hours after paracentesis . 24 and 48 hours after paracentesis , fluorescein concentration in the eye subjected to paracentesis in the cats receiving prednisolone was decreased , compared with that in the control cats . 48 hours , a decrease in the fluorescein concentration was also apparent in the eye subjected to paracentesis in the cats receiving meloxicam , compared with that in the control cats . was no evidence of treatment effects for acetylsalicylic acid or prednisone . was no evidence of treatment effects in eyes not subjected to paracentesis . administered prednisolone and meloxicam significantly decreased intraocular inflammation in clinically normal cats with paracentesis-induced BAB breakdown . administration of prednisolone or meloxicam may be an effective treatment for cats with uveitis ."
3098,Abstract #3098,"objective of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of a treatment regimen comprising neoadjuvant conventional androgen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) plus estramustine phosphate ( EMP ) combined with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy ( 3D-CRT ) for patients with intermediate - to high-risk prostate cancer . patients with intermediate - to high-risk prostate cancer classified according to the NCCN practice guidelines recurrence risk group were randomly allocated into two groups : neoadjuvant LHRH agonist plus EMP for 6 months until completion of the 3D-CRT ( EMP group , n = 20 ) , or neoadjuvant LHRH agonist alone ( LHRH group , n = 19 ) . groups received 3D-CRT in daily fractions of 2 Gy for a total dose of 70 Gy . relapse was defined according to the Phoenix definition . median duration of follow-up was 27.1 months . of the patients died during the follow-up period , but three patients in the LHRH group developed distant metastasis . 4-year PSA relapse-free survival outcomes for the EMP group and LHRH group were 61.2 and 49.4 % , respectively ( P = 0.04 ) . Cox regression model analyses of the pretreatment PSA level ( > 20 ng/ml n = 16 vs. < or = 20 ng/ml n = 23 ) , grade ( G8 or more n = 11 vs. G7 or less n = 28 ) and modality ( LHRH group n = 19 vs. EMP group n = 20 ) revealed these factors to be independent predictors of PSA relapse after treatment : pretreatment PSA had a relative risk of 3.84 ( 95 % CI : 1.003-14 .722 ) , grade had a relative risk of 4.29 ( 95 % CI : 1.093-16 .824 ) , and modality had a relative risk of 8.01 ( 95 % CI : 1.867-34 .361 ) . severe toxicities were observed in either group . present results indicate that the combination of neoadjuvant ADT plus EMP combined with 3D-CRT sustains freedom from PSA relapse in patients with intermediate - to high-risk prostate cancer . , this regimen is insufficient for preventing biochemical failure , and an additional intervention such as adjuvant ADT , radiation dose escalation , or both , is required , especially for patients with a pretreatment PSA level of more than 20 ng/ml and high-grade cancer ."
3099,Abstract #3099,"low back with or without lower extremity pain is extremely common , expensive , and disabling . , all modalities of treatments are directed towards disc herniation which is responsible for a very small proportion of the patients . , chronic low back pain without disc herniation is common . modalities of treatments are utilized in managing axial or discogenic pain including surgery and epidural injections including surgery , intradiscal therapies , and epidural injections . , there is continued debate on the effectiveness , indications , and medical necessity of all modalities treatments in managing axial or discogenic pain in the lumbar spine . randomized , double-blind , active control trial . private practice , specialty referral , interventional pain management practice in the United States . evaluate the ability to assess the effectiveness of lumbar interlaminar epidural injections in managing chronic axial or discogenic low back pain with epidural injections of local anesthetic with or without steroids . this study , a total of 120 patients were randomly allocated to one of the 2 groups receiving either local anesthetic alone or local anesthetic with steroids with 60 patients in each group . primary outcome measure was at least 50 % improvement in the numeric rating scale ( NRS ) and Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) . were assessed at 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months post treatment . pain relief and functional status improvement defined as at least 50 % or more reduction in scores from baseline were observed in 72 % of patients receiving local anesthetic alone and 67 % of the patients receiving local anesthetic with steroids . intake was reduced from baseline in each group for 2 years . results of the study are limited by the lack of a placebo group . interlaminar epidural injections of local anesthetic with or without steroids are effective in patients with chronic axial low back pain of discogenic origin without facet joint pain , disc herniation , and/or radiculitis . ."
3100,Abstract #3100,"noninvasive mechanical ventilation ( NIMV ) is used with increasing frequency for the treatment of patients with respiratory failure caused by cystic fibrosis , yet the optimal mode of ventilation in such children is unknown . compared the physiologic short-term effects of two ventilators with different modes ( one pressure support and the other assist control/volume-targeted [ AC/VT ] ) commonly used for domiciliary ventilation . , randomized , crossover comparison of two ventilators with different modes . pediatric university hospital . children with cystic fibrosis ( age , 11-17 yrs ) and chronic respiratory failure ( pH 7.4 + / - 0.0 ; PaO2 , 57.5 + / - 7.5 torr ; PaCO2 , 46.1 + / - 2.5 torr ) , naive to NIMV . 20-min runs of pressure support and AC/VT ventilation were performed in random order , each run being preceded and followed by 20 mins of spontaneous breathing . and airway pressure and esophageal and gastric pressures were measured to calculate esophageal ( PTPes ) and diaphragmatic pressure-time product ( PTPdi ) and the work of breathing . two NIMV sessions significantly improved blood gas variables and increased tidal volume with no change in respiratory rate . of respiratory effort decreased significantly during the two modes of NIMV compared with spontaneous breathing , with PTPdi/min decreasing from 497.8 + / - 115.4 cm H2O x sec x min ( -1 ) during spontaneous breathing to 127.8 + / - 98.3 cm H2O x sec x min ( -1 ) and 184.3 + / - 79.8 cm H2O x sec x min ( -1 ) , during AC/VT and pressure support , respectively ( p < .0001 ) , and the work of breathing decreasing from 1.83 + / - 0.12 J.L-1 during spontaneous breathing to 0.48 + / - 0.32 J.L-1 and 0.75 + / - 0.30 J.L-1 , during AC/VT and pressure support , respectively ( p < .0001 ) . addition , the effect of AC/VT ventilation was significantly superior to pressure support judged by PTPes and the work of breathing , but this result was explained by three patients who adapted extremely well to the AC/VT ventilation , with the disappearance of ventilator triggering , in effect adopting a controlled mode . was a correlation between the improvement in PTPdi/min or the work of breathing and patient 's subjective impression of comfort during the AC/VT ventilation . awake , stable children with cystic fibrosis , both AC/VT and pressure support unloaded the respiratory muscles . disappearance of ventilator triggering occurred in a subgroup of patients during AC/VT ventilation , and this explained the good tolerance and the superiority of this mode in the present study ."
3101,Abstract #3101,"medical advances , children with dilated cardiomyopathy ( DCM ) remain at high risk of death or need for cardiac transplantation . sought to identify predictors of disease progression in pediatric DCM . Pediatric Heart Network evaluated chronic DCM patients with prospective echocardiographic and clinical data collection during an 18-month follow-up . criteria were age < 22 years and DCM disease duration > 2 months . requiring intravenous inotropic/mechanical support or listed status 1A/1B for transplant were excluded . progression was defined as an increase in transplant listing status , hospitalization for heart failure , intravenous inotropes , mechanical support , or death . of disease progression were identified using Cox proportional hazards modeling and classification and regression tree analysis . the 127 patients , 28 ( 22 % ) had disease progression during the 18-month follow-up . analysis identified older age at diagnosis ( hazard ratio = 1.14 per year ; P < 0.001 ) , larger left ventricular ( LV ) end-diastolic M-mode dimension z-score ( hazard ratio = 1.49 ; P < 0.001 ) , and lower septal peak systolic tissue Doppler velocity z-score ( hazard ratio = 0.81 ; P = 0.01 ) as independent predictors of disease progression . and regression tree analysis stratified patients at risk of disease progression with 89 % sensitivity and 94 % specificity based on LV end-diastolic M-mode dimension z-score 7.7 , LV ejection fraction < 39 % , LV inflow propagation velocity ( color M-mode ) z-score < -0.28 , and age at diagnosis 8.5 months . children with chronic stable DCM , a combination of diagnosis after late infancy and echocardiographic parameters of larger LV size and systolic and diastolic function predicted disease progression . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00123071 ."
3102,Abstract #3102,"technique is not standardized . exist with regard to premedication with sedatives before the test . evaluate safety and efficacy of conscious sedation , we studied 100 randomized patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy ; patients received premedication with lidocaine spray and atropine sulfate i.m. ( nonsedation group ; 50 patients ) or lidocaine spray , atropine i.m. and diazepam i.v. ( sedation group ; 50 patients ) . during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy included continuous ECG and pulse oximetry . procedure could not be completed in six patients . received premedication with diazepam ; among the patients who ended the examination , tolerance to the examination ( visual analogue scale , 0 to 100 ; 0 = excellent ; 100 = unbearable ) was better in the sedation group . anxiety , male sex , but not age were also associated with improved patient tolerance to the test . desaturation occurred in 17 % of patients , and it was not more frequent after diazepam treatment . our study , sedation had a beneficial effect on patient tolerance and rarely induced significant alterations in cardiorespiratory monitoring parameters ."
3103,Abstract #3103,"evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ( LGG ) supplementation in eliminating the gastrointestinal carrier state of vancomycin-resistant enterococci ( VRE ) in colonized children , and to evaluate the affect of the probiotic on Lactobacillus spp . in the gastrointestinal tract . randomized , single-blind , placebo-controlled study . ( 0 to 18 y old ) hospitalized at the wards of the children 's hospital who were diagnosed with gastrointestinal carrier state of VRE were randomized to group receiving 3 billion colony forming unit of LGG/day or placebo for 21 consecutive days . total of 61 children completed the study ( 32 in the treatment group and 29 in the control group ) . swabs for VRE and Lactobacillus spp . collected at baseline , during supplementation at weekly intervals and 1 month after supplementation . supply was controlled throughout the duration of the analysis . significant difference in the number of children colonized with VRE between the groups was observed at 3 weeks ( P = 0.002 ) . VRE carrier state was lost by 20 of 32 participants in the treatment group and 7 of 29 in the control group . also observed increased gastrointestinal counts of Lactobacillus spp . children receiving LGG . statistically significant difference in the occurrence of bacteria was observed from week 1 onwards , whereas in the aspect of growth intensity from week 2 onwards . supplementation temporarily eliminates the VRE carrier state and increases gastrointestinal counts of Lactobacillus spp . children versus placebo ."
3104,Abstract #3104,"evaluate the cost-effectiveness of case management by a nurse practitioner ( NP ) to lower blood lipids in patients with coronary heart disease ( CHD ) from a managed care perspective . total of 228 consecutive , eligible adults with hypercholesterolemia and CHD were recruited during hospitalization after coronary revascularization . were randomized to receive lipid management , including individualized lifestyle modification and pharmacologic intervention from an NP for 1 year after discharge in addition to their usual care ( NURS ) or to receive usual care ( EUC ) enhanced with feedback on lipids to their primary provider and/or cardiologist . cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated using incremental costs of the NURS group per unit change and percent change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) for 1 year at 2004 values . annual incremental cost-effectiveness of NP case management was 26.03 dollars per mg/dL and 39.05 dollars per percent reduction in LDL-C . costs of NURS care for the second 6 months of management were compared to the first 6 months of management , nursing salary costs were lower as patients were established on cholesterol management regimens , but the reduction in costs was offset by the increase in incremental costs of drug treatment as the NP titrated the patient to higher drug dosages that were more costly . findings suggest that case management by an NP is a cost-effective approach for a managed care organization to consider in improving the care of patients with cardiovascular disease ."
3105,Abstract #3105,"decrease in portal flow is an important pharmacological effect of drugs used for the prophylaxis of variceal bleeding . assess the acute and chronic effects of propranolol , and the effect of the acute addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate , on splanchnic circulation . of portal blood flow volume ( PBFV ) and of Doppler ultrasound pulsatility index of the superior mesenteric , femoral and interlobar renal arteries were performed in 10 cirrhotic patients with varices at baseline , 90 min after propranolol or placebo , after 30 days of chronic propranolol treatment and 45 min after the addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate . mean PBFV was significantly lower at all times than at baseline , with the greatest mean percentage decrease achieved after the addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate ( > or = 20 % in all patients ) . changes , however , did not predict the chronic effects in many patients . significantly increased the mesenteric and femoral pulsatility indices , whereas no significant change was observed in the kidney . significantly decreases PBFV , but chronic effects can not be reliably predicted by the acute change . patients achieved a decrease in PBFV of > or = 20 % after the acute addition of isosorbide-5-mononitrate to chronic propranolol treatment ."
3106,Abstract #3106,"studies in adult and pediatric bipolar disorder have used different definitions of treatment response . analysis aimed to compare different definitions of response in a large sample of children and adolescents . analysis of a 4-week , multicenter , placebo-controlled study assessed patients ( n = 296 ; ages , 10-17 years ) with an acute manic/mixed episode associated with BIPOLAR I disorder who were randomized to aripiprazole ( 10 or 30mg/day ) or placebo . primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline to week 4 in young mania rating scale ( YMRS ) total score . assessments included : clinical global impressions-bipolar disorder ( CGI-BP ) Overall and mania scales , child global assessment scale ( CGAS ) , and parent and subject general behavior inventory . was compared across seven operational definitions . 's and Spearman 's correlation tested relationships between various response definitions or changes in outcome measures and clinically meaningful improvement ( defined as a CGI-BP overall improvement score of 1 or 2 ) . rates varied depending upon the operational definition , but were highest for 95 % reliable change ( statistical method used to determine individual change from previous assessment ) and 33 % reduction in YMRS total score . rate definitions with the highest validity in terms of predicting clinically meaningful improvement were : 50 % reduction on YMRS ( = 0.64 ) , a composite definition of response ( YMRS < 12.5 , children 's depression rating scale-revised ( CDRS-R ) 40 , and CGAS 51 ; = 0.59 ) , and 95 % reliable change on the CGAS or 33 % reduction on YMRS ( = 0.56 ) . ratings of symptoms were generally better at detecting symptom improvement than were subject ratings ( = 0.4-0 .5 vs. 0.2 when compared with CGI-BP overall improvement score ) . meaningful definitions of response in acute treatment of a manic/mixed episode in pediatric subjects include a 50 % change in YMRS and a composite measure of response . measures of symptom improvement appear reliable for assessing symptom change ."
3107,Abstract #3107,"studies have suggested that interventions to lower dietary fat content and improved fat quality lead to a compensatory increase in sucrose content . purpose of this work was to determine what associations exist between sucrose intake and intake of nutrients , intake of specific foods , and growth in children aged 13 months to 9 years of age in the prospective , randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project . intake and food consumption were evaluated annually at ages 13 months through 9 years by using food records . , 543 children were divided into 3 groups according to mean sucrose intake : constantly high sucrose intake ( highest 10 % ) , constantly low sucrose intake ( lowest 10 % ) , and average sucrose intake ( 80 % ) . and relative weights and heights were recorded at 7 , 13 , and 24 months of age and annually thereafter until 9 years old . high sucrose-intake group exceeded the recommended sucrose intake ( < 10 % of energy intake , World Health Organization ) already at the age of 2 years . and total fat intake did not differ between the sucrose-intake groups . with low and average sucrose intake consumed more protein and had a better dietary fat quality than children with high sucrose intake . also tended to receive more vitamin E , niacin , calcium , iron , zinc , and dietary fiber than children who consumed a high sucrose diet . in the low sucrose-intake group consumed more grains , vegetables , and dairy products than the other children . intake had no direct association with obesity , but weight , height , and BMI of children differed between the sucrose-intake groups between 7 months and 9 years of age . children aged 13 months to 9 years , long-term low sucrose intake is associated with better nutrient intake and growth than high sucrose intake ."
3108,Abstract #3108,"agents are commonly used co-medications by HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment . effects of various representative acid-reducing agents on the pharmacokinetics ( PK ) of boosted elvitegravir were evaluated by 1-way interaction in 4 studies . subjects received ritonavir-boosted elvitegravir ( EVG/r ; 50/100 mg QD ) administered alone or with antacid simultaneously in Study 1 , staggered ( 2 or 4 hours ) or with omeprazole in Study 2 ; Studies 3 and 4 evaluated cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir ( EVG/co ; 150/150 mg QD ) administered simultaneously or staggered ( +12 hours ) with famotidine or omeprazole . of PK alteration was defined as 90 % confidence intervals about the geometric least squares means ratio ( coadministration : alone ) being within 70 % -143 % for elvitegravir Cmax ( maximum concentration ) , Ctau ( trough ) , and AUCtau ( area under plasma concentration-time curve ; 0-24 hours ) ; cobicistat PK were explored . exposures were 40 % -50 % lower upon simultaneous dosing of EVG/r and antacids , probably due to local complexation with cations in gastrointestinal tract , and were unaffected with 2 hours staggered dosing . relevant drug interactions were observed between EVG/co and famotidine or between EVG/r or EVG/co and omeprazole , indicating the absence of a broader pH effect on boosted EVG PK . all studies , study treatments were well tolerated , with adverse events being generally mild to moderate in severity and primarily gastrointestinal disorders . are no clinically relevant interactions between boosted elvitegravir , and thus elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine / tenofovir DF single-tablet regimen , and H2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors ; staggered antacid administration by 2 hours is recommended ."
3109,Abstract #3109,"assess the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effects of a dentifrice containing 0.3 % triclosan , 2 % copolymer and 0.243 % ( 1,100 ppm ) sodium fluoride in subjects with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis . was a single center , monadic study . had at least 20 teeth remaining in the functional dentition , excluding third molars . a baseline examination for plaque , gingival inflammation and bleeding , 75 qualified healthy adult males and females , ages 18-70 were selected to participate in the study . prophylaxis was performed and subjects were provided with two tubes of toothpaste ( Colgate Total ) and a soft-bristle toothbrush ( Colgate Wave Toothbrush ) . subjects were instructed to brush twice daily using a modified Bass brushing technique . the end of the 6 - to 8-week period subjects returned for collection of clinical and subjective data . subjects completed the study . clinical and subjective reductions were significant . results showed statistically significant reductions in plaque index , gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing . overall conclusion was that Colgate Total was a comprehensive dentifrice that produced a significant reduction in gingivitis , plaque , and bleeding ."
3110,Abstract #3110,"measures can guide clinical decisions and are useful when evaluating treatment outcomes . , many clinicians do not use self-report measures systematically in their clinical practice . questionnaires could facilitate administration , but the psychometric properties of the online version of an instrument should be explored before implementation . recommendation from the International Test Commission is to test the psychometric properties of each questionnaire separately . objective was to compare the psychometric properties of paper-and-pencil versions and Internet versions of two questionnaires measuring depressive symptoms . 87 participating patients were recruited from primary care and psychiatric care within the public health care system in Sweden . completed the Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI-II ) and the Montgomery-sberg Depression Rating Scale-Self-rated ( MADRS-S ) , both on paper and on the Internet . order was randomized to control for order effects . severity in the sample ranged from mild to severe depressive symptoms . properties of the two administration formats were mostly equivalent . internal consistency was similar for the Internet and paper versions , and significant correlations were found between the formats for both MADRS-S ( r = .84 ) and the BDI-II ( r = .89 ) . between paper and Internet total scores were not statistically significant for either questionnaire nor for the MADRS-S question dealing with suicidality ( item 9 ) when analyzed separately . score on the BDI-II question about suicidality ( item 9 ) was significantly lower when administered via the Internet compared with the paper score , but the difference was small ( effect size , Cohen 's [ d ] = 0.14 ) . were significant main effects for order of administration on both questionnaires and significant interaction effects between format and order . should not , however , pose a problem in clinical use as long as the administration format is not changed when repeated measurements are made . MADRS-S can be transferred to online use without affecting the psychometric properties in a clinically meaningful way . full BDI-II also seems to retain its properties when transferred ; however , the item measuring suicidality in the Internet version needs further investigation since it was associated with a lower score in this study . use of online questionnaires offers clinicians a more practical way of measuring depressive symptoms and has the potential to save resources ."
3111,Abstract #3111,"factors related to suicide and suicide attempts have been studied much more extensively in unipolar depression compared with bipolar disorder . investigated demographic and course-of-illness variables to better understand the incidence and potential clinical correlates of serious suicide attempts in 648 outpatients with bipolar disorder . with bipolar I or II disorder ( DSM-IV criteria ) diagnosed with structured interviews were evaluated using self-rated and clinician-rated questionnaires to assess incidence and correlates of serious suicide attempts prior to study entry . prospective ratings of illness severity were compared for patients with and without a history of suicide attempt . 34 % of patients with a history of suicide attempts , compared with those without such a history , had a greater positive family history of drug abuse and suicide ( or attempts ) ; a greater personal history of early traumatic stressors and more stressors both at illness onset and for the most recent episode ; more hospitalizations for depression ; a course of increasing severity of mania ; more Axis I , II , and III comorbidities ; and more time ill on prospective follow-up . a hierarchical logistic regression , a history of sexual abuse , lack of confidant prior to illness onset , more prior hospitalizations for depression , suicidal thoughts when depressed , and cluster B personality disorder remained significantly associated with a serious suicide attempt . retrospective findings , supplemented by prospective follow-up , indicate that a history of suicide attempts is associated with a more difficult course of bipolar disorder and the occurrence of more psychosocial stressors at many different time domains . attention to recognizing those at highest risk for suicide attempts and therapeutic efforts aimed at some of the correlates identified here could have an impact on bipolar illness-related morbidity and mortality ."
3112,Abstract #3112,"implement a simulation-based introductory pharmacy practice experience ( IPPE ) and determine its effectiveness in assessing pharmacy students ' core domain abilities prior to beginning advanced pharmacy practice experience ( APPE ) . 60-hour IPPE that used simulation-based techniques to provide clinical experiences was implemented . students were enrolled in this simulation IPPE , while 60 were enrolled in hospital and specialty IPPEs within the region . IPPE assessed 10 out of 11 of the pre-APPE core domain abilities , and on the practical examination , 67 % of students passed compared to 52 % of students in the control group . performed better on all 6 knowledge quizzes after completing the simulation IPPE . on scores on the Perception of Preparedness to Perform ( PREP ) survey , students felt more prepared regarding `` technical '' aspects after completing the simulation experience ( p < 0.001 ) . percent of the respondents agreed with the statement `` I am more aware of medication errors after this IPPE . '' is an effective method for assessing the pre-APPE abilities of pharmacy students , preparing them for real clinical encounters , and for making them more aware of medication errors and other patient safety issues ."
3113,Abstract #3113,"investigate the safety and effects of a restrictive red blood cell ( RBC ) transfusion strategy in pediatric cardiac surgery patients . controlled trial . ICU in an academic tertiary care center , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands . hundred seven patients with non-cyanotic congenital heart defects between 6 weeks and 6 years of age . hundred three patients underwent corrective surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass . to surgery patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups with specific RBC transfusion thresholds : Hb 10.8 g/dl ( 6.8 mmol/l ) and Hb 8.0 g/dl ( 5.0 mmol/l ) . of stay in hospital ( primary outcome ) , length of stay in PICU , duration of ventilation ( secondary outcome ) , incidence of adverse events and complications related to randomization ( intention to treat analysis ) . the restrictive transfusion group , mean volume of transfused RBC was 186 ( 70 ) ml per patient and in the liberal transfusion group 258 ( 87 ) ml per patient , ( 95 % CI 40.6-104 .6 ) , p < 0.001 . of hospital stay was shorter in patients with a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy : median 8 ( IQR 7-11 ) vs. 9 ( IQR 7-14 ) days , p = 0.047 . other outcome measures and incidence of adverse effects were equal in both RBC transfusion groups . of blood products for the liberal transfusion group was 438.35 ( 203.39 ) vs. 316.27 ( 189.96 ) euros ( 95 % CI 46.61-197 .51 ) per patient in the restrictive transfusion group , p = 0.002 . patients with a non-cyanotic congenital heart defect undergoing elective cardiac surgery , a restrictive RBC transfusion policy ( threshold of Hb 8.0 g/dl ) during the entire perioperative period is safe , leads to a shorter hospital stay and is less expensive ."
3114,Abstract #3114,"induction chemotherapy followed by irradiation and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been reported as valuable alternatives to total laryngectomy in patients with advanced larynx or hypopharynx cancer . report results of the randomized phase 3 trial 24954 from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer . with resectable advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx ( tumor stage T3-T4 ) or hypopharynx ( T2-T4 ) , with regional lymph nodes in the neck staged as N0-N2 and with no metastasis , were randomly assigned to treatment in the sequential ( or control ) or the alternating ( or experimental ) arm . the sequential arm , patients with a 50 % or more reduction in primary tumor size after two cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil received another two cycles , followed by radiotherapy ( 70 Gy total ) . the alternating arm , a total of four cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil ( in weeks 1 , 4 , 7 , and 10 ) were alternated with radiotherapy with 20 Gy during the three 2-week intervals between chemotherapy cycles ( 60 Gy total ) . nonresponders underwent salvage surgery and postoperative radiotherapy . Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain time-to-event data . 450 patients were randomly assigned to treatment ( 224 to the sequential arm and 226 to the alternating arm ) . follow-up was 6.5 years . with a functional larynx was similar in sequential and alternating arms ( hazard ratio of death and/or event = 0.85 , 95 % confidence interval = 0.68 to 1.06 ) , as were median overall survival ( 4.4 and 5.1 years , respectively ) and median progression-free interval ( 3.0 and 3.1 years , respectively ) . 3 or 4 mucositis occurred in 64 ( 32 % ) of the 200 patients in the sequential arm who received radiotherapy and in 47 ( 21 % ) of the 220 patients in the alternating arm . severe edema and/or fibrosis was observed in 32 ( 16 % ) patients in the sequential arm and in 25 ( 11 % ) in the alternating arm . preservation , progression-free interval , and overall survival were similar in both arms , as were acute and late toxic effects ."
3115,Abstract #3115,"evaluate the safety and efficacy of recombinant interferon-gamma ( rIFN gamma ) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) , using an induction and maintenance regimen . multicenter , randomized , double-blind trial of 197 patients with RA was conducted to compare the effects in a group receiving 50 micrograms of rIFN gamma , given subcutaneously in a decreasing regimen over 24 weeks , with those in a placebo group receiving injections of placebo at the same time frequency . clinical assessments were performed . rIFN gamma and placebo produced a significant improvement from baseline to end point visit for most measurements ( except erythrocyte sedimentation rate , duration of morning stiffness , and grip strength ) , but no significant intergroup differences were seen . adverse effects , mild local skin reactions at the site of injection were observed , and among the cardiovascular events , mild edema and vasodilatation were reported . gamma proved no more effective than placebo in this group of patients with RA . gamma was well tolerated in this group of patients , without increased toxicity compared with placebo ."
3116,Abstract #3116,"test the hypotheses that ( 1 ) a monetary incentive promotes peer-support group participation ; and ( 2 ) peer-support group participation decreases repeat adolescent pregnancies . , prospective , randomized controlled trial . , Colo. . total of 286 primiparous girls younger than 18 years , whose infants were younger than 5 months . were randomized to 4 interventions : monetary incentive and peer-support group , peer-support group only , monetary incentive only , or no intervention . of participation in planned intervention and repeat pregnancy . in interventions was generally low . 1 was supported : 58 % of those offered a monetary incentive participated in the peer-support groups , compared with 9 % of those who were not offered the incentive . 2 was rejected : the peer-support group experience failed to prevent repeat pregnancies . incidence of second pregnancies at 6 months ( 9 % , 22/248 ) , at 12 months ( 20 % , 49/248 ) , at 18 months ( 29 % , 72/248 ) , and at 24 months ( 39 % , 97/248 ) following delivery did not vary significantly in relation to intervention strategy . sociodemographic characteristics significantly affected the timing of subsequent conceptions but not intervention participation . monetary incentive draws adolescent mothers to sites where they can discuss the costs and benefits of contraception and conception with knowledgeable adults and supportive peers . discussions do not prevent repeat pregnancies . studies are needed to determine if an intervention that produces substantive changes in the daily living environment will eliminate the sexual practices that are responsible for the high rate of repeat pregnancy in this population ."
3117,Abstract #3117,"of omega-3 fatty acids in perinatal women are well documented , although fish intake has declined among perinatal women . determine the tolerability of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in perinatal women . and postpartum women with major depressive disorder ( MDD ) entered an 8-week double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids . capsules provided 1.84 g/day of eicosapentanoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) , or matching placebo ( corn oil with 1 % fish oil to maintain blind ) . was assessed by clinician interview biweekly . women enrolled . ( 22 % ) reported mainly transient side effects including dizziness , diarrhea , nausea , burping , heartburn/reflux , difficulty swallowing capsules , unpleasant breath/bad taste or feeling tired . most common were unpleasant breath/bad taste and heartburn/reflux . reporting side effects received omega-3 fatty acids ; seven received placebo . pregnant nor postpartum women discontinued due to intolerability . fatty acid supplements were well tolerated by perinatal women ."
3118,Abstract #3118,"vaginal hysterectomy is one of the definite methods for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with lesser intraoperative bleeding and shorter hospitalization compared with abdominal hysterectomy . , laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy can not preserve uterus and can show postoperative complications by the change of pelvic structure . , laparoscopic uterine artery ligation has been introduced for relieving the symptoms caused by uterine fibroids in place of hysterectomy . current study was designed to compare postoperative quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy , and to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic uterine artery ligation which can treat symptomatic uterine fibroids with the preservation of uterus . enrolled the current study are randomized to laparoscopic uterine artery ligation or laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy . primary outcome is to compare postoperative quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire for Cancer patients version 3.0 . outcomes are to evaluate the volume reduction of uterus , uterine fibroids and ovaries by the 2 treatments , to compare the improvement of subjective symptoms using 11-point symptom score and postoperative clinical outcomes between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy , and to investigate the improvement of postoperative vaginal bleeding by laparoscopic uterine artery ligation . treatment methods for symptomatic uterine fibroids with the preservation of uterus , laparoscopic uterine artery ligation is expected to have the efficacy like uterine artery embolization , which appeared to be safe for routine use with symptomatic relief . current study fully recruited in June 2008 and the results will be available in June 2009 . there is no difference of postoperative QOL between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids , the comparison of quality of life between laparoscopic uterine artery ligation and uterine artery embolization will be also needed as a surgical treatment for preserving uterus . Controlled Trials ISRCTN76790866 ."
3119,Abstract #3119,"have previously described gene-expression signatures that predict growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of common chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro . aim of this study was to confirm the validity of these gene-expression signatures in a large series of patients with oestrogen-receptor-negative breast tumours who were treated in a phase III neoadjuvant clinical trial . trial compares a non-taxane regimen ( fluorouracil , epirubicin , and cyclophosphamide [ FEC ] for six cycles ) with a taxane regimen ( docetaxel for three cycles followed by epirubicin plus docetaxel [ TET ] for three cycles ) in women with oestrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer . primary endpoint of the study is the difference in progression-free survival based on TP53 status and will be reported later . response with gene signatures was a planned secondary endpoint of the trial and is reported here . complete response , defined as complete disappearance of the tumour with no more than a few scattered tumour cells detected by the pathologist in the resection specimen , was used to assess chemosensitivity . was prepared from sections of frozen biopsies taken at diagnosis and hybridised to Affymetrix X3P microarrays . single-agent drug sensitivity signatures were combined to obtain FEC and TET regimen-specific signatures . study is registered on the clinical trials site of the US National Cancer Institute website http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00017095 . 212 patients with oestrogen-receptor-negative tumours assessed , 87 patients were excluded . oestrogen-receptor-negative tumours ( 55 that showed pathological complete responses ) were tested : 66 in the FEC group ( 28 that showed pathological complete responses ) and 59 in the TET group ( 27 that showed pathological complete responses ) . regimen-specific signatures significantly predicted pathological complete response in patients treated with the appropriate regimen ( p < 0.0001 ) . FEC predictor had a sensitivity of 96 % ( 27 of 28 patients [ 95 % CI 82-99 ] ) , specificity of 66 % ( 25 of 38 patients [ 50-79 ] ) , positive predictive value ( PPV ) of 68 % ( 27 of 40 patients [ 52-80 ] ) , and negative predictive value ( NPV ) of 96 % ( 25 of 26 patients [ 81-99 ] ) . TET predictor had a sensitivity of 93 % ( 25 of 27 patients [ 77-98 ] ) , specificity 69 % ( 22 of 32 patients [ 51-82 ] ) , PPV of 71 % ( 25 of 35 patients [ 55-84 ] ) , and NPV of 92 % ( 22 of 24 patients [ 74-98 ] ) . of tumour size , grade , nodal status , age , and regimen-specific signatures showed that the genomic signatures were the only independent variables predicting pathological complete response at p < 0.01 . of patients with these signatures would increase the proportion of patients with pathological complete responses from 44 % to around 70 % in the patients studied here . have validated the use of regimen-specific drug sensitivity signatures in the context of a multicentre randomised trial . high NPV of both signatures may allow early selection of patients with breast cancer who should be considered for trials with new drugs ."
3120,Abstract #3120,"prospectively evaluate the effect of 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg intracameral bevacizumab on surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma ( NVG ) , with primary outcome measures being the regression of neovascularization of iris ( NVI ) and reduction of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) . patients with neovascular glaucoma from December 2006 to March 2007 were randomized into two cohorts assigned to receive 1.25 mg ( Group 1 ) or 2.5 mg ( Group 2 ) intracameral bevacizumab prior to undergoing mitomycin C ( MMC ) trabeculectomy . outcome measures were evaluated following initial injection and during follow-up post-surgery . most common causes for iris neovascularization were central retinal vein occlusion ( 47.3 % ) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( 36.8 % ) . intracameral bevacizumab , there was a reduction in IOP compared to baseline in both treatment groups ( Group 1 , n = 9 : -10.4 + / -4.5 mmHg , p = 0.57 ; Group 2 , n = 10 : -12.1 + / -5.5 mmHg , p = 0.1 ) . reduction in IOP was not statistically significant between the two groups ( p = 0.55 ) . of the eyes underwent further retinal ablation post trabeculectomy . of NVI was seen in three eyes ( Group 1 , n = 2 ; Group 2 , n = 1 ) after 3 months . was no statistically significant difference in regression of NVI grade between the treatment groups ( p = 0.1 ) . efficacy of an intracameral dose of 2.5 mg of bevacizumab prior to trabeculectomy for eyes with NVG is not significantly different from a 1.25 mg dose . bevacizumab followed by trabeculectomy results in good surgical outcomes . follow-up would be needed to evaluate differences in recurrence rates of iris neovascularization using different dosages ."
3121,Abstract #3121,"investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of hip protectors in frail community living older women . controlled trial . care health services in New South Wales , Australia . women 74 years of age or more ( mean age 83 years ) , who had two or more falls or one fall requiring hospital admission in the previous year , and who lived in their own homes . of hip protectors . with use of hip protectors , falls , incidence of hip fracture , and adverse effects of use of hip protectors . was approximately 53 % over the duration of the study and hip protectors were worn at the time of 51 % of falls in the intervention group . risk of hip fracture when falling while wearing hip protectors , compared with a fall with no hip protectors in place , was significantly reduced ( relative risk ( RR ) 0.23 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.08 to 0.67 ) . an intention to treat analysis , 21 and 22 hip fractures occurred in the intervention and control groups respectively ( adjusted RR 0.92 , 95 % CI 0.51 to 1.68 ) . users of hip protectors sustained a hip fracture while wearing properly applied protectors , while 16 hip protector users ( 5 % ) developed minor local complications . protectors prevent hip fractures in community dwelling older women if worn at the time of a fall . overall effectiveness of hip protectors was not established in this study , because of incomplete adherence with use of the protectors , and limited statistical power ."
3122,Abstract #3122,"use of specific antimicrobial agents in toothpastes may help reduce plaque and gingivitis . would also appear to be some value in formulating products that contain combinations of such agents that may potentiate any activity present . aims of this exploratory and pragmatic study were twofold : ( 1 ) Exploratory : to compare the effects on plaque re-growth of two zinc citrate/triclosan formulations , one of which contained bromochlorophene and hence demonstrate any additional beneficial effects produced by the addition of the phenol . 2 ) Pragmatic : to assess whether both pastes were significantly better than a benchmark control , proprietary fluoride toothpaste at inhibiting plaque formation . an initial prophylaxis to remove all plaque and calculus , toothpaste slurry rinses were used over a 96 h period by 24 volunteers , while omitting all other oral hygiene procedures . 24 , 48 and 96 h , plaque was measured by plaque area and by plaque index . comparative purposes , a conventional commercial fluoride toothpaste rinse was also used as a benchmark control in this triple cross-over double-blind study . one exception , comparisons between the three pastes failed to show any significant differences in plaque accumulation at 96 h whether assessed by plaque index or area . this time period , significantly more plaque was seen with the zinc citrate paste without bromochlorophene , compared with that of the control paste . findings from this study failed to demonstrate a plaque-inhibitory action from the two novel formulations beyond that of a conventional benchmark toothpaste , although overall levels of plaque formed by the volunteers , especially on the control paste were generally lower than in previous studies . , it remains to be determined whether the test formulations could exert a direct anti-inflammatory action against gingivitis by way of the triclosan delivery system . test formulation was subsequently marketed ."
3123,Abstract #3123,"has been shown to reduce infarct size , ischemic/reperfusion injury and myocardial injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . study tested the hypothesis that postconditioning attenuates the elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) and improves heart function in patients with AMI after PCI . total of 75 patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups : the routine group ( n = 26 ) , in which no intervention was given at the onset of reperfusion ; and the Postcon-30s ( n = 25 ) or Postcon-60 s ( n = 24 ) groups , in which 3 cycles of 30 - or 60-second balloon deflation and inflation were repetitively performed . serum concentration was measured by ELISA . and regional left ventricular systolic function was determined by echocardiography at 1 year . normal controls ( NC ) were enrolled in the study . TNF-alpha concentration in patients with AMI was significantly elevated at baseline compared to controls ( P < 0.01 ) . levels increased in the routine and Postcon-30s , but not in Postcon-60s group at 7 days ( P < 0.05 ) . for linear associations among the three groups , left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) and wall motion score index ( WMSI ) were ranked as follows : Postcon-60s > Postcon-30s > routine ( P values all < 0.05 , 65 % vs. 57 % vs. 52 % and 1.10 vs. 1.27 vs. 1.53 ) after 1 year . importantly , there was a significant relevance between the soluble TNF-alpha serum concentration at 7 days and LVEF or WMSI after 1 year ( P values all < 0.0001 ) . , in particular Postcon-60s was associated with long-term cardioprotective effects for inhibition of the inflammatory response and reperfusion injury . soluble TNF-alpha serum concentration provided powerful prognostic information of global and regional left ventricular systolic function in patients with AMI ."
3124,Abstract #3124,"compare the sealing ability of gutta-percha and thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based systems along the root canals using a recently introduced glucose penetration model . ( n = 156 ) instrumented to an apical size of .06 / 40 were divided into 12 experimental and 2 control groups . root canals were filled with either gutta-percha ( groups 1-6 ) or Resilon ( groups 7-12 ) core materials combined with AH Plus ( groups 1 , 4 , 7 , 0 ) , Ketac Endo ( groups 1 , 5 , 8 , 11 ) , or Epiphany ( groups 2 , 6 , 9 , 12 ) , using cold lateral compaction ( groups 1-3 , 7-9 ) or System B with Obtura II ( groups 4-6 , 10-12 ) . leaked glucose concentration was measured spectrophotometrically at 1 , 8 , 15 , 22 , and 30 days . leaking of each group was also calculated . were recorded as mmol/L and statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests ( P = .05 ) . the experimental period Resilon/Ketac-Endo/cold lateral compaction ( group 8 ) showed the highest mean cumulative glucose penetration ( mmol/L ) ( 17.27 + / - 10.32 ) , whereas Resilon/AH Plus/cold lateral compaction ( group 7 ) had the least ( 3.36 + / - 4.65 ) ( P < .05 ) . the 30 ( th ) day , the least leaking percentage was observed in gutta-percha , Epiphany/cold lateral compaction ( group 3 ) . penetration was affected by the obturation technique in some groups . either with gutta-percha ( group 2 ) or Resilon ( group 8 ) indicated significantly less glucose penetration in warm technique , whereas gutta-percha/Epiphany ( group 3 ) had significantly less glucose penetration in cold technique ( P < .05 ) . material/technique combinations allowed glucose penetration . Plus combinations allowed similar patterns of glucose penetration to Resilon/Epiphany combinations ."
3125,Abstract #3125,"performance has been reported to predict dopamine ( DA ) effects on working memory , following an inverted-U pattern . pattern may hold true for other executive functions that are DA-sensitive . objective of this study is to investigate the effect of D : - amphetamine , an indirect DA agonist , on two other putatively DA-sensitive executive functions , inhibition and motor planning , as a function of baseline performance . with no prior stimulant exposure participated in a double-blind crossover study of a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg , p.o. of D : - amphetamine and placebo . were divided into high and low groups , based on their performance on the antisaccade and predictive saccade tasks on the baseline day . functions , mood states , heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before ( T0 ) and after drug administration , at 1.5 ( T1 ) , 2.5 ( T2 ) and 3.5 h ( T3 ) post-drug . errors decreased with D : - amphetamine irrespective of baseline performance ( p = 0.025 ) . antisaccade latency , participants who generated short-latency antisaccades at baseline had longer latencies on D : - amphetamine than placebo , while those with long-latency antisaccades at baseline had shorter latencies on D : - amphetamine than placebo ( drug x group , p = 0.04 ) . : - amphetamine did not affect motor planning . of mood improved on D : - amphetamine ( p < 0.001 ) . of D : - amphetamine-induced changes in elation was related to baseline reaction time variability . : - amphetamine reduced antisaccade error rates in healthy controls , replicating and extending findings with DA agonists in clinical populations . : - amphetamine had baseline-dependent effects on antisaccade latency , consistent with an inverted-U relationship between performance and DA activity ."
3126,Abstract #3126,"describe transition probabilities for incident human papillomavirus ( HPV ) 16/18/31 / 33/35/45 / 52/58/59 infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN ) 1 lesions . ages 16 to 23 years underwent cytology and cervical swab PCR testing for HPV at approximately 6-month intervals for up to 4 years in the placebo arm of an HPV vaccine trial . cumulative proportion of incident HPV infections with diagnosed CIN , clearing ( infection undetectable ) , or persisting without CIN , were estimated . incident infections cleared , without detection of CIN , ranging at 36 months from 66.9 % for HPV31 to 91.1 % for HPV59 . was little variation in the 36-month proportion of incident HPV16 , 18 , and 31 infections followed by a CIN1 lesion positive for the relevant HPV type ( range 16.7 % -18.6 % ) , with lower risks for HPV59 ( 6.4 % ) and HPV33 ( 2.9 % ) . transition probabilities for CIN2 ranged across types from 2.2 % to 9.1 % ; however , the number of events was generally too small for statistically significant differences to be seen across types for this endpoint , or CIN3 . incident HPV types appear more likely to result in diagnosed CIN1 than others . relative predominance of HPV16 , vis -- vis some other high-risk HPV types ( e.g. , HPV33 ) in prevalent CIN2/3 , appears more directly associated with relatively greater frequency of incident HPV16 infections within the population , than a higher risk of infection progression to CIN2/3 . all incident HPV infections either manifest as detectable CIN or become undetectable within 36 months . HPV types ( e.g. , 16 and 33 ) appear to have similar risk of CIN2/3 despite widely varied incidence ."
3127,Abstract #3127,"crying and sleep problems ( e.g. frequent night waking , difficulties settling to sleep ) each affect up to 30 % of infants and often co-exist . are costly to manage and associated with adverse outcomes including postnatal depression symptoms , early weaning from breast milk , and later child behaviour problems . such problems could improve these adverse outcomes and reduce costs to families and the health care system . guidance-i.e. providing parents with information about normal infant sleep and cry patterns , ways to encourage self-settling in infants , and ways to develop feeding and settling routines before the onset of problems-could prevent such problems . paper outlines the protocol for our study which aims to test an anticipatory guidance approach . families from four Local Government Areas in Melbourne , Australia have been randomised to receive the Baby Business program ( intervention group ) or usual care ( control group ) offered by health services . Baby Business program provides parents with information about infant sleep and crying via a DVD and booklet ( mailed soon after birth ) , telephone consultation ( at infant age 6-8 weeks ) and parent group session ( at infant age 12 weeks ) . English speaking parents of healthy newborn infants born at > 32 weeks gestation and referred by their maternal and child health nurse at their first post partum home visit ( day 7-10 postpartum ) , are eligible . primary outcome is parent report of infant night time sleep as a problem at four months of age and secondary outcomes include parent report of infant daytime sleep or crying as a problem , mean duration of infant sleep and crying/24 hours , parental depression symptoms , parent sleep quality and quantity and health service use . will be collected at two weeks ( baseline ) , four months and six months of age . economic evaluation using a cost-consequences approach will , from a societal perspective , compare costs and health outcomes between the intervention and control groups . our knowledge this is the first randomised controlled trial of a program which aims to prevent both infant sleeping and crying problems and associated postnatal depression symptoms . effective , it could offer an important public health prevention approach to these common , distressing problems ."
3128,Abstract #3128,"about an inhibitory effect of proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs ) on clopidogrel metabolism have been raised . the pharmacological effect of clopidogrel is dependent on genetically determined activity of the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzymes system , it is important to examine the interaction between different PPIs and high on-treatment platelet reactivity ( HPR ) after controlling for genetic variability . aim of the study was to assess the effect of 2 PPIs and a histamine-2 ( H2 ) receptor-blocker on platelet reactivity in a crossover trial where each patient was alternately treated with each drug . reduces HPR more than other PPI or H2 blockers . treated with aspirin and clopidogrel for at least 1 month were assigned to 3 consecutive 1-month treatment periods during which they were treated with each of the 3 study medications twice daily : omeprazole 20 mg , famotidine 40 mg , and pantoprazole 20 mg . the end of each treatment phase , platelet function was evaluated with the Verify Now system using 2 cutoff values ( > 208 P2Y12 reaction units [ PRUs ] and > 230 PRUs ) for the definition of HPR . with HPR were older than those without HPR ( 62 10 vs 55 8 years , respectively , P = 0.03 ) . was more prevalent during omeprazole therapy compared to famotidine or pantoprazole ( 48 % , 33 % , and 31 % , respectively , for the 208 PRU cutoff , P = 0.04 ; and 37 % , 17 % , and 23 % , respectively , for the 230 PRU cutoff , P = 0.003 ) . eliminating the effects of interindividual variability in clopidogrel metabolism , omeprazole therapy was associated with substantially more HPR than famotidine or pantoprazole ."
3129,Abstract #3129,"pancreaticojejunostomy ( PJ ) , the occurrence of an injury during the removal of a stented tube is sometimes related to pancreatitis or late-onset stenosis of the pancreatic duct . this study , we compare the outcomes of a PJ with an external stent versus an internal stent in a randomized study . compared the complications including pancreatic fistula , mortality , and postoperative hospital stay of 43 patients who had PJ with an external stent ( group E ) or PJ with an internal stent ( group I ) after a pancreaticoduodenectomy ( PD ) . fistula occurred in 8 patients ( 36.4 % ) in group E , while it only was seen in 7 patients ( 33.3 % ) in group I. Pancreatitis was recognized in 3 patients in group E , while there was no patient in whom an obstruction due to an internal stent was suspected . with an internal stent is therefore considered to be an effective treatment alternative after PD , with an acceptable morbidity and no mortality ."
3130,Abstract #3130,"in vitro study evaluated the microleakage of Class V cavities restored with a resin composite and different adhesive systems after occlusal loading . box-shaped Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal side of 135 non-carious human premolars . teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 45 premolars each and restored as follows : Group 1-two-step total-etch adhesive ( Single Bond , 3M ) + resin composite ( Supreme , 3M ESPE ) ; Group 2-two-step self-etch adhesive ( Clearfil SE , Kuraray ) + resin composite and Group 3-one-step self-etch adhesive ( Xeno III , Dentsply ) + resin composite . restorations were finished with aluminum oxide discs ( Sof-Lex , 3M ) . teeth in each group received 10,000 x 100 N and 250 N occlusal loads , respectively , and the remaining 15 teeth served as the control . premolars were immersed in 2 % methylene blue for 24 hours . dye penetration was examined under a stereomicroscope , and the results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis , Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests to determine differences between the groups . margins showed more dye penetration than occlusal margins in all the tested groups ( p < 0.05 ) . all the tested adhesive systems , 100 N occlusal loading did not change dye penetration ; however , Groups 1 and 2 exhibited better marginal sealing than Group 3 at the enamel margins under 250 N occlusal loading . the limitations of this in vitro study , it may be concluded that enamel margins provided better marginal sealing than dentin/cementum margins and the two-step self-etch adhesive exhibited better marginal sealing than an all-in-one adhesive at the enamel margins under 250 N occlusal loading ."
3131,Abstract #3131,"investigate progress toward motor recovery in patients with chronic hemiparesis ( mean time since stroke 3.2 years ) , comparing different types of practice schedules . increase voluntary control of the upper extremity , active neuromuscular stimulation was administered during blocked and random practice schedules as patients performed three specific movements : wrist/finger extension , elbow joint extension , and shoulder joint abduction . stroke subjects volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups : blocked practice ( the same movement was repetitively performed on successive trials ) combined with active neuromuscular stimulation ; random practice ( different movements on successive trials ) along with active stimulation ; or no active stimulation assistance control group . completed two days of 90 minute training for each of two weeks with at least 24 hours of rest between sessions . session was three sets of 30 successful active neuromuscular stimulation trials with the three movements executed 10 times/set . design analyses on three categories of behavioural measures indicated motor improvements for the blocked and random practice/stimulation groups in comparison with the control group during the post-test period , with a larger number of blocks moved , faster premotor and motor reaction times , and less variability in the sustained muscular contraction task . extremity rehabilitation intervention of active stimulation and blocked practice performed as well as stimulation/random practice . , these purposeful voluntary movement findings support and extend sensorimotor integration theory to both practice schedules ."
3132,Abstract #3132,"assess the efficacy of the 8-week therapy with esomeprazole 40 mg vs. pantoprazole 40 mg for healing erosive oesophagitis ( EE ) as part of a management study . had a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms ( > or = 6 months ) and had suffered heartburn on at least 4 of the 7 days preceding enrollment . were performed to grade EE severity using the Los Angeles ( LA ) classification system at baseline , 4 and 8 weeks ( if unhealed at 4 weeks ) . severity was recorded by patients on diary cards . primary end point was healing of EE by week 8 of treatment . 3170 patients randomized , the intent-to-treat population consisted of 3151 patients ( 63 % male , mean age : 50.6 years , 27 % Helicobacter pylori-positive ) . 40 mg healed a significantly greater proportion of EE patients than pantoprazole 40 mg at both 4 weeks ( life table estimates : esomeprazole 81 % , pantoprazole 75 % , P < 0.001 ) and 8 weeks ( life table estimates : esomeprazole 96 % , pantoprazole 92 % , P < 0.001 ) . median time to reach sustained heartburn resolution was 6 days in patients receiving esomeprazole and 8 days with pantoprazole ( P < 0.001 ) . 40 mg is more effective than pantoprazole 40 mg for healing EE and providing resolution of associated heartburn ."
3133,Abstract #3133,"increased prostaglandin synthesis that might follow stimulation of the arachidonic acid cascade by angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition ( ACE-I ) has been suggested to underlie the appearance of cough on ACE-I treatment . investigated whether the prostanoid thromboxane was involved . patients with essential hypertension who had cough after enalapril 20 mg once a day ( coughers ) were treated , while continuing the enalapril , in a double-blind crossover study with placebo or picotamide , 600 mg twice daily . is a platelet antiaggregant that acts through both inhibition of thromboxane synthase and thromboxane-receptor antagonism . hypertensive patients with no history of ACE-I-induced cough were also treated with enalapril and served as controls . frequency was measured by a visual analogue scale and by a daily cough diary . h urinary recovery of 11-dehydro-thromboxane-B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were measured to assess any changes in endoperoxide metabolism during the study periods . ( TXB2 ) recovery was significantly reduced by picotamide , which led to the disappearance of cough in eight patients within 72 h. Picotamide urinary recovery data suggested incomplete absorption in the non-responder . baseline and after rechallenge with enalapril , 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion was in the same range in the controls and in the coughers , but the latter showed significantly lower excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha , and their ratio of 11-dehydroTXB2 to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was twice that of the controls ( 1.40 [ 95 % CI 0.86-1 .95 ] vs 0.61 [ 0.37-0 .84 ] ) . thromboxane antagonist is effective in ACE-I-induced cough . imbalance between thromboxane and prostacyclin may represent a marker of patients susceptible to ACE-I-induced cough ."
3134,Abstract #3134,"compare the therapeutic outcomes of polyhexamethylene biguanide ( PHMB ) and chlorhexidine for Acanthamoeba keratitis . , double-masked , randomized comparative study . eyes of 55 patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis were randomized to receiving PHMB 0.02 % or chlorhexidine 0.02 % . was made based on positive culture results ( cornea or contact lens case ) or on clinical grounds . primary outcome measure was treatment failure defined as failure to induce a favorable clinical response within two weeks . outcomes were : 1 ) recovery of visual acuity ( VA ) , 2 ) the degree of corneal scarring posttreatment , or 3 ) the need for penetrating keratoplasty . eyes completed the study . eyes received PHMB and 28 received chlorhexidine . percent were contact lens wearers . ( 78 % ) PHMB patients were treatment successes compared with 24 ( 85.7 % ) chlorhexidine patients ( P = .71 ) . was confirmed by positive corneal culture results in 26 cases ( 51 % ) . was made within 28 days in 29 cases ( 56.9 % ) , between one and two months in 13 cases ( 25.5 % ) , and after more than two months in eight cases ( 15.7 % ) . in VA was seen in 13 eyes ( 56.5 % ) receiving PHMB vs 20 eyes ( 71.4 % ) receiving chlorhexidine . one-quadrant corneal scarring was seen in 43.5 % of eyes receiving PHMB and 71.4 % of eyes receiving chlorhexidine , whereas moderate corneal scarring in two or three quadrants was seen in 21.7 % of eyes receiving PHMB and in 10.7 % of eyes receiving chlorhexidine . eyes worsened while receiving PHMB vs four eyes worsening while receiving chlorhexidine . keratoplasty was required in three eyes from PHMB group and in two eyes from chlorhexidine group . were similar when using PHMB and chlorhexidine as monotherapy agents in treating Acanthamoeba keratitis ."
3135,Abstract #3135,"potent , topical corticosteroids offer effective and rapid healing of psoriatic lesions . long term use is limited because of the risk of side effects . is safe for long-term treatment , but its initial efficacy is lower than with topical corticosteroids . investigate whether 2 weeks of treatment with clobetasol propionate 0.05 % ointment bd followed by 4 weeks of treatment with calcipotriol 50 microg/g bd would offer therapeutic advantages over 6 weeks of continuous treatment with calcipotriol . patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were recruited from five centres in Norway . a randomised , double-blind , right - versus left-side comparison , ointments were applied to two symmetrically-located areas . weeks of treatment with clobetasol propionate produced a significantly greater decrease in total symptom score ( combined scores of erythema , induration and scaling ) than calcipotriol treatment ( P < 0.0001 ) . improvement on the clobetasol propionate-treated side of the body was maintained throughout a subsequent 4-week treatment period when calcipotriol was applied to both sides of the body ( P < 0.0001 ) . superiority of the clobetasol propionate followed by calcipotriol treatment was maintained during a 4-week , treatment-free , observation period . were well tolerated with no rebound effect . propionate ointment bd for 2 weeks followed by treatment with calcipotriol ointment bd for 4 weeks was superior to calcipotriol ointment alone in the treatment of plaque psoriasis ."
3136,Abstract #3136,"determine the efficacy , tolerability and safety of the short-acting insulin analogue lispro compared with regular short-acting insulin , Humulin R as premeal therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus and to assess the safety of lispro administered for one year . study was part of an international multicentre crossover study ( IOAG ) in which 1008 patients were randomised . patients from Auckland , with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus , received lispro for 3 months and Humulin R for 3 months in a crossover design . the end of the crossover period , 19 patients elected to participate in an open label continuation of lispro therapy . N , L or U was used as basal insulin therapy . and Humulin R in combination with Humulin N , L or U did not significantly differ with respect to glycaemic control or incidence of hypoglycaemia . haemoglobin ( HbA1C ) improved from 8.6 % at baseline to 7.6 + / - 0.9 ( Humulin R ) and 7.7 + / - 1.1 % ( lispro ) . the open label continuation of lispro plus the usual basal insulin HbA1C deteriorated to 8.6 % after 12 months . this short-term comparison , lispro and Humulin R were well tolerated , while glycaemic control , incidence of hypoglycaemia and adverse effects were similar ."
3137,Abstract #3137,"aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 2-month exercise training associated with continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP ) treatment on the subjective and objective sleep measurements , quality of life , and mood in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( OSAS ) patients . patients were randomized into two treatment groups : CPAP ( n = 19 ) and CPAP + exercise ( n = 13 ) . patients completed 1 month of sleep hygiene , 2 months of treatment ( CPAP or CPAP + exercise ) , and 1 week of washout ( no treatment ) . and Luckett sleep questionnaire , Epworth sleepiness scale , sleep diaries , polysomnography , SF-36 inventory of quality of life , Profile of Mood States ( POMS ) questionnaire , neck circumference , and body composition were evaluated . + exercise group also underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after treatment . treatments were effective in improving subjective sleepiness but CPAP + exercise treatment was more effective in maintaining this improvement after washout . significant differences were found in most of the sleep parameters studied in both groups . + exercise group showed lower values of tension and fatigue on POMS and higher values of physical functioning , general health perception , and vitality on SF-36 after treatment . 2-month exercise training associated with CPAP treatment for OSAS patients has a positive impact on subjective daytime sleepiness , quality of life ( physical functioning and general health perception ) , and mood state ( tension and fatigue ) ."
3138,Abstract #3138,"study assessed the efficacy and safety of the neuronal potassium channel opener ezogabine ( US adopted name ; EZG ) / retigabine ( international nonproprietary name ; RTG ) as adjunctive therapy for refractory partial-onset seizures . was a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial in adults with 4 partial-onset seizures per month receiving 1 to 3 antiepileptic drugs . ( RTG ) or placebo , 3 times daily , was titrated to 600 or 900 mg/d over 4 weeks , and continued during a 12-week maintenance phase . percentage seizure reductions from baseline and responder rates ( 50 % reduction in baseline seizure frequency ) were assessed . intention-to-treat population comprised 538 patients ( placebo , n = 179 ; 600 mg , n = 181 ; 900 mg , n = 178 ) , 471 of whom ( placebo , n = 164 ; 600 mg , n = 158 ; 900 mg , n = 149 ) entered the maintenance phase . percentage seizure reductions were greater in EZG ( RTG ) - treated patients ( 600 mg , 27.9 % , p = 0.007 ; 900 mg , 39.9 % , p < 0.001 ) compared with placebo ( 15.9 % ) . rates were higher in EZG ( RTG ) - treated patients ( 600 mg , 38.6 % , p < 0.001 ; 900 mg , 47.0 % , p < 0.001 ) than with placebo ( 18.9 % ) . discontinuations due to adverse events ( AEs ) were more likely with EZG ( RTG ) than with placebo ( placebo , 8 % ; 600 mg , 17 % , 900 mg , 26 % ) . most commonly reported ( > 10 % ) AEs in the placebo , EZG ( RTG ) 600 mg/d , and EZG ( RTG ) 900 mg/d groups were dizziness ( 7 % , 17 % , 26 % ) , somnolence ( 10 % , 14 % , 26 % ) , headache ( 15 % , 11 % , 17 % ) , and fatigue ( 3 % , 15 % , 17 % ) . this dose-ranging , placebo-controlled trial , adjunctive EZG ( RTG ) was effective and generally well tolerated in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures . study provides Class II evidence that adjunctive EZG/RTG reduces the occurrence of partial-onset seizures ."
3139,Abstract #3139,"purpose of this study was to assess the effect of rocuronium pretreatment on the succinylcholine-induced fasciculations , myalgia and biochemical changes , and to compare it with vecuronium pretreatment . have studied 60 female patients undergoing minor elective surgery , in a prospective double blinded method . groups of 20 patients each was pretreated with either saline ( control group ) , rocuronium 0.05 mg/kg ( rocuronium group ) or vecuronium 0.007 mg/kg ( vecuronium group ) . min after the pretreatment , 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine was injected . twitch responses to electrical stimulation were measured . potassium and creatine kinase were respectively measured 5 min after succinylcholine and 24 h after operation . and myalgia on postoperative day 1 and day 2 were evaluated . incidence of fasciculations was lowest in the rocuronium group , followed by the vecuronium group , and was highest in the control group . incidence of myalgia on postoperative day 1 was lower in the rocuronium and vecuronium groups than the control group . increase of serum creatine kinase was similar among the three groups , but there was no increase in serum potassium concentration in any group . differences of the single twitch responses to electrical stimulation were found between the rocuronium and vecuronium groups . pretreatment was more effective in reducing fasciculations than was vecuronium pretreatment , but both were equally effective in preventing myalgia on postoperative day 1 . difference may reflect the differential activities of rocuronium and vecuronium at the neuromuscular junction . increase of creatine kinase was not attenuated by any regimen ."
3140,Abstract #3140,"Women 's Health Initiative Memory Study ( WHIMS ) previously found increased risk for dementia and no effect on mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) in women treated with conjugated equine estrogens ( CEE ) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) . determine the effects of CEE alone and CEE plus MPA on incidence of probable dementia and MCI in older women . , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trials of CEE ( estrogen-alone trial ) or CEE plus MPA ( estrogen plus progestin trial ) in community-dwelling women aged 65 to 79 years , conducted from June 1995 to July 8 , 2002 ( estrogen plus progestin ; n = 4532 ) , or to February 29 , 2004 ( estrogen-alone ; n = 2947 ) , in 39 of the 40 WHI clinical centers . the estrogen-alone trial , 1 daily tablet containing either 0.625 mg/d of CEE vs matching placebo ; in the estrogen plus progestin trial , 1 daily tablet containing CEE ( 0.625 mg/d ) plus MPA ( 2.5 mg/d ) vs matching placebos . dementia and MCI . the estrogen-alone trial , 47 participants were diagnosed with probable dementia , of whom 28 were assigned to CEE and 19 to placebo ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 1.49 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.83-2 .66 ) . rates for probable dementia in the estrogen-alone trial were statistically similar to those in the estrogen plus progestin trial ( 45 vs 22 per 10 000 person-years for CEE plus MPA vs placebo , respectively ; P = .11 ) . data were pooled per the original WHIMS protocol , the overall HR for probable dementia was 1.76 ( 95 % CI , 1.19-2 .60 ; P = .005 ) . excluding participants with baseline Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores at or below the screening cut point , the HR was 1.77 ( 95 % CI , 0.74-4 .23 ; P = .20 ) in the estrogen-alone trial and 2.19 ( 95 % CI , 1.25-3 .84 ; P = .006 ) in the pooled trials . the estrogen-alone trial , 76 participants were diagnosed with MCI in the CEE group vs 58 in the placebo group ( HR , 1.34 ; 95 % CI , 0.95-1 .89 ) . the combined trial data , the HR was similar ( 1.25 ; 95 % CI , 0.97-1 .60 ) . the estrogen-alone trial , 93 participants receiving CEE were diagnosed with either probable dementia or MCI vs 69 receiving placebo ( HR , 1.38 ; 95 % CI , 1.01-1 .89 ; P = .04 ) . therapy alone did not reduce dementia or MCI incidence and increased the risk for both end points combined . data for estrogen alone and estrogen plus progestin resulted in increased risks for both end points . of hormone therapy to prevent dementia or cognitive decline in women 65 years of age or older is not recommended ."
3141,Abstract #3141,"investigate erythropoietin ( EPO ) production and the erythropoietic potency of recombinant human EPO in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome . , prospective , controlled clinical trial . received either 600 IU/kg intravenous EPO three times weekly ( n = 9 ) or saline ( control , n = 10 ) . levels , circulating soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2 , levels of interleukin-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule , and early peripheral blood cell progenitors . production in the control group remained low . EPO blood levels were associated with increased reticulocyte counts compared with both controls ( p < 0.04 ) and baseline ( p < 0.006 ) . levels of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in the treatment group compared with the controls did not prevent this effect . 6 inhibited reticulocyte production . increased cytokine levels , pharmacologic EPO blood levels were associated with increased reticulocyte counts in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ."
3142,Abstract #3142,"study the associations of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) a , b and c microsatellite markers with 1 ) the clinical disease activity and 2 ) the induction of remissions in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) treated with two treatment strategies . the FIN-RACo ( FINnish Rheumatoid Arthritis Combination therapy ) trial of two years , 195 patients with recent-onset RA were randomly assigned to receive either a combination ( COMBI ) ( sulphasalazine , methotrexate , hydroxychloroquine , and prednisolone ) or a single ( SINGLE ) ( initially sulphasalazine with or without prednisolone ) disease modifying antirheumatic drug ( DMARD ) therapy . a , b and c microsatellite and HLA-DRB1 typings were carried out in 165 ( 79 COMBI ; 86 SINGLE ) study completers . baseline the 28 joint disease activity scores ( DAS28 ) of the patients positive for TNFa2 , a13 or b1 microsatellite markers were significantly higher than in the other patients . the SINGLE patients the DAS28 improved comparably in patients with ( n = 31 ) or without ( n = 53 ) the TNFb1 marker ( NS ) , while the DAS28 of the TNFb1-positive COMBI patients ( n = 22 ) improved significantly more than that of the TNFb1-negative cases ( n = 57 ) ( p = 0.014 ) . 31.8 % ( 7/22 ) and 28.1 % ( 16/57 ) of the COMBI patients with or without TNFb1 allele achieved remission at one year . corresponding figure in SINGLE patients were 0 % ( 0/31 ) and 20.8 % ( 11/53 ) ( p = 0.006 ) . two years the remission frequencies in the TNFb1 + / TNFb1 - patients in the COMBI and SINGLE were 50.0 % / 38.6 % and 9.7 % / 22.6 % , respectively . TNFb1 + RA patients have more active disease but respond more favourably to COMBI treatment than the patients without this microsatellite allele . finding may be of clinical relevance for the choice of DMARDs in early RA ."
3143,Abstract #3143,"study aims to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of long-pulsed dye laser ( LPDL ) and intense pulsed light ( IPL ) in the treatment of facial telangiectasias . used intra-individual , randomized , controlled trial with split-face treatments and single-blind outcome evaluations in this study . patients with symmetrically located facial telangiectasias received a series of three LPDL ( V-beam , 595 nm , Candela Laser Corp. ) and three IPL treatments ( Ellipse Flex , PR and VL2 applicators , Danish Dermatologic Development ) at 6-week intervals . were evaluated 3 months after the final treatment . measures were clinical efficacy ( five-point ordinal scale ) , pain ( 10-point numerical scale ) , adverse effects , patient satisfaction ( 10-point numerical scale ) and preferred treatment . of 40 patients completed the study . but 2 patients obtained a reduction in facial telangiectasias from both IPL and LPDL treatments . treatments were effective with good or excellent response in 30 of 39 patients . LPDL was superior in the overall reduction of telangiectasias by blinded photographic evaluations : Excellent clearance ( 75 % to 100 % vessel clearance ) was found in 18 patients treated with LPDL ( 46 % ) and in 11 patients treated with IPL ( 28 % ) ( P = 0.01 ) . experienced less pain from LPDL [ 4 ( 2-6 ) ] than IPL treatments [ 7 ( 3-9 ) ] ( P < 0.001 ) . adverse effects ( hypo - / hyperpigmentation or scarring ) were seen from any of the treatments . were satisfied with both LPDL [ 8 ( 2-10 ) ] and IPL treatments [ 7 ( 2-10 ) ] ( P = 0.05 ) . patients preferred the LPDL ( 64 % ) , 8 patients preferred IPL ( 21 % ) and 6 patients had no preference ( 15 % ) ( P < 0.001 ) . study was based on two specific types of laser and IPL equipment , which effectively clear telangiectasias ; however , the most beneficial outcome was from the LPDL ."
3144,Abstract #3144,"evaluate the impact of patient notification of impending formulary changes on formulary adherence . pilot program in a large , Midwest-based health insurer utilized a randomized controlled trial research design . list of 30 chronic-use medications that were to change formulary status were selected for the pilot . review of adjudicated pharmacy claims records was performed to identify patients receiving one or more of the formulary change medications on the list . of 112 individual health plans of this large health insurer , all of whom were subject to the same drug formulary , were randomized to either the intervention ( letter ) or control arm . in the intervention arm were sent a targeted communication that described the patient.s formulary change medication ( s ) and provided therapeutic option ( s ) for the formulary change medication ( s ) . claims for patients in both arms were examined at 110 days after the date of the mailing to determine if there was a switch to a formulary alternative . regression modeling was performed to adjust for baseline differences between the arms . total of 7,247 unique formulary change medication regimens were identified ( 3,817 in the control arm and 3,430 in the letter arm ) for 6,518 subjects ( 3,387 in the control arm and 3,131 in the letter arm ) . higher proportion of formulary change medication regimens in the intervention arm were switched to a formulary alternative compared with the control arm ( 19.2 % vs. 12.0 % , P < 0.001 ) . adjustment for baseline differences , regression modeling indicated that subjects in the intervention arm were 1.33 times more likely to switch to a formulary alternative ( P < 0.001 ) . letter-based , formulary change notification program is a pragmatic and effective strategy to increase drug formulary adherence . a program does not restrict access to medications but , rather , provides education and personalized information that may allow patients to participate more actively in their pharmacotherapy decision making ."
3145,Abstract #3145,"evaluate and compare changes in pulmonary mechanics and stress hormone responses between abdominal wall lift ( gasless ) and carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) insufflation laparoscopic surgery during controlled general anesthesia . , randomized clinical study . rooms at a university medical center . ASA physical status I and II female patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of ovarian tumors . were divided into two groups of six each : the abdominal wall lift group and the CO2 pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic group . induction of anesthesia , patients were paralyzed and the trachea was intubated . was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide ( N2O ) in oxygen . the procedure , patients were mechanically ventilated with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute . the laparoscopic procedure , arterial blood gases , acid-base balance , pulmonary mechanics , stress-related hormones , and urine output were measured and recorded . the CO2 pneumoperitoneum group , arterial CO2 tension increased ( p < 0.01 ) , dynamic pulmonary compliance decreased ( p < 0.01 ) , peak inspiratory airway pressure increased ( p < 0.01 ) , and plasma epinephrine ( p < 0.05 ) , norepinephrine ( p < 0.05 ) , dopamine ( p < 0.01 ) , and antidiuretic hormones ( p < 0.05 ) increased significantly during the laparoscopic procedure as compared to the abdominal lift group . hormone and cortisol increased as compared to baseline value in both groups ( p < 0.05 ) . output was significantly less ( p < 0.01 ) in the CO2 pneumoperitoneum group than in the abdominal wall lift group . wall lift laparoscopic surgery is physiologically superior to CO2 pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic surgery as seen during the conditions of this study . wall lift laparoscopic surgery provides normal acid-base balance and a lesser degree of hormonal stress responses , it maintains urine output , and it avoids derangement of pulmonary mechanics ."
3146,Abstract #3146,"investigate whether emotional intelligence ( EI ) developmental training workshops can lead to increases with the Bar-On Emotional Quotient ( EQ-i ) total scores . pilot study with a quasi-randomised controlled design was employed with self-report assessments conducted at baseline and post-intervention following a 7-month training programme . students based at a UK-based medical school participated in the study , and 36 volunteer students were recruited to the control group with 50 students randomly assigned to receive the intervention . total of 34 ( 68 % ) students in the intervention group attended the first intervention training workshop , 17 ( 34 % ) attended the majority of the monthly development sessions and completed the post-intervention assessment . the control group only one participant did not complete the follow-up assessment . intervention group had significantly higher EQ-i change from baseline mean scores than the control group . intervention group mean scores had increased across time , whilst the control group mean scores slightly decreased . EI developmental training workshops had a positive effect on the medical students in the intervention group . research is warranted to determine whether EI can be a useful measure in medical training , and the concept and measurement of EI requires further development ."
3147,Abstract #3147,"ideation is an uncommon symptom than can emerge during antidepressant treatment . biological basis of treatment-emergent suicidal ideation is unknown . markers may shed light on the causes of treatment-emergent suicidal ideation and help identify individuals at high risk who may benefit from closer monitoring , alternative treatments , or specialty care . clinically representative cohort of outpatients with major depressive disorder who enrolled in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression ( STAR * D ) trial were treated with citalopram under a standard protocol for up to 14 weeks . samples from 1,915 participants were genotyped for 768 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 68 candidate genes . and genotype frequencies were compared between the 120 participants who developed treatment-emergent suicidal ideation and those who did not . markers were significantly associated with treatment-emergent suicidal ideation in this sample ( marker rs4825476 , p = 0.0000784 , odds ratio = 1.94 ; permutation p = 0.01 ; marker rs2518224 , p = 0.0000243 , odds ratio = 8.23 ; permutation p = 0.003 ) . markers reside within the genes GRIA3 and GRIK2 , respectively , both of which encode ionotropic glutamate receptors . within GRIK2 and GRIA3 were associated with treatment-emergent suicidal ideation during citalopram therapy . replicated , these findings may shed light on the biological basis of this potentially dangerous adverse event and help identify patients at increased risk ."
3148,Abstract #3148,"impairment is an important contributor to disability . clinical trial evidence exists regarding the impact of physical exercise on cognitive function ( CF ) . report results of a pilot study to provide estimates of the relative impact of physical activity ( PA ) on 1-year changes in cognitive outcomes and to characterize relationships between changes in mobility disability and changes in cognition in older adults at increased risk for disability . persons ( 102 ) at increased risk for disability ( aged 70-89 years ) were randomized to moderate-intensity PA or health education . were administered the Digit Symbol Substitution Test ( DSST ) , Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test ( RAVLT ) , modified Stroop test , and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline and 1 year . differences were not significant but improvements in cognitive scores were associated with improvements in physical function . , the DSST significantly correlated with change in the Short Physical Performance Battery score ( r = .38 , p = .0002 ) , in chair stand score ( r = .26 , p = .012 ) , in balance score ( r = .21 , p = .046 ) , and in 400-m gait speed ( r = .15 , p = .147 ) . recall on the RAVLT and in the Stroop test was also positively correlated with changes in chair stand and balance , respectively . results provide further support for the benefits of exercise on CF in older adults . adequately powered clinical trial of PA involving older adults at increased risk for cognitive disability is needed to expand the indications for prescribing exercise for prevention of decline in brain function ."
3149,Abstract #3149,"trials in patients with acute myocardial infarction have demonstrated that thrombolytic therapy is not associated with an excessive risk of stroke , as compared with conventional treatment . , the incidence of various forms of stroke in patients treated with different thrombolytic and antithrombotic regimens and the associated effect of risk factors for stroke are largely unknown . occurring in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction who were enrolled in either of two large trials were analyzed . patients were randomly assigned to receive streptokinase ( 1.5 million units ) or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( t-PA ) ( 100 mg ) and also randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous heparin or no heparin . percent of the patients also received aspirin . data were available on 20,768 patients . total of 236 ( 1.14 percent ) had strokes in the hospital ; 0.36 percent had hemorrhagic strokes , 0.48 percent ischemic strokes , and 0.30 percent strokes of undefined cause . treated with t-PA had a small but significant excess of stroke as compared with those who received streptokinase ( 1.33 vs. 0.94 percent ; adjusted odds ratio , 1.42 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 1.09 to 1.84 ) . administration of subcutaneous heparin in addition to a thrombolytic agent did not increase the risk of stroke ( risk with heparin , 1.13 percent ; without heparin , 1.14 percent ) . age , a higher Killip class , and the occurrence of anterior infarction significantly increased the risk of stroke , whereas a higher body-mass index or a history of hypertension , diabetes , or smoking did not . with acute myocardial infarction who receive thrombolytic therapy have a small risk of stroke . with t-PA as compared with streptokinase resulted in a small but significant excess of stroke . heparin , given together with t-PA or streptokinase and aspirin , did not result in an increased risk of stroke ."
3150,Abstract #3150,"a community sample of children aged 3 to 4 years with previous infant sleep problems , we aimed to 1 ) establish proportions with recurring , persisting , and resolving sleep problems ; 2 ) identify early predictors of later sleep problems ; and 3 ) identify comorbidities of persistent or recurrent sleep problems at age 3 to 4 years . follow-up community survey was conducted of mothers of children aged 3 to 4 years who had , as 8 - to 10-month-old infants with identified sleep problems , participated in a community-based , randomized , controlled trial of a brief sleep intervention from 3 middle-class local government areas in Melbourne , Australia . sleep problems ( standardized maternal questionnaire ) , maternal well-being ( Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ) , child behavior problems ( Child Behavior Check List for ages 1.5 to 5 years ) , marital satisfaction ( Dyadic Adjustment Scale ) , and family functioning ( General Functioning Scale , McMaster Family Assessment Device ) were measured . percent ( 114 of 156 ) of mothers responded , 36 ( 32 % ) of whom reported a current problem with their child 's sleep . sleep problems were similar regardless of infant sleep intervention . percent ( 14 of 114 ) reported that their child 's sleep problem had persisted , and 19 % ( 21 of 113 ) reported that it had recurred . with current sleep problems were more likely still to be nursed to sleep by an adult and had slightly higher mean scores on Child Behavior Check List subscales for Aggressive Behavior ( 54 vs 52 ) and Somatic Problems ( 55 vs 53 ) . mothers had higher Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores ( median : 8 vs 5 ) and more difficulties with their partner undermining the management of their child . , early depression did not predict current sleep problems . of children with sleep problems were functioning as well as those without sleep problems . or recurrence of infant sleep problems in the preschool years is common and is associated with slightly higher child behavior problems and maternal depression scores . suggest that depressive symptoms are a result rather than cause of sleep problems . this , families of children with sleep problems are functioning well ."
3151,Abstract #3151,"therapy ( PDT ) with methyl aminolaevulinate ( MAL ) is effective for thin actinic keratoses ( AKs ) in field-cancerized skin . fractional laser resurfacing ( AFXL ) creates vertical channels that facilitate MAL uptake and may improve PDT efficacy . evaluate efficacy and safety of AFXL-assisted PDT ( AFXL-PDT ) compared with conventional PDT in field-directed treatment of AK . patients with a total of 212 AKs ( severity grade I-III ) in field-cancerized skin of the face and scalp were randomized to one treatment with PDT and one treatment with AFXL-PDT in two symmetrical areas . curettage of both treatment areas , AFXL was applied to one area using 10 mJ per pulse , 012 mm spot , 5 % density , single pulse ( UltraPulse ( ) , DeepFx handpiece ; Lumenis Inc. , Santa Clara , CA , U.S.A. ) . cream was then applied under occlusion for 3 h and illuminated with red light-emitting diode light at 37 J cm ( -2 ) . photography quantified protoporphyrin IX ( PpIX ) before and after illumination . 3-month follow-up , AFXL-PDT was significantly more effective than PDT for all AK grades . lesion response of grade II-III AK was 88 % after AFXL-PDT compared with 59 % after PDT ( P = 002 ) . grade I AK , 100 % of lesions cleared after AFXL-PDT compared with 80 % after PDT ( P = 004 ) . skin responded with significantly fewer new AK lesions ( AFXL-PDT n = 3 , PDT n = 11 ; P = 004 ) and more improved photoageing ( moderate vs. minor improvement , P = 0007 ) than PDT-treated skin . scores during illumination ( 65 vs. 54 ; P = 002 ) , erythema and crusting were more intense , and long-term pigmentary changes more frequent from AFXL-PDT than PDT ( P = not significant ) . fluorescence was higher in AFXL-pretreated skin [ 7528 vs. 12,816 arbitrary units ( AU ) ; P = 0003 ] and photobleached to equal intensities after illumination ( AFXL-PDT 595 AU , PDT 454 AU ; P = 059 ) . is more effective than conventional PDT for treatment of AK in field-cancerized skin ."
3152,Abstract #3152,"and ezetimibe combination therapy may be insufficient to improve lipid and nonlipid parameters beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) in patients with mixed dyslipidemia . this phase 3 , multicenter , double-blind study , a total of 543 patients with triglycerides 150 mg/dL and < 400 mg/dL , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) < 40 mg/dL ( < 50 mg/dL for women ) , and LDL-C 130 mg/dL were randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with fenofibric acid 135 mg ( FA ) or placebo , each coadministered with atorvastatin 40 mg + ezetimibe 10 mg ( Atorva/Eze ) . treatment regimens lowered LDL-C by > 50 % ; however , FA + Atorva/Eze resulted in significantly ( P < .001 ) greater improvements in HDL-C ( 13.0 % vs 4.2 % ) , triglycerides ( -57.3 % vs -39.7 % ) , non-HDL-C ( -55.6 % vs -51.0 % ) , and apoprotein B ( -49.1 % vs -44.7 % ) compared with Atorva/Eze . , adverse events were similar in the 2 treatment groups . unexpected muscle , hepatic , or renal safety signals were identified with either treatment combination . patients with mixed dyslipidemia , the combination of FA + Atorva/Eze significantly improved lipid and nonlipid parameters compared with Atorva/Eze and was generally well tolerated ."
3153,Abstract #3153,"previously reported in a placebo-controlled study that extended-release niacin slowed the progression of carotid atherosclerosis when added to statin monotherapy . analysis examines the relationship between glycemic status and the effects of niacin on common carotid intima-media thickness ( CIMT ) and HDL cholesterol . , subgroup analysis of ARBITER 2 , a randomized , placebo-controlled trial of once-daily extended-release niacin ( 1000 mg ) added to background statin therapy in 167 patients ( mean age 67 years ) with known coronary heart disease . primary analysis was a comparison of the primary endpoint , the change in CIMT , between participants with either normal glycemic status , diabetes mellitus ( DM ) or the metabolic syndrome ( MS ) . cardiovascular risk variables were significantly worse in those with abnormal glycemic status , particularly among subjects with MS. Niacin increased HDL-C to a similar degree ( approximately 20 % ) across normals , DM and MS. Placebo-treated patients had the greatest CIMT progression , regardless of glycemic status . lowest progression rate was observed in niacin treated patients with normal glycemic status . all niacin treated subjects , there was a significant linear relationship between change in CIMT and change in HDL-C ( r = -0.16 ; p = 0.05 ) , which was of similar magnitude in subgroups with normal glycemic status ( r = -0.23 ; p = 0.08 ) and DM ( r = -0.22 ; p = 0.17 ) . those with MS , there was no relationship between changes in HDL and CIMT , ( r = 0.11 ; p = 0.44 ) , whereas blood glucose was positive correlated to change in CIMT ( r = 0.30 ; p = 0.04 ) . multivariable linear models controlling for MS characteristics and blood glucose changes , only the change in HDL independently predicted change in CIMT . niacin treatment , increases in HDL-C are related to changes in CIMT in the setting of both normal glycemic status and diabetes mellitus ."
3154,Abstract #3154,"generalise from the results of the Grampian region early anistreplase trial ( GREAT ) and to express the benefit of earlier thrombolysis in terms of lives saved per hour of earlier treatment . analysis of a randomised double blind trial . rural practices in Grampian region and teaching hospitals in Aberdeen . patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction and without contraindications to thrombolysis who were seen by their general practitioners within four hours of the start of symptoms . 30 units given intravenously , either by general practitioners before hospitalisation or later in hospital . within 30 months of entry into trial . within 30 months was positively related to age ( P < 0.0001 ) and to delay between start of symptoms and thrombolytic treatment ( P = 0.0004 ) . , the probability of dying rose exponentially with earlier presentation , so death within 30 months was negatively related to the logarithm of the time of randomisation ( P = 0.0163 ) . patients presenting two hours after start of symptoms each hour 's delay in receiving thrombolysis led to the loss of 21 lives per 1000 within 30 days ( 95 % confidence interval 1 to 94 lives per 1000 ) ( P = 0.03 ) and 69 lives per 1000 within 30 months ( 16 to 141 lives per 1000 ) ( P = 0.0004 ) . magnitude of the benefit from earlier thrombolysis is such that giving thrombolytic treatment to patients with acute myocardial infarction should be accorded the same degree of urgency as the treatment of cardiac arrest ."
3155,Abstract #3155,", a key component of the addiction process , has been challenging to model precisely in smoking cessation settings , largely due to the limitations of traditional methodological approaches in measuring behavior over time . , increased availability of intensive longitudinal data ( ILD ) measured through ecological momentary assessment facilitates the novel use of an engineering modeling approach to better understand self-regulation . systems modeling is a mature engineering methodology that can represent smoking cessation as a self-regulation process . article shows how a dynamical systems approach effectively captures the reciprocal relationship between day-to-day changes in craving and smoking . are estimated using ILD from a smoking cessation randomized clinical trial . system of low-order differential equations is presented that models cessation as a self-regulatory process . explains 87.32 % and 89.16 % of the variance observed in craving and smoking levels , respectively , for an active treatment group and 62.25 % and 84.12 % of the variance in a control group . models quantify the initial increase and subsequent gradual decrease in craving occurring postquit as well as the dramatic quit-induced smoking reduction and postquit smoking resumption observed in both groups . the estimated parameters for the group models suggests that active treatment facilitates craving reduction and slows postquit smoking resumption . article illustrates that dynamical systems modeling can effectively leverage ILD in order to understand self-regulation within smoking cessation . models quantify group-level dynamic responses in smoking cessation and can inform the development of more effective interventions in the future ."
3156,Abstract #3156,"compare therapeutic effects of auricular point sticking combined with Tongshiji treatment and simple Tongshiji treatment on child ametropic amblyopia . hundred children of ametropic amblyopia were classified as mild , moderate and severe groups , 100 cases in each group . each group was again randomly divided into a simple Tongshiji treatment ( control group ) and a auricular point sticking combined with Tongshiji treatment group ( observation group ) . therapeutic effects were compared . total effective rate in the observation group were 100.0 % , 79.8 % and 71.0 % , and in the control group were 100.0 % , 54.3 % and 48.2 % respectivety for mild , moderate and severe groups . the mild amblyopia children , there was no significant difference between the two groups in the therapeutic effect ; for the moderate and severe ametropic amblyopia children , the therapeutic effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . point sticking combined with Tongshiji treatment for child ametropic amblyopia is of characteristics of convenient manipulation , obvious and rapid therapeutic effect ."
3157,Abstract #3157,"investigate the effect of enhanced nutritional therapy on wound healing after endoscopic therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices . patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices were randomly divided into an enhanced nutritional therapy group ( n = 25 ) and a control group ( n = 25 ) . enhanced nutritional therapy group received one week of enhanced nutritional supplementation , including liver nutritional elements , prior to routine endoscopic therapy . routine without any change to their diet . rate of transformation and status of wound healing of esophageal varices were compared between the two groups . ratio of ulcers occurring at the injection site was lower in the enhanced nutrition group than in the control group ( 16/25 vs. 23/25 ; x2 = 5.711 , P = 0.017 ) . enhanced nutrition group had only one case of minimal bleeding occurring during endoscopy as compared to the seven cases of bleeding in the control group ( x2 = 5.357 , P = 0.021 ) . average , the enhanced nutrition group required less sessions of endoscopic treatment to achieve eradication of esophageal varices than the control group ( 3.8 vs. 4.1 ; t = 2.069 , P = 0.044 ) . enhanced nutritional therapy may benefit patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices by promoting recovery of procedure-related local tissue injury and occlusion of varices ."
3158,Abstract #3158,"trials comparing coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) with or without extracorporeal circulation have mainly enrolled selected patients at younger age and low risk . health-related quality of life has not been significantly different . compared health-related quality of life in elderly moderate to high-risk patients randomized to either off-pump or on-pump surgery . study is a sub-study of the randomized Best Bypass Surgery Trial that compares off-pump to on-pump treatment , with respect to peri - and postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients with a moderate to high-predicted preoperative risk . randomization and before heart surgery , 120 consecutive patients were asked to fill in the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 ( SF-36 ) and Major Depression Inventory ( MDI ) diagnostic scale for self-report of health-related quality of life . months after surgery , the same questionnaires were mailed to the patients . response rate was 96.5 % . baseline , the groups were comparable except for a difference in educational level . groups improved in all eight SF-36 domains from baseline to 3 months . statistical differences were seen between the groups except for changes in mean difference of role limitation due to emotional problems , which was significantly ( P = .04 ) improved in favour of the on-pump group . scores remained unchanged within and between the two surgical groups . on-pump and off-pump patients improved in health-related quality of life scores after CABG surgery . clinically relevant difference between the groups could be demonstrated ."
3159,Abstract #3159,"evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab ( IVB ) followed by modified grid laser photocoagulation ( MGP ) versus each alone as a primary treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema . randomized 3-arm clinical trial in which 62 eyes of 48 patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema were enrolled . were randomly distributed to 1 of 3 study groups : 19 eyes underwent MGP ( MGP group ) , 21 eyes received 1.25 mg of IVB ( IVB group ) , and 22 eyes received IVB followed by MGP ( combined group ) . eyes underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 1 , 3 , and 6 months , after treatment . angiography was performed at the 3 and 6 months follow up visits . outcome measures were the change compared with baseline in central macular thickness ( CMT ) , changes in best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , changes in fluorescein angiography leakage , and any reported complication . P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant . month after treatment , the reduction in the mean CMT versus baseline was 49.88 m ( 10.45 % ) in MGP group , 150.92 m ( 31.30 % ) in IVB group , and 110.30 m ( 23.77 % ) in the combined group , with a corresponding improvement in the mean BCVA . 1 month , the improvement in CMT was better than baseline in all groups , yet only significant in the IVB group ( P < 0.05 ) and the combined group ( P < 0.05 ) . improvement in mean BCVA was significant in the IVB ( P < 0.05 ) and the combined groups at 1 month ( P < 0.05 ) . 3 months , the mean CMT was still better than baseline in all groups but this improvement was significant only in the combined group ( P < 0.05 ) . improvement in the mean BCVA was significant only in the IVB and the combined groups ( P < 0.05 ) . months after treatment , the reduction in the mean CMT was significant in the combined group only ( P < 0.05 ) and there was no significant improvement in the mean BCVA in all groups ( P > 0.05 ) . BCVA did not deteriorate below baseline in all eyes included in the study , except three eyes in the MGP group . complication related to the intravitreal injection was reported in the injected eyes . therapy with IVB and sequential MGP 3 weeks later appeared to be superior to MGP or IVB alone in reducing macular thickening and improving visual acuity . , no significant improvement in BCVA occurs 6 months after treatment . combination of IVB and sequential MGP could be used as an initial treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema ."
3160,Abstract #3160,"advancements are rapidly propelling the field of genome research forward , while lawmakers attempt to keep apace with the risks these advances bear . normative concerns of maximizing data utility and protecting human subjects , whose privacy is at risk due to the identifiability of DNA data , are central to policy decisions . on genome research participants making real-time data sharing decisions is limited ; yet , these perspectives could provide critical information to ongoing deliberations . conducted a randomized trial of 3 consent types affording varying levels of control over data release decisions . debriefing participants about the randomization process , we invited them to a follow-up interview to assess their attitudes toward genetic research , privacy and data sharing . were more restrictive in their reported data sharing preferences than in their actual data sharing decisions . saw both benefits and risks associated with sharing their genomic data , but risks were seen as less concrete or happening in the future , and were largely outweighed by purported benefits . must respect that participants ' assessment of the risks and benefits of data sharing and their privacy-utility determinations , which are associated with their final data release decisions , vary . order to advance the ethical conduct of genome research , proposed policy changes should carefully consider these stakeholder perspectives ."
3161,Abstract #3161,"explore the hypothesis of pathogenic relationship between urogenital mycoplasma infection and adverse perinatal outcomes . hundred and eighty-eight mycoplasma-positive pregnant women detected by culture method were randomly divided into erythromycine-intervention group and non-intervention group . was made on rate of reverse sero-conversion , of vertical transmission to mycoplasma and adverse perinatal outcomes incidence between groups . urealyticum sero-conversion rate and rate of vertical-transmission in intervention group were significantly lower than in non-intervention group ( P < 0.05 ) . incidences rates of preturm labor , post partum fever , puerperal infection and neonate pneumonia in intervention group were significantly lower than in non-intervention group ( P < 0.05 ) . is effective in control of ureaplasma urealyticum infection among pregnant women through cutting off vertical transmission passway and lowering adverse perinatal outcomes against ureaplasma urealyticum ."
3162,Abstract #3162,"aim of this study was to compare the longitudinal quality of life ( QoL ) between LV5FU2-irinotecan and LV5FU2 alone or LV5FU2-cisplatin in a randomized Phase II trial in patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma . 134 eligible patients , QLQ-C30 scores were collected and described at each 2 monthly follow-up visit during 6 months . frequencies of QLQ-C30 score improvement were calculated and mixed models for repeated measurements were applied with or without extreme poorest imputation for missing scores . `` survival '' until definitive global health score ( GHS ) deterioration was estimated . the 3rd follow-up , patients with a stable or improved global health ranged from 11 % in the LV5FU2-cisplatin arm to 18 % in the LV5FU2-irinotecan arm . irinotecan-based-therapy presented 14 to 15 scores with a better QoL . time until definitive GHS deterioration was globally similar between treatment arms . study highlights a better impact of LV5FU2-irinotecan and the interest of QoL assessment in phase II trials to complement the risk-benefit judgement ."
3163,Abstract #3163,"hydrochloride is an alpha ( 2a ) - adrenoreceptor agonist found to be effective in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . the available immediate-release formulation requires multiple daily dosing and has been associated with rebound hypertension on abrupt cessation , an extended-release ( ER ) formulation has been developed for study of efficacy and tolerability parameters in patients with ADHD . trial was primarily undertaken to determine the effect on blood pressure ( BP ) of abrupt cessation versus taper-down of guanfacine ER . Phase I , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , dose-escalation trial was conducted at MDS Pharma Services , Lincoln , Nebraska . and female healthy young-adult ( aged 19-24 years ) volunteers were included . were randomly assigned to receive guanfacine ER as follows . and taper-down groups both received guanfacine ER at forced titration : 1 mg on days 1 to 4 , 2 mg on days 5 to 8 , 3 mg on days 9 to 12 , and 4 mg on days 13 to 16 . abrupt-cessation group then received placebo daily on days 17 to 32 . taper-down group began the following taper-down schedule : 3 mg on days 17 to 20 , 2 mg on days 21 to 24 , 1 mg on days 25 to 30 , and placebo on days 31 to 32 . was administered daily to the subjects in the placebo group ( days 1-32 ) . doses were given in the morning . was assessed before ( at the 8-hour baseline visit ) , during ( approximately every 4 days and during 48-hour confinements at days 17/18 and 31/32 ) , and 7 days after the study and included assessment of BP and pulse , 12-lead electrocardiography ( ECG ) , and laboratory assays . events ( AEs ) were also tracked every 4 days beginning on day 5 and 7 , 14 , and 30 days poststudy by recording responses and follow-up to a nonleading question about how the patient was feeling that day . subjects were enrolled in the study ( 15 in each group ) , and 35 subjects completed it . mean age of study participants was 22 years , 87 % were white , and the ratio of women to men was 2:1 . were no marked differences between groups regarding age , sex , or race . with the taperdown group , the abrupt-cessation group did not exhibit a clinically significant elevation of systolic BP ( SBP ) or diastolic BP ( DBP ) or other tolerability parameters , including AEs . differences in BP were observed on days 17/18 ( first day of abrupt cessation ) and 31/32 , but the overall means were not statistically different . SBP decreases were -7.55 % ( -8.84 mm Hg ) in the abrupt-cessation group and -8.33 % ( -9.69 mm Hg ) in the taper-down group . DBP decreases were -9.14 % ( -6.17 mm Hg ) in the abrupt-cessation group and -9.94 % ( -6.59 mm Hg ) in the taper-down group . were no statistically significant or clinically important differences in change or percentage change in pulse from baseline to day 31/32 between the taper-down and placebo groups ( least squares mean difference , 2.26 bpm ) . of the subjects experienced bradycardia . clinically important treatment related trends were noted in the clinical laboratory , ECG , or physical examination findings , including vital signs . serious treatment-emergent AEs were reported in this study . , 124 treatment-emergent AEs were reported in 29 ( 64 % ) subjects . AEs were reported in 14 ( 93.3 % ) of 15 subjects in the abrupt-cessation group , 8 ( 53.3 % ) of 15 subjects in the taper-down group , and 7 ( 46.7 % ) of 15 subjects in the placebo group . was the most common AE reported in the abrupt-cessation ( 46.7 % ) and placebo ( 13.3 % ) groups . the taper down group , it was dry mouth ( 26.7 % ) . AEs were classified as mild or moderate . this small study group of healthy , young-adult volunteers , guanfacine ER at doses up to 4 mg/d was abruptly discontinued without significant increases in SBP or DBP or other tolerability parameters , including AEs , compared with taper ."
3164,Abstract #3164,"November 2001 , the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approved drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) ( DrotAA ) for adults who had severe sepsis and a high risk of death . FDA required a study to evaluate the efficacy of DrotAA for adults who had severe sepsis and a low risk of death . randomly assigned adult patients with severe sepsis and a low risk of death ( defined by an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [ APACHE II ] score < 25 or single-organ failure ) to receive an intravenous infusion of placebo or DrotAA ( 24 microg per kilogram of body weight per hour ) for 96 hours in a double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter trial . prospectively defined primary end point was death from any cause and was assessed 28 days after the start of the infusion . mortality within 90 days after the start of the infusion was measured , and safety information was collected . in the trial was terminated early because of a low likelihood of meeting the prospectively defined objective of demonstrating a significant reduction in the 28-day mortality rate with the use of DrotAA . study enrolled 2640 patients and collected data on 2613 ( 1297 in the placebo group and 1316 in the DrotAA group ) at the 28-day follow-up . were no statistically significant differences between the placebo group and the DrotAA group in 28-day mortality ( 17.0 percent in the placebo group vs. 18.5 percent in the DrotAA group ; P = 0.34 ; relative risk , 1.08 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.92 to 1.28 ) or in in-hospital mortality ( 20.5 percent vs. 20.6 percent ; P = 0.98 ; relative risk , 1.00 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.86 to 1.16 ) . rate of serious bleeding was greater in the DrotAA group than in the placebo group during both the infusion ( 2.4 percent vs. 1.2 percent , P = 0.02 ) and the 28-day study period ( 3.9 percent vs. 2.2 percent , P = 0.01 ) . absence of a beneficial treatment effect , coupled with an increased incidence of serious bleeding complications , indicates that DrotAA should not be used in patients with severe sepsis who are at low risk for death , such as those with single-organ failure or an APACHE II score less than 25 ."
3165,Abstract #3165,"cancer vaccines must both drive a strong CTL response and sustain long-term memory T cells capable of rapid recall responses to tumor antigens . sought to characterize the phenotype and function of gp100 peptide-specific memory CD8 + T cells in melanoma patients after primary gp100 ( 209-2M ) immunization and assess the anamnestic response to boosting immunization . flow cytometry analysis of gp100-specific CD8 + T cells was done on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected shortly after the primary vaccine regimen , 12 to 24 months after primary vaccination , and after boosting immunization . anamnestic response was assessed by comparing the frequency of circulating gp100-specific T cells before and after boosting . peptide-induced in vitro functional avidity and proliferation responses and melanoma-stimulated T-cell CD107 mobilization were compared for cells from all three time points for multiple patients . frequency of circulating gp100-specific memory CD8 + T cells was comparable with cytomegalovirus-specific and FLU-specific T cells in the same patients , and the cells exhibited anamnestic proliferation after boosting . phenotypes were not unique , and individual patients exhibited one of two distinct phenotype signatures that were homologous to either cytomegalovirus-specific or FLU-specific memory T cells . memory T cells showed some properties of competent memory T cells , such as heightened in vitro peptide-stimulated proliferation and increase in central memory ( TCM ) differentiation when compared with T-cell responses measured after the primary vaccine regimen . , they did not acquire enhanced functional avidity usually associated with competent memory T-cell maturation . vaccination with class I-restricted melanoma peptides alone can break tolerance to self-tumor antigens , it did not induce fully competent memory CD8 + T cells -- even in disease-free patients . presented suggest other vaccine strategies will be required to induce functionally robust long-term memory T cells ."
3166,Abstract #3166,"study investigated the impact of a low-intensity , healthy-weight intervention among adult volunteers in a low-income , inner-city neighborhood . intervention , which comprised 18 pamphlets mailed to participants ' homes over 8 weeks , focused on increasing awareness of healthy weight ranges , increasing self-acceptance and satisfaction with weight , and improving eating habits , while downplaying dieting and weight loss . were recruited from households randomly selected from residential telephone subscriber lists . 188 volunteers ( 23.0 % of 816 persons contacted ) were randomly assigned to intervention or control status . and behavioral measures were administered by telephone 1 week before and 2 weeks after the intervention . exposure to the pamphlets , intervention subjects were more likely than controls to know how to control their weight . were more satisfied with their weight and less likely to report they were too heavy . reported less high-fat/junk food consumption , more improvements in their eating habits , and more frequent exercise . inexpensive , low-intensity intervention was effective in supporting change processes among volunteers who wanted to learn about weight control , to improve eating habits , and to improve health ."
3167,Abstract #3167,"authors tested the efficacy of individual psychotherapy in the rehabilitation counseling of psychiatrically symptomatic opiate-dependent patients during methadone maintenance treatment in community programs . in three community programs were randomly assigned to 24 weeks of counseling plus supplemental drug counseling or to counseling plus supportive-expressive psychotherapy . were done 1 and 6 months after treatment ended . total of 84 subjects were evaluated at both follow-up points . the study the patients receiving supportive-expressive psychotherapy and those receiving drug counseling had similar proportions of opiate-positive urine samples , but the patients receiving supportive-expressive psychotherapy had fewer cocaine-positive urine samples and required lower doses of methadone . month after the extra therapy ended both groups had made significant gains , but there were no significant differences between groups . 6-month follow-up many of the gains made by the drug counseling patients had diminished , whereas most of the gains made by the patients who received supportive-expressive psychotherapy remained or were still evident ; many significant differences emerged , all favoring supportive-expressive psychotherapy . can be delivered to psychiatrically impaired patients in community methadone programs . counseling is associated with early benefits comparable to those from psychotherapy , but these gains are not sustained . gains associated with psychotherapy persist and in some cases strengthen for at least 6 months after the end of therapy ."
3168,Abstract #3168,"investigate the short-term effects of atrial , atrioventricular , and ventricular pacing on myocardial oxygen consumption , myocardial blood flow , and cardiac efficiency in patients with coronary artery disease . study that started at the end of diagnostic coronary angiography in 13 patients and was performed during atrial , atrioventricular , and ventricular pacing for 5 min , in random order , at 20 beats/min more than the heart rate of the patient 's positive exercise test . Baim thermodilution catheter in the coronary sinus was used to measure myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption and a pacing electrode at the right ventricular apex and a catheter in the pulmonary artery were used to estimate cardiac output . cardiology centre . patients with coronary artery disease ( mean ( SD ) age 53 ( 5 ) years ) . the patients had a positive exercise test and most of them ( 77 % ) had left anterior descending coronary artery disease . ( SD ) cardiac output increased by 0.5 ( 1.6 ) l/min during atrial pacing , increased by 0.1 ( 1 ) l/min during atrioventricular pacing , and decreased by 0.8 ( 1.2 ) l/min during ventricular pacing ( P = 0.01 v atrial pacing , P = 0.03 v atrioventricular pacing ) . pulmonary pressure increased by 6 ( 4 ) mm Hg during atrial pacing , by 8.6 ( 4 ) mm Hg during ventricular pacing ( P = 0.02 v atrial pacing ) , and by 7.5 ( 4.7 ) mm Hg during atrioventricular pacing . in myocardial oxygen consumption and cardiac efficiency during the different pacing modes were similar . , atrioventricular , and ventricular pacing had similar short-term effects on myocardial oxygen consumption , myocardial blood flow , and cardiac efficiency in patients with coronary artery disease . pacing , however , did not increase cardiac output ."
3169,Abstract #3169,"determine the effectiveness of a multicomponent clinical intervention to reduce pain in outpatients with cancer . patients were randomly assigned to receive either a clinical intervention including an information session , the use of a pain diary , and the possibility to contact a physician to adjust the pain medication , or the usual treatment of pain by the staff radiation oncologist . patients reported their average and worst pain levels at baseline and 2 and 3 weeks after the start of the intervention . study groups were similar with respect to their baseline characteristics and pain levels at randomization . 3 weeks , the average and worst pain experienced by patients randomized to the clinical intervention group was significantly inferior to the average pain experienced by patients in the control group ( 2.9 / 10 vs. 4.4 / 10 and 4.2 / 10 vs. 5.5 / 10 , respectively ) . showed that the experimental group patients decreased their pain levels more than the control group patients did over time . intervention including patient education , a pain diary , and defining a procedure for therapeutic adjustments can be effective to improve pain relief in outpatients with cancer ."
3170,Abstract #3170,", nonsurgical therapies for basal joint osteoarthritis , such as thumb spica splinting and intra-articular corticosteroid injections , remain the mainstays for symptomatic treatment . study compares intra-articular hylan , corticosteroid , and placebo injections with regard to pain relief , strength , symptom improvement , and metrics of manual function in a randomized , controlled , double-blinded study . patients with basal joint arthritis were randomized to receive 2 intra-articular hylan injections 1 week apart , 1 placebo injection followed by 1 corticosteroid injection 1 week later , or 2 placebo injections 1 week apart . were evaluated at 2 , 4 , 12 , and 26 weeks and assessed with Visual Analog Scale pain scores , strength measures , difference scores , Disabilities of the Arm , Shoulder , and Hand ( DASH ) scores , and range of motion measurements . groups reported pain relief at 2 weeks . steroid and placebo groups had significantly less pain at week 4 compared with baseline , but this effect disappeared by week 12 . hylan injections continued to provide pain relief at 12 and 26 weeks compared with baseline . were no significant differences in pain between groups at any time . 12 and 26 weeks , the hylan group had improved grip strength compared with baseline , whereas the steroid and placebo groups were weaker . 4 weeks , the steroid group reported in the difference score a greater improvement in symptoms ( 68 % ) compared with the hylan ( 44 % ) and placebo ( 50 % ) groups . at 26 weeks the hylan group reported the largest improvement in symptoms ( 68 % ) , this was not statistically different from the placebo ( 47 % ) and steroid ( 58 % ) groups . were no significant differences in Disabilities of the Arm , Shoulder , and Hand scores or range of motion among the groups . were no complications from any injection . were no statistically significant differences among hylan , steroid , and placebo injections for most of the outcome measures at any of the follow-up time points . , based on the durable relief of pain , improved grip strength , and the long-term improvement in symptoms compared with preinjection values , hylan injections should be considered in the management of basal joint arthritis of the thumb . I."
3171,Abstract #3171,"access in children carries a significant risk of accidental extravasation of IV fluids and medications with the potential for tissue injury . this prospective controlled study we assessed the diagnostic utility of using IV diluted sodium bicarbonate to confirm placement of IV catheters in ventilated children . sodium bicarbonate was created using undiluted standard 8.4 % ( 1 mEq/mL ) sodium bicarbonate mixed in a 1:3 and 1:5 ratio with sterile water to achieve a final diluted concentration of 2.1 % ( 0.25 mEq/mL ) and 1.05 % ( 0.125 mEq/mL ) sodium bicarbonate , respectively . 18 ASA I-II mechanically ventilated children ages 1 to 8 years , the effects of 1 mL/kg of dilute 2.1 % , 1.05 % sodium bicarbonate , or 0.9 % normal saline , injected in a randomized order , were analyzed . children had oxygen saturation , arterial blood pressure , electrocardiograph , and end-tidal carbon dioxide ( ETCO ( 2 ) ) monitoring . addition , venous blood samples were taken before injection and 10 minutes after the final injection for analysis of venous blood pH and electrolytes . children , IV diluted 2.1 % sodium bicarbonate resulted in significantly increased etco ( 2 ) ( mean of 32.8 3.4 mm Hg to 39.0 3.5 mm Hg , P < 0.001 ) , a mean increase of 6.2 mm Hg ( 95 % prediction interval : 4.3 to 8.1 mm Hg ) within 3 breaths . diluted 1.05 % sodium bicarbonate caused a less pronounced but still significant increase in etco ( 2 ) ( 33.4 3.8 mm Hg to 36.3 3.4 mm Hg , P < 0.001 ) , a mean increase of 2.9 mm Hg ( 95 % prediction interval : 1.8 to 4.1 mm Hg ) within 3 breaths . saline did not result in any significant changes , with a mean increase of 0.06 mm Hg ( 95 % prediction interval : -1.3 to 1.4 mm Hg ) . concentrations of sodium bicarbonate were easily differentiated from normal saline injection by blinded anesthesiologists observing the change in etco ( 2 ) values immediately after injection . of pre - and postinjection venous pH , bicarbonate , and sodium levels could not detect clinically significant changes . small but statistically significant increase in venous bicarbonate was noted . injection of 2.1 % sodium bicarbonate in mechanically ventilated ASA I-II children identified intravascular placement and patency of an IV catheter by an increase in the exhaled CO ( 2 ) concentration . injections did not have any clinically significant effects on blood pH , bicarbonate , or sodium concentration ."
3172,Abstract #3172,"develop and evaluate an individualized fluid therapy in the elderly patients with coronary heart disease undergoing gastrointestinal surgery . this prospective study , 60 coronary heart disease patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were included in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2009 to March 2012 . were randomized into the intervention group and the control group with 30 patients in each group . fluid therapy was used during surgery and postoperative period in the ICU , which was determined based on target controlled fluid therapy according to cardiac index , stroke volume , and stroke volume variation . fluid therapy was used in the control group in the intraoperative and postoperative period . two groups were compared in terms of postoperative hemodynamic parameters , total fluid volume , incidence of adverse cardiac events , and recovery of bowel function . with the control group , mean arterial pressure was significantly increased at the commencement of the surgery . cardiac index was significantly elevated during surgery and at the end of the surgery . volume was significantly increased after induction of anesthesia , during the surgery , and at the early stay of ICU period ( all P < 0.05 ) . lactic acid in the intervention group was significantly lower at the end of surgery and during ICU stay than that in the control group ( all P < 0.05 ) . surgery and 24-hour stay in ICU , the total fluid volume , crystal usage , and urine were significantly less , while colloidal fluid use was significantly more in the intervention group as compared to the control group ( all P < 0.05 ) . perioperative adverse cardiac event rate was 36.7 % ( 11/30 ) in the intervention group , lower than 56.7 % ( 17/30 ) in the control group , but the difference was no statistically significance ( P > 0.05 ) . the intervention group , defecation time , time to first flatus , resumption of liquid intake , length of ICU stay and hospital stay were significantly less compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . the elderly patients with coronary arterial disease undergoing gastrointestinal surgery , individualized fluid therapy can effectively decrease adverse cardiac events , improve postoperative gastrointestinal function , and reduce length of hospital stay ."
3173,Abstract #3173,"oxygenase 1 ( HO-1 ) degrades heme and protects against oxidative stress . vitro and animal models suggest that HO-1 is beneficial in several diseases ( e.g. , postoperative ileus , gastroparesis , acute pancreatitis , and colitis ) . , the only drugs ( i.e. , hemin and heme arginate ) which pharmacologically upregulate HO-1 in humans are expensive and can only be administered intravenously . aims were to compare the effects of placebo , aspirin , and simvastatin alone , and with - lipoic acid , on HO-1 protein concentration and activity in humans . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study compared the effects of three oral regimens administered for 7days , i.e. , placebo ; aspirin ( 325mg twice daily ) and simvastatin ( 40mg twice daily ) ; aspirin , simvastatin , and the sodium salt of R - - lipoic acid ( NaRLA , 600mg three times daily ) on markers of HO-1 activation ( i.e. , plasma HO-1 protein concentration and venous monocyte HO-1 protein activity ) in 18 healthy subjects ( 14 females ) . of HO-1 activation were evaluated at baseline , days 2 , and 7 . HO-1 protein concentrations and activity were similar among the three groups . to placebo , aspirin and simvastatin combined , or together with NaRLA did not affect HO-1 protein concentration or activity at 2 or 7days . protein concentrations and activity were correlated on day 7 ( r = 0.75 , p = 0.0004 ) but not at baseline and on day 2 . therapeutic doses , aspirin , simvastatin , and - lipoic acid do not increase plasma HO-1 protein concentration or venous monocyte HO-1 activity in healthy humans ."
3174,Abstract #3174,"provide biomechanics basis for acupuncture improving motor function of stroke patients . randomized controlled trial method , 21 cases were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 10 ) and an acupuncture group ( n = 10 ) . control group was only treated with basic neurology therapies , and acupuncture at Shenshu ( BL 23 ) , Qihaishu ( BL 24 ) , Dachangshu ( BL 25 ) and Pishu ( BL 20 ) etc. were added in the acu-puncture group . treatment for 2 weeks , the scores of Fugl-Meyer ( lower limb part ) and Barthel Index assessment before and after treatment were compared , and the changes of the single-foot supporting phase rate were observed . treatment , the scores of Fugl-Meyer ( lower limb part ) and Barthel Index assessment had no significant difference in the two groups as compared with those before treatment ( P > 0.05 ) , and the single-foot supporting phase rate in acupuncture group had very significant improvement as compared with both those before treatment and those in the control group ( P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 , respectively ) . can increase the single-foot supporting phase rate of stroke patients and the biomechanics assessment is more sensitive than the rehabilitation scale assessment ."
3175,Abstract #3175,"increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases in countries with a so-called western lifestyle may be due to a decrease in exposure to infectious agents in early life . establish the effect of Bacille-Calmette-Guerin ( BCG ) vaccination in 6-week-old high-risk infants in a prospective single-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial on the prevalence of allergic disease at the age of 4 and 18 months . were 121 predominantly Caucasian high-risk newborns , having either a mother , or both a father and at least one sibling with past or present allergic disease . or placebo was administered at the age of 6 weeks , and repeated once when both a post-vaccination scar and a positive TB skin test were absent at the age of 4 months . the age of 18 months , the prevalence of allergic disease was not significantly different between the two groups . trend towards less eczema ( P = 0.07 ) and significantly less use of medication for eczema was shown in the BCG group compared with the placebo group ( P = 0.04 ) . single ( or once repeated ) BCG vaccination in 6-week-old high-risk Caucasian infants was not associated with a 50 % reduction in the prevalence of allergic disease . , there could be a smaller beneficial effect of BCG , especially because a trend towards less eczema and significantly less use of medication for eczema was shown . definite proof , a larger study should be carried out ."
3176,Abstract #3176,"compare the use of a balloon catheter device with the use of a cervical vacuum cup device in performing hysterosalpingography ( HSG ) . , randomized , single-blinded study . infertility center . hundred twenty-nine infertile women undergoing HSG . were randomized to undergo HSG using a cervical vacuum cup ( n = 115 ) or a balloon catheter ( n = 114 ) . was performed according to Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials ( CONSORT ) guidelines . degree of pain experienced during and after the HSG , evaluated using a 100-mm visual analogue scale . length of the procedure , the fluoroscopic time , the volume of contrast used , the difficulty of performing HSG , and the percentage of complications were also evaluated . in the cervical-cup group experienced more pain than those in the balloon catheter group during the contrast injection ( median visual analogue scale pain scores , 13.0 vs. 6.5 ) . placement of the balloon catheter in comparison with the cervical cup was slightly easier to perform , although it required a somewhat longer time . HSG using the cervical cup required less fluoroscopic time ( median , 0.6 vs. 0.8 min ) . balloon catheter appears to be better tolerated than the cervical cup , but the difference is minimal . use of the cervical cup allows shortening of the patient radiation exposure ."
3177,Abstract #3177,"is effective in maintaining sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation but is associated with potentially serious toxic effects . is a new antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically related to amiodarone but developed to reduce the risk of side effects . two identical multicenter , double-blind , randomized trials , one conducted in Europe ( ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00259428 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] ) and one conducted in the United States , Canada , Australia , South Africa , and Argentina ( termed the non-European trial , NCT00259376 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] ) , we evaluated the efficacy of dronedarone , with 828 patients receiving 400 mg of the drug twice daily and 409 patients receiving placebo . was monitored transtelephonically on days 2 , 3 , and 5 ; at 3 , 5 , 7 , and 10 months ; during recurrence of arrhythmia ; and at nine scheduled visits during a 12-month period . primary end point was the time to the first recurrence of atrial fibrillation or flutter . the European trial , the median times to the recurrence of arrhythmia were 41 days in the placebo group and 96 days in the dronedarone group ( P = 0.01 ) . corresponding durations in the non-European trial were 59 and 158 days ( P = 0.002 ) . the recurrence of arrhythmia in the European trial , the mean ( + / - SD ) ventricular rate was 117.5 + / -29.1 beats per minute in the placebo group and 102.3 + / -24.7 beats per minute in the dronedarone group ( P < 0.001 ) ; the corresponding rates in the non-European trial were 116.6 + / -31.9 and 104.6 + / -27.1 beats per minute ( P < 0.001 ) . of pulmonary toxic effects and of thyroid and liver dysfunction were not significantly increased in the dronedarone group . was significantly more effective than placebo in maintaining sinus rhythm and in reducing the ventricular rate during recurrence of arrhythmia ."
3178,Abstract #3178,"interest in the role of functional foods in weight control has focused on plant ingredients capable of interfering with the sympathoadrenal system . investigated whether a green tea extract , by virtue of its high content of caffeine and catechin polyphenols , could increase 24-h energy expenditure ( EE ) and fat oxidation in humans . EE , the respiratory quotient ( RQ ) , and the urinary excretion of nitrogen and catecholamines were measured in a respiratory chamber in 10 healthy men . 3 separate occasions , subjects were randomly assigned among 3 treatments : green tea extract ( 50 mg caffeine and 90 mg epigallocatechin gallate ) , caffeine ( 50 mg ) , and placebo , which they ingested at breakfast , lunch , and dinner . to placebo , treatment with the green tea extract resulted in a significant increase in 24-h EE ( 4 % ; P < 0.01 ) and a significant decrease in 24-h RQ ( from 0.88 to 0.85 ; P < 0.001 ) without any change in urinary nitrogen . urinary norepinephrine excretion was higher during treatment with the green tea extract than with the placebo ( 40 % , P < 0.05 ) . with caffeine in amounts equivalent to those found in the green tea extract had no effect on EE and RQ nor on urinary nitrogen or catecholamines . tea has thermogenic properties and promotes fat oxidation beyond that explained by its caffeine content per se . green tea extract may play a role in the control of body composition via sympathetic activation of thermogenesis , fat oxidation , or both ."
3179,Abstract #3179,"determine the better approach for weaning preterm infants from nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( NCPAP ) with or without transitioning to nasal cannula ( NC ) . is a randomized , open label , controlled trial . infants born at 28 weeks gestation who were clinically stable on NCPAP of 5 cm H ( 2 ) O with FiO ( 2 ) < 0.30 for at least 24 h were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups . no-NC group were kept on NCPAP until they were on FiO ( 2 ) = 0.21 for 24 h , and then were weaned off NCPAP completely without any exposure to NC . they met failing criteria , NCPAP was re-instituted . NC-group was weaned off NCPAP when FiO ( 2 ) was 0.30 to NC ( 2 L/min ) followed by gradual weaning from oxygen . who failed NC were supported back with NCPAP for 24 h before making a second attempt of NC . neonates were enrolled ; 30 in each group . two groups were similar in birthweight , gestational age , sex , antenatal steroids , mode of delivery , use of surfactant and xanthines , and duration of mechanical ventilation . randomization , the no-NC group had fewer days on oxygen [ median ( interquartile range ) : 5 ( 1-8 ) vs 14 ( 7.5-19 .25 ) days , p < 0.001 ] and shorter duration of respiratory support [ 10.5 ( 4-21 ) vs 18 ( 11.5-29 ) days , p = 0.03 ] . were no differences between groups regarding success of weaning from NCPAP . preterm infants from NCPAP to NC is associated with increased exposure to oxygen and longer duration of respiratory support ."
3180,Abstract #3180,"conducted a 6-month , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study to assess safety , tolerability , and efficacy of deferiprone in Friedreich ataxia ( FRDA ) . patients were treated with deferiprone 20 , 40 , or 60mg/kg/day or placebo , divided into 2 daily doses . was the primary objective ; secondary objectives included standardized neurological assessments ( Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale [ FARS ] , International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale [ ICARS ] , 9-Hole Peg Test [ 9HPT ] , Timed 25-Foot Walk , Low-Contrast Letter Acuity ) , general functional status ( Activities of Daily Living ) , and cardiac assessments . was well tolerated at 20mg/kg/day , whereas more adverse events occurred in the 40mg/kg/day than in the placebo group . 60mg/kg/day dose was discontinued due to worsening of ataxia in 2 patients . patient on deferiprone 20mg/kg/day experienced reversible neutropenia , but none developed agranulocytosis . patients receiving 20 or 40mg/kg/day showed a decline in the left ventricular mass index , compared to an increase in the placebo-treated patients . receiving 20mg/kg/day of deferiprone had no significant change in FARS , similar to the placebo-treated patients , whereas those receiving 40mg/kg/day had worsening in FARS and ICARS scores . lack of deterioration in the placebo arm impaired the ability to detect any potential protective effect of deferiprone . , subgroup analyses in patients with less severe disease suggested a benefit of deferiprone 20mg/kg/day on ICARS , FARS , kinetic function , and 9HPT . study demonstrated an acceptable safety profile of deferiprone at 20mg/kg/day for the treatment of patients with FRDA . analyses raise the possibility that , in patients with less severe disease , deferiprone 20mg/kg/day may reduce disease progression , whereas higher doses appear to worsen ataxia ."
3181,Abstract #3181,"prospective randomized investigation was performed to evaluate the effects of wound architecture and suture techniques on postoperative astigmatism after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation . hundred eyes with preexisting with-the-rule astigmatism were randomized into four groups : ( 1 ) sutureless scleral tunnel frown incision , ( 2 ) scleral tunnel frown incision with a horizontal suture , ( 3 ) scleral tunnel frown incision with both a horizontal and a running suture , and ( 4 ) posterior limbal acute beveled cataract incision with a running suture . the incisions were placed in the vertical steep meridian . were analyzed from 128 cases with 1-year follow-up . results revealed that at the 2-month postoperative visit , preexisting astigmatism was significantly reduced in group 1 ( P = .029 ) and significantly increased in groups 3 ( P = .020 ) and 4 ( P = .005 ) . was no significant change in group 2 ( P = .06 ) . the 1-year postoperative visit , there was no significant difference in astigmatism from preoperative levels for all four groups . analysis revealed no significant difference in the mean surgically induced cylinder at 1 year in all four groups . number of eyes with induced against-the-rule astigmatism , however , was significantly higher than the number of eyes with induced with-the-rule astigmatism in all four groups ( P < .01 ) . authors found that sutured wounds placed in the vertical steep meridian may initially increase with-the-rule astigmatism , whereas nonsutured wounds placed in the vertical steep meridian may initially reduce with-the-rule astigmatism . 1 year , however , a mean flattening of the vertical steep meridian was observed in the three groups with sutures as well as in the group without sutures ."
3182,Abstract #3182,"delivery of pharmacologic agents or genes at the site of angioplasty is a promising approach to reduce restenosis . , there are unresolved questions concerning the safety and feasibility of local vascular delivery in clinical practice as well as the efficacy of delivered drug . this end , the safety , feasibility , and efficacy of local delivery of heparin were evaluated in the Heparin Infusion Prior to Stenting ( HIPS ) trial . total of 179 patients were enrolled in this multicenter , randomized , prospective , core laboratory-evaluated trial . were randomly assigned to 5000 U heparin either administered to the coronary artery lumen or infused into the arterial wall immediately after angioplasty and before stent placement . points included procedural events and clinical , angiographic , and intravascular ultrasound events at 6 months . groups were evenly matched . was no difference in the incidence of arterial injury , defined as an increase in arterial dissection , acute closure , or decrease in Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade blood flow in the group receiving local delivery . follow-up there was no difference in the major adverse event rate between intraluminal ( 22.7 % ) and local groups ( 24.7 % ) . was no difference between intraluminal and local therapy in the angiographic in-stent restenosis rate ( 12.5 % , 12.7 % ) or the in-stent volumetric analysis by intravascular ultrasound ( IVUS ) ( 37.19 + / - 20.86 mm ( 3 ) vs 43.79 + / - 25.52 mm ( 3 ) ) . delivery of 5000 U heparin into the arterial wall before stent implantation is safe and feasible . was not a favorable effect of locally delivered heparin on clinical , angiographic , or IVUS end points of restenosis . use of IVUS to measure volume of intimal hyperplasia in a multicenter , core laboratory-controlled trial is feasible ."
3183,Abstract #3183,"the PARAMOUNT ( `` A Phase 3 , Double-Blind , Placebo-Controlled Study of Maintenance Pemetrexed plus Best Supportive Care vs. Best Supportive Care Immediately Following Induction Treatment with Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin for Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer '' ) trial , patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer ( NS-NSCLC ) benefited from pemetrexed maintenance therapy after induction therapy with pemetrexed and cisplatin by extending survival , delaying disease progression , and maintaining quality of life ( QoL ) . , low-grade 1 or 2 toxicities during long-term maintenance treatment may become burdensome and impact QoL . in this double-blind study ( n = 539 ) , who had completed 4 induction cycles ( pemetrexed with cisplatin ) without progressive disease ( PD ) and had an ECOG performance status of 0/1 , were randomized 2:1 to pemetrexed maintenance ( 500 mg/m ( 2 ) , day 1 ) plus best supportive care ( BSC ) or placebo plus BSC until PD . events ( by maximum Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [ CTCAE ] grade ) and QoL ( EuroQol 5-dimensional [ EQ-5D ] scale ) were assessed . median of 4 maintenance cycles was administered ( range , pemetrexed 1-44 ; mean SD 7.9 8.3 ; placebo 1-38 ; mean SD 5.0 5.2 ) , with 28 % of pemetrexed and 12 % of placebo patients receiving 10 maintenance cycles . pemetrexed dose intensity was 94 % . patients receiving pemetrexed ( 12 % ) than placebo discontinued because of possible drug-related CTCAEs ( 4 % ; P = .005 ) . , pemetrexed was associated with significantly more ( P < .05 ) low-grade events ( grade 1/2 nausea , grade 2 anemia , edema , and neutropenia ) than placebo . , the incidence of low-grade fatigue , anemia , and neutropenia decreased with long-term pemetrexed exposure ; however , renal events increased across treatment arms . analyses demonstrated no treatment-by-time interaction or overall treatment differences between the 2 arms . demonstrated a low incidence of low-grade toxicities with long-term pemetrexed exposure without compromising QoL in patients with NS-NSCLC ."
3184,Abstract #3184,"aim was to test whether or not zirconia abutments exhibit the same survival and technical/biological outcome as titanium abutments . patients receiving 40 single-tooth implants in canine and posterior regions were included . implant sites were randomly assigned to 20 zirconia and 20 titanium abutments . and metal-ceramic crowns were fabricated . baseline , 6 , 12 and 36 months , the reconstructions were examined for technical and biological problems . pocket depth ( PPD ) , plaque control record ( PCR ) and bleeding on probing ( BOP ) were assessed at abutments ( test ) and analogous contralateral teeth ( control ) . radiographs of the implants were made and the bone level ( BL ) was measured referring to the implant shoulder on mesial ( mBL ) and distal sides ( dBL ) . difference of color ( DeltaE ) of the peri-implant mucosa and the gingiva of control teeth was assessed with a spectrophotometer . data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney Rank and Student 's unpaired t-tests . patients with 18 zirconia and 10 titanium abutments were examined at a mean follow-up of 36 months ( range 31.5-53 .3 months ) . fracture of an abutment or loss of a reconstruction was found . , both exhibited 100 % survival . two metal-ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments chipping of the veneering ceramic occurred . difference of the biological outcome of zirconia and titanium abutments was observed : PPD ( meanPPD ( ZrO ( 2 ) ) 3.2 + / - 1 mm , mPPD ( Ti ) 3.4 + / - 0.5 mm ) , PCR ( mPCR ( ZrO ( 2 ) ) 0.1 + / - 0.2 , mPCR ( Ti ) 0.1 + / - 0.2 ) and BOP ( mBOP ( ZrO ( 2 ) ) 0.4 + / - 0.4 , mBOP ( Ti ) 0.2 + / - 0.3 ) . , the BL was similar at implants supporting zirconia and titanium abutments ( mBL ( ZrO ( 2 ) ) 1.7 + / - 1 , dBL ( ZrO ( 2 ) ) 1.6 + / - 1 ; mBL ( Ti ) 2 + / - 1 , dBL ( Ti ) 2.1 + / - 1 ) . , zirconia and titanium abutments induced a similar amount of discoloration of the mucosa compared with the gingiva at natural teeth ( DeltaE ( ZrO ( 2 ) ) 9.3 + / - 3.8 , DeltaE ( Ti ) 6.8 + / - 3.8 ) . 3 years , zirconia and titanium abutments exhibited same survival and technical , biological and esthetical outcomes ."
3185,Abstract #3185,"bladder cancer accounts for 60 % - 70 % of all bladder cancer cases in China , when treatment consists of only transurethral resection of the bladder tumor ( TUR-BT ) , recurrence and progresses in the bladder are observed in some patients . are numerous reports of trials of intravesical instillation of anticancer agents with the objective of lowering this recurrence rate . aim of this study was to compare the prophylactic efficacy and safety of epirubicin ( EPI ) , pirarubicin ( THP ) and hydroxycamptothecin ( HCPT ) in superficial bladder cancer . study enrolled a total of 189 patients who had been diagnosed with superficial bladder cancer during the period from 2004 through 2007 at Beijing Friendship Hospital . patients were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups . in group A received 29 doses of EPI 30 mg/30 ml , patients in group B received 29 doses of THP 30 mg/30 ml , and patients in group C received 29 doses of HCPT 30 mg/30 ml , over a period of 24 months . recurrence-free rate in the 2 anthracycline treatment groups ( A and B ) were significantly better than that of the HCPT treatment group . the safety evaluation , the incidences of pollakiuria , pain on urination , dysuria , hematuria , and contracted bladder were not significantly different between groups A and B , but some were significantly higher in groups A and B than that in group C. efficacy of EPI and THP was significantly better than HCPT in the prevention of bladder cancer recurrence ."
3186,Abstract #3186,"use of alcohol , tobacco , and other drugs threatens the physical and mental well-being of students and continued use negatively affects many areas of development . internet-based , tailored intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change was delivered to middle school students to reduce alcohol , tobacco , and other drug use . internet-based approach requires very little faculty and staff time , which is efficient given curricular demands . middle schools in the United States were matched and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control conditions ( N = 1590 students who had ever used substances ) . received one pre-test assessment , three thirty-minute intervention sessions over three months , and two post-test assessments ( 3 and 14 months after pre-test , respectively ) . effects logistic models showed significant treatment effects for the intervention group when compared to the control group at the 3-month post-test . program has the potential to be applied as stand-alone practice or as part of more intensive interventions to promote substance use cessation ."
3187,Abstract #3187,"stent restenosis and late thrombosis still occur even with drug-eluting-stents ( DES ) , there remains a need to explore other strategies for preventing restenosis . hundred and twenty-one patients were randomized : 260 to cutting-balloon angioplasty ( CBA ) before bare-metal stent ( CBA-BMS ) and 261 to balloon-angioplasty ( BA ) before BMS ( BA-BMS ) . ultrasound ( IVUS ) - guided procedures were performed in 279 ( 54 % ) patients and angiographic guidance was used in the remainder . lumen diameter was significantly greater in CBA-BMS than BA-BMS ( 2.65 + / -0.40 mm vs 2.52 + / -0.4 mm , p < 0.01 ) and % diameter stenosis ( % DS ) - post was less in CBA-BMS than BA-BMS ( 14.0 + / -5.9 % vs 16.3 + / -6.8 % , p < 0.01 ) . DS-follow-up was subsequently less in CBA-BMS than BA-BMS ( 32.4 + / -15.1 % vs 35.4 + / -15.3 % , p < 0.05 ) associated with lower rates of restenosis in CBA-BMS than BA-BMS ( 11.8 % vs 19.6 % , p < 0.05 ) and less target lesion revascularization ( TLR ) in CBA-BMS than BA-BMS ( 9.6 % vs 15.3 % , p < 0.05 ) . were divided into 4 groups based on the device used before stenting and IVUS use ( IVUS-CBA-BMS : 137 patients ; Angio-CBA-BMS : 123 ; IVUS-BA-BMS : 142 ; and Angio-BA-BMS : 119 ) . follow-up IVUS-CBA-BMS had a significantly lower restenosis rate ( 6.6 % ) than Angio-CBA-BMS ( 17.9 % ) , IVUS-BA-BMS ( 19.8 % ) and Angio-BA-BMS ( 18.2 % , p < 0.05 ) . and TLR were significantly lower in CBA-BMS than BA-BMS . favorable outcome was achieved because of the lower restenosis rate conferred by the IVUS-guided-CBA-BMS strategy ( 6.6 % ) . restenosis rates obtained with this strategy were comparable to those achieved with DES ."
3188,Abstract #3188,"has been found to be effective in multi-resistant patients after various treatment cycles for Helicobacter pylori ( HP ) infection , but it has not been analysed as a second-line treatment . , we seek to compare the effectiveness of a treatment regimen including rifabutin versus conventional quadruple therapy ( QT ) . clinical trial , randomised and multi-centre , of two treatment protocols : A ) Conventional regime - QT - ( omeprazole 20 mg bid , bismuth citrate 120 mg qid , tetracycline 500 mg qid and metronidazole 500 mg tid ) ; B ) Experimental one - OAR - ( omeprazole 20 mg bid , amoxicillin 1 gr bid , and rifabutin 150 mg bid ) , both taken orally for 7 days , in patients with HP infection for whom first-line treatment had failed . was determined by Urea Breath Test ( UBT ) . was determined by the adverse events . patients were randomised , QT , n = 54 ; OAR , n = 45 . two groups were homogeneous . 8 cases , treatment was suspended ( 6 in QT and 2 in OAR ) . eradication achieved , analysed by ITT , was for QT , 38 cases ( 70.4 % ) , and for OAR , 20 cases ( 44.4 % ) ; p = 0.009 , OR = 1.58 . the cases analysed PP , QT were 77.1 % ; OAR , 46.5 % ; p = 0.002 . effects were described in 64 % of the QT patients and in 44 % of the OAR patients ( p = 0.04 ) . 7-day rifabutin-based triple therapy associated to amoxicillin and omeprazole at standard dose was not found to be effective as a second-line rescue therapy . problem with quadruple therapy lies in the adverse side effects it provokes . believe the search should continue for alternatives that are more comfortably administered and that are at least as effective , but with fewer adverse side effects . Controlled Trials ISRCTN81058036 ."
3189,Abstract #3189,"evaluate the effectiveness and safety of postoperative low single-dose of beta-irradiation ( - RT ) in pterygium comparing conjunctival autograft ( CAG ) surgery with CAG plus adjuvant - RT in a randomized clinical trial . trial was designed as a prospective , randomized , single-center study . was performed in all cases according to the CAG technique . hundred and eight pterygia were postoperatively randomized to CAG + - RT or CAG alone . the case of - RT , a ( 90 ) Sr eye applicator was used to deliver 10 Gy to the sclera surface at a dose rate of between 200 and 250 cGy/min . treatment , both an ophthalmologist and a radiation oncologist performed the follow-up examinations . accumulated data were analyzed using a group sequential test . February 2008 and September 2008 , 116 eyes with primary pterygium were operated on according to the trial protocol . treatment was performed within 24 h postoperatively . patients were lost to follow-up , resulting in 108 patients who could be analyzed . a mean follow-up of 18 months ( range , 8-33 ) , in the 54 eyes randomized to receive CAG + - RT , 5 relapses occurred compared with 12 recurrences in the 54 eyes in CAG , for a crude control rate of 90.8 % vs. 78 % ; p = 0.032 , respectively . treatment complications as hyperemia , total dehiscence of the autograft and dellen were significantly more frequent in the CAG ( p < 0.05 ) . arm of - RT resulted in better cosmetic results and improves of symptoms than CAG . low single-dose of - RT of 10 Gy after CAG surgery was a simple , effective , and safe treatment that reduced the risk of primary pterygium recurrence , improved symptoms after surgery , resulting in a better cosmetic effect than only CAG ."
3190,Abstract #3190,"like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) receptor agonist treatment may improve endothelial function via direct and indirect mechanisms . compared the acute and chronic effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide vs. metformin on endothelial function in patients with obesity and pre-diabetes . performed a randomized , open-label , clinical trial in 50 non-diabetic individuals ( mean age 58.5 10.0 ; 38 females ) with abdominal obesity and either impaired fasting glucose , elevated HbA1c , or impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) who were randomized to receive 3-months of exenatide or metformin . endothelial function , assessed by digital reactive hyperemia ( reactive hyperemic index : RHI ) , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , circulating oxidized LDL ( oxLDL ) , and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ) were measured at baseline and 3-months . subjects with IGT participated in a sub-study comparing the effects of pre-administration of exenatide and metformin on postprandial endothelial function . were no differences for the change in RHI ( exenatide : 0.01 0.68 vs. metformin : -0.17 0.72 , P = 0.348 ) , CRP , oxLDL , or VCAM-1 between exenatide and metformin treatment . were reduced more with exenatide compared to metformin ( exenatide : -25.5 45.7 mg/dL vs. metformin : -2.9 22.8 mg/dL , P = 0.032 ) . the sub-study , there was no difference in postprandial RHI between exenatide and metformin . months of exenatide therapy had similar effects on microvascular endothelial function , markers of inflammation , oxidative stress , and vascular activation , as metformin , in patients with obesity and pre-diabetes . study is registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT00546728 ."
3191,Abstract #3191,"compare the efficacy and safety of five days apostrophe therapy of mebendazole ( MBZ ) versus quinacrine ( QC ) on human giardiasis in children . clinical trial was carried out in paediatric patients ( aged 5-15 years ) with confirmed symptomatic G. duodenalis mono-infection . were randomly assigned to receive either MBZ [ 200 mg taken three times per day ( TID ) ( n = 61 ) ] or QC [ 2 mg/kg bodyweight tid ( n = 61 ) ] , both for five days . faecal samples were obtained at 3 , 5 and 7 d after the end of the treatment . the frequency of cure was higher for QC ( 83.6 % ) than for MBZ ( 78.7 % ) , the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ) . events were reported more in the QC group ( P < 0.05 ) , all of them transient and self-limiting . final cure rates ocurring lower than expected , the overall results of this study reconfirmed the efficacy of MBZ in giardiasis and also indicate that , although comparable to QC , at least in this setting the 5 d course of MBZ did not appear to improve the cure rates in this intestinal parasitic infection ."
3192,Abstract #3192,"test the effects of music therapy on relaxation and anxiety reduction for patients receiving ventilatory assistance . , pretest-posttest experimental design with repeated measures . randomized to either a 30-minute music condition or a rest period . urban midwestern intensive care units . alert , nonsedated patients receiving mechanical ventilation . anxiety ( pretest and posttest ) , heart rate , and respiratory rate obtained every 5 minutes for 30 minutes . who received music therapy reported significantly less anxiety posttest ( 10.1 ) than those subjects in the control group ( 16.2 ) . rate and respiratory rate decreased over time for those subjects in the music group as compared with the control group subjects . single music therapy session was found to be effective for decreasing anxiety and promoting relaxation , as indicated by decreases in heart rate and respiratory rate over the intervention period with this sample of patients receiving ventilatory assistance ."
3193,Abstract #3193,"variety of photorejuvenative techniques have been utilized to reverse the signs of cutaneous photoaging , including ablative and nonablative laser resurfacing as well as light-based devices . purpose of this split-face randomized prospective open-label trial was to determine the effectiveness of sequential erbium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet ( Er : YAG ) laser versus intense pulsed light ( IPL ) for the treatment of mild to moderate facial photodamage . subjects ( ages 35-63 ) with facial dyschromia and rhytides were enrolled . patients were randomized to the two treatment arms , Er : YAG ( 3.8 J/cm ( 2 ) , 30 % pattern overlap , 0 % interpulse overlap , 15 microm per pass with no coagulation ) and IPL ( 560-nm filter , 30 J/cm ( 2 ) , 2.4 / 4.0-ms pulse with 10-ms delay ) , each receiving three sequential treatments spaced 1 month apart . and blinded physician evaluations were performed at baseline and 4 , 8 , and 20 weeks posttreatment using a nominal scale from 1 to 4 . and adverse events were assessed 1 week following each treatment . female subjects with mild to moderate facial photodamage were treated with one pass of either IPL or Er : YAG in a split-face fashion . received three treatments each spaced 1 month apart . of 10 patients completed the trial ; 1 withdrew due to pain during the second Er : YAG treatment . subjective and blinded physician dyschromia and rhytid scores revealed no significant difference between the IPL and Er : YAG randomly assigned sides . to three IPL or Er : YAG treatments did not result in a significant improvement in rhytid scores . and blinded physician dyschromia scores improved 26 and 38 % , respectively , 3 months after the final IPL treatment , but only by 7 and 29 % , respectively , with Er : YAG . global facial appearance scores worsened by 5 % while blinded physician scores improved by 16 % 3 months after 3 Er : YAG treatments , but by 28 and 20 % for IPL , respectively . overall incidence of adverse events and subsequent downtime was increased for Er : YAG ( 1/10 patients experienced hyperpigmentation , 3/10 exfoliation , 1/10 blistering , and 5/10 discomfort ) compared to IPL ( 1/10 exfoliation and 1/10 discomfort ) , although no permanent side effects were observed with either treatment arm . low-fluence erbium resurfacing has a modest effect on facial photodamage , patients preferred IPL because it resulted in less downtime . authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters ."
3194,Abstract #3194,"evaluate the effectiveness of subcostal TAP block and to compare its efficacy with that of posterior TAP block in decreasing postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy during general anesthesia . , randomized , double-blind study . medical center . adult , ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients of both genders , aged 18-60 years , scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy . were randomized to three groups of 20 patients each . 1 patients received standard general anesthesia ( control group ) ; Group 2 patients received an ultrasound-guided posterior TAP block using 15 mL of 0.375 % ropivacaine on each side ; and Group 3 patients underwent a subcostal TAP block with 15 mL of 0.375 % ropivacaine on each side . presence and severity of pain during rest and movement , as well as nausea or vomiting and sedation , were assessed in all patients postoperatively on PACU admission , then at 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 12 , and 24-hour intervals . with a visual analog score ( VAS ) greater than 4 , or those requesting analgesic were given intravenous tramadol 2 mg/kg as an initial dose ; subsequent 1 mg/kg doses of tramadol , if needed , were given . who received a subcostal TAP block had significantly lower pain scores at rest and on movement than the control group at all times postoperatively . , in the initial postoperative measurement times , the subcostal and posterior TAP groups had comparable pain scores , after 4 hours these scores were significantly lower in patients who had received the subcostal TAP block . incisions mainly involving the supra-umbilical region , subcostal TAP block may be a better alternative than the posterior approach for providing postoperative analgesia ."
3195,Abstract #3195,"evaluate patients without prior pulmonary disease after cardiac surgery and to determine whether resistive unloading by automatic tube compensation , pressure support ventilation , and continuous positive airway pressure has different effects on oxygen consumption , breathing pattern , gas exchange , and hemodynamics . , randomized , controlled study . care , postoperative intensive care unit . patients scheduled for open heart coronary artery bypass graft surgery . patient was ventilated with all three modes in random order . were ventilated in three modes , each applied for 30 mins according to computer-generated randomization : pressure support ventilation with 5 cm H2O , continuous positive airway pressure , and automatic tube compensation . consumption was calculated by means of indirect calorimetry . hypnotic state of the patients was monitored by Bispectral Index . hemodynamic measurements , a fiberoptic pulmonary artery catheter was inserted . main finding of our study was that oxygen consumption and breathing pattern ( tidal volume and respiratory rate ) did not differ significantly during automatic tube compensation and pressure support ventilation compared with continuous positive airway pressure ( oxygen consumption , 170 + / - 29 vs. 170 + / - 26 vs. 174 + / - 29 mL.min.m , respectively ; tidal volume , 466 + / - 132 vs. 484 + / - 125 vs. 470 + / - 119 mL , respectively ; respiratory rate , 16 + / - 4 vs. 15 + / - 4 vs. 16 + / - 4 breaths/min , respectively ) . tube compensation and pressure support ventilation had no clinical effects on gas exchange and hemodynamic variables compared with continuous positive airway pressure . of the variables differed significantly during the three ventilatory settings . postoperative tracheally intubated patients with normal ventilatory demand , automatic tube compensation and pressure support ventilation with 5 cm H2O lead to identical oxygen consumption , breathing patterns , gas exchange , and hemodynamics . , therefore , suggest that this group of patients does not need any additional positive pressure support from the ventilator to overcome the additional work of breathing imposed by the endotracheal tube during the weaning phase from mechanical ventilation ."
3196,Abstract #3196,"investigate quality of life ( QOL ) and the effect of memantine treatment in patients with Lewy body dementias . secondary analysis of a randomized controlled study in 70 patients with Parkinson 's disease dementia ( PDD ) or dementia with Lewy bodies ( DLB ) over 24 weeks using caregiver-rated QOL-Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) in domains according to the WHO 's classification of health . QOL shows lower ratings for body functions over environmental factors in DLB/PDD . with memantine significantly improves life as a whole compared to placebo and improves total QOL , body function and structure . study shows that memantine improves QOL in Lewy body dementias . also demonstrate important QOL patterns which can be used in clinical practice ."
3197,Abstract #3197,"investigated the acute and chronic combined effect of cigarette smoking and caffeine intake on aortic stiffness and wave reflections . have shown that smoking and caffeine separately increase arterial stiffness . stiffness and wave reflections are important determinants of the efficient performance of the cardiovascular system and prognosticators of cardiovascular risk . acute effects of smoking ( one cigarette ) , caffeine ( 200 mg , equivalent to 2 cups of coffee ) , and smoking plus caffeine were studied in 24 healthy subjects according to a randomized , placebo - and sham procedure-controlled crossover design . chronic effect of smoking and caffeine was studied in a population study that enrolled 160 healthy subjects . study : there was a significant interaction between caffeine and smoking with regard to pulse-wave velocity ( p < 0.01 ) and augmentation index ( p < 0.05 ) . smoking followed caffeine intake , pulse-wave velocity and augmentation index increased further by 0.52 m/s and 13.4 % , respectively , reaching a total of 0.85 m/s and 17.4 % , 0.17 m/s and 9.2 % in excess of the mere sum of caffeine effect ( 0.33 m/s and 4 % ) alone and smoking effect alone ( 0.35 m/s and 4.2 % ) . study : there was a significant interaction of chronic coffee consumption and smoking regarding pulse-wave velocity ( p < 0.05 ) and augmentation index ( p = 0.001 ) . present study shows , for the first time , that when smoking and caffeine intake are combined , they interact and exert a synergistic , unfavorable effect on aortic stiffness and wave reflections on both an acute and chronic basis ."
3198,Abstract #3198,"benefits of high serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] are unclear . are needed to establish an appropriate evidence base . plan to conduct a large-scale trial of vitamin D supplementation for the reduction of cancer incidence and overall mortality and report here the methods and results of a pilot trial established to inform its design . D-Health was a randomized trial carried out in a general community setting with 12 months intervention and follow-up . were 60 - to 84-yr-old residents of one of the four eastern Australian states who did not have any vitamin D-related disorders and who were not taking more than 400 IU supplementary vitamin D per day . total of 644 participants were randomized , and 615 completed the study ( two persons withdrew because of nonserious adverse events ) . interventions were monthly doses of placebo or 30,000 or 60,000 IU vitamin D ( 3 ) . main outcomes were the recruitment rate and changes in serum 25 ( OH ) D. percent of those approached were recruited . baseline , the mean 25 ( OH ) D was 42 nmol/liter in all three study arms . mean change in 25 ( OH ) D in the placebo group was 0.12 nmol/liter , compared with changes of 22 and 36 nmol/liter in the 30,000 - and 60,000-IU groups , respectively . D-Health pilot has shown that a large trial is feasible in Australia and that a dose of 2000 IU/d will be needed to ensure that a large proportion of the population reaches the target serum 25 ( OH ) D level ."
3199,Abstract #3199,"authors studied whether metoclopramide decreases the incidence of emesis after spinal anesthesia supplemented with subarachnoid morphine . underwent total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia using tetracaine with norepinephrine and morphine 0.2 mg . patients were included in the study conducted with a paired design , using sequential analysis . were allocated randomly and double-blinded to the treatment with metoclopramide or to the control group . one group , metoclopramide 20 mg intramuscularly was given before and after surgery ; patients in the control group were given equal volumes of saline . presence of emesis for 5 hours postoperatively was recorded . the postoperative period , emesis was noted in 58 % of control patients but in only 17 % of patients given metoclopramide ( P < .05 ) . data suggest that metoclopramide is effective against postoperative emesis after spinal anesthesia supplemented with subarachnoid morphine ."
3200,Abstract #3200,"pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( Nt-proBNP ) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hsCRP ) are cardiovascular risk markers in various populations , but are not well examined in hypertension . , we wanted to investigate whether high Nt-proBNP or hsCRP predicted the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death , non-fatal stroke or non-fatal myocardial infarction independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and the urine albumin : creatinine ratio ( UACR ) , which is a well established cardiovascular risk factor in hypertension . 945 hypertensive patients from the LIFE study with electrocardiographic left ventricular ( LV ) hypertrophy , we measured traditional cardiovascular risk factors including electrocardiography , morning UACR , hsCRP by immunoturbidimetry assay and Nt-proBNP by immunoassay after 2 weeks of placebo treatment . 55 months ' follow-up 80 patients suffered a composite endpoint . as well as Nt-proBNP above the median values of 3.0 mg/l and 170 pg/ml , respectively , was associated with a higher incidence of composite endpoint ( 13.1 versus 3.8 % , P < 0.01 , and 11.5 versus 5.4 % , P < 0.01 ) . Cox regression analyses , standardized log ( hsCRP ) / SD predicted a composite endpoint [ hazard ratio ( HR ) 1.3 per SD = 0.47 log ( mg/l ) , P < 0.05 ] after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors , but not after further adjustment for UACR . log ( Nt-proBNP ) / SD predicted a composite endpoint after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors [ HR 1.9 per SD = 0.49 log ( pg/ml ) , P < 0.05 ] as well as after further adjustment for UACR [ HR 1.5 per SD = 0.49 log ( pg/ml ) , P < 0.01 ] . ( Nt-proBNP ) added significantly to the Cox regression models using traditional cardiovascular risk factors with and without UACR ( both P < 0.001 ) . predicted a composite endpoint after adjustment for traditional risk factors , UACR and a history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease and added significantly to the prediction of composite endpoint , whereas hsCRP did not ."
3201,Abstract #3201,"assess the reduction in estimated cardiovascular disease ( e-CVD ) risk after multifactorial treatment for 6 months and follow this change during the next 3-years . prospective , randomized , target driven study included 1,123 subjects ( 512/611 men/women , aged 45-65 years ) with metabolic syndrome ( MetS ) without diabetes or CVD referred to specialist outpatient clinics . were randomized to two treatment groups : group A with low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) target of < 100 mg/dl and group B with a target of < 130 mg/dl . was used in both groups on top of optimal multifactorial treatment , ( quinapril , amlodipine , hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension , metformin for impaired fasting glucose , and orlistat for obesity ) . e-CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham , the PROCAM and Reynold 's equations . in e-CVD risk at 6 months were > 50 % in all patients , but were superior in group A and in women . were even greater during the next 3-years and were mainly attributed to changes in lipid profile . CVD events were 1 in group A and 13 in group B ; p = 0.0012 . the treatment target of LDL-C < 100 mg/dl within multifactorial treatment of MetS by expert clinics , is achievable and beneficial even in patients without diabetes or known CVD . induces a considerable e-CVD risk reduction in MetS patients . CVD events were negligible , suggesting that e-CVD risk overestimates actual CVD risk in MetS , at least in patients achieving LDL-C < 100 mg/dl [ ClinicalTrials.gov ID : NCT00416741 ] ."
3202,Abstract #3202,"authors compare open and laparoscopic appendectomy in a randomized fashion with regard to length of operation , complications , hospital stay , and recovery time . patients ( older than 14 years of age ) with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis were randomized to either open or laparoscopic appendectomy over a 9-month period . patients received preoperative antibiotics . operative time was calculated as beginning with the incision and ending when the wound was fully closed . that were converted from laparoscopic to open appendectomy were considered a separate group . to normal activity and work were determined by questioning during postoperative clinic , telephone , or mailed questionnaire . was a total of 169 patients randomized , 88 to the open and 81 to the laparoscopic group . groups were similar demographically . the 81 laparoscopic patients , 13 ( 16 % ) were converted to open . the open group , 70 patients ( 79.5 % ) had acute appendicitis and 21 ( 23.9 % ) had perforative appendicitis . the laparoscopic group , 62 patients ( 76.5 % ) had acute appendicitis and 10 ( 12.3 % ) had perforative appendicitis . was no statistical difference in the return to activity or work between the laparoscopic and open groups . operative time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group ( 102.2 minutes vs. 81.7 minutes , p < 0.01 ) . hospital stay of 2.2 days in the laparoscopic group and 4.3 days in the open group was statistically ( p = 0.007 ) . was no difference in the hospital stay for those with acute appendicitis ( 1.89 days vs. 2.61 days , p = 0.067 ) compared with those with a normal appendix but with pelvic inflammatory disease ( 1.1 days vs. 2.3 days , p = 0.11 ) . was a significant difference in patients with perforative appendicitis ( 1.5 days vs. 9.5 days , p < 0.01 ) . hospital cost for patients having laparoscopic appendectomy was $ 6077 and for an open appendectomy $ 7227 ( p = 0.164 ) . were no increased complications associated with the laparoscopic technique . appendectomy is comparable to open appendectomy with regard to complications , hospital stay , cost , return to activity , and return to work . was a greater operative time involved with the laparoscopic technique . appendectomy does not offer any significant benefit over the open approach for the routine patient with appendicitis ."
3203,Abstract #3203,"determine if magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) of the optic nerves obtained during the acute phase can distinguish patients with optic neuritis ( ON ) from those with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy ( NAION ) . , neuroradiologic , observational study . patients diagnosed as having either ON or NAION who were diagnosed by clinical criteria and imaged by MRI . information on the MRI scans was masked and the patients were presented randomly and in a blinded fashion to a neuroradiologist ( JDR ) for determination of abnormalities . was assessed by presenting 10 of the scans a second time to the same neuroradiologist . presence or absence and location of abnormal MRI signals of the optic nerve . of reproducibility revealed identical interpretations of the ten scans submitted a second time . optic nerve was abnormal in the clinically affected eye in 31 of the 32 ON patients but in only 5 of the 32 NAION patients . of the 31 ON patients who received gadolinium had enhancement , and 27 of the 32 ON patients had increased short T ( 1 ) inversion recovery signal in the clinically affected optic nerve . five NAION patients with abnormal scans in the clinically affected eye had increased short T ( 1 ) inversion recovery signal , and in two of these , there also was enhancement of the optic nerve . the ON patients , enhancement involved the entire length of the intraorbital optic nerve in 18 cases and the intracranial segment of the optic nerve in 19 cases . study shows that MRI scanning of the optic nerve shows significantly different results between patients clinically diagnosed with either ON or NAION ."
3204,Abstract #3204,"assess the relative efficacy , in terms of clinical pregnancy rates ( PRs ) , of transuterotubal insemination versus the more traditional intrauterine insemination ( IUI ) procedure . , randomized , cross-over . tertiary care center . hundred sixty infertile patients underwent 414 inseminations with or without controlled ovarian hyperstimulation . patients were randomized in their initial cycle to transuterotubal insemination or IUI then crossed-over in subsequent cycles ( n = 191 total cycles of transuterotubal insemination and n = 223 total cycles of IUI ) . insemination was performed initially with ultrasound guidance , and then a tactile technique was used for the last 6 months of the study . PRs and complications after both insemination methods . clinical PR per treatment cycle was 7 % ( 13/191 ) after transuterotubal insemination and 7 % ( 16/223 ) after IUI . overall PR per patient was 18 % ( 29/160 ) . incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 1 in 191 for transuterotubal insemination cycles and 0 in 223 for IUI cycles . complications included 3 vasovagal episodes with transuterotubal insemination and 1 with IUI . was no clinical evidence of tubal infection , trauma , or perforation in either group . insemination did not appear to be associated with a higher PR when compared with IUI in this study . potential for increased risk from complications related to the more invasive tubal technique does not appear to justify its use presently ."
3205,Abstract #3205,"antipsychotic medication still represents the treatment of choice for schizophrenia , its objective impact on symptoms is only in the medium-effect size range and at least 50 % of patients discontinue medication in the course of treatment . , clinical researchers are intensively looking for complementary therapeutic options . training for schizophrenia patients ( MCT ) is a group intervention that seeks to sharpen the awareness of schizophrenia patients on cognitive biases ( e.g. jumping to conclusions ) that seem to underlie delusion formation and maintenance . present trial combined group MCT with an individualized cognitive-behavioural therapy-oriented approach entitled individualized metacognitive therapy for psychosis ( MCT + ) and compared it against an active control . total of 48 patients fulfilling criteria of schizophrenia were randomly allocated to either MCT + or cognitive remediation ( clinical trial NCT01029067 ) . to intervention , both groups were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks later . was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale ( PANSS ) and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales ( PSYRATS ) . to conclusions was measured using a variant of the beads task . delusion severity declined significantly in the combined MCT treatment compared with the control condition . delusion conviction as well as jumping to conclusions showed significantly greater improvement in the MCT group . line with prior studies , treatment adherence and subjective efficacy was excellent for the MCT . results suggest that the combination of a cognition-oriented and a symptom-oriented approach ameliorate psychotic symptoms and cognitive biases and represents a promising complementary treatment for schizophrenia ."
3206,Abstract #3206,"goal of this prospective , interinstitutional study was to compare the long-term instructional effectiveness of a pediatric multimedia textbook ( MMTB ) to that of a standard lecture and a printed textbook . randomized cohort of 89 3rd-year medical students from two institutions were initially evaluated from June 1992 to June 1993 and reevaluated in May 1994 . were randomly assigned to one of four instructional groups : computer-aided instruction by means of MMTBs ( n = 21 ) , traditional lecture ( n = 23 ) , printed textbook ( n = 19 ) , and a control group ( n = 26 ) . instruction , all groups were tested by means of a multiple choice test at the end of their pediatric clerkship ; they were given this same test 11-22 months later . long-term instructional effectiveness of the MMTB , printed textbook , and lecture were the same as that in the control group , as determined by analysis of variance of mean test scores . educational advantage of MMTBs observed immediately after instruction was not detected 1 year later . attrition reduced statistical power , further research is necessary to determine how educational fading affects these instructional formats ."
3207,Abstract #3207,"assess the effectiveness at 21-30 days after treatment of tinidazole administered orally at 1 g once daily for 5 days and 2 g once daily for 2 days , compared with placebo , in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis , using rigorous U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) - recommended criteria to define cure . total of 235 women at 10 U.S. centers participated in this prospective , randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled trial . or absence of all five following criteria was required to define diagnosis or cure of bacterial vaginosis : 1 ) clue cells were at least 20 % of squamous cells in microscopic examination of vaginal fluid ; 2 ) positive potassium hydroxide whiff test ; 3 ) a homogeneous , thin , white-gray vaginal discharge ; 4 ) vaginal pH greater than 4.5 ; and 5 ) Nugent score greater than or equal to 4 on Gram-stained vaginal fluid . , tolerability , and safety were assessed using patient diaries and interviews at 8-10 days and 21-30 days after treatment . statistical analysis with Bonferroni adjustment was used to compare outcomes . efficacy was demonstrated by tinidazole for the 1 g once daily for 5 days regimen ( 36.8 % cured , P < .001 , number needed to treat 3.2 ) and for the 2 g once daily for 2 days regimen ( 27.4 % cured , P < .001 , number needed to treat 4.5 ) , when compared with placebo ( 5.1 % cured ) in the primary endpoint analysis . more traditional criteria for cure , efficacy was greater . with study therapy and tolerability were comparable in the three treatment groups . tinidazole regimens studied provided effective treatment for bacterial vaginosis . , www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00229216"
3208,Abstract #3208,"( UV ) radiation can profoundly suppress the cutaneous immune system , thus enhancing carcinogenesis . that prevent UV-induced immunosuppression may thus reduce skin cancer . ( vitamin B3 ) prevents UV-induced immunosuppression and carcinogenesis in mice , and solar-simulated ( ss ) UV-induced immunosuppression in humans . effectiveness against different UV wavebands and mechanism of action is as yet unknown . determine the effects and mechanisms of topical nicotinamide on UV-induced suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity ( DTH ) responses in humans . Mantoux-positive volunteers in four randomised , double-blinded studies were irradiated with solar-simulated ( ss ) UV ( UVB + UVA ) or narrowband UVB ( 300 nm ) or UVA ( 385 nm ) . nicotinamide ( 0.2 % or 5 % ) or its vehicle were applied immediately after each irradiation . testing was performed at irradiated sites and adjacent unirradiated control sites 48 h after the first irradiation and measured 72 h later . was calculated as the difference in Mantoux-induced erythema and induration at test sites compared to control sites . keratinocyte cell cultures , with and without ssUV and nicotinamide , were used for quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assessment of TP53 and enzymes that regulate oxidative phosphorylation . cooperated with ssUV to increase enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism and p53 , and significantly protected against immunosuppression caused by UVB , longwave UVA and single and repeated ssUV exposures . UVA , which is poorly filtered by most sunscreens , was highly immune suppressive even at doses equivalent to 20 min of sun exposure . , which protected against both UVB and UVA , is a promising agent for skin cancer prevention ."
3209,Abstract #3209,"of aprotinin in off-pump coronary artery bypass ( OPCAB ) surgery have not yet been described . study analyses hemostasiologic changes and potential benefit in OPCAB patients treated with aprotinin . a prospective , double-blind , randomized study 47 patients undergoing OPCAB surgery were investigated . received either aprotinin ( 2 x 10 ( 6 ) KIU loading dose and 0.5 x 10 ( 6 ) KIU/h during surgery , n = 22 ) or saline solution ( control , n = 25 ) . clotting time was adjusted to a target of 250 s intraoperatively . samples were taken up to 18h postoperatively : complete hematologic and hemostasiologic parameters including fibrinopeptide A ( FPA ) and D-dimer in a subgroup of 31 patients were analyzed . loss , blood transfusion and other clinical data were collected . groups showed comparable demographic and intraoperative variables . ( 87 % ) patients of the whole study group received aspirin within 7 days prior to surgery . of grafts per patient were comparable ( 2.9 + / -1.0 [ mean + / - SD ] in the aprotinin group and 2.8 + / -1.2 in control , P = 0.83 ) . loss during the first 18 h in intensive care unit was significantly reduced in patients treated with aprotinin ( median [ 25th-75th percentiles ] : 500 [ 395-755 ] ml vs. 930 [ 800-1170 ] ml , P < 0.001 ) . only two patients ( 10 % ) in the aprotinin group received packed red blood cells , whereas eight ( 35 % ) in the control group ( P = 0.07 ) . FPA levels reflecting thrombin generation were elevated in both groups . increase in D-dimer levels after surgery was significantly inhibited in the aprotinin group ( P < 0.001 ) . clinical outcome was similar in both groups . significantly reduces blood loss in patients undergoing OPCAB surgery . of enhanced fibrinolysis can be observed . generation during and after OPCAB surgery seems not to be influenced by aprotinin ."
3210,Abstract #3210,"investigate risk factors for colorectal cancer following breast cancer . this nested case-control study , all women ( n = 14,900 ) with a first primary breast cancer ( 1978-1992 ) were identified from the western Washington population-based Surveillance , Epidemiology , and End Results Cancer Registry . ( n = 160 ) developed a second primary colorectal cancer before 1995 , at least 6 months after the first cancer diagnosis . ( n = 310 , matched to the cases on calendar year , age and breast cancer stage ) were randomly selected from those who did not develop a second primary cancer and who survived to the case 's colorectal cancer diagnosis date . of the cases and controls at initial diagnosis were compared using conditional logistic regression . incidence of colorectal cancer was associated with a family history of breast cancer ( v.s. no family history , matched odds ratio ( mOR ) = 2.1 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 1.1-4 .1 ) , high body mass index ( > or = 30kg/m2 v.s. < 30kg/m2 , mOR = 2.2 , CI : 1.2-3 .9 ) , and lobular breast cancer histology ( v.s. ductal , mOR = 2.0 , CI : 0.9-4 .4 ) . was unrelated to menopausal status , prior hormone replacement therapy and estrogen/progesterone receptor status of the breast tumors . risk of developing a second primary colorectal cancer may be elevated among certain subsets of breast cancer patients ."
3211,Abstract #3211,"preclinical experiments , interferon alfa modulates the anticancer activity of fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) and cisplatin ( CDDP ) . test this effect clinically in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer ( RMHNC ) , a multicenter randomized controlled trial with CDDP and 5-FU with or without interferon alfa-2b ( IFNalpha ) was performed . patients had histologically confirmed RMHNC ; a good performance status ; measurable disease ; adequate bone marrow , hepatic , and renal function ; no prior chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic disease ; only one chemotherapy regimen administered with previous local therapy ; and a treatment-free interval of at least 3 months following previous local therapy . were randomized and stratified according to treatment center , and prior radiotherapy and chemotherapy . treatment regimen consisted of CDDP 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and 5-FU 1,000 mg/m2/d by continuous infusion for 96 hours ( days 1 to 4 ) , without ( arm A ) or with ( arm B ) IFNg alpha 3 x 10 ( 6 ) U/d subcutaneously on days 1 to 5 . were repeated every 21 days . hundred twenty-two patients were entered on each arm . response rate ( RR ) was similar in both arms ( arm A : complete response [ CR ] 10.7 % , partial response [ PR ] 36.4 % ; arm B : CR 6.8 % , PR 31.6 % ) ( .70 < P < .50 ) . was no difference in median survival between the two arms ( arm A 6.3 months v arm B 6.0 months ; P = .49 ) . , fever , leukopenia , and thrombocytopenia grade III to IV were significantly more frequent in the IFNalpha arm . of CDDP and 5-FU with IFNalpha as used in this study does not improve the RR or the median survival in patients with RMHNC . on both study arms had a poor prognosis , which indicates the need for novel therapies ."
3212,Abstract #3212,"aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of micropulse and continuous wave diode transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in refractory glaucoma . , comparative , exploratory study in a tertiary hospital setting . with refractory , end-stage glaucoma . patients were randomized to either treatment . intraocular pressure , visual acuity , number of medicines and repeat treatment were monitored for 18 months . that include visual acuity decline , prolonged anterior chamber inflammation , phthisis bulbi , scleral thinning and ocular pain were noted . pressure between 6 and 21mmHg and at least a 30 % reduction with or without anti-glaucoma medications after 18 months . successful primary outcome was achieved in 75 % of patients who underwent micropulse cyclophotocoagulation and 29 % of patients who received continuous wave cyclophotocoagulation after 12 months ( P < 0.01 ) . 18 months , successful outcome was 52 % and 30 % ( P = 0.13 ) , respectively . mean intraocular pressure was reduced by 45 % in both groups ( P = 0.70 ) from a baseline of 36.5 mmHg and 35.0 mmHg ( P = 0.50 ) after 17.51.6 months ( range 16-19 ) follow up . significant difference in retreatment rates or number of intraocular pressure lowering medications was noted . ocular complication rate was higher in continuous wave treated eyes ( P = 0.01 ) . transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in both micropulse and continuous modes was effective in lowering intraocular pressure . micropulse mode provided a more consistent and predictable effect in lowering intraocular pressure with minimal ocular complications ."
3213,Abstract #3213,"study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of - lipoic acid in the treatment of aged type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) complicated with acute cerebral infarction . patients were randomly divided into two groups , on the basis of conventional treatment . experiment group was administrated with - lipoic acid , while only Vitamin C for the control group , for 3 consecutive weeks . and after the experiment , superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) , glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels were measured and scored with the NIHSS ( National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ) , and the changes of blood glucose , insulin function and other indicators were observed . the treatment , the plasma SOD and GSH-Px levels increased , while MDA decreased ( p < 0.05 ) , with statistical significance when compared with the control group ( p < 0.01 ) . score , blood glucose , blood lipids and HOMA-IA of the experiment group decreased significantly ( p < 0.01 ) ; and no significant adverse reactions were found in both groups . lipoic acid was safe and effective in the treatment of aged T2DM complicated with acute cerebral infarction , significantly reducing the patient 's oxidative stress , blood glucose and lipid levels and being able to improve islet function ."
3214,Abstract #3214,"effects of three doses of RAD ( 40-O - [ 2-hydroxyethyl ] - rapamycin ) , a novel macrolide with potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties , on the incidence and severity of acute rejection episodes as well as its tolerability were evaluated in a dose-ranging study in de novo renal transplant recipients . this double-blind , parallel group , multicenter study , recipients were randomized to receive 1 mg , 2 mg , or 4 mg/day of RAD in combination with Neoral ( cyclosporine , USP MODIFIED ) and corticosteroids . incidence and severity of biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes , graft survival , patient survival , infection rates , laboratory measurements , and adverse events were compared across groups after 6 months of therapy . the 103 recipients , patients receiving 1 , 2 , or 4 mg/day experienced a 32.4 % , 14.7 % , or 25.7 % incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes within the first 6 months posttransplantation , respectively . though the study was not powered to demonstrate efficacy , the incidence of moderate and severe acute rejection episodes was found to be significantly lower among patients in the 2 mg and 4 mg/day groups than in the 1 mg/day group ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.006 , respectively ) . graft and patient survival rates were excellent . was generally well tolerated . blood lipid levels increased in all groups , changes were manageable with lipid-lowering agents and did not warrant discontinuation of study medication . incidence of viral and fungal infections was low ; however , it was higher among recipients treated with 4 mg/day . combination with Neoral and corticosteroids , RAD doses of 2 mg and 4 mg/day resulted in lower rates of acute rejection episodes and efficacy failure than the 1 mg/day dose and were significantly more effective in reducing the severity of rejection . , controlled , follow-up studies are currently in progress to confirm these initial findings ."
3215,Abstract #3215,"assess the impact of teaching general practitioners to carry out structured assessments of their long term mentally ill patients . controlled trial . group general practices in South Thames ( west ) region . adults disabled by long term mental illness . were identified by using practice data with help from local psychiatric and social services . eight practices the practitioners were taught a structured assessment schedule to use with patients every six months for two years . in drug treatments , referrals , consultation rates , and recording of preventive health data in the two years after intervention . up data were available on 373 patients ( 84.7 % ) . least one structured assessment was recorded for 127 patients in the intervention group but only 29 had four assessments recorded . practitioners considered the structured assessment to be time consuming and reported that it did not often lead directly to changes in treatment or referrals . in treatment with neuroleptic drugs and referrals to community psychiatric nurses , however , were significantly more frequent in the intervention group ( differences for intervention group minus control group adjusted for activity in two years before intervention were 14.3 % ( 95 % confidence interval 4.3 % to 24.33 % ; P < 0.01 ) for neuroleptic drugs and 13.3 % ( 2.0 % to 24.6 % ; P < 0.05 ) for referrals ) . were no significant differences in psychiatric admissions , use of the Mental Health Act , drug overdoses , prescriptions , referrals or admissions for physical problems , consultation rates , continuity of care , or recording of preventive data . general practitioners about the problems of long term mentally ill patients may increase their involvement in patients ' psychiatric care . structured assessments do not seem feasible in routine surgery appointments . training for general practitioners and increased resources such as more nurse time may be necessary if improvements in care of long term mentally ill patients in general practice are to be generalised ."
3216,Abstract #3216,"identified factors associated with the length of survival after prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) failure . study cohort comprised 81 of 206 men enrolled on a randomized trial evaluating external-beam radiation therapy ( RT ) with or without androgen suppression therapy ( AST ) and who experienced PSA failure . AST was administered at a PSA level of approximately 10 ng/mL as per protocol . regression was used to determine factors associated with length of survival after PSA failure . PSA DT ( doubling time ) < 6 months ( p = 0.04 ) and age at the time of PSA failure ( p = 0.009 ) were significantly associated with length of survival . 5 years , 35 % and 65 % of all-cause mortality was from prostate cancer in men whose age at PSA failure was 75 or higher vs. < 75 , respectively . all ages , 0 % , 4 % , as compared with 63 % of men , were estimated to die of prostate cancer within 5 years after PSA failure if their PSA DT was > 12 , 6-12 , or < 6 months , respectively . age and a PSA DT < 6 months at the time of PSA failure are associated with a significantly shorter survival ."
3217,Abstract #3217,"modeling has suggested that alternating antiretroviral regimens while patients ' viral load remains suppressed would minimize HIV resistance mutations . compare alternation of antiretroviral regimens with the current standard of switching regimens after viral load rebound . , multicenter , open-label , pilot trial . outpatient HIV clinics in Spain and Argentina . HIV-1-infected , antiretroviral-naive persons . were assigned to continuously receive stavudine , didanosine , and efavirenz ( standard of care , regimen A ) or zidovudine , lamivudine , and nelfinavir ( standard of care , regimen B ) until virologic failure , or to alternate between those two regimens every 3 months while viral load was suppressed ( regimen C ) . to virologic failure , percentage of patients with undetectable plasma viremia over 48 weeks , CD4 and CD8 cell counts , adverse events , emergence of drug resistance , drug adherence , and quality of life . receiving standard-of-care regimens A and B did not differ . failure over 48 weeks was delayed in the alternating therapy group compared with the pooled standard-of-care group ( incidence rate , 1.2 events/1000 person-weeks [ 95 % CI , 0.3 to 3.6 events/1000 person-weeks ] vs. 4.8 events/1000 person-weeks [ CI , 2.9 to 7.4 events/1000 person-weeks ] ; P = 0.01 ) . drug resistance emerged in 79 % of patients in the standard-of-care group who experienced on-therapy treatment failure . in the standard-of-care and alternating therapy groups had similar CD4 cell counts , frequency of adverse events , reported drug adherence , and quality of life . outcome was better with alternating therapy than with the current standard of care , while adverse events and adherence were similar . strategy of alternating therapy merits further investigation ."
3218,Abstract #3218,"combined hormone replacement therapy ( ccHRT ) based on estradiol valerate ( E2V ) and medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) is effective for relief of menopausal symptoms three years or more after the menopause . study was undertaken to examine the efficacy and tolerability of ccHRT in early postmenopausal women ( last menstrual period 1.3 years before study entry ) . was a 52-week , randomized , double-blind , multinational study of ccHRT comprising three different dose combinations of E2V/MPA in 459 early postmenopausal non-hysterectomized women experiencing 30 or more moderate to severe hot flushes a week and/or vasomotor symptoms requiring treatment . primary endpoint was change in frequency and severity of moderate to severe hot flushes at 12 weeks . outcome measures included number of bleeding days and evaluation of tolerability . frequency of hot flushes was reduced by > or = 70 % after one month ( P < 0.001 for all doses at week 2 onwards ) , with little evidence of statistically different dose effects . of flushing was also attenuated by ccHRT . number of bleeding days fell to < 1 per 28-day cycle at 52 weeks . of amenorrhoea approached 80-90 % at the end of the study , but were significantly lower at several time points with the highest-dose regimen ( 2 mg E2V + 5 mg MPA ) than with the lower-dose options ( 1 mg E2V + 2.5 mg MPA and 1 mg E2V + 5 mg MPA ; P < 0.05 ) . events declined in frequency over time with all regimens but throughout the study were more numerous with the highest-dose regimen than with lower doses ( P = 0.0002 ) . combined HRT was effective for the relief of climacteric symptoms in early postmenopausal women and was well tolerated ."
3219,Abstract #3219,"and mortality associated with severe asthma might be reduced by interventions that address psychosocial factors contributing to adverse outcomes . study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of a 6 month home based psychoeducational intervention delivered by a respiratory nurse specialist for adults at risk of adverse asthma outcomes . pragmatic randomised controlled trial was performed in 92 adults registered with hospital or primary care asthma clinics . had previous hospital admissions and/or were on British Thoracic Society step 4-5 treatment and had failed to attend clinic appointments or were considered to have poor adherence to other aspects of their agreed management . were visited in their homes for assessment and , where appropriate , intervention . main outcomes measured were symptom control , asthma specific quality of life , and generic health status . the 6 month primary time point there were no significant differences between usual care and intervention groups in mean symptom control , physical functioning , or mental health scores ( differences ( with 95 % CI ) -0.35 ( -1.83 to 1.13 ) , 3.10 ( -11.42 to 17.63 ) , 0.42 ( -10.22 to 11.07 ) , respectively ) . effects on asthma specific quality of life up to 12 months ( e.g. adjusted difference at 12 months 0.13 ( 95 % CI 0.02 to 0.25 ) ) and short term effects on generic health status , which mirrored improvements in aspects of self-care observed at the end of the intensive phase of the intervention , were apparent only from fully adjusted analyses . home based intervention provided by a nurse receiving psychological supervision may have effects on quality of life but is overall of limited long term benefit to adults at risk of adverse asthma outcomes ."
3220,Abstract #3220,"examine the changes from a combined exercise intervention after radical prostatectomy ( RP ) in elderly patients with prostate cancer , because randomized controlled trials addressing exercise intervention after RP have been lacking . May 2009 to May 2010 , all patients who underwent laparoscopic RP were assessed for eligibility . total of 66 patients were randomized to an exercise or a control group . exercise group received a combined exercise intervention ( resistance , flexibility , and Kegel exercises ) twice a week for 12 weeks , and the control group received only Kegel exercises . primary outcome was physical function , and the secondary outcomes were continence status and quality of life after the exercise intervention . total of 49 patients completed follow-up to the end of study . the 12-week exercise intervention , except for grip strength , all physical functions were better in the exercise group than in the control group . 24-hour pad test results ( 12.2 g in the exercise group , 46.2 g in the control group ) and continence rate ( 73.1 % in exercise group , 43.5 % in the control group ) recovered more promptly in the exercise group . a questionnaire study using the International Consultation on Incontinence questionnaire , Beck Depression Inventory , and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey , only the exercise group showed improvement at the last follow-up visit . 12-week combined exercise intervention after RP results in improvement of physical function , continence rate , and quality of life . results could help with prompt recovery of daily activities ."
3221,Abstract #3221,"compare candesartan cilexetil and lisinopril in fixed combination with hydrochlorothiazide with respect to antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability . was a double-blind ( double-dummy ) , randomised , parallel group comparison in patients with a mean sitting diastolic blood pressure 95-115 mm Hg on prior antihypertensive monotherapy . were candesartan cilexetil/hydrochlorothiazide 8/12 .5 mg once daily ( n = 237 ) and lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide 10/12 .5 mg once daily ( n = 116 ) for 26 weeks . primary efficacy variable was change in trough sitting diastolic blood pressure . in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure did not differ significantly between the groups ( mean difference 0.5 mm Hg ; 95 % confidence interval -1.6 , 2.7 , P = 0.20 ) . significant differences between the groups was found for other haemodynamic variables ( sitting systolic blood pressure , standing blood pressure , sitting/erect heart rate , and proportion of responders and controlled patients ) . drugs were well tolerated but the proportion of patients with at least one adverse event was significantly greater in the lisinopril group ( 80 % vs 69 % , P = 0.020 ) . proportion of patients spontaneously reporting cough ( 23.1 % vs 4.6 % ) and discontinuing therapy due to adverse events ( 12.0 % vs 5.9 % ) was also higher in the lisinopril group compared with the candesartan cilexetil group . fixed combinations of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide 8/12 .5 mg and lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide 10/12 .5 mg once daily are equally effective as antihypertensive agents . fixed combination containing candesartan cilexetil is better tolerated than that containing lisinopril ."
3222,Abstract #3222,"evaluate endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation using peribulbar anesthesia or topical anesthesia combined with intracameral unpreserved lidocaine 1 % . of Ophthalmology , Charit , Humboldt-University of Berlin , Berlin , Germany . and 20 months + / - 5.1 ( SD ) after surgery , specular microscopy was used to evaluate the number and morphology of endothelial cells in 78 eyes having peribulbar anesthesia or topical anesthesia combined with an intracameral injection of 0.15 cc unpreserved lidocaine 1 % . mean endothelial cell loss was 11.11 % in the peribulbar group and 12.55 % in the topical/lidocaine group . was no statistically significant difference in the amount of endothelial cell loss or cell morphology between the 2 groups . long-term postoperative endothelial cell course showed that topical anesthesia combined with an intracameral injection of 0.15 cc unpreserved lidocaine 1 % is a safe alternative to peribulbar anesthesia ."
3223,Abstract #3223,"investigate the safety , tolerability , pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of multiple oral doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ( DPP-4 ) inhibitor linagliptin ( BI 1356 ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . male type 2 diabetic patients received linagliptin 1 , 2.5 , 5 or 10 mg , or placebo , once daily for 12 days . exposure [ area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximum plasma concentration ( Cmax ) ] increased less than proportionally with dose . half-life was short ( 8.6-23 .9 h ) , resulting in rapid attainment of steady state ( 2-5 days ) and little accumulation ( range : 1.18-2 .03 ) . long terminal half-life ( 113-131 h ) led to a sustained inhibition of DPP-4 activity . excretion was below 1 % on day 1 in all dose groups . of plasma DPP-4 activity correlated well with linagliptin plasma concentrations , resulting in DPP-4 inhibition > 90 % in the two highest dose groups ; even 24 h postdose , DPP-4 inhibition was > 80 % . an oral glucose tolerance test , 24 h after the last dose , statistically significant reductions of glucose excursions were observed with linagliptin ( 2.5 , 5 and 10 mg doses ) compared with placebo . was well tolerated . frequency of adverse events ( AEs ) was not higher with linagliptin ( 54 % ) than with placebo ( 75 % ) . serious AEs and no episodes of hypoglycaemia were reported . type 2 diabetic patients , multiple rising doses of linagliptin were well tolerated and resulted in significant improvements of glucose parameters . with the favourable pharmacokinetics , these results confirm the unique profile of linagliptin in the DPP-4 inhibitor class ."
3224,Abstract #3224,"studies of acupuncture show favourable results for both subjective and objective outcomes of dry eye . , firm conclusions could not be drawn from these studies because the quality of the trials was too low to establish concrete evidence . , this study was designed both to avoid the flaws of the existing trials and to assess the effectiveness , cost-effectiveness and qualitative characteristics of acupuncture treatment for dry eye . hundred fifty participants with dry eye will be recruited into three independent hospitals from different areas : Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , DongGuk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital and Dongshin University Gwangju Oriental Hospital . number of participants required was calculated from the data of a previous , relevant study . patients will be randomly allocated into acupuncture treatment or artificial tear groups . 17 acupuncture points ( bilateral BL2 , GB14 , TE 23 , Ex1 , ST1 , GB20 , LI4 , LI11 and single GV23 ) will be used 3 times a week or disposable artificial tear drops ( Refresh Plus , ALLERGAN ) will be provided for use at least once a day for 4 weeks . ocular surface disease index ( OSDI ) , tear film break-up time ( TFBUT ) , Schirmer I test , visual analogue scale ( VAS ) for self-assessment of ocular discomfort , general assessment ( by both acupuncture practitioners and participants ) and quality of life ( QOL ) through the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile-2 ( MYMOP-2 ) will be assessed for approximately 3-months for each study participant . addition , qualitative study and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture treatment will be conducted . ( Identifier : NCT01105221 ) ."
3225,Abstract #3225,"fatty acids ( FFAs ) are linked to impaired insulin action , but their role in mediating long-term insulin sensitization during diabetes treatment is unclear . examine the effect of pioglitazone addition to existing therapy on FFA dynamics and insulin action . 2-year , randomized , parallel-group , double-blind , double-dummy , clinical trials . hundred and seventy-one centres in Europe , Australia and Canada . and female patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately managed with metformin or sulfonylurea . were randomized to pioglitazone ( 15-45 mg day ( -1 ) ; n = 319 ) or metformin ( 850-2550 mg day ( -1 ) ; n = 320 ) as add-on therapy to gliclazide or pioglitazone ( n = 317 ) versus gliclazide ( 80-320 mg day ( -1 ) ; n = 313 ) as add-on therapy to metformin . FFA profiles during oral glucose tolerance tests in selected centres before and during treatment ( n = 588 ) . Week 104 , pioglitazone treatment decreased fasting FFAs by 0.08 mmol L ( -1 ) when added to sulfonylurea and by 0.11 mmol L ( -1 ) when added to metformin versus the respective sulfonylurea + metformin groups ( 0.03 mmol L ( -1 ) , P = 0.05 and 0.04 mmol L ( -1 ) , P < 0.05 ) , and this was accompanied by significant improvements in fasting adipose tissue insulin sensitivity . in postchallenge FFAs were similar between groups and not related to changes in liver transaminases , insulin action and secretion . , the sensitivity of FFA to insulin was affected by treatment ( P < 0.001 ) and visit ( P < 0.05 ) . sensitivity of FFA rose when pioglitazone was added to sulfonylurea ( P < 0.05 ) , but decreased for gliclazide + metformin ( P < 0.05 ) . improvements in adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and reduction in fasting FFAs with pioglitazone may help to reduce lipotoxicity in Type 2 diabetes ."
3226,Abstract #3226,"aim of this study was to assess the glucose-lowering and lipid-modifying effects , and safety profile of lobeglitazone , a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor - agonist , compared to placebo as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes . this 24-week , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group , placebo controlled study , 173 patients were randomly assigned ( a 21 ratio ) to lobeglitazone 0.5 mg ( n = 115 ) or matching placebo ( n = 58 ) orally once daily . primary endpoint was the change in glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) from baseline to the end of treatment . secondary endpoints included various glycemic parameters , lipid parameters and safety profile ( ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01001611 ) . 24 weeks , a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed with lobeglitazone versus placebo ( -0.44 % vs 0.16 % , mean difference -0.6 % , p < 0.0001 ) . goal of HbA1c < 7 % was achieved significantly more in the lobeglitazone group compared to the placebo group ( 44 % vs 12 % , p < 0.0001 ) . of insulin resistance were also improved in the lobeglitazone group . addition , lobeglitazone treatment significantly improved triglycerides , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol , free fatty acid , and apolipoprotein-B/CIII compared to placebo ( p < 0.01 , respectively ) . weight gain was observed in the lobeglitazone group than the placebo group ( 0.89 kg vs - 0.63 kg , mean difference 1.52 kg , p < 0.0001 ) . safety profile was comparable between the two groups and lobeglitazone was well tolerated . 0.5 mg showed a favorable balance in the efficacy and safety profile . results support a potential role of lobeglitazone in treating type 2 diabetes . NCT01001611 ."
3227,Abstract #3227,"ascertain whether a 1-year remission induction therapy with an infliximab-MTX ( INF-MTX ) combination in patients with early RA provided sustained benefit after INF cessation compared with conventional treatment . patients with poor prognosis RA of < 1 year of disease duration were randomized to receive either INF and MTX or placebo infusions and MTX for 1 year . then stepped down to MTX monotherapy and were treated according to standard clinical care . 8 years , disease activity , function and quality of life ( QoL ) data were collected . follow-up , data were available for 18 patients ( 1 in each group had died ) . 28-joint DAS was significantly lower in the INF-MTX group compared with placebo-MTX group ( 2.7 vs 4.3 , P = 0.02 ) . patients in the INF-MTX group were in remission vs none in the placebo-MTX group . patient in the INF-MTX group achieved drug-free remission . RAQoL and HAQ median scores were lower in the INF-MTX group ; however , this did not reach statistical significance ( median RAQoL 3 vs 8 , P = 0.18 ; median HAQ 1.0 vs 1.5 , P = 0.12 ) . remission induction regime with an INF-MTX combination for 1 year in early RA can improve long-term clinical outcomes . studies will be required to confirm the implications of these findings ."
3228,Abstract #3228,"patients with acute radiculopathy caused by lumbar disc herniation ( LDH ) will benefit from spinal manipulation ( SM ) treatment has been taken for granted , despite no solid evidence to support that claim . is a demand for a win-win SM treatment that is both effective and less risky , and we attempt to use this trial to demonstrate such a treatment . this study , Feng 's Spinal Manipulative Therapy ( FSM ) is selected as the observational SM . can be performed with either manipulation or mobilization , and also can be easily mimicked as a sham SM . hundred and sixteen qualified hospitalized participants will be randomly allocated to one of the three following groups : sham SM , mobilization , or manipulation , according to a ratio of 1:1:1 . in each group will receive specific FSM treatments four times , along with basic therapies over a course of 2 weeks . days after each SM appointment , risk outcomes will be assessed using a questionnaire developed to identify accompanying unpleasant reactions ( AUR ) . pain pressure threshold ( PPT ) will be measured paraspinally on the tender spot beside the involved joint before and immediately after each SM treatment . risk ( RR ) of AUR , number needed to harm ( NNH ) and the 95 % confidence intervals of each group will be calculated and compared . outcomes will be assessed by analyzing the following data recordings : the Numerical Rating Scale ( NRS ) , Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) , and Global Perceived Effect ( GPE ) before enrollment and at the 7th , and 15th day after the treatment . will include comparisons of NRS , ODI and changes at the different visit times among the three groups by Repeated Measures Data ANOVA , an evaluation of reduced scores of NRS and ODI after the therapy to determine if they meet the minimum acceptable outcome ( MAO ) , and the determination of the minimal clinically important difference ( MCID ) by the average improvement in NRS and ODI scores of all participants who have been allocated to the category ` improved ' on the GPE assessment . trial is registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Register ( ChiCTR ) on 19 August 2013 ( ChiCTR-TRC-13003496 ) ."
3229,Abstract #3229,"relationship between coronary endothelial function and insulin resistance remains speculative . sought to determine whether pioglitazone , an insulin-sensitizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR ) - gamma agonist , improves cardiac endothelial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes . subjects with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and without overt cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to receive either 45 mg of pioglitazone or matching placebo for 3 months . and adenosine-stimulated myocardial blood flow ( MBF ) were quantified with [ ( 13 ) N ] ammonia and positron emission tomography at baseline and study conclusion . 3 months , HbA ( 1c ) levels dropped by 0.68 % in the pioglitazone group and increased by 0.17 % in the placebo group ( P = 0.009 for difference between groups ) . ( -93 vs. -39 mg/dl , P = 0.026 ) and HDL concentrations ( +4.8 vs. -6.0 mg/dl , P = 0.014 ) improved significantly in the pioglitazone group compared with placebo . these favorable changes , there was no demonstrable change in baseline MBF ( -0.05 + / - 0.24 vs. -0.09 + / - 0.24 ml . ( -1 ) . ( -1 ) , P = 0.45 ) , adenosine-stimulated MBF ( 0.10 + / - 0.75 vs. 0.14 + / - 0.31 ml . ( -1 ) . ( -1 ) , P = 0.25 ) , or coronary flow reserve ( 0.45 + / - 1.22 vs. 0.35 + / - 0.72 ml . ( -1 ) . ( -1 ) , P = 0.64 ) after 12 weeks of exposure to pioglitazone or placebo , respectively . analysis revealed that lower glucose concentration at the time of the study was associated with higher coronary flow reserve ( P = 0.012 ) . treatment for 12 weeks in subjects with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes had no demonstrable effect on coronary flow reserve despite metabolic improvements . ambient glucose levels contribute to impaired vascular reactivity in individuals with diabetes ."
3230,Abstract #3230,"assess the effectiveness of low-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal low back pain . double-masked , placebo-controlled , randomized clinical trial . physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic . ambulatory men and women between the ages of 18 and 70yrs with symptomatic nonradiating low back pain of more than 30 days ' duration and normal neurologic examination results . were bloc randomized into two groups with a computer-generated schedule . underwent irradiation for 90 seconds at eight symmetric points along the lumbosacral spine three times a week for 4 weeks by a masked therapist . sole difference between the groups was that the probes of a 1.06 microm neodymium : yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser emitted 542mW/cm2 for the treated subjects and were inactive for the control subjects . 's perception of benefit , level of function as assessed by the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire , and lumbar mobility . treated group had a time-dependent improvement in two of the three outcome measures : perception of benefit and level of function . results were most marked at the midpoint evaluation ( p < .005 , p < .01 ) and end of treatment ( p < .017 , p < .001 ) but tended to lessen at the 1-month follow-up ( p < .10 , p < .004 ) . mobility did not differ between the groups at any time . tests were two-sample t tests with unequal variances . with low-intensity 1.06 microm laser irradiation produced a moderate reduction in pain and improvement in function in patients with musculoskeletal low back pain . , however , were limited and decreased with time . research is warranted ."
3231,Abstract #3231,"from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-14 and B-20 trials showed that tamoxifen benefited women with oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours and negative axillary nodes , and that chemotherapy plus tamoxifen was more effective than tamoxifen alone . present long-term findings from those trials and relate them to age , menopausal status , and tumour oestrogen-receptor concentrations . also discuss the extent of progress made in the treatment of such patients . patients were randomly assigned to placebo ( n = 1453 ) or tamoxifen ( n = 1439 ) ; B-20 patients to tamoxifen ( n = 788 ) or cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , fluorouracil , and tamoxifen ( CMFT , n = 789 ) . endpoints were recurrence-free survival and overall survival estimated according to patients ' age , menopausal status , and tumour oestrogen-receptor concentration . recurrence rates were used to measure patterns of recurrence as a continuous function of age . with placebo , tamoxifen benefited women in B-14 through 15 years , irrespective of age , menopausal status , or tumour oestrogen-receptor concentration ( hazard ratio [ HR ] for recurrence-free survival 0.58 , 95 % CI 0.50-0 .67 , p < 0.0001 ; HR for overall survival 0.80 , 0.71-0 .91 , p = 0.0008 ) . B-20 , the benefit from CMFT over 12 years was greater than that from tamoxifen alone ( HR for recurrence-free survival 0.52 , 0.39-0 .68 , p < 0.0001 ; HR for overall survival 0.78 , 0.60-1 .01 , p = 0.063 ) . CMFT was compared with placebo , there were reductions in treatment failure of about 65 % in all age-groups . benefit has been achieved in treatment of women with oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours and negative nodes . planning systemic therapy for such patients of all ages , it should be understood that some have tumours with variable concentrations of oestrogen-receptors , a surrogate for other biomarkers associated with tumour growth and response to treatment . women tend to have higher tumour oestrogen-receptor concentrations and are more likely to benefit from tamoxifen than from chemotherapy ; in younger women , the converse is true . , the notion that use of tamoxifen or chemotherapy should be based only on age is too restrictive ."
3232,Abstract #3232,"Regarding safety , we investigated the effect of prenatal probiotic and 6 months of pro- and prebiotic supplementation of infants on their hematologic values at 6 months and 2 years and factors affecting these values . In a prospective randomized controlled probiotic intervention trial in infants at high risk for allergy , we obtained blood samples consecutively from 98 infants at 6 months and from 658 children at 2 years to measure hematologic values . collected fecal samples at 3 and 6 months to measure immunologic development by calprotectin , alpha-1-antitrypsin , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , and immunoglobulin A. At 6 months , infants in the probiotic group had significantly lower hemoglobin ( Hb ) values than did the placebo group , mean ( SD ) : 119.8 g/L ( 6.3 ) versus 123.3 g/L ( 8.4 ) , P = 0.025 . for factors that might affect Hb values ( breast-feeding duration , solid-food introduction , and sex ) , revealed no need for adjustment . significant negative correlation emerged between Hb values at 6 months and fecal calprotectin at age 3 months r = -0.301 , P = 0.009 , which was affected neither by breast-feeding , sex , nor study group . 2 years , hematologic values in both groups became similar . Probiotics cause a gut mucosal inflammation with decreased Hb values during intervention , corrected after halting the supplementation ."
3233,Abstract #3233,"progenitor cells ( EPCs ) contribute to endothelial regeneration and thereby protect against cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . with manifest CVD have reduced EPC levels , but it is not clear if this also occurs in subjects at high CVD risk without manifest atherosclerotic disease . , we aimed to first , measure circulating levels of EPCs in subjects without manifest CVD but at high cardiovascular risk due to obesity and presence of the metabolic syndrome . , we evaluated the effect on EPC levels of two lipid-lowering treatments . CD34 + KDR + EPC levels were reduced by nearly 40 % in obese men with the metabolic syndrome compared to non-obese healthy controls ( 331 + / - 193 vs. 543 + / - 164 EPC/mL , P = 0.006 ) . a randomized double-blind cross-over study comparing intensive lipid-lowering treatment using 80 mg simvastatin mono-treatment with combination treatment of 10 mg simvastatin and 10 mg ezetimibe , we found a similar treatment effect on EPC levels . analyses of these data suggested that both treatment regimens had increased circulating EPCs to control levels ( 626 + / - 428 after combination treatment , P < 0.01 ; 524 + / - 372 EPC/mL after monotherapy , P < 0.05 ) . levels of EPC-mobilizing factor SCF-sR correlated with reduced EPC levels and normalized concurrently with treatment . levels are reduced in apparently healthy men with abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome , even in the absence of manifest CVD . is important as EPCs contribute to endothelial regeneration and thereby protect against CVD . may be a candidate serum marker of circulating EPC levels . with low-dose statin with ezetimibe combination therapy or high-dose statin monotherapy has similar effects on the reduced EPC levels ."
3234,Abstract #3234,"aim of this prospective , double-blind , randomized long-term study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the self-etch adhesive AdheSE One in combination with the nanohybrid composite resin Tetric Evo Ceram for Class 1 and 2 restorations . improvement of the clinical performance with the additional use of a flowable composite resin for cavity lining was tested . accordance with a split-mouth design , 50 patients received 100 restorations in premolars and molars . restoration of each patient was chosen at random to be restored with an intermediary layer of a flowable composite resin . restoration was scored according to the modified Ryge criteria at baseline and after 6 , 12 , and 24 months . 24 months ( recall rate 88 % ) , the results of the Ryge evaluation for groups without ( group T ) and with application ( group TF ) of Tetric Flow were as follows : marginal adaptation , Alpha 40/40 and Bravo 3/4 ; marginal discoloration , Alpha 39/41 and Bravo 4/3 ; and filling integrity , Alpha 42/42 and Bravo 1/2 . restored teeth remained vital . parameters hypersensitivity , recurrent caries , surface , color match , and proximal contact were scored Alpha for all teeth . groups , no statistically significant differences could be detected ( Mann-Whitney U test , P > .05 ) . consideration of the short observation period , the clinical use of AdheSE One in stress-bearing posterior cavities reached acceptable clinical results with a 1.1 % cumulative failure rate after 2 years . use of a flowable composite resin did not show an improved clinical performance ."
3235,Abstract #3235,"studies have been conducted to estimate the incidence and economic impact of adverse drug reactions . of these studies used historical data or were based on single hospital units . is known , however , about the frequency of serious adverse drug reactions in general practice . estimate the incidence of serious adverse drug reactions in the community . prospective study during 5 consecutive working days between March 1 and April 30 , 1998 , was conducted among a random representative sample of 254 general practitioners in Aquitaine , France . main outcome measure was the number of serious adverse drug reactions ( ie , resulting in death , life-threatening condition , hospitalization , incapacity , or sequel ) observed by each general practitioner during the study period and validated by an expert panel . validated serious adverse drug reactions , 2 of which were fatal ( 1 subarachnoidal hemorrhage with oral anticoagulant and 1 aplastic anemia with antineoplastics ) , were observed , resulting in an incidence density of 10.2 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 5.4 to 17.5 ) per 1000 days of practice . case subjects ( 84.6 % ) were hospitalized . represents an average of 2.6 cases per general practitioner per year , and 123,000 adverse drug reaction cases ( 95 % CI , 65,400 to 210,000 ) for the 60,000 general practitioners in France . and anticoagulants were the drugs most frequently involved , and blood dyscrasia and bleeding were the most frequent adverse drug reactions . study , which is one of the few available that has prospectively measured the incidence of serious adverse drug reactions in general practice settings , confirms that serious adverse drug reactions are a major public health concern ."
3236,Abstract #3236,"current study examined a 5-year cognitive change in untrained African American and White participants from the Advanced Cognitive Training in Independent and Vital Elderly ( ACTIVE ) study . trajectories of memory , reasoning , visual processing speed/useful field of view , digit-symbol substitution , and vocabulary were investigated . , health , gender , age , and retest/practice effects were controlled for , and a missing data pattern mixture approach was used to adjust for dropout effects . considering age , education , health , and gender , being African American uniquely explained 2 % to 7 % of the variance in cognitive performance . were virtually no significant race differences in the rates of change . results in the current study are consistent with previous research suggesting that social advantage factors such as education have a stronger influence on the level of performance than the rate of change . small remaining effects of being African American on performance levels likely reflect uncontrolled variation in factors like literacy and financial advantage ."
3237,Abstract #3237,"evaluate the clinical relevance of circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF alpha ) in subjects with advanced acutely decompensated congestive heart failure ( CHF ) and to determine the modulatory effect of clinical interventions on short-term elaboration of this cytokine . , case-controlled study . and outpatient ( hospital and clinic ) , at regional academic medical center . INTERVENTIONS : Plasma concentrations of TNF alpha were determined in 25 healthy , normal control subjects and in 29 noncachectic patients with advanced CHF ( mean ejection fraction = 16 + / - 6 % ) who required hospitalization for i.v. diuretic and/or inotropic therapy despite optimization of oral medical regimens . patients were divided into two groups : diuretic responsive ( group A ; n = 6 ) and diuretic resistant requiring inotropic support ( group B ; n = 23 ) . B was randomly allocated to receive either i.v. dobutamine ( n = 13 ) or milrinone ( n = 10 ) for 72 h. TNF alpha levels in CHF patients were measured serially at baseline , at 6 h , at 48 h , at 72 h , and at 1-week follow-up after hospital discharge . TNF alpha levels at baseline in CHF patients were 4.0 + / - 1.1 pg/mL ( range , 0.5 to 6.5 pg / mL ) and 2.5 + / - 0.6 pg/mL ( range , 0.5 to 6.8 pg/mL ) in groups A and B , respectively , which were significantly different ( p < 0.002 ) from normal subjects ( 0.89 + / - 0.40 pg/mL ; range , 0.5 to 9.7 pg/mL ) . clinically successful therapy with i.v. diuretics , dobutamine , or milrinone , plasma levels of this cytokine remained unchanged . TNF alpha in CHF patients measured in recovery ( 1 week after hospital discharge ) was 5.1 + / - 1.2 pg/mL ( range , 1.0 to 9.9 pg/mL ) and 3.9 + / - 0.8 pg/mL ( range , 0.5 to 8.7 pg/mL ) in groups A and B , respectively . findings suggest that although noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure who suffer acute decompensation elaborate significantly higher circulating levels of TNF alpha compared with healthy control subjects , no significant reduction or alteration in circulating TNF alpha is noted in the short-term follow-up despite clinical improvement ."
3238,Abstract #3238,"discourages the provision of topical anesthetics to patients with corneal injuries discharged from the emergency department because of the toxicity of concentrated solutions . compared the analgesic efficacy of dilute topical proparacaine with placebo in emergency department patients with acute corneal injuries . conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial of adults with corneal injuries presenting to one of 2 tertiary care emergency departments in London , Ont . were randomly assigned to groups receiving either 0.05 % proparacaine or placebo drops as outpatients and were followed up to healing by a single ophthalmologist . primary outcome was pain reduction as measured on a 10-cm visual analog scale . participants from the proparacaine group and 18 participants from the placebo group completed the study . mean age of the patients was 38.7 ( standard deviation 12.3 ) years and the majority were male ( 85 % ) . reduction was significantly better in the proparacaine group than in the placebo group , with a median improvement of 3.9 ( interquartile range [ IQR ] 1.5-5 .1 ) cm on the visual analog scale versus a median improvement of 0.6 ( IQR 0.2-2 .0 ) cm ( p = 0.007 ) . proparacaine group was more satisfied ( median level of satisfaction 8.0 [ IQR 6.0-9 .0 ] cm on a 10-cm visual analog scale v. 2.6 [ IQR 1.0-8 .0 ] cm , p = 0.027 ) . were no ocular complications or signs of delayed wound healing in either group . topical proparacaine is an efficacious analgesic for acute corneal injuries . no adverse events were observed in our study population , larger studies are required to evaluate safety ."
3239,Abstract #3239,"carious lesions comprise a constant clinical problem . aim of this investigation was to test the safety and clinical effect of a new treatment for proximal caries . 50 patients with two proximal initial lesions ( D1-3 without cavitation , bitewing radiograph ) , orthodontic rubber rings were applied to gain access to the interproximal space . of the lesions was sealed with a thin polyurethane-dimethacrylate foil using a bonding agent ; the other lesion received oral home care with dental floss and fluoridated toothpaste , and was left as control . clinical follow-ups after 6 and 12 months and radiographic evaluation after two years , clinical retention of proximal tape and the underlying sealant , marginal adaptation , discoloration , tooth vitality , proximal plaque , and gingivitis were checked . addition , carious lesions were assessed clinically and radiographically . sealants showed good retention , marginal adaptation , and color . two years , vitality of all teeth was still positive and no relevant differences in plaque accumulation or gingival status were found between sealed and control teeth . sealed lesions showed caries regression and 2 progression . contrast , only 4 control lesions regressed and also 2 showed progression . loss of tape had no significant influence on the lesion progression , indicating the effect of the underlying bond . other sealants and control lesions were stable , indicating an arrest of the lesion . initial proximal lesions showed no clinical problems and mostly arrest of initial carious lesions on bitewing radiographs ."
3240,Abstract #3240,"treatment modalities for chronic leg ulcers are time consuming , expensive , and only moderately successful . data suggest that creating a subatmospheric pressure by vacuum-assisted closure ( V.A.C. , KCI Concepts , San Antonio , Texas ) therapy supports the wound healing process . efficacy of vacuum-assisted closure in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers was prospectively studied in a randomized controlled trial in which 60 hospitalized patients with chronic leg ulcers were randomly assigned to either treatment by V.A.C. or therapy with conventional wound care techniques . primary outcome measure was the time to complete healing ( days ) . analysis was performed on the intention-to-treat basis . median time to complete healing was 29 days ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 25.5 to 32.5 ) in the V.A.C. group compared with 45 days ( 95 % CI , 36.2 to 53.8 ) in the control group ( P = .0001 ) . , wound bed preparation during V.A.C. therapy was also significantly shorter at 7 days ( 95 % CI 5.7 to 8.3 ) than during conventional wound care at 17 days ( 95 % CI , 10 to 24 , P = .005 ) . costs of conventional wound care were higher than those of V.A.C. Both groups showed a significant increase in quality of life at the end of therapy and a significant decrease in pain scores at the end of follow-up . therapy should be considered as the treatment of choice for chronic leg ulcers owing to its significant advantages in the time to complete healing and wound bed preparation time compared with conventional wound care . during the preparation stage , V.A.C. therapy appears to be superior to conventional wound care techniques ."
3241,Abstract #3241,"of lipopolysaccharide into human volunteers leads to an increase in serum interleukin-1beta , interleukin-6 , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and a significant decrease in cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) - mediated drug metabolism . in vivo effects of the noninflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ) on CYP-mediated drug metabolism was examined . ( 8 microg/kg ) and placebo were administered for 6 days to 12 healthy volunteers in a double-blind crossover study . ( CYP2C9 ) , caffeine ( CYP1A2 ) , dextromethorphan ( CYP2D6 and CYP3A ) , and midazolam ( CYP3A ) were administered on days 4 and 5 to determine individual CYP activities . clinically apparent side effects were observed after administration of IL-10 ; however , blood chemistries reflected an acute-phase response . significant drop in serum albumin ( mean percentage change + / - SD between groups ; 4.7 % + / - 6.0 % , P < or = .02 ) , a significant increase in serum ferritin ( 736 % + / - 717 % , P < or = .001 ) , and a significant reduction in platelet count ( 49 % + / - 12 % , P < or = .0001 ) was observed after administration of IL-10 . significantly ( P < or = .02 ) decreased CYP3A activity 12 % + / - 17 % , as reflected by midazolam clearance . activity was significantly ( P < or = .005 ) increased by 38 % + / - 35 % , as reflected by the tolbutamide urinary metabolic ratio and oral clearance . , administration of IL-10 resulted in a 40 % increase in the fraction unbound of tolbutamide . no difference in the unbound clearance of tolbutamide was observed between placebo ( 23.3 + / - 9.7 L/h ) or IL-10 ( 23.5 + / - 11.4 L/h ) administration . significant changes in either CYP1A2 or CYP2D6 activities were observed between placebo and treatment arms of the study . administration resulted in an acute-phase response . of IL-10 did not alter CYP1A2 , CYP2C9 , and CYP2D6 activities . biotransformation was reduced by administration of IL-10 ."
3242,Abstract #3242,"stroke survivors would benefit from modification of their lifestyle in order to reduce their risk of recurrent stroke . investigated if tailored smoking cessation advice would yield a higher smoking cessation rate and a higher rate with sustained abstinence in ex-smokers in the intervention group than among controls . admitted with an acute stroke or a transient ischaemic attack were included in a randomised controlled trial focusing on control of lifestyle risk factors and hypertension . , we report the intervention focused on smoking cessation . used multiple logistic regression analysis to identify patient characteristics associated with smoking cessation . were by intention to treat excluding those who died or suffered severe disease . included 254 patients with a history of smoking . years after inclusion , 15 of 57 ( 26 % ) baseline smokers in the intervention group had stopped smoking versus eight of 56 ( 14 % ) among controls ( p = 0.112 ) . with a partner ( p = 0.012 ) , having at least ten years of education ( p = 0.012 ) , and not being exposed to smoking at home ( p = 0.036 ) were independent predictors of smoking cessation . did not achieve our aim of higher smoking cessation rates in the intervention group . smoking cessation interventions should be more intensive , focus on patients ' social circumstances and , if possible , involve patients ' relatives . study was supported by the Ludvig and Sara Elsass Foundation , the Lundbeck Foundation and The Danish Heart Foundation ( Grant 07-4-B703-A1378-22384F ) . protocol is registered with Clinical Trials.gov ( NCT 00253097 ) ."
3243,Abstract #3243,"is currently undergoing a period of rapid demographic transition which has led to an increase in the proportion of older people in the population ; the proportion aged 60 years and over , for example , increased from 8 % of the population in 1980 to 12 % in 2005 . an effort to promote healthy ageing and preserve function , the government of Chile has formulated a package of actions into the Programme of Complementary Feeding for the Older Population ( PACAM ) which has been providing a nutritional supplement to older people since 1998 . distributes micronutrient fortified foods to individuals aged 70 years and over registered at Primary Health Centres and enrolled in the programme . recommended serving size ( 50 g/day ) of these supplements provides 50 % of daily micronutrient requirements and 20 % of daily energy requirements of older people . information is currently available on the cost-effectiveness of the supplementation programme . aim of the CENEX cluster randomised controlled trial is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an ongoing nutrition supplementation programme , and a specially designed physical exercise intervention for older people of low to medium socio-economic status living in Santiago , Chile . study has been conceptualised as a public health programme effectiveness study and has been designed as a 24-month factorial cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted among 2800 individuals aged 65.0-67 .9 years at baseline attending 28 health centres in Santiago . main outcomes are incidence of pneumonia , walking capacity and change in body mass index over 24 months of intervention . data ( user and provider ) , collected at all levels , will enable the determination of the cost-effectiveness of the two interventions individually and in combination . study is supported by the Ministry of Health in Chile , which is keen to expand and improve its national programme of nutrition for older people based on sound science-base and evidence for cost-effectiveness . ."
3244,Abstract #3244,"attention has been given to the impact of nutrition on kidney disease . dietary attempts to treat chronic renal failure ( CRF ) and to decrease uremia use a protein restriction . alternative dietetic approach based on fermentable carbohydrate ( FC ) supplementation of the diet could lead to the same urea-lowering effect by increasing urea nitrogen ( N ) excretion in stool , with a concomitant decrease of the total N quantity excreted in urine . the present prospective study , the impact of FC ( 40 g/d ) on uremia and on N excretion routes was investigated during 5 weeks in nine CRF patients in the presence of a moderated restrictive protein diet ( 0.8 g/kg/d ) . were their own controls and were treated by the cross-over method after randomization ( 5 weeks with FC versus 5 weeks without FC ) . FC significantly increased the quantity of N excreted in stool from 2.1 + / - 0.8 to 3.2 + / - 1.1 g/d ( +51 % ) ( P < .01 ) and decreased , in parallel , the urinary N excretion from 9.4 + / - 1.7 to 8.3 + / - 1.4 g/d ( -12 % ) ( P < .01 ) . total N quantities excreted by the two routes were unchanged by the FC , which shows that the FC was efficient to shift N excretion from the urinary route toward the digestive route . a result of the increase of urea transfer into the colon , the plasma urea concentration was significantly decreased from 26.1 + / - 8.7 to 20.2 + / - 8.2 mmol/L ( -23 % ) ( P < .05 ) . results show the same beneficial effects in CRF as those obtained with a restrictive protein diet without its nutritional drawbacks . should be confirmed by other prospective works over a longer duration and a larger number of patients to study the effects of FC on CRF progression and on CRF terminal stage tolerance ."
3245,Abstract #3245,"in caesarean operations skin incision to delivery time is very short , induction agent could be still effective on BIS level till the time of delivery . this study was designed to analyze the effect on maintaining adequate bispectral index levels till delivery of neonate of propofol and thiopental as an induction agent for caesarean section . two patients undergoing caesarean section were allocated into two groups . the group T anesthesia induction was performed with thiopental ( 5 mg/kg ) and in the group P with propofol ( 2.5 mg/kg ) . was maintained with sevoflurane . rates , blood pressures and BIS values during significant events of surgery and anesthesia till delivery , durations of surgery , induction to skin incision and to delivery and Apgar scores were recorded . statistical analysis T-test was used for comparison of means of independent samples . groups were comparable with respect to age , weight and gestational age . patients in the group P had significantly lower levels of bispectral index values during uterus incision ; 40.6 vs. 59.5 ( p = 0.019 ) and delivery ; 41 vs. 62.9 ( p = 0.018 ) . induction with propofol in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg maintains lower levels of heart rate , blood pressure and BIS till delivery when compared with thiopental in a dose of 5 mg/kg . is no financial support taken from any kind of company or person . are no financial relationships between authors and commercial interests with a vested interest in the outcome of study ."
3246,Abstract #3246,"of 10 mg , 15 mg , and 20 mg of rivaroxaban are approved for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disorders in adult patients . six Phase I studies , the pharmacokinetics , safety , and tolerability of 2.5 mg , 5 mg , 10 mg , 15 mg , and 20 mg rivaroxaban were investigated in healthy male subjects , and the influence of food on these parameters was investigated for the 10 mg , 15 mg , and 20 mg tablet doses . addition , an oral suspension containing 1 mg/ml rivaroxaban , which is under investigation for future use in the pediatric population , was investigated at doses of 10 mg and 20 mg . was obtained from Bayer Pharma AG , Wuppertal , Germany . independent , single-dose , cross-over studies were performed in healthy male subjects ( between 13 and 24 subjects were enrolled in each study ) to determine the pharmacokinetics , safety , and tolerability of rivaroxaban under fasting and fed conditions . 1 was an absolute bioavailability study that compared 5 mg and 20 mg tablet doses with a 1 mg intravenous solution . 2 and 3 were confirmatory food-effect studies that assessed 10 mg and 20 mg tablet doses , respectively , under fed and fasting conditions . 4 was a formulation study that evaluated oral suspensions of 10 mg ( fasting ) and 20 mg ( fasting and fed ) rivaroxaban vs. a 10 mg tablet ( fasted ) . 5 was a dose-proportionality study that assessed 2.5 mg , 5 mg , and 10 mg tablets under fasting conditions . 6 was a dose-proportionality study that assessed tablet doses of 10 mg , 15 mg , and 20 mg under fed conditions . parameters , including the area under the plasma concentration-time curve after a single dose , the maximum drug concentration in plasma after a single dose , dose-adjusted values of area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximum drug concentration in plasma after a single dose , half-life associated with the terminal slope , and time to maximum concentration in plasma after a single dose were evaluated . events were classified according to their degree of severity and were summarized using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms . all doses , rivaroxaban showed an acceptable safety profile and was well tolerated in healthy individuals . of food and formulation , pharmacokinetic parameters of doses up to 10 mg rivaroxaban were dose proportional and had high oral bioavailability ( 80 % ) . fasting conditions , pharmacokinetic parameters of 15 mg and 20 mg rivaroxaban increased with dose but were less than dose proportional . , when taken with food , high bioavailability ( 80 % ) of these doses was achieved independent of formulation . parameters of doses up to 10 mg rivaroxaban were dose proportional and had high oral bioavailability independent of food or whether administered as tablet or solution . bioavailability ( 80 % ) of 15 mg and 20 mg rivaroxaban was achieved when taken with food ; therefore , these doses need to be taken with food ."
3247,Abstract #3247,"pain is a common condition among older adults . cognitive behaviour therapy ( CBT ) has been tested in numerous studies on adults and children there are fewer studies on older persons . objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a six-session CBT group treatment for older persons with chronic pain . a secondary aim we investigated whether treatment credibility was associated with outcome . included 21 persons ( mean age = 72.0 years ) who were randomly allocated to either a waitlist condition or treatment consisting of applied relaxation , with the addition of problem solving , assertiveness , communication strategies , sleep management , and relapse prevention . statistically significant effects were found on measures of pain , mood , anxiety , and quality of life ; however , a significant treatment effect with a between group effect size of d = 1.0 was observed with respect to perceived ability to function despite the discomfort of pain . study provides some preliminary support for the use of group-based CBT with a focus on applied relaxation for older adults with chronic pain ."
3248,Abstract #3248,"positioning in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome is a well-known method to improve oxygenation . aim of our study was to evaluate a new device for prone positioning , the prone-head support system ( PHS system ) , with regard to reduction of cutaneous pressure sores . a pilot study we randomized 8 patients with ARDS in two groups : 180 degrees standard prone positioning ( group without mask ) and prone positioning with the PHS system ( group with mask ) . PHS system consists of a facemask support , which is connected to an adapted air suspension bed . patients of both groups were intermittently proned for several days . evaluated the pressure sores on head and neck before turning the patients prone for the first time and after each period of prone positioning . documented the quantity , the size , the type and the localization of the pressure sores . was no significant difference in the mean duration of prone positioning ( 27.1 + / -14.7 hours in the group with mask versus 24.5 + / -18.7 h in the group without mask ) . the group with mask there were 1.5 + / -0.8 new pressure sores by each proning , whereas in the group without mask there were 2.37 + / -1.6 new pressure sores , which was lower , but not significantly . overall area of pressure sores ( 798 mm2 versus 3184 mm2 , p = 0.004 ) , the area of pressure sores per patient ( 199.5 + / -104.7 mm2 versus 796 + / -478 mm2 , p = 0.03 ) and the increase of the area of pressure sores per proning ( 79.8 + / -52.0 mm2 versus 398.0 + / -214.3 mm2 , p = 0.004 ) were significantly lower in the group with mask in comparison to the group without mask . lips were the most effected localization in both groups . pressure sores in the group with mask were less severe and showed a homogenous distribution in comparison to the group without mask . dominated in the group with mask in comparison to erosions , necrosis and ulcers in the group without mask . PHS system with its face mask is able to reduce the extent and the severity of pressure sores in patients ventilated in prone position . randomized studies with large study populations seem justified ."
3249,Abstract #3249,"evaluate the efficacy of soy isoflavones extract ( SIE ) in the treatment of depressive symptoms in women with climacteric syndrome . double-blind randomized study with 84 climacteric outpatients attended in the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital in Joao Pessoa ( PB ) , Brazil . the assessment of the depressive symptoms , the Brazilian version of the Center of Epidemiologic Studies of Depression ( CES-D ) scale was used , on the pre-treatment visits ( VT1 ) , 8th ( VT2 ) and 16th ( VT3 ) weeks after treatment . experimental group ( EG ) received the daily dose of 120mg SIE and the control group ( CG ) , placebo . primary efficacy measure was the comparison of the percent reductions in the CES-D scores from VT1 to VT3 between EG and CG ( t-test , p < 0.05 ) . security analysis consisted of laboratory and clinical evaluation of adverse events . CES-D scores in the EG reduced from 12.5 ( + / -4.2 ) in VT1 to 9.9 ( + / -3.6 ) in VT2 ( VT2 < VT1 , p = 0.001 ) and 8.2 ( + / -3.8 ) in VT3 ( VT3 < VT2 , p = 0.007 ) , while the CG , reduced from 13.0 ( + / -4.8 ) in VT1 to 10.1 ( + / -4.1 ) in VT2 ( VT2 < VT1 , p = 0.001 ) and 9.4 ( + / -4.1 ) in VT3 ( VT2 = VT3 , p > 0.05 ) . the outcome of the 16-week treatment ( VT1-VT3 ) , reduction of the CES-D scores did not reach statistical significance between groups . were no clinically relevant adverse events attributable to the treatment . treatment with soy isoflavones did not produce significant reduction on the depressive symptoms of a predominantly affective nature evaluated in this study . symptomatic reduction initially observed was apparently a nonspecific response to treatment , corroborating evidences from the literature on the placebo phenomenon in treatment of the climacteric syndrome ."
3250,Abstract #3250,"investigate estimated outcome effects of a sports injury prevention intervention when analysed by means of a per protocol ( PP ) analysis approach . controlled trial ( RCT ) involving 522 athletes who sustained a lateral ankle sprain allocated to either an intervention ( received a preventive programme in addition to usual care ) or control group who were followed prospectively for one year . analysis of data relating to registered ankle sprain recurrences , exposure and adherence to the allocated intervention using a PP analysis approach . percent of the RCT intervention group indicated to have fully adhered with the neuromuscular training programme . per protocol analysis only considering fully adherent athletes and control athletes , showed a Hazard Ratio of 0.18 ( 95 % CI : 0.07-0 .43 ) . fewer recurrent ankle sprains were found in the fully adherent group compared to the group that was not adherent ( relative risk = 0.63 ; 95 % CI : 0.43-0 .99 ) . PP analysis on fully adherent athletes versus control group athletes showed that the established intervention effect was over threefold higher compared to an earlier intention-to-treat based analysis approach . shows that outcomes of intervention studies are heavily biased by adherence to the allocated intervention ."
3251,Abstract #3251,"immunosuppression from cancer adjuvant therapy has been documented , how these suppressed immune responses recover to baseline values after completion of cancer adjuvant therapy has not been studied systematically . objective of this study was to examine the probability of immune recovery after cancer adjuvant therapy and the potential impact of cancer adjuvant therapy type and cancer stage on immune recovery in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer . a repeated-measures design , immune responses were measured four times in 80 patients with early-stage breast cancer : before and at 2 , 6 , and 12 months from the beginning of cancer adjuvant therapy . killer cell activity , lymphokine-activated killer cell activity , lymphocyte proliferation , CD subsets ( CD4 , CD8 , and CD56 ) , and cytokines ( interferon-gamma , interleukin [ IL ] -2 , IL-4 , IL-6 , and IL-1alpha ) were selected for their relevance to breast cancer . recovery was defined by the level of immune response reaching to and above baseline levels . were analyzed using a multivariate generalized linear mixed-model approach . immune recovery to pretreatment baseline levels continued to the 12-month time point in all parameters . percentages of immune recovery ranged from 6 % to 76 % of the patients , varying among immune parameters . , immune recovery was poorer for interferon-gamma , IL-2 , IL-4 , lymphocyte proliferation , and natural killer cell activity than was for CD subsets and IL-6 . type of cancer adjuvant therapy , not cancer stage , showed selective influence on immune recovery . or chemotherapy and radiotherapy combination significantly delayed IL-2 recovery , whereas radiotherapy significantly delayed IL-4 recovery . recovery after breast cancer adjuvant therapy is delayed significantly for an extended time period in numerous immune parameters . type of cancer adjuvant therapy has selective influence on immune recovery . investigations are warranted to elucidate the time course of immune recovery , clinical significance of poor immune recovery , and factors influencing immune recovery to develop potential interventions ."
3252,Abstract #3252,"reporting of type 2 diabetes symptoms in a questionnaire with a 7-day recall period was expected to be different from symptom reports using a 7-day diary with repeated 24-h recall based on cognitive theory of memory processes and prior literature . study compared these two types of recall in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . hundred and forty adults with T2D completed a daily diary for 7days containing 9 T2D-related symptom and impact items . day 7 , patients completed the same items with a 7-day recall period . examined the concordance of 7-day recall with summary descriptors of the daily reports and compared the scores and the discriminant ability of 7-day recall and mean of daily reports . recall was most concordant with the mean of daily reports . average difference in scores was small ( range 0.22-0 .77 on 11-point scale ) and less than 0.5 standard deviations . some items , the difference was positively associated with the variation in daily reports . discriminant ability was comparable . this study population , a questionnaire with 7-day recall provided information consistent with a daily diary measure of the average week-long experience of T2D symptoms and impacts ."
3253,Abstract #3253,"rafts ( polysaccharide polymers that precipitate into a low-density viscous gel when they contact gastric acid ) have been reported to form at the acid pocket , an unbuffered pool of acid that floats on top of ingested food and causes postprandial acid reflux . studied the location of an alginate formulation in relation to the acid pocket and the corresponding effects on reflux parameters and acid pocket positioning in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . randomly assigned patients with symptomatic GERD and large hiatal hernias to groups who were given either ( 111 ) In-labeled alginate-antacid ( n = 8 , Gaviscon Double Action Liquid ) or antacid ( n = 8 , Antagel ) after a standard meal . relative positions of labeled alginate and acid pocket were analyzed for 2 hours by using scintigraphy ; reflux episodes were detected by using high-resolution manometry and pH-impedance monitoring . alginate-antacid label localized to the acid pocket . number of acid reflux episodes was significantly reduced in patients receiving alginate-antacid ( 3.5 ; range , 0-6 .5 ; P = .03 ) compared with those receiving antacid ( 15 ; range , 5-20 ) , whereas time to acid reflux was significantly increased in patients receiving alginate-antacid ( 63 minutes ; range , 23-92 ) vs those receiving antacid ( 14 minutes ; range , 9-23 ; P = .01 ) . acid pocket was located below the diaphragm in 71 % of patients given alginate-antacid vs 21 % of those given antacid ( P = .08 ) . was an inverse correlation between a subdiaphragm position of the acid pocket and acid reflux ( r = -0.76 , P < .001 ) . a study of 16 patients with GERD , we observed that the alginate-antacid raft localizes to the postprandial acid pocket and displaces it below the diaphragm to reduce postprandial acid reflux . findings indicate the importance of the acid pocket in GERD pathogenesis and establish alginate-antacid as an appropriate therapy for postprandial acid reflux ."
3254,Abstract #3254,"used to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) are advancing to clinical trials on the basis of activity observed in vitro and in animal models . , no data demonstrate activity of microbicides after application in humans . study was designed to determine the antiviral activity in cervicovaginal lavage ( CVL ) samples collected after intravaginal application of 0.5 % PRO 2000 gel ( Indevus ) . randomized , double-blind study was conducted to assess the anti-HIV and anti-herpes simplex virus ( HSV ) activity of PRO 2000 in CVL samples obtained at screening ( 48 hours before ) and 1 hour after application of study or placebo gel . cells or human macrophages were inoculated with CVL samples spiked with replication-defective HIV containing a luciferase indicator gene and pseudotyped with an R5 envelope . cervical epithelial cells were inoculated with CVL samples and challenged with HSV-2 ( G ) , and the virus titer was then determined . samples obtained after application of PRO 2000 gel significantly inhibited HIV and HSV infection by at least 1000-fold , compared with CVL samples obtained at screening ( P < .001 ) . were no differences in cytokine levels between the drug and placebo groups . 2000 gel ( 0.5 % ) is sufficiently bioavailable and retains substantial antiviral activity after intravaginal application . strategy provides a mechanism for testing the efficacy of a microbicide before embarking on large-scale clinical trials ."
3255,Abstract #3255,"complications are an important problem of antithrombotic therapy . inhibitors ( PPIs ) are believed to decrease the risk of such complications , though no randomized trial has proved this in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy . , concerns have been raised about the potential for PPIs to blunt the efficacy of clopidogrel . randomly assigned patients with an indication for dual antiplatelet therapy to receive clopidogrel in combination with either omeprazole or placebo , in addition to aspirin . primary gastrointestinal end point was a composite of overt or occult bleeding , symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers or erosions , obstruction , or perforation . primary cardiovascular end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes , nonfatal myocardial infarction , revascularization , or stroke . trial was terminated prematurely when the sponsor lost financing . planned to enroll about 5000 patients ; a total of 3873 were randomly assigned and 3761 were included in analyses . all , 51 patients had a gastrointestinal event ; the event rate was 1.1 % with omeprazole and 2.9 % with placebo at 180 days ( hazard ratio with omeprazole , 0.34 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.18 to 0.63 ; P < 0.001 ) . rate of overt upper gastrointestinal bleeding was also reduced with omeprazole as compared with placebo ( hazard ratio , 0.13 ; 95 % CI , 0.03 to 0.56 ; P = 0.001 ) . total of 109 patients had a cardiovascular event , with event rates of 4.9 % with omeprazole and 5.7 % with placebo ( hazard ratio with omeprazole , 0.99 ; 95 % CI , 0.68 to 1.44 ; P = 0.96 ) ; high-risk subgroups did not show significant heterogeneity . two groups did not differ significantly in the rate of serious adverse events , though the risk of diarrhea was increased with omeprazole . patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel , prophylactic use of a PPI reduced the rate of upper gastrointestinal bleeding . was no apparent cardiovascular interaction between clopidogrel and omeprazole , but our results do not rule out a clinically meaningful difference in cardiovascular events due to use of a PPI . Funded by Cogentus Pharmaceuticals ; ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00557921 . )"
3256,Abstract #3256,"develop a pain relief model for a cyclooxygenase ( COX ) -2 inhibitor , CS-706 , that permits prediction of doses for acute pain relief in Japanese and Western populations . categorical response model was developed to describe the probability of pain relief ( PR ) over time for a Phase 2a study . were also developed to describe patient 's use of rescue medication and onset of pain relief . placebo response was described by a first-order increase in PR that achieved a stable response after 4 h. effect of CS-706 on PR was described using an E ( max ) model ; the plasma concentration of CS-706 producing 50 % of the maximum response was estimated to be 87 ng ml ( -1 ) , the median peak plasma concentration achieved after a 50-mg oral dose . probability of rescue medication ( REMD ) decreased over time and was a function of the last observed PR score . probability was < 16 % for patients with a PR score > or = 2 . probability of experiencing meaningful PR was 98 % in patients who did not require REMD and 47 % in those who required REMD . patients who did not require REMD , the median onset time of meaningful pain relief ( TMPR ) decreased with increasing doses . patients who required REMD , there was a saturable decline in TMPR , with the greatest improvement occurring from placebo to 50-mg doses . set of models developed permitted compilation of multiple dose-response curves for dose selection of CS-706 in Westerners and facilitated scaling of doses to a Japanese population ."
3257,Abstract #3257,"role of adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids and choleretics after Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia ( BA ) remains uncertain . with a novel postoperative adjuvant therapy regimen is reported . 1994 and 2006 , 71 infants with BA were referred . died from uncorrectable congenital heart disease/cardiorespiratory failure without undergoing portoenterostomy , 7 underwent primary liver transplantation ( 3 referred > or = 19 weeks of age ) , and 60 underwent portoenterostomy at a median of 51 ( 10-104 ) days . these , 55 ( 92 % ) had type 3 BA and 6 had the BA splenic malformation syndrome . ( 83 % ) received the following adjuvant therapy beginning on postoperative day 5 : oral dexamethasone 0.3 mg/kg bd for 5 days , 0.2 mg/kg bd for 5 days , and 0.1 mg/kg bd for 5 days together with oral ursodeoxycholic acid 5 mg/kg bd and phenobarbitone 5 mg/kg nocte , both of which were continued for 1 year . infants received routine perioperative prophylactic antibiotics . , 42 of 60 ( 70 % ) infants cleared their jaundice ( bilirubin < 20 micromol/L ) : 38 of 50 ( 76 % ) with the dexamethasone/ursodeoxycholic acid regimen compared with 4 of 10 ( 40 % ) not receiving this adjuvant treatment . were 4 late deaths after portoenterostomy : 2 from associated congenital disorders and 2 after liver transplantation . the remaining 56 children , 39 ( 70 % ) are currently alive with their native liver at a median follow-up of 3.3 years and 17 are alive after liver transplantation . complications occurred in 3 after portoenterostomy : adhesive bowel obstruction ( 2 ) and an anastomotic leak . infant had gastrointestinal bleeding that may have been related to dexamethasone , but this resolved with ranitidine . were no perioperative septic complications . this series , adjuvant postoperative treatment with a short course of oral dexamethasone and longer-term ursodeoxycholic acid significantly improved the outcome after Kasai portoenterostomy ."
3258,Abstract #3258,"monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) treatment are only effective in patients with KRAS wild type tumours . we assess the predictive value of other potential relevant markers involved in the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) signalling pathways for response to cetuximab-based treatment . paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer tissue of the primary tumour was obtained from 559 mCRC patients treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab with or without cetuximab ( phase III CAIRO2 study ) . was isolated for mutation analysis of BRAF ( V600E ) , KRAS ( codon 12 and 13 ) and PIK3CA ( exon 9 and 20 ) . microarray 's ( TMA 's ) were constructed for the assessment of EGFR and HER2 gene copy number ( GCN ) , and EGFR and PTEN protein expression . results of these markers , individually or in combination , were correlated with progression-free survival ( PFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) in the subgroup of patients with a KRAS wild type tumour treated in the cetuximab-arm . wild type patients treated without cetuximab were used as a control group . total of 208 tumours ( 39.4 % ) contained a KRAS mutation , 8.7 % a BRAF mutation and 9.9 % a PIK3CA mutation . of PTEN expression and the presence EGFR protein expression were observed in 42.0 % and 61.7 % of the samples , respectively . increased EGFR GCN was observed in 15.3 % of the samples , and 11.5 % of the evaluable samples contained an increased HER2 GCN . KRAS wild type patients treated with cetuximab a BRAF mutation was significantly and independently associated with PFS and OS . patients treated without cetuximab the PFS and OS were also associated with the BRAF genotype . prognostic or predictive value was observed for any of the other markers when tested individually or in combination . genotype is correlated with PFS and OS in KRAS wild type mCRC patients , which is independent of cetuximab treatment . mutation , loss of PTEN expression , EGFR GCN and HER2 GCN have no predictive value for response to treatment with cetuximab , neither individually nor in combination with other markers ."
3259,Abstract #3259,"older adults with dementia will be cared for by primary care physicians , but the primary care practice environment presents important challenges to providing quality care . test the effectiveness of a collaborative care model to improve the quality of care for patients with Alzheimer disease . clinical trial of 153 older adults with Alzheimer disease and their caregivers who were randomized by physician to receive collaborative care management ( n = 84 ) or augmented usual care ( n = 69 ) at primary care practices within 2 US university-affiliated health care systems from January 2002 through August 2004 . patients ( identified via screening or medical record ) met diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease and had a self-identified caregiver . patients received 1 year of care management by an interdisciplinary team led by an advanced practice nurse working with the patient 's family caregiver and integrated within primary care . team used standard protocols to initiate treatment and identify , monitor , and treat behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia , stressing nonpharmacological management . Inventory ( NPI ) administered at baseline and at 6 , 12 , and 18 months . outcomes included the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia ( CSDD ) , cognition , activities of daily living , resource use , and caregiver 's depression severity . by caregivers ' reports , 89 % of intervention patients triggered at least 1 protocol for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia with a mean of 4 per patient from a total of 8 possible protocols . patients were more likely to receive cholinesterase inhibitors ( 79.8 % vs 55.1 % ; P = .002 ) and antidepressants ( 45.2 % vs 27.5 % ; P = .03 ) . patients had significantly fewer behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia as measured by the total NPI score at 12 months ( mean difference , -5.6 ; P = .01 ) and at 18 months ( mean difference , -5.4 ; P = .01 ) . caregivers also reported significant improvements in distress as measured by the caregiver NPI at 12 months ; at 18 months , caregivers showed improvement in depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 . group differences were found on the CSDD , cognition , activities of daily living , or on rates of hospitalization , nursing home placement , or death . care for the treatment of Alzheimer disease resulted in significant improvement in the quality of care and in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia among primary care patients and their caregivers . improvements were achieved without significantly increasing the use of antipsychotics or sedative-hypnotics . Identifier : NCT00246896 ."
3260,Abstract #3260,"purpose of this prospective , randomized , cross-over study was to investigate and compare the microcirculatory effects of timolol , dorzolamide and latanoprost in newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) patients . were assessed using fluorescein angiography by means of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope ( SLO ) . function and visual field indices were evaluated during all drug treatment phases . patients with newly diagnosed POAG ( age 55 + / - 7 years ; 10 male , four female ) were recruited for the study . baseline examination , blood pressure , heart rate , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , SLO angiograms , and contrast sensitivity ( CS ) were analysed . then randomly received timolol , dorzolamide or latanoprost treatment for 4 weeks . then returned and all procedures were repeated and assessed . passage times ( AVPs ) , peripapillary arterial and venous diameters were assessed from SLO angiograms , using digital image processing . ocular perfusion pressure was determined for each treatment phase . pressure was significantly lowered by each drug compared to baseline ( p < 0.0001 ) . passage times were significantly shortened after dorzolamide application compared to baseline ( p = 0.009 ) , whereas neither timolol nor latanoprost treatment resulted in significant AVP changes . arterial and venous diameters , systolic and diastolic blood pressure , heart rate and ocular perfusion pressures were not significantly altered during any treatment phase . sensitivity testing at 6 cycles/degree ( c.p.d. ) revealed a significant rise after dorzolamide compared to timolol ( p = 0.007 ) . results suggest that dorzolamide treatment significantly shortened AVP times in newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma patients , whereas timolol and latanoprost had no significant effect . that prolonged AVP times have been associated with disease progression in glaucoma ; dorzolamide treatment may benefit optic nervehead preservation by increasing ocular perfusion ."
3261,Abstract #3261,"study aimed to determine whether ( 1 ) initial and/or ( 2 ) changes in psychosocial functioning predict body mass index ( BMI ) z-score change over 4 years in overweight/mildly obese 5 - to 9-year old children presenting to primary care . participants ( n = 258 ) were overweight/mildly obese children ( IOTF criteria ) recruited into the LEAP2 trial ( ISRCTN52511065 ) from 3,958 children visiting general practitioners in Melbourne , Australia from May 2005 to July 2006 . were change scores calculated from repeated measures of parent - and child-reported child health-related quality of life ( PedsQL ) and self-esteem ; child-reported desire to be thinner ; and parent-reported child weight concern . was measured BMI z-score change from baseline to 4 years . 189 respondents ( 61 % female ; 73 % retention ) showed little mean change in BMI z-score ( -0.08 ) but wide variation ( standard deviation 0.50 , range -1.32 to 1.20 ) . one baseline measure ( better parent-reported PedsQL School Functioning ) predicted improving BMI z-score . , parents and children consistently reported that changes in psychosocial functioning ( i.e. , PedsQL Social and Global Self-esteem ) were inversely related to BMI z-score change scores . strongest predictors of decreases in BMI z-scores were changes in child-reported body-image variables , i.e. , improvements in Physical Appearance Self-esteem ( = 0.40 , 95 % CI -0.98 to -0.15 , P < 0.01 ) and declines in Desire to be Thinner ( = 0.33 , 95 % CI 0.04 to 0.23 , P < 0.01 ) . presentation to primary care , it seems unlikely that targeting the psychosocial factors measured in this study would influence BMI z-score change in overweight/mildly obese children . change in psychosocial well-being covaries with BMI z-score change and may have important adolescent ramifications ; the causal directions for these associations require further research ."
3262,Abstract #3262,"2008 , the Japanese government implemented a program of health lifestyle interventions to reduce health care expenditure . study evaluated whether these interventions decreased health care expenditures . study enrolled 99 participants insured by Japanese National Health Insurance , who , in our previous study conducted in 2004 , were allocated by random sampling into an intervention group ( 50 participants ) and a control group ( 49 participants ) . the intervention group , we used a health support method that facilitated the attainment of goals established by each participant . control group received instruction in exercise , as well as health support using publically available media . 3 participants in the intervention group and 9 participants in the control group did not participate in a follow-up health examination 1 year after the intervention , the health care expenditures of all initial participants were assessed . before and after the intervention were compared within and between groups . on health care expenditures were obtained from inpatient , outpatient , pharmacy , and dental health insurance claims . the intervention , the pharmacy and dental expenditures were significantly higher in the intervention group , while the pharmacy expenditure was significantly higher in the control group . , there was no significant difference in any medical expenditure item between the intervention and control groups before or after the intervention . significant differences were observed in short-term medical expenses for any medical expenditure item after a lifestyle intervention ."
3263,Abstract #3263,"i ) To evaluate the prevalence of alcohol use disorders , and at risk-drinking among outpatients admitted to the Division of Psychiatry , University of Cagliari , Italy , for mood disorders , and ( ii ) to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires used . patients affected by mood disorders answered to the questions of ( i ) The NIAAA Guide for identification of at-risk drinking , ( ii ) AUDIT questionnaire , ( iii ) The CAGE questionnaire and , ( iv ) SCID-I application forms for mood and alcohol use disorders . subjects ( 25 % ) met the criteria for alcohol use disorders according to SCID-I ; 17 ( 30.4 % ) achieved a score > or = 1 in CAGE questionnaire ; 12 ( 21.4 % ) reached AUDIT scores of > or = 8 and 4 for men and women , respectively ; 12 ( 21.4 % ) provided positive answers to NIAAA Guide . these prevalence rates , no diagnosis of alcohol use disorders had previously been registered in their medical records . CAGE questionnaire achieved the highest values of sensitivity and specificity in detecting alcohol use disorders tested against that of the SCID-I . use disorders and at-risk drinking are frequent in patients affected by mood disorders , although often underestimated ; this underestimation was virtually absolute in the sample of patients investigated . of the CAGE questionnaire plus the first questions in the NIAAA Guide may be an effective tool for use in the identification of psychiatric patients with possible alcohol use disorders or at-risk drinking ."
3264,Abstract #3264,"information is available on the cost-effectiveness of postoperative patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) . present study compared PCA to continuous infusion by elastomeric pump . ASA 1 or 2 patients undergoing major gynecologic surgery were enrolled for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and costs derived from intravenous PCA with metamizole and tramadol compared to continuous infusion of the same analgesic solution by elastomeric pump in the 48 hours following surgery . satisfaction and side effects were also recorded . analgesic effectiveness and side effects of the 2 regimens were similar , although 61 % of patients in the elastomeric pump group needed morphine for rescue analgesia compared to 33 % in the PCA group ( P < .05 ) . the PCA group , 81 % of the patients said they would repeat the analgesic treatment compared to only 56 % in the elastomeric pump group ( P = .05 ) . mean number of nursing interventions was 16 for the PCA group and 19 for the elastomeric pump group . mean cost of the treatment ( not including the PCA pump , provided by the manufacturer ) was Euros 41.35 for the PCA group and Euros 56.22 for the elastomeric pump group . analgesic efficacy of the 2 regimens was similar . , patient satisfaction was greater with PCA and use of an elastomeric pump was more expensive . the setting of the present study , postoperative PCA proved to be more advantageous than continuous elastomeric pump infusion ."
3265,Abstract #3265,"assess antitumor activity and safety of two regimens in advanced colorectal cancer ( CRC ) patients with proven fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) resistance in a randomized phase II study : 5-FU/folinic acid ( FA ) combined with alternating irinotecan ( also called CPT-11 ) and oxaliplatin ( FC/FO tritherapy ) , and an oxaliplatin/irinotecan ( OC ) combination . patients were treated : arm FC/FO ( 32 patients ) received , every 4 weeks , FA 200 mg/m ( 2 ) followed by a 400-mg/m ( 2 ) 5-FU bolus injection , then a 600-mg/m ( 2 ) continuous infusion of 5-FU on days 1 and 2 every 2 weeks administered alternately with irinotecan ( 180 mg/m ( 2 ) on day 1 ) and oxaliplatin ( 85 mg/m ( 2 ) on day 15 ) . OC ( 30 patients ) received oxaliplatin 85 mg/m ( 2 ) and irinotecan 200 mg/m ( 2 ) every 3 weeks . an intent-to-treat analysis , two partial responses lasting 10.7 and 16 months were observed with the tritherapy regimen , and seven ( median duration , 11 months ; range , 10.6 to 11.4 months ) were observed with the bitherapy regimen . progression-free and overall survival times were 8.2 and 9.8 months , respectively , in the FC/FO arm and 8.5 and 12.3 months , respectively , in the OC arm . grade 3/4 toxicities were , respectively , neutropenia , 53 % and 47 % ; febrile neutropenia , 13 % and 3 % ; diarrhea , 19 % and 10 % ; vomiting , 6 % and 13 % ; and neurosensory toxicity , 3 % and 3 % . treatment-related deaths occurred . every-3-weeks OC combination is safe and active in advanced 5-FU-resistant CRC patients . lower activity data seen with the tritherapy regimen may be related to the lower dose intensities of irinotecan and oxaliplatin in this schedule ."
3266,Abstract #3266,"risk factor precursors of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD ) are expressed in children and adolescents and development of coronary atherosclerosis in adulthood . pediatric subjects have inherited disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia ( FH ) , familial combined hyperlipidemia , hyperapobetalipoproteinemia , and the metabolic syndrome , which often lead to more marked elevations in plasma low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) levels , placing them at increased risk of premature ASCVD . aim of this report was to examine available data on the safety and efficacy of treatment of children and adolescents with elevated LDL-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) . of adolescents with elevated LDL-C levels of 130 mg/dL , randomized to an intervention group receiving a stricter Step Two diet , produced a significantly greater fall in LDL-C than those randomized to the usual care group after three years of follow-up in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children ( DISC ) . were no differences between the intervention and usual care groups in growth and development after either 3 or 7 years of follow-up . the Lovastatin in Adolescent Males Study ( LAMS ) , 132 boys aged 10 to 17 years with heterozygous FH were randomized into a placebo group or a group receiving up to 40 mg/day of lovastatin . treatment group had up to a 27 % reduction in LDL-C , compared with the placebo group and there were no differences in growth , sexual maturation , hormone or biochemical levels . studies are required to assess further the safety of such treatments , and whether treatment will delay the early expression of atherosclerosis such as intima media thickness and endothelial dysfunction ."
3267,Abstract #3267,"study the mechanism of Tongbu No. 1 ( TB1 , a prescription for reinforcing Kidney and Spleen , clearing up the bowel viscera to send Turbid downward and regulating Qi and blood ) in retarding aging . controlled , multiple indexes study was conducted in 56 old subjects randomized into 3 groups . ( containing ginseng leaf , cistanche , fleeceflower root , immature bitter orange , rhubarb , etc ) could improve various symptoms of aging , and had the effect in regulating immune and endocrinal function , scavenging free radicals and adjusting coli flora . effects of TB1 and TB2 ( containing ginseng leaf , cistanche and fleeceflower root ) were different significantly ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . has a good comprehensive effect in retarding aging ."
3268,Abstract #3268,"healing disorders after vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass graft surgery increase morbidity and lower patient satisfaction . shock wave therapy ( SWT ) reportedly improves healing of diabetic and vascular ulcers by overexpression of vascular endothelial growth fractor and downregulation of necrosis factor kappaB . this study , we investigate whether prophylactic low-energy SWT improves wound healing after vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass graft surgery . hundred consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly assigned to either prophylactic low-energy SWT ( n = 50 ) or control ( n = 50 ) . SWT was applied to the site of vein harvesting after wound closure under sterile conditions using a commercially available SWT system ( Dermagold ; Tissue Regeneration Technologies , Woodstock , GA ) . total of 25 impulses ( 0.1 mJ/mm ( 2 ) ; 5 Hz ) were applied per centimeter wound length . healing was evaluated and quantified using the ASEPSIS score . ASEPSIS stands for Additional treatment , presence of Serous discharge , Erythema , Purulent exudate , Separation of the deep tissue , Isolation of bacteria , and duration of inpatient Stay ) . demographics , operative data , and postoperative adverse events were monitored . characteristics and operative data including wound length ( SWT 39 + / - 13 cm versus control 37 + / - 11 cm , p = 0.342 ) were comparable between the two groups . observed lower ASEPSIS scores indicating improved wound healing in the SWT group ( 4.4 + / - 5.3 ) compared with the control group ( 11.6 + / - 8.3 , p = 0.0001 ) . , we observed a higher incidence of wound healing disorders necessitating antibiotic treatment in the control group ( 22 % ) as compared with the SWT group ( 4 % , p = 0.015 ) . SWT-associated adverse events were observed in the treatment group . shown in this prospective randomized study , prophylactic application of low-energy SWT improves wound healing after vein harvesting for coronary artery bypass graft surgery ."
3269,Abstract #3269,"summarize the design and methodology of a large-scale trial in southern China , the Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention ( ZAP ) trial . trial will determine if laser iridotomy ( LI ) is superior to no treatment for managing Chinese people who are Primary Angle Closure Suspects ( PACS ) . this trial , PACS was defined as having 6 or more clock hours of angle circumference in which the pigmented trabecular meshwork was not visible under static gonioscopy in both eyes without elevated intraocular pressure , peripheral anterior synechiae or glaucomatous neuropathy . were recruited from an urban district in Guangzhou . target sample size was 870 . 50 years of age and older with 20/40 or better vision in both eyes identified as having 6 or more clock hours of angle circumference in which the pigmented trabecular meshwork was not visible under static gonioscopy in both eyes were enrolled . subject was randomized to undergo LI in one eye with the fellow eye left untreated . up is planned for a minimum period of 3 years . examination included tonometry , limbal chamber depth grading , gonioscopy , fundus photography , anterior segment coherence tomography , ultrasound A scan , ultrasound biomicroscopy , specular microscopy and dark room provocative testing . for the study include developing elevated intraocular pressure , peripheral anterior synechiae or experiencing acute primary angle closure . ZAP trial will determine if LI is safe and effective at preventing pathological angle closure in asymptomatic eyes with narrow angle configurations on gonioscopy . will also provide data on what happens to untreated eyes in PACSs . collected at baseline will also help identify those at high risk for developing primary angle closure and primary angle closure glaucoma ."
3270,Abstract #3270,"evaluate the effects of clopidogrel on clinical and clinicopathologic variables in healthy horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia . adult mares . were assigned with a randomization procedure to receive clopidogrel ( 4 mg/kg , once , then 2 mg/kg , q 24 h ; n = 6 ) or a placebo ( 6 ) through a nasogastric tube . 72 hours of treatment , horses received lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ; 30 ng/kg , IV ) . rate , respiratory rate , rectal temperature , CBC variables , plasma fibrinogen concentration , serum tumor necrosis factor - concentration , plasma von Willebrand factor concentration , and measures of platelet activation ( including ADP - and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and closure times , thrombelastography variables , and results of flow cytometric detection of platelet membrane P-selectin , phosphatidylserine , and microparticles ) were determined at various times before and after LPS administration by investigators unaware of the treatment groups . analyses were performed with repeated-measures ANOVA . of 6 clopidogrel-treated horses had significant decreases in ADP-induced platelet aggregation before and after LPS administration . rate increased significantly after LPS administration only for the placebo group . significant differences were detected between groups for CBC variables , closure time , and plasma concentration of fibrinogen or serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor - , and no clinically relevant differences were detected for other hemostatic variables . this study , administration of LPS did not induce platelet hyperreactivity in horses on the basis of measures of platelet adhesion , aggregation , degranulation , and procoagulant activity . of clopidogrel was associated with variable platelet antiaggregatory activity and attenuated some clinical signs of endotoxemia ."
3271,Abstract #3271,"assess the recovery room profile of propofol in outpatient anesthesia and to compare it to the profile of a standard technique . comparative , randomized , double-blind , third-party open study . Surgery Center at The Emory Clinic . ASA physical status I , II , or III nonpregnant female patients who had been diagnosed as needing breast biopsies . patients were given 1 microgram/kg of fentanyl prior to induction . in the propofol group were induced with 2.0 to 2.5 mg/kg of propofol and maintained with a 100 to 200 microgram/kg/min infusion of propofol with nitrous oxide ( N2O ) in oxygen ( O2 ) . the thiopental sodium-isoflurane group , patients were induced with 4.0 to 5.0 mg/kg of thiopental sodium and maintained with isoflurane and N2O in O2 . from anesthesia was assessed by an evaluator who was unaware of the anesthetic technique used for each patient . recovery time was measured in terms of awakening , response to verbal command , and orientation to time and place . brief postoperative follow-up questionnaire was completed to assess the patients ' subjective feelings regarding their ability to eat , concentrate , and resume normal activities . the thiopental sodium-isoflurane group , 15 of 50 patients ( 30 % ) had nausea and vomiting , but in the propofol group , only 4 of 49 patients ( 8.1 % ) had nausea and vomiting ( p less than 0.01 ) . latter group resumed normal activity ( i.e. , reading and watching television ) 7.93 + / - 0.76 hours postanesthesia , whereas the thiopental sodium-isoflurane group resumed normal activity 17.02 + / - 1.21 hours postanesthesia ( p less than 0.001 ) . in the propofol group returned to work in an average of 1.5 + / - 0.09 days , compared with 2.0 + / - 0.09 days for the thiopental sodium-isoflurane group ( p less than 0.001 ) . propofol group needed less nursing care and returned to more productive activity earlier than did the thiopental sodium-isoflurane group ."
3272,Abstract #3272,"obesity is a common and serious health problem affecting more than 5 million young people in the United States alone . surgery is being evaluated as a possible treatment option . adjustable gastric banding ( gastric banding ) has the potential to provide a safe and effective treatment . compare the outcomes of gastric banding with an optimal lifestyle program on adolescent obesity . prospective , randomized controlled trial of 50 adolescents between 14 and 18 years with a body mass index ( BMI ) higher than 35 , recruited from the Melbourne , Australia , community , assigned either to a supervised lifestyle intervention or to undergo gastric banding , and followed up for 2 years . study was performed between May 2005 and September 2008 . loss . outcomes included change in metabolic syndrome , insulin resistance , quality of life , and adverse outcomes . of 25 patients in the gastric banding group and 18 of 25 in lifestyle group completed the study . ( 84 % ) in the gastric banding and 3 ( 12 % ) in the lifestyle groups lost more than 50 % of excess weight , corrected for age . , the mean changes in the gastric banding group were a weight loss of 34.6 kg ( 95 % CI , 30.2-39 .0 ) , representing an excess weight loss of 78.8 % ( 95 % CI , 66.6 % -91.0 % ) , 12.7 BMI units ( 95 % CI , 11.3-14 .2 ) , and a BMI z score change from 2.39 ( 95 % CI , 2.05-2 .73 ) to 1.32 ( 95 % CI , 0.98-1 .66 ) . mean losses in the lifestyle group were 3.0 kg ( 95 % CI , 2.1-8 .1 ) , representing excess weight loss of 13.2 % ( 95 % CI , 2.6 % -21.0 % ) , 1.3 BMI units ( 95 % CI , 0.4-2 .9 ) , and a BMI z score change from 2.41 ( 95 % CI , 2.21-2 .66 ) to 2.26 ( 95 % CI , 1.91-2 .43 ) . entry , 9 participants ( 36 % ) in the gastric banding group and 10 ( 40 % ) in the lifestyle group had the metabolic syndrome . 24 months , none of the gastric banding group had the metabolic syndrome ( P = .008 ; McNemar chi ( 2 ) ) compared with 4 of the 18 completers ( 22 % ) in the lifestyle group ( P = .13 ) . gastric banding group experienced improved quality of life with no perioperative adverse events . , 8 operations ( 33 % ) were required in 7 patients for revisional procedures either for proximal pouch dilatation or tubing injury during follow-up . obese adolescent participants , use of gastric banding compared with lifestyle intervention resulted in a greater percentage achieving a loss of 50 % of excess weight , corrected for age . were associated benefits to health and quality of life . Identifier : 12605000160639 ."
3273,Abstract #3273,"upper small bowel is of pivotal importance for the stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion in response to a meal . hypothesize that more distal delivery of nutrients into the small intestine will result in less activation of pancreatic secretion . healthy subjects ( 3 male , 5 female ; age 23 + / - 1 years ) participated in two experiments , performed in random order . were intubated with a 4-lumen tube . outputs of pancreatic enzymes and bilirubin were measured by aspiration using a recovery marker . distal opening was used for continuous administration of a mixed liquid meal and located at either the ligament of Treitz or 60 cm further distally . volume was measured and blood samples were drawn for determination of gastrointestinal hormones . duration of each experiment was 4 h ; with 1 h fasting and 3 h continuous administration of nutrients . proximal jejunal feeding , pancreatic enzyme output increased significantly over basal levels . significant increase over basal levels was observed during distal jejunal feeding . output and gallbladder contraction were significantly ( P < 0.05 ) reduced during distal compared to proximal jejunal feeding . significant differences were found in plasma levels of CCK , PYY and neurotensin between proximal and distal jejunal feeding . feeding in the distal jejunum does not stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion but maintains gallbladder contraction , although to a lesser extent . effects are not related to hormonal changes but probably reduced activation of the enteropancreatic reflexes ."
3274,Abstract #3274,"hyperglycemia is emerging as a cardiovascular risk factor and may be elevated despite a hemoglobin A1C ( A1C ) of < 7 % . Simple Start DVD ( LifeScan , Milpitas , CA ) was developed to educate patients about glycemic targets and dietary changes that could lessen glycemic excursions . evaluated SimpleStart in a controlled , randomized , prospective trial using continuous glucose monitoring ( CGM ) . subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus having an A1C of < 7.0 % ( mean 6.0 % ) were recruited from the Center 's population . were randomized to either Simple Start DVD presentation and a 30-min diet education course ( SS Group ) or just the latter ( Control Group ) . were seen at baseline and during weeks 6 and 12 by an investigator . and medication changes were advised based on history and self-monitored blood glucose downloaded meter data . and A1C were done at baseline and during weeks 6 and 12 . subjects completed the 12-week study with 14 subjects in the SS Group and Control Group being compared . was no significant difference in the baseline or subsequent A1C levels or overall CGM glucose values between groups or over time . frequency was significantly increased in the SS Group from < 1.0 per day to 2.0 per day ( P < 0.001 ) . week 12 , the mean glucose for the 4-h after-meal period was significantly lower in the SS Group than in the Control Group at breakfast and lunch in those subjects with adequate CGM tracings ( P < 0.05 ) . educational program incorporating Simple Start facilitates patient behavioral changes , decreasing post-meal hyperglycemia ."
3275,Abstract #3275,"assess the effect of one-on-one peer support at enhancing self-efficacy and decreasing depression in older men treated by radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer . weeks after surgery , 72 men ( M ( age ) = 60 ) were randomly assigned to a treatment ( n = 37 ) or control group ( n = 35 ) . group participants were paired to form dyads with a trained support partner who had similar treatment and related side effects ; control group participants received usual health care . met 8 times over 8 weeks to discuss concerns and coping strategies . posttest , the treatment group had significantly higher self-efficacy than the controls ( M = 328.89 and M = 304.54 , respectively ) and significantly less depression ( M = 0.92 and M = 2.49 , respectively ) . outcomes remained significant when controlling baseline self-efficacy and social support ( F = 4.845 , p = .032 ) . confirm pilot study results and are theoretically consistent with the self-efficacy enhancing nature of vicarious experience described by Bandura in self-efficacy theory ."
3276,Abstract #3276,"assess the accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis . prospective randomized study was carried in the Dept. of Radiology and Imaging , Tribhuvan University , Teaching Hospital , Maharajgunj , Kathmandu , Nepal . total of 120 patients , who were clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis were subjected to ultrasonography of the abdomen . detailed ultrasonography was performed and the findings were recorded . one cases had alternate diagnosis . nine cases ultimately underwent laparotomy and the retrieved appendices were sent for histopathological examination . , histopathological and ultrasonographic diagnoses were then statistically analyzed . , intra-operative and histopathological findings were statistically insignificant ( P0 .05 ) . sensitivity , specificity , positive predictive value , negative predictive value and accuracy percentage of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was 85.7 % , 100 % , 100 % , 6.7 % and 85.9 % respectively . has a high degree of accuracy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis . , the diagnosis should be considered with the diameter of appendix over 6 mm . acute appendicitis with diameter of appendix having less than 6 mm should be evaluated with other diagnostic parameters ."
3277,Abstract #3277,"objective of this study is to examine the effects of acute ingestion of dietary nitrate on endurance running performance in highly trained cross-country skiers . nitrate has been shown to reduce the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise and improve tolerance of high-intensity exercise , but it is not known if this holds true for highly trained endurance athletes . male junior cross-country skiers ( VO ( 2max ) ) 70 mLkgmin ) each completed two trials in a randomized , double-blind design . ingested potassium nitrate ( 614-mg nitrate ) or a nitrate-free placebo 2.5 h before two 5-min submaximal tests on a treadmill at 10 kmh ( 55 % of VO ( 2max ) ) and 14 kmh ( 75 % of VO ( 2max ) ) , followed by a 5-km running time trial on an indoor track . nitrite concentrations were higher after nitrate supplementation ( 325 95 nmolL ) compared with placebo ( 143 59 nmolL , P < 0.001 ) . was no significant difference in 5-km time-trial performance between nitrate ( 1005 53 s ) and placebo treatments ( 996 49 s , P = 0.12 ) . oxygen cost of submaximal running was not significantly different between placebo and nitrate trials at 10 kmh ( both 2.84 0.34 Lmin ) and 14 kmh ( 3.89 0.39 vs. 3.77 0.62 Lmin ) . ingestion of dietary nitrate may not represent an effective strategy for reducing the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise or for enhancing endurance exercise performance in highly trained cross-country skiers ."
3278,Abstract #3278,"this study was to compare the effect of the following antihistamines : cetirizine 10mg , desloratadine 5mg , fexofenadine 120 and 180mg , levocetirizine 5mg , loratadine 10mg , and placebo , administered in the recommended doses over the period of 5 days , on the visually assessed histamine-induced skin reaction , using the Laser Doppler flowmetry ( LDF ) . two volunteers ( aged 18-22 ) who gave a written consent before entering the study , were randomized in seven groups of six subjects each . skin prick test with histamine solution of 10mg/ml was performed on the ventral forearm , 10 cm from the elbow , before and at 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 18 , and 24 hours after drug administration , as well as once daily for the next 4 days of antihistamine drug or placebo intake , and 9 days following the treatment . of wheal and flare as well as the LDF index measured with Periflux PF3 flowmeter and skin probe , 5mm from the histamine-provoked area , were assessed 10 minutes after performing the above-mentioned skin prick test . current study revealed that during the 5-day treatment with recommended doses of cetirizine , desloratadine , fexofenadine , levocetirizine , and loratadine , a significant reduction of histamine-induced wheal , flare and the LDF index was observed as compared to the initial values and placebo intake , reaching the maximum value within the first 24 hours , weakening on the next day , and then gradually increasing during the following days . the 5-day treatment drugs used for the study were lined up according to the volume of reduction in histamine-induced skin reaction ( largest > smallest ) : levocetirizine > cetirizine > fexofenadine 180mg = fexofenadine 120mg > loratadine = desloratadine . the end of the treatment , the effect of the antihistamines on skin reaction was subsiding in such an order : after 24 hours in case of loratadine and desloratadine , after two days for both doses of fexofenadine , and 3-4 days for cetirizine and levocetirizine ."
3279,Abstract #3279,"impedance ( Zva ) is a measure of global ( combined valvular and arterial ) load opposing left ventricular ( LV ) ejection in aortic stenosis ( AS ) . present study identified covariates and tested the prognostic significance of global LV load in patients with asymptomatic AS . patients with mild-moderate , asymptomatic AS in the Simvastatin Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis ( SEAS ) study were followed for a mean of 4314 months during randomized , placebo-controlled treatment with combined simvastatin 40 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg daily . global LV load was defined as Zva > 5 mm Hg/ml/m2 . impact of baseline global LV load on rate of major cardiovascular ( CV ) events , aortic valve events and total mortality was assessed in Cox regression models reporting hazard ratio ( HR ) and 95 % Confidence Intervals ( CI ) . global LV load was found in 18 % ( n = 252 ) of patients and associated with female gender , higher age , hypertension , more severe AS and lower ejection fraction ( all p < 0.05 ) . total of 476 major CV events , 444 aortic valve events and 132 deaths occurred during follow-up . multivariate Cox regression analyses , high global LV load predicted higher rate of major CV events ( HR 1.35 [ 95 % CI 1.08-1 .71 ] , P = 0.010 ) and aortic valve events ( HR 1.41 [ 95 % CI 1.12-1 .79 ] , P = 0.004 ) independent of hypertension , LV ejection fraction , female gender , age , abnormal LV geometry and AS severity , but failed to predict mortality . asymptomatic AS , assessment of global LV load adds complementary information on prognosis to that provided by hypertension or established prognosticators like AS severity and LV ejection fraction ."
3280,Abstract #3280,"is part of the antioxidant defence system in animals and humans . available selenium concentration in soil is low in many regions of the world . purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic versus inorganic selenium supplementation on selenium status of ewes , their lambs , and slaughter lambs . on four organic farms were allocated five or six to 18 pens . ewes were given either 20 mg/kg inorganic selenium as sodium selenite or organic selenium as selenized nonviable yeast supplementation for the two last months of pregnancy . selenium concentrations in the rations were below 0.40 mg/kg dry matter . addition 20 male lambs were given supplements from November until they were slaughtered in March . , hay , concentrates , and individual ewe blood samples were taken before and after the mineral supplementation period , and blood samples were taken from the newborn lambs . samples from ewes and lambs in the same pens were pooled . samples were taken from slaughter lambs in March . concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with a hydride generator system . the ANOVA model , selenium concentration was the continuous response variable , and selenium source and farm were the nominal effect variables . t-test was used to compare selenium concentrations in muscle samples from the slaughtered lambs that received either organic or inorganic selenium supplements . all ewe pens the whole blood selenium concentrations increased during the experimental period . addition , ewe pens that received organic selenium had significantly higher whole blood selenium concentrations ( mean 0.28 microg/g ) than ewe pens that received inorganic selenium ( mean 0.24 microg/g ) . prominent , however , was the difference in their lambs ; whole blood mean selenium concentration in lambs from mothers that received organic selenium ( mean 0.27 microg/g ) was 30 % higher than in lambs from mothers that received inorganic selenium ( mean 0.21 microg/g ) . lambs that received organic selenium had 50 % higher meat selenium concentrations ( mean 0.12 mg/kg wet weight ) than lambs that received inorganic selenium ( mean 0.08 mg/kg wet weight ) . selenium supplementation gave higher selenium concentration in ewe and newborn lamb blood and slaughter lamb meat than inorganic selenium supplementation ."
3281,Abstract #3281,"long term results and patterns of failure in patients with squamous cell head and neck carcinoma ( SCHNC ) treated in a prospective randomized trial in which concomitant postoperative radiochemotherapy with Mitomycin C and Bleomycin ( CRT ) was compared with radiotherapy only ( RT ) , were analyzed . March 1997 and December 2001 , 114 eligible patients with Stage III or IV SCHNC were randomized . surgical treatment was performed with curative intent in all patients . in both groups were postoperatively irradiated to the total dose of 56-70 Gy . included Mitomycin C 15 mg/m2 after 10 Gy and 5 mg of Bleomycin twice weekly during irradiation . follow-up was 76 months ( 48-103 months ) . 5 years in the RT and CRT arms , the locoregional control was 65 % and 88 % ( p = 0.026 ) , disease-free survival 33 % and 53 % ( p = 0.035 ) , and overall survival 37 % and 55 % ( p = 0.091 ) respectively . who benefited from chemotherapy were those with high-risk factors . probability of distant metastases was 22 % in RT and 20 % in CRT arm ( p = 0.913 ) , of grade III or higher late toxicity 19 % in RT and 26 % in CRT arm ( p = 0.52 ) and of thyroid dysfunction 36 % in RT and 56 % in CRT arm ( p = 0.24 ) . probability to develop a second primary malignancy ( SPM ) was 34 % in the RT and 8 % in the CRT arm ( p = 0.023 ) . third of deaths were due to infection , but there was no difference between the 2 groups . concomitant radiochemotherapy , locoregional control and disease free survival were significantly improved . primary malignancies in the CRT arm compared to RT arm were significantly less frequent . high probability of post treatment hypothyroidism in both arms warrants regular laboratory evaluation ."
3282,Abstract #3282,"autoantibodies to cancer antigens are candidates for biomarkers , no comprehensive studies to detect cancer-specific antibodies have been performed . study identified autoantibodies in the sera of pancreatic cancer ( PC ) patients using proteomics based on a wheat germ cell-free protein production system . constructed a biotinylated protein library of 2,183 genes . between biotinylated proteins and serum antibodies were detected by AlphaScreen assay . luminescence signals of each protein in 37 PC patients and 20 healthy controls were measured , and their sensitivity and specificity for PC were calculated . signals of nine proteins were significantly higher than those of healthy controls , with calcium and integrin binding 1 ( CIB1 ) protein showing the greatest significance ( p = 0.002 ) . , specificity , positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CIB1 autoantibody alone for PC were 76 , 70 , 82 , and 61 % , respectively , and 97 , 35 , 74 , and 88 % , respectively , when the four most significant proteins were combined . of these autoantibodies did not vary significantly with other clinicopathological characteristics . autoantibodies , including CIB1 , are potential biomarkers for PC ."
3283,Abstract #3283,"has been shown in the MultiVitamins and Probucol ( MVP ) trial that probucol reduces angiographic lumen loss by 68 % after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) . occurred in 40 % of patients not treated with probucol and in 20 % of those in the probucol alone group . determine the morphological predictors of restenosis in patients treated with probucol . 30 days before angioplasty , 317 patients were randomly assigned to receive probucol , multivitamins , the combined treatment or placebo . were then treated for six months after angioplasty . ultrasound ( IVUS ) examination was performed immediately after angioplasty and at follow-up in 94 patients ( 108 segments ) . angioplasty operator was blinded to the IVUS results . cross-section selected for serial analysis was the one at the angioplasty site with the smallest lumen area at follow-up . operating characteristic curves were used to determine the performance of criteria to predict angiographic restenosis at follow-up . probucol-treated patients , the cross-sectional area ( CSA ) narrowing of 67.6 % or less was the best IVUS predictor for the absence of restenosis ( P = 0.03 ) . stenosis of 35 % or less almost reached significance as a predictor in these patients ( P = 0.056 ) . restenosis rate when either of these predictors was met was less than 13 % . of repeat PTCA in patients treated with probucol were 9.7 % when CSA narrowing was 67.6 % or less on IVUS and 3.1 % with a post-PTCA stenosis of 35 % or less on quantitative coronary angiography ( QCA ) . predictor of the absence of restenosis in patients not treated with probucol was identified . presence after balloon angioplasty of a CSA narrowing of 67.6 % or less on IVUS or a diameter stenosis of 35 % or less on QCA is associated , in patients treated with probucol , with extremely low rates of coronary restenosis and repeat angioplasty ."
3284,Abstract #3284,"and dabigatran are new oral anticoagulants that specifically inhibit factor Xa and thrombin , respectively . studies on the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolism show promising results . major disadvantage of these anticoagulants is the absence of an antidote in case of serious bleeding or when an emergency intervention needs immediate correction of coagulation . study evaluated the potential of prothrombin complex concentrate ( PCC ) to reverse the anticoagulant effect of these drugs . a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , 12 healthy male volunteers received rivaroxaban 20 mg twice daily ( n = 6 ) or dabigatran 150 mg twice daily ( n = 6 ) for 2 days , followed by either a single bolus of 50 IU/kg PCC ( Cofact ) or a similar volume of saline . a washout period , this procedure was repeated with the other anticoagulant treatment . induced a significant prolongation of the prothrombin time ( 15.81.3 versus 12.30.7 seconds at baseline ; P < 0.001 ) that was immediately and completely reversed by PCC ( 12.81.0 ; P < 0.001 ) . endogenous thrombin potential was inhibited by rivaroxaban ( 5122 % ; baseline , 9222 % ; P = 0.002 ) and normalized with PCC ( 11426 % ; P < 0.001 ) , whereas saline had no effect . increased the activated partial thromboplastin time , ecarin clotting time ( ECT ) , and thrombin time . of PCC did not restore these coagulation tests . complex concentrate immediately and completely reverses the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban in healthy subjects but has no influence on the anticoagulant action of dabigatran at the PCC dose used in this study . Trial Registration - URL : http://www.trialregister.nl . identifier : NTR2272 ."
3285,Abstract #3285,"( 8 - [ p - ( 4-phenylbutyloxy ) benzol ] amino-2 - [ tetrazol-5-yl ] -4 - oxo-4H-1-benzopyran hemihydrate ) , a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist , has been reported to exhibit not only antileukotrine activity but also pharmacological activity including antieosinophilic effects . study was designed to investigate whether the antiasthmatic activity of pranlukast is associated with a reduction in eosinophilic inflammation . double-blind , randomized , crossover design was used . received 225 mg of pranlukast or placebo orally twice daily for 4 weeks and then , after a washout period of at least 4 weeks , crossed over to receive the alternative treatment . assessed the effects of pretreatment with pranlukast on bronchoconstriction precipitated by inhalation of methacholine in 32 adult patients with mild or moderate bronchial asthma ; those who were in stable clinical condition were allocated to this study . and sputum samples were taken the morning of the methacholine provocation test . counts and measurement of eosinophilic cationic protein ( ECP ) were performed . the 4 weeks of treatment with pranlukast , patients ' symptoms , blood eosinophils , serum ECP , sputum eosinophils , and sputum ECP were significantly decreased . , values of PC20-methacholine significantly improved in the treatment with pranlukast . results suggest that pranlukast has an anti-inflammatory effect on bronchial eosinophilic infiltration . study raises further interesting therapeutic possibilities and argues for further trials of new approaches to the treatment of bronchial asthma ."
3286,Abstract #3286,"has been found to improve exercise capacity and haemodynamic parameters in patients with various pulmonary disorders . study was undertaken to evaluate its efficacy in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . this double-blind , randomised , placebo-controlled study , 37 patients with severe COPD received either sildenafil or placebo for 12 weeks . covered in six-minute walk test ( 6MWD ) was taken as primary end-point . artery pressure ( PAP ) was measured as secondary end point . patients ( 15 in sildenafil arm and 18 in placebo arm ) completed the study . tests were used for comparison . was significant increase in 6MWD from baseline after three months of follow-up in sildenafil users ( median change in distance covered in six-minute walk test ( delta6MWD ) = 190m ) as compared to placebo users ( delta6MWD = 0m , p < 0.05 ) . PAP decreased significantly ( chi2 = 14.94 , p < 0.05 ) in sildenafil group after three months , while it did not change significantly among placebo group ( chi2 = 3.84 , p > 0.05 ) . improved 6MWD and PAP in patients with severe COPD ."
3287,Abstract #3287,"investigated the effects of gabapentin and dexamethasone given together or separately 1 h before the start of surgery on laryngoscopy , tracheal intubation , intraoperative hemodynamics , opioid consumption , and postoperative pain in patients undergoing varicocele operations . were randomly divided into four double-blind groups : group C ( control , n = 20 ) received placebo , group G ( gabapentin , n = 20 ) received 800 mg gabapentin , group D ( dexamethasone , n = 20 ) received 8 mg dexamethasone , group GD ( gabapentin plus dexamethasone ) received both 800 mg gabapentin and 8 mg dexamethasone IV 1 h before the start of surgery . induction and maintenance of anesthesia were accomplished and continued by propofol and remifentanil infusion . rate and arterial blood pressure were recorded before induction and after intubation . total remifentanil consumption was recorded . variables and visual analog scale were recorded for 24 h. Side effects were noted . at 1 , 3 , 5 , and 10 min after tracheal intubation , total remifentanil consumption during surgery , postoperative visual analog scale scores at 30 min , 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 12 h , and postoperative nausea and vomiting were found to be significantly lower in group GD than in group G and group D ( P < 0.05 for both ) , and substantially lower when compared with group C ( P < 0.001 ) . values in group C were also higher than in groups G and D ( P < 0.05 ) . and dexamethasone administered together an hour before varicocele surgery results in less laryngeal and tracheal intubation response , improves postoperative analgesia , and prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting better than individual administration of each drug ."
3288,Abstract #3288,"renal failure patients have a high cardiovascular disease burden , low numbers and impaired function of endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs ) . hypothesized that enhanced uraemic toxin removal restores EPCs in haemodialysis patients . a prospective , randomized , cross-over trial , 18 patients were subjected to 4 weeks of each low-flux haemodialysis , high-flux haemodialysis and haemodiafiltration differing in uraemic toxin removal . were determined at baseline and at the end of each 4-week period . cohort of 16 healthy volunteers served as control . were studied after culture on fibronectin ( CFU-Hill ) and collagen-1 ( ECFC ) . patients had a lower number of ECFCs than in healthy controls ( P < 0.001 ) and a reduced fraction of vital ECFCs ( P < 0.05 ) , whereas the formation of endothelial cell colonies ( ECCs ) was increased ( P < 0.05 ) . middle molecular uraemic toxin removal had no effects on EPC numbers . number of prototypical EPCs ( CD34 ( + ) / VEGFR2-KDR ( + ) / CD45 ( - ) ECFCs ) was similar between patients and controls . of plasma C-reactive protein with ECC count , CFU-Hill colony count and CD34 ( + ) / VEGFR2-KDR ( + ) / CD45 ( - ) subpopulation of both ECFC and CFU-Hill cells were observed . middle molecule removal has no effect on EPCs . vitality and enhanced ECC formation suggest growth induction of impaired EPCs in chronic renal failure and are associated with inflammation ."
3289,Abstract #3289,"study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of two different stabilizer concepts for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting . 2000 and 2001 , 100 consecutive patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly assigned to two stabilization systems : the Medtronic Octopus 3 ( n = 50 ) and the Genzyme Immobilizer ( n = 50 ) . operation , two-dimensional cardiac surface motion was assessed by intravital microscopy using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging in 20 vessels at the anterior wall . angiography of 47 vessels revealed anastomotic quality . demographics were similar in both groups regarding age , sex , ejection fraction , and New York Heart Association functional class . 7 patients the randomized Immobilizer was rejected by the surgeon for lateral or posterior wall revascularization and subsequently switched to the Octopus device . received 1.8 + / - 0.7 grafts in the Octopus and 1.6 + / - 0.5 in the Immobilizer group ( p = not significant ) . cardiac surface motion was significantly less using the Immobilizer ( 109.7 + / - 32.4 microm versus 423.5 + / - 129.6 microm ; p < 0.001 ) . required for anastomosis was significantly shorter in the Immobilizer group ( 11.3 + / - 3.5 versus 14.9 + / - 2.4 minutes ; p < 0.001 ) . angiography showed no vessel occlusions but two anastomotic stenoses in each group . stabilizers have been shown useful for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting . Immobilizer system showed better epicardial immobilization of the anterior wall resulting in shorter anastomosis times . , because the Octopus 3 handling is more flexible and allows easier access to all vessels , it is the device of choice for posterior wall revascularization in our institution ."
3290,Abstract #3290,"evaluate the performance ( efficacy , safety and acceptability ) of a new micro-adherent absorbent dressing ( UrgoClean ) compared with a hydrofiber dressing ( Aquacel ) in the local management of venous leg ulcers , in the debridement stage . non-inferiority European randomised controlled clinical trial ( RCT ) was conducted in 37 centres , on patients presenting with venous or predominantly venous , mixed aetiology leg ulcers at their sloughy stage ( with more than 70 % of the wound bed covered with slough at baseline ) . were followed over a 6-week period and assessed weekly . primary judgement criteria was the relative regression of the wound surface area after the 6-week treatment period . endpoints were the relative reduction of sloughy tissue and the percentage of patients presenting with a debrided wound . , 159 patients were randomised to either UrgoClean ( test group ; n = 83 ) or Aquacel ( control group ; n = 76 ) dressings . the wound healing process predictive factors ( wound area , duration , ABPI value , recurrence ) , at baseline , the two groups were well balanced , for both wound and patient characteristics . therapy was administered to both groups and after a median 42-day treatment period , the percentage of relative reduction of the wound surface area was very similar ( -36.9 % vs -35.4 % in the UrgoClean and control groups , respectively ) . considering the secondary criteria at week 6 , the relative reduction of sloughy tissue was significantly higher in the UrgoClean group than in the control group ( -65.3 % vs -42,6 % ; p = 0.013 ) . percentage of debrided wounds was also significantly higher in the test group ( 52.5 % vs 35.1 % ; p = 0.033 ) . ` EARTH ' RCT confirmed that the UrgoClean dressing has similar efficacy and safety compared to Aquacel . , UrgoClean also showed better autolytic properties than the control group in the management of venous leg ulcers at the sloughy stage . new UrgoClean dressing therefore represents a promising therapeutic option within the current range of autolytic dressings available . study was sponsored by a grant from the pharmaceutical company Laboratoires Urgo . Bohbot and O. Tacca are employees of Laboratoires Urgo . Meaume , J. Dissemond and G. Perceau have received monetary compensation as presenters for Laboratoires Urgo . management and statistical analyses were conducted independently by Vertical ( Paris , France ) ."
3291,Abstract #3291,"investigate the therapeutic effects of triple therapy combining lafutidine with clarithromycin and amoxicillin on H pylori infection and the resolution of gastroesophageal symptoms after eradication . conducted a randomized , multicenter , open-label controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of a triple therapy of lafutidine , clarithromycin , and amoxicillin ( lafutidine group ) with that of a triple therapy of lansoprazole , clarithromycin , and amoxicillin ( lansoprazole group ) in patients with H pylori infection . study group comprised 22 patients with gastric ulcers and 18 patients with duodenal ulcers who had H pylori infection . pylori eradication rates were similar in the lafutidine group ( 14/20 , 70 % ) and the lansoprazole group ( 14/20 , 70 % ) . reflux and abdominal symptoms improved after eradication therapy in both groups , whereas abdominal discomfort , diarrhea , and constipation were unchanged . pylori status had no apparent effect on improvement of gastroesophageal reflux or abdominal symptoms after treatment . events were similar in both groups . triple therapy including lafutidine is equivalent to triple therapy including lansoprazole in terms of H pylori eradication rates and improvement in gastroesophageal reflux and abdominal symptoms . results are attributed to the fact that lafutidine has strong , continuous antisecretory activity , unaffected by CYP2C19 polymorphisms ."
3292,Abstract #3292,"recent years , numerous scientific publications have endorsed the superiority of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway ( PLMA ) over the Classic laryngeal mask airway ( cLMA ) in adults , children , and infants . PLMA forms a better seal for both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts , provides easier access to the gastrointestinal tract , and exerts lower mucosal pressures for a given seal pressure . study aims to determine whether this superiority can also be observed for the size 1 PLMA used in anesthetized neonates and infants with positive pressure ventilation . consecutive neonates and infants undergoing elective surgical procedures were randomized to airway management with the size 1 PLMA or cLMA . all patients , we recorded ease of insertion , effective airway time , number of placement attempts , oropharyngeal leak pressure , fiberoptic position , audible leaks , mask displacement , number of reinsertions during maintenance , gastric insufflation , and frequency of blood stain . of insertion , successful insertion in < 3 attempts , fiberoptic position of the airway tube , and frequency of blood stain were similar in both groups . airway time was lower for the PLMA group ( 30.5 vs 35.6 s ) . leak pressure was higher with the PLMA ( 32.9 vs 22.2 cm H ( 2 ) O , P < 0.001 ) and gastric insufflation less common ( 0 % vs 6 % , P = 0.492 ) . were fewer mask displacements during maintenance of anesthesia with the PLMA ( 0 % vs 26.7 % , P < 0.001 ) . reinsertion was not necessary during maintenance of anesthesia with the PLMA , although it was necessary in 14 cases in the cLMA group ( 0 % vs 46 % , P < 0.001 ) . leaks were less common with the PLMA ( 0 % vs 46 % , P < 0.001 ) . conclude that the size 1 PLMA is a stable , safe , and efficacious airway control device during neonatal and infant anesthesia , allowing higher peak airway pressure during positive pressure ventilation , with fewer mask displacements and gastric insufflations than the cLMA ."
3293,Abstract #3293,"there has been enormous interest in continuous quality improvement ( CQI ) as a measure to improve health care , this enthusiasm is based largely on its apparent success in business rather than formal evaluations in health care . determine whether a managed care organization can increase delivery of eight clinical preventive services by using CQI . care clinics were randomly assigned to improve delivery of preventive services with CQI ( intervention group ) or to provide usual care ( control group ) . leadership support , training , consulting , and networking , each intervention clinic was assisted to use CQI multidisciplinary teams to develop and implement systems for delivery of preventive services . primary care clinics in greater Minneapolis-St . . 19 years of age and older completed surveys at baseline ( n = 6830 ) and at follow-up ( n = 6431 ) . chart audits were completed on 4777 patients at baseline and 4546 patients at follow-up . proportion of patients who were up-to-date ( according to chart audit ) and the proportion of patients who were offered a service if not up-to-date ( according to patient report ) for 8 preventive services . with the control group , based on the proportion of patients who were up-to-date , use of only one preventive service -- pneumococcal vaccine -- increased significantly in the intervention group ( 17.2 % absolute increase from baseline to follow-up compared with a 0.3 % absolute increase in the control group , P = 0.003 ) . , based on patient report of being offered a service if not up-to-date , delivery of only one preventive service -- cholesterol testing -- significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the control group ( 4.6 % increase vs. 0.4 % absolute decrease in the control group ; P = 0.006 ) . this trial , CQI methods did not result in clinically important increases in preventive service delivery rates ."
3294,Abstract #3294,"describe the course of depressive symptoms during the first year after diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes . hoc analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of self-management education for 824 individuals newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes . completed the Depression scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale after diagnosis and at 4 , 8 and 12 months follow-up . also completed the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale at 8 and 12 months follow-up . present descriptive statistics on prevalence and persistence of depressive symptoms . regression is used to predict possible depression cases , and multiple regression to predict depressive symptomatology . prevalence of depressive symptoms in individuals recently diagnosed with diabetes ( 18-22 % over the year ) was not significantly different from normative data for the general population ( 12 % ) in the UK . 20 % of participants indicated some degrees of depressive symptoms over the first year of living with Type 2 diabetes ; these were mostly transient episodes , with 5 % ( 1 % severe ) reporting having depressive symptoms throughout the year . 12 months post diagnosis , after controlling for baseline depressive symptoms , diabetes-specific emotional distress was predictive of depressive symptomatology . increased prevalence of depressive symptoms in diabetes is not manifest until at least 1 year post diagnosis in this cohort . , there are a significant number of people with persistent depressive symptoms in the early stages of diabetes , and diabetes-specific distress may be contributing to subsequent development of depressive symptoms in people with Type 2 diabetes ."
3295,Abstract #3295,"undergoing general anaesthesia for breast surgery are especially at risk of experiencing postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) . study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of granisetron , a selective serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist , for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery . was a prospective , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled study carried out in a university-affiliated teaching hospital . study included women who experienced nausea lasting > 10 minutes and/or vomiting during the first 3 hours after recovery from anaesthesia for breast surgery . intravenously received either placebo or granisetron at four different doses ( 10 microg/kg , 20 microg/kg , 40 microg/kg and 80 microg/kg ) . were observed for 24 hours after administration of the study drug . total of 100 women were enrolled in this study . control of established PONV , defined as no emetic symptoms and no need for a rescue antiemetic , was observed in 50 % of women receiving granisetron 10 microg/kg ( p = 0.5 vs placebo ) , 85 % of women receiving granisetron 20 microg/kg ( p = 0.009 vs placebo ) , 90 % of women receiving granisetron 40 microg/kg ( p = 0.003 vs placebo ) , and 85 % of women receiving granisetron 80 microg/kg ( p = 0.009 vs placebo ) , compared with 45 % of placebo recipients . efficacies of granisetron 20 microg/kg , granisetron 40 microg/kg , and granisetron 80 microg/kg for the treatment of established PONV were superior to that of granisetron 10 microg/kg ( all p < 0.05 ) . serious adverse effects were observed in any group . minimum effective dose of granisetron for the treatment of PONV in women undergoing breast surgery was 20 microg/kg . the granisetron dose to 80 microg/kg provided no further benefit ."
3296,Abstract #3296,"evaluate the efficacy of superovulation and IUI versus no treatment for infertility associated with minimal or mild endometriosis . trial . Health Sciences Centre , University Campus , The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario ; and Royal Victoria Hospital , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada . hundred eleven cycles in 103 couples in whom minimal or mild endometriosis was the sole identified subfertility factor . with FSH and IUI . birth . birth followed 14 of 127 ( 11 % ) superovulation and IUI cycles and 4 of 184 ( 2 % ) no-treatment cycles . odds ratio was 5.6 ( 95 % confidence interval 1.8 to 17.4 ) in favor of superovulation and IUI . with superovulation and IUI was associated with superior outcome both by crude live-birth rates and proportional hazard analysis ."
3297,Abstract #3297,"standard recommendation for treatment of young , febrile children with urinary tract infection has been hospitalization for intravenous antimicrobials . availability of potent , oral , third-generation cephalosporins as well as interest in cost containment and avoidance of nosocomial risks prompted evaluation of the safety and efficacy of outpatient therapy . a multicenter , randomized clinical trial , we evaluated the efficacy of oral versus initial intravenous therapy in 306 children 1 to 24 months old with fever and urinary tract infection , in terms of short-term clinical outcomes ( sterilization of the urine and defervescence ) and long-term morbidity ( incidence of reinfection and incidence and extent of renal scarring documented at 6 months by 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scans ) . received either oral cefixime for 14 days ( double dose on day 1 ) or initial intravenous cefotaxime for 3 days followed by oral cefixime for 11 days . groups were comparable regarding demographic , clinical , and laboratory characteristics . was present in 3.4 % of children treated orally and 5.3 % of children treated intravenously . the short-term outcomes , 1 ) repeat urine cultures were sterile within 24 hours in all children , and 2 ) mean time to defervescence was 25 and 24 hours for children treated orally and intravenously , respectively . the long-term outcomes , 1 ) symptomatic reinfections occurred in 4.6 % of children treated orally and 7.2 % of children treated intravenously , 2 ) renal scarring at 6 months was noted in 9.8 % children treated orally versus 7.2 % of children treated intravenously , and 3 ) mean extent of scarring was approximately 8 % in both treatment groups . costs were at least twofold higher for children treated intravenously ( $ 3577 vs $ 1473 ) compared with those treated orally . cefixime can be recommended as a safe and effective treatment for children with fever and urinary tract infection . of cefixime will result in substantial reductions of health care expenditures ."
3298,Abstract #3298,"disease ( CVD ) is a common problem of middle-aged and older adults . arterial stiffness is a CVD risk factor . vibration ( WBV ) is a simple and convenient exercise for middle-aged and older adults ; however , there have been few studies investigating the effect of WBV on arterial stiffness . study mainly investigated the effect of WBV on arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults . total of 38 ( 21 women and 17 men ) middle-aged and elderly subjects ( average age , 61.9 years ) were randomly divided into the WBV group and the control group for a 3-month trial . WBV group received an intervention of 30 Hz and 3.2 g WBV in a natural full standing posture at a sports center . brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( baPWV ) , a marker of systemic arterial stiffness , and blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after the intervention . 3 months , there were no significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate in both groups . , the bilateral baPWV was significantly reduced in the WBV group ( decreased by 0.65 m/second [ P = 0.014 ] ; 0.63 m/second [ P = 0.041 ] in either side ) , but not in the control group . comparison between the two groups was not statistically significant . study found that 3 months of WBV had a positive effect on arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults and could therefore be regarded as a supplementary exercise . studies are needed to confirm the effects of WBV in the future ."
3299,Abstract #3299,"World Health Organization recommends dry cord care for newborns but this recommendation may not be optimal in low resource settings where most births take place in an unclean environment and infections account for up to half of neonatal deaths . previous trial in Nepal indicated that umbilical cord cleansing with 4.0 % chlorhexidine could substantially reduce mortality and omphalitis risk , but policy changes await additional community-based data . Projahnmo Chlorhexidine study was a three-year , cluster-randomized , community-based trial to assess the impact of three cord care regimens on neonatal mortality and omphalitis . were recruited mid-pregnancy , received a basic package of maternal and neonatal health promotion messages , and were followed to pregnancy outcome . were visited at home by local village-based workers whose areas were randomized to either 1 ) single - or 2 ) 7-day cord cleansing with 4.0 % chlorhexidine , or 3 ) promotion of dry cord care as recommended by WHO . mothers received basic messages regarding hand-washing , clean cord cutting , and avoidance of harmful home-base applications to the cord . within 28 days and omphalitis were the primary outcomes ; these were monitored directly through home visits by community health workers on days 1 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 15 , and 28 after birth . to report in early 2010 , the Projahnmo Chlorhexidine Study examines the impact of multiple or single chlorhexidine cleansing of the cord on neonatal mortality and omphalitis among newborns of rural Sylhet District , Bangladesh . results of this trial will be interpreted in conjunction with a similarly designed trial previously conducted in Nepal , and will have implications for policy guidelines for optimal cord care of newborns in low resource settings in Asia . ( NCT00434408 ) ."
3300,Abstract #3300,"mild endogenous glucocorticoid excess has been shown to cause bone loss and to increase fracture risk in both post-menopausal and premenopausal women . , it is unclear if patients with subclinical Cushing 's syndrome ( SCS ) with osteoporosis or osteopenia may benefit from antiresorptive treatment and the type of therapy to be given . pilot randomized study was aimed at evaluating the effects of 12-month im administration of clodronate ( 100 mg every week ) on vertebral and femoral bone mineral density ( BMD ) , bone turnover markers and on subjective pain in premenopausal women with SCS due to adrenal incidentalomas . women ( age , 43.1 + / -7.7 yr ) with SCS due to adrenal incidentaloma and osteoporosis/osteopenia were randomized to receive clodronate plus supplement of Calcium ( 500 mg daily ) and Vitamin D3 ( 800 mg daily ) ( group 1 , no . 23 ) or supplements only ( group 2 , no . 23 ) . groups were similar in terms of age , body mass index , cortisol levels , BMD values , and bone turnover markers . of the women were re-evaluated after 12 months . 12 months of treatment , in group 1 , a significant increase in lumbar BMD occurred ( p = 0.04 ) , while bone turnover markers decreased by about one third ( p < 0.05 ) . group 2 , bone turnover markers did not change and BMD values slightly decreased ( p = ns ) . differences in bone turnover markers and in lumbar BMD between the two groups were significant ( p < 0.05 , all ) . new vertebral fracture occurred in group 1 , while in group 2 the spine radiographies revealed 2 new fractures and a worsening of two pre-existent fractures . improvement in subjective back pain , assessed by visual analogue scale pain score was observed in group 1 ( from 4.3 + / -2.7 to 2.9 + / -2.0 ; p < 0.05 ) but not in group 2 ( from 4.4 + / -3.1 to 4.2 + / -3.4 ; p = ns ) . significant changes occurred in cortisol secretion or clinical picture of the SCS during the study . administration of clodronate effectively increased lumbar BMD values , preserved bone mass at the femoral neck , stabilized vertebral fracture index , and decreased subjective back pain in pre-menopausal women with SCS . the untreated group continued to lose bone , antiresorptive treatment should be considered in patients with SCS , according to the prevision of surgical treatment , prevalent fractures , BMD values , age , concomitant morbidities , and desire for pregnancy ."
3301,Abstract #3301,"investigate the effect of physical training on leptin levels in elderly , obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . men and 38 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a body mass index ( BMI ) of > 25 kg/m2 participated in a prospective randomized study . were either on oral glucose lowering drugs ( n = 39 ) or insulin therapy ( n = 19 ) . training consisted of a guided , standardized , 6-week training programme performed in the hospital on a cyclo ergometer followed by a 6-week period of guided training at home and ended in a 12-week period of training at home without supervision . data and laboratory samples including fasting insulin and leptin levels and maximal aerobic capacity were assessed at the start of the study and at 6 and 26 weeks thereafter . training resulted in significantly positive changes in maximal aerobic capacity ( VO2max ) and maximum work load . effects of physical training on serum leptin levels and insulin concentrations were detected . levels were strongly correlated with body mass index ( r = 0.63 ) , body fat content ( r = 0.61 ) , and fasting insulin concentrations ( r = 0.38 ) . had threefold higher leptin levels than men . differences in leptin levels between patients on insulin therapy and patients on oral glucose lowering drugs were found . effect of physical training on leptin levels was detectable in elderly , obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients ."
3302,Abstract #3302,"of memory are commonly reported by people with traumatic brain injuries ( TBI ) . deficits are persistent , debilitating , and can severely impact quality of life . , many do not routinely receive follow-up appointments for residual memory problems following discharge . is a multi-centre , randomised controlled trial investigating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a group-based memory rehabilitation programme . hundred and twelve people with a traumatic brain injury will be randomised from four centres . will be eligible if they had a traumatic brain injury more than 3 months prior to recruitment , have memory problems , are 18 to 69 years of age , are able to travel to one of our centres and attend group sessions , and are able to give informed consent . will be randomised in clusters of 4 to 6 to the group rehabilitation intervention or to usual care . groups will receive 10 weekly sessions of a manualised memory rehabilitation programme , which has been developed in previous pilot studies . intervention will include restitution strategies to retrain impaired memory functions and compensation strategies to enable participants to cope with their memory problems . participants will receive a follow-up postal questionnaire and an assessment by a research assistant at 6 and 12 months post-randomisation . primary outcome is the Everyday Memory Questionnaire at 6 months . outcomes include the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test-3 , General Health Questionnaire-30 , health related quality of life , cost-effectiveness analysis determined by the EQ-5D and a service use questionnaire , individual goal attainment , European Brain Injury Questionnaire ( patient and relative versions ) , and the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-relative version . primary analysis will be based on intention to treat . mixed-model regression analysis of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire at 6 months will be used to estimate the effect of the group memory rehabilitation programme . study will hopefully provide robust evidence regarding the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a group-based memory rehabilitation intervention for civilians and military personnel following TBI . discuss our decision-making regarding choice of outcome measures and control group , and the unique challenges to recruiting people with memory problems to trials . ; Date : 18 October 2012 ."
3303,Abstract #3303,"postures during computer use are assumed to be related to the fit between the worker and the workstation configuration , with greater mismatches leading to higher levels of musculoskeletal symptoms ( MSS ) . objective of this study was to examine if chronic MSS of the neck/shoulder , back , and wrist/hands was associated with 1 ) discrepancies between workstation setups and worker anthropometrics and 2 ) workers ' postures . analysis on data collected from a randomized controlled cross-over design trial ( N = 74 ) . ' workstation configurations , baseline levels of MSS , working postures , and anthropometrics were measured . were completed to determine the association between postures and discrepancies between the worker anthropometrics and workstation configuration . were examined between postures , workstation discrepancies and worker MSS . were only 3 significant associations between worker posture and MSS , and 3 significant associations between discrepancies in worker/workstation set-up and MSS . relationship between chronic MSS and the workers computer workstation configuration is multifactorial . postures and the fit between the worker and workstation may be associated with MSS , other variables need to be explored to better understand the phenomenon ."
3304,Abstract #3304,"is considered an essential amino acid during critical illness in children , and supplementation of arginine has been proposed to improve arginine availability to facilitate nitric oxide ( NO ) synthesis . enteral formulas ( PE-formulas ) can improve nutrient intake and promote anabolism in critically ill infants . , the effect of increased protein and energy intake on arginine metabolism is not known . investigated the effect of a PE-formula compared with that of a standard infant formula ( S-formula ) on arginine kinetics in critically ill infants . 2-h stable-isotope tracer protocol was conducted in 2 groups of critically ill infants with respiratory failure because of viral bronchiolitis , who received either a PE-formula ( n = 8 ) or S-formula ( n = 10 ) in a randomized , blinded , controlled setting . were reported as means SDs . intake of a PE-formula in critically ill infants ( aged 0.23 0.14 y ) resulted in an increased arginine appearance ( PE-formula : 248 114 mol kg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) ; S-formula : 130 53 mol kg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) ; P = 0.012 ) and NO synthesis ( PE-formula : 1.92 0.99 mol kg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) ; S-formula : 0.84 0.36 mol kg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) ; P = 0.003 ) , whereas citrulline production and plasma arginine concentrations were unaffected . critically ill infants with respiratory failure because of viral bronchiolitis , the intake of a PE-formula increases arginine availability by increasing arginine appearance , which leads to increased NO synthesis , independent of plasma arginine concentrations . trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as NTR515 ."
3305,Abstract #3305,"lymph node dissection ( RPLND ) and adjuvant chemotherapy are two adjuvant treatment options for patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis ( NSGCT ) . of this trial was to prove the advantage of one cycle of bleomycin , etoposide , and cisplatin ( BEP ) chemotherapy compared with RPLND in terms of recurrence . 1996 and 2005 , 382 patients were randomly assigned to receive either RPLND ( n = 191 ) or one course of BEP ( n = 191 ) after orchidectomy . primary study end point was the rate of recurrence . trial was powered to detect a 7 % reduction ( from 10 % to 3 % ) of recurrence with chemotherapy compared with surgery . a median follow-up of 4.7 years , two and 15 recurrences were observed in the intention-to-treat population with chemotherapy and surgery , respectively ( P = .0011 ) . difference in the 2-year recurrence-free survival rate between chemotherapy ( 99.46 % ; 95 % CI , 96.20 % to 99.92 % ) and surgery ( 91.87 % ; 95 % CI , 86.87 % to 95.02 % ) was 7.59 % ( 95 % CI , 3.13 % to 12.05 % ) . hazard ratio to experience a tumor recurrence with surgery as opposed to chemotherapy was 7.937 ( 95 % CI , 1.808 to 34.48 ) . our knowledge , this is the largest randomized trial investigating adjuvant treatment strategies in clinical stage I NSGCT , which showed the superiority of one course BEP over RPLND performed according to community standards to prevent recurrence . not standard treatment , one course of BEP is active in an unselected group of patients with clinical stage I disease and merits further investigation ."
3306,Abstract #3306,"observe the effects of electro-acupuncture on T cell subpopulations , natural killer cell ( NK ) activity , humoral immunity and leukocyte count in patients undergoing chemotherapy . was added for patients undergoing chemotherapy . were done on T cell subpopulations , NK activity , humoral immunity and leukocyte count before treatment and after 4 courses of treatment . 4 courses of treatment with chemotherapy and electro-acupuncture , no obvious changes were found in T cell subpopulations , NK activity , humoral immunity and leukocyte count ( P > 0.05 ) as compared with those before treatment . undergoing chemotherapy combined with electro-acupuncture showed obviously higher leukocyte count than that of the control group given no leukogenic drugs ( P < 0.01 ) . may reduce immunologic damage caused by chemotherapy , thus it can be used as the auxiliary therapy for patients undergoing chemotherapy ."
3307,Abstract #3307,"otitis media ( OM ) is the most common indication for the use of antibiotics among children . alone is an imprecise method for the diagnosis of OM , which may lead to inappropriate antibiotic use . sought to determine whether tympanometry , as an adjunct to otoscopy , would significantly change physician prescribing behavior and whether physicians overprescribe antibiotics for OM , using independently graded tympanometry results as a standard . randomized , clinical trial was conducted among children 6 to 35 months of age who presented to a pediatric emergency department with either fever or upper respiratory infection symptoms . were randomized into 2 groups , in which the attending physician evaluated tympanometry results ( Tymp Aware ) or the attending physician was blinded to the tympanometry findings ( Tymp Unaware ) . curves were graded independently by using a modified version of the Jerger scale . the 698 patients enrolled , tympanometry was performed successfully for 99.3 % . were prescribed for OM for 27.9 % of all patients . statistically significant difference in antibiotic prescription rates for OM between the Tymp Aware group ( 28.8 % ) and the Tymp Unaware group ( 26.8 % ) was found . all patients for whom antibiotics were prescribed for OM , 14 % had normal curves for both ears and 40 % had some tympanographic movement bilaterally . did not seem to change diagnoses or prescribing behavior in the group of physicians studied . were commonly prescribed for presumed OM in the absence of effusions documented with tympanometry ."
3308,Abstract #3308,"use of artemisinin-based combination therapy ( ACT ) is currently recommended for treating uncomplicated malaria . objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of repeated administrations of two fixed-dose presentations of ACT -- artesunate plus amodiaquine ( ASAQ ) and artemether-lumefantrine ( AL ) -- in subsequent episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria . randomized comparative study was conducted in a rural community of central Senegal from August 2007 to January 2009 . and adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were randomized to receive open-label ASAQ once daily or AL twice daily for three days . doses were given according to body weight . for first episodes were supervised . subsequent episodes , only the first intake of study drug was supervised . and audiograms were performed in patients 12 years of age . outcome was adequate clinical and parasitological response rate ( ACPR ) after polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) correction on day 28 for the first episode . total of 366 patients were enrolled in the two groups ( ASAQ 184 , AL 182 ) and followed up during two malaria transmission seasons . the intent-to-treat population , PCR-corrected ACPRs at day 28 for the first episode were 98.4 % and 96.2 % , respectively , in the ASAQ and AL groups . the per-protocol population ( ASAQ 183 , AL 182 ) , PCR-corrected ACPRs at day 28 for the first episode were 98.9 % and 96.7 % , respectively . 100 % ACPR rate was obtained at day 28 in the 60 and four patients , respectively , who experienced second and third episodes . adverse events were reported in 11.7 % of the patients , without significant differences between the two groups . better improvement of haemoglobin at day 28 was noted in the ASAQ versus the AL group ( 12.2 versus 11.8 g/dL ; p = 0.03 ) . sign of ototoxicity was demonstrated . prolongation of the QTc interval was observed in both groups during treatment with no clinical consequence . results confirmed the satisfactory efficacy and safety profile of ASAQ and AL. . , in patients who were treated at least twice , repeated administration of ASAQ or AL did not identify any major safety issues . identifier NCT00540410 ."
3309,Abstract #3309,"compare three types of esophageal exfoliative cytology samplers in terms of patient acceptability , ease of use , final destination of the sampler tip in the gastrointestinal tract and cellular yield . controlled , single-blind , cross-over study was undertaken to compare the balloon , sponge and sponge-mesh samplers in healthy volunteers . completing the three procedures in random order , participants were asked about their preferred method . of use was defined as the technician 's ability to perform the intubation successfully . destination of the samplers was assessed fluoroscopically . determined the cellular yield of each sampler using the Bethesda System . volunteers participated . two encapsulated samplers were significantly preferred over the balloon ( P < .0001 ) . was no significant difference in ease of use , final destination or cellular yield of the three techniques . three samplers were successfully intubated on the first attempt and retrieved adequate numbers of squamous and glandular cells in > 78 % of cases . three samplers obtained satisfactory yields of squamous and glandular cells , but the encapsulated samplers were more patient acceptable . sponge-mesh sampler may be the least complicated sampler for field screening use . studies will be required to test the accuracy of these three samplers for detecting esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma ."
3310,Abstract #3310,"compare the gastrointestinal ( GI ) tolerability and efficacy of aceclofenac with diclofenac in patients with knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) . this randomized , double-blind , double-dummy , multicentric , comparative study , post 7 day placebo washout , patients were randomly allocated to receive either aceclofenac 100mg b.i.d. or diclofenac 50mg t.i.d. and were followed up for the next 6 weeks . GI tolerability was evaluated based on the incidence and severity of predefined GI adverse events ( AEs ) , number of gastroprotective agents ( GPAs ) consumed by patients , and discontinuation from the study due to GI AEs . secondary outcome included assessment of pain intensity using a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) score , pain relief score , and investigators ' and patients ' overall assessments of response to study drugs . total of 591 ( aceclofenac group : 297 ; diclofenac group : 294 ) patients were enrolled . cumulative incidence of GI AEs for dyspepsia ( 28.1 % versus 37.9 % ; p = 0.014 ) , abdominal pain ( 19 % versus 26.3 % ; p = 0.037 ) , overall incidence of predefined GI AEs ( 57.3 % versus 73.6 % ; p < 0.001 ) and number of patients reporting GI AEs ( 28.9 % versus 36.5 % ; p = 0.053 ) were significantly less in the aceclofenac group compared to the diclofenac group throughout the study . the AEs were mild to moderate in intensity . patients from the aceclofenac group required GPAs compared to the diclofenac group ( 28.17 % versus 33.68 % ; p = 0.155 ) . first 7 days of therapy , > 90 % of patients from aceclofenac group did not require GPAs . were no differences between the study groups in the various pain assessment scales when measured during the study period . was better tolerated in terms of incidence and severity of GI AEs and GPA requirement and was as efficacious as diclofenac . need for GPAs increased with the increase in duration of treatment with NSAIDs . , it could be concluded that usual practice of co-prescription of GPAs with aceclofenac could be avoided to improve patient compliance and reduce cost of treatment . , long term trials with endoscopic evaluation in the wider population are required to assess the GI tolerability of aceclofenac and diclofenac in detail ."
3311,Abstract #3311,"compare treatment satisfaction between real-time continuous glucose monitoring ( RT-CGM ) and internet-blood glucose monitoring ( IBGM ) in adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin . study recruited 40 patients who completed a parallel randomized controlled trial comparing a RT-CGM to an IBGM . in the RT-CGM group monitored their blood-glucose levels bi-weekly and emailed results to their endocrinologist . in the IBGM group also monitored their blood-glucose levels bi-weekly , but entered their data into an IBGM . groups used a secure website to submit blood-glucose readings and to receive feedback from their endocrinologist . included changes in therapy , suggestions on testing frequency , lifestyle modifications and/or encouragement to continue with no changes . the end of 6 months , treatment satisfaction was measured using the 8-item Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire . this study , `` treatment '' refers to the blood glucose monitoring system to which patients were randomized . of the 40 patients completed the treatment satisfaction questionnaire ( 80 % ) . to the RT-CGM group , the IBGM group reported a significantly higher level of overall treatment satisfaction ( 24.80 vs. 33.41 , p < 0.000 ) . of individual satisfaction components including convenience , flexibility , likelihood of recommending treatment to others , and willingness to continue with treatment were also found to be significantly higher in the IBGM group . using IBGM are more satisfied with their blood glucose monitoring system compared to those using RT-CGM ."
3312,Abstract #3312,"study the role of radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy for non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . 504 operable eligible cases with NSCLC were randomly divided to a radical lymphadenectomy ( RL ) group and a conventional lymph node dissection group ( control ) treated between Aug. 1989 and Dec. 1995 . patients postoperatively eligible , thirteen parameters ( operation type , pathological type and grade , tumor size , total number of dissected lymph nodes , number of metastatic lymph nodes , metastasis ratio of lymph nodes , postoperative TNM staging , adjuvant therapy , recurrence or metastasis , morbidity , survival and life quality ) were evaluated . end point of follow-up was Dec. 31 , 1998 . follow-up rate was 1.9 % . results were analyzed with soft were SPSS7 .5 . cumulative survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log rank test . prognostic factors were analyzed by the Cox model . were 320 cases , 160 cases in each group , who entered the study . mean numbers of dissected lymph nodes was 9.49 in the RL group and 3.63 in the control group . stage I NSCLC patients , the 1,3,5,9-year survival rate was 91.8 % , 86.9 % , 81.4 % , 74.2 % respectively in the RL group and 88.7 % , 72.5 % , 58.5 % , 52.1 % respectively in the control group ( P < 0.014 ) . , no statistically significant difference in survival rates between RL and control groups of patients with stage II and IIIA NSCLC . postoperative TNM staging , metastasis ratio of lymph nodes , extent of lymphadenectomy were the factors influencing long term survival upon multivariable analysis . lobectomy or pneumonectomy with radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy is the surgical treatment of choice for NSCLC ."
3313,Abstract #3313,"for thyroid autoimmunity in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria ( CIU ) is generally recommended . , there are not yet sufficient data as to whether levothyroxine treatment is beneficial for the clinical symptoms of CIU in patients with thyroid autoimmunity . investigated the effect of levothyroxine treatment on clinical symptoms and serum tumour necrosis factor ( TNF ) - alpha , interleukin ( IL ) -10 and interferon ( IFN ) - gamma levels in euthyroid patients with CIU and thyroid autoimmunity . total , 15 patients with CIU and positive thyroid autoantibodies were randomized to receive either levothyroxine plus 5 mg/day desloratadine ( suppression group , n = 8 ) or 5 mg/day desloratadine alone ( control group , n = 7 ) for 12 weeks . symptoms of CIU , thyroid hormone levels , thyroid antibodies and serum cytokine levels were assessed at baseline and after the treatment . were significant improvements in pruritus score and severity of weals in both groups compared with baseline values , but when the two groups were compared , there was no significant difference in the patients ' clinical symptoms . antibody titres were not different according to intragroup and intergroup analysis . the suppression group , serum IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha levels were increased after treatment with levothyroxine compared with baseline values and there was a borderline statistical significance ( P = 0.05 for both ) . results suggest that levothyroxine treatment is not a reasonable option in euthyroid patients with CIU and thyroid autoimmunity . of cytokine production after levothyroxine treatment seems to be related to the immunomodulatory effects of TSH-suppressive treatment ."
3314,Abstract #3314,"study the effect of advice to increase dietary soluble fibre , including fruit and vegetables , on plasma folate and homocysteine in men with angina . were collected on a subset of subjects from the Diet and Angina Randomised Trial ( DART II ) . a randomised ( 2 x 2 ) factorial design , subjects received advice on either , neither or both interventions to : ( 1 ) increase soluble fibre intake to 8.0 g day ( -1 ) ( fruit , vegetables and oats ) ; ( 2 ) increase oily fish intake to 2 portions week ( -1 ) . who received soluble fibre advice were compared with those who did not . were genotyped for C677T variant 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) . hundred and fifty-three male angina patients were recruited from general practice . homocysteine concentrations were at the upper end of the normal range ( median 11.5 , 25 % 9.4 , 75 % 14.0 micromol l ( -1 ) ) . intake of fruit and vegetables was positively correlated with plasma folate ( r ( s ) = 0.29 , P < 0.01 ) . had lower intakes of fruit and vegetables , lower plasma folate and higher homocysteine ( all P < 0.01 ) . for variant MTHFR had higher homocysteine concentrations at low plasma folate ( P < 0.01 ) . intakes of fruit and vegetables and estimated dietary folate increased in the intervention group ( ca . g day ( -1 ) , P < 0.01 and ca . g day ( -1 ) , P < 0.05 , respectively ) . , neither plasma folate ( baseline/follow-up 4.5 vs. 4.4 microg l ( -1 ) , P = 0.40 ) nor homocysteine ( baseline/follow-up 11.7 vs. 11.7 micromol l ( -1 ) , P = 0.31 ) changed . homocysteine , a cardiovascular risk factor , is influenced by MTHFR genotype , plasma folate and smoking status . advice successfully led to changes in fruit and vegetable intake , but not to changes in plasma folate or homocysteine , possibly because the fruits and vegetables that were chosen were not those richest in folate ."
3315,Abstract #3315,"modality treatment using multidrug chemotherapy ( CTh ) and radiotherapy ( RT ) is currently considered the standard of care in early stage Hodgkin 's disease . role in advanced stages , however , continues to be debated . study was aimed at evaluating the role of consolidation radiation in patients achieving a complete remission after six cycles of doxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine , and dacarbazine ( ABVD ) chemotherapy using event-free survival ( EFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) as primary end points . hundred and fifty-one patients with Hodgkin 's disease attending the lymphoma clinic at the Tata Memorial Hospital ( Mumbai , India ) from 1993 to 1996 received induction chemotherapy with six cycles of ABVD after initial staging evaluation . total of 179 of 251 patients ( 71 % ) achieved a complete remission after six cycles of ABVD chemotherapy and constituted the randomized population . were randomly assigned to receive either consolidation radiation or no further therapy . a median follow-up of 63 months , the 8-year EFS and OS in the CTh-alone arm were 76 % and 89 % , respectively , as compared with 88 % and 100 % in the CTh + RT arm ( P = .01 ; P = .002 ) . of RT improved EFS and OS in patients with age < 15 years ( P = .02 ; P = .04 ) , B symptoms ( P = .03 ; P = .006 ) , advanced stage ( P = .03 ; P = .006 ) , and bulky disease ( P = .04 ; P = .19 ) . study suggests that the addition of consolidation radiation helps improve the EFS and OS in patients achieving a complete remission after six cycles of ABVD chemotherapy , particularly in the younger age group and in patients with B symptoms and bulky and advanced disease ."
3316,Abstract #3316,"determine whether the adjunctive drugs antihistamine and corticosteroid improve immediate and long-term outcomes of acute otitis media ( AOM ) . with AOM ( 3 mos-6 y ) were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . 179 children received one dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone and were assigned to receive either chlorpheniramine maleate ( 0.35 mg/kg/d ) and/or prednisolone ( 2 mg/kg/day ) or placebo for 5 days . outcome measures were rate of treatment failure during the first 2 weeks , duration of middle ear effusion , and rate of recurrences of AOM to 6 months . outcomes and recurrence rates did not differ significantly with treatment . who received antihistamine alone had significantly longer duration of middle ear effusion ( median , 73 days ) than subjects in other treatment groups ( median , 23 to 36 days , P = .04 ) . normalization of tympanometric findings on day 5 occurred more frequently in the corticosteroid-treated group ( P = .04 ) . treatment with antihistamine or corticosteroid , in addition to antibiotic , did not improve AOM outcomes . use during an acute episode of OM should be avoided , since the drug may prolong the duration of middle ear effusion . efficacy of 7 - to 10-day treatment of AOM with corticosteroid , in addition to antibiotic , deserves further investigation ."
3317,Abstract #3317,"( 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A [ HMG-CoA ] reductase inhibitors ) have been used for a decade to lower low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol levels and to improve cardiovascular disease and clinical outcomes . evaluate the safety profile of atorvastatin ( Lipitor ) . were pooled for 21 completed ( 2502 patients ) and 23 ongoing ( 1769 patients ) clinical trials of atorvastatin conducted in US and international community - and university-based research centers . these trials , patients with lipid disorders received atorvastatin at dosages of 10 to 80 mg/d . majority of patients had moderate to severe hypercholesterolemia and were treated from 4 weeks to more than 24 months . and creatine phosphokinase levels and adverse events were recorded . was well tolerated ; fewer than 2 % of the atorvastatin-treated patients withdrew due to drug-attributable adverse events . overall adverse event profile for atorvastatin was similar to that observed with other statins . most common adverse events with atorvastatin as well as with other statins tested were constipation , flatulence , dyspepsia , and abdominal pain . 5 % of atorvastatin-treated patients had serious adverse events ; only 2 of these events were possibly associated with treatment . patients ( 0.7 % ) had confirmed transaminase elevations greater than 3 times the upper limit of the normal range . elevations occurred within 16 weeks of beginning treatment . patients had a conclusive characterization of drug-induced myopathy . safety profile of atorvastatin was consistent with that of all statins tested and was similar to that seen in all compounds of this class ."
3318,Abstract #3318,"investigate the effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of R - and S-acenocoumarol and on their combined anticoagulant activity . healthy male subjects completed a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , two-way cross-over study . were given either omeprazole 40 mg or placebo once daily for 3 days . day 2 of each study period , a single 10 mg oral dose of racemic acenocoumarol was administered and venous blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments . wash-out period of 2 weeks separated the two study periods . pharmacokinetics of R - and S-acenocoumarol ( AUC 3016 + / - 221 and 233 + / - 14 ng ml ( -1 ) h , respectively ) did not change after omeprazole ( AUC 2929 + / - 256 and 220 + / - 18 ng ml ( -1 ) h , respectively ) . activity ( INRmax 1.7 + / - 0.1 ) was unaffected by co-administration of omeprazole ( INRmax 1.7 + / - 0.1 ) . short-term intake of omeprazole does not affect acenocoumarol pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics . data differ from the results of previous studies on the effect of omeprazole on warfarin , suggesting a different in vivo interaction profile of omeprazole on acenocoumarol than on warfarin . interaction studies with oral anticoagulants should not be restricted to the use of warfarin ."
3319,Abstract #3319,"trials evaluating pressure garment and/or silicone therapy as a treatment for hypertrophic burn scarring are of poor quality and highly susceptible to bias . authors ' aim was to compare the efficacy of pressure garment therapy alone and in combination with silicone gel sheet or spray therapy for the prevention of hypertrophic scarring . authors conducted an open , single-center , randomized controlled study with intraindividual comparison of study preparations and control to standard treatment . consecutive patients with two comparable areas of split-thickness graft burn wounds were recruited into the study , and 38 patients were followed up for 18 months . patients received compression garments and were randomized to one of two treatment groups : ( 1 ) self-drying silicone spray and compression versus compression alone and ( 2 ) silicone sheeting and compression versus compression alone . assessment , measurement of scar redness , height , and photographic documentation of each treated area were performed at different visits over an 18-month follow-up period . was tested using repeated-measures analyses and Wilcoxon paired-sample signed rank tests . of pressure garment therapy alone produced results equivalent to those of combined silicone and pressure garment therapy in the prevention of hypertrophic scars . efficacy of silicone spray therapy was comparable to that of silicone gel sheet therapy in the prevention of hypertrophic scars . treated with silicone spray had fewer side effects when compared with the silicone sheet group . therapy with silicone and pressure garment therapy failed to prevent hypertrophic scars beyond that observed with pressure garment therapy alone . , II ."
3320,Abstract #3320,"investigate the validity of a clinical neuropsychological battery for the detection of malingering on tests of memory . simulated scenario design was developed to investigate the effectiveness of a battery of four neuropsychological tests in the detection of malingering ; the Coin in the Hand Test ( CIH ) , Autobiographical Memory Index ( AMI ) , Rey I 5-Item Test ( RIT ) , and the Wechsler Mental Control Test ( MCT ) . performances of patients with an acquired brain injury ( N = 40 ) were compared with two groups of controls instructed either to simulate a head injury performance ( N = 40 ) or do their best ( N = 40 ) . CIH and MCT demonstrated good validity and displayed high sensitivity and specificity . RIT and the AMI was relatively poor in distinguishing between simulators and patients . sensitivity and specificity of all four tests to the detection of malingering has been assessed . of the tests the CIH and MCT would be useful as a quick and accurate screening tool for detecting malingering ."
3321,Abstract #3321,"determine if the use of pressure-reducing wheelchair cushions for elderly nursing home resident wheelchair users who are at high risk for developing sitting-acquired pressure ulcers would result in a lower incidence rate of pressure ulcers , a greater number of days until ulceration , and lower peak interface pressures compared with the use of convoluted foam cushions over a 12-month period . determine the feasibility of conducting a subsequent full-scale definitive trial to evaluate the use of pressure-reducing seat cushions for elderly nursing home resident wheelchair users . control trial skilled nursing facilities ( 1 suburban and 1 urban academic medical center ) male and female at-risk nursing home residents who were wheelchair users > or = 65 years of age . had Braden Scale scores < or = 18 , Braden Activity and Mobilitysubscale scores < or = 5 , no sitting surface pressure ulcers , and a daily wheelchair sitting tolerance of more than 6 hours . met criteria for using the ETAC Twin wheelchair . evaluation with pressure-mapping and subsequent seating prescription . were assigned to either a foam ( n = 17 ) or pressure-reducing cushion ( n = 15 ) group and weekly assessments of skin and pressure ulcer risk were made . of pressure ulcers , days to ulceration , and peak interface pressure . a 95 % confidence interval , a 2-tailed analysis showed no differences between the FOAM and pressure-reducing cushion groups for pressure ulcer incidence , total days to pressure ulcer , or initial peak interface pressure . cushions were more effective in preventing sitting-acquired ( ischial ) pressure ulcers ( P < .005 ) . interface pressures were associated with a higher incidence of pressure ulcers ( P < .001 ) . definitive randomized control multicenter cushion trial is feasible with a sample size of 50 to 100 per study group . the definitive trial , the definition of sitting-acquired pressure ulcers should be limited to lesions occurring over the ischial tuberosities ."
3322,Abstract #3322,"evaluate the verbal and written preoperative information in patients undergoing surgery for malignant gynaecologic disease , in terms of satisfaction about preoperative received informations , hospitalization days , postoperative pain experienced using visual analogue scale ( VAS ) and number of pain drugs used daily . January 2008 to December 2012 , consecutive patients with diagnosis of endometrial cancer , referred to the Division of Gynecology of University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , were enrolled . subjects were randomized into two groups : Group V ( Verbal information ward ) consisted of patients who had verbal preoperative information about surgical procedure and postoperative management and Group W ( Written Information ward ) consisted of patients who had written preoperative information . preoperative and postoperative data were recorded . satisfaction about preoperative received informations , patients were asked to complete the QLQ-C30 and the EORTC INFO25 . patients were considered in this study . W ( n = 92 ) has a better info satisfaction ( p = 0.0008 , statistically significant ) , a mean VAS value lower ( p = 0.02 , statistically significant ) and also a lower number of hospitalization days ( p = 0.0265 , statistically significant ) and pain medications used daily , ( p = 0.0120 , statistically significant ) , comparing with group V ( n = 98 ) . support the use of preoperative information leaflet to better prepare patients for a surgical procedure , showing a faster recovery , low medications use and a better quality of life outcome ."
3323,Abstract #3323,"agitated recovery may occur after inhalation anesthesia . aim of the present study was to assess the recovery quality after mask anesthesia with either halothane or sevoflurane in children . children , 8 months to 18 years of age , scheduled for minor surgery , were randomly assigned to receive either halothane or sevoflurane . patients were premedicated with midazolam and anesthesia was induced i.v. with propofol or by inhalation and maintained with halothane or sevoflurane in N2O/O2 via face mask . was assessed by a `` blinded '' observer using a postanesthetic recovery score . and pain were judged using a visual analog scale . incidence of vomiting was noted . day after anesthesia older children and parents of younger children were interviewed about their experience of the anesthesia and recovery period . were no differences between groups in respect of age , weight , length , or duration of surgery or inhalational gas exposure . time from end of administration of inhalational agent to spontaneous eye opening was less after sevoflurane ( 25 min ) than after halothane ( 48 min ) , ( P < 0.01 ) . , recovery was faster after sevoflurane anesthesia ( P < 0.05 ) . , but not pain , occurred more frequently after sevoflurane than after halothane ( P < 0.05 ) and agitation was significantly more common in younger children . was no difference in duration of hospital stay between day-care patients in the two groups . postanesthetic agitation and recovery was faster after mask anesthesia with sevoflurane than after halothane . was a higher incidence of agitation in younger children , without correlation to pain ."
3324,Abstract #3324,"persists over the benefits of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPV ) for adults at high risk for pneumococcal disease . studied PPV , protein-conjugate pneumococcal vaccine ( PCV ) , and immunologic `` priming '' with PCV followed by `` boosting '' with PPV in adults who had recovered from pneumococcal pneumonia . received PPV followed by PCV 6 months later , or vice versa . levels of IgG to capsular polysaccharide and opsonophagocytic killing activity ( OPK ) were studied at baseline and at 4-8 weeks and 6 months after each vaccination . and PCV stimulated similar IgG levels and OPK at 4-8 weeks after vaccination . months after receipt of PPV , the antibody levels declined to baseline but remained modestly elevated after receipt of PCV . administered 6 months after PPV stimulated modest increases in IgG level that failed to reach the peaks observed after receipt of PPV . contrast , PPV administered 6 months after PCV caused dramatic increases in the levels of IgG and OPK for all polysaccharides at 4-8 weeks , consistent with a booster effect . months after receipt of the second vaccination , however , levels of IgG and OPK fell precipitously in all patients , approaching baseline levels . these high-risk subjects who have recovered after treatment for pneumonia , the effect of PPV is short-lived ; PCV stimulates a more prolonged response . use of PPV as a booster following PCV causes early increases in antibody levels , but the level of IgG declines rapidly thereafter , consistent with induction of suppressor cells or tolerance . vaccines may be needed for high-risk adults ."
3325,Abstract #3325,"pretreatment reduces injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion . investigate the hypothesis that adenosine pretreatment would modulate injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion , we conducted a randomized controlled trial on the effects of adenosine pretreatment in children undergoing surgery to repair congenital heart defects . undergoing surgery to repair congenital heart defects were randomized to adenosine pretreatment or control treatment . pretreatment was performed by infusing a total of 2.45 mg kg of adenosine over 10 min . troponin I was measured pre - and postoperatively . clinical parameters , including postoperative use of inotropic medicine and duration in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) , were recorded . total of 82 patients were enrolled in the study . were 42 control patients and 40 patients in the adenosine pretreatment group . mean age and weight of the two groups were not significantly different , nor were cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times . were no deaths and severe complications in both groups . adenosine pretreatment protocol caused significant hypotension but had no significant effect on heart rate . patient had severe tachycardia shortly after the adenosine pretreatment protocol was completed , and adenosine infusion was continued until CPB was started . levels of serum troponin I were greater in the control patients than in the adenosine pretreatment group , indicating that the control group suffered greater myocardial injury . group patients required more postoperative inotropic agents than those in the adenosine pretreatment group at 0 , 1 , and 3 h , indicating that the adenosine pretreatment group had a better cardiac function . adenosine pretreatment group also required significantly less time in the ICU than the control group ( 3.2 1.2 days vs 3.9 1.2 days , p = 0.013 ) . study demonstrates that adenosine pretreatment is protective of the myocardium during open-heart surgery in pediatric patients ."
3326,Abstract #3326,"stimulate the growth of bifidogenic bacteria in the gut . aim of this work was to assess the effects of a prebiotic mixture on the immune response in healthy elderly people . free-living elderly people ( age , > or = 70 years ) , receiving a nutritional supplement that provided 1.6 MJ , 15 g of protein , and 50 % of vitamin daily reference values per day , were randomly assigned to receive a prebiotic mixture ( 6 g/d of a 70 % raftilose and 30 % raftiline mixture ) or placebo ( 6 g of maltodextrin powder ) for 28 weeks . week 2 of the study , all subjects were vaccinated with influenza and pneumococcal vaccines . weeks 0 , 2 , and 8 of the study , serum total proteins , albumin , immunoglobulins , saliva secretory immunoglobulin A ( IgA ) , and serum titers of influenza A and B and pneumococcal antibodies were measured . week 8 , cultured peripheral monocyte cell secretion of interleukin-4 , interferon-gamma , and lymphocyte proliferation , stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and influenza antigen , were measured . subjects were considered eligible for the study , and 43 ( 20 receiving prebiotics and 23 receiving placebo ) were considered for final analyses on a per protocol basis . changes in serum proteins , albumin , immunoglobulins , and secretory IgA were observed . against influenza B and pneumococcus increased significantly from weeks 0 to 8 , with no significant differences between groups . against influenza A did not increase . effects of prebiotics on interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma secretion by cultured monocytes were observed . immunological effects of prebiotics were observed in this study ."
3327,Abstract #3327,"are accustomed to right internal jugular vein ( IJV ) cannulation guided by pulsation for 20 years or more . study was conducted to evaluate whether this method is a safe and certain method . obtaining informed consent , 100 elective surgical patients requiring central venous catheterization during perioperative period were randomly assigned to either the pulsation group in which IJV pulsation was used for a landmark of puncture or the US group in which IJV was recognized with ultrasonography before puncture . was observed in 98 patients . rate of first attempt with a 23 G seeking needle was 85.7 % in the pulsation group and 86 % in the US group . was successfully cannulated at 1 pass in the entire pulsation group and 92 % in the US group . frequency of puncture with cannula was significantly lower in the pulsation group than that of the US group . puncture with the seeking needle was recorded in 3 patients in the US group . rate of first attempt in this study was comparable to other studies using ultrasonographic guidance . jugular vein cannulation by pulsation method is a safe and certain method ."
3328,Abstract #3328,"condom promotion schemes have been widely piloted in UK general practices , there have been no rigorous evaluations of their effectiveness . see if a practice-based sexual health education intervention increases the number of women having smears who are given condoms and advice on avoiding STDs . see if this low cost intervention affects subsequent condom use . conducted a cluster randomized trial of condom promotion in 1382 women aged < 35 years attending 28 South London general practices for cervical smear tests . women in intervention than control practices reported receiving advice on avoiding sexually transmitted infections ( 27 % versus 10 % ) and being given condoms ( 28 % versus 1 % , P < 0.05 ) . , there was no difference in subsequent condom use , even in the 22 % of women reporting > / = 2 sexual partners in the previous year . provide evidence of effectiveness , future interventions may need to be more intensive or focus on higher risk groups ."
3329,Abstract #3329,"than 40 % of men with LUTS consult their doctor . consider the LUTS as physiological and are resigned to endure them . is necessary to foster awareness of the micturition disorders , to monitor their development and to assess the effectiveness of therapies . present the only validated test is the IPSS-Q8 , but in Italy it is used by only 4 % of General Practitioners ( GPs ) . the IPSS is complex and not easy to handle , we need a more simple test but nevertheless efficient . Italian Society of Urology ( SIU ) and the Italian Society for Interdisciplinary Primary Care ( SIICP ) presented the `` Quick Prostate Test '' ( QPT ) in November 2012 . aimed to evaluate the efficiency of QPT versus the IPSSQ8 and its suitability in primary care . QPT is composed of 3 questions to be answered `` yes '' or `` no . '' answer `` yes '' just to one question makes `` positive '' the test . enrolled 64 men , 50 years old , suffering from BPH , extracted from the database of five GPs . patients were randomized into two arms : to the arm 1 only QPT was administered , to verify efficiency of the test ; to the arm 2 both the QPT that the IPSS-Q8 were administered . the arm 1 , the 96.4 % has tested positive for QPT . the arm 2 , the 89 % of patients with one or two positive responses to the QPT showed a moderate IPSSQ8 score ; the 75 % of the patients with three positive responses to the QPT had a serious IPSS-Q8 score . GPs ( 80 % ) have expressed the highest level of satisfaction for the QPT for the `` time of administration '' and for the `` simplicity '' of the test . experience with the QPT has shown that the test is efficient and suitable in the primary care setting . want to encourage the GPs to use the QPT for the monitoring of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS ) and to contribute to the validation of the test ."
3330,Abstract #3330,"purpose of this randomized , controlled clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of a new treatment approach , which consisted of laterally positioned flap ( LPF ) procedure combined with an external vestibular releasing incision made by a diode laser ( LALPF ) to LPF alone for the treatment of isolated gingival recession defects . healthy patients presenting single Miller class II isolated gingival recessions with minimal loss of interdental papilla were treated with an LPF technique . patients were randomly assigned to the test group ( laser-assisted laterally positioned flap [ LALPF ] ) , and the other 16 patients were assigned to the control group ( LPF ) . the test group , diode laser was used for vestibular deepening in order to obtain maximum maneuverability of the advanced flap . and patient-centered parameters ( visual analog scale for pain and aesthetics [ VAS ] ) were measured at baseline , 7 days , and 6 months after the surgery . root coverage from baseline to 6 months post-surgery was achieved for 46.7 % of the control group and 81.2 % of the test group ( p = 0.044 ) . were no differences in VAS pain measurements between the groups . satisfaction with aesthetics was higher in LALPF group than in the LPF group . month results showed that the LALPF approach was effective for the treatment of single Miller class II gingival recessions ."
3331,Abstract #3331,"observe the effects of Qiwei Baizhu Powder ( QWBZP ) on rotaviral gastroenteritis in children and in animal models . patients were divided into two groups , and one group was treated with oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) and the other treated with oral liquid of QWBZP . mice were orally infected with 50 microL rotavirus suspension ( 4 X 10 ( 8 ) PFU/mL ) and treated with ORS or oral liquid of QWBZP , respectively . cases of rotaviral gastroenteritis treated with QWBZP revealed a better efficacy than that treated with ORS ( X ( 2 ) = 10.87 , P < 0.05 ) . contents of sodium and glucose as well as number of patients with positive human rotavirus antigen in stool in QWBZP group were all less than that in ORS group . animal models , QWBZP was found effective in treating rotavirus gastroenteritis in neonate NIH mice , as compared with control groups . QWBZP group , the mortality of infected mice was decreased by 73.3 % , the body weight of infected mice was increased , the contents of sodium and glucose as well as number of mice with positive rotavirus antigen in feces were significantly reduced , and the pathological changes such as damage of small intestinal mucosa and villi were also obviously alleviated . has effects on improving the absorptive function of small intestine , shortening the duration of diarrhea and rotavirus shedding from stool and alleviating the pathological changes of small intestine induced by rotavirus ."
3332,Abstract #3332,"electrical stimulation therapy ( FET ) has a potential to improve voluntary grasping among individuals with tetraplegia secondary to traumatic spinal cord injury ( SCI ) . single-site , randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of 40 hours of FET with conventional occupational therapy ( COT ) compared with COT alone to improve grasping . subjects with subacute traumatic incomplete SCI ( C4-C7 , AIS B-D ) consented to participate in 40 hours of therapy over 8 weeks , beyond the conventional rehabilitation program . were randomized to receive FET + COT ( n = 9 ) or COT ( n = 12 ) . key outcomes were changes in Functional Independence Measure ( FIM ) self-care subscores , Spinal Cord Independence Measure ( SCIM ) self-care subscores , and Toronto Rehabilitation Institute Hand Function Test ( TRI-HFT ) performed at baseline and follow-up . the end of the treatments , the change in mean FIM self-care subscore for the FET + COT group was 20.1 versus 10 ( P = .015 ) for the COT group . randomized to FET + COT also had greater improvements in the SCIM and TRI-HFT . longer term follow-up was feasible . significantly reduced disability and improved voluntary grasping beyond the effects of considerable conventional upper extremity therapy in individuals with tetraplegia ."
3333,Abstract #3333,"evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of intense pulsed light rejuvenation in a homogeneous group of patients . controlled split-face trial . dermatology department . female volunteers with Fitzpatrick skin type I through III and class I or II rhytids . were randomized to 3 intense pulsed light treatments at 1-month intervals or to no treatment of right or left sides of the face . end points were skin texture and rhytids . end points were telangiectasia , irregular pigmentation , and adverse effects . was evaluated by patient self-assessments and by blinded clinical and photographic evaluations up to 9 months after final treatment . effects were assessed clinically and by noninvasive skin reflectance measurements . texture was significantly improved at all clinical assessments except at the 6-month examination ( P < .006 ) . improvements peaked at 1 month after treatment , at which time 23 ( 82 % ) of 28 patients had better appearances of treated vs untreated sides . patients obtained mild or moderate improvements , and 16 patients ( 58 % ) self-reported mild or moderate efficacy on skin texture . were not significantly different on treated vs untreated sides , and 19 patients ( 68 % ) reported uncertain or no efficacy on rhytids . improvements of telangiectasia ( P < .001 ) and irregular pigmentation ( P < .03 ) were found at all assessments . patients withdrew from the study because of pain related to treatment . intense pulsed light treatments improved skin texture , telangiectasia , and irregular pigmentation but had no efficacy on rhytids . events were minimal , but included scar in 1 patient ."
3334,Abstract #3334,"caused by group B streptococcal ( GBS ) type V are increasingly common . polysaccharide ( CPS ) - protein conjugate GBS vaccines are immunogenic in healthy adults , but type V vaccines have not previously been tested . healthy , nonpregnant women were randomized to receive an intramuscular dose of GBS type V CPS-tetanus toxoid ( TT ) vaccine ( n = 15 ) , GBS type V CPS-cross-reactive material ( CRM ( 197 ) ) conjugate vaccine ( n = 15 ) , or placebo ( n = 5 ) ( double-masked design ) . of serum antibodies to type V CPS were measured by ELISA , and functional activity was measured by opsonophagocytosis . vaccines were well tolerated . increases in type V CPS-specific immunoglobulin G ( IgG ) were elicited by both vaccines , peaking at 4-8 weeks and persisting for 26 weeks . or greater increases in type V CPS-specific IgG concentrations were noted in postimmunization serum samples obtained from 93 % of subjects in each vaccine group . concentrations persisted in > or = 85 % of conjugate-vaccine recipients 104 weeks later . V CPS-specific immunoglobulin M was a dominant isotype of immune response to each conjugate . serum samples promoted opsonophagocytic killing of GBS type V in vitro , whereas those from placebo recipients did not . type V conjugate vaccines are safe and immunogenic and would be appropriate for inclusion in a candidate multivalent GBS vaccine ."
3335,Abstract #3335,"ventilation with pressure support ( NIV-PS ) therapy can augment ventilation ; however , such therapy is fixed and may not adapt to varied patient needs . tested the hypothesis that in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency , a newer mode of ventilation [ averaged volume assured pressure support ( AVAPS ) ] and lateral decubitus position were associated with better sleep efficiency than NIV-PS and supine position . secondary aim was to assess the effect of mode of ventilation , body position , and sleep-wakefulness state on minute ventilation ( V ( E ) ) in the same patients . , randomized , cross-over , prospective study . institution . patients . or AVAPS therapy . sleep studies were performed in each patient ; prescription validation night , AVAPS or NIV-PS , and crossover to alternate mode . was not different between AVAPS and NIV-PS . body position was associated with worse sleep efficiency than lateral decubitus position ( 77.9 + / - 22.9 and 85.2 + / - 10.5 % ; P = 0.04 ) . ( E ) was lower during stage 2 NREM and REM sleep than during wakefulness ( P < 0.0001 ) ; was lower during NIV-PS than AVAPS ( P = 0.029 ) ; tended to be lower with greater body mass index ( P = 0.07 ) , but was not influenced by body position . patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency , supine position was associated with worse sleep efficiency than the lateral decubitus position . was comparable to NIV-PS therapy with regard to sleep , but statistically greater V ( E ) during AVAPS than NIV-PS of unclear significance was observed . ( E ) was determined by sleep-wakefulness state , body mass index , and mode of therapy ."
3336,Abstract #3336,"multi-centered clinical trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of domestic intravenous Turbutalin Sulfate in the treatment of asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis . was used as control . total of 120 patients were included in this randomized controlled study . two medications , both at a dose of 0.25 mg intravenous drip , were given three times a day for 3-5 days . two drugs ' clinical excellent rates were 66.7 % and 73.3 % ; overall efficacy rates were 98.3 % and 100.0 % , respectively . pulmonary functional excellent rates were 78.4 % and 76.6 % ; overall effect rates were 88.3 % and 90.0 % , respectively . curative evaluation showed that the two drug 's composite excellent rates were 61.6 % both ; their overall efficacy rates were 88.3 % and 90.0 % , respectively . of these showed no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) . incidence rates of adverse side effects of the two groups were 13.5 % and 15.0 % , respectively ; most of them were mild and tolerable . intravenous Terbutalin Sulfate is effective and safe in treating asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis ."
3337,Abstract #3337,"increased availability of genetic tests for common , complex diseases , such as Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) , raises questions about what people are willing to pay for these services . studied willingness-to-pay for genetic testing in a study of AD risk assessment that included APOE genotype disclosure among 276 first-degree relatives of persons with AD . percent reported that they would ask for such testing from their doctor if it were covered by health insurance , and 60 % would ask for it even if it required self-pay . percent were willing to pay more than $ 100 for testing , and more than half would have been willing to pay for the test out of pocket . who learned that they were APOE 4 positive and those who had higher education were less likely to want testing if covered by insurance , possibly to avoid discrimination . is the first report to examine willingness to pay for susceptibility genetic testing in a sample of participants who had actually undergone such testing . findings reveal that some participants find valuable personal utility in genetic risk information even when such information does not have proven clinical utility ."
3338,Abstract #3338,"investigate whether appointments for screening timed in proximity to annual milestones ( birthdays , Christmas and New Year ) may be used as a strategy to improve attendance for screening for colorectal cancer . controlled trial . of Oslo ( urban ) and Telemark county ( urban and rural ) , Norway . screened adults ( 64.7 % of those invited ) . rates for each week and month of assigned appointment . rates were significantly higher in December than the rest of the year ( 72.3 % v 64.6 % , P < 0.001 ) in adults who received an invitation in the week of their birthday or were assigned to screening in the first or second week after their birthday ( 67.9 % v 64.5 % , P = 0.007 ) . effect was most pronounced in the urban population of Oslo . a multivariable logistic regression model , attendance improved in those who received an invitation in the week of their birthday or were assigned to screening in the first or second week after their birthday ( odds ratio 1.15 , 95 % confidence interval 1.03 to 1.28 ) and those who were assigned to screening in December ( odds ratio 1.45 , 1.16 to 1.82 ) . rates for screening for colorectal cancer were higher in December and around attendees ' birthdays , the latter particularly in an urban population . with screening programmes may therefore be improved by timing invitations in proximity to annual milestones . Trials NCT00119912 ."
3339,Abstract #3339,"determine whether epidural analgesia during labour is associated with long term backache . up after randomised controlled trial . by intention to treat . of obstetrics and gynaecology at one NHS trust . women : 184 randomised to epidural group ( treatment as allocated received by 123 ) and 185 randomised to non-epidural group ( treatment as allocated received by 133 ) . the follow up study 151 women were from the epidural group and 155 from the non-epidural group . reported low back pain , disability , and limitation of movement assessed through one to one interviews with physiotherapist , questionnaire on back pain and disability , physical measurements of spinal mobility . were no significant differences between groups in demographic details or other key characteristics . mean time interval from delivery to interview was 26 months . were no significant differences in the onset or duration of low back pain , with nearly a third of women in each group reporting pain in the week before interview . were no differences in self reported measures of disability in activities of daily living and no significant differences in measurements of spinal mobility . childbirth there are no differences in the incidence of long term low back pain , disability , or movement restriction between women who receive epidural pain relief and women who receive other forms of pain relief ."
3340,Abstract #3340,"the neck after organ-preservation treatment with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy can be problematic . develop management guidelines , we reviewed the results of a 100-patient phase-3 trial that had compared outcome after radiotherapy alone with outcome after chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer . were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy . completing therapy , patients were reassessed , and surgery was recommended for persistent disease at the primary site or neck and for all patients with stage N2-3 neck nodes regardless of clinical response . the 47 patients with stage NO-1 , 43 had a complete response ( CR ) ; of the 18 N1 patients , all but 4 had a CR . of these 4 , as well as 5 others among the NO-1 patients , underwent neck dissection ( n = 6 ) . disease was found on pathologic examination , and no patient had neck recurrence . the remaining 41 N0-1 patients , 3 had disease progression and received no further therapy . the 38 others , 4 had neck recurrence , with 3 recurring at the primary site . the 53 with stage N2-3 , 23 had less than a complete response ( < CR ) , and 30 had a CR . 35 N2-3 patients , neck dissection was performed as planned . these 35 , 18 had a CR in the neck ; 4 had positive nodes on pathologic examination . other 17 had a < CR in the neck ; 8 had positive nodes on pathologic examination . patient in this group of 17 had regional recurrence after a pathologically negative neck dissection . the 18 N2-3 patients who did not undergo planned neck dissection , 6 had tumor progression and had no further therapy . other 12 , all with a CR in the neck , were followed , and 3 had neck recurrence ; none successfully salvaged . a CR in 30 N2-3 patients , 7 had persistent disease or eventual neck recurrence . neck dissection minimized neck recurrence ( p = .05 ) . N2-3 patients , disease-specific survival was significantly better in patients with a CR in the neck ( p = .002 ) . survival was not affected by neck dissection ( p = .40 ) but was significantly affected by viable tumor in the specimen ( p = .03 ) . on these results and the realization that it is difficult to follow patients for recurrent neck cancer , that salvage is often unsuccessful , and that patients dying from uncontrollable neck disease have an extremely poor quality of life , we recommend neck dissection for all N2-3 patients regardless of the neck response and for N1 patients without a CR ."
3341,Abstract #3341,"to its pharmacological properties , opipramol may be useful in the context of evening premedication in anaesthesiology . trial examines whether quality of sleep the night prior to surgery can be improved by opipramol and whether this effect is dose dependent . second objective of this study is to examine whether the emotional state ( in particular anxiety ) is affected by opipramol . female patients were randomly assigned to 100 mg opipramol , 150 mg opipramol or placebo ( 24 patients per group ) in a double-blind trial . application was in the evening prior to an elective surgery . were recorded the next morning by means of self-rating questionnaires regarding subjective sleep quality of the last night and patients ' current subjective state . self-rating was done by use of the Wuerzburg Sleep Questionnaire , by use of mood inventories [ BSKE ( EWL ) and STAI-X1 ] and by use of the Multidimensional Somatic Symptom List . dependent variables were heart rate and blood pressure . data analysis was conducted for subjective quality of sleep . mg opipramol as well as 150 mg opipramol significantly improved subjective quality of sleep ( p < 0.001 ) . drug conditions did not differ in this effect . marginally reduced anxiety ( STAI-X1 ) . autonomic variables remained uninfluenced . were no adverse events and no hints for interaction with anaesthesia . may be used as a premedication in the evening prior to surgery if the primary target is an impact on the experienced quality of sleep . this a single dosage of 100 mg opipramol is sufficient and can be recommended ."
3342,Abstract #3342,"( serum sodium concentration , < 135 mmol per liter ) is a predictor of death among patients with chronic heart failure and cirrhosis . present , therapy for acute and chronic hyponatremia is often ineffective and poorly tolerated . investigated whether tolvaptan , an orally active vasopressin V ( 2 ) - receptor antagonist that promotes aquaresis -- excretion of electrolyte-free water -- might be of benefit in hyponatremia . two multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials , the efficacy of tolvaptan was evaluated in patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia . were randomly assigned to oral placebo ( 223 patients ) or oral tolvaptan ( 225 ) at a dose of 15 mg daily . dose of tolvaptan was increased to 30 mg daily and then to 60 mg daily , if necessary , on the basis of serum sodium concentrations . two primary end points for all patients were the change in the average daily area under the curve for the serum sodium concentration from baseline to day 4 and the change from baseline to day 30 . sodium concentrations increased more in the tolvaptan group than in the placebo group during the first 4 days ( P < 0.001 ) and after the full 30 days of therapy ( P < 0.001 ) . condition of patients with mild or marked hyponatremia improved ( P < 0.001 for all comparisons ) . the week after discontinuation of tolvaptan on day 30 , hyponatremia recurred . effects associated with tolvaptan included increased thirst , dry mouth , and increased urination . planned analysis that combined the two trials showed significant improvement from baseline to day 30 in the tolvaptan group according to scores on the Mental Component of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short-Form General Health Survey . patients with euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia , tolvaptan , an oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist , was effective in increasing serum sodium concentrations at day 4 and day 30 . ClinicalTrials.gov numbers , NCT00072683 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] [ SALT-1 ] and NCT00201994 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] [ SALT-2 ] . )"
3343,Abstract #3343,"investigate the effective method in treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis . hundred and ten children were clinically diagnosed as chronic sinusitis and randomly divided into three groups as pulmicort , rhinocort and routine treatment group , respectively . the patients in different group were systemic treated by corresponding method for two weeks . effective rates were 84 % for pulmicort treatment group , 61 % for rhinocort treatment group and 48 % for routine treatment group , so the effective rate for the patients treated with pulmicort were significantly higher than that with either rhinocort or routine treatment . can be used to treat pediatric chronic sinusitis with higher effective rate ."
3344,Abstract #3344,", men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer ( PC ) were classified into favorable and unfavorable categories ; however , whether the risk of PC-specific mortality ( PCSM ) among men with high-risk PC versus unfavorable intermediate-risk PC is increased is unknown . a prospective , randomized trial conducted between 1995 and 2001 , 206 men with intermediate-risk or high-risk PC were randomized to receive 70 Gy with or without 6 months of androgen-suppression therapy ( AST ) . subgroup of 197 patients with information available on the percentage of positive biopsies formed the cohort . and Gray regression analysis was used to assess whether men with high-risk PC versus unfavorable intermediate-risk PC had an increased risk of PCSM . a median follow-up of 14.3 years , there were 127 deaths ( 64.5 % ) , including 22 deaths ( 17.3 % ) from PC . were no PC deaths in the favorable intermediate-risk group . was an increase in the risk of PCSM among men with high-risk PC versus unfavorable intermediate-risk PC , but the difference was not significant ( adjusted hazard ratio , 1.59 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.66-3 .83 ; P = .30 ) after adjusting for age , randomized treatment arm , and comorbidity . lack of PC deaths among men with favorable intermediate-risk PC suggests that adding AST may not reduce their risk of PCSM ; whereas many men with unfavorable intermediate-risk PC are at risk for harboring occult PC with Gleason scores from 8 to 10 and , if proven , would benefit from long-term AST . magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions should be considered to identify PC with Gleason scores from 8 to 10 in these men ."
3345,Abstract #3345,"compare the effectiveness of ondansetron with droperidol in preventing postoperative emesis in children after strabismus repair . , double-blind study . ASA physical status I and II children aged 3 to 14 years , undergoing outpatient strabismus repair in two separate study centers . were randomized to receive either 0.15 mg/kg intravenous ( i.v. ) ondansetron or 0.075 mg/kg i.v. droperidol shortly after induction of anesthesia . of episodes of emesis and times to discharge from the recovery room and ambulatory center were assessed . ( 94 % ) of 31 children who received ondansetron and 21 ( 81 % ) of 26 children who received droperidol were emesis-free ( p = NS ) . were no significant differences in the number of episodes of emesis on the day after surgery or times to discharge . is at least as effective as droperidol in reducing the frequency of emesis in children after strabismus repair , and it did not shorten times to discharge home . low number of patients in our study may have masked a difference in effect between the two groups . clinician should decide whether the increased cost of ondansetron justifies its use over other antiemetics ."
3346,Abstract #3346,"evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol 37.5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg ( tramadol/APAP ) combination tablets for treatment of chronic low back pain ( LBP ) . 91 day , multicenter , outpatient , randomized , double blind , placebo controlled study enrolled 338 patients with chronic LBP requiring daily medication for > or = 3 months . with at least moderate pain [ pain visual analog scale ( VAS ) with scores > or = 40/100 mm ] after washout were randomized to tramadol/APAP or placebo . a 10 day titration , patients received 1 or 2 tablets QID . outcome measure was final pain VAS score . measures included pain relief , quality of life and physical functioning , efficacy failure , and overall medication assessments . total , 336 intent-to-treat patients received tramadol/APAP ( n = 167 ) or placebo ( n = 169 ) . baseline pain VAS score was 67.8 . analysis showed significantly better mean final pain VAS scores ( 47.4 vs 62.9 ; p < 0.001 ) and mean final pain relief scores ( 1.8 vs 0.7 ; p < 0.001 ) for tramadol/APAP than for placebo . Disability Questionnaire scores and physical-related subcategories of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 Health Survey were significantly better for tramadol/APAP patients . patients rated tramadol/APAP as `` very good '' or `` good '' than placebo ( 63.6 vs 25.2 % ; p < 0.001 ) . estimates of cumulative discontinuation rates due to efficacy failures were 22.9 % ( tramadol/APAP ) vs 54.7 % ( placebo ; p < 0.001 ) . most common treatment related adverse events with tramadol/APAP were nausea ( 12.0 % ) , dizziness ( 10.8 % ) , and constipation ( 10.2 % ) . daily dose of tramadol/APAP was 4.2 tablets ( tramadol 158 mg/APAP 1369 mg ) . 37.5 mg/APAP 325 mg combination tablets show efficacy in pain reduction , in measures of physical functioning and quality of life , and in overall medication assessments , with a tolerability profile comparable with other opioids used for the treatment of chronic LBP ."
3347,Abstract #3347,"article evaluates the additive effects of children 's comorbid conditions with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) in relation to caregivers ' distress , in a clinical trial conducted through telemental health ( TMH ) . Children 's ADHD Telemental Health Treatment Study ( CATTS ) is examining the effectiveness of treatment delivered via TMH for children with ADHD who are living in underserved communities . CATTS trial recruited 223 children ( = 9.532.06 years ) and their caregivers . of ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder ( ODD ) and anxiety disorders ( ADs ) were established with the Child Behavior Checklist and the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children . took advantage of rich baseline data from the CATTS trial to investigate associations between caregivers ' distress and children 's comorbid mental health conditions . ' distress was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 , Parenting Stress Index , and Caregiver Strain Questionnaire . were used to compare children with ADHD alone with children having one comorbid condition ( ODD or ADs ) and children having two comorbid conditions ( ODD and ADs ) . quarters ( 75.3 % ) of participants met criteria for ODD and/or AD comorbid with ADHD : 24.7 % had neither comorbidity ; 47.5 % had ODD or AD ; and 27.8 % had both ODD and AD comorbidities . parents of children with multiple comorbid conditions experienced the highest levels of depression , stress , and burden of care . CATTS sample that was recruited from underserved communities provided evidence of additive effects of child psychiatric comorbidities with caregivers ' distress , echoing earlier findings from the Multi-modal Treatment of ADHD ( MTA ) study that was conducted with a metropolitan sample of youth . indicate that caregivers ' distress should be addressed in developing treatment models for children with ADHD . ."
3348,Abstract #3348,"prospective , multiinstitutional data exist regarding the morbidity and mortality after major pulmonary resections for lung cancer or whether a mediastinal lymph node dissection increases morbidity and mortality . collected 30-day postoperative data was analyzed from 1,111 patients undergoing pulmonary resection who were enrolled from July 1999 to February 2004 in a randomized trial comparing lymph node sampling versus mediastinal lymph node dissection for early stage lung cancer . the 1,111 patients randomized , 1,023 were included in the analysis . age was 68 years ( range , 23 to 89 years ) ; 52 % were men . was performed in 766 ( 75 % ) and pneumonectomy in 42 ( 4 % ) . stage was IA in 424 ( 42 % ) , IB in 418 ( 41 % ) , IIA in 37 ( 4 % ) , IIB in 97 ( 9 % ) , and III in 45 ( 5 % ) . node sampling was performed in 498 patients and lymph node dissection in 525 . mortality was 2.0 % ( 10 of 498 ) for lymph node sampling and 0.76 % ( 4 of 525 ) for lymph node dissection . occurred in 38 % of patients in each group . node dissection had a longer median operative time and greater total chest tube drainage ( 15 minutes , 121 mL , respectively ) . was no difference in the median hospitalization , which was 6 days in each group ( p = 0.404 ) . mediastinal lymphadenectomy adds little morbidity to a pulmonary resection for lung cancer . data from a current , multiinstitutional cohort of patients who underwent a major pulmonary resection constitute a new baseline with which to compare results in the future ."
3349,Abstract #3349,"is common in sick elderly people on admission to hospital and in the community . conducted a randomised controlled trial to determine if nutritional supplementation after discharge from hospital improved nutritional status and functional outcomes , or reduced health-care costs . malnourished subjects were randomised to 8 weeks of supplementation or no supplementation post discharge , and followed up for 24 weeks . , body mass index , anthropometrics , handgrip strength , quality of life and requirements for health-care professionals ' services and social services were measured throughout the study . status improved significantly from baseline to week 24 in the intervention group ( P < 0.05 ) , but not in the control group . was no significant difference in nutritional status between groups at week 24 . strength improved significantly in the intervention group during supplementation , and was significantly different from that of the control group at week 8 , but decreased thereafter . was no significant difference in quality of life or health economic outcomes between groups at week 24 . already malnourished elderly subjects , it may be too late to expect to improve function or quality of life or to reduce health-care costs simply by providing nutritional supplements after hospitalisation . is key . elderly patients should be nutritionally assessed as part of their routine care , and appropriate intervention initiated early ."
3350,Abstract #3350,"prostate cancer can be treated several different ways , but head-to-head comparisons of treatments are infrequent . authors of this report conducted a randomized , unblinded , noninferiority trial to compare cryoablation with external beam radiotherapy in these patients . December 1997 through February 2003 , 244 men with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer were assigned randomly to receive either cryoablation or radiotherapy ( 122 men in each arm ) . received neoadjuvant antiandrogen therapy . primary endpoint was disease progression at 36 months based on a trifecta definition : 1 ) radiologic evidence of metastatic disease , or 2 ) initiation of further antineoplastic therapy , or 3 ) biochemical failure . definitions of biochemical failure were used : 1 ) 2 consecutive rises in prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) with a final value > 1.0 ng/mL , and 2 ) a rise above PSA nadir + 2 ng/mL . endpoints included overall survival , disease-specific survival , and prostate biopsy at 36 months . median follow-up was 100 months . progression at 36 months was observed in 23.9 % ( PSA nadir + 2 ng/mL , 17.1 % ) of men in the cryoablation arm and in 23.7 % ( PSA nadir + 2 ng/mL , 13.2 % ) of men in the radiotherapy arm . difference in overall or disease-specific survival were observed . 36 months , more patients in the radiotherapy arm had a cancer-positive biopsy ( 28.9 % ) compared with patients in the cryoablation arm ( 7.7 % ) . observed difference in disease progression at 36 months was small , 0.2 % ; however , because of the wide confidence interval , from -10.8 % to 11.2 % , it was not possible to rule out inferiority ( defined a priori as a 10 % difference ) . longer term follow-up , the trend favors cryoablation . fewer positive biopsies were documented after cryoablation than after radiotherapy ."
3351,Abstract #3351,"explore novel endometriosis serum biomarkers by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( SELDI-TOF-MS ) . , we aimed to discover the potential biomarkers of endometriosis by SELDI-TOF-MS . , blinded test was performed to characterize the effectiveness of the model by examining the sensitivity and specificity . , 29 postoperative patients with endometriosis were recruited to monitor the change of potential biomarkers after laparoscopic surgery . investigation in an academic research environment . patients with endometriosis , 31 patients without endometriosis , and 30 healthy volunteers . serum of endometriosis and control group patients . expression . endometriosis-specific proteins were found in the preliminary screening study . , the blinded test was performed and showed a sensitivity of 86.67 % and a specificity of 96.77 % of the markers for detecting endometriosis , which are significantly higher than those of CA-125 for distinguishing patients with endometriosis from patients without endometriosis . surgery , the levels of these biomarker proteins decreased to levels comparable with those of patients without endometriosis . discovered the potential biomarkers of endometriosis and set up a diagnostic model with a sensitivity of 86.67 % and a specificity of 96.77 % , which is significantly higher than that of CA-125 for detecting endometriosis , The levels of these proteins decreased to levels comparable with those of patients without endometriosis ."
3352,Abstract #3352,"randomized phase II trial was conducted to test whether the addition of gemcitabine to weekly docetaxel could improve the objective response rate and survival outcomes as second-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have failed a paclitaxel-containing regimen . were randomized to receive either weekly docetaxel 40 mg/m ( 2 ) ( group A , n = 34 ) or the combination of weekly docetaxel 35 mg/m ( 2 ) with gemcitabine 600 mg/m ( 2 ) ( group B , n = 41 ) . consecutive weekly infusions followed by a 1-week rest period represented 1 chemotherapy cycle . objective response rate was 18 % and 27.5 % in group A and B , respectively ( p = 0.413 ) . statistically significant differences were demonstrated in terms of median overall survival and time to disease progression . rate and grade 3 and 4 neutropenia were higher in group B ( 23 vs. 3 % ) . weekly administration of docetaxel and gemcitabine did not result in superior clinical outcomes over weekly docetaxel ."
3353,Abstract #3353,"trauma survivors with acute stress disorder ( ASD ) are likely to subsequently develop chronic posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) . behavioral therapy for ASD may prevent PTSD , but trauma survivors may not tolerate exposure-based therapy in the acute phase . is a need to compare nonexposure therapy techniques with prolonged exposure for ASD . determine the efficacy of exposure therapy or trauma-focused cognitive restructuring in preventing chronic PTSD relative to a wait-list control group . randomized controlled trial of civilians who experienced trauma and who met the diagnostic criteria for ASD ( N = 90 ) seen at an outpatient clinic between March 1 , 2002 , and June 30 , 2006 . were randomly assigned to receive 5 weekly 90-minute sessions of either imaginal and in vivo exposure ( n = 30 ) or cognitive restructuring ( n = 30 ) , or assessment at baseline and after 6 weeks ( wait-list group ; n = 30 ) . of PTSD at the 6-month follow-up visit by clinical interview and self-report assessments of PTSD , depression , anxiety , and trauma-related cognition . analyses indicated that at posttreatment , fewer patients in the exposure group had PTSD than those in the cognitive restructuring or wait-list groups ( 33 % vs 63 % vs 77 % ; P = .002 ) . follow-up , patients who underwent exposure therapy were more likely to not meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD than those who underwent cognitive restructuring ( 37 % vs 63 % ; odds ratio , 2.10 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.12-3 .94 ; P = .05 ) and to achieve full remission ( 47 % vs 13 % ; odds ratio , 2.78 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.14-6 .83 ; P = .005 ) . assessments of PTSD , depression , and anxiety , exposure resulted in markedly larger effect sizes at posttreatment and follow-up than cognitive restructuring . therapy leads to greater reduction in subsequent PTSD symptoms in patients with ASD when compared with cognitive restructuring . should be used in early intervention for people who are at high risk for developing PTSD ."
3354,Abstract #3354,"compare the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia ( TEA ) and intravenous ( IV ) lidocaine on the effect-site concentration ( Ce ) of propofol target-controlled infusion ( TCI ) and the intubation-induced stress responses during general IV anesthesia induction . prospective , randomized trial . university hospital . patients undergoing elective surgery for thoracotomies . scheduled for thoracotomies were divided into 3 groups as group TEA , group IV , and control group . TEA or group IV received the same doses but not the same concentration of lidocaine via TEA ( 0.15 mL/kg of 1.35 % lidocaine ) or IV ( 2mg/kg of 2 % lidocaine ) , respectively , 15 minutes before induction of anesthesia , and the control group received the same volume of 0.9 % normal saline epidurally . rate and mean arterial pressure as well as the time to loss of consciousness ( LOC ) , total doses of propofol TCI , and Ce at LOC were recorded during anesthesia induction . lidocaine concentration detected was 1.9 ( 0.3 ) g/mL in the IV group and 1.0 ( 0.3 ) g/mL in the TEA group ( p < 0.001 ) . time to LOC , total doses of propofol TCI , and Ce at LOC were significantly lower in the IV group than in the TEA group and the control group ( p < 0.001 ) . lidocaine groups showed significant decreases in the elevation of mean arterial pressure and heart rate and plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine induced by intubation compared to the control group ( p < 0.05 ) . administered via both TEA and IV decreased the induction doses of propofol and suppressed cardiovascular and stress responses to tracheal intubation . of 2mg/kg of 2 % lidocaine IV was better , with no side effects of lidocaine toxicity ."
3355,Abstract #3355,"aim of this prospective randomized multicenter study was to compare TVT ( tension-free vaginal tape ) with TVT-Secur in terms of efficacy and safety . set out to enrol 280 stress incontinent women with a half time interim analysis of short-term cure and a continuous registration of adverse events . 133 randomized women , 126 were operated and 123 ( TVT n = 62 , TVT-Secur n = 61 ) available for 2 months follow-up . significant differences were found between groups regarding demographics or grade of incontinence . 2 months follow-up , subjective cure rate following TVT-Secur was significantly lower than for TVT ( 72 % and 92 % , respectively , p = 0.01 ) . major complications occurred in the TVT-Secur group : tape erosion into the urethra , a tape inadvertently placed inside the bladder , and an immediate postoperative bleeding from the corona mortis . major complications occurred in the TVT group . significant differences were found between groups regarding perioperative bleeding , hospital stay , urge symptoms , or postoperative urinary tract infections . time for surgery was 13 and 22 min for TVT-Secur and TVT , respectively ( p < 0.0001 ) . a prospective randomized controlled study , the TVT-Secur procedure had a significantly lower subjective cure rate than the retropubic TVT procedure . to this , in addition to three serious complications in the TVT-Secur group , we decided to stop further enrolment after the interim analysis . discourage from further use of the TVT-Secur ."
3356,Abstract #3356,"examined the effects of rosuvastatin treatment on triglyceride levels and lipid measures in a parallel-group multicenter trial ( 4522IL/0035 ) in patients with hypertriglyceridemia ( Fredrickson Type IIb or IV ) . a 6-week dietary lead-in period while on a National Cholesterol Education Program step I diet , 156 patients with fasting triglyceride levels > / = 300 and < 800 mg/dl were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blinded treatment : once-daily rosuvastatin of 5 , 10 , 20 , 40 or 80 mg or placebo . primary end point was mean percentage change from baseline in total serum triglyceride levels at week 6 as determined by analysis of variance . at all doses produced significant mean reductions in triglycerides compared with placebo ( -18 to -40 compared with +2.9 % , P < / = 0.001 ) ; median reductions in triglycerides with rosuvastatin at 5-80 mg ranged from -21 to -46 % . doses of rosuvastatin significantly reduced levels of atherogenic lipoprotein and apolipoproteins over placebo , including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , total cholesterol , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein C-III . significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed with rosuvastatin doses > 5 mg . occurrence of adverse events was generally low and not dose related , although some adverse events occurred more frequently in the rosuvastatin 80 mg group . reduced triglyceride levels and improved the overall atherogenic and atheroprotective lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic patients ."
3357,Abstract #3357,"determine whether a single injection of intravenous secretin results in measurable improvements in socialization and/or communication skills in children with autism . subjects with autism were randomly selected and assigned to either treatment or placebo group . in the treatment group received 2.0 clinical units of secretin per kilogram of body weight as a single intravenous dose . in the placebo group received normal saline solution . and behavioral assessments were performed for all subjects before injection and at 3 and 6 weeks after injection . of language skills and parents ' behavioral assessments revealed no significant differences between the treatment and placebo groups . ' assessments of severity of autistic symptoms did not differ for the 2 groups at 6 weeks after injection . marginally statistically significant improvement in autistic behaviors was seen in the treatment group at 3 weeks after injection ( P = .051 ) . single dose of intravenous secretin does not appear to have significant effects on either parents ' perception of autistic behaviors or language skills at 6 weeks after injection . , marginally significant improvements in autistic behaviors may occur in some children ."
3358,Abstract #3358,"is a first-line wake-promoting medication and a useful therapeutic alternative to psychostimulant medications for excessive daytime sleepiness . 5-week , randomized , open-label study evaluated three strategies for switching patients from methylphenidate , a commonly used psychostimulant , to modafinil . ( n = 40 ) with excessive daytime sleepiness related to narcolepsy , who had received previous treatment with methylphenidate , were switched from methylphenidate to modafinil ( 200 mg/day followed by 400 mg/day ) without a washout period between treatments , with a 2-day washout period between treatments , or by using a taper-down/titrate-up protocol . events were recorded throughout the study , and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were determined at the end of the study . majority of patients ( 95 % ) were successfully switched to modafinil . the study end point , mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were < 12 for each treatment group . three switching strategies were well tolerated , with adverse events mild or moderate in nature . events most frequently reported during modafinil treatment were among those seen previously in large-scale , placebo-controlled studies . were no meaningful differences among the treatment groups in the frequency or severity of adverse events or in their relationship to modafinil treatment . one patient discontinued modafinil treatment because of a treatment-related adverse event ( i.e. moderate headache ) ; another patient discontinued due to insufficient efficacy . from methylphenidate to modafinil was well tolerated with or without a washout period or when the methylphenidate dose is gradually tapered during initiation of modafinil therapy . wakefulness was maintained in patients who have switched from methylphenidate to modafinil . data suggest that patients with narcolepsy may be switched from methylphenidate to modafinil with few complications and inconveniences ."
3359,Abstract #3359,"investigate the effect of a new non-rinse conditioner ( NRC ) and 17 % EDTA as etchants on the micromorphology of primary tooth enamel and dentin , in comparison with 36 % phosphoric acid ( PA ) when applied for 15 s and 7 s. specimens obtained from 40 extracted primary second molars were used to create four groups ( n = 10 ) which received the following treatments on unground enamel surface : Group 1 : 36 % PA/15 s , Group 2 : 36 % PA/7 s , Group 3 : NRC 20 s , Group 4 : 17 % EDTA/60 s. same treatments were applied on flattened primary tooth dentin specimens ( four groups/n = 10 ) . treated surfaces were examined by SEM . enamel specimens , a Type II etching pattern was evident in Groups 1 and 3 . Group 2 , an uneven Type II pattern was present with prism peripheries partially intact . mixture of Type II and Type III etching patterns were observed in Group 4 . all conditioners removed dentin smear to varying degrees , the overall performance of 17 % EDTA was weaker than PA and NRC ."
3360,Abstract #3360,"determine the effect of low-dose propranolol on maximal exercise capacity in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome ( POTS ) . compared the effect of placebo vs a single low dose of propranolol ( 20 mg ) on peak oxygen consumption ( VO2max ) , an established measure of exercise capacity , in 11 patients with POTS and 7 healthy subjects in a randomized , double-blind study . exercised on a semirecumbent bicycle , with increasing intervals of resistance to maximal effort . exercise capacity was similar between groups following placebo . propranolol improved VO2max in patients with POTS ( 24.5 0.7 placebo vs 27.6 1.0 mL/min/kg propranolol ; p = 0.024 ) , but not healthy subjects . increase in VO2max in POTS was associated with attenuated peak heart rate responses ( 142 8 propranolol vs 165 4 bpm placebo ; p = 0.005 ) and improved stroke volume ( 81 4 propranolol vs 67 3 mL placebo ; p = 0.013 ) . a separate cohort of POTS patients , neither high-dose propranolol ( 80 mg ) nor metoprolol ( 100 mg ) improved VO2max , despite similar lowering of heart rate . findings suggest that nonselective - blockade with propranolol , when used at the low doses frequently used for treatment of POTS , may provide a modest beneficial effect to improve heart rate control and exercise capacity . study provides Class II evidence that a single low dose of propranolol ( 20 mg ) as compared with placebo is useful in increasing maximum exercise capacity measured 1 hour after medication ."
3361,Abstract #3361,"randomized controlled trial was performed to assess soft tissue cell adhesion to implant titanium abutments subjected to different cleaning procedures and test if plasma cleaning can enhance cell adhesion at an early healing time . patients with osseointegrated and submerged implants were included . re-opening , 18 abutments were divided in 3 groups corresponding to different clinical conditions with different cleaning processes : no treatment ( G1 ) , laboratory customization and cleaning by steam ( G2 ) , cleaning by plasma of Argon ( G3 ) . were removed after 1 week and scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze cell adhesion to the abutment surface quantitatively ( percentage of area occupied by cells ) and qualitatively ( aspect of adhered cells and presence of contaminants ) . percentages of area occupied by cells were 17.6 22.7 % , 16.5 12.9 % and 46.3 27.9 % for G1 , G2 and G3 respectively . were statistically significant between G1 and G3 ( p = 0.030 ) , close to significance between G2 and G3 ( p = 0.056 ) , and non-significant between G1 and G2 ( p = 0.530 ) . proportion of samples presenting adhered cells was homogeneous among the 3 groups ( p-valor = 1.000 ) . all cases cells presented a flattened aspect ; in 2 cases cells were less efficiently adhered and in 1 case cells presented filipodia . cases showed contamination with cocobacteria . the limits of the present study , plasma of Argon may enhance cell adhesion to titanium abutments , even at the early stage of soft tissue healing . studies with greater samples are necessary to confirm these findings ."
3362,Abstract #3362,"scaling and root planing are considered the therapeutic standard for periodontitis , weakly responding sites often occur . improve treatment outcome , several chemomechanical treatment concepts have been developed . , the clinical surplus value of a highly concentrated chlorhexidine varnish has been shown when used as an adjunct to sequential scaling and root planing . aim of this study was to explore the clinical effects of a treatment strategy for chronic periodontitis based on a combination of same-day full-mouth root planing and subgingival chlorhexidine varnish administration . randomized , controlled , single-blind , parallel trial was conducted on 12 chronic periodontitis patients . control group received oral hygiene instructions and same-day full-mouth root planing . test group received the same instructions and treatment ; however , all pockets were additionally disinfected using a chlorhexidine varnish . response parameters were recorded at baseline and subsequently after 1 and 3 months . treatment strategies showed significant reductions in probing depth at both follow-up visits in comparison with baseline levels ( P < or = 0.029 ) . , at 3 months , initially diseased sites of the test group showed significant additional pocket reductions between 0.70 and 1.37 mm ( P < or = 0.021 ) . , a significant additive clinical attachment gain of 1.17 mm ( P = 0.049 ) for initially deep pockets ( > or = 7 mm ) was found favoring the test group . preliminary findings suggest that the outcome of same-day full-mouth root planing may benefit from the subgingival administration of a highly concentrated chlorhexidine varnish ."
3363,Abstract #3363,"a previous report , we described the results of a randomized , controlled trial that evaluated the potential of raloxifene to induce or exacerbate hot flushes . , we provide additional analyses that were undertaken to identify potential predictors of hot flushes and to assess the clinical usefulness of various therapeutic strategies for the reduction of hot flushes in postmenopausal women who receive raloxifene therapy . this randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , 487 unselected postmenopausal women were assigned randomly to receive treatment for 8 months with raloxifene , which was administered either at a dose of 60 mg/d every other day for 2 months followed by 60 mg/d ( slow-dose escalation ) or 60 mg/d throughout ( raloxifene ) , or placebo . on the number , duration , intensity , and severity of hot flushes and awakenings because of night sweats were collected . regression models were used to examine the predictive value of various demographic and menopausal factors on the development or worsening of hot flushes . baseline , 40.4 % of all randomly assigned patients had hot flushes . mean number of hot flushes ( 3-5 per week ) was low . years postmenopause , surgical menopause , and previous estrogen or estrogen/progestin therapy were significant predictors of hot flushes at baseline but were not predictive of incident hot flushes during treatment with raloxifene . the women who received raloxifene therapy who had pre-existing hot flushes at baseline , 36 % women had none at the end point . postmenopause and surgical menopause were significant predictors of a biologically relevant increase in hot flushes ( > / = 14 flushes/week ) . postmenopause , previous estrogen/progestin therapy , high body mass index , and greater duration of hot flushes at baseline were significant predictors of the need for symptomatic treatment . 2 months of treatment , women in early postmenopause had significantly more hot flushes with raloxifene therapy than with slow-dose escalation ( P = .042 ) , whereas there was no significant difference between raloxifene therapy and slow-dose escalation among women in later postmenopause . the 50 patients who requested symptomatic treatment during the study , phytohormones or veralipride did not reduce the number of hot flushes markedly . shorter time since menopause and surgical menopause are important predictors of hot flushes both before and during treatment with raloxifene . estrogen/progestin therapy also increases the risk of hot flushes at baseline . women in early postmenopause , slow-dose escalation of raloxifene therapy may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for the reduction of the risk of hot flushes ."
3364,Abstract #3364,"with preterm formula ( PF ) , mother 's milk ( MM ) is associated with lower rates of late-onset sepsis ( LOS ) and necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) among premature infants . not all mothers of premature infants produce sufficient milk to supply their infants throughout hospitalization , we reasoned that pasteurized donor human milk ( DM ) would be a suitable alternative . premature infants ( < 30 weeks of gestation ) whose mothers intended to breastfeed were assigned randomly to receive either pasteurized DM or PF if the supply of their own MM became insufficient during the study ( birth to 90 days of age or hospital discharge ) . events ( LOS , NEC , meningitis , presumed sepsis , or urinary tract infection ) that occurred after the attainment of a milk intake of 50 mL/kg , dietary intake , growth , skin-to-skin contact , and duration of hospital stay were compared . primary analysis compared groups DM and PF on an intent-to-treat basis . no differences were noted , then these groups were combined and compared with the reference group , group MM . differences were noted , then the subsequent analyses compared each group with group MM . 243 infants , 70 ( 29 % ) received only MM ; group DM included 81 infants and group PF included 92 infants . of poor weight gain , 17 infants ( 21 % ) , all in group DM , were switched to PF . were no differences in birth weight , gestational age , multiple births , and age at attainment of feeding of 50 mL/kg among groups . were no differences between group DM and group PF in LOS and/or NEC , other infection-related events , hospital stay , or number of deaths . DM received a greater intake of milk and more nutritional supplements but had a slower rate of weight gain , compared with group PF . with groups DM and PF , group MM had fewer episodes of LOS and/or NEC and total infection-related events and a shorter duration of hospital stay . MM also had fewer Gram-negative organisms isolated from blood cultures than did the other groups . this randomized , blinded trial of feeding of extremely premature infants , we found that , as a substitute for MM , DM offered little observed short-term advantage over PF for feeding extremely premature infants . to an exclusive diet of MM were observed in terms of fewer infection-related events and shorter hospital stays ."
3365,Abstract #3365,"compare the effect of directing and sharing styles of consultation by a general practitioner on patients ' satisfaction with the consultation . were randomised to receive a directing or sharing style in the part of the consultation concerned with giving treatment , advice , and prognosis . inner London general practice . Randomly selected patients consulting with one general practitioner . patients refused to participate and five were excluded . failed to complete the initial assessment and 110 failed to complete the assessment a week later , giving response rates of 89 % and 58 % respectively . ' satisfaction with the general practitioner 's perceived understanding of their problem and the explanation they received and whether they felt that they had been helped immediately after the consultation and one week later . who had the directing style of consultation reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction on almost all the outcome measures . was particularly striking for patients with physical problems ( excellent explanation 23/68 ( 34 % ) v 10/65 ( 15 % ) , p less than 0.02 ; excellent understanding 25/68 ( 37 % ) v 9/66 ( 14 % ) , p = 0.004 ) , and for patients who received a prescription ( excellent explanation 20/60 ( 33 % ) v 9/59 ( 15 % ) , p less than 0.04 ; excellent understanding 27/60 ( 45 % ) v 10/59 ( 17 % ) , p = 0.04 ) . was no significant difference in the responses to the directing and sharing styles in longer consultations ( 8/31 ( 26 % ) v 8/31 ( 26 % ) ) , in which the main treatment was advice ( 10/30 ( 33 % ) v 7/36 ( 19 % ) ) , and among patients with psychological ( 6/17 ( 35 % ) v 6/27 ( 22 % ) ) or chronic problems ( 14/28 ( 50 % ) v 8/32 ( 25 % ) ) . of consultation does influence the satisfaction of the patient , but its effect is most noticeable in consultations with patients with physical problems and patients who receive a prescription ."
3366,Abstract #3366,"Early Detection and Intervention Programme of the German Research Network on Schizophrenia ( GRNS ) investigates the initial prodromal phase of psychosis in a multidimensional approach . intervention strategies are being studied by two large-scale multicentre projects . present the concept of the intervention studies , and to provide an interim report of the recruitment procedure . cognitive-behavioural therapy has been developed for patients in the `` early initial prodromal state '' . patients in the `` late initial prodromal state '' the atypical neuroleptic amisulpride is explored . interventions are evaluated in randomised controlled trials using clinical management as the control condition . January 2001 and March 2003 , 1212 individuals seeking help for mental health problems were screened for putative prodromal symptoms at four university centres . than 388 individuals fulfilled criteria for both interventions and 188 ( 48.5 % ) gave informed consent to participate in the trials . screening procedure appears to be feasible and trial participation seems to be acceptable to a relevant proportion of people at increased risk of developing psychosis ."
3367,Abstract #3367,"evaluate the therapeutic effect and applying value of Hegu ( LI 4 ) for inertia of uterus . three centers , 276 cases enrolled were randomly assigned to a western medicine group and an acupuncture and western medicine group . western medicine group were treated with intravenous drip of oxytocin , and the acupuncture and western medicine group were treated with electroacupuncture at Hego ( LI 4 ) and intravenous drip of oxytocin . of inertia of uterus and duration and interval of uterine contraction were investigated in the two groups . total effective rate was 97.1 % in the acupuncture group , and 70.3 % in the western medicine group with a very significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.01 ) . was a significant difference in the duration and the interval of uterine contraction between the two groups ( P < 0.1 , P < 0.05 ) . at Hego ( LI 4 ) can be adopted for treatment of dystocia due to abnormality of force of labor ."
3368,Abstract #3368,"spite of the increasing number of home enteral nutrition ( HEN ) patients , only few articles had reported the frequency of complications related to this treatment . multicentric study analyzes the HEN complications in relation to access device and time of treatment . HEN patients from 8 hospitals were randomly selected . were distributed in relation to the time of treatment and access device ( nasogastric tube and percutaneous or surgical gastrostomies ) . an educational program , they were filled in an initial questionnaire and repeated it the days 15 and 30 . received a mean of 1650 Kcal of enteral solution . total of 2760 HEN prospective days were analyzed . prospective study 42 % of patients had some complication ( 112 episodes ) . most frequent were gastrointestinal ( 55 % ) and mechanical ( 29 % ) ; 0.16 complications of patient-year were registered . most common complications were : extraction ( 15 % ) , constipation ( 13 % ) , vomiting ( 12 % ) and diarrhoea ( 10 % ) . gastrostomy group had more gastrointestinal complications . retrospective evaluation , percutaneous gastrostomy group had the lowest ratio of complications and nasogastric tube group required more tube replacements ( 4 vs 2 ) and had 1.96 episodes/patient ( percutaneous group 1.85 and surgical gastrostomy 3.1 episodes/patient ) . is safe with low incidence of complications . adequate educational program is very important and we expect , in the future , to establish an proper National Home Care System ."
3369,Abstract #3369,"present study was carried out to investigate effects of meals , rich in either saturated fatty acids ( SFA ) , or n-6 or n-3 fatty acids , on postprandial plasma lipid and hormone concentrations as well as post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) activity . study was a randomized single-blind study comparing responses to three test meals . volunteers attended the Clinical Investigation Unit of the Royal Surrey County Hospital on three separate occasions in order to consume the meals . male volunteers with an average age of 22.5 + / - 1.4 years ( mean + / - SD ) , were selected from the University of Surrey student population ; one subject dropped out of the study because he found the test meal unpalatable . meals were given in the early evening and postprandial responses were followed overnight for 11h . oils used to prepare each of the three test meals were : a mixed oil rich in saturated fatty acids ( SFA ) which mimicked the fatty acid composition of the current UK diet , corn oil , rich in n-6 fatty acids and a fish oil concentrate ( MaxEPA ) rich in n-3 fatty acids . oil under investigation ( 40 g ) was incorporated into the test meals which were otherwise identical [ 208 g carbohydrates , 35 g protein , 5.65 MJ ( 1350 kcal ) energy ] . plasma triacylglycerol ( TAG ) , gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP ) , and insulin responses , as well as post-heparin LPL activity ( measured at 12 h postprandially only ) were investigated . acids of the n-3 series significantly reduced plasma TAG responses compared to the mixed oil meal ( P < 0.05 ) and increased post-heparin LPL activity 15 min after the injection of heparin ( P < 0.01 ) . biphasic response was observed in TAG , with peak responses occurring at 1 h and between 3-7 h postprandially . and insulin showed similar responses to the three test meals and no significant differences were observed . conclude that fish oils can decrease postprandial plasma TAG levels partly through an increase in post-heparin LPL activity , which however , is not due to increased GIP or insulin concentrations ."
3370,Abstract #3370,"aim of this study was to use serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound ( IVUS ) to evaluate the effects of polymer-based , paclitaxel-eluting stents on in-stent neointima formation and late incomplete stent apposition . TAXUS-IV trial demonstrated that the slow-release , polymer-based , paclitaxel-eluting stent reduces angiographic restenosis and the need for repeat revascularization procedures . IVUS studies reveal details of the pattern of vascular responses provoked by stent implantation that provide insight into device safety and efficacy . the TAXUS-IV trial , patients were randomized to the slow-release , polymer-based , paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS stent or a bare-metal EXPRESS stent ( Boston Scientific Corp. , Natick , Massachusetts ) . part of a formal substudy , complete volumetric IVUS data were available in 170 patients , including 88 TAXUS patients and 82 controls , at implantation and at nine-month follow-up . baseline differences were present in the clinical characteristics or IVUS parameters between the control and TAXUS groups . nine-month follow-up , IVUS lumen volumes were larger in the TAXUS group ( 123 + / - 43 mm ( 3 ) vs. 104 + / - 44 mm ( 3 ) , p = 0.005 ) , due to a reduction in neointimal volume ( 18 + / - 18 mm ( 3 ) vs. 41 + / - 23 mm ( 3 ) , p < 0.001 ) . analysis within the stent demonstrated uniform suppression of neointimal growth along the entire stent length . lumen loss was similar at the proximal edge of the stent between the two groups , and reduced with the TAXUS stent at the distal edge ( p = 0.004 ) . stent apposition at nine months was observed in only 3.0 % of control and 4.0 % of TAXUS stents ( p = 0.12 ) . , paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS stents are effective in inhibiting neointimal tissue proliferation , and do not result in late incomplete stent apposition ."
3371,Abstract #3371,"evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a new antihypertensive drug combination of trandolapril/verapamil compared to monotherapy with verapamil or trandolapril , in patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension . multicentre , prospective , randomized , double-blind , controlled cross-over study with specific statistical considerations . primary health care centres and out-patient hospital clinics in Sweden . hundred and twenty-six outpatients with uncomplicated primary hypertension with a baseline sitting diastolic blood pressure ( BP ) between 95 and 115 mmHg . a 4-week placebo period , patients were randomized to treatment for 8 weeks with trandolapril/verapamil ( 2 mg/180 mg ) or each drug alone ( verapamil 240 mg , trandolapril 2 mg ) for 8 weeks . responses ( blood pressure ( BP ) fall and rate pressure product ) to the three regimens with statistical comparison and also in relation to plasma concentrations of active renin ( AR ) . events and safety were also evaluated . mean BP fall was significantly greater with the combination ( 20/15 mmHg ) , p < 0.00054 , as compared to both trandolapril ( 14/11 mmHg ) or verapamil ( 13/11 ) mmHg . difference between verapamil and trandolapril was not significant . pressure product decreased significantly more on the combination , p < 0.001 , than on trandolapril or verapamil alone . response to trandolapril was positively correlated to initial AR ( r = 0.30-0 .43 ) . treatments were well tolerated and safe . new fixed drug combination trandolapril/verapamil was superior to monotherapy with either of these drugs alone regarding reduction of both BP and rate pressure product . combination can be safely and effectively used for the treatment of mild to moderate primary hypertension ."
3372,Abstract #3372,"of cigarette smoking are higher among women who receive obstetric care through publicly funded prenatal clinics . study compared smoking outcomes for pregnant women ( n = 105 ) who were randomized to receive either usual care ( standard cessation advice from the health care provider ) or an intervention conducted in the prenatal clinic consisting of 1.5 h of counseling plus telephone follow-up delivered by a masters prepared mental health counselor . were 105 low income , predominantly Hispanic , pregnant patients in an urban prenatal clinic . outcomes were assessed at end of pregnancy and 6 months post-partum . follow-up , 28.3 % and 9.4 % of participants in the experimental intervention and 9.6 % and 3.8 % of patients in usual care were abstinent at end of pregnancy ( p = .015 ) and 6 months post-partum , respectively ( p = .251 ) . of the intervention was $ 56 per patient and cost to produce a non-smoker at end of pregnancy was $ 299 . model for intervention was cost-effective and was associated with significantly lower smoking rates at end of pregnancy . these findings are replicated , prenatal clinics could offer the option for intensive smoking cessation treatment by training mental health counselors to deliver one extended smoking cessation counseling session ."
3373,Abstract #3373,"admissions for heart failure are common and readmission rates are high . admissions and readmissions may be avoidable , so that alternative strategies are needed to improve long-term management . conducted a randomized trial of the effect of a guideline-based intervention on rates of readmission within 90 days of hospital discharge and costs of care for patients who were hospitalized due to decompensated heart failure . intervention consisted of comprehensive education of the patient and family , a prescribed diet and intensive application of guidelines ' recommendations on pharmacological therapy . intervention started before discharge and continued thereafter with follow-up visits for up to 3 months . hundred and nine guideline-managed patients were compared to 209 concurrent normally-discharged patients . in the study group were more prescribed beta-blockers , ACE-inhibitors , angiotensin receptor blockers , and spironolactone . patients ( 8 % ) in the intervention group and 31 ( 15 % ) among controls were readmitted for DRG 127 , within 3 months of discharge ( Fisher 's exact test , p < 0.01 ) , while the 6-month mortality rate was similar between groups ( 9 and 11.5 % respectively ) . of life significantly improved from 5.6 + / - 1.0 to 6.1 + / - 1.9 ( Mann-Whitney U-test , p < 0.05 ) . overall costs of care were lower for guideline-managed patients ( 110 vs 150 Euro per patient per month ) , due to the lower readmission rates . study showed that a guideline-based management program for patients with heart failure at discharge improves quality of life and reduces readmission for DRG 127 and total bed days , allowing relevant cost savings ."
3374,Abstract #3374,"assess the effect of leaflets on promoting informed choice in women using maternity services . trial , with maternity units randomised to use leaflets ( intervention units ) or offer usual care ( control units ) . collected through postal questionnaires . maternity units in Wales . separate samples of women using maternity services . samples : women reaching 28 weeks ' gestation before ( n = 1386 ) and after ( n = 1778 ) the intervention . samples : women at eight weeks after delivery before ( n = 1741 ) and after ( n = 1547 ) the intervention . of 10 pairs of Informed Choice leaflets for service users and midwives and a training session for staff in their use . in the proportion of women who reported exercising informed choice . in women 's knowledge ; satisfaction with information , choice , and discussion ; and possible consequences of informed choice . was no change in the proportion of women who reported that they exercised informed choice in the intervention units compared with the control units for either antenatal or postnatal women . was a small increase in satisfaction with information in the antenatal samples in the intervention units compared with the control units ( odds ratio 1.40 , 95 % confidence interval 1.05 to 1.88 ) . three quarters of women in the intervention units reported being given at least one of the leaflets , indicating problems with the implementation of the intervention . everyday practice , evidence based leaflets were not effective in promoting informed choice in women using maternity services ."
3375,Abstract #3375,"present best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) findings and other clinical outcomes from eyes of patients enrolled in one of the Submacular Surgery Trials ( SST ) evaluating surgical removal versus observation of predominantly hemorrhagic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) associated with age-related macular degeneration . clinical trial ( SST Group B Trial ) . patients had subfoveal choroidal neovascular lesions greater than 3.5 disk areas ( 8.9 mm2 ) composed of at least 50 % blood ( either blood or CNV underlying the center of the foveal avascular zone ) and BCVA of 20/100 to light perception in the study eye . were assigned randomly at time of enrollment to observation or surgical removal of blood and any associated CNV . successful outcome was defined a priori as either improvement in visual acuity ( VA ) , no change in VA , or a decline in VA of no more than 1 line ( 7 letters ) from baseline to the 24-month examination based on an intent-to-treat analysis . 336 patients enrolled , 168 were assigned to each treatment arm ; treatment arms were balanced by baseline characteristics . 1501 expected examinations 3 months through 36 months after baseline , 1370 ( 91 % ) were performed . of > or = 2 lines ( > or = 8 letters ) of VA occurred in 56 % of surgery eyes , versus 59 % of observation eyes examined at 24 months . severe loss of VA was not the primary outcome of interest , surgery more often prevented such loss : 36 % in the observation arm versus 21 % in the surgery arm at the 24-month examination ( chi2 P = 0.004 ) . initially phakic eyes , the cumulative percentage that had undergone cataract surgery by 24 months was 44 % in the surgery arm , compared with 6 % in the observation arm . eyes ( 16 % ) in the surgical arm , compared with 3 eyes ( 2 % ) in the observation arm , had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ( RD ) . surgery as performed in the SST Group B Trial did not increase the chance of stable or improved VA ( the primary outcome of interest ) and was associated with a high risk of rhegmatogenous RD , but did reduce the risk of severe VA loss in comparison with observation . article contains additional online-only material available at http://www.ophsource.com/periodicals/ophtha ."
3376,Abstract #3376,"investigate the effect of intravenous frusemide on the course of transient tachypnoea of the newborn ( TTN ) . term infant with TTN were randomised at the time of diagnosis to receive either intravenous frusemide 2 mg/kg or saline placebo . assessed included duration of supplemental oxygen requirement , the period of tachypnoea , time to discharge from hospital and weight loss in the first 24 h of life and before discharge . two groups were similar with respect to sex , birthweight , mode of delivery and age at presentation . study group lost significantly more weight in the first 24 h after birth . were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of oxygen requirements , the period of tachypnoea and the time to hospital discharge . single dose of intravenous frusemide ( 2 mg/kg ) does not improve the clinical course of TTN . finding suggests that either frusemide is not effective in promoting resorption of lung fluid or factors other than delayed resorption of this fluid contribute to the pathogenesis of TTN ."
3377,Abstract #3377,"24-week trial assessed the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control with metformin alone . was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study of saxagliptin ( 2.5 , 5 , or 10 mg once daily ) or placebo plus a stable dose of metformin ( 1,500-2 ,500 mg ) in 743 patients ( A1C > or = 7.0 and < or = 10.0 % ) . analyses were performed using an ANCOVA model using last observation carried forward methodology on primary ( A1C ) and secondary ( fasting plasma glucose [ FPG ] and postprandial glucose [ PPG ] area under the curve [ AUC ] ) end points . ( 2.5 , 5 , and 10 mg ) plus metformin demonstrated statistically significant adjusted mean decreases from baseline to week 24 versus placebo in A1C ( -0.59 , -0.69 , and -0.58 vs. +0.13 % ; all P < 0.0001 ) , FPG ( -14.31 , -22.03 , and -20.50 vs. +1.24 mg/dl ; all P < 0.0001 ) , and PPG AUC ( -8,891 , -9,586 , and -8,137 vs. -3,291 mg . ; all P < 0.0001 ) . than twice as many patients achieved A1C < 7.0 % with 2.5 , 5 , and 10 mg saxagliptin versus placebo ( 37 , 44 , and 44 vs. 17 % ; all P < 0.0001 ) . function and postprandial C-peptide , insulin , and glucagon AUCs improved in all saxagliptin treatment groups at week 24 . of hypoglycemic adverse events and weight reductions were similar to those with placebo . once daily added to metformin therapy was generally well tolerated and led to statistically significant improvements in glycemic indexes versus placebo added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone ."
3378,Abstract #3378,"investigate the effects of Tongxinluo on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes . total of 80 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited and divided into two groups : Tongxinluo therapy group ( n = 40 ) and conventional therapy group ( n = 40 ) . levels of NO , ET , 6-keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2 and diastolic functions of humeral arteries ( measured by high-resolution ultrasound ) were measured at baseline and 4 weeks later . flow-mediated dilation was significantly increased from ( 8.19 + / - 0.71 ) % to ( 12.47 + / - 0.98 ) % ( P < 0.05 ) in Tongxinluo therapy group after 4 weeks therapy compare to baseline level . plasma NO was significantly increased [ ( 47.65 + / - 4.38 ) pg/ml to ( 52.91 + / - 4.83 ) pg/ml , P < 0.001 ] and plasma ET significantly reduced [ ( 31.23 + / - 2.46 ) pg/ml to ( 24.34 + / - 2.46 ) pg/ml , P < 0.001 ] post 4 week Tongxinluo therapy . remained unchanged in the placebo group ( P > 0.05 ) at baseline and 4 weeks later . dilation was unaffected by Tongxinluo therapy . improved the vascular endothelial dependent diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes by regulating the balance of plasma NO/ET ."
3379,Abstract #3379,"navigation declines with age and neurologic disease whereas egocentric navigation does not ; differences that likely arise from maladaptive changes in brain regions mediating spatial ( parietal cortex ; hippocampus ) but not procedural processing ( caudate nucleus ) . direct current stimulation ( tDCS ) holds promise for treating such decline given its ability to modulate neuronal excitability , but its effects have yet to be examined on spatial navigation . healthy young adults as a model , Study 1 intended to validate a novel spatial navigation paradigm using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) . these data to determine targets for tDCS , Study 2 aimed to determine if 1 ) stimulation modulates activation in a polarity-specific manner ; 2 ) stimulation results in global and/or task-specific activation changes ; 3 ) activation changes are accompanied by changes in effective connectivity . participants underwent fMRI while learning allocentric and egocentric environments . participants completed Study 1 . Study 2 , 16 participants were randomized to 20 min of tDCS ( 2 mA ) using a montage with the anode over PZ and cathode over AF4 ( P+F - ) or the reverse montage ( P-F + ) . 1 revealed that distinct networks preferentially mediate allocentric and egocentric navigation . 2 revealed polarity-dependent changes in activation and connectivity . P+F - montage increased these measures in spatial regions , especially during allocentric navigation , and the caudate nucleus . , the P-F + montage increased activation and connectivity in lateral prefrontal cortices and posterior hippocampus . findings support the neuromodulatory effects of tDCS in non-motor areas and demonstrate proof-of-principle for ameliorating age - and disease-related decline in navigational abilities ."
3380,Abstract #3380,"use of computer-assisted surgery ( CAS ) in total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) results in better limb and implant alignment compared to conventional TKA ; however , it is unclear whether this translates to better mid - to long-term clinical outcome . prospective randomised study comparing CAS and conventional TKA reports the functional and patient perceived outcomes at a follow-up of 5 years . hypothesis was that there would be a difference in functional outcome or quality of life after mid-term follow-up . patients were available for physical and radiological examination at 5 years . Knee Society Score ( KSS ) was used to describe functional outcome and the Euroquol questionnaire for quality of life . mean total KSS for the CAS group improved from 91.1 ( SD 22.3 ) points preoperatively to 157.4 ( SD 21.9 ) and 150.2 ( SD 30.4 ) points at 2 and 5 years , respectively . the conventional group , the mean total KSS was 99.6 ( SD 18.6 ) points preoperatively and 151.1 ( SD 26.0 ) and 149.0 ( SD 28.0 ) points at 2 and 5 years , respectively . mean quality of life score improved from 48.2 ( SD 16.5 ) points preoperatively to 67.4 ( SD 16.3 ) and 66.8 ( SD 22.2 ) points at 2 and 5 years in the CAS group , and from 52.2 ( SD 17.1 ) points preoperatively to 65.6 ( SD 14.6 ) and 61.7 ( SD 19.3 ) points at 2 and 5 years , respectively , in the conventional TKA group . differences were not statistically significant . were radiolucent lines up to 2 mm in 11 knees ( four CAS , seven conventional ) , but there were no changes in implant position . were no significant differences in functional or patient perceived outcome after mid-term follow-up in this study ."
3381,Abstract #3381,"effects of less-tight versus tight control of hypertension on pregnancy complications are unclear . performed an open , international , multicenter trial involving women at 14 weeks 0 days to 33 weeks 6 days of gestation who had nonproteinuric preexisting or gestational hypertension , office diastolic blood pressure of 90 to 105 mm Hg ( or 85 to 105 mm Hg if the woman was taking antihypertensive medications ) , and a live fetus . were randomly assigned to less-tight control ( target diastolic blood pressure , 100 mm Hg ) or tight control ( target diastolic blood pressure , 85 mm Hg ) . composite primary outcome was pregnancy loss or high-level neonatal care for more than 48 hours during the first 28 postnatal days . secondary outcome was serious maternal complications occurring up to 6 weeks post partum or until hospital discharge , whichever was later . in the analysis were 987 women ; 74.6 % had preexisting hypertension . primary-outcome rates were similar among 493 women assigned to less-tight control and 488 women assigned to tight control ( 31.4 % and 30.7 % , respectively ; adjusted odds ratio , 1.02 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.77 to 1.35 ) , as were the rates of serious maternal complications ( 3.7 % and 2.0 % , respectively ; adjusted odds ratio , 1.74 ; 95 % CI , 0.79 to 3.84 ) , despite a mean diastolic blood pressure that was higher in the less-tight-control group by 4.6 mm Hg ( 95 % CI , 3.7 to 5.4 ) . hypertension ( 160/110 mm Hg ) developed in 40.6 % of the women in the less-tight-control group and 27.5 % of the women in the tight-control group ( P < 0.001 ) . found no significant between-group differences in the risk of pregnancy loss , high-level neonatal care , or overall maternal complications , although less-tight control was associated with a significantly higher frequency of severe maternal hypertension . Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research ; CHIPS Current Controlled Trials number , ISRCTN71416914 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01192412 . )"
3382,Abstract #3382,"information technology , such as Internet and cellphones , holds great promise in enhancing diabetic care . few studies have examined the impact of cellphone technology on type 2 diabetics ' self-care . primary aim of the study is to examine the feasibility of utilizing this technology to assist with diabetes self-care in a clinic population as well as its impact on clinical outcomes . patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes at two Community Health Centers were randomized to intervention or control . patients participated in a brief intervention and received tailored daily messages via cellphone prompting them to enhance their diabetic self-care behaviour . at the control site continued with their standard diabetes self-management . mean improvement in HbA1c levels was apparent ( -0.1 , SD = 0.3 % ; P = 0.1534 ) in the intervention group , compared with a mean deterioration in the control ( 0.3 , SD = 1.0 % ; P = 0.3813 ) , yet without statistical significance . scores improved significantly in the intervention group ( -0.5 , SD = 0.6 ; P = 0.0080 ) compared with no improvement in the control ( 0.0 , SD = 1.0 ; P = 0.9060 ) . encountered numerous technological barriers when attempting to adhere to the intervention protocol . results indicate the intervention had a positive impact on some clinical outcome and self-efficacy . the technology appears feasible in a clinical setting technology must be made more user-friendly before a larger phase II trial is conducted ."
3383,Abstract #3383,"objective of this randomized single blind ( outcome assessor ) controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of 4 weeks of modified constraint induced movement therapy ( mCIMT ) in improving upper limb function in 3-8 years old children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy . children were randomly assigned to receive the mCIMT ( N = 16 ) with conventional therapy or conventional therapy alone ( N = 15 ) . were evaluated three times ( at enrollment , follow up at 4 weeks and 12 weeks ) . primary outcome measure was difference in `` change in mean total QUEST scores '' at 4 weeks of intervention between the intervention and the control arm . 4 weeks of intervention , mCIMT group showed significant change in the affected upper limb in QUEST scores ( 10.7 5.2 vs 1.4 1.7 , p < 0.001 ) and time ( s ) to complete nine-hole-pegboard test compared with control group [ 60 ( 0-130 ) vs 5 ( -12 to 30 ) , p < 0.001 ] . improvement observed in upper limb function after 4 weeks of intervention persisted 8 weeks after discontinuation of intervention in mCIMT group . modified constraint induced movement therapy appears to be effective in improving upper limb function in 3-8 years old hemiplegic cerebral palsy children ."
3384,Abstract #3384,"determine whether the addition of morphine to the axillary block local anesthetic solution provides improved or prolonged postoperative analgesia . , randomized , double-blind clinical trial with 24-hour follow-up . unit of a large academic referral center . healthy volunteers scheduled for elective upper extremity surgery . in the treatment group ( AX ) were given intravenous ( IV ) saline and had morphine 0.1 mg/kg added to their axillary block solution . subjects ( CT ) received morphine 0.1 mg/kg IV and had saline added to their axillary block solution . axillary blocks were performed using 0.55 ml/kg of 1.5 % lidocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 . the first 24 hours after surgery , visual analog scale ( VAS ) scores , supplementary analgesic ( oxycodone 5 mg with acetaminophen 500 mg ) use , and complications were recorded . groups had similar VAS scores throughout the study . the 24-hour postoperative study period , AX patients required approximately half as many doses ( median , 2 doses ; range , 0 to 7 doses of supplemental analgesic as CT patients ( median , 4 doses ; range , 0 to 12 doses ) . were no major complications in either group . addition of morphine 0.1 mg/kg to the local anesthetic axillary block solution provided improved postoperative analgesia without an increased frequency of side effects or major complications ."
3385,Abstract #3385,"identify the determinants of recurrence following primary pterygium excision combined with conjunctival autograft ( CAG ) and intraoperative use of Mitomycin C ( MMC ) or 5-Fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) . randomized controlled clinical trial comparing 5-FU ( 50 mg/ml ) plus CAG versus MMC ( 0.01 % ) plus CAG in preventing recurrence of primary pterygium following excision . total of 80 eyes of 80 subjects were studied , with 46 eyes in the 5-FU group and 34 eyes in the MMC group . mean age was 50.7 + / - 13.1 years with a male : female ratio of 0.95:1 . follow up period was 35.2 + / - 29.1 weeks . overall recurrence rate was 10 % , with a rate of 8.7 % in the 5-FU group and 11.8 % in the MMC group . mean age of the patients who had a recurrence was 38.1 + / - 13.3 years compared to 52.1 + / - 12.4 years in those without a recurrence ( p = 0.003 ) . median size of the pterygium in patients who had a recurrence was 3.2 mm , while the median size in patients who did not have a recurrence was 3.0 mm ( p = 0.8 ) . ( 12.8 % ) males had a recurrence compared to three ( 7.3 % ) females ( p = 0.48 ) ; while 10.5 % of fleshy pterygia recurred compared to none ( 0 % ) of the non-fleshy pterygia ( p = 1.00 ) . age remains a risk factor for recurrence when both CAG and antimetabolites are combined in the treatment of pterygium , while the effect of gender , size and morphology of the pterygium may be diminished by such combination ."
3386,Abstract #3386,"objective of this study is to compare a reloading dose of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin administered within 24 h before coronary angioplasty ( PCI ) in reducing the rate of periprocedural myonecrosis and major cardiac and cerebrovascular events ( MACCE ) in patients on chronic statin treatment undergoing elective PCI . PCI may be complicated with elevation of cardiac biomarkers . studies suggested that pretreatment with statins may be associated with a reduction in periprocedural myocardial necrosis . hundred and fifty patients with stable angina who underwent elective PCI were randomly assigned to receive a pre-procedural reloading dose of Rosuvastatin ( 40 mg ) ( Rosuvastatin Group-RG n = 175 ) or Atorvastatin ( 80 mg ) ( Atorvastatin Group-AG n = 175 ) and a control group on chronic statin therapy without reloading ( Control-Group-CG ) . primary end-point was periprocedural myocardial necrosis and the occurrence of MACCE at 30-day ,6 -12 month follow-up . we evaluate the rise of periprocedural Troponin T serum levels > 3 the upper limit of normal . and 24-hour post-PCI Creatine Kinase Muscle and Brain ( CK-MB ) elevation > 3 occurred more frequently in the CG than in the RG and in the AG ( at 24-h : 25.0 vs 7.1 ; p = 0.003 and 25.0 vs 6.1 ; p = 0.001 ) . 30-day , 6-and 12-month follow-up the incidence of cumulative MACCE was higher in CG than in the RG or AG ( at 12-month : 41.0 % vs 11.4 % vs 12.0 % ; p = 0.001 ) . was no difference between the RG and AG in terms of myocardial post-procedural necrosis and MACCE occurrence at follow-up . statin reloading improves procedural and long term clinical outcomes in stable patients on chronic statin therapy . Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin showed similar beneficial effects on procedural and long-term outcomes ."
3387,Abstract #3387,"with cirrhosis and tense ascites treated by paracentesis alone have a decrease in effective arterial blood volume after ascites removal . intravenous albumin is effective in preventing paracentesis induced decreased arterial blood volume , its clinical use is controversial . paracentesis induces arteriolar vasodilation which plays a role in the development of decreased effective arterial blood volume , administration of a vasoconstrictor ( terlipressin ) could prevent circulatory alterations due to paracentesis . perform a pilot study comparing the effects of terlipressin and albumin on effective arterial blood volume in patients with cirrhosis treated by paracentesis for tense ascites . patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites were randomly assigned to be treated by either paracentesis and terlipressin or paracentesis and albumin . ( 3 mg ) or albumin ( 8 g/l of removed ascites ) were administered on the day of paracentesis . arterial blood volume was assessed by measuring plasma renin concentrations at baseline and on the day of hospital discharge ( 4-6 days after treatment ) . effective arterial blood volume was defined as an increase in plasma renin concentrations on the day of hospital discharge of more than 50 % of baseline values . of the treatment group , mean values for plasma renin concentrations at hospital discharge did not differ from their respective baseline values ( p = 0.10 ) . plasma levels of renin concentrations did not differ between the terlipressin and albumin groups ( p = 0.61 ) . from baseline in plasma renin concentrations did not differ between groups ( p = 0.39 ) . patients in the terlipressin group and three in the albumin group developed decreased arterial blood volume . randomised pilot study suggests that terlipressin may be as effective as intravenous albumin in preventing a decrease in effective arterial blood volume in patients with cirrhosis treated by paracentesis for tense ascites ."
3388,Abstract #3388,"test the efficacy in promoting brisk walking of two theory-based interventions that incorporate implementation intentions and text message ( Short Message Service ; SMS ) reminders directed at one 's walking-related plans or goals . ( N = 149 ) were randomized to one of three conditions ( implementation intention + SMS plan reminder , implementation intention + SMS goal reminder , control ) before completing measures at baseline and follow-up 4 weeks later . follow-up , the experimental groups were given a surprise recall task concerning their plans . participants completed an equivalent goal recall task . self-report measures of physical activity and measures of implementation intention and goal recall , weight , and waist-to-hip ratio . intervention groups increased their brisk walking relative to the control group , without reducing other physical activity . goal reminder group lost the most weight . SMS plan reminder group recalled more of their plans than the SMS goal reminder group , but the latter were more successful in goal recall . interventions can promote brisk walking in sedentary populations . messages aid the recall of , and could enhance interventions that target , implementation intentions and goals ."
3389,Abstract #3389,"assess the performance of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube ( QFT-GIT ) test for active tuberculosis ( TB ) in HIV adults , and its variation over time in patients on antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) and/or isoniazide preventive therapy ( IPT ) . study and cohort nested in the Temprano ANRS 12136 randomized controlled trial assessing benefits of initiating ART earlier than currently recommended by World Health Organization , with or without a 6-month IPT . of QFT-GIT for detecting active TB at baseline in the first 50 % participants , and 12-month incidence of conversion/reversion in the first 25 % participants were assessed . threshold for positivity was 0.35 IU/ml . the 975 first participants ( median baseline CD4 count 383/mm3 , positive QFT-GIT test 35 % ) , 2.7 % had active TB at baseline . sensitivity , specificity , positive and negative predictive value for active TB were 88.0 % , 66.6 % , 6.5 % and 99.5 % . the 444 patients with a second test at 12 months , rates for conversion and reversion were 9.3 % and 14 % . was more frequent in patients without ART and younger patients . and early ART were not associated with reversion/conversion . negative QFT-GIT could rule out active TB in HIV-infected adults not severely immunosuppressed , thus avoiding repeated TB testing and accelerating diagnosis and care for other diseases . NCT00495651 ."
3390,Abstract #3390,"assess the potential efficacy , safety , and optimal dosing concentration of tavaborole , a novel , boron-based pharmaceutical agent with broad-spectrum antifungal activity , for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail due to dermatophytes . double-blind , randomized , vehicle-controlled study ( study 1 ) and two open-label studies ( studies 2 and 3 ) examined the efficacy , safety , and optimal dosing concentration of tavaborole topical solution applied once daily or three times weekly for 180 days at concentrations of 1.0 % , 2.5 % , 5.0 % , or 7.5 % . cohort 3 of study 2 received open-label tavaborole 5.0 % once daily for 360 days . three studies assessed day 180 treatment success , defined as complete or partial clinical evidence of clear nail growth plus negative fungal culture . total of 336 patients were included in the intent-to-treat ( ITT ) or modified ITT populations and efficacy analyses across the 3 studies . study 1 , treatment success rates at day 180 were higher with tavaborole 2.5 % , 5.0 % , and 7.5 % vs vehicle ( 27 % , 26 % , and 32 % vs 14 % , respectively ; slope P = 0.030 ) . cohort 3 of study 2 , 7 % of patients achieved treatment success with tavaborole 5.0 % at day 360 . culture rates at day 180 in study 1 were numerically higher for tavaborole 2.5 % , 5.0 % , and 7.5 % vs vehicle ( slope P = 0.046 ) . reactions of general irritation , erythema , scaling , and stinging/burning were most common with tavaborole 7.5 % , were generally mild to moderate , and resolved with treatment discontinuation and/or a reduction in dosing frequency . systemic safety concerns were observed . solution demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in phase 2 clinical studies . on these findings , tavaborole topical solution , 5 % was further investigated in larger , more definitive phase 3 studies . from these completed phase 3 studies will provide additional evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of tavaborole in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis ."
3391,Abstract #3391,"aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two oral clopidogrel ( CAS 113665-84-2 ) formulations . study was conducted as a monocentric , open , randomized , single-dose , two-period crossover trial in 48 healthy volunteers with a duration of hospitalization of approximately 24 h after dosing on day 1 and with a real wash-out period of 7 days . samples were collected for 24 h post dosing in each period . plasma was separated and the concentrations of clopidogrel were determined by a LC-MS/MS method . ( 0-tlast ) , Cmax , tmax , AUC ( 0-inf ) , MRT and t1/2 were calculated for both formulations . arithmetic means of AUC ( 0-tlast ) and Cmax were 3,656.01 pg x h/ml and 1970.22 pg/ml for the test formulation and 3771.51 pg x h/ml and 1756.52 pg/ml , respectively , for the reference formulation . mean tmax was 1.16 h for the test and 1.13 h for the reference formulation . point estimators of the ratios of the test and reference formulations for AUC ( 0-tlast ) and Cmax were 1.042 and 1.115 , respectively . , the 90 % confidence intervals calculated by means of ANOVA-log for the first primary endpoint of the trial , the intra-individual ratio ( T/R ) of AUC ( 0-tlast ) of clopidogrel was between 0.932 and 1.165 . 90 % confidence interval calculated by means of ANOVA-log for Cmax of clopidogrel was between 0.973 and 1.277 . 90 % confidence intervals for both parameters were within the predefined acceptance ranges ( 0.80-1 .25 for AUC ( 0-tlast ) and 0.75-1 .33 for Cmax ) . intraindividual coefficients of variation determined by means of ANOVA-log were 33.51 % for AUC ( 0-tlast ) and 41.29 % for Cmax . both products were bioequivalent in terms of the rate and extent of absorption , the present study also confirmed a high variability for clopidogrel suggesting high volunteer numbers in bioequivalence trials ."
3392,Abstract #3392,"counseling and intervention based on application of conventional criteria have been ineffective in preventing the progressive weight loss associated with HIV infection . aim of the study was to compare the progression of clinical and nutritional indicators during nutritional supplementation with or without an enterotropic peptide-based formula enriched with n-3 fatty acids . trial . care . patients were screened for the study . did not meet the inclusion criteria , therefore 74 patients were randomized . these , 38 were randomized to group I ( standard formula ) and 36 were randomized to group II supplementation ( enterotropic peptide-based formula enriched with n-3 fatty acids ) . I received standard enteral formula and group II received a enterotropic peptide-based enteral formula . volume was the same ( 3 cans/day , 236 ml per can ) . both groups enteral supplementation were recommended in conjunction with a registered dietitian under a dietary counseling program based on standard nutrition principles . received a prospective serial assessment of nutrition status , nutritional intake with 24 h written food records , GI symptoms , immune function , anthropometric status and intercurrent health events including infections and hospitalization . determinations were performed at baseline and at 3 months . with both supplements resulted in a significant and sustained increase in weight ( 3.2 % in group I and 3.1 % in group II ) ; this increase was mostly due to fat mass ( 12.8 % in group I ) and ( 7.5 % in group II ) . body water and fat free-mass remained unchanged . counts remained stable in group I , while a significant increase was detected in group II ( 576 + / -403 vs 642 + / -394 cells/mm ( 3 ) ; P < 0.05 ) . the 3 month period CD4 counts remained higher in group II . events ( infections ) were also followed during the 3 month period . II had fewer hospitalizations than group I , but no statistical differences were found . nutritional supplements for a 3 month period were well tolerated and resulted in body weight gain in HIV-infected patients . formula , with peptides and n-3 fatty acids , increased CD4 count ."
3393,Abstract #3393,"compare the amputation rates , quality of life and health care costs in patients receiving duplex ultrasound scanning against clinical surveillance following femoropopliteal and femorocrural vein bypass . , prospective , randomised controlled trial . patients with a patent vein graft at 30 days postoperatively will be randomised to either clinical or duplex follow-up . patients are seen in an out-patient clinic at 6 weeks , then 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 and 18 months postoperatively . each appointment patients are examined clinically ; palpable pulses in the graft and crural vessels , presenting symptoms and their ankle-branchial pressure indices ( ABPIs ) measured . the duplex group only , the results of the scan are monitored . incidence of radiological and/or surgical interventions throughout the follow-up period are also noted . of life is measured using the SF-36 and EuroQol questionnaires at the 6 and 18 month appointments . stays and resource use are documented for health economic analysis . primary endpoint of this study is amputation or death from vascular causes ; however , graft patency rates will also be compared between the groups . of life and health economic data will be used to determine if there is any benefit in either arm in these outcomes between follow-up strategies . large , randomised-controlled trial will hopefully provide direct evidence on the benefit of duplex surveillance for vein grafts in terms of limb salvage , quality of life of the patients and cost-benefit to the purchaser ."
3394,Abstract #3394,", randomized , posttest only design . help contribute to the body of evidence in defining the validity of functional capacity evaluations . capacity evaluations ( FCEs ) are tests used to help determine an individual 's readiness to return to work . FCEs incorporate indicators of effort within the evaluation . evidence validating the use of these indicators is limited . injured and noninjured individuals 18 to 65 years of age participated in this study . participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups : 100 % effort or 50 % effort . were blinded to participant group . Blankenship Version 6.0 software was used to analyze the data and a Blankenship FCE validity profile was scored . score of 70 % or greater was deemed a valid FCE as adopted by the Blankenship protocol . sensitivity of the FCE components tested was demonstrated to be 80 % and specificity was 84.2 % . positive likelihood ratio was 5 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.2 . receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve demonstrated the 70 % cut-off value for scoring the FCE was optimal . components of the Blankenship FCE system demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for detecting submaximal effort . , clinicians should note that false positives ( maximum effort identified as submaximal effort ) may occur and scores of `` equivocal '' are not scored in the `` criteria passed '' category . rater should be aware that this method of scoring could potentially influence a client 's overall FCE score ."
3395,Abstract #3395,"arterial hypertension ( PAH ) is a life threatening disease for which phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil is recently approved . aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil , a long acting congener of sildenafil , in treatment of PAH related to previous left to right shunt lesions . this blinded , cross over study , 11 patients with severe PAH related to congenital left to right shunt lesions ( Eisenmenger syndrome ) were randomly assigned to tadalafil ( 20 mg daily ) or placebo for 4 weeks period , separated by a wash out period of at least 2 weeks . were symptomatic with a six minute walk distance ( 6MWD ) > or = 50 m. change in 6MWD , echo-Doppler determined pulmonary artery systolic pressure ( PASP ) , WHO Class and modified Borg Dyspnea Index ( BDI ) were assessed after each therapy . patients who completed the study protocol were analyzed . was associated with a significant increase in 6MWD ( mean 409.25 SD 40.25 m vs 319.37 SD 42.39 m , p < 0.0001 ) , reduction in PASP ( 88.75 SD 23.26 mmHg vs 109.5 SD 23.78 mmHg , p < 0.0001 ) , improvement in BDI ( 4.62 SD 2.56 vs 6.37 SD 2.61 , p = 0.021 ) and WHO Class ( 6 patients vs 2 patients ) , compared to placebo . was well tolerated with no significant untoward effects . , in patients with PAH related to previous congenital left to right shunt lesions , lead to a significant improvement in exercise capacity ( 6MWD ) , PASP and WHO Class with reduced perceived exertion and was well tolerated ."
3396,Abstract #3396,"tension-type headaches are characterized by near-daily headaches and often are difficult to manage in primary practice . and pharmacological therapies each appear modestly effective , but data are lacking on their separate and combined effects . evaluate the clinical efficacy of behavioral and pharmacological therapies , singly and combined , for chronic tension-type headaches . placebo-controlled trial conducted from August 1995 to January 1998 at 2 outpatient sites in Ohio . hundred three adults ( mean age , 37 years ; 76 % women ) with diagnosis of chronic tension-type headaches ( mean , 26 headache d/mo ) . were randomly assigned to receive tricyclic antidepressant ( amitriptyline hydrochloride , up to 100 mg/d , or nortriptyline hydrochloride , up to 75 mg/d ) medication ( n = 53 ) , placebo ( n = 48 ) , stress management ( eg , relaxation , cognitive coping ) therapy ( 3 sessions and 2 telephone contacts ) plus placebo ( n = 49 ) , or stress management therapy plus antidepressant medication ( n = 53 ) . headache index scores calculated as the mean of pain ratings ( 0-10 scale ) recorded by participants in a daily diary 4 times per day ; number of days per month with at least moderate pain ( pain rating > / = 5 ) , analgesic medication use , and Headache Disability Inventory scores , compared by intervention group . antidepressant medication and stress management therapy each produced larger reductions in headache activity , analgesic medication use , and headache-related disability than placebo , but antidepressant medication yielded more rapid improvements in headache activity . therapy was more likely to produce clinically significant ( > / = 50 % ) reductions in headache index scores ( 64 % of participants ) than antidepressant medication ( 38 % of participants ; P = .006 ) , stress management therapy ( 35 % ; P = .003 ) , or placebo ( 29 % ; P = .001 ) . other measures the combined therapy and its 2 component therapies produced similar outcomes . results indicate that antidepressant medication and stress management therapy are each modestly effective in treating chronic tension-type headaches . therapy may improve outcome relative to monotherapy ."
3397,Abstract #3397,"contagiosum ( MC ) is a pediatric viral infection that is fairly contagious . various treatment methods are available , the presence of facial lesions limits options of therapy . aimed to test an alternative treatment consisting of application of two different concentrations of potassium hydroxide ( of KOH 5 % solution and of KOH 2.5 % solution ) aqueous solution . this study we evaluated the effectiveness and side-effects of daily applications of potassium hydroxide ( KOH ) aqueous solution at 2.5 % and 5 % concentrations , twice daily in 29 children with MC . of a total of 29 patients with molluscum contagiosum included in the study , 13 patients in the 2.5 % KOH group and 12 patients in the KOH 5 % group completed the study . were instructed to apply potassium hydroxide twice a day . assessment of response and side-effects were performed on days 0 , 15 , 30 , 45 and 60 ( visits were numbered 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 , respectively ) and one month after . had a total of 11 ( 44 % ) patients who completely recovered after the fifth visit . eight ( 66.7 % ) of these 11 patients were in the 5 % treatment group , three ( 23.1 % ) patients were in the 2.5 % treatment group , and there was a statistically meaningful difference ( p < 0.047 ) . with fewer lesions remitted better ( p < 0.05 ) . number of lesions were taken into consideration , difference between the two treatment groups appeared after the fourth visit ( p < 0.001 ) . were no statistical differences between the two groups with respect to side-effects ( p = 0.682 ) . hydroxide solution at a concentration of 5 % was more effective than 2.5 % in our patients . treatment was well-tolerated on the face with the advantage of administration of lower concentrations . study suggests potassium hydroxide may be a more preferable mode of treatment for molluscum contagiosum lesions on the face ."
3398,Abstract #3398,"measurement of blood pressure ( BP ) at home by patients with hypertension is increasingly used to assess and monitor BP . for its effectiveness in improving BP control is mixed . determine if home BP monitoring improves BP a pragmatic cluster randomized contolled trial was carried out in family practices in southeastern Ontario , Canada . practice patients with uncontrolled hypertension were recruited to the trail . were divided into two groups : one with at least weekly measurements of BP at home , recording those measurements and showing those to the family physician during office visits for hypertension and the control group were given usual care . primary outcome was mean awake BP on ambulatory monitoring at 6 - and 12-month follow-up and the secondary outcomes were mean BP on full 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( ABPM ) , mean sleep BP on ABPM and BP on the BpTRU device , all at 6 - and 12-month follow-up . BP monitoring did not improve BP compared to usual care at 12-month follow-up : mean awake systolic BP on ABPM [ 141.1 versus 142.8 mmHg , mean difference 1.7 mmHg ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) -0.6 to 4.0 , P = 0.314 ] and mean awake diastolic BP on ABPM ( 78.7 versus 79.4 mmHg , mean difference 0.7 mmHg ; 95 % CI -7.7 to 9.1 , P = 0.398 ) . negative results were obtained for men and women separately . , outcomes using the full 24-hour ABPM and the BpTRU device showed a significantly lower diastolic BP at 12 months . analysis was done by sex , this effect was shown to be only in men . BP monitoring may improve BP control in men with hypertension ."
3399,Abstract #3399,"provide data on the short-term effect of intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema ( DME ) . phase II clinical trial . hundred twenty-one eyes of 121 subjects ( 109 eligible for analysis ) with DME and Snellen acuity equivalent ranging from 20/32 to 20/320 . assignment to 1 of 5 groups : ( A ) focal photocoagulation at baseline ( n = 19 ) , ( B ) intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg of bevacizumab at baseline and 6 weeks ( n = 22 ) , ( C ) intravitreal injection of 2.5 mg of bevacizumab at baseline and 6 weeks ( n = 24 ) , ( D ) intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg of bevacizumab at baseline and sham injection at 6 weeks ( n = 22 ) , or ( E ) intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg of bevacizumab at baseline and 6 weeks with photocoagulation at 3 weeks ( n = 22 ) . subfield thickness ( CST ) on optical coherence tomography and best-corrected visual acuity ( VA ) were measured at baseline and after 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , and 24 weeks . baseline , median CST was 411 mum and median Snellen VA equivalent was 20/50 . with group A , groups B and C had a greater reduction in CST at 3 weeks and about 1 line better median VA over 12 weeks . were no meaningful differences between groups B and C in CST reduction or VA improvement . CST reduction > 11 % ( reliability limit ) was present at 3 weeks in 36 of 84 ( 43 % ) bevacizumab-treated eyes and 5 of 18 ( 28 % ) eyes treated with laser alone , and at 6 weeks in 31 of 84 ( 37 % ) and 9 of 18 ( 50 % ) eyes , respectively . focal photocoagulation with bevacizumab resulted in no apparent short-term benefit or adverse outcomes . developed in 1 eye . following events occurred during the first 24 weeks in subjects treated with bevacizumab without attributing cause to the drug : myocardial infarction ( n = 2 ) , congestive heart failure ( n = 1 ) , elevated blood pressure ( n = 3 ) , and worsened renal function ( n = 3 ) . results demonstrate that intravitreal bevacizumab can reduce DME in some eyes , but the study was not designed to determine whether treatment is beneficial . phase III trial would be needed for that purpose ."
3400,Abstract #3400,"purpose of this study was to investigate the tolerability , pharmacokinetics , and pharmacodynamics of tezosentan , an intravenous dual endothelin receptor antagonist , during chronic infusions in healthy male subjects . was infused at a rate of 100 mg h ( -1 ) for 6 h ( study A , six subjects ) and at a rate of 5 mg h ( -1 ) for 72 h ( study B , eight subjects ) . studies had a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind design . and safety were monitored by the recording of vital signs , ECG , adverse events and clinical laboratory parameters . samples were collected frequently for pharmacokinetic determinations and measurement of plasma endothelin-1 concentrations . both studies tezosentan was well tolerated with headache the most frequently reported adverse event ( incidence of 75-100 % for tezosentan and 50 % for placebo ) . concentrations of tezosentan rapidly approached steady state ( 3000 and 125 ng ml ( -1 ) in study A and B , respectively ) and did not change upon prolonged infusion . two-compartment model could describe its pharmacokinetic profile . half-lives of the two disposition phases were approximately 0.10 and 3.2 h. Endothelin-1 concentrations increased rapidly 11 - and 2-fold compared with pre-dose values in study A and B , respectively , during infusion of tezosentan and did not change during the 72 h infusion . the basis of these results , dose finding studies with tezosentan in acute heart failure can be initiated in the dose range 5-100 mg h ( -1 ) ."
3401,Abstract #3401,"study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety and to compare dosing schedules of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in chemo-nave non-small cell lung cancer patients . with chemo-nave stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer were randomized into two treatment arms . were given oral S-1 ( 60 mg/m/d , twice a day ) from days 1 to 14 with gemcitabine ( 1000 mg/m/d ) on days 1 and 8 ( arm A ) or on days 8 and 15 ( arm B ) . cycle was repeated every 21 days . total of 80 patients were entered in this trial . primary end point of this study was response rate . response rates of arm A and arm B were 22.0 and 28.9 % , respectively ( p = 0.606 ) . time to treatment failure in arm A was 3.6 months and 4.8 months in arm B. Median time to progression in arm A was 4.1 months and 5.5 months in arm B. Median survival time in arm A and arm B was 15.5 months and 18.8 months , respectively . toxicity profile was relatively mild and did not differ very much between two arms . combination of gemcitabine and S-1 was determined to be feasible and effective for advanced non-small cell lung cancer . selected arm B for further studies because of its higher response rate and survival data ."
3402,Abstract #3402,"purpose of this study was to compare the effects of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) - guided therapy with those of intensive clinical management and with usual care ( UC ) on clinical outcomes in chronic symptomatic heart failure . trial results suggest titration of therapy guided by serial plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels improves outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure , but the concept has not received widespread acceptance . , we conducted a longer-term study comparing the effects of NT-proBNP-guided therapy with those of intensive clinical management and with UC of patients with heart failure . hundred sixty-four patients admitted to a single hospital with heart failure were randomly allocated 1:1:1 ( stratified by age ) to therapy guided by NT-proBNP levels or by intensive clinical management , or according to UC . strategies were applied for 2 years with follow-up to 3 years . mortality was less in both the hormone - ( 9.1 % ) and clinically-guided ( 9.1 % ) groups compared with UC ( 18.9 % ; p = 0.03 ) . mortality was selectively reduced in patients < or = 75 years of age receiving hormone-guided treatment ( 15.5 % ) compared with their peers receiving either clinically managed treatment ( 30.9 % ; p = 0.048 ) or UC ( 31.3 % ; p = 0.021 ) . management of chronic heart failure improves 1-year mortality compared with UC . with clinically guided treatment and UC , hormone-guided treatment selectively improves longer-term mortality in patients < or = 75 years of age . NT-proBNP-Assisted Treatment To Lessen Serial Cardiac Readmissions and Death [ BATTLESCARRED ] ; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12605000735651 ) ."
3403,Abstract #3403,"determine the efficacy of spironolactone ( SPIRO ) and hydrochlorothiazide ( HCTZ ) as monotherapy in older patients with hypertension in blood pressure ( BP ) control and measures of vascular stiffness . double-blind trial . teaching hospital . subjects with hypertension ( 24 men , 21 women , mean age 69 ) . months of HCTZ ( n = 21 ) or SPIRO ( n = 24 ) therapy titrated to a target systolic BP ( SBP ) less than 140 mmHg . ( after 4 weeks of antihypertensive drug washout ) and 6-month 24-hour ambulatory BP data were obtained . pressure ( PP ) was calculated as the difference between 24-hour average SBP and DBP . wave velocity ( PWV ) was determined according to noninvasive recordings of carotid and femoral artery pulse waves . months of HCTZ and SPIRO treatment was associated with significant decreases in 24-hour and nocturnal SBP and diastolic BP ( DBP ) ( analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) P < .001 ) . 6 months , average 24-hour and nocturnal SBP were lower in the SPIRO than the HCTZ group ( P < .001 ) . and PWV also decreased significantly with HCTZ and SPIRO treatments ( ANOVA P < .001 ) . months of therapy with HCTZ or SPIRO resulted in comparable reductions in 24-hour average and nocturnal SBP and DBP , PP , and PWV in older subjects with hypertension ."
3404,Abstract #3404,"removal of impacted lower third molar is still the most frequent procedure done by Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons and is often associated with pain , swelling and trismus . postoperative sequelae can cause distress to the patient as a result of tissue trauma and affect the patient 's quality of life after surgery . of antiseptic mouthwashes , drains , muscle relaxants , cryotherapy , antibiotics , corticosteroids and physiotherapy seems to decrease postoperative discomfort . them corticosteroids are well-known adjuncts to surgery for suppressing tissue mediators of inflammation , thereby reducing transudation of fluids and lessening edema . rationale of this study is to determine the effectiveness of submucosal injection of dexamethasone in reducing postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery . patients requiring surgical removal of third molar under local anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups , group I receiving 4 mg dexamethasone as submucosal injection and the control group II received no steroid administration . swelling was quantified by anatomical facial landmarks . , pain and patient satisfaction , as well as neurological score and the degree of mouth opening were observed from each patient . receiving dexamethasone showed significant reduction in pain , swelling , trismus , a tendency to less neurological complaints and improved quality of life compared with the control group . injection of dexamethasone is more efficient to manage postoperative discomfort after removal of third molars compared to no steroid administration ."
3405,Abstract #3405,"exact etiology of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) remains unclear . treatment is not available and current treatment modalities are mainly directed against the predominant symptoms . are a few studies reporting the beneficial effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in patients with chronic constipation , gastroparesis , and functional dyspepsia . investigate whether transcutaneous electrical stimulation is an effective procedure in IBS patients . patients were randomly placed in vacuum interferential current ( IFC ) and placebo groups . treatments consisted of 12 sessions administered over 4 weeks . due to IBS were documented via questionnaires , including the IBS Global Assessment of Improvement Scale , numeric rating scales , visual analogue scale , and IBS Quality of Life Scale at the beginning of , end of , and 1 month after the treatment . in the therapy ( 29 cases ) and placebo ( 29 cases ) groups were homogeneous with respect to demographic data and gastrointestinal system symptoms . compared to the beginning scores , severity of abdominal discomfort , bloating , and abdominal distension and rumbling improved significantly in either interference or placebo groups at both the end of treatment and 1 month after treatment . the IFC group , severity of symptoms continued to decrease significantly at 1 month after treatment when compared to scores at just the end of treatment , whereas in the placebo group severity of these symptoms did not change significantly on numeric severity scales . , the visual analogue scale of the first month after treatment continued to decrease significantly when compared to the level at the end of treatment in the IFC group . quality score increased significantly in the IFC group . IFC therapy can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with IBS . may represent a novel treatment modality for drug-refractory IBS patients ."
3406,Abstract #3406,"evaluate the efficacy , safety , and tolerability of oral sildenafil in Asian men with erectile dysfunction of various causes ( organic , psychogenic , or mixed ) and of more than 6 months ' duration . this double-blind , parallel-group trial conducted at eight centers in Malaysia , the Philippines , and Singapore , 254 men , 26 to 78 years old , were randomized to 12 weeks of sildenafil or placebo taken as needed 1 hour before anticipated sexual activity . , the sildenafil ( n = 127 ) or matching placebo ( n = 127 ) dose was 50 mg but could be increased to 100 mg or decreased to 25 mg because of a lack of efficacy or intolerance , respectively . was assessed by the 15-question International Index of Erectile Function , patients ' event logs of sexual activity , and a global efficacy question about erections . two primary efficacy variables relating to achievement and maintenance of an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse , as assessed by the mean scores for International Index of Erectile Function question 3 ( 4.22 versus 2.59 ) and question 4 ( 4.15 versus 2.41 ) , were both significantly higher with sildenafil than with placebo ( P < 0.0001 ) . addition , the five separate International Index of Erectile Function domains of sexual function , the percentage of successful intercourse attempts , and the global efficacy assessment of erections revealed significantly greater treatment effects in favor of sildenafil ( P < 0.0001 versus placebo for all variables ) . adverse events occurred in 22.8 % of patients who received sildenafil and in 10.2 % of those who received placebo . is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for Asian men with erectile dysfunction of broad-spectrum etiology ."
3407,Abstract #3407,"it is common practice that hypnotics are used on a non-nightly basis , few investigations have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the intermittent dosing strategy . present study was designed to further evaluate this issue within a large scale , double-blind , placebo-controlled , long-term trial . who met DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia participated in the study from January 2000 through October 2001 . were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups ( zolpidem 10 mg or placebo ) for a period of 12 weeks . pills were provided in foil packs on an every-other-week basis , and patients were instructed to take no fewer than 3 and no more than 5 pills per week . was evaluated daily with sleep diaries . use was recorded in the sleep diaries . patients ( mean + / - SD age = 41.0 + / - 12.8 years ; 71 % female ) were randomly assigned to treatment . mean , patients receiving zolpidem exhibited ( vs. baseline ) a 42 % decrease in sleep latency , a 52 % reduction in number of awakenings , a 55 % decrease in wake time after sleep onset , and a 27 % increase in total sleep time . positive clinical gains did not diminish with time and were not associated with dose escalation . was also no evidence of rebound insomnia . a period of 12 weeks of intermittent treatment with zolpidem , sleep continuity was significantly improved , the clinical gains were sustained , and there was no evidence of subjective rebound insomnia between doses or increases in the amount of medication used during the study interval ."
3408,Abstract #3408,"hand dermatitis may have a significant detrimental effect on daily home-related and work-related activities , and quality of life ( QOL ) . propionate foam , 0.05 % , is indicated for the treatment of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients aged 12 years and older . demonstrate superior efficacy , similar safety , and superior QOL outcomes in subjects with moderate to severe chronic hand dermatitis following treatment with clobetasol propionate foam , 0.05 % , compared with vehicle foam . this randomized , double-blind , vehicle-controlled , parallel-group , multicenter study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01323673 ) , subjects aged 12 years and older with moderate to severe chronic hand dermatitis and an Investigator 's Static Global Assessment ( ISGA ) score of 3 or 4 at baseline were randomized 1:1 to receive clobetasol propionate foam , 0.05 % , or vehicle foam , twice daily over 15 days . primary end point was the proportion of subjects who achieved treatment success , defined as improvement from baseline of 2 ISGA grades for the target hand at day 15 . total , 125 subjects were enrolled : 62 subjects were randomized to the clobetasol propionate foam group and 63 subjects were randomized to the vehicle foam group . proportion of subjects with treatment success at day 15 did not differ significantly between treatment groups . events ( AEs ) were reported in 18 % of subjects in the clobetasol propionate foam group and 8 % of subjects in the vehicle foam group . serious AEs , AEs resulting in discontinuation of study product , or severe AEs were reported in the clobetasol propionate foam group . propionate foam , 0.05 % , was not significantly more efficacious than vehicle foam at improving chronic hand dermatitis on investigator-assessed end points . properties of the study product vehicle may be a confounder in the study ."
3409,Abstract #3409,"airway situations are relatively rare events in pediatrics with most graduating residents having little exposure to intubate . video technology offers the promise of reducing complications associated with intubation . study proposes that video laryngoscopy ( VL ) should aid less skilled residents to intubate an infant mannequin with greater success and speed as compared with traditional direct laryngoscopy ( DL ) . ( PED ) and emergency medicine ( EM ) residents were randomized in a prospective controlled study . standard respiratory failure scenario was conducted using SimBaby with an uncomplicated airway . who inadvertently performed esophageal intubation were made aware as part of the scenario and allowed to reattempt until successful . residents voluntarily participated , 49 % EM and 51 % PED . subjects in the DL group required multiple attempts ( 21 % ) , compared with 6 subjects in the VL group ( 17 % ) ( P = 0.718 ) . time to intubation was 30 seconds ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 19-41 seconds ) for DL and 39 seconds ( 95 % CI , 36-42 seconds ) for VL ( P = 0.111 ) . of programs revealed a 77 % PED success rate versus 85 % EM success rate ( P = 0.578 ) and median time to intubation of 38 seconds ( 95 % CI , 31-45 seconds ) for PED compared with 32 seconds ( 95 % CI , 23-41 seconds ) for EM residents ( P = 0.316 ) . a subanalysis , subjects successful at first attempt revealed a 13-second median difference ( DL , 23 seconds [ 95 % CI , 18-28 seconds ] vs. VL , 36 seconds [ 95 % CI , 29-43 seconds ; P = 0.01 ) . a simulated respiratory failure scenario involving residents , VL provided no additional success over DL with slightly longer time to intubation ."
3410,Abstract #3410,"androgen suppression ( IAS ) is an increasingly popular treatment option for castrate-sensitive prostate cancer . the basis of previous data with anti-angiogenic strategies , we hypothesized that pan-inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor using pazopanib during the IAS off period would result in prolonged time to PSA failure . with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer , whose PSA was < 0.5 ng ml ( -1 ) after 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy were randomized to pazopanib 800 mg daily or observation . planned primary outcome was time to PSA progression > 4.0 ng ml ( -1 ) . patients were randomized . 18 patients randomized to pazopanib , at the time of study closure , 4 had progressive disease , 1 remained on treatment and 13 ( 72 % ) electively disenrolled , the most common reason being patient request due to grade 1/2 toxicity ( 8 patients ) . additional patients were removed from treatment due to adverse events . 19 patients randomized to observation , at the time of study closure , 4 had progressive disease , 7 remained under protocol-defined observation and 8 ( 42 % ) had disenrolled , most commonly due to non-compliance with protocol visits ( 3 patients ) . of high dropout rates in both arms , the study was halted . is a treatment approach that may facilitate investigation of novel agents in the hormone-sensitive state . trial attempted to investigate the role of antiangiogenic therapy in this setting , but encountered several barriers , including toxicities and patient non-compliance , which can make implementation of such a study difficult . investigative efforts in this arena should carefully consider drug toxicity and employ a design that maximizes patient convenience to reduce the dropout rate ."
3411,Abstract #3411,"is known that the bifidobacteria flora play important roles in mucosal host defense and can prevent infectious diseases . bacterial populations develop during the first day of life , the authors examined whether the early administration of bifidobacteria has a positive effect on the health of low birth weight infants . effects of oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve ( B. breve ) supplements were studied in a controlled trial with low birth weight infants ( average birth weight 1489 g ) . infants were divided into three groups : Group A and B received a dose of 1.6 x 10 ( 8 ) cells of B. breve supplement twice a day , commencing either from several hours after birth ( group A ) or 24 h after birth ( group B ) . C , the control group , received no supplement . were no significant differences in birth weight , treatment with antibiotics , and the starting time of breast-feeding among the three groups . Bifidobacterium-predominant flora was formed at an average of 2 weeks after birth in group A and at an average of 4 weeks after birth in group B , while no Bifidobacterium was isolated in eight out of 10 infants in group C during the observation period of 7 weeks . comparison between group A and B , Bifidobacterium was detected significantly earlier in group A , and the number of Enterobacteriaceae present in the infants at 2 weeks after birth was significantly lower in group A. results of the present study suggest that very early administration of B. breve to low birth weight infants is useful in promoting the colonization of the Bifidobacterium and the formation of a normal intestinal flora ."
3412,Abstract #3412,"translate Diabetes-39 ( D-39 ) into Arabic language and assess its psychometric properties among patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan . sample of 368 subjects ( 162 men and 206 women ) was randomly selected from patients with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinics in King Abdullah University Hospital ( KAUH ) . was translated using backward forward translation method . D-39 items were recoded , summed and transformed to a 0 to 100-scale . , item level validity , scale level validity and reliability were evaluated . mean ( SD ) of D-39 subscales ranged from 26.9 ( 22.4 ) for ` Social burden ' to 50.5 ( 21.1 ) for ` Energy and Mobility ' . item correlations within each scale were moderate to strong . item-scale correlations exceeded the minimum correlation of 0.40 for adequate item internal consistency . discriminat validity was demonstrated since items correlated higher with their own scale than with other scales . all scales , Cronbach 's alpha coefficient exceeded the minimum criterion of 0.7 . version of D-39 is a reliable and valid instrument to measure quality of life among patients with diabetes in Jordan ."
3413,Abstract #3413,"this phase 2 study gammahydroxybutyric acid-ethanolamide ( GHB-ethanolamide ) was compared with midazolam for sedation of patients in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) . is a new derivative of gammahydroxybutyric acid , a drug commonly used for sedation in intensive care patients . total of 29 non-intubated , spontaneously breathing patients following major surgery , were randomly assigned to 2 groups : group A ( n = 14 ) received 150 mg/kg GHB-ethanolamide i.v. followed by 150 mg/kg/h . B ( n = 15 ) received 0.025 mg/kg midazolam i.v. followed by 0.025 mg/kg/h . degree of sedation was assessed over a 3-5 h period both clinically by the Ramsay Score and by the spectral frequency index ( SFx ) , derived by continuous computerized EEG recording ( CATEEM ) . : the SFx showed a significantly deeper sedation compared to baseline values , 10 , 60 and 120 min after start of sedation in the GHB-ethanolamide group . contrast , no difference could be observed compared to baseline values in the midazolam group . comparison between both groups showed a deeper sedation in the GHB group 60 and 120 min after start of sedation . Ramsay Score increased from baseline values of 2.0 ( 2.0 / 2.0 ) to 3.0 ( 2.0 / 3.0 ) during sedation ( Median ( 25th/75th percentile ) and no significant differences could be observed between groups . the Midazolam group the sedation of two patients had to be terminated because of side effects ( Ramsay Score 6 and paradoxical , agitated reaction ) . produces adequate sedation for extubated and spontaneously breathing ICU patients . drug might be safer than midazolam with regards to side effects such as respiratory depression ."
3414,Abstract #3414,"answer the following questions regarding the effect of intensive diabetes management on retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( IDDM ) : ( 1 ) Does intensive therapy completely prevent the development of retinopathy ? 2 ) Are some states of retinopathy too advanced to benefit from intensive therapy ? 3 ) Are the retinopathy endpoints in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial ( DCCT ) clinically important ? ( 4 ) What other factors influence the effectiveness of therapy ? total of 1441 patients , ranging in age from 13 and 39 years and with IDDM of 1 to 5 years ' duration and no retinopathy at baseline ( primary prevention cohort ) or with 1 to 15 years ' duration and minimal to moderate nonproliferative retinopathy ( secondary intervention cohort ) , were assigned randomly to either intensive or conventional diabetes therapy . therapy , aimed at achieving glycemic levels as close to the normal range as possible , included three or more daily insulin injections or a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion , guided by four or more glucose tests daily . therapy included one or two daily injections . stereo-scopic fundus photography was performed every 6 months , for a mean follow-up of 6.5 years ( range , 4-9 years ) . therapy reduced the risk of any retinopathy ( > or = 1 microaneurysm ) developing in the primary prevention cohort ( 70 % of intensive versus 90 % of conventional treatment group ; P = 0.002 ) by 27 % . reduced the risk of retinopathy developing or progressing to clinically significant degrees by 34 % to 76 % . therapy was most effective when initiated early in the course of IDDM . had a substantial beneficial effect over the entire spectrum of retinopathy studied in the DCCT and , with rare exceptions , in all patient subgroups . intensive therapy does not prevent retinopathy completely , it has a beneficial effect that begins after 3 years of therapy on all levels of retinopathy studied in the DCCT . reduction in risk observed in the study is translatable directly into reduced need for laser treatment and saved sight . therapy should form the backbone of any healthcare strategy aimed at reducing the risk of visual loss from diabetic retinopathy ."
3415,Abstract #3415,"motile human spermatozoa were obtained following treatment of semen by simultaneous swim-up into medium and swim-down into an isotonic 40 % Percoll solution . procedure was significantly better than the swim-up method and comparable to discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation . rates of motile sperm were 35 % for swim-up , 65 % for Percoll gradient centrifugation , and 73 % for swim-up/swim-down . swim-down sperm was inferior to the swim-up sperm in its upward migration capacity but superior in morphology . obtained by the swim-up/swim-down procedure demonstrated fertilizing ability in IVF , and clinical pregnancies were established . simultaneous swim-up/swim-down procedure offers an alternative efficient method of simple separation of high-quality motile sperm for various assisted reproduction techniques ."
3416,Abstract #3416,"this pilot study a computer-assisted cognitive training programme ( CAT ) was tested and evaluated in patients with depressive syndromes for its effects on neuropsychological parameters , modd and dysfunctional cognitions . total of 48 patients were randomized either to the treatment or the control group . former underwent 20 sessions , 30-45 minutes each , of computer-assisted cognitive training , twice a week . the beginning and at the end of the training ( ten weeks later ) , both groups were given neuropsychological tests ( memory , attention , concentration and information processing speed ) and also questionnaires to assess depressive mood , thoughts , negative self communication and locus of control . the start of the study , both the groups information processing speed . these were absent in the control group . the depressive mood , as well as negative self-communication markedly improved in the training group . expected , these results were not observed in the control group . to these results in depressed patients a computer-assisted cognitive training programme might have a positive influence not only on their neuropsychological functions but also on their dysfunctional beliefs . CAT should be part of the treatment of depressive patients ."
3417,Abstract #3417,"has demonstrated the effectiveness of computerized cognitive behaviour therapy ( cCBT ) for depression and anxiety in adults , but there has been little work with children and adolescents . describe the development of a cCBT intervention ( Think , Feel , Do ) for young people , and preliminary outcomes and feedback from a pilot randomized controlled trial . participants aged 11 to 16 with depression or anxiety were randomized to receive cCBT immediately or after a delay . measures were used to assess self-reported anxiety , depression , self-esteem and cognitions , as well as parent rated strengths and difficulties . feedback form was also completed to assess young people 's views of the programme . total of 15 participants completed the pre and post assessments in the trial , and 17 provided feedback on the intervention . samples t-tests demonstrated significant improvements on 3 subscales in the control condition , compared to 7 subscales in the cCBT condition . showed moderate to high satisfaction for participants . study provides encouraging preliminary results for the effectiveness and acceptability of cCBT with this age group ."
3418,Abstract #3418,"with goal-directed crystalloid therapy , goal-directed colloid therapy during high-risk surgery may improve postoperative outcome . intraoperative fluid therapy based on goal-directed protocol with different types of fluid has distinctive effects on brain relaxation and cerebral metabolism during craniotomy remains unclear . patients with supratentorial brain tumors undergoing craniotomy were randomly assigned to either a Ringer 's Lactate-based goal-directed group ( LR group , n = 20 ) or a 6 % hydroxyethyl starch-based goal-directed group ( HES group , n = 20 ) . goal was achieved by maintaining a target stroke volume variation ( SVV < 13 % ) by volume loading with LR or HES throughout the procedure . primary outcome is brain relaxation scales , an indirect evaluation of ICP ; secondary endpoints include cerebral metabolism variables ( jugular venous oxygen saturation [ SjvO ( 2 ) ] , arterial-jugular venous differences in oxygen [ CajvO ( 2 ) ] , glucose [ A-JvGD ] , lactate [ A-JvLD ] , and cerebral extraction ratio for oxygen [ CERO ( 2 ) ] ) and fluid volumes . is no significant difference between the LR and HES groups on brain relaxation scales ( P = 0.845 ) , or measures of cerebral oxygenation and metabolism . comparisons showed that CERO ( 2 ) increased by 14.3 % ( P = 0.009 , LR group ) and 13.2 % ( P = 0.032 , HES group ) , respectively , and SjvO ( 2 ) was decreased by 8.8 % ( P = 0.016 , LR group ) and 8.1 % ( P = 0.026 , HES group ) , respectively , after tumor removal , compared with baseline . surgery , the LR group ( 30701138 mL ) received more fluid than the HES group ( 2041758 mL , P = 0.002 ) . patients undergoing supratentorial tumor resection , goal-directed HES therapy was not superior to goal-directed LR therapy for brain relaxation or cerebral metabolism , although less fluid was needed to maintain the target SVV in the HES-based group than in the LR-based group ."
3419,Abstract #3419,"knee pain ( AKP ) is the most common activity-related injury of the knee . authors investigated the effect of an exercise intervention on the incidence of AKP in UK army recruits undergoing a 14-week physically arduous training program . military training to include targeted preventative exercises may reduce the incidence of AKP in a young recruit population . controlled trial ; Level of evidence , 1 . single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial was performed in 39 male and 11 female training groups ( median age : 19.7 years ; interquartile range , 17-25 ) undergoing phase 1 of army recruit training . group was randomly assigned to either an intervention ( n = 759 ) or control ( n = 743 ) protocol . intervention consisted of 4 strengthening and 4 stretching exercises completed during supervised physical training lessons ( 7 per week ) . control group followed the existing training syllabus warm-up exercises . primary outcome was a diagnosis of AKP during the 14-week training program . participants ( 3.1 % ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 2.3-4 .1 ) were diagnosed with AKP . were 36 ( 4.8 % ; 95 % CI , 3.5-6 .7 ) new cases of AKP in the control group and 10 ( 1.3 % ; 0.7-2 .4 ) in the intervention group . was a 75 % reduction in AKP risk in the intervention group ( unadjusted hazard ratio = 0.25 ; 95 % CI , 0.13-0 .52 ; P < .001 ) . participants ( 0.4 % ) from the intervention group were discharged from the military for medical reasons compared to 25 ( 3.4 % ) in the control group . simple set of lower limb stretching and strengthening exercises resulted in a substantial and safe reduction in the incidence of AKP in a young military population undertaking a physical conditioning program . exercises could also be beneficial for preventing this common injury among nonmilitary participants in recreational physical activity ."
3420,Abstract #3420,"is a once daily inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase boosted by ritonavir . aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of elvitegravir with raltegravir , another HIV-1 integrase inhibitor , in patients in whom previous antiretroviral treatment failed . conducted a randomised , double-blind , double-dummy , phase 3 study at 234 sites in 13 countries . patients had plasma HIV RNA of 1000 copies per mL or greater , any CD4 cell count , and resistance to or 6 months ' experience with at least two classes of antiretroviral drugs . received an open-label background regimen of a fully active , ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor and a second agent . randomly allocated patients ( 1:1 ) by computer with a block size of four to receive either elvitegravir 150 mg once daily ( n = 361 ; 85 mg dose if given with atazanavir , or lopinavir with ritonavir ) or raltegravir 400 mg twice daily ( n = 363 ) . tablets were given to mask the difference in daily dosing . primary endpoint was achievement and maintenance of virological response ( HIV RNA < 50 copies per mL ) through week 48 . was prespecified with a margin of 10 % . did a modified intention-to-treat analysis . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00708162 . patients allocated elvitegravir and 12 assigned raltegravir were excluded from the analysis ( either for protocol violations or because they did not receive treatment ) . ( 59 % ) of 351 patients allocated elvitegravir achieved virological response compared with 203 ( 58 % ) of 351 assigned raltegravir ( treatment difference 11 % , 95 % CI -60 to 82 ) , meeting the criterion for non-inferiority ( p = 0001 ) . patients allocated elvitegravir had serious adverse events related to study drugs compared with seven assigned raltegravir ; two and eight patients died , respectively . individuals assigned elvitegravir reported diarrhoea up to week 48 ( p = 0023 ) , and more patients assigned raltegravir had grade 3 or 4 rises in alanine aminotransferase ( p = 0020 ) or aspartate aminotransferase ( p = 0009 ) . used in combination with a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor in treatment-experienced patients has similar efficacy and safety to raltegravir . elvitegravir can be given once a day compared with twice a day for raltegravir , elvitegravir might improve patients ' adherence . Sciences ."
3421,Abstract #3421,"design and evaluate an office-based intervention aimed at maintaining parent-adolescent teamwork in diabetes management tasks without increasing diabetes-related family conflict . were 85 patients ( aged 10-15 years , mean 12.6 years ) with type 1 diabetes ( mean duration 5.5 years ; mean HbA1c 8.5 % ) who were randomly assigned to one of three study groups -- teamwork , attention control , and standard care -- and followed for 24 months . each visit , parent involvement in insulin administration and blood glucose monitoring was assessed . teamwork and attention control interventions were integrated into routine ambulatory visits over the first 12 months ( four medical visits ) . of diabetes-related family conflict were collected at baseline and after 12 months . patients were followed for an additional 12 months with respect to glycemic control . the teamwork group , there was no major deterioration ( 0 % ) in parent involvement in insulin administration , in contrast to 16 % major deterioration in the combined comparison ( attention control and standard care ) group ( P < 0.03 ) . , no teamwork families showed major deterioration in parent involvement with blood glucose monitoring versus 11 % in the comparison group ( P < 0.07 ) . both the Diabetes Family Conflict Scale and the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist , teamwork families reported significantly less conflict at 12 months . analysis of HbA1c over the 12 - to 24-month follow-up period indicated that more adolescents in the teamwork group ( 68 % ) than in the comparison group ( 47 % ) improved their HbA1c ( P < 0.07 ) . data demonstrate that parent involvement in diabetes management tasks can be strengthened through a low-intensity intervention integrated into routine follow-up diabetes care . , despite increased engagement between teen and parent centered around diabetes tasks , the teamwork families showed decreased diabetes-related family conflict . the context of a broader cultural recognition of the protective function of parent involvement in the lives of adolescents , the findings of this study reinforce the potential value of a parent-adolescent partnership in managing chronic disease ."
3422,Abstract #3422,"evaluate nonsurgical alternatives in reopening chronically occluded aortic bifurcation . randomized study . referral center for vascular diseases . of 39 consecutive patients with chronic aortoiliac disease including a totally occluded aortic bifurcation were found to be acceptable candidates for an aortobifemoral prosthetic graft . were randomly assigned to receive either streptokinase or urokinase or recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator ( rt-PA ) . cases of successful thrombolysis and residual obstructions , subsequent balloon angioplasty was attempted . bypass grafting was done if thrombolytic treatment and balloon angioplasty failed . lysis was achieved in 5 of 25 patients ( 20 % ) . 10 ( 40 % ) patients , lysis showed residual obstructions , which were reopened mechanically in 8 patients ; 2 patients had extra-anatomical bypass grafts . patients ( 40 % ) without thrombolysis had surgical aortobifemoral bypass grafts . , recanalization and clinical improvement were achieved in 13 of 25 patients ( 52 % ) by thrombolytic therapy and subsequent balloon angioplasty . recanalization rate did not differ among the different thrombolytic drugs . , rt-PA therapy resulted in reopening after 4 days of treatment ; streptokinase , after 6 days ; and urokinase , after 9 days ( P < 0.005 ) . major complications or deaths occurred . treatment followed by balloon angioplasty may help avoid the need for aorto-bifemoral prosthetic bypass grafting in more than 50 % of patients with chronic aortoiliac disease ."
3423,Abstract #3423,"evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of fluticasone propionate ( FP ) hydrofluoroalkane ( HFA ) in children age 1 to < 4 years with asthma . were assigned ( 2:1 ) to receive FP HFA 88 mug ( n = 239 ) or placebo HFA ( n = 120 ) twice daily through a metered-dose inhaler with a valved holding chamber and attached facemask for 12 weeks . primary efficacy measure was mean percent change from baseline to endpoint in 24-hour daily ( composite of daytime and nighttime ) asthma symptom scores . FP-treated children had significantly greater ( P < or = .05 ) reductions in 24-hour daily asthma symptom scores ( -53.9 % vs -44.1 % ) and nighttime symptom scores over the entire treatment period compared with the placebo group . asthma symptom scores and albuterol use were slightly more decreased with FP than with placebo ; however , the differences were not statistically significant . in the percentage of symptom-free days were comparable . percentage of patients who experienced at least 1 adverse event was similar in the 2 groups . median urinary cortisol excretion values were comparable between the groups , and there was little change from baseline at endpoint . plasma concentrations demonstrated that systemic exposure was low . HFA 88 mug twice daily was effective and well tolerated in pre-school-age children with asthma ."
3424,Abstract #3424,"laboratory study , longitudinal . investigate the effects of frequency and self-control of feedback on physiotherapy students learning lumbar spinal mobilization . mobilization is included in most physiotherapy curricula . , force application varies between therapists and the optimal feedback for learning is unknown . physiotherapy students were randomized to 3 feedback groups : constant ( 100 % of practice trials ) , intermittent ( 33 % ) , and self-controlled ( varied according to student choice ) feedback . performed 12 practice trials of grade II posterior-to-anterior mobilization to the third lumbar vertebra while receiving real-time feedback . differences between students ' force parameters ( mean peak force [ N ] , force amplitude [ N ] , and oscillation frequency [ Hz ] ) and those of a physiotherapist expert were compared between groups posttest and at a follow-up of 5 to 7 days using analysis of covariance . completed a survey regarding their perceptions of feedback . in the self-controlled group applied mean peak force ( mean difference between student and expert , 6.7 N ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 4.4 , 9.0 ) and force amplitude ( 6.3 N ; 95 % CI : 4.2 , 8.4 ) that more closely matched the expert 's than those applied by the constant group ( 13.7 N ; 95 % CI : 8.7 , 18.6 ; P = .021 , and 13.1 N ; 95 % CI : 8.9 , 17.4 ; P = .028 ) at posttest , with similar results at follow-up for force amplitude only ( self-controlled , 9.5 N ; 95 % CI : 5.8 , 18.1 ; constant , 21.0 N ; 95 % CI : 13.3 , 28.7 ; P = .018 ) . were no other significant differences . students reported a better understanding of manual force application , but feedback preferences varied . feedback appears to be more beneficial than constant feedback for students learning to apply forces during lumbar mobilization ."
3425,Abstract #3425,"ascertain whether the side effects of gossypol , hypokalemia and irreversibility , could be avoided on dose reduction . male volunteers were divided into 3 groups : control ( 22 cases ) , 10 mg gossypol ( 29 cases ) and 12.5 mg ( 26 cases ) . levels of testosterone , FSH and LH were measured by RIA and potassium by flame photometry . counts and motility were examined before and regularly after treatment for the evaluation of contraceptive efficacy . average sperm density and motility started to decrease significantly by the end of month 2 of medication and gradually reached the infertility levels ( < 4 million/mL ) in both treated groups . that the 10 mg group was asked to take the same dose every other day for up to a total observation period of 16-18 months for the maintenance of infertility . in the 12.5 mg group did not take gossypol any more so as to observe the length of the loading dose required , but in a few , a maintenance dose of 12.5 mg every other day was instituted for a few more months . both treated groups , none of the spouses was pregnant during the maintenance dose period . levels of potassium , FSH , LH and testosterone were not significantly changed and not a single volunteer complained of myoasthenia . cessation of drug administration , the semen data returned to pretreatment levels . regimen with 10 or 12.5 mg of gossypol as the daily loading dose and 35 or 43.75 mg as the weekly maintenance dose could induce infertility in male volunteers without developing hypokalemia or irreversibility ."
3426,Abstract #3426,"benefits of intra-aortic balloon pumping ( IABP ) usage reportedly occur through systolic unloading of the left ventricle and the augmentation of diastolic coronary flow . aim of this study was to assess the change in intracoronary pressure distal to the coronary stenosis after the IABP by using an intracoronary pressure wire . variables and intracoronary pressure data were measured in 16 patients requiring IABP for clinical indication ( 11 vessels with coronary stenosis and 5 normal vessels were enrolled ) . pressure was measured directly in each vessel with and without IABP support . diastolic aortic pressure during IABP increased compared with that without the IABP ( 97.9 + / - 11.7 vs 80.3 + / - 10.7 mm Hg , P < .01 ) . systolic aortic and intracoronary pressure during the IABP decreased ( aortic pressure : 83.8 + / - 10.4 vs 95.9 + / - 11.3 mm Hg , P < .01 , intracoronary pressure : 67.6 + / - 16.5 vs 76.2 + / - 20.4 mm Hg , P < .01 ) . diastolic distal coronary pressure ( Pd ) increased during the IABP in healthy coronary arteries ( 87.3 + / - 4.8 vs 72.1 + / - 10.3 mm Hg , P < .05 ) . , Pd in stenotic coronary arteries with the IABP did not increase statistically compared with those without the IABP ( 44.0 + / - 21.3 vs 42.8 + / - 17.9 mm Hg ) . was a significant correlation between the change in Pd after IABP insertion and percent diameter stenosis calculated by quantitative coronary angiography ( r2 = 0.51 , P < .001 ) . the presence of a critical coronary stenosis , the IABP does not increase the diastolic coronary pressure distal to the stenosis . , the major effect of IABP on high-risk patients with severe coronary stenosis may relate to the reduction of oxygen demand by systolic unloading more than diastolic augmentation of the coronary flow ."
3427,Abstract #3427,"patients continue to have mobility problems as a long-term consequence of stroke and it is unclear whether routine , further contact with a physiotherapy service is beneficial . single-centre , randomized controlled trials of physiotherapy for patients more than one year post stroke have been undertaken in Oxford and Bradford in the UK and the results from these two trials have been combined to give a more precise estimate of effectiveness . computerized databases from both trials were combined for a joint analysis . measures common to both trials were : Rivermead Mobility Index ; gait speed measured over 10 metres ; Barthel Index ; Frenchay Activities Index ; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale . were 264 patients available for the combined analysis ( Oxford = 94 ; Bradford = 170 ) . was a significant but clinically small improvement in mobility at three months in the combined treatment group measured by the Rivermead Mobility Index ( median of the differences = 0 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0 , 1 ) ; interpolated values = 0.43 ( 95 % CI 0.08 , 0.80 ) ) and gait speed ( treatment effect 2.7 m/min ( 95 % CI 0.94 , 4.46 ) ) . were no other significant differences . given in both studies was at the discretion of the physiotherapists and was of similar and low intensity ( mean visits Oxford = 4 ( SD 2.5 ) ; Bradford = 5 ( SD 4.5 ) ) . more effective physiotherapy intervention is required for stroke patients with persisting mobility problems after stroke ."
3428,Abstract #3428,"determine the reliability of the diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis ( NGU ) , and the variation between and within microscopists , from urethral smears at a large London genitourinary medicine clinic . senior microscopist ( SM ) preselected 60 Gram stained urethral smear slides , 20 negative ( < 5 polymorphs/hpf ) , 20 low grade NGU ( 5-20 p/hpf ) , and 20 high grade NGU ( > 20 p/hpf ) . experienced microscopists , blinded to these initial grades , examined all slides giving each a polymorph score . relabelling and randomly changing their order , the slides were re-examined by the same microscopists . , the SM determined whether the study had resulted in loss of cells from any of the slides . SM 's initial grading and the consensus among microscopists provide two gold standards for analysis . low grade and five high grade slides were removed from analysis because of loss of cells . SM standard , considering microscopists ' readings as simply non-NGU ( < 5 p/hpf ) or NGU ( > or = 5 p/hpf ) , 97 % from negative slides were correct ( variation 93-100 across microscopists ) , 68 % from low grade slides ( 45-95 ) , and 94 % from high grade slides ( 83-100 ) . between repeat readings by the same microscopist was 96 % for negatives , 75 % for low grade and 89 % for high grade slides . were similar by consensus standard . was considerable variation between and within microscopists in the diagnosis of NGU . was strongly related to grade of urethritis , with an appreciable proportion of low grade urethritis falsely diagnosed as negative . increasing attendances for sexual health screening , a false positive rate of only 3 % may lead to many false diagnoses ."
3429,Abstract #3429,"and palliative care programs to relieve suffering and optimize management of terminally ill patients have grown rapidly in the United States . , there are no data on the need for these services among patients with end-stage heart failure receiving intermittent infusion of intravenous inotropes . need for hospice and palliative care programs among patients in end-stage heart failure who receive intermittent infusion of inotropes is investigated . study included all stable patients with refractory heart failure symptoms treated with inotropes in our outpatient unit . total of 73 patients ( 65 + / - 12 years ; left ventricular ejection fraction 22 + / - 9 % ; New York Heart Association class 3.6 + / - 0.4 ) were seen during a 49-month period . these , 35 patients ( 48 % ) met hospice or palliative care evaluation criteria upon referral but were offered , and accepted , the alternative of parenteral inotropes . all , 1,737 individual outpatient treatment sessions were given , with a mean of 24 + / - 19 sessions per patient ( range 5 to 118 sessions ) , representing a minimum of 9,948 h of inotrope therapy . total of 18 ( 25 % ) patients died , 6 ( 8 % ) patients were withdrawn from the program ( 3 by their primary physicians and 3 because of significant travel limitations ) ; 4 ( 5 % ) patients required continuous intravenous home therapy ; and 44 ( 61 % ) patients were discharged with significant improvement in their heart failure symptoms . 7 of the 18 patients who died had received hospice or palliative care intervention , mainly for the sake of comfort and to ease the transition among family members . rest of the patients were comfortable and had accepted the natural evolution of their disease ; they were not interested in or did not require hospice or palliative care intervention . the patients discharged from the outpatient cardiac infusion unit , the interval free of heart failure symptoms after the final infusion treatment ranged from 201 to 489 days , with no need for hospitalization or emergency room visits . results demonstrate that intermittent infusion of intravenous inotropes can be safely administered and can improve symptoms in a significant number of patients , probably by slowing the natural progression of heart failure . the full clinical impact of inotrope therapy in an outpatient setting has not been fully defined , other nonhemodynamic-related benefits should be sought and investigated . results suggest that intermittent infusion of intravenous inotropes is one of the prominent variables that requires particular attention . our experience , the institution of intermittent infusions of intravenous inotropes can , in fact , modify end-stage heart failure symptoms that , in most patients , are currently perceived to lead to a terminal event . , appropriate use of intermittent infusion of intravenous inotropes may not only improve functional class and symptoms in a significant number of patients identified as terminal by their poor response to conventional therapy , but it may also facilitate better utilization of hospice and palliative care resources among patients with end-stage heart failure . , the need for hospice and palliative care in patients with heart failure should be revisited in view of adjuvant treatment options such as intermittent infusion of intravenous inotropes ."
3430,Abstract #3430,"( HMW ) adiponectin has important antiatherosclerotic properties . study compared circulating HMW adiponectin concentrations and other parameters between patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) and participants without CAD . investigated whether treatment with statins and either telmisartan or enalapril might affect HMW adiponectin and other parameters in patients with CAD . , adiponectin concentrations were compared after 6 months of treatment between CAD patients with versus without cardiac events . patients with stable CAD admitted to our hospital ( Iwate Medical University School of Medicine , Iwate , Japan ) for percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) and stent implantation and with no previous treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers or statins were recruited . with CAD who met all eligibility criteria were randomly assigned using computer-generated numbers in a 1:1 ratio to receive telmisartan ( 40 mg/d ) or enalapril ( 5 mg/d ) for 6 months . addition , all patients with CAD were treated with atorvastatin ( 10 mg/d ) . patients without CAD received no treatment with telmisartan , enalapril , or atorvastatin . concentrations of total and HMW adiponectin were measured using a highly sensitive ELISA system before PCI or drug treatment ( ie , baseline ) and after 6 months of treatment . addition , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) were measured . evaluate cardiac events , follow-up coronary angiography was performed at least 6 months after PCI . study included 70 patients with stable CAD ( mean [ SD ] age , 65.8 [ 10.9 ] years ; male/female ratio , 55/15 ) and 25 participants with normal results on coronary angiography ( non-CAD ) ( mean age , 63.5 [ 11.2 ] years ; male/female ratio , 20/5 ) . concentrations ( mean [ SD ] ) of HMW adiponectin were significantly lower in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group ( 2.0 [ 0.3 ] vs 9.2 [ 0.5 ] microg/mL ; P < 0.01 ) . ratio of HMW to total adiponectin was also lower in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group ( 0.37 [ 0.02 ] vs 0.53 [ 0.02 ] ; P < 0.01 ) . concentrations of HMW adiponectin were negatively correlated with hs-CRP ( r = -0.60 ) and HOMA-IR ( r = -0.30 ) in patients with CAD . 6 months of treatment , the telmisartan group showed significantly increased HMW adiponectin concentrations and HMW/total adiponectin ratio ( HMW , 3.7 [ 0.7 ] vs 2.1 [ 0.5 ] microg/mL ; P < 0.01 vs baseline ; HMW/total , 0.44 [ 0.02 ] vs 0.39 [ 0.02 ] ; P < 0.05 vs baseline ) , whereas HOMA-IR was significantly decreased ( 2.86 [ 1.93 ] vs 3.39 [ 1.77 ] ; P < 0.05 vs baseline ) . at follow-up was significantly lower in the telmisartan group than in the enalapril group ( 2.86 [ 1.93 ] vs 3.64 [ 1.45 ] ; P < 0.05 ) . contrast , treatment with enalapril was not associated with any significant changes in total or HMW adiponectin concentrations , HMW/total adiponectin ratio , or HOMA-IR . the telmisartan and the enalapril groups showed significant decreases in hs-CRP after 6 months ( P < 0.05 vs baseline ) . 6 months of treatment with either telmisartan or enalapril , HMW adiponectin concentrations were 0.7 ( 0.2 ) microg/mL with cardiac events versus 3.2 ( 0.4 ) microg/mL without ( P < 0.05 ) ; HMW/total concentrations were 0.25 ( 0.03 ) with cardiac events versus 0.43 ( 0.01 ) without ( P < 0.01 ) . contrast , hs-CRP concentrations were higher in patients with cardiac events than in those without cardiac events ( 2.42 [ 0.52 ] vs 1.86 [ 0.45 ] log10 microg/dL ; P < 0.01 ) . study found that treatment with telmisartan and statins ( but not enalapril and statins ) was associated with a significant increase in HMW adiponectin concentrations and a decrease in insulin resistance in these patients with CAD ."
3431,Abstract #3431,"combining long acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonists ( LABA ) and corticosteroids ( ICS ) are indicated at Step 3 of current asthma guidelines . evaluated the relative effects of LABA + ICS combination vs ICS alone on pulmonary function , bronchoprotection , acute salbutamol recovery following methacholine bronchial challenge , and surrogate inflammatory markers in patients with moderate persistent asthma . patients with mean FEV1 ( + / - SEM ) of 78 + / - 3 % predicted completed a randomized , double-blind , double-dummy , cross-over study . received either 4 weeks of budesonide 400 microg + formoterol 12 microg ( BUD + FM ) combination twice daily followed by 1 week of BUD 400 microg alone twice daily , or 4 weeks of fluticasone propionate 250 microg + salmeterol 50 microg ( FP + SM ) combination twice daily followed by 1 week of FP 250 microg alone twice daily . were made at baseline and following each randomized treatment . increase from pretreatment baseline as mean ( + / - SEM ) % predicted was significantly higher ( P < 0.05 ) for BUD + FM ( 8 + / - 1 % ) vs BUD ( 2 + / - 1 % ) , and for FP + SM ( 8 + / - 1 % ) vs FP ( 2 + / - 1 % ) . fall in FEV1 following methacholine challenge as percentage change from prechallenge baseline FEV1 was not significantly different in all four groups ; BUD + FM ( 22 + / - 1 % ) , BUD ( 24 + / - 1 % ) , FP + SM ( 23 + / - 1 % ) and FP ( 23 + / - 1 % ) . recovery over 30 min following methacholine challenge as area under curve ( AUC % . ) was significantly blunted ( P < 0.05 ) with BUD + FM ( 486.7 + / - 35.5 ) vs BUD ( 281.1 + / - 52.8 ) , and with FP + SM ( 553.1 + / - 34.1 ) vs FP ( 368.3 + / - 46.7 ) . were no significant differences between respective combination inhalers or between respective ICS alone . in exhaled nitric oxide ( NO ) and serum eosinophilic cationic protein ( ECP ) from baseline were not significantly different between treatments . inhalers improve pulmonary function without potentiating anti-inflammatory effects on exhaled NO and serum ECP as compared with ICS alone , but delay acute salbutamol recovery after bronchoconstriction ."
3432,Abstract #3432,"propionate and nasal saline irrigation have been used in the treatment of sinonasal diseases for a long time . study investigates the effect of the combination of large volume low pressure nasal saline irrigation and fluticasone propionate for the treatment of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis . pediatric patients with acute rhinosinusitis were included in our study . patients were randomized into two groups . first group ( n = 45 ) was treated with standard therapy ( antibiotherapy + nasal decongestant ) for 2 weeks , the second group was treated with the large volume low pressure nasal saline + fluticasone propionate combination for 3 weeks . clinical scores , radiologic evaluations ( X-ray Waters view ) , peak nasal inspiratory flow ( PNIF ) measurements , total symptom scores and hematologic parameters ( WBC , CRP , ESR ) of the patients were evaluated and compared . were no significant differences in between the two groups regarding age , gender , height and weight . though the clinical scores of Group 2 improved more rapidly , there were no significant differences in between groups regarding clinical scores by the 21st day . were no significant differences in post treatment radiologic evaluations ( Waters graphy ) . groups had significant improvement of their post treatment PNIF values , yet the improvement was more marked in Group 2 than in Group 1 . rhinorrhea , nasal congestion , throat itching and cough symptoms improved more rapidly in Group 2 than in Group 1 . nose itching and sneezing symptoms were significantly less in Group 2 . values of hematologic parameters were significantly reduced at the end of the 3rd week in both groups . study is a first in investigating the combined use of large volume low pressure nasal saline and fluticasone propionate in acute pediatric rhinosinusitis , and the results reveal that the combination therapy was effective . pressure large volume nasal saline + fluticasone propionate combination can be employed as a new line of therapy for the treatment of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis , either by itself or combined with standard therapy ."
3433,Abstract #3433,"is associated with pancreatic - cell apoptosis and reduced insulin sensitivity . suggests that interleukin ( IL ) -1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . study aimed to determine the efficacy , safety , and tolerability of LY2189102 , a neutralizing IL-1 antibody , in T2DM patients . II , randomized , double-blind , parallel , placebo-controlled study of subcutaneous LY2189102 ( 0.6 , 18 , and 180 mg ) administered weekly for 12 weeks in T2DM patients on diet and exercise , with or without approved antidiabetic medications . reduced HbA1c at 12 weeks ( adjusted mean differences versus placebo : -0.27 , -0.38 and -0.25 % for 0.6 , 18 and 180 mg doses , respectively ) , and fasting glucose at multiple time points compared with placebo . also reduced postprandial glycemia , and inflammatory biomarkers , including hs-CRP and IL-6 . was generally well tolerated . subcutaneous LY2189102 for 12 weeks was well tolerated , modestly reduced HbA1c and fasting glucose , and demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in T2DM patients . IL-1 holds promise as a convenient adjuvant treatment for T2DM ."
3434,Abstract #3434,", effective against many malignancies , is limited by cardiotoxicity . doxorubicin , compared with bolus-infusion , reduces early cardiotoxicity in adults . effectiveness in reducing late cardiotoxicity in children remains uncertain . determined continuous-infusion doxorubicin cardioprotective efficacy in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) . Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocol 91-01 enrolled pediatric patients between 1991 and 1995 . diagnosed high-risk patients were randomly assigned to receive a total of 360 mg/m ( 2 ) of doxorubicin in 30 mg/m ( 2 ) doses every 3 weeks , by either continuous ( over 48 hours ) or bolus-infusion ( within 15 minutes ) . at baseline , during , and after doxorubicin therapy were blindly remeasured centrally . outcomes were late left ventricular ( LV ) structure and function . total of 102 children were randomized to each treatment group . analyzed 484 serial echocardiograms from 92 patients ( n = 49 continuous ; n = 43 bolus ) with 1 echocardiogram 3 years after assignment . groups had similar demographics and normal baseline LV characteristics . follow-up after randomization ( median , 8 years ) showed changes from baseline within the randomized groups ( depressed systolic function , systolic dilation , reduced wall thickness , and reduced mass ) at 3 , 6 , and 8 years ; there were no statistically significant differences between randomized groups . ALL event-free survival rates did not differ between the 2 groups ( continuous-infusion , 83 % versus bolus-infusion , 78 % ; P = .24 ) . survivors of childhood high-risk ALL , continuous-infusion doxorubicin , compared with bolus-infusion , provided no long-term cardioprotection or improvement in ALL event-free survival , hence provided no benefit over bolus-infusion ."
3435,Abstract #3435,"( MTX ) has been described to modulate the activity of fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer . European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer ( EORTC ) Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group ( GITCCG ) conducted a phase III trial to investigate the efficacy and tolarability of the addition of low-dose MTX ( 40 mg/m2 ) to high-dose infusional 5-FU ( 60 mg/kg over 48 hours ) given weekly for 4 weeks and thereafter every 2 ( for 4 weeks ) and 3 weeks . hundred ten patients were randomized between 1987 and 1992 . patients had measurable advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer and had not been pretreated with antifolates or fluorodinated pyrimidines . 297 eligible patients were evaluated for survival ; toxicity was assessed in 292 patients who received at least one course of treatment . with bidimensionally measurable disease ( n = 230 ) were also evaluated for response according to standard criteria . addition of low-dose MTX to high-dose infusional 5-FU led to a doubling of the response rate from 10 % to 21 % ( P = .025 ) . median survival time also increased from 9.3 to 12.5 months , but this difference was not statistically significant ( P = .12 ) . infusional 5-FU with or without low-dose MTX was well tolerated , with grade 3 to 4 toxicity in greater than 10 % of patients only occurring for stomatitis with the combination treatment . status was the sole prognostic factor for survival in a multivariate analysis . MTX effectively modulated high-dose infusional 5-FU in a large , randomized trial in which less than 5 % of patients received leucovorin ."
3436,Abstract #3436,"and clinical studies suggest an important role for cholinesterase inhibitors in pain therapy . aim of this study was to examine the analgesic and antihyperalgesic properties of the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine and the opioid alfentanil , alone and in combination , in an experimental pain model in humans . healthy volunteers were enrolled in this double-blind and placebo-controlled cross-over study . electrical stimulation at high current densities induced spontaneous acute pain and stable areas of hyperalgesia for painful mechanical stimuli ( pinprick-hyperalgesia ) . intensities , measured on a numeric rating scale ( NRS ) from 0 to 10 , and the extent of the hyperalgesic areas were assessed before , during , and 145 min after i.v. infusions of physostigmine ( 30 microg kg ( -1 ) in 15 min ) , alfentanil ( 20 microg kg ( -1 ) in 2 min ) , the combination of the same doses of both drugs , or saline 0.9 % . type of interaction was determined by fitting an interaction model to the data . from a baseline value of NRS = 6 , the maximum reduction of pain intensity was 50.4 ( sd 22.3 ) % after alfentanil , 35.4 ( 20.0 ) % after physostigmine , and 60.4 ( 17.1 ) % after the combination . hyperalgesic areas were reduced by 53.8 ( 33.2 ) % , 47.0 ( 26.3 ) % , and 54.8 ( 33.2 ) % , respectively . data were best described by a model assuming an infra-additive interaction for analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects . and alfentanil showed distinct effects on pain and hyperalgesia in a human pain model . interaction of both drugs was found to be infra-additive ."
3437,Abstract #3437,"Knee Replacement ( TKR ) is the standard treatment for patients with severe knee osteoarthritis ( OA ) . improvement in pain and function are seen after TKR and approximately 80 % of patients are very satisfied with the outcome . status prior to TKR is a major predictor of outcome after the intervention . , improving functional status prior to surgery through exercise may improve after surgery outcome . , results from several previous trials testing the concept have been inconclusive after surgery . a randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) we will test the effect of a pre-operative neuromuscular training program versus an attention control program on lower extremity function - before and after surgery . will enroll 80 participants , aged between 55-90 years , who are scheduled for TKR . this single-blinded RCT , the intervention group will receive a minimum of 8 and a maximum of 24 training sessions plus 3 educational sessions of the knee school . control group will receive the 3 educational sessions only . are performed immediately before and after the intervention ( before surgery ) , at 6 weeks , 3 months and 12 months ( after surgery ) . primary outcome will include the Chair Stand Test as a measure of leg strength and reaction time . outcomes are knee function and pain assessed with the self-reported Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score ( KOOS ) . measurements will be carried out by a specially trained physical therapist , blinded to group allocation . our knowledge this is the first single-blinded RCT to test the effect of pre-operative neuromuscular training plus knee school against knee school alone -- on knee function and pain , assessed immediately after the interventions prior to surgery and repeatedly after surgery . Trials NCT00913575 ."
3438,Abstract #3438,"in vitro study compared the effect of a concave with a straight-bevelled cavity margin on the microleakage of Class V composite resin restorations in primary teeth . Class V cavity preparations were made in vitro on the buccal ( all margins placed in enamel ) and on the lingual ( margins placed in enamel and cementum ) surfaces of 20 sound primary molars . teeth were randomly assigned to two groups of 10 each : in Group 1 , a concave bevel was made with a high-speed No. 04 tungsten carbide bur and in Group 2 , a straight bevel was made with a high-speed No. 556 tungsten carbide bur . teeth were restored incrementally with Adper Single Bond 2 ( 3M ) adhesive and Filtek Z 350 ( 3M ) composite resin . specimens were subsequently thermocycled and immersed in 50 % silver nitrate solution . of the restorations was then assessed by silver penetration . grading scale of 0 to 4 was used as the scoring criterion . the enamel margins no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups ( p >> 0.05 ) . walls in enamel , in both groups , exhibited less leakage than the cervical walls in cementum ( p < 0.01 ) and Group 1 showed better results than Group 2 in decreasing microleakage at the cementum margins ( p < 0.05 ) . on the results , it was concluded that concave-beveled cavity preparations may reduce but did not totally eliminate microleakage at the cementum margins of Class V composite resin restorations in primary teeth ."
3439,Abstract #3439,"traditional chlorofluorocarbon ( CFC ) propellants used in pressurized metered-dose inhalers ( pMDIs ) have unacceptable environmental effects and are being replaced by alternatives such as hydrofluoroalkanes ( HFAs ) . , there is a need to ensure that pMDIs with these novel propellants are as effective and safe as their older counterparts . pharmacokinetic and multiple high-dose Phase I studies in healthy volunteers and randomized , controlled 12-week Phase III clinical trials in children , adolescents and adults with mild-to-moderate asthma have been performed to compare the efficacy and safety of HFA-based budesonide inhaler therapy with the traditional CFC-based pMDI . pharmacokinetic study in 40 persons showed comparable characteristics of CFC and HFApMDIs , with good dose-proportionality , at doses of 400 , 800 and 1,600 microg . high-dosage ( 1,600 microg/day ) study in 48 subjects showed both inhaler types to be similar in terms of effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function over 4 weeks . pediatric clinical study involved 159 children and showed noninferiority of the HFA pMDI in terms of 12-week change in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec , other spirometric parameters and symptomatic measures . adolescent/adult study in 321 subjects also showed similarity between the two formulations , in terms of 12-week primary endpoint ( changes in morning peak expiratory flow rates ) and other lung function and symptom measures . formulations were well-tolerated , with no safety issues being identified for the novel HFA inhaler in any study . HFA pMDI is pharmacokinetically and clinically comparable to the traditional CFC-based inhaler , with similar safety profile ."
3440,Abstract #3440,"our knowledge , the present study is the first double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial in children to compare nasal preparation sprays administered before flexible nasendoscopy with placebo . compare the degree of pain experienced by children undergoing flexible nasendoscopy after 1 of 3 intranasal sprays : placebo , decongestant with topical local anesthetic ( TLA ) , or decongestant without TLA . randomized placebo-controlled trial with blinding of participants , caregivers , observers , and otolaryngologists was conducted in a tertiary pediatric otolaryngology ambulatory clinic . included a consecutive sample of children aged 3 to 12 years requiring flexible nasendoscopy . criteria included concomitant respiratory tract infection , known allergy to a trial agent , or previous flexible nasendoscopy . hundred fifty-one children were assessed for eligibility ; 24 eligible children refused participation and 69 were included and block-randomized . completed the study , and there were no adverse events . spray administration of placebo ( normal saline ) ; xylometazoline hydrochloride , 0.05 % ( decongestant ) ; or lidocaine hydrochloride , 1 % , with xylometazoline hydrochloride , 0.05 % ( TLA with decongestant ) was performed 10 minutes before flexible nasendoscopy . outcome measure was the child-reported Wong-Baker Faces Pain ( WBFP ) scale . outcomes included the caregiver-proxy WBFP scale ; the Face , Legs , Activity , Cry , and Consolability ( FLACC ) scale ; and the physician-reported Difficulty of Procedure Visual Analog Scale ( DPVAS ) . children were recruited in each of the intervention arms . characteristics were comparable between groups . mean child-rated WBFP scale scores were 2.4 , 1.8 , and 2.2 for the placebo , decongestant , and TLA with decongestant groups , respectively ( P = .45 ) . the finding was statistically nonsignificant , decongestant had the lowest mean caregiver-proxy WBFP scale score , lowest observer-rated FLACC scale score , and highest physician-rated DPVAS score . analysis did not demonstrate any correlation between the outcomes and age or sex . study revealed no statistically significant difference in the discomfort experienced by children undergoing flexible nasendoscopy after placebo , decongestant , or TLA with decongestant . was associated with the least discomfort ( on child , caregiver , and observer-rated pain scale scores ) and the lowest rating for difficulty of procedure . these findings , the study suggests that there is no significant benefit of topical decongestant with or without TLA compared with placebo in reducing pain associated with pediatric flexible nasendoscopy . REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT01351298 ."
3441,Abstract #3441,"evaluate an incentive-based physical activity intervention to increase physical activity and fitness among children in a 9-month cluster randomized controlled trial . aged 6-12 years were randomized to control ( n = 138 from 106 families ) or intervention arm ( n = 147 from 106 families ) . intervention included incentives for meeting step targets as measured by pedometers and structured weekend outdoor activities . included trends in activity for the intervention group and between-group differences in pedometer steps , 6-minute walk test , body mass index , and parent-reported Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory . follow-up , children in the intervention group recorded significantly more pedometer steps than controls over the entire week ( 8660 vs 7767 ; P = .010 ) , on weekdays ( 8646 vs 7826 ; P = .041 ) , and on weekends ( 8779 vs 7684 ; P = .018 ) . different trajectory classes were identified . first group increased activity but was not sustained , the second group met the target step levels , and the third group significantly surpassed the step goals . intervention group showed trends toward longer 6-minute walk test times and higher Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores , but the differences were not statistically significant . for increased step activity were effective in producing greater steps and showed a ( nonsignificant ) trend toward improvements in other health outcomes . , future incentive trials should be incorporate greater step targets and longer follow-up periods to provide evidence of the long-term effect of these incentives on children 's health ."
3442,Abstract #3442,"goal of this study was to compare 3 different techniques used to place nasojejunal ( NJ ) feeding tubes in the critically ill or injured pediatric patients . was a randomized , prospective trial in a university-affiliated 12-bed pediatric intensive care unit . were critically ill children requiring placement of an NJ feeding tube . age , weight , medications , use of mechanical ventilation , and patient tolerance were recorded . abdominal radiograph obtained immediately after the placement determined correct placement . final placement was recorded , as was the number of placement attempts . were randomized to 1 of 3 groups : standard technique , standard technique facilitated with gastric insufflation , and standard technique facilitated with the use of preinsertion erythromycin . ensure equal distribution , all patients were stratified by weight ( < 10 kg vs > or = 10 kg ) before randomization . NJ tubes were placed by one of the investigators . unsuccessful , a second attempt by the same investigator was allowed . placement of the NJ tube was defined by confirmation of the tip of the tube in the first part of the duodenum or beyond by a pediatric radiologist blinded to the treatment groups . pediatric patients were enrolled in the study ; 94.6 % ( 71/75 ) of tubes were passed successfully into the small bowel on the first or second attempt . of the data revealed no significant association with a specific technique and successful placement ( p = .1999 ) . placed by a core group of experienced operators , the majority of NJ feeding tubes can be placed in critically ill or injured children on the first or second attempt , regardless of the technique used ."
3443,Abstract #3443,"vaccine ( MV ) has a greater effect on child survival when administered in early infancy , when maternal antibody may still be present . test whether MV has a greater effect on overall survival if given in the presence of maternal measles antibody , we reanalyzed data from 2 previously published randomized trials of a 2-dose schedule with MV given at 4-6 months and at 9 months of age . both trials antibody levels had been measured before early measles vaccination . trial I ( 1993-1995 ) , the mortality rate was 0.0 per 1000 person-years among children vaccinated with MV in the presence of maternal antibody and 32.3 per 1000 person-years without maternal antibody ( mortality rate ratio [ MRR ] , 0.0 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0 -.52 ) . trial II ( 2003-2007 ) , the mortality rate was 4.2 per 1000 person-years among children vaccinated in presence of maternal measles antibody and 14.5 per 1000 person-years without measles antibody ( MRR , 0.29 ; 95 % CI , .09 -.91 ) . confounding factors did not explain the difference . a combined analysis , children who had measles antibody detected when they received their first dose of MV at 4-6 months of age had lower mortality than children with no maternal antibody , the MRR being 0.22 ( 95 % CI , .07 -.64 ) between 4-6 months and 5 years . mortality in low-income countries may be reduced by vaccinating against measles in the presence of maternal antibody , using a 2-dose schedule with the first dose at 4-6 months ( earlier than currently recommended ) and a booster dose at 9-12 months of age . ."
3444,Abstract #3444,"( QS ) lasers are effective in the treatment of freckles and lentigines in Type I and II skin , with minimal adverse effects . pulsed ( LP ) lasers have been proposed to be more suitable for treatment of darker skin types . investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of using QS or LP Alexandrite laser for the treatment of freckles and lentigines in Oriental patients . prospective split-face study of 20 Chinese patients who were randomly assigned to undergo a single QS ( 50 nanosecond ) or LP ( 100microseconds ) laser treatment to either side of their face was carried out . blinded physicians assessed clinical efficacy using visual analogue scales of pre - and post-treatment photographs . assessment was evaluated using questionnaires which detailed the degree of pain , erythema and edema sustained during treatment , and improvement and satisfaction levels at 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks . was statistically significant improvement in pigmentation ( P < 0.05 ) in both groups throughout the study , with no statistical difference found between the groups . hyperpigmentation was more frequently found after QS treatment ( 22 % ) , compared to LP treatment ( 6 % ) . of patients reported moderate to marked improvement in pigmentation throughout the study with both pulse widths , and correspondingly high levels of satisfaction rates . severe pain , erythema and edema were experienced during QS Alexandrite treatment . Alexandrite is quick and effective , and carries a lower risk of adverse effects than QS Alexandrite , for the removal of freckles and lentigines in darker skin types ."
3445,Abstract #3445,"bleeding is the main side effect of continuous oral contraceptive pills ( OCPs ) and has been correlated with the up-regulation of matrix metalloprotineases ( MMPs ) . study objective was to determine if prophylactic administration of doxycycline ( an MMP inhibitor at low subantimicrobial doses ) would prevent unscheduled bleeding during the initiation of a continuous OCP . using cyclic hormonal contraceptives ( combined OCPs , patch or ring ) without unscheduled bleeding were switched to continuous OCPs ( 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol/100 mcg levonorgestrel ) . were randomized to receive daily doxycycline [ sustained-release subantimicrobial dose ( 40 mg daily ) ] or placebo for the first 84 days and then observed for an additional 28 days on the continuous OCP alone . number of bleeding/spotting days and the time in days it took to achieve amenorrhea were compared using a t test . subjects were randomized . the use of doxycycline did not significantly decrease the number of mean bleeding/spotting days in the first 84 days of the study [ doxycycline 14.75 ( SE 2.30 ) , placebo 17.78 ( 2.31 ) , p = .36 ] , women who received doxycycline had a significantly earlier onset of amenorrhea [ mean last day of bleeding/spotting doxycycline 61.7 ( 7.7 ) , placebo 85.2 ( 6.7 ) , p = .03 ] . coadministration of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline during initiation of continuous OCPs results in a significant reduction in the length of time needed to achieve amenorrhea ."
3446,Abstract #3446,"who are less fit reportedly have lower performance on tests of cognitive control and differences in brain function . study examined the effect of an exercise intervention on brain function during two cognitive control tasks in overweight children . included 43 unfit , overweight ( BMI 85th percentile ) children 8 - to 11-years old ( 91 % Black ) , who were randomly divided into either an aerobic exercise ( n = 24 ) or attention control group ( n = 19 ) . group was offered a separate instructor-led after-school program every school day for 8 months . and after the program , all children performed two cognitive control tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) : antisaccade and flanker . to the control group , the exercise group decreased activation in several regions supporting antisaccade performance , including precentral gyrus and posterior parietal cortex , and increased activation in several regions supporting flanker performance , including anterior cingulate and superior frontal gyrus . may differentially impact these two task conditions , or the paradigms in which cognitive control tasks were presented may be sensitive to distinct types of brain activation that show different effects of exercise . sum , exercise appears to alter efficiency or flexible modulation of neural circuitry supporting cognitive control in overweight children ."
3447,Abstract #3447,"determine the efficacy and safety of supplemental therapeutic oxygen for infants with prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ) to reduce the probability of progression to threshold ROP and the need for peripheral retinal ablation . infants with confirmed prethreshold ROP in at least 1 eye and median pulse oximetry < 94 % saturation were randomized to a conventional oxygen arm with pulse oximetry targeted at 89 % to 94 % saturation or a supplemental arm with pulse oximetry targeted at 96 % to 99 % saturation , for at least 2 weeks , and until both eyes were at study endpoints . examiners masked to treatment assignment conducted weekly eye examinations until each study eye reached ophthalmic endpoint . adverse ophthalmic endpoint for an infant was defined as reaching threshold criteria for laser or cryotherapy in at least 1 study eye . favorable ophthalmic endpoint was regression of the ROP into zone III for at least 2 consecutive weekly examinations or full retinal vascularization . 3 months after the due date of the infant , ophthalmic findings , pulmonary status , growth , and interim illnesses were again recorded . hundred forty-nine infants ( 325 conventional and 324 supplemental ) were enrolled from 30 centers over 5 years . hundred ninety-seven ( 92.0 % ) infants attained known ophthalmic endpoints , and 600 ( 92 % ) completed the ophthalmic 3-month assessment . rate of progression to threshold in at least 1 eye was 48 % in the conventional arm and 41 % in the supplemental arm . adjustment for baseline ROP severity stratum , plus disease , race , and gestational age , the odds ratio ( supplemental vs conventional ) for progression was .72 ( 95 % confidence interval : .52 , 1.01 ) . structural status of all study eyes at 3 months of corrected age showed similar rates of severe sequelae in both treatment arms : retinal detachments or folds ( 4.4 % conventional vs 4.1 % supplemental ) , and macular ectopia ( 3.9 % conventional vs 3.9 % supplemental ) . the prespecified ROP severity strata , ROP progression rates were lower with supplemental oxygen than with conventional oxygen , but the differences were not statistically significant . post hoc subgroup analysis of plus disease ( dilated and tortuous vessels in at least 2 quadrants of the posterior pole ) suggested that infants without plus disease may be more responsive to supplemental therapy ( 46 % progression in the conventional arm vs 32 % in the supplemental arm ) than infants with plus disease ( 52 % progression in conventional vs 57 % in supplemental ) . and/or exacerbations of chronic lung disease occurred in more infants in the supplemental arm ( 8.5 % conventional vs 13.2 % supplemental ) . , at 50 weeks of postmenstrual age , fewer conventional than supplemental infants remained hospitalized ( 6.8 % vs 12.7 % ) , on oxygen ( 37.0 % vs 46.8 % ) , and on diuretics ( 24.4 % vs 35.8 % ) . and developmental milestones did not differ between the 2 arms . of supplemental oxygen at pulse oximetry saturations of 96 % to 99 % did not cause additional progression of prethreshold ROP but also did not significantly reduce the number of infants requiring peripheral ablative surgery . subgroup analysis suggested a benefit of supplemental oxygen among infants who have prethreshold ROP without plus disease , but this finding requires additional study . oxygen increased the risk of adverse pulmonary events including pneumonia and/or exacerbations of chronic lung disease and the need for oxygen , diuretics , and hospitalization at 3 months of corrected age . the relative risk/benefit of supplemental oxygen for each infant must be individually considered , clinicians need no longer be concerned that supplemental oxygen , as used in this study , will exacerbate active prethreshold ROP ."
3448,Abstract #3448,"assess whether very low doses of testosterone can accelerate growth without an undue advance in bone age in prepubertal boys with constitutional delay of growth . prepubertal boys aged 11-14 years with height at or below the third centile for chronological age . , double blind trial comparing oral testosterone undecanoate 20 mg once daily versus placebo for six months . 18 months ' observation period of each subject comprised a six month pretreatment period , followed by a six month treatment ( testosterone undecanoate or placebo ) period , and a six month period after termination of treatment . intervals of six months standing and sitting height were measured . age , pubertal stage , weight , and lean body mass were also determined . hormone , luteinising hormone , and follicle stimulating hormone secretion and testosterone concentration were measured before , after , and six months after treatment . taking testosterone undecanoate ( n = 11 ) showed a significantly greater height velocity ( mean ( SEM ) 5.84 ( 0.53 ) cm/year ) and sitting height velocity ( 3.54 ( 0.57 ) cm/year ) during treatment than the placebo treated boys ( n = 12 , height velocity = 3.38 ( 0.22 ) cm/year , sitting height velocity = 1.58 ( 0.19 ) cm/year . were no significant differences between the groups regarding changes in growth hormone , gonadotrophins , testosterone , or dihydrotestosterone concentrations . age was not advanced significantly more rapidly in either group . is accelerated gain in height during six months of treatment with low dose testosterone undecanoate , without a significantly greater rise in bone age compared with controls . undecanoate is a safe , well tolerated , and effective treatment in the management of constitutional delay of growth ."
3449,Abstract #3449,"levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 ( FGF23 ) are associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with CKD . dietary phosphate intake or absorption may decrease FGF23 levels , but data on the combined effects of dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders in CKD are limited . this 22 factorial , single-blinded , placebo-controlled , 3-month study , conducted between July 2009 and March 2012 , 39 patients with CKD stages 3 or 4 and normal serum phosphate levels were randomly assigned to one of four groups : ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate ( LC ) placebo ( n = 10 ) , 900-mg phosphate diet plus LC placebo ( n = 10 ) , ad libitum diet plus LC ( n = 11 ) , or 900-mg phosphate diet plus LC ( n = 8 ) . dose of LC was 1000 mg three times daily with meals . restriction was accomplished with outpatient counseling . primary end point was change in FGF23 levels from baseline . with ad libitum diet , the 900-mg phosphate diet did not significantly reduce FGF23 levels ( diet time interaction , P = 0.05 ) . with placebo , LC alone also did not significantly reduce FGF23 levels ( LC time interaction , P = 0.21 ) . , the dual intervention significantly decreased FGF23 levels throughout the study period ( diet LC time interaction , P = 0.02 ) , resulting in a 35 % ( 95 % confidence interval , 8 % -62 % ) reduction by study end . combination of LC plus counseling for a phosphate-restricted diet decreased FGF23 levels in patients with CKD stages 3-4 and normal serum phosphate levels ."
3450,Abstract #3450,"evaluate the clinical efficiency , tolerance , and pharmacoeconomic parameters of treatment for mild community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP ) in patients with risk factors for ineffective treatment with levofloxacin ( Glevo ) versus original levofloxacin and standard pharmacotherapy regimens for mild pneumonia ( real practice ) . open-label comparative randomized trial was conducted in parallel groups of 147 patients aged > or = 18 years with mild CAP and risk factors for ineffective treatment . 1 included 61 patients ( 59 men and 2 women ; mean age 23.3 + / - 11.2 years ) receiving levofloxacin ( Glevo ) 500 mg/day ; Group 2 comprised 41 patients ( 39 men and 1 woman ; mean age 26.4 + / - 13.4 years ) treated with original levofloxacin 500 mg/day ; Group 3 consisted of 45 patients ( all men ; mean age 23.7 + / - 9.9 years ) on standard therapy . trial was performed in 3 pulmonology centers . use of the respiratory fluoroquinolone levofloxacinto treat mild CAP in the patients with risk factors for failure for its therapy demonstrated a higher efficiency than the antibiotic regimens used in real clinical practice . suggests that physicians underestimate risk factors and do not always make a rational choice of an antimicrobial agent in the given clinical situation . generic form of levofloxacin ( Glevo ) is as clinically effective as its original drug in the treatment of CAP and characterized by its optimal pharmacoeconomic parameters ."
3451,Abstract #3451,"investigate whether the electroencephalogram ( EEG ) directly reflects the CNS effects of benzodiazepines by evaluating the relation of the EEG to plasma drug concentrations and to Digit-Symbol Substitution Test ( DSST ) scores after a single dose of triazolam , a representative benzodiazepine agonist . healthy male subjects were given 0.375 mg triazolam or placebo in a double-blind crossover study . samples were collected during 8 h after dosage . effects were measured by DSST and EEG at corresponding times . parameters for triazolam were consistent with established values . with placebo , triazolam significantly impaired psychomotor performance on the DSST ( P < 0.001 ) and increased beta amplitude on the EEG ( P < 0.002 ) . and EEG changes both closely tracked changes in plasma concentrations over time . changes for the two measures were highly correlated with each other ( r = -0.94 , P < 0.001 ) based on aggregate values at individual time points . , the variations in area under the curve of pharmacodynamic effect vs. time ( AUCeffect ) measured by either method did not reflect the variations in plasma AUC across individuals . individual variability in AUCeffect from the EEG was similar to that measured by the DSST . the EEG and the DSST reflect the central benzodiazepine agonist effects of triazolam . variability in both measures is similar ."
3452,Abstract #3452,"is a potential risk factor for cervical cancer and its immediate precursor , cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 ( CIN3 ) , but few studies have adequately taken into account the possible confounding effect of oncogenic human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection . ( n = 5,060 ) with minimally abnormal Papanicolaou smears were enrolled in the ASCUS and LSIL Triage Study , a clinical trial to evaluate management strategies , and were seen every 6 months for the 2-year duration of the study . specimens were tested for HPV DNA using both Hybrid Capture 2 and PGMY09/11 L1 consensus primer PCR with reverse line blot hybridization for genotyping . logistics regression models were used to assess associations [ odds ratio ( OR ) with 95 % confidence intervals ( 95 % CI ) ] between smoking behaviors and rigorously reviewed cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer ( > or = CIN3 ) identified throughout the study ( n = 506 ) in women with oncogenic HPV ( n = 3,133 ) . smoking was only weakly associated with increased HPV infection . infected women , current smokers ( OR , 1.7 ; 95 % CI , 1.4-2 .1 ) and past smokers ( OR , 1.7 ; 95 % CI , 1.2-2 .4 ) were more likely to be diagnosed with > or = CIN3 than nonsmokers . smoking intensity ( P ( Trend ) < 0.0005 ) and duration ( P ( Trend ) < 0.0005 ) increased the strength of the association , with smoking > or = 2 packs/d ( OR , 3.3 ; 95 % CI , 1.5-7 .5 ) and smoking for > or = 11 years ( OR , 2.1 ; 95 % CI , 1.5-2 .9 ) most strongly associated with > or = CIN3 as compared to non-smokers . effects of intensity and duration seemed additive . with oncogenic HPV and minimally abnormal Papanicolaou smears who smoke were up to three times more likely to be diagnosed with > or = CIN3 than nonsmokers . cessation trials targeting this population might be warranted ."
3453,Abstract #3453,"compare the incidence and intensity of posterior capsular opacification ( PCO ) and neodymium : yttrium-aluminium-garnet ( Nd : YAG ) capsulotomy rates between two microincision intra-ocular lenses ( IOLs ) 3 years after surgery . patients randomly received a Y-60H IOL ( HOYA Surgical Optics , Singapore ) in one eye and a Micro AY IOL ( PhysIOL , Lige , Belgium ) in the contralateral eye during same-day bilateral cataract surgery . were examined 1 week , 20 months and 3 years after surgery . amount of PCO ( score : 0-10 ) was assessed subjectively at the slit lamp and objectively using automated image analysis software ( aqua ) . , the Nd : YAG capsulotomy rate was noted . years postoperatively , the objective PCO score of Y-60H IOLs was 1.9 1.7 compared to PCO score of 1.7 2.2 for the Micro AY IOLs ( p = 0.66 ) . percentage of the Y-60H eyes had undergone Nd : YAG capsulotomy , compared to 49 % of the Micro AY eyes ( p = 0.04 ) . , more capsular folds were observed in the Y-60H IOL group ( p = 0.001 ) . was no significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity , rhexis/IOL overlap and anterior capsule opacification 3 years after surgery . microincision IOLs showed high YAG rates and comparable PCO scores 3 years after surgery . the light of this unsatisfying PCO performance , the advantage of the present microincision IOLs over conventional IOLs must be questioned ."
3454,Abstract #3454,"observe the safety and feasibility of tracheal intubation by target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil without muscle relaxant in children . 100 4-10-year-old pediatric patients ( ASA1 ) who had been scheduled for plastic surgery were equally divided into remifentanil group and control group through computer-generated randomized grouping . all patients , five minutes after intravenous administration of atropine 0.01 mg/kg and midazolam 0.1 mg/kg , propofol was infused at the targeted effect-site concentration ( Ce of 6 g/ml . the intended target Ce of propofol was reached , the remifentanil group began to be infused with remifentanil at a Ce of 5 ng/ml , and normal saline ( 0.1 ml/kg ) was injected simultaneously . the control group remifentanil was replaced by normal saline and rocuronium ( 0.8 mg/kg ) was injected together with the normal saline . the equilibration of plasma and the Ce of remifentanil were reached , tracheal intubation was attempted . complications during the induction and tracheal intubation were recorded . intubating conditions were assessed using a five-point scoring system based on ease of laryngoscopy , vocal cords position , coughing , jaw relaxation and limb movement . success rate of tracheal intubation was in 90 % in remifentanil group and 98 % in the control group ( P = 0.122 ) . Target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil at Ce of 6 g/ml and 5 ng/ml is feasible for the induction and tracheal intubation without muscle relaxant in children ."
3455,Abstract #3455,"assess growth , tolerance , and biochemical measures of protein status in term infants fed an experimental formula with reduced total protein concentration and enriched in bovine alpha-lactalbumin prepared from an alpha-lactalbumin dominant bovine whey . , term , exclusively formula-fed infants < or = 14 days postnatal age , between 10th and 90th percentiles in weight and length for age were studied in this randomized , masked , multicenter study . received ad libitum feedings of either experimental or control formula for 12 weeks . events and acceptability of formulas were assessed every 2 weeks . , length , and head circumference were measured at baseline and every 4 weeks . creatinine , albumin , and blood urea nitrogen were assessed at baseline and study completion . measures were compared to Centers for Disease Control reference ranges using Z scores . hundred ninety-three infants were enrolled . hundred thirty-four completed the protocol . received experimental formula , and 62 received control formula . mean baseline body weight was higher in infants fed experimental formula ( P = 0.042 ) , so baseline weight was used as a covariate in statistical analyses . were no differences between groups in gains in weight , length , or head circumference during the study . serum albumin and blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) levels were similar at study initiation . study completion , serum albumin levels were the same in both groups , whereas BUN was significantly higher in infants fed control formula ( P = 0.0016 ) . infants fed control ( n = 20 ) than experimental ( n = 15 ) formula discontinued the study because of adverse events . were no differences in the adverse event profiles of the groups completing the study . of the adverse events were mild and resolved without treatment or sequelae . and tolerance of the experimental formula was greater than the control formula , except at 2 weeks . ratings ranged from 0 % to 10 % ( mean , 4.1 % ) in the experimental formula group and from 1.6 % to 14.1 % ( mean , 7.0 % ) in the control formula group . and serum albumin were comparable in infants fed experimental and control formulas for the first 12 weeks of life , suggesting adequate protein nutrition from the alpha-lactalbumin-rich formula , despite its lower total protein content . and adverse events data support the safety of the experimental formula . discontinuations and unsatisfactory ratings among infants fed the experimental formula suggest that it is better tolerated than control formula ."
3456,Abstract #3456,"North America , although it varies according to the specific type of acute respiratory infections ( ARI ) , use of antibiotics is estimated to be well above the expected prevalence of bacterial infections . objective of this pilot clustered randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) is to assess the feasibility of a larger clustered RCT aiming at evaluating the impact of DECISION + , a continuing professional development ( CPD ) program in shared decision making , on the optimal use of antibiotics in the context of ARI . pilot study is a cluster RCT conducted with family physicians from Family Medicine Groups ( FMG ) in the Quebec City area , Canada . FMG are randomised to an immediate DECISION + group , a CPD program in shared decision making , ( experimental group ) , or a delayed DECISION + group ( control group ) . collection involves recruiting five patients consulting for ARI per physician from both study groups before ( Phase 1 ) and after ( Phase 2 ) exposure of the experimental group to the DECISION + program , and after exposure of the control group to the DECISION + program ( Phase 3 ) . primary outcome measures to assess the feasibility of a larger RCT include : 1 ) proportion of contacted FMG that agree to participate ; 2 ) proportion of recruited physicians who participate in the DECISION + program ; 3 ) level of satisfaction of physicians regarding DECISION + ; and 4 ) proportion of missing data in each data collection phase . of agreement of the patient-physician dyad on the Decisional Conflict Scale and physicians ' prescription profile for ARI are performed as secondary outcome measures . study protocol is informative for researchers and clinicians interested in designing and/or conducting clustered RCT with FMG regarding training of physicians in shared decision making . Identifier : NCT00354315 ."
3457,Abstract #3457,"investigate the effects of a switch from oral methotrexate ( MTX ) to subcutaneous MTX ( scMTX ) or adding ciclosporin to oral MTX with a simultaneous reduction of the MTX dose , in case of adverse events ( AE ) or insufficient effect ( IE ) in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . tight control treatment arm of the Computer Assisted Management in Early RA ( CAMERA ) trial was evaluated . change in 28-joint Disease Activity Score ( DAS28 ) after taking scMTX ( over 1 month ) or adding ciclosporin ( over 3 months ) was compared to the average monthly change in the preceding 3 months . were performed separately for strategy steps because of AE or IE . 151 patients , 57 needed the scMTX strategy step ( 21 because of AE , 36 because of IE ) and 40 the following ciclosporin strategy step ( 20 and 20 , respectively ) . decrease in DAS28 after taking the scMTX strategy step was 0.30 points ( p < 0.05 ) ; no significant change in DAS28 was seen after the ciclosporin strategy step . both strategy steps for AE or IE , quite similar observations were made . the patients who took the scMTX strategy step , 63 % showed improvement . seems a useful treatment step after oral MTX in a tight control strategy , whereas the ciclosporin step seems ineffective ."
3458,Abstract #3458,"of breast cancer with aromatase inhibitors is associated with damage to bones . CTG MA .27 was an open-label , phase 3 , randomised controlled trial in which women with breast cancer were assigned to one of two adjuvant oral aromatase inhibitors-exemestane or anastrozole . postulated that exemestane-a mildly androgenic steroid-might have a less detrimental effect on bone than non-steroidal anastrozole . this companion study to MA .27 , we compared changes in bone mineral density ( BMD ) in the lumbar spine and total hip between patients treated with exemestane and patients treated with anastrozole . MA .27 , postmenopausal women with early stage hormone ( oestrogen ) receptor-positive invasive breast cancer were randomly assigned to exemestane 25 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg , daily . .27 B recruited two groups of women from MA .27 : those with BMD T-scores of -20 or more ( up to 2 SDs below sex-matched , young adult mean ) and those with at least one T-score ( hip or spine ) less than -20 . groups received vitamin D and calcium ; those with baseline T-scores of less than -20 also received bisphosphonates . primary endpoints were percent change of BMD at 2 years in lumbar spine and total hip for both groups . analysed patients according to which aromatase inhibitor and T-score groups they were allocated to but BMD assessments ceased if patients deviated from protocol . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT00354302 . April 24 , 2006 , and May 30 , 2008 , 300 patients with baseline T-scores of -20 or more were accrued ( 147 allocated exemestane , 153 anastrozole ) ; and 197 patients with baseline T-scores of less than -20 ( 101 exemestane , 96 anastrozole ) . patients with T-scores greater than -20 at baseline , mean change of bone mineral density in the spine at 2 years did not differ significantly between patients taking exemestane and patients taking anastrozole ( -092 % , 95 % CI -235 to 050 vs -239 % , 95 % CI -377 to -101 ; p = 008 ) . mean loss in the hip was -193 % ( 95 % CI -293 to -093 ) versus -271 % ( 95 % CI -432 to -111 ; p = 010 ) . for those who started with T-scores of less than -20 , mean change of spine bone mineral density at 2 years did not differ significantly between the exemestane and anastrozole treatment groups ( 211 % , 95 % CI -084 to 506 vs 372 % , 95 % CI 154 to 589 ; p = 026 ) , nor did hip bone mineral density ( 209 % , 95 % CI -145 to 563 vs 00 % , 95 % CI -367 to 366 ; p = 028 ) . with baseline T-score of -20 or more taking exemestane had two fragility fractures and two other fractures , those taking anastrozole had three fragility fractures and five other fractures . patients who had baseline T-scores of less than -20 taking exemestane , one had a fragility fracture and four had other fractures , whereas those taking anastrozole had five fragility fractures and one other fracture . results demonstrate that adjuvant treatment with aromatase inhibitors can be considered for breast cancer patients who have T-scores less than -20 . Cancer Society Research Institute , Pfizer , Canadian Institutes of Health Research ."
3459,Abstract #3459,"study explored the relationship between URP and established measures of incontinence severity . also report on change in URP after insertion of midurethral tape ( MUT ) . participants had incontinence secondary to urodynamic stress incontinence only . was measured using the Monitorr ( Gynecare ) device prior to and 3 months after MUT insertion . following measures of incontinence severity were completed before and 3 months after insertion of MUT : 24-hour pad test ; International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for evaluating symptoms and impact of urinary incontinence ; King 's Health Questionnaire for evaluating disease-specific quality of life and a 3-day urinary dairy with episodes of incontinence recorded . URP and measures of incontinence severity were available for 100 women . URP bore no relationship to the severity of urine loss assessed by 24-hour pad loss . was no correlation between URP and other measures of incontinence severity . and postoperative URP was available in 73 women . 84.9 % were objectively cure ( 24-hour pad test of < 5 g ) after surgery , pre and postoperative URP was not significantly different [ 62.7 ( + / -19.4 ) cmH ( 2 ) O vs. 61.2 ( + / -204 ) cmH ( 2 ) O ; p = 0.57 ] . retro-resistance pressure is not a useful measure of urethral function ."
3460,Abstract #3460,"examine the effect of donor age and other perioperative factors on long-term endothelial cell loss after penetrating keratoplasty ( PKP ) . , prospective , double-masked clinical trial . included 176 participants from the Cornea Donor Study cohort who had not experienced graft failure 10 years after PKP for a moderate risk condition ( principally Fuchs ' dystrophy or pseudophakic/aphakic corneal edema ) . from donors 12 to 75 years old were assigned to participants using a randomized approach , without respect to recipient factors . and postoperative care were performed according to the surgeons ' usual routines . of the central endothelium were obtained preoperatively and at intervals for 10 years postoperatively . were analyzed by a central image analysis reading center to determine endothelial cell density ( ECD ) . cell density at 10 years . study participants with a clear graft at 10 years , the 125 who received a cornea from a donor 12 to 65 years old experienced a median cell loss of 76 % , resulting in a 10-year median ECD of 628 cells/mm ( 2 ) ( interquartile range [ IQR ] , 522-850 cells/mm ( 2 ) ) , whereas the 51 who received a cornea from a donor 66 to 75 years old experienced a cell loss of 79 % , resulting in a median 10-year ECD of 550 cells/mm ( 2 ) ( IQR , 483-694 cells/mm ( 2 ) ; P adjusted for baseline ECD = 0.03 ) . addition to younger donor age , higher ECD values were significantly associated with higher baseline ECD ( P < 0.001 ) and larger donor tissue size ( P < 0.001 ) . of the 176 participants ( 24 % ) had an ECD of < 500 cells/mm ( 2 ) at 10 years and only 24 ( 14 % ) had an ECD of > 1000 cells/mm ( 2 ) . cell loss occurs in eyes with a clear graft 10 years after PKP , with the rate of cell loss being slightly greater with older donor age . preoperative ECD and larger donor tissue size are associated with higher ECD at 10 years ."
3461,Abstract #3461,"purpose of this study was to determine whether esophageal dysmotility affects symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease or clinical outcome after laparoscopic fundoplication and whether esophagus motor function changes postoperatively . hundred patients with a history of long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease were investigated by clinical assessment , upper gastrointestinal endoscopy , esophageal manometry , and 24-hour pH monitoring between May 1999 and May 2000 . were stratified according to presence or absence of esophageal dysmotility ( each n = 100 ) and randomized to either 360 degrees ( Nissen ) or 270 degrees ( Toupet ) fundoplication . a 4-month postoperative follow-up , preoperative tests were repeated . esophageal dysmotility was associated with more severe reflux symptoms , more frequent resistance to medical treatment ( 64 % vs. 49 % ; P < 0.05 ) , and greater decrease in lower esophageal sphincter pressure ( 9.5 + / - 5.3 vs. 12.4 + / - 6.7 mm Hg ; P < 0.0005 ) compared with normal motility . , clinical outcome and reflux recurrence ( 21 % vs. 14 % ) were similar . motility remained unchanged in 85 % of patients and changed from pathologic to normal in 20 ( 10 Nissen/10 Toupet ) and vice versa in 9 ( 8 Nissen/1 Toupet ) patients . dysmotility ( 1 ) reflects more severe disease ; ( 2 ) does not affect postoperative clinical outcome ; ( 3 ) is not corrected by fundoplication , independent of the surgical procedure performed ; ( 4 ) may occur as a result of fundoplication ; and ( 5 ) requires no tailoring of surgical management ."
3462,Abstract #3462,"investigate whether an exercise intervention programme , with or without pedometer use , is effective at reducing chronic low-grade inflammation in those with impaired glucose tolerance . baseline and 12-month data from the Pre-diabetes Risk Education and Physical Activity Recommendation and Encouragement ( PREPARE ) programme randomized controlled trial , we investigated whether the pedometer or the standard version of the PREPARE programme is associated with reduced chronic low-grade inflammation . included interleukin-6 , C-reactive protein , fasting and 2 h post-challenge glucose values and objectively measured ambulatory activity . participants ( 31 % female ; mean age , 65 years ; body mass index , 29.3 4.8 kg/m ( 2 ) ) were included , of which 26 were in the control group and 24 were in each intervention group . 12 months there was an increase in ambulatory activity of 1351 and 1849 steps/day in the standard and pedometer group , respectively , compared with control conditions ; however , there was no significant change in markers of chronic low-grade inflammation . the pooled study sample , change in ambulatory activity was significantly correlated with change in interleukin-6 ( r = -0.32 , P = 0.01 ) after adjustment for group , age , sex , ethnicity , aspirin and statin medication , baseline body mass index and change in body mass index . in interleukin-6 was also significantly correlated with change in 2 h glucose after adjustment for the same variables ( r = 0.26 , P = 0.03 ) . study failed to show reductions in markers of chronic low-grade inflammation following an intervention that promoted modest increases in ambulatory activity ; however , across the study sample , increased ambulatory activity was associated with reduced interleukin-6 , independent of obesity ."
3463,Abstract #3463,"CAFE ( Conduit Artery Function Evaluation ) study showed less effective central aortic pressure lowering with atenolol-based therapy versus amlodipine-based therapy in people with hypertension . present study examined the importance of heart rate ( HR ) as a determinant of this effect . analyses have suggested that beta-blockers are less effective at reducing cardiovascular events than alternative blood pressure ( BP ) - lowering therapies . has been much debate about the mechanism for this shortfall in benefit and specifically the role of HR lowering by beta-blockers . pressures were derived from brachial pressure and radial pulse wave analysis in 2,073 patients , and 7,146 measurements were recorded and analyzed over follow-up for up to 4 years . was no impact of HR on brachial systolic or pulse pressures ; however , there was a highly significant inverse relationship between HR and central aortic systolic and pulse pressures ( p < 0.001 ) . was dependent on a strong inverse relationship between HR and augmentation index , indicative of increased wave reflection at lower HRs . regression , adjusted for brachial BP , showed HR to be the major determinant of central pressures . , HR and brachial BP accounted for 92 % of the variability in central systolic and pulse pressures . , drug-related differences in central aortic pressures were markedly attenuated after adjustment for HR . comparing beta-blocker-based treatments with other BP-lowering strategies , HR reduction with beta-blockers is a major mechanism accounting for less effective central aortic pressure reduction per unit change in brachial pressure ."
3464,Abstract #3464,"beneficial effects of phosphodiesterase 4 ( PDE4 ) inhibitors in allergic asthma have been shown in previous preclinical and clinical studies . allergic rhinitis and asthma share several epidemiologic and pathophysiologic factors , PDE4 inhibitors might also be effective in allergic rhinitis . main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of oral roflumilast ( 500 microg/day ) in allergic rhinitis . a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blinded , crossover study , 25 subjects ( 16 male , 9 female ; median age , 28 years ) with histories of allergic rhinitis but asymptomatic at screening received roflumilast ( 500 microg once daily ) and placebo for 9 days each with a washout period of at least 14 days in between treatment periods . each of the treatment periods , controlled intranasal allergen provocation with pollen extracts was performed daily beginning the third day of treatment , each time approximately 2 hours after study drug administration . and 30 minutes after each allergen provocation , rhinal airflow was measured by means of anterior rhinomanometry and the subjective symptoms obstruction , itching , and rhinorrhea were assessed by means of a standardized visual analog scale . airflow improved almost consistently during the 9 days of roflumilast treatment , and it was significantly higher at study day 9 on roflumilast in comparison with placebo , a result also found for itching and rhinorrhea . respect to the subjective obstruction score , a significant difference in comparison with placebo could be demonstrated within 4 days . study shows that a PDE4 inhibitor , roflumilast , effectively controls symptoms of allergic rhinitis . PDE4 inhibitors might be a future treatment option not only in allergic asthma but also in allergic rhinitis or the combination of the 2 diseases ."
3465,Abstract #3465,"research has suggested that organisational change can contribute to stress-related outcomes for workers . , one such stress-related outcome , has been conceptualised as a multidimensional construct consisting of emotional exhaustion , depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment . health care organisations have undergone substantial organisational change over the last decade . purpose of this study was to assess levels of burnout in nurses and to ascertain if there were individual or work characteristics that were associated with this syndrome . survey methodology . nurses ( Division 1 ) in Victoria who were ANF members . random sample of 574 Victorian ANF nurse members . assessment of levels of burnout in Victorian ANF nurse members and the identification of individual or work characteristics that may be associated with it . ANF nurse members exhibited lower depersonalisation and higher personal accomplishment compared to medical and overall normative data . age and fewer working hours were associated with lower levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation . overtime was positively associated with emotional exhaustion however further analyses demonstrated that those who worked overtime voluntarily did not differ from workers not working overtime . feeling pressured/expected to work overtime was positively associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation . ANF nurse members were not experiencing high levels of burnout . the study highlighted the need for health care management to recognise the importance of working reasonable hours and in particular , to understand the potential detrimental effect that having to work pressured or unexpected overtime has on staff ."
3466,Abstract #3466,"evaluate visual function of three types of multifocal intraocular lenses ( IOLs ) and one monofocal IOL ( as the control group ) after cataract surgery . hundred fourteen patients participated in a prospective , randomized , controlled clinical study and received monofocal Tecnis Z9000 ( AMO ) ( n = 24 , 48 eyes ) ; symmetric diffractive multifocal Tecnis ZM900 ( AMO ) ( n = 26 , 52 eyes ) ; zonal refractive multifocal ReZoom ( AMO ) ( n = 32 , 64 eyes ) ; and asymmetric diffractive multifocal TwinSet ( Acri.Tec ) ( n = 32 , 64 eyes ) IOLs . binocular distance best spectacle-corrected visual acuity ( BSCVA ) ( logMAR ) was 0.05 for controls , 0.08 for ZM900 , 0.07 for ReZoom , and 0.11 for TwinSet , with mean binocular distance BSCVA at near of 0.49 , 0.06 , 0.22 , and 0.11 , respectively . contrast sensitivity was better for the monofocal IOL group than for the multifocal IOLs . assigned to TwinSet had less favorable contrast sensitivity scores . with monofocal IOLs had more frequently recommended near addition ( 74 % ) than those with multifocal IOLs . with refractive ReZoom had also recommended near addition more frequently than the two diffractive groups . percentage of dysphotopsia phenomena was 81 % in patients with diffractive multifocal ZM900 compared with 48 % in patients with monofocal IOLs , 53 % with refractive ReZoom , and 47 % with diffractive TwinSet . monofocal IOL showed better visual function and lesser photic phenomena than multifocal IOLs but patients were spectacle dependent . provided better distance BSCVA than the TwinSet diffractive model . with Tecnis and TwinSet diffractive multifocal IOLs were more spectacle independent than patients with ReZoom . with TwinSet had the worst visual function . implanted with the Tecnis diffractive ZM900 were those reporting more photic phenomena ."
3467,Abstract #3467,"randomized , 6-week , open-label study compared efficacy of CAD and antidepressant monotherapies ( ADM ) that had been chosen according to clinical judgment of the attending psychiatrist . total of 60 inpatients ( intent-to-treat analysis ) with depressive disorder ( 1 unsuccessful antidepressant treatment ) were randomly assigned to the interventions . responders who completed the acute phase of study , were evaluated for relapse within 2 months of follow-up treatment . primary outcome measure was change in the Montgomery-sberg Depression Rating Scale ( MADRS ) and response was defined as a 50 % reduction of MADRS score . changes in total MADRS score from baseline to week 6 for patients in both treatment modalities were not different ( ADM = 13.28.6 points ; CAD = 14.59.5 points ; P = 0.58 ) . analysis of covariance performed for significantly higher value of imipramine equivalent dose in CAD group showed only a non-significant between-group difference for total MADRS change ( P = 0.17 ) . were also no differences between groups in response rate ( ADM = 48 % ; CAD = 58 % ) and number of drop-outs in acute treatment as well as proportion of responders ' relapses in the follow-up . treatment modalities produced clinically relevant reduction of depressive symptomatology in acute treatment of patients with resistant depression and their effect was comparable ."
3468,Abstract #3468,"calcium and antioxidants have been suggested as protective agents against colorectal cancer . has been supported by animal experimental studies , case control and cohort studies . a prospective intervention study of colorectal adenomas , and intermediary stage in colorectal carcinogenesis , 116 polyp-bearing patients received a placebo-controlled daily mixture of beta-carotene 15 mg , vitamin C 150 mg , vitamin E 75 mg , selenium 101 microg , and calcium ( 1.6 g daily ) as carbonate for a period of 3 years with annual colonoscopic follow-up to test if the mixture was able to reduce polyp growth or recurrence . polyps of < 10 mm at enrollment or follow-up were left unresected until the end of the study . % of the patients attended the annual endoscopic follow-up investigations , and 19 % of the patients dropped out of the medical intervention . rest consumed 85 % of the total amount of tablets over the 3 years . fecal calcium concentration was 2.3-2 .7 times higher in patients taking active medication compared to the placebo group . registration showed that , when adding the intake of antioxidants and calcium from diet and intervention , there was a significant difference between the intake of these substances in the active and the placebo group . difference was detected in the growth of adenomas between the active and the placebo group from year to year and for the total study period . , there was no effect on polyps of < 5 or 5-9 mm , or on polyps in the different colonic segments analyzed separately . reduced growth of adenomas was found in patients < 60 years of age taking active medication ( n = 8 ) compared to those taking placebo ( n = 6 ; mean difference 2.3 mm ; 95 % CI 0.26-4 .36 ) . was a significantly lower number of patients free of new adenomas in the placebo group compared to those taking active medication as tested by logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis ( log-rank test p value 0.035 ) . analysis showed that only the group of patients with no family history of colorectal cancer , those with only one adenoma at inclusion , and those < 65 years benefitted from the intervention medication . study did not find an overall effect on polyp growth . data , however , may support a protective role of calcium and antioxidants on new adenoma formation ."
3469,Abstract #3469,"compare the ocular tolerance of nonpreserved diclofenac versus thiomersal-preserved diclofenac in healthy volunteers . healthy volunteers instilled Dicloabak in the randomised eye and thiomersal-preserved diclofenac in the other eye , according to a strictly identical dosing regimen , for 28 days . volunteer thus served as his or her own control . dose regimen was five drops/day for 7 days followed by three drops/day for 20 days . tolerance was assessed by the discomfort upon instillation ( measured on a visual analogue scale [ VAS ] ) , subjective ocular symptoms following instillation ( irritation/burning/stinging , eye dryness and foreign body sensation ) and finally by an objective examination of the ocular surface . criteria were evaluated on days 0 , 14 , 21 and 28 . subjective ocular symptoms following instillation were significantly lower in the nonpreserved group at Day 7 and nearly significantly lower until the end of the study . biomicroscopy exam confirmed that there was better tolerance without thiomersal . was less follicular-papillary conjunctivitis and a significantly better lissamine green score in the Dicloabak group . results of this study demonstrate that the nonpreserved formulation of diclofenac is better tolerated by the ocular surface and thus constitutes a therapeutic benefit ."
3470,Abstract #3470,"hormonal therapy represents standard therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive disease , many patients receive initial chemotherapy because of the location , bulk , or aggressiveness of their disease . is uncertain whether simultaneous hormonal therapy provides additional benefit compared with chemotherapy alone . Cooperative Oncology Group trial E3186 was initiated to explore this question . January 1988 and December 1992 , 231 patients with estrogen receptor ( ER ) - positive or ER-unknown metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive either chemotherapy ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , and fluorouracil CAF ) or chemohormonal therapy ( CAF plus tamoxifen and Halotestin fluoxymesterone ; Pharmacia-Upjohn , Kalamazoo , MI CAFTH ) as front-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer . who experienced a complete response to induction therapy either received or did not receive maintenance cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , fluorouracil , prednisone , and TH as a secondary randomization . response rates ( complete response and partial response ) of patients who received CAF and CAFTH were similar ( 69.2 % v 68.9 % , respectively ; P = .99 ) . to treatment failure ( TTF ) was slightly longer for patients who received chemohormonal therapy compared with chemotherapy alone patients ( 13.4 months v 10.3 months , respectively ; P = .087 ) , and TTF was significantly longer in ER-positive compared with ER-negative patients ( 17.4 months v 10.3 months , respectively ; P = .048 ) . , ER status had no effect on overall survival ( 30.0 months for CAF v 29.3 months for CAFTH ) . patients with potentially hormone-sensitive metastatic breast cancer , chemohormonal therapy prolongs TTF for ER-positive patients without improving overall survival ."
3471,Abstract #3471,"mucus usually induces artefacts during endoscopic ultrasonography . investigate the effectiveness of pre-medication with the proteolytic enzyme , pronase , before endoscopic ultrasonography . scheduled for endoscopic ultrasonography were randomly assigned to oral pre-medication with the anti-foam agent , dimethylpolysiloxane , alone ( treatment A ; n = 29 ) , with dimethylpolysiloxane plus sodium bicarbonate ( treatment B ; n = 29 ) or with dimethylpolysiloxane , sodium bicarbonate and pronase ( treatment C ; n = 29 ) . drinks were given about 10 min before the start of the procedure . insertion of the endoscope , endoscopists recorded visibility scores before the procedure , imaging scores at endoscopic ultrasonography and the numbers of high-echo spots in the gastric cavity and on the gastric wall surface after the procedure . with pronase ( treatment C ) significantly reduced ( both at P < 0.05 ) the visibility score ( score 4 , 46 % ) in comparison with that obtained for pre-medication without pronase ( 10 % for both treatments A and B ) . with pronase significantly reduced ( both at P < 0.05 ) the endoscopic ultrasonography score in the gastric cavity ( score 4 , 34 % ) in comparison with that found for treatments A ( 7 % ) and B ( 0 % ) . also significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ) the endoscopic ultrasonography score on the gastric wall surface ( score 4 , 14 % ) in comparison with that observed for treatment A ( 3 % ) . numbers of high-echo spots in the gastric cavity and on the gastric wall surface were significantly less ( both at P < 0.001 ) for pre-medication with pronase ( treatment C ) than for pre-medication with treatments A and B. were no complications associated with the solutions . with pronase reduced the artefacts during endoscopic ultrasonography ."
3472,Abstract #3472,"aim of the study was to assess and compare the effect of chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish application on Streptococcus mutans counts in plaque of occlusal pits and fissures of permanent mandibular first molars . study was an in vivo comparative study , conducted among 50 schoolchildren aged 7-8 years under a field setting . 50 subjects were randomly allocated into two groups . plaque samples were collected from all the subjects followed by the application of two varnishes , Cervitec and Duraphat . varnish was applied to pit and fissures of occlusal surface of mandibular first molar . varnish application was carried out on the first day , fifth day and tenth day after baseline plaque sampling . plaque samples were collected at the end of 1 month and at the end of 3 months after the varnish application . Cervitec varnish has shown a statistically significant reduction at the end of 1 month and at the end of 3 months ( P < 0.05 ) . varnish did not show a statistically significant difference in reducing the plaque S. mutans count at the end of 1 month and third month ( P > 0.05 ) . varnish was found to be effective in reducing S. mutans count for a 3-month period , when compared to Duraphat varnish ."
3473,Abstract #3473,"drug-eluting stents currently in use are coated with a polymer carrying the drug that is released for several weeks . , a durable polymer may provoke hypersensitive reaction , delayed artery healing , and eventually stent thrombosis . aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of a polymer-free paclitaxel-eluting stent ( PF-PES ) versus a polymer-based PES ( PB-PES ) . patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized 1:1 to receive either PF-PES or PB-PES . primary end point was late loss at 9 months . ultrasound analysis at 9 months and final 2-year clinical follow-up were also performed . October 2007 to April 2009 , 164 patients were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups ( PF-PES : n = 84 ; PB-PES : n = 80 ) . in-stent lumen loss was 0.90 0.59 mm for PF-PES and 0.49 0.52 mm for PB-PES ( P < 0.001 ) . neointimal area by intravascular ultrasound was higher in PF-PES than in PB-PES ( 1.42 1.09 versus 0.51 0.61 mm ( 2 ) ; P < 0.001 ) . 2 years , a composite end point of all-cause death , any myocardial infarction , and target vessel revascularization occurred in 36.9 % for PF-PES and 16.3 % for PB-PES ( P = 0.004 ) , mainly driven by a higher rate of target vessel revascularization ( PF-PES : 35.7 % ; PB-PES : 13.8 % ; P = 0.001 ) . late stent thrombosis was observed in PF-PES . with PB-PES , PF-PES was associated with increased neointimal proliferation and subsequent clinical restenosis . plays an essential role in the performance of drug-eluting stents . . identifier : NCT01375855 ."
3474,Abstract #3474,"studies have shown that polyvinyl pyrrolidone ( PVP ) added to a chlorhexidine rinse reduced extrinsic dental stain but at the expense of a reduction in plaque inhibitory activity . effect appeared due to a reduction in the effective chlorhexidine dose to levels where dose response studies show plaque inhibition falls off rapidly . aim of these 2 clinical studies was to determine if PVP could be added to chlorhexidine rinses to maintain efficacy and reduce staining . 1 involved 42 healthy dentate volunteers and was a blind , randomised , 7 treatment , crossover design balanced for residual effects . rinses were : 1.0.09 % chlorhexidine to which was added , 2.1 % PVP , 3.3 % PVP , 4.5 % PVP , 5.7 % PVP , 6 . , 7 . oil product . were used 2x on day one of each period after a prophylaxis . suspended tooth cleaning for 24 h and were then scored for plaque area . 2 used the experimental gingivitis model , involved 24 healthy dentate subjects and was a blind , randomised , 3 treatment , crossover design balanced for residual effects . rinses were 1.0.2 % chlorhexidine , 2.0.2 % chlorhexidine/10 % PVP , 3 . . baseline and the end of each study period subjects were rendered plaque , stain and calculus free , suspended oral hygiene and rinsed 2x per day . , gingivitis and stain were scored at baseline , 1 , 2 , and 3 weeks . was scored at baseline and 3 weeks . 1 : Buccal plaque scores were significantly lower with all rinses compared to placebo . all buccal plaque scores were significantly lower with chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine/PVP rinses compared to the essential oil/phenolic rinse . were no significant differences between the chlorhexidine rinse and the chlorhexidine/PVP rinses . for buccal and lingual plaque combined produced , with one exception , the same results for rinse comparisons as for buccal plaque alone . the essential oil/phenolic rinse just failed to reach significance compared to placebo . 2 : Plaque and gingivitis scores were significantly lower with positive control and test rinses compared to placebo but with no difference between these rinses . and tongue stain was significantly higher with the positive control and test rinses compared to placebo but not significantly different between these 2 rinses . scores were not significantly different between the three study rinses . with previous data , the balance of evidence does not support PVP as an inhibitor of staining associated with chlorhexidine . data are further evidence that chlorhexidine oral hygiene products , which , do not or claim not to cause staining , are most probably lacking efficacy ."
3475,Abstract #3475,"determine if the addition of ipratropium bromide in the emergency department ( ED ) for the treatment of childhood asthma reduces rates of hospitalization and relapses for moderate and severe exacerbations . were given an oral corticosteroid treatment ( 2 mg/kg ) and received every 20 minutes either three nebulizations with albuterol ( 0.15 mg/kg ) and ipratropium bromide ( 250 micrograms ) or six nebulizations with albuterol alone ( control group ) . primary end point was the need for hospitalization , additional nebulizations or a relapse during the following week . end point included the effect of age . hundred and forty three children , two to 15 years old , were randomized to ipratropium or control groups and 121 were evaluated on day seven . a whole , the control group was less often hospitalized or in relapse than those treated with three nebulizations of albuterol and ipratropium ( 17.5 % vs 37.9 % , p < 0.02 ) . ipratropium group reached the same result after three additional albuterol nebulizations . benefit of anticholinergic therapy was observed for children less than six years of age who had a similar rate of success ( 73.5 vs 75.7 % ) . association of ipratropium bromide to the first three doses of the albuterol protocol for acute asthma did not act as well as six nebulizations of albuterol alone . effect was age dependent and two to six years old children needed more attention . the hospitalization rate did not support the use of ipratropium compared with repeated albuterol nebulizations ."
3476,Abstract #3476,"chemotherapy palliates pain without extending survival in men with progressive androgen-independent prostate cancer . compared docetaxel plus estramustine with mitoxantrone plus prednisone in men with metastatic , hormone-independent prostate cancer . randomly assigned 770 men to one of two treatments , each given in 21-day cycles : 280 mg of estramustine three times daily on days 1 through 5 , 60 mg of docetaxel per square meter of body-surface area on day 2 , and 60 mg of dexamethasone in three divided doses before docetaxel , or 12 mg of mitoxantrone per square meter on day 1 plus 5 mg of prednisone twice daily . primary end point was overall survival ; secondary end points were progression-free survival , objective response rates , and post-treatment declines of at least 50 percent in serum prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) levels . 674 eligible patients , 338 were assigned to receive docetaxel and estramustine and 336 to receive mitoxantrone and prednisone . an intention-to-treat analysis , the median overall survival was longer in the group given docetaxel and estramustine than in the group given mitoxantrone and prednisone ( 17.5 months vs. 15.6 months , P = 0.02 by the log-rank test ) , and the corresponding hazard ratio for death was 0.80 ( 95 percent confidence interval , 0.67 to 0.97 ) . median time to progression was 6.3 months in the group given docetaxel and estramustine and 3.2 months in the group given mitoxantrone and prednisone ( P < 0.001 by the log-rank test ) . declines of at least 50 percent occurred in 50 percent and 27 percent of patients , respectively ( P < 0.001 ) , and objective tumor responses were observed in 17 percent and 11 percent of patients with bidimensionally measurable disease , respectively ( P = 0.30 ) . 3 or 4 neutropenic fevers ( P = 0.01 ) , nausea and vomiting ( P < 0.001 ) , and cardiovascular events ( P = 0.001 ) were more common among patients receiving docetaxel and estramustine than among those receiving mitoxantrone and prednisone . relief was similar in both groups . improvement in median survival of nearly two months with docetaxel and estramustine , as compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone , provides support for this approach in men with metastatic , androgen-independent prostate cancer ."
3477,Abstract #3477,"are only few studies on hip revision using the impaction grafting technique . , data on cementless femoral stems as compared to cemented and polished femoral stems are lacking . wanted to determine whether cementless femoral stems were equally good in preserving bone mineral density around the femoral stem and in functional outcome . 14 patients needing hip revisions for aseptic loosening in the stem with bone stock deficiency Paparowsky grade II were randomized into two groups intraoperatively . fresh-frozen bone allografts were impacted in both groups . cemented group received polished Landos Fjord-CrCo stems and the uncemented group received the hydroxyapatite-coated Landos Corail-Titan stems . dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density around the femoral stem according to Gruen zones . was measured by Merle d'Aubign score . were controlled at 0.5 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 18 , 24 , 36 and 60 months postoperatively . was no statistical difference between the BMD loss in the cemented vs. the uncemented group . BMD loss was between 0-10 % in distal Gruen zones and was between 10-20 % in proximal Gruen zones . scores were similar and reached a plateau of 16 in the Merle d'Aubign score after 6 months . technique in hip revisions using morselized bone allograft is as good as uncemented technique in preserving BMD measured by the DEXA method and restoring function in a 5 years follow-up ."
3478,Abstract #3478,"observe the plasma levels of p-selectin ( CD62 P ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) in patients with sharp deteriorated chronic renal failure ( CRF ) of damp-heat syndrome type ( DHS ) , and the curative efficacy of Qingshen Granule ( QSG ) on the disease . cases with sharp deteriorated CRF of DHS were equally randomized to the treated group and the control group , all were treated with conventional Western medical therapy combining with retention enema of Jiedu Xiezhuo No . ; but for patients in the treated group , QSG was given additionally , 1 bag thrice a day by oral intake . therapeutic course for all was 1 month . , a group of 20 healthy persons was set up for normal control . levels of CD62 P and ICAM-1 were measured before and after treatment , and were compared with those in the normal control . the total effective rate on disease and on Chinese medicine syndrome in the treated group were 90.0 % ( 27/30 ) , significantly higher than those in the control group , 60.0 % ( 18/30 ) and 63.3 % ( 19/30 ) , respectively , showing significant differences between groups ( P < 0.05 ) . levels of CD62 P and ICAM-1 were obviously higher before treatment as compared to those in the normal control group ( P < 0.01 ) , which reduced markedly after treatment in both treated group and control group ( P < 0.05 ) , but the changes in the treated group were more significant ( P < 0.05 ) . with sharp deteriorated CRF of DHS show higher plasma levels of CD62 P and ICAM-1 in comparing with the normal control . of retention enema with QSG in combined with JDXZ No . could reduce the two indexes more significantly than that using retention enema alone , and the combined therapy could also improve renal function and ameliorate clinical symptoms in patients ."
3479,Abstract #3479,"evaluate the circulatory effects of fiberoptic intubation with a newly developed mask adapter and to compare these effects with those obtained with a conventional laryngoscope and laryngeal mask airway with general anesthesia . study . room at a university hospital . ASA physical status I adult patients scheduled for minor elective surgery . Macintosh laryngoscope was used for intubation in Group L ( n = 10 ) , a fiberoptic bronchoscope with newly developed mask adapter was used in Group FI ( n = 10 ) , and a laryngeal mask airway was used in Group LMA ( n = 10 ) . was induced with thiamylal , fentanyl , and vecuronium . were manually ventilated for 4 minutes with sevoflurane . their tracheas were intubated with a laryngoscope or fiberoptic bronchoscope , or a laryngeal mask airway was inserted . pressure ( BP ) and heart rate ( HR ) were measured continuously . intubation , the magnitude of change of both BP and HR was greatest in Group L , next highest in Group FI , and lowest in Group LMA . intubation with general anesthesia using the newly developed mask adapter offers an advantage over the standard laryngoscope for patients in whom pressor response of intubation is potentially hazardous ."
3480,Abstract #3480,"determine the effects of pretreatment with either promethazine or dexamethasone on mivacurium-induced histamine release in children . ASA I-II children ( 4-10years of age ) scheduled for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 20 per group ) designated as either the rocuronium , mivacurium , dexamethasone ( DXM ) , or promethazine group . in the DXM and promethazine groups were treated separately with intramuscular DXM 0.2 mgkg ( -1 ) or promethazine 0.5 mgkg ( -1 ) injections 60min before operation . artery blood samples were collected to quantify plasma histamine concentrations 1min before and 1 , 3 , and 5min after administration of the relaxant . arterial pressure ( MAP ) , heart rate ( HR ) , and skin flushing were recorded at the same time . significant decreases in plasma histamine concentrations were observed between groups ; however , more stable MAP and HR and less skin flushing were observed in DXM group participants compared with individuals in the mivacurium group ( P < 0.05 ) . contrast , children in the promethazine group had significantly decreased plasma histamine concentrations and stable MAP and HR ( without a significant increase in HR ) compared with patients in mivacurium group . addition , skin flushing was significantly decreased compared with that observed in the rocuronium group ( P < 0.05 ) . with promethazine significantly decreased mivacurium-induced histamine release in children and provided stable hemodynamics during administration of anesthesia ."
3481,Abstract #3481,"aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of adjunctive megavitamin and dietary treatment in schizophrenia . random allocation double-blind , controlled comparison of dietary supplement and megavitamin treatment , and an alternative procedure was given for 5 months to 19 outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia . addition to usual follow-up , the experimental group received amounts of megavitamins based on their individual serum vitamin levels plus dietary restriction based on Radioallergosorbent ( RAST ) tests . control group received 25 mg vitamin C and were prescribed substances considered allergenic from the RAST test . months of treatment showed marked differences in serum levels of vitamins but no consistent self-reported symptomatic or behavioural differences between groups . study does not provide evidence supporting a positive relationship between regulation of levels of serum vitamins and clinical outcome in schizophrenia over 5 months ."
3482,Abstract #3482,"Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with peptic ulcer disease were randomly allocated to double-blind placebo-controlled treatment with one of four anti-H . regimens consisting of bismuth subnitrate suspension ( B ) , oxytetracycline ( OT ) , metronidazole ( M ) / metronidazole placebo , or ranitidine ( R ) / ranitidine placebo . 1 : B 150 mg q.i.d. , OT 500 mg q.i.d. , M 400 mg t.i.d. for 10 days and R 300 mg b.i.d. for 4 wk . 2 : same as regimen 1 except ranitidine . 3 : same as regimen 1 except metronidazole . 4 : same as regimen 1 except metronidazole and ranitidine . and 14C-urea breath test were performed 4 wk after cessation of therapy , and breath test six months after cessation . to intention-to-treat analysis , H. pylori eradication rates were 96 % , 91 % , 20 % , and 9 % with regimens 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 , respectively . regimens 1 +2 and 3 +4 , the eradication rates with and without metronidazole were 93 % and 14 % , respectively ( p < 0.0001 ) . increased the occurrence of diarrhea and abdominal pain . regimens 1 +3 with 2 +4 ranitidine did not influence H. pylori eradication ( 58 % with and 50 % without ranitidine ; p = 0.37 ) or ulcer healing ( 93 % with and 90 % without ranitidine ; p = 0.72 ) significantly , but reduced the occurrence of pain ( p < 0.01 ) . months after treatment , three patients who were H. pylori negative at 4 wk had become positive . three had all received metronidazole placebo . pylori status remained negative in the other 85 patients . pylori eradication with this triple therapy is critically dependent on metronidazole . ranitidine reduces the occurrence of abdominal pain during such therapy ."
3483,Abstract #3483,"aim of this prospective clinical trial was to compare peri-implant clinical and radiographic parameters following the placement of nonsubmerged two - and one-stage implants . were randomly assigned to the IMZ group ( 20 patients receiving two IMZ two-stage implants in a one-stage procedure ) or ITI group ( 20 patients receiving two ITI implants in the conventional one-stage procedure ) . healing period was defined as an 18-week unloaded osseointegration period and a 1-year functional period during which maturation of bone took place . weeks after implant placement , fabrication of an overdenture with a bar-clip attachment system was started ; it was placed at 18 weeks . of the implants were lost during the osseointegration period ; one IMZ implant was removed during the functional period because of mobility . was no significant difference in Gingival Index between the two groups at all evaluation periods . mean bone loss during the functional period was 0.6 mm in both groups . high number of healing abutments loosened in the IMZ group . and radiographic parameters of two-stage implants placed in a one-stage procedure and one-stage implants are comparable during the healing period . abutments of the IMZ implant system loosen easily ."
3484,Abstract #3484,"investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A ( BoNT-A ) injection on jaw motor episodes during sleep in patients with or without orofacial pain who did not respond to oral splint treatment . subjects with a clinical diagnosis of SB completed this study . subjects received bilateral BoNT-A injections ( 25 U per muscle ) into the masseter muscles only ( group A ) , and the other 10 received the injections into both the masseter and temporalis muscles ( group B ) . ( vPSG ) recordings were made before and at 4 weeks after injection . masticatory muscle activity ( RMMA ) and orofacial activity ( OFA ) were scored and analyzed for several parameters ( e.g. , frequency of episodes , bursts per episode , episode duration ) . peak amplitude of electromyographic ( EMG ) activity in the two muscles was also measured . injection did not reduce the frequency , number of bursts , or duration for RMMA episodes in the two groups . injection decreased the peak amplitude of EMG burst of RMMA episodes in the injected muscles ( p < 0.001 , repeated measure ANOVA ) in both groups . 4 weeks after injection , 9 subjects self-reported reduction of tooth grinding and 18 subjects self-reported reduction of morning jaw stiffness . single BoNT-A injection is an effective strategy for controlling SB for at least a month . reduces the intensity rather than the generation of the contraction in jaw-closing muscles . investigations on the efficacy and safety in larger samples over a longer follow-up period are needed before establishing management strategies for SB with BoNT-A . YJ ; Lee MK ; Kato T ; Park HU ; Heo K ; Kim ST. Effects of botulinum toxin on jaw motor events during sleep in sleep bruxism patients : a polysomnographic evaluation ."
3485,Abstract #3485,"opinions of relatives of patients with schizophrenia about this disorder can influence its course and outcome . 2003 , the Italian Psychiatric Association promoted a study on family psychoeducational intervention to explore its effectiveness in improving relatives ' opinions and beliefs about schizophrenia . each of the 10 Italian mental health centres , 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 key relatives were randomly recruited to receive the experimental intervention or the standard care . experimental intervention consisted of 12 manual-based informative sessions on schizophrenia . relative filled in the self-reported questionnaire on family opinions about schizophrenia . treated sample included 107 patients and 112 relatives ; the control group consisted of 105 patients and 118 relatives . both groups , stress , traumas , heredity and family difficulties were most frequently mentioned as causing the disorder . ' opinions about patients ' civil rights and social competence , in particular the right to get married , to have children and to vote , improved and the belief that patients with schizophrenia are unpredictable decreased at the end of the intervention . results confirm that relatives of patients with schizophrenia should receive psychoeducational interventions , particularly in Italy where family involvement in schizophrenia care is particularly frequent ."
3486,Abstract #3486,"studies on the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) have suggested that there is dysregulation of dopamine-mediated neurotransmission , particularly in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia , and that treatment with methylphenidate reverses this dysregulation . methodology similar to previous studies involving putative markers of brain functioning , we used 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the effect of 12-week treatment with daily 20-mg long-acting methylphenidate on the glutamate/creatine , N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine , choline/creatine , and myoinositol/creatine ratios in the prefrontal cortices of medication-naive children with ADHD . was a prospective study , using a pretest and posttest design , on a single group of 21 children ( mean age , 8.52 years ; 17 males and 4 females ) with a diagnosis of ADHD . low time echo ( TE ) magnetic resonance spectroscopic scans sampled voxels of interest ( 1.5 1.5 2.0 ) from both the right and left prefrontal cortices . treatment , the N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine ratio increased 18.8 % in the right prefrontal cortex ( P = 0.001 ) and 10 % in the left prefrontal cortex ( P = 0.007 ) ; the glutamate/creatine ratio decreased 15 % in the right prefrontal cortex ( P = 0.005 ) and 14.1 % in the left prefrontal cortex ( P = 0.005 ) ; the choline/creatine ratio decreased 12.4 % in the right prefrontal cortex ( P = 0.037 ) and 16 % in the left prefrontal cortex ( P = 0.006 ) ; and the myoinositol/creatine ratio decreased 14.7 % in the left prefrontal cortex ( P = 0.011 ) and 7.7 % in the right prefrontal cortex ( P = 0.129 ) . the limitations of this pilot study , we found , after stimulant treatment , significant neurochemical changes ( thought to reflect functional improvement and improved neuroplasticity ) in the prefrontal cortices of children with ADHD ."
3487,Abstract #3487,"determine the changes in corneal sensitivity to different stimulus modalities in diabetes mellitus ( DM ) 1 and DM2 patients with retinopathy , and to explore whether argon laser photocoagulation exacerbates sensitivity loss in diabetic patients . sensitivity to different modalities of stimulus was determined in one randomized eye in 52 patients with DM1 ( n = 35 ) or DM2 ( n = 17 ) , and in 27 healthy subjects . history was obtained from all the patients , including age , sex , time from DM diagnosis , type of diabetes , time from onset of retinopathy , type of diabetic retinopathy , and type of argon laser treatment . sensitivity was determined using a gas esthesiometer . , chemical , and thermal ( heat and cold ) stimuli were applied on the central cornea . thresholds to selective mechanical , chemical , and cold stimulation were significantly higher in DM patients compared to controls . threshold to mechanical and chemical stimuli was higher in DM2 than in DM1 patients . DM1 patients , mechanical threshold increased with time after DM diagnosis . correlation was found between sensitivity thresholds to chemical or thermal stimulation and the age of the patient , type of retinopathy , or time from its diagnosis . treatment generated a further impairment of corneal sensitivity . sensitivity to mechanical , chemical , and thermal stimulation is decreased in DM patients , suggesting that diabetes affects homogeneously the different types of sensory neurons innervating the cornea . sensitivity appears to be more disturbed in DM2 than in DM1 . treatment of DM patients generates a further impairment in corneal sensitivity , probably as the result of physical damage to ciliary nerves ."
3488,Abstract #3488,"inhibiting prostaglandins , aspirin may be deleterious in heart failure ( HF ) and/or may counteract angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor efficacy . , clopidogrel has no effect on prostaglandin metabolism . investigate the effect of aspirin and clopidogrel on brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) levels in HF patients treated with ACE inhibitors . patients with stable HF ( 65 + / -13 years , 24 males/12 females , NYHA class II to IV , ejection fraction < 40 % , 13 with coronary disease , all treated with ACE inhibitors ) were enrolled in this prospective , double-blind study and randomised to aspirin 325 mg/day or clopidogrel 75 mg/day for 14 days . was determined at day 0 and day 14 . patients were randomised to aspirin and 17 to clopidogrel . characteristics were similar in both groups . levels increased in the aspirin group from day 0 to day 14 ( 107 + / -103 to 144 + / -149 pg/ml , p = 0.04 ) whereas clopidogrel had no effect ( 104 + / -107 and 97 + / -99 pg/ml respectively , p = 0.61 ) . study demonstrates an adverse effect of aspirin 325 mg/day on BNP plasma levels in HF patients treated with ACE inhibitors . contrast clopidogrel 75 mg/day had no effect ."
3489,Abstract #3489,"cervical microdiscectomy ( ACD ) is commonly applied in the surgical treatment of cervical disc herniation . , following discectomy procedure to perform a fusion process is still controversial . , a controlled , multicentric , prospective , randomized study was designed . 20 patients were operated . patients were operated with applying simple anterior microdiscectomy technique . patients were operated via ACD and fusion with a semirigid plate technique . and postoperative [ immediate ; postoperative first day and postoperative 1 y ( mean 13.95 mo ) ] computed tomography studies and plain x-rays were obtained . cervical disc and bilateral neural foramen heights of the operated level and adjacent segments were calculated . assessment was performed using visual analog pain scale . statistical analysis method was applied to compare the outcomes for both groups . result was achieved in both groups . pain scores for major complaint ( arm pain ) were decreased significantly in all patients after surgery regardless of the type of technique applied . improvement in neck pain scores was significant only in patients who were treated with fusion procedure . were no significant changes in disc height and neural foramen height measurements for both groups in adjacent levels in immediate and 1-year postoperative periods . patients who were operated with simple ACD technique showed no significant decrease at postoperative first day in disc height and neural foramen height . , the 1-year postoperative radiologic studies showed a significant decrease in disc height and neural foramen dimensions compared with preoperative values . patients who were treated with fusion process showed a significant increase in disc height and nonsignificant increase in neural foramen heights at immediate postoperative study . , with time , all dimensions showed significant decrease compared with preoperative values . technique offers satisfactory outcome regardless of whether fusion process is applied or not . with semirigid plate offers an advantage at operated level in immediate postoperative period in regard of disc height and neural foramen height . , semirigid anterior plates by definition do not stop subsidence and the advantage that is offered by this technique is not persistent . the other hand , to apply fusion process with semirigid plate system offers significantly less narrowing in disc height compared with simple ACD technique ."
3490,Abstract #3490,"aim of this study was to compare postoperative symptoms following coblation tonsillectomy with those experienced following a traditional cold dissection . prospective randomized controlled trial . otorhinolaryngology care . adult patients with recurrent tonsillitis meriting tonsillectomy were recruited and randomly allocated into either coblation or cold dissection tonsillectomy groups . outcomes were post-operative pain , otalgia , swallowing and analgesia use at 6-8 hours , 1 , 3 , 7 and 14 days post-operative . outcomes were post-operative day returned to eating and returned to normal activities/work . significant differences between the two groups ( P > or = 0.1 ) were found in any of the above primary outcomes , apart from swallowing at 6-8 hrs post-operatively where the cold dissection group had less pain . group also returned earlier to normal eating ( P = 0.03 ) . power of the study was sufficient to show a difference in the visual analogue scores of 2 between groups . use of coblation to perform tonsillectomy does not confer any symptomatic benefits to the patient over conventional cold dissection tonsillectomy ."
3491,Abstract #3491,"evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment with commercially available 0.05 % topical ciclosporin and topical corticosteroid compared with treatment with topical corticosteroids only after high-risk keratoplasty . total of 47 high-risk keratoplasties were randomly divided into two groups based on the postoperative immunosuppression . eyes ( group 1 ) were treated with 0.05 % ciclosporin and dexamethasone 0.1 % , and 22 eyes ( group 2 ) were treated with dexamethasone only . clinical outcome of penetrating keratoplasty was evaluated by the rate of rejection-free graft survival and graft survival evaluation by the Kaplan-Meier logrank test . average length of follow-up was 20.2 ( SD 7.1 ) months in group 1 and 18.5 ( 6.6 ) months in group 2 ( p = 0.421 ) . graft survival rates were 60.8 % in group 1 and 54.5 % in group 2 ( Kaplan-Meier logrank test , p = 0.474 ) . group 1 , the graft survival rate was 73.9 % ; in group 2 , the graft survival rate was 68.1 % . difference in the graft survival rates between the groups was also not statistically significant ( Kaplan-Meier logrank test , p = 0.518 ) . high-risk corneal grafts , the efficacy of 0.05 percent commercially available topical ciclosporin combined with dexamethasone topically was not better than that of dexamethasone alone in preventing rejection ."
3492,Abstract #3492,"with acute coronary syndromes ( ACS ) are at increased risk of further acute cardiac events . prevention aims to decrease morbidity and mortality post-ACS . is related to increased risk in this population , and to poorer secondary prevention activities . , lengthy depression assessment techniques preclude depression assessment in routine care . present study investigated the relationship of briefly-assessed depression with secondary prevention outcomes one year post-ACS . ethics committee approval , hospitals recruited patients for a national survey of ACS . patients with ACS completed a brief depression scale during hospitalisation . predictive validity of two brief scales was independently assessed , with groups combined for the overall sample . then completed a one-year longitudinal follow-up postal survey of secondary prevention activities . response rate for follow-up was 86 % ( n = 681 ) . taking anti-platelet ( 88 % v 87 % ; p = 0.334 ) and lipid-lowering ( 83 % v 84 % ; p = 0.437 ) therapies remained unchanged . of smoking ( 40 % v 22 % ; p < 0.001 ) , and median number of cigarettes smoked ( 20 v 10 ; p < 0.001 ) were significantly reduced at one year . per cent of patients reported attending cardiac rehabilitation programmes . those aged < 65 years at baseline , 54 % had returned to work at one year . majority ( 56 % ) reported feeling physically better . of depression was unchanged in those who completed a depression scale at both time points ( 15 % v 17 % ; p = 0.434 ) . depression did not predict taking anti-platelet , blood pressure or cholesterol medications ( all p > 0.05 ) , but did predict continuation of smoking ( OR = 2.3 , 95 % CI 1.3-4 .0 , p = 0.003 ) , a higher ( above median ) number of general practitioner visits ( OR = 2.1 , 95 % CI 1.3-3 .4 , p = 0.005 ) , failure to return to work ( OR = 0.4 , 95 % CI 0.2-0 .8 , p = 0.015 ) , and not feeling better ( OR = 0.6 , 95 % CI 0.3-1 .0 , p = 0.05 ) at one year . depression assessment can be used to help identify patients with ACS at risk of a range of poorer secondary prevention outcomes . results provide support for the routine screening of depression in acute settings . to increase rates of smoking cessation , return to work , general well-being and decrease health service use by depressed patients may need to incorporate some element of treatment for depression ."
3493,Abstract #3493,"discuss the impacts of moxibustion for regulating spleen and stomach function on the survival quality of the patients of end stage renal disease ( ESRD ) with maintenance hemodialysis ( MHD ) . hundred and nine cases of uremia with MHD from 3 hemodialysis centers were randomized into an observation group ( 58 cases ) and a control group ( 51 cases ) . regular hemodialysis and conventional medication were used in the two groups . the observation group , on the basis of the common treatment , moxibustion was applied to Zusanli ( ST 36 ) and Sanyinjiao ( SP 6 ) , 2-3 times a day , the treatment of 4 weeks made one session . , 3 sessions were required and the follow-up lasted for 3 months . ( kidney disease quality of life short form,KDQOL-SFTM 1.3 ) was adopted for the questionnaire investigation on survival quality before treatment , after treatment and at the end of follow-up separately in the two groups . treatment , the survival quality scores in terms of physical functioning ( 83.62 + / -13.27 vs 79.32 + / - 22.17 ) , general health ( 58.88 + / - 20.24 vs 48.82 + / -20.89 ) and vitality ( 77.07 + / -15.56 vs 70.59 + / -22.61 ) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( all P < 0.05 ) . comparison before and after treatment in the same group , the survival quality scores in terms of physical functioning , general health , vitality and symptoms/problems were all improved in the observation group ( all P < 0.05 ) . the end of follow-up , the survival quality scores in terms of physical functioning , general health , mental health , social functioning , vitality , effects of kidney disease and cognitive function were higher in the observation group as compared with those in the control group ( all P < 0.05 ) . comparison of the results at the end of follow-up with those before treatment , the survival quality scores in terms of vitality , symptoms/problems and cognitive function in the observation group were improved ( all P < 0.05 ) . differences were not significant in all of the 19 fields of survival quality evaluation before and after treatment , and after follow-up in the control group ( all P > 0.05 ) . for regulating spleen and stomach function improves the survival quality of the patients with hemodialysis in terms of physical functioning , general health and vitality , which benefits the psychological condition of the patients , resulting in the improvements of the survival quality in the fields of mental health , social functioning , effects of kidney disease and cognitive function ."
3494,Abstract #3494,"indicates that negative affect and/or depression is associated with increased prevalence for smoking and higher levels of nicotine dependence in adults and adolescents . previous study with adult smokers attempting to quit indicated that low levels of self-efficacy partially mediated depression 's adverse effect on posttreatment cessation . current study attempted to test self-efficacy as a potential mediator between depressive symptoms and smoking susceptibility in adolescents . thousand and ninety-three nonsmoking high-school students who were part of a large clinical trial evaluating an interactive CD-ROM-based smoking prevention/cessation curriculum ( project ASPIRE ) were included in this analysis . students completed an extensive battery before treatment and 18 months after treatment , which included measures of depression , self-efficacy , smoking status , and smoking susceptibility . indicated that self-efficacy partially mediated the positive relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and susceptibility to smoke at 18 months , accounting for approximately 27 % of the variance . future interventions to prevent smoking in adolescents can target self-efficacy potentially resulting in more effective outcomes , particularly in adolescents with current depressive symptoms or who may be at risk for future depression ."
3495,Abstract #3495,"electrocautery of the ovaries and ovulation induction with gonadotrophins are both second line treatments for women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . follow-up after electrocautery versus ovulation induction with gonadotrophins has demonstrated at least comparable chances for a first live born child with a reduced need for ovulation induction or assisted reproduction treatment and increased chances for a second live born child . this study , we report on the long-term economic consequences of both treatment modalities . February 1998 and October 2001 , we performed a multi-centre randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) comparing a strategy of laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries , followed by clomiphene citrate and gonadotrophins when anovulation persisted , and a strategy of ovulation induction with gonadotrophins in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS . to twelve years after randomization we performed a follow-up study on reproductive outcome in these women and the fertility treatments they had needed including data on direct medical costs of pregnancy and delivery . data included number of treatment cycles , live births , miscarriages , ectopic pregnancies and multiple pregnancies . calculated mean costs per woman after randomization until the first live birth . intervals ( CIs ) were estimated by bootstrapping . obtained data for an economic analysis on 159 of the 168 randomized women ( 95 % ) . total , 71 of 83 women ( 86 % ) allocated to the electrocautery strategy and 69 of 85 women ( 81 % ) allocated to the gonadotrophin strategy had at least one live birth . the equivalence between the two treatment strategies in terms of a first live birth-the primary outcome measure-our analysis focused on the cost difference between the two strategies within a mean follow-up time of 8-12 years . mean costs per first live birth after randomization were 11 176 ( 95 % CI : 9689-12 549 ) for the electrocautery group and 14 423 ( 95 % CI : 12 239-16 606 ) for the recombinant FSH group , resulting in significantly lower costs ( P < 0.05 ) per first live birth for women allocated to the electrocautery group ( mean difference 3247 ; 95 % CI : 650-5814 ) . women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS , laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries results in significantly lower costs per live birth than ovulation induction with gonadotrophins for an at least equal effectiveness ."
3496,Abstract #3496,"management ( CM ) is a systematic approach to supplement physician-centered efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . is limited on its implementation and efficacy in low-income , ethnic minority populations . conducted a randomized clinical trial to evaluate a nurse - and dietitian-led CM program for reducing major CVD risk factors in low-income , primarily ethnic minority patients in a county health care system , 63.0 % of whom had type 2 diabetes mellitus . primary outcome was the Framingham risk score ( FRS ) . total of 419 patients at elevated risk of CVD events were randomized and followed up for a mean of 16 months ( 81.4 % retention ) . mean FRS was significantly lower for the CM vs usual care group at follow-up ( 7.80 [ 95 % confidence interval , 7.21-8 .38 ] vs 8.93 [ 8.36-9 .49 ] ; P = .001 ) after adjusting for baseline FRS . is equivalent to 5 fewer heart disease events per 1000 individuals per year attributable to the intervention or to 200 individuals receiving the intervention to prevent 1 event per year . pattern of group differences in the FRS was similar in subgroups defined a priori by sex and ethnicity . main driver of these differences was lowering the mean ( SD ) systolic ( -4.2 [ 18.5 ] vs 2.6 [ 22.7 ] mm Hg ; P = .003 ) and diastolic ( -6.0 [ 11.6 ] vs -3.0 [ 11.7 ] mm Hg ; P = .02 ) blood pressures for the CM vs usual care group . and dietitian CM targeting multifactor risk reduction can lead to modest improvements in CVD risk factors among high-risk patients in low-income , ethnic minority populations receiving care in county health clinics . Identifier : NCT00128687 ."
3497,Abstract #3497,"purpose of this study was to add , to the objective evaluation , an instrumental assessment of the skin damage induced by radiation therapy . group of 100 patients affected by breast cancer was recruited in the study over one year . were divided into five groups of 20 patients . each group it was prescribed a different topical treatment . following products were used : Betaglucan , sodium hyaluronate ( Neoviderm ) , Vitis vinifera A. s-I-M . . ( Ixoderm ) , Alga Atlantica plus Ethylbisiminomethylguaicolo and Manganese Cloruro ( Radioskin1 ) and Metal Esculetina plus Ginko Biloba and Aloe vera ( Radioskin 2 ) ; Natural triglycerides-fitosterols ( Xderit ) ; Selectiose plus thermal water of Avene ( Trixera + ) . hydrating creams were applied twice a day starting 15 days before and one month after treatment with radiations . and during treatment patients underwent weekly skin assessments and corneometry to evaluate the symptoms related to skin toxicity and state of hydration . of acute cutaneous toxicity was defined according to the RTOG scale . patients completed radiotherapy ; 72 % of patients presented a G1 cutaneous toxicity , 18 % developed a G2 cutaneous toxicity , 10 % developed a G3 toxicity , no one presented G4 toxicity . corneometry study confirmed the protective role of effective creams used in radiation therapy of breast cancer and showed its usefulness to identify radiation-induced dermatitis in a very early stage . preventive use of topic products reduces the incidence of skin side effects in patients treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer . instrumental evaluation of skin hydration can help the radiation oncologist to use strategies that prevent the onset of toxicity of high degree . moisturizing creams used in this study were equally valid in the treatment of skin damage induced by radiotherapy ."
3498,Abstract #3498,"chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a condition of uncertain etiology and treatment is often unsatisfactory . is evidence that the symptom complex may result from pelvic floor muscular dysfunction and/or neural hypersensitivity/inflammation . hypothesized that the application of electromagnetic therapy may have a neuromodulating effect on pelvic floor spasm and neural hypersensitivity . full Stamey localization men with National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases category III prostatitis were prospectively randomized to receive active electromagnetic or placebo therapy . therapy consisted of 15 minutes of pelvic floor stimulation at a frequency of 10 Hz , followed by a further 15 minutes at 50 Hz , twice weekly for 4 weeks . were evaluated at baseline , 3 months and 1 year after treatment using validated visual analog scores . total of 21 men with a mean age of 47.8 years ( range 25 to 67 ) were analyzed . symptom scores decreased significantly in the actively treated group at 3 months and 1 year ( p < 0.05 ) , unlike the placebo group , which showed no significant change ( p > 0.05 ) . of those receiving active treatment showed that the greatest improvement was in pain related symptoms . novel use of pelvic floor electromagnetic therapy may be a promising new noninvasive option for chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men ."
3499,Abstract #3499,"investigate the exercise hemodynamic benefits of activity-sensing rate adaptive ventricular pacing ( VVIR ) over fixed rate pacing ( VVI ) mode . sensing rate adaptive pacemaker was implanted in 19 patients ( 13 males and 6 females , mean age 54.8 years ) with bradycardia . patients underwent symptom-limited upright bicycle exercise in VVIR and VVI pacing modes in random order after implantation . electrocardiogram monitor and M-mode echocardiography , heart rate , stroke volume and cardiac output were measured at rest and at each stage of exercise . patients were pacemaker dependent , without any spontaneous heart rhythm throughout this study . the activity sensing ventricular pacing mode , all patients achieved a significant increase in exercise duration compared to fixed rate ventricular pacing mode ( mean + / - s , 437 + / - 45 vs 323 + / - 23sec ; P < 0.01 ) , with a mean maximum pacing rate of 113 + / - 23ppm . the cardiac output was significantly improved in both pacing modes ( 10.2 + / - 1.4 L/min with VVIR and 7.5 + / - 1.1 L/min with VVI ) , the maximum exercise cardiac output in VVIR was increased over VVI by 46 % ( P < 0.05 ) . , the stroke volume was significantly increased by 50 % or more at rest in VVI mode , but was relatively maintained in VVIR mode ( P > 0.05 ) . adaptive ventricular pacing can significantly improve the exercise capacity and cardiac output in patients with bradycardia . increment of exercise cardiac output in VVIR mode is mainly dependent upon the pacing rate during exercise ."
3500,Abstract #3500,"of dementia is not possible , but quality of life of patients and caregivers can be improved . aim is to investigate effects of community occupational therapy on dementia patients ' and caregivers ' quality of life , mood , and health status and caregivers ' sense of control over life . patients aged 65 years or older , with mild-to-moderate dementia , and their informal caregivers ( n = 135 couples of patients with their caregivers ) were randomly assigned to 10 sessions of occupational therapy over 5 weeks or no intervention . and behavioral interventions were used to train patients in the use of aids to compensate for cognitive decline and caregivers in coping behaviors and supervision . , measured at baseline , 6 weeks , and 12 weeks , were patients ' and caregivers ' quality of life ( Dementia Quality of Life Instrument , Dqol ) , patients ' mood ( Cornell Scale for Depression , CSD ) , caregivers ' mood ( Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale , CES-D ) , patients ' and caregivers ' health status ( General Health Questionnaire , GHQ-12 ) , and caregivers ' sense of control over life ( Mastery Scale ) . on patients ' Dqol overall ( 0.8 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.6 -.1 , effect size 1.3 ) and caregivers ' Dqol overall ( 0.7 ; 95 % CI , 0.5 -.9 , effect size 1.2 ) was significantly better in the intervention group as compared to controls . on other outcome measures also improved significantly . improvement was still significant at 12 weeks . occupational therapy should be advocated both for dementia patients and their caregivers , because it improves their mood , quality of life , and health status and caregivers ' sense of control over life . were still present at follow-up ."
3501,Abstract #3501,"depressive disorder ( MDD ) occurs in 15 % to 23 % of patients with acute coronary syndromes and constitutes an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality . , no published evidence exists that antidepressant drugs are safe or efficacious in patients with unstable ischemic heart disease . evaluate the safety and efficacy of sertraline treatment of MDD in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) or unstable angina and free of other life-threatening medical conditions . , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial conducted in 40 outpatient cardiology centers and psychiatry clinics in the United States , Europe , Canada , and Australia . began in April 1997 and follow-up ended in April 2001 . total of 369 patients with MDD ( 64 % male ; mean age , 57.1 years ; mean 17-item Hamilton Depression [ HAM-D ] score , 19.6 ; MI , 74 % ; unstable angina , 26 % ) . a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in , patients were randomly assigned to receive sertraline in flexible dosages of 50 to 200 mg/d ( n = 186 ) or placebo ( n = 183 ) for 24 weeks . primary ( safety ) outcome measure was change from baseline in left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) ; secondary measures included surrogate cardiac measures and cardiovascular adverse events , as well as scores on the HAM-D scale and Clinical Global Impression Improvement scale ( CGI-I ) in the total randomized sample , in a group with any prior history of MDD , and in a more severe MDD subgroup defined a priori by a HAM-D score of at least 18 and history of 2 or more prior episodes of MDD . had no significant effect on mean ( SD ) LVEF ( sertraline : baseline , 54 % [ 10 % ] ; week 16 , 54 % [ 11 % ] ; placebo : baseline , 52 % [ 13 % ] ; week 16 , 53 % [ 13 % ] ) , treatment-emergent increase in ventricular premature complex ( VPC ) runs ( sertraline : 13.1 % ; placebo : 12.9 % ) , QTc interval greater than 450 milliseconds at end point ( sertraline : 12 % ; placebo : 13 % ) , or other cardiac measures . comparisons were statistically nonsignificant ( P > or = .05 ) . incidence of severe cardiovascular adverse events was 14.5 % with sertraline and 22.4 % with placebo . the total randomized sample , the CGI-I ( P = .049 ) , but not the HAM-D ( P = .14 ) , favored sertraline . CGI-I responder rates for sertraline were significantly higher than for placebo in the total sample ( 67 % vs 53 % ; P = .01 ) , in the group with at least 1 prior episode of depression ( 72 % vs 51 % ; P = .003 ) , and in the more severe MDD group ( 78 % vs 45 % ; P = .001 ) . the latter 2 groups , both CGI-I and HAM-D measures were significantly better in those assigned to sertraline . results suggest that sertraline is a safe and effective treatment for recurrent depression in patients with recent MI or unstable angina and without other life-threatening medical conditions ."
3502,Abstract #3502,"determine the efficacy and safety of a gastric-retentive , extended-release gabapentin ( gabapentin ER ) taken once or twice daily for treatment of postherpetic neuralgia . an enrichment design , a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study was conducted in 158 patients who had experienced pain for at least 3 months after healing of acute herpes zoster skin rash and who had a baseline average daily pain ( ADP ) score of > or = 4 on a 0 to 10 Numerical Rating Scale . received gabapentin ER either once daily ( 1800 mg PM ) or twice daily ( 600 mg AM , 1200 mg PM ) or placebo for 4 weeks . measures included changes from baseline to end point in ADP score and average daily sleep interference score . ( SEM ) changes for ADP score were -1.93 ( 0.28 ) , -2.24 ( 0.29 ) , and -1.29 ( 0.29 ) in the gabapentin ER once daily , twice daily , and placebo groups , respectively ( P = 0.089 and 0.014 for gabapentin ER once daily and twice daily , respectively , vs. placebo ) , with 25.5 % , 28.8 % , and 11.8 % of patients , respectively , reporting > or = 50 % decrease from baseline in ADP score . ( SEM ) changes in sleep interference scores were -1.94 ( 0.30 ) , -2.28 ( 0.30 ) , and -1.16 ( 0.30 ) , respectively ( P = 0.048 and 0.006 for gabapentin ER once daily and twice daily , respectively , vs. placebo ) . adverse events in the gabapentin ER once daily , twice daily , and placebo groups , respectively , were dizziness ( 22.2 % , 11.3 % , and 9.8 % ) and somnolence ( 9.3 % , 7.5 % , and 7.8 % ) . ER administered twice daily is effective and safe for the treatment of pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia ."
3503,Abstract #3503,"mothers are important to reach with physical activity promotion . study pilot tested `` Moms on the Move , '' a Transtheoretical Model ( TTM ) - derived physical activity ( PA ) intervention for low-income mothers enrolled in the Women , Infants , and Children ( WIC ) program . mothers ( N = 44 ) were randomized to ( a ) . on the Move ( PA intervention ) or ( b ) . on self-breast examination ( control ) . - and posttest measurement ( baseline and 2 weeks after the 8-week interventions ) included ( a ) . of PA behavior change , ( b ) . behavior , ( c ) . TTM constructs , and ( d ) . support . - and postdifference scores , chi-square , and one-way analyses of variance ( ANOVAs ) were used . experimental group progressed in stage of change more than control , chi2 ( 1 , N = 44 ) = 20.50 , p < .001 . experimental group had greater PA behavior : weekly minutes of PA , F ( 1 , 42 ) = 46.85 , p < .001 ; daily energy expenditure ( EE ) , F ( 1 , 42 ) = 23.01 , p < .001 ; and weekly moderate PA EE , F ( 1 , 42 ) = 32.63 , p < .001 . subgroup ( n = 11 ) step counts increased pre-post , t ( 10 ) = 6.16 , p < .001 . ANOVA showed that the experimental group had greater improvements in all TTM constructs and social support , ps < .001 . mothers are at risk for sedentary living and have not been targeted for PA behavior change using a provider-counseled approach . further testing is needed , Moms on the Move appears to be efficacious ."
3504,Abstract #3504,"suggests that breathing and relaxation therapy may influence cardiac events in persons after acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) . authors studied the effects of breathing and relaxation therapy on rates of cardiac events and cost effectiveness in past MI patients . ( n = 156 ) were chosen randomly to receive either exercise training plus relaxation therapy ( relaxation group ; n = 76 ) or exercise training only ( control group ; n = 80 ) . occurrence of major cardiac events and cardiac rehospitalizations in the two treatment groups was compared . 5-year follow-up , 12 cardiac deaths had occurred , 5 in the relaxation group and 7 in the control group , reinfarction occurred in 10 and 12 patients , and cardiac surgery was performed in 2 and 11 , respectively . total , 15 ( 20 % ) and 26 ( 33 % ) patients , respectively , experienced at least one cardiac event ( odds ratio [ OR ] for the relaxation group : 0.55 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.29-1 .05 ; adjusted for risk factors OR 0.52 , 95 % CI 0.28-0 .99 ) . all cardiac rehospitalizations , in the relaxation group , 30 patients ( 39 % ) had experienced 52 cardiac events , for which the patients were hospitalized for a total of 476 days . the control group , 38 patients ( 48 % ) had experienced 78 cardiac events ( OR 0.72 ; 95 % CI 0.38-1 .36 ) , comprising 719 days of hospitalization . total number of hospitalizations was reduced by 31 % as a result of relaxation instruction . the long-term , the disease course after myocardial infarction is influenced favorably by giving relaxation therapy in addition to cardiac rehabilitation . extra costs of the therapy are compensated by a decrease in hospitalization for cardiac problems ."
3505,Abstract #3505,"test equivalence between two different cephalonium dry-cow therapy ( DCT ) products with regard to the incidence of bacteriological cure of existing infections of quarters , the incidence of new intramammary infections ( IMI ) from 2-5 days postpartum and the incidence of clinical mastitis from drying-off to 21 days postpartum . cows ( n = 1,570 ) on four commercial dairy farms in Southland were eligible for inclusion . analysis using a variance inflation factor indicated a required minimum of 2,101 quarters per treatment group . were blocked by herd , parity , previous history of mastitis and most recent somatic cell count ( SCC ) , and then randomly allocated to either of two cephalonium treatments at the cow level , viz the treatment group ( new formulation cephalonium ) or the positive control group ( existing reference formulation cephalonium ) . quarters within a cow were assigned the same treatment . collected from all quarters with a SCC 500,000 cells/mL at drying-off , and those with a positive culture postpartum were cultured , as well as samples from all quarters collected between 2-5 days postpartum . cases of mastitis were recorded and sampled for culture . risk of quarter-level incidence of bacteriological cure , IMI and clinical mastitis was modelled using a GLM and generalised estimating equation ( GEE ) , including the effects of treatment group , age , farm , udder-health status at drying-off and length of dry period . 829 infected quarters , the estimated incidence of bacteriological cure for all pathogens was 78.0 ( 95 % CI = 64.3-91 .6 ) % for the treatment group and 75.7 ( 95 % CI = 61.6-89 .8 ) % for the positive control group ( p = 0.71 ) . of cure varied with the farm ( p = 0.001 ) , type of pathogen pre-treatment ( p = 0.009 ) and log ( 10 ) SCC at drying-off ( p < 0.001 ) . 4,530 quarters , the estimated incidence of new IMI , with any pathogen , for treatment and positive control groups was 16.1 ( 95 % CI = 13.1-19 .7 ) % and 16.0 ( 95 % CI = 13.0-19 .5 ) % respectively ( p = 0.91 ) . of IMI varied with farm ( p < 0.001 ) , pathogen and SCC status before treatment ( p < 0.001 ) , and length of the dry period ( in days ) ( p < 0.001 ) . 5,136 quarters , the estimated incidence of clinical mastitis was 1.0 ( 95 % CI = 0.5-1 .7 ) % in the treatment group and 1.1 ( 95 % CI = 0.6-2 .0 ) % in the positive control group ( p = 0.64 ) . of the two different cephalonium products at drying-off in four dairy herds in Southland resulted in equivalence with respect to incidence of bacteriological cure of existing infections , incidence of new IMI postpartum , and incidence of clinical mastitis in early lactation ."
3506,Abstract #3506,"use of corticosteroids in the management of thrombocytopenia in dengue fever remains untested . test whether intravenous low dose dexamethasone is efficacious in increasing platelet count in acute severe thrombocytopenia in dengue infection . undertook a placebo controlled study at the Teaching Hospital , Peradeniya , Sri Lanka in July 2004 . with thrombocytopenia ( platelet count < 50x10 ( 9 ) / l ) were allocated to the treatment and placebo groups using the sealed envelop method . treatment group received an initial intravenous dose of 4 mg dexamethasone , followed by 2 mg doses every 8 h for 24 h , and the placebo group received normal saline . primary outcome was the degree of mean platelet count rise . group comprised 100 patients and their baseline data and other variables ( headaches , nausea , flush , temperature , pulse , blood pressure , haematocrit , white cell count and haemoglobin ) were similar . primary outcome -- mean platelet count ( x10 ( 9 ) / l ) -- increased steadily in both groups from day 1 to 4 and showed no significant difference between the two groups ( p > 0.05 ) : day 1 , 35 vs 35 ( p = 0.70 ) ; day 2 , 47 vs 43 ( p = 0.19 ) ; day 3 , 64 vs 59 ( p = 0.31 ) ; day 4 , 72 vs 78 ( p = 0.55 ) . of variance ( ANOVA ) statistics showed a significant linear association of mean platelet counts by days in either group ( p < 0.001 ) . analysis identified the day of the illness and patient age as the independent predictors of platelet count change . a low dose regimen , dexamethasone was not effective in achieving a higher rise of platelet count in dengue infection ."
3507,Abstract #3507,"neoplastic disease progression is characterized by specific energy metabolism alterations and by symptoms including fatigue , anorexia , nausea , anemia , and immunodepression , which result in a cachexia syndrome and a marked decrease in patient quality of life ( QoL ) . protocols associated with appropriate and effective psychological and social support systems are essential to counteract the symptoms of neoplastic disease in incurable patients . phase III randomized study was performed to establish the most effective and safest treatment to improve the key symptoms in advanced gynecological cancer patients , i.e. , lean body mass ( LBM ) , resting energy expenditure ( REE ) , fatigue , and QoL . addition , the impact of the treatment arms on the main metabolic and inflammatory parameters , including C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin ( IL ) -6 , tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) - , leptin , reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , and glutathione peroxidase , was evaluated . change in the Glasgow Prognostic Score ( GPS ) during treatment was also assessed . total of 104 advanced-stage gynecological cancer patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either megestrol acetate ( MA ) plus l-carnitine , celecoxib , and antioxidants ( arm 1 ) or MA alone ( arm 2 ) . treatment duration was 4 months . combination arm was more effective than arm 2 with respect to LBM , REE , fatigue , and global QoL . for the secondary efficacy endpoints , patient appetite increased , and ECOG PS decreased significantly in both arms . inflammation and oxidative stress parameters IL-6 , TNF - , CRP , and ROS decreased significantly in arm 1 , while no significant change was observed in arm 2 . combined treatment improved both immunometabolic alterations and patient QoL . therapies for cachexia ideally should be introduced within a context of `` best supportive care '' that includes optimal symptom management and careful psychosocial counseling ."
3508,Abstract #3508,"agitated patients with schizophrenia who receive intramuscular ( IM ) medications typically are switched to oral ( PO ) antipsychotic maintenance therapy . goal of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of olanzapine versus those of haloperidol during transition from IM to PO therapy . used additional data from a previously reported trial to test the hypothesis that the reduction in agitation achieved by IM olanzapine 10 mg or IM haloperidol 7.5 mg would be maintained following transition to 4 days of PO olanzapine or PO haloperidol ( 5-20 mg/d for both ) . also hypothesized that olanzapine would maintain its more favorable extrapyramidal symptom ( EPS ) safety profile . was a multinational ( hospitals in 13 countries ) , double-blind , randomized , controlled trial . agitated inpatients with schizophrenia were treated with 1 to 3 IM injections to olanzapine 10 mg or haloperidol 7.5 mg over 24 hours and were entered into a 4-day PO treatment period with the same medication ( 5-20 mg/d for both ) . primary efficacy measurement was reduction in agitation , as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component ( PANSS-EC ) score . events and scores on EPS rating scales were assessed . total of 311 patients ( 204 men , 107 women ; mean [ SD ] age , 38.2 [ 11.6 ] years ) were enrolled ( 131 , 126 , and 54 patients in the olanzapine , haloperidol , and placebo groups , respectively ) . all , 93.1 % ( 122/131 ) of olanzapine-treated patients and 92.1 % ( 116/126 ) of haloperidol-treated patients completed the IM period and entered the PO period ; 85.5 % ( 112/131 ) of olanzapine-treated patients and 84.1 % ( 106/126 ) of haloperidol-treated patients completed the PO period . olanzapine and IM haloperidol effectively reduced agitation over 24 hours ( mean [ SD ] PANSS-EC change , -7.1 [ 4.81 vs -6.7 [ 4.3 ] , respectively ) . in agitation were sustained throughout the PO period with both study drugs ( mean [ SD ] change from PO period baseline , -0.6 [ 4.8 ] vs -1.3 [ 4.4 ] , respectively ) . PO treatment , haloperidol-treated patients spontaneously reported significantly more acute dystonia than olanzapine-treated patients ( 4.3 % [ 5/116 ] vs 0 % [ 0/122 ] , respectively ; P = 0.026 ) and akathisia ( 5.2 % [ 6/116 ] vs 0 % [ 0/122 ] , respectively ; P = 0.013 ) . more haloperidol-treated patients than olanzapine-treated patients met categorical criteria for treatment-emergent akathisia ( 18.5 % [ 17/92 ] vs 6.5 % [ 7/107 ] , respectively ; P = 0.015 ) . the acutely agitated patients with schizophrenia in this study , both IM olanzapine 10 mg and IM haloperidol 7.5 mg effectively reduced agitation over 24 hours . alleviation of agitation was sustained following transition from IM therapy to 4 days of PO treatment ( 5-20 mg/d for both ) . the 4 days of PO treatment , olanzapine-treated patients did not spontaneously report any incidences of acute dystonia , and olanzapine had a superior EPS safety profile to that of haloperidol . combination of IM and PO olanzapine may help improve the treatment of acutely agitated patients with schizophrenia ."
3509,Abstract #3509,"a randomized clinical trial ( European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer [ EORTC ] no. 40813 ) on adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer , results obtained after administration of the FAM2 regimen ( fluorouracil [ 5-FU ] , doxorubicin , and mitomycin ) were compared with results obtained after surgery alone to assess the effect of this regimen on overall survival , time to progression , and disease-free interval . hundred fourteen patients who had undergone curative resection for stage II or stage III ( International Union Against Cancer [ UICC ] 1978 ) gastric adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive chemotherapy ( treatment arm ) or no further treatment ( control arm ) . chemotherapy schedule was repeated every 43 days for seven cycles . log-rank test and the Cox model were used for statistical analysis . 314 patients , 159 comprised the control group and 155 the FAM2 group . FAM2 patients never received chemotherapy . median number of cycles was five . the patients started on adjuvant treatment , severe hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity ( grades 3 or 4 , World Health Organization [ WHO ] scale ) occurred , respectively , in 6 % to 9 % and in 1 % to 29 % of cases . overall 5-year survival rate was 70 % for stage II and 32 % for stage III patients . statistically significant difference was found between overall survival of the two treatment arms ( P = .295 ) . , time to progression was significantly delayed in the FAM2 arm ( P = .020 ) and disease-free survival showed borderline significance ( P = .068 ) . , in view of its high toxicity , can not be advocated as standard adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer . clinical trials using more active , less toxic regimens are required to demonstrate whether adjuvant chemotherapy provides any real benefit ."
3510,Abstract #3510,"determine which intraosseous ( IO ) devices were easy to learn to use , easy to use once the skill was obtained , and appropriate for the Special Operations environment . Navy SEAL corpsmen , Air Force pararescuemen , Army Special Forces , and Ranger medics , in a prospective , randomly assigned , cross-over study , tested four commercially available , Food and Drug Administration-cleared IO devices . systems included the injection models First Access for Shock and Trauma ( FAST , Pyng Medical ) and Bone Injection Gun ( Wais Medical , Kress USA Corporation ) and the hand-driven threaded-needle SurFast ( Cook Critical Care ) and straight-needle Jamshidi needle ( Baxter ) models . Special Operations medical care providers received a lecture regarding IO use , viewed videotapes of the injection models , and practiced with demonstration units in the classroom . participant then entered the cadaver lab where all four of the IO devices were placed in randomly assigned order . poststudy questionnaire was then completed . FAST was placed in the sternum , whereas the other units were placed in either medial proximal or distal medial tibia . participant was assessed for time , number of attempts , and success . presence of marrow , extravasation , quality of flow , and security of needle were evaluated in combination to help determine success . four devices were believed to be easy to learn as well as easy to place . was successful in 29 of 30 insertions ( 94 % ) with a placement time of 114 + / - 36 ( mean + / - SD ) seconds . Bone Injection Gun was similarly successful ( 29 of 31 insertions , 94 % ) with a mean placement time of 70 + / - 33 seconds . time was statistically significantly faster ( p < 0.05 ) than that with FAST , but not with the other devices . of 31 SurFast placements ( 97 % ) were successful , on average taking 88 + / - 33 seconds to place . Jamshidi needle also had 30 of 31 successful placements ( 97 % ) at an average 90 + / - 59 seconds . one device was rated by the participants as significantly better than the others ; however , the Bone Injection Gun did have 65 % of participants rate it as first or second ( closest was Jamshidi needle at 52 % ) . IO devices were easy to teach and learn as well as easy to use . times compared favorably with peripheral intravenous catheter placement in the face of hemorrhage . four devices can be appropriately used in the Special Operations environment and are reasonable alternatives when intravenous access can not be gained . no device was rated higher than the others , particular features are desirable ( low weight/size , simplicity , reusability , secure , clean , well protected ) ."
3511,Abstract #3511,"Cockroft-Gault formula was shown to systematically overestimate the decline in creatinine excretion with age in continuous peritoneal dialysis ( CPD ) patients and is , therefore , not suitable for studying creatinine excretion . purpose of the present study was to develop and test a population-specific formula predicting average creatinine excretion in CPD . excretion in urine plus dialysate was measured in 925 CPD patients . patients were excluded because of evidence of noncompliance . remaining 885 subjects were randomly grouped into a derivation group ( n = 432 ) and a validation group ( n = 453 ) . multiple linear regression models were used to predict creatinine excretion in the derivation group . candidate variables , chosen because they were previously shown to be predictors of creatinine excretion in CPD , included weight ( W ) , age ( A ) , gender ( G ) , diabetes ( D ) , and interaction terms between these four variables . of creatinine excretion from the best-fit regression formula ( CrExcr1 ) and from the Cockroft-Gault formula ( CrExcr2 ) were compared to creatinine excretion ( CrExcr ) in the validation group . best-fit regression model in the derivation group included all four candidate variables ( W , A , G , D ) , but no interaction terms . model was as follows : CrExcr1 = 302.150 - 4.380 A + 171.234 G - 39.041 D + 11.730 W ( r2 = 0.477 , p < 0.001 ) . the validation set , CrExcr = -15.795 + 0.988 CrExcr1 ( r2 = 0.447 , p < 0.001 ) , and CrExcr = -303.823 + 0.732 CrExcr2 ( r2 = 0.340 , p < 0.001 ) . the differences between measured and predicted creatinine excretion did not take into account the sign of each individual difference , CrExcr - CrExcr1 = 201 + / - 156 mg/24 hours , and CrExcr - CrExcr2 = 235 + / - 174 mg/24 hr ( p < 0.001 ) in the validation group . the sign of the difference was taken into account , CrExcr - CrExcr1 = -28 + / - 149 mg/24 hr , and CrExcr - CrExcr2 = 63 + / - 295 mg/24 hr ( p < 0.001 ) . population-specific formula predicting creatinine excretion in CPD was derived . formula has greater accuracy than the Cockroft-Gault formula and can be used in studies of creatinine excretion in CPD ."
3512,Abstract #3512,"evaluated the effects of cognitive speed of processing training ( SOPT ) on the development of additional Instrumental Activities of Daily Living ( IADL ) difficulties and the reduction of depressive symptoms in the Iowa Healthy and Active Minds Study ( IHAMS ) . hundred eighty-one patients were randomized to 4 groups : 10 hr of on-site SOPT , 10 hr of on-site SOPT plus 4 hr of boosters , 10 hr of at-home SOPT , or 10 hr of on-site attention-control ( crossword puzzles ) . additional difficulties with IADLs and reductions in depressive symptoms 1 year later were evaluated using multiple logistic regression . on-site SOPT with boosters group had reduced odds of developing additional difficulties with IADLs ( adjusted odds ratio [ AOR ] = 0.45 , p = .044 ) compared with attention-controls . on-site SOPT with boosters group also had increased odds of reduced depressive symptom levels ( AOR = 2.93 , p = .003 ) compared with attention-controls . findings provide evidence that SOPT transfers beyond the cognitive skills trained to meaningful downstream improvements in the lives of middle-aged and older adults ."
3513,Abstract #3513,"presurgical preparation and long-term support of nonoperable dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts ( CPSS ) require optimal dietary management . suggested that protein source may play an important role , with vegetable and dairy protein sources having better effects on hepatic encephalopathy ( HE ) than meat proteins . whether a low-protein test diet with soy as its main protein source results in better scores than a control diet with the same composition but with poultry as its main protein source in dogs with CPSS . a double-blind cross-over study , 16 dogs received each diet for 4 weeks . in group T first received the test diet and then the control diet , whereas dogs in group C were fed the diets in the opposite order . variables ( body weight , body condition score , HE score , fecal score , CBC , plasma tests of liver function including NH3 , and coagulation tests ) were measured at the start of the study and after completion of each diet . repeated measures ANOVA was performed . NH3 was significantly lower after the test diet than after the control diet . test diet also resulted in significantly higher fibrinogen concentrations and lower prothrombin times . HE score improved with both diets , with no significant difference between the 2 diets . diets achieved a significant improvement in HE score . influence of the soy-based diet on plasma NH3 concentration and coagulation parameters suggests that such a diet decreases the risk for HE and gives better support of liver function ."
3514,Abstract #3514,"blockade of the renin-angiotensin system improves exercise tolerance in patients with left ventricular dysfunction , yet its impact on patients with systemic right ventricles ( RVs ) remains unknown . multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover clinical trial was performed to assess the effects of losartan on exercise capacity and neurohormonal levels in patients with systemic RVs . 29 patients studied ( age , 30.3 + / -10.9 years ) , 21 had transposition of the great arteries with a Mustard baffle , and 8 had congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries . values were as follows : VO2max , 29.8 + / -5.6 mL.kg ( -1 ) . ( -1 ) ( 73.5 + / -12.9 % predicted value ) ; RV ejection fraction , 41.6 + / -9.3 % ; N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) , 257.7 + / -243.4 pg/mL ( normal < 125 pg/mL ) ; and angiotensin II , 5.7 + / -4.9 pg/mL ( normal < 5.0 pg/mL ) . losartan to placebo showed no differences in VO2max ( 29.9 + / -5.4 versus 29.4 + / -6.2 mL.kg ( -1 ) . ( -1 ) ; P = 0.43 ) , exercise duration ( 632.3 + / -123.0 versus 629.9 + / -140.7 seconds ; P = 0.76 ) , and NT-proBNP levels ( 201.2 + / -267.8 versus 229.7 + / -291.5 pg/mL ; P = 0.10 ) , despite a trend toward increased angiotensin II levels ( 15.2 + / -13.8 versus 8.8 + / -12.5 pg/mL ; P = 0.08 ) . adults with systemic RVs , losartan did not improve exercise capacity or reduce NT-proBNP levels . baseline activation of the renin-angiotensin system may explain this lack of benefit and imply an alternative pathophysiological mechanism for the progressive ventricular dysfunction and impaired exercise capacity observed in such patients ."
3515,Abstract #3515,"observe the effect of electroacupuncture ( EA ) at different time-points after cervical carcinoma surgery on urinary bladder function of uroschesis patients so as to determine the optimum time of acupuncture intervention . cervical cancer post-operation patients with catheter due to uroschesis were randomly and equally divided into late treatment group ( acupuncture intervention was given from the over 15th day on after surgery ) and early treatment group ( acupuncture was given from the 7th day to the 14th day after surgery ) . Shangliao ( BL 31 ) , Ciliao ( BL 32 ) , Zhongliao ( BL 33 ) , Xialiao ( BL 34 ) , Zhibian ( BL 54 ) , Yinlingquan ( SP 9 ) and Sanyinjiao ( SP 6 ) were punctured with filiform needles combined with electrical stimulation of bilateral BL 31 and BL 34 for 30 min , once daily for 10 sessions . residual urine volume was measured before treatment and after 5 and 10 sessions of treatment separately . 5 and 10 sessions of treatment , the average residual urine volumes of both late treatment and early treatment groups were decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) , and the residual urine volume level of the early treatment group was markedly lower than that of the late treatment group ( P < 0.05 ) . 5 sessions of acupuncture treatment , of the two 30 cases in the late treatment and early treatment groups , 8 and 17 had an automatic micturition , 22 and 13 needed catheter retention , and following 10 sessions of treatment , 22 and 27 had an automatic micturition , and 8 and 3 still needed catheter retention , respectively . the functional recovery state of the urinary bladder , of the two 30 cases in the late treatment and early treatment groups , 6 and 14 were good , 24 and 16 poor respectively following 5 sessions of treatment ; 15 and 22 were good , 15 and 8 were poor respectively following 10 sessions of treatment . therapeutic effects of the early treatment group were apparently superior to those of the late treatment group . number of the treatment sessions for recovering the bladder function was obviously fewer in the early treatment group than in the late treatment group ( P < 0.05 ) . acupuncture intervention is significantly better than late treatment for reducing residual urine volume and promoting bladder function recovery for uroschesis patients undergoing cervical cancer operation ."
3516,Abstract #3516,"treated with radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer often experience voice problems . aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of voice rehabilitation for laryngeal cancer patients after having undergone radiation therapy and to investigate whether differences between different tumor localizations with regard to rehabilitation outcomes exist . male patients irradiated for laryngeal cancer participated . recordings and self-assessments of communicative dysfunction were performed 1 and 6 months after radiation therapy . patients were randomized to structured voice rehabilitation with a speech-language pathologist and 36 to a control group . , comparisons with 23 healthy control individuals were made . analyses were performed for all patients , including the healthy control individuals . Swedish version of the Self Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngeal Cancer and self-ratings of voice function were used to assess vocal and communicative function . patients who received vocal rehabilitation experienced improved self-rated vocal function after rehabilitation . with supraglottic tumors who received voice rehabilitation had statistically significant improvements in voice quality and self-rated vocal function , whereas the control group did not . rehabilitation for male patients with laryngeal cancer is efficacious regarding patient-reported outcome measurements . patients experienced better voice function after rehabilitation . with supraglottic tumors also showed an improvement in terms of acoustic voice outcomes . with a speech-language pathologist is recommended for laryngeal cancer patients after radiation therapy , particularly for patients with supraglottic tumors ."
3517,Abstract #3517,"of the pancreas is a relatively rare , but highly fatal cancer worldwide . smoking has been recognized as an important risk factor , but the relation to other potential determinants is still inconsistent . investigated the association between different lifestyle , biological and anthropometric factors and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a prospective population-based cohort study from Kaunas , Lithuania . study included 7132 urban men initially free from any diagnosed cancer , followed for up to 30 years . incident cases of pancreatic cancer were identified . proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios ( HR ) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals ( 95 % CI ) . to never smokers , current smokers had a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer , HR was 1.79 ( 95 % CI 1.03-3 .09 ) after adjustment for age , body mass index , education and alcohol consumption . smokers , a significant association with higher smoking intensity was shown ( 20 cigarettes/day : HR = 2.60 ; 95 % CI 1.42-4 .76 , P ( trend ) = 0.046 ) . also observed a significantly increased risk for 30 pack-years of smoking ( HR = 2.24 ; 95 % CI 1.12-4 .49 , P ( trend ) = 0.16 ) and for age at starting smoking < 18 years ( HR = 2.29 ; 95 % CI 1.11-4 .70 , P ( trend ) = 0.43 ) as compared to never smokers . consumption , body mass index and total cholesterol level were not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer . significantly increases pancreatic cancer incidence and its high prevalence in Lithuania may partly explain high incidence of the disease . convincing evidence was found that alcohol consumption , body mass index or serum cholesterol level were associated with pancreatic cancer risk , although the assessment was limited by the lack of statistical power ."
3518,Abstract #3518,"compare neonatal results from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) who were treated with insulin , glyburide and acarbose . patients diagnosed with GDM who needed therapy to complement diet and physical activities were included in the study . group was assigned to insulin therapy ( n = 27 ) , a second group was assigned to glyburide therapy ( n = 24 ) and a third group was assigned to acarbose therapy ( n = 19 ) . characteristics were similar in the three groups . control was not achieved in five ( 20.8 % ) of the patients using glyburide and in eight ( 42.1 % ) of patients using acarbose . statistical difference was observed in fasting and post-prandial glucose levels or in average newborn weight in the three groups . rate of large for gestational age ( LGA ) fetuses was 3.7 , 25 and 10.5 % in the groups treated with insulin , glyburide and acarbose , respectively . hypoglycemia was observed in eight newborns , six of which from the glyburide group . believe that glyburide and acarbose can be promising alternative therapies for the treatment of GDM . controlled glucose levels in most patients and it was more efficient than acarbose . showed a higher rate of macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia as compared to other therapies ."
3519,Abstract #3519,"( PSE ) is a readily available over-the-counter nasal decongestant which is structurally similar to amphetamine and is included on the International Olympic Committee 's list of banned substances . to date , little research has supported its putative ergogenic effect . study investigated whether a 180 mg dose of PSE ingested 45 min prior to exercise enhanced short-term maximal exercise performance and/or altered related physiological variables . randomised , double-blind , crossover study in 22 healthy male athletes . torque ( mean + / - s.d. , n = 22 ) produced in an isometric knee extension exercise was 321.1 + / -62.0 Nm ( PSE ) and 295.7 + / -72.4 Nm ( placebo ) , and peak power obtained on the ` all-out ' 30 s cycle test was 1262.5 + / -48.5 W ( PSE ) and 1228.4 + / -47.1 W ( placebo ) ( P < 0.01 , P < 0.03 , respectively ) . were estimated to be producing 96.9 + / -2.4 % of their maximal possible isometric leg extension force after PSE ingestion , but only 95.3 + / -2.4 % when PSE was not ingested . press tasks and total work during the cycle test were not affected by the ingestion of PSE . function was altered following ingestion of PSE ( P < 0.05 ) with FEV1 and FVC significantly increased ( P < 0.02 , P < 0.01 , respectively ) although the FEV1/FVC ratio was not altered . rate was significantly elevated by the ingestion of PSE immediately following the 30 s cycle sprint ( P < 0.01 ) however , lactate concentration was not altered by the ingestion of PSE . administration of a 180 mg dose of PSE increased maximum torque , produced in an isometric knee extension and produced an improvement in peak power during maximal cycle performance , as well as improving lung function ."
3520,Abstract #3520,"students in the Dresden Medical School Programme undergo a 6 week course ` Basics of Drug Therapy ' in a problem-based learning curriculum . part of this course a practical seminar about antiarrhythmic drugs and ECG was set up . study was conducted to evaluate the use of a simulator in this course . total of 234 students were randomly allocated to receive instructions with ( Group S ) or without ( Group C [ control ] ) the use of a simulator . a lecture on antiarrhythmic drugs , arrhythmias were presented to Group S using an advanced life support ( ALS ) manikin . students were asked to administer a drug or to defibrillate , and the outcome was shown on the monitor . students in Group C were presented with ECG charts without a simulator . course was evaluated by a questionnaire and multiple-choice questions ( MCQ ) about arrhythmias . received 222 questionnaires . content-time ratio was rated almost perfect in both groups , but the students in Group S rated the course better suited to link theory and practice . in Group S considered the simulator helpful and a good tool for teaching , and the extra effort to be worthwhile . significantly higher number of students in Group S preferred electric cardioversion as therapy for ventricular tachycardia . ALS manikin can be an effective tool in teaching clinical pharmacology ."
3521,Abstract #3521,"greatest prevalence of asthma is in preschool children ; however , the clinical utility of asthma therapy for this age group is limited by a narrow therapeutic index , long-term tolerability , and frequency and/or difficulty of administration . corticosteroids and inhaled cromolyn are the most commonly prescribed controller therapies for young children with persistent asthma , although very young patients may have difficulty using inhalers , and dose delivery can be variable . , reduced compliance with inhaled therapy relative to orally administered therapy has been reported . potential advantage of montelukast is the ease of administering a once-daily chewable tablet ; additionally , no tachyphylaxis or change in the safety profile has been evidenced after up to 140 and 80 weeks of montelukast therapy in adults and pediatric patients aged 6 to 14 years , respectively . our knowledge , this represents the first large , multicenter study to address the effects of a leukotriene receptor antagonist in children younger than 5 years of age with persistent asthma , as well as one of the few asthma studies that incorporated end points validated for use in preschool children . primary objective was to determine the safety profile of montelukast , an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist , in preschool children with persistent asthma . , the effect of montelukast on exploratory measures of asthma control was also studied . AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : We conducted a double-blind , multicenter , multinational study at 93 centers worldwide : including 56 in the United States , and 21 in countries in Africa , Australia , Europe , North America , and South America . this study , we randomly assigned 689 patients ( aged 2-5 years ) to 12 weeks of treatment with placebo ( 228 patients ) or 4 mg of montelukast as a chewable tablet ( 461 patients ) after a 2-week placebo baseline period . had a history of physician-diagnosed asthma requiring use of beta-agonist and a predefined level of daytime asthma symptoms . answered questions twice daily on a validated , asthma-specific diary card and , at specified times during the study , completed a validated asthma-specific quality-of-life questionnaire . and caregivers completed a global evaluation of asthma control at the end of the study . end points included : daytime and overnight asthma symptoms , daily use of beta-agonist , days without asthma , frequency of asthma attacks , number of patients discontinued because of asthma , need for rescue medication , physician and caregiver global evaluations of change , asthma-specific caregiver quality of life , and peripheral blood eosinophil counts . exploratory , the efficacy end points were predefined and their analyses were written in a data analysis plan before study unblinding . screening and at study completion , a complete physical examination was performed . laboratory tests were drawn at screening and weeks 6 and 12 , and submitted to a central laboratory for analysis . effects were collected from caregivers at each clinic visit . intention-to-treat approach , including all patients with a baseline measurement and at least 1 postrandomization measurement , was performed for all efficacy end points . analysis-of-variance model with terms for treatment , study center and stratum ( inhaled/nebulized corticosteroid use , cromolyn use , or none ) was used to estimate treatment group means and between-group differences and to construct 95 % confidence intervals . , - sex , - race , - radioallergosorbent test , - stratum , and - study center interactions were evaluated by including each term separately . 's exact test was used for between-group comparisons of the frequency of asthma attacks , discontinuations from the study because of worsening asthma , need for rescue medication , and the frequencies of adverse effects . of an imbalance in baseline values for eosinophil counts for the 2 treatment groups , an analysis of covariance was performed on the eosinophil change from baseline with the patient 's baseline as covariate . the 689 patients enrolled , approximately 60 % were boys and 60 % were white . were relatively evenly divided by age : 21 % , 24 % , 30 % , and 23 % were aged 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 years , respectively . 77 % of the patients , asthma symptoms first developed during the first 3 years of life . the placebo baseline period , patients had asthma symptoms on 6.1 days/week and used beta-agonist on 6.0 days/week . over 12 weeks of treatment of patients aged 2 to 5 years , montelukast administered as a 4-mg chewable tablet produced significant improvements compared with placebo in multiple parameters of asthma control including : daytime asthma symptoms ( cough , wheeze , trouble breathing , and activity limitation ) ; overnight asthma symptoms ( cough ) ; the percentage of days with asthma symptoms ; the percentage of days without asthma ; the need for beta-agonist or oral corticosteroids ; physician global evaluations ; and peripheral blood eosinophils . clinical benefit of montelukast was evident within 1 day of starting therapy . in asthma control were consistent across age , sex , race , and study center , and whether or not patients had a positive radioallergosorbent test . demonstrated a consistent effect regardless of concomitant use of inhaled/nebulized corticosteroid or cromolyn therapy . global evaluations , the percentage of patients experiencing asthma attacks , and improvements in quality-of-life scores favored montelukast , but were not significantly different from placebo . were no clinically meaningful differences between treatment groups in overall frequency of adverse effects or of individual adverse effects , with the exception of asthma , which occurred significantly more frequently in the placebo group . were no significant differences between treatment groups in the frequency of laboratory adverse effects or in the frequency of elevated serum transaminase levels . 90 % of the patients completed the study . montelukast ( 4-mg chewable tablet ) administered once daily is effective therapy for asthma in children aged 2 to 5 years and is generally well tolerated without clinically important adverse effects . , in adults and children aged 6 to 14 years , montelukast improves multiple parameters of asthma control . , this study confirms and extends the benefit of montelukast to younger children with persistent asthma ."
3522,Abstract #3522,"cross-sectional study tested the hypothesis that treatment with the combination of Ezetimibe/Simvastatin ( Vytorin ) leads to broader changes in the expression levels of immunomodulatory genes as compared to Simvastatin monotherapy . 's GenomeStudio gene expression module was used to compare gene profiles of Vytorin and Simvastatin in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 20 hypercholesterolemic subjects . characteristics of the immunomodulatory genes , which were altered by Vytorin , differed from those genes which were altered by Simvastatin . mostly altered the expression levels of genes related to inflammation/oxidative stress ; it downregulated the NF-KappaB and upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine , IL-10 , and anti-oxidant enzymes , GPX1 and SOD2 , but also upregulated the expression levels of genes involved in cellular activation , adhesion , and coagulation cascade , including VWF , F7 , PF4 , PF4V1 SELP , ITGB3 , ITGB5 . mostly altered the expression levels of genes related to cellular apoptosis/proliferation . upregulated the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes APAF1 , BAX , IER3 , and CSF1R , and downregulated the expression levels of genes related to cellular proliferation , including PTN and CD69 . with Vytorin combination therapy modulated lipid profile and serum levels of the C-reactive protein more effectively , than treatment with Simvastatin monotherapy . nature of the pleiotropic effects may play a role in Vytorin 's and Simvastatin 's clinical efficacies ."
3523,Abstract #3523,"data suggested that simulation practice using an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) mechanical simulator ( EMS ) improved trainees ' skill . aims of the current study were to confirm the impact of coached EMS practice at the beginning of ERCP training and to investigate whether subsequent uncoached EMS practice provides additional benefit . entering ERCP training in 2008 ( n = 8 ) and 2009 ( n = 8 ) at two referral medical centers were randomized to receive a coached EMS practice either with ( 2009 ) or without ( 2008 ) subsequent uncoached practices or only routine training ( controls ) . outcome measures were successful deep biliary cannulation by the trainee and overall performance score as rated by blinded trainers , during the subsequent 3 months of clinical practice . undergoing single and multiple EMS practices were more likely than controls to achieve successful biliary cannulation ( single : adjusted odds ratio [ aOR ] 2.89 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 2.21 - 3.80 [ P < 0.001 ] ; multiple : 3.09 , 95 % CI 1.13 - 8.46 [ P = 0.028 ] ) and to have superior overall performance scores ( aOR 3.29 , 95 % CI 1.37 - 7.91 [ P = 0.008 ] and 6.92 , 95 % CI 3.77 - 12.69 [ P < 0.001 ] , respectively ) . benefit of single and multiple EMS practices on overall performance score remained significant after adjustment for success or failure of deep biliary cannulation ( aOR 2.98 , 95 % CI 1.38 - 6.43 [ P = 0.005 ] and 6.09 , 95 % CI 2.40 - 15.45 [ P < 0.001 ] , respectively ) . benefits of single vs. multiple EMS practices were not statistically different . simulation using EMS improved novice trainees ' success of biliary cannulation and overall ERCP performance . uncoached practices did not appear to provide further benefit . should undergo a coached EMS practice at the beginning of ERCP training ."
3524,Abstract #3524,"determine if nasogastric tube administration of the enteric-coated pellets from an opened esomeprazole capsule provides bioavailability similar to oral dosing with the intact capsule . randomized , single-centre , open-label , two-period crossover pharmacokinetic study consisting of two 5-day dosing periods separated by a 7 - to 14-day washout period was conducted . subjects between the ages of 18 and 50 years received esomeprazole 40 mg once daily either orally as an intact capsule , or as a suspension of the enteric-coated pellets from an opened capsule in water through a nasogastric tube . 47 evaluable subjects , the 90 % confidence intervals were 0.87-1 .08 and 0.93-1 .25 for the geometric mean of the ratio of nasogastric tube administration relative to administration of the intact capsule for the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and for maximum plasma concentration , respectively , on day 1 , demonstrating bioequivalence . and nasogastric administration also demonstrated similar bioavailabilities on day 5 . was well tolerated regardless of the mode of administration . tube administration of the enteric-coated pellets from an opened esomeprazole 40 mg capsule provides bioavailability similar to oral dosing . of the contents of an opened esomeprazole 40 mg capsule in water through a nasogastric tube is a practical alternative for patients with feeding tubes who require effective gastric acid suppression , but can not swallow an oral preparation ."
3525,Abstract #3525,"have reported , in a randomized , controlled study , that tegafur-uracil ( UFT ) and protein-bound polysaccharide K ( PSK ) combination therapy significantly improves the 5-year disease-free survival rate and reduces the risk of recurrence compared to UFT alone for Stage II or III colorectal cancer . this study , we examined the efficacy of PSK by stratifying patients according to the preoperative lymphocyte ratio ( Lym ) . a randomized , controlled study , 205 patients were eligible ( 137 in the UFT/PSK group and 68 in the UFT group ) . these , 193 patients with available preoperative Lym data were analysed ( 131 in the UFT/PSK group and 62 in the UFT group ) . patients with a preoperative Lym of < 35 % , the relapse-free survival ( RFS ) rate was 76.5 % in the UFT/PSK group and 55.8 % in the UFT group ( p = 0.008 ) . , in patients with a preoperative Lym of 35 % , the RFS rate did not differ between the 2 groups . , overall survival was significantly higher in the UFT/PSK group than in the UFT group in patients with a preoperative Lym of < 35 % , whereas no intergroup difference was found among patients with a preoperative Lym of 35 % . study suggests that a low preoperative Lym is a good predictor for response to PSK in patients with Stage II or III colorectal cancer ."
3526,Abstract #3526,"class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ( ChEI ) , including donepezil , rivastigmine , and galantamine , have similar efficacy profiles in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . , few studies have evaluated adherence to these agents . sought to prospectively capture the rates and reasons for nonadherence to ChEI and determine factors influencing tolerability and adherence . designed a pragmatic randomized clinical trial to evaluate the adherence to ChEIs among older adults with AD . include AD patients receiving care within memory care practices in the greater Indianapolis area . will be followed at 6-week intervals up to 18 weeks to measure the primary outcome of ChEI discontinuation and adherence rates and secondary outcomes of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia . primary outcome will be assessed through two methods , a telephone interview of an informal caregiver and electronic medical record data captured from each healthcare system through a regional health information exchange . secondary outcome will be measured by the Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory . addition , the trial will conduct an exploratory evaluation of the pharmacogenomic signatures for the efficacy and the adverse effect responses to ChEIs . hypothesized that patient-specific factors , including pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetic characteristics , may influence the study outcomes . pragmatic trial will engage a diverse population from multiple memory care practices to evaluate the adherence to and tolerability of ChEIs in a real world setting . participants from multiple healthcare systems connected through a health information exchange will capture valuable clinical and non-clinical influences on the patterns of utilization and tolerability of a class of medications with a high rate of discontinuation . : NCT01362686 ."
3527,Abstract #3527,"management is an important objective in procedures involving dermal fillers composed of hyaluronic acid ( HA ) . compare the 1-year clinical results of filling the nasolabial fold with 2 types of filler : large-gel particle HA and large-gel particle HA plus 0.3 % lidocaine ( HA+L ) . compared the level of pain during treatment and 10 minutes after treatment and assessed the safety and efficacy profile , satisfaction , and histological findings ( using reflectance confocal microscopy [ RCM ] ) . performed a comparative , parallel-group , double-blind trial with an external observer ( blinded to the type of treatment administered ) . filler was applied to the nasolabial fold in 119 patients ( HA in 62 patients and HA+L in 57 ) . were followed at months 3 , 9 , and 12 . was evaluated using a visual analog scale . and satisfaction were evaluated using the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale . images ( n = 32 ) were taken at baseline and at months 3 and 12 . : The severity of pain was decreased in patients treated with HA+L on application ( P < .001 ) and 10 minutes later ( P = .008 ) . and satisfaction : No significant differences existed between the 2 groups at months 3 , 9 , and 12 . : Skin rejuvenation occurred with a 32 % increase in the height of the dermoepidermal junction at month 12 ( P < .001 ) , which was similar in both groups . events : At month 3 , the most common adverse events ( AEs ) were erythema ( 68 % ) and hematoma ( 11 % ) . AEs were recorded at months 9 or 12 . use of HA+L provides pain relief without affecting efficacy , satisfaction , safety , or the duration of results . showed that the changes in the dermoepidermal junction represented a histological improvement in the skin with similar results in both groups ."
3528,Abstract #3528,"eye movement sleep behavior disorder ( RBD ) is associated with neurodegenerative disease and particularly with the synucleinopathies . samples involving subjects with idiopathic RBD have suggested an increased risk of incident mild cognitive impairment ( MCI ) , dementia ( usually dementia with Lewy bodies ) , and Parkinson disease ( PD ) . are no data on such risks in a population-based sample . normal subjects aged 70 to 89 years in a population-based study of aging who screened positive for probable RBD using the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire were followed at 15-month intervals . a Cox proportional hazards model , we measured the risk of developing MCI , dementia , and PD among the exposed ( probable RBD [ pRBD ] ( + ) ) and unexposed ( pRBD ( - ) ) cohorts . subjects with pRBD ( + ) status at enrollment ( median duration of pRBD features was 7.5 years ) and 607 pRBD ( - ) subjects were followed prospectively for a median of 3.8 years . of the pRBD ( + ) subjects developed MCI , and 1 developed PD ( 15/44 = 34 % developed MCI/PD ) ; none developed dementia . adjustment for age , sex , education , and medical comorbidity , pRBD ( + ) subjects were at increased risk of MCI/PD ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 2.2 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.3-3 .9 ; p = 0.005 ) . of subjects who withdrew from the study produced similar results , as did exclusion of subjects with medication-associated RBD . of pRBD symptoms did not predict the development of MCI/PD ( HR , 1.05 per 10 years ; 95 % CI , 0.84-1 .3 ; p = 0.68 ) . this population-based cohort study , we observed that pRBD confers a 2.2-fold increased risk of developing MCI/PD over 4 years ."
3529,Abstract #3529,"( US ) - guided supraclavicular or infraclavicular blocks are commonly used for upper extremity surgery . aims of this randomized study were to compare the block performance and onset times , effectiveness , incidence of adverse events and patient 's acceptance of US-guided supraclavicular or infraclavicular blocks . hypothesized that the supraclavicular approach , being more superficial and easier to visualize using a 10 MHz transducer , will produce a faster and a more extensive sensory block . hundred and twenty patients were randomized to two equal groups : supraclavicular ( S ) and infraclavicular ( I ) . patient received a mixture containing equal volumes of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml and mepivacaine 20 mg/ml with adrenaline 5 microg/ml , 0.5 ml/kg body weight ( minimum 30 ml , maximum 50 ml ) . sensory score ( anaesthesia -- 2 points , analgesia -- 1 point and pain -- 0 point ) of the seven terminal nerves was assessed every 10 min . were declared ready for surgery when they had an effective surgical block -- anaesthesia or analgesia of the five nerves below the elbow . minutes after the block , the unblocked nerves were supplemented . block performance and latency times , surgical effectiveness , adverse events and patient 's acceptance were recorded . more patients in the I group were ready for surgery 20 and 30 min after the block . mean block performance time was 5.7 min in the S group and 5.0 min in the I group ( NS ) . effectiveness was superior in the I group : 93 % vs. 78 % in the S group ( P = 0.017 ) . S group patients had a significantly poorer block of the median and ulnar nerves , but a better block of the axillary nerve . scores at 10 , 20 and 30 min were not significantly different . patients in the S group vs. nine patients in the I group experienced transient adverse events ( P < 0.0001 ) . ' acceptance of the block was similar in both groups . block had a faster onset , better surgical effectiveness and fewer adverse events . performance time and patients ' acceptance of the procedure were similar in both groups ."
3530,Abstract #3530,"assess the effects of intramuscular ( im ) neridronate ( NE ) on lumbar and femoral neck BMD and on markers of bone turnover in rheumatic patients under chronic low-dose glucocorticoids ( GC ) therapy . osteopoenic and osteoporotic patients , affected by rheumatic diseases and gastric or esophageal conditions which contraindicated treatment with oral bisphosphonates ( BPs ) , were randomly assigned to : Group A ( 23 patients ) administered with daily calcium 1 g and vitamin D 800 UI ; Group B ( 46 patients ) receiving daily calcium 1 g , vitamin D 800 UI and im NE 25 mg monthly . 12 months of therapy ( M12 ) lumbar BMD was reduced of 2.97 % in Group A , and improved of 3.34 % ( p = 0.001 ) in Group B ; at M12 , femoral neck BMD was reduced of 2.40 % in Group A and improved of 1.78 % in Group B ( p = 0.010 ) . 6 ( M6 ) and 12 months of therapy , the bone resorption markers were significantly reduced in Group B : OHPr-41 .64 % at M6 ( p < 0.001 ) and -37.91 % at M12 ( p < 0.001 ) ; DPD-33 .4 % at M6 ( p < 0.001 ) and -33.18 % ( p < 0.001 ) at M12 : NTX -57.08 % ( p < 0.001 ) at M6 and -55.95 % ( p < 0.001 ) at M12 ; OC-11 .62 % ( p = 0.05 ) at M6 and -12.62 % at M12 ( p = 0.06 ) ; B-ALP -13.95 % at M6 ( p = 0.04 ) and -0.85 % at M12 ( NS ) . twelve-month intramuscular NE treatment in rheumatic patients under GCs therapy improves lumbar and femoral BMD and mainly reduces the markers of bone resorption ."
3531,Abstract #3531,"evaluate an algorithm guiding responses of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( CSII ) - treated type 1 diabetic patients using real-time continuous glucose monitoring ( RT-CGM ) . CSII-treated type 1 diabetic participants ( aged 13-70 years , including adult and adolescent subgroups , with A1C < or = 9.5 % ) were randomized in age - , sex - , and A1C-matched pairs . 1 was an open 16-week multicenter randomized controlled trial . A was treated with CSII/RT-CGM with the algorithm , and group B was treated with CSII/RT-CGM without the algorithm . primary outcome was the difference in time in target ( 4-10 mmol/l ) glucose range on 6-day masked CGM . outcomes were differences in A1C , low ( < or = 3.9 mmol/l ) glucose CGM time , and glycemic variability . 2 was the week 16-32 follow-up . A was returned to usual care , and group B was provided with the algorithm . parameters were as above . were made between baseline and 16 weeks and 32 weeks . phase 1 , after withdrawals 29 of 30 subjects were left in group A and 28 of 30 subjects were left in group B. change in target glucose time did not differ between groups . fell ( mean 7.9 % [ 95 % CI 7.7-8 .2 to 7.6 % [ 7.2-8 .0 ] ; P < 0.03 ) in group A but not in group B ( 7.8 % [ 7.5-8 .1 ] to 7.7 [ 7.3-8 .0 ] ; NS ) with no difference between groups . subjects in group A achieved A1C < or = 7 % than those in group B ( 2 of 29 to 14 of 29 vs. 4 of 28 to 7 of 28 ; P = 0.015 ) . phase 2 , one participant was lost from each group . group A , A1C returned to baseline with RT-CGM discontinuation but did not change in group B , who continued RT-CGM with addition of the algorithm . but not late algorithm provision to type 1 diabetic patients using CSII/RT-CGM did not increase the target glucose time but increased achievement of A1C < or = 7 % . RT-CGM cessation , A1C returned to baseline ."
3532,Abstract #3532,"studies have consistently shown that whole grain ( WG ) cereals can protect against the development of chronic diseases , but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood . WG products , WG rye is considered even more potent because of its unique discrepancy in postprandial insulin and glucose responses known as the rye factor . this study , an NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to study the metabolic effects of WG rye as a tool to determine the beneficial effects of WG rye on human health . postmenopausal Finnish women with elevated serum total cholesterol ( 5.0-8 .5 mmol/L ) and BMI of 20-33 kg/m consumed a minimum of 20 % of their daily energy intake as high fiber WG rye bread ( RB ) or refined wheat bread ( WB ) in a randomized , controlled , crossover design with two 8-wk intervention periods separated by an 8-wk washout period . the end of each intervention period , fasting serum was collected for NMR-based metabolomics and the analysis of cholesterol fractions . partial least squares discriminant analysis was used for paired comparisons of multivariate data . metabolomics analysis of serum showed lower leucine and isoleucine and higher betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine levels after RB than WB intake . further investigate the metabolic effects of RB , the serum cholesterol fractions were measured . - and LDL-cholesterol levels were higher after RB intake than after WB ( p < 0.05 ) . study revealed favorable shifts in branched amino acid and single carbon metabolism and an unfavorable shift in serum cholesterol levels after RB intake in postmenopausal women , which should be considered for evaluating health beneficial effects of rye products ."
3533,Abstract #3533,"determine the impact of compositional differences in contact lens care solutions on the thickness of the tear film during contact lens wear . randomized , crossover , investigator-masked clinical trial was conducted to compare AMO 's Complete MoisturePlus to Alcon 's Opti-Free Express in 31 subjects . primary outcome of this study was a comparison of prelens tear film ( PLTF ) and postlens tear film ( PoLTF ) thickness values obtained during the first 2 hours of etafilcon A hydrogel lens wear . solution was used by each participant for a period of 7 days , separated by a washout period of 1 day . outcomes studied included prelens tear film thinning rates , solution preference , and dry eye-related symptom scores . film thickness measurements were made using a noninvasive wavelength-dependent interferometric system . average overall PLTF thickness over the 120-minute time period after using Complete MoisturePlus was 3.02 + / - 1.07 microm , whereas the average overall PLTF thickness in this same time interval after using Opti-Free Express was 2.72 + / - 0.86 ( P = 0.003 ) . both solutions , the PLTF could be fitted by the sum of an exponential decay plus a constant . PLTF decay amplitudes did not statistically differ when the solutions were compared ( P = 0.11 ) . was no difference in overall PoLTF thicknesses when the average values after using each solution were compared ( P = 0.57 ) , although there was a difference immediately after the lens was applied to the eye ( Complete MoisturePlus average = 4.10 versus Opti-Free Express average = 3.48 , P = 0.02 ) . PoLTF also demonstrated an exponential decay for both solutions . PoLTF decay amplitudes did not statistically differ ( P = 0.14 ) . subjects ( 64.5 % ) preferred Complete MoisturePlus to Opti-Free Express ( 35.5 % ) ( P = 0.11 ) , and nearly every subject ( 90.3 % ) suggested `` comfort '' as their reason for preference . MoisturePlus is associated with a thicker PLTF when compared with Opti-Free Express in contact lens wearers without dry eye symptoms , especially during the first 5 minutes following lens insertion ."
3534,Abstract #3534,"evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic use of warfarin in patients with high risk of lead-associated thrombosis . , prospective , randomized and blinded study , in patients submitted to first transvenous leads implantation with LVEF < 0.40 and/or previous ipsilateral temporary pacing . device implantation , patients were randomly assigned to placebo or warfarin . clinical and laboratorial evaluations were performed to anticoagulant management . a six-month period , every patient was submitted to a digital subtraction venography . February 2004 to November 2006 , 101 patients underwent randomization . characteristics were similar in both groups ( P = NS ) . analysis showed 31.4 % of venous obstructions in patients assigned to warfarin as compared with 57.1 % in patients assigned to placebo ( RR = 0.57 [ 95 % CI , 0.33 to 0.98 ] ; P = 0.015 ) . the warfarin group , 72 % of the PT/INR tests were in therapeutic INR range . one patient required warfarin discontinuation and cross-over to placebo group due to gastrointestinal bleeding . preliminary results showed that the anticoagulation therapy has been safe and reduced the frequency of venous thrombosis after transvenous cardiac devices implantation in high risk patients ."
3535,Abstract #3535,"investigate the effect of a single low dose of mifepristone on ovarian function , when administered in the preovulatory period . women with regular menstrual cycles were studied during two consecutive menstrual cycles . mifepristone or placebo was given in a randomized double-blind order when the leading follicle reached a diameter between 15 and 17 mm . ultrasound and serum hormone measurements were obtained until follicular collapse . analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test . women entered the study , although one woman had to be excluded afterwards from analysis because her LH surge had already appeared on the day of treatment . LH surge was delayed from day 14 to 17 ( P = 0.01 ) . caused a 3-day delay in follicular collapse , occurring on day 16 in control cycles and on day 19 in mifepristone treatment cycles ( P = 0.02 ) . median cycle length was 26 days in control cycles and 30 days in mifepristone treatment cycles ( P = 0.03 ) . measurement 7 days after follicular collapse did not differ significantly between both cycles . single 10-mg dose of mifepristone administered during the preovulatory phase of the cycle delays the LH surge and postpones ovulation ."
3536,Abstract #3536,"well-designed randomized controlled trials ( RCT ) regarding the impact of community pharmacist interventions on pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [ COPD ) have been conducted . assessed the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical care program for patients with COPD . PHARMACOP-trial was a single-blind 3-month RCT , conducted in 170 community pharmacies in Belgium , enrolling patients prescribed daily COPD medication , aged > or = 50 years , and with a smoking history > or = 10 pack-years . computer-generated randomization sequence allocated patients to intervention ( n = 371 ) , receiving protocol-defined pharmacist care , or control group ( n = 363 ) , receiving usual pharmacist care 11:1 ratio , stratified by center ) . , focusing on inhalation technique and adherence to maintenance therapy , were carried out at start of the trial and at one month follow-up . outcomes were inhalation technique and medication adherence . outcomes were exacerbation rate , dyspnea , COPD specific and generic health status and smoking behavior . December 2010 to April 2011 , 734 patients were enrolled . patients ( 5.7 % ) were lost to follow-up . the end of the trial , inhalation score ( Mean estimated difference [ delta ] , 13.5 % ; 95 % Confidence Interval [ CI ] , 10.8-16 .1 ; P < .0001 ] and medication adherence [ ( delta , 8.51 % ; 95 % CI , 4.63-12 .4 ; P < .0001 ) were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group . the intervention group , a significantly lower hospitalization rate was observed ( 9 vs 35 hospitalizations ; Rate Ratio , 0.28 ; 95 % CI , 0.12-0 .64 ; P = .003 ) . other significant between-group differences were observed . PHARMACOP-trial demonstrates that pragmatic pharmacist care programs improve both inhalation technique and medication adherence in patients with COPD and could reduce hospitalization rates . protocolled intervention used in this trial was specifically designed for and evaluated in ( Belgian ) community pharmacies . may facilitate future implementation in the Belgian context ."
3537,Abstract #3537,"human studies and animal models of experimental osteoporosis have shown that soy isoflavones may be effective on bone health . this study , we carried out an intervention study to explore the effects of dietary isoflavone on bone metabolism . healthy female postmenopausal Japanese immigrants living in Brazil were divided into two groups : isoflavone-administered ( n = 20 ) or placebo ( n = 20 ) . in the isoflavone-administered group ingested 37.3 mg per day for 10 weeks . collection of 24-hour urine and the measurement of bone stiffness were performed at 0 and 10 weeks . excretion of isoflavones and bone resorption markers were analyzed . isoflavone excretion in the isoflavone-administered group was significantly increased at weeks 3 and 10 . excretion of bone resorption markers was reduced in the isoflavone-administered group , while the placebo group did not show any significant reduction . in levels of urinary isoflavones and bone resorption markers between the two groups were significant . study demonstrated that the bone resorption was associated with the intake of soy isoflavones in postmenopausal women , and continuous dietary intake of isoflavone may inhibit postmenopausal osteoporosis ."
3538,Abstract #3538,"examine whether self-efficacy mediated the effect of the Home-based Post-Hip Fracture Rehabilitation program on activity limitations in older adults after hip fracture and whether the mediating effect was different between sex and age groups . controlled trial . . with hip fracture ( N = 232 ; mean age SD , 799.4 y ) were randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 120 , 51.7 % ) and attention control ( n = 112 , 48.3 % ) groups . 6-month intervention , the Home-based Post-Hip Fracture Rehabilitation , is a functionally oriented , home-based exercise program . were collected at baseline , postintervention ( 6mo ) , and follow-up ( 9mo ) . Measure for Post-Acute Care . mediating effect of the Home-based Post-Hip Fracture Rehabilitation program on Basic Mobility function through self-efficacy for exercise was significant at 9 months ( indirect = .21 ) . , the mediating effect of the intervention on Daily Activity function through self-efficacy for exercise was significant at 9 months ( indirect = .49 ) . subgroup analyses , the mediating effect was significant at 9 months in the younger group ( age , 79y ) in comparison to the older group and was significant in women in comparison to men . may play a partial mediating role in the effect on some longer-term functional outcomes in the Home-based Post-Hip Fracture Rehabilitation intervention . results suggest that program components that target self-efficacy should be incorporated in future hip fracture rehabilitation interventions . and sex of the targeted participants may also need to be considered when developing interventions ."
3539,Abstract #3539,"objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction . who fulfilled the study criteria were randomized to received misoprostol 25 microg or 50 microg intravaginally every 3 h for a total of eight doses for cervical ripening or until labor was established . for successful cervical ripening was achievement of Bishop score of nine or greater , and for labor induction reaching the active phase of labor in the first 24 h. rates of success , duration of first and second stages of labor , type of delivery , significant side effects , and neonatal outcome were measured and compared between the two study groups . hundred and fifty-one patients were randomized in two groups -- 126 received 50 microg and 125 received 25 microg misoprostol . of the two study groups were similar . in the 50 microg group had a shorter first stage ( 848 min vs. 1,122 min , P < 0.007 ) , shorter induction-to-vaginal delivery interval ( 933 min vs. 1,194 min , P < 0.013 ) , decreased incidence of oxytocin augmentation ( 53.9 % vs. 68 % , P < 0.015 ) , and decreased total units of oxytocin ( 2,763 mU vs. 5,236 mU , P < 0.023 ) , but there was a higher hyperstimulation rate ( 19 % vs. 7.2 % , P < 0.005 ) . induction rate , delivery types , and fetal outcome were similar in both groups . the rate of vaginal delivery and neonatal outcome were similar in both groups , the 50 microg regimen had shorter first and second stages of labor , and a higher hyperstimulation rate that was easily manageable , allowing for flexibility in using the higher dose in low-risk pregnancies ."
3540,Abstract #3540,"caused by the protozoa Cryptosporidium , is the common cause of diarrhoea in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) . study the efficacy of short-term azithromycin in the management of cryptosporidiosis . , controlled trial . consecutive patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) , who were positive for cryptosporidial oocysts were taken for this prospective randomised study . azithromycin treatment for cryptosporidial diarrhoea in AIDS patients was associated with good clinical improvement but parasitological benefit was doubtful . 13 patients , who had symptoms of cryptosporidiosis , symptomatically improved with 5 days of treatment with azithromycin and became asymptomatic after 7 days of antibiotic , but stool sample was positive for cryptosporidium even after 7 days of therapy . 14 days of treatment with azithromycin in 13 patients , in five patients stool was free of cryptosporidial oocyst . drug was well tolerated in all the patients . azithromycin can be used as a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic Cryptosporidiosis but not effective in eradicating Cryptosporidial infection ."
3541,Abstract #3541,"less-developed countries , novel strategies are needed to control iron-deficiency anaemia , the most common form of malnutrition . undertook a community-based randomised controlled trial to assess the effects of iron or aluminium cooking pots in young Ethiopian children . was by intention-to-treat . primary outcomes were change in children 's haemoglobin concentration , weight , or length over the study period . also did a laboratory study of total and available iron in traditional Ethiopian foods cooked in iron , aluminium , and clay pots . children , one per household , entered the study . change in haemoglobin concentration was greater in the iron-pot group than in the aluminium-pot group ( mean change to 12 months 1.7 [ SD 1.5 ] vs 0.4 [ 1.0 ] g/dL ; mean difference between groups 1.3 g/dL [ 95 % Cl 1.1-1 .6 ] ) . mean differences between the groups in weight and length gain to 12 months ( adjusted for baseline weight or length ) were 0.6 cm ( 95 % CI 0.1-1 .0 ) and 0.1 kg ( -0.1 to 0.3 ) . laboratory study showed that total and available iron was greatest in foods cooked in iron pots , except for available iron in legumes for which there was no difference between types of pot . children fed food from iron pots had lower rates of anaemia and better growth than children whose food was cooked in aluminium pots . of iron cooking pots for households in less-developed countries may be a useful method to prevent iron-deficiency anaemia ."
3542,Abstract #3542,"examine the effect of prostate volume , number of biopsy cores , and American Urological Association symptom score ( AUASS ) for prostate cancer risk assessment among men receiving finasteride in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial . from 4509 men on the finasteride arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial who were on treatment at the time of their AUASS and prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) measurement before biopsy were included in multivariable logistic regression analyses . hundred eighty-two ( 15.1 % ) participants had prostate cancer ; 257 ( 37.7 % ) of these had high-grade disease . prostate cancer risk , the model included PSA ( odds ratio corresponding to a 2-fold increase in PSA : 2.70 ; P < .0001 ) , digital rectal examination ( 2.53 ; P < .0001 ) , age ( 1.03 ; P = .001 ) , and prostate volume ( odds ratio 0.54 for a 2-fold increase in volume ; P < .0001 ) . high-grade disease , PSA ( 3.39 ; P < .0001 ) , digital rectal examination ( 2.75 ; P < .0001 ) , age ( 1.05 ; P = .001 ) , and volume ( 0.55 ; P < .0001 ) were statistically significant . was not statistically significant in any of the models that included prostate volume , but was in models in which volume was not included . number of biopsy cores did not significantly improve risk assessment in any of the models considered . in the general population , obtaining a cancer diagnosis is improved by assessing prostate volume and increasing the number of biopsy cores , neither steps are required in men receiving finasteride . fewer biopsy cores in men receiving finasteride preserves biopsy sensitivity and will likely reduce cost and morbidity ."
3543,Abstract #3543,"may be an effective tool to communicate with patients because of their ability to engage the reader . objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of story booklets compared to standard information sheets for parents of children attending the emergency department ( ED ) with a child with croup . were randomized to receive story booklets ( n = 208 ) or standard information sheets ( n = 205 ) during their ED visit . primary outcome was change in anxiety between triage to ED discharge as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory . telephone interviews were conducted at 1 and 3 days after discharge , then every other day until 9 days ( or until resolution of symptoms ) , and at 1 year . outcomes included : expected future anxiety , event impact , parental knowledge , satisfaction , decision regret , healthcare utilization , time to symptom resolution . was no significant difference in the primary outcome of change in parental anxiety between recruitment and ED discharge ( change of 5 points for the story group vs. 6 points for the comparison group , p = 0.78 ) . story group showed significantly greater decision regret regarding their decision to go to the ED ( p < 0.001 ) : 6.7 % of the story group vs. 1.5 % of the comparison group strongly disagreed with the statement `` I would go for the same choice if I had to do it over again '' . story group reported shorter time to resolution of symptoms ( mean 3.7 days story group vs. 4.0 days comparison group , median 3 days both groups ; log rank test , p = 0.04 ) . other outcomes were different between study groups . about parent experiences managing a child with croup did not reduce parental anxiety . story group showed significantly greater decision regret and quicker time to resolution of symptoms . research is needed to better understand whether stories can be effective in improving patient-important outcomes . Controlled Trials , ISRCTN39642997 ( http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN39642997 ) ."
3544,Abstract #3544,"learning clearly offers exciting potential for improving student learning , either as an aid to or as a replacement for traditional formats , or for the development of innovative approaches . , rigorous evaluation of the utility of computer-aided learning ( CAL ) in enhancing student learning can be difficult . studies have compared CAL to more traditional learning formats , but there is little evidence to show which style of CAL leads to the best learning outcomes . study aimed to test the hypothesis that a CAL tutorial , in which the learner actively interacts with the computer , will result in superior learning ( ability to apply and retain knowledge ) to that obtained in more passive CAL formats . year medical undergraduates at Adelaide University , South Australia were randomly assigned to 4 groups . a pretest , only students in the `` didactic '' , `` problem-based '' and `` free text '' groups had 2 weeks of free access to a neuroradiology CAL tutorial in their assigned format . access was denied to all students 2 weeks before post-testing . was quantified by comparing the post - to pretest scores for each of the 4 groups . active interaction with the computer material , students in the free text group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in their ability to apply and retain knowledge compared to the control group , but no advantage compared to the didactic group . users of an interactive CAL tutorial demonstrated significant learning gains compared to non-CAL users , these gains were not superior to those achieved from non-interactive CAL . evaluating education interventions such as CAL packages , it is important to use a valid assessment tool to measure learning ."
3545,Abstract #3545,", a form of hypertonia , is associated with loss of mobility and with the development of contractures especially in the late stages of the dementia . movement therapy ( PMT ) currently is the main physiotherapeutic intervention . doubt about the beneficial effects of this widely used therapy necessitates a randomised clinical trial ( RCT ) to study the efficacy of PMT on the severity of paratonia and on the improvement of daily care . RCT with a 4-week follow-up period . with dementia ( according to the DSM-IV-TR Criteria ) and moderate to severe paratonia are included in the study after proxy consent . means of computerised and concealed block randomisation ( block-size of 4 ) patients are included in one of two groups . first group receives PMT , the second group receives usual care without PMT . is given according to a protocol by physical therapist three times a week for four weeks in a row . severity of paratonia ( Modified Ashworth scale ) , the severity of the dementia ( Global Deterioration Scale ) , the clinical improvement ( Clinical Global Impressions ) , the difficulty in daily care ( Patient Specific Complaints ) and the experienced pain in daily care of the participant ( PACSLAC-D ) is assessed by assessors blind to treatment allocation at baseline , after 6 and 12 treatments . of the intervention is defined as a significant increase of decline on the modified Ashworth scale . ` proportion of change ' in two and four weeks time on this scale will be analysed . a multiple logistic regression analysis using declined/not declined criteria as dependent variable with correction for relevant confounders ( e.g. stage of dementia , medication , co-morbidity ) will be used . study is the first RCT of this size to gain further insight on the effect of passive movement therapy on the severity of paratonia . Controlled Trials ISRCTN43069940 ."
3546,Abstract #3546,"to the pancreatic or the bile duct is paramount to the success of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP . cannulation may be difficult because of the small size of the papilla and anatomic factors such as peripapillary diverticulum and gastrectomy with Billroth-II anastomosis . , one of the techniques for gaining access in such cases is the pre-cut technique with a catheter that has a thin wire at the tip ( needle knife ) . less well-described pre-cut technique involves initial cannulation of the pancreatic duct with a `` traction-type '' papillotome and then incision through the `` septum '' toward the bile duct . aim of this randomized trial was to compare the success and the complication rates of needle-knife sphincterotomy and transpancreatic sphincterotomy in achieving cannulation of an otherwise inaccessible bile duct . consecutive patients with inaccessible bile ducts underwent pre-cut sphincterotomy either by needle-knife sphincterotomy ( n = 34 ) or transpancreatic septotomy ( n = 29 ) . patients with an accessible pancreatic duct who undergo needle-knife sphincterotomy , a short ( 2-3 cm ) stent ( 5F-7F ) was placed in the pancreatic duct to act as a guide and to reduce the risk of post-procedure pancreatitis . patients were hospitalized overnight for observation after pre-cut sphincterotomy . outcomes measured were success rate and complications . for pre-cut sphincterotomy were the following : suspected choledocholithiasis , 11 patients ( 17.5 % ) ; obstructive jaundice with negative CT findings , 19 patients ( 29.2 % ) , or with positive CT findings , 13 patients ( 20.6 % ) ; abdominal pain with elevated biochemical tests of liver function , 15 patients ( 23.8 % ) ; and miscellaneous , 5 patients ( 7.9 % ) . 55 of 63 ( 87 % ) patients , the bile duct was selectively cannulated after pre-cut sphincterotomy . a pre-protocol basis , the bile duct was cannulated in 29 of 29 ( 100 % ) patients randomized to transpancreatic septotomy sphincterotomy and 26 of 34 ( 77 % ) patients who underwent needle-knife sphincterotomy ( p = 0.01 ) . were 7 complications , including bleeding ( n = 2 ) and acute pancreatitis ( n = 5 ) . were less frequent in the transpancreatic septotomy sphincterotomy group ( 1/29 ; 3.5 % ) compared with the needle-knife sphincterotomy group ( 6/34 ; 17.7 % ) . pre-cut sphincterotomy can be performed with a high degree of success in patients with inaccessible obstructed bile ducts . with standard needle-knife sphincterotomy , transpancreatic septotomy sphincterotomy has a significantly higher rate of bile duct cannulation and a lower complication rate ."
3547,Abstract #3547,"has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with Crohn 's disease . analysis reports the results of a cohort of Japanese patients with moderate to severe Crohn 's disease who were evaluated for up to 3years to assess the long-term use of adalimumab . study consisted of a double-blind part and an open-label part . were included either in the 52-week double-blind , placebo-controlled part of the study followed by a 96-week open-label extension or in the open-label part from the beginning or in the event of a flare . were treated with adalimumab and evaluated for up to 148weeks as 3 data cohorts : the all-adalimumab cohort ( patients receiving 1 injection of adalimumab ) , the 148-week follow-up subcohort ( patients who completed 148weeks of follow-up after the first adalimumab dose ) , and the dose-escalation subcohort ( patients receiving adalimumab doses that increased to 80mg every other week ) . the all-adalimumab cohort ( n = 79 ) , clinical remission rates were approximately 30 % after 36weeks of exposure to adalimumab and for the remainder of the study ( 35 % , 33 % , and 28 % for weeks 48 , 108 , and 144 , respectively ) . improvement in quality of life was also maintained over the same period . the dose-escalation subcohort ( n = 40 ) , the clinical remission rate was 75 % ( 6/8 ) 48weeks after dose escalation . was tolerated , and no deaths were reported . is effective for maintaining long-term clinical remission in Japanese patients with moderate to severe Crohn 's disease ( NCT00445432 ) ."
3548,Abstract #3548,"management of acute appendicitis with appendiceal abscess or phlegmon remains controversial . studied the results of initial conservative treatment ( antibiotics and percutaneous drainage if necessary , with or without interval appendectomy ) compared with immediate surgery . undertook an observational , retrospective cohort study of patients with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of acute appendicitis with an abscess or phlegmon , treated in our hospital between January 1997 and March 2009 . younger than 14 , with severe sepsis or with diffuse peritonitis were excluded . study group of 15 patients with acute appendicitis complicated with an abscess or phlegmon underwent conservative treatment . control group was composed of the other patients , who all underwent urgent appendectomy , matched for age and later randomized 1:1 . infectious risk stratification was established with the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System ( NNIS ) index . variables were hospital stay and surgical site infection . was with SPSS , with p < 0.05 considered significant . appendectomy was performed in 7 study group patients . site infection episodes were more frequent in the control group ( 6 vs. 0 , p < 0.001 ) . greater percentage of high risk patients ( NNIS 2 ) was identified in the control group ( 80 vs. 28.7 % , p < 0.03 ) , mostly related with contaminated or dirty procedures in this group ( p < 0.001 ) . significant difference between groups was found in hospital stay . conservative treatment should be considered the best therapeutic choice for acute appendicitis with abscess or phlegmon ."
3549,Abstract #3549,"evaluate the efficacy of oral lycopene therapy in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and to compare these effects with a placebo . patients with oral submucous fibrosis formed the population for the study and were randomly divided into 3 groups , evaluated weekly over a 2-month period . of group A ( n = 21 ) received 16 mg of lycopene , those of group B ( n = 19 ) received 16 mg of lycopene along with biweekly intralesional steroid injections , and those of group C ( n = 18 ) were given a placebo . and unpaired t tests were used for statistical evaluation . values for the patients showed an average increase of 3.4 mm , 4.6 mm , and 0.0 mm for patients in groups A , B , and C , respectively . values were statistically found to be highly significant . observed effects suggest that lycopene can and should be used as a first line of therapy in the initial management of oral submucous fibrosis ."
3550,Abstract #3550,"study the effects of simvastatin ( Sim ) on pharmacokinetics of ciclosporin ( Cic ) . healthy young volunteers took Cic 100 mg alone or in combination with Sim 10 mg in a randomized crossover study . Cic concentrations in blood were determined by specific fluorescence polarization immunoassay . were analyzed with 3P87 program . blood concentration-time curve was fitted to open 2-compartment model , and the pharmacokinetic parameters of Cic alone and Cic + Sim were : Cmax ( 646 + / - 94 ) and ( 698 + / - 340 ) micrograms.L-1 ; Tmax ( 1.12 + / - 0.13 ) and ( 1.13 + / - 0.21 ) h ; AUC ( 2.3 + / - 0.4 ) and ( 2.6 + / - 1.2 ) mg.h.L-1 ; T1/2 beta ( 12 + / - 6 ) and ( 23 + / - 8 ) h ( P < 0.05 ) . delays the metabolism rate of Cic when they are given simutaneously ."
3551,Abstract #3551,"quantitative technique was used to compare the pharmacological potency in healthy volunteers of angiotensin II receptor antagonists ( AIIA ) : candesartan cilexetil , losartan , irbesartan , valsartan , and telmisartan . a randomised , double-blind , parallel-group ( 4x12 subjects ) study , single oral doses of candesartan cilexetil 4 , 8 and 16 mg , losartan potassium 25 , 50 and 100 mg , valsartan 40 , 80 and 160 mg , and irbesartan 75 , 150 and 300 mg were administered on three consecutive days . 20 , 40 and 80 mg was similarly evaluated in 12 volunteers in an open amendment . II ( Ang II ) antagonistic effects were determined in vivo from rightward shifts in Ang II dose-response curves for diastolic blood pressure ( BP ) and dose ratios were calculated . K ( i ) - doses , i.e. doses ( in mg ) required to induce a two-fold shift in Ang II dose-response curves ( equivalent to approx . % blockade of receptors ) were determined , using Schild regression analysis . treatments dose-dependently attenuated increases in diastolic BP induced by infusion of exogenous Ang II . cilexetil appeared to have a more pronounced increase in effect following cumulative dosing . 24 hours , apparent K ( i ) - doses were : candesartan cilexetil 6 mg , irbesartan 123 mg , valsartan 93.5 mg , and telmisartan 54 mg . was not possible to determine an apparent K ( i ) - dose for losartan at 24 hours . with results from experimental pharmacology , candesartan cilexetil displayed the highest pharmacological potency ( i.e. antagonistic activity per mg substance ) of the AIIAs tested . K ( i ) - doses at 24 hours were within the dose range recommended for clinical use in patients with hypertension ."
3552,Abstract #3552,"assess the effect of add-back therapy with continuous combined estrogen-progestin on the GnRH agonist-induced hypoestrogenic state and its effectiveness in healing of endometriotic lesions . prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind trial . centers in The Netherlands . premenopausal women with laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis ( revised American Fertility Society scores > / = 2 ) . were randomly assigned to receive a subcutaneous depot formulation of goserelin , 3.6 mg , every 4 weeks , plus oral placebo or oral continuous combined estradiol-norethisterone acetate add-back therapy daily for 24 weeks . response , bone mineral density , transvaginal ultrasonographic changes , endocrinologic effects , and subjective side effects . number of endometriotic implants was significantly reduced in both groups . the group that received GnRH agonist plus placebo , bone mineral density of the lumbar spine decreased by 5.02 % . effectiveness of GnRH agonist treatment for endometriosis was not decreased by the addition of add-back continuous combined hormone replacement therapy . mineral density of the lumbar spine was maintained and subjective side effects were diminished ."
3553,Abstract #3553,"evaluate the benefit of niacin in addition to statin therapy on plaque regression among older individuals with established atherosclerosis . , controlled , double-blind clinical trial . outpatient center . patients older than 65 years , half of them older than 75 years of age , with established atherosclerosis were enrolled . received either extended release niacin ( 1500 mg daily ) or placebo in addition to statin therapy to reach their National Cholesterol Education Program-defined low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol target . primary endpoint was reduction in the wall volume of the internal carotid artery ( ICA ) measured by MRI . 18 months , high density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher with statins plus niacin compared with statins alone ( 1.6 0.4 vs 1.4 0.4 mmol/L p < 0.001 ) . groups had significant decreases in the main outcome measure of ICA wall volume , which regressed at 0.5 % / month ( SEM 0.2 , p = 0.004 ) in the statins plus placebo group and at 0.7 % / month in the statins plus niacin group ( SEM 0.2 , p < 0.001 ) . was no difference in the rate of regression between groups ( p = 0.49 ) . with statin therapy to presently recommended LDL levels , with or without niacin , resulted in significant atherosclerosis reduction ."
3554,Abstract #3554,"analogues are widely used but few data exist comparing different analogue regimens . compared two such regimens in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) uncontrolled by oral antidiabetic agents ( OADs ) with or without basal insulin . a 26-week multinational , multicentre , randomized treat-to-target trial , OADs were discontinued and subjects randomized to analogue basal-bolus therapy ( insulin detemir once daily and insulin aspart mealtimes ) or biphasic insulin aspart 30 ( 30 % rapid-acting insulin aspart ) , twice daily . was titrated to targets for fasting , predinner and postprandial plasma glucose ( PG ) , as appropriate . 719 subjects , 92 % completed the study ; 58 % achieved haemoglobin fraction A ( 1c ) ( HbA ( 1c ) ) < or = 7.0 % , with reductions of 1.56 % ( to 6.96 % ) with basal-bolus therapy and 1.23 % ( to 7.17 % ) with biphasic insulin aspart . with basal-bolus therapy was superior in the overall population by 0.23 % ( p = 0.0052 ) , with no difference between regimens in insulin-naive patients . hypoglycaemia occurred in five basal-bolus patients ( 0.9 % ) and in no patients with biphasic insulin aspart . of minor hypoglycaemia was similar in both groups . insulin doses increased during titration , with increase in lunchtime insulin aspart dose and equal distribution of breakfast and dinner biphasic insulin aspart doses . detemir remained once daily in 87 % of patients . insulin analogue regimens , adjusted to PG targets , enable a majority of people with T2DM to reach HbA ( 1c ) < or = 7.0 % after failure of OADs and OAD-basal insulin therapy . patients may benefit more from transfer to analogue basal-bolus therapy , while insulin-naive individuals benefit equally well from the more convenient biphasic analogue regimen ."
3555,Abstract #3555,"trials of complex , non-pharmacologic interventions implemented in home and community settings , such as the University of Southern California ( USC ) - Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center ( RLANRC ) Pressure Ulcer Prevention Study ( PUPS ) , present unique challenges with respect to ( 1 ) participant recruitment and retention , ( 2 ) intervention delivery and fidelity , ( 3 ) randomization and assessment , and ( 4 ) potential inadvertent treatment effects . describe the methods employed to address the challenges confronted in implementing PUPS . this randomized controlled trial , we are assessing the efficacy of a complex , preventive intervention in reducing the incidence of , and costs associated with , the development of medically serious pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord injury . with spinal cord injury recruited from RLANRC were assigned to either a 12-month preventive intervention group or a standard care control group . primary outcome is the incidence of serious pressure ulcers with secondary endpoints including ulcer-related surgeries , medical treatment costs , and quality of life . outcomes are assessed at 12 and 24 months after randomization . , we are studying the mediating mechanisms that account for intervention outcomes . has been successfully implemented , including recruitment of the target sample size of 170 participants , assurance of the integrity of intervention protocol delivery with an average 90 % treatment adherence rate , and enactment of the assessment plan . , implementation has been replete with challenges . meet recruitment goals , we instituted a five-pronged approach customized for an underserved , ethnically diverse population . intervention delivery , we increased staff time to overcome economic and cultural barriers to retention and adherence . ensure treatment fidelity and replicability , we monitored intervention protocol delivery in accordance with a rigorous plan . , we have overcome unanticipated assessment and design concerns related to ( 1 ) determining pressure ulcer incidence/severity , ( 2 ) randomization imbalance , and ( 3 ) inadvertent potential control group contamination . have addressed the most daunting challenges encountered in the recruitment , assessment , and intervention phases of PUPS . challenges and solutions may not apply to trials conducted in other settings . challenges has required a multifaceted approach incorporating individualization , flexibility , and persistence , as well as the ability to implement needed mid-course corrections ."
3556,Abstract #3556,"induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation and carcinogenesis in rodents by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ( PPAR ( alpha ) ) . is no conclusive evidence that humans are unresponsive to peroxisome proliferation , and concern exists about the long-term safety of fibrate treatment . a university hospital setting , 48 patients with uncomplicated gallstones and a serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than 130 mg/dL were randomly assigned to open-label treatment with bezafibrate ( 400 mg/d ) , fenofibrate ( 200 mg/d ) , gemfibrozil ( 900 mg/d ) , or placebo for 8 weeks before elective cholecystectomy . samples for lipid determinations were obtained at baseline and before surgery . liver specimen was obtained at operation , and the relative levels of messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) for the wild and truncated forms of PPAR ( alpha ) , acyl coenzyme A oxidase , liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I , apolipoprotein A-I , and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase were determined . , bezafibrate , and gemfibrozil reduced plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 22 % ( P = .009 ) , 14 % ( P = .042 ) , and 11 % ( not significant ) , respectively . triglyceride levels decreased significantly ( 24 % -36 % ; P < .05 ) , whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels rose nonsignificantly after treatment with the 3 fibrates . for a 35 % increase of apolipoprotein A-I mRNA after fenofibrate administration ( P < .05 ) , none of the individual fibrates induced significant changes in the mRNAs tested , although as a group they increased the mRNA for liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I by 40 % ( P = .08 ; marginally significant ) . administration to humans at pharmacologic doses able to activate PPAR ( alpha ) and to induce a hypolipidemic effect does not increase the hepatic expression of acyl coenzyme A oxidase , a well-known marker of peroxisome proliferation in rodents ."
3557,Abstract #3557,"of hepatocellular carcinoma is potentially curative , but local recurrence is common . this prospective randomised trial , we aimed to find out if one dose of postoperative adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labelled lipiodol could reduce the rate of local recurrence and increase disease-free and overall survival . who underwent curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma and recovered within 6 weeks were randomly assigned one 1850 MBq dose of 131I-lipiodol or no further treatment ( controls ) . compared rates of recurrence and disease-free and overall survival ( the primary endpoints ) between the two groups by intention to treat . planned an interim analysis when 30 patients ( both groups together ) had been followed up for a median of 2 years , with the intention of stopping early if the between-group difference in disease-free survival was significant ( p = 0.029 ) . April , 1992 , and August , 1997 , we recruited 43 patients : 21 received intra-arterial 131I-lipiodol and 22 received no adjuvant treatment . a median follow-up of 34.6 ( range 14.1-69 .7 ) months , there were six ( 28.5 % ) recurrences among the 21 patients in the adjuvant treatment , compared with 13 ( 59 % ) in the controls ( p = 0.04 ) . disease-free survival in the treatment and control groups was 57.2 ( 0.4-69 .7 ) and 13.6 ( 2.1-68 .3 ) months , respectively ( p = 0.037 ) . overall survival in the treatment and control groups was 86.4 % and 46.3 % , respectively ( p = 0.039 ) . interim analysis showed a significant increase in disease-free survival in the treatment group compared with the controls ( p = 0.01 ) , so we closed the trial early . had no significant toxic effects . patients with hepatocellular carcinoma , one 1850 MBq dose of intra-arterial 131I-lipiodol given after curative resection significantly decreases the rate of recurrence and increases disease-free and overall survival ."
3558,Abstract #3558,"overgrowth is an important adverse effect of phenytoin ( PHT ) therapy , occurring in about half of the patients . study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral folic acid supplementation ( 0.5 mg/day ) for the prevention of PHT-induced gingival overgrowth ( PIGO ) in children with epilepsy aged 6-15 years on PHT monotherapy for 6 months . was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial conducted at a tertiary level hospital from May 2008 to June 2009 . aged 6-15 years started on PHT monotherapy within last 1 month were eligible for inclusion . gingival overgrowth , use of other folic acid antagonists , and macrocytic anemia were exclusion criteria . subjects were randomized to receive either folic acid or placebo . primary outcome measure was incidence of any degree of gingival overgrowth after 6 months of PHT monotherapy . trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT00781196 ) . total of 120 children were recruited , 62 and 58 , respectively , in folic acid and placebo arms . 2 arms were comparable at baseline . percent of patients in the folic acid arm developed PIGO , as compared with 88 % receiving placebo ( p < 0.001 ) . risk reduction of PIGO by folic acid was 67 % ( 95 % confidence interval 54 % -80 % ) , and relative risk reduction was 0.76 . folic acid was found to decrease the incidence of PIGO in children on PHT monotherapy , in a statistically significant and clinically relevant manner . study provides Class I evidence that folic acid supplementation , 0.5 mg/day , is associated with prevention of gingival overgrowth in children taking PHT monotherapy ."
3559,Abstract #3559,"with the Mycobacterium avium complex is common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , but the most effective treatment for this infection remains unclear . randomly assigned 229 patients with AIDS and M. avium complex bacteremia to receive either rifampin ( 600 mg daily ) , ethambutol ( approximately 15 mg per kilogram of body weight daily ) , clofazimine ( 100 mg daily ) , and ciprofloxacin ( 750 mg twice daily ) ( the four-drug group ) or rifabutin ( 600 mg daily ) , ethambutol ( as above ) , and clarithromycin ( 1000 mg twice daily ) ( the three-drug group ) . the three-drug group the dose of rifabutin was reduced by half after 125 patients were randomized , because 24 of 63 patients had uveitis . 187 patients who could be evaluated , blood cultures became negative more often in the three-drug group than in the four-drug group ( 69 percent vs. 29 percent , P < 0.001 ) . patients treated for at least four weeks , the bacteremia resolved more frequently in the three-drug group ( 78 percent vs. 40 percent , P < 0.001 ) . the three-drug group , bacteremia resolved more often with the 600-mg dose of rifabutin than with the 300-mg dose ( P = 0.025 ) , but the latter regimen was more effective than the four-drug regimen ( P < 0.05 ) . median survival was 8.6 months in the three-drug group and 5.2 months in the four-drug group ( P = 0.001 ) . median Karnofsky performance score was higher in the three-drug group than in the four-drug group from week 2 to week 16 ( P < 0.05 ) . uveitis developed in 3 of the 53 patients receiving the 300-mg dose of rifabutin , an incidence about one quarter that observed with the 600-mg dose ( P < 0.001 ) . patients with AIDS and M. avium complex bacteremia , treatment with the three-drug regimen of rifabutin , ethambutol , and clarithromycin leads to resolution of the bacteremia more frequently and more rapidly than treatment with rifampin , ethambutol , clofazimine , and ciprofloxacin , and survival rates are better ."
3560,Abstract #3560,"assess the clinical and subjective performance of a one-step hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) lens care system compared to a multi-purpose disinfecting system ( MPDS ) when used with silicone hydrogel ( SiH ) lenses . was an eight-week , contralateral ( lens type ) clinical trial with a randomized , cross-over ( care system ) design . H2O2 system was Clear Care ( ( AO Sept Plus ) CIBA VISION ) and the MPDS was OPTI-FREE RepleniSH ( Alcon ) and the SiH materials were lotrafilcon B ( Air Optix ; CIBA VISION ) and senofilcon A ( Acuvue OASYS , Johnson & Johnson Vision Care ) . and subjects were masked to lens care and lens type , respectively . variables and ocular health assessments were conducted at a baseline , two-week and four-week visit for each cross-over phase . , dryness and vision were rated on 0-100 scales . times and comfortable wearing times were also recorded . subjects were enrolled : nine male , 17 female , mean age ( + / - standard deviation ) 31 + / -12 years ( range 17-59 years ) and 24 subjects completed the study . variables showed no difference between solutions ( all p > 0.05 ) , however one subject exhibited solution-induced corneal staining with both lens materials and the MPDS . was no difference between solutions in subjective overall ratings of comfort , dryness or vision ( p > 0.05 ) . H2O2 resulted in longer reported comfortable wearing times than the MPDS ( 10.93 + / - 1.71 vs 9.84 + / - 1.47 h ; repeated measures ANOVA , p < 0.01 ) . both lens care systems performed well with the SiH lenses used , the H2O2 resulted in a longer reported comfortable wearing time then the MPDS ."
3561,Abstract #3561,"standard chemotherapy remains associated with a poor outcome in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) , it is unclear which patients can survive long enough to be considered as cured . study aimed to identify factors influencing the long-term outcome in these patients . study included 727 older patients with AML ( median age , 67 years ) treated in two idarubicin ( IDA ) versus daunorubicin ( DNR ) Acute Leukemia French Association trials . analysis was based on standard univariate and multivariate models and also included a cure fraction model to focus on long-term outcome . , WBC count , secondary AML , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ( ECOG ) performance status ( PS ) , and adverse-risk and favorable-risk AML subsets ( European LeukemiaNet classification ) all influenced complete remission ( CR ) rate and overall survival ( OS ) . random assignment was associated with higher CR rate , but not with longer OS ( P = .13 ) . overall cure rate was 13.3 % . age and ECOG-PS more than 1 negatively influenced cure rate , which was higher in patients with favorable-risk AML ( 39.1 % v 8.0 % in adverse-risk AML ; P < .001 ) and those treated with IDA ( 16.6 % v 9.8 % with DNR ; P = .018 ) . long-term impact of IDA was still observed in patients younger than age 65 years , although all of the younger patients in the DNR control arm received high DNR doses ( cure rate , 27.4 % for IDA v 15.9 % for DNR ; P = .049 ) . multivariate analysis , IDA random assignment remained associated with a higher cure rate ( P = .04 ) , together with younger age and favorable-risk AML , despite not influencing OS ( P = .11 ) . older patients with AML , younger age , favorable-risk AML , and IDA treatment predict a better long-term outcome ."
3562,Abstract #3562,"aim of the study was to observe patients on a stroke unit and to compare their activity with that of patients on conventional hospital wards to identify aspects of rehabilitation practice that might account for differences in outcome . patients admitted to the hospital were observed on three 8-hour shifts over 3 consecutive days . observer recorded , at 10-minute intervals , where patients were , what they were doing , and whether their positioning was as recommended by rehabilitation therapists . on a stroke unit were compared with those on conventional wards . unit patients spent less time by their beds and more time in other locations on the ward ( P < .001 ) . were significant differences in the frequency of behaviors observed in the two types of ward ( P < .001 ) . unit patients had significantly more interaction with nurses and therapists ( P < .001 ) . were also more often in the recommended position ( P < .001 ) . proportion of time in therapeutic activity was low in all locations , with patients spending many hours sitting and doing nothing . this , stroke unit patients had more therapeutic contact with staff and were more often in the recommended position . two features may account for some of the differences in outcome ."
3563,Abstract #3563,"objective of this independent , double-blind , parallel , six-week clinical study was to assess the efficacy of a commercially available mouthrinse containing 0.05 % cetylpyridinium chloride ( CPC ) for controlling established dental plaque and gingivitis relative to that of a control mouthrinse without CPC . male and female subjects from the Macei , Brazil area reported to the clinical facility , after having refrained from any oral hygiene procedures for 12 hours , and from eating , drinking , and smoking for four hours , for an assessment of the oral soft and hard tissues , and for a baseline gingivitis and dental plaque evaluation . subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups , and were provided with their assigned mouthrinse , and an adult soft-bristled toothbrush and toothpaste for home use . the six-week period of home use , during which there were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits , subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for one minute twice daily with the supplied toothbrush and a commercially available fluoride toothpaste , to rinse their mouths with water after brushing , and then to rinse with their assigned mouthrinse for one minute before expectorating . use of any other oral hygiene products or procedures , such as floss or interdental stimulators , was not permitted during the study . six weeks of product use , subjects returned to the clinical facility , having followed the same restrictions with respect to oral-hygiene procedures , eating and drinking , as with the baseline visit , and the oral soft and hard tissue assessments and gingivitis and dental plaque evaluations were repeated . and ten subjects complied with the protocol and completed the study . regard to supragingival plaque , after six weeks of product use , the subjects using the 0.05 % CPC mouthrinse exhibited statistically significant reductions from baseline in whole-mouth Plaque Index scores ( 32.1 % ) , in Plaque Index scores measured at interproximal sites ( 31.3 % ) , and in Plaque Severity Index scores ( 84.8 % ) . using the control mouthrinse exhibited statistically significant reductions from baseline in whole-mouth Plaque Index scores ( 7.0 % ) , in Plaque Index scores measured at interproximal sites ( 6.4 % ) , and in Plaque Severity Index scores ( 24.5 % ) . compared to the control mouthrinse group , the 0.05 % CPC mouthrinse group presented statistically significant greater reductions in whole-mouth Plaque Index scores ( 27.9 % ) , in Plaque Index scores measured at interproximal sites ( 27.9 % ) , and in Plaque Severity Index scores ( 81.1 % ) after six weeks of product use . regard to gingivitis , after six weeks of product use , subjects using the 0.05 % CPC mouthrinse exhibited statistically significant reductions from baseline in whole-mouth Gingival Index scores ( 25.0 % ) , in Gingival Index scores measured at interproximal sites ( 25.3 % ) , and in Gingivitis Severity Index scores ( 42.4 % ) . using the control mouthrinse exhibited statistically significant reductions from baseline in whole-mouth Gingival Index scores ( 6.5 % ) , in Gingival Index scores measured at interproximal sites ( 5.5 % ) , and in Gingivitis Severity Index scores ( 11.6 % ) . compared to the control mouthrinse group , the 0.05 % CPC mouthrinse group presented statistically significant greater reductions in whole-mouth Gingival Index scores ( 19.8 % ) , in Gingival Index scores measured at interproximal sites ( 20.7 % ) , and in Gingivitis Severity Index scores ( 35.5 % ) after six weeks of product use . results of this double-blind , parallel , six-week clinical study support the conclusion that a mouthrinse containing 0.05 % CPC is efficacious for controlling established dental plaque and gingivitis . measurements were conducted 12 hours after product use , the results also demonstrate that the 0.5 % CPC mouthrinse provides 12-hour protection against plaque and gingivitis ."
3564,Abstract #3564,"study examined the thyroxine ( T4 ) and free T4 ( FT4 ) status of women with bulimia nervosa and its value as a predictor of outcome . total of 135 women with bulimia nervosa underwent 12-weeks cognitive behavioral therapy treatment . to and at 3-year follow-up patients completed psychiatric assessments and serumT4 and FT4 were measured . 3-year follow-up , 71 % had no eating disorder and 29 % met criteria for any eating disorder diagnosis . T4 and FT4 concentrations were within normal ranges . T4 and FT4 concentrations were inversely associated with food restriction and purging frequency , respectively . with women with no eating disorder , those with any eating disorder at follow-up had lower pretreatment T4 concentrations . pre-treatment food restriction , oral contraceptive use and binge frequency where controlled for , low T4 concentration was the only predictor of eating disorder diagnosis at follow-up . T4 concentrations at pretreatment may be a predictor of poor outcome in bulimia nervosa ."
3565,Abstract #3565,"study the efficacy of early , enough methylprednisone combined with immunoglobulin in treatments of severe hand-foot-mouth disease . patients of severe hand-foot-mouth disease involved were randomized into group A and group B. Patients of both groups all accepted symptomatic treatment , supportive therapy and the treatment of control intracranial pressure . patients in group A received the treatment of early , enough methylprednisone combined with immunoglobulin , whereas patients in group B received conventional therapy . ; Curative rate of group A was better than that of group B , otherwise incidence rate of critical illness was less than that of group B. control time of fever , erythra , neurological symptoms , features of pneumonia and increased leukocyte of group A was shorter than that of group B , and no more recent or Long-term treatment-related adverse reaction in group A. , enough methylprednisone combined with immunoglobulin is effective , safe in treating severe hand-foot-mouth disease , and worthy to recommand its clinical use ."
3566,Abstract #3566,"investigate if the 180-mg diclofenac epolamine and heparin sodium 5600IU medicated plaster ( DHEP-heparin ) is more effective for pain reduction in mild-to-moderate contusions than the reference diclofenac epolamine 180mg plaster ( DHEP ) . multicenter , multinational , prospective , double-blind versus reference comparator and versus placebo , controlled trial had balanced random assignment in three parallel treatment groups . DHEP-heparin medicated plaster was compared to the DHEP medicated plaster and a placebo medicated plaster . total of 331 outpatients , aged 18 and 65 years , with unilateral mild-to-moderate muscle contusion , pain on standardized movement of 50mm , and superficial hematoma of 1014cm ( 2 ) completed the study . were applied each morning , for 20 hours daily for 14 consecutive days . were assessed in three visits , over 14 days , plus patients ' daily self-assessment . - Eudra CT n : 2005-003829-31 efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline in pain on movement after 3 days of treatment , compared between groups . efficacy endpoints included mean daily change from baseline in pain on movement during treatment , pain level as assessed at control visits after 7 and 14 days , time ( days ) to hematoma disappearance based on patients ' daily evaluations , rescue medication use , and overall treatment efficacy as judged by both patients and investigators . progressively declined in all groups , more rapidly in DHEP-heparin recipients , compared to DHEP , and in both active treatment groups compared to placebo . events were recorded in 24 of the 355 ( 6.7 % ) exposed patients , and generally resolved without need to interrupt treatment . DHEP-heparin plaster is superior to the reference DHEP plaster in reducing pain associated with mild-to-moderate muscle contusion . active treatments were significantly more effective than placebo , and each showed a comparably favorable , placebo-like safety profile ."
3567,Abstract #3567,"administration of opioids such as pethidine and fentanyl had been proven safe but that oftramadol has been controversial . is cheap and readily available , hence the need to further evaluate its intrathecal safety . study aimed at determining the hemodynamic and side effect profile of intrathecal tramadol . hundred and eighty six ( 186 ) ASA I or II patients scheduled for emergency open appendicectomy under spinal anesthesia were included in the study . BF ( n = 62 ) received intrathecal fentanyl 25 microg plus 3 ml of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine , Group BS ( n = 62 ) received 0.5 ml normal saline plus 3 ml of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine and Group BT ( n = 62 ) received intrathecal tramadol 25 mg plus 3 ml of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine . profile and side effects were monitored intraoperatively and 12 hours postoperatively . ( 24.2 % ) , 13 ( 20.9 % ) and 15 ( 24.5 % ) patients respectively in Groups BF , BS and BT had hypotension ( P = 0.886 ) . incidence of postoperative vomiting occurred in 2 patients ( 3.2 % ) in Group BF as compared to 3 patients ( 4.8 % ) in Group BS and 10 patients ( 16.1 % ) in Group BT ( P = 0.016 ) . surgeon in Group BF reported dissatisfaction but 18 patients ( 29 % ) in Group BS and 1 patient ( 1.6 % ) in Group BT had their surgeons reporting dissatisfaction ( P = 0.0001 ) . study shows that intrathecal tramadol 25 mg has higher incidence of post operative nausea and vomitting than 25 microg of intrathecal fentanyl but both drugs were safe ."
3568,Abstract #3568,"extraperitoneal ( TEP ) laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty procedure is significantly less painful than open repair , but it is not completely painless . aim of this study was to compare the effect of extraperitoneal infusion of 0.25 % levobupivacaine , 0.25 % bupivacaine , and placebo in patients undergoing TEP procedure in terms of pain reduction . patients were included in each group for TEP procedure . A received 40 mL of 0.9 % normal saline , group B received 40 mL of 0.25 % bupivacaine , and group C received 40 mL of 0.25 % levobupivacaine infused into the extraperitoneal space before closing . pain was assessed at 4 , 8 , 12 , 24 , 36 , and 48 h postoperatively . requirement , complications , and overall satisfaction were also recorded . demographic and surgical characteristics of the patients did not significantly differ among groups . were no statistical differences among groups in postoperative pain scores , total IV-PCA morphine requirement , complications , and overall satisfaction . infusion 40 mL of 0.25 % bupivacaine or 0.25 % levobupivacaine following TEP procedure did not show any benefit over placebo in terms of pain reduction ."
3569,Abstract #3569,"evidence suggests that prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding is associated with lower infant weight and length by 6 to 12 months of age . evidence , however , is based on observational studies , which are unable to separate the effects of feeding mode per se from selection bias , reverse causality , and the confounding effects of maternal attitudinal factors . cluster-randomized trial in the Republic of Belarus of a breastfeeding promotion intervention modeled on the World Health Organization ( WHO ) / UNICEF Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative versus control ( then current ) infant feeding practices . , full-term , singleton breastfed infants ( n = 17 046 ) weighing > or = 2500 g were enrolled soon after birth and followed up at 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months old for measurements of weight , length , and head circumference . were analyzed according to intention-to-treat , while accounting for within-cluster correlation . assess the potential for bias in observational studies of breastfeeding , we also analyzed our data as if we had conducted an observational study by ignoring treatment , combining the 2 randomized groups , and comparing 1378 infants weaned in the first month and those breastfed for the full 12 months of follow-up with either > or = 3 months ( n = 1271 ) or > or = 6 months ( n = 251 ) of exclusive breastfeeding . from the experimental sites were significantly more likely to be breastfed ( to any degree ) at 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months and were far more likely to be exclusively breastfed at 3 months ( 43.3 % vs 6.4 % ) . birth weight was nearly identical in the 2 groups ( 3448 g , experimental ; 3446 g , control ) . weight was significantly higher in the experimental group by 1 month of age ( 4341 vs 4280 g ) . difference increased through 3 months ( 6153 g vs 6047 g ) , declined slowly thereafter , and disappeared by 12 months ( 10564 g vs 10571 g ) . by z scores confirmed that infants in both groups gained more weight than the WHO/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference , with no evidence of undernutrition in the control group . followed a similar pattern . the observational analyses , infants weaned in the first month were slightly lighter and shorter at birth and their weight-for-age and length-for-age z scores declined by 1 month , but they caught up to both experimental and the other observational groups by 6 months and were heavier and longer by 12 months . infants in the 2 prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding groups , weight-for-age z scores fell slightly between 3 and 12 months ; length-for-age fell below the reference by 6 months with catch-up to the reference by 12 months . circumference showed no significant differences at any age between the 2 trial groups or among the observational groups . data , the first in humans based on a randomized experiment , suggest that prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding may actually accelerate weight and length gain in the first few months , with no detectable deficit by 12 months old . results add support to current WHO and UNICEF feeding recommendations . observational analysis showing faster weight and length gains with early weaning and slower gains with prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding may reflect unmeasured confounding differences or a true biological effect of formula feeding ."
3570,Abstract #3570,"depression ( PPD ) is a widespread worldwide phenomenon , but its etiology remains unclear . study reappraised how evolutionary theory could explain PPD as an adaptation through investigating the relationship between maternal age and PPD , and if this relationship is modified according to the number of children at home . cross-sectional study carried out in five primary health care units included 811 participants randomly selected among mothers of children up to five postpartum months in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . depression was defined by scores above 11 on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ( EPDS ) , and statistical analysis was based on multivariate logistic regression models . hundred and ninety-seven ( 24.3 % , CI 95 % 21.3-27 .2 ) participants were classified as PPD positives . age was significantly associated to PPD ( OR = 0.96 , p-value = 0.019 ) independently of socioeconomic and reproductive characteristics , conjugal status or substance consumption by the couple . , for each additional year , a reduction of 4 % in the chance of developing PPD could be anticipated , effect which was not modified by the number of children at home ( p-value = 0.602 ) . on social support was not included in this analysis since its relationship with maternal mental health would be better evaluated in a prospective fashion . findings suggest that adaptive mechanisms shaped through human generations persist contributing to the development of PPD in contemporary societies . to this evolutionary approach , as maternal age advances the reproductive potential diminishes and , consequently , mothers are less prone to develop PPD and reduce investment in new offspring ."
3571,Abstract #3571,"investigate the effects of fenofibrate and coenzyme Q ( 10 ) ( CoQ ) on diastolic function , ambulatory blood pressure ( ABP ) , and heart rate ( HR ) in type 2 diabetic subjects with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction ( LVDD ) . randomized , double-blind , 74 subjects to fenofibrate 160 mg daily , CoQ 200 mg daily , fenofibrate 160 mg plus CoQ 200 mg daily , or matching placebo for 6 months . ( including tissue Doppler imaging ) and 24-h ABP and HR monitoring were performed pre - and postintervention . fenofibrate nor CoQ , alone or in combination , altered early diastolic mitral annular myocardial relaxation velocity ( E ' ) , early-to-late mitral inflow velocity ratio ( E/A ) , deceleration time , isovolumic relaxation time , or the ratio of early mitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular myocardial relaxation velocity ( E/E ' ) compared with placebo ( P > 0.05 ) . and CoQ interactively ( P = 0.001 ) lowered 24-h systolic blood pressure ( -3.4 + / - 0.09 mmHg , P = 0.010 ) , with a prominent nocturnal effect ( -5.7 + / - 1.5 mmHg , P = 0.006 ) . ( -1.3 + / - 0.5 mmHg , P = 0.013 ) and CoQ ( -2.2 + / - 0.5 mmHg , P < 0.001 ) independently lowered 24-h diastolic blood pressure . reduced 24-h HR ( -3.3 + / - 0.5 beats/min , P < 0.001 ) , but CoQ had no effect on HR . type 2 diabetic subjects with LVDD , neither fenofibrate nor CoQ , alone or in combination , improved diastolic function significantly . , fenofibrate and CoQ independently and interactively lowered 24-h blood pressure , and fenofibrate alone reduced 24-h HR ."
3572,Abstract #3572,"guidelines recommend initial treatment with a beta-blocker or diuretic and adding the other drug where blood pressure is not controlled . hypothesized that systematic rotation through the major classes of antihypertensive drugs would demonstrate substantial differences in the pattern of an individual patient 's response , and suggest a more rational approach to choosing best treatment . young hypertensives ( age 28-55 , median 47 ) rotated in a double-blind , Latin-square , crossover fashion through 6 weeks of treatment each with amlodipine , doxazosin , lisinopril , bisoprolol , bendrofluazide and placebo . pressure was measured at each visit . Best ' drug , defined by efficacy and tolerability , was repeated at the end . doubled the number of patients reaching target blood pressure ( systolic < 140 mmHg ) on one drug ( P = 0.03 ) . five drugs were represented among the ` best ' drugs . six patients , the blood pressure on ` best ' drug was at least 10 mmHg lower than on any other . to the ` best ' drug was highly correlated ( r = 0.79 ) with its previous administration . contrast , there were only weak correlations between responses to pairs of drugs , except for angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitor ( A ) with beta-blocker ( B ) , and calcium blocker ( C ) with diuretic ( D ) - each r = 0.71 , P < 0.005 ) . these young patients , the majority of patients ( 23/34 ) responded best to a drug suppressing the renin system ( A and B ) . vary reproducibly in their response to initial treatment , and switching among drugs can increase the efficacy of monotherapy . results support an AB/CD scheme for choosing therapy , in which the first drug is taken from one of these pairs , and uncontrolled patients switch to one of the other pair ."
3573,Abstract #3573,"with oral antihyperglycemic agents has not been well characterized in patients with type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) . efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and glipizide monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and ESRD on dialysis therapy were assessed in this study . , randomized , double-blind , parallel-arm study . 31 clinical sites in 12 countries , 129 patients 30 years or older with type 2 diabetes and ESRD who were on dialysis therapy and had a hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) level of 7 % -9 % were randomly assigned 1:1 to treatment . with sitagliptin , 25 mg daily or glipizide ( initiated with 2.5 mg daily and titrated up to a potential maximum dose of 10 mg twice daily or down to avoid hypoglycemia ) . end points were 54-week change in HbA1c level from baseline and tolerability with sitagliptin . secondary end point was the comparison of sitagliptin versus glipizide on the incidence of symptomatic hypoglycemia . 129 patients randomly assigned , 64 were in the sitagliptin group ( mean baseline age , 61 years ; HbA1c , 7.9 % ) and 65 were in the glipizide group ( mean baseline age , 59 years ; HbA1c , 7.8 % ) . 54 weeks , the least squares mean change from baseline in HbA1c level was -0.72 % ( 95 % CI , -0.95 % to -0.48 % ) with sitagliptin and -0.87 % ( 95 % CI , -1.11 % to -0.63 % ) with glipizide , for a difference of 0.15 % ( 95 % CI , -0.18 % to 0.49 % ) . incidences of symptomatic hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia were 6.3 % versus 10.8 % ( between-group difference , -4.8 % [ 95 % CI , -15.7 % to 5.6 % ] ) and 0 % versus 7.7 % ( between-group difference , -7.8 % [ 95 % CI , -17.1 % to -1.9 % ] ) in the sitagliptin and glipizide groups , respectively . incidences ( ie , 95 % CI around between-treatment difference excluded 0 ) of cellulitis and headache were found with sitagliptin compared to glipizide ( 6.3 % vs 0 % , respectively , for both ) . sample size limits between-group comparisons . with sitagliptin or glipizide monotherapy was effective and well tolerated over 54 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes and ESRD who were receiving dialysis ."
3574,Abstract #3574,"and increased intraabdominal pressure during prolonged pneumoperitoneum can adversely affect cardiac function . study compared the intraoperative hemodynamics of morbidly obese patients during laparoscopic and open gastric bypass ( GBP ) . patients with a body mass index ( BMI ) of 40-60 kg/m2 were randomly allocated to undergo laparoscopic ( n = 25 ) or open ( n = 26 ) GBP . output ( CO ) , mean pulmonary artery pressure ( MPAP ) , pulmonary artery wedge pressure ( PAWP ) , central venous pressure ( CVP ) , heart rate ( HR ) , and mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) were recorded at baseline , intraoperatively at 30-min intervals , and in the recovery room . vascular resistance ( SVR ) and stroke volume ( SV ) were also calculated . two groups were similar in terms of age , weight , and BMI . time was longer in the laparoscopic than in the open group ( p < 0.05 ) . HR and MAP increased significantly from baseline intraoperatively , but there was no significant difference between the two groups . the laparoscopic group , CO was unchanged after insufflation , but it increased by 5.3 % at 2.5 h compared to baseline and by 43 % compared to baseline in the recovery room . contrast , during open GBP , CO increased significantly by 25 % after surgical incision and remained elevated throughout the operation . was higher during open GBP than during laparoscopic GBP at 0.5 h and at 1 h after surgical incision ( p < 0.05 ) . laparoscopic GBP , CVP , MPAP , and SVR increased transiently and PAWP remained unchanged . open GBP , CVP , MPAP , and PAWP decreased transiently and SVR remained unchanged . was no significant difference in the amount of intraoperative fluid administered during laparoscopic ( 5.5 + / - 1.6 L ) and open ( 5.6 + / - 1.7 L ) GBP . pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic gastric bypass does not impair cardiac function and is well tolerated by morbidly obese patients ."
3575,Abstract #3575,"failure ( HF ) is associated with decreased quality of life , high re-admission rate and poor prognosis . particular , ischemic heart failure ( IHF ) has a worse prognosis than nonischemic HF . use of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) alongside Western medicine to treat HF has developed into an integrative treatment model in China . have been small clinical trials and experimental studies to demonstrate the efficacy of TCM for treating HF ; however , there is still a lack of high-quality trials . Yiqi dripping pills ( QSYQ ) , a TCM drug , have been commonly used alongside standardized Western medicine to treat IHF . paper describes the protocol for the clinical assessment of QSYQ in IHF patients . randomized , double-blind , multicenter , placebo-controlled trial will assess the efficacy and safety of QSYQ in the treatment of IHF . trial is to enroll 640 IHF patients from 32 hospitals in China . their standardized Western medicine , patients will be randomized to receive treatment of either QSYQ or placebo for 6 months and follow-up monitoring for at least a further 6 months . primary outcome is increased exercise capacity of patients , which will be measured using the 6-minute walking test ( 6MWT ) . secondary outcomes include composite endpoints : all-cause mortality , frequency of hospitalization or emergency due to cardiovascular events , brain natriuretic peptide levels , left ventricular ejection fraction , and cardiothoracic ratio will be documented , as well as scores on the New York Heart Association classification and Minnesota quality of life index , and information obtained from the four TCM diagnostic methods . lipid tests will also be administered . integrative treatment model of TCM alongside Western medicine has developed into a treatment model in China . rigorous design of the trial will assure an objective and scientific assessment of the efficacy and safety of QSYQ in the treatment of IHF ."
3576,Abstract #3576,"have documented an altered body composition in Turner syndrome ( TS ) . fat is increased and muscle mass is decreased . failure necessitates substitution with female hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) , and HRT induces favourable changes in body composition . is unknown how HRT affects protein metabolism . test whether alterations in body composition before and after HRT in TS are a result of altered protein metabolism . performed a randomized crossover study with active treatment ( HRT in TS and oral contraceptives in controls ) or no treatment . studied eight women ( age 29.7 + / - 5.6 ( mean + / - SD ) years ) with TS , verified by karyotype , and eight age-matched controls ( age 27.3 + / - 4.9 years ) . subjects underwent a 3-h study in the postabsorptive state . dynamics of the whole body and of the forearm muscles were measured by an amino acid tracer dilution technique using [ ( 15 ) N ] phenylalanine and [ ( 2 ) H ( 4 ) ] tyrosine . metabolism was examined by indirect calorimetry . expenditure was comparable among TS and controls , and did not change during active treatment . phenylalanine and tyrosine fluxes were similar in the untreated situations , and did not change during active treatment . acid degradation and protein synthesis were similar in all situations . protein breakdown was similar among groups , and was not affected by treatment . protein synthesis rate and forearm blood flow did not differ among groups or due to treatment . metabolism in TS is comparable to controls , and is not affected by HRT ."
3577,Abstract #3577,"2-year multicenter , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study examined the efficacy and safety of different doses of 17beta-estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) alone and continuous-combined oral formulations of E ( 2 ) and norethindrone acetate ( NETA ) versus placebo in the prevention of bone loss in newly menopausal women . were randomized to one of seven groups : placebo , E ( 2 ) 0.25 mg , E2 0.5 mg , E ( 2 ) 1 mg , E ( 2 ) 1 mg/NETA 0.25 mg , E ( 2 ) 1 mg/NETA 0.5 mg , or E ( 2 ) 2 mg/NETA 1 mg . was a once-daily tablet taken for 26 months . primary efficacy endpoint was the change in bone mineral density ( BMD ) at the lumbar spine , measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , at screening and at 13 , 19 , and 26 months . changes at the femoral neck and trochanter were also assessed . markers of bone metabolism were measured at baseline , and at 3 , 6 , 13 , 19 , and 26 months . diagnoses of endometrial samples were tabulated for each treatment group . total of 327 women were randomized and 189 women completed the 2-year trial . at the lumbar spine decreased 2.3 % in the placebo group . lowest dose of unopposed E ( 2 ) prevented bone loss at the spine and hip . increases in spine BMD compared with placebo occurred in all groups of treatment with E ( 2 ) and were more pronounced in the combination groups . with placebo , women receiving active treatment experienced greater reductions in bone resorption markers . effects were evident by 6 months and generally remained stable thereafter . events , primarily associated with the endometrium , were the most common reasons for discontinuation . is a dose-dependent effect of E ( 2 ) on BMD . addition of NETA seems to enhance the response in BMD observed with E ( 2 ) . doses of E ( 2 ) ( 1 mg and lower ) can be considered for the prevention of osteoporosis , while titrating the hormone dose to individual patient 's needs ."
3578,Abstract #3578,"now provide strong evidence that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine possesses rapidly acting antidepressant properties . study aimed to determine if a low dose of ketamine could be used to expedite and augment the antidepressant effects of electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) treatments in patients experiencing a severe depressive episode . with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder referred for ECT treatment of a major depressive episode were randomized to receive thiopental alone or thiopental plus ketamine ( 0.5 mg/kg ) for anesthesia before each ECT session . Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( HDRS ) was administered at baseline and at 24 to 72 hours after the first and sixth ECT sessions . therapy exerted a significant antidepressant effect in both groups ( F2 ,24 = 14.35 , P < 0.001 ) . , there was no significant group effect or group-by-time interaction on HDRS scores . addition , post hoc analyses of the time effect on HDRS showed no significant HDRS reduction after the first ECT session for either group . results of this pilot study suggest that ketamine , at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg , given just before ECT , did not enhance the antidepressant effect of ECT . , the results further suggest that the coadministration of ketamine with a barbiturate anesthetic and ECT may attenuate the immediate antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ."
3579,Abstract #3579,"anesthesia is widely used for caesarean section due to its rapid onset , low failure rate , complete analgesia . of intrathecal ketamine and opioids to local anaesthetics seems to improve the quality of block and prolong the duration of analgesia . purpose of this study was to compare the effect of intrathecal ketamine mixed with hyperbaric bupivacaine to intrathecal fentanyl mixed with hyperbaric bupivacaine . hundred parturients ASA Grade I scheduled for elective or semiurgent caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly divided into two groups . A received 2ml ( 10 mg ) hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5 % plus 25 mg preservative free ketamine . B received 2ml ( 10mg ) hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5 % plus 25g fentanyl . patients were observed intraoperatively for the onset of sensory block , degree of motor block and total duration of analgesia . time to achieve Bromage scale 3 motor blockade was shorter in Group A than in Group B. ( p = 0.445 ) whereas time to achieve highest dermatomal level of sensory block was shorter in Group A than in Group B ( p = 0.143 ) . duration of spinal analgesia was longer in Group B than in Group A ( p = 0.730 ) . frequency of side effect such as sedation score was higher in Group A compared to Group B ( p = 0.048 ) . incidence of pruritus was significantly higher in Group B compared to Group A ( p = 0.000 ) . of preservative free ketamine lead to faster onset of sensory and motor blockade , although it did not prolong the duration of spinal analgesia compared to addition of fentanyl in parturients undergoing caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia ."
3580,Abstract #3580,", almost 4 million newborns die during the first 4 weeks of life every year . increased use of evidence-based knowledge in the healthcare system a large proportion of these neonatal deaths could be prevented . there is a severe lack of knowledge on effective methods for successful implementation of evidence into practice , particularly in low - and middle-income countries . studies have demonstrated promising results with increased survival among both mothers and newborns using community-based approaches . Vietnam evidence-based guidelines on reproductive health were launched in 2003 and revised in 2009 . overall objective of the current project is to evaluate if a facilitation intervention on the community level , with a problem-solving approach involving local representatives if the healthcare system and the community , results in improvements of neonatal health and survival . study , which has been given the acronym NeoKIP ( Neonatal Health - Knowledge Into Practice ) , took place in 8 districts composed by 90 communes in a province in northern Vietnam , where neonatal mortality rate was 24/1000 in 2005 . cluster randomised design was used , allocating clusters , as defined as a commune and its correponding Commune Health Center ( CHC ) to either intervention or control arm . facilitation intervention targeted staff at healthcare centres and key persons in the communes . facilitator role was performed by lay women ( Women 's Union representatives ) using quality improvement techniques to initiate and sustain improvement processes targeting identified problem areas . intervention has been running over 3 years and data were collected on the facilitation process , healthcare staff knowledge in neonatal care and their behaviour in clinical practice , and reproductive and perinatal health indicators . outcome is neonatal mortality . intervention is participatory and dynamic , focused on developing a learning process and a problem-solving cycle . study recognises the vital role of the local community as actors in improving their own and their newborns ' health , and applies a bottom-up approach where change will be accomplished by an increasing awareness at and demand from grass root level . utilising the existing healthcare structure this intervention may , if proven successful , be well suited for scaling up . Controlled Trials ISRCTN44599712 ."
3581,Abstract #3581,"ritonavir , a human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) protease inhibitor , and clarithromycin , a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of disseminated infection caused by Mycobacterium avium complex , are likely to be administered concurrently for treatment of patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , the drug interaction potential of these 2 agents was evaluated . clarithromycin and ritonavir are metabolized to a significant extent through cytochrome P450-mediated biotransformation and are potential inhibitors of these enzymes . evaluate the pharmacokinetic effects of concomitant administration of multiple doses of ritonavir and clarithromycin . was an open-label , randomized , 3-period crossover study . alone ( 200 mg every 8 hours ) , clarithromycin alone ( 500 mg every 12 hours ) , and ritonavir and clarithromycin in combination were administered to 22 healthy volunteers . samples were collected on day 4 for determination of ritonavir , clarithromycin , and its metabolite 14 - ( R ) - hydroxyclarithromycin . practically completely inhibited the formation of 14 - ( R ) - hydroxyclarithromycin . mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve ( AUC ) for clarithromycin increased by 77 % with concomitant ritonavir , and the harmonic mean terminal half-life increased from 5 hours to 14 hours . significant increases in peak plasma concentration ( 31 % ) and minimum plasma concentration ( 182 % ) were also observed . effect of concomitant clarithromycin administration on ritonavir pharmacokinetics was statistically significant but small , with a 12.5 % increase in mean AUC and a 15.3 % increase in peak plasma concentration . terminal half-life increased from 3.47 to 3.87 hours with concomitant clarithromycin . adjustment of the ritonavir dose is necessary when administered with clarithromycin . addition , no changes in clarithromycin dose are warranted in patients with normal renal function ."
3582,Abstract #3582,"sought to determine the incidence of left atrial ( LA ) thrombi in patients in sinus rhythm ( SR ) and with a recent neurologic deficit and to analyze the relation between LA thrombi and LA chamber and appendage function in patients in SR. . prospective study was conducted in 869 consecutive patients . study group consisted of 583 patients in SR ( 67 % ) . remaining 286 patients had atrial fibrillation ( AF ) and served as controls ( 33 % ) . incidence of LA thrombi was significantly higher in patients with AF ( n = 39 [ 14 % ] ) compared with patients in SR ( n = 6 [ 1 % ] ; P < .001 ) . of 6 patients with thrombi in SR had mitral stenosis , 1 patient had aortic stenosis , 1 patient had coronary artery disease , and another patient had a cardiomyopathy . the patients with detected thrombi , those in SR did not receive anticoagulation , whereas those with AF did in 18 cases . with thrombi in SR and with AF did not significantly differ in LA diameter ( 5.1 + / - 0.8 cm vs 4.8 + / - 0.7 cm ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , -0.78 to 0.45 ) , left ventricular ejection fraction ( 46 % + / - 13 % vs 42 % + / - 15 % ; 95 % CI , -18.7 to 7.4 ) , LA appendage area ( 5.8 + / - 2.7 cm ( 2 ) vs 6.7 + / - 3.2 cm ( 2 ) ; 95 % CI , -1.9 to 3.6 ) , peak emptying velocity of the LA appendage ( 0.19 + / - 0.08 m/s vs 0.17 + / - 0.07 m/s ; 95 % CI , -0.08 to 0.04 ) , or LA spontaneous echo contrast ( 3.5 + / - 0.6 vs 3.9 + / - 0.5 ; 95 % CI , -0.06 to 0.45 ) . appendage thrombi are an infrequent cause of thromboembolism in patients in SR and are associated either with mitral valve disease or LA chamber and appendage dysfunction . transesophageal echocardiography for the exclusion of LA thrombi is not recommended in patients in SR without underlying heart disease and normal LA function as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography ."
3583,Abstract #3583,"optimal surgical management of dislocated three - and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients remains unclear . used techniques are hemiarthroplasty and angle-stable locking compression plate osteosynthesis . the current literature there is no evidence available presenting superior results between hemiarthroplasty and angle-stable locking compression plate osteosynthesis in terms of speed of recovery , pain , patient satisfaction , functional outcome , quality of life or complications . randomized controlled multicenter trial will be conducted . older than 60 years of age with a dislocated three - or four-part fracture of the proximal humerus as diagnosed by X-rays and CT-scans will be included . criteria are a fracture older than 14 days , multiple comorbidity , multitrauma , a pathological fracture , previous surgery on the injured shoulder , severely deranged function caused by a previous disease , `` head-split '' proximal humerus fracture and unwillingness or inability to follow instructions . will be randomized between surgical treatment with hemiarthroplasty and angle-stable locking compression plate osteosynthesis . will take place preoperatively and 3 months , 6 months , 9 months , 12 months and 24 months postoperatively . outcome measure is speed of recovery of functional capacity of the affected upper limb using the Disabilities of Arm , Shoulder and Hand score ( DASH ) . outcome measures are pain , patient satisfaction , shoulder function , quality of life , radiological evaluation and complications . will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis , using univariate and multivariate analyses . hemiarthroplasty and angle-stable locking compression plate osteosynthesis are used in the current treatment of dislocated three-and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus . is a lack of level-1 studies comparing these two most-used surgical treatment options . randomized controlled multicenter trial has been designed to determine which surgical treatment option provides the fastest recovery of functional capacity of the affected upper limb , and will provide better outcomes in pain , satisfaction , shoulder function , quality of life , radiological evaluation and complications . trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Registry ( NTR2461 ) ."
3584,Abstract #3584,"inhalation induction of anaesthesia is widely used in paediatric anaesthesia . have found that this method is frequently associated with epileptiform electroencephalogram ( EEG ) in adults , especially if controlled hyperventilation is used . assessed EEG during sevoflurane inhalation induction in 31 children , aged 2-12 yr . was induced with 8 % sevoflurane in O2 in N2O 1:2 . patients were randomized to undergo controlled ventilation ( CV group ) , or to breathe spontaneously ( SB group ) for 5 min . was recorded as were noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate ( HR ) . recordings were classified by a clinical neurophysiologist . different types of interictal epileptiform discharge were detected . with spikes ( SSP ) was found in 25 % and 0 % in the CV and SB groups , rhythmic polyspikes ( PSR ) in 44 % and 20 % , and periodic epileptiform discharges ( PED ) in 44 % and 0 % ( P < 0.01 ) , respectively . incidence of all different types of interictal epileptiform discharge ( SSP+PSR+PED ) was 88 % and 20 % ( P < 0.001 ) , respectively . EEG was associated with increased heart rate and blood pressure during anaesthetic induction . ventilation modes produced epileptiform EEG . controlled ventilation , epileptiform discharges were seen in 88 % of children . warrants further studies of the suitability of this induction type in general , and especially in children with epilepsy ."
3585,Abstract #3585,"is common in critically ill children and appears to be associated with poor outcomes . , the incidence of hypoglycemia while attempting glycemic control using an insulin infusion may be as high as 25 % and hypoglycemia may be an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill children . improvement team developed a guideline for initiation and maintenance of insulin infusions for hyperglycemia in critically ill , nondiabetic patients in the pediatric intensive care unit . guideline included an insulin infusion algorithm that provided an initiating dose , titration instructions , and discontinuation parameters . recommendations addressed the frequency of bedside blood glucose monitoring and management of symptomatic hypoglycemia while on insulin infusion . guideline was implemented in late January 2007 and revised in September 2007 . events in at-risk patients decreased significantly following implementation of the guideline , from 36 % to 3 % , despite an increase in the total number of patient days on insulin infusion . average days between hypoglycemic events increased from 21 to 186 . of a guideline to manage critical illness hyperglycemia in nondiabetic , critically ill pediatric patients resulted in a reduction in hypoglycemic events and a sustained increase in the days between such events ."
3586,Abstract #3586,"evaluate the effects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses of rupatadine on cardiac repolarization in line with a ` thorough QT/QTc study ' protocol performed according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines . was a randomized ( gender-balanced ) , parallel-group study involving 160 healthy volunteers . , 10 and 100 mg day ( -1 ) , and placebo were administered single-blind for 5 days , whilst moxifloxacin 400 mg day ( -1 ) was given on days 1 and 5 in open-label fashion . were recorded over a 23-h period by continuous Holter monitoring at baseline and on treatment days 1 and 5 . 10-s ECG samples were downloaded at regular intervals and were analysed independently . primary analysis of QTc was based on individually corrected QT ( QTcI ) . effects on QTcI were assessed using the largest time-matched mean difference between the drug and placebo ( baseline-subtracted ) for the QTcI interval . negative ` thorough QT/QTc study ' is one where the main variable is around < or = 5 ms , with a one-sided 95 % confidence interval that excludes an effect > 10 ms. validity of the trial was confirmed by the fact that the moxifloxacin-positive control group produced the expected change in QTcI duration ( around 5 ms ) . ECG data for rupatadine at both 10 and 100 mg showed no signal effects on the ECG , after neither single nor repeated administration . , no pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship , gender effects or clinically relevant changes in ECG waveform outliers were observed . deaths or serious or unexpected adverse events were reported . ` thorough QT/QTc study ' confirmed previous experience with rupatadine and demonstrated that it had no proarrhythmic potential and raised no concerns regarding its cardiac safety ."
3587,Abstract #3587,"patients ( VPs ) offer valuable alternative encounters when live patients with rare conditions , such as cranial nerve ( CN ) palsies , are unavailable ; however , little is known regarding simulation and optimal social learning context . learning outcomes and perspectives between students interacting with VPs in individual and team contexts . medical students were randomly assigned to interview and examine four VPs with possible CN damage either as individuals or in three-person teams , using Neurological Examination Rehearsal Virtual Environment ( NERVE ) . was measured through diagnosis accuracy and pre - / post-simulation knowledge scores . of learning context were collected post-simulation . in teams submitted correct diagnoses significantly more often than students as individuals for CN-IV ( p = 0.04 ; team = 86.1 % ; individual = 65.9 % ) and CN-VI ( p = 0.03 ; team = 97.2 % ; individual = 80.5 % ) . scores increased significantly in both contexts ( p < 0.001 ) ; however , a significant aptitude-treatment interaction effect was observed ( p = 0.04 ) . pre-test scores 25.8 % , students in teams scored significantly higher ( 66.7 % ) than students as individuals ( 43.1 % ) at post-test ( p = 0.03 ) . recommended implementing future NERVE exercises in teams over five other modality-timing combinations . allow us to define best practices for integrating VP simulators into medical education . NERVE experiences in team environments with medical students in the future may be preferable ."
3588,Abstract #3588,"evaluate the efficacy of the arched blade for making clear corneal incisions in cataract surgery . prospective study comprised 112 eyes of 74 patients scheduled for cataract surgery . clear corneal incisions were made with either a 3.2-mm conventional flat blade or the arched blade . choice of knife was randomly assigned . surgeons , one with substantial cataract surgery experience and the other with less experience , performed the surgery . topography and aberration were examined pre - and postoperatively . degree of surgically induced astigmatism ( SIA ) and high order aberration was analysed . self-sealing ability of the wound was also compared between both blades . the less experienced surgeon , the degree of SIA was significantly higher with the 3.2-mm flat blade than with the 3.2-mm arched blade as measured at any time during postoperative follow-up . the more experienced surgeon , the degree of high order aberration increased significantly with the 3.2-mm flat blade . incision 's self-sealing ability was significantly better when the wound was made with the arched blade rather than with the flat blade . arched blade proved to be effective in reducing surgically induced astigmatism and high order aberration in cataract surgery , particularly when used by the less experienced surgeon . the arched blade should lead to better wound self-sealing and , therefore , safer surgical results ."
3589,Abstract #3589,"prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV ) is becoming more frequent in elderly population . presence of comorbid factors has to be considered before assessment as well as before commencing any repositioning treatment . aims were evaluation of the maneuvers efficacy and evaluation of the applicability of hybrid maneuver ( HM ) in patients with physical limitation . is a randomized study in 2 tertiary referral centers . is a therapeutic intervention . consecutive patients with diagnosis of BPPV of posterior canal matching the inclusion criteria were enrolled . underwent treatment soon after the initial diagnosis in all cases with a repositioning maneuver . maneuver was casually selected among Semont , Epley , and hybrid . were divided into 3 groups according to the maneuver adopted . patients with posterior canal BPPV were enrolled for treatment . exact test showed that no statistical differences exist between HM and other maneuvers in terms of efficacy . of repositioning nystagmus appeared longer in HM in comparison with other maneuvers ( P < .05 ) . of maneuvers used for BPPV decreases in case of cupulolithiasis ( P < .0001 ) . found no relationship between age , sex , and length of disturbance on response to maneuvers . maneuvers evaluated demonstrated similar efficacy . HM , as our data showed , allows us to obtain a good percentage of success similar to most maneuvers used . is also more comfortable for the patients with hip or neck functional limitation allowing an effective treatment of the posterior canal BPPV ."
3590,Abstract #3590,"investigate the impact of the boost dose to the primary tumour bed in the framework of breast conserving therapy on local control , cosmetic results , fibrosis and overall survival for patients with early stage breast cancer . thousand five hundred and sixty-nine patients after lumpectomy followed by whole breast irradiation of 50 Gy were randomised . a microscopically complete lumpectomy ( 5318 patients ) , the boost doses were either 0 or 16 Gy , while after a microscopically incomplete ( 251 patients ) lumpectomy randomisation was between 10 and 26 Gy . results at a median follow-up of 10 years are presented . 10 years , the cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 10.2 % versus 6.2 % for the 0 Gy and the 16 Gy boost groups ( p < 0.0001 ) and 17.5 % versus 10.8 % for the 10 and 26 Gy boost groups , respectively ( p > 0.1 ) . was no statistically significant interaction per age group but recurrences tended to occur earlier in younger patients . younger patients had a higher cumulative risk of local relapse by year 10 , the magnitude of the absolute 10-year risk reduction achieved with the boost decreased with increasing age . of fibrosis was significantly dependent on the boost dose with a 10-year rate for severe fibrosis of 1.6 % after 0 Gy , 3.3 % after 10 Gy , 4.4 % after 16 Gy and 14.4 % after 26 Gy , respectively . increase of the dose with 16 Gy improved local control for patients after a complete lumpectomy only . development of fibrosis was clearly dose dependent . 10 years median follow-up , no impact of survival was observed ."
3591,Abstract #3591,"randomized controlled trial of outpatient commitment was conducted in North Carolina to provide empirical data on involuntary outpatient commitment and to evaluate its effectiveness in improving outcomes among persons with severe mental illnesses . total of 331 involuntarily hospitalized patients awaiting discharge under outpatient commitment were randomly assigned to be released or to undergo outpatient commitment . received case management services and outpatient treatment . in both groups were monitored for one year . the initial 90-day outpatient commitment order , a patient could receive a renewable 180-day extension . in the control group were immune from outpatient commitment for one year . was obtained from self-reports and reports of several informants as well as from outpatient treatment , hospital , and arrest records . most bivariate analyses , outcomes for the outpatient commitment group and the control group did not differ significantly when the duration of outpatient commitment was not taken into account . , patients who underwent sustained outpatient commitment and who received relatively intensive outpatient treatment had fewer hospital admissions and fewer days in the hospital , were more likely to adhere to community treatment , and were less likely to be violent or to be victimized . outpatient commitment was also associated with fewer arrests of participants with a combined history of multiple rehospitalizations and previous arrests . intervention was particularly effective among individuals with psychotic disorders . commitment can improve treatment outcomes when the court order is sustained and combined with relatively intensive community treatment . court order alone can not substitute for effective treatment in improving outcomes ."
3592,Abstract #3592,"evaluate the efficacy of 2 % topical ciclosporin A in treating and preventing graft rejection episodes after penetrating keratoplasty ( PKP ) in patients with a history of graft rejection episodes . this prospective , randomised , double-blind clinical trial , a group of PKP patients were randomly given 2 % topical ciclosporin A ( group 1 ) or a placebo ( group 2 ) in addition to a corticosteroid regimen upon an episode of subepithelial or endothelial graft rejection . topical ciclosporin and placebo were continued for 6 months . duration of corticosteroid application and the time to resolution of the rejection episode for which ciclosporin or placebo was started , the number of concurrent and subsequent rejection episodes , and the rate of rejection-free survival were compared between the two groups . eyes of 22 patients ( 12 men ) were in group 1 and 21 eyes of 21 patients ( 10 men ) were in group 2 . patient age was 32.48 ( 11.9 years and 35.48 ( 11.7 years in groups 1 and 2 , respectively ( p = 0.42 ) . follow-up period was 16.6 ( 6.1 months and 16.0 ( 6.3 months ( p = 0.75 ) and the episode for which 2 % topical ciclosporin or placebo was started completely resolved after 25.6 ( 21.0 days and 33.2 ( 16.7 days in groups 1 and 2 , respectively ( p = 0.22 ) . rejection-free graft survival rate was 34.8 % in group 1 and 31.7 % in group 2 at month 20 ( p = 0.89 ) . 2 % topical ciclosporin A did not add any advantage to conventional corticosteroid treatment in terms of treating and preventing graft rejection in PKP patients with previous history of rejection episodes ."
3593,Abstract #3593,"involved in the early stages of a passionate romantic relationship can be consumed by the experience and report emotional dependence and constant focus on their romantic partner . few studies have shown that viewing pictures of a romantic partner can significantly reduce experimental pain . strength of the effect , however , varies substantially between individuals . study why some individuals experience significant pain reduction when looking at a picture of their partner , we examined partner preoccupation . hypothesized that a greater degree of preoccupation in the early stages of a romantic relationship would be associated with greater analgesia during a pain induction task . were shown pictures of their romantic partner or an equally attractive and familiar acquaintance while exposed to low , moderate , or high levels of thermal pain . were also asked to rate how much time they spent thinking about their romantic partner during an average day . of preoccupation was defined as the percentage of time participants spent thinking about their partner on an average day . two separate experiments , viewing pictures of a romantic partner produced an analgesic effect . degree of pain relief was positively correlated with partner preoccupation . results suggest that preoccupation with a romantic partner during early stage romantic love is a predictor of pain relief when viewing pictures of the beloved ."
3594,Abstract #3594,"investigate the effects of telmisartan on the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) mRNA in monocyte-derived macrophages of hypertensive patients accompanied with diabetes . essential hypertensive patients accompanied with diabetes were randomly divided into two groups : regular treatment group , and telmisartan group . the content of ACE and ACE2 in serum was detected by ELISA , and the expression of ACE mRNA and ACE2 mRNA in monocyte-derived macrophages of patients was detected by RT-PCR before and after having been treated . 1 ) After having been treated for 4 weeks and 12 weeks , the blood pressure of the patients in two groups were decreased significantly , Comparing with regular group , telmisartan group seemed to have more obvious therapeutic effect ( P < 0.05 ) ; ( 2 ) After having been treated for 12 weeks , glycosylated hemoglobin diseased in both group , but there was no significant difference between the two group ( P > 0.05 ) ; ( 3 ) In telmisartan group , the content of ACE2 in serum was increased after having been treated for 12 weeks than that in regular treatment group , [ ( 23.9 8.2 ) U/L vs ( 16.3 8.9 ) U/L , P < 0.05 ] ; and the expression of ACE2 mRNA in monocyte-derived macrophages in telmisartan group was obviously increased after 12 weeks comparing with regular treatment group ( 0.73 0.06 vs 0.51 0.04 , P < 0.01 ) . role of telmisartan in decreasing blood pressure and it 's advantage to the metabolism of glucose are partly related with the up-regulation of ACE2 mRNA ."
3595,Abstract #3595,"validate the clinical value of the new Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scores ( ASDASs ) in assessing the disease activity and efficacy of TNF - inhibitor in AS and uSpA patients in China . hundred and thirty patients were included in our study . consisted of patients with active AS ( n = 87 ) and uSpA ( n = 30 ) participating in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of etanercept and patients with active AS ( n = 58 ) and uSpA ( n = 55 ) treated with infliximab . disease activity and treatment effects were assessed by ASDAS , BASDAI , patient global and the acute inflammation score of lumbar and SI joints by MRI . ability of all the measures was analysed by standardized mean difference and t-score . both the AS and uSpA groups , ASDAS correlated well with patient global score ( AS group : r = 0.65-0 .72 ; uSpA group : r = 0.52-0 .62 ) , ESR ( AS group : r = 0.57-0 .81 ; uSpA group : r = 0.63-0 .85 ) and CRP ( AS group : r = 0.51-0 .70 ; uSpA group : r = 0.61-0 .76 ) both at baseline and in changes from baseline to 6 weeks after TNF - inhibitor treatment . ASDAS scores outperformed BASDAI , patient global score , ESR , CRP and the acute inflammation score by MRI in differentiating patients with different levels of disease activity and patients with different levels of change in both AS and uSpA groups . was little difference in performance between the two versions of the ASDAS . new ASDAS is a highly effective measure in assessing disease activity and a great discriminatory measurement to assess the efficacy of TNF - inhibitor in Chinese AS patients and uSpA patients ."
3596,Abstract #3596,"anxiety disorder ( GAD ) is a chronic illness with psychic and somatic symptoms that do not respond uniformly in the first weeks of treatment . post-hoc analysis of pooled data from five placebo-controlled , double-blind , randomized studies in non-depressed GAD patients treated with venlafaxine extended release ( ER ) or placebo was performed to determine the temporal response of psychic and somatic symptoms to treatment over 8 weeks . of the studies included extension phases of up to 6 months , the results of which were also analyzed here . earliest symptoms to respond included both psychic symptoms ( anxious mood , tension , behavior at interview ) and somatic muscular , cardiovascular , and respiratory symptoms . last symptoms to respond included the psychic symptoms of insomnia and fear and the somatic sensory , gastrointestinal and autonomic symptoms , perhaps in part because of drug-related side effects . treatment beyond 8 weeks in venlafaxine ER responders for up to 6 months of total treatment results not only in additional improvement in early-responding symptoms , but also in the improvement of late-responding symptoms , perhaps due in part to the development of tolerance to antidepressant side effects . consideration should be given to maintaining partial responders to venlafaxine ER treatment on the same treatment for > or = 3-6 months ."
3597,Abstract #3597,"is a widely used technique for the treatment of complex coronary artery lesions but is so far only poorly supported by controlled studies . Comparison of Balloon-Angioplasty versus Rotational Atherectomy study ( COBRA ) is a multicentre , prospective , randomized trial to compare short - and long-term effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) and rotablation in patients with angiographically pre-defined complex coronary artery lesions . seven clinical sites 502 patients with pre-defined complex coronary artery lesions were assigned to either PTCA ( n = 250 ) or rotablation ( n = 252 ) . end-points were procedural success , 6-month restenosis rates in the treated segments , and major cardiac events during follow-up . success was achieved in 78 % ( PTCA ) , and 85 % ( rotablation ) ( P = 0.038 ) of cases . from PTCA to rotablation was 4 % and 10 % vice versa ( P = 0.019 ) . was no difference between PTCA and rotablation with respect to procedure-related complications such as Q wave infarctions ( 2.4 % each ) , emergency bypass surgery ( 1.2 % versus 2.4 % ) , and death ( 1.6 % versus 0.4 % ) . , more stents were required after PTCA ( 14.9 % versus 6.4 % , P < 0.002 ) , predominantly for bailout or unsatisfactory results . bail-out stents as an end-point , the procedural success rates were 73 % for angioplasty and 84 % for rotablation ( P = 0.006 ) . 6 months , symptomatic outcome , target vessel reinterventions and restenosis rates ( PTCA 51 % versus rotablation 49 % , P = 0.33 ) were not different . coronary artery lesions can be treated with a high level of success and low complication rates either by PTCA with adjunctive stenting or rotablation . long-term clinical and angiographic outcome is comparable ."
3598,Abstract #3598,"a surgeon uses a percutaneous volar approach to treat scaphoid waist fractures , central screw placement is complicated by the shape of the scaphoid and by obstruction by the trapezium . this study , we used radiographs and biomechanical tests to compare the standard volar percutaneous approach with the transtrapezial approach , with regard to central screw placement at the distal pole of the scaphoid . matched pairs of cadaveric wrists were randomly assigned to two treatment groups . fluoroscopic control , a guidewire was drilled into the scaphoid , either through a transtrapezial approach or through a standard volar approach that avoided the trapezium . position was measured in the coronal and sagittal planes . transverse osteotomy was performed along the scaphoid waist , and this was followed by the insertion of the longest possible cannulated headless bone screw . specimen was placed into a fixture with a pneumatically driven plunger resting on the surface of the distal pole . was applied by using a load-controlled test protocol in a hydraulic testing machine . guidewires were inside the central one-third of the proximal pole . guidewire positions at the distal pole differed significantly between the transtrapezial and standard volar approach groups ( p < 0.001 ) . load to 2 mm of displacement and the load to failure averaged , respectively , 324.4 N ( standard error of the mean [ SEM ] = 73.5 N ) and 386.4 N ( SEM = 65.6 N ) for the transtrapezial approach group compared with 125.7 N ( SEM = 22.6 N ) ( p = 0.002 ) and 191.4 N ( SEM = 36.30 N ) ( p = 0.005 ) for the standard volar approach group . data suggest that , in a cadaveric osteotomy-simulated scaphoid waist fracture model , the transtrapezial approach reliably achieves central positioning of a screw in the proximal and distal poles . position offers a biomechanical advantage compared with central placement in only the proximal pole ."
3599,Abstract #3599,"risks of death in childhood bacterial meningitis are well-identified , but factors influencing survival time have received less attention . understanding of this issue could help explain why adjuvant medications have performed unevenly in different trials . a post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data from a large bacterial meningitis treatment trial in Luanda , Angola , we compared time to death after initiation of antimicrobial treatment among 206 children with etiology and other patient characteristics . risks of dying very quickly ( 0-4 hours ) , quickly ( 4-8 hours ) or after longer periods were analyzed by logistic regression . time to death was 18.5 hours , half the time in Streptococcus pneumoniae ( 11.8 hours ) compared with Haemophilus influenzae ( 26.8 hours ) meningitis . all deaths caused by pneumococcal or H.influenzae meningitis , 42 % versus 16 % , respectively , occurred within the first 8 hours . addition , patients who succumbed within 8 hours , unlike those dying later , had a short disease history , shock , hypoglycemia and poor cerebrospinal fluid white cell response . to death in Angola is so short that hardly anything , except perhaps modern intensive care , is likely to improve outcome in a patient with meningitis , especially the pneumococcal disease ."
3600,Abstract #3600,"with Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) are encouraged to stay active to maintain their mobility . activity monitoring ( AM ) provides an objective way to determine type and amount of gait-related daily activities . investigate the effects of a home cueing training program on functional walking activity in PD . a single-blind , randomized crossover trial , PD patients allocated to early intervention received cueing training for 3 weeks , whereas the late intervention group received training in the following 3 weeks . was applied at home , using a prototype cueing device . was applied at baseline , 3 , 6 , and 12 weeks in the patient 's home , to record body movements . and motions were classified as percentage of total time spent on ( a ) static activity , further specified as % sitting and % standing , and ( b ) % dynamic activity , further specified as % walking , % walking periods exceeding 5 seconds ( W > 5s ) and 10 seconds ( W > 10s ) . coefficient analysis was applied . total of 153 patients participated in this trial . improvements were found for dynamic activity ( beta = 4.46 ; P < .01 ) , static activity ( beta = -3.34 ; P < .01 ) , walking ( beta = 4.23 ; P < .01 ) , W > 5s ( beta = 2.63 ; P < .05 ) , and W > 10s ( beta = 2.90 ; P < .01 ) . intervention effects declined significantly at 6 weeks follow-up . training in PD patients ' own home significantly improves the amount of walking as recorded by AM . effects reduced after the intervention period , pointing to the need for permanent cueing devices and follow-up cueing training ."
3601,Abstract #3601,"order to evaluate the biocompatibility profile of a newly designed peritoneal dialysis fluid ( PDF ) , we evaluated peritoneal leukocyte ( PMphi ) cytokine release following overnight in vivo dwells using standard , lactate-buffered , single-chamber bag PDF ( Lac-PDF ) and purely bicarbonate-buffered , double-chamber bag PDF containing 34 ( Bic-PDF ) or 39 ( Bic Hi-PDF ) mmol/L bicarbonate . randomized , open , crossover clinical trial with single weekly test dwells was performed in stable , long-term continuous ambulatory PD patients ( n = 8 ) . 8-hour overnight dwells , PMphi were exposed to different PDF containing 1.5 % glucose . drainage , peritoneal cells were isolated and incubated with RPMI 1640 medium for 2 or 3 hours , with and without stimulation by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) . vivo release of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) - alpha and interleukin ( IL ) -6 was measured by specific ELISA technique . pre-exposure to Lac-PDF , PMphi generated 242 + / - 279 pg TNFalpha/10 ( 6 ) cells and 157 + / - 105 pg IL-6 / 10 ( 6 ) cells . pre-exposed to Bic-PDF and Bic Hi-PDF , TNFa and IL-6 production of PMphi was not significantly different from Lac-PDF . LPS stimulation ( 100 ng/mL ) , PMD secretion of TNFalpha and IL-6 pre-exposed to three PDF revealed no significant differences between groups : TNFalpha was 2,864 + / - 1,216 , 2,910 + / - 1,202 , and 3,291 + / - 558 pg/10 ( 6 ) cells after overnight dwells with Lac-PDF , Bic-PDF , and Bic Hi-PDF , respectively . , LPS-stimulated ( 100 pg / mL ) PMphi showed IL-6 secretion of 891 + / - 335 , 1,380 + / - 1,149 , and 1,442 + / - 966 pg/10 ( 6 ) cells for Lac-PDF , Bic-PDF , and Bic Hi-PDF . long-term overnight dwells , initial pH , the different buffers , and varying glucose degradation product levels of PDF do not strongly affect PMphi function with respect to cytokine release . lack of significant differences between fluids may result from the complete dialysate equilibration achieved during the overnight intraperitoneal dwell ."
3602,Abstract #3602,"clinical trial tested the anti-stain efficacy at 3 and 6 months of a novel , sodium polyaspartate-containing , anti-stain dentifrice . addition , the efficacy of the new dentifrice in controlling gingival inflammation and inhibition of calculus deposition was tested . were recruited to this double blind randomised control clinical trial , and allocated to either test or control groups . presence of stain and calculus were entry criteria . of stain , calculus and gingival inflammation were recorded using the Shaw and Murray Stain score , Volpe-Manhold Calculus score and the Modified Gingival Index respectively . were made at baseline , prior to the removal of stain and calculus , and after 3 and 6 months . data were imputed by and the outcomes were analysed using univariate analysis . three months , toothpaste containing sodium polyaspartate was better ( difference of mean 1.13 with SEM 0.57 ) than control for the control of dental stain ( p < 0.05 ) . scores also showed a trend in favour of the test product ( difference of mean 1.03 with SEM 0.78 ) at six months ( p > 0.05 ) . was no difference between toothpastes with respect to calculus deposition or gingival inflammation . containing sodium polyaspartate was more effective than a control toothpaste at preventing deposition of dental stain for 3 months after professional tooth cleaning but showed no significant effect at 6 months . polyaspartate toothpaste was more effective than a control toothpaste at preventing dental stain formation and maybe helpful in controlling staining between episodes of scaling and polishing ."
3603,Abstract #3603,"addition to clinical risk markers , indices of left ventricular ( LV ) systolic function are valuable prognostic markers after acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) . studies have also suggested that LV diastolic function may contribute with prognostic information . present study assessed whether this assumption applies to a large population of patients with acute MI who underwent thrombolytic therapy . out of 608 patients participating in the ATTenuation by Adenosine of Cardiac Complications ( ATTACC ) study , with an ST-elevation acute MI underwent two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination at 4 ( range 2-10 ) days after admission . the follow-up period of 31 ( S.D. + / - 11 ) months , cardiovascular death occurred in 57 ( 11 % ) patients , nonfatal acute MI occurred in 77 ( 15 % ) , and 124 ( 24 % ) patients suffered a combined cardiovascular end-point ( either nonfatal acute MI or cardiovascular death ) . regression analysis showed that all indices of LV systolic function predicted cardiovascular death and combined cardiovascular end-points . LV diastolic function only a restrictive filling pattern predicted cardiovascular death . a multistep multivariate regression analysis in which the variables were introduced in a hierarchic order age , history of systemic hypertension , wall motion score index ( WMSi ) , and history of previous MI and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of cardiovascular death . history of systemic hypertension or congestive heart failure were independent predictors of nonfatal acute MI , while a history of systemic hypertension , wall motion score index and diabetes mellitus independently predicted combined cardiovascular end-points . results of this study confirmed that clinical risk indicators and LV systolic function were the most important independent predictors of cardiovascular death and combined cardiovascular end-points . diastolic function assessed by Doppler-echocardiography did not provide additional prognostic information ."
3604,Abstract #3604,"experimental periodontal sensor probe ( SP ) equipped with an optical fiber for recording function was developed . aim was to test the intraexaminer reproducibility of probing using the SP and to assess the consistency with the manual probe ( MP ) . SP was assembled with an external sheath covering the probe tip of an MP . sheath was slid backward by the free gingival margin while probing and the sliding distance was detected by the sensor . probing was conducted with the walking stroke at six sites for four first molar teeth in six maintenance patients with the SP and the MP at a 1-hour interval . deepest reading in the vicinity of each site was recorded . measurements were rerecorded 1 week later . mean depth was 3.03 and 3.08 mm recorded by the MP and SP , respectively . no significant difference was found between the probes ( P > 0.05 ) in all measurement sites , the mean depth at the lingual site of the upper left first molar was noticeably lower with the SP . sites 7 mm , significantly lower depth was recorded by the SP ( P < 0.05 ) . discrepancy in duplicate measurements was found in 76 % of all sites with MP and 92 % with SP . reproducibility of the SP was comparable to that of the MP . results indicate that for sites of maintenance patients with probing depth < 7 mm there was excellent agreement obtained by a single examiner using the SP compared to the MP ."
3605,Abstract #3605,"was a randomized clinical trial that compared the therapeutic impact of gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus cetuximab . results for patient-reported health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) outcomes are reported . completed the Brief Pain Inventory and a measure of emotional well-being ( each measured on a 0 to 10 scale ) at baseline and at weeks 5 , 9 , 13 , and 17 postrandom assignment . pain status was classified as palliated ( worst pain scores < 5 maintained for 2 consecutive cycles ) or not palliated ( remaining patients ) and tested with a chi ( 2 ) test . in emotional well-being and worst pain ( exploratory analysis ) were assessed over 17 weeks using generalized estimating equations with inverse probability of censoring weights . hundred twenty of 766 enrolled patients contributed baseline HRQL data . two treatment arms did not differ statistically in the percentage of patients with successful worst pain palliation . analyses showed significantly improved emotional well-being for patients on both arms by weeks 13 and 17 ( P < .01 and P < .001 ) . exploratory longitudinal analysis of worst pain showed significant decreases at all time points for both arms ( P < .01 and P < .001 ) . treatment arm differences for either worst pain or emotional well-being were not observed at any of the assessment times . observed palliated pain and improved well-being for patients on this trial . , these improvements were similar in both treatment arms , suggesting that the addition of cetuximab did not contribute to improvement in these HRQL outcomes ."
3606,Abstract #3606,"evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic low-dose amphotericin B ( 0.1 mg/kg per day ) ( LDA ) in preventing fungal infections in patients who have had a bone marrow transplant ( BMT ) . , randomized , controlled trial in which patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation received intravenous LDA or similar-appearing placebo from the onset of neutropenia until the absolute neutrophil count remained > 0.5 x 10 ( 9 ) / L , or until high-dose amphotericin B was initiated . surveillance cultures were obtained from all patients . of 18 patients ( 28 % ) randomized to placebo developed documented systemic fungal infections within the first 30 days after transplantation , compared to none of 17 patients who received LDA ( P = 0.045 ) . recipients received fewer days of high-dose amphotericin B ( P = 0.04 ) and fewer days of antibiotics ( P = 0.008 ) . were trends towards fewer days of hospitalization ( P = 0.14 ) and improved survival ( P = 0.08 ) ; these differences were statistically significant among recipients of allogeneic BMT . adverse effects occurred with LDA therapy . appears to be safe and to reduce early systemic fungal infections in BMT recipients . survival was observed among LDA recipients , but this was not directly attributable to the prevention of fungal infection ."
3607,Abstract #3607,"ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy is still the main technique in prostate cancer diagnosis . spite of being a relatively well-tolerated exploration , often results in an awkward and painful procedure , especially in those cases in which the number of samples increase . designed a prospective randomized study that compares biopsies tolerance with the use of intravenous analgesia and intrarectal gel with or without intracapsular prostatic anesthesia . have included an amount of 80 procedures between June 2006 and December 2007 . analgesia was given to all patients and 12.5 gr . lidocaine gel ( which contains 250 mg of lidocaine hydrochloride ) was instilled into the rectal vault . patients underwent methodically 10 cores biopsy after having an intracapsular injection of 8 ml . 2 % lidocaine in a randomized group . questionnaire with three measurements of the visual analogue scale of pain was given immediately after the procedure and another one thirty minutes later , as well as a satisfaction survey . average age of patients in control group was 68 years ( 48-73 range ) and 69 years ( 50-75 range ) in treatment group . average PSA was 7.1 ng/mL ( 4.8-9 .8 range ) in the first group and 7.3 ng/mL ( 4.5-9 .7 range ) in the second one . pain in the visual analogue scale in patients without intracapsular anesthesia was 8.3 ( 2 - 9 ) in the first questionnaire and 2 ( 0 - 4 ) in the second one , against 4 ( 0 - 8 ) and 1.33 ( 0-2 ) of the group who did receive anesthesia . we compare both groups , we find statistically significant differences only in immediately measurements ( p < 0,01 ) , not in the second questionnaire ( p = 0,2 ) . did n't find statistically significant differences as for urethral bleeding , rectorrhagia or infection between both groups . consider the injection of intracapsular lidocaine a reproductible technique and effective for both improving tolerance and diminishing the pain related to transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy without increasing morbidity ."
3608,Abstract #3608,"55 prepubertal children with growth failure , aged 8.62 + / - 2.89 years , we evaluated the efficacy of a test using only half the usual dose of insulin by comparing the results with those obtained during a classical arginine tolerance test , performed separately . patients were randomly divided into two groups : group A consisting of 37 children received 0.05 U/kg insulin , while group B consisting of 18 patients received 0.1 U/kg insulin . child received the same dose of arginine per kg during the second test . growth hormone ( GH ) peak levels were significantly ( p < 0.01 ) lower in children of group A ( 6.59 + / - 4.10 ng/ml ) than in those of group B ( 10.12 + / - 5.80 ng/ml ) . differences of GH peak levels were found in patients of the two groups after arginine infusion . injection of 0.05 U/kg insulin induced a significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) lower percent decrease of serum glucose than 0.1 U/kg . difference of the percent increase of serum cortisol induced by insulin at 0.05 U/kg and 0.1 U/kg was observed . diagnosis of GH deficiency in children can be supported by a blunted GH response after two or more pharmacological stimuli including hypoglycaemia induced by only half the usual dose of insulin ."
3609,Abstract #3609,"report the relationship between disease activity and health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) in relapsing multiple sclerosis , and the impact of natalizumab . data were available from 2,113 multiple sclerosis patients in natalizumab clinical studies . the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ( AFFIRM ) study , patients received natalizumab 300 mg ( n = 627 ) or placebo ( n = 315 ) ; in the Safety and Efficacy of Natalizumab in Combination with Interferon Beta-1a in Patients with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ( SENTINEL ) study , patients received interferon beta-1a ( IFN-beta-1a ) plus natalizumab 300 mg ( n = 589 ) , or IFN-beta-1a plus placebo ( n = 582 ) . Short Form-36 ( SF-36 ) and a subject global assessment visual analog scale were administered at baseline and weeks 24 , 52 , and 104 . analyses included changes from baseline to week 104 in SF-36 and visual analog scale scores . ratios for clinically meaningful improvement or worsening on the SF-36 Physical Component Summary ( PCS ) and Mental Component Summary were calculated . baseline SF-36 scores were significantly less than the general US population and correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores , sustained disability progression , relapse number , and increased volume of brain magnetic resonance imaging lesions . significantly improved SF-36 PCS and Mental Component Summary scores at week 104 in AFFIRM . changes were significantly improved by week 24 and at all subsequent time points . patients in both studies were more likely to experience clinically important improvement and less likely to experience clinically important deterioration on the SF-36 PCS . visual analog scale also showed significantly improved HRQoL with natalizumab . was impaired in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients , correlated with severity of disease as measured by neurological ratings or magnetic resonance imaging , and improved significantly with natalizumab ."
3610,Abstract #3610,"determine whether absorbent liners used in posturally supportive cloth nappies influence temperature stability in infants < 31 weeks gestation . cross-over trial conducted at King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women , Perth , Western Australia . infants nursed in incubators on Infant Servo Control were randomly assigned to wear cloth postural support nappies alternately with or without absorbent liners for 24-h periods over 4 days . of skin and incubator temperatures were recorded hourly . of all nappy changes and infant handling procedures were also recorded . was no change in any temperature measurement over time , between days , or between day/night periods . nursed with the liner demonstrated a higher skin temperature ( 0.04 degrees C ) , and a lower incubator temperature ( 1.05 degrees C ) . drop in skin temperature of 0.02 degrees C and an increase in incubator temperature of 0.28 degrees C occurred following handling of infants . was no effect due to sex , gestational age , or actual age of the infants . of an absorbent liner within a cloth postural support nappy promotes better temperature regulation in infants < 31 weeks gestation , by reducing incubator temperature and increasing skin temperature ."
3611,Abstract #3611,"hepatic resections are still associated with considerable morbidity . bacteria and bacterial endotoxin are considered to play a central role in the pathophysiology of complications . studies suggest that bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein ( BPI ) , which has both antibacterial and endotoxin-neutralising properties , can reduce postoperative complications . phase II , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicentre , dose escalation trial was conducted in patients undergoing major liver resection , and clinical outcome , infectious complications , plasma amino acid patterns , coagulation and fibrinolytic cascade systems and neutrophil functions were compared between the two treatment groups and an extra group of patients undergoing major abdominal non-hepatic surgery . administration in this patient group was safe , and resulted in a significant reduction of infectious complications . , beneficial effects were found in the postoperative amino acid ratio and fibrinolytic cascades , and rBPI21 preserved leukocyte functions . of rBPI21 in patients undergoing major liver resection is well tolerated and results in improvement of both clinical and biochemical parameters ."
3612,Abstract #3612,"aim of this study was to determine the effect of the timing of food intake on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral nateglinide 60 mg and the effect of nateglinide on the rate of gastric emptying . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , single-dose , 6-period , crossover study conducted in healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 50 years . 5 occasions , subjects received a single 60-mg tablet of nateglinide at -30 , -10 , -5 , -1 , or 40 minutes from the start of a standard metal . blind was maintained by administration of placebo tablets at all other time points . the sixth occasion , subjects received placebo tablets at all dosing time points . subject received acetaminophen 1 g at the beginning of the standard breakfast on each treatment day as an indicator of the rate of gastric emptying . samples were collected over a 6-hour period to determine nateglinide , glucose , insulin , and acetaminophen concentrations . white men with a mean ( SD ) age of 30 ( 6.8 ) years ( range , 21-47 years ) and mean ( SD ) weight of 73.3 ( 11.0 ) kg completed all 6 periods of the study . absorption was faster when administered at -5 or -10 minutes relative to food , as characterized by higher nateglinide area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 5 hours ( AUC ( 0-5 ) ) and maximum plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) values , compared with those observed at other dosing time points . time to C ( max ) ( T ( max ) ) was also shorter when nateglinide was given at -10 minutes versus other dosing time points . nateglinide half-life was similar for all 5 treatments ( range , 81.3-94 .6 minutes ) . overall treatment effect was statistically significant for nateglinide AUC ( 0-5 ) ( P = 0.031 ) , C ( max ) ( P = 0.001 ) , and T ( max ) ( P < 0.001 ) . T ( max ) was shorter after nateglinide administration at -30 or -10 minutes , which was associated with lower glucose C ( max ) values ( -30 minutes , P < 0.05 ) and a tendency for lower glucose AUC ( 0-5 ) values ( -10 minutes , P = NS ) . ) . treatment effects were observed for any of the acetaminophen indices , as demonstrated by the absence of any change in acetaminophen T ( max ) or C ( max ) value . was well tolerated and no treatment-limiting adverse events were reported in the population studied . administration appeared to have no effect on the rate of gastric emptying as indicated by acetaminophen indices , regardless of the time of nateglinide administration . findings imply that the time for nateglinide administration to obtain optimal pharmacodynamic effects is prior to food consumption ."
3613,Abstract #3613,"acute pancreatitis is a life-threatening disease . with peripancreatic necrotic infection often require surgical removal of necrotic infected tissue and a wide debridement will cause blood loss and worsen the condition . assess whether treatment with NovoSeven , a recombinant activated FVII ( rFVIIa ) , could improve coagulation function and therefore reduce blood loss , blood transfusion and all-cause mortality during necrosectomy in patients with infected necrosis secondary to severe acute pancreatitis . acute pancreatitis patients admitted to Nanjing Jinling Hospital for necrosectomy were enrolled and randomized to receive either standard treatment or standard treatment plus an intravenous infusion of rFVIIa ( 40g per kilogram of body weight per hour ) before operation . prospectively defined primary end points were perioperative coagulation parameters ( prothrombin time , activated partial thromboplastin time ) , blood transfusion unit and blood loss . secondary end points were operation time , ICU stay and all-cause mortality at 28days after the operation . total of 64 patients were enrolled ( 31 in the rFVIIa group and 33 in the control group ) . with rFVIIa was associated with a reduction in operation time , red blood cell and fresh froze plasma transfusion , blood loss and prothrombin time compared to the control group ( p < 0.05 for all ) . partial thromboplastin time and mortality were similar between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . with rFVIIa significantly improved the extrinsic coagulation function in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and was associated with decreased risk of bleeding . , rFVIIa did not improve intrinsic coagulation or reduce over-cause mortality . ."
3614,Abstract #3614,"estimate the effect of change in weight and change in urinary incontinence ( UI ) frequency on changes in preference-based measures of health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) among overweight and obese women with UI participating in a weight loss trial . conducted a longitudinal cohort analysis of 338 overweight and obese women with UI enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing a behavioral weight loss intervention to an educational control condition . baseline , 6 , and 18 months , health utilities were estimated using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 ( HUI3 ) , a transformation of the SF-36 to the preference-based SF-6D , and the estimated Quality of Well-Being ( eQWB ) score ( a summary calculated from the SF-36 physical functioning , mental health , bodily pain , general health perceptions , and role limitations-physical subscale scores ) . predictors of changes in these outcomes were examined using generalized estimating equations . adjusted multivariable models , weight loss was associated with improvement in HUI3 , SF-6D , and eQWB at 6 and 18 months ( P < 0.05 ) . in physical activity also were independently associated with improvement in HUI3 ( P = 0.01 ) and SF-6D ( P = 0.006 ) scores at 18 months . contrast , reduction in UI frequency did not predict improvements in HRQL at 6 or 18 months . loss and increased physical activity , but not reduction in UI frequency , were strongly associated with improvements in health utilities measured by the HUI3 , SF-6D , and eQWB . findings provide important information that can be used to inform cost-utility analyses of weight loss interventions ."
3615,Abstract #3615,"effect of adjuvant steroids in infants with biliary atresia ( BA ) is not clear and evidence of benefit is lacking . the period Jan. 2000-Dec . , 153 infants with isolated ( CMV IgM-ve ) BA underwent Kasai portoenterostomy ( KPE ) at < 70 days . were divided into three groups : LOW-dose steroid ( from a previous randomized trial ; starting prednisolone 2mg/kg/day , n = 18 ) , HIGH-dose steroid ( starting prednisolone 5mg/kg/day , n = 44 ) , and NO steroid [ n = 72 +19 placebo ( from randomized trial ) = 91 ] . was assessed by early liver biochemistry , clearance of jaundice ( < 20 mol/L ) , and actuarial native liver survival . are quoted as median ( IQ range ) and compared with non-parametric ANOVA , Chi or Log-rank tests as appropriate . 0.05 was regarded as significant . three groups were comparable for age ( ANOVA , p = 0.31 ) and a surrogate marker of liver fibrosis [ aspartate-aminotransferase index ( APRi ) , ANOVA , p = 0.67 ] . 1 month post KPE , there was a significant reduction in bilirubin [ 58 ( 25-91 ) vs. 91 ( 52-145 ) mol/L , p = 0.0015 ] , AST [ 118 ( 91-159 ) vs. 155 ( 108-193 ) IU/L , p = 0.0015 ] , and APRi [ 0.49 ( 0.28-0 .89 ) vs. 0.82 ( 0.45-1 .2 ) , p = 0.005 ] for HIGH vs. NO steroid . was a significant increase in % clearance of jaundice with the use of steroids [ 47/91 ( 52 % ) vs. 12/18 ( 67 % ) vs. 29/44 ( 66 % ) ; steroids vs. no steroids , p = 0.037 ] . was no statistical difference in 4-year patient survival ( 96 % vs. 94 % vs. 95 % ) or native liver survival ( 4 year = 46 % vs. 50 vs. 57 % ) . adjuvant use of prednisolone significantly improved early post-operative liver biochemistry ( especially at the higher dose ) , and increased the proportion of infants who cleared their jaundice at 6 months post-KPE ."
3616,Abstract #3616,"aim was to examine the effects of atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ) 99-126 and ANF 103-126 , an N-terminal shortened analogue of the peptide , on the plasma renin activity response to captopril , an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme . protocols were performed . the first protocol , subjects were studied on three occasions . 25 mg was given and a 60 minute infusion of 5 % D-glucose ( placebo ) , or ANF 99-126 3 or 10 pmol/kg/min , was administered in a single blind randomized manner . second protocol was divided in two parallel phases comparing ANF 103-126 either 3 or 10 pmol/kg/min to placebo . salt-replete healthy male volunteers aged 21-39 years were studied in the supine position . renin activity , plasma ANF 99-126 and ANF 103-126 levels , heart rate and blood pressure were measured . to placebo infusion , the rise in plasma renin activity after captopril was attenuated by ANF 99-126 infusion ( from 755 % of baseline to 294 % by ANF 99-126 3 pmol/kg/min and from 755 to 202 % by 10 pmol/kg/min ; P less than 0.03 and P less than 0.01 respectively ) . comparable findings with ANF 103-126 were 492 to 218 % ( 3 pmol/kg/min ) and 645 to 364 % ( 10 pmol/kg/min ) ( P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.01 respectively ) . results , taken in conjunction with previous findings , suggest that atrial natriuretic factor inhibits in a non-selective manner the renin response to all secretagogues so far tested in man . current results also suggest that the anti-renin action of atrial natriuretic factor does not depend on the first four N-terminal amino acids of the native peptide ."
3617,Abstract #3617,"learning has been an important aspect of the profession of occupational therapy since its founding . purpose of this study was to determine whether children engaged in hands-on learning would be able to recall more of the steps and more of the correct order of the steps of an occupation than children engaged in a demonstration teaching method . being randomly assigned , 73 healthy third-graders ( 42 girls and 31 boys ) either participated in making a model of a volcano or observed the making of a model of a volcano . task completion , both groups were asked to recall and state as many of the 41 syntactical units as possible in their proper order . children 's responses were audiotaped and scored in a blind fashion according to predetermined criteria . reliability was excellent . t-test revealed a significant difference between conditions in terms of free recall scores , with children in the hands-on condition having a greater recall score , t ( 71 ) = 2.63 , p < .005 . effect size d equaled .62 . MannWhitney U Test revealed no significant difference between conditions in terms of remembering the steps in proper order ( the lack of a significant difference may have been due to a problem of measurement ) . results of this study demonstrated that participants were able to recall more information when engaged in a hands-on teaching method as compared with a demonstration method . is suggested that the learning advantages of hands-on occupation are related to the enhanced sensory/perceptual experiences and the feelings of success that are characteristic of hands-on learning , as opposed to passive forms of learning ."
3618,Abstract #3618,"aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of four glass-ionomer cements in cervical restorations ( Class V ) using dye penetration . conventional ( C-GIC ) and two resin-modified ( RM-GIC ) cements were used either with or without dentin conditioning with polyacrylic acid . cervical cavities of standardized size were prepared in vitro in the vestibular and lingual portions at the cementoenamel level of 48 premolars . coronal margins were prepared in enamel , the apical margins were localized in dentin . 96 cavities were randomly divided into 4 groups of n = 24 each . cavities of each group were filled with one of the test materials , and only half of the cavities received a dentin conditioning for 20 s with polyacrylic acids before filling . fillings were finished with a set of abrasive disks 24 h after setting . restored teeth were stored in saline for 4 weeks and subjected to dye penetration . depth of dye penetration along the coronal and apical margin was measured on 4 longitudinal sections of each tooth with a semi-automatic image analysis system at 40x magnification . depth of dye penetration ranged from 0 ( ChemFil superior without conditioner ) to 0.13 mm ( ChemFil superior with conditioner ) at enamel sites , and from 0.02 ( Fuji II LC with conditioner ) to 0.74 mm ( ChemFil superior with and without conditioner ) at dentin sites . conditioning of the cavities before filling improved the marginal adaptation significantly only in the Ketac-Fil group . glass-ionomer cements ( C-GIC ) in general demonstrated a lower sealing ability than the light-activated , resin-modified cements ( RM-GIC ) . adaptation of Photac-Fil quick is best without pretreatment -- as recommended by the manufacturer ."
3619,Abstract #3619,"determine whether a rigorous antiseptic hand washing of bare hands with 4 % chlorhexidine and alcohol reduced fingertip microbial colonization as compared with the use of boxed , clean , nonsterile latex gloves . addition , to investigate if aseptic donning technique and/or a prior hand washing would reduce the level of glove contamination . , randomized , crossover design , with each subject serving as his/her own control . intensive care unit . intensive care nurses . fingertips of 20 nurses were cultured before and after a strict antiseptic hand washing and before and after the routine and aseptic donning of sterile gloves . , the fingertips of 43 nurses were cultured before and after the casual donning of nonsterile gloves over unwashed hands and before and after a strict antiseptic hand washing . cultures were plated directly on agar , incubated for 24 hrs , and counted and recorded as the number of colony-forming units ( cfu ) for each hand . colony types were then subcultured . washing with antiseptic reduced colonization from 84 to 2 cfu ( p < .001 ) . proportion of cases with > or = 200 cfu/hand was reduced from 30 % to 9 % . or casual donning of sterile gloves , with or without prior antiseptic hand washing , resulted in consistently low glove counts between 0 and 1.25 cfu . gloves casually donned over washed or unwashed bare hands diminished the bioburden to 2.17 and 1.34 cfu , respectively . qualitative difference was found in the microorganisms recovered from gloved or bare hands . hand washing and the use of nonsterile gloves over unwashed hands confer similar reductions in the number of microorganisms . is no additional benefit with the use of aseptic donning technique , prior antiseptic hand washing , or the use of individually packaged sterile gloves ."
3620,Abstract #3620,"a prospective , randomized , placebo-controlled double-blind trial we evaluated to what extent a dose-intensification of adjuvant chemotherapy is possible with the help of Interleukin-3 ( rhIL-3 ) . initial surgery , 12 patients with primary ovarian cancer have been treated with Carboplatin and Cyclophosphamide ( dosage : AUC 4 according to Calvert ) . randomisation , a group of 6 patients prophylacticly received rhIL-3 against myelosuppression on days 3-12 of the cycle , in contrast to a group of 6 patients who received placebo-injections . patients treated with rhIL-3 showed less hematologic side-effects . to 4-weekly chemotherapy courses was more frequent in the rhIL-3-group ( 73 % vs. 44 % , p = 0.005 ) . intensification of the chemotherapy with 3-weekly courses did not succeed significantly . side-effects of rhIL-3-therapy were headaches , fever , flu-like symptoms , rashes and blisters at the site of injection which excluded 2 of 6 patients from the study . rhIL-3 to adjuvant Carboplatin-based chemotherapy enables a better keeping of 4-weekly courses in contrast to the placebo-group due to faster recovery of hematologic parameters . to the side-effects , of IL-3 , this cytokine can not be recommended for routine clinical use ."
3621,Abstract #3621,"hemodialysis may induce a deficiency in hydrosoluble vitamins . with B-complex vitamins has been shown to lower serum homocysteine concentrations in several groups , but relatively few studies have concerned hemodialysis patients . objectives were to determine the status in B-complex vitamins in a large cohort of unsupplemented hemodialysis patients and to assess the effects of supplementation with hydrosoluble vitamins on serum homocysteine over one year . total homocysteine ( tHcy ) , vitamin B12 , folate , pyridoxal-5 ' - phosphate ( P-5 ' - P ; the active moiety of vitamin B6 ) , as well as red blood cell folate concentrations , were measured in 168 chronic dialysis patients on three times weekly high-efficiency hemodialysis and not supplemented with hydrosoluble vitamins . methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T ( MTHFR ) genotypes were also determined ( homozygotes TT , heterozygotes CT , without mutation CC ) . involved patients were then supplemented with hydrosoluble vitamins ( once daily by mouth , DiaVite ; R&D Laboratories , Minneapolis , MN , USA ) , and half of them were randomized to receive in addition 10 mg intravenously of folic acid posthemodialysis ( 30 mg intravenously per week ) . tHcy was monitored after 6 and 12 months of supplementation in the 140 and 128 patients available for follow-up . baseline , serum and red blood cell folate concentrations were within normal limits in all patients except for two with borderline serum folate ( mean values of 21 + / - 8 and 1195 + / - 454 nmol/L ) , whereas serum vitamin B12 and P-5 ' - P were below normal in 11 and 65 patients , respectively ( mean values of 327 + / - 215 pmol/L and 19 + / - 16 nmol/L for the 168 patients ) . tHcy levels were increased in all patients ( mean 33.3 + / - 16.6 for a normal below 11.8 + / - 1.5 micromol/L ) ; tHcy significantly decreased to 23.5 + / - 7.6 micromol/L after six months ( P < 0.0001 vs. baseline ) and to 21.7 + / - 6.1 micromol/L after 12 months ( P < 0.0001 vs. baseline ) for the entire group , but was normalized in only four patients at 12 months . six months , the mean reduction in tHcy was slightly but significantly greater for patients receiving intravenous folic acid ( 12.2 + / - 18.5 micromol/L ) compared with patients not receiving it ( 8.3 + / - 9.8 micromol/L , P < 0.05 ) . , at 12 months , no difference between both subgroups persisted . considering the different genotypes , tHcy at baseline tended to be higher for TT than CT and CC ( 39.8 + / - 30.9 vs. 31.4 + / - 10.5 vs. 31.6 + / - 11.8 micromol/L ) and decreased to respective values of 21.1 + / - 6.9 versus 21.4 + / - 6.1 versus 22.2 + / - 5.9 micromol/L at 12 months . impact of the addition of folic acid to DiaVite appeared particularly significant in TT patients at six months . 1 ) Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 100 % of our hemodialysis patients . 2 ) Nearly 40 % of our unsupplemented hemodialysis patients were deficient in vitamin B6 . 3 ) Supplementation with DiaVite ( R ) has resulted in significant tHcy reductions for all three genotypes . 4 ) The impact of the proposed supplementation protocol was found after six months and was maintained , but did not increase further after 12 months of the same regimen . 5 ) The addition of intravenous folic acid has been associated with a more pronounced decrease in tHcy in TT patients ."
3622,Abstract #3622,"clarify the extent of corneal endothelial injury from silicone intraocular lens ( IOL ) implantation in small incision cataract surgery . hundred forty eyes that had phacoemulsification surgery were divided into four groups : Group A comprised 70 eyes that received a conventional silicone IOL ; Group B , 63 eyes that received a higher refractive index silicone IOL ; Group C , 71 eyes that received a poly ( methyl methacrylate ) ( PMMA ) IOL ; Group D , 36 eyes that had phacoemulsification without an IOL . density of the corneal endothelium in all eyes was examined by specular microscopy preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively , and the percentage of endothelial cell loss was determined . differences in endothelial cell loss between the four groups were statistically compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test . of endothelial cell loss were 4.5 + / - 5.1 % in Group A , 4.3 + / - 5.3 % in Group B , 6.3 + / - 5.4 % in Group C , and 4.3 + / - 4.9 % in Group D. No statistically significant difference was observed among these four groups , although the percentage of cell loss in Group C was slightly larger than that in the other groups . implantation of silicone IOLs and PMMA IOLs causes minimal corneal endothelial cell loss in contemporary small incision surgery ."
3623,Abstract #3623,"estimate relative efficiencies of the 7 rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) Core Data Set measures to distinguish adalimumab from control treatments in 4 clinical trials . adalimumab clinical trials were analyzed for arithmetic and percentage changes for each Core Data Set measure from baseline to endpoint : 3 assessor/physician measures -- swollen joints , tender joints , and global estimate ; 1 laboratory test -- C-reactive protein ; and 3 patient measures -- physical function , pain , and global estimate . efficiencies of each measure to distinguish adalimumab from control group responses were assessed , with tender joint count as the referent measure . efficiencies were in a similar range for physician/assessor , patient , and laboratory measures , with some variation between trials . physician/assessor measures , relative efficiencies for global estimates were greater than for swollen and tender joint counts in 8/8 comparisons . patient measures , relative efficiencies for global estimates were greater than for physical function and pain scores in at least 6/8 comparisons . all measures , relative efficiencies for patient global estimates were greater than for swollen joint counts in 5/8 comparisons , and for tender joint counts in 8/8 comparisons . and physician/assessor measures distinguished adalimumab from control treatment groups in similar ranges . all measures , physician/assessor global estimate was most efficient , and tender joint count least efficient , in all 4 trials . information suggests that while joint counts are the most specific measure to assess RA , their sensitivity to detect treatment effects in patients with RA is generally no greater , and usually less , than other measures ."
3624,Abstract #3624,"paper describes a randomized controlled single blind study testing the effects of a patient education intervention combined with positive therapeutic suggestions on anxiety for cataract surgery patients . patients participated in the study . and behavioral indicators of anxiety were compared between a regularly treated control and an intervention group receiving an audio CD containing information , relaxation , and positive imagery . found that the intervention group was calmer throughout the four measurement points of the study ( p = .004 ; d = 0.71 ) and they were more cooperative ( p = .01 ; d = 0.60 ) during the operation . groups did not differ in sleep quality before the day of the operation , heart rate during the procedure , and subjective Well-being . indicate that preoperative information combined with positive suggestions and anxiety management techniques might reduce patient anxiety in the perioperative period of cataract surgery , but further research is needed to investigate the benefits of such interventions and to uncover the underlying mechanisms . education interventions providing additional anxiety management techniques are recommended for use prior to cataract surgery ."
3625,Abstract #3625,"determine theoretical practice patterns and Medicaid practices in the management of persistent and recurrent otitis media by family physicians and pediatricians in Colorado . of the Colorado chapters of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Colorado Academy of Family Medicine were surveyed with the use of two hypothetical case management scenarios for which they were asked to indicate which International Classification of Diseases , Ninth Revision , Medicaid codes they would use . were presented with two case scenarios ( one involving a persistent asymptomatic middle ear effusion and the second involving recurrent otitis media ) and were asked to choose from a variety of management options , including observation , antibiotic therapy , decongestants , corticosteroids , antibiotic prophylaxis , and referral for ventilation tube surgery . physicians would have prescribed high-cost antibiotics ( amoxicillin plus clavulanate potassium , cefaclor , or cefixime ) to treat persistent middle ear effusions twice as often as pediatricians would have ( P < .002 ) . the 6-week visit , 50 family physicians ( 43 % ) would administer an oral decongestant either alone or in combination with other therapy as compared with 16 ( 14 % ) of pediatricians ( P < .001 ) . physicians would refer patients for ventilating tube surgery three times more often than pediatricians at the 9-week visits ( P < .001 ) . episodes of acute otitis media would be managed similarly by both physician groups . reported a wide variety of International Classification of Diseases , Ninth Revision , coding , often coding persistent effusions as acute otitis or as unspecified otitis media . findings of this survey document the wide variation in practice patterns for treating children with persistent otitis media and children with recurrent otitis media in Colorado ."
3626,Abstract #3626,"atrial pacing techniques and overdrive pacing algorithms have been introduced to prevent atrial fibrillation . study was designed to test the hypotheses that ( 1 ) interatrial septum pacing ( IASP ) at the triangle of Koch would be more effective than right atrial appendage pacing ( RAAP ) in preventing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( PAF ) in patients with sinus bradycardia and ( 2 ) an algorithm ( CAP ) designed to achieve constant atrial capture would increase the efficacy of rate-responsive atrial pacing . studied 46 patients with PAF and sinus bradycardia implanted with a DDD ( R ) ( Medtronic Thera ) pacemaker . patients ( 6.0 + / - 10.1 PAF episodes/month within 3 months before study ) were randomized to RAAP and 22 patients ( 5.4 + / - 7.1 , not significant ) to IASP . each arm 2 randomized crossover periods of CAP-OFF and CAP-ON function were programed . PAF episodes per month significantly decreased in the RAAP ( CAP-OFF : 2.1 + / - 4.2 , P < .05 ; CAP-ON : 1.9 + / - 3.8 , P < .05 ) and in the IASP group ( CAP-OFF : 0.2 + / - 0.5 , P < .05 ; CAP-ON : 0.2 + / - 0.5 , P < .05 ) . were significantly lower in the IASP group than in the RAAP group in both CAP-OFF ( 0.2 + / - 0.5 vs 2.1 + / - 4.2 , P < .05 ) and CAP-ON ( 0.2 + / - 0.5 vs 1.9 + / - 3.8 , P < .05 ) conditions . burden was significantly lower in the IASP than in the RAAP group in CAP-OFF ( 47 + / - 84 min/d vs 140 + / - 217 , P < .05 ) and in CAP-ON ( 41 + / - 72 vs 193 + / - 266 , P < .05 ) conditions . differences were observed within each arm in PAF burden between the 2 crossover CAP programing periods . IASP at the triangle of Koch is more effective than RAAP in preventing PAF in patients with sinus bradycardia . our sample of patients no additional clinical benefit is furnished by the CAP algorithm ."
3627,Abstract #3627,"primary objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility , reliability , and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory ( PedsQL ) 4.0 Generic Core Scales as a patient self-reported health-related quality of life measurement instrument in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and physician-diagnosed comorbid psychiatric disorders being seen in a pediatric psychiatric clinic . secondary objective was to evaluate parent proxy-reported PedsQL in this population . hundred seventy-nine children with ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders ages 5 to 18 years and 181 parents completed the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and parents also completed the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scales . discriminant validity comparisons were made between the sample of pediatric patients with ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders and healthy , cancer , and type 1 diabetes samples . PedsQL evidenced minimal missing responses for patient self-report and parent proxy-report ( 0.2 % and 0.5 % , respectively ) , demonstrated no significant floor or ceiling effects , and achieved excellent reliability for the Total Scale Score ( = 0.85 patient self-report , 0.92 parent proxy-report ) . patients with ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders and their parents reported statistically significantly worse PedsQL scores than healthy children , with large effect sizes across all domains , supporting known-groups discriminant validity . patients with ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders and their parents reported worse PedsQL scores compared to pediatric patients with cancer and diabetes with the exception of physical health , in which pediatric cancer patients manifested lower physical health , indicating the relative severe impact of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders . severe ADHD symptoms were generally associated with more impaired PedsQL scores , supporting construct validity . data demonstrate the feasibility , reliability , and validity of patient self-reported PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales in this high risk population of pediatric patients and highlight the profound negative impact of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders on generic health-related quality of life , comparable to or worse than serious pediatric chronic physical diseases ."
3628,Abstract #3628,"randomized controlled trial . determine and explain any differences in self-reported dysphagia between patients treated with artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical decompression and fusion ( ACDF ) . after anterior cervical spine surgery has in previous studies been evaluated regarding different influencing factors . technique , number of treated levels , and type of implant has been shown to be of possible importance . hundred thirty-six patients from a randomized controlled trial between artificial disc replacement and ACDF in 1 or 2 surgical levels were evaluated regarding dysphagia . was done with the dysphagia short questionnaire preoperatively , at 4 weeks , 3 months , and 1 and 2 years postoperatively . in the artificial disc replacement group was performed with the Discover artificial disc . graft and anterior plating was used in the ACDF group . of implant was blinded to the patients and the surgeon until time of implantation . and dysphagia short questionnaire levels were similar in both groups preoperative . 4 weeks of follow-up postoperatively , dysphagia was significantly higher in both groups than baseline levels , P < 0.01 . significant differences were seen between the groups until follow-up at 2 years , which showed significantly higher dysphagia short questionnaire levels in the ACDF group , P = 0.04 . difference was statistically significant in both patients treated with 1 - and 2-level surgery , P = 0.029 and P = 0.032 , respectively . logistic regression model showed a stronger association to type of implant than to number of surgical levels . of surgery was highly associated to number of surgical levels but did not differ significantly between types of implant . postoperative dysphagia could be explained by bulk of implant or decreased motion in the cervical spine . , it is doubtful if differences between the groups in this study can be interpreted as a clinically important difference . ."
3629,Abstract #3629,"assess the effect of health literacy on drug adherence in the context of a pharmacist-based intervention for patients with heart failure . hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial . ambulatory care practice affiliated with an academic medical center . original trial enrolled 314 patients with heart failure who were aged 50 years or older and were taking at least one cardiovascular drug for heart failure ; 122 patients received the pharmacist intervention ( patient education , therapeutic monitoring , and communication with primary care providers ) , and 192 patients received usual care ( regular follow-up with primary care providers ) . analyzed the results of 281 patients who had available health literacy and adherence data . adherence was assessed over 9months using electronic prescription container monitors on cardiovascular drugs . literacy was assessed using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults ( scores range from 0-36 , with an adequate literacy score defined as 23 ) . adherence , defined as the percentage of prescribed drug doses taken by the patient compared with the number of doses prescribed by the physician , was assessed for each group . were a mean SD of 639years old , 51 % had less than 12years of education , 29 % had inadequate health literacy , and they received a mean SD of 114 drugs . the usual care group , taking adherence was greater among patients with adequate ( 69.4 % ) than those with inadequate ( 54.2 % ) health literacy ( p = 0.001 ) . the intervention group , the difference in taking adherence among patients with adequate ( 77.3 % ) and inadequate ( 65.3 % ) health literacy was not statistically significant ( p = 0.06 ) . patients with inadequate health literacy , the intervention increased adherence ( 65 % , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 54-77 % ) by an order of magnitude similar to that of the baseline adherence of patients with adequate health literacy ( 69 % , 95 % CI 65-74 % ) . analysis supported the association between health literacy and adherence . patients with heart failure , those with adequate health literacy have better adherence to cardiovascular drugs than those with inadequate health literacy . pharmacist intervention improved adherence in patients with adequate and inadequate health literacy . literacy may be an important consideration in drug adherence interventions ."
3630,Abstract #3630,"help facilitate economic evaluations of oncology treatments , we mapped responses on cancer-specific instrument to generic preference-based measures . patients ( n = 367 ) completed one cancer-specific instrument , the FACT-G , and two preference-based measures , the EQ-5D and SF-6D . were randomly divided to form development ( n = 184 ) and cross-validation ( n = 183 ) samples . between the instruments were estimated using ordinary least squares ( OLS ) , generalized linear models ( GLM ) , and censored least absolute deviations ( CLAD ) regression approaches . performance of each model was assessed in terms of how well the responses to the cancer-specific instrument predicted EQ-5D and SF-6D utilities using mean absolute error ( MAE ) and root mean squared error ( RMSE ) . , functional , and emotional well-being domain scores of the FACT-G best explained the EQ-5D and SF-6D . terms of accuracy of prediction as measured in RMSE , the CLAD model performed best for the EQ-5D ( RMSE = 0.095 ) whereas the GLM model performed best for the SF-6D ( RMSE = 0.061 ) . GLM predicted SF-6D scores matched the observed values more closely than the CLAD and OLS . results demonstrate that the estimation of both EQ-5D and SF-6D utility indices using the FACT-G responses can be achieved . CLAD model for the EQ-5D and the GLM model for the SF-6D are recommended . , it is possible to estimate quality-adjusted life years for economic evaluation from studies where only cancer-specific instrument have been administered ."
3631,Abstract #3631,"assessed the ability of maternal plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone measurements to predict preterm delivery in the setting of a pilot study comparing transdermal glyceryl trinitrate with standard beta-mimetic therapy for preterm labor and to determine the effect of these tocolytics on maternal plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations . consecutive patients with preterm labor were randomized to tocolytic treatment with transdermal glyceryl trinitrate ( n = 13 ) or intravenous albuterol ( n = 13 ) . corticotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity levels were higher in women who were delivered within 7 days ( 41.4 + / -13.5 pmol/L ) than in those continuing to term ( 14.2 + / -2.4 pmol/L , p = 0.011 ) and were not altered by treatment . women in each of the treatment groups delivered within 7 days of the initiation of treatment , two women in the glyceryl trinitrate group were changed to albuterol because of persistence of contractions . trinitrate treatment was associated with significantly fewer maternal side effects . treatment altered umbilical artery Doppler ultrasonographic findings . glyceryl trinitrate is better tolerated than intravenous albuterol but may be no more efficacious than albuterol for the treatment of preterm labor . markers such as plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone levels may be an important method of identifying women at high risk of preterm delivery ."
3632,Abstract #3632,"purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of ezetimibe/simvastatin ( EZE/SIMVA ) combination tablet , relative to ezetimibe ( EZE ) and simvastatin ( SIMVA ) monotherapy , in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia . was a randomized , multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled , factorial design study After a 6 - to 8-week washout period and 4-week , single-blind , placebo run in , hypercholesterolemic patients ( low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [ LDL-C ] , 145-250 mg/dL ; triglycerides [ TG ] , < or = 350 mg/dL ) were randomized equally to 1 of 10 daily treatments for 12 weeks : EZE/SIMVA 10/10 , 10/20 , 10/40 , or 10/80 mg ; SIMVA 10 , 20 , 40 , or 80 mg ; EZE 10 mg ; or placebo . primary efficacy analysis was mean percent change from baseline in LDL-C to study end point Secondary end points included percent changes in other lipid variables and C-reactive protein [ CRP ] . were 1528 patients randomized to treatment ( 792 women , 736 men ) ; mean ( SD ) age ranged from 54.9 ( 112 ) years to 56.4 ( 10.6 ) years across pooled treatment groups . treatment groups were well balanced for baseline demographics . EZE/SIMVA was associated with greater reductions in LDL-C than pooled SIMVA or EZE alone ( P < 0.001 ) . on dose , EZE/SIMVA was associated with reductions in LDL-C of -44.8 % to -602 % , non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of -40.5 % to -55.7 % , and TG of -22.5 % to -30.7 % ; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 5.5 % to 9.8 % . was associated with greater reductions in CRP and remnant-like particle-cholesterol than SIMVA alone ( P < 0.001 ) . patients receiving EZE/SIMVA versus SIMVA achieved LDL-C concentrations < 100 mg/dL ( 78.6 % vs 45.9 % ; P < 0.001 ) . was generally well tolerated , with a safety profile similar to SIMVA monotherapy There were no significant differences between EZE/SIMVA and SIMVA in the incidence of consecutive liver transaminase levels > or = 3 times the upper limit of normal ( ULN ) ( 1 .5 % for EZE/SIMVA and 1.1 % for SIMVA ; P = NS ) or creature kinase levels > or = 10 times ULN ( 0.0 % for EZE/SIMVA and 02 % for SIMVA ; P = NS ) . EZE/SIMVA tablet was a highly effective and well-tolerated LDL-C-lowering therapy in this study of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia ."
3633,Abstract #3633,"has particularly low life expectancy for an industrialised country , with mortality at working ages having fluctuated dramatically over the past few decades , particularly among men . has been identified as the most likely cause of these temporal variations . approach to reducing the alcohol problem in Russia is ` brief interventions ' which seek to change views of the personal acceptability of excessive drinking and to encourage self-directed behaviour change . few studies to evaluate the efficacy of brief interventions in Russia have been conducted . Interviewing ( MI ) is a person-centred counselling style which can be adapted to brief interventions in which help is offered in thinking through behaviour in the context of values and goals , to decide whether change is needed , and if so , how it may best be achieved . paper reports on an individually randomised two-armed parallel group exploratory trial . primary hypothesis is that a brief adaptation of MI will be effective in reducing self-reported hazardous and harmful drinking at 3 months . were drawn from the Izhevsk Family Study II , with eligibility determined based on proxy reports of hazardous and harmful drinking in the past year . participants underwent a health check , with MI subsequently delivered to those in the intervention arm . consent was obtained from those in the intervention arm only at this point . groups were then invited for 3 and 12 month follow ups . control group did not receive any additional intervention . men were randomised . these 61 did not have a health check leaving 190 in each trial arm . up at 3 months was high ( 97 % of those having a health check ) , and very similar in the two trial arms ( 183 in the intervention and 187 in the control ) . significant differences were detected between the randomised groups in either the primary or the secondary outcomes at three months in the intention to treat analyses . unadjusted odds ratio ( 95 % CI ) for the effect of MI on hazardous and harmful drinking was 0.77 ( 0.51 , 1.16 ) . adjusted odds ratio of 0.52 ( 0.28 , 0.94 ) was obtained in the pre-specified per protocol analysis . trial demonstrates that it is possible to engage Russian men who drink hazardously in a brief intervention aimed at reducing alcohol related harm . the results with respect to the efficacy are equivocal and further , larger-scale trials are warranted . : ISRCTN82405938 ."
3634,Abstract #3634,"use of peppermint oil in treating the irritable bowel syndrome has been studied with variable results probably due to the presence of patients affected by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth , lactose intolerance or celiac disease that may have symptoms similar to irritable bowel syndrome . aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of enteric-coated peppermint oil in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in whom small intestinal bacterial overgrowth , lactose intolerance and celiac disease were excluded . patients with irritable bowel syndrome according to the Rome II criteria , with normal lactose and lactulose breath tests and negative antibody screening for celiac disease , were treated with peppermint oil ( two enteric-coated capsules twice per day or placebo ) for 4 weeks in a double blind study . symptoms were assessed before therapy ( T ( 0 ) ) , after the first 4 weeks of therapy ( T ( 4 ) ) and 4 weeks after the end of therapy ( T ( 8 ) ) . symptoms evaluated were : abdominal bloating , abdominal pain or discomfort , diarrhoea , constipation , feeling of incomplete evacuation , pain at defecation , passage of gas or mucus and urgency at defecation . each symptom intensity and frequency from 0 to 4 were scored . total irritable bowel syndrome symptoms score was also calculated as the mean value of the sum of the average of the intensity and frequency scores of each symptom . T ( 4 ) , 75 % of the patients in the peppermint oil group showed a > 50 % reduction of basal ( T ( 0 ) ) total irritable bowel syndrome symptoms score compared with 38 % in the placebo group ( P < 0.009 ) . peppermint oil at T ( 4 ) and at T ( 8 ) compared with T ( 0 ) a statistically significant reduction of the total irritable bowel syndrome symptoms score was found ( T ( 0 ) : 2.19 + / -0.13 , T ( 4 ) : 1.07 + / -0.10 * , T ( 8 ) : 1.60 + / -0.10 * , * P < 0.01 compared with T ( 0 ) , mean + / - S.E.M. ) , while no change was found with the placebo . 4 weeks treatment with peppermint oil improves abdominal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome ."
3635,Abstract #3635,"aim of this study was to conduct a pilot study for the feasibility of planning a definitive clinical trial comparing traditional acupuncture ( TA ) with sham acupuncture ( SA ) and waiting control ( WC ) on menopause-related vasomotor symptoms ( VMS ) , quality of life , and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women . perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with at least seven VMS daily were randomized to TA , SA , or WC . TA and SA groups were given three treatments per week for 12 weeks . included the number and severity of VMS , Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire , Beck Depression Inventory , Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Instrument , Pittsburgh Quality Sleep Index , 24-hour urine cortisol and metabolites , and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing . the TA and SA groups demonstrated improved VMS trends compared with the WC group ( -3.5 3.00 vs -4.1 3.79 vs -1.2 2.4 , respectively ; P = 20 ) and significantly improved Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire vasomotor scores ( -1.5 2.02 vs -1.8 1.52 vs -0.3 0.64 , respectively ; P = 0.04 ) . were no psychosocial group differences . 24-hour urinary measures were lower in the TA versus the SA or WC group in total cortisol metabolites ( 4,658.9 1,670.9 vs 7,735.8 3,747.9 vs 5,166.0 2,234.5 , P = 0.03 ; respectively ) and dehydroepiandrosterone ( 41.4 27.46 , 161.2 222.77 , and 252.4 385.40 , respectively ; P = 0.05 ) . response data on adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation cortisol also trended in the hypothesized direction ( P = 0.17 ) . TA and SA reduce VMS frequency and severity and improve VMS-related quality of life compared with WC ; however , TA alone may impact the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis . association is viewed as preliminary and hypothesis generating and should be explored in a large clinical trial ."
3636,Abstract #3636,"quadrivalent meningococcal diphtheria conjugate vaccine ( MCV-4 ) has been developed to provide T-cell dependent immune responses against 4 major disease-causing serogroups ( A , C , Y , W-135 ) . a comparative , randomized , modified double blind , controlled study in healthy 2 - to 10-year-old U.S. children , safety and immunogenicity profiles of MCV-4 ( n = 696 ) were compared with those of a licensed quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine , Menomune A/C/Y / W-135 ( PSV-4 , n = 702 ) . adverse reactions were assessed for 28-day and 6-month follow-up periods . bactericidal activity ( SBA ) was assayed in prevaccination , day 28 and 6-month postvaccination sera samples . vaccines were well-tolerated , with no vaccine-related serious adverse events and similar rates of mostly mild local and systemic reactions . antibody ( SBA ) seroconversion percentages were significantly higher for all 4 serogroups in the MCV-4 group . SBA geometric mean titers against serogroups A , C , Y and W-135 with MCV-4 were 1700 , 354 , 637 and 750 , respectively , compared with PSV-4 ( 893 , 231 , 408 and 426 ) 28 days postvaccination ( P < 0.001 for all comparisons ) . significant difference persisted through 6 months . 2 - to 10-year-old children MCV-4 had a safety profile similar to that of PSV-4 and elicited significantly higher and more persistent serum bactericidal antibody responses against meningococcal serogroups A , C , Y and W-135 than did the licensed polysaccharide vaccine ."
3637,Abstract #3637,"determine if endometrial trauma during embryo transfer trials ( ETTs ) improves implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycles . fifty women undergoing their first IVF treatment were included in a prospective randomised study in a University hospital clinic . were performed either on day 21 of the previous cycle , or on day 6 of the controlled ovarian hyperstimulatin ( COH ) cycle , or conducted at least two cycles before COH cycle . pregnancy and implantation rates were compared between the groups . was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical pregnancy or implantation rates . trauma by ETTs performed either during the preceding cycle or on day 6 of the COH cycle does not improve pregnancy rates ."
3638,Abstract #3638,"obliquity fractures of the proximal femur have biomechanical characteristics distinct from other intertrochanteric fractures and high implant failure rate when treated with sliding hip screws . hip nailing for these fractures reportedly has less potential for cut-out of the lag screw because of their loadbearing capacity when compared with extramedullary implants . , it is unclear whether nail length influences healing . compared standard and long types of intramedullary hip nails in terms of ( 1 ) reoperation ( fixation failure ) , ( 2 ) 1-year mortality rate , ( 3 ) function and mobility , and ( 4 ) union rate . conducted a pilot prospective randomized controlled trial comparing standard versus long ( 34 cm ) intramedullary hip nails for reverse obliquity fractures of the proximal femur from January 2009 to December 2009 . were 15 patients with standard nails and 18 with long nails . age was 79 years ( range , 67-95 years ) . determined 1-year mortality rates , reoperation rates , Parker-Palmer mobility and Harris hip scores , and radiographic findings ( fracture union , blade cut-out , tip-apex distance , implant failure ) . followup was 12 months ( mean , 14 months ; range , 12-20 months ) . found no difference in reoperation rates between groups . patients ( both from the long-nail group ) underwent revision surgery because of implant failure in one and deep infection in the other . was no difference between the standard - and long-nail groups in mortality rate ( 17 % versus 18 % ) , Parker-Palmer mobility score ( five versus six ) , Harris hip score ( 74 versus 79 ) , union rate ( 100 % in both groups ) , blade cut-out ( zero versus one ) , and tip-apex distance ( 22 versus 24 mm ) . preliminary data suggest reverse obliquity fractures of the trochanteric region of the femur can be treated with either standard or long intramedullary nails ."
3639,Abstract #3639,"assess the efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil in men with erectile dysfunction ( ED ) due to traumatic spinal cord injury ( SCI ) . this multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group 12-week study , 418 men aged 18 years and older with ED for more than 6 months consequent to SCI were randomized to vardenafil ( n = 207 ) or placebo ( n = 211 ) ( 10 mg for 4 weeks , then maintained or titrated to 5 or 20 mg at weeks 4 and 8 ) . assessments included the erectile function ( EF ) domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire and diary questions regarding penetration , maintenance of erection to completion of intercourse , and ejaculation . patient characteristics were similar in the vardenafil ( mean age 40 years ) and placebo ( mean age 39 years ) groups . baseline EF domain scores were 11.6 in the vardenafil group and 12.1 ( moderate ED ) in the placebo group . domain score in the vardenafil group improved to 22.0 ( mild ED ) at last observation carried forward vs 13.5 in the placebo group ( p < 0.001 ) . 12 weeks of treatment , mean per-patient penetration ( 76 % vs 41 % ) , maintenance ( 59 % vs 22 % ) , and ejaculation ( 19 % vs 10 % ) success rates were significantly greater vs placebo ( all p < 0.001 ) . most frequently reported drug-related adverse events were headache ( vardenafil 15 % , placebo 4 % ) , flushing ( vardenafil 6 % , placebo 0 % ) , nasal congestion ( vardenafil 5 % , placebo 0 % ) , and dyspepsia ( vardenafil 4 % , placebo 0 % ) . significantly improved erectile and ejaculatory function and was generally well tolerated in men with erectile dysfunction due to spinal cord injury ."
3640,Abstract #3640,"1 in 10 patients with shoulder calcifications complains of chronic pain . techniques have been developed . carried out the first randomized study to validate bursoscopy ( BS ) and ( needling fragmentation irrigation ) ( NFI ) versus a control group ( CT ) . shoulders ( 96 patients ) with calcifications > 5 mm whose medical treatment had failed ( > 4 months ) were first injected using a corticosteroid ; 49 shoulders improved by more than 70 % . other 53 shoulders were randomized in 3 groups : NFI ( n = 16 ) , BS ( n = 20 ) , and CT ( n = 17 ) . patients were reviewed at T 1-4-12-24 months . 4 months , we observed respectively in groups NFI-BS-CT : 62 % , 65 % and 29 % patients showing global improvements > 70 % ( NFI vs CT : p = 0.03 ; BS vs CT : p = 0.02 ) ; -37 % , -29 % and -11 % pain VAS variation ( ns ) , +16 % , +12 % and -15 % Constant score variation ( NFI vs CT : p = 0.03 ; BS vs CT : p = 0.02 ) , and -58 % , -77 % and +4 % area calcification variation ( NFI vs CT : p = 0.005 ; BS vs CT : p = 0.0002 ; BS vs NFI : p = 0.01 ) . 24 months , results were maintained in NFI and BS groups , and in the CT group only 6/17 patients were still improved . were no significant differences between NFI and BS groups . partial tears of the cuff were found using MRI in failures , ( 1 in each group ) . and BS are now validated removal techniques of shoulder calcifications when there is chronic pain and other medical treatments have failed . were maintained after 24 months , and were similar between NFI and BS . NFI could be preferred because of its simplicity and low cost ."
3641,Abstract #3641,"exercise is associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species , which if uncontrolled can result in tissue injury . type 5 inhibitors ( PDE5i ) exhibit protective effect against oxidative stress , both in animals and healthy/unhealthy humans . , the effect of a chronic administration of PDE5i , particularly combined with physical exercise , has never been investigated . present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the long-acting PDE5i tadalafil on oxidative status and muscle damage after exhaustive exercise in healthy males included in a double-blind crossover trial . , having a putative antioxidant activity , may reduce oxidative damage after strenuous exercise . volunteer randomly received two tablets of placebo or tadalafil ( 20 mg/day ) with 36 h of interval before performing exhaustive exercise . 2 weeks of washout , the volunteers were crossed over . samples were collected immediately before exercise , immediately after , and during recovery ( 15 , 30 , 60 min ) . total antioxidant status , glutathione homeostasis ( GSH/GSSG ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , protein carbonyls , creatine kinase ( CK ) , lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) and the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 were assessed . administration per se affected redox homeostasis ( GSH/GSSG -36 % ; p < 0.05 ) , cellular ( CK +75 % and LDH +36 % ; p < 0.05 ) and oxidative damage ( MDA +41 % and protein carbonyls +50 % ; p < 0.05 ) markers . exhaustive exercise increased all the above-reported biochemical parameters , with subjects from the tadalafil group showing significantly higher values with respect to the placebo group . prolonged exposure to tadalafil decreases antioxidant capacity at resting condition , therefore making subjects more susceptible to the oxidative stress induced by an exhaustive bout of exercise ."
3642,Abstract #3642,"evaluate the effect of the aluminum hydroxide ( Al-OH ) adjuvant on the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 ( pH1N1 ) vaccine . a multicenter , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , participants received two doses of split-virion formulation containing 15 g hemagglutinin antigen , with or without aluminum hydroxide ( Al-OH ) . classified the participants into six age categories ( > 61 years , 41-60 years , 19-40 years , 13-18 years , 8-12 years , and 3-7 years ) and obtained four blood samples from each participant on days 0 , 21 , 35 , and 42 following the first dose of immunization . assessed vaccine immunogenicity by measuring the geometric mean titer ( GMT ) of hemagglutination inhibiting antibody . used a two-level model to evaluate the fixed effect of aluminum Al-OH and other factors , accounting for repeated measures . predictions of repeated measurement on GMTs of formulations with or without Al-OH , were 80.35 and 112.72 , respectively . significantly reduced immunogenicity after controlling for time post immunization , age-group and gender . Al-OH adjuvant does not increase but actually reduces the immunogenicity of the split-virion pH1N1 vaccine ."
3643,Abstract #3643,"HIV-positive patients with necrotising retinitis , well-tolerated lens material as well as minimal invasive surgery to avoid postoperative complications are imperative . surface-modified PMMA-IOLs as well as acrylic IOLs are associated with less postoperative inflammation than conventional intraocular lenses . this randomised prospective clinical trial 18 patients received 7 HSM-IOLs through a self-sealing scleral tunnel and 11 foldable Acrysof-IOLs through a self-sealing limbal tunnel incision by the same surgeon . of the 18 eyes were silicone oil-filled before cataract surgery , one eye received oil after the IOL implantation . acuity , intraocular pressure , contrast sensitivity , intraocular inflammation and posterior capsule opacification were assessed . follow-up period was 1 year . with Acrysof-IOLs were associated with lower , but not statistically significant , laser flare photometry values ( photon counts/ms ) than those with HSM-IOLs pre - ( 90.18 + / - 54.7 vs. 73.92 + / - 6.44 ) and 3 months post-surgery ( 69.06 + / - 8.27 vs. 55.03 + / - 7.75 ) . of the 7 eyes with HSM-IOL and 3 eyes of the Acrysof-group developed a dense posterior capsule opacification ( PCO ) , 2 eyes had no and 6 eyes only a distinct PCO . capsulotomy did not improve visual acuity in any case but retinal examination was again possible . with Acryl-IOL showed pre - and postoperatively a better visual acuity than eyes with HSM-IOL ( `` hand movement '' - 0.4 vs. `` no light perception '' - 0.1 pre - and 0.05 - 0.6 vs. `` no light perception '' - 0.1 3 months postoperatively . sensitivity testing ( Vistech method ) could be performed in the PMMA-group preoperatively only in 1 eye ( A1 ) , in the Acryl-group in 2 eyes ( A4 , B4 , C2 , D2 ) and revealed postoperatively `` no contrast vision '' - A1 , B2 , C1 vs. `` no contrast vision '' - A2 , B2 , C3 , D1 , E1 . intraocular pressure was preoperatively 13.86 mm Hg ( PMMA ) vs. 14.82 mm Hg ( Acrysof ) and 14.4 mm Hg vs. 12.89 mm Hg 3 months post surgery . the parameters we observed there was no statistical significant difference between heparin-surface modified ( Pharmacia 811 C ) and hydrophobic acrylic IOLs ( Alcon Acrysof MA60BM ) in patients with AIDS . foldable Acrysof-IOLs can be implanted through a self-sealing bloodless tunnel incision and are associated with less posterior capsule opacification we prefer this IOL type in cataract surgery of AIDS patients ."
3644,Abstract #3644,"staging of node-negative non-small-cell lung cancer is modified in the 7th edition TNM classification . , we pool data from the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group JBR .10 trial and the Cancer and Leukemia Group B-9633 trial to explore the prognostic and predictive effects of the new T-size descriptors and KRAS mutation status . patients were reclassified as T2a ( > 3-5 cm ) , T2b ( > 5-7 cm ) , T3 ( > 7 cm ) or T 3 cm ( 3 cm , but other T2 characteristics ) . 538 eligible patients , 288 ( 53.5 % ) were T2a , 111 ( 21 % ) T2b , 62 ( 11.5 % ) T3 , whereas 77 ( 14 % ) T3 cm were excluded to avoid confounding . mutations were detected in 104 of 390 patients ( 27 % ) . was prognostic for disease-free survival ( p = 0.03 ) , but borderline for overall survival ( OS ; p = 0.10 ) , on multivariable analysis . interaction between the prognostic value of KRAS and tumor size was observed for OS ( p = 0.01 ) , but not disease-free survival ( p = 0.10 ) . was a nonsignificant trend ( p = 0.24 ) for increased chemotherapy effect on OS with advancing T-size ( hazard ratio [ HR ] T2a 0.90 , [ 0.63-1 .30 ] ; T2b 0.69 , [ 0.38-1 .24 ] ; and T3 0.57 , [ 0.28-1 .17 ] ) . HR for chemotherapy effect on OS in T2a patients with KRAS wild-type tumors was 0.81 ( p = 0.36 ) , whereas a trend for detrimental effect was observed in those with mutant tumors ( HR 2.11 ; p = 0.09 ; interaction p = 0.05 ) . trends were observed in T2b to T3 patients with wild-type ( HR 0.86 ; p = 0.62 ) , and KRAS mutant tumors ( HR 1.16 ; p = 0.74 ; interaction p = 0.58 ) . effect seems to increase with tumor size . , this small study could not identify subgroups of patients who did or did not derive significant benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy based on T-size or KRAS status ."
3645,Abstract #3645,"study determined the dose-response effects of inhaled salbutamol ( SAL ) on time-trial performance and urine concentrations of SAL ( cSAL ) . , trained male cyclists and triathletes ( N = 37 ) were studied . 1 consisted of screening for airway hyperresponsiveness , using a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea test ( EVH ) , followed by an incremental exercise test to determine V O 2max and peak power ( P max ) . days 2-5 , athletes performed a 20-km time trial 15 min after inhalation ( PI ) of placebo , 200 microg ( D2 ) , 400 microg ( D4 ) , or 800 microg ( D8 ) of SAL . 60 min PI , urine samples were provided . conditions were randomized and double blinded , with repeated-measures ANOVA used to determine effects of dose . hoc analysis was done with Tukey 's HSD test . subjects had positive responses to the EVH test , resulting in a 19 % incidence within this sample ; they were excluded from further participation in this study . remaining subjects ( N = 30 ) had a V O 2max of 67.1 ( 4.3 ) mL x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) and Pmax of 457 ( 31 ) W ( W ) . was no effect of dose on completion time ( P > 0.05 ) , mean power ( P > 0.05 ) , or mean heart rate ( P > 0.05 ) . , SAL had no effect on any metabolic or ventilatory parameters ( P > 0.05 ) . cSAL increased with dose and was highly variable , with the peak value observed being 831 ng x mL ( -1 ) after a dose of 800 microg . but significant correlations were noted between cSAL and urine specific gravity at higher doses ( D4 , r = 0.42 ; D8 , r = 0.37 ) . findings suggest that inhaled SAL does not enhance time-trial performance , regardless of dose , and that urine cSAL after exercise is related to dose , demonstrates high variability , and is partially related to hydration status ."
3646,Abstract #3646,"objectives are to describe for the first time a home-based exercise intervention for frail elderly hip fracture patients and to describe the feasibility of this exercise program . home-based exercise program was used in a randomized controlled trial in which the authors investigated exercise intervention versus no exercise intervention in patients after hip fracture . program was implemented at the patients ' own home or place of residence after discharge . 65 years of age or older were recruited within 15 days of hip fracture . patients were those with a nonpathologic fracture who were admitted within 72 hours of injury , had surgical repair of the hip fracture , and met medical inclusion criteria . initially were randomized to exercise groups and then assigned to exercise trainers . exercise contained strength training and aerobic components . were expected to exercise 5 days per week by performing a combination of supervised and independently performed exercise sessions . and duration were increased gradually by trainers in a standardized way . frequency of the supervised sessions decreased as participants became more independent . fidelity visits ensured that the intervention was being delivered as intended across trainers and across participants . work describes the feasibility and challenges of administering an intensive home-based exercise program in this population of older adults . those patients randomized to exercise , 82 % were followed by a trainer and almost all advanced to higher levels in both aerobic and strength programs . , participants received an average of 44 ( 78.5 % ) of the prescribed visits by the trainer . study showed that it was possible to engage a frail older population of post-hip fracture patients in a program of aerobic and strength training exercise with a high rate of participation ."
3647,Abstract #3647,"has unique pharmacokinetics that might allow faster recovery after neurosurgery . investigated the effects of a propofol/sufentanil versus a remifentanil/propofol regimen on the primary end-point tracheal extubation time . the Neurosurgery Department of a University Hospital , 36 patients awaiting craniotomy for supratentorial tumour resection were randomly assigned to one of two study groups . the sufentanil/propofol group , anaesthesia was induced with 0.5 microg kg ( -1 ) sufentanil and 1-2 mg kg ( -1 ) propofol . infusion and boluses of sufentanil were administered for maintenance . the remifentanil/propofol group , anaesthesia was started with an infusion of remifentanil ( 0.2-0 .35 microg kg ( -1 ) min ( -1 ) ) and a bolus of propofol ( 1.5-2 mg kg ( -1 ) ) . received a propofol infusion and a remifentanil infusion for maintenance of anaesthesia . times were taken from cessation of the propofol infusion . addition , data about self-reported nausea and vomiting , pain and analgesic requirements were collected . in the remifentanil/propofol group were extubated earlier ( mean times 6.4 ( + / - SD 4.7 ) versus 14.3 ( + / - 9.2 ) min ; P = 0.003 ) . two groups were similar with respect to postoperative nausea and vomiting , and patient-reported pain scores . per cent of the remifentanil/propofol patients and 88 % of the sufentanil/propofol patients required no analgesics within 1 h after operation ( P = 0.03 ) . remifentanil/propofol regimen provided quicker recovery . two regimens were similar in terms of postoperative nausea and vomiting and patient-reported pain scores , but patients in the remifentanil / propofol group required more analgesics within 1 h postoperatively ."
3648,Abstract #3648,"recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion is disappointingly high . aim of the present study was to prospectively investigate if standard echocardiographic variables at the day of cardioversion could predict sinus rhythm maintenance . echocardiographic examination was performed within 4 h after cardioversion for all the patients in the CAPRAF ( Candesartan in the Prevention of Relapsing Atrial Fibrillation ) study . was successful for 137 patients not given specific antiarrhythmic therapy , and only 41 ( 30 % ) maintained sinus rhythm at 6-month follow-up . were significant ( p = 0.05 ) lower transmitral A wave velocities in the group with relapsing atrial fibrillation compared with the group with sinus rhythm at 6-month follow-up . patients with the lowest A wave velocities had an early recurrence of atrial fibrillation . were no differences between the groups regarding atrial dimensions or left ventricular function . use of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan had no influence on the echocardiographic variables , nor on the recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation after cardioversion . echocardiographic examination performed a short time after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation showed that only A wave peak velocities were significantly predictive of sinus rhythm maintenance 6 months after the procedure ."
3649,Abstract #3649,"counting ( CHC ) is ack - nowledged by the American Diabetes Association ( ADA ) as an important tool . assess the efficacy of photographic educational materials to train adolescents with DM to perform CHC . adolescents were randomly divided into two groups of CHC orientation : by means of photographic materials ( Photo ) or by a list of foods ( List ) . month afterwards , the participants were contacted via telephone to answer questions on CHC to reinforce the training ( Quiz ) . days after taking the quiz , required the participants to visit an experimental kitchen to observe food portions in natura and to respond to a questionnaire on the weights in grams or carbohydrate equivalents of these portions . significance was established at p < 0.05 . adolescents completed the study ( 79.7 % female ) , with 51.8 % allocated to the Photo group and 48.1 % to the List group . mean age was 13.8 2.0 years old , and the mean body mass index ( BMI ) was 21.0 3.2 kg/m2 . participants had average of 7.9 1.5 years of schooling , while their parents had 8.0 3.8 years . knowledge of CHC was similar in both groups before the intervention . the intervention , the Photo group achieved a significantly higher hit difference on the CHC assessment test than the List group ( Photo : 2.5 vs List : 1.0 ; p = 0.03 ) . photographic educational material was more effective in helping adolescents with DM understand and learn to perform carbohydrate counting ."
3650,Abstract #3650,"investigate the therapeutic effectiveness in infertile couples with anovulatory , mild endometriosis-related and unexplained infertility of a personalized approach to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( COH ) ( group A ) on the basis of body mass index ( BMI ) and waist/hip ratio ( WHR ) in comparison to a conventional protocol ( group B ) . group A , we obtained a significantly higher pregnancy rate and number of multifollicular cycles in comparison to group B. addition , the pregnancy rate/ovulatory cycle and the number of ovulatory cycles were higher ( but not significantly ) in group A. group B , we observed a not significantly higher number of monofollicular cycles and required length of stimulation in comparison to group A. personalized therapeutic protocol , based on simple criteria such as BMI and WHR , leads to a higher number of single and twin pregnancies , without any significant increase of higher grade multiple pregnancies or severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ."
3651,Abstract #3651,"determine the feasibility and clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided facet joint injection and nerve block in lumbar facet joint for the treatment of facet-joint related low back pain . patients with facet-joint pain were randomized into two groups received block blindly ( B group ) or guided by ultrasound ( US group ) respectively . location of needle tip was confirmed by CT in both groups , and the accuracy was computed afterwards . score , puncture time and one-time puncture success rate ( % ) were recorded . scores and pain remission rates in both groups were recorded at 30 min , 1 d , 2 d , 6 weeks after the block . VAS scores were 3.3 + / - 0.4 in US group and 1.2 + / - 0.3 in B group ( P < 0.05 ) . puncture time was ( 206 + / - 27 ) s in US group while ( 397 + / - 31 ) s in B group ( P < 0.05 ) . were 37 facet joint blocks guided by ultrasound , in which 32 were correctly targeted with the first puncture . success rate is 86.5 % . were 35 facet joint blocks blindly , in which 11 were correctly targeted with the first puncture . success rate is 31.4 % . difference of one-time puncture success rate between the two groups was significant ( P < 0.05 ) . of VAS and pain remission rate at half an hour after facet joint injection between B group and US group were significant ( P < 0.05 ) . were 8 , 9 , 9 , and 9 patients in US group obtaining a reduction in VAS scores > or = 3 at 30 min , 1 d , 2 d and 6 weeks after the procedure respectively , while the numbers of such patients were 5 , 6 , 5 , 5 in B group ( P > 0.05 ) . 6 weeks of follow-up , the overall remission rates were ( 72.3 + / - 14.0 ) % in US group , and ( 56.7 + / - 11.0 ) % in B group , there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . ultrasound-guided lumbar facet joint injection technique had a high feasibility and accuracy , and had better clinical efficacy than block blindly ."
3652,Abstract #3652,"is still controversy regarding the optimal strategy for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) in high-risk surgical populations . acustimulation at the P6 acupoint has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing PONV , the effect of this nonpharmacologic therapy on the patient 's recovery with respect to resumption of normal activities of daily living has not been previously assessed when it is used as part of a multimodal antiemetic regimen . , we designed this randomized , sham-controlled , and double-blind study to assess the efficacy of a disposable acupressure device ( Pressure Right ; Pressure Point Inc. , Grand Rapids , MI ) on the incidence of emetic episodes and quality of recovery when used in combination with ondansetron and dexamethasone for antiemetic prophylaxis . hundred ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing major laparoscopic procedures were randomly assigned to either a control group ( n = 50 ) receiving a `` sham '' acustimulation device or an acupressure group ( n = 50 ) receiving a disposable Pressure Right device placed bilaterally at the P6 point 30 to 60 minutes before induction of anesthesia . patients received a standardized general anesthetic . combination of ondansetron , 4 mg IV , and dexamethasone , 4 mg IV , was administered during surgery for antiemetic prophylaxis in both study groups . incidence of nausea and vomiting and the need for `` rescue '' antiemetic therapy were assessed at specific time intervals for up to 72 hours after surgery . recovery profiles and quality of recovery questionnaires were evaluated at 48 hours and 72 hours after surgery . satisfaction with the management of their PONV was assessed at the end of the 72-hour study period . 2 study groups did not differ in their demographic characteristics or risk factors for PONV . incidence of vomiting at 24 hours was significantly decreased in the acupressure group ( 10 % vs 26 % , P = 0.04 , 95 % confidence interval for absolute risk reduction 1 % -31 % ) . overall incidence of vomiting from 0 to 72 hours after surgery was also significantly decreased from 30 % to 12 % in the acupressure group ( P = 0.03 , 95 % confidence interval 2 % -33 % ) . , adjunctive use of the acupressure device seemed to enhance patient satisfaction with their PONV management and quality of recovery at 48 hours after surgery . , the recovery times to hospital discharge , resumption of normal physical activities , and return to work did not differ significantly between the 2 study groups . of the Pressure Right acupressure device in combination with antiemetic drugs provided a reduction in the incidence of vomiting from 0 to 72 hours after surgery with an associated improvement in patient satisfaction with their PONV management . , recovery and outcome variables failed to demonstrate any improvement with the addition of the acupressure device ."
3653,Abstract #3653,"determine the efficacy of a corticosteroid in reducing the short-term mortality of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis . , double-blind , placebo-controlled multicenter trial . university teaching hospitals . enrolled 66 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and either spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a discriminant function value greater than 32 , calculated using the formula : 4.6 ( prothrombin time - control time ) + serum bilirubin [ in mumol/L ] / 17.1 . patients ( 89 % ) completed the study . patients withdrew from the trial . other 64 patients were hospitalized for the duration of the trial ; however , treatment was discontinued in 5 patients because of potential drug toxicity . were randomly assigned to receive either methylprednisolone ( 32 mg ) or placebo within 7 days of admission . was given for 28 days . doses were then tapered over 2 weeks and discontinued . endpoint of the study was death . the 31 recipients of placebo , 11 ( 35 % ) died within 28 days of randomization compared with 2 ( 6 % ) of the 35 patients given methylprednisolone ( P = 0.006 ) . 95 % CI for the difference in mortality was 12 % to 70 % . the patients with spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy at entry , 9 of 19 recipients of placebo died ( 47 % ) compared with 1 ( 7 % ) of the 14 patients given methylprednisolone ( P = 0.02 ) . 95 % CI for the difference in mortality was 14 % to 66 % . Cox proportional hazards regression model showed the advantage of methylprednisolone over placebo after adjustment for other potentially important prognostic variables ( P = 0.004 ) . therapy decreases short-term mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis manifested either by spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a markedly elevated discriminant function value ."
3654,Abstract #3654,"study the effect of acetazolamide on cystoid macular edema in patients with uveitis . patients with chronic intermediate , posterior , or panuveitis associated cystoid macular edema were randomized into a masked , cross-over trial comparing acetazolamide versus placebo . received an initial 4-week course of either acetazolamide or placebo ( course A ) followed by a 4-week washout period . then received a 4-week course of the opposite study medication ( course B ) . endpoints included area of cystoid macular edema measured on late-phase views of fluorescein angiography and visual acuity . patients completed the trial and were available for analysis ; 17 ( 46 % ) were randomized to receive acetazolamide and 20 ( 54 % ) to receive placebo during course A. Acetazolamide resulted in a 0.5-disc area ( 25 % ) decrease in cystoid macular edema over that of placebo ( P = 0.01 ; estimated treatment effect = -0.5 disc areas ; 95 % confidence interval , -0.9 to -0.1 ) . , there was no statistically significant effect of acetazolamide on visual acuity ( P = 0.61 ; estimated treatment effect = 0.6 letters ; 95 % confidence interval , -2 to 3 ) . 4-week course of acetazolamide therapy results in a statistically significant but small decrease in cystoid macular edema in patients with chronic uveitis , and does not improve visual acuity . contrast to previous studies in the literature , acetazolamide may have a more limited clinical benefit in patients with long-standing cystoid macular edema associated with chronic uveitis ."
3655,Abstract #3655,"carried out a prospective , randomized study to evaluate the usefulness of premedication with an oral anticholinergic for relief of pain during and after a barium enema of the colon . were randomized into three groups : no medication , placebo , and sublingual 1-hyoscyamine sulfate . placebo or hyoscyamine tablet was placed under the tongue 15-30 min before the examination . the procedure the patients were interviewed . analog scale ( 0-10 ) was used to score the level of pain that the patients experienced during the examination . hours after the examination , the patients returned by mail a survey that used the same scale and asked about delayed pain . from 110 patients were studied . patients were women , and 41 were men . ranged from 24 to 82 years old ( mean , 55 years ) . the no-medication group ( n = 36 ) , the mean pain score was 4.1 ; for the placebo group ( n = 34 ) , 3.8 ; and for the hyoscyamine group ( n = 40 ) , 4.2 . statistically significant difference in pain scores was found between any groups ( p = .72 ) . patients from each group reported minor side effects . mean scores from the returned surveys ( n = 79 ) were 3.8 for the no-medication group ( n = 26 ) and placebo group ( n = 22 ) and 3.1 for the hyoscyamine group ( n = 31 ) . statistically significant difference was found between any of these groups ( p = .48 ) or between delayed pain responses and initial pain responses ( p = .27 ) . safe , hyoscyamine seems to provide no benefit over no drug or a placebo when used as a pain premedication for patients undergoing a barium enema ."
3656,Abstract #3656,"observe the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the salivary glands of patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy ( RT ) . cases with head and neck cancer were randomly divided into observation group treated with RT plus Chinese herbal medicine and control group treated with RT alone . level of mouth dryness , the flow and secretion speed of salivary amylase were measured before and during the RT. . severity of mouth dryness increased and the flow and secretion speed of salivary amylase declined during RT. . mouth dryness curve of patients in Chinese medicine group was significantly more flattened than that of the control group after RT. . flow and the secretion speed of salivary amylase of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group at 20 Gy , 40 Gy and 60 Gy . herbal medicine used in this study was effective to relieve the severity of mouth dryness and to protect the salivary glands of patients with head and neck cancer during RT. ."
3657,Abstract #3657,"assess the safety data from two large , multicenter , phase 2 trials on the use of gadoversetamide ( OptiMARK , Tyco Healthcare/Mallinckrodt , St. Louis , MO ) as a contrast agent in delayed hyperenhancement magnetic resonance imaging ( DE-MRI ) in patients with acute and chronic myocardial infarction ( MI ) . study population from both trials comprised 577 patients who were randomly assigned to one of four dose groups ( 0.05 , 0.1 , 0.2 , or 0.3 mmol/kg ) before undergoing DE-MRI . evaluations included physical and electrocardiographic ( ECG ) examinations . signs , laboratory values , adverse events ( AE ) , and serious adverse events ( SAE ) were monitored before and after contrast administration . the 577 patients who received gadoversetamide , 124 ( 21.5 % ) reported a total of 164 AEs ; most were mild ( 139 AEs ; 84.8 % ) or moderate ( 25 AEs ; 15.2 % ) . changes were the most frequent AE . investigators judged only eight AEs as likely related to gadoversetamide and only two of the eight as clinically relevant . evaluation suggested neither AE was related to gadoversetamide . SAEs were reported , but none was judged related to gadoversetamide by the site investigators . is safe for use in patients with acute or chronic MI up to a dose of 0.3 mmol/kg ."
3658,Abstract #3658,"Sjgren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by mouth and eye dryness , pain , and fatigue . is the most frequently prescribed immunosuppressant for the syndrome . , evidence regarding its efficacy is limited . evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the main symptoms of primary Sjgren syndrome : dryness , pain , and fatigue . April 2008 to May 2011 , 120 patients with primary Sjgren syndrome according to American-European Consensus Group Criteria from 15 university hospitals in France were randomized in a double-blind , parallel-group , placebo-controlled trial . were assessed at baseline , week 12 , week 24 ( primary outcome ) , and week 48 . last follow-up date for the last patient was May 15 , 2012 . were randomized ( 1:1 ) to receive hydroxychloroquine ( 400 mg/d ) or placebo until week 24 . patients were prescribed hydroxychloroquine between weeks 24 and 48 . primary end point was the proportion of patients with a 30 % or greater reduction between weeks 0 and 24 in scores on 2 of 3 numeric analog scales ( from 0 [ best ] to 10 [ worst ] ) evaluating dryness , pain , and fatigue . 24 weeks , the proportion of patients meeting the primary end point was 17.9 % ( 10/56 ) in the hydroxychloroquine group and 17.2 % ( 11/64 ) in the placebo group ( odds ratio , 1.01 ; 95 % CI , 0.37-2 .78 ; P = .98 ) . weeks 0 and 24 , the mean ( SD ) numeric analog scale score for dryness changed from 6.38 ( 2.14 ) to 5.85 ( 2.57 ) in the placebo group and 6.53 ( 1.97 ) to 6.22 ( 1.87 ) in the hydroxychloroquine group . mean ( SD ) numeric analog scale score for pain changed from 4.92 ( 2.94 ) to 5.08 ( 2.48 ) in the placebo group and 5.09 ( 3.06 ) to 4.59 ( 2.90 ) in the hydroxychloroquine group . mean ( SD ) numeric analog scale for fatigue changed from 6.26 ( 2.27 ) to 5.72 ( 2.38 ) in the placebo group and 6.00 ( 2.52 ) to 5.94 ( 2.40 ) in the hydroxychloroquine group . but 1 patient in the hydroxychloroquine group had detectable blood levels of the drug . had no efficacy in patients with anti-SSA autoantibodies , high IgG levels , or systemic involvement . the first 24 weeks , there were 2 serious adverse events in the hydroxychloroquine group and 3 in the placebo group ; in the last 24 weeks , there were 3 serious adverse events in the hydroxychloroquine group and 4 in the placebo group . patients with primary Sjgren syndrome , the use of hydroxychloroquine compared with placebo did not improve symptoms during 24 weeks of treatment . studies are needed to evaluate longer-term outcomes . Identifier : NCT00632866 ."
3659,Abstract #3659,"is not required to perform a technically adequate gastroscopy ( EGDE ) , but does improve patient satisfaction , comfort , and willingness to repeat particularly in the elderly and those with decreased pharyngeal sensitivity . comparative cost-efficacy of sedation versus no sedation remains poorly characterized . compare the cost-efficacy of diagnostic EGDE with and without sedation in an adult ambulatory Canadian population . double-blind randomized controlled trial assigned patients to sedation versus placebo . Successful endoscopy '' was considered an EGDE rated 4/4 in technical adequacy ( 1 = inadequate to 4 = totally adequate ) , and 1-2/5 in patient self-reported comfort ( 1 = acceptable to 5 = unacceptable ) . outcomes included recovery room time , patient satisfaction alone , and willingness to repeat the procedure . data were obtained using a published , institutional activity-based costing methodology . was intention to treat using standard univariate and multivariate methods . patients ( mean age 54.5 , 48 % male ) were randomized ( N = 210 active vs N = 209 placebo ) . patients randomized to active medication 76 % of procedures were `` successful '' ( placebo 46 % ) , 79 % were satisfied with their level of comfort ( placebo 47 % ) , and willingness to repeat was 81 % ( placebo 65 % ) . observed a 10 % crossover rate from placebo to active medications . use of sedation was the major determinant of successful endoscopy ( OR = 3.8 ; 95 % CI : 2.5-5 .7 ) , but contributed to an increased recovery room time ( 29 vs 15 min ; p < 0.0001 ) . expected cost of an additional successful endoscopy using sedation was $ 90.06 ( CDN ) . a planned subgroup analysis , among the elderly ( > 75 ; N = 53 ) unsedated endoscopy became the dominant approach . , in this population , a trend was observed favoring the effectiveness of placebo ( 63 % ) versus active medication ( 57 % ) ( OR = 0.75 ; 95 % CI : 0.25-2 .3 ) and was less costly resulting in $ 450 savings/unsedated EGDE . the average Canadian ambulatory adult population , sedated diagnostic EGDE is more costly but remains an efficacious strategy by increasing the rate of successful endoscopies , patient satisfaction , and willingness to repeat . , among the elderly ( > 75 yr ) , an unsedated strategy may be more cost-efficacious ."
3660,Abstract #3660,"compare the effects of exergaming with conventional weight-shift training on balance function in patients with chronic stroke . randomized controlled trial . center . ( N = 30 ) with chronic stroke and balance deficits . weeks of Wii Fit training or conventional weight-shift training . balance was assessed using posturography . recorded the stability index and percentage of weight bearing on the affected leg in 8 positions . also used the timed Up and Go and forward reach tests for dynamic balance evaluation , Falls Efficacy Scale-International for fear of falling assessment , and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale for estimating the enjoyment of training . exergaming group showed more improvement in stability index than the control group in head straight with eyes open while standing on a foam surface , eyes closed while standing on a solid surface with head turned 30 to the left , and eyes closed while standing on a solid surface with head turned up positions ( time-group interaction P = .02 , .04 , and .03 , respectively ) ; however , the effects were not maintained . 3-month follow-up , the control group showed more improvement in weight-bearing symmetry in the head straight with eyes open while standing on a solid surface position than the exergaming group ( time-group interaction P = .03 ) . groups showed improvement in the timed Up and Go test , forward reach test , and fear of falling . improvement in fear of falling was not maintained . exergaming group enjoyed training more than the control group ( P = .03 ) . is enjoyable and effective for patients with chronic stroke ."
3661,Abstract #3661,"is an established topical therapy for psoriasis vulgaris . study aimed to investigate whether the addition of calcipotriol to fumaric acid ester ( FAE ) monotherapy had an additive efficacy and an FAE-sparing effect in patients with severe plaque psoriasis . multicentre , randomised , double-blind , vehicle-controlled study included 143 patients for up to 13 weeks treatment . A received FAE tablets ( Fumaderm ) with an increasing daily dosage from 105 to 1,075 mg + ointment vehicle . B received FAE tablets + calcipotriol ointment ( 50 microg/g ) . were applied twice daily . response was assessed using percentage changes in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ( PASI ) , from baseline to treatment end . mean percentage change in the PASI was -76.1 % in group B and -51.9 % in group A , the difference between treatments was -24.2 % ( 95 % CI from -34.2 to -14.2 % ; p < 0.001 ) . B responded more rapidly to treatment . ' and patients ' overall efficacy assessments were significantly more favourable for group B ( p < or = 0.001 ) . B was prescribed less FAE than group A. difference was greatest at the last visit ( mean daily dose 529 and 685 mg , respectively ; p = 0.006 ) . adverse events in the two groups were similar . study shows that the combination of calcipotriol and FAEs is significantly more effective and faster acting than FAE monotherapy in the treatment of severe plaque psoriasis . combination has a slight FEA-sparing effect and therefore a superior benefit/risk ratio ."
3662,Abstract #3662,"compare the cost of manual small incision cataract surgery ( MSICS ) with conventional extracapsular cataract surgery ( ECCE ) in community eye care settings . single masked randomised trial was used to compare the safety , efficacy , time , and patient satisfaction of surgery by both the techniques . fixed facility and recurrent cost for the two procedures was calculated based on information collected from different sources . cost per procedure was calculated by dividing the total cost by the number of procedures performed . average cost of an ECCE procedure for the hospital was Rs 727.76 ( US$ 15.82 ) and the average cost of a MSICS procedure was Rs 721.40 ( $ 15.68 ) , of which Rs . ( $ 11.34 ) was the fixed facility cost common to both . ECCE and MSICS are economical in community eye care settings , but MSICS is economical and gives better uncorrected visual acuity in a greater proportion of patients ."
3663,Abstract #3663,"addition of boceprevir to therapy with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin results in significantly higher rates of sustained virologic response ( SVR ) in previously treated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) genotype-1 infection , compared with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin alone . assessed SVR with boceprevir plus peginterferon alfa-2a-ribavirin ( PEG2a/R ) in patients with identical study entry criteria . a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , 201 patients with HCV genotype-1 who had relapsed or not responded to previous therapy were assigned to groups ( 1:2 ) and given a 4-week lead-in phase of PEG2a/R , followed by placebo plus PEG2a/R for 44 weeks ( PEG2a/R ) or boceprevir plus PEG2a/R for 44 weeks ( BOC/PEG2a/R ) . primary end point was SVR 24 weeks after therapy ended . addition of boceprevir after 4 weeks of lead-in therapy with PEG2a/R significantly increased the rate of SVR from 21 % in the PEG2a/R group to 64 % in the BOC/PEG2a/R group ( P < .0001 ) . patients with poor response to interferon therapy ( < 1-log ( 10 ) decline in HCV RNA at week 4 ) , 39 % in the BOC/PEG2a/R group had SVRs , compared with none of the patients in the PEG2a/R group . patients with good response to interferon ( 1-log ( 10 ) decline ) , 71 % in the BOC/PEG2a/R group had SVRs , compared with 25 % in the PEG2a/R group . 1-log ( 10 ) decline in HCV RNA at treatment week 4 was the strongest independent predictor of SVR , exceeding that of IL-28B genotype . 8 patients who began the study with HCV amino acid variants associated with boceprevir resistance , 3 ( 38 % ) achieved SVRs . percent of patients in the BOC/PEG2a/R group developed anemia ( hemoglobin < 10.0 g/dL ) , compared with 27 % in the PEG2a/R group ; 43 % vs 21 % , respectively , developed neutropenia ( neutrophil count < 750/mm ( 3 ) ) . addition of boceprevir after 4 weeks of lead-in therapy with PEG2a/R caused significantly higher rates of SVR in previously treated patients with chronic HCV genotype-1 infection , compared with patients given only PEG2a/R . Identifier : NCT00845065 ."
3664,Abstract #3664,"is a safe and effective prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting associated with moderate to highly emetogenic chemotherapy . trials have been conducted to determine the optimal effective dose of granisetron in children with cancer . objective of this report was to compare two doses of granisetron in patients with optic pathway tumors receiving moderately emetogenic doses of carboplatin . this double-blind , crossover , randomized study , antiemetic efficacy and tolerability of two dose levels ( 10 and 40 microg/kg ) of granisetron in the prevention of acute and delayed nausea/emesis were compared in children and young adults . total of 18 patients ( 13 boys ) aged 1-23 years ( median 7.7 years ) treated with a moderately emetogenic dose of carboplatin were randomly assigned to receive either 10 or 40 microg/kg of slow granisetron intravenous ( i.v. ) infusions at alternating cycles of chemotherapy in a blinded fashion until the end of the study period or until their chemotherapy regimen ended . this way , the patients acted as their own controls . in the granisetron 10 and 40 microg/kg groups received 104 and 121 cycles of chemotherapy , respectively . was no significant difference in antiemetic efficacy in terms of nausea and emesis between the dose groups in the first 5 days of chemotherapy . treatment was well tolerated . conclude that granisetron 10 and 40 microg/kg have comparable efficacy in controlling carboplatin-induced acute and delayed nausea/emesis and is well tolerated in children and young adults ."
3665,Abstract #3665,"of endotracheal intubation to avoid deleterious effect on hemodynamic responses occurring during laryngoscopy and intubation compelled researchers to venture into alternative measures of airway management with subtle hemodynamic responses . study was carried out to compare the conditions for laryngeal mask airways LMA insertion with widely used intravenous induction agents , thiopentone sodium and propofol , and also to compare the undesired responses occurring during LMA insertion with them . study was prospective , randomized , and double blind . patients selected were randomly allocated into two groups : Group 1 ( propofol ) and group II ( thiopentone ) . heart rate and blood pressure were recorded . healthy adult patients of either sex belonging to age group of 20-60 years and ASA grade I or II , to undergo surgery less than 1 h , were selected for the study-Patients were randomly allocated in two groups , 30 in each group . with midazolam 0.04 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 mg/kg done in both groups . , group 1 was induced with 2 mg/kg of propofol and group 2 with 5 mg/kg of thiopentone sodium . study revealed that , ease of insertion of LMA , was statistically significantly greater in group 1 when compared with group 2 ( P 0.05 ) . time required for successful insertion of LMA was lesser in group 1 patients ( 53.8 7.77 s ) than in group 2 patients ( 84.7 16.54 s ) ( P 0.001 ) . of undesired responses were more in group 2 , as incremental boluses of respective induction agents were required in 20 % patients in thiopentone group compared to only 6 % patients in propofol group and 13 % of patients in thiopentone group required rescue succinylcholine ."
3666,Abstract #3666,"vitro studies have demonstrated that ticagrelor , an oral antiplatelet agent , is a substrate , activator , and inhibitor of cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) 3A . , potential CYP3A-mediated drug-drug interactions may occur . goal of this article was to report study results on the effect of ticagrelor on the pharmacokinetics of oral midazolam ( oral midazolam study ) and oral versus intravenous ( IV ) midazolam ( oral/IV midazolam study ) . objectives included assessing the effect of midazolam on ticagrelor pharmacokinetic parameters , and the safety and tolerability of ticagrelor/midazolam coadministration . randomized crossover studies were conducted in healthy volunteers ( n = 28 in each ) with ticagrelor and midazolam . the first study , volunteers received oral ticagrelor ( 400 mg daily ) or placebo for 6 days , then oral midazolam ( 7.5 mg ) . second study regimen was a single dose of ticagrelor 270 mg , then ticagrelor 180 mg BID for 6 days with a single oral ( 7.5 mg ) or IV ( 2.5 mg ) dose of midazolam . oral midazolam administration , ticagrelor significantly reduced the AUC ( 0 - ) of midazolam ( 30 % -32 % ) and 4-hydroxymidazolam ( 42 % -47 % ) but not 1-hydroxymidazolam . administration of IV midazolam , ticagrelor reduced the AUC ( 0 - ) of midazolam ( 12 % ) and 4-hydroxymidazolam ( 23 % ) but not 1-hydroxymidazolam . results indicate that ticagrelor can weakly activate the metabolism of midazolam to its major 1 ' - hydroxy metabolite , and at the same time , seems to weakly inhibit midazolam 4 ' - hydroxylation . , ticagrelor affects both hepatic and intestinal CYP3A activity ."
3667,Abstract #3667,"recent years , Shenyi Capsule has been proven to have certain anti-angiogenic effects , and to be effective to many cancers , but its effects on advanced esophageal cancer are scarcely studied . observe the effects of Shenyi Capsule combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin ( GP ) regimen in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer . inpatients with advanced esophageal cancer from Henan Tumor Hospital , and the Fist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included and randomly divided into treatment group and control group . were 30 cases in each group . in the treatment group were treated with Shenyi Capsule combined with GP regimen , and patients in the control group were treated with GP regimen alone . total response rate was calculated . level of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , the chemotherapy side reaction and quality of life in the two groups were evaluated . follow-up of survival time was conducted too . was no significant difference in total response rate between the two groups ( P = 0.264 ) . levels of VEGF in the two groups were decreased as compared with that before the treatment . treatment , the VEGF level in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group ( P = 0.002 ) . decline rates of white blood cell and blood platelet , and the incidence rate of nausea and vomiting in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group , and there were significant differences between the two groups ( P = 0.045 , P = 0.036 , P = 0.037 ) . quality of life of the patients in the treatment group was better than that in the control group ( P = 0.028 ) , and one-year survival rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group ( P = 0.047 ) . Capsule combined with GP regimen is feasible and safe in treatment of advanced esophageal cancer , and the effects are better than chemotherapy alone . can improve the total response rate , and is effective in inhibiting new angiogenesis of esophageal cancer , reducing chemotherapy side reaction , and improving the patients ' quality of life and survival rates ."
3668,Abstract #3668,"Fatty acid supplementation lowered serum triacylglycerol concentrations in studies in which most of the subjects were male . effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) have received little attention . sought to determine the effects of a fish-oil-derived n-3 fatty acid concentrate on serum lipid and lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving HRT , with an emphasis on serum triacylglycerol concentrations and the ratio of triacylglycerol to HDL cholesterol . women ( n = 36 ) were grouped according to exogenous hormone use and were randomly allocated to receive 8 capsules/d of either placebo oil ( control ) or n-3 fatty acid-enriched oil ( supplement ) . supplement provided 2.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) plus 1.6 g docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) daily . lipids and the fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids were determined on days 0 and 28 . with n-3 fatty acids was associated with 26 % lower serum triacylglycerol concentrations ( P < 0.0001 ) , a 28 % lower overall ratio of serum triacylglycerol to HDL cholesterol ( P < 0.01 ) , and markedly greater EPA and DHA concentrations in serum phospholipids ( P < 0.05 ) . results show that supplementation with a fish-oil-derived concentrate can favorably influence selected cardiovascular disease risk factors , particularly by achieving marked reductions in serum triacylglycerol concentrations and triacylglycerol : HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving HRT . approach could potentially reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 27 % in postmenopausal women ."
3669,Abstract #3669,"detailed information has been available until now about the care setting , circumstances and place of death , symptom burden , and quality of care of persons with end-stage dementia in Germany . cross-sectional study is based on a random sample of 5000 persons who died in the period from 25 May to 24 August 2008 in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate . surviving relatives were contacted and asked to participate in a questionnaire survey . were obtained in this way for 310 persons with dementia and 931 persons without dementia . % of the persons with dementia died at home . patients and their relatives preferred death at home to death anywhere else ( 94.8 % of patients , 77.5 % of relatives ) . living with at least one relative were more likely to die at home ( adjusted odds ratio [ aOR ] 4.69 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 2.71-8 .11 ) . to information supplied by the relatives , the overwhelming majority of patients suffered , two days before death , from moderate to severe weakness ( 94.9 % ) , fatigue ( 94.4 % ) , disorientation/confusion ( 86.9 % ) , and appetite loss ( 86.4 % ) . common symptoms were anxiety ( 61.0 % ) , tension ( 59.9 % ) , dyspnea ( 56.7 % ) , and pain ( 52.5 % ) . relatives were critical of the quality of care on standard hospital wards , citing the limited temporal availability of staff and limited emotional support . data indicate the high symptom burden of persons with dementia in Germany at the end of their lives . underscore the need for proper palliative care in all of the settings where persons with dementia die . in - and outpatient palliative care should not be offered only to patients with cancer , but should rather be made available to all who need it ."
3670,Abstract #3670,"sought to compare a 2-day quadruple therapy with a 14-day triple therapy in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection . consecutive patients with an endoscopically diagnosed peptic ulcer and demonstrated infection by H. pylori were included in the study . were randomized to receive omeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. , amoxicillin 2.5 g once daily , metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d. , and bismuth subcitrate 360 mg t.i.d. for 2 days , followed by omeprazole 20 mg once daily for 6 additional days ( Group 1 ) or a 14-day course of omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. , amoxicillin 1 g t.i.d. , and metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d. ( Group 2 ) . was evaluated by antral biopsy and rapid urease test at 2 months after therapy and by C13-urea breath test after a year . patients were lost to follow-up at 2 months . analysis showed that H. pylori infection was cured in 29 of 42 patients ( 69 % ; 95 % CI : 53-82 % ) in Group 1 versus 36 of 39 ( 92 % ; 95 % CI : 78-98 % ) of patients in Group 2 ( p = 0.009 ) . analysis showed a cure rate of 71 % ( 95 % CI : 55-84 % ) ( 29/41 patients ) and 95 % ( 95 % CI : 81-99 % ) ( 36/38 patients ) , respectively ( p = 0.007 ) . of 65 cured patients returned 1 year after treatment ( 26 in Group 1 , 29 in Group 2 ) . but one in Group 2 remained cured . were no significant differences in compliance ( 88 % in Group 1 versus 92 % in Group 2 ) or in the presence of side effects ( 27 % ; 95 % CI : 15-43 % versus 41 % ; 95 % CI : 26-58 % ; ns ) . quadruple therapy is significantly less effective than 2-wk triple treatment ."
3671,Abstract #3671,"have higher leptin levels than men at a certain degree of adiposity . role of oestrogens in the regulation of serum leptin levels remains inconclusive . aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of unopposed oestrogen replacement therapy , during two months , on serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women . double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized study . healthy postmenopausal women were studied ( mean ( + / - SD ) age : 52.9 + / - 2.7 years , range of age : 48.7-57 .4 years ; mean body mass index ( BMI ) : 26.4 + / - 4.2 kg/m2 , range of BMI : 21.0-39 .0 kg/m2 ) . of these women were treated with 2 mg 17beta-oestradiol daily , and 13 postmenopausal women received placebo . and at the end of a 2-month study period , anthropometric and bio-electrical impedance measurements were performed , and fasting blood samples were taken , to determine serum levels of sex hormones and leptin . the 2-month study period , body weight had increased significantly in the placebo group compared with the treatment group , but no significant changes were observed in percentage of body fat or the amount of body fat in kg between the groups . administration of 17beta-estradiol , the median leptin level increased from 17.6 microg/l to 24.1 microg/l after 2 months ( P = 0.008 compared with baseline ) . increase was significantly different from the placebo group ( P = 0.019 ) , which showed no change in circulating leptin levels . study demonstrates that unopposed oestrogen replacement therapy during 2 months in postmenopausal women slightly , but significantly , increases total serum leptin levels . observation suggests a role for oestrogens in the regulation of leptin ."
3672,Abstract #3672,"study , we examined the effect of Lactobacillus salivarius on the clinical symptoms and medication use among children with established allergic rhinitis ( AR ) . blind , randomized , controlled trial . Tzu-Chi General Hospital . children with current allergic rhinitis received 4x10 ( 9 ) colony forming units/g of Lactobacillus salivarius ( n = 99 ) or placebo ( n = 100 ) daily as a powder mixed with food or water for 12 weeks . SCORing Allergic rhinitis index ( specific symptoms scores [ SSS ] and symptom medication scores [ SMS ] ) , which measures the extent and severity of AR , was assessed in each subject at each of the visits -- 2 weeks prior to treatment initiation ( visit 0 ) , at the beginning of the treatment ( visit 1 ) , then at 4 ( visit 2 ) , 8 ( visit 3 ) and 12 weeks ( visit 4 ) after starting treatment . WBC , RBC , platelet and , eosinophil counts as well as the IgE antibody levels of the individuals were evaluated before and after 3 months of treatment . major outcome , indicating the efficacy of Lactobacillus salivarius treatment , was the reduction in rhinitis symptoms and drug scores . significant statistical differences were found between baseline or 12 weeks in the probiotic and placebo groups for any immunological or blood cell variables . study demonstrates that Lactobacillus salivarius treatment reduces rhinitis symptoms and drug usage in children with allergic rhinitis ."
3673,Abstract #3673,"advances in drug therapy question as to the additional impact behavioral interventions may have on the prognosis of patients with clinically stable coronary heart disease ( CHD ) . aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a multimodal , behavioral intervention on myocardial perfusion ( MP ) and cardiac events , compared to standardized cardiologic care , in patients with stable CHD . CHD patients ( age 54.2 + / - 6.9 years , male 87 % ) were randomly assigned to a behavioral intervention plus standardized cardiologic care ( INT , n = 39 ) or standardized cardiologic care alone ( CO , n = 38 ) . was assessed by ( 201 ) Thallium MP-scintigrams ( SPECT ) at baseline , after 2 , 3 , and 7 years , respectively . cardiac events ( MI , PCI , CABG ) were assessed using the cardiologists ' charts . patients ( 84 % ) completed the study . all patients , the course of MP was significantly better in INT analysis of variance ( ANOVA group x time p = 0.001 ) ; this was also true for patients without subsequent PCI/CABG ( ANOVA group x time p = 0.002 ) . of cardiac events was significantly associated with INT ( 6 vs. 14 ; log rank test p = .047 ) . study suggests additional long-term benefits of a behavioral intervention on myocardial perfusion and cardiac events in patients with stable CHD compared to standardized cardiologic care only ."
3674,Abstract #3674,"positioning for brain-injured adults is variable . data support using a flat backrest to optimize cerebral perfusion pressure ; other data support elevating the head of the bed at least 30 degrees to reduce intracranial pressure . determine whether a flat backrest position or a backrest elevation of 30 degrees provides both optimal cerebral perfusion pressure and optimal intracranial pressure in adults with brain injuries . randomized crossover experimental design was used to collect data on 8 adults 18 to 45 years old who had nonvascular , closed-head , traumatic brain injury . multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data . , compared with use of a flat/horizontal position , use of a backrest elevation of 30 degrees resulted in significant and clinically important improvements in both intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures . of the subjects experienced adverse clinical changes in either intracranial pressure or cerebral perfusion pressure with either backrest position . results strengthen the research foundation for raising the backrest position for adults , 18 to 45 years old , who have nonvascular , nonpenetrating , severe brain injuries ."
3675,Abstract #3675,"with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) were treated on a prospective , randomized trial and were then analyzed to determine whether children with the fibrolamellar ( FL ) histologic variant of HCC have a more favorable presentation , increased surgical resectability , greater response to therapy , and improved outcome compared with children who have typical HCC . patients were enrolled on Pediatric Intergroup Hepatoma Protocol INT-0098 ( Pediatric Oncology Group Study 8945/Children 's Cancer Group Study 8881 ) between August 1989 and December 1992 . undergoing initial surgery or biopsy , children with Stage I HCC ( n = 8 patients ) , Stage III HCC ( n = 25 patients ) , and Stage IV HCC ( n = 13 patients ) were assigned randomly , regardless of histology , to receive treatment either with cisplatin , vincristine , and fluorouracil ( n = 20 patients ) or with cisplatin and continuous-infusion doxorubicin ( n = 26 patients ) . of 46 patients ( 22 % ) had the fibrolamellar variant of HCC ( FL-HCC ) . the entire cohort , the estimated 5-year event free survival ( EFS ) rate ( + / - standard deviation ) was 17 % + / - 6 % . was no difference in outcome among patients who were treated with either regimen . 5-year EFS rate for patients with FL-HCC was no different the rate for patients with typical HCC ( 30 % + / - 15 % vs. 14 % + / - 6 % , respectively ; P = 0.18 ) , although the median survival was longer in patients with FL-HCC . was no difference in the number of patients with advanced-stage disease , the incidence of surgical resectability at diagnosis , or the response to treatment between patients with FL-HCC and patients with typical HCC . with FL-HCC do not have a favorable prognosis and do not respond any differently to current therapeutic regimens than patients with typical HCC . with initially resectable HCC have a good prognosis irrespective of histologic subtype , whereas outcomes are poor uniformly for children with advanced-stage disease . use of novel chemotherapeutic agents and the incorporation of other treatment modalities are indicated to improve the dismal survival of pediatric patients with all histologic variants of advanced-stage HCC ."
3676,Abstract #3676,"evaluated the effects of intra-arterial infusion therapy by comparing the results obtained with a combination of intra-arterial anticancer drugs with and without transcatheter arterial embolization ( TAE ) in patients with cervical cancer . April 1999 and March 2003 , intra-arterial therapy was administered to 45 patients ( mean age 49 years ) with cervical cancer . these , 18 had stage IIb , 4 had stage IIIa , 19 had stage IIIb , and 4 had stage IVb cancer ; the histopathologic types were squamous cell carcinoma ( n = 35 ) , adenocarcinoma ( n = 8 ) , and adenosquamous carcinoma ( n = 2 ) . total of 45 patients gave their informed consent and were randomized on a continuous basis into one of three groups according to the therapeutic protocols : group A consisted of 15 patients who received cisplatin , group B consisted of 17 patients who received cisplatin , mitomycin , doxorubicin hydrochloride , and 5-fluorouracil , and group C consisted of 13 patients who received cisplatin and TAE . protocol was administered twice with a 3 week interval between treatments . efficacy of treatment was evaluated on the basis of the tumor reduction ratio ( % ) using MR imaging and the side effects were analyzed . groups A , B , and C , the tumor reduction ratio was 54 % , 84 % , and 86 % , respectively ; it was significantly greater in groups B and C than in group A ( p < 0.01 ) . difference between groups B and C was not statistically significant . all group C patients developed severe pain after TAE , the pain was controlled with analgesics . occurred in 6 of 17 ( 35 % ) group B patients . B and C patients had better tumor reduction than those in group A. Fewer hematologic complications occurred in group C patients compared with group B."
3677,Abstract #3677,"observe the therapeutic effect of Guben Xiaoliu Capsule ( GXC ) in treating advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . hundred and ninety-eight NSCLC in-patients were divided into the integrative treated group [ Group A , 54 patients treated with chemotherapy ( CT ) plus GXC ] , the TCM treated group ( Group B , 96 patients treated with GXC alone ) and the chemotherapeutic group ( Group C , 48 patients treated with CT alone ) . controlled observation was applied to the Group A and C. clinical effect , quality of life ( QOL ) , adverse reaction and survival period in the three groups were observed . immediate effective rate ( CR + PR ) in the Group A , B and C was 16.7 % , 3.1 % and 8.3 % , respectively , in the Group A , it was better than that in the other two groups ( P < 0.05 ) . improvement of clinical symptoms and QOL in the Group A and B were superior to those in the Group C ( P < 0.05 ) . median survival rate in the three groups was 12 , 15 and 9 months , respectively , the 1 - , 2 - and 3-year survival rate in Group A being 57.4 % , 11.1 % and 3.7 % , respectively , in Group B , 67.7 % , 9.4 % and 3.1 % , and in ( Group C , 39.6 % , 4.2 % and 0 , respectively , comparison between the three groups showed that the survival rates in the former two were higher than those in Group C ( P < 0.05 ) . , the incidence rate and degree of CT toxicity were milder in Group A than those in Group C ( P < 0.05 ) . has definite effect in treating NSCLC , it could raise the QOL , prolong the survival period of patients , also reduce the toxicity and enhance the efficacy of CT. ."
3678,Abstract #3678,"aim of the study was to compare results after 1 and 3 years when single crowns supported by CerAdapt ( test ) ceramic abutments or CeraOne ( control ) titanium abutments were loaded . material was divided into two groups : in group A , 69 ( 34 test , 35 control ) abutments/crowns from all involved clinics were followed for 1 year ; and in group B , 20 ( 10 test , 10 control ) abutments/crowns from one of the clinics were followed for 3 years . implant failed , giving a cumulative success rate of 100 % for the implants . CerAdapt abutments in group A fractured , giving a cumulative success rate of 93 % for the CerAdapt and 100 % for the CeraOne abutments after 1 year . abutment failed in group B , giving a cumulative success rate of 100 % both for the CerAdapt and the CeraOne abutments between 1 and 3 years . CerAdapt fractures might have been due to the fact that the abutments were impaired through too-extensive preparation and/or had been exposed to a too-high bending moment . no marginal bone loss was recorded , indicating a stable bone situation both at CerAdapt and CeraOne abutments on single-tooth implants . conditions , with a relatively stable level of the periimplant mucosa in relation to the abutment/crown , were recorded for soft tissues both at CerAdapt and CeraOne abutments . clinicians and patients rated the esthetic result as excellent for practically all cases . results demonstrate the esthetic possibilities and the safety of single-tooth replacement when accepted treatment concepts are followed and documented components are used . tested abutments worked well , although the fractured CerAdapt abutments indicate that ceramic abutments are more sensitive to handling procedures than the titanium abutments ."
3679,Abstract #3679,"aspiration biopsy ( FNAB ) is an important tool for the cytologic assessment of patients with lymphadenopathy . nonaspiration method ( without the use of a syringe or a handle ) , or fine-needle capillary biopsy ( FNCB ) , is becoming popular for its ease of learning and use . authors compared the two techniques of fine-needle biopsy ( with and without aspiration ) for identifying the cause of superficial lymphadenopathy . a 2-year period 50 cytologic examinations were conducted in patients with superficial lymphadenopathy . procedures were performed at the same site ; the order in which they were performed was determined randomly . were fixed in a similar manner and examined by a cytotechnologist and pathologists blind to the procedure . were tabulated and compared and diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination . best and the average score for the yield of cellular material was higher with FNCB ( P < 0.004 ) . preservation also was superior with FNCB ( P = 0.00066 ) . , the failure rate was lower with FNAB ( P = 0.7662 ) . of superficial lymph nodes yields adequate cellular material of superior quality , which may be advantageous in certain situations . , the diagnostic yield does not appear to be significantly increased using this technique ."
3680,Abstract #3680,"corticosteroid therapy reduces symptoms and nasal mucosal inflammatory cells in patients with allergic rhinitis . patients are advised to start their medication ( 1 week ) before the beginning of the pollen season . effect of pretreatment with a topical corticosteroid on unchallenged nasal mucosa is not well documented . purpose of this study was to investigate , in a double-blind , placebo-controlled study , the effect of 6 weeks ' pretreatment with 200 microg twice daily fluticasone propionate on nasal symptoms and inflammatory cell numbers after nasal allergen provocation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis . patients with grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis were treated for a 6-week period out of the grass pollen season . completing the treatment period , patients were challenged with grass pollen . mucosal biopsy specimens were taken 5 times in every patient . nasal mucosa changes in numbers of T cells , B cells , mast cells , eosinophils , macrophages , and Langerhans ' cells were investigated . 4 weeks of treatment but before allergen provocation , significantly fewer epithelial Langerhans ' cells , macrophages , mast cells , T cells , and eosinophils were found in the fluticasone propionate group compared with those found in the placebo group . the lamina propria significantly fewer Langerhans ' cells and eosinophils were found in the fluticasone propionate group . influx in nasal mucosa after allergen provocation was significantly inhibited in the fluticasone propionate group compared with that in the placebo group for epithelial Langerhans ' cells , mast cells , macrophages , and T cells and for lamina propria eosinophils , mast cells , Langerhans ' cells , macrophages , and T cells . propionate is effective in reducing early - and late-phase nasal symptoms . corticosteroid treatment reduces inflammatory cells in unchallenged nasal mucosa ."
3681,Abstract #3681,"has been shown to reduce myocardial ischemia and symptom severity among selected patients with chronic angina . , data regarding the effect of ranolazine on health status/quality of life ( QOL ) are limited . performed a prospective QOL analysis alongside the Metabolic Efficiency with Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes ( MERLIN ) - TIMI 36 trial , a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of ranolazine in 6560 patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes . status/QOL was evaluated at baseline and 4 , 8 , and 12 months after index hospitalization using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire , Rose dyspnea scale , SF-12 , and EuroQol-5D . status/QOL scores improved significantly at all follow-up time points for both treatment arms . the overall population , randomization to ranolazine was associated with minimal 12-month improvements in angina frequency and Seattle Angina Questionnaire-QOL ( P < 0.05 ) . subsequent exploratory analyses , there was a significant interaction between the benefits of ranolazine and anginal status before the index event . patients with prior angina ( n = 3565 ) , treatment with ranolazine was associated with modest benefits across the full range of QOL domains , with the greatest benefits observed in angina frequency ( mean effect = 3.4 ; P < 0.001 ) and Seattle Angina Questionnaire-QOL ( mean effect = 2.7 ; P < 0.001 ) . were no significant benefits among patients without prior angina , however . a broad population of patients with unstable coronary disease , ranolazine had a minimal effect on disease-specific health status and QOL over approximately 12 months of follow-up . subgroup analysis , however , suggested a modest benefit among the subgroup of patients with angina before their acute coronary syndromes event ."
3682,Abstract #3682,"10 to % of persons living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa having clinical depression , and the consequences of depression for key public health outcomes ( HIV treatment adherence and condom use ) , depression treatment is rarely integrated into HIV care programs . , protocolized approaches to depression care have been used to overcome severe shortages of mental health specialists in developing countries , but not in sub-Saharan Africa and not with HIV clients . aims of this trial are to evaluate the implementation outcomes and cost-effectiveness of a task-shifting , protocolized model of antidepressant care for HIV clinics in Uganda . is a cluster randomized controlled trial that compares two task-shifting models of depression care -- a protocolized model versus a model that relies on the clinical acumen of trained providers to provide depression care in ten public health HIV clinics in Uganda . addition to data abstracted from routine data collection mechanisms and supervision logs , survey data will be collected from patient and provider longitudinal cohorts ; at each site , a random sample of 150 medically stable patients who are depressed according to the PHQ-2 screening will be followed for 12 months , and providers involved in depression care implementation will be followed over 24 months . data will be used to assess whether the two models differ on implementation outcomes ( proportion screened , diagnosed , treated ; provider fidelity to model of care ) , provider adoption of treatment care knowledge and practices , and depression alleviation . cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted to compare the relative use of resources by each model . effective and resource-efficient , the task-shifting , protocolized model will provide an approach to building the capacity for sustainable integration of depression treatment in HIV care settings across sub-Saharan Africa and improving key public health outcomes . has been registered with the National Institutes of Health sponsored clinical trials registry ( 3 February 2013 ) and has been assigned the identifier NCT02056106 ."
3683,Abstract #3683,"presenting at the medial site of the breast may have a worse prognosis compared with tumors located in external quadrants . medial tumors , axillary lymph node staging may not accurately reflect the metastatic potential of the disease . four-hundred twenty-two patients randomly assigned to International Breast Cancer Study Group clinical trials between 1978 and 1999 were classified as medial site ( 1,622 ; 19 % ) or lateral , central , and other sites ( 6,800 ; 81 % ) . follow-up was 11 years . statistically significant difference was observed for patients with medial tumors versus those with nonmedial tumors in disease-free survival ( DFS ; 10-year DFS , 46 % v 48 % ; HR , 1.10 ; 95 % CI , 1.02 to 1.18 ; P = .01 ) and overall survival ( 10-year OS 59 % v 61 % ; HR , 1.09 ; 1.01 to 1.19 ; P = .04 ) . difference increased after adjustment for other prognostic factors ( HR , 1.22 ; 95 % CI , 1.13 to 1.32 for DFS ; and HR , 1.24 ; 95 % CI , 1.14 to 1.35 for OS ; both P = .0001 ) . risk of relapse for patients with medial presentation was largest for the node-negative cohort and for patients with tumors larger than 2 cm . the subgroup of 2,931 patients with negative axillary lymph nodes , 10-year DFS was 61 % v 67 % , and OS was 73 % v 80 % for medial versus nonmedial sites , respectively ( HR 1.33 ; 95 % CI , 1.15 to 1.54 ; P = .0001 for DFS ; and HR 1.40 ; 95 % CI , 1.17 to 1.67 ; P = .0003 for OS ) . site has a significant prognostic utility , especially for axillary lymph node-negative disease , that should be considered in therapeutic algorithms . staging procedures such as biopsy of the sentinel internal mammary nodes or novel imaging methods should be further studied in patients with medial tumors ."
3684,Abstract #3684,"randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of the 5-HT6 receptor antagonist , SB-742457 , in subjects with mild-to-moderate probable Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) . subjects had a Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) score of 12 to 26 after a 4-week , single-blind , placebo run-in phase , and were randomized ( 2:1:1:2 ) to receive placebo , SB-742457 5 mg , 15 mg , or 35 mg once daily for 24 weeks . efficacy endpoints were the Clinician 's Interview-Based Impression of Change with caregiver input ( CIBIC + ) score and change from baseline in Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale ( ADAS-Cog ) score at Week 24 , in the intent-to-treat ( ITT ) population . model-based design provided 90 % power to detect a linear trend in treatment response across increasing doses and > or = 90 % power to compare SB-742457 35 mg with placebo . subjects were randomized . the ITT population ( n = 357 ) , linear trend analysis at Week 24 suggested a dose response for CIBIC + with a mean slope of -0.05 points/5-mg dose increase ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : -0.09 , -0.01 ; p = 0.016 ) . dose response slope for change from baseline in ADAS-Cog was -0.22 points/5-mg dose increase ( 95 % CI : -0.45 , 0.01 ; p = 0.059 ) . adjusted mean treatment difference from placebo at Week 24 for SB-742457 35 mg ( -0.31 ) was significant on CIBIC + ( 95 % CI : -0.62 , -0.00 ; p = 0.047 ) but non-significant on ADAS-Cog ( -1.28 [ 95 % CI : -2.96 , 0.40 ] ; p = 0.135 ) . events occurred in 24-37 % in the SB-742457 groups vs 29 % for placebo ; 11-16 % discontinued SB-742457 vs 15 % for placebo . was generally safe and well tolerated and may be efficacious in AD ."
3685,Abstract #3685,"examine the relation between endothelial dependent and endothelial independent stimuli of varying intensity and measures of vascular function in the brachial artery of young healthy adults , to determine whether these responses are consistent and can be used to assess endothelial function . resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery diameter at rest , after reactive hyperaemia induced by forearm cuff occlusion , and after sublingual isosorbide dinitrate ( ISDN ) . subject was assigned to a random order of six cuff occlusion times ( 30 seconds , 1.5 , 2.5 , 3.5 , 4.5 , and 8 minutes ) and six doses of ISDN ( 10 , 20 , 50 , 100 , 200 , and 400 micrograms ) . males and three females mean age 31 years ( range 25 to 43 ) with no known risk factors for cardiovascular disease . mediated , endothelial dependent dilatation was compared to duration of cuff occlusion , peak reactive hyperaemia , and duration of increased flow . induced , endothelial independent dilatation was compared to dose of ISDN and change in flow . dilatation and duration of peak flow change increased with longer duration of cuff occlusion . 4.5 minutes of occlusion , flow mediated dilatation was mean ( SD ) 96 ( 6 ) % of maximal response and did not increase significantly with longer occlusion times . significant dilatation occurred after 10 or 20 micrograms of ISDN in any subject . increasing doses up to 200 micrograms there was an increase in dilatation . independent dilatation did not increase significantly with doses of ISDN above 200 micrograms . of arterial function vary with duration of blood flow occlusion and ISDN dose . arterial response was reached in all subjects after 4.5 minutes of blood flow occlusion or 200 micrograms of ISDN . , these variables produce consistent reproducible measures of endothelial function ."
3686,Abstract #3686,"of external chest compression ( ECC ) is a key component of Basic Life Support . approaches to improve rescuers ' performance have been evaluated , but few attempts have been made to invent simple devices to improve performance . study evaluates a new visual feedback system for ECC for healthcare professionals . healthcare professionals volunteered ( 14 emergency medical technicians , 45 paramedics , 34 physicians ; age 32 + / -7.2 ( range 21-61 ) ; 72 % male ) in this randomized cross-over study . subjects were tested on a manikin ( Skillreporter ResusciAnne , Laerdal , Stavanger , Norway ) in identical mock cardiac arrest scenario and asked to perform 2 min of continuous ECC ( secured airway ) : Group A ( n = 46 ) : ECC with device first , followed by ECC without device a minimum of 45 min later ; group B ( n = 47 ) : vice versa . endpoints : mean compression rate 90-120 min ( -1 ) ; mean compression depth 38-51 mm . were analyzed using repeated measure logistic regression model for binary categorized endpoints and repeated measure ANOVA test for continuous endpoints . compression depth was achieved by 45.2 % of subjects ( 95 % - CI : 30.5-64 .9 mm ) without vs. 73.1 % ( 95 % - CI : 40.3-57 .4 mm ) with device ( p < 0.001 ) ; correct compression rate was achieved by 62.4 % ( 95 % - CI : 78-147 .8 min ( -1 ) ) without vs. 94.6 % ( 95 % - CI : 87.3-126 .6 min ( -1 ) ) with device ( p < 0.001 ) . , 85 % of the subjects thought the feedback system was helpful and 80.6 % would use it if available . new visual feedback device significantly improved ECC performance ( compression rate and depth ) by healthcare professionals in simulated cardiac arrest . participants found the device easy to use ."
3687,Abstract #3687,"is accumulated in the central nervous system ( CNS ) before birth and is involved in early developmental processes , such as neurite outgrowth and gene expression . determine whether fetal DHA insufficiency occurs and constrains CNS development in term gestation infants . risk reduction model using a randomized prospective study of term gestation single birth healthy infants born to women ( n = 270 ) given a placebo or 400 mg/day DHA from 16 wk gestation to delivery . DHA deficiency sufficient to constrain CNS development was assessed based on increased risk that infants in the placebo group would not achieve neurodevelopment scores in the top quartile of all infants in the study . in the placebo group were at increased risk of lower language development assessed as words understood ( OR 3.22 , CL 1.49-6 .94 , P = 0.002 ) and produced ( OR 2.61 , CL 1.22-5 .58 , P = 0.01 ) at 14 mo , and words understood ( OR 2.77 , CL 1.23-6 .28 , P = 0.03 ) and sentences produced ( OR 2.60 , CL 1.15-5 .89 , P = 0.02 ) at 18 mo using the McArthur Communicative Developmental Inventory ; receptive ( OR 2.23 , CL 1.08-4 .60 , P = 0.02 ) and expressive language ( OR 1.89 , CL 0.94-3 .83 , P = 0.05 ) at 18 mo using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III ; and visual acuity ( OR 2.69 , CL 1.10-6 .54 , P = 0.03 ) at 2 mo. . NCT00620672 ."
3688,Abstract #3688,"regulates bone remodelling through a decrease of the resorptive process and should therefore ameliorate the remodelling processes active in osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints ( ` bone spavin ' ) and alleviate pain associated with abnormal bone lysis . confirm the efficacy of tiludronate , administered as a single infusion at a dose of 1 mg/kg bwt , in the treatment of bone spavin in the horse . double blind placebo controlled trial on 108 clinical cases of bone spavin was undertaken . lameness score of the lamest limb was assessed following distal tarsal analgesia of the contralateral limb and followed-up using the same procedure throughout the study . spavin in the lamest limb was confirmed by distal tarsal analgesia and radiography . were treated at Day 0 and reassessed 60 days later after controlled exercise . second nonblinded treatment was given to unresponsive horses and all horses were re-examined at Day 120 . levels were recorded at each examination . horses completed the trial as per the protocol . tiludronate horses were significantly less lame than the placebo horses ( P = 0.0318 ) . treated at Day 60 with tiludronate showed further improvement in lameness at Day 120 ( P = 0.0096 and P = 0.0034 for horses treated with tiludronate and placebo at Day 0 , respectively ) . only significant difference in radiographic findings between tiludronate and placebo was for presence of periarticular osteophytes ( P = 0.006 ) . treatment is proven to be effective in bone spavin in horses in association with a controlled exercise programme . in combination with controlled exercise offers an alternate medical treatment for bone spavin ."
3689,Abstract #3689,"study tests the efficacy of the Fast Track Program in preventing antisocial behavior and psychiatric disorders among groups varying in initial risk . within four sites ( Durham , NC ; Nashville , TN ; Seattle , WA ; and rural central Pennsylvania ) were selected as high-risk institutions based on neighborhood crime and poverty levels . screening 9,594 kindergarteners in these schools , 891 highest risk and moderate-risk children ( 69 % male and 51 % African American ) were randomly assigned by matched sets of schools to intervention or control conditions . 10-year intervention ( begun in 1991 with three yearly cohorts ) included parent behavior-management training , child social-cognitive skills training , reading tutoring , home visiting , mentoring , and a universal classroom curriculum . included criterion counts and psychiatric diagnoses after grades 3 , 6 , and 9 for conduct disorder , oppositional defiant disorder , attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder , any externalizing disorder , and self-reported antisocial behavior . 9 outcomes were assessed between 2000 and 2003 , depending upon cohort . interaction effects between intervention and initial risk level were found at each age but most strongly after grade 9 . to intervention had a significant positive effect in lowering criterion count scores and diagnoses for conduct disorder , attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder , and any externalizing disorder , and lowering antisocial behavior scores , but only among those at highest risk initially . of serious antisocial behavior can be efficacious across sex , ethnicity , and urban/rural residence , but screening is essential ."
3690,Abstract #3690,"the Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease , all patients were at high cardiovascular risk , and a substantial proportion were hypertensive . performed a post-hoc analysis to explore the hypothesis that telmisartan has a differential action in hypertensive vs. nonhypertensive patients . primary four-fold endpoint ( composite of cardiovascular death , myocardial infarction ( MI ) , stroke , or hospitalization for heart failure ) , the secondary three-fold endpoint ( cardiovascular death , MI , and stroke ) , the individual components , new onset of left ventricular hypertrophy ( LVH ) , and new onset of albuminuria were analyzed . was no evidence for a significantly differential treatment effect of telmisartan in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients for any endpoints , although the occurrence of the secondary three-fold endpoint was significantly lower in the telmisartan group ( 13.0 % ) compared with placebo ( 15.0 % , P < 0.05 ) only in hypertensive patients . , data from this post-hoc analysis suggest that MI may be less frequent in hypertensive patients treated with telmisartan ( 3.8 vs. 5.1 % ; P < 0.05 ) . may also reduce new onset of LVH ( nonhypertensive patients P < 0.05 ; hypertensive patients P < 0.001 ) in both subgroups , and new onset of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in hypertensive patients ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 , respectively ) . effect of telmisartan in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk was not different . post-hoc analysis suggests that MI may be further reduced by telmisartan in hypertensive patients . investigations are needed to study the hypotheses raised by this explanatory analysis ."
3691,Abstract #3691,"though seborrheic keratoses ( SK ) have been well characterized clinically and histopathologically , data regarding clinical and dermoscopic correlation of different types of SK are inadequate . carried out a study to establish any correlation between the clinical and dermoscopic appearance of SK and its variants . was a descriptive study conducted in the Department of Dermatology , a tertiary care institute , from August 2008 to June 2010 . with SK were evaluated with respect to age , sex , age of onset , duration , site of lesions , number of lesions , and morphology . was performed in all cases . total of 250 cases of SK were recruited . male-to-female ratio was 1:1.04 . most common age group affected by SK was 60 years and above ( 40 % ) . most common clinical variant was common seborrheic keratosis ( CSK ) ( 60 % ) . openings ( CL ) ( 80 % ) , fissures and ridges ( FR ) ( 52 % ) , and sharp demarcation ( SD ) ( 83 % ) were consistent finding on dermoscopy in CSK . papulosa nigra ( DPN ) and pedunculated seborrheic keratoses ( PSK ) had characteristic CL and FR in both of them . ( FP ) ( 55 % ) and network-like ( NL ) ( 88 % ) structures were commonly seen in flat SK . keratoses demonstrated SD ( 100 % ) and NL structures ( 100 % ) . most common clinical variant of SK was CSK , followed by DPN , PSK , Flat SK , and stucco keratoses . findings were consistent with those described in the literature ."
3692,Abstract #3692,"To develop and validate an ex vivo comprehensive curriculum for a basic laparoscopic procedure . Although simulators have been well validated as tools to teach technical skills , their integration into comprehensive curricula is lacking . , neither the effect of ex vivo training on learning curves in the operating room ( OR ) , nor the effect on nontechnical proficiency has been investigated . This randomized single-blinded prospective trial allocated 20 surgical trainees to a structured training and assessment curriculum ( STAC ) group or conventional residency training . STAC consisted of case-based learning , proficiency-based virtual reality training , laparoscopic box training , and OR participation . completion of the intervention , all participants performed 5 sequential laparoscopic cholecystectomies in the OR . primary outcome measure was the difference in technical performance between the 2 groups during the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy . outcome measures included differences with respect to learning curves in the OR , technical proficiency of each sequential laparoscopic cholecystectomy , and nontechnical skills . Residents in the STAC group outperformed residents in the conventional group in the first ( P = 0.004 ) , second ( P = 0.036 ) , third ( P = 0.021 ) , and fourth ( P = 0.023 ) laparoscopic cholecystectomies . conventional group demonstrated a significant learning curve in the OR ( P = 0.015 ) in contrast to the STAC group ( P = 0.032 ) . in the STAC group also had significantly higher nontechnical skills ( P = 0.027 ) . Participating in the STAC shifted the learning curve for a basic laparoscopic procedure from the operating room into the simulation laboratory . residents had superior technical proficiency in the OR and nontechnical skills compared with conventionally trained residents . The study registration ID is NCT01560494 . )"
3693,Abstract #3693,"determine the effect of selective internal radiation therapy ( SIRT ) and hepatic arterial chemotherapy ( HAC ) on normal liver volume and spleen volume in patients receiving these treatments for advanced liver cancer . a phase III clinical trial to assess the benefit of SIRT over HAC one group of patients received SIRT + HAC while a second group received HAC only . patients in this trial who had abdominal CT scans available before treatment , and at 3 , 6 , and 12 months after treatment were evaluated . in normal hepatic parenchyma ( NHP ) volume , portal vein diameter and spleen volume were calculated for each patient and analysed for significant trends . mean NHP volume decreased by 17 % ( P = 0.001 ) 12 months after treatment among patients receiving SIRT + HAC ( N = 22 ) , while the mean NHP volume among patients treated with HAC only ( N = 15 ) was unchanged at 12 months . mean portal vein diameter increased by 9 % in both treatment groups , P = 0.048 and P < 0.001 , respectively . mean spleen volume increased by 48 % ( P < 0.001 ) and 26 % ( P = 0.001 ) , respectively , in the two groups 12 months after treatment started . was no clinical evidence of hepatic failure , portal hypertension or splenic dysfunction in any of the patients . of patients with SIRT + HAC causes contraction of the normal hepatic parenchyma , while treatment with HAC alone has no significant effect . with either SIRT + HAC or HAC alone causes a significant increase in portal vein diameter and spleen volume by 12 months after treatment . increase in spleen volume and portal vein size is likely to be due to portal hypertension resulting from scarring within the liver as a result of chemical and radiation hepatitis ."
3694,Abstract #3694,"this study , we investigated the effects of group assertiveness training on assertiveness , social anxiety and satisfaction with interpersonal communication among patients with chronic schizophrenia . limited studies highlighted the effectiveness of group assertiveness training among inpatients with schizophrenia . the lack of group assertiveness training among patients with schizophrenia , further development of programmes focusing on facilitating assertiveness , self-confidence and social skills among inpatients with chronic schizophrenia is needed . study used a prospective , randomized , single-blinded , parallel-group design . study employed a prospective , randomized , parallel-group design . patients were randomly assigned to experimental group receiving 12 sessions of assertiveness training , or a supportive control group . collection took place for the period of June 2009-July 2010 . patients with chronic schizophrenia , assertiveness , levels of social anxiety and satisfaction with interpersonal communication significantly improved immediately after the intervention and at the 3-month follow-up in the intervention group . results of a generalized estimating equation ( GEE ) indicated that : ( 1 ) assertiveness significantly improved from pre - to postintervention and was maintained until the follow-up ; ( 2 ) anxiety regarding social interactions significantly decreased after assertiveness training ; and ( 3 ) satisfaction with interpersonal communication slightly improved after the 12-session intervention and at the 3-month follow-up . training is a non-invasive and inexpensive therapy that appears to improve assertiveness , social anxiety and interpersonal communication among inpatients with chronic schizophrenia . findings may provide a reference guide to clinical nurses for developing assertiveness-training protocols ."
3695,Abstract #3695,"investigate the effects of the different treatment on gut flora in patients with rectal cancer in the perioperative period . total of 64 patients with rectal cancer were prospectively enrolled from July 2010 to June 2011 at the Qingdao University Medical College Affiliated Hospital , and randomized into 8 groups receiving different treatments in perioperative period . design was used to study three factors including preoperative bowel preparation , antibiotics use , and postoperative fasting . were randomized into 8 groups with 8 patients in each group using the random digit table . and postoperative stool specimens were collected and diluted , which were transferred to selective medium . counts were calculated after 48 hours of culture under constant temperature . changes in gut flora between the different groups were compared . to the preoperative parameters , total bacteria , Bifidobacterium , Peptostreptococcus , Lactobacillus , Bacteroides , Enterococcus decreased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) , while the E.coli count increased significantly . bacillus/coccus ratio was significantly imbalanced . bowel preparation , oral antibiotics , and postoperative fasting were all predominant factors associated with gut flora ( all P < 0.05 ) . with the antibiotic restriction group , Bacteroides , Enterococcus , Lactobacillus , Peptostreptococcus , and total bacteria count were reduced significantly , and the bacillus/coccus ratio increased in the non-antibiotics restriction group ( P < 0.05 ) . the bowel preparation group , Bacteroides , Peptostreptococcus , total bacteria count , and the bacillus/coccus ratio decreased ( P < 0.05 ) . the postoperative fasting group , Bacteroides , Enterococcus , total bacteria , and bacillus/coccus ratio decreased ( P < 0.05 ) . , bowel preparation , and postoperative fasting can affect the number and ratio of gut flora in patients with rectal cancer in the perioperative period , leading to dysbacteriosis ."
3696,Abstract #3696,"aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of benfotiamine administered over three weeks ( allithiamine ; a lipid-soluble vitamin B1 prodrug with high bioavailability ) to patients with diabetic polyneuropathy in a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , two-center pilot study . inpatients ( 23 male , 18 female , age range 18 - 70 years ) with a history of type 1 or 2 diabetes and polyneuropathy of not longer than two years , were included in the study . Patients received two 50 mg benfotiamine tablets four times daily and 20 patients received placebo over the three-week study period . clinical units were involved with 10 patients receiving placebo and 10 patients benfotiamine in each . neuropathy score according to Katzenwadel et al. [ 1987 ] was used to evaluate symptoms of polyneuropathy , vibration perception threshold and both the physician 's and the patient 's own assessment were documented . statistically significant ( p = 0.0287 ) improvement in the neuropathy score was observed in the group given active drug when compared to the placebo-treated controls . was no statistically significant change observed in the tuning fork test . most pronounced effect on complaints was a decrease in pain ( p = 0.0414 ) . patients in the benfotiamine-treated group than in the placebo group considered their clinical condition to have improved ( p = 0.052 ) . side effects attributable to benfotiamine were observed . differences between the groups can not be attributed to a change in metabolic parameters since there were no significant alterations in the HbA1 levels and blood sugar profiles . body mass index of the two groups did not differ . pilot investigation ( BEDIP Study ) has confirmed the results of two earlier randomized controlled trials and has provided further evidence for the beneficial effects of benfotiamine in patients with diabetic neuropathy ."
3697,Abstract #3697,"assess dose proportionality of tibolone tablets after multiple oral administration . , randomized , three-period crossover study of Drug Metabolism and Kinetics , N.V. Organon , Oss , The Netherlands . postmenopausal women aged 65 years or younger . received tibolone 1.25 , 2.5 , or 5.0 mg once/day for 7 days . concentrations of tibolone and its three primary metabolites were assayed . state was attained by day 5 . half-life for 3alpha-hydroxytibolone was 7.2-8 .5 hours . steady state , the dose-normalized peak concentration and area under the curve satisfied bioequivalence requirements for the 1.25 - and 2.5-mg doses , but not fully for the 5.0-mg dose . were proportionally slightly lower for the 5.0-mg dose compared with the 1.25 - and 2.5-mg doses . bioequivalence was established for the 1.25 - and 2.5-mg doses , but not between the 5.0-mg dose and the two lower doses of tibolone ."
3698,Abstract #3698,"evaluate the effect of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) - reducing treatment on the development of disc hemorrhages in patients with glaucoma . cohort study of patients in the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial , followed up to 11 years ( median = 8 years ) . with newly detected glaucoma randomized to argon laser trabeculoplasty plus betaxolol ( n = 129 ) or no initial treatment ( n = 126 ) , followed with tonometry , perimetry , and ophthalmoscopy every 3 months , and fundus photography every 6 months . regression expressed as odds ratios ( OR ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) , analysis of variance , and Cox time-dependent models , expressed as hazard ratios ( HRs ) and CIs . ( yes/no ) and frequency of disc hemorrhages . hemorrhages were identified in approximately 55 % of all patients , whether by ophthalmoscopy or review of photographs . analyses including data up to the time of progression , disc hemorrhages were equally common among treated and control patients : 51.2 % versus 45.2 % , respectively ( P = 0.34 ) , based on ophthalmoscopy , and 50.4 % versus 44.4 % , respectively ( P = 0.34 ) , based on photographs . was the only factor related to the presence of disc hemorrhages detected by both ophthalmoscopy ( OR = 0.48 ; CI , 0.26-0 .88 ; P = 0.022 ) and photographs ( OR = 0.64 ; CI , 0.38-1 .09 ; P = 0.099 ) for male patients . frequency of disc hemorrhages over time did not differ between treated and control patients : 8.4 % versus 8.5 % , respectively ( P = 0.93 ) , based on ophthalmoscopy , and 12.4 % versus 11.2 % , respectively ( P = 0.36 ) , based on photographs . hemorrhages were significantly associated with time to progression ( HR = 1.02 ; CI , 1.01-1 .04 ) , and there was no evidence of interaction between treatment group and disc hemorrhages . treatment was unrelated to the presence or frequency of disc hemorrhages . results may suggest that disc hemorrhages can not be considered an indication of insufficient IOP-lowering treatment , and that glaucoma progression in eyes with disc hemorrhages can not be totally halted by IOP reduction . results also suggest that disc hemorrhages do not occur in all patients with glaucoma ."
3699,Abstract #3699,"purpose of this study was to evaluate whether oral clonidine premedication becomes an alternative to N2O in terms of shortening the induction time and attenuation of the adrenergic response to tracheal intubation during inhalation induction with sevoflurane , and to evaluate the quality of anesthetic induction according to the patient 's satisfaction . studied 84 female patients who were randomly allocated into four study groups : Groups I and II received a placebo orally , and Groups III and IV received clonidine at 150 and 300 microg , respectively , 90 min before induction of anaesthesia . were anesthetized using a triple-deep-breath technique with 5 % sevoflurane in Groups I , III and IV , and with 60 % N2O-5 % sevoflurane in group II . time was significantly longer ( P < 0.05 ) in Group I. Increases in mean blood pressure and heart rate after tracheal intubation were significantly suppressed in Groups III and IV but not in Group II compared with Group I. Comfort and impression of anesthesia was better in Groups III and IV than in Groups I and II . volatile anesthetic induction , pre-anesthetic clonidine may become an alternative to N2O and may provide more comfort than with N2O ."
3700,Abstract #3700,"attend preferentially to cigarettes and other smoking-related cues in the environment , in what is known as an attentional bias . is evidence that attentional bias may contribute to craving and failure to stop smoking . retraining procedures have been used in laboratory studies to train smokers to reduce attentional bias , although these procedures have not been applied in smoking cessation programmes . trial will examine the efficacy of multiple sessions of attentional retraining on attentional bias , craving , and abstinence in smokers attempting cessation . is a double-blind randomised controlled trial . smokers attending a 7-session weekly stop smoking clinic will be randomised to either a modified visual probe task with attentional retraining or placebo training . will start 1 week prior to quit day and be given weekly for 5 sessions . groups will receive 21 mg transdermal nicotine patches for 8-12 weeks and withdrawal-orientated behavioural support for 7 sessions . outcome measures are the change in attentional bias reaction time and urge to smoke on the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale at 4 weeks post-quit . outcome measures include differences in withdrawal , time to first lapse and prolonged abstinence at 4 weeks post-quit , which will be biochemically validated at each clinic visit . will take place at 8 weeks , 3 months and 6 months post-quit . is the first randomised controlled trial of attentional retraining in smokers attempting cessation . trial could provide proof of principle for a treatment aimed at a fundamental cause of addiction . Controlled Trials : ISRCTN54375405 ."
3701,Abstract #3701,"describe how nurse case managers care for older women with breast cancer . randomized , prospective trial . community hospitals and two public hospitals in southeastern Texas . older women aged 60-89 years newly diagnosed with breast cancer and being cared for by 60 surgeons . participants were Caucasian . total of 166 women were in the control group , and 159 were in the intervention nurse case management group . nurses implemented multiple nursing interventions in each nursing process phase over a period of 12 months . variables were participants ' demographic characteristics , depressive symptomatology , and cognitive impairment . case management contact was a dependent variable . each nursing phase , a greater number of nurse case management contacts were made in the first quarter . analysis illustrated statistical differences among race , income , education , and living alone with respect to the mean amount of nurse case management . analysis revealed that age , income , living alone , and stage of cancer predicted more nurse case management contact . case managers may play a role in helping older women with breast cancer achieve positive health outcomes . on the findings of this study , nurses can develop specific nursing interventions to meet the needs of older women with breast cancer . can use the Model of Nurse Case Management to plan and manage care for older women with breast cancer ."
3702,Abstract #3702,"compare insulin administration using premixed insulin ( 70 % NPH/30 % Regular ) by an injectable pen with traditional self-mixed insulin administered by syringe . this study , 93 women were enrolled into four groups : 1 ) self-mixed/syringe , 2 ) premixed/syringe , 3 ) self-mixed/pen , and 4 ) premixed/pen . in the premixed pen group had significantly less cesarean deliveries for failure to progress in labor and a decrease ( not significant ) in postpartum infection and infant macrosomia . felt premixed insulin administered by the pen was easier to use . significant differences were noted in glucose control , compliance among the four groups , or cost . insulin administration via the pen is safe , effective and no more costly than traditional treatment for pregnant diabetic women ."
3703,Abstract #3703,"patient work of breathing ( WOBpt ) has been suggested to provide safe , aggressive weaning from mechanical ventilation . compared WOBpt and pressure-time-product ( PTP ) to routine weaning parameters [ breath rate ( f ) , tidal volume ( VT ) , frequency/tidal volume ratio ( f/VT ) ] at different levels of pressure support ventilation ( PSV ) . patients in the surgical intensive care unit requiring prolonged weaning ( more than 3 days ) were entered in the study . balloon-tipped esophageal catheter was placed and position confirmed by inspection of pressure and flow waveforms . patient was randomly assigned to breathe with 5 , 10 , 15 , and 20 cm H2O of PSV . 30 minutes , 40 breaths were recorded and analyzed . of WOBpt PTP , f , VT , and f/VT were made using the Bicore CP-100 monitor . values for each parameter were calculated . and WOBpt were plotted against f/VT to determine correlation coefficient . , WOBpt and f/VT decreased in a stepwise fashion as PSV was increased . f/VT correlated most closely with WOBpt ( r = 0.983 ) and PTP ( r = 0.972 ) . f alone also correlated with WOBpt ( r = 0.894 ) and PTP ( r = 0.881 ) . patients were weaned from the ventilator ( mean duration , 22 + / - 5.9 days ) . patients required tracheostomy before final liberation from the ventilator ( mean duration , 22 + / - 5.9 days ) . patients required tracheostomy before final liberation from the ventilator . measurement of WOBpt is invasive , expensive , and ' may be confusing to clinicians . f/VT may be useful when changing PSV during weaning ."
3704,Abstract #3704,"study aimed to evaluate if the combination of pressure-support ventilation ( PSV ) and automatic tube compensation ( ATC ) is superior to PSV alone in weaning patients with severe neurotoxic snake envenoming receiving mechanical ventilation . patients on volume controlled continuous mandatory ventilation were randomized to weaning with PSV alone ( PSV group , 18 patients ) or PSV plus ATC ( ATC group , 23 patients ) . both groups , PSV was initially set at 15 cm H ( 2 ) O , and CPAP at 5 cm H ( 2 ) O , with progressive downward titration . ATC group additionally , received inspiratory ATC at 100 % through a ventilator-software-driven algorithm . primary outcome measure was weaning duration . outcomes studied included reintubation rate , occurrence of pneumonia , and hospital mortality . time to presentation to hospital after snake bite was 7 hours ( interquartile range [ IQR ] 4-9 .5 h ) . duration of weaning was significantly shorter in the ATC group than in the PSV group ( 8 h , 95 % confidence interval 6.6-9 .4 h vs 12 h , 95 % confidence interval 9.9-14 .1 h , P = .03 via log-rank test ) . duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive-care-unit stay were similar between the PSV and the ATC groups ( 36.5 h , IQR 23.0-52 .0 h vs 41.0 h , IQR 25.0-48 .0 h , and 3.5 d , IQR 2-4 d vs 3 d , IQR 2-4 d , respectively ) . patients in the PSV group and none in the ATC group developed pneumonia ( P = .08 ) . patient in either group needed reintubation or died in hospital . addition of ATC to a standard PSV-based weaning protocol significantly shortened time needed to wean patients with severe neurotoxic snake envenoming , without changing the duration of medical care , morbidity , or mortality ."
3705,Abstract #3705,"is an indispensable component within the human diet . is unclear , however , whether behavioral strategies exist to avoid shortages . objective was to investigate the effect of a low protein status compared with a high protein status on food intake and food preferences . used a randomized crossover design that consisted of a 14-d fully controlled dietary intervention involving 37 subjects [ mean SD age : 21 2 y ; BMI ( in kg/m ( 2 ) ) : 21.9 1.5 ] who consumed individualized , isoenergetic diets that were either low in protein [ 0.5 g protein kg body weight ( BW ) ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ] or high in protein ( 2.0 g protein kg BW ( -1 ) d ( -1 ) ) . diets were followed by an ad libitum phase of 2.5 d , during which a large array of food items was available , and protein and energy intakes were measured . showed that in the ad libitum phase protein intake was 13 % higher after the low-protein diet than after the high-protein diet ( 253 70 compared with 225 63 g , P < 0.001 ) , whereas total energy intake was not different . higher intake of protein was evident throughout the ad libitum phase of 2.5 d. addition , after the low-protein diet , food preferences for savory high-protein foods were enhanced . a protein deficit , food intake and food preferences show adaptive changes that suggest that compensatory mechanisms are induced to restore adequate protein status . indicates that there are human behavioral strategies present to avoid protein shortage and that these involve selection of savory high-protein foods . trial was registered with the Dutch Trial register at http://www.trialregister.nl as NTR2491 ."
3706,Abstract #3706,"pre-drinking mood state has been indicated to be an important factor in the mood effects of alcohol . , for moderate alcohol consumption there are no controlled studies showing this association . , the mood effects of consuming alcohol combined with food are largely unknown . aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol combined with a meal on ambiance-induced mood states . effects on autonomic nervous system activity were measured to explore physiological mechanisms that may be involved in changes of mood state . a crossover design 28 women ( age 18-45 y , BMI 18.5-27 kg/m2 ) were randomly allocated to 4 conditions in which they received 3 glasses of sparkling white wine ( 30 g alcohol ) or alcohol-free sparkling white wine while having dinner in a room with either a pleasant or unpleasant created ambiance . filled out questionnaires ( B-BAES , POMS and postprandial wellness questionnaire ) at different times . conductance and heart rate variability were measured continuously . alcohol consumption increased happiness scores in the unpleasant , but not in the pleasant ambiance . consumption increased happiness and stimulation feelings within 1 hour and increased sedative feelings and sleepiness for 2.5 hour . conductance was increased after alcohol within 1 hour and was related to happiness and stimulation scores . rate variability was decreased after alcohol for 2 hours and was related to mental alertness . inductions and autonomic nervous system parameters may be useful to evaluate mood changes by nutritional interventions . alcohol consumption elevates happiness scores in an unpleasant ambiance . , drinking alcohol during a pleasant mood results in an equally positive mood state . NCT01426022 ."
3707,Abstract #3707,"permeability to fluorescein ( Pdc ) increases with closed-eye soft contact lens wear . mechanisms responsible for this change include corneal hypoxia ( and acidosis ) during overnight wear and interference of the lens with normal tear exchange . this study we used a local environmental chamber to examine the effects of hypoxia on Pdc . baseline slit-lamp examination , autofluorescence , and central corneal thickness measurements , 35 subjects were fitted with a pair of airtight swimming goggles . eye was exposed to a humidified gas mixture containing 95 % nitrogen ( N2 ) and 5 % carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , and the fellow ( control ) eye was exposed to air . experimental eye and the eye measured first were assigned using a randomized block design . the subjects wore the goggles for 1 hour , corneal thickness measurements were repeated and Pdc was assessed as previously described . final slit-lamp examination was performed by a masked examiner to assess epithelial integrity . was no significant difference in the mean ln ( Pdc ) ( 95 % confidence interval ) for eyes exposed to N2/CO2 when compared with paired eyes exposed to air ( -2.70 [ -2.99 , -2.41 ] vs -2.51 [ -2.72 , -2.30 ] ln [ nm/sec ] , P = .272 ) . there was also no substantial difference in the slit-lamp appearance of the experimental and control eyes , the mean ( 95 % confidence interval ) change in corneal thickness for the hypoxic eyes was 19.78 ( 15.72 , 23.84 ) microm compared with 3.40 ( -0.67 , 7.47 ) microm ( P < .0001 ) in the control eyes . hour of hypoxia caused a significant increase in corneal thickness with no apparent change in Pdc . suggests that other factors , either alone or in combination with hypoxia , may be responsible for increased Pdc during closed-eye contact lens wear ."
3708,Abstract #3708,"assess pain and overall experience of transvaginal sonography ( TVS ) in asymptomatic postmenopausal women . the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening ( UKCTOCS ) , 50639 postmenopausal women were randomized to undergo annual TVS at 13 trial centers in England , Wales and Northern Ireland . with the appointment letter for their annual scan , a random sample of 150 women per center was sent a detailed 48-item postal questionnaire regarding the screening experience . included a specific question about pain using a score of 0-5 , where 5 was severe pain and 3 was discomfort . assess factors that might affect a woman 's reported pain experience , the pain score was regressed on age , hormone replacement therapy use , body mass index , a history of hysterectomy , prolonged scanning time , ovarian visualization , scan result , sonographer 's visualization rates and opinion of the women regarding the sonographer who performed the scan . 7 July and 9 September 2009 , 1950 randomly chosen women ( 150 per regional center ) were sent the questionnaire . the 800 ( 41.0 % ) who returned the questionnaire , 651 could be linked to their TVS appointment . and fifty-two ( 23.3 % ) women reported pain/discomfort ( score 3-5 ) during TVS and 473 ( 72.7 % ) reported no discomfort ( score 0-2 ) . 23 ( 3.5 % ) women reported experiencing moderate/severe pain . discomfort/pain was independently associated with a history of hysterectomy and participant 's reporting of prolonged scan time . who experienced pain on TVS were less compliant ( odds ratio = 0.87 ) with the following year 's scan compared with those who did not experience pain . majority of postmenopausal women found TVS acceptable . influenced compliance and correlated with women 's perception of increased scanning time and previous hysterectomy ."
3709,Abstract #3709,"compare the efficacy and safety of applications of GlideScope video laryngoscope ( GSVL ) and Macintosh direct laryngoscope ( MDLS ) during endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia of abdominal snoring surgeries . patients ranged from American Society of Anesthesiologists I to II scheduled for snoring surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were randomly divided into GSVL group and MDLS group ( 20 cases in each group ) , After traditional induction , endotracheal intubation ( ETT ) performed by GSVL or MDLS . exposure , the time of endotracheal intubation ( from mask ventilation ending to successful intubation ) , the times of tracheal intubation operation were recorded in both groups . mean artery pressure ( MAP ) , heart rate ( HR ) were monitored before induction ( basic value T0 ) , before tracheal intubation ( T1 ) , after tracheal intubation ( T2 ) , 1 min after tracheal intubation ( T3 ) , 3 mins after tracheal intubation ( T4 ) . glottic exposure of GSVL group is superior to that of MDLS group . was no significant difference in the time of tracheal intubation between MDLS group ( 27 + / - 11 ) s and GSVL group ( 26 + / - 11 ) s ( P < 0.05 ) . with T0 , MAP of T1 was lower in two groups ( P < 0.05 ) , while HR were similar both in two groups ( P > 0.05 ) . of T2 and T3 increased and HR became faster ( P < 0.05 ) . of T4 declined , but HR still increased ( P < 0.05 ) . the two groups , there was no significant difference of MAP or HR ( P > 0.05 ) . with MDLS , the GSVL is of benefit to improve the glottic exposure in endotracheal intubation to the snoring patients , so as to improve the success rate of tracheal intubation . there is no obvious advantages via GSVL in preventing hemodynamic reaction during tracheal intubation ."
3710,Abstract #3710,"patients with acute myocardial infarction have much to gain from reperfusion with thrombolytic therapy but are also at increased risk of adverse events . examined outcomes according to age of patients receiving thrombolysis in an international trial . were randomized to streptokinase plus subcutaneous heparin , streptokinase plus intravenous heparin , accelerated tissue plasminogen activator ( TPA ) plus intravenous heparin , or streptokinase and TPA plus intravenous heparin . outcomes at 30 days ( death , stroke , and nonfatal , disabling stroke ) and 1-year mortality were summarized descriptively for patients aged < 65 ( n = 24,708 ) , 65 to 74 ( n = 11,201 ) , 75 to 85 ( n = 4625 ) , and > 85 years ( n = 412 ) and assessed as continuous functions of age . patients had a higher-risk profile with regard to baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics . at 30 days increased markedly with age ( 3.0 % , 9.5 % , 19.6 % , and 30.3 % in the four groups , respectively ) , as did stroke , cardiogenic shock , bleeding , and reinfarction . death or disabling stroke occurred less often with accelerated TPA in all but the oldest patients , who showed a weak trend toward a lower incidence with streptokinase plus subcutaneous heparin : odds ratio 1.13 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.6 , 2.1 . , accelerated TPA treatment resulted in lower 1-year mortality in all but the oldest patients ( 47 % TPA versus 40.3 % streptokinase ) . mortality and greater net clinical benefit were seen with accelerated TPA in patients aged < or = 85 years . data are limited for patients aged > 85 years , the relative superiority of a given thrombolytic regimen can not be determined . interactions of stroke and mortality with newer thrombolytic strategies must be examined explicitly in older patients ."
3711,Abstract #3711,"additional effect of anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) reconstruction on muscle strength and physical performance after a structured exercise programme is not well understood . investigate and compare muscle strength and physical performance test results after a structured exercise programme , in young active adults with acute ACL injury , between those treated with and without ACL reconstruction ( ACLR ) and to evaluate these test results as predictors of clinical outcomes 2 and 5 years after injury . cohort study . a treatment randomised controlled trial of acute ACL injury ( the KANON-study ) , 87/121 young active adults underwent two muscle strength tests and five physical performance tests after a structured exercise programme ( median 37 ( IQR 24 ) weeks after injury ) . were presented and compared as limb symmetry indices ( LSI ) ; endpoints in predictive analyses were having a delayed ACLR over the first 5 years and self-reported knee function ( Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score ; KOOS4 ) at 2 and 5 years . , 74-95 % of patients had LSI90 % in the individual tests , with no difference between treatment groups ( p = 0.08-0 .92 ) . of the one-leg rise tests predicted KOOS at 2 and 5 years ( R = 0.25 and 0.24 , p = 0.001 and 0.002 ) and vertical hop results predicted having a delayed ACLR over a 5-year course after injury ( p = 0.048 ) in those starting with exercise alone ( n = 21 ) . an acute ACL tear , the majority of young active adults regain physical performance and muscle strength after a structured exercise programme , with or without surgical reconstruction . physical performance at the end of rehabilitation predicted worse patient-reported outcomes at 2 and 5 years regardless of treatment . ."
3712,Abstract #3712,"achieve cost-effective health care in adults , once-daily aminoglycosides administration has been used and judged to be safe and efficacious . similar strategy in children requires the characterization of pharmacokinetic parameters and the development of a therapeutic monitoring protocol for this antibiotic regimen . prospective , controlled , randomized ( 2:1 ) study was undertaken in 50 pediatric patients between June 1995 and September 1997 . between 6 months and 18 years who required gentamicin therapy based on independent clinical assessment were eligible if they had normal renal function , no aminoglycoside allergies , were not neutropenic , or did not have cystic fibrosis . included a peak , 4-hour , 8-hour , and trough gentamicin levels to determine volume of distribution ( Vd ) and elimination constant ( Ke ) . and nephrotoxicity were monitored by pre - and postaudiology examinations and serial calculated creatinine clearance determinations , respectively . patients received 7.5 mg/kg every 24 hours , and 17 patients received 2.5 mg/kg every 8 hours . frequent indications for treatment were ruptured appendicitis ( n = 19 ) followed by wound infections caused by trauma ( n = 4 ) , but the spectrum of treatment was broad including enteric , genitourinary , central nervous system , biliary , ophthalmologic , and orthopedic infections . data indicated that 24-hour dosing resulted in higher peak levels compared with 8-hour dosing ( 20.4 + / - 45.4 v 7.2 + / - 6.2 mg/L , P < .0001 ) and lower trough levels ( 0.29 + / - .02 v 0.69 + / - 0.13 , P < .0001 ) , whereas rate of elimination constant and volume of distribution were not significantly different . nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity has been noted in either group . data confirm that once-daily dosing of gentamicin is a safe method of treatment that provides equivalent pharmacokinetics compared with traditional dosing and enhances bactericidal effect based on higher peak levels , avoids toxicity , and allows cost savings ."
3713,Abstract #3713,"randomized prospective studies suggested that ischemic preconditioning ( IP ) protects the human liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy performed under continuous clamping of the portal triad . primary goal of this study was to determine whether IP protects the human liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy under continuous vascular exclusion with preservation of the caval flow . patients were randomly divided into two groups : with ( n = 30 ; preconditioning group ) and without ( n = 30 ; control group ) IP ( 10 minutes of portal triad clamping and 10 minutes of reperfusion ) before major hepatectomy under vascular exclusion of the liver preserving the caval flow . concentrations of aspartate transferase , alanine transferase , glutathione-S-transferase , and bilirubin and prothrombin time were regularly determined until discharge and at 1 month . and mortality were determined in both groups . postoperative concentrations of aspartate transferase were similar in the groups with and without IP ( 851 + / - 1,733 IU/L and 427 + / - 166 IU/L respectively , p = 0.2 ) . similar trend toward a higher peak concentration of alanine transferase and glutathione-S-transferase was indeed observed in the preconditioning group compared with the control group . and mortality rates and lengths of ICU and hospitalization stays were similar in both groups . does not improve liver tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion after hepatectomy under vascular exclusion of the liver with preservation of the caval flow . maneuver does not improve postoperative liver function and does not affect morbidity or mortality rates . clinical use of IP through 10 minutes of warm ischemia in this technique of hepatectomy is not currently recommended ."
3714,Abstract #3714,"BCG vaccination is standard practice in many countries for prevention of tuberculosis and leprosy , but its effectiveness has not been evaluated . addition of Mycobacterium leprae antigens to BCG might improve its effectiveness against leprosy . double-blind , randomised , controlled trial to evaluate both these procedures was carried out in Karonga District , northern Malawi , where a single BCG vaccine administered by routine health services had previously been found to afford greater than 50 % protection against leprosy , but no protection against tuberculosis . 1986 and 1989 , individuals lacking a BCG scar were randomly assigned BCG alone ( 27,904 ) or BCG plus killed M leprae ( 38,251 ) . with a BCG scar were randomly allocated placebo ( 23,307 ) , a second BCG ( 23,456 ) , or BCG plus killed M leprae ( 8102 ) . cases of leprosy and tuberculosis were ascertained over the subsequent 5-9 years . cases of leprosy were identified by May , 1995 ; 93 of these were diagnostically certain , definitely postvaccination cases . scar-positive individuals , a second BCG vaccination gave further protection against leprosy ( about 50 % ) over a first BCG vaccination . rate ratio for all diagnostically certain , definitely postvaccination cases , all ages , was 0.51 ( 95 % CI 0.25-1 .03 , p = 0.05 ) for BCG versus placebo . benefit was apparent in all subgroups , although the greatest effect was among individuals vaccinated below 15 years of age ( RR = 0.40 [ 95 % CI 0.15-1 .01 ] , p = 0.05 ) . addition of killed M leprae did not improve the protection afforded by a primary BCG vaccination . rate ratio for BCG plus killed M leprae versus BCG alone among scar-negative individuals was 1.06 ( 0.62-1 .82 , p = 0.82 ) for all ages , though 0.37 ( 0.11-1 .24 , p = 0.09 ) for individuals vaccinated below 15 years of age . cases of postvaccination pulmonary tuberculosis and 31 of glandular tuberculosis were ascertained by May , 1995 . rate of diagnostically certain tuberculosis was higher among scar-positive individuals who had received a second BCG ( 1.43 [ 0.88-2 .35 ] , p = 0.15 ) than among those who had received placebo and there was no evidence that any of the trial vaccines contributed to protection against pulmonary tuberculosis . a population in which a single BCG vaccination affords 50 % or more protection against leprosy , but none against tuberculosis , a second vaccination can add appreciably to the protection against leprosy , without providing any protection against tuberculosis ."
3715,Abstract #3715,"effects of exposure to two types of cessation advertisements on changes in cessation-related outcomes . data from a nationally representative , longitudinal sample of smokers , collected in three waves over 4 weeks . . . thousand and two adult U.S. smokers aged 18 + completed baseline and follow-up interviews at 2 and 4 weeks , from December 2010 to February 2011 . randomly assigned conditions consisting of repeated exposure to cessation advertisements : why-to-quit advertisements featuring emotional , personal testimonies ( 1 : WTQ-T ) or graphic images ( 2 : WTQ-G ) ; how-to-quit advertisements ( 3 : HTQ ) , a combination of both ( 4 : WTQ-T + HTQ ; 5 : WTQ-G + HTQ ) , and no-ad condition ( 6 : control ) . beliefs , attitudes , intentions , and quitting behavior . ordinary least squares and logistic regressions testing whether exposure to antitobacco television advertisements were associated with changes in tobacco-related outcomes . to WTQ-T or WTQ-G advertisements , both alone and combined with HTQ advertisements , elicited positive change in beliefs , attitudes , and intentions as compared to controls . in three of four WTQ conditions were substantially more likely to have quit smoking at 4 weeks than controls ( odds ratios range from 5.9 to 10.1 , p < .05 or better ) . effects were found for the HTQ-only condition . to WTQ advertisements markedly increases the odds that a smoker will quit in the study period , suggesting positive movement toward successful , long-term cessation . advertisements did not enhance advertising effectiveness and may not be suitable as a primary message strategy ."
3716,Abstract #3716,"evaluate the effect of a visual field test educational video on the reliability of the first automated visual field test of new patients . prospective , randomised , controlled trial of an educational video on visual field test reliability of patients referred to the hospital eye service for suspected glaucoma was undertaken . were randomised to either watch an educational video or a control group with no video . video group was shown a 4.5 minute audiovisual presentation to familiarize them with the various aspects of visual field examination with particular emphasis on sources of unreliability . was determined using standard criteria of fixation loss rate less than 20 % , false positive responses less than 33 % , and false negative responses less than 33 % . patients were recruited ; 112 in the video group and 132 in the control group with no significant between group difference in age , sex , and density of field defects . significant improvement in reliability ( p = 0.015 ) was observed in the group exposed to the video with 85 ( 75.9 % ) patients having reliable results compared to 81 ( 61.4 % ) in the control group . difference was not significant for the right ( first tested ) eye with 93 ( 83.0 % ) of the visual fields reliable in the video group compared to 106 ( 80.0 % ) in the control group ( p = 0.583 ) , but was significant for the left ( second tested ) eye with 97 ( 86.6 % ) of the video group reliable versus 97 ( 73.5 % ) of the control group ( p = 0.011 ) . use of a brief , audiovisual patient information guide on taking the visual field test produced an improvement in patient reliability for individuals tested for the first time . this trial the use of the video had most of its impact by reducing the number of unreliable fields from the second tested eye ."
3717,Abstract #3717,", S/AS01 ( E ) is the lead candidate pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine . Phase IIb field trials the safety profile was acceptable and the efficacy was 53 % ( 95 % CI 31 % -72 % ) for protecting children against clinical malaria caused by P. falciparum . studied CS-specific T cell responses in order to identify correlates of protection . used intracellular cytokine staining ( for IL2 , IFN , and TNF ) , ex-vivo ELISPOTs ( IFN and IL2 ) and IFN cultured ELISPOT assays to characterize the CS-specific cellular responses in 407 children ( 5-17 months of age ) in a phase IIb randomized controlled trial of RTS , S/AS01 ( E ) ( NCT00380393 ) . , S / AS01 ( E ) vaccinees had higher frequencies of CS-specific CD4 + T cells producing IFN , TNF or IL2 compared to control vaccinees . a multivariable analysis TNF ( + ) CD4 ( + ) T cells were independently associated with a reduced risk for clinical malaria among RTS , S/AS01 ( E ) vaccinees ( HR = 0.64 , 95 % CI 0.49-0 .86 , p = 0.002 ) . was a non-significant tendency towards reduced risk among control vaccinees ( HR = 0.80 , 95 % CI 0.62-1 .03 , p = 0.084 ) , albeit with lower CS-specific T cell frequencies and higher rates of clinical malaria . data from both RTS , S/AS01 ( E ) vaccinees and control vaccinees were combined ( with adjusting for vaccination group ) , the HR was 0.74 ( 95 % CI 0.62-0 .89 , p = 0.001 ) . a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons ( n-18 ) , the finding was still significant at p = 0.018 . was no significant correlation between cultured or ex vivo ELISPOT data and protection from clinical malaria . combination of TNF ( + ) CD4 ( + ) T cells and anti-CS antibody statistically accounted for the protective effect of vaccination in a Cox regression model . , S/AS01 ( E ) induces CS-specific Th1 T cell responses in young children living in a malaria endemic area . combination of anti-CS antibody concentrations titers and CS-specific TNF ( + ) CD4 ( + ) T cells could account for the level of protection conferred by RTS , S/AS01 ( E ) . correlation between CS-specific TNF ( + ) CD4 ( + ) T cells and protection needs confirmation in other datasets ."
3718,Abstract #3718,"bilateral subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) deep brain stimulation ( DBS ) is a promising treatment in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) . the crossover , randomized , and double-blind procedure adopted by the STOC study , 10 patients treated with high-frequency bilateral STN DBS underwent am 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( PET ) investigation to highlight the neural substratum of this therapeutic approach . median Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale ( Y-BOCS ) scores for all 10 patients were 31 ( minimum = 18 , maximum = 36 ) with `` Off-Stimulation '' status and 19 ( minimum = 0 , maximum = 30 ) with `` On-Stimulation '' status ( p = .05 ) . OCD patients in Off-Stimulation status showed a hypermetabolism in the right frontal middle and superior gyri , right parietal lobe , postcentral gyrus , and bilateral putamen compared with healthy control subjects . significant decrease in cerebral metabolism was observed in the left cingulate gyrus and the left frontal medial gyrus in On-Stimulation conditions compared with Off-Stimulation conditions . addition , the improvement assessed by Y-BOCS scores during the On-Stimulation conditions was positively correlated with PET signal changes at the boundary of the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex , between PET signal changes and the Y-BOCS scores modifications in On-Stimulation status . study suggests that the therapeutic effect of STN DBS is related to a decrease in prefrontal cortex metabolism ."
3719,Abstract #3719,"the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in youth remain the subject of debate . the Treatment of Early Age Mania ( TEAM ) study , risperidone was more effective than lithium or divalproex in children diagnosed with bipolar mania and highly comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . searched for treatment moderators and predictors of outcome . was a multi-site , 8-week , randomized clinical trial of risperidone , lithium , or divalproex in 279 medication-nave patients , aged 6 through 15 years , with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder currently in manic or mixed phase . measures included binary end-of-treatment responder status and change in the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia ( K-SADS ) Mania Rating Scale ( KMRS ) . demographics and clinical characteristics were tested as modifiers of treatment effect and as overall predictors of outcome . effects were detected for site , ADHD , and obesity . sites , the response ratio ( RR ) for risperidone versus lithium ranged from 1.2 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 0.8-1 .7 ) to 8.3 ( 95 % CI = 1.1-60 .8 ) , and for risperidone versus divalproex from 1.3 ( 95 % CI = 0.8-2 .2 ) to 10.5 ( 95 % CI = 1.4-77 .7 ) . RR for risperidone versus lithium was 2.1 for patients with ADHD , but 1.0 for those without ADHD , and 2.3 ( 95 % CI = 1.6-3 .3 ) for nonobese patients , but 1.1 ( 95 % CI = 0.6-2 .0 ) for obese ones . age and less severe ADHD symptoms were associated with greater improvement on the KMRS . was more effective than lithium or divalproex across the demographics and clinical characteristics of the sample , but the magnitude of its effect was influenced by site-related characteristics and presence of ADHD . trial registration information -- Treatment of Early Age Mania ; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00057681 ."
3720,Abstract #3720,"incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) is rapidly increasing worldwide . from large-scale studies show that tight blood glucose ( BG ) control improves the outcome of patients with type 2 DM . trial assessed the short-term efficacy and tolerability of adding a thiazolidinedione ( rosiglitazone [ ROS ] ) to existing sulfonylurea ( SU ) therapy ( glibenclamide ) compared with switching to combination treatment with a premixed insulin ( biphasic insulin aspart 30 [ BIAsp 30 ] , a rapid-acting insulin analog ) and the thiazolidinedione in a select group of patients with type 2 DM whose metabolic control was inadequate with SU monotherapy . this 6-week , multicenter , open-label , parallel-group trial , patients with type 2 DM whose BG level was not adequately controlled with glibenclamide monotherapy ( glycosylated hemoglobin [ HbA1c ] 8 % -13 % ) were randomized either to replace glibenclamide with BIAsp 30 ( individually titrated dosages starting with 6-8 U BID ) plus rosiglitazone ( 4 mg once daily ) ( BIAsp 30 + ROS group ) or to add rosiglitazone ( 4 mg once daily ) to their pretrial doses of glibenclamide ( GLIB + ROS group ) . measured their BG levels immediately before each of the 3 main meals , 90 minutes after the start of each meal , and at bedtime , and mean BG levels were calculated at weeks 0 ( baseline ) , 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and at 2-week follow-up ( week 8 ) . primary end point was change in mean daily BG level during treatment . end points included preprandial , postprandial , and bedtime BG levels , serum fructosamine level HbA , and fasting BG level , which were measured at each study visit . was assessed using hematologic and biochemical parameters , vital signs , and physical examination . patients ( 32 men , 17 women ; mean [ SD ] age , 59.1 [ 8.9 ] years ; mean [ SD ] body mass index , 27.7 [ 3.7 ] kg/m2 ) participated in the study . significant difference was found between treatments in the change in mean daily BG level from baseline to week 6 ( P = 0.01 ) . the 6-week treatment period , change in mean serum fructosamine level was significantly greater for BIAsp 30 + ROS compared with GLIB + ROS ( P = 0.02 ) . decreased in both treatment groups from baseline to study end , but the difference between groups was nonsignificant . changes in fasting BG from baseline to study end also were nonsignificant between groups . combinations were well tolerated . short-term study in patients with type 2 DM whose BG level was poorly controlled with glibenclamide monotherapy suggests that switching to a combination of BIAsp 30 + ROS was efficacious and well tolerated and provided an alternative to adding rosiglitazone to existing glibenclamide treatment . study also suggests that BIAsp 30 may be associated with greater improvements in short-term metabolic control ."
3721,Abstract #3721,"the transient nature of exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity , it has been speculated that daily exercise is preferred to maximize the benefits of exercise for glycemic control . current study investigates the impact of daily exercise versus exercise performed every other day on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . type 2 diabetic patients ( age 60 1 years , BMI 30.4 0.7 kg/m ( 2 ) , and HbA ( 1c ) 7.2 0.2 % ) participated in a randomized crossover experiment . were studied on three occasions for 3 days under strict dietary standardization but otherwise free-living conditions . glucose homeostasis was assessed by continuous glucose monitoring over 48 h during which subjects performed no exercise ( control ) or 60 min of cycling exercise ( 50 % maximal workload capacity ) distributed either as a single session performed every other day or as 30 min of exercise performed daily . prevalence of hyperglycemia ( blood glucose > 10 mmol/L ) was reduced from 7:40 1:00 h : min per day ( 32 4 % of the time ) to 5:46 0:58 and 5:51 0:47 h : min per day , representing 24 4 and 24 3 % of the time , when exercise was performed either daily or every other day , respectively ( P < 0.001 for both treatments ) . differences were observed between the impact of daily exercise and exercise performed every other day . short 30-min session of moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise substantially reduces the prevalence of hyperglycemia throughout the subsequent day in type 2 diabetic patients . total work is being matched , daily exercise does not further improve daily glycemia compared with exercise performed every other day ."
3722,Abstract #3722,"determine the efficacy of topically applied sucralfate suspension in the treatment of oral and genital ulceration of Behet disease . randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind study at a university referral center . patients with Behcet disease were included in the study . were given topical sucralfate or placebo 4 times a day for 3 months and examined clinically at biweekly intervals . each lesion , the mean frequency , healing time , and pain were evaluated during the pretreatment , treatment , and follow-up periods . patients were given any concurrent disease-specific or immunosuppressive topical and systemic drugs during the 9-month study period . the 40 patients included in the study , the results in 30 patients ( 16 patients treated with sucralfate and 14 patients treated with placebo , ranging in age from 16 to 52 years [ mean + / - SD age , 34.3 + / -8.1 years ] ) were evaluable for efficacy . with sucralfate decreased significantly the mean frequency , healing time , and pain of oral ulceration and healing time and pain of genital ulceration compared with the pretreatment period . effectiveness of sucralfate on the frequency and healing time of oral ulceration continued during the post-treatment period . the placebo group , no significant difference was found in measured parameters of oral and genital ulceration except the pain of the oral ulceration between the pretreatment and treatment periods . results showed that topical sucralfate suspension is an easy , safe , inexpensive , and effective treatment for oral and genital ulceration in patients with Behet disease ."
3723,Abstract #3723,"among older people are associated with injury , functional decline , fear of falling , and depression . study aims to evaluate the effect of multifactorial fall prevention on function , fear of falling , health-related quality of life and psychological well-being . older people > or = 65 years sustaining a fall , leading to treatment in the emergency room or hospitalization , were included in a randomized , controlled intervention study on multifactorial fall prevention . intervention consisted of systematic assessment and personalized treatment aimed at reducing risk factors for falls , and was performed at the geriatric outpatient department of a university hospital . control group received usual care . measures were functional ability ( Barthel Index and Frenchay Activity Index ) , fear of falling ( Activities Balance Confidence Scale ) , health-related quality of life ( SF - 36 ) , and psychological well-being ( SCL-92 ) , and were recorded at interviews 6 and 12 months after inclusion . the physical function of SF-36 was slightly positively affected by the intervention ( p = 0.04 ) . were no effects on general health ( p = 0.49 ) or mental health ( p = 0.39 ) items , Barthel Index ( p = 0.10 ) , Frenchay Activity Index ( p = 0.71 ) , balance confidence ( p = 0.77 ) , anxiety ( p = 0.92 ) , depression ( p = 0.90 ) or somatization ( p = 0.13 ) . program of multifactorial fall prevention may have an effect on the physical function item of health-related quality of life in favor of the intervention group , but none on other measures of health-related quality of life , daily function , fear of falling or psychological well-being ."
3724,Abstract #3724,"studies suggest that administration of cytokines to mobilize stem cells and alter the postinfarction inflammatory cardiac milieu may enhance left ventricular function and survival . patients were randomized in a 2:1 double-blind fashion to granulocyte colony stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) ( at 5 escalating to 10 microg/kg per day subcutaneously for 5 days [ 6 patients in each group ] ) or matching placebo . safety and efficacy end points were rupture-free survival and recovery of left ventricular function , respectively . into the systemic circulation of precursor CD34 + and CD117 + stem cells at 30 days were also assessed . characteristics of the 3 groups were well matched . + / - SD creatine kinase-MB maximum was 349 ( 169 ) IU . averaged 30 + / - 6 , 21 + / - 11 , and 11 + / - 6 months in the 3 groups , respectively . cell mobilization increased by a factor of 5 to 7 in the G-CSF-treated patients . were no deaths or myocardial ruptures leading to tamponade through 30 days . and 30-day left ventricular ejection fraction in the placebo , 5-microg , and 10-microg dose groups were 33.7 % ( 1.6 ) and 41.7 % ( 8.2 ) , 36.8 % ( 7.5 ) and 41.3 % ( 10.3 ) , and 33.5 % ( 4.8 ) and 38.7 % ( 7.3 ) , respectively ( P = NS for all between-group comparisons ) . differences between the G-CSF and placebo groups were noted in any other measure of left ventricular systolic or diastolic function 30 days after infarction . demonstrated mobilization of precursor stem cells in a timely fashion , in this small , pilot-scale randomized trial involving patients with large myocardial infarction , we were unable to demonstrate improvement in left ventricular function at 30 days ."
3725,Abstract #3725,"is the most common major complication of endoscopic sinus surgery . absorbable or non-absorbable nasal packing can cause pain and blockage . powders or gels may prevent this problem . , when based on factors in the clotting cascade , they induce an inflammatory reaction and can cause post-operative synechiae . cellulose powder produces haemostasis without inducing synechiae formation , but has not been trialled for sinus surgery . randomised clinical trial was performed to compare cellulose powder to non-absorbable packing following sinus surgery . were 50 consecutive patients undergoing sinus surgery , 47 of whom completed the study . main outcome measures were post-operative bleeding , pain scores and synechiae formation . powder was effective at stopping bleeding , and was associated with less pain than nasal packing , with no evidence of increased synechiae formation . powder appears to be a good haemostatic agent following sinus surgery . larger trial would allow more accurate quantification of its effectiveness ."
3726,Abstract #3726,"number of circulating blood monocytes impacts atherosclerotic lesion size , and in mouse models , elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol suppress blood monocyte counts and atherosclerosis . hypothesized that individuals with mild renal dysfunction at increased cardiovascular risk would have reduced high-density lipoprotein levels , high blood monocyte counts , and accelerated atherosclerosis . test whether mild renal dysfunction is associated with an increase in a leukocyte subpopulation rich in monocytes that has a known association with future coronary events , we divided individuals from the Malm Diet and Cancer study ( MDC ) into baseline cystatin C quintiles ( n = 4757 ) . levels of renal function were accompanied by higher monocyte counts , and monocytes were independently associated with carotid bulb intima-media thickness cross-sectionally ( P = 0.02 ) . C levels were positively and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels negatively associated with monocyte counts at baseline , after adjustment for traditional risk factors . amino acid metabolites tied to low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin resistance measured in a subset of individuals ( n = 752 ) by use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were independently associated with a 22 % to 34 % increased risk of being in the top quartile of monocytes ( P < 0.05 ) . low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , insulin resistance phenotype occurs in subjects with mild renal dysfunction and is associated with elevated monocytes and atherosclerosis . blood monocyte counts may represent a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying the strong relationship between cystatin C and cardiovascular risk ."
3727,Abstract #3727,"compare the relative gentleness of a silicone tape to a paper tape in healthy infants and children . randomized , grader-blinded , comparative study . sample group comprised 24 healthy infants and children 9.1 to 46.7 months of age ( mean SEM , 34.0 2.21 ) . study was conducted at a dermatological research facility ( cyberDERM , Inc ) located in Broomall , Pennsylvania . volunteers were recruited from the surrounding community . measuring 1 1.5 inches were randomly applied to the left and right intrascapular regions of the upper back . were removed in a standardized fashion after 24 hours . primary study outcome , gentleness , was based on visual assessments of skin damage , discomfort , and quantification of keratin removal . scales were used to assess skin damage , and a 10-point Faces , Legs , Activity , Cry , and Consolability instrument was used to assess discomfort . assessments included hair removal , tape edge-lift assessments , and parent preference for either tape . was a significantly lower mean SEM erythema response for the silicone tape ( 0.93 0.14 vs 1.35 0.11 , P = .0129 ) than for the paper tape . measurable epidermal stripping occurred with the silicone tape compared to a mean SEM response of 0.29 0.11 for the paper tape ( P = .0039 ) . was significantly lower ( P = .0002 ) for the silicone tape as compared to the paper tape ( Faces , Legs , Activity , Cry , and Consolability score mean difference from baseline 0.5 vs 3.3 , P = .0002 ) . removal was significantly less with the silicone as compared to paper tape ( 8.7 0.5 g/mL vs 15.2 1.3 g/mL , P < .0001 ) . hairs were removed with either tape . was significantly less ( P < .0001 ) edge-lift with the paper tape than the silicone tape ; no statistically significant differences in parent preferences for silicone versus paper tapes were measured ( P = .3359 ) . assessments favored the silicone tape compared to a paper tape and warrant further clinical investigation in the neonatal intensive care unit ."
3728,Abstract #3728,"submucous fibrosis ( OSMF ) is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa , mainly associated with the practice of chewing gutka and betel quid . pathogenesis is obscure , and till date , no definitive therapy is available for the management of OSMF . , this preliminary study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Aloe vera with antioxidants in the treatment for OSMF . study subjects with OSMF were included in the study . were divided into two groups . were 10 patients in each group ; group A subjects received 5 mg of aloe vera gel to be applied topically three times daily for 3 months and group B subjects received antioxidant capsules twice daily for 3 months . results were analyzed with paired ` t ' test and unpaired ` t ' test . vera responded better in all the parameters assessed and responded in all the clinicohistopathological stages particularly in those with mild-stage clinically and early-stage histopathologically . vera showed a statistically significant reduction in burning sensation ( P = 0.008 ) , improvement in mouth opening ( P = 0.02 ) , and cheek flexibility ( P = 0.01 ) on comparing with the antioxidant group . assessment of the parameters depicted that Aloe vera group showed a better treatment response compared to the antioxidants group . reduces the burning sensation and improves mouth opening thereby enhanced the patients ' compliance . proves to be a relatively safe , can be applied topically , easily available , economical , noninvasive , and efficacious in the treatment for OSMF ."
3729,Abstract #3729,"of the prevalence and expense of congestive heart failure ( CHF ) , significant efforts have been made to develop disease management ( DM ) programs that will improve clinical and financial outcomes . effectiveness of such programs in a large , heterogeneous population of CHF patients remains unknown . randomized 1069 patients ( aged 70.9 + / -10.3 years ) with systolic ( ejection fraction 35 + / -9 % ) or echocardiographically confirmed diastolic heart failure ( HF ) to assess telephonic DM over an 18-month period . were collected at baseline and at 6-month intervals . analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods . utilization was defined after extensive record review , with an attempt to account for all inpatient and outpatient visits , medications , and diagnostic tests . obtained data on 92 % of the patients , from nearly 53,000 health-related encounters . cost per patient was defined by adding estimated costs for the observed encounters , excluding the cost of the DM . analysis showed that DM patients had a reduced mortality rate ( P = 0.037 ) , with DM patients surviving an average of 76 days longer than controls . analysis showed that DM had beneficial outcomes in patients with systolic HF ( hazard ratio 0.62 ; P = 0.040 ) , which was more pronounced in NYHA classes III and IV . improvements in NYHA class were more likely with DM ( P < 0.001 ) , 6-minute walk data from 217 patients in whom data were available at each visit showed no significant benefit from DM ( P = 0.08 ) . and CHF-related healthcare utilization , including medications , office or emergency department visits , procedures , or hospitalizations , was not decreased by DM . ANOVA for cost by group showed no significant differences , even in the higher NYHA class groups . in DM resulted in a significant survival benefit , most notably in symptomatic systolic HF patients . DM was associated with improved NYHA class , 6-minute walk test results did not improve . utilization was not reduced by DM , and it conferred no cost savings . in HF results in improved life expectancy but does not improve objective measures of functional capacity and does not reduce cost ."
3730,Abstract #3730,"compare the pharmacokinetics and site of uptake of budesonide from a controlled-release formulation and a deuterium-labelled standard formulation given before and after a meal . healthy volunteers were randomized into an open , crossover study . received 4.5 mg controlled-release budesonide ( mixed with In pellets to trace gastrointestinal transit ) and 4.8 mg 2H8-budesonide simultaneously at each of two visits : one visit before a standardized breakfast and the other after breakfast . concentrations of budesonide were followed over 24 h. transit of the ( 111 ) In pellets through the gastrointestinal tract was followed for 36 h. Data on the site of absorption were calculated from transit times and absorption curves . time to peak plasma concentration was significantly increased with controlled-release budesonide when compared with the deuterium-labelled standard formulation ( before breakfast , 4.5 h vs 1.8 h ; after breakfast , 5.2 h vs 2.9 h ) . given after breakfast , the controlled-release formulation was associated with a mean residence time 1.6 h longer than that seen with the standard formulation . , the areas under the plasma concentration curves were similar with the two formulations , regardless of when the treatments were given ( before breakfast , 18.0 + / - 3.8 nmol/l vs 18.0 + / - 6.0 nmol/l ; after breakfast , 16.9 + / - 7.0 nmol/l vs 18.5 + / - 9.0 nmol/l ) . 60 % of the total budesonide absorbed from controlled-release capsules was delivered and absorbed in the ileum and colon . corresponding proportion for the standard formulation was approximately 33 % . budesonide effectively delivers most of the budesonide dose to the ileum and colon , the regions that are most often affected by inflammatory bowel disease . addition , the time of food intake has little effect on the site of absorption or the bioavailability of the controlled-release formulation . to the colon and ileum was independent of whether the drug was given before or after breakfast ."
3731,Abstract #3731,"studies have demonstrated a modulating role for serotonin in attention . serotonin inhibitors have repeatedly been shown to impair performance in sustained attention tasks . assess the contribution of serotonin reuptake inhibition and specific blockade of the pre-synaptic 5-HT ( 1a ) receptor and the 5-HT ( 2a ) receptor to deficits in attention . study was conducted according to a randomized , double-blind , placebo controlled , four-way crossover design including 16 healthy volunteers . consisted of oral administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) escitalopram 20 mg + placebo ; escitalopram 20 mg + ketanserin ( 5-HT ( 2a ) antagonist ) , 50 mg ; escitalopram 20 mg + pindolol ( 5-HT ( 1a ) antagonist ) 10 mg ; and placebo + placebo on four separate days . range of performance tasks were conducted to assess the subjects ' attention and motor functions . administered alone impaired tracking performance in a divided attention task . combination of escitalopram and pindolol and escitalopram and ketanserin impaired divided attention as compared to placebo . addition , escitalopram and ketanserin impaired sustained attention . attention impairment observed after combined treatments did not significantly differ from impairments after escitalopram alone . attention impairment observed after combined escitalopram and ketanserin significantly differed from escitalopram alone . ( 1a ) blockade hardly affected SSRI effects on attention . 5HT ( 2a ) blockade , however , produced impairments of sustained attention and motor impulse control ."
3732,Abstract #3732,"with congenital hemiplegia often present with limitations in using their impaired upper limb which impacts on independence in activities of daily living , societal participation and quality of life . therapy has adopted a bimanual training approach ( BIM ) and more recently , modified constraint induced movement therapy ( mCIMT ) has emerged as a promising unimanual approach . of enhanced neuroplasticity following mCIMT suggests that the sequential application of mCIMT followed by bimanual training may optimise outcomes ( Hybrid CIMT ) . remains unclear whether more intensely delivered group based interventions ( hCIMT ) are superior to distributed models of individualised therapy . study aims to determine the optimal density of upper limb training for children with congenital hemiplegia . total of 50 children ( 25 in each group ) with congenital hemiplegia will be recruited to participate in this randomized comparison trial . will be matched in pairs at baseline and randomly allocated to receive an intensive block group hybrid model of combined mCIMT followed by intensive bimanual training delivered in a day camp model ( COMBiT ; total dose 45 hours direct , 10 hours of indirect therapy ) , or a distributed model of standard occupational therapy and physiotherapy care ( SC ) over 12 weeks ( total 45 hours direct and indirect therapy ) . will be assessed at 13 weeks after commencement , and retention of effects tested at 26 weeks . primary outcomes will be bimanual coordination and unimanual upper-limb capacity . outcomes will be participation and quality of life . brain imaging will assess neurovascular changes in response to treatment . will follow standard principles for RCTs , using two-group comparisons on all participants on an intention-to-treat basis . will be between treatment groups using generalized linear models . ."
3733,Abstract #3733,"receptor potential vanilloid type 1 ( TRPV1 ) is a non-selective cation channel widely expressed in skin tissues , and peripheral sensory nerve fibres . of TRPV1 releases neuropeptides ; the resulting neurogenic inflammation is believed to contribute to the development of pruritus . TRPV1 antagonist has the potential to perform as an anti-pruritic agent . is a TRPV1 antagonist that has demonstrated in vitro activity against cloned TRPV1 human receptors and when orally administered has demonstrated pharmacodynamic activity in animal models and clinical studies . select a topical dose of SB705498 using the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin ; to confirm engagement of the TRPV1 antagonistic action of SB705498 and assess whether the dose selected has an effect on itch induced by two challenge agents . clinical study was conducted in 16 healthy volunteers to assess the effects of 3 doses of SB705498 on skin flare induced by capsaicin . with a robust capsaicin response were chosen to determine if the selected topical formulation of SB705498 had an effect on challenge agent induced itch . capsaicin challenge the greatest average reduction in area of flare was seen for the 3 % formulation . dose was selected for further investigation . intensity induced by two challenge agents ( cowhage and histamine ) was assessed on the Computerised Visual Analogue Scale . difference in average itch intensity ( Weighted Mean Over 15 Mins ) between the 3 % dose of SB705498 and placebo for the cowhage challenge was -0.64 , whilst the histamine challenge showed on average a -4.65 point change . 3 % topical formulation of SB705498 cream was clinically well tolerated and had target specific pharmacodynamic activity . there were no clinically significant differences on pruritus induced by either challenge agent in comparison to placebo . is unlikely to be of symptomatic benefit for histaminergic or non-histaminergic induced itch . NCT01673529 ."
3734,Abstract #3734,"study evaluated whether increased intake of fish oils ( eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids ) might reduce the risk of coronary heart disease . and clinical studies have suggested that increased intake of fish oils , as reflected in plasma levels of fish oils , may reduce the risk of myocardial infarction . nested case-control study was conducted among the 14,916 participants in the Physicians ' Health Study with a sample of plasma before randomization . participant with myocardial infarction occurring during the first 5 years of follow-up was matched by smoking status and age with a randomly chosen control participant who had not developed coronary heart disease . levels of fish oils ( with 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] for paired differences and p values ) in case and control participants , expressed as percent of total fatty acids , were , for eicosapentaenoic acid , 0.26 versus 0.25 ( 95 % CI -0.03 to 0.05 , p = 0.70 ) in cholesterol esters and 0.56 versus 0.54 ( 95 % CI -0.04 to 0.09 , p = 0.44 ) in phospholipids , and for docosahexaenoic acid , 0.23 versus 0.24 ( 95 % CI -0.07 to 0.04 , p = 0.64 ) in cholesterol esters and 2.22 versus 2.14 ( 95 % CI -0.10 to 0.27 , p = 0.36 ) in phospholipids . adjusted for major cardiovascular risk factors showed a very similar lack of association between fish oil levels and the incidence of myocardial infarction . results indicate no beneficial effect of increased fish oil consumption on the incidence of a first myocardial infarction . , the effect of very high levels of fish oils could not be evaluated ."
3735,Abstract #3735,"compared the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of insulin aspart , biphasic insulin aspart 70 ( BIAsp70 ) and 50 ( BIAsp50 ) ( containing 70 % and 50 % rapid-acting insulin aspart , respectively ) , and soluble human insulin under experimental conditions . this randomized , four-period crossover study , 19 type 1 diabetes patients received subcutaneous injections of identical doses ( 0.2 U/kg ) of insulin aspart , BIAsp70 , or BIAsp50 immediately before a standardized meal or human insulin 30min before meal . glucose and serum insulin were measured for 12h postprandially . pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of human insulin differed from those of insulin aspart , BIAsp70 , and BIAsp50 . three different aspart preparations had easily distinguishable features with regard to onset and duration of action . aspart preparations were , on average , absorbed twice as fast as human insulin . the initial phases ( 0-4h and 0-6h ) , the insulin area under the concentration-time curve ( AUC ( ins ) ) was significantly higher during insulin aspart treatment compared with the others , whereas insulin aspart had a significantly lower AUC ( ins ) over the last 6h ( P < 0.05 ) . and BIAsp50 provided insulin coverage comparable to that of human insulin over the last 6h . aspart had the most pronounced onset of action and the shortest duration . with insulin aspart and BIAsp70 , BIAsp50 revealed a closer treatment ratio to human insulin on pharmacodynamic end points . and BIAsp50 injected immediately before a meal are at least as effective as human insulin injected 30min earlier in controlling postprandial glycemic excursions . showed the greatest similarity to human insulin with regard to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles ."
3736,Abstract #3736,"literature is replete with studies establishing Streptococcus mutans as a major player in the formation of pit and fissure caries in all dentitions . bacterial levels in turn are related to the number of colonized surfaces . , decreasing the salivary levels of S. mutans would have a great benefit in decreasing the incidence of dental diseases . in mind the potential antimicrobial effects of saturated saline and alum solutions , the present study was attempted to compare and evaluate the effects of saturated saline rinse and 0.02 M alum mouthrinse on salivary S. mutans levels in children . investigation was a double-blind , stratified comparison of three parallel groups of children who used either saturated saline rinse , 0.02 M alum mouthrinse or distilled water ( placebo ) rinse twice daily under professional supervision for a 21-day period . total of three saliva samples were taken from each individual - at baseline , on the 10 th day and on the 21 st day , and colony counts of S. mutans were determined . data were subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon 's Signed Ranks Sum and Mann-Whitney `` U '' test . using saturated saline rinse and alum rinse showed statistically significant reductions in salivary S. mutans counts after 10 days and also after 21 days . 21 days , the saturated saline rinse and alum rinse groups showed statistically significant differences over the placebo rinse group . , the alum rinse group showed a statistically significant difference over the saturated saline rinse group ."
3737,Abstract #3737,"subjects with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe CP were randomly distributed to groups receiving either NSPT or OHI . parameters , glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) were evaluated at baseline , 2 - and 3-months intervals . subjects with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe CP were randomly distributed to groups receiving either NSPT or OHI . parameters , glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) were evaluated at baseline , 2 - and 3-months intervals . subjects from NSPT group and 17 from OHI group completed the study . difference in plaque index ( PI ) between NSPT and OHI groups were significant at 2 months recall ( p = 0.013 ) . was no significant difference between NSPT and OHI group for all other clinical periodontal parameters , HbA1c and CRP levels . 3 months post-therapy , periodontal parameters improved significantly in both groups with sites with probing pocket depth ( PPD ) < 4 mm reported as 98 1.8 % in NSPT group and 92 14.9 % in OHI group . PPD and mean probing attachment loss ( PAL ) within the NSPT group reduced significantly from baseline ( 2.56 0.57 mm , 3.35 0.83 mm ) to final visit ( 1.94 0.26 mm , 2.92 0.72 mm ) ( p = 0.003 , p < 0.001 ) . OHI group , improvements in mean PPD and mean PAL were also seen from baseline ( 2.29 0.69 mm , 2.79 0.96 mm ) to final visit ( 2.09 0.72 mm , 2.62 0.97 mm ) ( p < 0.001 for both ) . , HbA1c levels decreased in both groups with NSPT group recording statistically significant reduction ( p = 0.038 ) . who demonstrated 50 % reduction in PPD showed significant reductions of HbA1c and hs-CRP levels ( p = 0.004 and p = 0.012 ) . significantly reduced PI at 2 months post-therapy as compared to OHI . NSPT and OHI demonstrated improvements in other clinical parameters as well as HbA1c and CRP levels . : NCT01951547 ."
3738,Abstract #3738,"aim of the study was to compare bone mineral density ( BMD ) before insertion and at 18 months of use of etonorgestrel - and levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants . hundred and eleven women , 19-43 years of age , were randomly allocated to two groups : 56 to etonorgestrel and 55 to levonorgestrel . was evaluated at the midshaft of the ulna and at the distal radius of the non-dominant forearm using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before insertion and at 18 months of use . was no difference in baseline demographic or anthropometric characteristics , or in BMD of users of either model of implant . was significantly lower at 18 months of use at the midshaft of the ulna in both groups of users . , no difference was found at the distal radius . linear regression analysis showed that the variables associated with BMD at 18 months of use in both implant groups were baseline BMD , body mass index ( BMI ) and difference in BMI ( 0 versus 18 months of use ) . of 19-43 years of age using either one of the implants showed lower BMD at 18 months of use at the midshaft of the ulna , however , without a difference at the distal radius ."
3739,Abstract #3739,"previous papers we proposed ways to improve the diagnostic potential of the `` quantitative cardiotocography '' computer method , which allowed us to introduce clinical practice guidelines . these guidelines we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of quantitative cardiotocography ( qCTG ) as compared to standard cardiotocography ( CTG ) and , if necessary fetal blood sampling ( FBS ) . prospective study involves 220 pregnant women divided randomly into two groups . 110 women in the control group were monitored by standard indirect cardiotocography Interpretation of CTG findings was performed according to the latest revision of FIGO classification . performed FBS in all cases of abnormal or suspect CTG tracings and pH values below 7.20 were indicative for urgent delivery . pH values were in the range between 7.20 and 7.25 , another FBS was carried out after 30 minutes . pH was above 7.25 , FBS was repeated according to CTG evaluation by the attending doctor . patients in the index group ( 110 women ) were monitored by indirect quantitative cardiotocography ( qCTG ) . clinical practice guidelines were used for the interpretation of CTG tracings . behavior was strictly based on the recommendations in these guidelines . measures are : incidence of metabolic acidosis ( defined by pH < 7.05 and BE > -12 mmol/l in the umbilical cord artery of the newborn ) , number of instrumental deliveries and sensitivity/specificity of each method ( qCTG and CTG + FBS ) in relation to fetal hypoxia ( defined by pH < 7.20 ) . the CTG group , 4.4 % of the newborns were affected by metabolic acidosisas opposed to 2.2 % in the qCTG group ( P > 0.05 ) . sensitivity/specificity rates for fetal hypoxia were 89/67 % ( control group ) and 97/85 % ( index group ) . number of operative deliveries was 27.25 % and 16.35 % , respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . incidence of metabolic acidosis was comparable in both groups . quantitative cardiotocography shows much better specificity for fetal hypoxia which results in significantly lower rates of operative deliveries compared to standard indirect cardiotocography combined with fetal blood sampling ."
3740,Abstract #3740,"dose ranging studies have investigated optimal dosing with inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma . compare the efficacy and tolerability of fluticasone propionate 100 or 200 microg twice daily in children with moderate to severe asthma for one year . year , randomised , double blind , parallel group , multicentre study . aged 4-11 years ( n = 528 ) with moderate to severe asthma who had previously received high dose inhaled corticosteroids were given fluticasone propionate 100 or 200 microg twice daily for the 52 week treatment period . ( exacerbations , lung function , and symptoms ) and tolerability ( adverse events and cortisol levels ) were measured . was a non-significant decreased risk of experiencing an exacerbation at any time with fluticasone propionate 200 microg twice daily compared with fluticasone propionate 100 microg twice daily . difference reached significance among patients with more severe asthma ( defined by previous inhaled corticosteroid dose > 800 microg/day ) . record card morning peak expiratory flow ( PEF ) in the total population improved significantly more with the higher dose of fluticasone propionate ( between group difference , weeks 1-52 : 11.4 l/min ) . visit mean PEF improved from baseline with both doses , but the response was significantly greater with the higher dose ( between group difference , week 52 : 17.8 l/min ) . doses were equally well tolerated and overnight urinary cortisol concentrations were unchanged or slightly increased during treatment with either dose . long term dose comparison study shows that treatment with fluticasone propionate 200 micro g twice daily may offer benefits over a lower dose , particularly in children with more severe asthma ."
3741,Abstract #3741,"experience suggests that reflexology may have beneficial effects on the symptoms occurring in menopausal women , particularly psychological symptoms . study aims to examine that effect rigorously . controlled trial with two parallel arms . of Complementary Health in Exeter , Devon , UK . women , aged between 45 and 60 years , reporting menopausal symptoms . were randomised to receive nine sessions of either reflexology or nonspecific foot massage ( control ) by four qualified reflexologists given over a period of 19 weeks . Women 's Health Questionnaire ( WHQ ) , the primary measures being the subscores for anxiety and depression . ( visual analogue scale , VAS ) and frequency of flushes and night sweats . ( SD ) scores for anxiety fell from 0.43 ( 0.29 ) to 0.22 ( 0.25 ) in the reflexology group and from 0.37 ( 0.27 ) to 0.27 ( 0.29 ) in the control group over the course of treatment . ( SD ) scores for depression fell from 0.37 ( 0.25 ) to 0.20 ( 0.24 ) in the reflexology group and from 0.36 ( 0.23 ) to 0.20 ( 0.21 ) in the control ( foot massage ) group over the same period . both scores there was strong evidence of a time effect ( P < 0.001 ) but no evidence of a time-group interaction ( P > 0.2 ) . changes were found for severity of hot flushes and night sweats . the control group , 14/37 believed they had not received true reflexology . reflexology was not shown to be more effective than non-specific foot massage in the treatment of psychological symptoms occurring during the menopause ."
3742,Abstract #3742,"randomized , controlled , clinical study compared two surgical techniques for root coverage with the acellular dermal matrix graft ( ADMG ) to evaluate which procedure could provide better root coverage and greater amounts of keratinized tissue . pairs of bilateral Miller Class I or II gingival recessions were treated and assigned randomly to the test group , and the contra-lateral recessions were assigned to the control group . ADMG was used in both groups . the control group , the graft and flap were positioned at the level of the cemento-enamel junction ( CEJ ) , and in the test group , the graft was positioned 1 mm apical to the CEJ and the flap 1 mm coronal to the CEJ . clinical parameters were taken before the surgeries and after 6 months . gingival recession area , a new parameter , was measured in standardized photographs through a special device and software . were statistically significant differences favouring the proposed technique for all parameters except for the amount of keratinized tissue at 6 months . proposed test technique is more suitable for root coverage procedures with ADMG , and the new parameter evaluated appears valuable for root coverage analysis . Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT01175720 ) ."
3743,Abstract #3743,"acid reflux is thought to be mediated by the increase in transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations ( TLOSR ) frequency and fall in lower oesophageal sphincter ( LOS ) pressure seen after ingestion of a meal . in animals and healthy volunteers suggest that cholecystokinin ( CCK ) may play a role . study the role of CCK in postprandial LOS function using the CCK antagonist loxiglumide . asymptomatic volunteers ( 7 male , 20-29 years ) and 9 patients with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux ( 4 male , 33-66 years ) . , LOS and gastric pressure and oesophageal pH readings were recorded for 1 h before and 2 h after intragastric infusion of a 200 kCal , 300 mL long chain triglyceride meal . subject underwent two studies and received intravenous loxiglumide or placebo infusion in randomized order . placebo infusion , postprandial LOS pressure fell [ volunteers : 17 ( 9-31 ) to 7 ( 1-19 ) mmHg ( P < 0.01 ) , patients : 15 ( 6-26 ) to 9 ( 2-21 ) mmHg ( P = 0.02 ) ] and TLOSR frequency increased [ volunteers : 0 ( 0-1 ) to 2 ( 0-7 ) per hour ( P = 0.01 ) , patients : 0 ( 0-3 ) to 2 ( 0-10 ) per hour ( P = 0.03 ) ] . infusion attenuated the postprandial fall in LOS pressure and the postprandial increase in TLOSR frequency [ volunteers : 0 ( 0-3 ) per hour ( P = 0.04 vs. placebo ) , patients : 0 ( 0-2 ) per hour ( P = 0.03 vs. placebo ) ] , but it had only modest effects on postprandial acid exposure [ volunteers : placebo 45 ( 0-1725 ) vs. loxiglumide 0 ( 0-443 ) seconds ( N.S. ) , patients : placebo 60 ( 0-3442 ) seconds vs. loxiglumide 31 ( 0-1472 ) seconds ( N.S. ) ] . inhibits TLOSR and attenuates the fall in LOS pressure following a meal , but has only modest effects on postprandial gastro-oesophageal acid reflux ."
3744,Abstract #3744,"determine the factors that may predict music-induced relaxation in friends and family of patients in the emergency department . remains unclear to date which demographic and experiential factors predict the effectiveness of music-induced relaxation . , in-hospital stressors for friends and family of patients rather than patients themselves are underresearched and deserve in-depth investigation to improve this group 's experience in health care environments . total of 169 relatives and friends of patients in the emergency department-waiting area completed a series of questionnaires , including the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) , the Music Experience Questionnaire ( MEQ ) , and a demographic survey . were then randomly assigned to either Case Group ( 1 hour in the waiting area with classical music in the background ) or Control Group ( 1 hour with no music ) before completing a second , identical copy of the STAI to measure change from baseline . were analyzed for associations between music intervention , change in STAI scores , MEQ scores , and demographic characteristics . who underwent the music intervention experienced a 9.8 % decrease in overall mean State Anxiety , whereas those in the Control Group experienced no change over time ( P = 0.001 ) . education significantly inversely correlated with the effectiveness of music intervention : participants with no formal education beyond high school showed a greater overall mean decrease in State Anxiety than those with a college education or beyond in response to classical music ( P = 0.006 ) . , MEQ scores indicated that the Social Uplift scale ( a measure of one 's tendency to be uplifted in a group-oriented manner by music ) was highly predictive of the effectiveness of music intervention . is an effective and inexpensive means of reducing anxiety in friends and family of patients , who are underresearched in medicine . , low educational attainment and tendency to respond positively to music in a group setting can predict the effectiveness of music-induced relaxation ."
3745,Abstract #3745,"period before surgery may change metabolic status of the patient and have influence on perioperative stress response . aim of the study was to investigate effects of preoperative carbohydrate-rich beverage on stress response after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included into study and they were randomized into a group that was fed prior to surgery and in a group that was in the regime of nothing by mouth from the evening one day before surgery . of C-reactive protein and cortisol , were measured before and subsequently up to 48 h postoperatively . serum C-reactive protein increased significantly in both groups , but the increase was more evident in the group with fasting protocol both 24 and 48 hours postoperatively . fed patients cortisol concentration measured in the afternoon immediately after the operation showed physiological decline . patients with fasting protocol postoperative cortisol values rise above the values measured in the morning . feeding has advantage over overnight fasting by reducing preoperative discomfort in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy . fed patients , smaller increase in C-reactive protein and better regulation of cortisol levels are an indicator of decreased perioperative stress response ."
3746,Abstract #3746,"evaluate the minimal dose of lidocaine required for suppression of fentanyl-induced cough . ASA I and II patients , non-smokers of both sexes scheduled for elective surgery between the ages of 18 to 60 yr were randomly allocated into four equal groups . patients were assigned to receive lidocaine 0.5 mg.kg ( -1 ) ( Group I ) , 1.0 mg.kg ( -1 ) ( Group II ) , 1.5 mg.kg ( -1 ) ( Group III ) or placebo ( Group IV ) over five seconds , one minute prior to the administration of fentanyl 3 microg.kg ( -1 ) in a randomized and double-blind fashion . episode of cough was classified as coughing and graded as mild ( 1-2 ) moderate ( 3-4 ) or severe ( 5 or more ) . data were analyzed by test of proportion . , 12 , 11 and 28 patients ( 13.75 % , 15 % , 13.75 % and 35 % ) had cough in Groups I , II , III and IV respectively ( P < 0.05 Groups I , II , III vs IV ) . was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of cough among the lidocaine pretreated groups ( P > 0.05 ) . results of our study suggest that iv lidocaine 0.5 mg.kg ( -1 ) is the minimal dose required to suppress fentanyl-induced cough when administered one minute prior to fentanyl . further increase in the lidocaine dose does not reduce the incidence or severity of fentanyl-induced cough ."
3747,Abstract #3747,"saphenous nerve block using a landmark-based approach has shown promise in reducing postoperative pain in patients undergoing arthroscopic medial meniscectomy . hypothesized that performing an ultrasound-guided adductor canal saphenous block as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen would result in improved analgesia after arthroscopic medial meniscectomy . patients presenting for ambulatory arthroscopic medial meniscectomy under general anesthesia were prospectively randomized to receive an ultrasound-guided adductor canal block with 0.5 % ropivacaine or a sham subcutaneous injection of sterile saline . primary outcome was resting pain scores ( numerical rating scale ; NRS ) upon arrival to the postanesthesia care unit ( PACU ) . outcomes included NRS at six hours , 12 hr , 18 hr , and 24 hr ; postoperative nausea ; and postoperative opioid consumption . was a statistically significant difference in mean NRS pain scores upon arrival to the PACU ( P = 0.03 ) : block group NRS = 1.71 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.73 to 2.68 ) vs sham group NRS = 3.25 ( 95 % CI 2.27 to 4.23 ) . opioid consumption ( represented in oral morphine equivalents ) over 24 hr was 71.8 mg ( 95 % CI 56.5 to 87.2 ) in the sham group vs 44.9 mg ( 95 % CI 29.5 to 60.2 ) in the block group ( P = 0.016 ) . ultrasound-guided block at the adductor canal as part of a combined multimodal analgesic regimen significantly reduces resting pain scores in the PACU following arthroscopic medial meniscectomy . , 24-hr postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores were also reduced ."
3748,Abstract #3748,"goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a parent-focused behavioral intervention on parent and child eating changes and on percentage of overweight changes in families that contain at least one obese parent and a non-obese child . with obese parents and non-obese children were randomized to groups in which parents were provided a comprehensive behavioral weight-control program and were encouraged to increase fruit and vegetable intake or decrease intake of high-fat/high-sugar foods . materials targeted the same dietary changes as their parents without caloric restriction . over 1 year showed that treatment influenced targeted parent and child fruit and vegetable intake and high-fat/high-sugar intake , with the Increase Fruit and Vegetable group also decreasing their consumption of high-fat/high-sugar foods . in the increased fruit and vegetable group showed significantly greater decreases in percentage of overweight than parents in the decreased high-fat/high-sugar group . results suggest that focusing on increasing intake of healthy foods may be a useful approach for nutritional change in obese parents and their children ."
3749,Abstract #3749,"standard treatment for cobalamin ( vitamin B ( 12 ) ) deficiency involves regular intramuscular cobalamin injection . has been suggested that oral cobalamin therapy may be effective for treating patients who have food-cobalamin malabsorption . prospectively studied 10 patients with cobalamin deficiency and well-established food-cobalamin malabsorption who received 3000 microg or 5000 microg of oral crystalline cyanocobalamin once a week for at least 3 months . blood counts and serum cobalamin , homocysteine , and folate levels were determined at baseline and after 3 months of treatment . were reexamined after 6 months . 3 months of treatment , all patients had increased hemoglobin levels ( mean increase , 1.9 g/dL ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.9 to 3.9 g/dL ;P < 0.01 compared with baseline ) and decreased erythrocyte cell volume ( mean decrease , 7.8 fL ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.9 to 16.5 fL ;P < 0.001 ) . , 2 patients had only minor , if any , responses . cobalamin levels were increased in all 8 patients in whom it was measured . findings suggest that moderate doses of crystalline cyanocobalamin given orally may be an effective treatment for food-cobalamin malabsorption ."
3750,Abstract #3750,"hyperlipidemia ( CH ) is an increasingly prevalent risk factor for premature heart disease , and its treatment is troublesome . aim of this study was to compare the effects of atorvastatin and fenofibrate on nonlipid biochemical risk factors and the low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) particle size in subjects with CH . middle-aged men with CH were randomly assigned to open-label therapy with atorvastatin ( 10 mg daily ) or micronized fenofibrate ( 200 mg daily ) ; they were sequentially treated with both drugs , with crossover of medication after 10 weeks . was more efficient in the reduction of total cholesterol , whereas fenofibrate was more efficient in the reduction of triglycerides . atorvastatin led to a significant reduction of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. Only fenofibrate increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol . drug influenced lipoprotein ( a ) . LDL particle size increased both after fenofibrate ( 3.08 % ) and atorvastatin ( 1.77 % ) . increased serum homocysteine ( HCY ) by 36.5 % . had no effect on HCY . atorvastatin increased fibrinogen by 17.4 % . fenofibrate reduced C-reactive protein by 51.7 % . drug influenced HOMA ( homeostasis model assessment ) index of insulin resistance . plasma level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances , an index of oxidative stress , decreased after both treatments . atorvastatin and fenofibrate had similar beneficial effects on LDL particle size and on oxidative stress . effects of both drugs on other parameters such as triglycerides , total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , fibrinogen , or HCY differed significantly . differences , together with the risk profile of a patient , should be considered during selection of a particular lipid-lowering modality ."
3751,Abstract #3751,"study was performed to analyze the influence of either aspirin , ticlopidine , or their combination on platelet activation and aggregation parameters after stent implantation . patients with successful implantation of a single Palmaz-Schatz stent in a native coronary artery were randomly assigned to either group A ( aspirin 300 mg/d + ticlopidine 2X250 mg/d ) , group B ( ticlopidine 2X250 mg/d ) , or group C ( aspirin 300 mg/d ) . activation was evaluated on days 1 , 7 , and 14 by flow cytometry measurement of expression of CD62p ( p-selectin ) and the binding of fibrinogen to the platelet surface glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor . aggregation was induced by addition of ADP or collagen . between treatment groups were compared by ANOVA . days 1 and 14 , we observed a significant decrease in collagen-induced platelet aggregation in group A ( 62.2 + / -2.5 % versus 36.9 + / -3.1 % ) , whereas an increase was seen in group B ( 58.3 + / -2.5 % versus 67.7 + / -3.2 % ) and no change was seen in group C ( P < .0001 ) . ADP-induced aggregation declined significantly in group A ( 74.7 + / -1.4 % versus 55.3 + / -2.6 % ) , whereas a delayed reduction was seen in group B ( 72.0 + / -3.0 % versus 52.6 + / -4.2 % ) and no change was seen in group C ( P = .0017 ) . CD62p expression declined significantly in groups A ( 68.2 + / -2.7 % versus 41.3 + / -2.7 % ) and B ( 64.8 + / -2.9 % versus 39.3 + / -3.5 % ) but not in group C ( P < .0001 ) . , the fibrinogen binding decreased significantly in group A ( 61.0 + / -4.3 % versus 36.3 + / -4.2 % ) and with delay in group B ( 58.3 + / -2.2 % versus 39.4 + / -3.0 % ) , whereas no alterations were seen in group C ( P = .012 ) . results demonstrate synergistic and accelerated platelet inhibitory effects of ticlopidine plus aspirin in patients after stent implantation compared with a monotherapy with either ticlopidine or aspirin alone ."
3752,Abstract #3752,"evidence of a positive effect of collaborative patient-provider communication on patient outcomes , our understanding of this relationship is unclear . purpose of this paper is to determine whether racial composition of the relationship modified the association between ratings of provider communication and medication adherence . modification of the communication-adherence association , by racial composition of the relationship , was evaluated using general linear mixed models while adjusting for selected covariates . hundred ninety patients were in race-concordant ( black patient , black provider ) relationships , while 207 were in race-discordant ( black patient , white provider ) relationships . communication-adherence association was significantly modified in race-discordant relationships ( p = 0.04 ) . rated as more collaborative in race-discordant relationships was associated with better adherence , while communication rated as less collaborative was associated with poor adherence . was no significant association between adherence and communication in race-concordant relationships ( p = 0.24 ) . patient-provider communication may play an influential role in black patients ' adherence behaviors when receiving care from white providers ."
3753,Abstract #3753,"- and multiple-dose studies were conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics and safety of tolvaptan in healthy Japanese subjects . studies were single-center , randomized , placebo-controlled , single-blind or double-blind . an ascending single-dose study , subjects were given a single oral dose of 15-120 mg tolvaptan or placebo . multiple-dose studies , subjects were given 30 , 60 , 90 or 120 mg tolvaptan or placebo once daily for 7 days . a single dose of 15-120 mg tolvaptan , the maximum plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to time t ( AUC ( t ) ) increased dose-dependently , and increases in AUC ( t ) were dose-proportional . in 24-hour cumulative urine volume were dose - and AUC ( 24hr ) - dependent . excretion rates reached a maximum within 2-4 h after dosing . maximal urine excretion rates increased dose-dependently , and appeared to reach a plateau at doses 60 mg . decrease in urine osmolality and an increase in free water clearance indicated an aquaretic effect of tolvaptan . sodium concentrations were increased by tolvaptan and were higher than that with placebo , even 24 h after dosing , while serum potassium concentrations were unchanged . tolvaptan accumulation was found after multiple dosing for 7 days . 24-hour cumulative urine volume following multiple dosing slightly decreased , a sustained diuretic effect was observed throughout the dosing period . most common adverse event was mild thirst . and multiple oral doses of tolvaptan exhibited dose-dependent aquaretic effects . was well tolerated at all doses tested ."
3754,Abstract #3754,"Drug Burden Index ( DBI ) , a measure of an individual 's exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications , is associated with functional impairment in community-dwelling , older people . people from residential aged care facilities ( RACFs ) , DBI score does not appear to be associated with functional impairment , but is associated with an increased risk of falls . investigated the associations between increasing DBI score and mortality in older adults living in RACFs . participants ( n = 602 ; 70.9 % female ) , recruited from 51 RACFs in Sydney , Australia , had a meanstandard deviation ( SD ) age of 85.76.4 years and a meanSD DBI score of 0.580.64 . to anticholinergic medication was 33.6 % and sedative medications 41.9 % . mortality after a variable follow-up time ( 774-1269 days ) was 36.2 % ( n = 218 ) , with the leading causes of death classified as stroke ( n = 46 ; 21.1 % ) , ischaemic heart disease/cardiovascular system ( n = 44 ; 20.2 % ) and pneumonia ( n = 31 ; 14.2 % ) . mortality multivariate models showed that the DBI categories low ( n = 260 ; hazard ratio [ HR ] 1.13 ; 95 % CI 0.82 , 1.57 ) and high ( n = 153 ; HR 1.19 ; 95 % CI 0.82 , 1.74 ) were not associated with mortality . lack of a significant association remained after dichotomization into the anticholinergic and sedative components of the DBI . found that with high exposure to anticholinergic and sedative medications , there was no significant association between increasing DBI score and all-cause mortality in old individuals living in RACFs . research into the adverse effects of medication use on the mortality of institutionalized older individuals is needed ."
3755,Abstract #3755,"we demonstrated the involvement of nitric oxide ( NO ) in the regulation of interdigestive small intestinal motility in humans . role of NO in postprandial motility remains to be studied . , we investigated the effect of the NO synthase inhibitor N ( G ) - monomethyl-L-arginine ( L-NMMA ) on antral , pyloric , and small intestinal postprandial motility in healthy volunteers . healthy male volunteers ( ages 19-29 yr ) underwent stationary antropyloroduodenal manometry recording during administration of a placebo or a high dose of L-NMMA ( 12 mg/kg within 5 min , followed by a maintenance infusion of 6.7 mg/kg/h i.v. ) in a double blind , randomized order . was recorded before and after ingestion of a 300-kcal liquid meal . and a half minutes ( + / -0.4 min ) after infusion of L-NMMA , rapidly propagated phase III-like activity was observed in the proximal duodenum in every subject . propagation velocity was 26 + / -5 cm/min . duration of the phase III-like activity increased proximally ( 9.2 + / -1.6 min ) to distally ( 12 + / -1.5 min ) , whereas the frequencies of contractions were similar in all manometric channels ( 10.8 + / -0.3 / min ) . duodenal motility was disrupted by phase III-like activity in four of 10 subjects ( 15-58 min after the meal ) during L-NMMA infusion , but not during placebo . or pyloric motility and basal pyloric tone were not significantly altered by L-NMMA , relative to the placebo . showed that inhibition of NO biosynthesis triggers the onset of a rapidly propagating phase III and shortens the postprandial period , indicating that NO is involved in the modulation of fasting and postprandial small intestinal motility in humans ."
3756,Abstract #3756,"investigate and compare the protective impact of the in situ formed salivary pellicle on enamel and dentine erosion caused by different acids at pH 2.6 . enamel and dentine samples were exposed for 120 min in the oral cavity of 10 healthy volunteers . , enamel and dentine pellicle-covered specimens were extraorally immersed in 1 ml hydrochloric , citric or phosphoric acid ( pH 2.6 , 60 s , each acid n = 30 samples ) . samples ( each acid n = 10 ) served as controls . release into the acid was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy . data were analysed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey 's test ( alpha = 0.05 ) . samples showed significantly less calcium loss compared to pellicle-free samples in all acid groups . mean ( SD ) pellicle protection ( % reduction of calcium loss ) was significantly better for enamel samples [ 60.9 ( 5.3 ) ] than for dentine samples [ 30.5 ( 5.0 ) ] , but revealed no differences among the acids . efficacy of the in situ pellicle in reducing erosion was 2-fold better for enamel than for dentine . of the pellicle was not influenced by the kind of acid when enamel and dentine erosion was performed at pH 2.6 ."
3757,Abstract #3757,"determined if a third of the dose of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin ( BCG ) has the same efficacy than a standard dose for decreasing the risk of recurrence and progression after transurethral resection in patients with superficial high risk ( stages T1G3 and carcinoma in situ ) bladder cancer . , we evaluated toxic side effects . total of 155 patients with a mean age + / - SD of 67 + / - 10.1 years with superficial bladder cancer , including stages T1G3 in 90 , a Tis primary tumor in 23 and associated Tis disease in 42 , were enrolled and randomly assigned to be treated after transurethral resection of all visible lesions with intravesical BCG , Connaught strain ( weekly x 6 and fortnightly x 6 thereafter ) with the standard dose of 81 mg or with the decreased dose of 27 mg . followup was 61 months ( range 3 to 102 ) . recurred in 32 patients ( 39 % ) treated with the standard dose and in 33 ( 45 % ) treated with the decreased dose . time to recurrence was not attained in the standard dose arm and it was 63 months in the decreased dose arm . estimates for time to recurrence did not reveal differences between the 2 doses ( p = 0.405 ) . progressed in 20 patients ( 24.7 % ) with the standard dose and in 19 ( 26 % ) with the decreased dose . patients ( 6.1 % ) with Tis had local extension into the prostatic urethra and ducts , including 3 ( 8.3 % ) treated with the standard dose and 1 ( 3.4 % ) treated with the decreased dose . time to progression was not attained in either arm . estimates for time to progression did not differ significantly ( p = 0.7997 ) . cystectomy for progression was performed in 7 patients ( 8.4 % ) treated with the standard dose and in 7 ( 9.5 % ) of those treated with the decreased dose . analysis by patient age , tumor status , number , size and T stage ( T1G3 vs Tis ) did not differ significantly . groups did not differ in disease specific mortality , which was 12.2 % in the standard dose arm and 16.4 % in the decreased dose arm . disease specific survival + / - SE was 86.96 + / - 4.14 and 83.73 + / - 4.73 months , respectively . results suggest that a 3-fold decreased dose of intravesical BCG is as effective as the standard dose against progression in patients with high risk stages T1G3 and Tis superficial bladder carcinoma but with significantly less toxicity ."
3758,Abstract #3758,"technologies have recently been used for monitoring signs and symptoms of mental health illnesses and particularly have been tested to improve the outcomes in bipolar disorders . psychoeducational programs for bipolar disorders have also been implemented , yet to our knowledge , none of them have integrated both approaches in one single intervention . aim of this project is to develop and validate a smartphone application to monitor symptoms and signs and empower the self-management of bipolar disorder , offering customized embedded psychoeducation contents , in order to identify early symptoms and prevent relapses and hospitalizations . project will be carried out in three complementary phases , which will include a feasibility study ( first phase ) , a qualitative study ( second phase ) and a randomized controlled trial ( third phase ) comparing the smartphone application ( SIMPLe ) on top of treatment as usual with treatment as usual alone . the first phase , feasibility and satisfaction will be assessed with the application usage log data and with an electronic survey . groups will be conducted and technical improvements will be incorporated at the second phase . , at the third phase , survival analysis with multivariate data analysis will be performed and relationships between socio-demographic , clinical variables and assessments scores with relapses in each group will be explored . project could result in a highly available , user-friendly and not costly monitoring and psychoeducational intervention that could improve the outcome of people suffering from bipolar disorders in a practical and secure way . Trials.gov : NCT02258711 ( October 2014 ) ."
3759,Abstract #3759,"study aim was to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for sedation during the early postoperative period in adolescents who underwent scoliosis surgery . performed a prospective , randomized trial in an intensive care unit ( ICU ) in a tertiary care center . this study , 42 patients ( American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I and II ) who underwent scoliosis surgery were divided into two groups according to sedation protocols : group dexmedetomidine ( DEX ) ( n = 22 ) and group midazolam ( MDZ ) ( n = 20 ) . ( 12-18 years ) requiring mechanical ventilation underwent a continuous infusion of either dexmedetomidine ( group DEX ; starting dose , 0.4 gkg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) ) or midazolam ( group MDZ ; starting dose , 0.1 mgkg ( -1 ) h ( -1 ) ) with intermittent fentanyl , as needed . efficacy of sedation was assessed using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale ( RASS ) . of pain relief was measured using the Numeric Visual Analog Scale ( NVAS ) . was determined in patients in the RASS range of -2 to +1 using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU ( CAM-ICU ) . consumption , incidence of delirium , NVAS scores , and hemodynamics were recorded postoperatively at 2 , 4 , 6 , and 24 h in the ICU . NVAS pain scores and fentanyl consumption at all the evaluation time points were significantly higher in group MDZ than those in group DEX ( P < 0.05 ) . , total fentanyl consumption in group MDZ was significantly higher than that in group DEX ( P < 0.05 ) . was significantly higher in the group MDZ than that in group DEX ( 31.3 % vs 12.5 % ) when analyzed as the endpoint of CAM-ICU ( P < 0.05 ) . heart rate was significantly lower in group DEX compared with that in group MDZ at all the evaluation time points ( P < 0.05 ) . was associated with the decreased postoperative fentanyl consumption , NVAS scores , and a decreased incidence of delirium . findings may be beneficial for managing sedation protocols in adolescents who have undergone scoliosis surgery ."
3760,Abstract #3760,"catheter systems with sealed junctions have been associated with reduced rates of bacteriuria and mortality . clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a junction seal applied after catheter insertion for preventing bacteriuria and reducing mortality . undergoing transurethral catheterization at a community hospital were randomized within 24 hours of catheter insertion to receive either a tape seal applied to the catheter-drainage tubing junction or no tape seal . urine cultures and catheter care violations were monitored daily until catheter removal or patient discharge . , 124 ( 13.7 % ) of 903 patients in the group receiving a junction seal acquired bacteriuria , compared with 125 ( 14.9 % ) of 837 patients in the control group ( P = .52 , odds ratio = 0.91 , 95 % confidence interval , 0.69 to 1.20 ) . analysis revealed that only female gender and lack of systemic antibiotic use independently correlated with the development of bacteriuria ; neither junction treatment randomization nor disconnection of the junction was associated with bacteriuria . curve analysis of patients stratified by gender and antibiotic use revealed no significant differences in the rate of bacteriuria between treatment groups . overall mortality in the tape seal group was less than that in the control group ( 6.6 % vs. 8.0 % , respectively ) , but not to a statistically significant extent despite stratification by antibiotic use . use of a tape seal applied to the catheter-drainage tubing junction within 24 hours of catheter insertion was not associated with significantly lower rates of bacteriuria and mortality in patients undergoing short-term catheterization ."
3761,Abstract #3761,"determine the long-term effects of intraocular antagonism of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in patients with macular edema caused by retinal vein occlusions ( RVOs ) . randomized trial . patients with macular edema caused by branch RVOs ( BRVOs ) and 20 patients with central RVOs ( CRVOs ) . the month 3 primary end point , patients were seen every 2 months and received injections of an anti-VEGF agent as needed for recurrent edema . change from baseline best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) at month 24 with assessment of other parameters of visual function and center subfield thickness ( foveal thickness [ FTH ] ) . 17 patients with BRVO who completed 2 years of follow-up , the mean improvement from baseline in BCVA at month 24 was 17.8 letters compared with 15.6 letters at month 3 . by at least 6 , 3 , or 2 lines occurred in 18 % , 59 % , and 76 % of patients , respectively . Snellen equivalent BCVA at month 24 was 20/40 or better in 10 patients . an average of 2 injections of ranibizumab during year 2 , the mean FTH at month 24 was 245.8 m compared with 217.1 m at month 3 and 481.5 m at baseline . 14 patients with CRVO who completed 2 years of follow-up , the mean improvement in BCVA at month 24 was 8.5 letters compared with 12.0 letters at month 3 . by at least 6 , 3 , or 2 lines occurred in 14 % , 21 % , and 43 % of patients , respectively . Snellen equivalent BCVA at month 24 was 20/40 or better in 4 patients . an average of 3.5 injections of ranibizumab in year 2 , mean FTH at month 24 was 338 m compared with 278 m at month 3 and 533 m at baseline . of RVO > 1 year at study entry and nonperfusion of perifoveal capillaries for 360 degrees correlated with reduced visual outcomes . of VEGF provides substantial long-term benefit to patients with macular edema caused by RVO , but frequent injections are required in some patients with BRVO and most patients with CRVO ."
3762,Abstract #3762,"evaluate an ambulatory , family-focused intervention aimed at optimizing design We randomly assigned 105 children and adolescents , 8 to 17 years of age , with T1DM for < or = 6 years , to a family-focused teamwork ( TW ) intervention or to standard multidisciplinary diabetes care ( SC ) . in both study groups were seen at 3 - to 4-month intervals and were followed prospectively for 1 year . of family involvement in diabetes tasks , DFC , and quality of life were performed at baseline and after 1 year . A1c was measured at each visit . ( n = 100 ) completed follow-up , ( 50 in TW and 50 in SC ) . entry , A1c was 8.4 % + / - 1.3 % in TW and 8.3 % + / - 1.0 % in SC . 1 year , A1c was 8.2 % + / - 1.1 % in TW compared with 8.7 % + / - 1.5 % in SC ( P < .05 ) . groups had similar frequencies of blood glucose monitoring ( BGM ) and insulin dosing . exposed to the TW intervention maintained or increased family involvement significantly more than families exposed to SC ( P = .05 ) . multivariate analysis , the TW intervention and the daily frequency of BGM significantly predicted A1c ( R ( 2 ) = 0.17 , P = .05 ) . increased family involvement , the TW group reported no increase in DFC or decrease in quality of life . ambulatory TW intervention prevented the expected deterioration in glycemic control seen with SC in youths with T1DM of < or = 6 years ' duration . family involvement may assist in the preservation of health and the prevention of long-term diabetes complications for youth with diabetes ."
3763,Abstract #3763,"aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and patient tolerance of 0.4 % ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution and 0.5 % ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution after routine phacoemulsification and lens implantation . setting for this study was the Storm Eye Institute and Magill Research Center for Vision Correction , Medical University of South Carolina ( Charleston , SC ) . work was a prospective , double-masked study that included 40 eyes of 40 patients randomly assigned to receive topical treatment with 0.4 % ketorolac or 0.5 % ketorolac , starting 15 min prior to routine phacoemulsification and foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation . the procedure , patients were instructed to use the assigned treatment agent 4 times a day after surgery for 1 week and twice a day for 3 weeks , when drops were discontinued . examination , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , laser cell and flare measurements , and subjective patient tolerance were evaluated postoperatively at 1 , 7 , and 30 d. Comparisons between the 2 groups were made at each visit , as well as comparisons to baseline . P = value less than .05 was considered statistically significant . day 1 , a higher percentage of patients ( 70 % vs. 40 % ) reported symptoms ( mainly foreign body sensation and stinging/burning ) in the 0.5 % ketorolac group , compared to the 0.4 % ketorolac group . significant differences were found between the 2 groups over time regarding best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , IOP , slit-lamp assessment of cells , and cell and flare measured using the laser cell/flare meter . with 0.4 % ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is as effective as 0.5 % ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution in reducing inflammation after routine cataract surgery . reported less discomfort using 0.4 % ketorolac ."
3764,Abstract #3764,"solutions may be an effective treatment for systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS ) . regard to the immunomodulatory effects of these drugs , previous studies demonstrated controversial results . , the present study investigated the influence of different hyperoncotic and hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions on polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte ( PMNL ) count , elastase and superoxide-anion production in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) with cardiopulmonary bypass . patients scheduled for elective CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly assigned to five groups : ( i ) NaCl 0.9 % , 750 ml/m ( 2 ) body surface area ( BSA ) ; ( ii ) hydroxyethylic starch 10 % , 250 ml/m ( 2 ) BSA and NaCl 0.9 % , 400 ml/m ( 2 ) BSA ; ( iii ) dextran 10 % , 250 ml/m ( 2 ) BSA and NaCl 0.9 % , 300 ml/m ( 2 ) BSA ; ( iv ) hypertonic sodium chloride 7.2 % / hyperoncotic hydroxyethylic starch 10 % , 150 ml/m ( 2 ) BSA ; and ( v ) hypertonic sodium chloride 7.2 % / hyperoncotic dextran 10 % , 150 ml/m ( 2 ) BSA . samples were drawn from arterial , central venous and coronary artery sinus catheters peri-operatively . count , superoxide-anion production and elastase were recorded . counts and elastase activity increased in all groups after reperfusion . production showed only minor changes . groups , no significant differences were demonstrated . of clinically relevant doses of hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution did not affect PMNL count , elastase - or superoxide-anion production during elective CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass ."
3765,Abstract #3765,"Diabetes Mellitus ( GDM ) has well recognised adverse health implications for the mother and her newborn that are both short and long term . is a significant risk factor for developing GDM and the prevalence of obesity is increasing globally . is a matter of public health importance that clinicians have evidence based strategies to inform practice and currently there is insufficient evidence regarding the impact of dietary and lifestyle interventions on improving maternal and newborn outcomes . primary aim of this study is to measure the impact of a telephone based intervention that promotes positive lifestyle modifications on the incidence of GDM . aims include : the impact on gestational weight gain ; large for gestational age babies ; differences in blood glucose levels taken at the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ( OGTT ) and selected factors relating to self-efficacy and psychological wellbeing . randomised controlled trial ( RCT ) will be conducted involving pregnant women who are overweight ( BMI > 25 to 29.9 k/gm2 ) or obese ( BMI > 30kgm/2 ) , less than 14weeks gestation and recruited from the Barwon South West region of Victoria , Australia . recruitment until birth , women in the intervention group will receive a program informed by the Theory of Self-efficacy and employing Motivational Interviewing . ( less than 5minute ) phone contact will alternate with a text message/email and will involve goal setting , behaviour change reinforcement with weekly weighing and charting , and the provision of health information . in the control group will receive usual care . for primary and secondary outcomes will be collected from medical record review and a questionnaire at 36weeks gestation . based strategies that reduce the incidence of GDM are a priority for contemporary maternity care . health behaviours is a complex undertaking and trialling a composite intervention that can be adopted in various primary health settings is required so women can be accessed as early in pregnancy as possible . a sound theoretical base to inform such an intervention will add depth to our understanding of this approach and to the interpretation of results , contributing to the evidence base for practice and policy . trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ANZCTR ) : ACTRN12613000125729 ."
3766,Abstract #3766,"authors compared the performance of a prototype intubation aid that incorporated plastic illumination and image guides into a stylet with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation by novice users . a randomized , nonblinded design , patients were assigned to direct laryngoscopy , fiberoptic bronchoscopy , or imaging stylet intubation groups . quality of laryngeal view and ease with which it was attained for each intubation was graded by the laryngoscopist . to intubation was measured in 1-min increments . sore-throat severity grade was obtained after operation . were no differences in demographic , physical examination , or surgical course characteristics among the groups . laryngoscope produced an adequate laryngeal view more easily than did the imaging stylet or bronchoscope ( P = 0.001 ) but caused the highest incidence of postoperative sore throat ( P < 0.05 ) . the time to intubation for direct laryngoscopy was shorter than for imaging stylet , which was shorter than fiberoptic bronchoscopy ( P < 0.05 ) , the quality of laryngeal view with the imaging stylet was inferior to both direct laryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques ( P < 0.05 ) . using the imaging stylet produce fewer cases of sore throat ( compared with direct laryngoscopy ) and can intubate faster than when using a bronchoscope in anesthetized adult patients . imaging stylet may be a useful aid for tracheal intubation , especially for those unable to maintain skills with a bronchoscope ."
3767,Abstract #3767,"the impact of facial defect reconstruction on observer-graded attractiveness and negative facial perception . , randomized , controlled experiment . hundred twenty casual observers viewed images of faces with defects of varying sizes and locations before and after reconstruction as well as normal comparison faces . rated attractiveness , defect severity , and how disfiguring , bothersome , and important to repair they considered each face . defects decreased attractiveness -2.26 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : -2.45 , -2.08 ) on a 10-point scale . effects linear regression showed this attractiveness penalty varied with defect size and location , with large and central defects generating the greatest penalty . surgery increased attractiveness 1.33 ( 95 % CI : 1.18 , 1.47 ) , an improvement dependent upon size and location , restoring some defect categories to near normal ranges of attractiveness . principal factor analysis indicated the disfiguring , important to repair , bothersome , and severity variables were highly correlated and measured a common domain ; thus , they were combined to create the disfigured , important to repair , bothersome , severity ( DIBS ) factor score , representing negative facial perception . DIBS regression showed defect faces have a 1.5 standard deviation increase in negative perception ( DIBS : 1.69 , 95 % CI : 1.61 , 1.77 ) compared to normal faces , which decreased by a similar magnitude after surgery ( DIBS : -1.44 , 95 % CI : -1.49 , -1.38 ) . findings varied with defect size and location . reconstruction of facial defects increased attractiveness and decreased negative social facial perception , an impact that varied with defect size and location . new social perception data add to the evidence base demonstrating the value of high-quality reconstructive surgery . ."
3768,Abstract #3768,"best outcomes for treating childhood obesity have come from comprehensive family-based programmes . there are questions over their generalizability . examine the acceptability and effectiveness of ` family-based behavioural treatment ' ( FBBT ) for childhood obesity in an ethnically and socially diverse sample of families in a UK National Health Service ( NHS ) setting . this parallel group , randomized controlled trial , 72 obese children were randomized to FBBT or a waiting-list control . outcomes were body mass index ( BMI ) and BMI s.d. scores ( SDSs ) . outcomes were weight , weight SDSs , height , height SDSs , waist , waist SDSs , FM index , FFM index , blood pressure ( BP ) and psychosocial measures . outcomes were assessed at baseline and after treatment , with analyses of 6-month data performed on an intent-to-treat ( ITT ) basis . anthropometric data were collected at 12 months for the treatment group . analyses included all children with baseline data ( n = 60 ) . were significant BMI SDS changes ( P < 0.01 ) for the treatment and control groups of -0.11 ( 0.16 ) and -0.10 ( 1.6 ) . treatment group showed a significant reduction in systolic BP ( -0.24 ( 0.7 ) , P < 0.05 ) and improvements in quality of life and eating attitudes ( P < 0.05 ) , with no significant changes for the control group . the between-group treatment effects for BMI , body composition , BP and psychosocial outcomes were not significant . was no overall change in BMI or BMI SDSs from 0-12 months for the treatment group . adverse effects were reported . treatment and control groups experienced significant reductions in the level of overweight , but with no significant difference between them . were no significant group differences for any of the secondary outcomes . trial was registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com/ under ISRCTN 51382628 ."
3769,Abstract #3769,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of misoprostol among patients with retained placenta in a low-resource setting . prospective , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was carried out in Tanzania between April 2008 and November 2011 . included patients who delivered at a gestational age of 28 weeks or more and had blood loss of 750 mL or less at 30 minutes after delivery . misoprostol ( 800 g ) was compared with placebo as the primary treatment . analysis showed that 117 patients would be required to observe a reduction of 40 % in the incidence of manual removal of the placenta ( MRP ; P = 0.05 , 80 % power ) , the primary outcome . secondary outcomes were blood loss and number of blood transfusions . analysis after recruitment of 95 patients showed that incidence of MRP , total blood loss , and incidence of blood transfusions were similar in the misoprostol ( MRP , 40 % ; blood loss , 803 mL ; blood transfusion , 15 % ) and placebo ( MRP , 33 % , blood loss 787 mL , blood transfusion , 23 % ) groups . trial was stopped because continuation would not alter the interim conclusion that misoprostol was ineffective . with misoprostol was found to have no clinically significant beneficial effect among women with retained placenta . Controlled Trials ISRCTN16104753 ."
3770,Abstract #3770,"investigate the effect of a single-dose and 2-week administration of topical 0.25 % verapamil on episcleral venous pressure ( EVP ) and intraocular pressure ( IOP ) . prospective , randomized , double-masked , crossover , and placebo-controlled study . eye of each of 20 normal subjects received topical verapamil or placebo . EVP was measured using a pressure chamber episcleral venomanometer . IOP , EVP , heart rate ( HR ) , and blood pressure ( BP ) were measured at baseline , 1.5 hours after a single drop , and after 2-week , three-times-a-day topical administration of 0.25 % verapamil or placebo to one eye . a 4-week washout period , the treatment to the study eye was reversed , and measurements of EVP , IOP , HR , and BP were repeated . EVP , IOP , HR , and BP were measured . minutes after a single drop , the EVP in the verapamil-treated eyes was reduced by 4.8 % ( P = < 0.001 ) and in the untreated fellow eyes by 2.4 % ( P = 0.032 ) . 2-week topical administration , the EVP was reduced by 9.5 % ( P = < 0.0001 ) in the verapamil-treated eyes and by 4.8 % ( P = 0.001 ) in the fellow eyes . EVP was unchanged in the treated and fellow eyes after a single drop or after a 2-week treatment with placebo . minutes after topical administration of 0.25 % verapamil , the IOP decreased by 7.7 % ( P = < 0.0001 ) in the treated eyes and decreased by 3.6 % ( P = 0.03 ) in the fellow eyes . a 2-week administration of topical verapamil , the IOP decreased by 12 % ( P = 0.0001 ) in the treated eyes and by 7.2 % ( P = 0.0289 ) in the fellow eyes . changes of IOP in the placebo-treated and fellow eyes were not statistically significant after a single-dose and 2-week administration . topical administration of verapamil , a contralateral effect on IOP and EVP was observed in the fellow , untreated eye . systemic effect on HR or BP was detected after a single-dose administration of topical verapamil . were , however , significant reductions in HR and BP after a 2-week treatment with topical 0.25 % verapamil . results indicate that a single drop and a 2-week administration of topical 0.25 % verapamil decrease IOP and EVP significantly , with more pronounced reduction after a 2-week treatment than after a single-dose treatment ."
3771,Abstract #3771,"assess the adjunct effect of metformin to insulin in type 2 diabetes . and overweight type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin for at least 1 year , and with poor glycaemic control ( HbA1c > upper reference level + 2 % ) , were included in a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . were treated for 12 months with either metformin ( 850 mg b.i.d. ) or placebo added to their usual insulin , which was stabilized during a 3-month placebo run-in period , but thereafter attempted to be unchanged . patients were included . patients dropped out during run-in . were no differences between the metformin ( n = 16 ) and placebo ( n = 19 ) group at baseline . patients received multiple insulin injections . control was improved by addition of metformin . change in HbA1c from baseline showed highly significant difference between groups at 3 , 6 , 9 and 12 months . change ( percentage units + / - s.d. ) at 12 months was -1.1 + / - 0.7 % vs. + 0.3 + / - 0.8 % ( p < 0.001 ) for HbA1c and -1.4 + / - 2.1 mmol/l vs. + 0.6 + / - 2.2 mmol/l ( p = 0.025 ) for fasting blood glucose . low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol change differed slightly at 6 months , but not at 12 months . were no changes in insulin dose , blood pressure , body weight , triglycerides , total - and high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol , fibrinogen , C-peptide and laboratory safety variables , including serum B12 . therapy was well-tolerated with the same adverse event rate as insulin alone , but more patients with diarrhoea . of metformin to insulin induced and maintained clinically significant and consistent long-term reduction of hyperglycaemia in obese , insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients ."
3772,Abstract #3772,"compare the outcomes of wavefront-optimized ablation and topography-guided ablation in fellow eyes of patients undergoing laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) for myopia . prospective study included 84 patients who underwent LASIK in both eyes : wavefront-optimized ablation in one eye ( group I ) and topography-guided ablation in the fellow eye ( group II ) . Moria2 microkeratome with a 110 single-use head ( Moria , Antony , France ) was used to create a superior hinged flap and the Allegretto Wave Excimer Laser ( Alcon/Wavelight Light Laser Technologie GmbH , Erlangen , Germany ) for photoablation . Allegretto wave analyzer was used to measure the ocular aberrations before and 6 months after LASIK . visual outcomes and ocular aberration changes were compared between the two treatment modalities . months postoperatively , the mean uncorrected visual acuity of group II was statistically better than that of group I ( P = .02 ) . percent of group I and 83 % of group II achieved a postoperative spherical equivalent refraction of 0.5 diopters . postoperative total root-mean-square of higher order aberrations ( HOAs ) of group II was smaller than that of group I , but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = .51 ) . was a decrease in most of the individual terms of HOAs in group II , but it was only statistically significant in Z ( 3 ) ( -1 ) ( P = .04 ) . reverse occurred in group I , where most of the individual terms of HOAs increased , but it was not statistically significant . improvement was only noted in Z ( 5 ) ( 3 ) ( P = .05 ) and Z ( 5 ) ( 5 ) ( P = .04 ) . wavefront-optimized ablation and topography-guided ablation provided good refractive results , but the latter induced fewer HOAs ."
3773,Abstract #3773,"effect of vardenafil , a potent and highly selective phosphodiesterase-5 ( PDE5 ) inhibitor , on symptom-limited exercise time , time to first awareness of angina , and time to ischemic threshold ( ST-segment depression > or = 1 mm from baseline ) during exercise tolerance testing ( ETT ) was examined in patients with stable coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . dysfunction ( ED ) is common among men with CAD . inhibition is increasingly the preferred treatment option for ED . , the effect of PDE5 inhibition on exercise-induced ischemia in CAD patients has received limited prospective evaluation . this double-blind , crossover , single-dose multicenter study , 41 men with reproducible stable exertional angina due to ischemic CAD received vardenafil 10 mg or placebo , followed by ETT ( 5 to 10 metabolic equivalents [ METS ] , Bruce protocol ) 1 h postdose . nitrate use was prohibited for > or = 24 h pre - and postexercise study days . points included symptom-limited treadmill exercise time , time to first awareness of angina , time to ischemic threshold , and safety . to placebo , vardenafil 10 mg did not alter exercise treadmill time ( 427 + / - 105 s vs. 433 + / - 109 s , p = 0.39 ) , or time to first awareness of angina ( 292 + / - 110 s vs. 291 + / - 123 s , p = 0.59 ) , but significantly prolonged time to ischemic threshold ( 334 + / - 108 s vs. 381 + / - 108 , p = 0.0004 ) . peak exercise , vardenafil 10 mg did not alter blood pressure , heart rate , or rate-pressure product relative to placebo . most common adverse events ( facial flushing and headache ) were of mild or moderate intensity , and short-lived . 10 mg did not impair the ability of patients with stable CAD to exercise at levels equivalent or greater than that attained during sexual intercourse ( average of 2.5 to 3.3 METS ) ."
3774,Abstract #3774,"compare the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of doctors and nurses undertaking upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy . study was a pragmatic randomised controlled trial . 's randomisation before consent was used to minimise distortion of existing practice in the participating sites . economic evaluation was conducted alongside the trial , assessing the relative cost-effectiveness of nurses and doctors . study was undertaken in 23 hospitals in England , Scotland and Wales . six hospitals nurses undertook both upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy , yielding a total of 29 ` centres ' . study was coordinated and managed from Swansea . , data management and analysis were undertaken at York . was by intention-to-scope . doctors and 30 nurses took part in the study . 4964 potentially eligible patients , 4128 ( 83 % ) were randomised . these , 1888 ( 45 % ) were recruited to the study from 29 July 2002 to 30 June 2003 . procedures under study were diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy undertaken by nurses or doctors , with or without sedation , using the preparation , techniques and protocols of participating hospitals . outcome measure was the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Questionnaire ( GSRQ ) . secondary outcome measures were EuroQol ( EQ5D ) , Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire ( GESQ ) , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) , cost-effectiveness , immediate and delayed complications , quality of examination by blinded assessment of endoscopic video recordings , quality of procedure reports , patients ' preferences for operator 1 year after endoscopy , and new diagnoses at 1 year . two groups were well matched at baseline for demographic and clinical characteristics . more patients changed from a planned endoscopy by a doctor to a nurse than vice versa , mainly for staffing reasons . was no significant difference between the two groups in the primary or secondary outcome measures at 1 day , 1 month or 1 year after endoscopy , with the exception of patient satisfaction at 1 day , which favoured nurses . were significantly more thorough in the examination of stomach and oesophagus , but no different from doctors in the examination of duodenum and colon . was no significant difference in costs to the NHS or patients , although doctors cost slightly more . quality of life measures showed improvement in some scores in the doctor group , this did not reach traditional levels of statistical significance . so , the economic evaluation , taking account of uncertainty in both costs and quality of life , suggests that endoscopy by doctors has an 87 % chance of being more cost-effective than endoscopy by nurses . is no statistically significant difference between doctors and nurses in their clinical effectiveness in diagnostic endoscopy . , nurses are significantly more thorough in the examination of oesophagus and stomach , and patients are significantly more satisfied after endoscopy by a nurse . by doctors is associated with better outcome at 1 year at higher cost , but overall is likely to be cost-effective . research is needed to evaluate the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of nurses undertaking a greater role in other settings , to monitor the cost-effectiveness of nurse endoscopists as they become more experienced and to assess , the effect of increasing the number of nurse endoscopists on waiting times for patients , and the career implications and opportunities for nurses who become trained endoscopists . of the clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of diagnostic endoscopy for all current indications is also needed ."
3775,Abstract #3775,"test the hypothesis that a structured aerobic exercise regimen would decrease the severity of depressive symptoms in people with traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) who reported at least mild depression severity at baseline . , randomized , controlled trial . gymnasium . with a history of a prior TBI ( 6 months to 5 years post-injury ) , recruited from the community . criteria included scoring 5 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 . were excluded if they were non-English speakers , had a medical condition precluding exercise , had suicidal ideation , regularly exercised , or could not use standard aerobic exercise equipment . supervised exercise sessions over a 10-week period consisted of education , warm-up , 30 minutes of aerobic exercise , and cool down . exercise intensity was adjusted to reach a heart rate goal of 60 % of the participant 's estimated maximal heart rate . Depression Inventory ( BDI ) comparing exercise to control groups . hoc analyses compared groups exercising 90 minutes or < 90 minutes per week . comparisons at 10 weeks revealed no difference between groups on the BDI ( P = .250 ) . the groups divided by minutes exercised per week , the high-activity group had significantly better depression scores than those in the low-activity group ( P = .033 ) . there was no statistically significant difference between the treated and the control group on mood after intervention , those persons with TBI who recounted higher levels of exercise per week also reported less depression and improved sleep , community participation , and overall quality of life ."
3776,Abstract #3776,"prophylaxis ( PrEP ) trials are evaluating regimens containing tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate ( TDF ) for HIV prevention . determined the baseline prevalence of low bone mineral density ( BMD ) and the effect of TDF on BMD in men who have sex with men ( MSM ) in a PrEP trial in San Francisco . evaluated 1 ) the prevalence of low BMD using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry ( DEXA ) in a baseline cohort of 210 HIV-uninfected MSM who screened for a randomized clinical trial of daily TDF vs. placebo , and 2 ) the effects of TDF on BMD in a longitudinal cohort of 184 enrolled men . began study drug after a 9-month delay to evaluate changes in risk behavior associated with pill-use . baseline , 20 participants ( 10 % ) had low BMD ( Z score-2 .0 at the L2-L4 spine , total hip , or femoral neck ) . BMD was associated with amphetamine ( OR = 5.86 , 95 % CI 1.70-20 .20 ) and inhalant ( OR = 4.57 , 95 % CI 1.32-15 .81 ) use ; men taking multivitamins , calcium , or vitamin D were less likely to have low BMD at baseline ( OR = 0.26 , 95 % CI 0.10-0 .71 ) . the longitudinal analysis , there was a 1.1 % net decrease in mean BMD in the TDF vs. the pre-treatment/placebo group at the femoral neck ( 95 % CI 0.4-1 .9 % ) , 0.8 % net decline at the total hip ( 95 % CI 0.3-1 .3 % ) , and 0.7 % at the L2-L4 spine ( 95 % CI -0.1 -1.5 % ) . 24 months , 13 % vs. 6 % of participants experienced > 5 % BMD loss at the femoral neck in the TDF vs. placebo groups ( p = 0.13 ) . percent of HIV-negative MSM had low BMD at baseline . use resulted in a small but statistically significant decline in BMD at the total hip and femoral neck . studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine the trajectory of BMD changes and any association with clinical fractures . : NCT00131677 ."
3777,Abstract #3777,"compare the efficacy of Crinone vaginal gel and intramuscular progesterone ( IMP ) for luteal phase support in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer ( IVF-ET ) with respect to pregnancy rates and outcomes , and to assess patient satisfaction with both products . randomized trial . IVF unit . under age 40 years with day-3 follicle-stimulating hormone levels < 15 mIU/mL undergoing their first , second , or third IVF cycles on gonadotropin releasing-hormone ( GnRH ) down-regulation protocols . phase supplementation with either Crinone vaginal gel or IMP ; phone survey regarding patient satisfaction with Crinone vaginal gel and IMP . rates , ongoing/delivered , failed pregnancy rates , and product satisfaction scores for patients supplemented with Crinone vaginal gel and with IMP . hundred sixty-eight patients were randomized , and 407 completed the study . patients were randomized on the day of oocyte retrieval to receive either Crinone vaginal gel or IMP for luteal phase support . , ongoing/delivered , and failed pregnancy rates were similar between the Crinone and IMP treatment arms ( OR [ 95 % CI ] : 1.2 [ 0.8 , 1.8 ] , 1.1 [ 0.8 , 1.7 ] , 1.0 [ 0.6 , 1.7 ] , respectively ) . a scale of 1 to 5 , patient satisfaction scores were statistically significantly higher with Crinone vaginal gel than with IMP ( 4.4 0.9 vs. 2.8 1.2 ) . vaginal gel and IMP are equally effective for luteal phase support in IVF , but Crinone is better tolerated by patients ."
3778,Abstract #3778,"investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of puerarin on the vascular active factors correlated to cerebral vasospasm ( CVS ) after aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage ( aSAH ) . patients with aSAH were randomly assigned to the puerarin group ( 30 cases ) and the control group ( 24 cases ) by lot . the basis of routine treatment , the patients in the puerarin group were intravenously dripped with 0.5 g puerarin by adding in 250 mL glucose injection once daily . injection was given starting from the 3rd day of the disease course , for 14 successive days . plasma levels of nitric oxide ( NO ) , endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) , thromboxane B , ( TXB2 ) , 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1alpha ( 6-K-PGF1alpha ) were compared between the two groups pre - and post-therapy . incidence of cerebral vasospasm ( CVS ) was observed using transcranial Doppler ( TCD ) . Glasgow outcome scale ( GOS ) were compared at discharge between the two groups . with the control group , the plasma levels of NO , ET-1 , and 6-K-PGF1alpha increased in the puerarin group ( P < 0.05 ) , the TXB2 level decreased ( P < 0.05 ) , the incidence of CVS decreased ( P < 0.05 ) , the mean MCA velocity increased ( P < 0.05 ) , and the GOS at discharge increased ( P < 0.05 ) . is an effective agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of the CVS in patients after aSAH . , it can improve the prognosis . mechanism might be correlated with improving the levels of the vascular active factors , i.e. , increasing the plasma levels of NO and PGl2 , decreasing TXA , in plasma , increasing the cerebral blood flow , and improving cerebral perfusion ."
3779,Abstract #3779,"a randomized trial , we compared the success of Burch retropubic urethropexy to the modified anterior colporrhaphy for the treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence . patients with stress incontinence were randomly assigned to undergo Burch retropubic urethropexy or modified anterior colporrhaphy . had preoperative and 1-year postoperative physical examinations , multichannel urodynamic testing , 20-minute pad test , and subjective grading of incontinence severity with questionnaires . were evaluated using Fisher exact test , Wilcoxon two-sample test , logistic regression analysis , and analysis of variance . cure 1 year postoperatively was significantly greater for the women treated by Burch retropubic urethropexy than by modified anterior colporrhaphy ( 16 of 18 [ 89 % ] versus five of 16 [ 31 % ] , relative risk .15 , 95 % confidence interval .04 , .59 ) . ' subjective ratings of incontinence severity 1 year after surgical treatment were significantly lower in women who had Burch retropubic urethropexy . retropubic urethropexy yields a significantly superior objective cure for genuine stress urinary incontinence than the modified anterior colporrhaphy in a randomized trial ."
3780,Abstract #3780,"is ample evidence that a subgroup of Parkinson 's disease patients who are treated with dopaminergic drugs develop certain behavioral addictions such as pathological gambling . fact that only a subgroup of these patients develops pathological gambling suggests an interaction between dopaminergic drug treatment and individual susceptibility factors . are potentially of genetic origin , since research in healthy subjects suggests that vulnerability for pathological gambling may be linked to variation in the dopamine receptor D4 ( DRD4 ) gene . a pharmacogenetic approach , we investigated how variation in this gene modulates the impact of dopaminergic stimulation on gambling behavior in healthy subjects . administered 300 mg of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( L-DOPA ) or placebo to 200 healthy male subjects who were all genotyped for their DRD4 polymorphism . played a gambling task 60 minutes after L-DOPA administration . considering genetic information , L-DOPA administration did not lead to an increase in gambling propensity compared with placebo . expected , however , an individual 's DRD4 polymorphism accounted for variation in gambling behavior after the administration of L-DOPA . who carry at least one copy of the 7-repeat allele showed an increased gambling propensity after dopaminergic stimulation . findings demonstrate that genetic variation in the DRD4 gene determines an individual 's gambling behavior in response to a dopaminergic drug challenge . may have implications for the treatment of Parkinson 's disease patients by offering a genotype approach for determining individual susceptibilities for pathological gambling and may also afford insights into the vulnerability mechanisms underlying addictive behavior ."
3781,Abstract #3781,"deprivation therapy leads to a number of adverse effects including deterioration of the musculoskeletal system and increased risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic complications . purpose of this study is to determine the effects , efficacy , retention and compliance of a physical exercise intervention in a large established cohort of prostate cancer patients from the Randomised Androgen Deprivation and Radiotherapy ( RADAR ) study . , we aim to compare short - and long-term effects of a prostate cancer-specific supervised exercise program to a standard public health physical activity strategy utilizing printed resources on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors . primary outcomes are cardiorespiratory capacity , abdominal obesity , and lipid and glycemic control , while secondary outcomes include self-reported physical activity , quality of life and psychological distress . randomized controlled trial of 370 men from the RADAR study cohort undergoing treatment or previously treated for prostate cancer involving androgen deprivation therapy in the cities of Perth and Newcastle ( Australia ) , and Wellington ( New Zealand ) . will be randomized to ( 1 ) supervised resistance/aerobic exercise or ( 2 ) printed material comprising general physical activity recommendations . will then undergo progressive training for 6 months . for primary and secondary endpoints will take place at baseline , 6 months ( end of intervention ) , and at 6 months follow-up . study uses a large existent cohort of patients and will generate valuable information as to the continuing effects of exercise specifically targeting cardiovascular function and disease risk , insulin metabolism , abdominal obesity , physical function , quality of life and psychological distress . expect dissemination of the knowledge gained from this project to reduce risk factors for the development of co-morbid diseases commonly associated with androgen deprivation therapy such as cardiovascular disease , obesity , metabolic disease and diabetes , as well as improvements in physical and functional ability , and quality of life . ."
3782,Abstract #3782,"compare postoperative analgesia and side effects of intramuscular ketorolac , intravenous fentanyl , and oral piroxicam on healthy women undergoing laparoscopic surgery . study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial of three analgesic drugs . initial 100-micrograms dose of fentanyl was given at induction , with 25-micrograms boluses after 45 and 90 minutes of operating time . , 40 mg , and ketorolac , 60 mg , were administered 90 and 30 minutes before induction , respectively . subjects were included in the analysis . patients ( N = 29 ) spent significantly less time in the recovery room ( median 96 minutes ) than those receiving fentanyl ( N = 27 ) ( median 121 minutes ; P < .01 ) or piroxicam ( N = 28 ) ( median 124 minutes ; P < .01 ) or a verbal descriptive scale , more fentanyl patients ( 38 % ) experienced moderate pain at discharge than ketorolac ( 11 % ; P < .05 ) or piroxicam ( 4 % ; P < .01 ) patients . incidence of measured side effects did not differ significantly between groups . ketorolac was associated with shorter recovery room stays while providing analgesia equal to intravenous fentanyl or the oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug piroxicam ."
3783,Abstract #3783,"randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled clinical trial tested whether oral insulin administration could delay or prevent type 1 diabetes in nondiabetic relatives at risk for diabetes . screened 103,391 first - and second-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes and analyzed 97,273 samples for islet cell antibodies . total of 3,483 were antibody positive ; 2,523 underwent genetic , immunological , and metabolic staging to quantify risk of developing diabetes ; 388 had a 5-year risk projection of 26-50 % ; and 372 ( median age 10.25 years ) were randomly assigned to oral insulin ( 7.5 mg/day ) or placebo . glucose tolerance tests were performed every 6 months . median follow-up was 4.3 years , and the primary end point was diagnosis of diabetes . was diagnosed in 44 oral insulin and 53 placebo subjects . rate of diabetes was similar in both groups : 6.4 % with oral insulin and 8.2 % with placebo ( hazard ratio 0.764 , P = 0.189 ) . a hypothesis-generating analysis of a subgroup with insulin autoantibody ( IAA ) levels confirmed ( on two occasions ) > or = 80 nU/ml ( n = 263 ) , there was the suggestion of benefit : annualized diabetes rate 6.2 % with oral insulin and 10.4 % with placebo ( 0.566 , P = 0.015 ) . is possible to identify individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes and to enroll them in a large , multisite , randomized , controlled clinical trial . , oral insulin did not delay or prevent type 1 diabetes . studies are needed to explore the potential role of oral insulin in delaying diabetes in relatives similar to those in the subgroup with higher IAA levels ."
3784,Abstract #3784,"determine whether a three day burst of a potent corticosteroid is more effective than a mild preparation used for seven days in children with mild or moderate atopic eczema . , double blind , parallel group study of 18 weeks ' duration . general practices and a teaching hospital in the Nottingham area . children with mild or moderate atopic eczema recruited from general practices and 33 from a hospital outpatient clinic . % betamethasone valerate applied for three days followed by the base ointment for four days versus 1 % hydrocortisone applied for seven days . outcomes were total number of scratch-free days and number of relapses . outcomes were median duration of relapses , number of undisturbed nights , disease severity ( six area , six sign atopic dermatitis severity scale ) , scores on two quality of life measures ( children 's life quality index and dermatitis family impact questionnaire ) , and number of patients in whom treatment failed in each arm . differences were found between the two groups . was consistent for all outcomes . median number of scratch-free days was 118.0 for the mild group and 117.5 for the potent group ( difference 0.5 , 95 % confidence interval -2.0 to 4.0 , P = 0.53 ) . median number of relapses for both groups was 1.0 . groups showed clinically important improvements in disease severity and quality of life compared with baseline . short burst of a potent topical corticosteroid is just as effective as prolonged use of a milder preparation for controlling mild or moderate atopic eczema in children ."
3785,Abstract #3785,"of diabetes is frequently suboptimal in primary care settings , where providers often fail to intensify therapy when glucose levels are high , a problem known as clinical inertia . asked whether interventions targeting clinical inertia can improve outcomes . controlled trial over a 3-year period was conducted in a municipal hospital primary care clinic in a large academic medical center . studied all patients ( 4,138 ) with type 2 diabetes who were seen in continuity clinics by 345 internal medicine residents and were randomized to be control subjects or to receive one of three interventions . of consultative advice , the interventions were hard copy computerized reminders that provided patient-specific recommendations for management at the time of each patient 's visit , individual face-to-face feedback on performance for 5 min every 2 weeks , or both . an average patient follow-up of 15 months within the intervention site , improvements in and final HbA1c ( A1C ) with feedback + reminders ( deltaA1C 0.6 % , final A1C 7.46 % ) were significantly better than control ( deltaA1C 0.2 % , final A1C 7.84 % , P < 0.02 ) ; changes were smaller with feedback only and reminders only ( P = NS vs. control ) . were similar but not significant with systolic blood pressure ( sBP ) and LDL cholesterol . analysis showed that the feedback intervention independently facilitated attainment of American Diabetes Association goals for both A1C and sBP . a 2-year period , overall glycemic control improved in the intervention site but did not change in other primary care sites ( final A1C 7.5 vs. 8.2 % , P < 0.001 ) . on performance aimed at overcoming clinical inertia and given to internal medicine resident primary care providers improves glycemic control . generalists with diabetes specialists may be important to enhance diabetes management in other primary care settings ."
3786,Abstract #3786,"A ( CsA ) - treated renal transplant recipients ( RTR ) exhibit relative hyperhomocystinemia and vascular dysfunction . supplementation lowers homocysteine and has been shown to improve vascular function in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease . aim of this study was to assess the effects of 3 months of folate supplementation ( 5 mg/day ) on vascular function and structure in RTR . double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted in 10 CsA-treated RTR . structure was measured as carotid artery intima media thickness ( IMT ) and function was assessed as changes in brachial artery diameter during reactive hyperemia ( RH ) and in response to glyceryl trinitrate ( GTN ) . data were analyzed as absolute and percent change from baseline and area under the diameter/time curve . samples were collected before and after supplementation and analyzed for total plasma homocysteine , folate , vitamin B12 and asymmetric dimethyl arginine ( ADMA ) in addition to regular measures of hemoglobin , hematocrit , mean corpuscular volume ( MCV ) and serum creatinine . supplementation significantly increased plasma folate by 687 % ( p < 0.005 ) and decreased homocysteine by 37 % ( p < 0.05 ) with no changes ( p > 0.05 ) in vitamin B12 or ADMA . were no significant ( p > 0.05 ) changes in vascular structure or function during the placebo or the folate supplementation phases ; IMT ; placebo pre mean + / - SD , 0.52 + / - 0.12 , post 0.50 + / - 0.11 ; folate pre 0.55 + / - 0.17 , post 0.49 + / - 0.20 mm , 5 % change in brachial artery diameter ( RH , placebo pre 10 + / - 8 , post 6 + / - 5 ; folate pre 9 + / - 7 , post 7 + / - 5 ; GTN , placebo pre 18 + / - 10 , post 17 + / - 9 , folate pre 16 + / - 9 , post-supplementation 18 + / - 8 ) . months of folate supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine but has no effect on endothelial function or carotid artery IMT in RTR ."
3787,Abstract #3787,"purpose was to determine the effectiveness of sexually transmitted disease ( STD ) clinic-initiated contraceptive care . women ( n = 877 ) attending an urban STD clinic using either no contraception or only condoms were randomly assigned to either an intervention ( n = 437 ) or control group ( n = 440 ) . groups received condoms with spermicide and a referral list of primary care providers ( PCP ) for ongoing reproductive health care , and the intervention group also received enhanced contraceptive counseling , initial provision of contraception , and facilitated referral to a PCP . measured at 4 - , 8 - , and 12-month follow-up were transition to a PCP , effective contraceptive use ( ECU ) , interval pregnancy , and STD . median time to PCP transition was 79 days for the intervention group versus 115 days for the control group ( P = .007 ) . of ECU were higher for the intervention group than for control group at the 4-month visit ( 50 % vs 22 % , P < .0001 ) as well as the 8-month visit , although in the intervention group ECU diminished over the course of the study . follow-up , pregnancy outcomes were documented for 229 women ( 26.1 % ) , for an overall pregnancy rate of 38.2 per 100 person-years of follow-up . the 159 pregnancies defined by patient self-report , 153 ( 96.2 % ) were described as unintended and 32 ( 20 % ) resulted in a therapeutic abortion . pregnancy rate was 15 % lower in the intervention ( 105/437 , 24.0 % ) than the control group ( 124/440 , 28.2 % ) ( P = .16 ) , but this difference was not statistically significant . intervention helped women transition to a PCP and initiate ECU but did not significantly reduce the pregnancy rate . intensive interventions are needed to prevent unintended pregnancy in this high-risk population ."
3788,Abstract #3788,"randomized , multicenter study compares the analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol/acetaminophen versus hydrocodone/acetaminophen versus placebo for the treatment of acute musculoskeletal pain caused by ankle sprain . were enrolled with ankle sprain with a diagnosis of partial ligament tear , pain visual analog scale score of 50 to 100 mm ( 0 = `` no pain , '' 100 = `` extreme pain '' ) , and pain numeric rating scale score of 2 to 3 ( 0 = `` none , '' 3 = `` severe '' ) . reported pain intensity on these scales and pain relief ( -1 = `` pain worse , '' 4 = `` complete relief '' ) hourly for 4 hours after the first dose of tramadol/acetaminophen 75 mg/650 mg , hydrocodone/acetaminophen 7.5 mg/650 mg , or placebo , and daily for 5 days , with as-needed dosing . ( n = 192 ) and hydrocodone/acetaminophen ( n = 204 ) provided greater total pain relief than placebo ( n = 207 ; P < .001 ) during the first 4 hours ( mean scores [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ] 6.6 [ 95 % CI 6.1 to 7.1 ] , 6.8 [ 95 % CI 6.3 to 7.3 ] , and 5.4 [ 95 % CI 4.9 to 5.9 ] , respectively ; possible range -4 to 16 ) , decreased pain intensity during the first 4 hours , and increased average pain relief on days 1 to 5 . efficacy measure was significantly different between the tramadol/acetaminophen and hydrocodone/acetaminophen groups . adverse events included somnolence , nausea , dizziness , and vomiting . or 2 capsules of 37.5 mg tramadol/325 mg acetaminophen and 1 capsule of 7.5 mg hydrocodone/650 mg acetaminophen were well tolerated , had comparable clinical utility , and were more effective than placebo in the management of acute musculoskeletal pain caused by ankle sprain ."
3789,Abstract #3789,"survivors often have permanent deficits that are only partially addressed by physical therapy . study evaluated the effects of dalfampridine , a potassium channel blocker , on persistent sensorimotor deficits in rats with treatment initiated 4 or 8 weeks after stroke . underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion . function was measured using limb-placing and body-swing symmetry tests , which normally show a partial recovery from initial deficits that plateaus 4 weeks after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion . was administered starting at 4 or 8 weeks after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in 2 blinded , vehicle-controlled studies . samples were collected and brain tissue was processed for histologic assessment . treatment ( 0.5-2 .0 mg/kg ) improved forelimb - and hindlimb-placing responses and body-swing symmetry in a reversible and dose-dependent manner . dalfampridine concentrations correlated with dose . infarct volumes showed no differences between treatment groups . improves sensorimotor function in the rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model . extended-release tablets ( prolonged release fampridine outside the United States ) are used to improve walking in patients with multiple sclerosis , and these preclinical data provide a strong rationale for examining the potential of dalfampridine to treat chronic stable deficits in stroke patients . . identifier : NCT01605825 ."
3790,Abstract #3790,"purposes of this study were : ( 1 ) to examine the efficacy of anorectal biofeedback ( AB ) for constipation compared to a biofeedback control ( BC ) treatment and ( 2 ) to examine the extent to which self-reported childhood sexual/physical abuse predicted biofeedback outcome . patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia were randomized to either ( 1 ) an AB arm , where patients learned to isolate the anal sphincter using an electromyography probe , or ( 2 ) a BC arm that controlled for the nonspecific effects of biofeedback , where patients learned to relax trapezius or temporalis muscles with EMG feedback . treatments were delivered by registered nurses for six sessions . to randomization and post-treatment , patients completed the validated Constipation Severity Instrument and two measures of quality of life ( QOL ) , the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-QOL , and the SF-36 . estimating equations examined the within-group and between-group differences over time . - and post-treatment data were obtained for six AB and nine BC patients . patients ' overall constipation severity scores decreased by 35.5 % ( vs. 15.3 % ) , and their obstructive defecation symptom scores decreased by 37.9 % ( vs. 19.7 % ) compared to BC . similar pattern was shown on the IBS-QOL . the SF-36 Mental Health Composite ( MCS ) , AB scores improved 28.0 % compared to BC scores , which worsened 12.7 % . without ( vs. with ) a childhood sexual/physical abuse history showed improvement on the MCS post-biofeedback . our sample was statistically underpowered , AB produced clinical improvements in constipation severity and QOL ."
3791,Abstract #3791,"purpose of our study was to determine the optimal scan delays required for hepatic arterial and portal venous phase imaging and for the detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas ( HCCs ) in contrast-enhanced MDCT of the liver using a bolus-tracking program . images ( 2.5-mm collimation , 5-mm thickness with no intersectional gap ) detected an increase in the CT value of 50 H in the lower thoracic aorta . images were obtained after an IV bolus injection of 2 mL/kg of nonionic iodine contrast material ( 300 mg I/mL ) at 4 mL/s in 171 patients , who were prospectively randomized into three groups with scans commencing at 5 , 20 , and 45 seconds ; 10 , 25 , and 50 seconds ; and 15 , 30 , and 55 seconds for the first ( acquisition time : 4.3 seconds ) , second ( 4.3 seconds ) , and third ( 9.1 seconds ) phases , respectively , after a bolus-tracking program . values of the aorta , spleen , proximal portal veins , liver parenchyma , and hepatic veins were measured . in CT values from unenhanced to contrast-enhanced CT were assessed using a contrast enhancement index ( CEI ) . and HCC-to-liver contrasts were also assessed . qualitative degree of contrast enhancement in each organ was prospectively assessed by two independent radiologists . 10-15 seconds , the CEI of the aorta reached 300-336 H and that of the spleen reached 97-108 H without significant enhancement of liver parenchyma ( 15-25 H ) . CEI of the proximal portal veins moderately increased ( 75-104 H ) at 10-15 seconds , but no significant enhancement of hepatic veins was observed ( 24-51 H ) . CEI of liver parenchyma peaked ( 59-63 H ) at 45-55 seconds , when the CEIs of the aorta ( 117-125 H ) and spleen ( 73-82 H ) decreased . contrast ( 81-84 H ) was highest at 10-20 seconds and HCC-to-liver contrast ( 39-44 H ) was highest at 10-15 seconds . qualitative results correlated well with quantitative results . optimal scan delays for hepatic arterial and portal venous phases after the bolus-tracking program detected threshold enhancement by 50 H in the lower thoracic aorta for the detection of hypervascular HCCs were 10-15 and 45-55 seconds , respectively ."
3792,Abstract #3792,"stanols have been recommended in combination with individualized dietary interventions to reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations . is unclear whether plant stanols in combination with dietary guidance in patients already using optimal doses of statins will further reduce fasting and postprandial lipids compared with standard care . single-blind , randomized study investigated the effect of plant stanols in margarines , combined with a lipid-lowering dietary intervention , in patients already on lipid-lowering medications at maximal doses not reaching their target lipid levels . education was based on the stages of change theory . control group ( which served as the standard care control group ) was also taking optimal doses of statins . group received a margarine without plant stanols and a leaflet with Dutch nutrition guidelines . lipids were measured once in venous samples and postprandial lipemia was assessed by self-measured triglycerides in an outpatient setting . subjects were given a capillary triglyceride measuring device ( Accutrend GCT , Roche Diagnostics , Mannheim , Germany ) and were instructed to measure their capillary triglycerides at six fixed time-points throughout the day on three different days . mean area under the triglyceride curve represented total daylong triglyceridemia , which has been shown to reflect postprandial triglyceridemia . patients were included , 11 in the intervention group and 9 in the control group . the plant stanol group , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly by 15.6 % compared with a reduction of only 7.7 % in the control group . daylong triglyceridemia was similar in both groups at the beginning and at the end of the study , and no change was observed by the intervention . dietary intervention with addition of plant stanols results in clinically relevant reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients optimally treated with statins , compared with similar patients on statins receiving only standard care . use of a plant stanol-enriched margarine did not decrease postprandial triglyceridemia in these patients ."
3793,Abstract #3793,"compare the diagnostic accuracy of internet-based virtual microscopy with conventional light microscopy , in the context of renal biopsies assessed by participants in the UK National Renal Pathology External Quality Assessment ( EQA ) Scheme . Virtual slides ' of current EQA cases were made available over the internet to participants in the scheme . approach permitted what may reasonably be described as a randomized controlled trial of the diagnostic accuracy of this mode of telepathology , in the context of renal pathology . significant difference in diagnostic accuracy could be detected between the diagnoses proffered on the basis of virtual slides and conventional slides ; but using virtual slides took pathologists considerably longer . result provides some encouragement for the implementation of such virtual slide-based telepathology systems . , in failing to detect a difference , equivalence of diagnostic accuracy has not been proved ; nor has the relevance of this result to other fields of histopathology been demonstrated . decision to implement a diagnostic telepathology system requires consideration of numerous factors beyond diagnostic accuracy , including financial , legal , professional and ethical issues ."
3794,Abstract #3794,"to normal subjects hypertensive patients have an increased radial artery isobaric distensibility , contrasting with a decrease in elasticity of large arteries and systemic compliance . address the question whether elasticity is increased in response to long-standing elevated blood pressure or is present at an early stage of the disease , we compared normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents with control subjects . , enhanced sympathetic response to mental stress was demonstrated in individuals predisposed to hypertension and might contribute to the elevation of blood pressure via a peripheral mechanism . , an abnormal vasoconstrictive response of the radial artery to psychological stress was sought in these subjects . geometry and the elastic porperties of the radial artery were assessed in normotensive offspring of hypertensive and normotensiven parents at baseline and during mental stress . high-precision echo-tracking ultrasound device was combined with photoplethysmography for continuous measurement of radial artery diameter and isobaric distensibility in 18 normotensive offspring of parents with essential hypertension and 18 control subjects under resting conditions and during a 3-minute mental stress test . arterial distensibility and compliance were comparable in offspring of hypertensive and normotensive parents . mental stress , blood pressure and heart rate increased similarly in both groups . activation did not alter the elastic properties of the radial artery in the individuals with a genetic predisposition to essential hypertension . was no alteration in elastic properties of the radial artery in normotensiven individuals at genetic risk to develop arterial hypertension . , mental stress did not abnormally increase the vascular tone of this medium-sized muscular artery in these subjects as compared to controls . indicates that functional and/or structural vascular alterations do not precede a distinct rise in blood pressure or abnormal blood pressure reactivity in subjects prone to develop essential hypertension ."
3795,Abstract #3795,"occupations are more prone to low back pain ( LBP ) due to their static work postures and work place design . pain programs have shown their effectiveness in the management of LBP in general population but which treatment and which segment of the population will be benefited more was not investigated yet . study determines the effect of two treatment protocols on five occupationally subgrouped male LBP patients . total of 102 occupational male , 20-40 yrs of age , with sub-acute or chronic nonspecific LBP were randomized and treated either with conventional treatment a combination of two electrotherapy ( ultrasound and short wave diathermy ) and one exercise therapy ( lumbar strengthening exercises ) or dynamic muscular stabilization techniques ( DMST ) an active approach of stabilizing training . the end of the treatment , subjects of both the groups were further stratified in five subgroups on the basis of their occupation . pain was the primary outcome measure while physical strength [ back pressure changes ( BPC ) and abdominal pressure changes ( APC ) ] the secondary . Pain , BPC and APC of all subgroups improved significantly ( P < 0.01 ) in the both treatments but more in DMST . each variable , improvement in subgroups differed within and between the treatments . improvement in all assessed variables were evident on Desk workers followed by Shop keepers the most while BPC of Movement job , APC of Others and Pain of Sedentary and Shop keepers improved the least . concluded that for the management of occupational LBP , DMST is more effective than conventional treatment . Pain of Sedentary and Shopkeepers and physical strength of Movement job and Others may need more clinical attention . of this study may be helpful in the management of occupational LBP ."
3796,Abstract #3796,"total shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty have been used commonly to treat severe osteoarthritis of the shoulder ; however , their effect on disease-specific quality-of-life outcome is unknown . purpose of this study was to compare the quality-of-life outcome following hemiarthroplasty with that following total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis of the shoulder . patients with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the shoulder were randomized to receive a hemiarthroplasty or a total shoulder arthroplasty . patient died , and all others were evaluated preoperatively and at six weeks and three , six , twelve , eighteen , and twenty-four months postoperatively with use of a standardized format including a disease-specific quality-of-life measurement tool ( Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder [ WOOS ] index ) , general shoulder rating scales ( University of California at Los Angeles [ UCLA ] shoulder scale , Constant score , and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ ASES ] evaluation form ) , general pain scales ( McGill pain score and visual analogue scale ) , and a global health measure ( Short Form-36 [ SF-36 ] ) . a patient required revision of a hemiarthroplasty to a total shoulder arthroplasty , the last score before he or she `` crossed over '' was used for the analysis . improvements in disease-specific quality of life were seen two years after both the total shoulder arthroplasties and the hemiarthroplasties . were no significant differences in quality of life ( WOOS score ) between the group treated with total shoulder arthroplasty and that treated with hemiarthroplasty ( 90.6 + / - 13.2 and 81.5 + / - 24.1 points , respectively ; p = 0.18 ) . other outcome measures demonstrated similar findings . patients in the hemiarthroplasty group crossed over to the other group by undergoing a revision to a total shoulder arthroplasty because of glenoid arthrosis . total shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty improve disease-specific and general quality-of-life measurements . the small number of patients in our study , we found no significant differences in these measurements between the two treatment groups . Level I."
3797,Abstract #3797,"care physicians ( PCPs ) are uniquely positioned to detect melanoma . educational interventions targeted at PCPs may improve early melanoma detection . previous in-person Basic Skin Cancer Triage ( BSCT ) 2-hour course demonstrated significant short-term improvement in provider practices , attitudes , ability , confidence , and knowledge . conducted a randomized trial to test the efficacy of the BSCT course implemented as a web-based learning program , compared to a similar ( control ) web-based course on weight assessment . recruited a sample of 57 PCPs and 3,341 of their patients from four geographically diverse centers . cancer control activities by PCPs were assessed by physician survey and by chart review and patient telephone interview about their recent visit to their PCP at baseline and at 1 -- 2 months and 12 months after course completion . effect of intervention on skin cancer parameters was self-reported by physicians ; this was not confirmed by patient survey or chart-extracted data . of skin cancer control practices by PCPs were low across both groups before and after intervention . positive changes in physician-reported behaviors ( total body skin examination [ TBSE ] ) , intentions ( discuss skin cancer detection ) , confidence ( performing TBSE ) , office practices , and knowledge ( 58 % skin versus 49 % control ) were neither matched by differences in practice reported by their patients , nor persisted in a longer term follow-up , hence may be attributable to physician recall bias due to the experience of the course or desire to please study investigators and were less dramatic as compared to our previously reported in-person BSCT intervention . this approach by itself appears unlikely to result in improved PCP handling of skin cancer issues . previous success with our in-person course , the features required to make WBL a more effective tool for medical education must be further explored ."
3798,Abstract #3798,"evaluate the heating and magnetic field interactions of fixed orthodontic appliances with different wires and ligaments in a 3-T MRI environment and to estimate the safety of these orthodontic materials . non-carious extracted human maxillary teeth were embedded in polyvinyl chloride boxes , and orthodontic brackets were bonded . and stainless steel arch wires , and elastic and stainless steel ligaments were used to obtain four experimental groups in total . were evaluated at 3T for radiofrequency heating and magnetic field interactions . heating was evaluated by placing specimens in a cylindrical plastic container filled with isotonic solution and measuring changes in temperature after T1 weighted axial sequencing and after completion of all sequences . attraction and torque values of specimens were also evaluated . ANOVA test was used to compare continuous variables of temperature change . was set at p < 0.05 . of the groups exhibited excessive heating ( highest temperature change : < 3.04 C ) , with the maximum increase in temperature observed at the end of the T1 weighted axial sequence . field interactions changed depending on the material used . the brackets presented minor interactions that would not cause movement in situ , nickel-titanium and stainless steel wires presented great interactions that may pose a risk for the patient . temperature changes of the specimens were considered to be within acceptable ranges . regard to magnetic field interactions , brackets can be considered `` MR safe '' ; however , it would be safe to replace the wires before MRI ."
3799,Abstract #3799,"Malawi , there has been a return of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine ( CQ ) since sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ( SP ) replaced CQ as first line treatment for uncomplicated malaria . used for prophylaxis , Amodiaquine ( AQ ) was associated with agranulocytosis but is considered safe for treatment and is increasingly being used in Africa . we compare the efficacy , safety and selection of resistance using SP or CQ+SP or artesunate ( ART ) + SP or AQ+SP for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria . children aged 1-5 years were recruited into a double-blinded randomised trial comparing SP to the three combination therapies . intention to treat analysis with missing outcomes treated as successes , and without adjustment to distinguish recrudescence from new infections , the day 28 adequate clinical and parasitological response ( ACPR ) rate for SP was 25 % , inferior to each of the three combination therapies ( p < 0.001 ) . had an ACPR rate of 97 % , higher than CQ+SP ( 81 % ) and ART+SP ( 70 % ) , p < 0.001 . children developed a neutropenia of < / = 0.5 x10 ( 3 ) cells/microl by day 14 , more commonly after AQ+SP ( p = 0.03 ) . mutation pfcrt 76T , associated with CQ resistance , was detected in none of the pre-treatment or post-treatment parasites . prevalence of the pfmdr1 86Y mutation was higher after treatment with AQ+SP than after SP , p = 0.002 . combination AQ+SP was highly efficacious , despite the low efficacy of SP alone ; however , we found evidence that AQ may exert selective pressure for resistance associated mutations many weeks after treatment . study confirms the return of CQ sensitivity in Malawi and importantly , shows no evidence of the re-emergence of pfcrt 76T after treatment with CQ or AQ . the safety record of AQ when used as a prophylaxis , our observations of marked falls in neutrophil counts in the AQ+SP group requires further scrutiny . . ISRCTN22075368 ."
3800,Abstract #3800,"assess the effect of an electronic health record-based transitional care intervention involving automated alerts to primary care providers and staff when older adults were discharged from the hospital . controlled trial . multispecialty group practice . aged 65 and older discharged from hospital to home . addition to notifying primary care providers about the individual 's recent discharge , the system provided information about new drugs added during the inpatient stay , warnings about drug-drug interactions , recommendations for dose changes and laboratory monitoring of high-risk medications , and alerts to the primary care provider 's support staff to schedule a posthospitalization office visit . outpatient office visit with a primary care provider after discharge and rehospitalization within 30 days after discharge . the 1,870 discharges in the intervention group , 27.7 % had an office visit with a primary care provider within 7 days of discharge . the 1,791 discharges in the control group , 28.3 % had an office visit with a primary care provider within 7 days of discharge . the intervention group , 18.8 % experienced a rehospitalization within the 30-day period after discharge , compared with 19.9 % in the control group . hazard ratio for an office visit with a primary care physician did not significantly differ between the intervention and control groups . hazard ratio for rehospitalization in the 30-day period after hospital discharge in the intervention versus the control group was 0.94 ( 95 % confidence interval = 0.81-1 .1 ) . electronic health record-based intervention did not have a significant effect on the timeliness of office visits to primary care providers after hospitalization or risk of rehospitalization ."
3801,Abstract #3801,"glycaemia and lipaemia are known risk factors for atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes . activation in the postprandial state also contributes to acceleration of atherosclerosis . is effective in reducing postprandial glycaemia . effect on glycaemia may also be beneficial in postprandial lipaemia and coagulation . aim of this study was to examine the potential effect of a single dose of nateglinide on postprandial triglyceridaemia , coagulation , and fibrinolysis in patients with type 2 diabetes . subjects with type 2 diabetes , treated with diet alone were recruited in a crossover randomized study . the morning , after a 12 - to 14-h fast , each subject received a standard mixed meal ( total energy 783 kcal ) , preceded by one tablet of 120 mg nateglinide or placebo . blood samples were drawn prior to meal consumption and 6h afterwards for the measurement of plasma glucose , insulin , and C-peptide , lipids , coagulation , and fibrinolysis factors . expected , there was a significant reduction in postprandial glycaemia after nateglinide administration compared to placebo ( P < 0.001 ) . insulin levels were significantly higher after nateglinide than after placebo ( P = 0.002 ) . administration resulted in a lower overall postprandial reduction of tissue-plasminogen activator than placebo ( -2.9 + / -1.3 vs. -8.3 + / -3.7 ng/ml h , P = 0.003 ) . addition , a significant reduction of postprandial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was observed in comparison with the baseline values after nateglinide ( P = 0.001 ) , although the overall response was not significantly different after nateglinide and placebo ( P = 0.31 ) . concentrations of C-peptide , lipids and the remaining coagulation parameters studied were not different between nateglinide and placebo . nateglinide administration improves postprandial glycaemia and fibrinolytic activity in patients with type 2 diabetes . combined effect , if confirmed by a long-treatment study , might reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes ."
3802,Abstract #3802,"therapy in idiopathic membranous nephropathy ( iMN ) is debated . identification of patients at high risk for end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) allows early start of therapy in these patients . is unknown if early start of therapy is more effective and/or less toxic than late start ( i.e. when GFR deteriorates ) . conducted a randomized open-label study in patients with iMN , a normal renal function and a high risk for ESRD ( urinary beta2m > 0.5 microg/min , UIgG > 125 mg/day ) . started with immunosuppressive therapy ( cyclophosphamide for 12 months , and steroids ) either immediately after randomization or when renal function deteriorated ( DeltasCr > or = +25 % and sCr > 135 micromol/l or DeltasCr > or = +50 % ) . points were remission rates , duration of the nephrotic syndrome ( NS ) , renal function and complications . study included 26 patients ( 24 M/2 F ) , age 48 + / - 12 years ; sCr 96 micromol/l ( range 68-126 ) and median proteinuria 10.0 g/10 mmol Cr . treatment resulted in a more rapid onset of remission ( P = 0.003 ) and a shorter duration of the NS ( P = 0.009 ) . , at the end of the follow-up ( 72 + / - 22 m ) , there were no differences in overall remission rate , sCr ( 93 versus 105 micromol/l ) , proteinuria , relapse rate and adverse events . high-risk patients with iMN , immunosuppressive treatment is effective in inducing a remission . treatment shortens the duration of the nephrotic phase , but does not result in better preservation of renal function . study indicates that treatment decisions must be based on risk and benefit assessment in the individual patient ."
3803,Abstract #3803,"compare an operative and postoperative course of open vaginal cuff hysterectomy and closed vaginal cuff hysterectomy , and to correlate the length of stay , febrile morbidity and the incidence of pelvic fluid collections to the type of surgery . women scheduled for hysterectomy were prospectively randomized into two groups that underwent either a closed or an open vaginal cuff technique . open vaginal cuff technique took on average 19 % more time than the closed vaginal cuff operation ( P < 0.05 , t-test ) . incidence and size of pelvic fluid collections was significantly higher after the closed vaginal cuff hysterectomy than after the open technique ( P < 0.01 , t-test ) . , the postoperative length of stay , febrile morbidity and the rate of complications were similar . techniques of hysterectomy produced a similar postoperative course despite the fact that the closed vaginal cuff technique resulted in a higher incidence of pelvic fluid collections . considering a shorter operation time for the closed vaginal cuff hysterectomy , this technique seems slightly preferable ."
3804,Abstract #3804,"regarding the global effects of alcohol are influential aspects of drinking behavior that can vary by type of beverage consumed . in the research literature is a thorough investigation of how expected effects and subjective evaluations of specific positive ( e.g. , increased sociability , relaxation ) and specific negative ( e.g. , impairment , aggression ) expectancy effects vary by different types of alcoholic beverages . present between-subjects study used a sample of 498 young adults randomized to complete a measure of alcohol expectancies based on one of three alcohol-type conditions ( beer , wine , distilled spirits ) . also indicated the typical amount consumed of the beverage . multivariate analysis of variance tests were run to determine if differences existed among the three conditions for positive and negative expected effects and subjective evaluations . suggested that individuals may expect different effects from consuming different types of alcoholic beverages . expressed more agreement that wine would have relaxation effects and rated this effect more positively . expressed more disagreement that beer or shots would have effects on sexuality and rated sexuality effects more positively for wine . reported less agreement that wine would have impairing effects , as well as more disagreement that wine would affect risk , aggression , and self-perception . effects of wine were also viewed less negatively than other condition beverages . suggest that individuals may hold different beliefs about the effects of wine , compared with beer and shots of distilled spirits . and interventions targeting general alcohol expectancies may miss important between-beverage differences in perceived effects and subjective evaluations regarding alcohol 's effects ."
3805,Abstract #3805,"implantable venous access ports are widely accepted in cancer patient treatment , but withdrawal occlusion ( WO ) can hamper the use of the device . newly designed Vortex VX port , with a tangential outlet , should allow better clearance of the chamber , thereby reducing occlusion of the device . present study compared the Vortex port to the classically shaped Celsite port with regards to functional complications . hundred cancer patients were included in a prospective , randomised controlled trial and randomly assigned to the implantation of a Vortex or a Celsite port . details such as used vein , catheter tip position and infusion or aspiration abilities were recorded . were collected concerning ease of access , and functional evaluation was performed each time the port was accessed , regarding the ability to infuse fluids with a syringe and to withdraw blood by measuring the filling time of a Vacutainer blood tube . patients received a Celsite port , and 101 had a Vortex port . variables and insertion details were comparable in both groups . functional complications , including WO , total occlusion , sluggish inflow and sluggish withdrawal , were higher in the Celsite group ( 16.12 % ) than in the Vortex group ( 11.36 % ) . difference was not statistically significant . study revealed that functional problems occurred less frequently in Vortex compared to Celsite ports . were small and not significant , which indicates that functional problems may be related to other factors ."
3806,Abstract #3806,"evaluate histological findings in human immature permanent premolars scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons , in which mechanical pulp exposures were capped with white ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ( WMTA ) or calcium hydroxide ( CH ) . human immature premolars in 23 patients ( age 10-18 years ) were randomly treated with WMTA or CH . rubber dam isolation Cl I cavities were prepared and the pulps exposed . hemostasis the pulps were capped with either material . preparations were restored using an acid etch , bonding agent , flowable composite and composite resin technique . teeth were extracted after 47 to 609 days and processed for routine histological examination , stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Brown and Brenn for recognition of bacteria . analyses of inflammation , bridge formation and bacterial leakage were performed using a Chi-square test and ANOVA . of 48 teeth were suitable for microscopic evaluation , 30 with WMTA , 14 with CH . the WMTA group , 29 teeth were vital , 28 had formed a bridge , and one specimen had failed . of 14 teeth with CH were vital , while three teeth failed to form a bridge . statistically significant differences between WMTA and CH were found , except for superficial and deep inflammatory cell response ( P < or = 0.05 ) . capping of intentionally exposed human immature premolars performed slightly better when using MTA ."
3807,Abstract #3807,"administered prednisolone and dexamethasone are used commonly in the treatment of recurrent airway obstruction ( RAO ) in horses . , the efficacy of prednisolone in improving pulmonary function during continuous antigen exposure has not been evaluated critically and there is little evidence supporting the efficacy of low-dose oral dexamethasone in the same conditions . prednisolone and dexamethasone improve pulmonary function in RAO under conditions of continuous antigen exposure , and dexamethasone is more effective than prednisolone at commonly used dosages . a randomised crossover design , prednisolone ( 2 mg/kg bwt ) and dexamethasone ( 0.05 mg/kg bwt ) were administered per os , s.i.d. for 7 days , to 7 horses during clinical exacerbation of the disease . difference in transpulmonary pressure ( DeltaP ( L ) ) , lung resistance ( R ( L ) ) and elastance ( E ( L ) ) were measured before and after 3 and 7 days of treatment . and dexamethasone improved pulmonary function significantly . , the improvement was of greater magnitude after 3 and 7 days of treatment with dexamethasone compared to prednisolone . , after 7 days of treatment with dexamethasone , DeltaP ( L ) and R ( L ) were not different from values obtained when horses were on pasture , while all 3 pulmonary function parameters remained different from pasture values after prednisolone treatment . corticosteroids improve pulmonary function , in spite of continuous antigen exposure . , oral dexamethasone at 0.05 mg/kg bwt is more effective than prednisolone at 2 mg/kg bwt in the treatment of RAO . was shown , for the first time , to our knowledge , to improve the pulmonary function of horses with RAO in the presence of continuous antigen exposure . study also demonstrates the efficacy of low-dose oral dexamethasone in reversing airway obstruction in these conditions ."
3808,Abstract #3808,"2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in incidence and research has shown that normalization of blood glucose levels can moderate the risk of microvascular and neurological complications . purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nurse telephone calls on glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) levels and adherence to diabetes control recommendations . randomized design with control and experimental groups being assessed pre - and post intervention was used to assess the effectiveness of nurse telephone calls . patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group and 16 to a control group . goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range ( HbA1c < 7 % ) . intervention was applied to the intervention group for 12 weeks , and consisted of continued education and reinforcement of diet , exercise , medication adjustment recommendations , as well as frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose levels . intervention was performed twice per week for the first month and then weekly for the second and third month . were requested to write self-management logs including blood glucose levels , diet and an exercise diary . dietitian analysed the diet diaries and participants were informed about their results by telephone or mail . medication adjustments were communicated to participants ' doctors . HbA1c and diabetes adherence were measured before and after the intervention . in the intervention group had a mean decrease of 1.2 % in HbA1c levels and those in the control group had a mean increase of 0.6 % in HbA1c levels . intervention group had greater diet and blood glucose testing adherence than the control group . findings indicate that a nurse telephone intervention can improve HbA1c , and diet and blood glucose testing adherence ."
3809,Abstract #3809,"patients with breast cancer are at risk for undertreatment of cancer-related pain . authors evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of an automated pain intervention for improving pain and symptom management of underserved African American and Latina women with breast cancer . low-income African American and Latina women with breast cancer and cancer-related pain were enrolled in a pilot study of an automated , telephone-based , interactive voice response ( IVR ) intervention . in the intervention group were called twice weekly by the IVR system and asked to rate the intensity of their pain and other symptoms . patients ' oncologists received e-mail alerts if the reported symptoms were moderate to severe . patients also reported barriers to pain management and received education regarding any reported obstacles . proportion of women in both groups reporting moderate to severe pain decreased during the study , but the decrease was significantly greater for the intervention group . IVR intervention also was associated with improvements in other cancer-related symptoms , including sleep disturbance and drowsiness . patient adherence to the IVR call schedule was good , the oncologists who were treating the patients rated the intervention as only somewhat useful for improving symptom management . IVR intervention reduced pain and symptom severity for underserved minority women with breast cancer . research on technological approaches to symptom management is needed ."
3810,Abstract #3810,"with Helicobacter pylori is more common in children than adults , and it is generally accepted that the family unit plays a significant role in primary childhood infection . investigated whether the family unit plays a significant role in pediatric re-infection and if eradication of H. pylori from the entire family reduces the risk of childhood re-infection . families , each with an H. pylori-infected pediatric index case ( mean age 9.48 years ) , were recruited . 13carbon urea breath test was performed on all family members in the same house as the index case . family unit was randomized into a ` family unit treatment ' group ( all infected family members treated ) or an ` index case treatment ' group ( index case only treated ) . long-term follow-up ( mean 62.2 months ) , there were three re-infected children in the ` index case treatment ' group compared with one in the ` family unit treatment ' group . re-infection rate was 2.4 % per patient per year in the ` index case treatment ' group and 0.7 % per patient per year in the ` family unit treatment ' group ( p = .31 ) . study is the first to evaluate the effect of total family unit H. pylori eradication on pediatric re-infection rates and reports the longest period of re-infection follow-up in children . childhood , re-infection with H. pylori is not significantly reduced by family unit H. pylori eradication ."
3811,Abstract #3811,"often occur during the early phase after lung transplantation , and rapid diagnosis is vital . spirometry is used to detect early changes in graft function . cell phones are easy to use and facilitate data transfer from home spirometry . explore use of home spirometry with Bluetooth data transfer in outpatient lung transplant recipients . prospective randomized controlled trial . patients were randomized either to home spirometry with data transfer via Bluetooth-equipped cell phones or to home spirometry alone before discharge after lung transplantation . the Bluetooth group , results were transferred to a database capable of generating alarm messages . from onset of symptoms to physician consultation during the first 6 months after lung transplantation was the primary end point . to home spirometry was 97.2 % in the Bluetooth group and 95.3 % in the home spirometry alone group ( P = .73 ) . time to first consultation ( P = .60 ) and frequency of consultation ( P = .06 ) did not differ significantly in the 2 groups . scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were lower in patients in the Bluetooth group ( 1.5 ; range , 0.0-4 .0 ) than in the home spirometry alone group ( 4.0 ; range , 2.0-6 .0 ; P = .04 ) . spirometry with data transfer is feasible and safe in lung transplant recipients . with home spirometry alone , additional data transfer was equally effective regarding the time interval from symptom onset to consultation . in the Bluetooth group reported less anxiety , which may improve emotional well-being ."
3812,Abstract #3812,"older adults with urinary incontinence use absorbent pads . of exposure to moisture and chemical irritating substances in urine , the perineal skin region is always at risk for development of incontinence-associated dermatitis ( IAD ) . aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of an improved absorbent pad against IAD . cluster randomized controlled design was used to compare the efficacy of two absorbent pads . inpatients aged 65 years who had IAD and used an absorbent pad or diaper all day were enrolled . rate of IAD and variables of skin barrier function such as skin pH and skin moisture were compared between the usual absorbent pad group ( n = 30 ) and the test absorbent pad group ( n = 30 ) . patients ( 43.3 % ) from the test absorbent pad group and 4 patients ( 13.3 % ) from the usual absorbent pad group recovered completely from IAD . , the test absorbent pad group healed significantly faster than the usual absorbent pad group ( p = 0.009 ) . the other hand , there were no significant differences between the two groups in skin barrier function . test absorbent pad for older adults with urinary incontinence might be more efficacious against IAD than usual absorbent pad . : UMIN000006188 ."
3813,Abstract #3813,"tumour necrosis factor - antagonist etanercept and the interleukin ( IL ) -12 / 23p40 antagonist ustekinumab have been shown to be effective psoriasis therapies . IL-12 / 23p40 antagonist briakinumab was shown to be effective psoriasis treatment in a phase II study . assess the efficacy , safety and tolerability of briakinumab compared with etanercept and placebo in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis . hundred and fifty patients were enrolled in this phase III , 12-week study ( M10-315 , NCT00710580 ) and randomized in the following 2:2:1 ratio : 139 patients received 200 mg briakinumab at weeks 0 and 4 followed by 100 mg briakinumab at week 8 ; 139 patients received 50 mg of etanercept twice weekly 3-4 days apart at weeks 0-11 ; 72 patients received placebo injections matching active treatment . co-primary efficacy endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving a Physician 's Global Assessment ( PGA ) of 0/1 at week 12 , and the proportion of patients achieving a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ( PASI ) 75 response at week 12 . the briakinumab-treated patients , 727 % achieved a PGA of 0/1 at week 12 as compared with 295 % of etanercept-treated patients and 42 % of placebo-treated patients ( P < 0001 , for both comparisons ) . the briakinumab-treated patients , 806 % achieved a PASI 75 response at week 12 as compared with 396 % of etanercept-treated and 69 % of placebo-treated patients ( P < 0001 , for both comparisons ) . adverse events were reported in two ( 14 % ) briakinumab-treated patients , one ( 07 % ) etanercept-treated patient and two ( 28 % ) placebo-treated patients . patients with moderate to severe psoriasis , briakinumab had superior efficacy to both placebo and etanercept at 12 weeks as administered in this study ."
3814,Abstract #3814,"determine whether a telephone care-management intervention for high-risk Medicare health maintenance organization ( HMO ) health plan enrollees can reduce costly medical service utilization . , controlled trial measuring healthcare services utilization over three 12-month periods ( pre - , during , and postintervention ) . social service organizations partnered with a Medicare HMO and four contracted medical groups in southern California . hundred twenty-three patients aged 65 and older ; eligibility was determined using an algorithm to target older adults with high use of insured healthcare services . assessment , members in the intervention group were offered mutually agreed upon referrals to home - and community-based services ( HCBS ) , medical groups , or Medicare HMO health plan and followed monthly for 1 year . medical service utilization was measured across three 12-month periods . and utilization of Care Advocate ( CA ) referrals were measured during the 12-month intervention period . intervention members were significantly more likely than controls to use primary care physician services ( odds ratio ( OR ) = 2.05 , P < .001 ) , and number of hospital admissions ( OR = 0.43 , P < .01 ) and hospital days ( OR = 0.39 , P < .05 ) were significantly more stable for CA group members than for controls . suggest that a modest intervention linking older adults to HCBS may have important cost-saving implications for HMOs serving community-dwelling older adults with high healthcare service utilization . studies , using a national sample , should verify the role of telephone care management in reducing the use of costly medical services ."
3815,Abstract #3815,"HPV-positivity is a favourable prognostic factor in the radiotherapy of HNSCC , but the optimal radiotherapy regimen for HPV-positive HNSCC is not yet defined . overall treatment time is known to improve outcome in the radiotherapy of HNSCC as was also demonstrated in the randomised DAHANCA 6 & 7 trial . aimed to assess the influence of tumour HPV-status , expressed by p16 , on the response to accelerated fractionated radiotherapy in HNSCC through evaluation of the DAHANCA 6 & 7 trial . detection of HPV-associated p16-expression was performed on FFPE-pre-treatment tumour-tissues from 794 patients enrolled in the DAHANCA 6 & 7 trial . influence of tumour p16-status on loco-regional tumour control and survival as a function of fractionation schedule ( 5Fx/week vs 6Fx/week ) was evaluated 5years after the completion of radiotherapy . significant and independent prognostic value of tumour p16-positivity in HNSCC radiotherapy was confirmed , with adjusted hazard ratios ( HR ) of 0.58 [ 0.43-0 .78 ] , 0.47 [ 0.33-0 .67 ] and 0.54 [ 0.42-0 .68 ] for loco-regional control , disease-specific and overall survival , respectively . radiotherapy significantly improved loco-regional tumour control compared to conventional radiotherapy , adjusted HR : 0.73 [ 0.59-0 .92 ] and the benefit of the 6Fx/week regimen was observed both in p16-positive ( HR : 0.56 [ 0.33-0 .96 ] ) as well as in p16-negative tumours ( HR : 0.77 [ 0.60-0 .99 ] ) . survival was also significantly improved with accelerated radiotherapy in the group of p16-positive tumours ( adjusted HR : 0.43 [ 0.22-0 .82 ] ) . radiotherapy significantly improves outcome in HNSCC compared to conventional fractionation . observed benefit is independent of tumour p16-status and the use of a moderately accelerated radiotherapy regimen seems advantageous also for HPV/p16-positive HNSCC ."
3816,Abstract #3816,"for improving the vitamin A status of vulnerable populations are needed . studied the influence of the amounts of dietary fat on the effectiveness of carotene-rich plant foods in improving vitamin A status . aged 9-12 y were fed standardized meals 3 times/d , 5 d/wk , for 9 wk . meals provided 4.2 mg provitamin A carotenoids/d ( mainly beta-carotene ) from yellow and green leafy vegetables [ carrots , pechay ( bok choy ) , squash , and kangkong ( swamp cabbage ) ] and 7 , 15 , or 29 g fat/d ( 2.4 , 5 , or 10 g fat/meal ) in groups A , B , and C ( n = 39 , 39 , and 38 , respectively ) . self-selected foods eaten were recorded daily . and after the intervention , total-body vitamin A pool sizes and liver vitamin A concentrations were measured with the deuterated-retinol-dilution method ; serum retinol and carotenoid concentrations were measured by HPLC . increases in mean serum beta-carotene ( 5-fold ) , alpha-carotene ( 19-fold ) , and beta-cryptoxanthin ( 2-fold ) concentrations ; total-body vitamin A pool size ( 2-fold ) ; and liver vitamin A ( 2-fold ) concentrations were observed after 9 wk in the 3 study groups ; mean serum retinol concentrations did not change significantly . total daily beta-carotene intake from study meals plus self-selected foods was similar between the 3 groups and was 14 times the usual intake ; total fat intake was 0.9 , 1.4 , or 2.0 times the usual intake in groups A , B , and C , respectively . overall prevalence of low liver vitamin A ( < 0.07 mumol/g ) decreased from 35 % to 7 % . yellow and green leafy vegetables , when ingested with minimal fat , enhance serum carotenoids and the total-body vitamin A pool size and can restore low liver vitamin A concentrations to normal concentrations ."
3817,Abstract #3817,"determine changes in upper limb movement substructures that denote fluency of movement in children with cerebral palsy ( CP ) following lycra ( ) splint wear . , to explore the efficacy of lycra ( ) splints for those with spastic and dystonic hypertonia . clinical trial whereby participants were randomised to parallel groups with waiting list control . children ( mean age 11.5 years SD = 2.2 ) with hypertonic upper limb involvement ( 13 hemiplegia , 4 quadriplegia ) were recruited . were randomly allocated either to a control group or to wear the lycra ( ) splint for a period of three months . ( 3D ) upper limb kinematics was used to assess four functional tasks at baseline , on initial lycra ( ) splint application , three months after lycra ( ) splint wear , and immediately after splint removal . substructures of the motion of the wrist joint center were analysed . significant difference was observed between baseline and three months of lycra ( ) splint wear in the movement substructures ; movement time , percentage of time and distance in primary movement , jerk index , normalised jerk and percentage of jerk in primary and secondary movements . magnitude of changes in normalised jerk and the percentage of jerk in the primary movement from baseline to three months was greatest in children with dystonic hypertonia . results indicate that lycra ( ) arm splinting induced significant changes in movement substructures and motor performance in children with CP . research demonstrates that fluency of movement can be quantified and is amenable to change with intervention ."
3818,Abstract #3818,"is one of the commonest reasons for consultation and it might be useful to know its characteristics in order to determine which patients may need medical attention . carry out a randomized transverse study in a rural population using the validated questionnaire ` Alcoi-92 ' , and to determine the clinical characteristics of the headaches detected . door to door survey was done by randomized selection of 790 persons aged over 18 and living in the Comarca del Comtat . validated self-questionnaire was sent and this was followed by an interview with a doctor . hundred and forty-eight persons were interviewed . standard prevalence of migraine is 19.6 % with a sex incidence of 1:2.4 and an average age of 46.1 years . average age of onset was 20.64 years . were family histories of cerebrovascular accidents in 26.4 % and of migraine in 57.1 % . were no differences in the use of toxic substances , of socio-economic status or of marital status . commonest pre-existing pathology was arterial hypertension . number of episodes of headache was one to seven per year in 50 % of those with migraine , with an average duration of 4-24 hours , predominantly bilateral presentation and pulsatile in character with moderate repercussion in everyday activities . commonest associated symptoms were photophobia and sonophobia . were prodromal symptoms in 36.9 % , most commonly confusion and photopsy . questionnaire ` Alcoi-92 ' has been shown to be a useful tool for definition of the clinical characteristics of migraine ."
3819,Abstract #3819,"factors can impair haemodialysis ( HD ) tolerance . such as age and diabetes mellitus are linked to the patient . , such as dialysate , machine , and membrane are linked to the treatment characteristics . duration of the HD sessions may represent another factor in tolerance since it influences the rate of ultrafiltration . , its influence has not been studied independently of the type of membrane or dialysate buffer . a randomized crossover study , the incidence of intradialytic symptoms was compared during 4-h and 5-h HD sessions in 38 patients . study period was 2 weeks for each dialysis time . influence of age and diabetes was also analysed . requiring more than 4 litres of ultrafiltration were excluded . the 5-h period , the incidence of headache , nausea , chills , back pain and pruritus was significantly greater . the contrary , the incidence of hypotension and postdialytic orthostatic hypotension was significantly less . also demonstrated that ultrafiltration rate and orthostatic hypotension were correlated , and that age over 65 years and diabetes influenced HD tolerance . incidence of hypotension was significantly less in patients over 65 receiving 5-h HD treatment . some symptoms were more frequent during the 5-h HD sessions , the incidence of hypotension and postdialytic orthostatic hypotension was significantly less . resulted in an improvement in acute haemodynamic HD tolerance , which could also influence long-term morbidity and mortality , especially in patients over 65 years ."
3820,Abstract #3820,"health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) is a potential independent predictor of mortality , nephrologists have shown little interest in HRQOL with respect to mortality in chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) . aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of HRQOL on mortality in the elderly , who are likely to develop or already have CKD . 1,000 randomly sampled participants aged more than 65 years ( sourced from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Ageing ) , 944 subjects were evaluated for HRQOL . was assessed using a 36-item Short-Form health survey ( SF36 ) . cumulative survival rate was calculated according to tertiles of SF36 scores and classified by the presence of CKD ( estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1 .73 m2 ) . 944 subjects , 46.6 % had CKD . patients had lower total and physical component scores compared with subjects without CKD . 3-year cumulative survival rate was 90.0 % ( non-CKD vs. CKD : 92.6 % vs. 87.4 % , P = 0.005 by log rank test ) . adjusting for multiple variables , a reduced SF36 score ( physical and mental components ) was a strong predictor of all-cause mortality . components were consistently able to predict mortality after CKD classification , but mental components were statistically significant only in the CKD group . addition to traditional risk factors of mortality , nephrologists should be aware of HRQOL as a predictor of mortality and should make efforts to improve HRQOL in CKD patients ."
3821,Abstract #3821,"examine whether diabetes genetic risk testing and counseling can improve diabetes prevention behaviors . conducted a randomized trial of diabetes genetic risk counseling among overweight patients at increased phenotypic risk for type 2 diabetes . were randomly allocated to genetic testing versus no testing . risk was calculated by summing 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes . in the top and bottom score quartiles received individual genetic counseling before being enrolled with untested control participants in a 12-week , validated , diabetes prevention program . quartile participants were not studied further . examined the effect of this genetic counseling intervention on patient self-reported attitudes , program attendance , and weight loss , separately comparing higher-risk and lower-risk result recipients with control participants . 108 participants enrolled in the diabetes prevention program included 42 participants at higher diabetes genetic risk , 32 at lower diabetes genetic risk , and 34 untested control subjects . age was 57.9 10.6 years , 61 % were men , and average BMI was 34.8 kg/m ( 2 ) , with no differences among randomization groups . attended 6.8 4.3 group sessions and lost 8.5 10.1 pounds , with 33 of 108 ( 30.6 % ) losing 5 % body weight . were few statistically significant differences in self-reported motivation , program attendance , or mean weight loss when higher-risk recipients and lower-risk recipients were compared with control subjects ( P > 0.05 for all but one comparison ) . genetic risk counseling with currently available variants does not significantly alter self-reported motivation or prevention program adherence for overweight individuals at risk for diabetes ."
3822,Abstract #3822,"of ketorolac with aspirin and placebo for the antithrombotic activity using the Folts ' model of experimental arterial thrombosis and the perioperative blood loss . randomized blinded study anaesthetized , tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated . blood flow variations were detected by a probe directly inserted around the artery and monitored by an electromagnetic flowmeter . segment of the exposed carotid artery was de-endothelialized by gently squeezing the artery with a needle holder forceps , and an external constrictor was placed around it ( stenosis 60 % ) , to induce cyclic flow reductions ( CFR ) . 20 min , CFR rate was assessed . were then randomized in 3 groups of 9 : ketorolac ( K ) 1 mg.kg-1 , aspirin ( A ) 10 mg.kg-1 or saline ( S ) , injected intravenously ( peripheral ear vein ) . drug administration , CFR rate was assessed over 20 min , to determine the potential antithrombotic activity of the drug ( curative phase ) . , the opposite carotid artery was injured and stenosed and the occurrence of CFR was assessed over 20 min ( preventive phase ) . amount of blood loss of a xipho-pubic laparotomy with a spleen section was also measured 30 min after drug administration . all untreated animals , CFRs developed with a mean rate of 4 cycles/20 min . completely abolished CFR during the curative phase in all rabbits , except in one . effect was observed during this phase with ketorolac or saline . the preventive phase , a partial inhibition of CFRs was induced by ketorolac and aspirin . bleeding was not increased significantly by ketorolac or aspirin . bleeding-time did not differ between the three groups . ( 1mg.kg-1 ) has not a strong antithrombotic activity . and aspirin do not increase peri-operative blood loss , and therefore do not seem to strongly interfere with haemostasis in the rabbit ."
3823,Abstract #3823,"examine the efficacy of an interactive , child-centred and family-based program in promoting healthy weight and healthy lifestyles in Chinese American children . randomized controlled study of a culturally sensitive behavioral intervention . Chinese American children ( ages , 8-10 years ; normal weight and overweight ) and their families . , blood pressure , measures of dietary intake , physical activity , knowledge and self-efficacy regarding physical activity and diet at baseline and 2 , 6 and 8 months after baseline assessment . mixed modeling indicated a significant effect of the intervention in decreasing body mass index , diastolic blood pressure and fat intake while increasing vegetable and fruit intake , actual physical activity and knowledge about physical activity . interactive child-centred and family-based behavioral program appears feasible and effective , leading to reduced body mass index and improved overweight-related health behaviors in Chinese American children . type of program can be adapted for other minority ethnic groups who are at high risk for overweight and obesity and have limited access to programs that promote healthy lifestyles ."
3824,Abstract #3824,"evaluate the influence of the laparoscopic technique in hernia repair regarding time to full recovery and return to work , complications , recurrence rate , and economic aspects . studies have shown advantages in terms of less pain and faster recovery after laparoscopic hernia repair , whereas others have not , and the cost-effectiveness has been questioned . laparoscopic technique must be thoroughly compared with the open procedures before its true place in hernia surgery can be defined . hundred thirteen male patients aged 40 to 75 years were randomized to the conventional procedure , preperitoneal mesh placed by the open technique , or laparoscopic preperitoneal mesh ( TAPP ) . was after 7 days , 8 weeks , and 1 year . 613 patients undergoing surgery , 604 ( 98.5 % ) were followed for 1 year . who underwent TAPP gained full recovery after 18.4 days , compared with 24.2 days for open mesh ( p < 0.001 ) and 26.4 days for the conventional procedure ( p < 0.001 ) . who underwent TAPP returned to work after 14.7 days , compared with 17.7 days for open mesh ( p = 0.05 ) and 17.9 days for the conventional procedure ( p = 0.04 ) . also had significantly less restriction in physical activities after 7 days . TAPP procedure was more expensive , mainly as a result of longer surgical time and equipment costs , even after compensation for earlier return to work . were more common in the TAPP group , with a varying pattern between the groups . recurrences in the conventional , 11 in the open mesh , and 4 in the TAPP group were recorded after 1 year ( p = n.s. ) . laparoscopic technique results in both shorter time to full recovery and shorter time to return to work , at the price of substantially increased costs ."
3825,Abstract #3825,"compare the 2 control arms of HPTN 035 [ a hydroxyethylcellulose ( HEC ) gel control arm and a no-gel control arm ] to assess the behavioral effects associated with gel use and direct causal effects of the HEC gel on sexually transmitted infections ( STIs ) , pregnancy , and genital safety . trial with 1 blinded ( HEC gel ) and 1 open-label ( no-gel ) control arms . , sexually active women were randomized into the HEC gel arm ( n = 771 ) and into the no-gel arm ( n = 772 ) in 5 countries . in the HEC gel arm were instructed to insert the study gel intravaginally < 1 hour before each vaginal sex act . on sexual behavior , adherence , safety , pregnancy , and STIs were collected quarterly for 12-30 months of follow-up . follow-up , mean reported condom use in the past week was significantly higher in the no-gel arm ( 81 % versus 70 % , P < 0.001 ) . were no significant differences , after adjusting for this differential condom use , between the 2 arms in the rates of genital safety events , pregnancy outcomes , or STIs , including HIV-1 . this large randomized trial , we found no significant differences between the no-gel and HEC gel arms in the rates of genital safety events , pregnancy outcomes , or STIs . results aid interpretation of the results of previous vaginal microbicide trials that used the HEC gel as a control . HEC gel is suitable as a control for ongoing and future vaginal microbicide studies ."
3826,Abstract #3826,"aim of this study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of the CYPHER ( Cordis , Johnson and Johnson , Bridgewater , New Jersey ) sirolimus-eluting coronary stent ( SES ) in percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) . over the safety of drug-eluting stents implanted during PCI for STEMI remains , and long-term follow-up from randomized trials are necessary . ( Trial to assess the use of the cYPHer sirolimus-eluting stent in acute myocardial infarction treated with ballOON angioplasty ) randomized 712 patients with STEMI treated by primary PCI to receive either SES ( n = 355 ) or bare-metal stents ( BMS ) ( n = 357 ) . primary end point , target vessel failure at 1 year , was significantly lower in the SES group than in the BMS group ( 7.3 % vs. 14.3 % , p = 0.004 ) with no increase in adverse events . 4-year follow-up was performed . data were available in 501 patients ( 70 % ) , and the survival status is known in 580 patients ( 81 % ) . from target lesion revascularization ( TLR ) at 4 years was significantly better in the SES group ( 92.4 % vs. 85.1 % ; p = 0.002 ) ; there were no significant differences in freedom from cardiac death ( 97.6 % and 95.9 % ; p = 0.37 ) or freedom from repeat myocardial infarction ( 94.8 % and 95.6 % ; p = 0.85 ) between the SES and BMS groups . difference in definite/probable stent thrombosis was noted at 4 years ( SES : 4.4 % , BMS : 4.8 % , p = 0.83 ) . the 580 patients with known survival status at 4 years , the all-cause death rate was 5.8 % in the SES and 7.0 % in the BMS group ( p = 0.61 ) . the 70 % of patients with complete follow-up at 4 years , SES demonstrated sustained efficacy to reduce TLR with no difference in death , repeat myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis . The Study to Assess AMI Treated With Balloon Angioplasty [ TYPHOON ] ; NCT00232830 ) ."
3827,Abstract #3827,"evaluate the efficacy of the '' Diabetes Diet Advisor '' ( PC-DR vision 1.0 ) '' for type 2 diabetes . hundred and fifty type 2 diabetic patients were divided in the 2 groups . study group included 88 type 2 diabetic patients managed by `` Diabetes Diet Advisor ( PC-DR vision 1.0 ) '' ; the control group included 62 cases with a fixed carbohydrate content . patients were followed up for 8 weeks . 8 weeks dietary therapy , the fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , cholesterol ( TC ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , HDL-cholesterol ( HDL - C ) and body mass index ( BMI ) in study group were all significantly less than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . the study group , the significant decrease were achieved in all indicates and FBG and 2hPBG decreased persistently . patients ( 28.41 % ) in study group and 6 patients ( 9.68 % ) in control group reduced their dosage of hypoglycemic agents or stopped drug therapy ( P = 0.007 ) . software `` Diabetes Diet Advisor ( PC-DR vision 1.0 ) '' is a useful tool of dietary management for patients with type 2 diabetes ."
3828,Abstract #3828,"explore the effect of Tanreqing Injection ( TRQI ) on the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( AECOPD ) with Chinese medicine syndrome of retention of phlegm and heat in Fei ( RPHF ) . a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial , 90 patients with AECOPD of RPHF syndrome were randomly assigned to 3 groups , TRQI and controls A and B , each with 30 cases . TRQI group was administered with the intravenous injections of 20 mL TRQI once a day and conventional Western medicine treatment . group A was administered with the intravenous injection of 15 mg ambroxol hydrochloride twice a day and conventional Western medicine treatment , and control group B was administered with conventional Western medicine treatment only . treatments were administered for 10 days . medical symptoms and signs were scored , and plasma concentrations of interleukin ( IL ) -8 and neutrophil elastase ( NE ) were recorded . 1 ) The Chinese medical symptoms ( cough , sputum amount , expectoration , dyspnea and fever ) and signs ( tongue and pulse ) improved significantly in the TRQI group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) , and improvements in cough , sputum amount and expectoration were better in the TRQI group than control group B ( P < 0.05 ) ; there was no significant difference between the TRQI group and control group A ( P > 0.05 ) . sign of tongue was also improved significantly in the TRQI group ( P < 0.05 ) . 2 ) The overall effects in the TRQI group and control group A were significantly better than in control group B ( P < 0.05 ) , with no significant differences between the TRQI group and control group A ( P > 0.05 ) . was no significant difference in the total effective rate among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ) . 3 ) After treatment , the plasma concentrations of IL-8 and NE decreased in the TRQI group and control group A ( P < 0.05 ) , and the concentration of IL-8 in control group B decreased ( P < 0.05 ) . difference in IL-8 was greater in the TRQI group than in control group A and B before and after treatment , and the change in NE was greater in control group A than in the TRQI group and control group B , but there was no statistical significance among the three groups with regards to the change in IL-8 or NE ( P > 0.05 ) . could improved the Chinese medical signs and symptoms in the patients with AECOPD , possibly because of the decreasing plasma levels of IL-8 and NE which could improve response to airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion ."
3829,Abstract #3829,"evaluated the effectiveness of a parent-based add-on component to a school-based intervention to prevent cigarette smoking among African American and Latino middle school youths . dyads ( n = 1386 ) were randomly assigned to 2 groups : ( 1 ) a school-based smoking-prevention intervention or ( 2 ) the same intervention with a parent-based add-on component called Raising Smoke-Free Kids . in the experimental condition received the parent add-on component . in the control condition received information on selecting a high school . adolescents received a version of Project Towards No Tobacco Use ( TNT ) . primary outcome was a reduction in adolescent cigarette smoking . data were obtained from 1096 mother-adolescent dyads at 15 months postintervention . follow-up , the odds of smoking cigarettes were reduced by 42 % for adolescents in the parent add-on condition versus the TNT-only condition . in the parent add-on condition were more likely than were mothers in the TNT-only condition to set rules about risk-sensitive social activities and to be perceived as trustworthy by their child . differences also were found in the frequency and quality of mother-adolescent communication . parent add-on components in school-based smoking prevention programs can reduce smoking behavior on the part of inner-city middle school youths ."
3830,Abstract #3830,"explore the changes of hydrogen sulfide ( H ( 2 ) S ) in vascular tissues of rats with septic shock and endotoxin shock and its possible pathophysiological implication . models of septic shock induced by cecal ligation and puncture and of endotoxic shock induced by injection of endotoxin were used in this study . authors measured hymodynamic variations , metabolic data , H ( 2 ) S and nitric oxide ( NO ) contents of different arteries in rats with septic shock and endotoxic shock . results showed that hemodynamic parameters including the heart rate ( HR ) , the mean arterial pressure ( BP ) , and the + dP/dt max decreased markedly , while the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP ) increased significantly and the rats developed hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis . H ( 2 ) S contents were significantly increased ( P < 0.01 ) in both septic and endotoxic shock ( P < 0.01 ) . H ( 2 ) S and NO contents all negatively correlated with BP , cardiac function and the degree of hypoglycemia ( P < 0.01 ) . results of our study demonstrated that endogenous vascular H ( 2 ) S increased in rats with septic shock and endotoxic shock . was suggested that endogenous H ( 2 ) S was involved in physiological and pathophysiological process during shock ."
3831,Abstract #3831,"The aim was to assess how the use of a commercially available hearing augmentation device affected performance on cognitive assessment scales on admission to hospital . This was a randomized controlled trial . The study was conducted on all of the acute assessment wards in a department of medicine for the elderly . All patients admitted to the department from December 1 , 2007 , until February 28 , 2008 , were considered for admission to the study . with delirium were excluded . A commercially available device provided hearing augmentation in the intervention group on the second day . All participants had cognitive assessments using the Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) and the Abbreviated Mental Test ( AMT ) on two consecutive days . A total of 192 patients ( 60.4 % women , mean [ SD ] age 82.4 [ 7.0 ] years ) were recruited and randomized into control ( N = 58 ) or intervention groups ( N = 134 ) . and unpaired t-tests were used to compare mean improvements in scores within and between groups , respectively . mean improvement in MMSE scores was 2.00 ( p < 0.001 ) in the intervention group and 0.49 in the control group ( p = 0.46 ) , and the mean improvement in AMT scores was 0.48 ( p < 0.001 ) for the intervention group and 0.24 ( p = 0.04 ) for the control group . comparing mean improvements between groups , unpaired t-test results were significant for MMSE ( p < 0.001 ) but not for AMT ( p = 0.23 ) . results were confirmed on repeated-measures ANOVA ( group by time interaction ) . Hearing augmentation significantly improves performance on MMSE scores . use of hearing augmentation devices in routine screening for cognitive impairment merits further study ."
3832,Abstract #3832,"studies indicate that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase [ Nampt/visfatin/pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor ( PBEF ) ] contributes to the circadian fine-tuning of metabolic turnover . , it is unknown whether circulating Nampt concentrations , which are elevated in type 2 diabetes and obesity , display a diurnal rhythm in humans . objective was to examine the 24-h profile of serum Nampt in humans under conditions of sleep and sleep deprivation and relate the Nampt pattern to morning postprandial glucose metabolism . healthy men participated in two 24-h sessions starting at 1800 h , including either regular 8-h-night sleep or continuous wakefulness . Nampt and leptin were measured in 1.5 - to 3-h intervals . the morning , plasma glucose and serum insulin responses to standardized breakfast intake were determined . regular sleep-wake conditions , Nampt levels displayed a pronounced diurnal rhythm , peaking during early afternoon ( P < 0.001 ) that was inverse to leptin profiles peaking in the early night . subjects stayed awake , the Nampt rhythm was preserved but phase advanced by about 2 h ( P < 0.05 ) . postprandial plasma glucose concentrations were elevated after sleep loss ( P < 0.05 ) , whereas serum insulin was not affected . relative glucose increase due to sleep loss displayed a positive association with the magnitude of the Nampt phase shift ( r = 0.54 ; P < 0.05 ) . Nampt concentrations follow a diurnal rhythm , peaking in the afternoon . loss induces a Nampt rhythm phase shift that is positively related to the impairment of postprandial glucose metabolism due to sleep deprivation , suggesting a regulatory impact of Nampt rhythmicity on glucose homeostasis ."
3833,Abstract #3833,"goal of this study was to analyze the impact of dabigatran plasma concentrations , patient demographics , and aspirin ( ASA ) use on frequencies of ischemic strokes/systemic emboli and major bleeds in atrial fibrillation patients . efficacy and safety of dabigatran etexilate were demonstrated in the RE-LY ( Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy ) trial , but a therapeutic concentration range has not been defined . a pre-specified analysis of RE-LY , plasma concentrations of dabigatran were determined in patients treated with dabigatran etexilate 110 mg twice daily ( bid ) or 150 mg bid and correlated with the clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding using univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression models . demographics and ASA use were assessed descriptively and as covariates . concentrations were obtained from 9,183 patients , with 112 ischemic strokes/systemic emboli ( 1.3 % ) and 323 major bleeds ( 3.8 % ) recorded . levels were dependent on renal function , age , weight , and female sex , but not ethnicity , geographic region , ASA use , or clopidogrel use . multiple logistic regression model ( c-statistic 0.657 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.61 to 0.71 ) showed that the risk of ischemic events was inversely related to trough dabigatran concentrations ( p = 0.045 ) , with age and previous stroke ( both p < 0.0001 ) as significant covariates . logistic regression ( c-statistic 0.715 , 95 % CI : 0.69 to 0.74 ) showed major bleeding risk increased with dabigatran exposure ( p < 0.0001 ) , age ( p < 0.0001 ) , ASA use ( p < 0.0003 ) , and diabetes ( p = 0.018 ) as significant covariates . stroke and bleeding outcomes were correlated with dabigatran plasma concentrations . was the most important covariate . benefit-risk might be improved by tailoring dabigatran dose after considering selected patient characteristics . Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy [ RE-LY ] With Dabigatran Etexilate ; NCT00262600 ) ."
3834,Abstract #3834,"determine the effect of manikin-only training on field success of endotracheal intubation by paramedics . evaluation of individual field endotracheal intubation success rates for paramedics after they participated in a manikin-only or a manikin-plus-cadaver training program . responding to emergency calls involving adult medical or trauma victims . participants were trained using a controlled manikin training program ; then , half were randomly selected for additional instruction using fresh human cadavers . trained using only the manikin program had mean + / - SD individual success rates of 82 + / - 32 % , and individuals who received additional cadaver training had mean individual success rates of 83 + / - 31 % . success rates for the two groups were 86 % for the manikin-only group and 85 % for the manikin-plus-cadaver-trained group . sample size was not adequate to allow rejection of the null hypothesis . trained in endotracheal intubation using a systematic manikin-only teaching program can attain acceptable individual success rates in the actual field setting ."
3835,Abstract #3835,"aimed to assess in healthy subjects 1 ) the effect of two doses of a new naturally inulin-rich soluble chicory extract ( IRSCE ) on overall gastrointestinal discomfort after short-term ingestion and 2 ) the effect on gastrointestinal symptoms of long-term consumption of IRSCE administered at a dose compatible with its future commercial use . , the effect of IRSCE was assessed on overall gastrointestinal discomfort in a double-blind , crossover study where 18 subjects received in a randomized order a morning coffee drink including 10 g of sucrose alone ( control period ) or with IRSCE at two doses ( 8.9 and 14.0 g containing 5.0 and 7.8 g of inulin , respectively ) during three consecutive 6-d periods . , 35 subjects were followed during a randomized , double-blind protocol where they were asked to take twice a day an instant coffee drink containing IRSCE ( 8.1 g/d containing inulin 5.0 g/d ) or sucrose 8.1 g/d during 4 wk . effects of the treatment on flatulence , bloating , abdominal pain , stool consistency , and number were recorded . the first study a significant slight increase ( P = 0.05 ) in overall abdominal discomfort was observed with the morning coffee drink containing 7.8 g of inulin after 1 wk of consumption . the second study , no significant differences between the IRSCE and placebo groups were evidenced with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms during the consumption period . - and long-term consumptions of IRSCE , given at a daily dose containing 5 g of inulin , are well tolerated by healthy subjects ."
3836,Abstract #3836,"baroreflex sensitivity ( BRS ) is associated with cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome . lipid abnormalities have been associated with impaired BRS , this study aimed to determine whether diets known to improve the lipid profile , namely a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids ( walnuts ) or monounsaturated fatty acids ( cashew nuts ) , would improve BRS in subjects with metabolic syndrome ( MS ) . controlled feeding trial with a randomized , controlled , parallel study design was undertaken , which involved 62 subjects with MS. Subjects were stratified according to gender and age and were randomized into three groups receiving a control diet , or a diet high ( 20 % energy ) in walnuts or unsalted cashew nuts for 8 weeks while maintaining body weight . BRS , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , and MS components were measured before and after the intervention . the intervention , BRS in the walnut-fed study group decreased ( P = .038 ) and that in the cashew-fed study group increased ( P = .036 ) , but the BRS in the control group did not change ( P = .56 ) . percent change of the walnut versus cashew group differed ( P = .019 ) . mass index , waist circumference , blood pressure , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and triacylglycerol did not change . fasting glucose concentrations of the cashew group increased ( P = .03 ) . significant improvements in BRS obtained by a diet rich in cashew nuts underline the beneficial cardiovascular effects of nuts . , the opposite result was obtained with a diet rich in walnuts . significant changes observed might indicate that BRS is particularly sensitive and influenced by changes in diet without changes in obesity ."
3837,Abstract #3837,"with acute haemorrhoidal crisis often need of an immediate and effective pharmacological approach to alleviate their pain , bleeding and swelling or have to be referred by the general practitioner to the surgeon for a definitive treatment . and not invasive treatment control of the acute crisis could be of practical use in order to avoid or to delay invasive procedures to a time more convenient for the patient and/or for the surgeon . enrolling , according to the group treatment , every patient starts taking 1 tablet every 8 hours for 7 days of Emospid or 2 tablets every 8 hours for 7 days of MMDH tablets . to a simplified PATE 2000 classification , the following parameters were evaluated : haemorrhoidal grade , internal and external haemorrhoids , internal and external oedema , internal and external thrombosis , bleeding , bleeding intensity , pain , itching , defecation problems and urgency , tenesm , mucus in stools and sphinterial tone . the Emospid group , within the considered period , 35 patients out 40 shift downwards of 1 grade of the haemorrhoidal scale ( from III to II and from II to I ) ; 22 out of 29 stop bleeding ; bleeding intensity drops by about 90 % ; pain ceased in 33 out of38 ; pain intensity drops by about 75 % ; itching ceased in 25 out 35 ; tenesm ceased in 32 out of 33 ; sphinterial tone reduced from hypertonic to normal in 19 out 24 ; mucus in the stools was found in 3 out of 12 ; 12 out 35 still presented defecation disorders ; defecation urgency was found in 2 out of 14 ; need to defecate in 2 times was found in 1 out of 17 ; acute events ( external and/or internal oedema , external and/or internal thrombosis ) was found in 10 out of 36 . the MDHH group results were , in terms of global evaluation , inferior of about 25-50 % according to the considered parameter when compared with the one got by the Emospid treatment . with acute haemorrhoidal crisis may be successfully treated with Emospid in order to avoid or to delay , if acute crisis relapsed , invasive procedures . , the treatment with Emospid shows to be more effective , if compared with MMDH , in counteracting acute haemorrhoidal crisis . www.actabiomedica.it )"
3838,Abstract #3838,"compare the effects of calcitonin , etidronate , and alendronate in preventing bone loss during the first 2 years after heart transplant . total of 222 heart transplant recipients ( mean [ SD ] age , 52.4 [ 10 ] years , 85 % male ) were evaluated . with normal bone mineral density ( reference group , n = 102 ) received 1000 mg/d calcium plus 800 IU/d vitamin D3 . rest were assigned to 200 IU/d of calcitonin ( n = 42 ) , 400 mg/d etidronate orally for 14 days quarterly ( n = 33 ) , or 10 mg/d alendronate ( n = 45 ) . patients received calcium and vitamin D. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine , the entire femur , and the femoral neck at baseline and 6 , 12 , and 24 months after transplant . 2 years after transplant , bone mineral density in the lumbar spine had decreased in the reference group ( -3.07 % ) , calcitonin group ( -0.93 % ) , and etidronate group ( -1.87 % ) but not in the alendronate group ( +4.9 % ; P < .001 ) . 2 years , bone mineral density in the entire femur decreased in all groups ( -3.2 % in the reference group , -3.6 % in the calcitonin group , -4.6 % in the etidronate group , and -0.5 % in the alendronate group ) but bone loss was significantly lower in the alendronate group ( P < .001 ) . mineral density in the femoral neck also decreased in all groups . incidence of vertebral fractures did not differ among groups . events were similar between groups . therapy in heart transplant recipients was associated with a significant increase in bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and less bone loss at the hip ."
3839,Abstract #3839,"replacement regimes remain rather empirical and produce serum cortisol profiles very different from normal physiology . have analysed the effects of different dosages of hydrocortisone ( HC ) replacement therapy on the health perception and general well-being of patients with secondary hypocortisolism . also evaluated the effects of these regimens on bone metabolism . a prospective randomized double-blind study , 3 groups of 3 patients were treated with 3 different dosages of HC ( 15 , 20 and 30 mg/day ) , in different sequences , each sequence for two weeks . adult patients with complete secondary hypocortisolism . cortisol , ACTH , aldosterone , renin , alkaline phosphatase , bone specific alkaline phosphatase , osteocalcin , PTH , C-telopeptides of type-I collagen , sodium , potassium , phosphate ; urinary free cortisol , pyridinium cross-links , urine sodium , potassium and phosphate were measured at the beginning and after each week of the study . quality of life assessment the patients completed three different questionnaires , the Basler Befindlichkeits-Skala ( BBS ) , the Befindlichkeits-Skala ( Bf-S ) , the Beschwerde-Liste ( BL ) each week . increasing doses of 15 , 20 and 30 mg hydrocortisone a significant increase of free urinary cortisol was achieved ( 298 + / - 26 nmol/day , 454 + / - 43 , 819 + / - 59 , respectively ; P < 0.01 ) . mean scores of the psychological questionnaires did not change significantly during the whole study ( BBS 81.8 + / - 3.9 ; 82.8 + / - 3.9 , 83.6 + / - 3.9 ; Bf-S 15.9 + / - 3.4 , 11.3 + / - 2.6 , 12.5 + / - 2.8 ; BL 15.7 + / - 2.3 , 14.4 + / - 2.5 , 14.8 + / - 2.6 , respectively ) . decreased significantly ( 2.3 + / - 0.49 , 2.1 + / - 0.42 , 1.8 + / - 0.38 , P < 0.01 ) with increasing HC doses but remained within the normal range . other investigated parameters were within or nearly within the normal range in all patients at the beginning and did not change during the study . of 15 , 20 or 30 mg hydrocortisone/day have equivalent effects on quality of life in patients with secondary hypocortisolism . 15 or 20 mg hydrocortisone/day the patients feel nearly as well and content as normal healthy individuals . long-term treatment with a high replacement dose of glucocorticoids ( hydrocortisone 30 mg/day ) induces bone loss , this risk can be avoided with a substitution dosage of 20 mg or even 15 mg hydrocortisone/day , without influencing the well-being of the patient ."
3840,Abstract #3840,"photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) is becoming an important treatment method for skin lesions such as actinic keratosis ( AK ) and superficial basal cell carcinoma , there are still discussions about which fluence rate and light dose are preferable . studies in rodents have shown that a low fluence rate is preferable due to depletion of oxygen at high fluence rates . , these results have not yet been verified in humans . objective was to investigate the impact of fluence rate and spectral range on primary treatment outcome and bleaching rate in AK using aminolaevulinic acid PDT . addition , the pain experienced by the patients has been monitored during treatment . patients ( mean age 71 years ) with AK located on the head , neck and upper chest were treated with PDT , randomly allocated to four groups : two groups with narrow filter ( 580-650 nm ) and fluence rates of 30 or 45 mW cm ( -2 ) , and two groups with broad filter ( 580-690 nm ) and fluence rates of 50 or 75 mW cm ( -2 ) . total cumulative light dose was 100 J cm ( -2 ) in all treatments . was monitored by fluorescence imaging , and pain experienced by the patients was registered by using a visual analogue scale graded from 0 ( no pain ) to 10 ( unbearable pain ) . primary treatment outcome was evaluated at a follow-up visit after 7 weeks . data showed a significant correlation between fluence rate and initial treatment outcome , where lower fluence rate resulted in favourable treatment response . , the photobleaching dose ( 1/e ) was found to be related to fluence rate , ranging from 4.5 + / - 1.0 J cm ( -2 ) at 30 mW cm ( -2 ) , to 7.3 + / - 0.7 J cm ( -2 ) at 75 mW cm ( -2 ) , indicating higher oxygen levels in tissue at lower fluence rates . a cumulative light dose of 40 J cm ( -2 ) no further photobleaching took place , implying that higher doses are excessive . significant difference in pain experienced by the patients during PDT was observed in varying the fluence rate from 30 to 75 mW cm ( -2 ) . , the pain was found to be most intense up to a cumulative light dose of 20 J cm ( -2 ) . results imply that the photobleaching rate and primary treatment outcome are dependent on fluence rate , and that a low fluence rate ( 30 mW cm ( -2 ) ) seems preferable when performing PDT of AK using noncoherent light sources ."
3841,Abstract #3841,"evaluate the hypotheses that a blended learning approach would improve the newborn examination skills of medical students and yield a higher level of satisfaction with learning newborn examination . medical students at a tertiary teaching hospital were individually randomised to receive either a standard neonatology teaching programme ( control group ) , or additional online access to the PENSKE Baby Check Learning Module ( blended learning group ) . primary outcome was performance of newborn examination on standardised assessment by blinded investigators . secondary outcomes were performance of all ` essential ' items of the examination , and participant satisfaction . recruitment rate was 88 % ( 71/81 ) . blended learning group achieved a significantly higher mean score than the control group ( p = 0.02 ) for newborn examination . was no difference for performance of essential items , or satisfaction with learning newborn examination . blended learning group rated the module highly for effective use of learning time and ability to meet specific learning needs . blended learning approach resulted in a higher level of performance of newborn examination on standardised assessment . is consistent with published literature on blended learning and has implications for all neonatal clinicians including junior doctors , midwifes and nurse practitioners ."
3842,Abstract #3842,"chronic hemodialysis population has an accelerated rate of cardiovascular morbidity and death . , elevated levels of the putative atherothrombotic risk factor homocysteine are almost ubiquitous in this population . to normalize elevated plasma total homocysteine ( tHcy ) levels in dialysis patients using pharmacological-dose vitamin therapy or other strategies generally have been unsuccessful . uncontrolled evidence suggests that N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) may be an effective tHcy-lowering agent . designed a randomized placebo-controlled study to determine the effect of prolonged oral NAC therapy on lowering tHcy levels in vitamin-replete chronic hemodialysis patients . subjects were treated before intervention with a standard dialysis vitamin supplement to ensure a uniform vitamin-replete state . were then block randomized to treatment with NAC , 1.2 g twice a day , for 4 weeks or matched placebo . were no significant baseline differences between the two groups , although differences in pyridoxal 5 ' - phosphate ( active form of vitamin B ( 6 ) ) levels approached significance ( P = 0.06 ) . a paired analysis , there was no statistically significant difference between the NAC and placebo groups . was very well tolerated in hemodialysis patients . randomized placebo-controlled trial found that chronic oral NAC therapy did not significantly reduce tHcy levels in hemodialysis patients . a larger sample size theoretically could have increased the statistical significance between groups , implications of the potentially very modest reduction in tHcy levels are not yet known . , based on this limited study , NAC appears to be a safe and well-tolerated therapy in the hemodialysis population ."
3843,Abstract #3843,"protein intake and resistance exercise can be beneficial for maintenance of lean body mass ( LBM ) in older adults . , these factors could also negatively affect renal function . investigated changes in renal function after a 12-wk resistance exercise program combined with protein supplementation in community dwelling older adults . ( N = 237 , 73.7 5.7 y , 58.2 % female ) participated in a 12-wk resistance exercise program ( 3 times/wk ) designed to increase strength and muscle mass of major muscle groups . were randomly assigned to one of three dietary supplements consumed directly after training : whey protein drink ( 20 g whey protein , 20 g carbohydrates ) , milk protein drink ( 20 g milk protein , 20 g carbohydrates ) , or carbohydrate drink ( 40 g carbohydrates ) . function was estimated as glomerular filtration rate ( GFR , Cockcroft-Gault formula ) , and dietary intake was measured as 3-d-weighed food record at baseline and endpoint . the intervention , energy intake did not increase . intake increased in the carbohydrate group and protein intake increased in the milk group , both approximately in accordance with the supplementation . the whey group , protein intake did not increase , but carbohydrate intake did . increased after the intervention ( +4.4 mL/min/1 .73 m2 ; P < 0.001 ) , and the changes were similar in men and women or in the age quartiles . in GFR at endpoint were not associated with LBM , dietary supplements , or total protein intake . 12-wk resistance exercise program combined with protein supplementation in community dwelling older adults does not negatively affect GFR . supplementation had only minor effects on total dietary intake ."
3844,Abstract #3844,"the intervention phase in the Women 's Health Initiative ( WHI ) clinical trial , use of estrogen plus progestin reduced the colorectal cancer diagnosis rate , but the cancers were found at a substantially higher stage . assess the clinical relevance of the findings , analyses of the influence of combined hormone therapy on colorectal cancer incidence and colorectal cancer mortality were conducted after extended follow-up . WHI study was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 16,608 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus who were randomly assigned to daily 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate ( n = 8,506 ) or matching placebo ( n = 8,102 ) . cancer diagnosis rates and colorectal cancer mortality were assessed . a mean of 5.6 years ( standard deviation [ SD ] , 1.03 years ) of intervention and 11.6 years ( SD , 3.1 years ) of total follow-up , fewer colorectal cancers were diagnosed in the combined hormone therapy group compared with the placebo group ( diagnoses/year , 0.12 % v 0.16 % ; hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.72 ; 95 % CI , 0.56 to 0.94 ; P = .014 ) . screening examinations were comparable between groups throughout . in the combined hormone therapy group more commonly had positive lymph nodes ( 50.5 % v 28.6 % ; P < .001 ) and were at higher stage ( regional or distant , 68.8 % v 51.4 % ; P = .003 ) . not statistically significant , there was a higher number of colorectal cancer deaths in the combined hormone therapy group ( 37 v 27 deaths ; 0.04 % v 0.03 % ; HR , 1.29 ; 95 % CI , 0.78 to 2.11 ; P = .320 ) . findings , suggestive of diagnostic delay , do not support a clinically meaningful benefit for combined hormone therapy on colorectal cancer ."
3845,Abstract #3845,"is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the immune-inhibitory interaction between CTL antigen 4 ( CTLA-4 ) and its ligands on T cells . trials in cancer patients with ipilimumab have shown promising antitumor activity , particularly in patients with advanced melanoma . , tumor regressions in these patients are correlated with immune-related side effects such as dermatitis , enterocolitis , and hypophysitis . these reactions are believed to be immune-mediated , the antigenic targets for the cellular or humoral immune response are not known . enrolled patients with advanced melanoma in a phase II study with ipilimumab . of these patients experienced a complete remission of his tumor . specificity and functional properties of CD8-positive T cells in his peripheral blood , in regressing tumor tissue , and at the site of an immune-mediated skin rash were investigated . tumor tissue was infiltrated with CD8-positive T cells , a high proportion of which were specific for Melan-A . skin rash was similarly infiltrated with Melan-A-specific CD8-positive T cells , and a dramatic ( > 30-fold ) increase in Melan-A-specific CD8-positive T cells was apparent in peripheral blood . cells had an effector phenotype and lysed Melan-A-expressing tumor cells . results show that Melan-A may be a major target for both the autoimmune and antitumor reactions in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 , and describe for the first time the antigen specificity of CD8-positive T cells that mediate tumor rejection in a patient undergoing treatment with an anti-CTLA-4 antibody . findings may allow a better integration of ipilimumab into other forms of immunotherapy ."
3846,Abstract #3846,"investigate the effect of vitamin K2 treatment for a year on spinal bone mineral density ( BMD ) in postmenopausal women , comparing with vitamin D3 hormone replacement therapy and to determine the factors which affect the efficacy of vitamin K2 therapy . postmenopausal women were randomized into four groups and treated with respective agents . the therapy , 6 and 12 months after the treatment , their lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry . rates of change in BMD ( delta BMD ) were calculated . of BMD with age , year since menopause and the initial BMD were determined . K2 suppressed the decrease in spinal BMD as compared with no treatment group . in women treated with vitamin K2 was inversely correlated with their age ( r = -0.54 ; P < 0.05 ) . K2 therapy may be a useful method for preventing postmenopausal spinal bone mineral loss . addition , the therapy should be started early in postmenopausal period ."
3847,Abstract #3847,"erythromycin has previously been reported to stimulate gastric emptying , to inhibit gastric acid secretion and to stimulate pancreatic secretion during continuous gastric infusion of a liquid diet in healthy volunteers . aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral erythromycin ( 160 mg/h ) on gastrointestinal function under these conditions in seven healthy subjects . randomized double-blind cross-over study measured the gastric emptying rate of nutrients , gastric acid secretion , gastric pH , jejunal flow rate as well as biliopancreatic secretion and duodeno-caecal transit time during a 19.9 kJ/min continuous infusion of a nutrient solution ( 4.18 kJ/mL ) in the antrum over a 6-h period by a perfusion method . nutrition was well tolerated except by one subject with placebo perfusion . the 6-period , total gastric volume and gastric volume of nutrient decreased during erythromycin administration by 22 + / - 8 and 22 + / - 6 % , respectively . acid secretion was not modified by erythromycin . and bile salt outputs were significantly higher with erythromycin . duodeno-caecal transit time was not statistically different with drug and placebo ( 169 + / - 15 and 146 + / - 19 min , respectively ) . continuous gastric infusion of a liquid diet , the effect of oral erythromycin on gastric emptying could be useful to optimize cyclic enteral nutrition or to enhance the tolerance of enteral nutrition ."
3848,Abstract #3848,"evaluate bipolar scissors tonsillectomy by comparing it with traditional cold dissection tonsillectomy . prospective , randomized , multi-unit study . City Hospital , Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast , and Ulster Hospital Dundonald . hundred consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic tonsillitis between March 2000 and September 2000 . 1 ) Intraoperative bleeding , ( 2 ) operative time , ( 3 ) postoperative pain , and ( 4 ) complication rates , including primary and secondary hemorrhage . patients were excluded from the study for various reasons . mean age of the study population was 22 years ( range , 10-54 y ) . percent of patients were female . percent of patients were children aged 16 years or under . intraoperative blood loss was 5 mL for bipolar scissors tonsillectomy and 115 mL for cold dissection tonsillectomy ( P < .001 ) . mean operative time was 13 minutes for bipolar scissors tonsillectomy compared with 20 minutes for the cold dissection method ( P < .001 ) . was no statistically significant difference in the pain scores between the two methods ( independent samples t = 1.35 ; P > .05 ) . overall primary hemorrhage rate was 2.1 % , whereas the overall secondary hemorrhage rate was 16.9 % . hospital readmission rate was 10.3 % . primary and secondary hemorrhage rates were unaffected by the surgical method . scissors tonsillectomy is a safe technique with a similar morbidity to the cold dissection method . use is associated with a significant decrease in both surgical time and blood loss compared with the cold dissection method ."
3849,Abstract #3849,"conflicting experimental and clinical evidence , diphenylhydantoin continues to be used for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal seizures in emergency departments and alcohol detoxification centers . goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous diphenylhydantoin for prevention of alcohol withdrawal seizures in high-risk patients using a prospective , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study design . alcoholic patients , enrolled within six hours of the initial alcohol-related seizure in a withdrawal episode , were randomly assigned to treatment with intravenous diphenylhydantoin ( 1,000 mg ) or placebo . patients had a history of seizures during prior alcohol withdrawal episodes . with a history of seizures unrelated to alcohol withdrawal were excluded . known to affect the seizure threshold or demonstrating cross-tolerance with alcohol were withheld . each patient , the study endpoint was either ( 1 ) seizure recurrence or ( 2 ) a minimum 12-hour seizure-free observation period after completion of the study drug infusion . the postinfusion observation period , six of 45 diphenylhydantoin-treated patients and six of 45 placebo-treated patients experienced at least one recurrent seizure . diphenylhydantoin serum levels were measured in patients with and without subsequent seizures . was no statistically significant difference between the response rates for the two treatments ( p greater than 0.05 ) . 95 % confidence interval for the difference in response probabilities was -14.0 % , 14 % . administered to non-epileptic patients within six hours of the onset of alcohol withdrawal seizures , intravenous diphenylhydantoin failed to show a significant benefit over placebo in the prevention of subsequent seizures . suggest that the well-documented risks of intravenous diphenylhydantoin therapy outweigh the potential benefit in the short-term treatment of alcohol withdrawal seizures ."
3850,Abstract #3850,"assess whether phenylalanine intervention can effectively improve the pre-hypertensive inherited cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction in young offsprings of patients with essential hypertension ( ER ) . normotensive adolescents with hypertensive family history and associated with inherited cardiac hypertrophy , i.e , interventricular , septum ( IVST ) and ( or ) left ventricular post wall thickness ( PWT ) > or = 10.5 mm , were screened according to the normal range criteria of ultrasonic-cardiogram ( UCG ) obtained previously from 50 normotensive adolescents without hypertensive genetic predisposition . UCG parameters before and after 3 , 6 , 9 months of observation were compared between intervention group ( Phe 1 g/d 58 subjects ) and placebo-control group ( placebo 1 g/d , 38 subjects ) in 2 separate trials by a double-blind , randomized , cross-over and comparable placebo-control design . hypertrophy and dilatation of ascending aorta and left heart structure were regressed after intervention , i.g , the changes after 9 months intervention , IVST dropped from 10.9 + / - 1.2 to 9.2 + / - 0.6 mm , PWT from 9.5 + / - 1.0 to 8.6 + / - 0.6 mm , left ventricular mass index from 92 + / - 15 to 70 + / - 11 g/m2 ; All of the parameters reflecting the systolic function of left ventricle were improved in pooled group of 2 trials . UCGs after placebo was fundamentally not changed except some sporadic values . results were similar in 2 separate trials . improvement after Phe and its return towards that of pre-intervention after stope were remarked at 6 months . inherited cardiac dearrangement seen in adolescents with hypertensive genetic predisposition can be assumed to be the pre-hypertensive changes of EH . can be reversed by phenylalanine -- a natural and essential amino-acid ."
3851,Abstract #3851,"diagnostic advantage of methylene blue ( MB ) chromoendoscopy in Barrett 's esophagus is unclear . with columnar-lined esophagus ( CLE ) were enrolled into a prospective , randomized crossover trial of MB-directed biopsy versus conventional biopsy . patients ( 19 long-segment CLE ; 28 short-segment CLE ) were enrolled and underwent MB-directed biopsy . and specificity of MB for specialized intestinal metaplasia were 53 % and 51 % , respectively . and specificity of MB for dysplasia were 51 % and 48 % , respectively . patients ( 15 long-segment CLE ; 20 short-segment CLE ) completed the crossover trial . frequencies for specialized intestinal metaplasia were 73 % and 71 % from MB-directed and conventional biopsy specimens , respectively ( p = 0.73 ) . frequencies for dysplasia were 20 % and 18 % from MB-directed and conventional biopsy specimens , respectively ( p = 0.65 ) . patients with long-segment CLE , dysplasia was diagnosed in 10 patients with MB and 7 patients with conventional biopsy methods ( p = 0.25 ) . number of biopsy specimens per EGD was greater with MB , which may have influenced the diagnosis . , the grade of dysplasia was indefinite/low in nearly all of the dysplastic specimens . of MB-directed biopsy were similar to conventional biopsy in detecting specialized intestinal metaplasia and indefinite/low-grade dysplasia . was not useful in short-segment Barrett 's esophagus ."
3852,Abstract #3852,"deficiency of the omega-3 fatty acid , docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) , has been associated with perinatal depression , but there is evidence that supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) may be more effective than DHA in treating depressive symptoms . trial tested the relative effects of EPA - and DHA-rich fish oils on prevention of depressive symptoms among pregnant women at an increased risk of depression . enrolled 126 pregnant women at risk for depression ( Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score 9-19 or a history of depression ) in early pregnancy and randomly assigned them to receive EPA-rich fish oil ( 1060 mg EPA plus 274 mg DHA ) , DHA-rich fish oil ( 900 mg DHA plus 180 mg EPA ) , or soy oil placebo . completed the Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview at enrollment , 26-28 weeks , 34-36 weeks , and at 6-8 weeks ' postpartum . fatty acids were analyzed at entry and at 34-36 weeks ' gestation . hundred eighteen women completed the trial . were no differences between groups in BDI scores or other depression endpoints at any of the 3 time points after supplementation . EPA - and DHA-rich fish oil groups exhibited significantly increased postsupplementation concentrations of serum EPA and serum DHA respectively . DHA - concentrations at 34-36 weeks were inversely related to BDI scores in late pregnancy . fish oil and DHA-rich fish oil supplementation did not prevent depressive symptoms during pregnancy or postpartum ."
3853,Abstract #3853,"compare the clinical efficacy and side effects of tramadol and the mixture of tramadol and droperidol for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) . female patients , aged 18 - 65 , scheduled for elective abdominal total hysterectomy with inhalational general anesthesia ( induced with fentanyl and propofol , maintained with O ( 2 ) - N ( 2 ) O and enflurane or isoflurane supplemented by intermittent iv fentanyl and vercuronium for muscle relaxation ) were allocated into 2 groups of 30 patients in a random and double blind manner : group 1 ( 20 mg tramadol ) and group 2 ( 20 mg tramadol plus 0.1 mg droperidol ) , both with a lockout time of 10 minutes . VAS , analgesic doses , and side effects were observed 4 , 8 , 12 , 20 , 28 , and 36 hours after operation respectively . analgesia was achieved with tramadol or the mixture of tramadol and droperidol . nausea rates and vomiting rates at any time point in the group 2 were all significantly lower than those in the group 1 ( all P < 0.05 ) . patients in the group 1 needed treatment of metoclopramide , and none of patients in the group 2 needed antiemetic ( P < 0.01 ) . significant differences were observed in VAS , sedation score or vital signs ( all P > 0.05 ) . a similar quality of analgesia with less nausea and vomiting as well as little need for sedative , the combination of tramadol and droperidol is superior to tramadol alone for post-operative PCA ."
3854,Abstract #3854,"test the hypothesis that the progestogen medrogestone has no effect on changes in lipoprotein metabolism evoked by continuous estrogen replacement therapy , paying special attention to high-density lipoproteins ( HDL ) . multicenter randomized comparative trial . hysterectomized women aged 49 to 64 years . oral treatment with 0.625 mg daily of conjugated estrogens ( CE ) alone ( n = 55 ) or CE plus 5 mg of the progestogen medrogestone orally during the last 12 days of each 28-day cycle ( n = 59 ) . baseline and at cycles 3 , 6 , and 13 we measured the plasma levels of apolipoprotein ( Apo ) A1 , cholesterol in total HDL and in its subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 , using density gradient ultracentrifugation . lipoprotein cholesterol increased from baseline at all assessments in both treatment groups , being significantly greater in the CE group ( +15 % at cycle 13 ) than in the CE and medrogestone group ( +8 % ) . , HDL2-cholesterol increased in both treatment groups , but with no significant difference between the two groups . lipoprotein 3 cholesterol increased only in the CE group ( +7 % at cycle 13 ) ; there was no significant change in HDL3-cholesterol in the CE and medrogestone group . lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterol decreased from baseline at all assessments in both treatment groups ( -6 % and -9 % , respectively , at cycle 13 ) . change in very low-density ( VLDL ) lipoprotein cholesterol was not significant in either of the two groups . had no significant effects on the estrogen-induced increases in apo A-1 and triglycerides nor on the decreases in ApoB and LDL-cholesterol . hormone significantly affected VLDL-cholesterol or Lp ( a ) levels . did not eliminate the increase in plasma HDL levels evoked by CE ."
3855,Abstract #3855,"purpose of this study was to compare the risk of significant bacteruria between clean intermittent self-catheterization ( CISC ) and suprapubic catheterization ( SPC ) after urogynecologic surgery . were randomized to CISC or SPC. A urinalysis and patient satisfaction questionnaire were conducted on postoperative days 2 and 7 . culture was performed for positive urinalysis . bacteruria was defined as > 100,000 cfu/mL . detect a decrease in bacteruria risk from 25 % to 10 % , 113 subjects per group were needed with 80 % power and alpha of 0.05 . 248 randomized patients , 210 were included in the final analysis . overall risk of bacteruria was 27 % with no difference between SPC and CISC ( 31 % vs 23 % , P = .23 ) . reported more frustration ( P = .01 ) and more difficulty ( P = .003 ) using CISC . was no difference in risk of significant bacteruria between CISC and SPC. Patients reported more frustration and difficulty with self-catheterization ."
3856,Abstract #3856,"assess the effectiveness and tolerability of transdermal estrogen in men with hot flushes after hormonal therapy for prostate cancer . men with moderate to severe hot flushes were randomized to receive either low-dose ( 0.05 mg ) or high-dose ( 0.10 mg ) estrogen patches applied twice weekly for 4 weeks . a 4-week washout period in which no treatment was given , each patient received the alternative dose for 4 weeks . response was assessed by daily logs and questionnaires completed every 4 weeks that included a visual analog assessment . luteinizing hormone , follicle-stimulating hormone , testosterone , and estradiol levels were also measured every 4 weeks during the study . was a significant reduction in the overall severity of the hot flushes seen in patients with both the low and high-dose estrogen patch . significant reduction in the daily frequency of the hot flushes was seen with the high-dose patch only . , 10 ( 83 % ) of 12 men reported either mild , moderate , or major improvement in symptoms with either the low or high-dose patch . , painless breast swelling or nipple tenderness was noted in 2 ( 17 % ) and 5 ( 42 % ) of 12 men treated with the low and high-dose estrogen patch , respectively . levels decreased significantly with both the low and high-dose patch . levels increased from 12.1 to 16.4 pg/mL and 26.9 pg/mL with the low and high-dose patch , respectively . was no significant change in serum testosterone or luteinizing hormone levels . estrogen appears to be a promising , well-tolerated therapy for men with hot flushes after endocrine treatment for prostate cancer . study in larger groups of patients is necessary to assess the relative effectiveness and morbidity of this treatment ."
3857,Abstract #3857,"investigate the safety and efficiency of the disposable circumcision suture device ( DCSD ) in the surgical treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce . randomly assigned 249 outpatients with phimosis or redundant prepuce to be treated with DCSD ( n = 129 ) and by conventional circumcision ( CC , n = 120 ) , respectively . we compared the safety and efficiency of the two strategies . between DCSD and CC showed that the operation time was ( 4.02 + / - 0.69 ) vs ( 30.8 + / - 4.05 ) min , blood loss was ( 1.07 + / - 1.29 ) vs ( 8.72 + / - 2.15 ) ml , intraoperative pain score was 0.81 + / - 0.81 vs 2.42 + / - 1.15 , 24-hour postoperative pain score was 1.84 + / - 1.02 vs 4.99 + / - 1.36 , postoperative complication rate was 13.95 % ( 18/129 ) vs 9.17 % ( 11/120 ) , wound healing time was ( 13.99 + / - 9.06 ) vs ( 17.48 + / - 3.49 ) d , satisfaction with the penile appearance was 98.4 % ( 127/129 ) vs 95 % ( 109/120 ) , and treatment cost was ( 2215.62 + / - 17.67 ) vs ( 576.47 + 15.58 ) Y RMB . exhibited obvious superiority over CC for shorter operation time , less blood loss , milder intraoperative pain , sooner wound healing , and better penile appearance , but it also had a higher rate of postoperative complications ( P > 0.05 ) and involved more treatment cost than the latter ( P < 0.05 ) . disposable circumcision suture device affords ideal clinical effects and therefore deserves clinical popularization ."
3858,Abstract #3858,"compare outcomes of induction dosing followed by continuous adalimumab treatment with those of induction dosing with reinitiation of adalimumab ( in the event of clinical deterioration ) for patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn 's disease ( CD ) who participated in the Crohn 's Trial of the Fully Human Antibody Adalimumab for Remission Maintenance ( CHARM ) . the CHARM trial , all patients received open-label induction therapy with adalimumab 80 mg and 40 mg at weeks 0 and 2 , respectively . total , 778 patients were randomized at week 4 to one of three groups : ( 1 ) placebo after initial induction doses ( followed by reinitiation of adalimumab therapy ) ; ( 2 ) continuous maintenance treatment with adalimumab 40 mg every other week ( e.o.w. ) ; and ( 3 ) continuous maintenance treatment with adalimumab 40 mg every week . week 12 , patients receiving placebo with flare or non-response could reinitiate open-label adalimumab 40 mg e.o.w. , and patients receiving continuous blinded adalimumab therapy could switch to open-label 40 mg e.o.w. Patients in all groups could switch to weekly therapy with continued flare/non-response . the previously published primary analysis , results for only those patients who had responded at week 4 ( decrease in Crohn 's Disease Activity Index ( CDAI ) of > or = 70 points , referred to as `` randomized responders '' ) and remained on blinded therapy were analyzed . this analysis , data from all randomized patients were analyzed based on original randomized treatment using an intention-to-treat analysis , regardless of whether they subsequently switched to open-label therapy . activity , clinical remission , number of flares , Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire ( IBDQ ) score , number of CD-related surgeries , and hospitalization incidence were compared between the continuous and induction only/reinitiation adalimumab groups . for all outcome measures were superior for both continuous groups compared with the induction only/reinitiation group . the basis of median CDAI and IBDQ results , patients in both continuous treatment groups achieved statistically significantly greater improvements vs. the induction only/reinitiation group ( P < 0.05 ) . week 56 , a significantly greater percentage of patients who had received continuous adalimumab ( 51 % for e.o.w. and 49 % for weekly ) were in clinical remission vs. the induction only/reinitiation group ( 38 % , P < 0.05 ) . adalimumab therapy was also associated with fewer flares and fewer CD-related surgeries ( P < 0.05 ) . in both continuous adalimumab groups had significantly lower risks of CD-related and all-cause hospitalizations than did patients in the induction only/reinitiation group ( P < 0.05 ) . patients with active CD , continuous treatment with adalimumab was more effective than a strategy of induction dosing followed by reinitiation of adalimumab with clinical deterioration for maintenance of clinical remission , improved quality-of life outcomes , reduced flares , and a decrease in number of surgeries and risk of hospitalization ."
3859,Abstract #3859,"establish whether there is a place for low dose azathioprine ( AZA ) as a disease modifying agent in patients with uncomplicated primary Sjgren 's syndrome ( SS ) . patients with primary SS were entered into a double blind , placebo controlled trial of AZA ( 1 mg/kg/day ) for a period of 6 months . patients , all receiving active drug , withdrew because of side effects . was no significant change in disease activity variables when measured clinically , serologically , or histologically . trial suggests that low dose AZA does not have a role as a disease modifying agent in SS ."
3860,Abstract #3860,"KRK-0104 investigated first-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) with cetuximab , capecitabine and irinotecan versus cetuximab , capecitabine and oxaliplatin . analysis investigated the impact of primary tumor location on outcome of patients . primary tumors were defined as tumors from rectum to left flexure , while tumors in the remaining colon were regarded right sided . survival ( OS ) , progression-free survival ( PFS ) and response rate were correlated with primary tumor location . Cox regression model was used to evaluate interaction between primary tumor location and KRAS mutation . 146 patients of the AIO KRK-0104 trial , 100 patients presented left-sided ( of those 68 KRAS codon 12/13 wild-type ) and 46 patients right-sided primary tumors ( of those 27 KRAS codon 12/13 wild-type ) . tumors were associated with significantly longer OS ( p = 0.016 , HR = 0.63 ) and PFS ( p = 0.02 , HR = 0.67 ) as compared to right-sided tumors . effects were present in the KRAS codon 12/13 wild-type population ( HR OS : 0.42 ; HR PFS : 0.54 ) , while no impact of primary tumor location was evident in patients with KRAS codon 12/13 mutant tumors ( HR OS : 1.3 ; HR PFS : 1.01 ) . significant interaction of KRAS status and primary tumor location concerning OS and PFS was observed . findings suggest that primary tumor location and KRAS codon 12/13 mutational status interact on the outcome of patients with mCRC receiving cetuximab-based first-line therapy . primary tumor location might be a predictor of cetuximab efficacy ."
3861,Abstract #3861,"is an orally inhaled investigational drug containing dihydroergotamine ( DHE ) . DHE has been used for 60 years with no reported cardiac arrhythmias , a thorough QT study had not previously been performed with DHE . objective of this study was to assess the effects of MAP0004 on the QT interval as required for regulatory approval of a new product . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , 3-period crossover study enrolled healthy volunteers . were assigned to receive , in randomized sequence , MAP0004 at a supratherapeutic dose ( 3-fold the clinically effective dose ) ( 3.0 mg ) , moxifloxacin 400 mg , or inactive vehicle , each administered with 1 placebo capsule . ECGs were performed continuously at baseline ( day 0 ) , before dosing , and over 24 hours after dosing in each treatment period . effect on the QT interval was assessed using the Fridericia ( QTcF ) and individualized ( QTcI ) correction formulas . healthy adults ( 20 men , 34 women ; mean age , 28 years ) completed the trial and had measurable plasma levels of DHE after MAP0004 administration . largest observed mean difference in QTcI between MAP0004 and placebo was 0.08 msec , and the largest 1-sided 95 % upper confidence bound was 2.24 msec , both at 30 minutes after dosing . contrast , moxifloxacin increased the mean QTcI between 9.57 and 11.28 msec relative to placebo , with a 1-sided lower 95 % CL between 7.23 and 8.96 msec , confirming that the assay sensitivity was sufficient to detect MAP0004-related effects . ( 27.8 % ) was common following MAP0004 administration but apparently did not influence the QTc interval . supratherapeutic dose of MAP0004 was not associated with prolonged QTc intervals . the proposed clinical dose ( 1.0 mg ) , MAP0004 is unlikely to affect the QT interval . and its primary metabolite showed no evidence for prolongation of the QTc interval in healthy subjects according to the criteria required from regulatory agencies . identifier : NCT01191723 ."
3862,Abstract #3862,"a quarter of US women undergo elective hysterectomy before menopause , controlled trials that evaluate the benefits and harms are lacking . compare the effect of hysterectomy vs expanded medical treatment on health-related quality of life . multicenter , randomized controlled trial ( August 1997-December 2000 ) of 63 premenopausal women , aged 30 to 50 years , with abnormal uterine bleeding for a median of 4 years who were dissatisfied with medical treatments , including medroxyprogesterone acetate . participants , who were patients at gynecology clinics and affiliated practices of 4 US academic medical centers , were followed up for 2 years . were randomly assigned to undergo hysterectomy or expanded medical treatment with estrogen and/or progesterone and/or a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor . hysterectomy route and medical regimen were determined by the participating gynecologist . primary outcome was mental health measured by the Mental Component Summary ( MCS ) of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey ( SF-36 ) . outcomes included physical health measured by the Physical Component Summary ( PCS ) , symptom resolution and satisfaction , body image , and sexual functioning , as well as other aspects of mental health and general health perceptions . 6 months , women in the hysterectomy group had greater improvement in MCS scores than women in the medicine group ( 8 vs 2 , P = .04 ) . also had greater improvement in symptom resolution ( 75 vs 29 , P < .001 ) , symptom satisfaction ( 44 vs 7 , P < .001 ) , interference with sex ( 41 vs 22 , P = .003 ) , sexual desire ( 21 vs 3 , P = .01 ) , health distress ( 33 vs 13 , P = .009 ) , sleep problems ( 13 vs 1 , P = .03 ) , overall health ( 12 vs 2 , P = .006 ) , and satisfaction with health ( 31 vs 14 , P = .01 ) . the end of the study , 17 ( 53 % ) of the women in the medicine group had requested and received hysterectomy , and these women reported improvements in quality-of-life outcomes during the 2 years that were similar to those reported by women randomized to the hysterectomy group . who continued medical treatment also reported some improvements ( P < .001 for within-group change in many outcomes ) , with the result that most differences between randomized groups at the end of the study were no longer statistically significant in the intention-to-treat analysis . women with abnormal uterine bleeding and dissatisfaction with medroxyprogesterone , hysterectomy was superior to expanded medical treatment for improving health-related quality-of-life after 6 months . longer follow-up , half the women randomized to medicine elected to undergo hysterectomy , with similar and lasting quality-of-life improvements ; those who continued medical treatment also reported some improvements ."
3863,Abstract #3863,", an oxycodone prolonged-release ( PR ) formulation combined with the opioid antagonist naloxone PR , aims to prevent opioid-induced constipation without impairing the analgesic efficacy . has been confirmed during prolonged use in chronic pain or cancer patients . purpose of our study was to compare clinical effects of oxycodone PR with oxycodone PR + naloxone PR for short-term post-operative pain management . randomised , double-blind , prospective study included 85 women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy . two groups received either oxycodone PR 10 mg or oxycodone PR 10 mg + naloxone PR 5 mg as pre-medication and twice daily for 3 days . rescue analgesic , the patients received oxycodone intravenous during the first 24 h post-operatively and oxycodone tablets in the 24-72-h period . , other side effects , pain and satisfaction were registered during the first 7 post-operative days . , pre - and perioperative variables and the use of rescue analgesics were similar in the groups . were no significant differences in variables related to constipation . the oxycodone PR + naloxone PR group , 25 % had no defecation during the first 72 h post-operatively , compared with 20 % in the oxycodone PR group ( mean 1.2 1.1 vs. 2.1 2.4 defecations ) . opioid-induced effects and side effects showed no significant differences . 7 % were dissatisfied with their oral pain treatment . of naloxone to oxycodone PR tablets in a pain regimen administered twice daily the first three post-operative days had no significant clinical effects on constipation or other variables during the first week after hysterectomy ."
3864,Abstract #3864,"study examined the effects of varying the energy density ( ED ) of high carbohydrate ( HC ) diets on food and energy intake ( EI ) , subjective hunger and body weight in humans . cross-over design . were each studied twice during 14 d , throughout which they had ad libitum access to one of two covertly-manipulated diets . healthy men ( mean age ( s.d. ) = 32.17 y s.d. ( 5.26 y ) , mean weight = 69.74 kg s.d. ( 2.75 kg ) , mean height = 1.76 m s.d. ( 0.05 m ) , body mass index ( BMI ) = 22.57 ( 2.2 ) kg/m2 ) were studied . fat , carbohydrate ( CHO ) and protein content ( as % energy ) and ED of each diet were 21:66:13 % and 357 kJ/100 g , ( low-energy density ( LED ) ) or 22:66:12 % and 629 kJ/100 g ( high-energy density ( HED ) ) . medium fat diet was provided at maintenance ( 1.6 x BMR , MF for 2 d ) before each ad libitum period . could alter the amount , but not the composition of foods eaten . EI was 8.67 and 14.82 MJ/d on the LED and HED diets , respectively . felt significantly more hungry on the LED diet , than on the HED diet ( F ( 1,160 ) 38.28 ; P < 0.001 ) and found the diets to be similarly pleasant ( 72.72 mm vs 71.54 mm ( F ( 1,392 ) 0.31 ; P = 0.579 ) ) . body weight decreased on the LED diet at a rate of 0.1 kg/d and increased at 0.06 kg/d on the HED diet ( F ( 1,131 ) 86.60 ; P < 0.001 ) , giving total weight changes of -1.41 kg and +0.84 kg , respectively , both of which were significantly different from zero ( P < 0.01 ) . EI is possible on HC , HED diets , at least under conditions where diet selection is precluded . of these results with previous studies , which altered ED using fat , suggests that CHO may be a better cue for hunger than fat ."
3865,Abstract #3865,"angioplasty frequently creates a thrombogenic surface , with subsequent mural thrombosis that may lead to acute complications and possibly stimulates the development of restenosis . coumarins can prevent these complications is unclear . objective of this open , randomized trial was to assess the clinical effect of coumarins started before coronary angioplasty and continued for 6 months . coronary angioplasty , 530 patients were randomly assigned to aspirin plus coumarins and 528 patients to aspirin alone . the start of the angioplasty , the mean international normalized ratio was 2.7 + / -1.1 ; during follow-up , it was 3.0 + / -1.1 . 30 days , the composite end point of death , myocardial infarction , target-lesion revascularization , and stroke was observed in 18 patients ( 3.4 % ) treated with aspirin plus coumarin compared with 34 patients ( 6.4 % ) treated with aspirin alone ( relative risk , 0.53 ; 95 % CI , 0.30 to 0.92 ) . 1 year , these figures were 14.3 % and 20.3 % , respectively ( relative risk , 0.71 ; 95 % CI , 0.54 to 0.93 ) . incidence of major bleeding and false aneurysm during hospitalization was 3.2 % and 1.0 % , respectively ( relative risk , 3.39 ; 95 % CI , 1.26 to 9.11 ) . benefit of coumarins was observed in both stented and nonstented patients . in addition to aspirin started before PTCA and continued for 6 months was more effective than aspirin alone in the prevention of acute and late complications after coronary angioplasty . benefit was accompanied by a small but significant increase in bleeding complications ."
3866,Abstract #3866,"surgery has become a rare event after percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . having cardiac-surgery services available on-site is essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes during and after PCI remains uncertain . enrolled patients with indications for nonemergency PCI who presented at hospitals in Massachusetts without on-site cardiac surgery and randomly assigned these patients , in a 3:1 ratio , to undergo PCI at that hospital or at a partner hospital that had cardiac surgery services available . total of 10 hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery and 7 with on-site cardiac surgery participated . coprimary end points were the rates of major adverse cardiac events -- a composite of death , myocardial infarction , repeat revascularization , or stroke -- at 30 days ( safety end point ) and at 12 months ( effectiveness end point ) . primary end points were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle and were tested with the use of multiplicative noninferiority margins of 1.5 ( for safety ) and 1.3 ( for effectiveness ) . total of 3691 patients were randomly assigned to undergo PCI at a hospital without on-site cardiac surgery ( 2774 patients ) or at a hospital with on-site cardiac surgery ( 917 patients ) . rates of major adverse cardiac events were 9.5 % in hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery and 9.4 % in hospitals with on-site cardiac surgery at 30 days ( relative risk , 1.00 ; 95 % one-sided upper confidence limit , 1.22 ; P < 0.001 for noninferiority ) and 17.3 % and 17.8 % , respectively , at 12 months ( relative risk , 0.98 ; 95 % one-sided upper confidence limit , 1.13 ; P < 0.001 for noninferiority ) . rates of death , myocardial infarction , repeat revascularization , and stroke ( the components of the primary end point ) did not differ significantly between the groups at either time point . PCI procedures performed at hospitals in Massachusetts without on-site surgical services were noninferior to procedures performed at hospitals with on-site surgical services with respect to the 30-day and 1-year rates of clinical events . Funded by the participating hospitals without on-site cardiac surgery ; MASS COM ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01116882 . )"
3867,Abstract #3867,"II ( AP2 ) was developed to allow a systematic examination of intensive care unit outcomes in a risk adjusted manner . has been widely adopted in clinical trials to assure broad consistency amongst different groups . errors in calculating the true AP2 score may not be reducible below 15 % , the self-canceling effect of random errors reduces the importance of such errors when applied to large populations . has been suggested that a threshold AP2 score be used in clinical decision making for individual patients . study reports the AP2 scoring errors of researchers involved in a large sepsis trial and models the consequences of such an error rate for individual severe sepsis patients . researchers with explicit training in data abstraction and completion of the AP2 score received scenarios consisting of composites of real patient histories . statistics were calculated for each scenario . standard deviations were calculated compared with an adjudicated score . correlations for inter-observer reliability were performed using Shrout-Fleiss methodology . distribution curves were calculated for a broad range of AP2 scores using standard deviations of 6 , 9 and 12 . each curve , the misclassification rate was determined using an AP2 score cut-off of > or = 25 . percentage of misclassifications for each true AP2 score was then applied to the corresponding AP2 score obtained from the PROGRESS severe sepsis registry . error rate for the total AP2 score was 86 % ( individual variables were in the range 10 % to 87 % ) . correlation for the inter-observer reliability was 0.51 . the patients from the PROGRESS registry . % had AP2 scores in the range 17 to 28 . this interquartile range , 70 % to 85 % of all misclassified patients would reside . is more likely that an individual patient will be scored incorrectly than correctly . data obtained from the scenarios indicated that as the true AP2 score approached an arbitrary cut-off point of 25 , the observed misclassification rate increased . our study of AP2 score errors with the published literature leads us to conclude that the AP2 is an inappropriate sole tool for resource allocation decisions for individual patients ."
3868,Abstract #3868,"compare the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team care program with usual outpatient care in patients with systemic sclerosis ( SSc ; scleroderma ) . performed a randomized controlled trial comparing a 12-week multidisciplinary team care program ( 1 day per week ; individual treatments , group exercises , and group education ) with outpatient clinic care . measures included the Hand Mobility in Scleroderma ( HAMIS ) test , grip strength , maximal mouth opening ( MMO ) , 6-minute walk distance ( 6MWD ) , maximum aerobic capacity ( VO ( 2max ) ) , Checklist Individual Strength 20 ( CIS-20 ) , SSc Health Assessment Questionnaire ( HAQ ) , and Short Form 36 ( SF-36 ) , assessed at 0 , 12 , and 24 weeks . comparisons of change scores were done by analysis of covariance . patients were assigned to the intervention group ( mean age 53.9 years , 15 of 28 with diffuse SSc ) and 25 were assigned to the control group ( mean age 51.7 years , 15 of 25 with diffuse SSc ) . patients ( 89 % ) in the intervention group completed the treatment program . 12 weeks , there was a significantly greater improvement in grip strength ( 2.2 versus -1.8 kg ; P = 0.001 ) , MMO ( 1.4 versus -0.9 mm ; P = 0.011 ) , 6MWD ( 42.8 versus 3.9 meters ; P = 0.021 ) , and HAQ score ( -0.18 versus 0.13 ; P = 0.025 ) in the intervention group , whereas differences for the other outcome measures did not reach significance . 24 weeks , the effect on grip strength persisted . patients with SSc , a 12-week multidisciplinary day patient treatment program was more effective than regular outpatient care with respect to 6MWD , grip strength , MMO , and HAQ score , but not for VO ( 2max ) , HAMIS test , CIS-20 , SF-36 , and visual analog scale for pain . study provides a first step in quantifying the effect of a multidisciplinary team care program and warrants the conduct of further intervention studies ."
3869,Abstract #3869,"purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sequential versus simultaneous bilateral hearing aids fitting on patient compliance . older adults with hearing impairment participated in this study . were fitted with bilateral hearing aids simultaneously . remaining participants were fitted sequentially : One hearing aid ( to the left or to the right ear ) was used initially ; 1 month later , the other ear was also fitted with a hearing aid for bilateral use . on usefulness and compliance were elicited after the first and second months of hearing aid use . addition , the number of hours the hearing aids were used was extracted from the data loggings of each device . fitting resulted in high levels of compliance and consistent usage throughout the study period . fitting resulted in abrupt reduction in compliance and hours of use once the second hearing aid was added , both in the clinical scoring and in the data loggings . fitting of bilateral hearing aids results in better compliance compared with sequential fitting . addition of a second hearing aid after a relatively short period of monaural use may lead to inconsistent use of both hearing aids ."
3870,Abstract #3870,"determine if concomitant administration of docetaxel plus zosuquidar .3 HC1 can prolong progression-free survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer . randomized , double-blind , multicenter , placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing docetaxel plus 500 mg zosuquidar .3 HCl ( DZ ) with docetaxel plus placebo ( DP ) . total of 170 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to treatment . median age was 53 years ( range , 31-74 years ) . % of patients had prior chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting and 18.3 % in the neoadjuvant setting . median progression-free survival time was statistically different between groups [ 7.2 months ( DZ ) vs. 8.3 months ( DP ) ] . the stratification factor relative to progression following prior chemotherapy was considered , no significant treatment difference existed . combination of zosuquidar .3 HCl plus docetaxel is safe . analysis of efficacy data is complex , but it can be concluded that there is no difference in progression-free survival , overall survival , or response rate in the study as a whole ."
3871,Abstract #3871,"and reduced muscle strength are associated with increased blood pressure ( BP ) . examined the impact of milk proteins and combined exercise training ( CET ) on BP , arterial function , and muscle strength ( one-repetition maximum ( 1-RM ) ) . obese sedentary women ( age = 30 1 years ; body mass index = 35.2 0.9 kg/m ( 2 ) ; systolic BP ( SBP ) = 129 2 mm Hg ) were randomized to control carbohydrate ( n = 11 ) , whey ( n = 11 ) , and casein ( n = 11 ) supplementation for 4 weeks . participants performed moderate-intensity CET 3 days/week . and aortic SBP , augmentation index adjusted for 75 beats/minute ( AIx@75 ) , arterial stiffness ( brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( baPWV ) ) , and 1-RM were measured before and after the interventions . were significant ( P < 0.05 ) time-by-group interactions for brachial SBP ( bSBP ) , aortic SBP ( aSBP ) , AIx@75, and baPWV . and casein supplementation significantly ( P < 0.05 ) decreased bSBP ( approximately 5mm Hg for both ) , aSBP ( approximately 7 mm Hg and approximately 6mm Hg , respectively ) , AIx@75 ( approximately 9.2 % and approximately 8.1 % , respectively ) and baPWV ( approximately 57 cm/s and approximately 53 cm/s , respectively ) compared with no changes in the control group . - ( approximately 22.2 % ) and lower-body 1-RM ( approximately 44.0 % ) increased similarly in all groups . in arterial function and 1-RM were not correlated . protein supplementation with CET reduced SBP , wave reflection , and arterial stiffness in young obese women with prehypertension and hypertension . CET did not affect arterial function , milk proteins may have an antihypertensive effect by improving arterial function , as shown by reduced AIx@75 and baPWV . strength improvements after CET did not affect BP and arterial function . Registration NCT01830946 ."
3872,Abstract #3872,"compare four computed tomographic ( CT ) enteric contrasts ( pasteurized whole milk , UHT whole milk , water , and diluted iodine contrast ) in various aspects , including gastrointestinal ( GI ) distension , mural visualization , GI landmark distinction , taste , patients ` satisfaction , adverse effects , and prices . patients scheduled for whole abdominal CT at the present institution were randomized to receive 1,000 ml of pasteurized whole milk ( n = 15 ) , UHT whole milk ( n = 15 ) , water ( n = 15 ) and diluted iodine contrast ( n = 15 ) as CT enteric contrasts . radiologists separately assessed the GI distension ( using a 4-point scale : poor , partial , good , and full ) , mural visualization ( using a 3-point scale : poor , partial , and good ) , GI landmark distinction at esophagogastric ( EG ) junction , ampulla of Vater , and pancreatic head-duodenal loop ( using a 3-point scale : poor , partial , and good ) . participants graded the taste of received enteric contrasts and their satisfaction using a 4-point scale ( unacceptable , unpleasant , acceptable , and pleasant ) . effects were evaluated by GI associated symptoms ( nausea , vomiting , abdominal cramping/discomfort , and diarrhea ) . whole milk was superior to other agents in GI distension and tended to be better than other agents in mural visualization and GI landmark distinction . difference in taste and patients ' satisfaction was noted between pasteurized whole milk and other agents . collapse was inevitable in participants with pasteurized and UHT whole milk consumption , due to 4 % fat content in whole milk . adverse effects were more common in whole milk group than other agents . prices of pasteurized whole milk , UHT whole milk , water and diluted iodine contrast were about 42 , 40 , 14 , and 36 Baht , respectively . whole milk is an attractive oral contrast agent , providing good GI distension , mural visualization , and GI landmark discrimination . from gallbladder collapse , increase of GI adverse symptoms was another major drawback of whole milk when used as CT oral contrast , especially in Thai people ."
3873,Abstract #3873,"gain insight into molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects of statins , we have studied global gene expression in circulating leucocytes in an in-vivo model of acute inflammation following statin administration . this purpose , a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study was conducted in six healthy male volunteers , who received simvastatin ( 80 mg/day ) , rosuvastatin ( 40 mg/day ) or placebo before infusion of E. coli lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) . RNA isolated before and after statin treatment , and after LPS-infusion was subjected to GeneChip transcript profiling ( n = 42 ) . analysis revealed that statins exert little effect on leucocyte gene expression . genes included several immune response genes and the cholesterol efflux transporter ( ABCA1 ) . appeared to moderately downregulate expression of the genes encoding the inflammatory response proteins orosomucoid ( ORM1 ) and interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein ( IL18RAP ) . induced a pronounced response of the leucocyte transcriptome , notably affecting transcripts related to immune regulation , cell proliferation and motility . the majority of LPS-induced changes were not modulated by either statin , few select genes responded differently after statin treatment , such as the genes encoding the CD32 receptor ( FCGR2A ) or the protein geranylgeranyltransferase 1b subunit ( PGGT1B ) . found that few ` inflammatory ' genes appeared to be moderately down regulated during rosuvastatin administration , such as the ORM1 or IL18RAP genes . small number of statin-induced differences , both during treatment and after LPS-induced inflammation , however , suggests that statins might exert their anti-inflammatory action mainly at the posttranscriptional level rather than at the level of gene transcription ."
3874,Abstract #3874,"evaluate whether the application of rapid negative pressure for vacuum-assisted delivery is as effective and safe as the stepwise method . controlled trial . centres , including university , secondary and tertiary hospitals , in Thailand . total , 662 women were randomised to rapid and stepwise groups , with 331 women in each group . extraction was performed by applying a metal cup ( Malmstrom ) connected to an electric pump to the fetal head . stepwise method consisted of four incremental steps of 0.2 kg/cm every 2 minutes to obtain a final negative pressure of 0.8 kg/cm . the rapid method the negative pressure of 0.8 kg/cm was applied in one step in < 2 minutes . rate of vacuum extraction , vacuum cup detachment rate , duration of vacuum extraction , and maternal and neonatal complications . were no significant differences in detachment rates ( RD 0.3 % , 95 % CI -3.1 to 2.4 ) . overall success rates were identical , at 98.2 % . were significant reductions in the time between applying the vacuum cup and attaining maximum negative pressure ( MD -4.6 minutes ; 95 % CI -4.4 to -4.8 minutes ) , and in the time between applying the cup and delivery ( MD -4.4 minutes ; 95 % CI -4.8 to -4.0 minutes ) . was a significantly higher rate of perineal suture in the rapid method group ( RD 4.5 % ; 95 % CI 1.1-8 .2 ) . were no significant differences in maternal and fetal morbidities . negative pressure vacuum extraction could be performed as effectively and safely as the stepwise method , in a shorter period of time ."
3875,Abstract #3875,"incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo carotid surgery ranges from 0.7 % to 7.1 % , but it still represents almost 50 % of all perioperative complications . no data are available in literature about the impact of the anesthetic technique on such complications , a prospective randomized monocentric study was undertaken to evaluate the role of local anesthesia ( LA ) and general anesthesia ( GA ) on cardiac outcome . November 1995 to February 1998 , 107 patients were classified by the cardiologist as cardiac patients ( IHD ; history of myocardial infarction , previous myocardial revascularization procedures , or myocardial ischemia documented by means of positive electrocardiogram [ ECG ] stress test results ) or noncardiac patients ( NIHD ; no history of chest pain or negative results for an ECG stress test ) . patients were operated on after the randomization for the type of anesthesia ( general or local ) . computerized 12-lead ECG was performed during the operative procedure and 24 hours postoperatively . end points of the study were ECG modifications ( upsloping or downsloping more than 2 mm ) of the sinus tachycardia ( ST ) segment . patients were classified as IHD , and 52 were classified as NIHD . of the 55 IHD patients ( 49 % ) and 24 of 52 NIHD patients ( 46 % ) were operated on under GA. . episodes of myocardial ischemia occurred in 22 patients ( 20.5 % ) . were slightly more frequent ( 58 % ) and longer in the postoperative period ( intraoperative , 10 + / - 5 min ; postoperative , 60 + / - 45 min ; P < . ) . expected , the prevalence of myocardial ischemia was higher in the group of cardiac patients than in noncardiac group ( 15 of 55 patients [ 27 % ] vs 7 of 52 patients [ 13 % ] ; P < .02 ) . comparing the two anesthetic techniques in the overall population , we found a similar prevalence of patients who had myocardial ischemia ( GA , 12 of 52 [ 23 % ] ; LA , 10 of 55 [ 18 % ] ; P = not significant ) and a similar number of ischemic episodes per patient ( GA , 1.5 + / - 0.4 ; LA , 1.8 + / - 0.6 ; P = not significant ) . of myocardial ischemia were similarly distributed in intraoperative and postoperative periods in both groups . is relevant that under GA , IHD patients represent most of the population who suffered myocardial ischemia ( 83 % ) . the contrary , in the group of patients operated on under LA , the prevalence was equally distributed in the two subpopulations . results confirm the different hemodynamic impact of the two anesthetic techniques . who received LA had a rate of myocardial ischemia that was half that of patients who had GA. . small number of cardiac complications do not permit us to make any definitive conclusion on the impact of the two anesthetic techniques on early cardiac morbidity , but the relationship between perioperative ischemic burden and major cardiac events suggests that LA can be used safely , even in high-risk patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy ."
3876,Abstract #3876,"importance of leadership to influence nurses ' use of clinical guidelines has been well documented . , little is known about how to develop and evaluate leadership interventions for guideline use . purpose of this study was to pilot a leadership intervention designed to influence nurses ' use of guideline recommendations when caring for patients with diabetic foot ulcers in home care nursing . paper reports on the feasibility of implementing the study protocol , the trial findings related to nursing process outcomes , and leadership behaviors . mixed methods pilot study was conducted with a post-only cluster randomized controlled trial and descriptive qualitative interviews . units were randomized to control or experimental groups . and management leadership teams participated in a 12-week leadership intervention ( workshop , teleconferences ) . received summarized chart audit data , identified goals for change , and created a team leadership action . to assess feasibility of the protocol included : design , intervention , measures , and data collection procedures . the trial , chart audits compared differences in nursing process outcomes . nursing assessments score . outcome : 5-item score of nursing care based on goals for change identified by intervention participants . interviews described leadership behaviors that influenced guideline use . this pilot showed some aspects of the study protocol were feasible , while others require further development . findings observed no significant difference in the primary outcome . significant increase was observed in the 5-item score chosen by intervention participants ( p = 0.02 ) . the experimental group more relations-oriented leadership behaviors , audit and feedback and reminders were described as leadership strategies . suggest that a leadership intervention has the potential to influence nurses ' use of guideline recommendations , but further work is required to refine the intervention and outcome measures . taxonomy of leadership behaviors is proposed to inform future research ."
3877,Abstract #3877,"band-filling on demand of the morbidly obese patient is a major advantage of adjustable gastric banding . increasing number of patients results in an enormous amount of outpatient follow-up visits , which inspired us to compare a stepwise band-filling strategy with a single bolus injection 4 weeks after the operative procedure . consecutive patients were prospectively randomized in 2 groups . patients ( Group A ) had stepwise band-filling during 6 monthly ambulant visits . patients ( Group B ) had a bolus-filling 4 weeks postoperatively and had the next follow-up after another 5 months . loss , complications and procedural costs during follow-up were compared . of both groups did not differ in age , gender or preoperative BMI . was no significant difference postoperatively in excess weight lost ( EWL ) after 9 months . complications did not differ significantly . means of bolus-filling , a 60 % and 53 % reduction in outpatient clinical work was achieved within the 6 and 9 months , respectively . management after gastric banding takes advantage of a single bolus-filling during the first postoperative 6 months due to sufficient weight loss , low complication rate but significant reduction of personal , financial and logistic efforts ."
3878,Abstract #3878,"double blind , non-penetrating placebo needle is effective in masking patients who are not informed that they may receive a placebo needle . this study , we aimed to examine whether such needles are effective in masking subjects who have been so informed . hundred and fourteen informed , consenting , healthy volunteers were recruited . experienced acupuncturist applied one of the following needle pairs - penetrating/non-penetrating , non-penetrating/non-penetrating , penetrating/penetrating - randomly at bilateral TE5 points in subjects who were informed that they would receive either a non-penetrating or a penetrating needle . the application of a pair of needles , the subjects reported for each arm on whether they identified the needle as non-penetrating or penetrating . patients also rated skin penetration/penetration-like pain and the deep dull pain ( de qi ) associated with the needle application on a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) . chi squared goodness of fit test was used to determine the probability of the number of correctly and incorrectly identified needles . comparisons for VAS scores for skin penetration pain and de qi were made using Mann-Whitneys U test . the 114 non-penetrating needle applications , the subjects identified 64 incorrectly and 50 correctly , fitting a probability of 0.5 ( chi2 = 1.72 , P = 0.19 ) . interestingly , the subjects identified 36 ( 32 % ) of 114 penetrating needle applications incorrectly . penetration/penetration-like pain and de qi scores did not differ significantly ( P = 0.87 and P = 0.17 , respectively ) between the 114 non-penetrating and 114 penetrating needles . non-penetrating placebo needle was effective in masking fully informed subjects . used together with the matched penetrating needle , it has potential for use in double blind ( patient and practitioner blind ) studies ."
3879,Abstract #3879,"investigate the efficacy of a standard triple therapy ( comprising rabeprazole , clarithromycin , and amoxicillin ) for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) eradication , noting factors that influence the outcome and documenting any adverse events . institutional ethical approval , fifty consecutive and consenting symptomatic patients with evidence of H. pylori infection by either a positive urea breath test ( UBT ) and/or a campylobacter-like organism test who presented to the Gastroenterology clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital between 2012 and 2013 were recruited into the study . were openly randomized to either a 7-d or a 10-d regimen of amoxicillin 1 g , clarithromycin 500 mg and rabeprazole 20 mg twice daily . extent of symptom resolution was noted following the treatment , and at the end of one month after the completion of treatment , a repeat UBT was performed in each patient to document the eradication of the infection . data ( demographics , symptoms , and eradication rates ) were collated and analyzed with SPSS version 18 . patients completed the study ( three were excluded from the analysis for breaching the study protocol ) . patients included 18 males and 29 females within the age range of 13-80 years ( mean 43.7 , SD 16.8 ) . clinical features of the study subjects were dyspepsia , reflux symptoms and features of gastrointestinal bleeding . average eradication rate was 87.2 % . subjects were enrolled in the 7-d arm , while 29 were in the 10-d arm . was no statistically significant difference in the age or sex distributions of the two arms . was no significant advantage of the 10-d treatment duration over the 7-d duration ( P = 0.78 ) , and the eradication outcomes were not influenced by the gender or age of the subjects . adverse effects were reported in either arm . triple therapy regime , employing a combination of amoxicillin , clarithromycin and rabeprazole , showed great efficacy and safety in the eradication of H. pylori , and this outcome was not influenced by gender or age . difference was observed between the 7-d and 10-d regimens ."
3880,Abstract #3880,"assessment of the advantages and side effects of para-aortic lymph nodes irradiation under the evaluation by computer tomography , a prospective randomized study was started in 1986 . results for survival , local control and late complications are presented in the following . November 1986 to October 1990 , 93 patients with cervical carcinoma were randomly allocated for treatment with either pelvic irradiation ( pelvic group ) or pelvic plus para-aortic lymph nodes irradiation ( para-aortic group ) . patients underwent external irradiation and intracavitary therapy ( RT arm ) and 57 patients , extended radical hysterectomy and external irradiation ( OP-RT arm ) . lymph nodes irradiation delivered 45 Gy in 1.8 Gy per day for 5 days per week through anterior-posterior fields . 3-year cause specific survival rates were para-aortic group : 57 % and pelvic group : 89 % in RT arm group , and para-aortic group : 70 % and pelvic group : 86 % in OP-RT arm group . for the 2 groups in each treatment arm were not significant . pelvic failure , para-aortic lymph nodes metastases and distant metastases showed no statistically significant differences for the 2 groups in each treatment arm . the para-aortic group , complications were more frequent than in the pelvic group ( 13/45 vs. 2/48 , p < 0.025 ) . an enteric complication ileus was found in 7 % ( 3/45 ) of the para-aortic group while 2 % ( 1/48 ) in the pelvic group . fractures of the lumber vertebral body were apparent in 9 % ( 4/45 ) and 0 % , respectively . para-aortic lymph nodes irradiation delivered through anterior-posterior fields for high risk patients with cervical carcinoma is of limited value occurring to the high incidence of late complications and this treatment fails to improve no survival rates ."
3881,Abstract #3881,"stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract and cause a great deal of morbidity and economic loss . of the side effects and costs of current interventional procedures , researchers are interested in finding medicinal therapies . this regard , some reports have focused on traditional medicines as a drug discovery resource . scholars in the medieval era recommended Lapis judaicus for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones . present study assessed the efficacy and safety of Lapis judaicus on the size of calcium kidney stones and some related biochemical factors in blood and urine . patients with kidney stone disease were included in this double-blind randomized clinical study . patients received 2g of Lapis judaicus powder in hard capsules per day for 10 weeks , and another 30 patients received a placebo for the same period . was performed on patients , and blood and urine samples were collected before and after the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lapis judaicus in calcium kidney stone patients . size of the kidney stones was reduced significantly ( p < 0.001 ) in the drug group . 9 patients from the drug group , the stone was completely dissolved . , urine calcium concentration and specific gravity were reduced and urine magnesium was increased ( p < 0.05 ) . judaicus did not affect BUN , creatinine , ALT , or AST . to the placebo group , the size of kidney stones was reduced significantly in the treatment group after oral administration of Lapis judaicus . preliminary study confirms traditional knowledge of the efficacy and safety of Lapis judaicus in kidney stone diseases and suggests a new method to treat calcium kidney stones . detailed in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at discovering the mechanism of action of Lapis judaicus and clinical studies involving a larger population of patients will be necessary to fully explain and confirm the results obtained in the present study ."
3882,Abstract #3882,"in nonpregnant , nonlactating women suggest that folate supplementation in the form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate ( [ 6S ] -5 - methylTHF ) is at least as effective as folic acid in increasing blood folate indexes . data , however , are available on the effect of supplemental [ 6S ] -5 - methylTHF on blood folate concentrations during lactation . assessed the relative effectiveness of [ 6S ] -5 - methylTHF , a placebo , and folic acid in maintaining blood folate indexes during lactation in a sample of healthy Canadian women consuming folic acid-fortified foods . study was designed as a 16-wk , randomized , placebo-controlled intervention . women ( n = 72 ) advised to consume a folic acid-containing prenatal supplement ( 1000 microg/d ) during pregnancy were enrolled at 36 wk gestation . delivery , the women were randomly assigned to receive [ 6S ] -5 - methylTHF ( 416 microg/d , 906 nmol/d ) or a placebo or were assigned to a folic acid ( 400 microg/d , 906 nmol/d ) reference group . 16 wk of lactation , the mean red blood cell ( RBC ) folate concentration in women in the [ 6S ] -5 - methylTHF group ( 2178 ; 95 % CI : 1854 , 2559 nmol/L ) was greater than that in the folic acid ( 1967 ; 1628 , 2377 nmol/L ; P < 0.05 ) and placebo ( 1390 ; 1198 , 1613 nmol/L ; P < 0.002 ) groups after adjustment for baseline concentrations ( 36 wk gestation ) . distribution of folate forms in RBCs did not differ significantly between the [ 6S ] -5 - methylTHF and placebo groups . , the folic acid group had greater amounts of 5-formylTHF ( P < 0.03 ) . 6S ] -5 - MethylTHF appeared to be as effective as , and perhaps more effective than , folic acid in preserving RBC folate concentrations during lactation ."
3883,Abstract #3883,"study the impact of different cervical cancer screening strategies including HPV testing . randomised controlled trial with a conventional arm ( conventional cytology ) and an experimental arm following two phases ( first HPV testing + conventional cytology , second HPV testing alone ) . phase one , different protocols were applied to different age groups ( 25-34 and 35-60 ) . data on test accuracy during the phase one of recruitment are summarised . women were recruited in phase one ( about 95,000 overall ) . the age group 35-60 , HPV testing ( by Hybrid Capture 2 ) alone at 2 RLU cut-off increased sensitivity vs. conventional cytology ( relative sensitivity 1.41 ; 95 % CI : 0.98-1 .02 ) with a small loss in Positive Predictive Value ( PPV ; relative PPV 0.75 ; 95 % CI : 0.45-1 .25 ) . liquid-based cytology as screening test and referring to colposcopy women positive to either only marginally increased sensitivity but strongly reduced PPV . the age group 25-34 , similar results ( relative sensitivity vs. conventional cytology 1.58 ; 95 % CI : 1.032.44 ; relative PPV 0.78 ; 95 % CI : 0.72-1 .16 ) were obtained , despite 14 % of women were HPV positive , with a strategy based on HPV alone as screening test , triaging HPV positive women by cytology , directly referring those ASCUS + to colposcopy and repeating both tests after 1 year in those with normal cytology . testing , if used as screening test , should be applied alone , with cytology triage essential in younger women but preferable at all ages . data will allow analysis of the safety of prolonging screening intervals and the relative persistence of lesions detected with different methods ."
3884,Abstract #3884,"nighttime heartburn is common . 15 mg is indicated for treatment of heartburn and other gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-related symptoms . evaluate the efficacy and safety of lansoprazole in self-treating subjects with frequent nocturnal heartburn . total of 864 subjects with heartburn on > or = 2 days/week over the past month were randomized to double-blind treatment with lansoprazole 15 or 30 mg or placebo each morning . were percentage of night times without heartburn ( primary ) , percentage of 24-h days without heartburn and percentage of subjects without heartburn on day 1 . percentage of night times without heartburn was significantly greater with lansoprazole 15 mg ( 61.3 % ) or lansoprazole 30 mg ( 61.7 % ) vs. placebo ( 47.8 % ) over 14 days ( P < 0.0001 vs. placebo for both doses ) . of 24-h days without heartburn and percentage of subjects without heartburn on day 1 were significantly greater with lansoprazole 15 or 30 mg vs. placebo . lansoprazole 15 and 30 mg were highly effective and well tolerated in reducing symptoms in subjects with frequent nighttime heartburn . benefit of therapy on 24-h heartburn and nighttime heartburn on day 1 of treatment was also evident . 15 mg is a suitable choice for management of frequent nighttime heartburn ."
3885,Abstract #3885,"long-acting bronchodilator therapy may be more effective than long-acting bronchodilator monotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily umeclidinium/vilanterol ( UMEC/VI ) 125/25 mcg with placebo and UMEC or VI monotherapy in COPD . was a double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study . total of 1493 patients were randomized ( 3:3:3:2 ) to 24 weeks of treatment with UMEC/VI 125/25 mcg , UMEC 125 mcg , VI 25 mcg , or placebo once-daily via dry powder inhaler . efficacy endpoint was trough forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) on Day 169 ( 23-24 h post-dose ) . lung-function , symptomatic and health-related quality of life endpoints were also assessed . evaluations included : adverse events , vital signs , electrocardiography and clinical laboratory measurements . active treatments significantly improved trough FEV1 vs placebo ( 0.124-0 .238 L , all p < 0.001 ) . with UMEC/VI 125/25 mcg were significantly greater than for UMEC 125 mcg or VI 25 mcg ( 0.079 L and 0.114 L ; both p0 .001 ) . for UMEC/VI 125/25 mcg vs placebo were observed for the transition dyspnea index ( 1.0 unit ; p < 0.001 ) , rescue albuterol use at Weeks 1-24 ( -1.5 puffs/day ) and St. George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( -3.60 units , p < 0.001 ) . safety signals were observed . UMEC/VI 125/25 mcg was well tolerated and provided greater improvements in lung function , health status , and dyspnea scores compared with monotherapy components and placebo over 24 weeks . study supports the use of UMEC/VI 125/25 mcg for the maintenance treatment of COPD . number : DB2113361 ; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier : NCT01313637 ."
3886,Abstract #3886,"evaluate the effect of different doses of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on diffuse diabetic macular oedema . prospective , randomised , double masked , clinical interventional study included 27 eyes ( 27 patients ) with diffuse diabetic macular oedema . were randomly divided into three study groups receiving an intravitreal injection of filtered triamcinolone acetonide of about 2 mg ( n = 8 eyes ) , 5 mg ( n = 10 ) , or 13 mg ( n = 9 ) , respectively . measurement was performed before filtration . follow up was 6.6 ( SD 2.4 ) months ( 3-12 months ) . outcome measures were visual acuity and intraocular pressure . increase in visual acuity was significantly ( p = 0.046 ; 95 % CI : 0.032 to 2.99 ; r = 0.38 ) correlated with the dosage of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide . , the duration of the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide increased significantly with the dosage of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide ( r = 0.45 ; p = 0.014 ) . in intraocular pressure during follow up was statistically not significantly associated with the dosage used ( p = 0.77 ) . patients with diffuse diabetic macular oedema receiving intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide , treatment response may last longer and be more pronounced with a dosage of 13 mg than in lower doses of 5 mg or 2 mg . acetonide induced increase in intraocular pressure may not be markedly associated with the dosage used ."
3887,Abstract #3887,"high in n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ( LCPUFA ) may modulate the development of IgE-mediated allergic disease and have been proposed as a possible allergy prevention strategy . aim of this study was to determine whether n-3 LCPUFA supplementation of pregnant women reduces IgE-mediated allergic disease in their children . of children ( n = 706 ) at hereditary risk of allergic disease in the Docosahexaenoic Acid to Optimise Mother Infant Outcome randomized controlled trial . intervention group ( n = 368 ) was randomly allocated to receive fish oil capsules ( providing 900 mg of n-3 LCPUFA daily ) from 21 weeks ' gestation until birth ; the control group ( n = 338 ) received matched vegetable oil capsules without n-3 LCPUFA . diagnosis of allergic disease was made during medical assessments at 1 and 3 years of age . differences were seen in the overall percentage of children with IgE-mediated allergic disease in the first 3 years of life between the n-3 LCPUFA and control groups ( 64/368 ( 17.3 % ) vs 76/338 ( 22.6 % ) ; adjusted relative risk 0.78 ; 95 % CI 0.58-1 .06 ; P = 0.11 ) . was the most common allergic disease ; 13.8 % of children in the n-3 LCPUFA group had eczema with sensitization compared with 19.0 % in the control group ( adjusted relative risk 0.75 ; 95 % CI 0.53-1 .05 ; P = 0.10 ) . , n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy did not significantly reduce IgE-associated allergic disease in the first 3 years of life . studies should examine whether the nonsignificant reductions in IgE-associated allergies are of clinical and public health significance ."
3888,Abstract #3888,"research has indicated that bacteria within a biofilm may undergo changes in susceptibility to antimicrobial agents when compared to planktonic forms . study was conducted to determine the bactericidal effect of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse ( Listerine Antiseptic ) on dental plaque bacteria in situ . plaque in 17 subjects was sampled at baseline from the buccal surfaces of diagonally contralateral maxillary and mandibular bicuspids and 1st molars . were then randomly assigned either an essential oil mouthrinse or a sterile saline negative control and rinsed under supervision with 20 ml for 30 s. 30 min later , plaque was sampled from the remaining contralateral posterior teeth . repeated these procedures with their respective alternate rinse after 1 week . plaque samples from each subject at each sampling period were stained with a commercially-available fluorescent stain which fluoresces live and dead bacteria green and red , respectively . stained plaque specimens were analyzed using computerized image analysis . separate in vitro study was conducted to determine the relationship between the % red stain per sample and bacterial viability . of vital stained plaque specimens indicated that following rinsing with the essential oil mouthrinse , 78.7 % of bacteria were dead compared to 27.9 % following rinsing with the negative control ( p < 0.001 ) . in vitro findings demonstrated that the % red stain per sample is reflective of actual bacterial kill . study confirms the findings of previous in vitro and in vivo studies which demonstrated the essential oil mouthrinse to have significant biocidal activity against oral micro-organisms . studies all support the primacy of a bactericidal mechanism in producing the plaque and gingivitis reductions observed in numerous clinical trials conducted on the essential oil mouthrinse ."
3889,Abstract #3889,"test whether a commercial weight loss program promotes greater weight loss in overweight or obese women compared with control conditions and to describe the effect on plasma lipids , carotenoids , hormones , and fitness . or obese women were randomized to commercial weight loss program or control conditions ( n = 35 each ) . randomization , participants were 41.1 ( 11.4 ) ( mean [ standard deviation ] ) years , BMI 34.0 ( 3.5 ) kg/m2 , and weight 92.0 ( 11.1 ) kg . 6 months , change in weight by intent-to-treat ( ITT ) analysis was -7.2 ( 6.7 ) kg and -7.8 % ( 7.2 % ) in the intervention group vs. -0.3 ( 3.9 ) kg and -0.3 % ( 4.5 % ) in the control group ( n = 35 for each ; p < 0.01 ) . ITT analysis revealed significantly greater change in weight , percent weight , BMI , and waist and hip circumferences in the intervention vs. control group . at 1 year exhibited change in weight of -7.3 ( 10.4 ) kg for the intervention group ( n = 32 ) vs. -0.7 ( 5.6 ) kg for controls ( n = 33 ) ( p < 0.01 ) , and -7.8 % ( 11.1 % ) weight change for the intervention group vs. -0.7 % ( 6.2 % ) for controls ( p < 0.01 ) . lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol concentration increased significantly in the intervention group . serum insulin decreased in the intervention but increased in the control group at 6 months ( p < 0.01 ) , remaining different at 1 year ( p = 0.05 ) . commercial program successfully facilitated weight loss , which was notably maintained at 1 year , and promoted favorable changes in plasma lipid and hormone concentrations ."
3890,Abstract #3890,"compare the interocular asymmetry in visual field loss of patients with primary open-angle ( POAG ) and primary angle-closure glaucoma ( PACG ) . entering a prospective , randomised , controlled trial of intraoperative 5-fluorouracil in glaucoma surgery in Singapore were included . visual field testing was performed using automated white-on-white perimetry ( 24-2 test pattern , threshold program , Mk II , Model 750 , Zeiss-Humphrey , San Leandro , CA , USA ) . minimum of two tests were required with mean deviation within 2 dB on two tests , fixation losses < 20 % , false positives < 33 % , and false negatives < 33 % . second field was scored using AGIS II criteria and the ` mean asymmetry score ' defined as the mean difference between eyes for both AGIS scores and global indices . 230 subjects assessed ( 128 POAG , 102 PACG ) , mean interocular asymmetry of visual field loss was greater for the PACG group . mean AGIS asymmetry scores for total ( PACG = 9.21 + / -6.87 vs POAG = 6.48 + / -5.58 , P = 0.001 ) , superior ( PACG = 4.31 + / -3.39 vs POAG = 3.35 + / -3.13 , P = 0.035 ) , and inferior ( PACG = 4.43 + / -3.31 vs POAG = 2.64 + / -2.77 , P < 0.0001 ) areas and mean deviation ( MD ) asymmetry scores ( PACG = 6.89 + / -13.22 vs POAG = 1.66 + / -16.97 , P = 0.012 ) were all significantly different . correlation of visual field loss for POAG was significant ; total AGIS , r = 0.27 ( P = 0.003 ) , superior field AGIS , r = 0.24 ( P = 0.008 ) , inferior field AGIS , r = 0.34 ( P = 0.0001 ) , and MD , r = 0.27 ( P = 0.003 ) . PACG , there was no significant correlation between eyes ; total AGIS , r = -0.02 ( P = 0.85 ) , superior field AGIS , r = -0.02 ( P = 0.82 ) , inferior field AGIS , r = -0.17 ( P = 0.87 ) , and MD , r = 0.015 ( P = 0.89 ) . was a greater asymmetry of visual field loss between eyes , as measured by AGIS scores and MD , in PACG than that in POAG ."
3891,Abstract #3891,"compare therapeutic effects of acupuncture at `` cervical three points '' combined with cake-separated moxibustion and routine acupuncture at Jiaji ( EX-B 2 ) on cervical hyperosteogeny . blind , randomized and controlled methods were used and 91 cases were divided into an observation group of 46 cases and a control group of 45 cases . observation group was treated by acupuncture at `` cervical three points '' combined with cake-separated moxibustion , i.e. acupuncture at Chonggu ( EX ) , Dazhui ( GV 14 ) , Taodao ( GV 13 ) and moxibustion at pain points with cake made by Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Paeoniae Alba ; the control group was treated with acupuncture at Jiaji ( EX-B 2 ) . of sourness and pain of the neck , the shoulder and back , pressure pain and cervical activity scores were used for assessment of therapeutic effects . markedly cured rate of 76.1 % in the observation group was better than 42.2 % in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . treatment , the scores of all the items were significantly improved in the two groups ( all P < 0.05 ) , and the observation group in sourness and pain of the neck , the shoulder and back , and cervical activity were better than the control group ( all P < 0.05 ) . therapeutic effect of acupuncture at `` cervical three points '' combined with cake-separated moxibustion on cervical hyperosteogeny is superior to routine acupuncture at Jiaji ( EX-B 2 ) ."
3892,Abstract #3892,"evaluate the effect of a soy-rich diet on urogenital symptoms , vaginal health index , and vaginal cytology in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women . perimenopausal and postmenopausal women ( mean age 52.5 + / -5.1 years ) participated in a randomized , cross-over trial with two 12-week diet periods and two 4-week washout periods before and between treatments . study diet consisted of a control diet ( soy-free diet ) and an isocaloric soy-rich diet ( 25 g soy protein in various forms of soy food containing more than 50 mg/day of isoflavones substituted for an equivalent amount of animal protein ) . were assessed for urogenital symptoms , vaginal health index , vaginal pH and vaginal cytology . single physician and the single cytopathologist were blinded with regard to onset , period and randomization number . analyses were performed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test , significance was set as P < 0.05 . compliance to the diet was shown by the significant elevation of serum levels of daidzein and genistein during the soy-rich diet period . symptoms of urge incontinence and vaginal dryness had significantly increased after 12-week of soy-free diet . other urogenital symptoms did not change in both periods . vaginal health index , the vaginal pH , the karyopyknotic index , and the maturation value were not significantly changed in both periods . soy-rich diet did not relieve the urogenital symptoms or restore the vaginal epithelium or improve the vaginal health in perimenopausal and postmenopausal Thai women ."
3893,Abstract #3893,"compared the efficacy of Entonox ( BOC Gases , Manchester , United Kingdom ) , a mixture of 50 % nitrous oxide and oxygen , with periprostatic infiltration of 1 % lidocaine to provide analgesia during transrectal ultrasound ( TRUS ) guided biopsy of the prostate . study included 235 consecutive men undergoing TRUS guided biopsy of the prostate for elevated prostate specific antigen or abnormal digital rectal examination . were randomized to 3 groups , including group 1-84 controls who did not receive any form of analgesia prior to the procedure , group 2-75 who received periprostatic infiltration with 10 ml 1 % lidocaine with biopsies performed 5 minutes after infiltration and group 3-76 who received Entonox for 2 minutes through a breath activated device prior to the procedure and thereafter according to patient preference . patients were asked to indicate the level of pain experienced before and after the procedure on a 10 cm , nonnumerical , horizontal visual analog score . were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA . patient age was 68.8 , 64.9 and 65.2 years , and mean visual analog score was 2.9 , 1.6 and 2.2 in groups 1 to 3 , respectively . in groups 2 ( 1 % lidocaine infiltration ) and 3 ( Entonox ) experienced significantly less pain during the procedure compared with group 1 controls ( p < 0.001 and 0.028 , respectively ) . was no statistical difference in pain scores between groups 2 and 3 ( p = 0.08 ) . of Entonox or periprostatic infiltration with 1 % lidocaine can be used for analgesia during TRUS guided biopsy of the prostate since each provides significant and similar pain relief ."
3894,Abstract #3894,"objective was to investigate effects of an oral nutritional supplement containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( FAs ) on quality of life , performance status , handgrip strength and physical activity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) undergoing multimodality treatment . a double-blind experiment , 40 patients with stage III NSCLC were randomised to receive 2 cans/day of a protein - and energy-dense oral nutritional supplement containing n-3 polyunsaturated FAs ( 2.02 g eicosapentaenoic acid +0.92 g docosahexaenoic acid/day ) or an isocaloric control supplement , during multimodality treatment . of life , Karnofsky Performance Status , handgrip strength and physical activity ( by wearing an accelerometer ) were assessed . of intervention were analysed by generalised estimating equations . < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant . intervention group reported significantly higher on the quality of life parameters , physical and cognitive function ( B = 11.6 and B = 20.7 , P < 0.01 ) , global health status ( B = 12.2 , P = 0.04 ) and social function ( B = 22.1 , P = 0.04 ) than the control group after 5 weeks . intervention group showed a higher Karnofsky Performance Status ( B = 5.3 , P = 0.04 ) than the control group after 3 weeks . strength did not significantly differ between groups over time . intervention group tended to have a higher physical activity than the control group after 3 and 5 weeks ( B = 6.6 , P = 0.04 and B = 2.5 , P = 0.05 ) . Polyunsaturated FAs may beneficially affect quality of life , performance status and physical activity in patients with NSCLC undergoing multimodality treatment ."
3895,Abstract #3895,"compare intrauterine device ( IUD ) use at 6 months postpartum among women who underwent intracesarean delivery ( during cesarean delivery ) IUD placement compared with women who planned for interval IUD placement 6 or more weeks postpartum . this nonblinded randomized trial , women who were undergoing a cesarean delivery and desired an IUD were randomized to intracesarean delivery or interval IUD placement . primary outcome was IUD use at 6 months postpartum . sample size of 112 ( 56 in each group ) was planned to detect a 15 % difference in IUD use at 6 months postpartum between groups . March 2012 to June 2014 , 172 women were screened and 112 women were randomized into the trial . characteristics were similar between groups . regarding IUD use at 6 months postpartum were available for 98 women , 48 and 50 women in the intracesarean delivery and interval groups , respectively . larger proportion of the women in the intracesarean delivery group were using an IUD at 6 months postpartum ( 40/48 [ 83 % ] ) compared with those in the interval group ( 32/50 [ 64 % ] , relative risk 1.3 , 95 % confidence interval 1.02-1 .66 ) . the 56 women randomized to interval IUD insertion , 22 ( 39 % ) of them never received an IUD ; 14 ( 25 % ) never returned for IUD placement , five ( 9 % ) women declined an IUD , and three ( 5 % ) had a failed IUD placement . device placement at the time of cesarean delivery leads to a higher proportion of IUD use at 6 months postpartum when compared with interval IUD placement ."
3896,Abstract #3896,"determined the prevalence of urethral Mycoplasma genitalium ( MG ) infection and whether infection was associated with circumcision status among men enrolled in the randomized trial of medical male circumcision to prevent HIV acquisition in Kisumu , Kenya . and Trichomonas vaginalis were detected in first void urine by APTIMA transcription-mediated amplification assay . void urine and urethral swabs were assessed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae ( NG ) and Chlamydia trachomatis ( CT ) by polymerase chain reaction assay . simplex virus type 2 antibodies were detected by IgG ELISA . logistic regression identified factors associated with MG infection . were collected between July and September 2010 , and 52 ( 9.9 % ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 7.3 % -12.4 % ) MG infections were detected among 526 men . gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis were not associated with MG . coinfection was 5.8 % in MG-infected men , and 0.8 % among MG-uninfected men ( P = 0.02 ) . infection was predominantly asymptomatic ( 98 % ) . prevalence of MG was 13.4 % in uncircumcised men versus 8.2 % in circumcised men ( P = 0.06 ) . circumcised nearly halved the odds of MG ( adjusted odds ratio [ aQR ] = 0.54 ; 95 % CI : 0.29-0 .99 ) , adjusted for other variables significant at the P < 0.05 level : herpes simplex virus type 2 infection ( aOR = 2.05 ; 95 % CI : 1.05-4 .00 ) , CT infection ( aOR = 2.69 ; 95 % CI : 1.44-5 .02 ) , and washing the penis 1 hour after sex ( aOR = 0.47 ; 95 % CI : 0.24-0 .95 ) . infection was reduced among men who were circumcised , adding to the benefits of male circumcision in preventing several sexually transmitted infections ."
3897,Abstract #3897,"diabetes prevention strategies that can be implemented in daily practice , without huge amounts of money and a lot of personnel are needed . Dutch Diabetes Federation developed a protocol for coaching people with impaired fasting glucose ( IFG ; according to WHO criteria : 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/l ) to a sustainable healthy lifestyle change : ` the road map towards diabetes prevention ' ( abbreviated : Road Map : RM ) . protocol is applied within a primary health care setting by a general practitioner and a practice nurse . feasibility and ( cost - ) effectiveness of care provided according to the RM protocol will be evaluated . cluster randomised clinical trial is performed , with randomisation at the level of the general practices . opportunistic screening and active case finding took place among clients with high risk factors for diabetes . IFG is diagnosed , motivated people in the intervention practices receive 3-4 consultations by the practice nurse within one year . these consultations they are coached to increase the level of physical activity and healthy dietary habits . necessary , participants are referred to a dietician , physiotherapist , lifestyle programs and/or local sports activities . control group receives care as usual . primary outcome measure in this study is change in Body Mass Index ( BMI ) . outcome measures are waist circumference , physical activity , total and saturated fat intake , systolic blood pressure , blood glucose , total cholesterol , HDL cholesterol , triglycerides and behaviour determinants like risk perception , perceived knowledge and motivation . on a sample size calculation 120 people in each group are needed . are performed at baseline , and after one ( post-intervention ) and two years follow up . and biochemical parameters are assessed in the practices and physical activity , food intake and their determinants by a validated questionnaire . cost-effectiveness is estimated by using the Chronic Disease Model ( CDM ) . will be tested by interviews among health care professionals . results of the study will provide valuable information for both health care professionals and policy makers . this study shows the RM to be both effective and cost-effective the protocol can be implemented on a large scale . . approval number : NL31342 .075.10 ."
3898,Abstract #3898,"depression is common in older adults and is associated with increased health care costs . often remains unrecognized in older adults , especially in primary care . evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a disease management program for major depression in elderly primary care patients compared with usual care . evaluation alongside a cluster randomized-controlled trial . patients of 55 years and older were screened for depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale and the PRIME-MD was used for diagnosis . practitioners in the intervention group received training on how to implement the disease management program consisting of screening , patient education , drug therapy with paroxetine , and supportive contacts . practitioners in the usual care group were blind to the screening results . in this group was not restricted in any way . of depression , recovery from depression , and quality of life . use measured over a 12-month period using interviews and valued using standard costs . in clinical outcomes between the intervention and usual care group were small and statistically insignificant . costs were 2,123 dollars in the intervention and 2,259 dollars in the usual care group ( mean difference -136 dollars , 95 % confidence interval : -1,194 dollars ; 1,110 dollars ) . planes indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in cost-effectiveness between the 2 groups . disease management program for major depression in elderly primary care patients had no statistically significant relationship with clinical outcomes , costs , and cost-effectiveness . , based on these results , continuing usual care is recommended ."
3899,Abstract #3899,"glucocorticosteroids are usually administered in two equal daily doses . simplify the method of treatment , once-daily administration has been used . , little information regarding whether once-daily treatment can sufficiently control airway inflammation is available . aimed to investigate whether once-daily administration of inhaled glucocorticosteroids can control airway inflammation . well-controlled asthma patients were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial to compare the efficacies of once-daily and twice-daily administration of inhaled glucocorticosteroids . , the patients were randomly assigned to receive either once-daily or twice-daily administration for 16 weeks . an 8-week washout period , patients who originally received twice-daily administration were assigned to once-daily administration for 16 weeks and vice versa . assessed the changes in the forced expiratory volume in 1s , morning and evening peak expiratory flows , asthma symptoms , health-related quality of life and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels . with once-daily administration showed the same level of clinical control and lung functions as patients receiving twice-daily administration . was no difference in the fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels between the beginning and end of the twice-daily treatment ( 35.69 and 33.23 ppb , respectively ) . contrast , the fractional exhaled nitric oxide level was significantly higher at the end of the once-daily treatment ( 33.87 and 39.38 ppb , respectively , p < 0.001 ) . once-daily administration is sufficient for clinical control of asthma , it might not control airway inflammation sufficiently ."
3900,Abstract #3900,", a selective peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist , effectively treats opioid-induced constipation ( OIC ) in patients with advanced illness and shows efficacy in patients with chronic nonmalignant pain . objective was to identify patients who achieved maximal treatment effect based on response to initial four methylnaltrexone doses . post hoc analysis of a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study evaluating patients with OIC and chronic nonmalignant pain who received 12mg subcutaneous methylnaltrexone daily for 4 weeks was performed to determine if response to the first four methylnaltrexone doses predicted overall response during the study . receiving 8 doses were included . having 3 rescue-free bowel movements ( RFBMs ) / week ; change from baseline in RFBMs/week ; percentage of doses with RFBMs within 4 hours after dosing . 137 patients , 58 patients ( 42.3 % ) had RFBMs after 2 of four doses . those with response to 2 of four doses , 81 % had 3 RFBMs/week vs. 43 % for those with response to < 2 of four ( P < 0.0001 ) . with RFBMs after 2 of first four doses averaged 4.8 RFBMs/week vs. 2.0 RFBMs/week for those with < 2 of four ( P < 0.0001 ) . of subsequent injections resulting in RFBMs within 4 hours was 45.927.6 for those with response to 2 of four doses vs. 17.1 19.1 for those with response to < 2 of four ( P < 0.0001 ) . pain was the most frequently reported adverse event . response to 2 of first four doses of methylnaltrexone identified patients who demonstrated a particularly robust effect of treatment over the duration of use ."
3901,Abstract #3901,"medical clinics ( GMC ) combine medication management and self-management training , and may improve diabetes outcomes . remains unclear which patients benefit most from GMC . secondary analysis examined the impact of baseline insulin regimen on GMC response . analyzed a trial of 239 veterans with type 2 diabetes randomized to GMC or usual care ( UC ) . categorized baseline insulin regimen as the following : no insulin ; basal insulin only ; or complex insulin ( basal-prandial or mixed regimens ) . linear mixed models adjusted for clustering within GMC , we evaluated the differential impact of GMC relative to UC on hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) and self-efficacy among patients on different baseline insulin regimens . linear mixed models , the effect of GMC on HbA1c differed by baseline insulin regimen versus UC ( P = 0.05 ) ; there was no differential effect on self-efficacy ( P = 0.29 ) . those using complex insulin regimens at baseline , GMC reduced HbA1c by study end compared with UC ( -1.0 % ; 95 % CI -1.8 to -0.2 ; P = 0.01 ) . found no such HbA1c difference between GMC and UC patients using no insulin ( P = 0.65 ) or basal insulin only ( P = 0.71 ) . were no clinically significant differences in hypoglycemia by baseline insulin regimen and intervention group . found that compared with UC , GMC lowered HbA1c specifically among patients using complex insulin regimens at study baseline , which may relate to this group 's demanding medication and self-management requirements . GMC among patients using complex insulin regimens may maximize this care delivery strategy 's potential ."
3902,Abstract #3902,"compare the use of one and two blood samples for diagnosing hypercholesterolemia test-retest substudy conducted as part of a randomized control trial designed to compare the effectiveness of different counseling strategies for lowering serum cholesterol , dietary fat , and dietary cholesterol in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia . urban family practices . hundred forty-two patients provided two blood samples for total cholesterol ( TC ) level determination at two different times ( test results were being used as an eligibility criterion for enrollment in the main trial ) . of subjects correctly classified to cholesterol risk category ( normal < 6.2 mmol/L ; moderate 6.2 to 6.9 mmol/L ; high > 6.9 mmol/L ) on the basis of one TC value and on the average of two TC values . misclassification rate on initial TC level was 22.5 % . false-positive rate was 19.0 % , but false-positive rate for those initially assigned to the high category was 50 % . false-negative rate was 3.5 % . rates did not differ statistically on the basis of age , sex , blood pressure , smoking status , family history of coronary heart disease , presence of diabetes , obesity , the laboratory used , or whether the patient had fasted before giving blood . TC levels are too unreliable for diagnostic purposes , even if the subjects fast before testing . physicians should base their treatment decisions on the average of two cholesterol readings taken at different times 1 to 8 weeks apart ."
3903,Abstract #3903,"( prodrug of PSI-6130 ) shows potent antiviral efficacy in patients infected with hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) genotypes 1 , 2 , or 3 , with mean viral load decreases of 2.7 and 5 log ( 10 ) IU/mL , respectively , associated with 1500-mg doses twice daily after monotherapy for 2 weeks and with 1000-mg and 1500-mg doses twice daily after treatment in combination with the standard of care ( SOC ) for 4 weeks . 32 patients treated with RG7128 monotherapy for 2 weeks , marginal viral load rebound was observed in 3 HCV genotype 1-infected patients , whereas partial response was observed in 2 genotype 1-infected patients . 85 patients receiving RG7128 in combination with SOC , 1 HCV genotype 1-infected patient experienced a viral rebound , and 2 genotype 3-infected patients experienced a transient rebound . genotype 1-infected patients had an HCV load of > 1000 IU/mL at the end of 4-week treatment . viral resistance was observed , per NS5B sequencing and phenotypic studies . resistance substitution S282T needs to be present at levels of 90 % within a patient 's quasispecies to confer low-level resistance . evidence of S282T was found by population or clonal sequence analyses . requirement for a predominant S282T mutant quasispecies , its low replication capacity , and the low-level resistance it confers probably contribute to the lack of RG7128 resistance observed in HCV-infected patients ."
3904,Abstract #3904,"recently demonstrated that a 2-year subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline ( SDD ) regimen ( double-masked , placebo-controlled clinical trial ) in postmenopausal ( PM ) women exhibiting mild systemic bone loss ( osteopenia ) and local bone loss ( periodontitis ) reduced the progression of periodontal attachment loss ( intent-to-treat analysis ) and the severity of gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss ( subgroups ) without producing antibiotic side effects . now describe SDD effects on biomarkers of collagen degradation and bone resorption in the gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) of the same vulnerable subjects . was collected from SDD - and placebo-treated PM subjects ( n = 64 each ) at the baseline and 1 - and 2-year appointments ; the volume was determined ; and the samples were analyzed for collagenase activity ( using a synthetic peptide as substrate ) , relative levels of three genetically distinct collagenases ( Western blot ) , a type-1 collagen breakdown product/bone resorption marker ( a carboxyterminal telopeptide cross-link fragment of type I collagen [ ICTP ] ; radioimmunoassay ) , and interleukin-1beta ( enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ) . analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations ; primary analyses were intent-to-treat . activity was significantly reduced by SDD treatment relative to placebo based on intent-to-treat ( P = 0.01 ) . showed a similar pattern of change during SDD treatment , and GCF collagenase activity and ICTP were positively correlated at all time periods ( P < 0.001 ) . metalloproteinase ( MMP ) -8 accounted for approximately 80 % of total collagenase in GCF , with much less MMP-1 and -13 , and SDD reduced the odds of elevated MMP-8 by 60 % compared to placebo ( P = 0.006 ) . observations support the therapeutic potential of long-term SDD therapy to reduce periodontal collagen breakdown and alveolar bone resorption in PM women ; effects on serum biomarkers of systemic bone loss in these subjects are being analyzed ."
3905,Abstract #3905,"evaluate the efficacy of a combined therapy with levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension and pemirolast potassium ophthalmic solution compared to single therapy with levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension alone . allergic conjunctivitis patients were randomized to combined-treatment ( n = 15 ) or single-treatment groups ( n = 17 ) . improvement of subjective symptoms as well as objective findings were evaluated . degree of improvement was significantly higher in the combined-treatment group for lacrimation ( p = 0.008 ) among the subjective symptoms , for conjunctival edema ( p = 0.030 ) , eyelid edema ( p = 0.032 ) and conjunctival papilla formation ( p = 0.040 ) among the objective findings . objective assessments and subjective symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis showed the greatest improvements when patients were treated with combined therapy as compared to single-agent therapy . enhanced benefits of combined therapy may result from these agents having different mechanisms of action ."
3906,Abstract #3906,"exercise induced desaturation can occur in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) , little is known about its frequency during everyday exercise , or how it relates to dyspnoea or prior drug treatment . effects of 200 micrograms inhaled oxitropium bromide , an anticholinergic bronchodilator drug , on spirometric values , dyspnoea score , and oxygen saturation during corridor walking and cycle ergometry were studied in a double blind , randomised , placebo controlled study . produced a small increase in forced expired volume in one second ( FEV1 ) from 0.76 ( 0.28 ) 1 to 0.93 ( 0.69 ) 1 and in six minute walking distance from 311 ( 93 ) m to 332 ( 86 ) m , but did not change progressive cycle exercise duration . and end exercise breathlessness levels were reduced in both forms of exercise after oxitropium . oxygen saturation fell significantly after active bronchodilator from 92.9 % ( 3.7 % ) to 92.0 % ( 4.1 % ) but the nadir saturation during exercise was unchanged . patients desaturated more during corridor walking than cycle ergometry [ walking 7.8 % ( 4.4 % ) , cycle ergometry 2.1 % ( 2.1 % ) ] . walking distance was related to FVC , resting breathlessness and resting oxygen saturation ( multiple r2 = 0.46 ) but only resting saturation correlated with end exercise breathlessness ( r2 = -0.25 ) . in symptoms or exercise performance after oxitropium could not be predicted by changes in spirometric indices or oxygen saturation . patients with COPD arterial oxygen desaturation during self-paced walking is common , of greater severity than that during cycle ergometry , but is unaffected by inhaled oxitropium bromide . factors that predict initial performance are not appropriate markers of functional improvement after an active bronchodilator drug ."
3907,Abstract #3907,"compare the influence of vaginal micronized progesterone and oral dydrogesterone supplementation on uteroplacental circulation in early pregnancy that is complicated by threatened abortion . , parallel group , double-blind , double dummy-controlled study . care university hospital . patients with threatened abortion and a living embryo . hundred milligrams of micronized vaginal progesterone or 30 mg of oral dydrogesterone daily supplementation for 6 weeks , serial transvaginal Doppler ultrasound measurement of pulsatility index , resistance index , and systolic/diastolic ratio of the spiral arteries , the uterine arteries , and the intrachorionic area . blood flow . study demonstrated that vaginal progesterone administration , but not oral dydrogesterone treatment , results in the decrease in the spiral artery pulsatility and resistance index and systolic/diastolic ratio . decrease in pulsatility index and resistance index of the uterine artery was observed at > 9 weeks and was not associated with treatment regimen . treatment was only accompanied by the decrease in the uterine artery systolic/diastolic ratio . progesterone and oral dydrogesterone supplementation have a different influence on the uteroplacental circulation in early pregnancy that is complicated by threatened abortion ."
3908,Abstract #3908,"present our experience with the Burch procedure in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence ( USI ) and the assessment of the causes of failure with this technique . January 1987 to june 1997 this technique was applied to 157 patients with USI . mean age of these women was 54.2 years ( 30-76 ) and the mean follow-up was 50.24 months . examination , urethral profile and the severity of the USI were not considered in the indication of the procedure . three months , we had total continence or improvement in 80.7 % . rate decreased to 76 % after one year . the second year it was 70 % , maintained to fifth year . the severity of incontinence , in patients with mild-moderate grade , we obtained good outcomes after 5 years in 87 % . there was associated detrusor alterations , the rate decreased to 51.8 % , and with a bad urethral profile , decreased to 42.4 % . Burch procedure is useful in the treatment of USI but requires a good selection of the patients ."
3909,Abstract #3909,"swelling after total knee arthroplasty may impair postoperative mobilisation and training , and as medical elastic compression stockings are well tolerated and effective to prevent oedema , haematoma and postoperative pain after venous surgery , we wanted to study whether this effect could be transferred to total knee arthroplasty surgery reducing postoperative swelling and pain and thereby facilitating mobilisation and improving patient-reported knee function . a randomised controlled study , 88 patients were randomised to use either a medical elastic compression stocking or no stocking from the first postoperative day and the following 4weeks after total knee arthroplasty . measures were knee , calf and ankle swelling , knee flexion , pain and patient-reported knee function . per cent of the swelling had occurred before application of the stocking the day after surgery . , calf and ankle swelling and knee flexion measured on days 2 , 7 , 14 and 30 showed no significant difference between the two groups . pain level at rest and at walking was similar for both groups during the observation period . , the Oxford knee score was similar between the two groups on days 14 and 30 . did not find any clinical effect using a medical elastic compression stocking after total knee arthroplasty ."
3910,Abstract #3910,"determine if droperidol has a morphine-sparing effect when coadministered with morphine via patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) for postoperative pain management . randomized , double-blind clinical study . of Anesthesiology , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Taiwan . hundred seventy-nine American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and 2 female patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy . the end of surgery , patients in the droperidol group received PCA , with the device programmed to deliver a bolus dose of 1 mg morphine and 50 mug droperidol on demand . in the control group received 1 mg morphine on demand . both groups , PCA lockout was 5 minutes between boluses , with a 4-hour morphine limit of 30 mg . intensity at rest or on movement and relative sedation score were evaluated and recorded at 6 , 12 , 24 , 48 , and 72 hours after surgery . side effects were also evaluated and recorded on postoperative days 1 , 2 , and 3 . use was significantly lower for the droperidol group than the control group during the postoperative 72-hour period ( 33.9 + / - 9.8 and 54.9 + / - 12.1 mg , respectively ) , with significantly decreased pain intensity levels for the former relative to the latter at 48 hours ( pain intensity on movement : 3.9 + / - 1.2 vs 4.3 + / - 0.9 , respectively ; P = .049 ) and 72 hours ( pain intensity on movement : 3.0 + / - 1.1 vs 3.6 + / - 0.5 , respectively ; P = .003 ; pain intensity at rest : 1.3 + / - 1.0 vs 1.6 + / - 0.7 , respectively ; P = .033 ) subsequent to surgery . subjects demonstrated a greater frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting than did their droperidol counterparts on postoperative day 1 . of 50 mug droperidol and 1 mg morphine on demand via PCA provides a morphine-sparing effect and reduces the frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting ."
3911,Abstract #3911,"observe the therapeutic effects of valsartan on hypertension secondary to chronic renal diseases . patients with renal hypertension were examined for plasma K ( + ) , Na ( + ) , Cl ( - ) , 24-hour urine protein , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , serum creatinine ( SCr ) , erythropoietin ( EPO ) before and 8 weeks after of valsartan therapy . valsartan therapy for 8 weeks , no significant changes took place in plasma K ( + ) , Na ( + ) , Cl ( - ) , BUN , SCr , EPO , but 24-hour urine protein was significantly reduced . significantly reduce 24-hour urine protein without significantly affecting plasma K ( + ) , Na ( + ) , Cl ( - ) , BUN , SCr , and EPO in patients with hypertension secondary to chronic renal diseases ."
3912,Abstract #3912,"feedback from the old TEAM ( Trauma Evaluation and Management ) program prompted introduction of simulated trauma patient models in the new program . after the new and old programs was compared to assess the impact of the simulated patient models . year medical students randomly assigned to control and experimental groups completed a 20-item trauma multiple choice questionnaire examination ( MCQE ) . experimental groups attended the old or new TEAM program before completing a second MCQE and the control groups completed the same post-test without the TEAM programs . used paired t tests for within and unpaired t tests for between group comparisons of the control and experimental groups ' performances on the MCQ pre - and post-tests . a 1 to 5 scale , students graded if objectives were met ; trauma knowledge improved ; trauma skills improved ; overall satisfaction ; and if TEAM should be mandatory . scores increased significantly after both the old and new programs but the increase was statistically significantly greater after the new program . the old TEAM , 51.6 % rated improvement in trauma skills at 4 or greater compared with 97.3 % in the new program . large percentage of students in the old program requested more hands-on teaching . students , 85 % scored honors pass mark after completion of the new TEAM format , and no honors pass marks were achieved after completion of the old TEAM format . trauma patient models were rated highly and improved both trauma skills and knowledge . application of these teaching models is suggested ."
3913,Abstract #3913,"management and endotracheal intubation are essential skills for pediatric residents . technology is used for training residents but it remains unclear whether high fidelity simulation results in better retention of skills compared to low fidelity . study assesses high fidelity simulation of endotracheal intubation and traditional low fidelity training in improving pediatric residents ' knowledge retention and technical skills ; and if the difference translates into higher `` real time '' intubation success rates . and third year pediatric residents were randomized into high fidelity ( intervention ) or low fidelity simulation ( control ) groups . management and intubation skills were taught using a didactic lecture and demonstration on low fidelity mannequins . was assessed before randomization ( T0 ) and 6 months after training ( T6 ) . outcome measures were : 1 ) airway management and intubation skills at T6 and T12 ( 12 months later ) and 2 ) successful intubation of actual patients by T12 . out of 11 residents completed the intervention . knowledge improved for both groups . made less mistakes ( M ) overtime : M ( T0 ) = 3.2 and M ( T6 ) = 2.6 for the intervention group , and M ( T0 ) = 4 and M ( T6 ) = 2.40 for the control . was no significant effect of fidelity on intubation skills or the number of successful intubations recorded in logbooks ( allp > 0.05 ) . some instances intubation skills showed regression over time . fidelity simulation showed no impact on residents ' airway management and intubation skills . of theoretical knowledge persisted over time while practical skills remained at baseline or declined ."
3914,Abstract #3914,"clamping of the umbilical cord increases the infant 's iron endowment at birth and haemoglobin concentration at 2 months of age . aimed to assess whether a 2-minute delay in the clamping of the umbilical cord of normal-weight , full-term infants improved iron and haematological status up to 6 months of age . mother-infant pairs were recruited at a large obstetrics hospital in Mexico City , Mexico , randomly assigned to delayed clamping ( 2 min after delivery of the infant 's shoulders ) or early clamping ( around 10 s after delivery ) , and followed up until 6 months postpartum . outcomes were infant haematological status and iron status at 6 months of age , and analysis was by intention-to-treat . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00298051 . ( 75 % ) mother-infant pairs completed the trial . 6 months of age , infants who had delayed clamping had significantly higher mean corpuscular volume ( 81.0 fL vs 79.5 fL 95 % CI -2.5 to -0.6 , p = 0.001 ) , ferritin ( 50.7 mug/L vs 34.4 mug/L 95 % CI -30.7 to -1.9 , p = 0.0002 ) , and total body iron . effect of delayed clamping was significantly greater for infants born to mothers with low ferritin at delivery , breastfed infants not receiving iron-fortified milk or formula , and infants born with birthweight between 2500 g and 3000 g. cord clamping delay of 2 minutes increased 6-month iron stores by about 27-47 mg . in cord clamping of 2 minutes could help prevent iron deficiency from developing before 6 months of age , when iron-fortified complementary foods could be introduced ."
3915,Abstract #3915,"frequent follow-up after treatment for breast cancer does not meet its intended aims , but does depend on expensive and scarce specialized knowledge for routine history taking and physical examinations . study described in this paper compared patient satisfaction with a reduced follow-up strategy , i.e. nurse-led telephone follow-up , to satisfaction with traditional hospital follow-up . satisfaction was assessed among patients ( n = 299 ) who were participants of a randomized controlled trial investigating the cost-effectiveness of several follow-up strategies in the first year after treatment for breast cancer . on patient satisfaction were collected at baseline , three , six and 12 months after treatment , using the Dutch version of Ware 's Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire III ( PSQ III ) . addition to general satisfaction , the PSQ III reports on satisfaction scores for technical competence , interpersonal aspects , and access of care . analysis was used to predict satisfaction scores from whether or not nurse-led telephone follow-up was received . telephone follow-up had no statistically significant influence on general patient satisfaction ( p = 0.379 ) , satisfaction with technical competence ( p = 0.249 ) , and satisfaction with interpersonal aspects ( p = 0.662 ) . access of care , patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher for patients receiving telephone follow-up ( p = 0.015 ) . , a mean difference at 12 months of 3.1 points was judged to be not clinically relevant . meaningful differences were found in satisfaction scores between nurse-led telephone and hospital follow-up in the first year after breast cancer treatment . high satisfaction scores and the potential to substantially reduce clinic visits , nurse-led telephone follow-up may be an acceptable alternative to traditional hospital follow-up . 74071417 ."
3916,Abstract #3916,"purpose of this study was to determine the potential effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of zalcitabine in HIV-positive patients . patients received single oral 1.5 mg doses of zalcitabine alone and during probenecid treatment ( 500 mg at 8 and 2 hours before and 4 hours after zalcitabine dosing ) in an open-label , randomized two-way crossover study with a one-week washout period between treatments . blood and urine samples were collected over a 24 hour period and assayed for zalcitabine by a modified GC/MS method . of probenecid with zalcitabine resulted in a decrease in mean ( % CV ) renal clearance of zalcitabine from 310 ( 28 % ) ml/min when zalcitabine was given alone to 180 ( 22 % ) ml/min with probenecid and a prolonged half-life from 1.7 hours to 2.5 hours . AUCs increased from 59 ng.h / ml when zalcitabine was given alone to 91 ng.h / ml when given with probenecid . the short half-life of zalcitabine ( 1-3 hours ) relative to its dosing schedule , the pharmacokinetic changes observed in this study are not expected to result in significant accumulation during chronic dosing . results of this study show that co-administration of probenecid with zalcitabine results in a moderate decrease in renal clearance of zalcitabine due to inhibition of renal tubular secretion and a 50 % increase in drug exposure . well tolerated in this single-dose study , patients taking this combination should be monitored closely for signs of toxicity and dosage reduction should be considered if warranted ."
3917,Abstract #3917,"is known about the effect of specific anti-interleukin-23 therapy , as compared with established anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies , for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis . a 52-week , phase 2 , dose-ranging , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , active-comparator trial , we compared guselkumab ( CNTO 1959 ) , an anti-interleukin-23 monoclonal antibody , with adalimumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis . total of 293 patients were randomly assigned to receive guselkumab ( 5 mg at weeks 0 and 4 and every 12 weeks thereafter , 15 mg every 8 weeks , 50 mg at weeks 0 and 4 and every 12 weeks thereafter , 100 mg every 8 weeks , or 200 mg at weeks 0 and 4 and every 12 weeks thereafter ) through week 40 , placebo , or adalimumab ( standard dosage for psoriasis ) . week 16 , patients in the placebo group crossed over to receive guselkumab at a dose of 100 mg every 8 weeks . primary end point was the proportion of patients with a Physician 's Global Assessment ( PGA ) score of 0 ( indicating cleared psoriasis ) or 1 ( indicating minimal psoriasis ) at week 16 . week 16 , the proportion of patients with a PGA score of 0 or 1 was significantly higher in each guselkumab group than in the placebo group : 34 % in the 5-mg group , 61 % in the 15-mg group , 79 % in the 50-mg group , 86 % in the 100-mg group , and 83 % in the 200-mg group , as compared with 7 % in the placebo group ( P0 .002 for all comparisons ) . , the proportion was significantly higher in the 50-mg , 100-mg , and 200-mg guselkumab groups than in the adalimumab group ( 58 % ) ( P < 0.05 for all comparisons ) . week 16 , the proportion of patients with at least a 75 % improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores was significantly higher in each guselkumab group than in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 for all comparisons ) . week 40 , the proportion of patients with a PGA score of 0 or 1 remained significantly higher in the 50-mg , 100-mg , and 200-mg guselkumab groups than in the adalimumab group ( 71 % , 77 % , and 81 % , respectively , vs. 49 % ) ( P < 0.05 for all comparisons ) . week 0 and week 16 , infections were observed in 20 % of the patients in the guselkumab groups , 12 % in the adalimumab group , and 14 % in the placebo group . results of this phase 2 trial suggest that guselkumab may be an effective therapy for plaque psoriasis and that control of psoriasis can be achieved with specific anti-interleukin-23 therapy . Funded by Janssen Research and Development ; X-PLORE ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01483599 . )"
3918,Abstract #3918,"investigate the benefits of long-term therapy with Xuezhikang , a cholestin extract , in combination with calcium channel blockers for improvement of left ventricular ( LV ) hypertrophy and function in patients with essential hypertension , as determined using echocardiography . ( 55 ) hypertensive patients with normal blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) levels were randomly assigned to the Xuezhikang group ( n = 28 , 1200 mg/d of Xuezhikang ) or the placebo group ( n = 27 , matched placebo ) . of the patients were treated with extended-release nifedipine ( 20 mg twice daily ) . ( 30 ) normotensive subjects , matched for age and gender , were selected as a control group . echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging were used to measure the left ventricle ( LV ) wall thickness and LV diastolic function at weeks 0 , 24 , and 72 during the period of observation . serum levels of lipids , carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I ( PIP ) , and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) were determined as well . hypertensive patients had significantly elevated PIP and CRP levels in serum , increased LV wall thickness , and impaired LV diastolic function compared with the normotensive subjects ( 0.01 < p < 0.05 ) . with the placebo group , the transmitral flow velocities ( E/A ratio ) ( 1.11 + / - 0.36 versus 0.85 + / - 0.24 , p < 0.01 ) and the myocardial motion velocities ( Em/Am ratio ) at the septal mitral annulus ( 0.90 + / - 0.19 versus 0.70 + / - 0.18 , p < 0.05 ) and the lateral mitral annulus ( 1.06 + / - 0.20 versus 0.86 + / - 0.14 , p < 0.01 ) were significantly increased , while there was no significant change in the LV wall thickness after 72 weeks of therapy with Xuezhikang . serum levels of PIP ( 0.43 + / - 0.13 ng/mL versus 0.51 + / - 0.20 ng/mL , p < 0.05 ) and CRP ( 0.32 + / - 0.13 mg/L versus 0.40 + / -0.17 mg/L , p < 0.05 ) were significantly reduced compared to placebo treatment . was no significant correlation between changes in LV diastolic function and blood pressure or lipid profile with Xuezhikang therapy . therapy with Xuezhikang improved LV diastolic function , probably mediated through antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects and independent of blood pressure and lipid profiles in patients with essential hypertension ."
3919,Abstract #3919,"aim of this study was to explore feasibility , safety and outcome of an exercise intervention in people with Huntington 's disease . randomized controlled pilot trial . home-based exercise programme . total of 25 subjects with early to mid-stage Huntington 's disease . were randomly allocated to either an exercise intervention ( n = 13 ) or a control group ( n = 12 ) . in the exercise intervention group were asked to perform exercises at home three times a week for eight weeks using an exercise DVD , specifically developed for this purpose . control group received their usual care . in the intervention group was calculated from exercise diaries . of gait , balance , function , level of physical activity and quality of life were evaluated . of covariance was used to compare follow-up scores across groups after adjustment for chance baseline differences . sizes were calculated . participants from the intervention and ten from the control group completed the study . adherence was 29.4 SD 1.8 for the 32 prescribed sessions . were no related adverse events . between groups were observed in gait speed , balance , function and level of physical activity , but not quality of life as measured by the SF36 . sizes were large ( > 0.8 ) for the majority of the outcomes . structured home exercise programmes are feasible , beneficial and safe for people with early to mid-stage of Huntington 's disease . findings support the implementation of a larger trial of longer-term home exercise ."
3920,Abstract #3920,"premenstrual dysphoric disorder ( PMDD ) is one of the main problems of the premenstrual phase . consists of symptoms that sometimes invalidate the scope of employment , social and psycho-affective of patients , requiring thus a diagnostic and therapeutic approach as detailed and accurate as possible . therapeutic strategies available for this disease are many , but recently the emphasis has been on Vitex agnus castus ( VAC ) , considered by many as evidence drug of choice for both PMS and for the PMDD , being with satisfactory therapeutic properties and small side effects . study evaluated a group of patients suffering from PMDD and the clinical efficacy of treatment with VAC ( and compared the effectiveness of the results of a more homogeneous group of patients treated with fluoxetine ) . study confirms the data reported in the literature regarding the effectiveness of VAC therapy with no side effects ."
3921,Abstract #3921,"cells ( CDCs ) reduce scarring after myocardial infarction , increase viable myocardium , and boost cardiac function in preclinical models . aimed to assess safety of such an approach in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction . the prospective , randomised CArdiosphere-Derived aUtologous stem CElls to reverse ventricUlar dySfunction ( CADUCEUS ) trial , we enrolled patients 2-4 weeks after myocardial infarction ( with left ventricular ejection fraction of 25-45 % ) at two medical centres in the USA . independent data coordinating centre randomly allocated patients in a 2:1 ratio to receive CDCs or standard care . patients assigned to receive CDCs , autologous cells grown from endomyocardial biopsy specimens were infused into the infarct-related artery 15-3 months after myocardial infarction . primary endpoint was proportion of patients at 6 months who died due to ventricular tachycardia , ventricular fibrillation , or sudden unexpected death , or had myocardial infarction after cell infusion , new cardiac tumour formation on MRI , or a major adverse cardiac event ( MACE ; composite of death and hospital admission for heart failure or non-fatal recurrent myocardial infarction ) . also assessed preliminary efficacy endpoints on MRI by 6 months . analysers were masked to group assignment . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT00893360 . May 5 , 2009 , and Dec 16 , 2010 , we randomly allocated 31 eligible participants of whom 25 were included in a per-protocol analysis ( 17 to CDC group and eight to standard of care ) . baseline left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) was 39 % ( SD 12 ) and scar occupied 24 % ( 10 ) of left ventricular mass . samples yielded prescribed cell doses within 36 days ( SD 6 ) . complications were reported within 24 h of CDC infusion . 6 months , no patients had died , developed cardiac tumours , or MACE in either group . patients ( 24 % ) in the CDC group had serious adverse events compared with one control ( 13 % ; p = 100 ) . with controls at 6 months , MRI analysis of patients treated with CDCs showed reductions in scar mass ( p = 0001 ) , increases in viable heart mass ( p = 001 ) and regional contractility ( p = 002 ) , and regional systolic wall thickening ( p = 0015 ) . , changes in end-diastolic volume , end-systolic volume , and LVEF did not differ between groups by 6 months . show intracoronary infusion of autologous CDCs after myocardial infarction is safe , warranting the expansion of such therapy to phase 2 study . unprecedented increases we noted in viable myocardium , which are consistent with therapeutic regeneration , merit further assessment of clinical outcomes . National Heart , Lung and Blood Institute and Cedars-Sinai Board of Governors Heart Stem Cell Center ."
3922,Abstract #3922,"are a common adverse event during hospitalization of older adults , and few interventions have been shown to prevent them . study was a 3-group randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of 2 forms of multimedia patient education compared with usual care for the prevention of in-hospital falls . hospital patients ( n = 1206 ) admitted to a mixture of acute ( orthopedic , respiratory , and medical ) and subacute ( geriatric and neurorehabilitation ) hospital wards at 2 Australian hospitals were recruited between January 2008 and April 2009 . interventions were a multimedia patient education program based on the health-belief model combined with trained health professional follow-up ( complete program ) , multi-media patient education materials alone ( materials only ) , and usual care ( control ) . data were collected by blinded research assistants by reviewing hospital incident reports , hand searching medical records , and conducting weekly patient interviews . of falls per 1000 patient-days did not differ significantly between groups ( control , 9.27 ; materials only , 8.61 ; and complete program , 7.63 ) . , there was a significant interaction between the intervention and presence of cognitive impairment . were less frequent among cognitively intact patients in the complete program group ( 4.01 per 1000 patient-days ) than among cognitively intact patients in the materials-only group ( 8.18 per 1000 patient-days ) ( adjusted hazard ratio , 0.51 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.28-0 .93 ] ) and control group ( 8.72 per 1000 patient-days ) ( adjusted hazard ratio , 0.43 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.24-0 .78 ) . patient education with trained health professional follow-up reduced falls among patients with intact cognitive function admitted to a range of hospital wards . Registration anzctr.org.au Identifier : ACTRN12608000015347 ."
3923,Abstract #3923,"role of lung volume reduction surgery ( LVRS ) for individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin ( AAT ) deficiency is unclear . assess the role of LVRS in individuals with severe deficiency of AAT , outcomes within the National Emphysema Treatment Trial were analyzed . 1218 randomized subjects , 16 ( 1.3 % ) had severe AAT deficiency ( serum level < 80 mg/dL ) and a consistent phenotype ( when available ) . of these 16 patients include 87.5 % male ; median serum AAT level , 55.5 mg/dL ; age , 66 years ; forced expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV1 ) , 27 % predicted ; and 50 % had upper-lobe-predominant emphysema . 10 subjects randomized to LVRS underwent the procedure . the small number of subjects hampered statistical analysis , 2-year mortality was higher with surgery ( 20 % versus 0 % ) than with medical treatment . of outcomes between the 10 AAT-deficient and the 554 AAT-replete subjects undergoing LVRS showed a greater increase in exercise capacity at 6 months in replete subjects and a trend toward lower and shorter duration FEV1 rise in deficient individuals . study extends to 49 cases the published experience of LVRS in severe AAT deficiency . the small number of subjects precludes firm conclusions , trends of lower magnitude and duration of FEV1 rise after surgery in AAT-deficient versus AAT-replete subjects and higher mortality in deficient individuals randomized to surgery versus medical treatment suggest caution in recommending LVRS in AAT deficiency ."
3924,Abstract #3924,"is a well-known complication of cardiac transplantation . conducted a randomized trial comparing alendronate with calcitriol for the prevention of bone loss during the first year after cardiac transplantation . total of 149 patients were randomly assigned to receive either alendronate ( 10 mg per day ) or calcitriol ( 0.5 microg per day ) a mean ( + / - SD ) of 21 + / -11 days after transplantation . of bone loss and the incidence of fractures among untreated patients were obtained from a reference group of 27 prospectively recruited patients who received cardiac transplants within the same period as the intervention groups . one year , the bone mineral density at the lumbar spine had decreased by a mean of 0.7 percent in the alendronate group and 1.6 percent in the calcitriol group ( P = 0.25 for the test of no difference ) . bone mineral density at the femoral neck decreased by a mean of 1.7 percent in the alendronate group and 2.1 percent in the calcitriol group ( P = 0.69 ) . the reference group , the mean bone mineral density at the lumbar spine decreased by 3.2 percent ( P = 0.03 for the comparison with the alendronate group ; P = 0.15 for the comparison with the calcitriol group ) , and the mean density at the femoral neck decreased by 6.2 percent ( P = 0.001 for comparisons with both intervention groups ) . incidence of vertebral fractures did not differ significantly among the groups ( 6.8 percent in the alendronate group , 3.6 percent in the calcitriol group , and 13.6 percent in the reference group ) . developed in 27 percent of the patients in the calcitriol group and 7 percent of those in the alendronate group ( P = 0.01 ) . degree of bone loss and the rates of fracture did not differ significantly between the intervention groups . was associated with a higher risk of hypercalciuria . patients sustained less bone loss at the spine than those in the reference group , and both intervention groups sustained less bone loss at the hip than the reference group . requirement for monitoring the serum and urinary calcium levels in calcitriol-treated patients makes alendronate more attractive for the prevention of bone loss early after cardiac transplantation ."
3925,Abstract #3925,"with transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke have a high risk of recurrent stroke and death . acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA , aspirin ) is proven and accepted as standard therapy in these patients , recent trials demonstrate that a combination of ASA and dipyridamole ( DP ) or clopidogrel may be superior to ASA . the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may also reduce recurrent stroke . ongoing PRoFESS ( Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes ) trial is designed to evaluate whether ASA + extended-release DP compared to clopidogrel , and whether telmisartan in addition to usual care in individuals after a stroke , will reduce the risk of further strokes . is a multicenter , randomized , double-blind trial involving 695 sites from 35 countries or regions . > or = 50 years presenting with an ischemic stroke < 120 days who were stable were randomized . primary outcome for the trial is recurrent stroke , using a time-to-event analysis . most important secondary outcome is the composite of stroke , myocardial infarction or vascular death . secondary outcomes include this composite + congestive heart failure , new-onset diabetes , other designated occlusive vascular events ( pulmonary embolism , deep-vein thrombosis , peripheral arterial occlusion , transient ischemic attack , cerebral venous thrombosis or retinal vascular accident not classified as stroke ) , any death , stroke subtype by TOAST criteria and Mini Mental State Examination score . is evaluated by assessing the risk of major hemorrhagic events . comparison between ASA + DP and clopidogrel is based on an initial assessment of noninferiority , followed by evaluation of superiority , while for telmisartan , we will assess its superiority over placebo . over 20,000 patients randomized , and utilizing a 2 x 2 factorial design , PRoFESS is the largest stroke trial to investigate the prevention of recurrent stroke . mean age was 66.1 + / - 8.6 years , and 36.0 % of the patients were females . median time from qualifying event to randomization was 15 days with 39.9 % of patients randomized within 10 days . to the TOAST criteria , 28.5 % of the strokes were due to large-vessel disease , 52.1 % to small-vessel disease , 1.8 % to cardioembolism , and 2.0 % to other determined etiologies and 15.5 % were of undetermined etiology . is the largest secondary stroke prevention trial to date and will directly compare two antiplatelet regimens as well as the benefit of telmisartan versus placebo ."
3926,Abstract #3926,"report the clinical improvements in spinal cord injury ( SCI ) patients associated with intensive gait training using electromechanical systems according to patient characteristics . longitudinal study . SCI rehabilitation center . with SCI ( n = 130 ) . received locomotor training with 2 different electromechanical devices , 5 days per week for 8 weeks . motor score , Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury , and 10-meter walking test data were collected at the baseline , midpoint , and end of the program . were stratified according to the American Spinal Injury Association ( ASIA ) category , time since injury , and injury etiology . subgroup of traumatic ASIA grade C and D patients were compared with data obtained from the European Multicenter Study about Human Spinal Cord Injury ( EM-SCI ) . hundred and five patients completed the program . gains in lower-limb motor function and gait were observed for both types of electromechanical device systems , to a similar degree . greatest rate of improvement was shown in the motor incomplete SCI patients , and for patients < 6 months postinjury . positive response associated with training was not affected by injury etiology , age , sex , or lesion level . trajectory of improvement was significantly enhanced relative to patients receiving the conventional standard of care without electromechanical systems ( EM-SCI ) . use of electromechanical systems for intensive gait training in SCI is associated with a marked improvement in lower-limb motor function and gait across a diverse range of patients and is most evident in motor incomplete patients , and for patients who begin the regimen early in the recovery process ."
3927,Abstract #3927,"elderly people with Alzheimer 's disease experience weight loss . and inadequate regain after a period of illness are considered as contributory causes of progressive weight loss in psychogeriatric patients . studied whether early use of a liquid nutrition supplement immediately after onset of acute illness from infection can prevent weight loss in elderly psychogeriatric nursing home residents . controlled trial of 5 weeks after the onset of illness . psychogeriatric nursing home residents ( aged > or = 65 yrs ) completed the study period . liquid nutrition supplement ( 200 ml ) once daily immediately after diagnosis of infection or standard treatment ( enriched food after referral to a dietician ) were provided . weight , mid-upper arm circumference , calf circumference , triceps skin fold thickness , dietary energy intake , and need for care were measured . change during the study period was significantly different between the standard ( -0.4 kg ) and supplement ( +0.8 kg ) groups ( p = 0.040 ) . significant differences were observed in changes of mid-upper arm circumference , triceps skin fold thickness , calf circumference or energy intake between groups . provision of a liquid nutrition supplement immediately after onset of acute illness from infection leads to weight gain in elderly psychogeriatric nursing home residents ."
3928,Abstract #3928,"evaluate the efficacy and ocular safety of bromfenac ophthalmic solution 0.09 % dosed once daily for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain following cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation . total of 455 subjects ( 455 study eyes : 230 bromfenac , 225 placebo ) were enrolled in two randomized double-masked , placebo-controlled , clinical trials at 64 ophthalmology clinics in the United States . were randomized to receive either bromfenac 0.09 % or placebo dosed once daily . began 1 day before cataract surgery ( Day -1 ) , continued on day of surgery ( Day 0 ) , and for 14 days following surgery . were completed on Days 1 , 3 , 8 , 15 and 22 . primary efficacy endpoint was cleared summed ocular inflammation score ( SOIS ) by Day 15 . secondary efficacy endpoint was the number of subjects who were pain-free at Day 1 . bromfenac 0.09 % group was significantly higher compared to the placebo group in the primary endpoint of the proportion of subjects who had cleared ocular inflammation by Day 15 ( P < 0.0001 ) . mean SOIS for the bromfenac 0.09 % group was lower than the placebo group at Days 3 , 8 , 15 , and 22 ( P < 0.0001 ) . bromfenac 0.09 % subjects were pain free at Days 1 , 3 , 8 , and 15 ( P < 0.0001 ) . subjects in the bromfenac 0.09 % group withdrew from the clinical trials due to lack of efficacy at Day 15 ( P < 0.0001 ) . adverse events were reported in the bromfenac 0.09 % group than the placebo group . included advanced age , female predominance , and surgical nuances among cataract surgeons , making cross-trial comparisons difficult . ophthalmic solution 0.09 % dosed once daily is clinically safe and effective for the treatment of ocular inflammation and the reduction of ocular pain associated with cataract surgery ."
3929,Abstract #3929,"investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin ( r-HuEPO ) administration on perioperative hemoglobin concentrations and on the number of blood transfusions in patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal tract malignancies . has been shown to improve the yield of autologously predonated blood and to reduce the subsequent requirements for homologous blood transfusions in cancer patients . this double-blind placebo-controlled study , 31 cancer patients received subcutaneous r-HuEPO in a dose of 300 IU/kg body weight plus 100 mg iron intravenously ( study group ) and 32 patients received placebo medication and iron ( control group ) . patients received the medications daily for at least 7 days before and 7 days after the operation . who received erythropoietin received significantly fewer transfusions intraoperatively and postoperatively . , the study group had significantly higher hematocrit , hemoglobin , and reticulocyte count values compared to the control group . use of erythropoietin was also associated with a reduced number of postoperative complications and improved 1-year survival . with gastrointestinal tract cancer and mild anemia benefit from perioperative erythropoietin administration in terms of stimulated erythropoiesis , reduction in the number of blood transfusions , and a favorable outcome ."
3930,Abstract #3930,"determine the long-term effects of ranibizumab ( RBZ ) in patients with diabetic macular edema ( DME ) . , randomized , interventional , multicenter clinical trial . hundred twenty-six patients with DME . were randomized 1:1:1 to receive 0.5 mg RBZ at baseline and months 1 , 3 , and 5 ( group 1 ) , focal or grid laser photocoagulation at baseline and month 3 if needed ( group 2 ) , or a combination of 0.5 mg RBZ and focal or grid laser at baseline and month 3 ( group 3 ) . at month 6 , if retreatment criteria were met , all subjects could be treated with RBZ . mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) at month 24 . the primary end point at month 6 , most patients in all groups were treated only with RBZ , and the mean number of injections was 5.3 , 4.4 , and 2.9 during the 18-month follow-up period in groups 1 , 2 , and 3 , respectively . the 33 patients in group 1 , 34 patients in group 2 , and 34 patients in group 3 who remained in the study through 24 months , the mean improvement in BCVA was 7.4 , 0.5 , and 3.8 letters at the 6-month primary end point , compared with 7.7 , 5.1 , and 6.8 letters at month 24 , and the percentage of patients who gained 3 lines or more of BCVA was 21 , 0 , and 6 at month 6 , compared with 24 , 18 , and 26 at month 24 . percentage of patients with 20/40 or better Snellen equivalent at month 24 was 45 % in group 1 , 44 % in group 2 , and 35 % in group 3 . foveal thickness ( FTH ) , defined as center subfield thickness , at month 24 was 340 m , 286 m , and 258 m for groups 1 , 2 , and 3 , respectively , and the percentage of patients with center subfield thickness of 250 m or less was 36 % , 47 % , and 68 % , respectively . injections of RBZ provided benefit for patients with DME for at least 2 years , and when combined with focal or grid laser treatments , the amount of residual edema was reduced , as were the frequency of injections needed to control edema . or commercial disclosure may be found after the references ."
3931,Abstract #3931,"common wart is a common infectious disease caused by human papilloma virus . variety of therapeutic modalities are available . ( liquid nitrogen ) is one of the most common treatment forms . freezes the tissue and destroys warts . is a caustic agent . purpose was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of cryotherapy and 80 percent phenol solution on common warts of hands . single-blinded clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients with common warts referred to the dermatology clinic of Ghaem Hospital Mashhad , Iran , in 2002 . were randomly divided into two groups ; 30 patients were treated with cryotherapy and 30 patients were treated with 80 percent phenol , on a once-weekly basis until complete clearance of the lesions or a maximum duration of six weeks . clearance of warts after six weeks was observed in 70 percent of patients who were treated with cryotherapy , and 82.6 percent of patients in the 80 percent phenol group ; there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods ( p-value is 0.014 ) . data indicates that 80 percent phenol and cryotherapy are effective and simple treatments for common warts of hands , and patients do not experience any pain during the treatment ."
3932,Abstract #3932,"is known to be associated with stavudine as part of the treatment for HIV infection , but it is less clear if this serious side effect is also related to other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors like zidovudine . aimed to determine whether zidovudine-sparing first-line antiretroviral therapy would lead to less lipoatrophy and other metabolic changes than zidovudine-containing therapy . antiretroviral therapy-nave HIV-1 infected men with an indication to start antiretroviral therapy were included in a randomized single blinded clinical trial . was between zidovudine-containing therapy ( zidovudine/lamivudine + lopinavir/ritonavir ) and zidovudine-sparing therapy ( nevirapine + lopinavir/ritonavir ) . outcome measures were body composition assessed by computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and lipid profile before and after 3 , 12 , 24 months of antiretroviral therapy . the zidovudine/lamivudine + lopinavir/ritonavir group , from 3 months onward limb fat decreased progressively by 684 + / -293 grams ( estimated mean + / - standard error of the mean ) ( p = 0.02 ) up to 24 months whereas abdominal fat increased , but exclusively in the visceral compartment ( +21.9 + / -8.1 cm ( 2 ) , p = 0.008 ) ) . contrast , in the nevirapine + lopinavir/ritonavir group , a generalized increase in fat mass was observed . 24 months no significant differences in high density lipoprotein and total/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were found between both treatment groups , but total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in the nevirapine + lopinavir/ritonavir group ( 6.1 + / -0.2 versus 5.3 + / -0.2 and 3.6 + / -0.1 versus 2.8 + / -0.1 mmol/l respectively , p < 0.05 ) . response and safety were comparable in both groups . + lopinavir/ritonavir , but not nevirapine + lopinavir/ritonavir in antiretroviral therapy-nave patients , is associated with lipoatrophy and greater relative intraabdominal lipohypertrophy , suggesting that zidovudine/lamivudine contributes to both these features of lipodystrophy . findings support to no longer consider zidovudine/lamivudine as one of the preferred possible components of first-line antiretroviral therapy where alternative treatments are available . NCT 00122226 ."
3933,Abstract #3933,"present the rationale , design , and methodology of the Fibroid Interventions : Reducing Symptoms Today and Tomorrow ( FIRSTT ) study . clinical trial . academic medical centers . women with symptomatic uterine fibroids . are randomized to two U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved minimally invasive treatments for uterine leiomyomas : uterine artery embolization and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound . primary endpoint is defined as the need for an additional intervention for fibroid symptoms following treatment . outcomes consist of group differences in symptom alleviation , recovery trajectory , health-related quality of life , impairment of ovarian reserve , treatment complications , and the economic impact of these issues . trial is currently in the phase of active recruitment . randomized clinical trial will provide important evidence-based information for patients and health care providers regarding optimal minimally invasive treatment approach for women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas . ."
3934,Abstract #3934,"aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a difference between body fat mass percentage measured by BIA and DXA method . study , randomized . and Obesity Outpatient Clinic , Department of Pediatrics , University of Vienna , Austria . children and adolescents from the Lipid and Obesity Outpatient Clinic , Department of Pediatrics , University of Vienna , were included in the study ( 14 boys and 13 girls between 6 and 18 y ; mean age 12.6 and 13.1 y ) . body fat percentage was measured with BIA ( bioelectrical impedance analyzer BIA 2000-M ) and DXA ( dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ) methods on the same day . mean difference between the body fat mass percentage measured by BIA and DXA was 4.48 with a standard deviation of 2.93 . results measured by BIA were almost always lower than that by DXA by about 12 % . lower and upper limit of the difference in 95 % confidence interval was -5.64 and -3.32 . paired t-test , these results were significantly different ( P < 0.001 ) . correlation between the two measurements was 0.826 . mean percentage of body fat mass measured by BIA was 34.86 + / -7.08 % and by DXA 39.75 + / -5.63 % . differences were not changed by age and body fat percentage but they were by sex . results of the study show that the body fat percentages measured by BIA and DXA method were significantly different . is very important because BIA technique is a routine technique for clinical purposes . to the formula used for calculating the total fat mass in obese children and adolescence are necessary . of body fat percentage measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis compared to dual X-ray absorptiometry method in obese children is three times higher with boys than with girls ."
3935,Abstract #3935,"the interest of efficiency , investigators often offer participants in surgical trials the option of completing baseline assessments on the day of surgery . emotional affects of this day may , however , increase bias or random error . studied the validity and reliability of collecting subjective ratings of health on the day of surgery . hundred and seventy-seven patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and/or knee arthroscopy completed quality-of-life , functional status , and general health instruments at four weeks preoperatively , on the day of surgery , and one year postoperatively . evaluated results with use of three conceptual frameworks : ( 1 ) that ratings provided four weeks preoperatively provide a gold standard for preoperative ratings , ( 2 ) that there is no gold standard for preoperative ratings and that , if valid , ratings on the day of surgery should be highly correlated with ratings at four weeks preoperatively and moderately and similarly correlated with ratings at one year postoperatively , and ( 3 ) that ratings provided four weeks preoperatively and on the day of surgery are measuring identical constructs and should therefore show high reliability . patients ( 97 % ) had a chronic injury as the interval between the injury and surgery was more than ninety days . collected on the day of surgery demonstrated high predictive validity with data collected within one month before surgery . was no significant heterogeneity between variances for data collected four weeks preoperatively and on the day of surgery . correlation between data collected on the day of surgery and four weeks preoperatively was moderate to high ( range , 0.64 to 0.93 ) , and the correlation between preoperative ratings and the one-year postoperative ratings was moderate ( range , 0.40 to 0.59 ) across all instruments . between the ratings provided four weeks preoperatively and on the day of surgery was excellent ( intraclass correlation coefficient , 0.64 to 0.91 ) , and the standard error of measurement was small across instruments . the treatment of chronic knee injuries , patients can accurately rate their quality of life , general health , and functional status on the day on which they undergo surgery ."
3936,Abstract #3936,"determine whether a combination of high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation ( ASCT ) is superior to conventional-dose consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy as postremission therapy in adults with lymphoblastic lymphoma . hundred nineteen patients were entered onto this prospective randomized trial from 37 centers . received standard remission induction therapy , and responding patients were randomized either to continue with a conventional consolidation/maintenance protocol ( CC ) or to receive high-dose therapy and ASCT . some centers , patients with HLA-identical sibling donors were registered on the trial but proceeded to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) without randomization . the 119 patients entered , 111 were assessable for response to induction therapy . overall response rate was 82 % ( 56 % complete response , 26 % partial response ) . the 98 patients eligible for randomization , 65 were randomized , 31 to ASCT and 34 to CC . for failure to randomize included patient refusal ( 12 patients ) , early progression or death on induction therapy ( eight patients ) , excessive toxicity of induction regimen ( six patients ) , and elective allogeneic BMT ( 12 patients ) . a median follow-up of 37 months , the actuarial 3-year relapse-free survival rate is 24 % for the CC arm and 55 % for the ASCT arm ( hazards ratio = 0.55 in favor of the ASCT arm ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.29 to 1.04 ; P = .065 ) . corresponding figures for overall survival are 45 % and 56 % , respectively ( hazards ratio = 0.87 in favor of the ASCT arm ; 95 % CI , 0.42 to 1.81 ; P = .71 ) . use of ASCT in adults with lymphoblastic lymphoma in first remission produced a trend for improved relapse-free survival but did not improve overall survival compared with conventional-dose therapy in this small randomized trial ."
3937,Abstract #3937,"maintenance is an effective strategy in the treatment of advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ( NSCLC ) . is an oral , multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( TKI ) . 08092 evaluated pazopanib given as maintenance treatment following standard first line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC . with non-progressive disease after 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy were randomised to receive either pazopanib 800mg/day or matched placebo until progression or unacceptable toxicity . primary end-point was overall survival and secondary end-points were progression-free survival ( PFS ) and safety . total of 600 patients were planned to be randomised . trial was prematurely stopped following an early interim analysis , after 102 patients were randomised to pazopanib ( n = 50 ) or placebo ( n = 52 ) . age was 64years in both arms . overall survival was 17.4 months for pazopanib and 12.3 months for placebo ( adjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) 0.72 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.40-1 .28 ] ; p = 0.257 ) . PFS was 4.3 months versus 3.2 months ( HR 0.67 , [ 95 % CI 0.43-1 .03 ] , p = 0.068 ) . rates at 4 months were 56 % and 45 % respectively . majority of treatment-related adverse events ( AEs ) were grade 1-2 . 3-4 AEs ( pazopanib versus placebo ) were hypertension ( 38 % versus 8 % ) , neutropenia ( 8 % versus 0 % ) , and elevated SGPT ( 6 % versus 0 % ) . the patients randomised to pazopanib , 22 % withdrew due to a treatment-related AE . maintenance with pazopanib following platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients had limited side-effects . study was stopped due to lack of efficacy by stringent criteria for PFS at a futility interim analysis ."
3938,Abstract #3938,"expiratory pressure ( PEP ) is a technique used to enhance sputum clearance during acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( AECOPD ) . impact of PEP therapy during acute exacerbations on clinically important outcomes is not clear . study sought to determine the effect of PEP therapy on symptoms , quality of life and future exacerbations in patients with AECOPD . inpatients ( 58 men ; mean age 68.6 years , FEV ( 1 ) 40.8 % predicted ) with AECOPD and sputum expectoration were randomised to receive usual care ( including physical exercise ) PEP therapy . Breathlessness , Cough and Sputum Scale ( BCSS ) , St George 's Respiratory Questionnaire ( SGRQ ) and BODE index ( Body mass index , airflow Obstruction , Dyspnoea , Exercise tolerance ) were measured at discharge , 8 weeks and 6 months following discharge , and analysed via linear mixed models . and hospitalisations were recorded using home diaries . were no significant between-group differences over time for BCSS score [ mean ( SE ) at discharge 5.2 ( 0.4 ) vs 5.0 ( 0.4 ) for PEP and control group , respectively ; p = 0.978 ] or SGRQ total score [ 41.6 ( 2.6 ) vs 40.8 ( 2.8 ) at 8 weeks , p = 0.872 ] . improved more rapidly in the PEP group over the first 8 weeks ( p = 0.006 ) , however these benefits were not observed at 6 months . ( p = 0.986 ) and hospitalisations ( p = 0.359 ) did not differ between groups . found no evidence that PEP therapy during AECOPD improves important short-term or long-term outcomes . does not appear to be a routine role for PEP therapy in the management of such individuals ."
3939,Abstract #3939,"education materials can assist patient decision making on prostate cancer screening . explore the effectiveness of presenting health information on prostate cancer screening using video , internet , and written interventions on patient decision making , attitudes , knowledge , and screening interest . controlled trial . total of 161 men aged over 45 , who had never been screened for prostate cancer , were randomized to receive information on prostate cancer screening . were assessed at baseline and 1-week postintervention for decisional conflict , screening interest , knowledge , anxiety , and decision-making preference . total of 156 men were followed-up at 1-week postintervention . was no statistical , or clinical , difference in mean change in decisional conflict scores between the 3 intervention groups ( video vs internet -0.06 [ 95 % CI -0.24 to 0.12 ] ; video vs pamphlet 0.04 [ 95 % CI -0.15 to 0.22 ] ; internet vs pamphlet 0.10 [ 95 % CI -0.09 to 0.28 ] ) . was also no statistically significant difference in mean knowledge , anxiety , decision-making preference , and screening interest between the 3 intervention groups . from this study indicate that there are no clinically significant differences in decisional conflict when men are presented health information on prostate cancer screening via video , written materials , or the internet . the equivalence of the 3 methods , other factors need to be considered in deciding which method to use . professionals should provide patient health education materials via a method that is most convenient to the patient and their preferred learning style ."
3940,Abstract #3940,"beam angiography is a minimally invasive imaging technique . vascular opacification throughout the study remains a critical issue for image quality . hypothesized that vascular image opacification and uniformity of vascular enhancement between slices can be improved using multiphase contrast medium injection protocols . enrolled 244 consecutive patients who were randomized to three different injection protocols : single-phase contrast medium injection ( Group 1 ) , dual-phase contrast medium injection with each phase at a different injection rate ( Group 2 ) , and a three-phase injection with two phases of contrast medium injection followed by a saline injection phase ( Group 3 ) . measured were aortic opacification based on Hounsfield units and uniformity of aortic enhancement at predetermined slices ( locations from top [ level 1 ] to base [ level 60 ] ) . Group 1 , contrast opacification differed across seven predetermined locations ( scan levels : 1st versus 60th , P < .05 ) , demonstrating significant nonuniformity . Group 2 , there was more uniform vascular enhancement , with no significant differences between the first 50 slices ( P > .05 ) . Group 3 , there was greater uniformity of vascular enhancement and higher mean Hounsfield units value across all 60 images , from the aortic root to the base of the heart ( P < .05 ) . three-phase injection protocol improved vascular opacification at the base of the heart , as well as uniformity of arterial enhancement throughout the study ."
3941,Abstract #3941,"Low Back Pain ( CLBP ) is one of the most frequent medical problems . nerve stimulation is frequently used but its efficacy remains controversial . men and 94 women with CLBP associated with either degenerative disk disease or previous multiple vertebral osteoporotic fractures were randomly assigned to either interferential currents ( IFT ) , horizontal therapy ( HT ) or sham HT administered for 10 , 40 and 40 minutes , respectively , daily for 5 days per week for two weeks together with a standard flexion-extension stretching exercise program , Blind efficacy assessment were obtained at baseline and at week 2 , 6 and 14 and included a functional questionnaire ( Backill ) , the standard visual analog scale ( VAS ) and the mean analgesic consumption . week 2 a significant and similar improvement in both the VAS and Backill score was observed in all three groups . Backill score continued to improve only in the two active groups with changes significantly greater than those observed in control patients at week 14 . pain VAS score returned to baseline values at week 6 and 14 in the control group while in the IFT and HT groups it continued to improve ( p < 0.01 vs controls ) . use of analgesic medications significantly improved at week 14 versus pretreatment assessment and over control patients only in the HT group . randomized double-blind controlled study provides the first evidence that IFT and HT therapy are significantly effective in alleviating both pain and disability in patients with CLBP . placebo effect is remarkable at the beginning of the treatment but it tends to vanish within a couple of weeks ."
3942,Abstract #3942,"improve the translation of public health evidence into practice , there is a need to increase practitioner involvement in initiative development , to place greater emphasis on contextual knowledge , and to address intervention processes and outcomes . that demonstrates the need to reduce childhood fire-related injuries is compelling but its translation into practice is inconsistent and limited . this knowledge the Keeping Children Safe programme developed an `` Injury Prevention Briefing ( IPB ) '' using a 7 step process to combine scientific evidence with practitioner contextual knowledge . IPB was designed specifically for children 's centres ( CCs ) to support delivery of key fire safety messages to parents . paper reports the findings of a nested qualitative study within a clustered randomised controlled trial of the IPB , in which staff described their experiences of IPB implementation to aid understanding of why or how the intervention worked . were conducted with key staff at 24 CCs participating in the two intervention arms : 1 ) IPB supplemented by initial training and regular facilitation ; 2 ) IPB sent by post with no facilitation . Analysis was applied to these interview data to explore intervention adherence including ; exposure or dose ; quality of delivery ; participant responsiveness ; programme differentiation ; and staff experience of IPB implementation . included barriers , facilitators and suggested improvements . % of CCs regarded the IPB as a simple , accessible tool which raised awareness , and stimulated discussion and behaviour change . CCs suggested minor modifications to format and content . levels of implementation were identified according to content , frequency , duration and coverage . CCs ( 75 % ) achieved ` extended ' or ` essential ' IPB implementation . universal factors affected all CCs : organisational change and resourcing ; working with hard to engage groups ; additional demands of participating in a research study . specific factors were associated with the implementation level achieved : staff engagement and training ; staff continuity ; adaptability and flexibility ; other agency support ; conflicting priorities ; facilitation . achieving high implementation levels increased from 58 % ( no facilitation ) to 92 % with facilitation . service provider perspectives and scientific evidence into health education initiatives enhances potential for successful implementation , particularly when supplemented by ongoing training and facilitation ."
3943,Abstract #3943,"studies have shown that integrated behavioral health services for older adults in primary care improves health outcomes . study , however , has asked the opinions of clinicians whose patients actually experienced integrated rather than enhanced referral care for depression and other conditions . Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for the Elderly ( PRISM-E ) study was a randomized trial comparing integrated behavioral health care with enhanced referral care in primary care settings across the United States . care clinicians at each participating site were asked whether integrated or enhanced referral care was preferred across a variety of components of care . also completed questionnaires related to the process of care at each site . all primary care clinicians ( n = 127 ) stated that integrated care led to better communication between primary care clinicians and mental health specialists ( 93 % ) , less stigma for patients ( 93 % ) , and better coordination of mental and physical care ( 92 % ) . thought that integrated care led to better management of depression ( 64 % ) , anxiety ( 76 % ) , or alcohol problems ( 66 % ) . sites in which the clinicians were rated as participating in mental health care , integrated care was highly rated as improving communication between specialists in mental health and primary care . primary care clinicians who cared for patients that received integrated care or enhanced referral care , integrated care was preferred for many aspects of mental health care ."
3944,Abstract #3944,"compare a severe protein restriction diet supplemented with ketoanalogues to a moderate protein restriction diet in order to limit glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) decrease in an advanced renal insufficiency stage . randomised study conducted to compare a severe protein restriction diet ( 0.30 g/kg/day ) supplemented with a preparation of ketoanalogues , hydroxyanalogues of aminoacids and aminoacids ( Group A ) to a moderate protein restriction diet ( 0.65 g/kg/day ) ( Group B ) . uremic patients included ( 25 in each group ) with GFR is < 20 mL/min/1 .73 m2 . were no statistically significant differences between the two dietary regimens for the renal survival . uremia decreased significantly in Group A ( 22.7 + / -5.2 to 18.5 + / -6.7 mmol/L ) and increased in Group B ( 26.8 + / -9.0 to 34.9 + / -9.9 mmol/L ) . increased in Group A from 2.28 + / -0.18 to 2.42 + / -0.17 mmol/L , p < 0.01 with a stable phosphoremia while calcemia decreased in Group B ( 2.33 + / -0.18 to 2.25 + / -0.17 mmol/L , p < 0.05 ) . the end of the study , Group A was different from Group B for calcemia ( 2.42 + / -0.17 vs. 2.25 + / -0.17 mmol/L , p < 0.01 ) , phosphoremia ( 1.39 + / -0.30 vs. 1.80 + / -0.65 mmol/L , p < 0.02 ) , alkaline phosphatase ( 61.42 + / -22.93 vs. 78.8 + / -27.0 , p < 0.05 ) and parathormone plasma levels ( 2.71 + / -1.55 vs. 5.91 + / -1.41 ng/mL , p < 0.001 ) . to a moderate protein restriction ( 0.65 g/kg/day ) , a severe protein restriction ( 0.3 g/kg/day ) supplemented by ketoanologues does not limit GFR decrease when GFR is below 20 mL/min/1 .73 m2 , but improves phosphocalcic plasma parameters ."
3945,Abstract #3945,"study was conducted to compare the effect of CYP3A5 * 3 genotype on the disposition of three phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors ( PDE5Is ) , vardenafil , sildenafil , and udenafil , because our previous in-vitro microsomal incubation study showed that the relative contribution of CYP3A5 enzyme to their metabolism was different among these PDE5Is . open-label three-way crossover study was performed with a single oral dose of PDE5Is ( 20 mg vardenafil , 100 mg sildenafil , or 200 mg udenafil ) in 21 healthy men carrying CYP3A5 * 1 / * 1 , * 1 / * 3 , or * 3 / * 3 . each dose , plasma concentrations of the parents and their major metabolites were measured up to 24 or 48 h. AUC ( ) and C ( max ) of vardenafil were 2.9-fold and 3.1-fold higher in CYP3A5 * 3 / * 3 carriers than in individuals with CYP3A5 * 1 / * 1 ( P = 0.003 and 0.002 , respectively ) . AUC ( ) and C ( max ) of sildenafil were 1.5-fold and 1.7-fold higher in CYP3A5 * 3 / * 3 carriers compared with individuals with CYP3A5 * 1 / * 1 , but the statistical difference of both parameters among genotype groups was not observed . disposition of udenafil differed little among groups in relation to the CYP3A5 * 3 allelic variant . results suggest that the disposition of these PDE5Is are differently influenced by the CYP3A5 * 3 genotype of individual participants . CYP3A5 * 3 genotype affects the oral disposition of vardenafil significantly . pharmacokinetic diversity of PDE5Is in relation to CYP3A5 genotype may lead to the clinical response variation and remains to be evaluated ."
3946,Abstract #3946,"evaluate an encounter-based immunization prompting system on resident performance in administering vaccines and knowledge of immunization guidelines . randomized , controlled trial . were first - and second-year pediatric residents in a hospital-based continuity clinic . intervention group received manual prompts of immunizations due . chart review compared immunizations due with those administered . and unacceptable reasons for not administering vaccines were assigned . knowledge was measured by a 70-item examination . intervention group had significantly less missed opportunities/vaccine administration errors ( 11.4 % vs 21.6 % ) . most common reason for unacceptable errors in the intervention group : vaccine was given too early ; in the control group : vaccine was postponed to next visit . - and postintervention knowledge scores were similar : intervention group ( 75.5 % vs 80.7 % , control group ; 76.5 % vs 81.3 % ) . immunization prompting system in a hospital-based pediatric resident continuity clinic reduced missed opportunities/vaccine administration errors without significantly impacting resident knowledge of immunization guidelines.immunization schedule , vaccination , immunization , prompting systems , resident education ."
3947,Abstract #3947,"WHO recommended including the A ( H1N1 ) 2009 pandemic strain in the influenza vaccines for use in the 2010-2011 northern hemisphere ( NH ) influenza season . immunogenicity and safety of the trivalent split inactivated vaccine ( Vaxigrip ) NH 2010-2011 formulation was compared to that observed for the corresponding non-adjuvanted monovalent A ( H1N1 ) pandemic vaccine ( Panenza ) , when tested in similar populations of adult and elderly volunteers . monovalent vaccine was evaluated in two clinical trials , conducted respectively in both adult and elderly subjects and in a population of adults . trivalent vaccine was evaluated in a clinical study that enrolled both adult and elderly subjects . titers were measured in serum samples drawn at day 0 ( before vaccination ) and 21 days after one vaccine injection using the same hemagglutination inhibition ( HI ) assay method . occurrence of adverse events was reported up to 21 days after vaccination . immunization in the three studies , most of the volunteers had antibody titers below seroprotective levels against the pandemic A ( H1N1 ) 2009 virus . vaccination , in each trial and in each age group , high seroprotection rates , GMT ratios and seroconversion rates were observed . rates after administration of the monovalent vaccine reached 93 % and 98 % in the adult groups , and 83.7 % in the elderly group . administration of the trivalent vaccine , seroprotection rates of 92.2 % and 81.3 % were obtained respectively in the adult and the elderly groups . related serious adverse events and no safety signals were detected either with the monovalent or trivalent vaccine . immunogenicity profiles were observed in three clinical trials of the pandemic A ( H1N1 ) 2009 strain when formulated either as a monovalent or as a component of a seasonal trivalent vaccine ."
3948,Abstract #3948,"compare the renoprotective and blood pressure-lowering effects of combination losartan-low-dose hydrochlorothiazide with losartan alone in hypertensive patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) . , open-label , randomized , controlled study . clinic at a university-affiliated hospital in Japan . adults ( mean age 67 yrs ) with stage 3 CKD who had been receiving losartan 50 mg/day and had not achieved their target blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg . were randomly assigned to receive combination losartan 50 mg-hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/day in addition to losartan 50 mg/day ( combination therapy group , 30 patients ) or to receive losartan 100 mg/day ( control group , 30 patients ) over a 24-week period . was determined by monitoring clinical and laboratory parameters . baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 158/90 mm Hg in both groups ; at 24 weeks of treatment , these blood pressures significantly decreased to 133/79 mm Hg in the combination therapy group compared with both baseline and the values in the control group ( 145/83 mm Hg ) . serum creatinine concentration increased and the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased significantly in both groups , the urinary protein : creatinine ratio was significantly lower in the combination therapy group . stratification of patients on the basis of whether they had diabetes mellitus , we found that the reduction in the urinary protein : creatinine ratio was more evident in the combination therapy group . significant increase in the occurrence of adverse metabolic effects was noted in either group . these hypertensive patients with stage 3 CKD , combination therapy with the maximum recommended daily dose of losartan of 100 mg and a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide of 12.5 mg ameliorated proteinuria and reduced blood pressure more effectively than treatment with losartan 100 mg alone , irrespective of whether the patients had diabetes ."
3949,Abstract #3949,"evaluate the impact of preemptive local analgesia at the incision site in reducing pain in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for a benign myomatous uterus . this prospective , randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled study , 20 mL of 1 % lidocaine or 0.9 % saline was injected at the abdominal incision site prior to the performance of the hysterectomy . women were enrolled in the study , 16 received preemptive analgesia while 14 were treated by placebo ; 2 were excluded . operations were performed under general anesthesia . standard postoperative pain treatment consisted of oral analgesia with ibuprofen ( 400 mg ) in liquid-filled capsules . ( 10 mg ) was used for rescue analgesia . intensity was self-evaluated with the use of a 100 mm visual analog scale . to the placebo group , women who received preemptive analgesia with lidocaine 1 % perceived a significant reduction in postoperative pain in the first hours after surgery ( 2 h : 50.1 + / -27.9 versus 70.6 + / -22.6 , p = 0.043 ; 5 h : 42.5 + / -25.2 versus 64.6 + / -28.3 , p = 0.043 ; 8 h : 31.2 + / -22.4 versus 53.3 + / -30.3 , p = 0.031 ) . analgesia with lidocaine 1 % is a simple , cheap and efficient mode to reduce pain in the first hours after hysterectomy ."
3950,Abstract #3950,"present midterm results from a randomized study comparing the safety and efficacy of percutaneous endovenous intervention ( PEVI ) + anticoagulation vs. anticoagulation alone in the reduction of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) and post-thrombotic syndrome ( PTS ) in acute symptomatic proximal deep venous thrombosis ( DVT ) . TORPEDO trial was a randomized study to demonstrate superiority of PEVI in the reduction of the VTE and PTS at 6 months ; in that trial , 183 patients ( 103 men ; mean age 61 11 years ) with symptomatic proximal DVT were randomized to receive PEVI + anticoagulation ( n = 91 ) or anticoagulation alone ( n = 92 ) . consisted of one or more of a combination of thrombectomy , balloon venoplasty , stenting , and/or local low-dose thrombolytic therapy . 6 months , recurrent VTE developed in 2.3 % of the PEVI + anticoagulation group vs. 14.8 % in the anticoagulation only group ( p = 0.003 ) ; PTS developed in 3.4 % vs. 27.2 % ( p < 0.001 ) , respectively . a mean follow-up of 30 5 months ( range 12-41 ) , 88 patients in the PEVI + anticoagulation group and 81 patients in the anticoagulation only group reached target follow-up . VTE developed in 4 ( 4.5 % ) of the 88 PEVI + anticoagulation patients vs. 13 ( 16 % ) of the 81 patients receiving anticoagulation only ( p = 0.02 ) . developed in 6 ( 6.8 % ) of the PEVI + anticoagulation group vs. 24 ( 29.6 % ) of the anticoagulation only group ( p < 0.001 ) . patients with proximal DVT , PEVI is superior to anticoagulation alone in the reduction of VTE and PTS . benefit , which appears early in the course of treatment , extends to > 2.5 years ."
3951,Abstract #3951,"fissure is perpetuated by high sphincter pressures and secondary local ischaemia . approaches include topical nitrates and botulinum toxin ( BT ) which act to reduce anal pressure . lowers anal pressure by preventing acetylcholine release from nerve terminals while topical nitrates act by donating nitric oxide ( NO ) . aims of the present study were to compare the therapeutic effect and lowering action on internal anal sphincter pressure of BT injection and local application of isosorbide dinitrate ( ID ) compared with BT given alone , in patients with chronic anal fissure ( CAF ) refractory to treatment with ID . consecutive patients with CAF who did not respond to previous topical ID treatments were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments : group A , injection of BT ( 20 U into the internal anal sphincter ) and subsequent daily applications of ID ( 2.5 mg three times daily for three months ) ; and group B , BT injection only ( 20 U ) . at the end of six weeks following BT injection no improvement was seen in group B , ID was added . series of anal pressure measurements , including resting basal pressure and resting pressure following topical ID ( 1.25 , 2.5 , and 3.75 mg ) , was carried out both before and two weeks after 20 U of BT injection into the internal anal sphincter . the end of the trial , patients were followed up for an average period of 10 months . six weeks the fissure healing rate was significantly higher in group A patients ( 10/15 ( 66 % ) ) compared with group B ( 3/15 ( 20 % ) ) ( p = 0.025 ) . eight and 12 weeks , no significant differences were seen : 11/15 ( 73 % ) v 11/15 ( 73 % ) and 9/15 ( 60 % ) v 10/15 ( 66 % ) , group A v group B , respectively . anal resting pressure ( MARP ) was significantly lower two weeks after BT injection than baseline MARP ( 90 ( 4 ) v 110 ( 5 ) mm Hg ; p < 0.001 ) . significantly greater reduction in MARP following local application of ID was achieved after BT injection compared with that achieved before BT injection ( p = 0.037 ) 1 ) Combined BT injection and local application of ID in patients with CAF who failed previous treatment with ID was more effective than BT alone . treatment modality appears to be safe and promising . 2 ) ID application induced a greater reduction in MARP following BT injection compared with ID application before BT injection . improved potency of ID on MARP after BT injection suggests a primary cholinergic tonus dominance in some patients and not , as previously claimed , anal sphincter insensitivity to nitrates ."
3952,Abstract #3952,"investigate patients ' and occupational physicians ' satisfaction with the quality of a vocational rehabilitation programme for maintaining work ability in chronic rheumatic diseases . vocational rehabilitation programme was developed for patients with rheumatic diseases and consisted of systematic assessment of the problems at work and the development of individual solutions . programme was run by a multidisciplinary team comprising a rheumatologist , a social worker , a physical and occupational therapist , and a psychologist . ratings were measured using a multidimensional questionnaire involving a rating scale ( 0-10 ) and a structured telephone interview . of the 65 patients who participated in the programme ( 91 % ) completed the questionnaire . were most satisfied with the interpersonal approach and professional knowledge , and least satisfied with the waiting time for the final report and the practical application of the given advice . satisfaction score was 7.3 ( SD 1.0 ) . eight of the occupational physicians involved were interviewed . were satisfied with the programme overall ; 21 ( 75 % ) stated that their role in the vocational rehabilitation process could be defined more clearly , and they would appreciate more contact with the team members , preferably in the early phases . ' and occupational physicians ' satisfaction with a multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation programme was good . for improvement mainly concerned the speed of the process and the communication between team members and occupational physicians ."
3953,Abstract #3953,"the reported widespread use of herbal medicines globally and their benefits , they are not completely without potential to cause harm . haphazard , irresponsible or non-regulated use of several herbal medicines may put the health of their users at risk of toxicity . study aimed to assess the general perception of the safety and occurrence of adverse effects of herbal medicines among residents of Ikorodu in Lagos , Nigeria . study population included 400 randomly selected and consented residents in Ikorodu . was collected using a standard closed and open-ended structured questionnaire with three ( 3 ) sections on socio-demography , safety and adverse effects of herbal medicines . between the variables were determined using Chi square analysis . results showed that 333 respondents ( 82.4 % ) believed that herbal medicines are safe for use and only 39 ( 9.7 % ) held the view that they may not be safe . also show that 51 ( 12.6 % ) of respondents had experienced adverse effects while 250 ( 61.9 % ) said they had never experienced adverse effects from the use of herbal medicines . medicine is popular among the respondents but they appear to be ignorant of its potential toxicities . may be necessary to educate the consumers of herbal medicines on the potentials for herbs-drugs interaction and adverse effects specially as a result of indiscriminate and unguided use of herbal medicines ."
3954,Abstract #3954,"compare analgesia traditionally used for thoracic sympathectomy to intrapleural ropivacaine injection in two different doses . patients were divided into three similar groups , and all of them received intravenous dipyrone . A received intravenous tramadol and intrapleural injection of saline solution . B received intrapleural injection of 0.33 % ropivacaine , and Group C 0.5 % ropivacaine . following aspects were analyzed : inspiratory capacity , respiratory rate and pain . was evaluated in the immediate postoperative period by means of the visual analog scale and over a one-week period . Groups A and B , reduced inspiratory capacity was observed in the postoperative period . the first postoperative 12 hours , only 12.5 % of the patients in Groups B and C showed intense pain as compared to 25 % in Group A. the subsequent week , only one patient in Group A showed mild pain while the remainder reported intense pain . Group B , half of the patients showed intense pain , and in Group C , only one presented intense pain . analgesia with ropivacaine resulted in less pain in the late postoperative period with better analgesic outcomes in higher doses , providing a better ventilatory pattern ."
3955,Abstract #3955,"with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lead sedentary lives and could benefit from increasing their physical activity . purpose of this study was to determine if an exercise-specific self-efficacy enhancing intervention could increase physical activity and functional performance when delivered in the context of 4 months of upper body resistance training with a 12-month follow-up . THIS RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL , SUBJECTS WERE ASSIGNED TO : exercise-specific self-efficacy enhancing intervention with upper body resistance training ( SE-UBR ) , health education with upper body resistance training ( ED-UBR ) , or health education with gentle chair exercises ( ED-Chair ) . activity was measured with an accelerometer and functional performance was measured with the Functional Performance Inventory . people with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease completed 4 months of training and provided valid accelerometry data , and 34 also provided accelerometry data at 12 months of follow-up . self-efficacy enhancing intervention emphasized meeting physical activity guidelines and increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity . were observed in light physical activity ( LPA ) after 4 months of training , time by group interaction effect ( P = 0.045 ) . SE-UBR group increased time spent in LPA by +20.6829.30 minutes/day and the other groups decreased time spent in LPA by -22.4347.88 minutes/day and -25.7351.76 minutes/day . in LPA were not sustained at 12-month follow-up . were no significant changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity , sedentary time , or functional performance . spent most of their waking hours sedentary : 72 % 9 % for SE-UBR , 68 % 10 % for ED-UBR , and 74 % 9 % for ED-Chair . self-efficacy enhancing intervention produced a modest short-term increase in LPA . work is needed to increase the magnitude and duration of effect , possibly by targeting LPA ."
3956,Abstract #3956,"the literature of skill acquisition and transfer of skills , it often is assumed that the rate of skill acquisition depends on what has been learned in a similar context ( i.e. , surgical simulators providing haptic feedback ) . study aimed to analyze whether the addition of haptic feedback early in the training phase for image-guided surgical simulation improves performance . randomized crossover study design was used , in which 38 surgical residents were randomized to begin a 2-h simulator training session with either haptic or nonhaptic training followed by crossover after 1 h. graphic context was a virtual upper abdomen . residents performed two diathermy tasks . validated tests were used to control for differences in visual-spatial ability : the BasIQ general cognitive ability test and Mental Rotation Test A ( MRT-A ) . 2 h of training , the group that had started with haptic feedback performed the two diathermy tasks significantly better ( p < 0.05 , unpaired t-test ) . the group that had started with haptic training significantly improved during the last 1-h session ( p < 0.01 , paired t-test ) . findings indicate that haptic feedback could be important in the early training phase of skill acquisition in image-guided surgical simulator training ."
3957,Abstract #3957,"solubility of valsartan is dependent on pH and thus may cause patient variability in drug absorption and failure in bioequivalence studies ; thus , increasing the solubility and release of valsartan at low pH has been suggested for a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile . , due to this pH dependence , the change in the formulation process could alter the disintegration and/or dissolution profile of the drug , possibly making the results of bioequivalence studies misleading . aim of this study was to assess the bioavailability and tolerability of a newly developed oral formulation of valsartan 160 mg ( wet-granulation tablet ) in healthy Korean male volunteers . study was performed with the subjects under fasted conditions , using a randomized , single-dose , 2-period crossover design . were assigned to receive , in randomized order , a single dose of the test formulation and a reference formulation ( valsartan 160-mg dry-granulation tablet ) , with a washout period of 7 days between the administrations . samples were collected up to 24 hours after dosing , and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the plasma valsartan concentration was analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS . dissolution studies of both formulations were conducted using USP apparatus 2 at 50 rpm with 1000 mL of phosphate buffer solution ( pH , 6.8 ) at 37C 0.5 C. Bioequivalence was defined per Korean Food and Drug Administration 's regulatory criteria as 90 % CIs of the geometric mean test/reference ratios of AUC0-t and Cmax within the range of 0.8 to 1.25 . was assessed using physical examination and subject interviews . subjects were enrolled ( mean [ SD ] age [ range ] , 23.6 [ 2.4 ] years [ 21-31 ] ; height , 173.7 [ 6.6 ] cm [ 161-190 ] ; and weight , 68.0 [ 8.7 ] kg [ 54-85 ] ) . mean AUC0 - values with the test and reference tablets were 31,784 ( 13,844 ) and 32,714 ( 14,512 ) ng h/mL , respectively ; Cmax , 5094 ( 2061 ) and 5064 ( 1864 ) ng/mL ; Tmax , 2.92 ( 1.04 ) and 3.08 ( 1.01 ) hours . 90 % CIs for the geometric mean test/reference ratios of AUC0-t and Cmax were 0.9295 to 1.0546 and 0.9190 to 1.0848 , respectively , which met the criteria for bioequivalence . most frequently reported adverse event was dizziness after blank blood sampling , recorded in 4 subjects , 2 cases each with the test and reference formulations . this study in healthy Korean male volunteers , the test and reference formulations of 160-mg valsartan met the Korean Food and Drug Administration 's regulatory criteria for bioequivalence despite the difference in formulation ( wet granulation vs dry granulation ) . formulations were well tolerated , with no serious adverse events reported ."
3958,Abstract #3958,"organic nitrate pentaerithrityl tetranitrate ( PETN ) has been shown to have ancillary properties that prevent the development of tolerance and endothelial dysfunction . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicentre study ( ` CLEOPATRA ' study ) was designed to investigate the anti-ischaemic efficacy of PETN 80 mg b.i.d. ( morning and mid-day ) over placebo in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris . total of 655 patients were evaluated in the intention-to-treat population , randomized to PETN ( 80 mg b.i.d. , n = 328 ) or placebo ( n = 327 ) and completed the study . underwent treadmill exercise tests at randomization , after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment . with PETN over 12 weeks did not modify the primary endpoint total exercise duration ( TED , P = 0.423 ) . a pre-specified sub-analysis of patients with reduced exercise capacity ( TED at baseline 9 min , n = 257 ) , PETN appeared more effective than placebo treatment ( P = 0.054 ) . of PETN over placebo was evident in patients who were symptomatic at low exercise levels ( n = 120 ; P = 0.017 ) . tetranitrate 80 mg b.i.d. was well tolerated , and the overall safety profile was comparable with placebo . providing no additional benefit in unselected patients with known coronary artery disease , PETN therapy , administered in addition to modern anti-ischaemic therapy , could increase exercise tolerance in symptomatic patients with reduced exercise capacity ."
3959,Abstract #3959,"investigate whether ECC may produce regional liberation of inflammatory mediators capable of inducing vascular effects and organ damage . study [ corrected ] . surgery department in a University hospital . patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG , group A ) and ten patients operated for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm ( controls , group B ) have been studied . of Interleukin 1beta ( IL1 ) , Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha ( TNF ) , Interleukin 6 ( IL6 ) , and Endothelin 1 ( ET1 ) were measured in pulmonary capillary , arterial , and venous blood and in bronchoalveolar lavages ( BAL ) before , during and after extracorporeal circulation ( ECC ) or surgical intervention . ( never > 35 pg/ml ) and IL1beta ( range 20-300 pg/ml ) values did not change over time for both groups . concentrations in all samples of group A increased between five and twenty fold , during and after ECC ( from 3-5 pg/ml up to 240 pg/ml , p < 0.001 ) . trend was similar in controls after surgical stress . 1 was always undetectable in the BAL fluid , with a modest , but significant increase in pulmonary capillary blood of group A , after ECC , ( from 11 + / -4 pg/ml to 18 + / -5 pg/ml , p < 0.001 ) . increment correlated well with the PVR increase , but was transient and after 24 hours , ET1 values returned to baseline levels . values of ET1 increased also in controls , but not significantly . may induce ET1 liberation in pulmonary circulation with transient pulmonary vasoconstriction , but wihout intra-alveolar release , or lung damage . concentrations of IL6 probably express a response to surgical procedure rather than an effect exclusively related to ECC ."
3960,Abstract #3960,"evaluate in vitro the fracture resistance of quartz fiber posts for three different dowel lengths . single-rooted human premolars with similar root length and diameter were endodontically treated and randomly divided into three experimental groups ( n = 10 ) according to the post space depth created : ( 1 ) 5 mm ; ( 2 ) 7 mm ; ( 3 ) 9 mm . fiber posts ( Endo Light post ) were cemented using a dual cured resin cement with its adhesive system ( Prime & Bond NT + Fluorocore 2 ) . 24 hours , specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and loaded under continuous compressive force at the extruding coronal part of the post ( 45-degree angle ) to the long tooth axis ( crosshead speed : 0.75 mm/minute ) . at fracture ( Newtons ) were recorded . ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for the statistical analysis ( P < 0.05 ) . strength values ( SD ) were : ( 1 ) 40.52 ( 3.14 ) ; ( 2 ) 41.68 ( 5.31 ) ; ( 3 ) 44.88 ( 6.77 ) , respectively . statistically significant differences were found among the groups ."
3961,Abstract #3961,"is a central regulator of iron metabolism . hepcidin levels are increased in patients with renal insufficiency , which may contribute to anemia . hepcidin was found to be increased in some patients after cardiac surgery , and these patients were less likely to develop acute kidney injury . has been suggested that urine hepcidin may protect by attenuating heme-mediated injury , but processes involved in urine hepcidin excretion are unknown . assess the role of tubular reabsorption we compared fractional excretion ( FE ) of hepcidin-25 with FE of 2-microglobulin ( ( 2 ) m ) in 30 patients with various degrees of tubular impairment due to chronic renal disease . prove that hepcidin is reabsorbed by the tubules in a megalin-dependent manner , we measured urine hepcidin-1 in wild-type and kidney specific megalin-deficient mice . , we evaluated FE of hepcidin-25 and ( 2 ) m in 19 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery . was measured by a mass spectrometry assay ( MS ) , whereas ( 2 ) m was measured by ELISA . patients with chronic renal disease , FE of hepcidin-25 was strongly correlated with FE of ( 2 ) m ( r = 0.93 , P < 0.01 ) . megalin-deficient mice , urine hepcidin-1 was 7-fold increased compared to wild-type mice ( p < 0.01 ) indicating that proximal tubular reabsorption occurs in a megalin - dependent manner . cardiac surgery , FE of hepcidin-25 increased despite a decline in FE of ( 2 ) m , potentially indicating local production at 12-24 hours . is reabsorbed by the renal tubules and increased urine hepcidin-25 levels may reflect a reduction in tubular uptake . of FE of hepcidin-25 and ( 2 ) m in cardiac surgery patients suggests local production ."
3962,Abstract #3962,"aspergillosis ( IA ) has a poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients . of drugs that act on different targets are expected to improve the clinical efficacy of separate compounds . with proven or probable IA were randomized in a prospective , open pilot study to receive either a combination of liposomal amphotericin B ( AmB ) at the standard dose ( 3 mg/kg daily ) and caspofungin at the standard dose or monotherapy with a high-dose AmB regimen ( 10 mg/kg daily ) . patients ( 21 men and 9 women ) with hematologic malignancies were analyzed , and there were 15 patients in each arm . median duration of treatment was 18 days for the combination group and 17 days for the high-dose monotherapy group . the end of treatment , there were significantly more favorable overall responses ( partial or complete responses ; P = .028 ) in the combination group ( 10 of 15 patients ; 67 % ) compared with the high-dose monotherapy group ( 4 of 15 patients ; 27 % ) . rates at 12 weeks after inclusion were 100 % and 80 % , respectively . reactions occurred in 3 patients in the high-dose monotherapy group . 2-fold increase in serum creatinine occurred in 4 of 17 patients ( 23 % ) who received high-dose monotherapy and 1 of 15 patient ( 7 % ) who received combination therapy ; hypokalemia < 3 mmol/L occurred in 3 patients and 2 patients , respectively . combination of liposomal AmB and caspofungin was promising as therapy for IA compared with monotherapy . trial that includes more patients will be required next to confirm the results of this pilot study ."
3963,Abstract #3963,"compare postoperative pain of partial tonsillectomy ( PT ) with scalpel and total classical tonsillectomy ( TT ) . , randomized study at a tertiary care institution . children who were diagnosed with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy were included to the study . 's tonsils were removed totally ( Group TT ) by classical dissection tonsillectomy or partially ( Group PT ) using scalpel and tissue scissors . parents were instructed to fill out a form daily for nine postoperative days ; recording total amount of analgesics administered that day and a Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) each day assessing child 's life quality and daily activities . children ( 2-14 years old ) who completed the study were included in the analysis . tonsillectomy group ( Group TT ) consisted of 41 patients and partial tonsillectomy group ( Group PT ) consisted of 40 patients . was no difference between two groups ' operative parameters such as operation time [ 21.3 min ( PT ) and 22.3 min ( TT ) ] and blood loss [ 44.2 ml ( PT ) and 46.0 ml ( TT ) ] ( p > 0.05 ) . group received significantly less dosage of analgesics per day ; 1.18 + / -1.27 vs. 2.00 + / -1.45 ( p < 0.005 ) . used analgesic dose in PT group were also lower than TT group ( 10.7 + / -7.13 vs. 18.02 + / -6.99 doses ) . each day 's analgesic use was compared separately a significant difference was found ( p < 0.05 ) in all days except 9th postoperative day ( p > 0.05 ) . was no difference in the pain scores between two techniques ( p > 0.05 ) . tonsillectomy , PT aims to remove the tonsilla palatina subtotally . is especially performed in children with obstructive tonsils . with scalpel is an inexpensive and safe method necessitating only standard surgical instruments . causes less postoperative pain than classical dissection tonsillectomy ."
3964,Abstract #3964,", rosuvastatin and pitavastatin are available for intensive , aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) - lowering therapy in clinical practice . objective of the Randomized Head-to-Head Comparison of Pitavastatin , Atorvastatin , and Rosuvastatin for Safety and Efficacy ( Quantity and Quality of LDL ) ( PATROL ) Trial was to compare the safety and efficacy of atorvastatin , rosuvastatin and pitavastatin head to head in patients with hypercholesterolemia . is the first prospective randomized multi-center trial to compare these strong statins ( UMIN Registration No : 000000586 ) . with risk factors for coronary artery disease and elevated LDL-C levels were randomized to receive atorvastatin ( 10mg/day ) , rosuvastatin ( 2.5 mg/day ) , or pitavastatin ( 2mg/day ) for 16 weeks . was assessed in terms of adverse event rates , including abnormal clinical laboratory variables related to liver and kidney function and skeletal muscle . was assessed by the changes in the levels and patterns of lipoproteins . hundred and two patients ( from 51 centers ) were enrolled , and these 3 strong statins equally reduced LDL-C and LDL particles , as well as fast-migrating LDL ( modified LDL ) by 40-45 % . developed pitavastatin was non-inferior to the other 2 statins in lowering LDL-C . were no differences in the rate of adverse drug reactions among the 3 groups , but HbA ( 1c ) was increased while uric acid was decreased in the atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups . safety and efficacy of these 3 strong statins are equal . is suggested that the use of these 3 statins be completely dependent on physician discretion based on patient background ."
3965,Abstract #3965,"and certified registered nurse anesthetists ( CRNAs ) must acquire the skills to recognize and manage a variety of acute intraoperative emergencies . simulation-based assessment provides a useful and efficient means to evaluate these skills . this study , we evaluated and compared the performance of board-certified anesthesiologists and CRNAs managing a set of simulated intraoperative emergencies . enrolled 26 CRNAs and 35 board-certified anesthesiologists in a prospective , randomized , single-blinded study . 61 specialists each managed 8 of 12 randomly selected , scripted , intraoperative simulation exercises . were expected to recognize and initiate appropriate therapy for intraoperative events during a 5-min period . primary raters scored 488 simulation exercises ( 61 participants x 8 encounters ) . achieved a modestly higher mean overall score than CRNAs ( 66.6 % + / - 11.7 [ range = 41.7 % -86.7 % ] vs 59.9 % + / - 10.2 [ range = 38.3 % -80.4 % ] P < 0.01 ) . were no significant differences in performance between groups on individual encounters . raters were consistent in their identification of key actions . reliability of the eight-scenario assessment , with two raters for each scenario , was 0.80 . anesthesiologists , on average , achieved a modestly higher overall score , there was marked and similar variability in both groups . wide range suggests that certification in either discipline may not yield uniform acumen in management of simulated intraoperative emergencies . both groups , there were practitioners who failed to diagnose and treat simulated emergencies . this is reflective of clinical practice , it represents a patient safety concern . assessment provides a tool to determine the ability of practitioners to respond appropriately to clinical emergencies . all practitioners could effectively manage these critical events , the standard of patient care and ultimately patient safety could be improved ."
3966,Abstract #3966,"determine whether or not the routine use of postoperative dressings prevents surgical site infection and wound dehiscence . with clean or clean-contaminated ( e.g. hernia , orchidectomy cystolithotomy , ureterolithotomy , appendectomy ) sutured surgical wounds were randomised into two groups : those who did not receive postoperative dressings ( the study group ) and those who did ( the control group ) . like adequate haemostasis , sterile techniques , obliteration of all wound cavities , and approximation of divided structures were not controlled for . were assessed after 6 and 24 hours , and on the third and fifth postoperative days for clinical signs of infection and dehiscence . total of 123 patients with 124 clean surgical wounds were recruited into the study . mean age and ratio of men and women in each group were comparable . was no significant difference in the rate of wound complications between the two groups : 4.76 % for the study group and 4.92 % for control . on these preliminary data , surgical wounds left open do not have an increased incidence of surgical site infection and wound dehiscence , compared with similar types of wounds dressed postoperatively . a large teaching hospital , the extrapolated cost savings of dressing materials alone can be significant . studies are needed to confirm these results . ."
3967,Abstract #3967,"practice in intubation without muscle relaxant is to inject the opioid drug prior to the hypnotic drug . remifentanil reaches adequate cerebral concentration more rapidly than does propofol , we tested the hypothesis that injection of remifentanil after propofol might lead to better intubating conditions . ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective surgery and with no anticipated difficult intubation were enrolled in the study . minutes after midazolam 30 microg kg ( -1 ) , patients were randomized into two groups : group PR received propofol 2.5 mg kg ( -1 ) followed by remifentanil 1 microg kg ( -1 ) , and group RP received remifentanil 1 microg kg ( -1 ) followed by propofol 2.5 mg kg ( -1 ) . conditions were compared using a well-validated score , and continuous arterial pressure was recorded non-invasively . with group RP , intubating conditions were significantly better in group PR . mean arterial pressure decrease was more pronounced in group RP . therefore conclude that in premedicated healthy patients with no anticipated risk of difficult intubation , intubating and haemodynamic conditions are better when remifentanil is injected after propofol ."
3968,Abstract #3968,"patients treated with intensive chemotherapy usually require the placement of a central venous catheter ( CVC ) . are frequently complicated by catheter-related central venous thrombosis ( CVT ) , which has been associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism and catheter-related infection . determine the efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis with s.c. low-molecular-weight heparin ( nadroparin ) administered once daily in a randomized placebo-controlled , double-blind trial in patients with hematologic malignancies . patients with hematologic malignancies requiring intensive chemotherapy including autologous stem cell transplantation were eligible . patients were randomized to receive nadroparin 2850 antifactor Xa units once daily or placebo s.c. for 3 weeks . was performed on day 21 after CVC insertion . outcomes were bleeding and catheter-related infection . total , 113 patients were randomized to nadroparin or placebo , and 87 patients ( 77 % ) underwent venography . total , 11 venographically proven catheter-related CVTs were diagnosed . frequency of catheter-related CVT was not significantly different between study groups , namely four catheter-related CVTs in the placebo group [ 9 % ; 95 % CI : 0.002-0 .16 ] vs. seven catheter-related CVTs in the nadroparin group ( 17 % ; 95 % CI : 0.06-0 .28 ) . addition , no difference in the incidence of catheter-related infection or bleeding was observed between the groups . study showed that the actual risk for catheter-related CVT in patients with hematologic malignancies is lower than suggested in earlier studies in cancer patients . prophylactic administration of nadroparin appeared to be safe in this group of patients with a high risk of bleeding , it can not be recommended for the prevention of catheter-related CVT or catheter-related infection in patients with hematologic malignancies ."
3969,Abstract #3969,"decrement in blood glucose ( BG ) may be observed in patients with Type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) when exercise is performed after a meal , in contrast to fasting . determined the impact of different pre-exercise meal macronutrient compositions with modulation of the glycaemic index ( GI ) on glucose regulation during exercise in patients with T2DM . a randomized , single-blind crossover design , 10 sedentary men performed five exercise sessions , once after an overnight fast , and also after each of four test meals , consisting of a high-fat/low-carbohydrate meal , a high-GI meal , a low-GI meal , and a low-calorie meal . BG and insulin levels were comparable for all four meals . decreased BG and insulin levels during all meal conditions ( all P < 0.001 ) compared with the fasting state in which BG levels did not change . magnitude of BG and insulin decrements was similar after consuming the low-calorie , the high-GI and the high-fat/low-carbohydrate meals , whereas the low-GI meal induced the lowest BG fall . response was higher after consumption of the high - , the low-GI and the low-caloric meals compared with the high-fat/low-carbohydrate meal and with the fasting state ( P < 0.05 ) . study underlines the beneficial effect of low-GI foods and the differential impact of pre-exercise meal macronutrient composition on BG decrease . may protect against exercise-induced hypoglycaemia , and reiterates the safety of exercising while fasting in T2DM patients ."
3970,Abstract #3970,"Index ( BIS ) - titrated administration allows a reduction of propofol infusion rates in patients undergoing surgery . differences in anesthetic depth might affect the stress response to surgery involving neural circuitry not reflected in the electroencephalogram . patients scheduled to undergo elective coronary artery bypass grafting receiving a background infusion of remifentanil ( 0.3 microg . . ) were anesthetized with intravenous propofol delivered by target-controlled infusion according to the Marsh pharmacokinetic model under BIS monitoring . a randomized , prospective design , 20 patients received propofol at a target concentration of 3 microg/ml , whereas in 20 patients propofol was titrated to maintain a BIS value of 40-50 . concentrations of propofol ( by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ) , epinephrine , norepinephrine ( by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography ) , cortisol ( by means of radioimmunoassay ) , and interleukins 6 and 10 ( by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ) were measured repeatedly throughout surgery . monitoring allowed a 30 % reduction of propofol infusion rates and a similar decrease in plasma propofol concentrations in the BIS group without affecting the stress response to surgery for the group mean . of the patients reported awareness during a standardized interview . , propofol-remifentanil anesthesia blunted the release of epinephrine and cortisol to bypass surgery completely even when the propofol infusion rate was reduced according to BIS values . intravenous anesthesia using propofol-remifentanil effectively attenuates the neurohumoral stress response to coronary bypass surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass . of propofol using BIS allows for significant reduction of propofol consumption , with only minor effects on stress response under these conditions ."
3971,Abstract #3971,"development is the most frequently reported postoperative complication of pelvic lymph node dissection ( PLND ) performed with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy ( LRP ) . study evaluated the efficacy of a vessel-sealing device ( VSD ) for the prevention of lymphocele development . total of 120 patients who underwent LRP with PLND were prospectively enrolled . patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups : PLND using a conventional technique ( group 1 ) , and PLND performed with VSD ( group 2 ) . patients underwent computed tomography ( CT ) scanning 1 month postoperatively to evaluate the maximum sectional area of the lymphoceles . developed in 63 cases ( 52.5 % ) . case ( 0.8 % ) was symptomatic with infection , and drainage tube placement was required . the other 62 patients , the lymphoceles developed asymptomatically and were detected by CT scanning . was no significant difference in the lymphocele development ratio between the two groups . , when we defined a lymphocele over 1500 mm ( 2 ) as being a significant size , lymphoceles were present in 16 of 60 patients in group 1 and 4 of 60 patients in group 2 . incidence of significant lymphoceles over 1500 mm ( 2 ) in the group using VSD was much lower than that of the group without VSD ( p < 0.01 ) . analysis demonstrated that VSD was the only independent factor that had an effect on preventing the development of lymphoceles over 1500 mm ( 2 ) ( p < 0.01 , odds ratio = 4.96 ) . results indicate that the development of large lymphoceles can be prevented by using VSD in LRP with PLND ."
3972,Abstract #3972,"phase III trial of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for first-line treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer included a substudy to determine whether pertuzumab affected the corrected QT ( QTc ) interval or other electrocardiogram parameters . 12-lead electrocardiogram measurements and serum samples were collected before ( -30 and -15 min ) and after ( 0-15 and 60-75 min ) pertuzumab/placebo infusions ( Cycles 1 and 3 ) , and at 72 h post-infusion ( Cycle 1 ) . 's correction was applied to QT measurements ( QTcF ) and change from baseline ( QTcF ) calculated . analyses were performed on baseline-adjusted , placebo-corrected QTcF values ( QTcF ) . mixed-effects modeling evaluated potential exposure-response relationships between QTcF and observed pertuzumab concentrations . female patients participated in the substudy . values in both groups were within the normal range and below critical thresholds of clinical concern . pertuzumab-treated patient showed abnormal electrocardiogram morphology . Cycle 1 , mean QTcF ( 90 % CI ) values at 0-15 min , 60-75 min , and 72 h post-infusion were -6.96 ( -13.69 , -0.23 ) , -6.35 ( -13.57 , 0.88 ) , and -4.08 ( -12.64 , 4.48 ) , all of which were < 5 ms , with upper CI limits < 10 ms. One Cycle 3 post-infusion mean QTcF value exceeded 5 ms. Other electrocardiogram parameters were within normal ranges . modeling showed no apparent relationship between QTcF and pertuzumab concentrations . monitoring and concentration-QTc modeling demonstrated that pertuzumab , combined with trastuzumab and docetaxel , had no clinically relevant effects on QTcF and other electrocardiogram parameters ."
3973,Abstract #3973,"compare the effects of CO ( 2 ) laser transcutaneous blepharoplasty with CO ( 2 ) laser transconjunctival blepharoplasty with simultaneous resurfacing for the treatment of lower lid dermatochalasis . men and 23 women , between 42 and 67 years of age , participated in this study . were divided into two groups : ( 1 ) CO ( 2 ) laser transconjunctival blepharoplasty with resurfacing or ( 2 ) CO ( 2 ) laser transcutaneous blepharoplasty by the skin-muscle approach without resurfacing . two operative techniques were compared with regard to the patient 's satisfaction , complications and effectiveness on lower lid bulging and wrinkles . blepharoplasty with simultaneous laser resurfacing yielded satisfactory results with improvement of the lower lid bulging in 92 % of the 20 subjects . erythema was seen in only 5 % and hiperpigmentation in 10 % of this group , but 80 % of the patients complained of long postoperative care . the other hand , with the transcutaneous approach , lower lid bulging was perfect in 98 % of the 16 subjects ; although the rate of complications such as lateral canthal rounding ( 3.2 % ) and ectropion ( 6.25 % ) was higher , the patients had no problems with the period of postoperative care . of 16 subjects in this group also demonstrated a better appearance of the lower lid wrinkles . transconjunctival blepharoplasty with laser resurfacing is now the most common surgical procedure for lower eyelid dermatochalasis and orbital fat herniation , postoperative care after laser resurfacing can be a problem in a certain group of patients . blepharoplasty via the skin-muscle approach may be preferable in certain cases because of the short recovery period ."
3974,Abstract #3974,"coronary artery disease ( CAD ) is evident in only half of patients referred for diagnostic angiography . heart rate variability ( HRV ) is a non-invasive marker for autonomic control of the vasculature , which this study hypothesised could risk-stratify cardiac patients and reduce unnecessary angiograms . prospective observational study ( the Alternative Risk Markers in Coronary Artery Disease ( ARM-CAD ) study ) . cardiac centres in Melbourne , Australia . consecutive patients undergoing elective angiography ( with predominantly normal cardiac rhythm ) , regardless of co-morbidity . presence of obstructive CAD ( 50 % stenosis ) on angiography . with obstructive CAD had significantly reduced HRV , particularly in the low frequency ( LF ) range ( median 180 vs 267 ms ( 2 ) without CAD ; p < 0.001 ) . was a linear trend with the severity of CAD ; median LF power ( IQR ) in patients with normal coronaries was 275 ( 612 ) , with minor coronary irregularities 255 ( 400 ) , single-vessel CAD 212 ( 396 ) and more severe disease 170 ( 327 ) ms ( 2 ) ; p value for trend 0.003 . was a similar reduction in LF power regardless of the anatomical location of coronary stenoses . patients with LF less than 250 and 250 ms ( 2 ) or greater , the adjusted OR for obstructive CAD using multivariate regression was 2.42 , 95 % CI 1.33 to 4.38 ( p = 0.004 ) . interactions were noted in subgroup analysis and HRV added to risk prediction irrespective of the baseline Framingham risk ( p < 0.0001 ) . HRV is strongly predictive of angiographic coronary disease regardless of other co-morbidities and is clinically useful as a risk predictor in patients with sinus rhythm . www.armcad.com ."
3975,Abstract #3975,"determine whether the outcomes of routine home visiting by public health nurses ( PHN ) after early obstetrical discharge differ from those of a screening telephone call designed to identify mothers who need further intervention . delivering a singleton infant and eligible for postpartum follow-up were randomized to a home visit or screening telephone call . were collected by telephone from 733 participants located at two tertiary care centres in Ontario . included maternal confidence at two weeks , health problems of the infants between discharge and four weeks postpartum , breastfeeding rates at six months and costs of the two models . between the samples at the two sites necessitated stratified analyses . differences were detected between the groups in maternal confidence ( p = 0.96 ) , health problems of infants ( p = 0.87 ) , or rates of breastfeeding at six months ( p = 0.22 ) . , at both sites the cost of routine home visits was found to be higher than that of screening by telephone . universal access to postpartum support is important , the results suggest that a routine home visit is not always necessary to identify the women who need it . results can be generalized only to low-risk women and infants ."
3976,Abstract #3976,"randomized , double-blind study was conducted to evaluate whether use of protein hydrolysate-based preterm formulas in infants with an atopic predisposition helps prevent the development of allergic diseases . infants ( n = 122 ) with at least one first-degree relative ( parent or sibling ) with allergic disease were randomly assigned to receive an extensively or partially hydrolysed preterm formula ( intervention groups ) or a standard preterm formula until 4 to 5 mo of age . whose parents preferred that they be breastfed received their mothers ' fortified breast milk . analysis showed that the overall incidence of allergic diseases did not significantly differ between groups at both 4-5 and 12 mo of age . , by 12 mo , use of the extensively hydrolysed versus the standard preterm formula had significantly reduced the risk of atopic dermatitis . 4-5 and 12 mo , there was a significantly increased risk of non-acceptance of the extensively hydrolysed formula compared with the other formulas . study failed to show that extensively or partially hydrolysed preterm formulas in comparison with a standard preterm formula reduced the overall incidence of allergic diseases in infants at high risk for atopic disease . , use of the extensively hydrolysed compared with a standard preterm formula significantly reduced the incidence of atopic dermatitis observed at 12 mo. . who received extensively hydrolysed formulas were at increased risk for intervention discontinuation for any reason , particularly non-acceptance of the formula . of the small number of patients eligible for this analysis , these results should be interpreted with caution ."
3977,Abstract #3977,"resection is the most effective treatment for many malignant and benign conditions affecting the liver and biliary tree . improvements , major partial hepatectomy can be associated with considerable blood loss and transfusion requirements . of allogeneic blood products , although potentially life-saving , is associated with many potential complications . primary aim of this study was to determine if acute normovolemic hemodilution ( ANH ) , an established blood conservation technique , reduces the requirement for allogeneic red cell transfusions in patients undergoing major hepatic resection . hundred thirty patients undergoing major hepatic resection ( > or = 3 segments ) were prospectively randomized to undergo either ANH or standard anesthetic management ( STD ) . the ANH group , intraoperative blood collection was performed to a target hemoglobin of 8.0 g/dL . central venous pressure anesthetic technique was used intraoperatively for both groups . standardized transfusion protocol was applied to all patients intraoperatively and throughout the hospital stay . April 2004 to March 2007 , 63 patients were randomized to ANH and 67 to STD . , diagnoses , liver function , extent of resection , intraoperative blood loss , operative time , incidence and grade of complications , and length of hospital stay were similar between the 2 groups . reduced the overall allogeneic red cell transfusion rate by 50 % compared with STD [ 12.7 % ( n = 8 ) vs. 25.4 % ( n = 17 ) , respectively ; P = 0.067 . patients were less often transfused intraoperatively ( n = 1 , 1.6 % ) compared with the STD group ( n = 7 , 10.4 % ) ( P = 0.036 ) , had higher postoperative hemoglobin levels ( P = 0.01 ) , and tended to require fewer red cell units overall ( 28 vs. 47 units ) . patients with intraoperative blood loss > or = 800 mL , ANH reduced not only the allogeneic red cell transfusion rate ( 18.2 % vs. 42.4 % , P = 0.045 ) but also the proportion of patients requiring fresh frozen plasma ( 21.1 % vs. 48.3 % , P = 0.025 ) . patients undergoing major liver resection , ANH is safe , effectively reduces the need for allogeneic transfusions , and should be considered for routine use . the modest transfusion rate in the STD arm , future efforts should attempt to target ANH use to patients most likely to benefit ."
3978,Abstract #3978,"study aimed to compare 3 treatment modalities during sleep at an altitude of 5300 m to identify strategies for reducing the incidence of periodic breathing at high altitude . trekkers , with identical ascent profiles and no signs or symptoms of altitude illness , served as subjects . study participants arrived at 5300 m after a gradual ascent from 1300 m. On their second night at 5300 m , subjects were randomly assigned ( with a computer-based random assignment procedure ) to 1 of 4 different treatment groups : control ( n = 4 ) ; 1 L/min O ( 2 ) via a demand system during sleep ( n = 3 ) ; 1 L/min O ( 2 ) / CO ( 2 ) mix ( 1.5 % CO ( 2 ) ) via a demand system during sleep ( n = 4 ) ; or 125 mg acetazolamide 30 minutes before bedtime ( n = 4 ) . rate , respiration rate , blood oxygen saturation , tidal volume , minute volume , and apnea hypopnea index were measured . comparing the 4 groups , there were no statistically significant differences between the variables . analysis of variance indicated a trend toward statistical significance for SaO ( 2 ) between groups ( F = 2.9 , P = .08 ) , and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference ( HSD ) post hoc tests indicated a trend in the SaO ( 2 ) difference between the 1 L/min oxygen and control groups ( P = .07 ) . 1-way analysis of variance suggested no difference for respiratory rate between groups ( F = 2.5 , P = .1 ) , Tukey HSD indicated a trend in statistical difference of the respiratory rate between 1 L/min O ( 2 ) and 1 L/min O ( 2 ) / CO ( 2 ) mixture ( P = .08 ) . statistical trends found between control and treatment groups indicate that further study is warranted ."
3979,Abstract #3979,"patient-reported outcomes ( PROs ) of laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC ) are premised upon PROs such as postoperative pain and fatigue . PROs are indices of convalescence and return to normal activity . ( turmeric ) is used in India for traumatic pain and fatigue for its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant and tissue modulation/healing properties . studied the effect of curcumin on pain and postoperative fatigue in patients of LC . July to September 2009 , 50 consecutive day-care LC candidates were enrolled for a prospective , double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study . uniform general anesthesia and analgesia protocol was followed . and rescue analgesic were prescribed at discharge . were told to maintain pain/fatigue/adverse event diaries based upon 100-point visual analog pain scale ( VAS ) and 10-point interval rating fatigue scale ( IRS ) . were followed up at third day ( D3 ) , first week ( W1 ) , second week ( W2 ) , and third week ( W3 ) . blind labels were opened at the end of study . characteristics , comorbidity , and gallbladder pathology profiles were comparable in the study ( n = 25 ) and control groups ( n = 25 ) . was no adverse surgical outcome , adverse PRO or withdrawal . and fatigue scores at D3 were similar in the two groups . W1 and W2 , the study group showed significantly lower ( p value 0.000 ) mean pain scores , i.e. , 15 5.204 versus 30 13 in controls . scores at W1 , W2 , and W3 were significantly lower ( p value 0.000 ) in the study group , i.e. , 2.16 1.748 , 1 , and 0 , respectively , versus 5.16 1.375 , 4.20 1.633 , and 1 in controls . patients were pain free at W3 . tablet usage was significantly lower ( p value 0.000 ) in the study group , i.e. , 6.96 1.837 versus 39.32 16.509 in controls . ( curcumin ) improves postoperative pain - and fatigue-related PROs following LC ."
3980,Abstract #3980,"evaluate the 3-year clinical durability of the flowable bulk-fill resin composite SDR in Class I and Class II restorations . pairs of Class I and 62 pairs of Class II restorations were placed in 44 male and 42 female patients ( mean age 52.4 years ) . patient received at least two extended Class I or Class II restorations that were as similar as possible . all cavities , a one-step self-etching adhesive ( XenoV + ) was applied . of the cavities of each pair was randomly assigned to receive the flowable bulk-fill resin composite SDR in increments up to 4 mm as needed to fill the cavity 2 mm short of the occlusal cavosurface . occlusal part was completed with an ormocer-based nanohybrid resin composite ( Ceram X mono + ) . the other cavity , only the resin composite CeramX mono + was placed in 2 mm increments . restorations were evaluated using slightly modified USPHS criteria at baseline and then annually for 3 years . risk and bruxing habits of the participants were estimated . post-operative sensitivity was reported . the 3-year follow-up , 196 restorations - 74 Class I and 122 Class II - were evaluated . restorations failed ( 3.6 % ) , 4 SDR-CeramX mono + and 3 CeramX mono + only restorations , all of which were Class II . main reason for failure was tooth fracture , followed by resin composite fracture . annual failure rate ( AFR ) for all restorations ( Class I and II ) was 1.2 % for the bulkfilled restorations and 1.0 % for the resin composite-only restorations ( p > 0.05 ) . the Class II restorations , the AFR was 2.2 % and 1.6 % , respectively . 4-mm bulk-fill technique showed good clinical effectiveness during the 3-year follow-up ."
3981,Abstract #3981,"analyse ( 1 ) the prognostic importance of clinical findings and lipids in patients with a previous myocardial infarction and ( 2 ) the relative and absolute benefit of simvastatin in patients at low , medium and high predicted risk . 4S was a double-blind , randomized , clinical trial of long-term treatment with simvastatin or matching placebo in patients with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris , serum total cholesterol 5.5-8 .0 mmol x l ( -1 ) , and serum triglycerides < or = 2.5 mmol x l ( -1 ) . present study only deals with those 3525 patients who had a previous myocardial infarction . comprised coronary death , definite and probable hospital verified myocardial infarction , and resuscitated cardiac arrest . there were few women the primary analyses were performed among men . Cox model analysis in the placebo group identified the following independent predictors of coronary events : a history of hypertension ( P = 0.023 ) , diabetes ( P = 0.0001 ) , smoking after the myocardial infarction ( P = 0.010 ) , total cholesterol ( P = 0.020 ) , and HDL cholesterol ( P = 0.062 ) . relative reduction of risk by simvastatin treatment in patients at low , medium and high predicted risk was 38 % , 39 % and 42 % , respectively , but the corresponding absolute benefit per 100 patients treated for 6 years increased from 7.9 to 16.2 . addition to serum lipids , clinical variables contributed significantly to prediction . relative benefit from simvastatin treatment was independent of predicted risk , but the absolute benefit increased from low to high risk ."
3982,Abstract #3982,"and early virological responses to peginterferon-alpha and ribavirin are predictive of sustained virological response ( SVR ) in hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infection . aimed at finding a simple rule to determine the shortest duration of dual therapy for all HCV genotypes , obtained by multiplying time to Initial Viral Response , IVR ( first undetectable HCV-RNA ) by 4 ( Tailored Therapy-4 , or TT4 ) . nave HCV-infected patients with compensated liver disease were randomized ( 2:1 ) to the TT4 ( n = 180 ) or current standard-of-care ( SoC , n = 87 ) and received peginterferon-alpha plus ribavirin . with HCV-RNA decrease 2log10 at week 12 or detectable HCV-RNA at week 24 discontinued treatment . groups had comparable baseline characteristics , SVR rates were similar in the whole population ( 60.6 % vs. 60.9 % ) and within each genotype subgroup ( G1 : 46.6 % vs. 55.6 % ; G2 : 90.2 % vs. 94.4 % ; G3 : 74.1 % vs. 58.3 % ; G4 : 45.8 % vs. 33.3 % ) . rate was higher in G1-TT4 than G1-SoC . duration in SVR patients was shorter in TT4 compared to SoC , both overall [ 2515 vs. 3612.1 weeks ] , and for subgroups : G1 [ 35.316.7 vs. 47.32.6 weeks ] , G2 [ 18.37.5 vs. 242.8 weeks ] , G3 [ 15.28.7 vs. 22.83 weeks ] and G4 [ 26.913 vs. 48 weeks ] . HCV-naive patients , TT4-rule treatment yields similar SVR rates compared to SoC but with shorter treatment duration and remarkable cost reduction ."
3983,Abstract #3983,"purpose was to compare the efficacy and safety of two standardized preparations of prostaglandin E2 , Prepidil and Cervidil , for ripening of the cervix and initiation of labor . was a prospective randomized study . in whom induction of labor was indicated were randomly assigned to receive either Prepidil ( n = 36 ) , an intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel , or Cervidil ( n = 37 ) , a controlled-release hydrogel pessary , as a cervical ripening agent . criteria included ( 1 ) a Bishop score of < or = 7 , ( 2 ) a cervix < 4 cm dilated , and ( 3 ) < or = 2 cm of cervical dilatation if effacement was > 70 % . agent was administered according to the manufacturer 's recommendations . was no difference in Bishop scores between the two groups at the completion of the ripening process . following mean times were shorter for the pessary group than for the gel group : ( 1 ) insertion of the ripening agent to vaginal delivery ( 20.6 vs 26.4 hours , p = 0.017 ) , ( 2 ) time to achieve cervical ripening ( 11.1 vs 15.2 hours , p < 0.001 ) , ( 3 ) time to achieve active labor ( 18.3 vs 25.5 hours , p = 0.019 ) , and ( 4 ) hospital stay ( 3.7 vs 4.4 days , p = 0.03 ) . was initiated without the use of oxytocin in 24 % of patients in the pessary group versus 3 % of those in the gel group ( p = 0.014 ) . prostaglandin E2 agents are effective in achieving cervical ripening ; however , the controlled-release pessary achieves ripening over a shorter time period . , because time to achieve vaginal delivery and length of stay are shorter , the use of oxytocin is less frequent , and there is no increase in complications , the overall cost is expected to be less with the use of Cervidil as compared with Prepidil ."
3984,Abstract #3984,"objective of this study was to examine the potential of once-daily dosing with darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg in a HIV-infected , treatment-experienced patient population with no baseline darunavir resistance-associated mutations ( RAMs ) . in the randomized controlled POWER 1 and 2 trials were treatment experienced , with > or = 1 International AIDS Society-USA primary protease inhibitor ( PI ) mutation . virological and immunological responses in patients with no baseline darunavir RAMs receiving darunavir/r 800/100 mg once daily ( n = 23 ) , darunavir/r 600/100 mg twice daily ( n = 29 ) , or currently available PI ( s ) ( n = 28 ) plus an optimized background regimen were compared . proportion of patients achieving HIV RNA < 50 copies per milliliter at week 24 was 67 % for the group receiving darunavir/r 800/100 mg once daily and 62 % for the group receiving darunavir/r 600/100 mg twice daily ( P = 0.774 ) ; both were superior to control PI ( s ) ( 11 % ; P < 0.0001 ) . HIV RNA change from baseline was 22.39 and 22.35 log10 copies per milliliter for the group receiving darunavir/r 800/100 mg once daily and for the group receiving 600/100 mg twice daily , respectively ( P = 0.895 ) ; mean CD4 increases were 88 and 111 cells per milliliter , respectively ( P = 0.526 ) . , HIV-infected patients with no baseline darunavir RAMs achieved similar high responses with darunavir/r 800/100 mg once daily and 600/100 mg twice daily . suggests that once-daily darunavir/r 800/100 mg therapy , which has been shown effective in treatment-naive patients and is currently being studied in treatment-experienced patients , shows potential in patients with no darunavir RAMs ."
3985,Abstract #3985,"guidelines for chest compressions in CPR advocate a one handed technique in children ( 1-8 years old ) and a two handed technique in adults ( > 8 years old ) . previous study has examined whether these two techniques generate different compression pressures . study assesses the relative difference in intrathoracic compression pressures generated by one - and two handed chest compression techniques in a paediatric manikin . crossover design . performed both types of chest compressions on an adapted paediatric resuscitation manikin connected to a pressure transducer and personal computer . approval was granted . 30 volunteer subjects ( 9 male , 21 female ) participated in the study . mean age was 30.8 years ( S.D. 8.6 ) , and mean weight was 70.5 kg ( S.D. 12.8 ) . mean compression pressure was 86.6 mmHg ( S.D. 13.68 ) for two handed and 75.1 mmHg ( S.D. 12.02 ) for one handed ( P < 0.001 , paired t-test ) . average peak compression pressure was 133.5 mmHg ( S.D. 26.36 ) for two handed and 116.8 mmHg ( S.D. 21.48 ) for one handed ( P = 0.001 , paired t-test ) ; 29 found the two handed technique easier to perform . handed chest compression CPR seems to be easier to perform on a paediatric resuscitation manikin and produces significantly higher mean and peak pressures . work is needed to determine the comparative effects on children and which technique produces better clinical outcomes ."
3986,Abstract #3986,"evaluate tissue protection by PGE1 during leg ischemia in patients undergoing aortic surgery . , controlled prospective clinical trial . university hospital . consecutive patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair . received infusions of 30 ng/kg/min of PGE1 or saline . variables , lactate , creatine phosphokinase , and thromboxane B2 ( TXB2 ) were measured . the control group , the decrease in cardiac index ( CI ) after aortic cross-clamping ( AXC ) persisted until unclamping together with a decrease in femoral venous O2 content ( CfvO2 ) . the PGE1 group , CI returned to baseline with a trend toward greater CfvO2 levels . reperfusion in the PGE1 group , O2 consumption and lactate levels exceeded preclamp values . hypertension occurred equally in both groups but did not correlate with TXB2 , which was not altered by surgery or by PGE1 infusion . PGE1 treatment offers no benefit and may exacerbate tissue ischemia during AXC by redistributing microcirculatory flow or limiting cellular oxygen utilization in a manner that overwhelms any possible protective effect ."
3987,Abstract #3987,"examine primary care physician ( PCP ) contributions toward racial and sex differences in the diagnosis and treatment of late-life depression . using a computerized instrument incorporating video interviews and text , with volunteer PCPs randomly assigned to one of four standardized video vignettes of an elderly patient depicting late-life depression . differed only in the patient/actor 's race ( white/African-American ) or sex . Academy of Family Physicians meeting , San Diego , California , 2002 . hundred seventy-eight U.S.-practicing postresidency PCPs who were asked to participate in a clinical decision-making study . computerized survey instrument assessed PCPs ' diagnoses , first-line treatment and management recommendations , and judgment of personal characteristics/behaviors for the patients in the vignettes . percent of all PCPs correctly diagnosed the elderly patient ( s ) with major depression . were no significant differences in the diagnosis of depression , treatment recommendations , or PCP assessment of most patient characteristics by the race or sex of the patient/actor in the vignette , but PCP characteristics , most notably the location of medical school training ( U.S. vs international ) , affected the likelihood of a depression diagnosis and treatment recommendations . standardized symptom-pictures , PCPs are just as likely to diagnose and treat depression in African-American as in white older people , suggesting that bias based simply on apparent patient race is not a likely explanation for the lower rates of depression diagnosis and treatment in older African Americans . who have trained at international medical schools may benefit from targeted training initiatives on the diagnosis and treatment of late-life depression ."
3988,Abstract #3988,"compare the effectiveness of 3 self-administered strategies for auditory training that might improve speech perception by adult users of cochlear implants . strategies are based , respectively , on discriminating isolated words , words in sentences , and phonemes in nonsense syllables . were 18 normal-hearing adults who listened to speech processed by a noise-excited vocoder to simulate the information provided by a cochlear implant . were assigned randomly to word - , sentence - , or phoneme-based training and underwent 9 training sessions ( 20 min each ) on separate days over a 2 - to 3-week period . effectiveness of training was assessed as the improvement in accuracy of discriminating vowels and consonants , as well as identifying words in sentences , relative to participants ' best performance in repeated tests prior to training . - and sentence-based training led to significant improvements in the ability to identify words in sentences that were significantly larger than the improvements produced by phoneme-based training . were no significant differences between the effectiveness of word - and sentence-based training . significant improvements in consonant or vowel discrimination were found for the sentence - or phoneme-based training groups , but some improvements were found for the word-based training group . word - and sentence-based training strategies were more effective than the phoneme-based strategy at improving the perception of spectrally distorted speech ."
3989,Abstract #3989,"is a cause of discomfort and dissatisfaction in patients undergoing cesarean section . objective of this study paper was to assess the impact of intrathecal administration of sufentanil on the incidence of shivering after cesarean section . a prospective blinded , randomized clinical trial , pregnant women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were enrolled . women in labor , febrile , obese , with pregnancy-induced hypertension , anesthetic block failure or surgical complications were excluded . were randomly assigned to two groups . Group I , 10mg of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with 80 mcg of morphine and 2.5 mcg of sufentanil were administered . Group II , 10mg of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine combined with 80 mcg of morphine were administered . the post-anesthesia care unit , patients were evaluated for signs of shivering by an investigator blinded to the patient 's group allocation . sample consisted of 80 patients . both groups there was a decrease in axillary temperature of patients after cesarean section ( p < 0.001 ) . decrease was not different between groups ( p < 0.21 ) . Group I , the incidence of tremor was 32.5 % ( 13/40 ) and in Group II it was 62.5 % ( 25/40 ) ( p < 0.007 ) ; RR 0.53 ( CI 95 % 0.32-0 .87 ) . has been suggested that the addition of sufentanil to hyperbaric bupivacaine and morphine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section provides a decrease in the incidence of shivering in the immediate postoperative period ."
3990,Abstract #3990,"( premature stop codon ) mutations in mRNA for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) cause cystic fibrosis ( CF ) in approximately 10 % of patients . ( PTC124 ) is an oral drug that permits ribosomes to readthrough premature stop codons in mRNA to produce functional protein . evaluate ataluren activity , safety , and pharmacokinetics in children with nonsense mutation CF. were assessed in two 28-day cycles , comprising 14 days on and 14 days off ataluren . took ataluren three times per day ( morning , midday , and evening ) with randomization to the order of receiving a lower dose ( 4 , 4 , and 8 mg/kg ) and a higher dose ( 10 , 10 , and 20 mg/kg ) in the two cycles . study enrolled 30 patients ( 16 male and 14 female , ages 6 through 18 yr ) with a nonsense mutation in at least one allele of the CFTR gene , a classical CF phenotype , and abnormal baseline nasal epithelial chloride transport . induced a nasal chloride transport response ( at least a -5 - mV improvement ) or hyperpolarization ( value more electrically negative than -5 mV ) in 50 % and 47 % of patients , respectively , with more hyperpolarizations at the higher dose . were seen in seven of nine nonsense mutation genotypes represented . significantly increased the proportion of nasal epithelial cells expressing apical full-length CFTR protein . events and laboratory abnormalities were infrequent and usually mild . pharmacokinetics were similar to those in adults . children with nonsense mutation CF , ataluren can induce functional CFTR production and is well tolerated ."
3991,Abstract #3991,"examine the effects of exercise on serum estrogens , growth hormone , insulin , cortisol , lactate , and glucose levels in postmenopausal women receiving two routes of administration of estrogen replacement therapy ( ERT ) . , randomized , crossover study . general clinical research center of an academic medical center . active , postmenopausal women . patients were screened with exercise stress testing , then oral micronized estradiol or transdermal estradiol was administered , followed by two 45-minute submaximal exercise tests . intake before the tests was standardized . study measured maximal heart rate and aerobic power ( VO2max ) , and serum levels of estradiol ( E2 ) , estrone ( E1 ) , cortisol , growth hormone ( GH ) , insulin , glucose , and lactate . hormone , cortisol , and insulin all changed significantly in response to the 45-minute exercise bouts , but no differences were observed between the oral micronized estradiol and transdermal estradiol responses . levels increased significantly during the transdermal estradiol 45-minute exercise bout ; this change did not occur during the oral estradiol exercise bout . the transdermal estradiol treatment group , the E2 levels at +30 and +45 minutes of exercise were elevated compared to the post-exercise levels at -15 , 0 , and 30 minutes . was not significantly changed during the 45-minute exercise bouts in either group . exercise , serum E2 levels rise significantly higher with transdermal but not oral routes of E2 administration . , the elevated levels are not prolonged and normalize by 30 minutes after exercise ."
3992,Abstract #3992,"sought to characterize growth between birth and age 3 years in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent the Norwood procedure . performed a secondary analysis using the Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial database after excluding patients < 37 weeks gestation ( N = 498 ) . determined length-for-age z score ( LAZ ) and weight-for-age z score ( WAZ ) at birth and age 3 years and change in WAZ over 4 clinically relevant time periods . identified correlates of change in WAZ and LAZ using multivariable linear regression with bootstrapping . WAZ and LAZ were below average relative to the general population at birth ( P < 0.001 , P = 0.05 , respectively ) and age 3 years ( P < 0.001 each ) . largest decrease in WAZ occurred between birth and Norwood discharge ; the greatest gain occurred between stage II and 14 months . age 3 years , WAZ and LAZ were < -2 in 6 % and 18 % , respectively . associated with change in WAZ differed among time periods . type was associated with change in WAZ only in the Norwood discharge to stage II period ; subjects with a Blalock-Taussig shunt had a greater decline in WAZ than those with a right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt ( P = 0.002 ) . changed over time and the predictors of change in WAZ varied among time periods . age 3 years , subjects remained small and three times as many children were short as were underweight ( > 2 SD below normal ) . to find consistent risk factors supports the strategy of tailoring nutritional therapies to patient - and stage-specific targets . . identifier : NCT00115934 ."
3993,Abstract #3993,"simulation has been shown to enhance the training of general surgery residents . catheter-based techniques have become an important part of the vascular surgeon 's armamentarium , we explored whether simulation might impact the acquisition of catheter skills by surgical residents . general surgery residents received didactic training in the techniques of catheter intervention . were then randomized with 10 receiving additional training with the Procedicus , computer-based , haptic simulator . 20 residents then participated in 2 consecutive mentored catheter-based interventions for lower extremity occlusive disease in an OR/angiography suite . performance was graded by attending surgeons blinded to the resident 's training status , using 18 procedural steps as well as a global rating scale . were no differences between the 2 resident groups with regard to demographics or scores on a visuospatial test administered at study outset . , residents exposed to simulation scored higher than controls during the first angio/OR intervention : procedural steps ( simulation/control ) ( 50 + / - 6 vs. 33 + / - 9 , P = 0.0015 ) ; global rating scale ( 30 + / - 7 vs. 19 + / - 5 , P = 0.0052 ) . advantage provided by simulator training persisted with the second intervention ( 53 + / - 6 vs. 36 + / - 7 , P = 0.0006 ) ; global rating scale ( 33 + / - 6 vs. 21 + / - 6 , P = 0.0015 ) . , simulation training , particularly for the second intervention , led to enhancement in almost all of the individual measures of performance . is a valid tool for instructing surgical residents and fellows in basic endovascular techniques and should be incorporated into surgical training programs . , simulators may also benefit the large number of vascular surgeons who seek retraining in catheter-based intervention ."
3994,Abstract #3994,"has remained unclear whether bronchial responsiveness as measured by a single-step cold-dry air challenge ( CACh ) correlates closely to the responsiveness that is assessed by a routine pharmacologic challenge . 2 consecutive days , we performed a CACh and a histamine challenge in 128 symptom - and medication-free pediatric and adolescent asthma patients . CACh consisted of 4 min of isocapnic hyperventilation of -10 degrees C , absolutely dry air ; responsiveness was expressed by the induced change in FEV1 ( delta FEV1 ) . histamine challenge consisted of sequential inhalations of incremental increases in concentrations of histamine ; responsiveness was expressed by the concentration which caused a 20 % fall of FEV1 ( PC20 ) . children did not bronchoconstrict sufficiently in the histamine challenge for measuring a PC20 and were excluded from analysis . the remaining 123 , delta FEV1 ( CACh ) ranged from +5 to -73 % , PC20 ( histamine ) from 0.05 to 7.2 mg/mL . was a statistically significant correlation between delta FEV1 and PC20 ( r = 0.54 , p < 0.001 ) , but also a considerable scatter of individual data points around the regression line . subjects were hyperresponsive by CACh and 114 by histamine criteria . is a relatively weak correlation between the results of these two challenges ; thus , one can not be substituted one for the other . appears as more sensitive in detecting airway hyperresponsiveness than CACh . poor correlation between the responses to these two challenges can be explained by differences between the challenge protocols , or , alternatively , by differences between applied stimuli and activated mechanisms ."
3995,Abstract #3995,"examine who reported using unsolicited prostate cancer screening decision aids distributed as part of a randomized controlled trial , whether reported use varied by type of aid ( video or pamphlet ) , and what affect reported use had on study outcomes . total of 1,152 men aged 50 and older from four medical facilities in the United States were randomly assigned to pamphlet , video or usual care ( control ) . were mailed 2 weeks prior to clinic appointments in general internal medicine . were assessed by phone survey 1 week after appointments . examined the reported use of materials by study group , the association between patient characteristics and reported use , and the impact of reported use ( adjusting for patient characteristics ) on a 10-item knowledge index . percent of those randomized to receive the video and 50 % of those randomized to receive the pamphlet reported using the materials . use of the video was higher for patients who had greater than a high school education ( OR 1.73 ) , were married ( OR 2.20 ) , and reported no prior abnormal prostate cancer screening test results ( OR 3.39 ) . use of the pamphlet did not vary by patient characteristics . intent-to-treat analyses ( ignoring reported use ) , individuals randomized to the video and pamphlet groups had significantly higher knowledge scores relative to the control group ( 7.44 , 7.26 and 6.90 respectively ) . for reported use modestly increased the estimated differences across treatment groups but did not substantially change conclusions about the relative effects of these aids on knowledge . half of men receiving unsolicited prostate cancer screening decision aids before a visit reported using the aids , and who reported using them varied by type of aid . to broadly implement decision aids may need to offer a variety of approaches , and incorporate creative strategies to enhance reaching all population subgroups ."
3996,Abstract #3996,"Japan , intravenous nifekalant ( NIF ) was often used for direct current cardioversion-resistant ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) , until the use of intravenous amiodarone ( AMD ) was approved in 2007 . defibrillatory efficacy of NIF and AMD has thus far not been compared for resuscitation . August 2007 and April 2009 , 403 consecutive out-of-hospital patients with cardiopulmonary arrest were transferred to the Emergency Medical Service of Tokai University . these , 30 patients with first defibrillation failure or VF recurrence were enrolled for this NIF/AMD study . final defibrillation success ( and hospital survival rate ) was 67 % ( 10/15 ) in the AMD and 47 % ( 7/15 ) in the NIF group . discharge survival rate was 53 % ( 8/15 ) in the AMD and 21 % ( 4/15 ) in the NIF group ( P = 0.06 ) . , all 4 survivors in the NIF group could take up normal daily life again , whereas this was restricted to only 2 patients from the 11 survivors in the AMD group . difference is probably partly attributable to longer time from AMD administration to defibrillation success compared with NIF . the cases of defibrillation failure , VF continued in 4/8 by NIF , however , asystole or pulseless electrical activity occurred in 4/5 patients by AMD . may be borderline superior over NIF to facilitate defibrillation in out-of-hospital patients with cardiopulmonary arrest . , from the view point of preservation of brain function , NIF is not inferior to AMD for CPR ."
3997,Abstract #3997,"6-week , double-blind , dose titration study was performed to evaluate efficacy and safety of the new antidepressant Org 3770 in comparison with amitriptyline and placebo . hundred fifty outpatients of both sexes , 18 years and older , with a DSM-III diagnosis of major depressive episode , were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of treatment with Org 3770 , amitriptyline , or placebo . baseline , mean 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ( HAM-D ) scores of all treatment groups were higher than 25 , thus indicating that a large proportion of severely depressed patients entered the study . overall mean daily doses were 22 mg/day for Org 3770 , 133 mg/day for amitriptyline , and 4.9 capsules/day for placebo . majority of times assessments were made , both active drugs produced significantly greater improvements than placebo on all efficacy variables ( 17-item HAM-D , Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale , Clinical Global Impressions , and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale ) . 6 weeks of treatment , significantly greater ( p < or = .05 ) proportions of patients in both active treatment groups ( 70 % in the Org 3770 - and 58 % in the amitriptyline-treatment groups ) than in the placebo-treatment group ( 33 % ) were HAM-D responders . 3770 was well tolerated in this study ; dry mouth and somnolence were the only adverse experiences that occurred significantly more frequently with Org 3770 - than with placebo-treated patients . contrast , treatment with amitriptyline was related to significantly higher rates of dry mouth , constipation , and dyspepsia as compared with both Org 3770 and placebo , and significantly higher rates of somnolence as compared with placebo . this study , Org 3770 was as effective as amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression , with advantages regarding improvements of depressed mood ( HAM-D Item 1 ) , responder rates , and safety ."
3998,Abstract #3998,"evaluate , both polysomnographically and by subjective scales , the efficacy and safety profile of pramipexole for restless legs syndrome ( RLS ) via a 3-week , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group , dose-ranging study . baseline and after 3 weeks , periodic limb movements ( PLM ) and sleep parameters were assessed by polysomnography , and patients self-assessed their sleep disturbance and overall RLS severity using the international RLS study group rating scale ( IRLS ) . pramipexole doses were evaluated : 0.125 , 0.25 , 0.50 , and 0.75 mg/d . from 107 patients were included in the intent-to-treat ( ITT ) analysis . pramipexole recipients , the primary outcome measure , PLM per hour in bed asleep or awake ( the PLM index , or PLMI ) , decreased by a median of -26.55 to -52.70 depending on dosage group , vs. -3.00 for placebo ( p < 0.01 or 0.001 for each group vs. placebo ; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test ) . in the secondary endpoints of PLM while asleep and while awake were also significantly superior for pramipexole . 3 weeks , all pramipexole doses reduced the median for PLM while asleep to levels considered normal ( < 5PLM/h ) . for delta-sleep time and awakenings/arousals , sleep parameters remained unchanged or favored pramipexole . sleep latency was reduced by -5.00 to -11.75 min in the pramipexole groups , vs. -2.00 for placebo ( p < 0.05 for all groups except 0.25 mg/d ) . total sleep time increased by 25.75-66 .75 min , vs. 25.50 ( p < 0.05 for 0.50 mg/d ) , and median time in stages 2-4 / rapid eye movement ( REM ) sleep increased by 37.00-68 .00 min , vs. 26.75 ( p < 0.05 for 0.50 mg/d ) . subjective IRLS ratings , all pramipexole doses were significantly superior to placebo . analysis demonstrated no dose-dependent increase in adverse events , and no drug-related increase in daytime somnolence was observed . is effective and well tolerated in RLS , most notably among objective measures , for reducing PLM and decreasing sleep latency . other sleep parameters showed lesser , usually insignificant change , patients ' subjective ratings of RLS severity and sleep disturbance were significantly improved ( p0 .0023 ) ."
3999,Abstract #3999,"investigate whether gum chewing affects perceived levels of everyday stress among persons who ( 1 ) regularly chew gum or ( 2 ) do not chew gum on a regular basis . Internet-based studies were conducted . 1 enrolled participants who chewed gum > or = 4 days per week , chewed > or = 11 pieces of gum per week , and chewed gum during the previous week ( frequent or heavy chewers , n = 280 ) . 2 enrolled participants who had chewed gum previously but did so infrequently and had not chewed during at least the 7 days before recruitment ( n = 212 ) . studies used a randomized , crossover design : each participant either chewed gum or abstained from chewing for a number of sequential days , then switched to the opposite behavior for the same number of days . levels were assessed by means of self-reported responses to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) at screening and after each test sequence . participants ( 54 % in study 1 [ p < or = 0.10 ] and 57 % in study 2 [ p < or = 0.05 ] ) reported that chewing gum reduced their stress level at least a little , compared with those who reported no effect on or an increase in stress . both studies , mean STAI state scores increased significantly after the abstaining period , indicating an increase in the perceived level of stress , and decreased significantly after the gum-chewing period . stress-specific emotions ( e.g. , not feeling relaxed , feeling tense ) were reported to have significantly increased when participants abstained from chewing gum and to have decreased when they chewed . severe levels of stress ( e.g. , being upset or frightened ) were not affected by chewing or abstaining from chewing gum . studies had several potential limitations , including self-reporting , a large initial recruitment , and the need for habit alteration . findings point to a relationship between decreased stress and gum chewing and suggest chewing gum may help reduce perceived levels of everyday stress ."
4000,Abstract #4000,"adherence explains poor blood pressure ( BP ) control ; however African Americans suffer worse hypertension-related outcomes . randomized controlled trial evaluated whether a patient education intervention enhanced with positive-affect induction and self-affirmation ( PA ) was more effective than patient education ( PE ) alone in improving medication adherence and BP reduction among 256 hypertensive African Americans followed up in 2 primary care practices . in both groups received a culturally tailored hypertension self-management workbook , a behavioral contract , and bimonthly telephone calls designed to help them overcome barriers to medication adherence . , patients in the PA group received small gifts and bimonthly telephone calls to help them incorporate positive thoughts into their daily routine and foster self-affirmation . main outcome measures were medication adherence ( assessed with electronic pill monitors ) and within-patient change in BP from baseline to 12 months . baseline characteristics were similar in both groups : the mean BP was 137/82 mm Hg ; 36 % of the patients had diabetes ; 11 % had stroke ; and 3 % had chronic kidney disease . on the intention-to-treat principle , medication adherence at 12 months was higher in the PA group than in the PE group ( 42 % vs 36 % , respectively ; P = .049 ) . within-group reduction in systolic BP ( 2.14 mm Hg vs 2.18 mm Hg ; P = .98 ) and diastolic BP ( -1.59 mm Hg vs -0.78 mm Hg ; P = .45 ) for the PA group and PE group , respectively , was not significant . PE intervention enhanced with PA led to significantly higher medication adherence compared with PE alone in hypertensive African Americans . studies should assess the cost-effectiveness of integrating such interventions into primary care . Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier : NCT00227175 ."
4001,Abstract #4001,"ascertain whether uterine shrinkage induced by a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist before hysterectomy for fibroids increases the possibility of a vaginal procedure . multicentre , prospective , randomised , controlled study . hundred and twenty-seven premenopausal women with a uterine volume of 12 to 16 gestational weeks . weeks of triptorelin depot treatment before hysterectomy or immediate surgery . of vaginal and abdominal hysterectomies , operating time , blood loss , degree of difficulty of the procedure , perioperative serum haemoglobin and haematocrit levels , hospital stay , and patients ' overall satisfaction with treatment . randomisation , four women withdrew from the study , leaving 60 women in the triptorelin arm and 63 in the immediate surgery arm . baseline evaluation a vaginal hysterectomy was indicated in seven women allocated to pre-operative medical therapy ( 12 % ) , and in 10 of those allocated to immediate surgery ( 16 % ) . assessment after the 12-week GnRH agonist course showed that abdominal hysterectomy was no longer indicated in 25/53 women ( 47 % ) as a vaginal procedure appeared appropriate . the overall rate of indication for a vaginal procedure in the pre-operative medical treatment arm was 32/60 cases ( 53 % ) , with a between-group difference of 37 % ( 95 % CI , 26 % to 51 % ; chi2 ( 1 ) = 19.18 , P < 0.0001 ; OR 6.06 ; 95 % CI , 2.60 to 14.10 ) . - and post-operative serum haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were significantly higher in the GnRH agonist than in the immediate surgery arm . appreciable difference was observed between the groups in the other intra - and post-operative variables , including patients ' satisfaction . GnRH agonist therapy increased the rate of vaginal hysterectomy in selected women with fibroids and uterine volume of 12 to 16 gestational weeks ."
4002,Abstract #4002,"evaluate whether ramosetron increases the corrected QT ( QTc ) interval . , randomized , controlled study . room . patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy . were allocated to three groups to receive ondansetron 4 mg ( Group O4 ) , ramosetron 0.3 mg ( Group R ) , or ondansetron 8 mg ( Group O8 ) . study drugs were administered intravenously approximately 15 minutes before the end of surgery . QT interval for 10 minutes after administration was recorded . QTc interval was calculated according to the Fridericia ( QTcF ) formula . primary outcome was the QTcF interval among the three groups during the 10 minutes after administration of the study drugs . QTcF interval was not significantly prolonged after administration of ondansetron 4 mg and ramosetron . was significantly increased from one minute after administration until 7 minutes after ondansetron 8 mg ( Group O8 ) . QTcF interval was significantly longer in Group O8 at 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 minutes . prophylactic administration 0.3 mg of ramosetron does not increase the QTc interval . 8 mg increases the QTc interval more so than 4 mg of ondansetron ."
4003,Abstract #4003,"right ventricular ( RV ) pacing site in patients referred for permanent cardiac pacing remains controversial . prospective randomized trial was done to compare long-term effect of permanent RV apex ( RVA ) vs RV outflow tract ( RVOT ) pacing on the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality . total of 122 consecutive patients ( 70 men , 69 + / -11 years ) , with standard pacing indications were randomized to RVA ( 66 patients ) or RVOT ( 56 patients ) ventricular lead placement . the 10-year follow-up period the mortality data were summarized on the basis of an intention-to-treat analysis . the long-term follow-up , 31 patients from the RVA group died vs 24 patients in the RVOT group ( hazard ratio ( HR ) , 0.96 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 0.57-1 .65 ; P = 0.89 ) . were 10 cardiovascular deaths in the RVA and 12 in the RVOT group ( HR , 1.04 ; 95 % CI , 0.45-2 .41 ; P = 0.93 ) . were no differences in the all-cause or cardiovascular mortality between the pacing sites after adjustment for age , gender , arterial hypertension , atrial fibrillation , New York Heart Association class and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter . RVOT provides no additional benefit in terms of long-term survival over RVA pacing ."
4004,Abstract #4004,"study examined the long-term efficacy of combination therapy using antiarrhythmic agents and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACE-I ) to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation ( Paf ) . were 246 patients ( 176 men , 70 women , mean age 67.3 + / - 11.7 years , mean follow-up period 48.9 + / - 29.3 months ) divided into two groups : the ACE-I ( + ) group ( n = 74 ) and the ACE-I ( - ) group ( n = 172 ) . incidence of hypertension and underlying heart disease in the ACE-I ( + ) group ( 85.1 % and 34.3 % , respectively ) was significantly higher than those in the ACE-I ( - ) group ( 37.8 % and 25.0 % , respectively ) ( both p < 0.01 ) . ventricular ejection fraction in the ACE-I ( + ) group ( 65.6 + / - 12.5 % ) was significantly lower than that in the ACE-I ( - ) group ( 71.9 + / - 8.9 % ) ( p < 0.01 ) . actuarial rate of the maintenance of sinus rhythm at 48 months in the ACE-I ( + ) group ( 86.5 % ) was similar to that in the ACE-I ( - ) group ( 83.1 % ) . the 104 patients who had suffered from Paf for < 3 months after the first episode , the actuarial rate of maintenance of sinus rhythm at 48 months in the ACE-I ( + ) group ( 97.1 % , n = 35 ) was significantly higher than that in the ACE-I ( - ) group ( 82.6 % , n = 65 ) , and the period of maintenance of sinus rhythm in the ACE-I ( + ) group ( 54.8 + / - 30.8 months ) was significantly longer than that in the ACE-I ( - ) group ( 28.4 + / - 20.5 months ) ( both p < 0.05 ) . must be additionally administered within 3 months of the first Paf episode to maintain normal sinus rhythm in patients with Paf ."
4005,Abstract #4005,"World Health Organization ( WHO ) recommends that all countries adopt Haemophilus influenzae type b ( Hib ) vaccine into routine child immunization programs to protect children from the significant burden of life-threatening pneumonia and meningitis . this blind , comparative , randomized , phase-III Korean multicenter study , we assessed immunogenicity and safety following primary vaccination of a new H. influenzae type b tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine , LBVH0101 ( LG Life Sciences , Ltd. , Seoul , Korea ) compared with Hiberix ( GSK , Rixensart , Belgium ) in Korean children at 2 , 4 and 6 months of age followed by a booster vaccination at 12-15 months . anti-PRP IgG concentration and bactericidal activity were determined . symptoms were assessed after vaccination . adverse events were recorded throughout the study . total of 185 infants were included in immunogenicity evaluations . the second and third doses of LBVH0101 , 90.32 % and 100 % of infants achieved an antibody level 1 g/mL , respectively , compared with 78.26 % and 96.74 % of those who received Hiberix . the second vaccination , the geometric mean concentration ( GMC ) of LBVH0101 recipients was 7.34 g/mL and was higher than that of Hiberix recipients ( 3.55 g/mL ) . the third vaccination , the GMCs were 14.59 g/mL and 12.15 g/mL in the LBVH0101 and Hiberix recipients , respectively . booster dose produced higher antibody concentrations : 30.25 g/mL and 71.64 g/mL for LBVH0101 and Hiberix recipients , respectively . capacity and antibody potency of anti-PRP IgG induced by LBVH0101 was 35.05 and 116.27 after the second and third vaccinations , respectively , compared with 53.76 and 79.64 for Hiberix . IgG seroprotection rate and GMC were similar post-primary immunization between the groups ; both showed functional maturation and similar booster responses . had comparable safety results as the control vaccine , Hiberix , as most of the solicited adverse events and unsolicited adverse events upon LBVH0101 administration were mild in severity . serious vaccination-related adverse reactions were observed . showed a good immunogenicity and safety profile in infants and children . two-dose infant-priming schedule with a booster dose may suffice for Hib immunization in Korean infants ( Clinical trial registration numbers : NCT01019772 and NCT01251133 ) ."
4006,Abstract #4006,", a plant alkaloid isolated from many medicinal plants , has shown antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens . purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of berberine solution against selected endodontic pathogens using a multispecies biofilm tooth model . bacterial species used in the multispecies biofilm tooth model were Fusobacterium nucleatum , Enterococcus faecalis , and Prevotella intermedia . human anterior teeth were collected and standardized to a length of 14.0 mm . were cultured in Schaedler broth with the 3 test bacteria strains for 21 days and then randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups ( ie , sterile saline , 5.25 % NaOCl , 2 % chlorhexidine [ CHX ] , 1 % CHX , 2 mg/mL berberine , and 1 mg/mL berberine plus 1 % CHX ) . teeth were instrumented to size 35 / .06 and irrigated with 6 mL irrigant for 2 minutes . bacteria were sampled before and after instrumentation . were analyzed using analysis of variance ( P < .05 ) followed by the Scheff test . minimal inhibitory concentration of berberine against F. nucleatum , P. intermedia , and E. faecalis was 31.25 g/mL , 3.8 g/mL , and 500 g/mL , respectively . and irrigation resulted in 99 % bacterial reduction in all groups . tested solutions resulted in a statistically significant reduction in bacteria when compared with the saline control . used alone , berberine ( 2 mg/mL ) was less effective than the other test irrigants . , when combined with 1 % CHX , berberine ( 2 mg/mL ) was comparable in bactericidal activity with 5.25 % NaOCl , 2 % CHX , and 1 % CHX ( Table2 ) . was more effective than saline as an endodontic irrigant against selected endodontic pathogens invitro and , when combined with CHX , was comparable with NaOCl in its bactericidal efficacy ."
4007,Abstract #4007,"efficacy of three different analgesic techniques during transrectal ultrasound ( TRUS ) guided prostate biopsy , including ( i ) periprostatic blockage ( PPB ) , ( ii ) intrarectal gel instillation , and ( iii ) sedoanalgesia were compared . a period of five months , 100 consecutive men were enrolled in this study . 10-point linear visual analogue scale ( VAS ) was used to assess the pain scores during ( VAS 1 ) , immediately after ( VAS 2 ) and one hour after ( VAS 3 ) the needle biopsy procedure . relationship between the level of pain , prostate volume , age and PSA was determined . were no statistically significant differences between the four groups in terms of mean age and PSA values . pain scores were significantly lower in sedoanalgesia and PPB groups ( p = 0.0001 ) . was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of complications . this study , it was shown that patient comfort is better and it is possible to get decreased pain scores with PPB or sedoanalgesia . , PPB is a preferable method in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy since it is much more practical in outpatient clinics ."
4008,Abstract #4008,"examine adherence to , satisfaction with , and preliminary efficacy of mobile phone short message service ( SMS ) to promote health behaviors in school-aged children . total of 49 children ( aged 8-10 years ) were randomized by school classes into a monitoring vs no-monitoring group . children participated in 2 educational group sessions that focused on health behaviors : the advantages of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity , and decreasing screen time . monitoring group also reported daily behavior using SMS and received supportive feedback for 8 weeks . submitted 61 % of the required SMS , which indicated good adherence to the intervention . number of children ( 95 % ) reported being satisfied with the program . of covariance indicated increase in fruit and vegetable consumption ( [ 2 ] = 7.27 ; P < .05 ) and a decrease in screen time ( [ 2 ] = 6.79 ; P < .05 ) . current SMS intervention was a useful tool to monitor and promote health behaviors in children ."
4009,Abstract #4009,"phase I , randomized , multicenter , open-label study investigated the pharmacokinetics , safety , and efficacy of the oral mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors . total of 24 patients with advanced breast cancer ( n = 6 ) , gastric cancer ( n = 6 ) , non-small cell lung cancer ( n = 6 ) , or renal cell carcinoma ( n = 6 ) who were refractory to/unsuitable for standard therapy were randomized 1:1 to oral everolimus 5 or 10 mg/day . end points were pharmacokinetic parameters and safety and tolerability . 24-h profiles were measured on day 15 ; trough level was measured on days 2 , 8 , 15 , 16 , and 22 . was assessed continuously . final analysis was performed after all patients had received 6 months of study drug or had discontinued . was absorbed rapidly ; median Tmax was 3 h ( range , 1-4 ) and 2 h ( range , 0.9-6 ) in the 5 and 10 mg/day groups , respectively . parameters increased dose proportionally from the 5 and 10 mg/day doses . levels were achieved by day 8 or earlier . most common adverse events suspected to be related to everolimus therapy were increased blood glucose ( 16.7 % and 41.7 % ) and fatigue ( 16.7 % and 33.3 % ) in the everolimus 5 and 10 mg/day dose cohorts , respectively . tumor response was stable disease in 10 ( 83 % ) and 6 ( 50 % ) patients in the 5 and 10 mg/day groups , respectively . 5 or 10 mg/day was well tolerated in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors . observed safety and pharmacokinetic profile of everolimus from this study were consistent with previous studies . Health Authorities 2008L09346 ."
4010,Abstract #4010,"aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endodontic and restorative treatment on the fracture resistance of posterior teeth . intact premolars were selected and randomly placed into five groups ( n = 10 ) : G1 , intact teeth ( control ) ; G2 , mesial-occlusal-distal ( MOD ) preparation ; G3 , MOD preparation restored with composite resin ( Z-250 , 3M ESPE ) ; G4 , MOD preparation and endodontic treatment ; and G5 , MOD preparation , endodontic treatment , and composite resin restoration . specimens were submitted to an axial compression load in a mechanical test machine ( EMIC ) , at a speed of 0.5 mm/min . patterns were analyzed at four levels . 2D numerical models were created by Ansys 10.0 for finite element analysis ( FEA ) . values of compressive strength for all groups were ( Kgf ) : G1 ( 83.6 + / - 25.4 ) ; G2 ( 52.7 + / - 20.2 ) ; G3 ( 82.1 + / - 24.9 ) ; G4 ( 40.2 + / - 14.2 ) ; G5 ( 64.5 + / - 18.1 ) . analysis ( ANOVA and Tukey 's test ) showed that fracture resistance of G1 was significantly higher than that of G5 , G2 , and G4 . of G3 was also higher than that of G2 and G4 . showed that the tooth resistance is completely maintained when MOD preparation is restored with composite resin and partially recovered when MOD preparation associated with an endodontic access is restored in the same way . endodontic treatment and composite resin restoration influenced stress distribution in the dental structure . resin restoration plays an important role in recovering tooth strength . regard to fracture mode , restoration and endodontic treatment increased the incidence of periodontal involvement , which was demonstrated by association with the finite element mechanical test method ."
4011,Abstract #4011,"development of antihypertensives requires efficient and accurate tools for identifying pedal edema . used to gauge the potential of an agent to induce pedal edema in short-term ( < 4-week ) clinical trials have not been reported in the literature . purpose of this study was to identify a robust and practical method for measuring drug-induced pedal edema for use in the clinical development of antihypertensives . efficacy of segmental bioimpedance in the detection of increased pedal edema was compared with that of clinical pitting assessment , ankle circumference , and water displacement volumetry . study population consisted of male and female healthy subjects and patients with stage 1 or 2 hypertension who were otherwise healthy . were randomly assigned to receive amlodipine 10 mg or placebo once daily in this 6-week , double-blind , parallel-group study . was used as a means of inducing ankle edema , and not for the treatment of hypertension . with hypertension were required to undergo a washout of antihypertensive therapies . was evaluated using segmental bioimpedance at 10 kHz , clinical pitting assessment , ankle circumference , and water displacement at weeks 2 , 4 , and 6 . ANOVA model used included treatment and baseline values as covariates , with treatment pairs compared via t tests derived from the model . total of 47 individuals were randomized ( 49 % male ; 29 [ 62 % ] with hypertension ; mean [ SD ] age , 59 [ 5.9 ] years ; baseline body mass index , 28.6 kg/m ( 2 ) [ 2.8 ] ; blood pressure 146.6 [ 10.7 ] / 93.5 [ 6.5 ] and 139.3 [ 8.3 ] / 89.5 [ 4.5 ] in individuals with and without hypertension , respectively ; amlodipine 10 mg , n = 24 ; placebo , n = 23 ) . weeks 2 , 4 , and 6 , statistically significant treatment differences in changes from baseline were detected using water displacement ( mean [ 90 % CI ] treatment differences , +39.0 g [ +17.9 to +60.1 ] , +61.9 g [ +36.1 to +87.6 ] , and +72.2 g [ +42.3 to +102.1 ] , respectively ; all , P 0.001 ) , ankle circumference ( +4.74 mm [ +2.38 to +7.11 ; P < 0.001 ] , +2.92 mm [ +0.33 to +5.49 ; P = 0.032 ] , and +5.16 mm [ +2.21 to +8.11 ; P = 0.002 ] ) , and bioimpedance ( -11.7 [ -18.1 to -5.4 ] , -18.3 [ -26.2 to -10.4 ] , and -20.9 [ -29.7 to -12.0 ] ; all , P0 .001 ) , but no significant differences were detected using clinical assessment of pitting . this population of healthy subjects and patients with hypertension , segmental bioimpedance was comparable to water displacement and ankle circumference and outperformed clinical assessment of pitting for the detection of ankle edema , supporting the use of segmental bioimpedance as a drug-development tool to objectively quantify amlodipine-induced pedal edema ."
4012,Abstract #4012,"present study was conducted to compare pharmacokinetic behaviors of nicardipine enantiomers given in different doses with different formulations of racemic nicardipine in healthy volunteers . or two 20-mg racemic nicardipine tablets , and a 40-mg sustained-release capsule of nicardipine were administered to eight healthy volunteers in a crossover fashion and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated . concentrations were determined by GC-MS combined with chiral stationary phase HPLC . concentration of ( + ) - nicardipine was approximately 2-3 times higher than that of ( - ) - nicardipine in 20 - and 40-mg doses of conventional formulations and a non-linear increase in bioavailability with dose was demonstrated . value for AUC of ( + ) - nicardipine was approximately 2.3-2 .8 times greater than that of the ( - ) - nicardipine ( P < 0.05 ) when 20 and 40 mg racemic nicardipine were administered in a conventional preparation . bioavailability of the sustained-release preparation vs the conventional preparation was 28 % and 44 % for ( + ) - and ( - ) - nicardipine , respectively , for the 40-mg dose ."
4013,Abstract #4013,"syndrome ( PWS ) is a multisymptomatic disease that shares many similarities with the GH deficiency syndrome , including altered body composition with more body fat than lean body mass . objective was to investigate the effect of GH on body composition in adults with PWS . adults with PWS were randomized to GH or placebo treatment for 12 months in a double-blind trial . evaluated change in regional body composition of the abdomen and thigh as measured by computed tomography and change in total body composition as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry . patients completed the study . median IGF-I sd score was -0.4 . treatment increased IGF-I by 125 g/liter ( 1.51 sd score ) , and based upon computed tomography , body composition improved with a decrease in visceral fat mass of 22.9 ml ( P = 0.004 ) , abdominal sc fat mass 70.9 ml ( P = 0.003 ) , and thigh fat mass 21.3 ml ( P = 0.013 ) , whereas thigh muscle mass increased 6.0 ml ( P = 0.005 ) . dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , lean body mass improved 2.25 kg ( P = 0.005 ) , and total fat mass decreased 4.20 kg ( P < 0.001 ) . major side effects were seen . to the GH-IGF-I levels at baseline , our results showed that long-term treatment with GH effectively improved body composition and represents a safe , potential treatment option , relieving some of the negative consequences of PWS ."
4014,Abstract #4014,"medications are associated with reduced perceived effectiveness , increased perceived adverse effects , and increased rates of nonadherence compared with brand-name medications . study examined the effect of an apparent medication formulation change on subjective and objective measures of medication effectiveness and medication side effects . university students participated in a study purportedly testing the effectiveness of fast-acting - blocker medications in reducing preexamination anxiety . tablets were placebos . session 1 , all participants received a yellow tablet ( `` Betaprol '' ) . session 2 , participants were randomly allocated to receive Betaprol ( no change condition ) or a white tablet labeled either as `` Novaprol '' ( branded change condition ) or `` Generic '' ( generic change condition ) . pressure and state anxiety were measured before and after tablet ingestion . effects attributed to medication were assessed . no change group showed significantly greater decreases in systolic blood pressure ( mean [ M ] [ standard deviation ] = -7.72 mm Hg , standard error [ SE ] = 1.45 ) than the branded change ( M = -2.75 mm Hg , SE = 1.44 , p = .02 ) and generic change ( M = -3.26 mm Hg , SE = 1.45 , p = .03 ) groups . no-change group showed significantly greater decreases in state anxiety ( M = -1.53 , SE = 0.33 ) than the branded change ( M = -0.50 , SE = 0.33 , p = .03 ) and generic change ( M = -0.52 , SE = 0.33 , p = .04 ) groups . more side effects were attributed to the medication in the generic change ( M = 1.83 , SE = 0.23 ) ( but not the branded change ) condition when compared with the no change condition ( M = 0.87 , SE = 0.31 , p = .03 ) . formulation change , particularly to generic medication , seems to be associated with reduced subjective and objective measures of medication effectiveness and increased side effects ."
4015,Abstract #4015,"study the electrophysiologic and clinical effects of epidural morphine combined with either bupivacaine 0.125 % or ropivacaine 0.2 % . , randomized , double-blind study . care unit and hospital ward of a university hospital . adult ASA physical status I and II patients with degenerative or idiopathic scoliosis , undergoing posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation . received epidural administration of 10-mL bolus of either bupivacaine or ropivacaine followed by a 6-mL/h infusion for 48 hours of unlabeled local anesthetic . all patients , epidural morphine 5 mg was added daily . was focused mainly on somatosensory cortical evoked potentials , soleus H-reflex , and F waves . electrophysiologic data were recorded before and after epidural medications . , respiratory rate , Paco ( 2 ) , visual analog score ( VAS ) , and side effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) , gastrointestinal ( GI ) transit delay , and urinary retention were noted . 0.125 % + morphine was given to 9 patients , and ropivacaine 0.2 % + morphine was given to 9 other patients . , F waves , and somatosensory cortical evoked potential recording remained unchanged across the time of assessment . rate and Paco ( 2 ) values were normal . were indifferently low at rest , but they were lower with bupivacaine than with ropivacaine on mobilization . frequency of PONV was indifferently high . altered GI transit or urinary retention was noted . epidural administration during the study conditions , bupivacaine 0.125 % and ropivacaine 0.2 % combined with morphine allow for neurologic examination ."
4016,Abstract #4016,"evaluate the effect of vestibular rehabilitation exercises in the early stages of peripheral vestibular disorders . , randomized trial . were blinded to assignment groups . study group ( 45 patients ) performed exercises for adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex ; the control group ( 42 patients ) performed placebo exercises . groups were instructed to use dimenhydrinate ( up to 150 mg/d ) if symptomatic , irrespective of exercises . were evaluated by visual analogue scale , physical examination , and need to use the medication . patients were adults and symptomatic for less than 5 days . study and control groups were comparable in terms of demographics data and duration and intensity of symptoms . group patients recovered faster than controls and used less medication . 10 to 14 days after the intervention , 43 % of study group and 5 % of control group patients had no significant symptoms ( P < .001 ) , and 67 % of study group and 3 % of control group patients needed no medication ( P < .001 ) . both groups had no significant symptoms by the end of the follow-up period ( 21 days ) , 14 % of the study group patients were still using medication , compared with 83 % of the placebo group patients ( P < .001 ) . exercises are effective in reducing the duration of symptoms and the need of medication of patients in the early stages of peripheral vestibular disorders ."
4017,Abstract #4017,"purpose of this study was to analyze the radiotherapy ( RT ) quality assurance ( QA ) assessment in Japan Clinical Oncology Group ( JCOG ) 0202 , which was the first trial that required on-going RT QA review in the JCOG . 0202 was a multi-center phase III trial comparing two types of consolidation chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for limited-disease small cell lung cancer . requirements included a total dose of 45 Gy/30 fx ( bis in die , BID/twice a day ) without heterogeneity correction ; elective nodal irradiation ( ENI ) of 30 Gy ; at least 1 cm margin around the clinical target volume ( CTV ) ; and interfraction interval of 6 hours or longer . constraints were defined in regards to the spinal cord and the lung . QA assessment was classed as per protocol ( PP ) , deviation acceptable ( DA ) , violation unacceptable ( VU ) , and incomplete/not evaluable ( I/NE ) . total of 283 cases were accrued , of which 204 were fully evaluable , excluding 79 I/NE cases . were 18 VU in gross tumor volume ( GTV ) coverage ( 8 % of 238 evaluated ) ; 4 VU and 23 DA in elective nodal irradiation ( ENI ) ( 2 % and 9 % of 243 evaluated , respectively ) . VU were observed in organs at risk ( 1 VU in the lung and 5 VU in the spinal cord ) . RT compliance ( PP + DA ) was 92 % ( 187 of 204 fully evaluable ) . between the former and latter halves of the accrued cases revealed that the number of VU and DA had decreased . results of the RT QA assessment in JCOG 0202 seemed to be acceptable , providing reliable results ."
4018,Abstract #4018,"primary objective of this study was to compare the safety , contraceptive efficacy , and menstrual cycle patterns in women using triphasic oral contraceptive pills , namely CTR-05 , containing 50/100/150 micrograms desogestrel and 35/30/30 micrograms ethinylestradiol , and Orthonovum777 containing 500/750/1000 micrograms norethindrone and 35/35/35 micrograms ethinylestradiol . female volunteers , satisfying the selection criteria , were evaluated for six cycles , in an open-label , randomized study . using CTR-05 were studied for 13 additional cycles for efficacy and safety . serious adverse effects were observed in either group . incidences of other drug-related adverse effects , such as headache and nausea , were transient in both groups . did not lower levels of high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol . may be attributed to the lower androgenicity of its progestin component , desogestrel . pregnancies were reported in either group . and laboratory parameters remained within normal limits in both groups . the CTR-05 group , the lower dose of ethinylestradiol did not affect the safety , efficacy and acceptability of the product . , with little estrogenic activity and only minimal androgenic activity , leads to lipoprotein changes , resulting in a favorable cardiovascular profile , as well as minimal androgen-related effects , such as hirsutism and acne ."
4019,Abstract #4019,"neglect and abuse are recognized as risk factors for depression , but are not often studied as predictors of treatment response in depression . depressed outpatients ( n = 195 ) were asked about childhood experiences before beginning a randomized antidepressant trial with either fluoxetine or nortriptyline . treatment outcomes were measured : Adequate trial , six-week response and two months sustained recovery . reporting low paternal care ( paternal neglect ) , as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument ( PBI ) , were less likely to complete an adequate six-week trial of medication . who reported high maternal protection ( maternal overprotection ) on the PBI had poorer treatment response in the short-term at six weeks , and longer term , for two months of sustained recovery . , abuse , whether sexual , physical , or psychological in nature , did not predict treatment response . experience of having a neglectful father or an overprotective mother was more predictive of response to treatment for depression than abuse , suggesting that the quality of ongoing intra-familial relationships has a greater impact on treatment outcomes for depression than experiences of discrete abuse in childhood ."
4020,Abstract #4020,"analyze the impact of soy protein dietary supplements containing phytoestrogens on menopausal symptoms in healthy postmenopausal women . double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 94 healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-75 years , with 44 randomized to soy supplements containing 118 mg of isoflavones ( daidzein , genistein , glycitein and their respective glycosides ) , and 50 to an identically presented casein placebo . validated questionnaire on menopausal symptoms was administered at baseline and at 3 months of treatment . was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography assay of urinary phytoestrogens . analysis was completed using non-parametric statistical methods and multivariate analysis . baseline 80 % of women recruited were experiencing menopausal symptoms , although symptom severity was mild . consuming phytoestrogen supplements had 13 - and 17-fold increases in urinary excretion of genistein and daidzein , respectively , with no change in the placebo group . soy supplements did not significantly alter either individual symptoms or specific symptom category scores when compared to placebo . comparisons revealed that the active group reported a significant improvement in vaginal dryness ( p = 0.01 ) , libido ( p = 0.009 ) , facial hair ( p = 0.04 ) and dry skin ( p = 0.027 ) . , similarly , those on placebo reported an improvement in libido ( p = 0.015 ) , facial hair ( p = 0.014 ) and dry skin ( p = 0.011 ) but not vaginal dryness . this group of 94 older postmenopausal women with a high frequency of mild menopausal symptoms , 3 months of soy supplements containing phytoestrogens did not provide symptomatic relief compared with placebo ."
4021,Abstract #4021,"determine the effect on blood pressure of dietary advice to consume a combination of plant-based cholesterol-lowering foods ( dietary portfolio ) . 1 year , 66 hyperlipidemic subjects were prescribed diets high in plant sterols ( 1.0 g/1000 kcal ) , soy protein ( 22.5 g/1000 kcal ) , viscous fibers ( 10 g/1000 kcal ) and almonds ( 22.5 g/1000 kcal ) . was no control group . diet record , blood pressure and body weight were monitored initially monthly and later at 2-monthly intervals throughout the study . subjects completed the 1-year study . the last observation was carried forward for non-completers ( n = 9 ) or those who changed their blood pressure medications ( n = 7 ) , a small mean reduction was seen in body weight 0.7 + / -0.3 kg ( P = 0.036 ) . corresponding reductions from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 1 year ( n = 66 subjects ) were -4.2 + / -1.3 mm Hg ( P = 0.002 ) and -2.3 + / -0.7 mm Hg ( P = 0.001 ) , respectively . pressure reductions occurred within the first 2 weeks , with stable blood pressures 6 weeks before and 4 weeks after starting the diet . blood pressure reduction was significantly related to weight change ( r = 0.30 , n = 50 , P = 0.036 ) . compliance with almond intake advice related to blood pressure reduction ( systolic : r = -0.34 , n = 50 , P = 0.017 ; diastolic : r = -0.29 , n = 50 , P = 0.041 ) . dietary portfolio of plant-based cholesterol-lowering foods reduced blood pressure significantly , related to almond intake . dietary portfolio approach of combining a range of cholesterol-lowering plant foods may benefit cardiovascular disease risk both by reducing serum lipids and also blood pressure ."
4022,Abstract #4022,"purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of six-week aerobic training program including running and rope skipping on cardiovascular fitness , body mass index ( BMI ) , and mental health among female students at the University of Isfahan , Iran . this interventional study we included 30 female students in academic year 2011-12 . participants were randomly assigned in experimental group ( n = 15 , meanSD for age = 26.061.18 , weight ( kg ) = 57.435.67 , height ( cm ) = 160.064.16 ) and control group ( n = 15 , meanSD for age = 26.331.30 , weight = 57.665.08 , height = 161.863.29 ) . and post-test measurements include VO2 max with Queen Step test ; BMI and General Health Questionnaire-28 as a measure of mental health were done . of covariance ( ANCOVA ) was used to test the effects of aerobic training as intervention ( P < 0.05 ) . was statistically significance difference between experimental and control groups after adjustment for their own baseline values concerning cardiovascular fitness ( P = 0.004 ) , BMI ( P < 0.001 ) and mental health indices ( P < 0.001 ) . six-week aerobic practice improves cardiovascular strength , mental health and BMI considerably and could be more encouraged at universities ."
4023,Abstract #4023,"aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of once-daily insulin detemir ( IDet ) and sitagliptin ( SITA ) versus SITA sulphonylurea ( SU ) , both in combination with metformin ( MET ) in insulin-naive subjects . a 26-week , open-label , randomized , parallel-group study in type 2 diabetes , insulin-naive subjects concomitantly treated with MET second oral antidiabetic drug ( OAD ) were randomized 1 : 1 to IDet + SITA + MET or SITA + MET SU . continued with MET treatment , and those treated with SU continued if randomized to SITA + MET SU . endpoints included glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , 9-point self-measured plasma glucose ( SMPG ) , weight , body mass index ( BMI ) . endpoints included adverse events ( AEs ) and hypoglycaemia . higher reductions in HbA1c , FPG and SMPG were achieved with IDet + SITA + MET compared with SITA + MET SU . HbA1c decreased by 1.44 % in the IDet + SITA + MET group versus 0.89 % in SITA + MET SU , p < 0.001 . decreased by 3.7 mmol/l ( 66.3 mg/dl ) versus 1.2 mmol/l ( 22.2 mg/dl ) , p < 0.001 , respectively . decreases in weight and BMI were observed in both arms , with no significant differences . were mild or moderate and were more common in the SITA + MET SU arm than in the IDet + SITA + MET arm . was no major hypoglycaemia . rates of hypoglycaemia were very low ( 1.3 / 1.7 episodes/patient year ) in both arms . subgroup treated with MET and SUs prior to the trial achieved similar results . combination of once-daily IDet with SITA showed a clinically and significantly better improvement in glycaemic control than SITA in combination with or without SUs . regimens were associated with a low rate of hypoglycaemia and slight weight reduction ."
4024,Abstract #4024,"video review has been used in teaching , it has not been reported for use as an adjunct to teaching anesthesiology residents . purpose of the prospective , randomized , blinded study was to determine whether teaching with video review improves epidural anesthesia skills of anesthesiology residents . second-year ( CA-2 ) anesthesiology residents beginning their first obstetric anesthesia rotation were assigned to video or non-video groups . residents were filmed daily as they placed epidural analgesia . assigned to the video group reviewed their tapes twice a week with an attending anesthesiologist , whereas residents assigned to the non-video group never saw their films . experienced attending anesthesiologists independently judged videotapes taken on days 1 , 15 , and 30 and scored the residents for `` overall '' skill ( range of summed overall grades , 0-40 ) , as well as on 13 predetermined criteria . determined by kappa coefficients , interrater reliability was high among the judges ( k = 0.7-0 .8 ) . in the video group improved to a greater degree than residents in the non-video group . day 1 , the median overall grades for the video and non-video groups were 21 and 12 , respectively . day 15 , the corresponding grades had increased to 32 and 24 , respectively ( P < 0.01 ) . , overall median grades continued to improve between days 15 and 30 in the video group only ( P < 0.01 ) . of resident videotapes resulted in greater improvement in overall and predetermined performance criteria . addition , video review was helpful in identifying skills that were inadequately learned , thus allowing for specific teaching in those areas ."
4025,Abstract #4025,"disease is the leading cause of death for women in the United States , accounting for 24.5 % of all deaths among women . research has demonstrated racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of cardiovascular ( CVD ) risk factors . empirically examine the prevalence of CVD risk factors among a national sample of women Veterans by race/ethnicity , providing the first portrait of women Veterans ' cardiovascular care needs . , national population-based telephone survey of 3,611 women Veterans . Veterans were queried about presence of diabetes , hypertension , obesity , tobacco use and physical activity . racial/ethnic categories were created : Hispanic , Non-Hispanic White ( White ) , Non-Hispanic Black ( Black ) , and Other . regressions were conducted for each risk factor to test for racial/ethnic differences , controlling for age ( under 40 vs. 40 and over ) . differences in CVD risk factors persisted after adjusting for age . women Veterans were more likely to report a diagnosis of diabetes ( OR : 2.58 , 95 % CI : 1.07 , 6.21 ) or hypertension ( OR : 2.31 , 95 % CI : 1.10 , 4.83 ) and be obese ( OR : 2.06 , 95 % CI : 1.05 , 3.91 ) than White women Veterans . women Veterans were more likely than White women Veterans to report diabetes ( OR : 4.20 , 95 % CI : 1.15 , 15.39 ) and daily smoking ( OR : 3.38 , 95 % CI : 1.01 , 11.30 ) , but less likely to report a hypertension diagnosis ( OR 0.21 , 95 % CI : 0.07 , 0.64 ) or to be obese ( OR : 0.39 , 95 % CI : 0.18 , 0.81 ) . women Veterans , CVD risks vary by race/ethnicity . women Veterans consistently face higher CVD risk compared to White women Veterans , while results are mixed for Hispanic women Veterans ."
4026,Abstract #4026,"compare the efficacy and safety of sublingual buprenorphine versus intravenous morphine sulfate in emergency department adults with acute bone fracture . patients received buprenorphine 0.4 mg sublingually or morphine 5 mg intravenously in this double-blind , double-dummy , randomized controlled trial . graded their pain with a standard 11-point numeric rating scale before medication administration and 30 and 60 minutes after , and we recorded adverse reactions . analyzed 44 and 45 patients in the buprenorphine and morphine groups , respectively . pain scores were similar at 30 minutes ( 5.0 versus 5.0 ; difference 0 ; 95 % confidence interval -0.6 to 0.8 ) and at 60 minutes ( 2.2 versus 2.2 ; difference 0 ; 95 % confidence interval -0.3 to 0.3 ) . effects observed within 30 minutes were nausea ( 14 % versus 12 % ) , dizziness ( 14 % versus 22 % ) , and hypotension ( 4 % versus 18 % ) . adults with acute fractures , buprenorphine 0.4 mg sublingually is as effective and safe as morphine 5 mg intravenously ."
4027,Abstract #4027,"determine whether inhaled corticosteroid treatment can reduce airways inflammation in adult cigarette smokers . was a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blinded clinical trial . subjects were recruited from the community by advertising . adults with a > or = 5 pack-year history who were current smokers , had a normal FEV1 , and produced sputum daily . subjects were randomized to receive four puffs of placebo or beclomethasone dipropionate ( [ BDP ] ; total dosage , 1,000 microg/d ) using a metered-dose aerosol inhaler with a valved holding chamber ( AeroChamber ; Trudell Medical ; London , Ontario , Canada ) for 28 days . subjects were not randomized because of poor compliance . primary outcome was fractional airway neutrophilia , as assessed by a differential cell count of sputum . outcome measures were spirometry , measurement of airway responsiveness by methacholine challenge , and lung epithelial permeability measured by the clearance of radiolabeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid . were no significant differences between the two groups in any outcome measurement after 4 weeks of treatment . normal spirometry , we found no benefit of treatment with inhaled BDP , 1,000 microg/d , on noninvasive measures of airways inflammation in adult smokers . indicates that cigarette smoke-induced inflammation in its early stages ( before a demonstrable airflow obstruction ) is not steroid sensitive . may occur because the site of involvement is not accessible to inhaled medications or because the inflammatory process is resistant to moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids ."
4028,Abstract #4028,"practice ( MP ) is defined as the ` symbolic rehearsal of a physical activity in the absence of any gross-muscular movements ' and has been used in sport and music to enhance performance . healthcare , MP has been demonstrated to improve technical skill performance of surgical residents . , its effect on crisis resource management ( CRM ) skills has yet to be determined . aimed to investigate the effect of warm-up with MP on CRM skill performance during a simulated crisis scenario . ethics board approval , 40 anaesthesia residents were randomized . intervention group performed 20 min of MP of a script based on CRM principles . control group received a 20 min didactic teaching session on an unrelated topic . subject then managed a simulated cardiac arrest . CRM experts rated the video recordings of each performance using the previously validated Ottawa GRS . time to start chest compressions , administer epinephrine , and give blood was recorded . was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups : total Ottawa GRS score was 24.50 ( 18.63-28 .88 [ 6.50-34 .50 ] ) ( median ( inter-quartile range [ range ] ) vs 20.50 ( 13.00-29 .13 [ 6.50-34 .50 ] ) ( P = 0.53 ) ; the time to start chest compressions 146.0 s ( 138.0-231 .0 [ 115.0-323 .0 ] ) vs 162.5 s ( 138.0-231 .0 [ 100.0-460 .0 ] ) ( P = 0.27 ) , the time to epinephrine administration 163.0 s ( 151.0-187 .0 [ 111.0-337 .0 ] ) vs 187.0 s ( 164.0-244 .0 [ 115.0-310 .0 ] ) ( P = 0.09 ) , and the time to blood administration 220.5 s ( 130.8-309 .0 [ 92.0-485 .0 ] ) vs 252.5 ( 174.5-398 .8 [ 65.0-527 .0 ] ) ( P = 0.48 ) . technical skills , warm-up with MP does not seem to improve CRM skills in simulated crisis scenarios ."
4029,Abstract #4029,"study investigates the possible benefits of radiofrequency ablation ( RFA ) in patients with non-resectable colorectal liver metastases . phase II study , originally started as a phase III design , randomly assigned 119 patients with non-resectable colorectal liver metastases between systemic treatment ( n = 59 ) or systemic treatment plus RFA ( resection ) ( n = 60 ) . objective was a 30-month overall survival ( OS ) rate > 38 % for the combined treatment group . primary end point was met , 30-month OS rate was 61.7 % [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 48.2-73 .9 ] for combined treatment . , 30-month OS for systemic treatment was 57.6 % ( 95 % CI 44.1-70 .4 ) , higher than anticipated . OS was 45.3 for combined treatment and 40.5 months for systemic treatment ( P = 0.22 ) . rate at 3 years for combined treatment was 27.6 % compared with 10.6 % for systemic treatment only ( hazard ratio = 0.63 , 95 % CI 0.42-0 .95 , P = 0.025 ) . progression-free survival ( PFS ) was 16.8 months ( 95 % CI 11.7-22 .1 ) and 9.9 months ( 95 % CI 9.3-13 .7 ) , respectively . is the first randomized study on the efficacy of RFA . study met the primary end point on 30-month OS ; however , the results in the control arm were in the same range . plus systemic treatment resulted in significant longer PFS . present , the ultimate effect of RFA on OS remains uncertain ."
4030,Abstract #4030,"previous study using memantine in smokers suggests that there may be a differential role for N-methyl-D-aspartate ( NMDA ) receptors in the subjective and cognitive effects of smoking . study was designed to investigate if D-cycloserine ( DCS ) would modulate the subjective and cognitive effects of limited smoking . habitual smokers abstinent for a minimum of 2 h were randomly allocated to receive either placebo or 50 mg DCS ( double-blind ) and were subsequently required either to smoke half of one cigarette or to remain abstinent . and physiological effects of DCS were measured at baseline , 90 min postcapsule , and again after the partial-smoking manipulation , while the effects on sustained attention ( rapid visual information processing test -- RVIP ) and cognitive flexibility ( intra-extra dimensional set-shift test -- IED ) were evaluated only after the partial-smoking manipulation . alone did not produce significant subjective effects other than an increase in ratings of `` Stimulated '' . combination with partial smoking , however , DCS blocked the smoking-induced increase in `` Stimulated '' and the decrease in `` Relaxed '' ratings . , in combination with smoking , DCS reduced the number of false alarms during the RVIP test ( an index of inhibitory control ) and produced a small increase in diastolic blood pressure . failed to modulate IED performance . findings provide further evidence of a role for glutamate release in the subjective effects of smoking but not the effects on attention and cognitive flexibility . , our results indicate that glutamate release may also be involved in the effect of smoking on inhibitory control ."
4031,Abstract #4031,"open haemorrhoidectomy under local anaesthesia ( LH ) may be the most cost-effective approach to haemorrhoidectomy . prospective randomized trial compared outcome after LH from patients ' and clinical perspectives with that after day-care open haemorrhoidectomy under general anaesthesia ( GH ) . patients with third-degree haemorrhoids were randomized to LH ( 19 ) or GH ( 22 ) . demographics were comparable . single haemorrhoid was excised in 15 patients , and two and three haemorrhoids in 13 each . nurse-led assessment and clinical evaluation were carried out for 6 months . measures were mean and expected pain scores at 30 , 60 and 90 min , then daily for 10 days , and satisfaction scores at 10 days , 6 weeks and 6 months . outcomes were journey time within the day-surgery unit and overall cost . was worse following LH than GH at 90 min after surgery ( P = 0.028 ) , but pain scores on reaching home were similar . pain was experienced on day 3 after LH and on day 6 after GH . day 1 onwards , daily pain scores were lower in the LH group , and there was a significant difference on day 8 ( mean ( 95 per cent confidence interval ) 3.61 ( 2.74 to 4.48 ) for LH versus 5.29 ( 4.12 to 6.45 ) for GH ; P = 0.027 ) . pain over 10 days , expectation and satisfaction scores were similar in the two groups . had a shorter journey time and was less expensive than GH . has similar tolerance and clinical outcome to GH , and is associated with a shorter journey time and lower cost . ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ) ."
4032,Abstract #4032,"( MTX ) has been shown to modify infliximab pharmacokinetics in rheumatoid arthritis . , its combination with infliximab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis ( AS ) is not recommended . objective of this study was to examine the influence of MTX on infliximab exposure in patients with AS . with AS patients who had predominantly axial symptoms were randomised to receive infliximab alone ( infusions of 5 mg/kg at weeks 0 , 2 , 6 , 12 and 18 ) or infliximab combined with MTX ( 10 mg/week ) . concentrations were measured before and 2 hours after each infusion and at 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 8 , 10 , 14 and 18 weeks . estimated individual cumulative area under the concentration versus time curves ( AUC ) for infliximab concentration between baseline and week 18 ( AUC ( 0-18 ) ) . and laboratory evaluations were performed at each visit . Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index ( BASDAI ) score was the primary end point for clinical response . patients were included ( infliximab group : n = 12 , infliximab + MTX group : n = 14 ) , and 507 serum samples were available for measurement of infliximab concentration . two groups did not differ with regard to AUC ( 0-18 ) or evolution of BASDAI scores and biomarkers of inflammation . combination of MTX and infliximab does not increase the exposure to infliximab over infliximab alone in patients with AS . : NCT00507403 ."
4033,Abstract #4033,"carry out an economic evaluation of a task-shifting intervention for the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders in primary-care settings in Goa , India . and cost-effectiveness analyses based on generalized linear models were performed within a trial set in 24 public and private primary-care facilities . were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control arm . subjects in the intervention arm were given psycho-education , case management , interpersonal psychotherapy and/or antidepressants by lay health workers . in the control arm were treated by physicians . use of health-care resources , the disability of each subject and degree of psychiatric morbidity , as measured by the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule , were determined at 2 , 6 and 12 months . data , from all three follow-ups , were collected from 1243 ( 75.4 % ) and 938 ( 81.7 % ) of the subjects enrolled in the study facilities from the public and private sectors , respectively . the public facilities , subjects in the intervention arm showed greater improvement in all the health outcomes investigated than those in the control arm . costs were also significantly lower in the intervention arm than in the control arm , whereas health system costs in the two arms were similar . the private facilities , however , the effectiveness and costs recorded in the two arms were similar . public primary-care facilities in Goa , the use of lay health workers in the care of subjects with common mental disorders was not only cost-effective but also cost-saving ."
4034,Abstract #4034,"assess the performance of two approaches to visual acuity testing in a group of nursing home residents with cognitive impairment . study was a cross-sectional comparison of the effectiveness of two tests of visual acuity . home residents participating in a clinical trial were tested with both recognition acuity charts and grating acuity cards ( Teller ) by masked observers . the nursing home residents ( n = 656 ) who participated in the study , 86 % could respond to visual acuity testing in at least one eye . percent were testable using Teller cards versus 73 % who were testable by Early-Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study ( ETDRS ) charts or Lea symbol charts . percent of individuals with MiniMental Status Examination ( MMSE ) scores lower than 10 were testable by recognition acuity , whereas 61 % were testable with grating acuity cards . acuity correlated well with recognition acuity ( R = 0.79 ; 95 % CI , 0.75-0 .98 , intraclass correlation coefficient [ ICC ] ) . correlation was slightly lower in individuals with decreased MMSE scores . grating acuity was one line better than recognition acuity on average and median acuities were the same , 24 % of individuals had results that differed by three or more lines . acuity cards can effectively test the vision in cognitively impaired individuals who are not testable by conventional means . acuity results correlated well with those of recognition acuity , although differences of three or more lines were not uncommon . use of grating acuity testing allows a more complete assessment of visual function in the cognitively impaired elderly ."
4035,Abstract #4035,"prospective , randomized , double-blind study compares the efficacy of two spinal needles in terms of their performance characteristics and associated perioperative complaints in young patients . I and II patients aged from 20 to 40 years undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery were included during a 12-month period . application of the protocol , 158 patients were recruited . patients were randomized to two groups : group I : 26-gauge Atraucan ( n = 79 ) and Group II : 27-gauge Whitacre ( n = 79 ) . study was made of the demographic parameters , technical characteristics , and peri - and postoperative complications . significant differences were found in the technical handling of the needles , number of attempts made to achieve the puncture , or the time required to perform the technique . technical failures ( spinal anesthesia inadequate for the planned surgery ) were reported , and the frequency of complications during the procedure was identical in both groups . of postdural puncture headache ( 3.8 % ) or severity and duration showed no difference between the two groups . overall assessment of postoperative complications revealed similar scores for both needles . handling ( ease with which block was performed ) of the needles analyzed was extremely easy , showing a high success rate which associated with the similar incidence of complications . of bevel does not appear to be a determining factor in the quality or morbidity associated with subarachnoid block when fine-gauge needles are used in young patients ."
4036,Abstract #4036,"exists about the indication of thrombolytic therapy in the subgroup of hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism ( PE ) and right ventricular dysfunction . natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) is excreted from the cardiac ventricles in response to cardiomyocyte stretch and can be measured with an easy-to-perform blood test . objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of elevated BNP levels for early recurrent venous thromboembolism with or without fatal outcome in hemodynamically stable patients with acute PE . addition , we assessed the potential clinical consequences of initiating thrombolytic therapy based on the BNP levels alone . nested case-control study was performed within the framework of a large randomized-controlled trial totalling 2213 hemodynamically stable patients with confirmed acute , symptomatic PE . patients experienced a fatal or non-fatal recurrent venous thromboembolism during the first 3 months of follow-up ( cases ) ; Two hundred and ninety-seven patients with uneventful follow-up served as controls . for BNP levels was obtained at referral and assayed in a central laboratory . had significantly higher mean baseline BNP levels ( P = 0.0002 ) . odds ratio ( OR ) for every logarithmic ( log ) unit increase in BNP concentration was 2.4 ( 95 % CI : 1.5-3 .7 ) . BNP cut-off level of 1.25 pmol L ( -1 ) [ the optimal point on the receiver-operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve ] was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 60 % and 62 % , respectively . theory , for every patient correctly receiving thrombolytic therapy at this cut-off , 16 patients will receive this therapy unnecessarily . natriuretic peptide level at presentation is significantly associated with early ( fatal ) recurrent venous thromboembolism in hemodynamically stable patients with acute PE . , this relationship appears clinically insufficient to guide the initiation of thrombolytic therapy ."
4037,Abstract #4037,"evaluate the usefulness of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) and hepatitis B e antigen ( HBeAg ) for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with conventional interferon ( IFN ) alfa-2b or PegIFN alfa-2b . patients were enrolled ; 29 for the training group and 29 for the validating group . of HBsAg and HBeAg was carried out at baseline , week 12 , week 24 , and then again at 12 and 24 weeks follow up , respectively , for two groups . patients in the training group were followed up for 5 years . cutoff of 1500 IU/mL in serum HBsAg at week 12 had a positive predictive value ( PPV ) of 33 % and a negative predictive value ( NPV ) of 91 % , and 2890 IU/mL at week 24 had a PPV of 43 % and an NPV of 95 % for HBeAg seroconversion at week 48 . cutoff of 17.55 Paul Ehrlich Institute units/mL ( PEI-U/mL ) in serum HBeAg at week 12 had a PPV of 38 % and an NPV of 95 % , and 8.52 PEI-U/mL at week 24 had a PPV of 44 % and a NPV of 100 % for HBeAg seroconversion at week 48 . the HBsAg and HBeAg levels of PegIFN alfa-2b group were lower than those of the conventional IFN alfa-2b group . follow up , patients with HBeAg seroconversion remained HBeAg negative and none of them progressed to cirrhosis , but among the patients with non-HBeAg seroconversion , two progressed to cirrhosis . additional patients with negative HBeAg were observed . serum HBsAg and HBeAg had high predictive values to predict sustained HBeAg seroconversion by PegIFN alfa-2b . who cleared HBeAg had better survival free of hepatic complications during long-term follow-up study ."
4038,Abstract #4038,"use of hamstring tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has increased in popularity over recent years . , concerns with the stability of graft fixation on the tibial side remain . placed interference screw/sheath implants have demonstrated promising results in biomechanical studies . placed , polyethylene screw and sheath implants will provide clinically equivalent fixation to the standard metal interference screw and supplemental staple fixation . controlled trial ; Level of evidence , 1 . total of 113 consecutive patients undergoing isolated , unilateral , primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autografts were randomized to tibial fixation with metal interference screw and staples ( RCI ) or with a centrally placed polyethylene screw and sheath implant ( INTRAFIX ) . assessment of subjective outcomes was performed using Lysholm , Mohtadi , and International Knee Documentation Committee ( IKDC ) scores . minimum 2-year follow-up , there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of instrumented stability testing ( KT-1000 arthrometer ) or subjective assessment of knee outcomes ( IKDC , Lysholm , Mohtadi ) . fixation methods demonstrated a significant , but not different , increase in outcomes scores from preoperative to postoperative evaluation . were 7 failures ( 5 INTRAFIX , 2 RCI ) caused by reinjury , but no statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 fixation methods . centrally placed polyethylene screw and sheath provided equivalent clinical outcomes at minimum 2-year follow-up to standard tibial fixation with metal interference screw and staples ."
4039,Abstract #4039,"study aims to investigate the efficacy of screening by low-cost technology in down-staging and reduction of mortality due to breast and cervix cancer . present trial is a community-based , cluster randomised controlled cohort study on screening for breast and cervix cancers ( clinical breast examination and visual inspection of the cervix after application of 4 % acetic acid ) . and multivariate logistic regression analyses are conducted to identify the predictors of compliance to referral among screen-positive women and to treatment among cancer cases . compliance to diagnostic investigations is 73 % among screen-positive women referred for breast cancer and 79 % among women referred for cervix cancer . women , women working in service or being self-employed , school level-educated women , mother tongue Marathi , participation in screening in all 3 rounds and women referred as screen positive for cervix cancer had higher compliance to diagnostic investigations . compliance to treatment completion is higher in women diagnosed with breast cancer , at 95 % , compared to 86 % for cervix cancers and 81 % for cervix pre-cancers . compliance rates along with a proper system of referral , further investigations , confirmation of diagnosis and treatment as demonstrated in this trial are crucial for successful screening programmes ."
4040,Abstract #4040,"blood pressure ( BP ) peak may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease . morning BP should be a target of hypertension treatment is not known . investigated the relationship between morning BP variations , carotid internal-medial thickness ( CIMT ) , circulating inflammatory markers , and sympathetic activity in hypertensive patients with different patterns of morning BP increase at baseline and after antihypertensive treatment . hundred twenty-eight hypertensive patients with morning BP peak ( MP + ) were compared with 196 hypertensive patients without morning BP peak ( MP - ) . patients performed 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring , assessment of CIMT , circulating concentration of C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-18 ( IL-18 ) , and urinary catecholamines . with MP - patients , MP + patients had higher CIMT and urinary catecholamine output ( P < .001 ) , as well as CRP , IL-6 , and IL-18 ( P < .001 ) . randomly assigned 128 drug-naive MP + patients to either metoprolol or carvedilol , two antihypertensive drugs with different effects on sympathetic activity . primary outcome was change in CIMT and circulating inflammatory markers at 12 months . BP decreased more among patients in the carvedilol group ( P < .001 ) , whereas clinic BP showed a similar decrease in both groups . CIMT ( P < .001 ) , IL-6 ( P < .001 ) , IL-18 ( P < .001 ) , and CRP ( P < .001 ) decreased more in the carvedilol group than in the metoprolol group . CIMT regression was observed in 49 % of patients in the carvedilol group and 18 % of patients in the metoprolol group ( P < .01 ) . in CIMT was directly associated with changes in morning BP . CIMT and circulating inflammatory markers coexist in hypertensive patients with morning BP peak , and might contribute to their increased cardiovascular risk . atherosclerosis can be prevented by control of morning BP ."
4041,Abstract #4041,"study evaluated the repair bond strength of differently surface-conditioned press-on-metal ceramic to repair composites and determined the location of the accumulated stresses by finite element analysis . ceramic disks ( IPS InLine PoM , Ivoclar Vivadent ) ( N = 45 , diameter : 3 mm , height : 2 mm ) were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 15 per group ) and conditioned with one of the following methods : 9.5 % hydrofluoric acid ( HF ) ( Porcelain etch ) , tribochemical silica coating ( TS ) ( CoJet ) , and an unconditioned group acted as the control ( C ) . group was divided into three subgroups depending on the repair composite resins : a ) Arabesk Top ( V , a microhybrid ; VOCO ) , b ) Filtek Z250 ( F , a hybrid ; 3M ESPE ) ; c ) Tetric EvoCeram ( T , a nanohybrid ; Ivoclar Vivadent ) ( n = 5 per subgroup ) . composites disks ( diameter : 1 mm , height : 1 mm ) were photopolymerized on each ceramic block . bond strength ( MSB ) tests were performed ( 1 mm/min ) and the obtained data were statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Tukey 's post-hoc test ( = 0.05 ) . types were analyzed under SEM . indentation hardness , Young 's modulus , and finite element analysis ( FEA ) were performed complementary to MSB tests to determine stress accumulation areas . results were significantly affected by the surface conditioning methods ( p = 0.0001 ) , whereas the repair composite types did not show a significant effect ( p = 0.108 ) . interaction terms between the repair composite and surface conditioning method were also statistically significant ( p = 0.0001 ) . lowest MSB values ( MPa SD ) were obtained in the control group ( V = 4 0.8 ; F = 3.9 0.7 ; T = 4.1 0.7 ) ( p < 0.05 ) . the group treated with T composite resulted in significantly lower MSB values for the HF group ( T = 4.1 0.8 ) compared to those of other composites ( V = 8.1 2.6 ; F = 7.6 2.2 ) ( p < 0.05 ) , there were no significant differences when TS was used as a conditioning method ( V = 5 1.7 ; F = 4.7 1 ; T = 6.2 0.8 ) ( p > 0.05 ) . control group presented exclusively adhesive failures . failures in composite followed by mixed failure types were more common in HF and TS conditioned groups . modulus of the composites were 22.9 , 12.09 , and 10.41 GPa for F , T , and V , respectively . hardness of the composites were 223 , 232 , and 375 HV for V , T , and F , respectively . Mises stresses in the FEA analysis for the V and T composites spread over a large area due to the low elastic modulus of the composite , whereas the F composite material accumulated more stresses at the bonded interface . ceramic could best be repaired using tribochemical silica coating followed by silanization , regardless of the repair composite type in combination with their corresponding adhesive resins , providing that no cohesive ceramic failure was observed ."
4042,Abstract #4042,"assess the incremental low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) lowering efficacy of doubling the statin dose or switching to the ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20 mg combination tablet ( EZE/SIMVA ) in patients on simvastatin 20 mg or atorvastatin 10 mg not at LDL-C target < 2.5 mmol/L . with documented coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and/or type 2 diabetes ( DM2 ) with LDL-C > or = 2.5 and < 5.0 mmol/L despite treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg or simvastatin 20 mg were randomized to ( 1 ) double statin dose or ( 2 ) switch to ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/20 , according to a PROBE study design . , lipoprotein subfractions and safety data were assessed during the study . of 178 ( 67 % ) patients in the EZE/SIMVA group and 49 of 189 ( 26 % ) in the doubling statin group reached target LDL-C < 2.5 mmol/L . odds ratio of success for EZE/SIMVA versus doubling statin treatment in reaching the LDL-C target of < 2.5 mmol/L was 5.7 ( 95 % CI : 3.7-9 .0 , p < 0.0001 ) . reduction in total cholesterol ( TC ) , total/high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) cholesterol ratio and apolipoprotein B was observed in both groups , but this reduction was significantly more pronounced in the EZE/SIMVA group as compared with the doubling statin dose group . was well tolerated and no difference was observed between the two groups with regard to adverse effects . CHD/DM2 patients treated with simvastatin or atorvastatin with LDL-C persistently > or = 2.5 mmol/L , switching to the EZE/SIMVA was more effective in attaining the LDL-C target of < 2.5 mmol/L than doubling the statin dose ."
4043,Abstract #4043,"investigate whether vitamin B ( 6 ) supplementation had a beneficial effect on lowering fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations in coronary artery disease ( CAD ) patients . single-blind intervention study . study was performed at the Taichung Veterans General Hospital , the central part of Taiwan . total of 50 subjects were identified by cardiac catheterization to have at least 70 % stenosis of one major coronary artery . all , 42 patients successfully completed this study . were randomly assigned to one of five groups and treated with a daily dose of placebo ( n = 8 ) , 5 mg vitamin B ( 6 ) ( n = 8 ) , 10 mg vitamin B ( 6 ) ( n = 8 ) , 50 mg vitamin B ( 6 ) ( n = 9 ) , or 5 mg folic acid combined with 0.25 mg vitamin B ( 12 ) ( n = 9 ) for 12 weeks . intakes were recorded by using 24-h diet recalls when patients returned to the cardiology clinic before the intervention ( week 0 ) and at week 12 . B ( 6 ) status was assessed by direct measures ( plasma pyridoxal 5 ' - phosphate ) and indirect measures ( erythrocyte alanine and aspartate aminotransaminase activity coefficient ) . plasma homocysteine , serum folic acid , and vitamin B ( 12 ) were measured . plasma homocysteine concentration did not respond to high or low doses of vitamin B ( 6 ) when compared with a placebo treatment after 12 weeks of supplementation . mean fasting plasma homocysteine concentration , however , decreased significantly after 12 weeks of folic acid combined with vitamin B ( 12 ) supplementation ( P = 0.047 ) . , within group , mean fasting plasma homocysteine concentration was nonsignificantly increased by 25.5 , 16.2 , and 18.3 % in placebo , 10 mg/day and 50 mg/day vitamin B ( 6 ) supplemented groups , respectively ; whereas folic acid combined with vitamin B ( 12 ) supplementation significantly reduced fasting plasma homocysteine concentration by 32 % ( P < 0.001 ) . results indicate that vitamin B ( 6 ) supplementation alone is less effective than folic acid combined with vitamin B ( 12 ) in lowering plasma homocysteine concentrations in CAD patients . study was supported by the National Science Council , Taiwan , Republic of China ( NSC-91-2320-B-040-023 ) ."
4044,Abstract #4044,"investigate the effect of L-dopa on the PLM/h index of spinal cord injured subjects . Paulo , Brazil . male volunteers with spinal cord section between T7 - T12 , and mean age of 31.6 + / -8.3 years participated in the study . or placebo were administered for 30 days , 1 h before the volunteers went to sleep , in a double blind , crossover design . recordings were performed on ten occasions : Phase 1 : Basal night , following an adaptation night at the sleep laboratory ; phase 2 : after 1 , 7 , 21 and 30 days of L-dopa administration ; phase 3 : first night of L-dopa or placebo withdrawal ; phase IV : 1 , 7 , 21 and 30 days after placebo ingestion . index of PLM/h on the first night of L-dopa or placebo withdrawal ( phase III ) was lower than on both the basal night and the first night of L-dopa treatment . the time of polysomnographic analysis , volunteers were divided into two groups : index of PLM/h below five and those whose index was above five . between L-dopa and placebo treatments revealed that only those volunteers with an index above five revealed a reduction in PLM in L-dopa . results indicate that despite the spinal cord lesions , L-dopa treatment is capable of minimizing PLM during sleep ."
4045,Abstract #4045,"participation in long-term exercise may translate into improved long-term weight loss in overweight adults . compare the effects of intermittent with traditional continuous exercise on weight loss , adherence , and fitness , and to examine the effect of combining intermittent exercise with that using home exercise equipment . trial from September 1996 through September 1998 . total of 148 sedentary , overweight ( mean [ SD ] body mass index , 32.8 [ 4.0 ] kg/m2 ) women ( mean [ SD ] age , 36.7 [ 5.6 ] years ) in a university-based weight control program . behavioral weight control program with 3 groups : long-bout exercise ( LB ) , multiple short-bout exercise ( SB ) , or multiple short-bout exercise with home exercise equipment ( SBEQ ) using a treadmill . weight , body composition , cardiorespiratory fitness , and exercise adherence . 148 subjects , 115 ( 78 % ) completed the 18-month program . 18 months , mean ( SD ) weight loss was significantly greater in subjects in the SBEQ group compared with subjects in the SB group ( -7.4 [ 7.8 ] kg vs -3.7 [ 6.6 ] kg ; P < .05 ) . ( SD ) weight loss for subjects in the LB group ( -5.8 [ 7.1 ] kg ) was not significantly different than for subjects in the SB or SBEQ groups . in the SBEQ group maintained a higher level of exercise than subjects in both the SB and LB groups ( P < .05 ) at 13 to 18 months of treatment . groups showed an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness from baseline to 18 months , with no difference between groups . ( SD ) weight loss at 18 months was significantly greater in individuals exercising more than 200 min/wk throughout the intervention ( -13.1 [ 8.0 ] kg ) compared with individuals exercising 150 to 200 min/wk ( -8.5 [ 5.8 ] kg ) or less than 150 min/wk ( -3.5 [ 6.5 ] kg ) ( P < .05 ) . with the LB group , subjects in the SB group did not experience improved long-term weight loss , exercise participation , or cardiorespiratory fitness . to home exercise equipment facilitated the maintenance of SB , which may improve long-term weight loss . dose-response relationship exists between amount of exercise and long-term weight loss in overweight adult women ."
4046,Abstract #4046,"mechanisms by which exercise training benefits patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) are unclear but may include improved myocardial circulation . aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on myocardial blood flow ( MBF ) and coronary flow reserve ( CFR ) in patients with stable CAD . patients with documented CAD and ischemic ST-segment depression during exercise testing were randomized to exercise training ( n = 7 ) or sedentary life style ( control ; n = 5 ) and underwent rubidium-82 positron emission tomography pre - and postintervention . left ventricle MBF and regional MBF in 17 left ventricular segments were calculated . with < 75 % uptake ( 2 SD below normal ) on stress uptake images were defined as abnormal . training increased global CFR by 20.8 % + / - 27.9 % versus control ( 10.5 + / - 24.1 % , P = .0001 ) . normal segments ( exercise training : n = 91 ; control : n = 46 ) , exercise training did not change resting MBF ( -14.1 % + / - 16.3 % vs -8.8 % + / - 15.6 % ) and hyperemic MBF ( -1.93 % + / - 19.1 % vs 2.86 % + / - 20.5 % , P = NS ) and increased in CFR compared to control ( 17.0 % + / - 25.5 % vs 11.3 % + / - 23.5 % , P = .01 ) . abnormal segments , the change in resting MBF was not significantly different ( -12.6 % + / - 18.5 % exercise [ 28 segments ] vs -2.9 % + / - 18.0 % control [ 39 segments ] , P = NS ) . significant increase was seen in hyperemic MBF with exercise ( 12.5 % + / - 22.1 % vs 2.6 % + / - 16.3 % , P = .02 ) and CFR ( 32.8 % + / - 32.3 % vs 9.5 % + / - 24.8 % , P = .001 ) . training increased CFR in normal and diseased segments , and increased hyperemic flow in diseased segments . data provide preliminary evidence in support of a favorable effect of exercise training on blood flow to ischemic myocardium ."
4047,Abstract #4047,"is unknown whether computer-generated , patient-tailored feedback leads to improvements in glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes . recruited people with type 2 diabetes aged 40 years with a glycated hemoglobin ( A1C ) 7 % , living in Hamilton , Canada , who were enrolled in a community-based program ( Diabetes Hamilton ) that provided regular evidence-based information and listings of community resources designed to facilitate diabetes self-management . completing a questionnaire , participants were randomly allocated to either receive or not receive periodic computer-generated , evidence-based feedback on the basis of their questionnaire responses and designed to facilitate improved glycemic control and diabetes self-management . primary outcome was a change in A1C after 1 year . total of 465 participants ( 50 % women , mean age 62 years , and mean A1C 7.83 % ) were randomly assigned , and 12-month A1C values were available in 96 % of all participants , at which time the A1C level had decreased by an absolute amount of 0.24 and 0.15 % in the intervention and control groups , respectively . difference in A1C reduction for the intervention versus control group was 0.09 % ( 95 % CI -0.08 to 0.26 ; P = 0.3 ) . between-group differences in measures of quality of life , diabetes self-management behaviors , or clinical outcomes were observed . computer-generated tailored feedback to registrants of a generic , community-based program that supports diabetes self-management does not lead to lower A1C levels or a better quality of life than participation in the community-based program ( augmented by periodic A1C testing ) alone ."
4048,Abstract #4048,"evaluate the therapeutic effect of Yinchenghao decoction ( YCHD ) and S-adenosy-L-methionine ( SAM ) in treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy ( ICP ) and improving prognosis of perinatal newborn babies . in-patients of ICP were randomly divided into two groups , the group A treated with YCHD and the group B treated with SAM . symptom of itching and serum biochemical indexes , including glycocholic acid , bilirubin and transaminase , were observed after 3 weeks treatment , and the prognosis of perinatal newborn babies between the two groups was compared after delivery . treatment , the symptom of itching , serum levels of glycocholic acid , bilirubin and transaminase improved significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in both groups , and the prognosis of newborn in the two groups was similar ( P > 0.05 ) . YCHD and SAM could effectively treat ICP . former is rather cheaper , so it is more feasible for spreading ."
4049,Abstract #4049,"determine the effect of BAY 12-9566 , a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor , on articular cartilage metabolism in patients with osteoarthritis ( OA ) . patients with OA were randomized to receive oral daily dosing of BAY 12-9566 ( 25 , 100 , or 400 mg ) or placebo for 3 weeks prior to knee surgery . samples were obtained at surgery and examined for markers of proteoglycan aggrecan turnover ( 846 epitope , a putative synthesis marker , and keratan sulfate epitope content ) and type II collagen synthesis ( C-propeptide content ) , cleavage by collagenase ( COL 2-3/4 C short ) , denaturation , and content ( COL2-3 / 4m epitope ) . 12-9566 concentrations were measured by HPLC in serum , synovial fluid , and cartilage . between study drug and placebo treatments revealed that at the 100 mg dose there was a significant increase in the 846 epitope ( p = 0.012 ) . type II collagen content was also higher at this dosage ( p = 0.012 ) . in collagen degradation and synthesis were not detected . 12-9566 at daily doses of 100 mg significantly altered proteoglycan turnover , resulting in a cartilage composition reflected by the content of the 846 epitope that is more characteristic of a young growing individual . increase in this epitope may signify increased matrix synthesis . increase in type II collagen content was unexpected , since there was no other evidence for altered collagen turnover . , increased matrix assembly would also be indicated by this increased content ."
4050,Abstract #4050,"investigate the degree and selectivity of rectal thromboxane inhibition by low dose aspirin and there by investigate the contribution of platelet thromboxane to rectal thromboxane . study was a randomized double-blind placebo controlled crossover study . healthy volunteers were studied , each over four separate study periods with two weeks wash-out between each period . in levels of thromboxane ( TX ) B2 , prostaglandin ( PG ) E2 and leukotriene ( LT ) B4 in rectal dialysates were measured in response to 5 days oral low dose aspirin therapy in one of three once-daily formulations ( plain 75 mg , plain 300 mg or enteric coated 300 mg ) , and compared to placebo . each study period , rectal dialysates ( 4 h duration ) were obtained at baseline and twice more after 5 days of aspirin or placebo therapy . levels of thromboxane B2 , leukotriene B4 , prostaglandin E2 , and serum thromboxane B2 were measured by radioimmunoassay . thromboxane B2 levels were consistently inhibited by low dose aspirin ( overall results of all formulations , 75 to 300 mg daily ) from 1.06 ng/ml ( geometric mean , 95 % CI : 0.79-1 .43 ng/ml ) on placebo , by 29 % ( 95 % CI : 11-40 % ) to 0.75 ng/ml ( 0.56-1 .01 ng/ml ) ( P = 0.046 ) on aspirin . the absence of aspirin the level of prostaglandin E2 was 1.47 ng/ml ( 0.97-2 .23 ng/ml ) and in the presence of aspirin was not significantly changed . dialysate level of leukotriene B4 was 0.45 ng/ml ( 0.34-0 .61 ng/ml ) in the absence of aspirin and there was no significant change on low dose aspirin . thromboxane was inhibited by 80 % to 20 % of placebo values by plain aspirin 75 mg , by 95 % by plain aspirin 300 mg , and by 82 % by enteric coated aspirin 300 mg , respectively ( P < 0.01 ) . results show that 29 % of the rectal thromboxane , but none of the rectal prostaglandin E2 or leukotriene B4 is inhibited by low dose aspirin . infer that 34 % of the rectal thromboxane B2 is platelet-derived in our volunteers . dose aspirin will selectively inhibit a proportion of rectal thromboxane and may have prophylactic therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease ."
4051,Abstract #4051,"the use of bortezomib alone and in combination with steroids has shown efficacy in AL amyloidosis , its role in combination with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation ( HDM/SCT ) is unknown . this study , we evaluated bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone ( BD ) for induction chemotherapy prior to HDM/SCT . was a single-center , prospective , randomized controlled trial comparing induction therapy consisting of two BD cycles followed by HDM/SCT ( BD+HDM / SCT ) with HDM/SCT alone in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis . hematological and organ responses of the patients were assessed every three months post HDM/SCT . patients newly diagnosed with renal ( 100 % ) , cardiac ( 57.1 % ) , liver ( 7.1 % ) , or nervous system ( 8.9 % ) AL amyloidosis were enrolled in this study ; 28 patients were assigned to each arm . patients died within 100days of HDM/SCT ( 3.6 % treatment-related mortality ) . overall hematologic response rates in the BD+HDM / SCT arm and HDM/SCT arm at three , six and twelve months were 78.5 % versus 50 % , 82.1 % versus 53.5 % and 85.7 % versus 53.5 % , respectively . the BD+HDM / SCT arm , 15 ( 53.5 % ) patients achieved a hematologic response after BD and before HDM/SCT . intention-to-treat analysis revealed a higher rate of complete remission in the BD+HDM / SCT arm at both 12 and 24months ( 67.9 % and 70 % , respectively ) than with the HDM/SCT-only therapy ( 35.7 % and 35 % , respectively , P = 0.03 ) . a median follow-up of 28months , the survival rates at 24months post-treatment start were 95.0 % in the BD+HDM / SCT group and 69.4 % in the HDM/SCT alone group ( P = 0.03 ) . preliminary data suggest that the outcome of treating AL amyloidosis with BD induction and HDM/SCT was superior to the outcome of the HDM/SCT treatment alone . trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov with the number NCT01998503 ."
4052,Abstract #4052,"Sclerosis ( MS ) is an incurable , chronic , potentially progressive and unpredictable disease of the central nervous system . disease produces a range of unpleasant and debilitating symptoms , which can have a profound impact including disrupting activities of daily living , employment , income , relationships , social and leisure activities , and life goals . to the illness is therefore particularly challenging . trial tests the effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioural intervention compared to Supportive Listening to assist adjustment in the early stages of MS. is a two arm randomized multi-centre parallel group controlled trial . consenting participants who meet eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to receive either Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Supportive Listening . one hour sessions of therapy ( delivered over a period of 10 weeks ) will be delivered by general nurses trained in both treatments . questionnaire data will be collected at baseline ( 0 weeks ) , mid-therapy ( week 5 of therapy ) , post-therapy ( 15 weeks ) and at six months ( 26 weeks ) and twelve months ( 52 weeks ) follow-up . outcomes are distress and MS-related social and role impairment at twelve month follow-up . will also consider predictors and mechanisms of change during therapy . interviews to examine participants ' experiences of the interventions will be conducted with a purposively sampled sub-set of the trial participants . economic analysis will also take place . trial is distinctive in its aims in that it aids adjustment to MS in a broad sense . is not a treatment specifically for depression . of nurses as therapists makes the interventions potentially viable in terms of being rolled out in the NHS . trial benefits from incorporating patient input in the development and evaluation stages . trial will provide important information about the efficacy , cost-effectiveness and acceptability of the interventions as well as mechanisms of psychosocial adjustment . Controlled Trials ISRCTN91377356 ."
4053,Abstract #4053,"observe the improvement of the quality of life ( QOL ) of patients with bronchial asthma treated with acupuncture based on the interior-exterior relationship of the lung and large intestine , in terms of meridian-collateral theory and through the lung and large intestine meridians . to the random number table , 52 cases of bronchial asthma at chronic persistent stage of the middle degree in accordance with the inclusive criteria were divided into a lung meridian acupoint group ( group A ) , a large intestine meridian acupoint group ( group B ) , a lung and large intestine meridian acupoint group ( group C ) and a control group at the ratio of 1:1:1 = 1 , 13 cases in each one . the control group , according to the requirement , Ventolin aerosol was used , one spray/time , < or = 4 times/day . treatment of 12 weeks was required . the first 3 groups , on the basis of the treatment as the control group , acupuncture was supplemented . group A , Chize ( LU 5 ) , Kongzui ( LU 6 ) , Lieque ( LU 7 ) , etc. were selected . group B , Quchi ( LI 11 ) , Hegu ( LI 4 ) , Tianshu ( ST 25 ) , etc. were selected . group C , Chize ( LU 5 ) , Kongzui ( LU 6 ) , Lieque ( LU 7 ) , Quchi ( LI 11 ) , Hegu ( LI4 ) , etc. were selected . was given once every two days , 3 times a week . , 12 treatments made one session and 3 sessions ( 12 weeks ) were required . Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ ) was adopted to assess the total score and four subscales , named activity limitation , environment stimulation , emotion and symptom , and determine the efficacy . comparison before and after treatment in the same group , AQLQ total score , emotion score and symptom score were all increased significantly in group A and group C separately ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . environment stimulation score was increased in group C ( P < 0.05 ) . group B , AQLQ total score and the activity score were increased remarkably ( both P < 0.05 ) . comparison among groups : compared with the control group , AQLQ total score and symptom score in group A and group C were improved obviously ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) ; the emotion score was increased obviously in group B and group C ( both P < 0.01 ) and the environment stimulation score was increased obviously in group C ( P < 0.05 ) . with group B , the symptom score was improved much obviously in group C ( P < 0.05 ) . improves the quality of life much more obviously for the patients with bronchial asthma in terms of the lung and large intestine theory ."
4054,Abstract #4054,"compare in a randomized , prospective manner infectious complication rates associated with presacral drainage versus no drainage in the presence of penetrating rectal injury . a 45-month period , 48 patients with penetrating rectal injuries were entered into a randomized , prospective study at an urban Level I trauma center . patients were randomized to a presacral drainage group or a nondrainage group . was performed after detection of the rectal injury . injuries were identified by proctoscopy ( 92 % ) , with the rest detected intraoperatively or by physical examination . patients with rectal injuries were included regardless of age , associated injuries , time from injury to operation , blood loss , severity of rectal injury , other abdominal organs injured , or hemodynamic stability . injuries were defined as those injuries to the large bowel distal to the peritoneal reflection . rectal injuries underwent fecal diversion , and all drainage was accomplished using closed Jackson-Pratt drainage . patients were studied , of whom 25 were randomized to no drainage and 23 were randomized to presacral drainage . average age for the nondrainage group was 21.9 years , and the average age for the presacral drainage group 26.0 years . average Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index score was 34.3 for the nondrainage group and 32.4 for the presacral drainage group . were two ( 8 % ) septic complications ( one perirectal and one perivesical abscess ) associated with the rectal injuries in the presacral drainage group . abscesses in the drainage group resolved after computed tomography-guided drainage . was one ( 4 % ) septic complication ( rectocutaneous fistula ) in the nondrainage group , which was associated with a retained missile fragment . fistula resolved after bedside percutaneous removal of the missile fragment . conclude that presacral drainage for penetrating rectal injuries has no effect on infectious complications associated with the rectal injuries ."
4055,Abstract #4055,"conformable self-expandable metallic stent was developed to overcome the limitation of previous self-expandable metallic stents . aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes after placement of conformable covered and uncovered self-expandable metallic stents for palliation of malignant gastroduodenal obstruction . single-blind , randomized , parallel-group , prospective study were conducted in 4 medical centres between March 2009 and July 2012.134 patients with unresectable malignant gastroduodenal obstruction were assigned to a covered double-layered ( n = 66 ) or uncovered unfixed-cell braided ( n = 68 ) stent placement group . analysis was performed to compare re-intervention rates between two groups . patients were analysed ( 59 in the covered group and 61 in the uncovered group ) . rates of re-intervention were not significantly different between the two groups : 13/59 ( 22.0 % ) in the covered group vs. 13/61 ( 21.3 % ) in the uncovered group , p = 0.999 . migration was more frequent in the covered group than in the uncovered group ( p = 0.003 ) . tumour ingrowth rate was higher in the uncovered group than in the covered group ( p = 0.016 ) . rates of re-intervention did not significantly differ between the two stents . covered double-layered and uncovered unfixed-cell braided stents were associated with different patterns of stent malfunction ."
4056,Abstract #4056,"evaluate the safety and activity of 6 months of treatment with lenalidomide at 5 or 25 mg/d in nonmetastatic biochemically relapsed prostate cancer . men with non-castrate , nonmetastatic , biochemically relapsed prostate cancer were stratified by prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) doubling time , surgery/radiation therapy , prior androgen deprivation therapy ( ADT ) , and randomized to lenalidomide 5 mg ( n = 26 ) or 25 mg/d ( n = 34 ) for 3 weeks repeated monthly for 6 months or until dose-limiting toxicity or disease progression . was evaluated monthly , and PSAs and X-rays/scans every 6 months . size was determined to detect a progression rate of 40 % at 6 months in either arm with 85 % power ( compared with a rate of 80 % in the population receiving no treatment ) . in PSA slopes were calculated using the regression of the log PSA for each patient before and during the initial 6 months and compared by t test . variables were balanced between arms . 3/4 toxicity rates were 12 % ( n = 3 ) with 5 mg and 29 % ( n = 10 ) with 25 mg ( P = 0.1 ) , most commonly neutropenia ( five patients , all on 25 mg ) . patients per arm had thromboembolic events . change in PSA slope was greater with 25 mg versus 5 mg [ -0.172 ( -0.24 to -0.11 ) versus -0.033 ( -0.11 to 0.04 ) ; P = 0.005 ] . a mean follow-up of 31.4 months ( range 14-44 ) , five patients on 25 mg and one patient on 5 mg remain on the study . has acceptable toxicity and is associated with long-term disease stabilization and PSA declines . studies evaluating conventional clinical disease end points in this patient population are planned ."
4057,Abstract #4057,"study explored the interest in genomic testing for modest changes in colorectal cancer risk and preferences for receiving genomic risk communications among individuals with intermediate disease risk due to a family history of colorectal cancer . were conducted on 272 men and women at intermediate risk for colorectal cancer enrolled in a randomized trial comparing a remote personalized risk communication intervention ( TeleCARE ) aimed at promoting colonoscopy to a generic print control condition . by Leventhal 's Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation , we examined demographic and psychosocial factors possibly associated with interest in SNP testing . statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with interest in SNP testing and preferences for receiving genomic risk communications . of participants expressed interest in SNP testing for colorectal cancer risk . interest did not markedly change across behavior modifier scenarios . preferred to receive genomic risk communications from a variety of sources : printed materials ( 69.5 % ) , oncologists ( 54.8 % ) , primary-care physicians ( 58.4 % ) , and the web ( 58.1 % ) . , persons who were unmarried ( p = 0.029 ) , younger ( p = 0.003 ) and with greater cancer-related fear ( p = 0.019 ) were more likely to express interest in predictive genomic testing for colorectal cancer risk . a stratified analysis , cancer-related fear was associated with the interest in predictive genomic testing in the intervention group ( p = 0.017 ) , but not the control group . with intermediate familial risk for colorectal cancer are highly interested in genomic testing for modest increases in disease risk , specifically unmarried persons , younger age groups and those with greater cancer fear ."
4058,Abstract #4058,"purpose of this study was to measure patients ' satisfaction and their preference between mandibular dentures with permanent silicone-based resilient denture liner ( SR ) and conventional heat-activated acrylic resin ( AR ) , both opposed by acrylic resin-based maxillary complete dentures . edentulous patients who had fulfilled selection criteria and provided informed consent were enrolled in this trial . were allocated randomly to either arm of cross-over groups ( AR-SR/SR-AR ) , stratified by gender , using a random permuted block within the strata method . AR-SR group received AR denture treatment followed by SR denture treatment . SR-AR group received treatment in the reverse sequence . primary outcome was patient satisfaction measured on 100-mm VAS , analyzed by two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni multiple comparison as a post hoc test . secondary outcome was patients ' preference , evaluated by chi-square goodness-of-fit test . intention-to-treat analysis was performed . subjects were enrolled in the analysis . were no significant differences between AR and SR dentures 1 , 2 , and 3 months after the completion of control . of 25 patients preferred SR dentures . there were no significant differences in patient satisfaction ratings between the two types of dentures , a significant majority of patients preferred those with a resilient denture liner ."
4059,Abstract #4059,"addition of PCV ( procarbazine , lomustine , and vincristine ) chemotherapy to radiotherapy ( RT ) for patients with WHO grade 2 glioma improves progression-free survival ( PFS ) . effect of therapy intensification on cognitive function ( CF ) remains a concern in this population with substantial long-term survival . total of 251 patients with WHO grade 2 glioma age 40 years with any extent of resection or age < 40 years with subtotal resection/biopsy were randomly assigned to RT ( 54 Gy ) or RT plus PCV . observed 111 patients age < 40 years with gross total resection . was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) at baseline and years 1 , 2 , 3 , and 5 . , few patients experienced significant decline in MMSE score . were no significant differences in the proportion of patients experiencing MMSE score decline between the randomized study arms at any time point . study arms experienced a significant gain in average MMSE score longitudinally over time , with no difference between arms . MMSE is a relatively insensitive tool , and subtle changes in CF may have been missed . , the addition of PCV to RT did not result in significantly higher rates of MMSE score decline than RT alone through 5 years of follow-up . in both randomly assigned arms experienced a statistically significant average MMSE score increase over time , with no difference between arms . addition of PCV chemotherapy to RT improves PFS without excessive CF detriment over RT alone for patients with low-grade glioma ."
4060,Abstract #4060,"evaluate the relationship of the severity of restless legs syndrome ( RLS ) as assessed by a subjective , patient-rated scale ( International RLS Study Group Rating Scale , IRLS ) , and of periodic leg movements in sleep ( PLMS ) as an objective parameter , in two different patient populations . of 200 unmedicated patients with idiopathic RLS were evaluated . 1 ( n = 100 ) consisted of selected patients participating in the Pergolide European Australian RLS ( PEARLS ) study . 2 ( n = 100 ) represented an outpatient RLS population investigated in a Sleep Disorders Center . , Group 1 was also evaluated after a 6 week double-blind treatment period , where 47 patients received pergolide and 53 patients placebo . unmedicated patients , IRLS scores correlated with the PLMS-arousal index ( r = 0.22 , p = 0.033 ) but not with the PLMS index in Group 1 while no correlation was found in Group 2 . change of the IRLS score under treatment in Group 1 correlated significantly both with the change of the PLMS index ( r = 0.42 , p < 0.001 ) and the change of the PLMS-arousal index ( r = 0.38 , p < 0.001 ) . IRLS adequately reflects treatment changes of PLMS indices . unmedicated patients , the IRLS correlates with PLMS indices probably only in selected RLS populations with predefined PSG criteria and high PLM activity . IRLS is an appropriate subjective rating scale for measuring treatment effects in RLS ."
4061,Abstract #4061,"there is a general paucity of published pharmacokinetic ( PK ) data for new antiepileptic drugs ( AEDs ) , PK analyses of pooled data from clinical studies of perampanel have recently been presented . present PK/pharmacodynamic ( PD ) analyses of pooled data from phase III studies of perampanel describing efficacy and safety as a function of exposure , in order to determine whether a predictable concentration-effect relationship exists for perampanel efficacy and/or adverse events ( AEs ) . effects of concomitant enzyme-inducing AEDs ( EIAEDs ) and non-enzyme-inducing AEDs on the exposure , efficacy , and safety of perampanel are also considered . multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled phase III studies investigated the efficacy and safety of perampanel 2-12 mg in patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures despite prior therapy with two or more AEDs . baseline onward , patients also received ongoing treatment with stable doses of one to three approved concomitant AEDs . were monitored throughout the studies . from baseline in seizure frequency and 50 % responder rates were evaluated . to perampanel was predicted based on the actual ( last ) dose using a previously established PK model . population PK/PD model for the relationship between perampanel exposure and seizure frequency was estimated using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling with first-order conditional estimation , whereas logistic analyses for responder rate and AEs were performed using SAS analysis software . PK/PD population included 1,109 patients . frequency decreased linearly as predicted perampanel average steady-state plasma concentrations increased . EIAEDs ( carbamazepine , oxcarbazepine , and phenytoin ) reduced exposure to perampanel but had no effect on the slope of the PD model-predicted relationship between exposure and reduction in seizure frequency . probability of patients achieving a response was predicted to increase as perampanel average plasma concentration at steady state increased . demographic , AED , region , or study covariate had any effect on the probability of achieving a positive treatment response to perampanel or on the slope of the exposure-response curve . the phase III studies , there were reports of dizziness ( 32.9 % ) , somnolence ( 21.7 % ) , fatigue ( 13.9 % ) , irritability ( 12.3 % ) , gait disturbance ( 9.1 % ) , weight increase ( 6.1 % ) , dysarthria ( 4.5 % ) , and euphoric mood ( 0.5 % ) ; the model-predicted probability of these AEs increased significantly at higher exposure to perampanel ( all p < 0.001 ) . was no effect of demographic variables or region on the probability of experiencing any of the AEs analyzed . and PD analyses have played a pivotal role in the clinical development of perampanel as an adjunctive treatment for pharmacoresistant partial-onset seizures . III data suggest that a significant relationship exists between increases in perampanel plasma concentration ( i.e. , systemic exposure ) and reductions in seizure frequency . addition , increases in perampanel plasma concentration may potentially be associated with increases in AE rates . model-predicted concentration-safety profile of perampanel does not appear to be affected by patient age , gender , or ethnicity . concomitant EIAEDs may influence perampanel PK , they do not appear to alter the relationship between perampanel plasma concentration and seizure frequency . these relationships between perampanel plasma concentration and clinical response will be valuable in utilizing this novel AED ."
4062,Abstract #4062,"evaluate the monolayer wide-edge continuous suture anastomosis in order to explore the method to prevent or reduce the frequency of anastomotic fistula and stenosis . esophageal cancer patients were divided into two groups : 468 by monolayer wide-edge continuous suture anastomosis with absorbable suture at esophagogastrostomy ; while the other 468 by regular interrupted suture anastomosis with silk thread as control . complication such as anastomotic fistula and stenosis in two groups were compared . the group treated by monolayer wide-edge continuous suture anastomosis , there were 1 fistula ( 0.2 % ) and 1 stenosis ( 0.2 % ) versus 8 fistula ( 1.9 % ) and 11 stenosis ( 2.4 % ) in the control group . was a statistically significant difference between two guoups was observed ( P < 0.05 ) . wide-edge continuous suture anastomosis at esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer patient may effectively prevent or reduce the frequency of anastomotic fistula and stenosis ."
4063,Abstract #4063,"is often used to treat patients with chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome ( PFPS ) . there is a lack of evidence , we conducted a randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy of arthroscopy in patients with chronic PFPS . total of 56 patients with chronic PFPS were randomized into two treatment groups : an arthroscopy group ( N = 28 ) , treated with knee arthroscopy and an 8-week home exercise program , and a control group ( N = 28 ) , treated with the 8-week home exercise program only . arthroscopy included finding-specific surgical procedures according to current recommendations . primary outcome was the Kujala score on patellofemoral pain and function at 9 months following randomization . outcomes were visual analog scales ( VASs ) to assess activity-related symptoms . also estimated the direct healthcare costs . groups showed marked improvement during the follow-up . mean improvement in the Kujala score was 12.9 ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 8.2-17 .6 ) in the arthroscopy group and 11.4 ( 95 % CI 6.9-15 .8 ) in the control group . , there was no difference between the groups in mean improvement in the Kujala score ( group difference 1.1 ( 95 % CI -7.4 - 5.2 ) ) or in any of the VAS scores . direct healthcare costs in the arthroscopy group were estimated to exceed on average those of the control group by euro901 per patient ( p < 0.001 ) . this controlled trial involving patients with chronic PFPS , the outcome when arthroscopy was used in addition to a home exercise program was no better than when the home exercise program was used alone . Controlled Trials ISRCTN 41800323 ."
4064,Abstract #4064,"vibration ( WBV ) has been recently suggested as an alternative form of exercise . this study , the acute effects of a single session of WBV exercise on anabolic hormones in aged individuals were analysed . randomised cross-over trial design was used . Department , Woodend Hospital . individuals ( 9 men and 11 women ; median age 70 years ( range 66 to 85 years ) volunteered in the experiment . Isometric squat on a platform with vibration or no vibration ( control ) conditions . cortisol , testosterone , growth hormone ( GH ) and insulin-like growth factor 1 ( IGF-1 ) were measured before , immediately after , and 1 and 2 h after the interventions . significant difference between treatments ( p < 0.001 ) and a time x treatment interaction ( p < 0.05 ) was found in IGF-1 levels . levels were shown not to be significantly different between treatments ( p = 0.43 ) , but a difference over time ( p < 0.001 ) and a time6 treatment interaction ( p < 0.05 ) were identified . significant differences were identified in GH and testosterone levels . shown by the results of the study , 5 min of WBV exercise characterised by static squat with a frequency of 30 Hz can be performed by older individuals without apparent signs of stress and/or fatigue . , WBV produced an acute increase in the circulating levels IGF-1 and cortisol greater than that observed following the same exercise protocol conducted without vibration ."
4065,Abstract #4065,"studies with ambiguous results have examined the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) on thyroid function . study aimed to establish the effects of fluoxetine and sertraline treatments on thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in patients with major depression and primary hypothyroidism and in patients with major depression and normal thyroid function . was a prospective , controlled , intervention study involving 67 subjects : 28 patients with major depression and hypothyroidism on adequate levothyroxine therapy randomized for treatment with fluoxetine ( n = 13 ) or sertraline ( n = 15 ) ; 29 patients with major depression and normal thyroid function treated with fluoxetine ( n = 15 ) or sertraline ( n = 14 ) and 10 control patients with hypothyroidism on adequate levothyroxine therapy without depression . outcome measures included thyrotropin , thyroxine ( T ( 4 ) ) , free thyroxine , triiodothyronine ( T ( 3 ) ) , anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies , and Hamilton depression ( HAM-D ) rating scale . with normal thyroid function who were treated with fluoxetine demonstrated a significant reduction of T ( 3 ) after 15 and 30 days of treatment ( p = 0.034 and p = 0.011 ) and a significant reduction of T ( 4 ) throughout the intervention period ( p = 0.04 after 15 days ; p = 0.015 after 30 days ; and p = 0.029 after 90 days ) . , all thyroid parameters remained within the euthyroid range . changes were observed among hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine replacement therapy who were treated with either SSRI . degree of improvement in depression symptoms ( HAM-D rating scale ) after 90 days of SSRI treatment was correlated with T ( 3 ) levels reduction among patients with normal thyroid function randomized for sertraline and among patients with hypothyroidism randomized for fluoxetine . ( 3 ) levels remained within the euthyroid range during the study period . fluoxetine nor sertraline was associated with clinically significant changes in thyroid function or thyroid autoimmunity in either primary hypothyroid or normal thyroid function patients with depression . , results suggest that patients with normal thyroid function who were treated with fluoxetine are more susceptible to minor changes within the serotoninergic system than patients with hypothyroidism on the same SSRI therapy . the best of our knowledge , this is the first study to demonstrate the safety of administering SSRIs in hypothyroid patients ."
4066,Abstract #4066,"study was designed to identify factors that predict adherence by African American men to prostate cancer education and early detection . the spring of 1995 , the authors identified 548 African American men who were patients at the University Health Services of the University of Chicago , were ages 40-70 years , and did not have a personal history of prostate cancer . telephone survey data were collected from 413 men ( 75 % ) . were randomly assigned to either a minimal or an enhanced intervention group . in the former group were mailed a letter and a reminder that invited them to a urology clinic for prostate cancer education and early detection . in the enhanced intervention group were sent the same correspondence and were also given print material and telephone contacts , which were tailored to each recipient . was significantly higher ( OR = 2.6 , CI : 1.7-3 .9 ) in the enhanced intervention group than in the minimal intervention group ( 51 % and 29 % , respectively ) . who were age 50 years or older ( OR = 1.7 , CI : 1.1-2 .8 ) , were married ( OR = 1.8 , CI : 1.2-2 .9 ) , believed that prostate cancer early detection examination should be performed in the absence of symptoms ( OR = 2.3 , CI : 1.3-4 .0 ) , and self-reported an intention to have an early detection examination ( OR = 1.9 , CI : 1.2-2 .9 ) were also more likely to adhere . tailored behavioral intervention can influence adherence to prostate cancer early detection among African American men . background and cognitive and psychosocial characteristics may also affect behavior . studies should assess the impact of this type of intervention on cognitive and psychologic correlates of decision-making and behavior along the continuum of prostate cancer care . See editorial on pages 1-2 , this issue . ]"
4067,Abstract #4067,"residual volumes ( RV ) , considered a marker for the risk of aspiration , are used to regulate the delivery of enteral tube feeding . designed this prospective study to validate such use . ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in the medical , coronary , or surgical intensive care units in a university-based tertiary care hospital , placed on intragastric enteral tube feeding through nasogastric or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes , were included in this study . were fed Probalance ( Nestle USA ) to provide 25 kcal/kg per day ( to which 10 yellow microscopic beads and 4.5 mL of blue food coloring per 1,500 mL was added ) . were randomized to one of two groups based on management of RV : cessation of enteral tube feeding for RV > 400 mL in study patients or for RV > 200 mL in controls . Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation ( APACHE ) III , bowel function score , and aspiration risk score were determined . evaluations were done every 4 hrs for 3 days to measure RV , to detect blue food coloring , to check patient position , and to collect secretions from the trachea and oropharynx . events were defined by the detection of yellow color in tracheal/oropharyngeal samples by fluorometry . was done by analysis of variance , Spearman 's correlation , Student 's t-test , Tukey 's method , and Cochran-Armitage test . patients ( mean age , 44.6 yrs ; range , 18-88 yrs ; 70 % male ; mean APACHE III score , 40.9 [ range , 12-85 ] ) were evaluated ( 21 on nasogastric , 19 on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeds ) and entered into the study . on 1,118 samples ( 531 oral , 587 tracheal ) , the mean frequency of regurgitation per patient was 31.3 % ( range , 0 % to 94 % ) , with a mean RV for all regurgitation events of 35.1 mL ( range , 0-700 mL ) . mean frequency of aspiration per patient was 22.1 % ( range , 0 % to 94 % ) , with a mean RV for all aspiration events of 30.6 mL ( range , 0-700 mL ) . median RV for both regurgitation and aspiration events was 5 mL . a wide range of RV , increasing from 0 mL to > 400 mL , the frequency of regurgitation and aspiration did not change appreciably . risk and bowel function scores did not correlate with the incidence of aspiration or regurgitation . food coloring was detected on only three of the 1,118 ( 0.27 % ) samples . was < or = 50 mL on 84.1 % and > 400 mL on 1.4 % of bedside evaluations . for detecting aspiration per designated RV were as follows : 400 mL = 1.5 % ; 300 mL = 2.3 % ; 200 mL = 3.0 % ; and 150 mL = 4.5 % . RV did not assure the absence of events , because the frequency of aspiration was 23.0 % when RV was < 150 mL . the designated RV for cessation of enteral tube feeding from 200 mL to 400 mL did not increase the risk , because the frequency of aspiration was no different between controls ( 21.6 % ) and study patients ( 22.6 % ) . frequency of regurgitation was significantly less for patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes compared with those with nasogastric tubes ( 20.3 % vs. 40.7 % , respectively ; p = .046 ) . was no correlation between the incidence of pneumonia and the frequency of regurgitation or aspiration . food coloring should not be used as a clinical monitor . nasogastric tubes to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes may be a successful strategy to reduce the risk of aspiration . appropriate designated RV level to identify aspiration could be derived as a result of poor sensitivity over a wide range of RV . results do not support the conventional use of RV as a marker for the risk of aspiration ."
4068,Abstract #4068,"mellitus is an increasingly prevalent metabolic disorder that is associated with substantial disease burden . has an opportunity to improve ways of caring for the growing number of people with diabetes , but this may require changes to the way care is funded , organised and delivered . inform how best to care for people with diabetes , and to identify the extent of change that is required to achieve this , the Diabetes Care Project ( DCP ) will evaluate the impact of two different , evidence-based models of care ( compared to usual care ) on clinical quality , patient and provider experience , and cost . DCP uses a pragmatic , cluster randomised controlled trial design . general practices that are situated within any of the seven Australian Medicare Locals/Divisions of General Practice that have agreed to take part in the study were invited to participate . practices will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups for approximately 18 to 22 months : ( a ) control group ( usual care ) ; ( b ) Intervention 1 ( which tests improvements that could be made within the current funding model , facilitated through the use of an online chronic disease management network ) ; or ( c ) Intervention 2 ( which includes the same components as Intervention 1 , as well as altered funding to support voluntary patient registration with their practice , incentive payments and a care facilitator ) . patients who attend the enrolled practices and have established ( 12 month 's duration ) type 1 diabetes mellitus or newly diagnosed or established type 2 diabetes mellitus are invited to participate . outcomes will be studied , including changes in glycosylated haemoglobin ( primary outcome ) , changes in other biochemical and clinical metrics , incidence of diabetes-related complications , quality of life , clinical depression , success of tailored care , patient and practitioner satisfaction , and budget sustainability . project responds to a need for robust evidence of the clinical and economic effectiveness of coordinated care for the management of diabetes in the Australian primary care setting . outcomes of the study will have implications not only for diabetes management , but also for the management of other chronic diseases , both in Australia and overseas . New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12612000363886 ) ; World Health Organisation ( U1111-1128-0481 ) ."
4069,Abstract #4069,"of labor , an increasingly common intervention , is often preceded by the application of an agent to `` prime '' or `` ripen '' the cervix . conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare clinical , economic , and psychosocial outcomes of inpatient and outpatient cervical priming before induction of labor . this paper we present the psychosocial outcomes . participating in a randomized controlled trial in two Australian metropolitan teaching hospitals completed questionnaires to measure anxiety and depression at enrollment , and to examine satisfaction , experiences , depression , and infant feeding 7 weeks after giving birth . analysis was by intention to treat and by having received the intervention as intended ( approximately 50 % in each group ) . 1,004 eligible women , 85 percent consented ( n = 407 , outpatient ; n = 414 inpatient ) . statistically significant or clinically relevant differences were found in immediate anxiety , depression , or infant feeding . , statistically significant differences favoring outpatient priming were found in seven of the nine subscales in the 7-week postpartum questionnaire . direction of the effect was maintained , mostly with a larger effect size in women who received the intervention . allocated to outpatient priming were more satisfied with their priming experience than women allocated to inpatient priming . informed that they could go home after cervical priming did not increase women 's anxiety ."
4070,Abstract #4070,"management of infant temperature requires appropriate placement of temperature monitoring probes . , there is a lack of consensus regarding placement of skin temperature probes and the effect on temperature monitoring of the infant 's lying on the probe . objective of this study was to compare abdomen and back skin temperatures when infants were positioned supine and prone . quasi-experimental design was used to randomize infants to prone or supine position . back , abdomen , and axillary temperatures were measured at one-minute intervals with small disposable thermocouples over a one-hour period . infants , weight 820-2 ,400 gm , gestational age 27-37 weeks , postnatal age three to ten days . between abdomen and back temperature . mean abdomen and mean back temperatures differed significantly by position ( t-test , p = .003 and .028 , respectively ) . and postnatal age did not have an effect on the mean difference between abdomen and back temperature . indicate that probe placement and infant positioning are important factors altering measurement of skin temperature ."
4071,Abstract #4071,"between glutamatergic and endocannabinoid systems may contribute to schizophrenia , dissociative states , and other psychiatric conditions . ( CBD ) , a cannabinoid-1 / 2 ( CB1/2 ) receptor weak partial agonist or antagonist , may play a role in the treatment of schizophrenia . study tested the hypothesis that CBD would attenuate the behavioral effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist , ketamine , in healthy human subjects . male healthy volunteers were evaluated twice in a randomized order . both sessions they received ketamine ( bolus of 0.26 mg/kg/1 min followed by IV infusion of 0.25 mg/kg over 30 min ) preceded by either CBD ( 600 mg ) or placebo . was assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ( BPRS ) and the CADSS ( Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale ) at regular intervals from 30 min before to 90 min after ketamine administration . significantly augmented the activating effects of ketamine , as measured by the activation subscales of the BPRS . , CBD also showed a non-significant trend to reduce ketamine-induced depersonalization , as measured by the CADSS . data describe a complex pattern of psychopharmacologic interactions between CBD and ketamine at the doses of each agent studied in this experiment ."
4072,Abstract #4072,"investigate whether dance intervention influenced self-rated health for adolescent girls with internalizing problems . controlled intervention trial with follow-up measures at 8 , 12 , and 20 months after baseline . Swedish city with a population of 130 000 . aged 13 to 18 years with internalizing problems , ie , stress and psychosomatic symptoms . total of 59 girls were randomized to the intervention group and 53 were randomized to the control group . intervention comprised dance classes twice weekly during 8 months . dance class lasted 75 minutes and the focus was on the joy of movement , not on performance . health was the primary outcome ; secondary outcomes were adherence to and experience of the intervention . dance intervention group improved their self-rated health more than the control group at all follow-ups . baseline , the mean score on a 5-point scale was 3.32 for the dance intervention group and 3.75 for the control group . difference in mean change was 0.30 ( 95 % CI , -0.01 to 0.61 ) at 8 months , 0.62 ( 95 % CI , 0.25 to 0.99 ) at 12 months , and 0.40 ( 95 % CI , 0.04 to 0.77 ) at 20 months . the girls in the intervention group , 67 % had an attendance rate of 50 % to 100 % . total of 91 % of the girls rated the dance intervention as a positive experience . 8-month dance intervention can improve self-rated health for adolescent girls with internalizing problems . improvement remained a year after the intervention ."
4073,Abstract #4073,"and associated side effects often occur with antipsychotics . authors investigated the effect of adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole on hyperprolactinemia and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia maintained with haloperidol . patients with hyperprolactinemia taking haloperidol were enrolled . dose was fixed ; aripiprazole was dosed at 15 mg/day for the first 4 weeks , then 30 mg/day for the following 4 weeks . prolactin , haloperidol , and aripiprazole levels were measured . and side effects were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ( BPRS ) , Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms , Clinical Global Impression symptom scale , Simpson-Angus Rating Scale , and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale at weeks 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 . levels of patients receiving aripiprazole significantly decreased over time , demonstrating a significant time effect and a time-by-group interaction . the aripiprazole group , 88.5 % of patients at week 8 had prolactin levels normalize compared to 3.6 % of patients receiving placebo . 11 female patients with menstrual disturbances randomly assigned to aripiprazole , seven patients regained menstruation during the study , whereas none receiving placebo did . levels of haloperidol were not significantly altered . significant time effect and time-by-group interactions on BPRS , Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms , and Simpson-Angus Rating Scale scores were noted . aripiprazole treatment reversed hyperprolactinemia in both sexes , resulting in reinstatement of menstruation in female patients , with no significant effects on psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms . has higher affinity to dopamine D ( 2 ) receptors than haloperidol , which is the likely cause of this observation ."
4074,Abstract #4074,"assess the 1-year efficacy and safety of a regimen of tocilizumab plus methotrexate or placebo , which was augmented by a treat-to-target strategy from week 24 . was a double-blind , 3-year trial . with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate were randomised to add tocilizumab to ongoing methotrexate ( add-on strategy ) or to switch to tocilizumab plus placebo ( switch strategy ) . 8 mg/kg was administered every 4 weeks . open-label disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ( DMARDs ) other than methotrexate were added at week 24 or later in patients with DAS28 > 3.2 . patients were randomised ; 85 % completed 52 weeks . proportion of patients receiving open-label DMARDs was comparable in the add-on ( 29 % ) and switch ( 33 % ) arms . , week 24 results were maintained or further improved at week 52 in both arms . endpoints favoured the add-on strategy . changes in Genant-modified Sharp scores were small ; more add-on ( 92.8 % ) than switch patients ( 86.1 % ) had no radiographic progression . week 52 , comparable numbers of patients had antidrug antibodies ( ADAs ; 1.5 % and 2.2 % of add-on and switch patients , respectively ) and neutralising ADAs ( 0.7 % and 1.8 % ) . of serious adverse events and serious infections per 100 patient-year ( PY ) were 11.3 and 4.5 in add-on and 16.8 and 5.5 in switch patients . patients with normal baseline values , alanine aminotransferase elevations > 3 upper limit of normal were observed in 11 % of add-on and 3 % of switch patients . a trend favouring the add-on strategy , these data suggest that both tocilizumab add-on and switch strategies led to meaningful clinical and radiographic responses ."
4075,Abstract #4075,"assess the safety of diclofenac during pregnancy . prospective observational cohort study , evaluating follow-up data of women who contacted Teratology Information Services to get counseling . exposed group included 145 pregnant women who were exposed to diclofenac between the 5th and the 14th gestational week . contemporary control group ( 501 women ) was randomly selected from among patients who contacted Teratology Information Services with regard to exposures to agents known not to be teratogenic during a similar period of pregnancy . birth malformations were not more common in the study group than in the control group ( p = 0.07 ) . study suggests that the use of diclofenac is relatively safe during the first trimester of pregnancy and the studied sample size makes it possible to exclude a risk of congenital malformation higher than 3.3 , with a power of 80 % ."
4076,Abstract #4076,"affect multiple physiological responses , including sexual behaviors . is a synthetic peptide melanocortin analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that is an agonist at melanocortin receptors MC3R and MC4R . evaluate a single intranasal dose of bremelanotide for potential effects on physiological and subjective measurements of sexual arousal and desire in premenopausal women with sexual arousal disorder . in vaginal pulse amplitude during neutral and erotic videos after treatment with bremelanotide or placebo and subjects ' perceptions of physiological and sexual response within 24 hours of treatment with bremelanotide or placebo . premenopausal women with a primary diagnosis of female sexual arousal disorder were randomly assigned to receive a single intranasal dose of 20 mg bremelanotide or matching placebo in a double-blind manner during the first in-clinic treatment session , and the alternate medication during the second in-clinic treatment session . each session , subjects viewed a 20-minute neutral video followed by a 20-minute sexually explicit video . photoplethysmography was used to monitor vaginal vasocongestion and questionnaires were used to evaluate perceptions of sexual response within the following 24-hour period . women reported moderate or high sexual desire following bremelanotide treatment vs. placebo ( P = 0.0114 ) , and a trend toward more positive responses regarding feelings of genital arousal occurred after bremelanotide compared with placebo ( P = 0.0833 ) . women who attempted sexual intercourse within 24 hours after treatment , significantly more were satisfied with their level of sexual arousal following bremelanotide , compared with placebo ( P = 0.0256 ) . vasocongestion did not change significantly while viewing erotic videos following bremelanotide administration compared with placebo . preliminary evaluation suggests the potential for bremelanotide to positively affect desire and arousal in women with female sexual arousal disorder and indicates that bremelanotide is a promising candidate for further evaluation in an at-home study ."
4077,Abstract #4077,"determine the influence of dietary glycemic index on exercise training-induced adaptations in substrate oxidation in obesity . older , obese individuals undertook 3 months of fully supervised aerobic exercise and were randomized to low - ( LoGIX ) or high-glycemic ( HiGIX ) diets . in indirect calorimetry ( VO2 ; VCO2 ) were assessed at rest , during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp , and during submaximal exercise ( walking : 65 % VO2 max , 200 kcal energy expenditure ) . lipid ( IMCL ) was measured by ( 1 ) H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy . loss ( -8.6 1.1 % ) and improvements ( P < 0.05 ) in VO2 max , glycemic control , fasting lipemia , and metabolic flexibility were similar for both LoGIX and HiGIX groups . submaximal exercise , energy expenditure was higher following the intervention ( P < 0.01 ) in both groups . exchange ratio during exercise was unchanged in the LoGIX group but increased in the HiGIX group ( P < 0.05 ) . , fat oxidation during exercise expressed in relation to changes in body weight was increased in the LoGIX group ( +10.6 3.6 % ; P < 0.05 ) . IMCL was unchanged , however , extramyocellular lipid was reduced ( P < 0.05 ) after LoGIX . LoGIX/exercise weight-loss intervention increased fat utilization during exercise independent of changes in energy expenditure . highlights the potential therapeutic value of low-glycemic foods for reversing metabolic defects in obesity ."
4078,Abstract #4078,"window of opportunity has been suggested for reducing the risk of celiac disease by introducing gluten to infants at 4 to 6 months of age . performed a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled dietary-intervention study involving 944 children who were positive for HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 and had at least one first-degree relative with celiac disease . 16 to 24 weeks of age , 475 participants received 100 mg of immunologically active gluten daily , and 469 received placebo . type 2 and antigliadin antibodies were periodically measured . primary outcome was the frequency of biopsy-confirmed celiac disease at 3 years of age . disease was confirmed by means of biopsies in 77 children . avoid underestimation of the frequency of celiac disease , 3 additional children who received a diagnosis of celiac disease according to the 2012 European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology , Hepatology , and Nutrition diagnostic criteria ( without having undergone biopsies ) were included in the analyses ( 80 children ; median age , 2.8 years ; 59 % were girls ) . cumulative incidence of celiac disease among patients 3 years of age was 5.2 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 3.6 to 6.8 ) , with similar rates in the gluten group and the placebo group ( 5.9 % [ 95 % CI , 3.7 to 8.1 ] and 4.5 % [ 95 % CI , 2.5 to 6.5 ] , respectively ; hazard ratio in the gluten group , 1.23 ; 95 % CI , 0.79 to 1.91 ) . of elevated levels of anti-transglutaminase type 2 and antigliadin antibodies were also similar in the two study groups ( 7.0 % [ 95 % CI , 4.7 to 9.4 ] in the gluten group and 5.7 % [ 95 % CI , 3.5 to 7.9 ] in the placebo group ; hazard ratio , 1.14 ; 95 % CI , 0.76 to 1.73 ) . , regardless of whether it was exclusive or whether it was ongoing during gluten introduction , did not significantly influence the development of celiac disease or the effect of the intervention . compared with placebo , the introduction of small quantities of gluten at 16 to 24 weeks of age did not reduce the risk of celiac disease by 3 years of age in this group of high-risk children . Funded by the European Commission and others ; PreventCD Current Controlled Trials number , ISRCTN74582487 . )"
4079,Abstract #4079,"with i.v. iron in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF ) and iron deficiency ( ID ) improves symptoms , functional capacity , and quality of life . sought to investigate whether these beneficial outcomes are independent of anaemia . randomized 459 patients with CHF [ NYHA class II or III , LVEF 40 % ( NYHA II ) or 45 % ( NYHA III ) ] and ID to i.v. iron as ferric carboxymaltose ( FCM ) or placebo in a 2:1 ratio . analysed the efficacy and safety according to the presence or absence of anaemia ( haemoglobin 120 g/L ) at baseline . 459 patients , 232 had anaemia at baseline ( 51 % ) . effect of FCM on the primary endpoints of self-reported Patient Global Assessment ( PGA ) and NYHA class at week 24 was similar in patients with and without anaemia [ odds ratio ( OR ) for improvement , 2.48 vs. 2.60 , P = 0.97 for PGA and 1.90 vs. 3.39 , P = 0.51 for NYHA ) . were also similar for the secondary endpoints , including PGA and NYHA at weeks 4 and 12 , 6 min walk test distance , Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall score , and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions Visual Analogue Scale at most time points . safety , no differences were noticed in the rates of death or first hospitalization between FCM and placebo both in anaemic and in non-anaemic patients . of ID with FCM in patients with CHF is equally efficacious and shows a similar favourable safety profile irrespective of anaemia . status should be assessed in symptomatic CHF patients both with and without anaemia and treatment of ID should be considered ."
4080,Abstract #4080,"has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis for patients with primary breast cancer ( BC ) regardless of the use of adjuvant systemic therapy . is a retrospective analysis of 2,887 node-positive BC patients enrolled in the BIG 02-98 adjuvant study , a randomised phase III trial whose primary objective was to evaluate disease-free survival ( DFS ) by adding docetaxel to doxorubicin-based chemotherapy . the current analysis , the effect of body mass index ( BMI ) on DFS and overall survival ( OS ) was assessed . was obtained before the first cycle of chemotherapy . was defined as a BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 . total , 547 ( 19 % ) patients were obese at baseline , while 2,340 ( 81 % ) patients were non-obese . 5-year OS was 87.5 % for non-obese and 82.9 % for obese patients ( HR 1.34 ; P = 0.013 ) . 5-years DFS was 75.9 % for nonobese and 70.0 % for obese patients ( HR 1.20 ; P = 0.041 ) . multivariate model , obesity remained an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS . this study , obesity was associated with poorer outcome in node-positive BC patients . the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide , more research on improving the treatment of obese BC patients is needed ."
4081,Abstract #4081,"postpartum haemorrhage is an obstetrical emergency often causing acute anaemia that may require immediate red blood cell ( RBC ) transfusion . anaemia results in symptoms such as fatigue , which may have major impact on the health-related quality of life . transfusion is generally thought to alleviate these undesirable effects although it may cause transfusion reactions . , the postpartum haemoglobin level seems to influence fatigue only for a short period of time . present , there are no strict transfusion criteria for this specific indication , resulting in a wide variation in postpartum policy of RBC transfusion in the Netherlands . WOMB trial is a multicentre randomised non-inferiority trial . with acute anaemia due to postpartum haemorrhage , 12-24 hours after delivery and not initially treated with RBC transfusion , are eligible for randomisation . with severe physical complaints are excluded . are randomised for either RBC transfusion or expectant management . related quality of life ( HRQoL ) will be assessed at inclusion , at three days and one , three and six weeks postpartum with three validated measures ( Multi-dimensional Fatigue Inventory , ShortForm-36 , EuroQol-5D ) . outcome of the study is physical fatigue three days postpartum . outcome measures are general and mental fatigue scores and generic health related quality of life scores , the number of RBC transfusions , length of hospital stay , complications and health-care costs . primary analysis will be by intention-to-treat . various longitudinal scores will be evaluated using Repeated Measurements ANOVA . costs benefit analysis will also be performed . power calculation is based on the exclusion of a difference in means of 1.3 points or greater in favour of RBC transfusion arm regarding physical fatigue subscale . missing data not exceeding 20 % , 250 patients per arm have to be randomised ( one-sided alpha = 0.025 , power = 80 % ) . study will provide evidence for a guideline regarding RBC transfusion in the postpartum patient suffering from acute anaemia . in fatigue score , remaining HRQoL scores and physical complications between both groups is assumed , in which case an expectant management would be preferred to minimise transfusion reactions and costs ."
4082,Abstract #4082,"stents result in significant morbidity in many patients . have altered stent design and composition to minimize symptoms . Polaris stent is made of a Percuflex combination , providing a firm proximal aspect with a softer distal aspect to minimize symptoms . this prospective , randomized study we compared symptoms and quality of life after stent insertion to determine whether this stent is better tolerated than the InLay stent . September 2002 and September 2006 we randomized 159 patients requiring stent insertion for stone disease to receive the InLay or the Polaris ureteral stent . were asked to complete the validated Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire 2 weeks after stent insertion and 1 week after removal . total of 98 patients completed and returned each questionnaire , including 45 with the InLay and 53 with the Polaris . were no significant differences between the groups on any health domain assessed . the InLay and Polaris groups 91 % and 94 % of patients experienced pain with the stent in situ , which decreased to 40 % and 43 % , respectively , after stent removal . urinary symptom score with the stent in situ was equal in the 2 groups ( 32 , maximum 55 ) . the InLay and Polaris groups 60 % and 66 % of patients , respectively , would be against receiving a further stent due to symptoms ( p = 0.79 ) . Polaris stent , designed with the specific aim of improving urinary symptoms and pain associated with ureteral stents , continues to have a significant detrimental effect on patient quality of life ."
4083,Abstract #4083,"! a standardized validated decision aid that projects outcomes in operable breast cancer based on classical clinicopathologic features and therapy . classifiers offer the potential to more accurately identify individuals who benefit from chemotherapy than clinicopathologic features . sample of 465 patients with hormone receptor ( HR ) - positive breast cancer with zero to three positive axillary nodes who did ( n = 99 ) or did not have recurrence after chemohormonal therapy had tumor tissue evaluated using a 21-gene assay . grade and HR expression were evaluated locally and in a central laboratory . Score ( RS ) was a highly significant predictor of recurrence , including node-negative and node-positive disease ( P < .001 for both ) and when adjusted for other clinical variables . also predicted recurrence more accurately than clinical variables when integrated by an algorithm modeled after Adjuvant ! was adjusted to 5-year outcomes . 5-year recurrence rate was only 5 % or less for the estimated 46 % of patients who have a low RS ( < 18 ) . 21-gene assay was a more accurate predictor of relapse than standard clinical features for individual patients with HR-positive operable breast cancer treated with chemohormonal therapy and provides information that is complementary to features typically used in anatomic staging , such as tumor size and lymph node involvement . 21-gene assay may be used to select low-risk patients for abbreviated chemotherapy regimens similar to those used in our study or high-risk patients for more aggressive regimens or clinical trials evaluating novel treatments ."
4084,Abstract #4084,"tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) has previously been shown to induce airway neutrophilia and increased airway reactivity in normal subjects . was hypothesised that a similar challenge would increase airway reactivity in those with mild asthma , but that the inflammatory profile may differ . mild asthmatic subjects were recruited on the basis of clinical asthma and either a sensitivity to methacholine within the range defined for asthma or a 20 % improvement in forced expiratory volume ( FEV ( 1 ) ) after 200 micro g salbutamol . inhaled either vehicle control or 60 ng recombinant human ( rh ) TNF alpha and were studied at baseline , 6 , 24 , and 48 hours later . included spirometric parameters , methacholine provocative concentration causing a 20 % fall in FEV ( 1 ) ( PC ( 20 ) ) , induced sputum differential cell count , relative sputum level of mRNA of interleukins ( IL ) -4 , IL-5 , IL-9 , IL-14 , IL-15 and TNF alpha , and the exhaled gaseous markers of inflammation , nitric oxide and carbon monoxide . ( 20 ) showed an increase in sensitivity after TNF alpha compared with control ( p < 0.01 ) . mean percentage of neutrophils increased at 24-48 hours ( 24 hour control : 1.1 ( 95 % CI 0.4 to 2.7 ) v 9.2 ( 95 % CI 3.5 to 14.9 ) , p < 0.05 ) , and there was also a rise in eosinophils ( p = 0.05 ) . levels of sputum mRNA suggested a rise in expression of TNF alpha , IL-14 , and IL-15 , but no change in IL-4 and IL-5 . parameters and exhaled gases showed no significant change . increase in airway responsiveness and sputum inflammatory cell influx in response to rhTNF alpha indicates that TNF alpha may contribute to the airway inflammation that characterises asthma ."
4085,Abstract #4085,"determine whether combination hormone therapy ( HT ) significantly alters lipoprotein composition in healthy African American women . African American women , 45 to 65 years old , were randomly assigned to receive daily HT ( conjugated equine estrogen , 0.625 mg , and medroxyprogesterone , 2.5 mg ) or placebo ( treated , 44 ; placebo , 16 ) for 12 weeks . were separated by gradient ultracentrifugation into very-low-density , intermediate-density , and low-density lipoproteins ( VLDL , IDL , and LDL ) and 3 high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) subfractions ( light , medium , and dense -- L , M , and D ) . ( apo ) A-I , A-II , C-III , C-II , and C-I were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography . B , phospholipids , triglycerides , cholesterol , and free cholesterol were measured by standard assays . plasma cholesterol , triglycerides , LDL apo B , and total apo B did not change during HT . small , transient reduction occurred in LDL cholesterol , and a persistent reduction was noted in VLDL apo B , apo C-II , and apo C-III . HDL phospholipids , cholesterol , apo A-I , and apo A-II increased , whereas the LDL/HDL ratio and the apo B/apo A-I ratio decreased . ester increased in both HDL-L and HDL-M , but only a transient increase occurred in HDL-L phospholipids . A-I increased in HDL-L , HDL-M , and HDL-D ; however , a similar increase occurred in HDL-D apo A-I in the control subjects . , an increase occurred in apo A-II in HDL-M . reduction in the apo A-II : A-I ratio in HDL-L but not in HDL-M indicated an increase in HDL-L LpA-I particles . increase in HDL particles in HDL-M was entirely due to an increase in LpA-I : A-II particles . C-III increased in both HDL-L and HDL-M . absence of changes in the HDL lipid ratios indicated an unaltered lipid composition of these particles . changes were found in IDL compositional measurements . 12 treated patients and 4 control subjects , Lp ( a ) was detected by ultracentrifugation ; no changes were noted in Lp ( a ) composition or quantity with HT . Lp ( a ) measured by enzyme immunosorbent assay showed a trend toward an increase in treated patients after 12 weeks of HT . American women had a beneficial response to HT by increasing the number of LpA-I particles in HDL-L and LpA-I : A-II particles in HDL-M as well as cholesterol esters in both . was a small reduction in VLDL apo B ( and thus particle number ) but only a transient reduction in LDL cholesterol . shift of apo C-III from VLDL to HDL was noted . detrimental changes occurred in any lipoprotein subfraction ( specifically , no increase in triglycerides ) ."
4086,Abstract #4086,"is a semisynthetic antibiotic derivative of rifamycin used worldwide for the treatment of various forms of tuberculosis . objective of this study was to compare , under fasting conditions in healthy volunteers , the rate and extent of absorption of a generic rifampicin capsule in oral dosage form versus the proprietary equivalent formulation for the purpose of registration approval of the test formulation . was an open-label , randomized , 2-treatment , 2-way crossover study with an 8-week washout period between the 2 study arms . volunteers received a 300-mg capsule of the test formulation ( Idaman Pharma Manufacturing Sdn . ) or two 150-mg capsules of the reference formulation . samples were collected predose and at 45 minutes and 1.25 , 1.5 , 2 , 2.25 , 2.5 , 3 , 3.5 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , and 24 hours postdose . concentrations of rifampicin and its metabolite , 25-desacetyl rifampicin , were analyzed using a validated HPLC method . formulations were considered bioequivalent if the 90 % CIs for C ( max ) and AUC were within the predetermined bioequivalence range ( 80 % -125 % , according to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration , or 75 % -133 % for Cmax only , as set by the European Commission-European Medicines Agency and the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau of Malaysia ) . was assessed by verbally questioning subjects regarding their well-being and any feelings of discomfort . events reported by the subjects ( serious or mild ) were recorded on adverse-event forms . healthy subjects ( 10 males , 4 females ) with a mean age of 22.6 years ( range , 20-28 years ) and a mean body mass index of 22.2 kg/m ( range , 18.3-29 .9 kg/m ) were enrolled in the study ; all 14 completed the trial as outlined in the protocol . mean values for C ( max ) , T ( max ) , AUC , and AUC ( ) ) with the test formulation of rifampicin were 7.20 g/mL , 1.32 hours , 37.12 g/mL h , and 39.69 g/mL h , respectively ; for the reference formulation , the values were 7.65 g/mL , 1.71 hours , 38.92 g/mL h , and 42.24 g / mL h. For 25-desacetyl rifampicin , the mean values for C ( max ) , T ( max ) , AUC , and AUC ( ) ) with the test formulation were 0.63 g/mL , 3.45 hours , 4.92 g/mL h , and 6.27 g/mL h ; for the reference formulation , the values were 0.7 g/mL , 3.27 hours , 5.23 g/mL h , and 6.84 g/mL h. For rifampicin , the 90 % CIs for the test formulation/reference formulation ratio for the logarithmic transformations of both C ( max ) and AUC ( ) ) were within the bioequivalence limit of 80 % to 125 % ( 80.9109.7 and 80.7-103 .2 , respectively ) . 25-desacetyl rifampicin , the 90 % CI for the test formulation/reference formulation ratio for the logarithmic transformations of AUC ( 80.0-104 .7 ) was within the bioequivalence limit of 80 % to 125 % . , the 90 % CI for C ( max ) ( 78.4-102 .2 ) was outside this limit but still within the acceptance limit for Cmax when adhering to the bioequivalence range of 75 % to 133 % . adverse events were reported during the study . study found that the 300-mg test capsule and the 150-mg reference capsules of rifampicin met the regulatory criteria for assuming bioequivalence in these fasting healthy volunteers . formulations appeared to be well tolerated in the population studied ."
4087,Abstract #4087,"compare the efficacy and safety of a 25-microgram vaginal tablet of misoprostol ( APL202 ) with dinoprostone ( 3-mg vaginal tablet ) in cervical ripening and labour induction . randomised , open-label , noninferiority , comparative study in two maternal populations . NHS study centres across the UK . or multiparous women with a singleton pregnancy eligible for induction of labour . were randomised to receive either misoprostol , initially 25 micrograms ( 50 micrograms in nulliparous women with Bishop score < or = 4 ) followed by 25 micrograms after 4 and 8 hours , or dinoprostone , initially 3 mg followed by 3 mg after 6 hours . noninferiority of misoprostol was defined as an absolute difference between treatments of no more than 10 % for the primary outcome . number of vaginal deliveries achieved within 24 hours of labour induction . and fetal safety outcomes . total of 626 women were randomised to misoprostol ( n = 318 ) or dinoprostone ( n = 308 ) treatment . rate of vaginal deliveries achieved within 24 hours of induction did not significantly differ between the misoprostol and dinoprostone ( 43 versus 47 % ; 3.74 % difference , 95 % CI -3.58 to 11.05 , respectively ) treatment groups . treatments were generally comparable for other secondary efficacy measures . and fetal adverse events were similarly distributed across the misoprostol and dinoprostone groups . misoprostol is efficacious in cervical ripening and labour induction and demonstrates a similar fetal and maternal safety profile to dinoprostone ."
4088,Abstract #4088,"of rosacea is thought to result from abnormal cutaneous vasomotor activity . tartrate ( BT ) is a highly selective ( 2 ) - adrenergic receptor agonist with vasoconstrictive activity . determine the optimal concentration and dose regimen of topical BT gel for the treatment of erythema of rosacea and to evaluate its efficacy and safety . study A , 122 subjects were randomized to receive a single application of BT 007 % , 018 % , 05 % or vehicle . study B ( 4-week treatment and 4-week follow-up ) , 269 subjects were randomized to receive BT 05 % once daily , BT 018 % once daily , vehicle once daily , BT 018 % twice daily or vehicle twice daily . included Clinician 's Erythema Assessment ( CEA ) , Patient 's Self-Assessment ( PSA ) , Chroma Meter measurements and adverse events . study A , a single application of topical BT gel reduced facial erythema in a dose-dependent fashion . significant difference between BT 05 % and vehicle in Chroma Meter redness value was observed from 30min to 12h after application . study B , BT 05 % once daily had a statistically superior success profile ( defined as a two-grade improvement on both CEA and PSA over 12h ) compared with vehicle once daily on days 1 , 15 and 29 ( all P < 0001 ) . tachyphylaxis , rebound of erythema or aggravation of other disease signs ( telangiectasia , inflammatory lesions ) was observed . regimens were safe and well tolerated with similarly low incidence of adverse events . BT gel 05 % is well tolerated and provides significantly greater efficacy than vehicle gel for the treatment of moderate to severe erythema of rosacea ."
4089,Abstract #4089,"a recently reported , randomized trial , it was found that a regimen of irinotecan once every 3 weeks for patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma was associated with a lower incidence of severe diarrhea compared with weekly treatment , and both regimens had similar efficacy . utilization was captured prospectively for all 291 patients who were included in the trial . were estimated by transformation of the global quality-of-life ( QOL ) item on the Eastern Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 instrument . in the every-3-week arm incurred an average incremental cost of $ 1362 , because they received higher average weekly doses and because the every-3-week regimen resulted in less toxicity , allowing delivery of 97 % of the planned doses compared with delivery of only 75 % of the planned doses in the weekly arm . lower toxicity also resulted in offsetting savings from decreased hospitalization and less requirement for supportive medications . treatment administration costs also were lower , because the every-3-week regimen could be delivered with half the number of infusions . declined less in the every-3-week arm , resulting in a saving of 6.3 quality-adjusted days . base-case cost : utility ratio was $ 78,627 per quality-adjusted life year for patients on the every-3-week schedule . , that ratio was very sensitive to the cost of irinotecan . schedule of irinotecan once every 3 weeks schedule was more costly but achieved lower toxicity , resulting in modestly improved utility . cost-per-utility ratio was comparable to other commonly accepted contemporary treatments ."
4090,Abstract #4090,"investigate the effects of two different dosages of conjugated equine estrogen ( CEE ) on preventing bone loss and relieving the symptoms of menopausal syndrome in women at an early stage of menopause . total of 236 postmenopausal women were randomly allocated to one of the following groups : Group A : 0.625 mg CEE + 2 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) + 1 tab Caltrate-D per day ; Group B : 0.3 mg CEE + 2 mg MPA + 1 tab Caltrate-D per day ; Group C : 1 tab Caltrate-D per day as the control group . study was continued for 2 years.The following parameters were monitored : ( 1 ) L2-4 bone mineral density ( BMD ) ( measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DEX ) ) , ( 2 ) menopausal syndrome improvement ( assessed by comparing Kupperman scores ) , ( 3 ) vaginal bleeding rate , and the thickness of the endometrium and breast in each group . , 213 cases ( 90 % ) completed the 1-year study and 176 cases ( 75 % ) completed the 2-year study . percentage changes in L2-4 BMD at the 12th and 24th month in Group A were +2.3 % and +3.7 % , respectively , with the posttreatment values being significantly higher than pretreatment values ( P < 0.001 ) . percentage changes were +2.7 % at 12th month ( P < 0.05 ) and +0.7 % at 24th month ( P > 0.05 ) in Group B. And that of Group C were -0.4 % at 12th month and -1.6 % at 24th month ( P > 0.05 ) . BMD in both Group A and B was significantly higher than that in Group C at 12th and 24th month ( A vs C , P < 0.001 ; B vs C , P < 0.05 ) . Scores were significantly reduced after 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 and 24 months in all 3 groups when compared with baseline ( P < 0.001 ) . in Group A and Group B were significantly lower than that in Group C ( P < 0.001 ) . , the vaginal bleeding rates in Group A were significantly higher than that in Group B or in Group C. was no atypical hyperplasia of endometrium in the 3 groups by the end of the study . patient in Group A developed superficial thrombophlebitis by the end of 12th month . combination of CEE and MPA is effective in preventing bone loss and relieving the symptoms of menopausal syndrome in women at an early stage of menopause . vaginal bleeding rates in the Group treated with 0.625 mg/d CEE were significantly higher than those treated with 0.3 mg/d CEE ."
4091,Abstract #4091,"purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the academic asthma education and counseling Staying Healthy-Asthma Responsible and Prepared ( SHARP ) program on fostering psychosocial acceptance of asthma . was a phase III , two-group , cluster-randomized , single-blinded , longitudinal study . from grades 4 and 5 ( N = 205 ) with asthma and their caregivers completed surveys at pre-intervention and at 1 - , 12 - , and 24-months post-intervention . involved multilevel modeling . students demonstrated significant improvement in aspects of acceptance ; students in SHARP demonstrated significant improvement in openness to sharing and connectedness with teachers over students in the control condition . SHARP program offers a well-tested , effective program for psychosocial acceptance of asthma , which is welcomed by schools ."
4092,Abstract #4092,"sought to clarify the correlates of severity in women with bulimia nervosa . studied 114 bulimic women at entry to a randomized clinical trial . used eight definitions of severity that encompassed the DSM-III-R criteria set for bulimia nervosa ( i.e. , binging , purging , and body dissatisfaction in the current and worst lifetime time frames ) and global functioning and symptomatology . operationalized 28 possible correlates of severity that covered demographic , Axis I psychiatric , personality , family background , symptoms , and neuropsychological domains . used regression techniques to investigate the associations between the correlates and severity indices . regression models were all statistically significant and tended to account for a sizeable proportion of variance . particular , earlier age of onset of bulimia and lower character scores ( measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory ) correlated with greater severity . mean parental care ( from the Parental Bonding Instrument ) , the absence of any lifetime anxiety disorder , and the presence of any lifetime mood disorder emerged as independent correlates in several models . these were hypothesis-generating analyses , confirmation or refutation of these results awaits further study . particular , age of onset of bulimia and personality traits related to character may be important modifiers of the severity of illness in bulimia nervosa ."
4093,Abstract #4093,", various near-infrared vascular imaging devices aimed at facilitating peripheral intravenous cannulation ( PIC ) were introduced , all claiming to increase success rate of PIC . evaluated the clinical utility of a near-infrared vascular imaging device ( VascuLuminator ( ) ) in pediatric patients who were referred to the anesthesiologist because of difficult cannulation . were 226 consecutive children referred to pediatric anesthesiologists by the treating pediatrician of the in - and outpatient clinic , because of difficulties with intravenous cannulation , were included in this cluster randomized clinical trial . presence and use of the near-infrared vascular imaging device for PIC was randomized in clusters of 1 week . at first attempt ( Fisher exact test ) and time to successful cannulation ( Log-rank test ) were assessed to evaluate differences between groups . at first attempt in the group with the VascuLuminator ( ) ( 59 % ) was not significantly different from the control group ( 54 % , P = 0.41 ) , neither was the median time to successful cannulation : 246 s and 300 s , respectively ( P = 0.54 ) . of blood vessels with near-infrared light and with near-infrared vascular imaging device did not improve success of PIC in pediatric patients who are known difficult to cannulate ."
4094,Abstract #4094,"objective was to determine the effect of myofascial techniques on the modulation of physiologic and psychologic variables . ( 41 ) healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group . experimental group underwent 3 manual therapy modalities : suboccipital muscle technique , compression of fourth intracranial ventricle , and deep cervical fascia technique . control group remained in a resting position for the same time period under the same environmental conditions . , heart rate , and systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( BP ) were measured before , during , and after the intervention . and trait anxiety levels and depression level were evaluated before and after the intervention . analysis of variance revealed a significant time x groups interaction [ F = 4.7 ( 1,40 ) ; p = 0.036 ] for state anxiety . were no significant time x group interaction effects for depression [ F = 0.33 ( 1,40 ) ; p = 0.57 ] or trait anxiety [ F = 3.76 ( 1,40 ) , p = 0.060 ] . physiologic parameters , a significant time x group interaction was found for systolic BP [ F = 2.86 ( 6,240 ) ; p = 0.033 ] and heart rate [ F = 2.89 ( 6,240 ) ; p = 0.036 ] . modulation is observed after application of manual therapy techniques , with a decrease in state anxiety in the experimental group . rate and systolic BP were modulated during the course of myofascial induction techniques . of these effects were observed up to 20 minutes after the therapy ."
4095,Abstract #4095,"difficult cases of selective bile duct cannulation , several expanded techniques are available which have only been partially evaluated in randomized studies . study describes a prospective , randomized trial investigating a further technique for obtaining selective biliary access -- pancreatic duct wire placement . a six-month study period , 107 consecutive patients required deep selective biliary cannulation . the bile duct using a catheter failed within 10 min in 53 of the patients , who were randomly assigned to either pre-insertion of a guide wire into the pancreatic duct or persistence with a conventional catheter . success rate and complication rate were compared between these two groups . the pancreatic duct-guide wire group ( n = 27 ) , the success rate was significantly greater than in the conventional group ( 93 % vs 58 % ) . pancreatitis complications occurred within either group . a guide wire into the pancreatic duct to facilitate deep selective bile duct cannulation is better than persisting with a conventional catheter . studies will be needed to confirm these results and to compare this method with other sophisticated techniques for obtaining selective access to the bile duct ."
4096,Abstract #4096,"( AAT ) deficiency is characterized by low blood levels of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor ( alpha-PI ) and may lead to emphysema . protects pulmonary tissue from damage caused by the action of proteolytic enzymes . therapy with Prolastin ( Alpha-Proteinase Inhibitor [ Human ] ) to increase the levels of alpha-PI has been used to treat individuals with AAT deficiency for over 20 years . to the Prolastin manufacturing process , incorporating additional purification and pathogen-reduction steps , have led to the development of an alpha-PI product , designated Prolastin-C ( Alpha-Proteinase inhibitor [ Human ] ) . pharmacokinetic comparability of Prolastin-C to Prolastin was assessed in subjects with AAT deficiency . total , 24 subjects were randomized to receive 60 mg/kg of functionally active Prolastin-C or Prolastin by weekly intravenous infusion for 8 weeks before crossover to the alternate treatment for another 8 weeks . plasma samples were drawn over 7 days following last dose in the first treatment period and over 10 days following the last dose in the second period . primary end point for pharmacokinetic comparability was area under the plasma concentration versus time curve over 7 days post dose ( AUC ( days ) ) of alpha-PI determined by potency ( functional activity ) assay . crossover phase was followed by an 8-week open-label treatment phase with Prolastin-C only . AUC ( days ) was 155.9 versus 152.4 mg * h/mL for Prolastin-C and Prolastin , respectively . geometric least squares mean ratio of AUC ( days ) for Prolastin-C versus Prolastin had a point estimate of 1.03 and a 90 % confidence interval of 0.97-1 .09 , demonstrating pharmacokinetic equivalence between the 2 products . events were similar for both treatments and occurred at a rate of 0.117 and 0.078 per infusion for Prolastin-C ( double-blind treatment phase only ) and Prolastin , respectively ( p = 0.744 ) . were no treatment-emergent viral infections in any subject for human immunodeficiency virus , hepatitis B or C , or parvovirus B19 during the course of the study . demonstrated pharmacokinetic equivalence and a comparable safety profile to Prolastin . Identifier : NCT00295061 ."
4097,Abstract #4097,"compare the circadian intraocular pressure ( IOP ) reductions induced by latanoprost , brimonidine tartrate , and a fixed combination of timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) or ocular hypertension ( OHT ) . this crossover study , 10 patients with POAG and 10 with OHT were treated with latanoprost once a day , brimonidine twice a day , and a fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide twice a day for 1 month . 24-hour tonometric curves were obtained for each patient . pressure ( IOP ) was measured at 3 , 6 , and 9 AM , and at noon and at 3 , 6 , and 9 PM , and at midnight , using a handheld electronic tonometer with the patient in supine and sitting positions and a Goldmann applanation tonometer with the patient sitting at the slitlamp . of circadian IOP . the drugs significantly reduced IOP compared with the baseline at all times , except for brimonidine at midnight , 3 AM , and 6 AM . was more effective than brimonidine in lowering IOP at 3 and 6 AM and at 3 PM ( P = .03 ) , and the combination of timolol and dorzolamide was more effective than brimonidine at 3 and 9 AM ( P = .04 ) and at 3 and 6 PM ( P = .05 ) and more effective than latanoprost at 9 AM ( P = .05 ) . and the fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide led to similar circadian reductions in IOP , whereas brimonidine was less effective , particularly during the night ."
4098,Abstract #4098,"use of heparin-coated surfaces in cardiopulmonary bypass has been shown to decrease the inflammatory response imposed by the contact between blood and artificial surfaces . would expect this reaction to improve clinical outcome . , this has been difficult to verify . investigation is based on an aggregation of two randomized studies from our institution and highlights possible effects of heparin coating on a number of clinically oriented parameters . analysis of patients subjected to coronary artery bypass surgery using heparin-coated circuits . bypass was employed using either the Carmeda or Duraflo heparin coatings compared with a control . systemic heparin dose was reduced in the heparin-coated groups ( ACT > 250 s ) vs control group patients ( ACT > 480 s ) . effects of heparin coating related to clinical outcome were studied . use of heparin-coated circuits reduced the mean length of stay in hospital from 7.8 + / - 2.5 to 7.3 + / - 1.8 days ( p = 0.040 ) and postoperative ventilation time from 9.7 + / - 9.2 to 8.2 + / - 8.5 h ( p = 0.018 ) , blood loss 8 h post surgery from 676 + / - 385 to 540 + / - 245 ml ( p = 0.001 ) , individual perioperative change of haemoglobin loss ( p = 0.001 ) , leukocyte count ( p = 0.000 ) and creatinine elevation ( p = 0.000 ) , proportion of patients exposed to allogenous blood transfusions 39.2 vs 23.9 % ( p = 0.001 ) , postoperative coagulation disturbances 4.4 vs 0.4 % ( p = 0.006 ) , postoperative deviations from the normal postoperative course 47.2 vs 36.7 % ( p = 0.035 ) , neurological deviations 9.4 vs 3.9 % ( p = 0.021 ) and atrial fibrillation 26.4 vs 18.0 % ( p = 0.041 ) . effects were found with respect to perioperative platelet count , postoperative fever reaction and 5-year survival . on several indicators , the use of heparin coating in cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with improved clinical results ."
4099,Abstract #4099,"study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based therapy programme , ` Move it to improve it ' ( Mitii ( ) ) , in children with unilateral cerebral palsy ( UCP ) on occupational performance , upper limb function , and visual perception . ( n = 102 ) were matched in pairs and randomized to intervention ( Mitii for 20wks ; 26 males , mean age 11y 8mo [ 2y 4mo ] , Manual Ability Classification System level I = 11 , II = 39 , III = 1 ) or control ( standard care ; 25 males , mean age 11y 10mo [ 2y 5mo ] , Manual Ability Classification System level I = 13 , II = 37 ) . were the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills ( AMPS ) , Assisting Hand Assessment , Jebsen-Taylor Test of Hand Function ( JTTHF ) , Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function ( MUUL ) , Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ( COPM ) , and Test of Visual Perceptual Skills ( TVPS-3 ) . completed on average 32.4 hours of Mitii ( range 3.7-74 .7 h ) . Mitii group demonstrated significantly greater post-intervention scores than the comparison group on the AMPS , JTTHF dominant upper limb , COPM , and TVPS-3 . differences between groups were not clinically significant . were no differences between groups on measures of impaired upper limb function . delivers individualized , web-based therapy at home and has potential to increase therapy dose . can be considered as an option to enhance occupational performance and visual perception for children with UCP ."
4100,Abstract #4100,"effective programs to promote colorectal cancer ( CRC ) screening requires understanding of the effect of healthcare system factors on access to screening and adherence to guidelines . study assessed the role of insurance status , type of plan , the frequency of preventive health visits , and provider recommendation on utilization of CRC screening tests using a cross-sectional , random-digit-dial survey of 1002 Massachusetts residents aged > or = 50 . broad definition of CRC screening status included colonoscopy or barium enema ( screening or diagnostic ) within 10 years , flexible sigmoidoscopy ( FSIG ) within 5 years , and fecal occult blood testing ( FOBT ) in the past year as options ; 51.7 % of subjects aged 50 to 64 and 61.5 % of older subjects were current . uninsured had the lowest current testing rate . insured participants , type of insurance had little impact on CRC testing ; older subjects enrolled in HMOs had marginally higher rates , although not statistically significant . frequency of preventive health visits and ever receiving a physician 's recommendation for FSIG or ever receiving FOBT cards were associated with higher rates of CRC screening among both age groups . when broad criteria are used to define current CRC screening status , a substantial proportion of the age-eligible population remains underscreened . regular preventive care and receiving a physician 's recommendation for screening appear to be potent facilitators of screening that should be considered in designing promotional efforts ."
4101,Abstract #4101,"the therapy of acute cholangitis complete biliary drainage and antibiotic therapy is needed . aim of the current study was to compare intravenous therapy of acute cholangitis with Ceftriaxone or Levofloxacin in a prospective and randomized fashion . with biliary obstruction and clinical signs of infection received in addition to 1.5 g Metronidazole either 500 mg Levofloxacin/die or 2 g Ceftriaxone/die . on during ERCP , bile was aspirated via the cannulation catheter and cultured for bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions . inhibitory concentrations of the respective antibiotics were determinate for each isolate . clinical course was followed for at least 6 days with clinical and laboratory data . patients with clinical signs of acute cholangitis were randomised . 40 patients ( 66 % ) biliary colonization with bacteria could be identified . all bacterial species Levofloxacin showed significantly lower rates of in-vitro resistance as compared to Ceftriaxone . , the percentage of patients with a clinical cure or significant improvement was the same in the two groups . clinical effect of Levofloxacin and Ceftriaxone in patients with acute cholangitis showed no significant differences . of improved in-vitro efficiency , a calculated therapy with Levofloxacin might be advantageous ."
4102,Abstract #4102,"levels of serum inflammatory markers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) represent independent risk factors for further cardiovascular events . an atherosclerosis model , selective heart rate ( HR ) reduction with ivabradine has been shown to decrease markers of vascular oxidative stress , to improve endothelial function , and to reduce atherosclerotic plaque formation . hypothesized that the addition of ivabradine to standard medical therapy has a beneficial effect on markers of inflammatory stress in acute coronary syndromes ( ACS ) patients . is a unicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial involving 1,270 patients of either gender admitted to hospital with non ST elevation ACS . primary study aim is to evaluate the effects of ivabradine therapy , initiated at the time of hospital admission , on hs-CRP levels . is also a combined secondary endpoint i.e. to assess the effects of ivabradine on the occurrence of death , nonfatal myocardial infarction , recurrent symptomatic ischemia , urgent revascularization , and cardiac arrest at 30-days and 1-year follow up . hypothesize that ivabradine therapy , when started immediately after hospital admission for ACS , will result in the reduction of hs-CRP levels and the improvement of cardiovascular outcome ."
4103,Abstract #4103,"( MTX ) is the ` gold-standard ' drug for the treatment of severe psoriasis . the absence of any consensus on an optimum dose of MTX for psoriasis , there is wide variation in prescribing patterns between dermatologists , resulting in variable or delayed therapeutic effects . identify the most effective fixed single weekly dose of oral MTX with acceptable side-effects in the treatment of severe plaque-type psoriasis . was a prospective , randomized , double-blind , parallel-group , dose-ranging study , which enrolled 60 patients of both genders ( aged 18-62 years ) with severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis . were randomly assigned to one of two groups : group A was treated with MTX 10 mg once weekly , and group B was treated with 25 mg MTX once weekly . main outcome measure was change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ( PASI ) between the two groups from baseline to 12 weeks . the 60 patients , 51 ( 85 % ) completed the 12-week study . the end of the study , 24 patients ( 92.3 % ) in the MTX 25 mg group had achieved a 75 % reduction in PASI ( PASI 75 ) from baseline , compared with 18 patients ( 72 % ) in the MTX 10 mg group ( P > 0.05 ) . time in weeks to achieve PASI 75 was significantly shorter in the MTX 25mg group ( 7.921.91 ) than in the MTX 10mg group ( 9.472.29 ) ( P < 0.05 ) . addition , 20 patients ( 69 % ) in the MTX 25mg group achieved 100 % reduction in PASI compared with 9 patients ( 30 % ) in the MTX 10mg group within 12weeks of the study period ( P < 0.01 ) . effects were generally mild , and were noted in 43.1 % of the 51 patients who completed the study , with no significant difference in frequency between the two groups , although they were less severe in the 10mg group . 25mg is an effective dose as monotherapy for the treatment of severe psoriasis , whereas the 10mg dose is slow to act and less effective , but has a less severe side-effect profile ."
4104,Abstract #4104,"aim of the present article was to compare stapled haemorrhoidectomy , and haemorrhoidal artery ligation with open haemorrhoidectomy with respect to the postoperative pain , symptom control , and manometric alterations . five patients with third or fourth-degree haemorrhoids were randomly classified into three groups ; first group managed by stapled haemorrhoidectomy , second group managed by conventional haemorrhoidectomy and third group managed by Doppler guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation . 15 patients each ) Preoperative and 12 weeks postoperative anorectal manometry were done for all patients . was a significant difference of the operative time between stapled group and Milligan-Morgan group ( p < 0.001 ) while no significant difference between stapled group and Doppler group . pain scores were significantly higher in open group ( p < 0.001 ) during the first 24 hours at the time of first motion and one week after operation . control of prolapsed symptoms was significantly better with open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy than with stapled . control of other symptoms was similar with regard to bleeding , pain , pruritus , and incontinence scores . manometry showed a decrease in the maximum resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure in all groups , but this decrease was only significant in the stapled haemorrhoidectomy group . and Doppler haemorrhoidectomy is as effective as conventional haemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of haemorrhoids , but with the exception of skin tag prolapse . is a need for long-term follow-up for the changes in manometric parameters after haemorrhoidectomy ."
4105,Abstract #4105,"valgus is a frequent condition of the forefoot , resulting in cosmetic deformity and pain . osteotomy ( CO ) is widely employed for the treatment of hallux valgus . double osteotomy ( CAO ) was previously described and superiority over an isolated Chevron procedure was assumed . objective of this study was to compare the short-to-middle term outcomes of CO and CAO . study included 72 patients with established diagnosis of mild-to-moderate hallux valgus , treated by either isolated CO or CAO . CO group included 46 patients ( mean 51.5 years ) with a mean hallux valgus angle of 27 , while the CAO group included 26 subjects ( mean 53.1 years ) and a mean hallux valgus angle of 32 preoperatively . patients were reviewed by physical examination , and standardized questionnaire , and pre - and postoperative standing X-rays were performed . group analysis was carried out to analyze statistical differences of both techniques . patients were assessed and group matched at a mean of 1.37 years for the CO group and 1.04 years for the CAO group , postoperatively . improvement of HVA ( hallux valgus angle ) was 10.6 in the CO group and the CAO group improved by 17.5 . ( distal metatarsal articular angle ) improved in the CO group by 5.4 and in the CAO by 13.7 . AOFAS score improved by 27.9 ( CO ) and 21.5 ( CAO ) . satisfaction was high in both groups , with a tendency towards higher values within the CAO group . findings indicate that Chevron-Akin double osteotomy is a save and practicable procedure for the treatment of mild-to-moderate hallux valgus . of combined Chevron-Akin procedure over an isolated Chevron osteotomy might be limited to distinct clinical settings , but should not be generally assumed ."
4106,Abstract #4106,"optimize intra - and postoperative insulin management in cardiac surgical patients . prospective , randomized , open-label , single-center study . large nonuniversity hospital . diabetics and 60 nondiabetics undergoing off-pump cardiac bypass surgery . - and postoperative tight glycemic control were achieved using different approaches with a modified insulin protocol . were divided randomly : in the ND-ind group ( n = 30 ) , insulin was started at induction according to preinduction blood glucose ( BG ) concentrations . group ND > 110 ( n = 30 ) , insulin was started when BG concentrations exceeded 110 mg/dL during surgery . to 85 % of the ND > 110 group started on insulin intraoperatively . , the ND-ind group had more BG within target ( 80-110 mg/dL ) ( p = 0.002 ) , less BG > 130 mg/dL ( p = 0.015 ) , and more BG between 70 and 79 mg/dL ( p = 0.002 ) . diabetics , BG concentration was checked every 30 ( DM-30 ) , n = 30 ) versus 60 minutes ( DM-60 , n = 30 ) to improve the protocol 's performance . , there were more BG concentrations within target ( 80-110 mg/dL ) ( p = 0.02 ) and less > 130 mg/dL ( p = 0.0002 ) in the DM-30 group . surgery , the hyperglycemic index and the glycemic penalty index were lower in the ND-ind group ( p < 0.05 ) . , the mean BG concentrations , hyperglycemic index , and glycemic penalty index in diabetics and nondiabetics were comparable between groups ( p < 0.05 ) . the overall 2,641 BG samples , the lowest BG concentration in the operating room was 71 and in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) it was 61 mg/dL . diabetics and nondiabetics undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery , tight perioperative glycemic control is feasible and efficient , with minimal risks for hypo - and hyperglycemia . nondiabetics , starting insulin therapy from induction onwards results in more measurements within target , without affecting the mean BG . diabetics , decreasing the sampling interval from 60 to 30 minutes results in more measurements within target and in a mean blood glucose within target at ICU arrival ."
4107,Abstract #4107,"fibrillation remains a significant source of morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) . cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) temperature influences the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in CABG patients has not been specifically examined . the present study , we reviewed postoperative data from patients who were prospectively randomized to mild or moderate hypothermic CPB for elective CABG to determine the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation . , single center , observational study . university medical center . undergoing elective CABG surgery . patients were prospectively randomized to mild ( 34 degrees C [ 93.2 degrees F ] ) or moderate ( 28 degrees C [ 82.4 degrees F ] ) hypothermic CPB . incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was determined by review of ICU and hospital records . was a significantly higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in the moderate compared with the mild hypothermic CPB group . who had postoperative atrial fibrillation were significantly older than those without atrial fibrillation . , a significant increase in the relative risk of developing postoperative atrial fibrillation was found for both age and CPB temperature . results indicate that the temperature of systemic cooling during CPB is an important factor in the development of atrial fibrillation after CABG surgery . addition , this study confirms that increasing age is a significant determinant of postoperative atrial fibrillation ."
4108,Abstract #4108,"chronic intake of omeprazole , most healthy volunteers and patients still have nocturnal acid breakthrough ( NAB ) , defined as night-time periods with gastric pH < 4.0 lasting for longer than 1 h. Gastro-oesophageal reflux during NAB may be particularly injurious to the oesophageal mucosa , contributing to the chronic lesions complicating the condition . compare the effect of three different dosing regimens of omeprazole 40 mg daily with regard to suppressing nocturnal gastric acidity and avoiding NAB . healthy volunteers were given three different regimens of omeprazole for 7 days each in randomized order : 40 mg before breakfast ( qAM ) , 40 mg before dinner ( qPM ) and 20 mg before breakfast and dinner ( b.d. ) . day 7 , 24-h intragastric and intraoesophageal pH-metry was performed . were analysed for the period from 22.00 h until 06.00 h with regard to the percentage of time at which gastric pH was below 4.0 , 3.0 and 2.0 , and also the occurrence and duration of NAB . acid breakthrough was significantly more common on qAM than on qPM and b.d. ( P < 0.05 ) dosing . percentage of time gastric pH was less than 4.0 overnight was significantly lower on qPM ( median 31.3 ) and b.d. ( median 20.5 ) than on qAM ( median 66.3 ) dosing ( P = 0.01 and P < 0.02 , respectively ) . pH threshold of 3 and 4 showed the same differences , as did median 24-h gastric pH. Daytime acidity was not significantly different . healthy volunteers , dinner time or split dosing of omeprazole 40 mg daily is significantly more effective than dosing before breakfast in preventing NAB and controlling gastric acidity . regimens should be preferred in patients in whom suppression of nocturnal gastric acidity is desirable ."
4109,Abstract #4109,"assess the additive effect of diquafosol tetrasodium on sodium hyaluronate monotherapy in patients with dry eye syndrome . study evaluated 64 eyes of 32 patients ( age : 62.612.8 years ( meanSD ) ) in whom treatment with 0.1 % sodium hyaluronate was insufficiently responsive . eyes were randomly assigned to one of the two regimens in each patient : topical administration of sodium hyaluronate and diquafosol tetrasodium in one eye , and that of sodium hyaluronate in the other . treatment , and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment , we determined tear volume , tear film break-up time ( BUT ) , fluorescein and rose bengal vital staining scores , subjective symptoms , and adverse events . found a significant improvement in BUT ( P = 0.049 , Dunnett test ) , fluorescein and rose bengal staining scores ( P = 0.02 ) , and in subjective symptoms ( P = 0.004 for dry eye sensation , P = 0.02 for pain , and P = 0.02 for foreign body sensation ) 4 weeks after treatment in the diquafosol eyes . the other hand , we found no significant change in these parameters after treatment in the control eyes . dry eyes , where sodium hyaluronate monotherapy was insufficient , diquafosol tetrasodium was effective in improving objective and subjective symptoms , suggesting its viability as an option for the additive treatment of such eyes ."
4110,Abstract #4110,"aims of the study were to clarify the occurrence of disturbance in surgical wound healing ( DSWH ) after surgery of zygomatic complex ( ZC ) fractures and to determine whether perioperatively applied dexamethasone increases the risk for DSWH . 64 patients who were included in a single-blind prospective trial , 33 perioperatively received a total dose of 10 mg or 30 mg of dexamethasone . remaining 31 patients served as controls . occurred in 9 patients ( 14.1 % ) . of DSWH was 24.4 % in patients who received dexamethasone and 3.2 % in controls . association between DSWH and dexamethasone was significant ( P = .016 ) . approach also was associated with DSWH significantly ( P = .042 ) . association emerged between DSWH and age , gender , time span from accident to surgery , or duration of surgery . occurred significantly more frequently in patients who received perioperative dexamethasone . of increased risk of DSWH , perioperative dexamethasone can not be recommended in open reduction and fixation of ZC fractures ."
4111,Abstract #4111,"remains a major public health problem . studies indicate that the ability to quit smoking is substantially heritable , with genetics that overlap modestly with the genetics of vulnerability to dependence on addictive substances . identify replicated genes that facilitate smokers ' abilities to achieve and sustain abstinence from smoking ( herein after referred to as quit-success genes ) found in more than 2 genome-wide association ( GWA ) studies of successful vs unsuccessful abstainers , and , secondarily , to nominate genes for selective involvement in smoking cessation success with bupropion hydrochloride vs nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) . GWA results in subjects from 3 centers , with secondary analyses of NRT vs bupropion responders . smoking cessation trial participants from 3 centers . American smokers who successfully vs unsuccessfully abstain from smoking with biochemical confirmation in a smoking cessation trial using NRT , bupropion , or placebo ( N = 550 ) . genes , reproducibly identified by clustered nominally positive single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in more than 2 independent samples with significant P values based on Monte Carlo simulation trials . NRT-selective genes were nominated by clustered SNPs that display much larger t values for NRT vs placebo comparisons . bupropion-selective genes were nominated by bupropion-selective results . in quit-success genes are likely to alter cell adhesion , enzymatic , transcriptional , structural , and DNA , RNA , and/or protein-handling functions . genes are identified by clustered nominally positive SNPs from more than 2 samples and are unlikely to represent chance observations ( Monte Carlo P < .0003 ) . genes display modest overlap with genes identified in GWA studies of dependence on addictive substances and memory . results support polygenic genetics for success in abstaining from smoking , overlap with genetics of substance dependence and memory , and nominate gene variants for selective influences on therapeutic responses to bupropion vs NRT . genetics should help match the types and/or intensity of antismoking treatments with the smokers most likely to benefit from them ."
4112,Abstract #4112,"compare the safety and length of hospitalization ( LOH ) between a full solid diet as the initial meal for refeeding after mild acute pancreatitis ( AP ) as compared with 2 other diets . mild AP , the need for fat restriction during refeeding has not been studied . was hypothesized that the reintroduction of oral feeding with a full solid diet after mild AP was safe and might result in a shorter LOH . with mild AP were randomized to receive 1 of 3 diets ( clear liquid , soft , or full solid ) as the initial meal during oral refeeding . progression and hospital discharge were decided by the physicians that were not members of trial team . hospital stay , patients were monitored for relapse of pain ( primary endpoint ) , dietary intake , LOH ( secondary endpoint ) , and 7 days postdischarge to record pain relapse rates . total of 210 patients were included , 70 in each arm . a per-protocol basis , there was no difference in pain relapse rates during refeeding between the 3 diet arms ( P = 0.80 ) . initiated on a full solid diet consumed significantly more calories and fats on trial days 1 and 2 ( P < 0.001 ) . shorter LOH ( median of -1.5 d ) was observed among patients receiving a full solid diet without abdominal pain relapse ( P = 0.000 ) . refeeding with a full solid diet in mild AP was well tolerated and resulted in a shorter LOH in patients without abdominal pain relapse ."
4113,Abstract #4113,"present study should elucidate the efficacy , patient acceptability , and side effect profiles of Oxaprozin and Diclofenac retard when given to patients with active primary osteoarthrosis . outpatients with active primary osteoarthrosis with a radiological grade of II or III in the hip or knee joint ( mean duration 4 years ) were distributed randomly and equally to each treatment group . age ranged from 40-66 years ( mean age 51 years ) . a washout period , they received one of the preparations for 6 weeks . assessments consisted of pain , disturbance of sleep , individual and general functional impairment scales , laboratory determinations , and patients global evaluation . statistical analyses Mann-Whitney-U - , Wilcoxon - , and chi 2-tests were applied . Patients completed the study successfully , whereas 3 patients of each group withdrew due to adverse events . differences favoring Oxaprozin were found for the individual and functional impairment scale and the patients ' global evaluation of treatment at the final visit ( 6 weeks ) . compared to baseline visit was significant for both treatment groups . results suggest that Oxaprozin is more effective than Diclofenac retard , a recognized standard therapy , when given for 6 weeks to patients with active osteoarthrosis ."
4114,Abstract #4114,"studies have shown that thiazolidinediones reduce neointimal hyperplasia after bare metal stent ( BMS ) implantation , but this drug group sometimes cause fluid retention that may lead to heart failure . examine the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) treated with primary BMS implantation . or non-diabetic patients with STEMI ( < 12 h from onset ) successfully treated with primary BMS implantation were randomised to either the pioglitazone ( 15 mg , up to 30 mg ) or control groups . in cardiogenic shock were excluded . efficacy end point was percentage neointimal volume within the stented segment at 6 months using three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound . end point was a composite of all-cause mortality , reinfarction , or heart failure requiring hospitalisation . October 2005 and July 2007 , 96 patients were randomised into the pioglitazone ( n = 48 ) or control group ( n = 48 ) . follow-up , mean ( SD ) percentage neointimal volume and neointimal volume index were significantly reduced in the pioglitazone group ( 22 ( 13 ) % vs 28 ( 13 ) % , p = 0.04 ; 1.5 ( 0.9 ) vs 2.0 ( 0.8 ) mm ( 3 ) / mm , p = 0.02 , respectively ) . 6 months , two control patients died , four patients ( one in the pioglitazone group , three controls ) had stent thrombosis resulting in reinfarction and three patients ( two in the pioglitazone group , one control ) had heart failure , resulting in a similar incidence of safety end point ( 3 vs 6 ) . of pioglitazone reduced neointimal hyperplasia in patients with STEMI treated with primary stent implantation without placing the patient at increased risk of complications . larger trials will be necessary to establish the clinical benefit of pioglitazone ."
4115,Abstract #4115,"objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supervised training using a state-of-the-art virtual reality ( VR ) genitourinary endoscopy simulator on the basic endoscopic skills of novice endoscopists . evaluated 21 medical students performing an initial VR case scenario ( pretest ) requiring rigid cystoscopy , flexible ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy , and basket retrieval of a proximal ureteral stone . students were evaluated with objective parameters assessed by the VR simulator and by two experienced evaluators using a global rating scale . were then randomized to a control group receiving no further training or a training group , which received five supervised training sessions using the VR simulator . students were then evaluated again in the same manner using the same case scenario ( posttest ) . the results of pre - and posttests , no major differences were demonstrated for any variable in the control group . the trained group , posttest results revealed statistically significant improvement from baseline in the following parameters : total procedure time ( p = 0.002 ) , time to introduce a ureteral guidewire ( p = 0.039 ) , self-evaluation ( p < 0.001 ) , and evaluator assessment ( p < 0.001 ) . the posttest results of the control and trained arms , we found significantly better posttest scores in the trained group for the following parameters : ability to perform the task ( p = 0.035 ) , overall performance ( p = 0.004 ) , and total evaluator score ( p < or = 0.001 ) . trained on the VR simulator demonstrated statistically significant improvement on repeat testing , but the control group showed no improvement . training using VR simulation facilitates performance of basic endourologic tasks and might translate into better performance in the operating room ."
4116,Abstract #4116,"study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of tiotropium and ipratropium during long term treatment in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . patients of mean ( SD ) age 65 ( 8 ) years and forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) 41 ( 12 ) % predicted participated in a 14 centre , double blind , double dummy , parallel group study and were randomised after a run in period of two weeks to receive either tiotropium 18 microg once daily from a dry powder inhaler ( HandiHaler ; two thirds of patients ) or ipratropium 40 microg four times daily from a metered dose inhaler ( one third of patients ) for a period of 13 weeks . measures were lung function , daily records of peak expiratory flow ( PEF ) , and the use of concomitant salbutamol . ( 1 ) and forced vital capacity ( FVC ) were measured one hour before and immediately before inhalation ( mean value of the two measurements on test day 1 was the baseline value while on all other test days it was known as the trough FEV ( 1 ) and FVC ) , and 0.5 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 hours after inhalation of the study drug on days 1 , 8 , 50 , and 92 . treatment tiotropium achieved a significantly greater improvement than ipratropium ( p < 0.05 ) in trough , average , and peak FEV ( 1 ) levels and in trough and average FVC levels . trough FEV ( 1 ) response on days 8 , 50 , and 92 ranged between 0.15 l ( 95 % CI 0.11 to 0.19 ) and 0.16 l ( 95 % CI 0.12 to 0.20 ) for tiotropium and between 0.01 l ( 95 % CI -0.03 to 0.05 ) and 0.03 l ( 95 % CI 0.01 to 0.07 ) for ipratropium . trough FVC response on days 8 , 50 , and 92 ranged between 0.34 l ( 95 % CI 0.28 to 0.40 ) and 0.39 l ( 95 % CI 0.31 to 0.47 ) for tiotropium and between 0.08 l ( 95 % CI 0.00 to 0.16 ) and 0.18 l ( 95 % CI 0.08 to 0.28 ) for ipratropium . all test days tiotropium produced a greater improvement in FEV ( 1 ) than ipratropium starting three hours after inhalation ( p < 0.05 ) . treatment weekly mean morning and evening peak expiratory flow ( PEF ) was consistently better in the tiotropium group than in the ipratropium group , the difference in morning PEF being significant up through week 10 and in evening PEF up through week 7 of treatment ( p < 0.05 ) . use of concomitant salbutamol was also lower in the tiotropium group ( p < 0.05 ) . only drug related adverse event was dry mouth ( tiotropium 14.7 % , ipratropium 10.3 % of patients ) . in a dose of 18 microg inhaled once daily using the HandiHaler was significantly more effective than 40 microg ipratropium four times daily in improving trough , average , and peak lung function over the 13 week period . safety profile of tiotropium was similar to ipratropium . data support the use of tiotropium as first line treatment for the long term maintenance treatment of patients with airflow obstruction due to COPD ."
4117,Abstract #4117,"and anxiety disorders during adolescence can have detrimental consequences . disorders are related to negative outcome in various areas during adolescence and are also predictive of depression and anxiety disorders later in life . parental psychopathology and being female are risk factors that increase the probability of developing one of these disorders during adolescence . has shown that prevention programs have promising results , especially for adolescents who have these risk factors . , in this study , we will focus on the effectiveness of a prevention program ' A jump forward ' that has been developed for adolescent girls with a familial risk of depression and/or anxiety . designed a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of an indicated and selective prevention program aimed at depression and anxiety in adolescent girls . aged between 11 and 15 years old with depressive and/or anxiety symptoms and with parents who show indicators of parental psychopathology will be randomly assigned to the experimental ( N = 80 ) or control groups ( N = 80 ) . in the experimental group will follow a preventive intervention , consisting of six sessions of 90 minutes each . participants will complete baseline , intervention phase 1 ( after session 2 ) , intervention phase 2 ( after session 4 ) , post-intervention , 6 month follow-up , and 12 month follow-up assessments . , parents will be asked to complete assessments at baseline , post-intervention , and 12-month follow-up . outcome will be depressive symptoms . outcomes will be anxiety symptoms , suicidal ideation , response style , negative cognitive errors , parental emotional support and parental control , parental psychopathology , parenting stress and adolescents ' depression and anxiety symptoms according to the parents . paper described the study designed to evaluate a program for preventing depression and/or anxiety in high-risk adolescents over a 12-month follow-up period . the program showed to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and preventing adolescents from developing clinical levels of these disorders , our results would be relevant to practice . , the intervention could be used on a large scale . , this study aims to contribute to the evidence-based prevention of depression and anxiety of adolescents . Trial Register NTR3720 ."
4118,Abstract #4118,"pneumoniae ( Cp ) infection has been associated with atherosclerosis , and a beneficial effect of antibiotic therapy on future cardiovascular events was described . evaluated the effect of roxithromycin therapy ( 150 mg twice daily for 30 days ) on the progression of the intima-to-media thickness ( IMT ) of the common carotid artery using duplex ultrasonography in a prospective and randomized trial with a follow-up of 2 years in 272 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke aged over 55 years in whom the first IMT measurement and Cp testing ( IgG and IgA ) were performed at least 3 years before the roxithromycin treatment . IgG antibodies ( > or = 1:64 ) were initially found in 123 ( 45 % ) patients and IgA antibodies ( > or = 1:16 ) in 112 ( 41 % ) patients . the 3 years before antibiotic therapy , Cp-positive patients showed an enhanced IMT progression , even after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors ( 0.12 [ 95 % CI , 0.11 to 0.14 ] versus 0.07 [ 0.05 to 0.09 ] mm/year ; P < 0.005 ) . 62 Cp-positive patients given roxithromycin showed a significantly decreased IMT progression after 2 years compared with the Cp-positive patients without therapy ( 0.07 [ 0.045 to 0.095 ] versus 0.11 [ 0.088 to 0.132 ] mm/year ; P < 0.01 ) . significant difference in the occurrence of future cardiovascular events was found between both groups during follow-up . change of IMT was observed in Cp-negative patients given roxithromycin ( n = 74 ) compared with those without therapy ( 0.06 [ 0.03 to 0.09 ] versus 0.07 [ 0.05 to 0.09 ] mm/year ) . findings suggest a positive impact of antibiotic therapy on early atherosclerosis progression in Cp-seropositive patients with cerebrovascular disease ."
4119,Abstract #4119,"evaluate the efficacy of membrane sweeping at initiation of labor induction in low-risk patients at term pregnancy ( 38-40 gestational weeks ) . prospective study included 351 antenatal women who were randomly assigned to one of two groups : a sweeping of the membranes group ( n = 181 ) and a no sweeping control group ( n = 170 ) . primary outcome measure was the proportion of women who entered spontaneous labor within 1 week of entry into the study . outcome measures included mode of delivery and maternal and fetal complications . patients ( two in the sweeping group and three in the no sweeping group ) were excluded from the study because of breech presentation at labor . were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding maternal age , parity or Bishop score . proportion of subjects who entered spontaneous labor before 41 weeks of gestation was significantly different between the two groups ( p < 0.0001 ) . mode of delivery did not differ significantly between the groups and there was no statistically significant difference in maternal or fetal complications . of membranes is a safe method to reduce the length of term in pregnancy and the incidence of prolonged gestation in a low-risk population . is no evidence that sweeping the membranes increases the risk of maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes ."
4120,Abstract #4120,"aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the regional bond strengths of compomers to dentine . freshly extracted molars were ground flat to expose the dentine and randomly divided into two groups for bonding : no hydrostatic pressure and hydrostatic pressure of 15cm H ( 2 ) O. Xeno CF , Dyract AP and F 2000 were applied to dentine surfaces pretreated by the respective bonding systems following the manufactures ' instructions , and then restored with Clearfil AP-X . 24h storage in water , the teeth were sectioned into 0.7-mm thick slabs and visually divided into three regional subgroups : the region communicating with the pulp through dentinal tubules ( pulp horn ) ; the region between the pulp horns ( center ) ; and the region between the pulp horn and DEJ ( periphery ) . specimens were trimmed to a cross-sectional area of 1mm ( 2 ) and subjected to the micro-tensile bond test . data were analyzed by one - and three-way ANOVA , and Fisher 's PLSD ( p < 0.05 ) . were no significant regional differences of bond strengths for all the compomers tested ( p > 0.05 ) . , hydrostatic pressure significantly decreased the bond strength of F 2000 to all regions ( p < 0.05 ) , while the bond strength of Dyract AP significantly decreased only at the pulp horn region ( p < 0.05 ) . the other hand , the bond strengths of Xeno CF seemed not to be affected by hydrostatic pressure ( p > 0.05 ) . Dyract AP and F 2000 , the fracture modes were affected by hydrostatic pressure , while , for Xeno CF , there were no significant differences between the fracture modes with non - or positive hydrostatic pressure . pulpal pressure of 15cm H ( 2 ) O had a greater influence on the bond strengths of compomers to dentine than did dentine regions . , when measuring the bond strengths of compomers to dentine under the simulated in vivo conditions , the wetness of the dentine surface , as well as the intrinsic properties of each material should be seriously considered ."
4121,Abstract #4121,"( Intervention Centred on Adolescents ' Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour ) is aimed at preventing excessive weight gain and cardiovascular risk in adolescents by promoting physical activity ( PA ) with an emphasis on recreational and daily-life PA , with a lifelong perspective . study designed to last for four years . cohort constituted of 954 first-level students ( 91 % of eligible pupils ) , aged 11.7 + / - 0.6 y ( mean + / - SD ) from four pairs of schools randomly selected in eastern France , after sociogeographical stratification . each pair , intervention status was randomised at school-level . program , not limited to school settings , involves multiple partners with three objectives : 1 ) changing attitudes through debates and access to attractive activities during breaks and after-school hours , 2 ) encouraging social support , 3 ) providing environmental conditions that enable PA. . times and places , open participation , emphasis on fun , meeting with others and absence of competitive aspects are used to reduce usual barriers to PA. . and safety are permanent concerns . of overweight was 23.7 % . participation rates were attained ( 50 % participated in at least one weekly activity ) . six-month , the proportion of intervention adolescents not performing supervised PA out of academic PA was reduced by half ( 36 % to 17 % vs 42 % to 42 % in controls P < 10-4 ) ; the proportion of those spending > 3 h/day in sedentary occupations decreased ( 34 % to 28 % vs 27 % to 36 % ; P < 10-4 ) . data demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a multilevel PA intervention program in adolescents . results document increased PA and decreased sedentary behaviour ."
4122,Abstract #4122,"behaviour therapy ( CBT ) is an effective treatment for depression . , CBT is a complex therapy that requires highly trained and qualified practitioners , and its scalability is therefore limited by the costs of training and employing sufficient therapists to meet demand . activation ( BA ) is a psychological treatment for depression that may be an effective alternative to CBT and , because it is simpler , might also be delivered by less highly trained and specialised mental health workers . is a two-arm , non-inferiority , patient-level randomised controlled trial , including clinical , economic , and process evaluations comparing CBT delivered by highly trained professional therapists to BA delivered by junior professional or para-professional mental health workers to establish whether the clinical effectiveness of BA is non-inferior to CBT and if BA is cost effective compared to CBT . hundred and forty patients with major depressive disorder will be recruited through screening in primary care . will analyse for non-inferiority in per-protocol and intention-to-treat populations . primary outcome will be severity of depression symptoms ( Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ) at 12 months follow-up . outcomes will be clinically significant change and severity of depression at 18 months , and anxiety ( General Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire ) and health-related quality of life ( Short-Form Health Survey-36 ) at 12 and 18 months . economic evaluation will take the United Kingdom National Health Service/Personal Social Services perspective to include costs of the interventions , health and social care services used , plus productivity losses . will explored in terms of quality-adjusted life years using the EuroQol-5D measure of health-related quality of life . clinical and economic outcomes of this trial will provide the evidence to help policy makers , clinicians and guideline developers decide on the merits of including BA as a first-line treatment of depression . Controlled Trials ISRCTN27473954 ."
4123,Abstract #4123,"genome-wide association study in the Japanese population reported two genome-wide significant loci associated with type 2 diabetes of which the VPS13C/C2CD4A/C2CD4B locus was replicated in Europeans . looked for potential associations between the diabetogenic VPS13C/C2CD4A/C2CD4B rs7172432 variant and diabetes-related intermediary traits . genotyped the rs7172432 variant in the population-based Inter99 cohort ( n = 6,784 ) and analysed quantitative diabetes-related traits in 5,722 non-diabetic participants who all were examined by an OGTT . diabetes-associated A allele was associated with 0.60 cm higher waist circumference ( p = 0.004 ) , 0.037 mmol/l higher fasting plasma glucose ( p = 4 10 ( -5 ) ) and 0.11 mmol/l higher plasma glucose at 30 min during an OGTT ( p = 4 10 ( -4 ) ) . analyses adjusted for concomitant insulin sensitivity levels the diabetogenic allele was associated with a lower acute glucose-stimulated insulin response ( GSIR ) as estimated by 30 min serum insulin ( = -0.039 , p = 2 10 ( -7 ) ) , insulinogenic index ( = -0.057 , p = 1 10 ( -8 ) ) and BIGTT-acute insulin release ( = -0.041 , p = 9 10 ( -9 ) ) . rs7172432 is situated in a region previously associated with glycaemic traits , we tested linkage disequilibrium ( LD ) with the reported regional lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms for fasting ( rs11071657 ) and 2 h plasma glucose ( rs17271305 ) , and performed conditional analyses of rs7172432 . showed moderate LD with rs11071657 and rs17271305 ( R ( 2 ) < 0.34 ) and we found strong association by almost unchanged effect sizes of rs7172432 with plasma glucose and estimates of GSIR in analyses conditional on rs11071657 and rs17271305 . diabetogenic VPS13C/C2CD4A/C2CD4B rs7172432 A allele associates with GSIR in non-diabetic individuals from the general population , suggesting an impaired beta cell function as an intermediary diabetes-related trait ."
4124,Abstract #4124,"evidence that shared decision-making tools for treatment decisions improve decision quality and patient engagement , they are not commonly employed in orthopaedic practice . purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of decision and communication aids on patient knowledge , efficiency of decision making , treatment choice , and patient and surgeon experience in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee . hundred and twenty-three patients who were considered medically appropriate for hip or knee replacement were randomized to either a shared decision-making intervention or usual care . in the intervention group received a digital video disc and booklet describing the natural history and treatment alternatives for hip and knee osteoarthritis and developed a structured list of questions for their surgeon in consultation with a health coach . in the control group received information about the surgeon 's practice . groups reported their knowledge and stage in decision making and their treatment choice , satisfaction , and communication with their surgeon . reported the appropriateness of patient questions and their satisfaction with the visit . primary outcome measure tracked whether patients reached an informed decision during their first visit . analyses were performed to evaluate differences between groups . more patients in the intervention group ( 58 % ) reached an informed decision during the first visit compared with the control group ( 33 % ) ( p = 0.005 ) . intervention group reported higher confidence in knowing what questions to ask their doctor ( p = 0.0034 ) . the appointment , there was no significant difference between groups in the percentage of patients choosing surgery ( p = 0.48 ) . rated the number and appropriateness of patient questions higher in the intervention group ( p < 0.0001 ) , reported higher satisfaction with the efficiency of the intervention group visits ( p < 0.0001 ) , and were more satisfied overall with the intervention group visits ( p < 0.0001 ) . and communication aids used in orthopaedic practice had benefits for both patients and surgeons . findings could be important in facilitating adoption of shared decision-making tools into routine orthopaedic practice ."
4125,Abstract #4125,"use of multimicronutrient ( MMN ) supplementation to reduce the burden of anaemia in non-pregnant women of reproductive age has been little studied , particularly in Africa . objective of the study was to evaluate haematological outcomes in non-pregnant , rural Gambian women of reproductive age , receiving daily MMN supplements for 1 year . study in 293 women aged from 17 to 45 years old was nested within a double-blind , randomized placebo-controlled trial of periconceptional MMN supplementation [ ISRCTN 13687662 ] , using the United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Preparation ( UNIMMAP ) , received daily for 1 year or until conception . cell parameters and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration were measured at baseline and after 12 months in those women who did not conceive . women ( haemoglobin concentration < 12 g per 100 ml ) were more likely to be older and in economic deficit at baseline . change in haemoglobin concentration was +0.6 + / -1.4 g per 100 ml in the intervention arm and -0.2 + / -1.2 g per 100 ml in the placebo arm ( P < 0.001 ) . supplementation with MMN , the relative risk of anaemia ( < 12 g per 100 ml ) was 0.59 ( 0.46 , 0.76 ) compared with placebo . subjects at baseline showed an increase in mean haemoglobin from 10.6 g per 100 ml to 11.8 g/l ( P < 0.001 ) after MMN supplementation . supplementation should be considered as a strategy for improving the micronutrient and haematological status of non-pregnant women of reproductive age ."
4126,Abstract #4126,"studies are not ideal for providing robust evidence for long-term maintenance of efficacy of medicines , especially where medicines provide symptom relief and where long-term use of a placebo may be problematic and not ethical . evaluate the maintenance of efficacy of Sativex in subjects who have gained long-term symptomatic relief of spasticity in multiple sclerosis ( MS ) , and to assess the impact of sudden medicine withdrawal . enriched enrolment randomized withdrawal study design was used . subjects with ongoing benefit from Sativex for at least 12 weeks entered this 5-week placebo-controlled , parallel-group , randomized withdrawal study . subjects ' previous effective and tolerated dose was continued . total of 18 subjects per group were enrolled . showed a mean duration of MS of 16.4 years , spasticity 12.7 years , mean duration of Sativex use of 3.6 years ( median 3.4 years ) and a mean daily dose of 8.25 sprays . outcome of time to treatment failure was significantly in favour of Sativex ( p = 0.013 ) . endpoints showed significant changes in the Carer and Subject 's Global Impression of Change scales in favour of Sativex . of Sativex efficacy in long-term symptomatic improvement of spasticity to a group of subjects with MS has been confirmed using this study design ."
4127,Abstract #4127,"evaluate staged low-dose approaches for coronary CT angiography ( CTA ) in which a standard sequence was added if the low-dose sequence did not allow reliable rule-out of coronary stenosis . total of 176 consecutive patients referred for dual-source CTA were randomized to three protocols : group 1 using prospective ECG-triggering ( 100 kV , 330 mAs ) , group 2 a retrospectively gated `` MinDose '' sequence ( 100 kV , 330 mAs ) and group 3 a standard spiral sequence ( 120 kV , 400 mAs ) . image quality in low-dose groups 1 or 2 was non-diagnostic , an additional standard CT examination ( as in group 3 ) was performed . image quality was found in 11/56 , 4/55 , and 2/65 patients ( 46/896 , 4/880 and 3/1 ,040 coronary segments ) in groups 1 , 2 and 3 , respectively . ( interquartile ranges ) volumes of contrast material , CTDI ( vol ) , DLP and effective dose for low-dose groups 1 and 2 and for standard group 3 were 92.5 ( 11.3 ) , 75.0 ( 2.5 ) and 75.0 ( 9.0 ) ml ; 8.0 ( 1.4 ) , 16.8 ( 4.8 ) and 48.1 ( 14.2 ) mGy ; 108.0 ( 27.3 ) , 246.0 ( 93.0 ) and 701.0 ( 207.8 ) mGy cm ; and 1.5 ( 0.4 ) , 3.4 ( 1.3 ) and 9.8 ( 2.9 ) mSv , respectively . staged coronary CTA protocol with an initial low-dose approach and addition of a standard sequence -- should image quality be too low -- can lead to a substantial reduction in radiation exposure ."
4128,Abstract #4128,"knowledge and skills are needed to work effectively with an interpreter , but most doctors have received limited training . competency may not accurately identify training needs . purpose of this study is to explore the association between self-assessed competency at working with an interpreter and the ability to identify elements of good practice , using a written vignette . mailed questionnaire was sent to 619 doctors and medical students in Geneva , Switzerland . % of respondents considered themselves to be highly competent at working with a professional interpreter , but 22 % failed to mention even one element of good practice in response to the vignette , and only 39 % could name more than one . was no association between self-rated competency and number of elements mentioned . efforts should challenge the assumption that working with an interpreter is intuitive . of clinicians ' ability to work with an interpreter should not be limited to self-ratings . the context of large-scale surveys , written vignettes may provide a simple method for identifying knowledge of good practice and topics requiring further training ."
4129,Abstract #4129,"delivery of migraine-specific medication to its site ( s ) of action is thought to be crucial in preventing or minimizing sensitization of central pain pathways and thereby in optimizing pain-free outcomes in patients with migraine . has been developed as a new tablet formulation to enhance the rate of systemic drug delivery by improving tablet disintegration and drug dispersion relative to those of conventional tablets . enhanced formulation characteristics may be beneficial during occurrences of the gastric stasis that can accompany migraine . randomized , open-label , 4-way crossover study ( n = 32 ) was conducted to determine whether the new formulation of sumatriptan 50 and 100 mg is bioequivalent to sumatriptan conventional tablets and to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of the new formulation and the conventional tablet during the early ( 0-2 h ) postdose interval in healthy volunteers . during the early post-dose interval are important in determining a drug 's onset of action , an important parameter to patients with migraine . results confirm that the new formulation of sumatriptan and sumatriptan conventional tablets are bioequivalent as demonstrated by the finding that the 90 % confidence intervals for the sumatriptan area under the concentration time curve to infinity and to the last evaluable time point ( AUC ( 0 - infinity ) and AUC ( 0-t ) , respectively ) and maximum plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) fell within the predetermined bounds defining bioequivalence ( 0.80-1 .25 ) for both doses . parameters measured early ( 0-2 h ) after dosing reveal slightly faster absorption , on average , of the new sumatriptan formulation than sumatriptan conventional tablets although high intersubject variability was observed . the new sumatriptan formulation , AUC ( 0-2 ) ( AUC up to 2 h post dose ) was , on average , 1 % greater ( 50 mg ) and 8 % greater ( 100 mg ) and maximal sumatriptan levels were attained , on average , 10 min earlier ( 50 mg ) and 15 min earlier ( 100 mg ) compared with the conventional tablet . measures including AUC ( 0-0 .5 ) ( AUC to 30 min post-dose ) , times to achieve sumatriptan concentrations of 5 and 10 ng/mL , and mean percentage C ( max ) 15 , 20 and 30 min post-dose demonstrate an observable improvement in rate of drug absorption for the new form of sumatriptan compared with conventional tablets . new form of sumatriptan is bioequivalent to sumatriptan conventional tablets and is absorbed more quickly than conventional tablets ."
4130,Abstract #4130,"compare the effects of deep breathing exercises ( DBE ) and the flow-oriented incentive spirometry ( IS ) in patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) through the following variables : forced vital capacity - FVC , forced expiratory volume in 1 second - FEV ( 1 ) , maximal respiratory pressures and oxygen saturation . six patients in CABG postoperative period underwent thirty minutes of non-invasive ventilation during the first 24 hours after extubation and were randomly shared into two groups as following : DBE ( n = 18 ) and IS ( n = 18 ) . spirometric variables were assessed on the preoperative period and seventh postoperative day ( POD ) . respiratory muscle strength and oxygen saturation were assessed on the preoperative period , first , second and seventh POD . groups were considered homogeneous in relation to the demographic and surgical variables . has been noted fall in the values of FVC and FEV ( 1 ) between the preoperative period and the seventh POD , but without significant differences between groups . maximal respiratory pressures showed drop in the first POD but with and partial recovery until the seventh POD , also without significant differences between groups . oxygen saturation was the only variable that was completely recovered on the seventh POD , also without significant differences between groups . were not observed significant differences in maximal respiratory pressures , spirometric variables and oxygen saturation in patients undergone deep breathing exercises and flow-oriented incentive spirometry after coronary artery bypass grafting ."
4131,Abstract #4131,"compare the effects of betamethasone and dexamethasone on fetal heart rate in appropriately grown fetuses . pregnant women ( 97 fetuses ) with preterm labour were randomly allocated to receive betamethasone ( n = 42 ) or dexamethasone ( n = 40 ) for fetal lung maturation in a nonblinded fashion . cardiotocogram ( CTG ) parameters were compared before , during and after treatment . decrease in fetal heart rate variability was found with betamethasone but no significant changes were found with dexamethasone . heart rate variability returned to pre-treatment values within a week after cessation of treatment with betamethasone . outcome was similar in the two groups . findings might prove useful in the management of compromised fetuses with decreased fetal heart rate variability in which the CTG should be used together with other parameters to assess fetal wellbeing during corticosteroid treatment . may be preferable as the drug of choice since it was associated with significantly less alteration in fetal heart rate variability compared with betamethasone ."
4132,Abstract #4132,"study assessed the effectiveness of adding spa therapy to usual drug treatment in chronic low back pain patients . total of 224 patients were assigned randomly to either a treatment ( n = 128 ) or a control ( n = 96 ) group . in both groups received usual drug therapy . in the treatment group also underwent spa therapy in Vittel , France , for 6 days a week for 3 consecutive weeks . was assessed using a quality-of-life scale ( the Duke Health Profile ) , clinical measures , and the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire . were compared using an analysis of variance with repeated measures . both 3 weeks and 3 months , patients in the treatment group exhibited significant improvement in measures of : physical and mental dimensions of quality of life , anxiety , depression , pain duration , pain intensity , and functional disability . study suggests that spa therapy is an effective treatment for chronic low back pain patients ."
4133,Abstract #4133,"a randomized , double-blind , prospective study , we investigated whether an intraoperative high versus low dose of remifentanil increased postoperative hyperalgesia and whether magnesium can prevent remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia . patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups . was intraoperatively infused at 0.05 g/kg/min ( group LO ) or 0.2 g/kg/min ( groups HI and HM ) . in group HM received MgSO ( 4 ) 30 mg/kg at induction followed by an intraoperative infusion of 10 mg/kg/h . pain thresholds on the forearm and periincisional area were assessed by von Frey filament the evening before surgery and postoperatively at 24 and 48 hours . measured on a verbal numerical rating scale ( VNRS ) ( 0-10 ) and additional analgesics were recorded in the postanesthesia care unit postoperatively at 6 , 24 , and 48 hours . was a significantly greater decrease in pain threshold on the periincisional area at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively in group HI , as compared with the other 2 groups . 95 % confidence intervals for the mean difference in pain thresholds on the periincisional area at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were 0.31 to 1.11 and 0.36 to 1.14 for group HI versus group LO , 0.45 to 1.26 and 0.54 to 1.32 for group HI versus group HM ( values are log ( 10 ) of force in milligrams ) . change in pain threshold on the forearm was similar among the groups . HI had significantly higher VNRS scores ( median [ interquartile range ] , 3 [ 2-4 ] ) than group LO ( 2 [ 1-3 ] and group HM ( 2 [ 1-3 ] ) at 48 hours postoperatively . 95 % confidence intervals for median difference in VNRS score at 48 hours postoperatively were 1 to 2 for group HI versus group LO and 0 to 2 for group HI versus group HM . were no significant differences in the number of patients who requested rescue analgesics in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and general ward during 48 hours postoperatively among the 3 groups . relatively high dose of intraoperative remifentanil enhances periincisional hyperalgesia . MgSO ( 4 ) prevents remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia . , hyperalgesia did not reach clinical relevance in terms of postoperative pain or analgesic consumption in patients undergoing thyroidectomy ."
4134,Abstract #4134,"medication dosing has been recognized as a high-error activity with the potential to cause serious harm . studies assess systems approaches to error reduction in pediatrics . estimate the decrease in deviation from recommended medication doses associated with use of a pediatric intervention standardization system in the acute setting . , 2-treatment crossover trial with data collected between December 1 , 1999 , and February 29 , 2000 . , academic medical center . sample of 28 resident physicians , representing 69 % of pediatrics and 50 % of medicine-pediatrics residents . resident participated in 4 simulated pediatric resuscitations . Broselow Pediatric Emergency Tape and color-coded materials were available in either the first or second 2 scenarios . dosing references were available in all scenarios . difference between deviation from recommended dose range ( DRDR ) in scenarios where color coding was used ( intervention ) and DRDR in scenarios where color coding was not available ( control ) . DRDR in intervention scenarios was 25.4 % lower than in control scenarios ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 19.1 % -32.5 % ; P < .001 ) . 4 medication prescriptions in intervention scenarios and in 54 prescriptions in control scenarios , DRDRs exceeded 100 % . deviation from recommended equipment sizes in intervention scenarios was 0.12 size lower than in control scenarios ( 95 % CI , 0.03-0 .22 size ; P < .001 ) . in equipment size of 2 or more sizes were noted in 1 size determination in intervention scenarios and in 21 size determinations in control scenarios . coding was associated with a significant reduction in deviation from recommended doses in simulated pediatric emergencies . potentially clinically significant deviations from recommended doses and equipment sizes were avoided . studies should measure impact in the real clinical setting ."
4135,Abstract #4135,"improve patient survival and decrease rejection episodes in heart transplant recipients . studied the effects of simvastatin treatment on myocardial tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) expression ; TNF-alpha is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with hypertrophy and fibrosis in heart transplant recipients . randomized 10 consecutive heart transplant recipients to receive either 20 mg/day simvastatin ( n = 5 ) or placebo ( n = 5 ) for 6 months after cardiac transplantation . surveillance endomyocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from all patients . analyzed tissues for myocardial TNF-alpha content , total collagen content , and myocyte size using semiquantitative immunohistochemistry . size and total collagen content of placebo and simvastatin groups did not show a statistically significant difference at any biopsy time point . TNF-alpha content ( % tissue area stained ) at 1 week after transplantation was similar in the simvastatin and placebo groups . the 24 ( th ) week after transplantation , when compared with Week 1 values , we found a significant decrease in myocardium TNF-alpha content in the simvastatin group ( 15.0 % + / - 2.3 % vs 5.8 % + / - 2.4 % , p = 0.02 ) that was not observed in the placebo group ( 15.0 % + / - 1.5 % vs 12.0 % + / - 2.6 % , p = not significant ) . treatment in heart transplant recipients decreased myocardium TNF-alpha expression . decrease did not translate into a difference in the markers of hypertrophy . , decreased myocardial TNF-alpha may be a marker of a general statin-mediated decrease in inflammation in the transplanted heart that leads to improved graft and patient survival ."
4136,Abstract #4136,"is a lack of evidence on the best treatment option for umbilical granuloma . primary aim of this study was to compare three treatments for umbilical granuloma : standard treatment with topical silver nitrate , clobetasol propionate cream ( 0.05 % ) and ethanol wipes . secondary aim was to evaluate whether the treatment could be successfully administered by a parent at home , rather than in the outpatient clinic . total of 109 infants were randomised to one of three groups and 94 infants completed the assigned treatment : 30 infants received standard treatment with silver nitrate ( 99 % ) in the outpatient clinic , 30 infants had topical clobetasol propionate cream ( 0.05 % ) applied at home , and 34 infants received cleansing with ethanol wipes ( 82 % ) at home . nitrate and clobetasol propionate cream ( 0.05 % ) were significantly superior to ethanol wipes , with shorter healing times and higher resolution rates ( p = 0.0001 ) . time and resolution rates were identical for silver nitrate and clobetasol propionate cream ( 0.05 % ) . side effects were occasionally reported , all of which were self-limiting . umbilical granuloma with topical clobetasol propionate cream ( 0.05 % ) at home is as effective as treating it with topical silver nitrate ( 99 % ) in the clinic ."
4137,Abstract #4137,"lipoproteins ( HDLs ) from type 2 diabetic patients are unable to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins ( ox-LDLs ) on vasorelaxation . hypothesized that glitazones , which improve glycemic control and dyslipidemia , could correct this abnormality . compared the ability of HDL from controls ( n = 12 ) and from type 2 diabetic patients before and after 6 months of treatment with either rosiglitazone ( n = 11 ) or pioglitazone ( n = 8 ) to counteract the inhibitory effect of ox-LDL on vasodilatation of rabbit aorta rings . induced a decrease in hemoglobin A1c ( 7.7 % 1.1 % vs 9.8 % 1.0 % , P = .003 ) and an increase in HDL cholesterol ( 1.14 0.32 vs 0.98 0.24 mmol/L , P = .033 ) . induced a decrease in hemoglobin A1c ( 8.3 % 2.5 % vs 9.5 % 3.2 % , P = .068 ) and serum triglycerides ( 1.58 0.89 vs 2.03 0.70 mmol/L , P = .069 ) and an increase in HDL cholesterol ( 1.39 0.22 vs 1.14 0.22 mmol/L , P = .018 ) . triglyceride content of HDL was unchanged by rosiglitazone and was decreased by 25 % ( P = .068 ) by pioglitazone . from controls counteracted the inhibitory effect of ox-LDL on vasodilatation ( maximal relaxation [ Emax ] = 74.4 % 3.5 % vs 51.9 % 3.3 % , P = .0029 ) , whereas HDL from type 2 diabetic patients did not ( Emax = 51.7 % 5.8 % vs 52.3 % 4.6 % [ P = .66 ] and 52.7 % 5.5 % vs 51.9 % 4.5 % [ P = .78 ] for the rosiglitazone and pioglitazone group , respectively ) . or pioglitazone did not improve Emax ( 58.6 % 5.9 % vs 52.3 % 4.6 % [ P = .15 ] and 49.3 % 6.5 % vs 51.9 % 4.5 % [ P = .48 ] , respectively ) . increased the concentration of HDL cholesterol without restoring the ability of HDL particles to protect the endothelium from oxidative stress-induced dysfunction , meaning that HDL remained dysfunctional with impaired antiatherogenic properties ."
4138,Abstract #4138,"compare baseline characteristics and treatment response of participants with hemiretinal vein occlusion ( HRVO ) with those of participants with branch retinal vein occlusion ( BRVO ) or central retinal vein occlusion ( CRVO ) in the Standard Care vs COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion ( SCORE ) Study . were randomized to standard care , 1 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide , or 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide . care was observation in the SCORE-CRVO trial and grid photocoagulation in the SCORE-BRVO trial . HRVO eyes were enrolled in the SCORE-BRVO trial . characteristics , changes in visual acuity and center point thickness , safety outcomes , and number of treatments were compared among HRVO , BRVO , and CRVO participants . baseline , HRVO eyes were intermediate between BRVO and CRVO eyes in area of retinal thickening , area of fluorescein leakage , visual acuity , and center point thickness . differences in visual acuity change from baseline to 1 year were noted between standard care groups for HRVO and BRVO . triamcinolone-treated eyes , HRVO eyes did not differ from BRVO eyes in visual acuity change , but HRVO eyes fared better than CRVO eyes . were no differences in center point thickness change between standard care groups for HRVO and BRVO , nor were there differences across the 3 disease entities for triamcinolone-treated eyes . were no differences in frequency of protocol treatments and adverse events . HRVO participants were similar to BRVO and CRVO participants regarding most demographic characteristics , with fundus findings intermediate between BRVO and CRVO . the SCORE Study , HRVO was treated as BRVO ; HRVO eyes responded to treatment similarly to BRVO eyes , and there was no difference among the 3 disease entities in frequency of protocol treatments and adverse events . Identifier : NCT00105027 ."
4139,Abstract #4139,"patients who are difficult to wean from ventilation consume a substantial portion of intensive care unit ( ICU ) resources . patients also typically undergo a long period of mechanical ventilation ( MV ) and have a high mortality rate . efficacy of a dual-mode weaning strategy ( alternation of invasive and noninvasive MV ) in tracheotomy patients who are difficult to wean is unknown . performed this prospective , randomized , controlled trial in a 17-bed respiratory ICU from July 2009 to October 2011 . tracheotomy , patients who failed for 3 consecutive days in a spontaneous breathing trial were enrolled ( n = 32 ) and randomly allocated to either the dual-mode ( n = 15 ) or conventional ( n = 17 ) weaning group . with the conventional group , patients in the dual-mode group had a shorter duration of MV during the entire study ( median 38 days , interquartile range [ IQR ] : 28-53 vs 59 , IQR : 39-88 , P = 0.03 ) and after randomization ( median 10 days , IQR : 4-21 vs 37 , IQR : 16-51 , P < 0.01 ) . also had a shorter ICU stay ( median 44 days , IQR : 32-54 vs 72 , IQR : 52-102 , P = 0.01 ) , a lower mortality rate during weaning ( 1 of 15 vs 7 of 17 , P = 0.04 ) , and a lower rate of pulmonary infection after randomization ( 3 of 15 vs 12 of 17 , P < 0.01 ) . weaning is a promising strategy for treating tracheotomy patients who are difficult to wean . a small cohort of patients with tracheotomies , we demonstrated that dual-mode weaning reduced the total duration of MV and ICU stay ; we recommend additional studies to assess its effect on pulmonary infections and mortality ."
4140,Abstract #4140,"at natural altitude effectively prevents acute mountain sickness ( AMS ) . is , however , unknown whether prevention of AMS is also possible by only sleeping in normobaric hypoxia . a placebo-controlled , double-blind study 76 healthy unacclimatized male subjects , aged 18 to 50 years , slept for 14 consecutive nights at either a fractional inspired oxygen ( Fio2 ) of 0.14 to 0.15 ( average target altitude 3043 m ; treatment group ) or 0.209 ( control group ) . days later , AMS scores and incidence of AMS were assessed during a 20-hour exposure in normobaric hypoxia at Fio2 = 0.12 ( equivalent to 4500 m ) . of technical problems with the nitrogen generators , target altitude was not achieved in the tents and only 21 of 37 subjects slept at an average altitude considered sufficient for acclimatization ( > 2200 m ; average , 2600 m ) . , in a subgroup analysis these subjects were compared with the 21 subjects of the control group with the lowest sleeping altitude . analysis showed a significantly lower AMS-C score ( 0.38 ; 95 % CI , 0.21 to 0.54 ) vs 1.10 ; 95 % CI , 0.57 to 1.62 ; P = .04 ) and lower Lake Louise Score ( 3.1 ; 95 % CI , 2.2 to 4.1 vs 5.1 ; 95 % CI , 3.6 to 6.6 ; P = .07 ) for the treatment subgroup . incidence of AMS defined as an AMS-C score greater than 0.70 was also significantly lower ( 14 % vs 52 % ; P < .01 ) . 14 consecutive nights in normobaric hypoxia ( equivalent to 2600 m ) reduced symptoms and incidence of AMS 4 days later on exposure to 4500 m."
4141,Abstract #4141,"study explored whether two exercise programs would affect the ability to minimize postural sway of 72 relatively inactive , older subjects who participated in the Atlanta FICSIT trial . were randomly assigned to ( 1 ) a computerized balance training group , ( 2 ) a tai chi group , or ( 3 ) an educational group serving as a control for exercise . group consisted of 24 members . subjects were evaluated under four postural conditions before , immediately after , and 4 months following their respective interventions , each of which was given over 15 weeks . balance measures revealed greater stability after training among subjects in the balance training group but little change in stability among subjects in the tai chi and educational group . in the tai chi group were less afraid of falling after training compared with subjects in other groups with similar covariates . computerized balance training , tai chi does not improve measures of postural stability . tai chi delayed onset to first or multiple falls in older individuals , this effect does not appear to be associated with measures of enhanced postural stability . chi may gain its success , in part , from promoting confidence without reducing sway rather than primarily facilitating a reduction in sway-based measures ."
4142,Abstract #4142,"safety and efficacy of mixed amphetamine salts extended release ( MAS XR ) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) . interim analysis of the Quality of life , Effectiveness , Safety , and Tolerability ( QU.E.S.T . ) , an ongoing , 30-week , open-label , multicenter investigation of once-daily MAS XR ( 10-60 mg/day ) in adults ( > or = 18 years of age ) with ADHD in community practice settings . up to 10 weeks of open-label MAS XR 10 to 60 mg/day ( final visit mean dose : 37.2 mg/day ) , 725 adults exhibited rapid , sustained improvement in ADHD symptoms . end point , significant decreases from baseline were seen in ADHD Rating Scale IV total scores ( -19.8 + / -11.6 ; P < .0001 ) , hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale ( -8.1 + / -6.1 ; P < .0001 ) , and inattentive subscale ( -11.6 + / -6.7 ; P < .0001 ) . subjects ( 74.4 % ) were rated as very much/much improved . on the 36-item Short Form Health Survey ( version 2 ) , significant improvements in quality of life were seen in the domains of general health , physical and mental health , vitality , and social , emotional and physical role functioning ( P < .0001 ) . subjects ( 6.9 % ) withdrew due to adverse events ; the most common MAS XR-related adverse events were decreased appetite and dry mouth ( 19.2 % each ) , insomnia ( 17.8 % ) , and headache ( 16.8 % ) . adults with ADHD , MAS XR treatment is generally safe and demonstrates significant improvement in ADHD symptoms and related quality of life ."
4143,Abstract #4143,"is a common operation in urology associated with considerable postoperative pain . aim of this prospective , randomized , double-blind study was to investigate whether a combination of general anesthesia and bilateral nerve stimulator guided paravertebral nerve blocks could provide better postoperative pain relief compared to general anesthesia in combination with placebo paravertebral nerve block . patients scheduled for varicocelectomy were randomized prospectively . patients each in either the active group ( general anaesthesia combined with nerve stimulator guided bilateral paravertebral block ) or the control group ( general anaesthesia combined with normal saline nerve stimulator guided bilateral paravertebral block ) . pain was assessed by visual analogue scale scores at predetermined time intervals . active group was found to have better postoperative pain-relief ( p < 0.005 ) , reduced need for analgesics ( p < 0.05 ) , and also a more rapid return to normal activities ( p < 0.001 ) compared to control group . surgeon and patient satisfaction ( p < 0.001 ) were noted in the active group compared to the control group . paravertebral blockade combined with general anesthesia showed significantly reduced postoperative pain scores and analgesic consumption , earlier return to normal activity and was associated with better patient and surgeon satisfaction during varicocelectomy surgery ."
4144,Abstract #4144,"purpose of the study was to explore heterogeneity and differential treatment outcome among a sample of patients with binge eating disorder ( BED ) . latent class analysis was conducted with 205 treatment-seeking , overweight or obese individuals with BED randomized to interpersonal psychotherapy ( IPT ) , behavioral weight loss ( BWL ) , or guided self-help based on cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBTgsh ) . latent transition analysis tested the predictive validity of the latent class analysis model . 4-class model yielded the best overall fit to the data . 1 was characterized by a lower mean body mass index ( BMI ) and increased physical activity . in Class 2 reported the most binge eating , shape and weight concerns , compensatory behaviors , and negative affect . 3 patients reported similar binge eating frequencies to Class 2 , with lower levels of exercise or compensation . 4 was characterized by the highest average BMI , the most overeating episodes , fewer binge episodes , and an absence of compensatory behaviors . 1 and 3 had the highest and lowest percentage of individuals with a past eating disorder diagnosis , respectively . latent transition analysis found a higher probability of remission from binge eating among those receiving IPT in Class 2 and CBTgsh in Class 3 . latent class analysis identified 4 distinct classes using baseline measures of eating disorder and depressive symptoms , body weight , and physical activity . of the observed differential treatment response are discussed ."
4145,Abstract #4145,"suggests that quantitative information in direct-to-consumer ( DTC ) prescription drug ads may be helpful for consumers . objective was to examine the effect of adding placebo rates and framing to DTC ads . study 1 , 2,000 Internet panel members with chronic pain participated in a randomized controlled experiment of DTC ads varying in placebo rate and framing . study 2 , 596 physicians ranked DTC ads varying in placebo rate and framing by how well they conveyed scientific information and their usefulness for patients . study 1 , participants who viewed placebo rates were able to recall them and use them to form certain perceptions . mixed frame led to lower placebo rate recall and perceived efficacy . study 2 , overall , physicians preferred a placebo/single frame ad . placebo rates to DTC ads may be useful for consumers . evidence does not support using a mixed frame ."
4146,Abstract #4146,"this open , randomized and comparative study , the safety and efficacy of systemic fluconazole , itraconazole and terbinafine was investigated in 50 patients with distal subungual toenail onychomycosis diagnosed clinically and mycologically . patients with positive mycology and also the patients with positive microscopy and negative culture were investigated . treatment duration was 3 months , and the follow-up period was 6 months . were randomly assigned : 16 patients received 150 mg fluconazole once weekly , 18 patients received 200 mg itraconazole twice daily with meals during the first week of each month , and 16 patients received 250 mg/day terbinafine during the treatment period . a clinical evaluation , at the endpoint of the follow-up period , the clinical cure rates were 81.3 % ( 13/16 ) in the terbinafine group , 77.8 % ( 14/18 ) in the itraconazole group , and 37.5 % ( 6/16 ) in the fluconazole group . mycological cure rates were 75 % ( 12/16 ) , 61.1 % ( 11/18 ) and 31.2 % ( 5/16 ) , respectively . overall assessment rates were 62.5 % ( 10/16 ) , 61.1 % ( 11/18 ) and 31.2 % ( 5/16 ) , respectively . significant intra-group reductions from baseline symptom severity values were seen at the endpoint of treatment and at the endpoint of the follow-up period for all three treatment groups in onycholysis , subungual hyperkeratosis , affected-area percentage score and total score parameters ( p < 0.001 ) . the endpoint of the follow-up period , statistically significant differences between the treatment groups were seen in clinical , mycological and overall assessment ( p < 0.05 ) . , while no statistically significant difference between the terbinafine and itraconazole groups was seen , there was a clinical and statistical difference between the other groups and the fluconazole group . was not stopped for side effects such as mild gastrointestinal and central nervous system symptoms . effects were noted in four patients in the fluconazole group ( 25 % ) , five patients in the itraconazole group ( 27.8 % ) , and three patients in the terbinafine group ( 18.75 % ) . clinical laboratory data on all three drug groups did not show any statistically or clinically significant intra-group changes from baseline values at the endpoint ( p > 0.05 ) . comparative study of systemic fluconazole , itraconazole and terbinafine showed that all three drugs were effective and safe in the treatment of onychomycosis . , fluconazole , at these doses and treatment durations , was the least effective . regard to cost-effectiveness , side effects and the cure rates , terbinafine could be the drug of choice in the short-term treatment of toenail onychomycosis ."
4147,Abstract #4147,"sphincterotomy , the use of pharmacological agents to reduce anal sphincter resting pressure , has become more and more popular in the treatment of chronic anal fissures ( CAFs ) . offers the possibility to avoid a lateral internal sphincterotomy and its associated risk of incontinence . our hospital , patient with a chronic anal fissure are consecutively treated with isosorbide dinitrate 1 % ointment , applied 6 times a day for 8 weeks , followed by diltiazem 2 % ointment , applied 2 times a day for 8 weeks and Botulin Toxin A injections ( Dysport ; Ipsen , Hoofddorp , the Netherlands ) in the internal anal sphincter . a previous study ( 1 ) , we describe high healing rates with this regime . The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the combination of fissurectomy and Botulin Toxin A in the treatment of CAFs . patients ( 10 male patients , median age 48 years ) with persistent symptoms of chronic anal fissures after following the above mentioned treatment , were enrolled in this study . was combined with Botulinum Toxin A ( 80 U of Dysport ) under regional anaesthesia in day care . After 12 weeks 19/21 CAFs ( 90 % ) had healed . follow-up was 16 ( 9-30 ) months . recurrences were seen . in combination with Botulinum Toxin A injection in the internal anal sphincter is an effective treatment for medically resistant CAFs ."
4148,Abstract #4148,"triple therapy with bismuth , tetracycline and metronidazole is one of the most economic and effective regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori . aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of two different doses of tetracycline ( TET ) and metronidazole ( MET ) on cure of H. pylori infection and its MET-resistant strains . total of 131 patients with duodenal ulcer were randomized into three groups and received the following medication for 2 weeks : group A , colloidal bismuth subcitrate ( CBS ) 3 x 120 mg + TET 3 x 500 mg + MET 3 x 250 mg/day ; group B , CBS 3 x 120 mg + TET 3 x 500 mg + MET 3 x 125 mg/day ; group C , CBS 3 x 120 mg + TET 3 x 250 mg + MET 3 x 125 mg/day . endoscopy was performed after 6 weeks . biopsy specimens from antral and three from corpus mucosa were taken for a urease test , histology and culture . was concluded if all three tests were negative for H. pylori . resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method . total , 121 patients completed the study . two of the 43 patients in group A discontinued the therapy due to intolerance . of H. pylori infection was achieved by per protocol analysis in 33 of 43 patients in group A ( 76.7 % ) , in 20 of 40 patients in group B ( 50 % ) and in 20 of 38 patients in group C ( 52.6 % ) ( P < 0.05 for A versus B or C ) . out of 112 patients had H. pylori strains resistant to MET ( 42 % ) . each group , the cure rate of infection was higher in patients with MET-sensitive H. pylori than in MET-resistant H. pylori ( 80.7 % versus 64.2 % in group A , 60 % versus 38.8 % in group B and 52.6 % versus 40 % in group C , respectively ) . of MET dose from 375 mg ( in groups B and C ) to 750 mg/day ( in group A ) seems to augment the eradication of MET-sensitive as well as MET-resistant strains ( up from 52 % to 84 % and from 39 % to 64 % , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) . rate of H. pylori infection under classic triple therapy remains unaffected by dose reduction of tetracycline but not of metronidazole . countries with a high prevalence of metronidazole resistance , such as Iran , higher doses of metronidazole are probably needed to increase the cure rate of bismuth triple therapy ."
4149,Abstract #4149,"evaluate the effect of tribochemical silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of metal and ceramic brackets bonded to enamel surfaces with light-cured composite resin . metal and 20 ceramic brackets were divided into four groups ( n = 10 for each group ) . specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment conditions of the metal and ceramic brackets ' surface : ( 1 ) tribochemical silica coating combined with silane and ( 2 ) no treatment . were bonded to the enamel surface on the labial and lingual sides of human maxillary premolars ( 20 total ) with a light-polymerized resin composite . specimens were stored in water for 1 week at 37 degrees C and then thermocycled ( 5000 cycles , 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C , 30 seconds ) . shear bond strength values were measured on a universal testing machine . 's t-test was used to compare the data ( alpha = 0.05 ) . types of failures were observed using a stereomicroscope . and ceramic brackets treated with silica coating with silanization had significantly greater bond strength values ( metal brackets : 14.2 + / - 1.7 MPa , P < .01 ; ceramic brackets : 25.9 + / - 4.4 MPa , P < .0001 ) than the control groups ( metal brackets : 11.9 + / - 1.3 MPa ; ceramic brackets : 15.6 + / - 4.2 MPa ) . specimens of metal and ceramic exhibited cohesive failures in resin and adhesive failures at the enamel-adhesive interface , whereas control specimens showed mixed types of failures . coating with aluminum trioxide particles coated with silica followed by silanization gave higher bond strengths in both metal and ceramic brackets than in the control group ."
4150,Abstract #4150,"assess the effects of additional gait trainer assisted walking exercises on walking performance in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy . randomized controlled study . physical therapy outpatient clinic . spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsied children of both sexes ( 10-13 years - 19 girls and 11 boys ) . were randomly assigned into two equal groups ; experimental and control groups . in both groups received a traditional physical therapy exercise programme . in the experimental group received additional gait trainer based walking exercises which aimed to improve walking performance . was provided three times per week for three successive months . received baseline and post-treatment assessments using Biodex Gait Trainer 2 assessment device to evaluate gait parameters including : average step length , walking speed , time on each foot ( % of gait cycle ) and ambulation index . in the experimental group showed a significant improvement as compared with those in the control group . ambulation index was 75.537.36 ( 11.932.89 change score ) for the experimental group and 66.065.48 ( 2.134.43 change score ) for the control group ( t = 3.99 and P = 0.0001 ) . of support for the affected side was 42.43.37 ( 72.20 change score ) for the experimental group and 38.064.63 ( 3.336.25 change score ) for the control group ( t = 2.92 and P = 0.007 ) . , there was a significant improvement in step length and walking speed in both groups . trainer combined with traditional physiotherapy increase the chance of improving gait performance in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy ."
4151,Abstract #4151,"investigate the effect of inhaled nitric oxide ( NO ) treatment in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension on adenosine 5 ' - diphosphate ( ADP ) - dependent platelet activation . parental informed consent , infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn were randomly assigned to receive conventional treatment ( control group ) or treatment with 40 parts per million of inhaled NO . activation was measured at time of entry and 30 minutes later by surface expression of P-selectin in response to increasing concentrations of the agonist ADP ( 0 , 2 , 5 , 10 , and 20 microM ) using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry . examined 11 infants in the inhaled NO group and 13 in the control group . expression , quantified as mean fluorescence , was not significantly different in the two groups of patients at baseline . percent change from baseline fluorescence was assessed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test . 30 minutes after enrollment there were no statistically significant changes from baseline fluorescence in either group of patients and at all ADP concentrations . minutes of exposure to 40 ppm of inhaled NO does not inhibit ADP-dependent platelet activation as measured by surface expression of P-selectin in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn ."
4152,Abstract #4152,"study was designed to determine whether an education program consisting of classroom and on-road training could enhance driving performance . randomized controlled trial with blinded endpoint assessment enrolled 126 community-living drivers 70 years old or older who were recruited from clinic and community sources . assignment was concealed until eligibility was established . randomized to intervention underwent two 4-hour classroom and two 1-hour on-road sessions focused on common problem areas of older drivers . received modules directed at vehicle , home , and environmental safety . knowledge test and driving performance were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks . driving performance was assessed by an experienced evaluator in a dual-brake-equipped vehicle in urban , residential , and highway traffic . performance was rated on a 36-item scale with potential scores from 0 to 72 ( higher score better ) . knowledge test included 20 road knowledge and eight road sign questions , scored from 0 to 28 correct . least squares mean change in road test score relative to baseline was 2.87 points higher in the intervention than in the control group ( p = .001 ) . least squares mean change in knowledge test scores relative to baseline was 3.45 points higher in the intervention than in the control group ( p < .001 ) . education program consisting of classroom and on-road training targeted to common errors of older drivers enhanced performance on knowledge and on-road tests . interventions offer older drivers the potential to continue driving safely longer and to maintain their out-of-home mobility ."
4153,Abstract #4153,"effect of glutamine ( Gln ) supplementation in patients undergoing a major operation has not been conclusively established . study was designed to elucidate the effect of Gln supplementation on the surgical outcome after a pancreaticoduodenectomy ( PD ) for periampullary tumors . prospective , randomized , double-blind , and controlled clinical trial was undertaken for patients who underwent a classical PD or a pylorus-preserving PD for periampullary tumors . Gln and control groups received isonitrogenous amino acid , with a 0.2 g/kg per day Gln regimen administered to the Gln group . surgical outcome was compared in light of length of postoperative hospital stay , nutritional and chemical profiles , and complication rate between the Gln and control groups . of the consecutive 143 patients who were admitted to undergo operation for periampullary tumors were enrolled in our study ; 32 were in the Gln group and 28 in the control group . two groups were comparable prior to and during the operation . median length of the postoperative hospital stay and the postoperative nutritional and chemical profiles were not different between two groups . overall and PD-related complication rates of the Gln group ( 37.5 % and 25.0 % ) and the control group ( 28.6 % and 14.3 % ) were not statistically different . significant beneficial effect of Gln supplementation with a low-dose parenteral regimen was demonstrated on the surgical outcome after a PD for periampullary tumors . , we should be prudent in using Gln as a routine pharmacologic supplement to the standard nutrition in patients who undergo major operations ."
4154,Abstract #4154,"study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two different dose regimens of misoprostol administered vaginally in combination with mifepristone for second trimester termination of viable and non-viable pregnancies . randomized controlled trial conducted at the University hospital in the Netherlands . hundred seventy-six women between 14 and 24 weeks gestation with an intrauterine fetal death ( n = 31 ) , congenital or genetic abnormalities of the fetus ( n = 116 ) or requesting a termination of pregnancy for psychosocial reasons ( n = 29 ) were studied . was into one of two groups . groups ingested mifepristone 200 mg . on the randomization group , this was followed by either 200 or 400 mcg misoprostol given vaginally beginning 36-48 h later at 4-h intervals ( with a maximum of 10 administrations in 48 h ) until the fetus was delivered . , administration of the medication and assessment of the outcome was performed independently from the investigators . outcome measures were expulsion rate and the number of incomplete abortions warranting surgical evacuation of retained products of conception . outcome measures consisted of the time between the first administration of misoprostol to the delivery of the fetus , side-effects , blood loss , live births and changes in hemoglobin level . the 200-mcg misoprostol group , 66 % ( 57/86 ) had a complete expulsion of fetus and placenta compared to 73 % ( 66/90 ) in the 400-mcg group ( p = NS ) . time between the first administration of misoprostol and delivery of the fetus was significantly longer in the misoprostol 200-mcg group : mean 11.6 h ( range : 9.7-13 .5 h ) versus 9.3 h ( range : 8.1-10 .5 h ) in the 400-mcg group ( p = .042 ) . significant differences between the groups were found for frequency of side-effects like nausea , retching , vomiting , fever , headaches and diarrhea . loss was similar in both groups with a mean of 337 mL in the 200 mcg misoprostol and 296 mL in the 400-mcg misoprostol group ( p = NS ) . the women with a viable pregnancy at the beginning of the trial , 18.6 % ( 13/70 ) in the 200 mcg misoprostol group delivered a live fetus compared to 22.8 % ( 17/75 ) in the 400 mcg misoprostol group ( p = NS ) . regimens used in this trial proved to be equally effective for termination of both viable and non-viable pregnancies during the second trimester . time between the first administration of misoprostol and delivery of the fetus was significantly longer in the 200-mcg group than in the 400-mcg group . outcome may be used as the rationale for choosing a 400 mcg misoprostol regimen for termination of pregnancy during the second trimester ."
4155,Abstract #4155,"is a selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase , which is used to manage hyperuricemia in patients with gout . objective of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of two different strength of febuxostat formulations ( 80 mg and 40 mg ) . randomized , single-dose , open-label , two-period , two-sequence crossover study with a 7-day washout period was conducted in 30 healthy male subjects . received either reference ( 1 80 mg ) or test ( 2 40 mg ) formulations during the first period and the alternative formulation during the second period . samples for the drug analysis were collected up to 24 hours after treatment . pharmacokinetic parameters were comparable between the two formulations The observed mean Cmax , AUC ( last ) , and AUC ( ) values for the reference formulation were 3,670 ng/mL , 12,086 ng x h/mL , and 12,880 ng x h/mL , respectively . values for the test formulation were 4,108 ng/mL , 12,689 ng x h/mL , and 13,278 ng x h/mL , respectively . geometric mean ratios ( 90 % CI ) between the two formulations were 1.1273 ( 1.0286 - 1.2355 ) for Cmax , 1.054 ( 1.0115 - 1.0980 ) for AUC ( last ) , and 1.0395 ( 0.9959 - 1.0851 ) for AUC ( ) . changes of serum uric acid at 24 hours after reference and test formations were comparable ( -1.36 mg/dL for reference and -1.37 mg/dL for test ; p = 0.892 ) . results of the present study indicated that the reference and test formulations have comparable pharmacokinetics and that these two formulations meet the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence . addition , the reduction of serum UA levels in the reference formulation was similar to that of the test formulation after a single dose ."
4156,Abstract #4156,", hypercatabolism , refractory nitrogen wasting , hyperglycemia , and immunosuppression accompany traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) . dysfunction occurs , affecting growth hormone ( GH ) and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I ( IGF-I ) concentrations . authors evaluated whether combination IGF-I/GH therapy improved metabolic and nutritional parameters after moderate to severe TBI . authors conducted a prospective , randomized , double-blind study comparing combination IGF-I/GH therapy and a placebo treatment . patients with TBI were enrolled in the study within 72 hours of injury and were assigned to receive either combination IGF-I/GH therapy or placebo . patients received concomitant nutritional support . growth factor-I was administered by continuous intravenous infusion ( 0.01 mg/kg/hr ) , and GH ( 0.05 mg/kg/day ) was administered subcutaneously . control group patients received normal saline solution in place of both agents . and metabolic monitoring continued throughout the 14-day treatment period . two groups did not differ in energy expenditure , nutrient intake , or use of insulin treatment . mean daily serum glucose concentration was higher in the treatment group ( 123 + / - 24 mg/dl ) than in the control group ( 104 + / - 11 mg/dl ) ( p < 0.03 ) . positive nitrogen balance was achieved within the first 24 hours in the treatment group and remained positive in that group throughout the treatment period ( p < 0.05 ) . pattern was not observed in the control group . IGF-I concentrations were above 350 ng/ml in the treatment group throughout the study period . , the mean plasma IGF-I concentrations were 1003 + / - 480.6 ng/ml in the treatment group and 192 + / - 46.2 ng/ml in the control group ( p < 0.01 ) . combination of IGF-I and GH produced sustained improvement in metabolic and nutritional endpoints after moderate to severe acute TBI ."
4157,Abstract #4157,"compare the efficacies of nebulized vs. intravenous fentanyl for the relief of abdominal pain . randomized , double-blind , double-placebo-controlled study compared nebulized and intravenous fentanyl ( 1.5 micro g/kg ) . I received intravenous fentanyl and nebulized saline . II received nebulized fentanyl and intravenous saline . scores were measured at baseline and at 15 and 30 minutes after the study drug , using a 100-mm visual analog scale . minutes after the study drug , the subjects were offered rescue medication . groups were compared for changes in pain scores at 30 minutes ( primary outcome , t-test ) , changes in pain scores at 15 minutes ( t-test ) , and need for rescue medication ( Fisher 's exact test ) . was defined as p < 0.05 . subjects ( 24 group I , 26 group II ) were enrolled . groups were similar with respect to mean baseline pain ( 72 mm group I , 74 mm group II ) and demographics . statistically significant difference in changes in pain scores at 15 minutes favoring group I ( 25 mm vs. 10 mm , p = 0.005 ) was not evident by 30 minutes ( 25 mm vs. 16 mm , p = 0.24 ) . groups were not different with respect to need for rescue medication ( 50 % in group I compared with 69 % in group II , p = 0.25 ) . fentanyl provides comparable analgesia to that of intravenous fentanyl ."
4158,Abstract #4158,"randomized study has prospectively followed subcutaneous adipose tissue mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) changes when starting thymidine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( tNRTIs ) . Metabolic Effects of DIfferent CLasses of AntiretroviralS study randomized HIV-positive , treatment-naive male participants to start lopinavir/ritonavir ( LPVr ) with either zidovudine/lamivudine ( ZDV/3TC ) or nevirapine ( NVP ) . body fat was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography at months 0 , 3 , 12 , 24 and 36 . a molecular substudy , subcutaneous adipose tissue ( SAT ) biopsies were taken , with mtDNA quantified by quantitative PCR . were analyzed using repeated measures linear regression analyses . 50 participants recruited ( 23 to LPVr/ZDV/3TC ) , 48 started therapy , and 37 participants ( 19 on LPVr/ZDV/3TC ) enrolled in the substudy . 36 months , the LPVr/ZDV/3TC group had significantly lower limb fat [ 6.4 kg ( 0.26 ) versus 7.3 kg ( 0.31 ) , P = 0.017 ] and a trend toward lower abdominal SAT compared to the LPVr/NVP group [ 131 cm ( 6.86 ) versus 146 cm ( 6.33 ) , P = 0.097 ] . 36 months , mtDNA declined in the LPVr/ZDV/3TC group [ mtDNA region 1 : -190 ( 95 ) copies/cell , P = 0.053 , region 2 : -269 ( 106 ) copies/cell , P = 0.016 ] but not within the LPVr/NVP group [ region 1 : +28 ( 99 ) copies/cell , P = 0.78 , region 2 : +51 ( 111 ) copies/cell , P = 0.65 , between-group difference P < 0.01 for both measurements ] . was significantly lower in the LPVr/ZDV/3TC group at 36 months . is the first randomized study to prospectively demonstrate reductions in SAT mtDNA in patients initiating ZDV/3TC-containing antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) but not in those initiating nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing ART containing NVP and protease inhibitor . reductions in SAT mtDNA were also accompanied by lower limb fat suggests that use of ART not containing ZDV/3TC may help prevent development of peripheral lipoatrophy ."
4159,Abstract #4159,"with chronic stroke often demonstrate a `` plateau , '' or deceleration of motor recovery , which may lead to discharge from physical therapy ( PT ) . , numerous studies report improvements in motor function when individuals are provided intensive practice of motor tasks . suggest that reduced task-specific walking practice during clinical PT contributes to limited gains in ambulatory function in those with a perceived plateau poststroke , and suggest that further gains can be realized if intensive stepping , or locomotor training ( LT ) is provided after discharge . subjects with chronic stroke completed a repeated baseline measures , randomized crossover trial in which walking performance was assessed during the last 4 weeks of clinical PT before discharge secondary to reaching a plateau , followed by 4 weeks of intensive LT and 4 weeks of no intervention . measures included clinical and physiological ( metabolic ) measures of walking overground and on a treadmill , and measures of daily stepping activity in the home and community , including during clinical PT and subsequent LT sessions . practice was more than 4-fold higher during LT versus clinical PT sessions , with significant improvements in daily stepping and gait efficiency only after LT. Changes in daily stepping after clinical PT and intensive LT were correlated ( P < 0.001 ) with the amount of stepping practice received during these interventions . LT results in improved daily stepping in individuals poststroke who have been discharged from PT because of a perceived plateau in motor function . improvements may be related to the amount and intensity of stepping practice ."
4160,Abstract #4160,"study evaluated differences in stress response and immunological function following laparoscopic and conventional total mesorectal excision ( TME ) for rectal cancer . with non-metastasized rectal cancer were prospectively randomized to open ( n = 18 ) or laparoscopic ( n = 22 ) TME . samples were taken preoperatively ( baseline ) , 2 , 24 , and 72 h following surgery . white blood cell and monocyte count , C-reactive protein , interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) , HLA-DR expression on monocytes , growth hormone , prolactin , and cortisol were measured . patients with a median age of 66 years ( interquartile range , 60-74 years ) were included . patients ( 45 % ) were randomized to open surgery and 22 patients ( 55 % ) to laparoscopic surgery . demographics in terms of gender , age , BMI , ASA classification , localization of the tumor , and type of neoadjuvant therapy were comparable for both groups . surgery resulted in a significantly better short-term preservation of postoperative immune function . expression on monocytes was significantly higher ( 64 % vs 50 % , P = 0.014 ) and IL-6 level increase was significantly lower ( 4.6 vs 10.8 , P = 0.003 ) 2 h after laparoscopic surgery . differences between the open and laparoscopic technique were observed in postoperative white blood cell count , monocyte count , C-reactive protein , IL-8 , growth hormone , prolactin , and cortisol levels . postoperative immune and inflammatory functions tended to be better after laparoscopic rectal surgery . , the differences were not consistent at all time intervals , making a definitive conclusion difficult . preserved inflammatory function 2 h after surgery may reflect a reduction in operative trauma when the laparoscopic technique is compared with open rectal procedures ."
4161,Abstract #4161,"evaluate the sedative properties of 3 dosages of the benzodiazepine tranquilizer midazolam as a means of chemical restraint in quail ( Colinus virginianus ) and to evaluate the ability of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil to reverse the sedative effects of midazolam . randomized controlled trial . 1 , 30 birds ; study 2 , 10 birds . studies were performed . the first study , 30 birds were randomly assigned to receive midazolam at a dosage of 2 , 4 , or 6 mg/kg of body weight ( 10 birds/dosage ) . of sedation was evaluated by use of a numerical scale , and the peak time of adequate chemical restraint was determined . dosage in study 1 that produced the highest degree of sedation was administered to 10 birds in study 2 . was administered at a dosage of 0.1 mg / kg at the peak time of sedation that had been determined in study 1 . of 6 mg of midazolam/kg induced the highest degree of chemical restraint without causing alterations in cardiopulmonary function . time of sedation was 10 minutes after administration ; however , administration of 4 mg of midazolam / kg also induced a high degree of sedation , but for a shorter period . of flumazenil caused complete recovery from sedation induced with midazolam . of midazolam to wild birds induced adequate sedation . of the study reported here may be extrapolated to other species of wild birds , including raptors and , possibly , pet birds ."
4162,Abstract #4162,"determine place of vitamin D in prevention and treatment of cardiorenal syndrome ( CRS ) and chronic allograft nephropathy ( CAN ) in the aspect of myocardial and renal reparation . Russia and the Netherlands we included in a randomized placebo controlled study 120 vitamin D deficient [ 25 ( OH ) vitamin D < 40 mol/l ] recipients of asystolic and cadaveric donors . were divided in 4 groups : paricalcitol ( 2-4 g/day ) group ( n = 28 ) , calcitriol ( 1-6 g/day orally ) group ( n = 28 ) , diet ( 1200-1800 IU/day of vitamin D with multivitamins and from foodstuffs ) group ( n = 26 ) , placebo with diet control group ( n = 27 ) . 180 days degree of CAN according to the Banff classification was 1.24 and 1.22 in paricalcitol and calcitriol groups , respectively , compared with 1.43 and 1.68 in diet and placebo groups , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . filtration rate ( GFR ) changed from 46.7 to 84.4 , 81.4 , 76.8 , and 54.5 ml/min/1 .73 m3 in paricalcitol , calcitriol , diet and placebo groups , respectively . activated cell scanning ( FACS ) analysis allowed to detect quantitative induction of SP + cells amounting 7.4 , 2.9 and 1.2 % ; 7.2 , 2.7 ; and 1.1 % ; 6.1 , 2.9 and 1.2 % ; 9.3 , 1.3 and 0.7 % of peripheral blood progenitors , renal epithelial cells , and cardiomyocytes in paricalcitol , calcitriol , diet and placebo groups , respectively . of CD133 , CD34 , CD73 , and CD105 were significantly elevated in patients of paricalcitol ( median 161 , range 0-834 copies ) , calcitriol ( 163 , 0-721 ) , and diet ( 119 , 0-401 ) groups , compared with the placebo group ( 0,0-41 ) , p < 0.01 . of nuclear vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) protein in renal tissue homogenizate and myocardium achieved 584 , 599 , 478 , and 333 mole VRD/mg and 801 , 715 , 654 , and 389 mole VRD/mg of protein in paricalcitol , calcitriol , diet and placebo groups , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . progenitor stem cells demonstrated comparatively high level of VDR expression -- 529 , 526 , 401 , and 211 mole VRD/mg in CD133 , CD34 cells ; 432 , 414 , 303 , and 290 mole VRD/mg in CD73 , CD105 cells ; 549 , 558 , 442 , and 302 mole VRD/mg in SP + cells in paricalcitol , calcitriol , diet and placebo groups , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . was detected in 4 ( 14 % ) patients in calcitriol group ( p < 0.001 ) . influence of antihypertensive therapy arterial pressure decreased after transplantation from 180/101 to 143/87 , 141/94 , 147,102 , and 165/101 mm Hg in paricalcitol , calcitriol , diet and placebo groups , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . heart failure functional class changed from 2.3 to 1.8 , 1.9 , 1.9 , and 2.5 in paricalcitol , calcitriol , diet and placebo groups , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . 6 months after transplantation average CCS scores were 533 ( 0-998 ) , 611 ( 0-1712 ) , 524 ( 122-1278 ) and 990 ( 120-1800 ) cells in paricalcitol , calcitriol , diet and placebo groups , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . D is an effective mean of prevention and treatment of CRS and CAN , stimulator of reparation of renal and myocardial tissues . for wide clinical practice is the use of active vitamin D analog paricalcitol ( 2-4 g/day ) as well as special diet with multivitamins ( up to 1800 IU of cholecalciferol ) ."
4163,Abstract #4163,"determine whether the impact of `` laying on of hands '' on the well-being of patients with advanced cancer is more efficient when performed by a person with self-declared `` healing powers '' as compared to an actor mimicking the healer in close detail . total of 80 patients were registered to participate in a randomized , single-blind phase III trial to evaluate the difference in efficacy of `` laying on of hands '' by either a `` healer '' or an actor . group consisted of 40 patients , scheduled to receive treatment for 5 min , three times a week . effect of treatment was measured using a `` Well-Being scale '' , with the difference of the average score of the `` Well-Being scale '' on day 10 being defined as primary and that on day 5 as secondary endpoint . was no significant difference in average score values between the `` healer '' and the actor with regard to the primary ( p = 0.34 ) or the secondary endpoint ( p = 0.94 ) , but the comparison was limited due to major protocol violations by the `` healer '' who unblinded his status after the first run and quit the study . study was completed by the actor as a descriptive , explorative study on the impact of `` laying on of hands '' . significant improvement in symptoms after treatment was found on day 5 ( p < 0.001 ) and on day 10 ( p = 0.0002 ) . Laying on of hands '' resulted in a significant improvement of cancer - or cancer-therapy-associated symptoms . magnitude of improvement obtained was similar whether on a self-declared-healer - or an actor-provided `` treatment '' ."
4164,Abstract #4164,"punctures ( LP ) generally have been performed with conscious sedation ( CS ) but are increasingly performed using general anesthesia ( GA ) owing to the belief that this is less distressing . aim of this study was to compare these two methods concerning distress , discomfort , pain , well-being and security after the LP , and problems with the LP . children with cancer participated in this prospective , randomized , crossover study . , parents , and nurses completed a visual analogue scale questionnaire to evaluate the efficacy of CS and GA. . addition , sedation and anesthesia protocols were reviewed . two methods seemed to be equivalent concerning distress , discomfort , pain , well-being and security after the procedure , and procedure problems . children ( 80 % ) , parents ( 66 % ) , and nurses ( 58 % ) preferred LP in CS . , the LP was not performed in CS in five cases because the child did not cooperate . children less often preferred CS . for CS and GA in LP were similar . there were failures with the CS model , most preferred it to GA. . in CS also saved time and medical resources . alternative approach would be to have a pediatric anesthesiologist available at the oncology ward for these elective LPs to provide the sedation or anesthesia required by each individual ."
4165,Abstract #4165,", an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 , has various pleiotropic effects besides its antiplatelet activity . study examined the efficacy of cilostazol for the treatment of acute perforating artery infarction . this prospective , randomized , open-label , blinded-end point trial , 100 patients with cerebral infarction in the territory of the lenticulostriate arteries were enrolled within 48 h of onset . were randomly treated with both cilostazol and ozagrel for 14 days ( n = 50 , cilostazol group ) or ozagrel alone for 14 days ( n = 50 , control group ) . primary end point was the proportion of favorable outcomes 30 days after randomization as defined by a modified Rankin Scale ( mRS ) score of 0-2 . end points included the incidence of neurological deterioration ( an increase of 2 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale within 7 days ) . outcomes ( mRS scores 0-2 ) were similar in both groups ( 81.3 and 82.0 % in the cilostazol and control groups , respectively ) . incidence of neurological deterioration was lower in the cilostazol group than the control group ( 12.5 and 16.0 % , respectively ) with a 21.9 % relative risk reduction , although the difference was not statistically significant . did not prevent the neurological deterioration of perforating artery infarction ."
4166,Abstract #4166,"there is a dose-response relationship between physical activity ( PA ) and health benefit , little is known about the effectiveness of different PA prescriptions on total daily PA. . test , under real-life conditions and using an objective , non-invasive measurement technique ( accelerometry ) , the effect of prescribing additional physical activity ( walking only ) of different durations ( 30 , 60 and 90 min/day ) on compliance ( to the activity prescribed ) and compensation ( to total daily PA ) . in each group were prescribed 5 sessions of walking per week over 4 weeks . normal-weight and overweight women ( mean BMI 25 5 kg/m ( 2 ) , height 165 1 cm , weight 68 2 kg and mean age 27 1 years ) were randomly assigned to 3 prescription groups : 30 , 60 or 90 min/day PA. . duration resulted in an almost linear increase in the number of steps per day during the prescription period from an average of about 10,000 steps per day for the 30-min prescription to about 14,000 for the 90-min prescription . was excellent for the 30-min prescription but decreased significantly with 60-min and 90-min prescriptions . parallel , degree of compensation subsequent to exercise increased progressively as length of prescription increased . 30-min prescription of extra walking 5 times per week was well tolerated . , in order to increase total PA further , much more than 60 min of walking may need to be prescribed in the majority of individuals . total exercise ` volume ' increased with prescriptions longer than 30 min , compliance to the prescription decreased and greater compensation was evident ."
4167,Abstract #4167,"limit of vulnerability ( ULV ) testing using T-wave scanning shocks at multiple coupling intervals correlates well with defibrillation threshold ( DFT ) , but remains underutilized in clinical practice . measured DFT and ULV at a single coupling interval ( SCI ) , with the aim to identify adequate safety margin at a coupling interval that correlates best with DFT . patients undergoing implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation underwent simultaneous SCI-ULV and DFT assessment . a drive train of 400 ms , a T-wave-coupled shock was delivered . minimize shocks , patients were randomized to programmed shock at 20 ms before peak ( Group I ) , at peak ( Group II ) , or 20 ms after peak ( Group III ) of T wave . initial T-wave test shock at 9 J was followed by 2 J shocks , until SCI-ULV was ascertained . rescue shocks were programmed at test shock +2 J and +4 J shocks followed by external rescue shock . were 200 patients : 66 patients in Group I , 67 patients each in Groups II and III ; mean age was 68.9 12.4 years ; 75 % of patients men , 66 % with ischemic heart disease and mean ejection fraction of 27.1 7.1 % . , the mean number of ventricular fibrillation induction was 1.39 0.8 , mean SCI-ULV energy was 7.97 3.39 J , and mean DFT was 8.68 3.19 J. correlation between SCI-ULV and DFT improved from Group I to Group III and was best in Group III ( r ( 2 ) = 0.689 ) . were no major adverse events . measured 20 ms after the peak of the T wave correlates well with DFT for assessment of adequate safety margin ."
4168,Abstract #4168,"interfaces ( BCIs ) based on sensorimotor rhythms use a variety of motor tasks , such as imagining moving the right or left hand , the feet or the tongue . the tasks that yield best performance , specifically to each user , is a time-consuming preliminary phase to a BCI experiment . study presents a new adaptive procedure to automatically select ( online ) the most promising motor task for an asynchronous brain-controlled button . develop for this purpose an adaptive algorithm UCB-classif based on the stochastic bandit theory and design an EEG experiment to test our method . compare ( offline ) the adaptive algorithm to a nave selection strategy which uses uniformly distributed samples from each task . also run the adaptive algorithm online to fully validate the approach . not wasting time on inefficient tasks , and focusing on the most promising ones , this algorithm results in a faster task selection and a more efficient use of the BCI training session . precisely , the offline analysis reveals that the use of this algorithm can reduce the time needed to select the most appropriate task by almost half without loss in precision , or alternatively , allow us to investigate twice the number of tasks within a similar time span . tests confirm that the method leads to an optimal task selection . study is the first one to optimize the task selection phase by an adaptive procedure . increasing the number of tasks that can be tested in a given time span , the proposed method could contribute to reducing ` BCI illiteracy ' ."
4169,Abstract #4169,"aimed to test whether cilostazol has beneficial effects in the real-world patients treated with intracoronary drug-eluting stents ( DES ) . addition of cilostazol on the conventional dual antiplatelet therapy has been reported to reduce platelet reactivity and to improve clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in previous studies . a randomized multicenter trial , we enrolled 960 patients who received DES . were randomized to receive either dual antiplatelet therapy ( DAT ) ( aspirin and clopidogrel ) or triple antiplatelet therapy ( TAT ) ( aspirin , clopidogrel , and cilostazol ) for 6 months . end point was the composite of cardiac death , nonfatal myocardial infarction , ischemic stroke , or target lesion revascularization ( TLR ) . end points were P2Y reaction unit ( PRU ) measured with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay ( Accumetrics , San Diego , California ) at discharge and at 6 months after the index procedure . death , stent thrombosis , and each component of the primary end point at 6 months were other secondary end points . was done on an intention-to-treat basis . 6 months ' follow-up , there was no difference in the primary end point between the 2 groups ( 8.5 % in TAT vs. 9.2 % in DAT , p = 0.74 ) . secondary end point analysis , the TAT group achieved lower PRU levels than the DAT group both at discharge ( 206.6 90.3 PRU vs. 232.2 80.3 PRU , p < 0.001 ) and at 6 months ( 210.7 87.9 PRU vs. 255.7 73.7 PRU , p < 0.001 ) . the Cox proportional hazards analysis , lesion length ( 28 mm , hazard ratio [ HR ] : 2.10 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 1.25 to 3.52 ) , and PRU level at discharge ( every increase in tertile , HR : 1.61 , 95 % CI : 1.16 to 2.25 ) were predictors of the primary end point , but not the use of cilostazol ( HR : 0.90 , 95 % CI : 0.54 to 1.52 ) . the greater reduction of platelet reactivity by addition of cilostazol to conventional DAT , TAT did not show superiority in reducing the composite of adverse cardiovascular outcomes after DES implantation . The Efficacy of CILostazol ON Ischemic Complications After DES Implantation [ CILON-T ] ; NCT00776828 ) ."
4170,Abstract #4170,"is an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the beta isoform of protein kinase C and which may have therapeutic activity in prostate cancer . explored the efficacy of docetaxel/prednisone with or without enzastaurin in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer . nonrandomized safety cohort consisting of 14 patients was followed by a double-blind randomized Phase II trial . received standard doses of docetaxel ( 75 mg/m ( 2 ) ) with prednisone 10 mg daily with or without 500 mg/day of enzastaurin . was no difference in the objective response rate between the enzastaurin and placebo arms ( placebo : 7 [ 15.2 % ] ; enzastaurin : 6 [ 15.0 % ] ; P = 1.00 ) . median PFS was 229 days for patients in the enzastaurin arm versus 213 days for the placebo arm ( P = 0.524 ) . 1-year overall survival rates were almost identical , with 76.7 % and 75.1 % in the enzastaurin and placebo arms , respectively . was well tolerated although the combination of enzastaurin and docetaxel was more myelosuppressive than with docetaxel alone . clinical activity of docetaxel/prednisone plus enzastaurin can not be distinguished from docetaxel/prednisone alone , given the limitations of a randomized Phase II design . the toxicity profile was favorable for the enzastaurin-containing regimen , there is no compelling rationale to move this combination forward for the treatment of castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer ."
4171,Abstract #4171,"( BBs ) improve outcomes in heart failure . from the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study in Elderly ( CIBIS-ELD ) trial previously demonstrated the feasibility of heart rate , not maximum dose , as a treatment goal . this pre-specified analysis , we investigated the prognostic value of achieved heart rate after BB optimization on long-term mortality . heart failure patients from the CIBIS-ELD trial were invited to participate in a follow-up examination 4 years after the initial 12-week BB up-titration period . relationship between all-cause mortality , BB dose , and heart rate after titration and potentially confounding clinical variables was analysed by multivariable Cox regression . total , 728 patients ( 38 % women ; mean age 72.9 5.4 years ) were included . a mean follow-up period of 45 9 months , 134 patients ( 19 % ) died , thus accumulating 2268 patient-years at risk . was no significant difference in baseline heart rate for survivors and non-survivors ( P = 0.19 ) . models adjusting for age , sex , BB pre-treatment , ventricular function , heart rate , and NYHA class at baseline , a heart rate increase by 10 b.p.m. following up-titration was associated with a subsequent mortality hazard ratio of 1.19 ( 95 % confidence interval 1.02-1 .38 , P = 0.023 ) . heart rate range with the lowest mortality and the fewest treatment-related adverse events was 55-64 b.p.m. achieved BB dose was not associated with mortality risk . heart rate after up-titration , but not BB dose , predicted all-cause mortality risk in elderly patients with chronic heart failure . patients should be titrated to resting heart rates between 55 and 64 b.p.m."
4172,Abstract #4172,"empirical support for the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy ( CBT ) as a treatment for major depressive disorder ( MDD ) is well established , its mechanism of action is uncertain . this investigation , we examined evidence for the cognitive mediational model in a randomized control trial involving CBT , interpersonal therapy ( IPT ) and pharmacotherapy ( PHT ) in patients with MDD . hundred and thirty participants diagnosed with MDD were treated with CBT , IPT or PHT . completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale , Beck Depression Inventory-II and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale prior to and following treatment . cognitive mediational model , in which dysfunctional attitudes are proposed to mediate depressive symptom reduction in response to treatment , provided a good fit to the data when contrasting CBT v. IPT , with results supporting a mediational role for dysfunctional attitude change in depressive symptom reduction . complication model , in which dysfunctional attitudes are proposed to be a consequence of depressive symptom reduction , provided a good fit to the data when contrasting CBT v. PHT , with results supporting a mediational role for depressive symptom reduction in dysfunctional attitude change . was no evidence for a mediational role for dysfunctional attitude change in IPT . in dysfunctional attitudes accompanied both CBT and PHT ; however , empirical evidence suggests that the role of attitudes in treatment outcome may differ between these two treatments ."
4173,Abstract #4173,"analysis of signal-averaged P waves ( SAPW ) can provide insights into atrial electrophysiology . dosing of verapamil prior to cardioversion improves outcome at 1 week postcardioversion . mechanism by which verapamil manifests benefit is uncertain . hypothesized the SAPW would reflect any change in atrial electrophysiologic substrate afforded by verapamil when compared with controls . investigated 23 patients attending external cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation ( AF ) ( 6 female ; mean age 68 years ) . were randomized to verapamil 240 mg daily in three divided doses 3 days before cardioversion and 1 week after , or usual medication . recordings were performed during sinus rhythm ( SR ) immediately after cardioversion , at 24 hours and 1 week . groups were comparable in terms of age , gender , left atrial size , and duration of AF . of nine patients prescribed verapamil maintained SR at 1 week postcardioversion compared with 6 of 14 controls ( P = 0.027 ) . spectral analysis delivered higher energy for patients prescribed verapamil ( median ( IQ range ) ) ; 40.8 ( 33.4-95 .1 ) versus 25.7 ( 19.0-38 .0 ) for energy within 20-150 Hz , P20 ( microV ( 2 ) x s ; P = 0.03 ) . was no difference in P-wave duration ( PWD ) or root mean square of the terminal 30 ms between the two groups . reinitiation occurred in patients with significantly lower P-wave energy 19.6 ( 12.9-24 .6 ) versus 39.9 ( 24.0-47 .0 ) ( P = 0.017 ) . 240 mg daily for 3 days prior to cardioversion and 1 week after reduces early recurrence of AF . SAPW observations indicate change in atrial electrophysiologic substrate might be responsible for benefit afforded by verapamil ."
4174,Abstract #4174,"myocardial infarction ( AMI ) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide . stress has been involved in the ischemia-reperfusion injury in AMI . has been suggested that reperfusion accounts for up to 50 % of the final size of a myocardial infarct , a part of the damage likely to be prevented.Therefore , we propose that antioxidant reinforcement through vitamins C and E supplementation should protect against the ischemia-reperfusion damage , thus decreasing infarct size.The PREVEC Trial ( Prevention of reperfusion damage associated with percutaneous coronary angioplasty following acute myocardial infarction ) seeks to evaluate whether antioxidant vitamins C and E reduce infarct size in patients subjected to percutaneous coronary angioplasty after AMI . is a randomized , 1:1 , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial.The study takes place at two centers in Chile : University of Chile Clinical Hospital and San Borja Arriarn Clinical Hospital.The subjects will be 134 adults with acute myocardial infarction with indication for percutaneous coronary angioplasty.This intervention is being performed as a pilot study , involving high-dose vitamin C infusion plus oral administration of vitamin E ( Vitamin-treatment group ) or placebo ( Control group ) during the angioplasty procedure . , the Vitamin-treatment group receives oral doses of vitamins C and E , and the Control group receives placebo for 84 days after coronary angioplasty.Primary outcome is infarct size , assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance ( CMR ) , measured 6 and 84 days after coronary angioplasty.Secondary outcomes are ejection fraction , measured 6 and 84 days after coronary angioplasty with CMR , and biomarkers for oxidative stress , antioxidant status , heart damage , and inflammation , which will be measured at baseline , at the onset of reperfusion , 6 to 8 hours after revascularization , and at hospital discharge . ischemia-reperfusion event occurring during angioplasty is known to increase myocardial infarct size . cardioprotective benefits of high doses of vitamin C combined with vitamin E have not been fully explored . PREVEC Trial seeks to determine the suitability of the therapeutic use of vitamins C and E against the reperfusion damage produced during angioplasty.Patient recruitment opened in February 2013 . trial is scheduled to end in March 2016 . ."
4175,Abstract #4175,"prospective study investigated the effects of caffeine ingestion on the extent of adenosine-induced perfusion abnormalities during myocardial perfusion imaging ( MPI ) . patients with inducible perfusion abnormalities on standard ( caffeineabstinent ) adenosine MPI underwent repeat testing with supplementary coffee intake . and test MPIs were assessed for stress percent defect , rest percent defect , and percent defect reversibility . levels of caffeine and metabolites were assessed on both occasions and correlated with MPI findings . significant increases in caffeine [ mean difference 3,106 g/L ( 95 % CI 2,460 to 3,752 g/L ; P < .001 ) ] and metabolite concentrations over a wide range , there was no statistically significant change in stress percent defect and percent defect reversibility between the baseline and test scans . increase in caffeine concentration between the baseline and the test phases did not affect percent defect reversibility ( average change -0.003 for every 100 g/L increase ; 95 % CI -0.17 to 0.16 ; P = .97 ) . was no significant relationship between the extent of adenosine-induced coronary flow heterogeneity and the serum concentration of caffeine or its principal metabolites . , the stringent requirements for prolonged abstinence from caffeine before adenosine MPI - based on limited studies - appear ill-founded ."
4176,Abstract #4176,"study assessed pharmacokinetics ( PK ) and pharmacodynamic postprandial glycemia ( PPG ) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T1DM ) after a standardized liquid meal following insulin lispro ( IL ) or regular human insulin ( RHI ) given by microneedle-based intradermal ( ID ) versus subcutaneous ( SC ) delivery . this randomized , open-label , five-way crossover study , 29 T1DM patients received IL and RHI ( 0.125 U/kg ) at 2 min and 17 min premeal , respectively , by both the SC and ID routes and also received RHI by the ID route at 2 min premeal . glucose was stabilized at 120 mg/dL prior to a standardized 82-g carbohydrate liquid meal . delivery used a 34-gauge 1.5-mm steel microneedle , and SC delivery used a 31-gauge 8-mm syringe needle . 90-min PPG ( blood glucose area under the curve for 0-1 .5 h ) for ID RHI was 14 % lower than SC RHI at -17 min ( P < 0.0001 ) and 11 % lower than ID RHI at -2 min ( P = 0.0006 ) . did not differ between ID RHI and SC IL , both at -2 min ( P = 0.8345 ) . IL PPG was lower than SC , both at -2 min , but not significantly ( P = 0.10 ) . ID IL and ID RHI PK data showed significantly faster uptake and time to maximum concentration , higher maximum concentration , and shorter systemic circulating duration versus SC dosing . IL and RHI delivery was generally well tolerated . with RHI administered ID via microneedle was improved versus SC delivery when dosed 17 min premeal . RHI provided similar control of PPG as SC IL immediately premeal . studies of ID insulin delivery via steel microneedles are warranted ."
4177,Abstract #4177,"compare dilutional effect of distilled water with saline solution as an irrigation fluid in percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL ) . hundred twenty eight adult patients ( 191 men , 137 women ) who were candidates for PCNL were randomly assigned into two groups ( distilled water , n = 158 , group 1 ; saline solution , n = 162 , group 2 ) . size , operation time , irrigation fluid volume , blood hemoglobin level , urea nitrogen , creatinine , sodium and potassium levels were checked before and at 6 and 12 hours after operation . mean age of the patients was 37.8 years , and the mean stone diameter was 31.5 mm . was no clinical case of transurethral resection ( TUR ) syndrome . sodium depletion was significantly more in group 1 than group 2 ( P < .0001 ) . 1 had significant decreased post-operative serum sodium levels ( P < .0003 ) . in group 2 , postoperative serum sodium levels were significantly lower than the preoperative concentration ( P < .01 ) , but it was not the same 6 hours after the operation ( P = .23 ) . sodium concentrations remained within normal limits in all cases , without causing clinical signs and symptoms of hyponatremia . found that distilled water is safe irrigation fluid for PCNL in adults . addition , it is more available and cost effective ."
4178,Abstract #4178,"investigate the effect and the mechanism of Shenfu injection ( SFI ) on the resuscitation from general anesthesia . patients who received selective abdominal surgery with general anesthesia for 3-4 hrs and ASA grade I-II were divided into two groups , the trial group and the control group , 20 patients in each group . being sent into the postanesthesia care unit ( PACU ) , the trial group was treated with intravenous dripping of SFI 1.0 ml/kg and the control group was treated with intravenous dripping of equal volume of normal saline . patients were observed in double blindly manner , the self ventilation recovery time , extubation time , the time of leaving PACU and their Glasgow coma scale ( GCS ) were recorded and compared . ml of peripheral venous blood were taken to determine the plasma beta-endorphin ( beta-EP ) content at the time points of before ( T1 ) , 5 min ( T2 ) , 15 min ( T3 ) and 30 min ( T4 ) after dripping . self ventilation recovery time , extubation time and time of leaving PACU in the trial group were all shorter than those in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) , the GCS in the trial group was better than that in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . plasma content of beta-EP raised gradually along the recovering of patients consciousness , as compared with the content before dripping ( T1 ) , it showed insignificant difference at time point T2 but significant difference at T3 and T4 comparison at the corresponding time point showed that the content at T1 and T2 were similar in the two groups ( P > 0.05 ) , but at T3 and T4 , the content was higher in the trial group than that in the control group respectively ( P < 0.01 ) . could accelerate the resuscitation after general anesthesia , the mechanism may be related with its action in raising plasma beta-EP level ."
4179,Abstract #4179,", repetitive administration of helium before prolonged coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion protects myocardium against infarction . receptors mediate the cardioprotective effects of ischemic pre - and postconditioning , but whether these receptors also play a role in helium preconditioning is unknown . authors tested the hypotheses that opioid receptors mediate helium preconditioning and that morphine ( a mu ( 1 ) - opioid receptor agonist with delta ( 1 ) - opioid agonist properties ) lowers the threshold of cardioprotection produced by helium in vivo . randomized , prospective study . university research laboratory . New Zealand white rabbits . ( n = 56 ) were instrumented for the measurement of systemic hemodynamics and subjected to a 30-minute left anterior descending coronary artery ( LAD ) occlusion and 3 hours of reperfusion . separate experimental groups , rabbits ( n = 6 or 7 per group ) received 0.9 % saline ( control ) , 1 or 3 cycles of 70 % helium-30 % oxygen administered for 5 minutes interspersed with 5 minutes of an air-oxygen mixture , morphine ( 0.1 mg/kg intravenously ) , or the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone ( 6 mg/kg intravenously ) before LAD occlusion . groups of rabbits received 3 cycles of helium or 1 cycle of helium plus morphine ( 0.1 mg/kg ) in the absence or presence of naloxone ( 6 mg/kg ) before ischemia and reperfusion . analysis of data was performed with analysis of variance for repeated measures followed by Bonferroni modification of the Student t test . infarct size was determined by using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and presented as a percentage of the left ventricular area at risk . reduced myocardial infarct size in an exposure-related manner ( 36 + / - 6 [ p > 0.05 ] and 25 % + / - 4 % [ p < 0.05 v control ] for 1 and 3 cycles of helium , respectively ; data are mean + / - standard deviation ) compared with control ( 44 % + / - 7 % ) . and naloxone alone did not affect infarct size ( 45 + / - 2 and 40 % + / - 8 % , respectively ) . combination of 1 cycle of helium and morphine reduced infarct size ( 24 % + / - 5 % , p < 0.05 v control ) to an equivalent degree as 3 cycles of helium . pretreatment abolished cardioprotection produced by 3 cycles of helium ( 47 % + / - 2 % ) and the combination of 1 cycle of helium plus morphine ( 45 % + / - 4 % ) . results indicate that morphine lowers the threshold of helium preconditioning . receptors mediate helium preconditioning and its augmentation by morphine in vivo ."
4180,Abstract #4180,"clinician delivered advice helps in tobacco cessation efforts . study assessed the impact of our intervention on instances of advice given to dental patients during visits on tobacco use quit rates 6 months after the intervention . intervention was cluster randomized trial at the dental practice level . dental practices were provided a longitudinal technology-assisted intervention , oralcancerprevention.org that included a series of interactive educational cases and motivational email cues to remind dental provides to complete guideline-concordant brief behavioral counseling at the point of care . all dental practices , exit cards were given to the first 100 consecutive patients , in which tobacco users provided contact information for a six month follow-up telephone survey . total of 564 tobacco using dental patients completed a six month follow-up survey . intervention patients , 55 % reported receiving advice to quit tobacco , and 39 % of control practice patients reported receiving advice to quit tobacco ( p < 0.01 ) . tobacco use quit rates were not significantly between the Intervention ( 9 % ) and Control ( 13 % ) groups , ( p = 0.088 ) . we increased rates of cessation advice delivered in dental practices , this study shows no evidence that brief advice by dentist 's increases long-term abstinence in smokers . NCT00627185 ."
4181,Abstract #4181,"foramen ovale is an anomaly responsible for paradoxical embolizations and cerebral ischemic events . . We want to show second harmonic transthoracic echography sensitized by contrast agent perfusion is as well as transesophageal echography to patent foramen ovale detection . hundred twenty one patients referred for transesophageal echocardiography for patent foramen ovale detection , underwent additive second harmonic transthoracic echocardiography with one of three randomized contrast agents : a mixture A of dextrose and air , mixture B of dextrose and air and blood , or mixture C of hydroxyethylamidon . severity of atrial shunting was evaluated on recordings by semi-quantitative scoring . of contrast was also assessed by objective quantitative videodensitometry . difference was observed between the two techniques , nor between mixture A , B and C in terms of PFO detection during each exam . , quantitative contrast analysis showed higher intensity with mixtures B and C with mixture A during transthoracic echography . performed with a contrast agent , second harmonic transthoracic echography and transoesophageal echography are comparable when it comes to patent foramen ovale detection . the composition of the contrast agent does not appear to affect the rate of this detection , contrast quality in the right atrium during transthoracic exam is better with mixtures B and C than with mixture A."
4182,Abstract #4182,"estimate whether perioperative and postoperative outcomes after Burch colposuspension or pubovaginal sling for stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) differed with age . study was a prospective secondary analysis of the Stress Incontinence Surgical Treatment Efficacy Trial . characteristics , adverse events , and 2-year outcomes of women at least 65 years old were compared with those younger than 65 years using chi ( 2 ) and t tests . analyses were performed , including age and outcomes that differed between age groups on univariable analysis , adjusting for variables that differed by age group at baseline and by surgical treatment group . fifty-five women were included in analyses of perioperative events and 520 for 2-year outcomes . age ( + / - standard deviation ) was 69.7 ( + / -3.7 ) years in the older group and 49.4 ( + / -8.2 ) in the younger group . women had slightly longer time to normal activities ( 50 days compared with 42 days , P = .05 ) , but there was no difference in time to normal voiding ( 14 days compared with 11 days , P = .42 ) . women were more likely to have a positive stress test at follow-up ( odds ratio [ OR ] 3.7 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.70-7 .97 , P = .001 ) , less subjective improvement in stress ( 8 point lesser decrease , 95 % CI 1.5-14 .1 , P = .02 ) , and urge incontinence ( 7 point lesser decrease , 95 % CI 1.5-12 .2 , P = .01 ) by the Medical and Epidemiologic Social Aspects of Aging questionnaire , and were more likely to undergo surgical retreatment for SUI ( OR 3.9 , 95 % CI 1.30-11 .48 ) . adverse events and length of stay did not differ between groups . women undergoing surgery for stress incontinence can expect to do as well as younger women with respect to perioperative outcomes , but experience 2-year outcomes that are worse ."
4183,Abstract #4183,"compare the effects of amlodipine and candesartan on oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( OxLDL ) , conjugated dienes ( CD ) and baseline diene conjugation in circulating low-density lipoproteins ( LDL-BDC ) level during antihypertensive treatment . patients with untreated mild to moderate essential hypertension were recruited in a randomized double-blind study to receive a daily dose either of 8 mg candesartan or 5 mg amlodipine for 16 weeks . pressure , OxLDL , CD , LDL-BDC , triglycerides ( TG ) , total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at baseline , at week 2 and at week 16 . treatment , in addition to a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure , high level of OxLDL decreased significantly reaching practically upper kit reference values . treatment groups were similar with regard to the studied parameters at all time points . the same time serum TG , lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels as well as LDL-BDC did not change and CD levels did not exceed endemic normal . in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was associated with decrease in LDL-BDC/LDL . their antihypertensive effects , both candesartan and amlodipine are efficient drugs for reducing OxLDL level , being neutral with regard to serum lipids ."
4184,Abstract #4184,"determine antioxidant levels in plasma , low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) and high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) before and after supplementation with a carotene mixture or lycopene ; to examine the interrelationships between carotenoids and tocopherols in plasma , LDL and HDL under normal dietary conditions and after supplementation with carotene or lycopene ; and to investigate whether supplementation with a carotene mixture or lycopene could enhance the ability of LDL to withstand oxidative stress in vitro , in a group of healthy elderly people aged > or = 65 y. placebo controlled double blind study . living urban adults in Ireland . volunteers aged > or = 65 y. were each provided with capsules providing either 13.3 mg lycopene , or 11.9 mg carotene or placebo for 12 weeks . absolute and cholesterol standardized plasma carotenoid concentrations correlated strongly with LDL and HDL concentrations of carotenoids before and after supplementation with carotene or lycopene . with a carotene mixture or lycopene had no effect on oxidative modification of LDL in vitro despite significant increases in plasma and LDL concentrations of lycopene , alpha-carotene and beta-carotene . results of this study suggest that , in unsupplemented individuals , plasma can act as a biomarker of carotenoid and gamma-tocopherol concentrations in both LDL and HDL . with carotenes or lycopene do not reduce or delay oxidation of LDL . results support the assumption that carotenoids , such as beta-carotene and lycopene , may show protective effects because they are good markers of fruit and vegetable intake ."
4185,Abstract #4185,"suggests that adequate vitamin D status in infancy plays a role in improving bone health and preventing disease , including type 1 diabetes , infections , and asthma . objective of this study was to provide newborn hospitalized infants with American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations of 400 IU/day vitamin D-3 and measure the effect on serum 25 ( OH ) D levels . trial was conducted August 2009 to June 2010 . were randomized to a control were measured from cord blood , every 7 days , and at discharge . parathyroid hormone was measured at discharge . infants < 32 weeks gestational age who received formula feedings during their neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization . characteristics for each treatment group were summarized using descriptive statistics . Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables , and categorical variables were compared using the ( 2 ) test or Fisher 's exact test . Pearson correlation coefficient was used to look at associations between continuous variables . mean cord blood level for all participants was 17.67.0 ng/mL . infants had significantly higher 25 ( OH ) D levels than non-white infants ( P = 0.0003 ) . mean 25 ( OH ) D level at discharge of the supplemented group was 23.17.0 ng/mL ( 57.6617.47 nmol/L ) , the mean 25 ( OH ) D level of the unsupplemented group was 17.84.7 ng/mL ( 44.4311.3 nmol/L ) , ( P = 0.007 ) . 25 ( OH ) D showed a positive correlation with serum calcium in the first week of life ( r = 0.44 , P = 0.003 ) and negative correlation with parathyroid hormone levels at discharge ( r = -0.35 , P = 0.02 ) . newborn hospitalized infants , vitamin D-3 supplementation of 400 IU/day increased mean 25 ( OH ) D levels from 17 ng/mL at birth to 23.1 ng/mL at discharge . 25 ( OH ) D levels were correlated with hypocalcemia during the first week of life , and elevated parathyroid hormone levels at discharge ."
4186,Abstract #4186,"use of ureteral stents before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of kidney stones between 10 and 20 mm . controversial . conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial to evaluate the outcome of ureteral stents for treating solitary kidney stones between 10 and 20 mm . solitary proximal ureteral stones less than 20 mm . shock wave lithotripsy . total of 97 patients who met the aforementioned criteria were randomized between March 1994 to July 1997 into group 1-no stent , group 2-a 4.7 Fr multi-length stent and group 3-a 7Fr multi-length stent . patients were treated with the Dornier HM3 lithotriptor ( Dornier Medical Systems , Inc. , Marietta , Georgia ) and monitored for stone-free rate , number of days lost from work , number of patients requiring rehospitalization , emergency room visits , irritative voiding symptom score and pain symptom score . outcome was obtained from 91 patients based on a followup of at least 3 months . overall stone-free rate was 80 % , with a re-treatment rate of 7 % . number of days lost from work was approximately 2 , with no significant differences among individual groups or subgroups . hospitalization rate and number of emergency room visits in group 1 ( 22 % ) were statistically higher compared to groups 2 ( 7 % ) and 3 ( 7 % ) . irritative voiding symptom score was statistically higher in the stented groups 2 and 3 compared to the nonstented group 1 . ureteral stents are associated with more irritative symptoms , their use resulted in fewer hospital readmissions and emergency room visits compared to when no stent was used to treat solitary kidney stones of 10 to 20 mm . solitary proximal ureteral stones less than 20 mm . 4.7 Fr stents may be preferable over 7Fr stents when used in conjunction with shock wave lithotripsy ."
4187,Abstract #4187,"evaluate the effect of four-handed care on preterm infants ' physiologic and behavioral responses to and recovery from endotracheal suctioning versus routine endotracheal ( ETT ) suctioning . crossover design with infants as their own controls . newborn intensive care unit in an academic health center . intubated infants on conventional ventilation with inline suctioning who were fewer than 37 weeks gestation at birth , and less than one week of age . infant was observed twice on a single day . observation involved routine ETT suctioning and one involved four-handed care . and behavioral response data were collected . differences were noted when comparing baseline heart rate ( HR ) or oxygen saturation ( SpO ( 2 ) ) data to those obtained during and after suctioning while in the routine care condition . the four-handed care condition , mean SpO ( 2 ) increased from preobservation 95.49 to during observation saturation 97.75 ( p = .001 ) . cortisol levels did not differ between groups at baseline or postsuctioning . significant difference in behavior state was observed between the two conditions . stress and defense behaviors occurred postsuctioning when infants received routine care as opposed to four-handed care ( p = .001 ) and more self-regulatory behaviors were exhibited by infants during ( p = .019 ) and after suctioning ( p = .016 ) when receiving four-handed care . statistical difference was found in the number of monitor call-backs postsuctioning . care during suctioning was associated with a decrease in stress and defense behaviors and an increase in self-regulatory behaviors ."
4188,Abstract #4188,"with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) who experience hematologic recurrence while receiving chemotherapy or within 6 months after its cessation have a low cure rate . this study ( Pediatric Oncology Group Protocol 8303 ) two methods were examined for improving the outcome in these children . remission induction with prednisone , vincristine , daunorubicin , and asparaginase ( PVDA ) and consolidation chemotherapy with teniposide and cytarabine , patients received weekly continuation chemotherapy with rotating pairs of drugs , comprised of teniposide and cytarabine and vincristine and cyclophosphamide . addition , they were randomized to receive or not receive repeated reinduction with PVDA . with matched sibling donors were allowed to receive allogeneic bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) instead of continued chemotherapy . 297 evaluable patients 258 ( 87 % ) achieved second complete hematologic remission . , only 23 of these patients remained continuously free of leukemia > or = 7 years after chemotherapy or BMT . PVDA pulses nor BMT appeared to influence outcome at a statistically significant level . results of the current study confirm prior reports of the low cure rate of children with ALL who experience hematologic recurrence during initial therapy or shortly after its cessation . approaches are needed to prevent and retreat hematologic recurrence in pediatric ALL patients ."
4189,Abstract #4189,"performed a randomized trial on pegylated interferon alfa-2a ( Peg-IFNalpha ) monotherapy vs Peg-IFNalpha and ribavirin in non-cirrhotic liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C. patients transplanted for HCV-related cirrhosis 12-96 months earlier were randomized to Peg-IFNalpha monotherapy ( 180 microg weekly ) or Peg-IFNalpha and ribavirin , up to the maximum tolerated dose , for 48 weeks . virological response ( EVR , i.e. , HCV-RNA2 log drop at week 12 ) occurred in 76 % of the monotherapy and 71 % of the combination groups , respectively ( intention-to treat ) . virological response ( SVR ) occurred in 8 ( 38 % ) and 7 ( 33 % ) patients , respectively . had a positive predictive value for SVR of 50 % and 47 % , respectively , and a 100 % negative predictive value in both groups . drop-outs occurred in the monotherapy ( including 3 rejections ) and 7 in the combination groups ( including one rejection ) . dose was reduced in 7 and 8 patients , respectively . average daily dose of ribavirin was 435 mg/day . , with or without ribavirin , induces SVR in one-third of transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C. Treatment cessation is indicated in patients without EVR . low SVR rate is mainly due to inability to sustain full doses of antivirals and lack of the booster effect of ribavirin ."
4190,Abstract #4190,"adjuvant treatment modalities in premenopausal breast cancer patients today include chemotherapy , ovariectomy , and tamoxifen administration . purpose of Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5 was to compare the efficacy of a combination endocrine treatment with standard chemotherapy . trial subjects ( N = 1,034 ) presenting with hormone-responsive disease were randomized to receive either 3 years of goserelin plus 5 years of tamoxifen or six cycles of cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , and fluorouracil ( CMF ) . criteria included tumor stage and grade , number of involved nodes , type of surgery , and steroid hormone receptor content . survival ( RFS ) was defined as time from randomization to first relapse , local recurrence , or contralateral incidence , and overall survival ( OS ) as time to date of death . a 60-month median follow-up , 17.2 % of patients in the endocrine group and 20.8 % undergoing chemotherapy developed relapses . recurrences emerged in 4.7 % and 8.0 % , respectively . and local recurrence-free survival differed significantly in favor of endocrine therapy ( P = .037 and P = .015 ) , with a similar trend observed in OS ( P = .195 ) . , our data suggest that the goserelin-tamoxifen combination is significantly more effective than CMF in the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal patients with stage I and II breast cancer ."
4191,Abstract #4191,"with severe depletion of skeletal muscle ( sarcopenia ) are prone to dose-limiting toxicity ( DLT ) during fluoropyrimidine therapy . hypothesized that sarcopenia may also predict toxicity of targeted therapy drugs . renal cell cancer ( RCC ) patients ( n = 55 ) received sorafenib 400 mg b.i.d. Weight , height and skeletal muscle cross-sectional area at the third lumbar vertebra were measured by computed tomography ( CT ) . was assessed . occurred in 22 % of patients overall , of which three-quarters were dose reductions to 400 mg and the remainder entailed termination of treatment . was most common ( 41 % ) in sarcopenic patients whose body mass index ( BMI ) was < 25 kg/m ( 2 ) and least common ( 13 % ) in patients who were not sarcopenic and/or overweight or obese ( P = 0.03 ) . was especially prevalent in sarcopenic male patients with BMI < 25 , with 71 % of men with these characteristics being unable to continue treatment at 800 mg/day . contrast , only 5 % of male patients whose muscle index was above the cut-off for sarcopenia and only 11 % of male patients whose BMI was > 25 experienced a DLT . < 25 kg/m ( 2 ) with diminished muscle mass is a significant predictor of toxicity in metastatic RCC patients treated with sorafenib ."
4192,Abstract #4192,"trauma patients with significant hemorrhage , it is hypothesized that failure to normalize prothrombin time ( PT ) after recombinant activated factor VII ( rFVIIa ) treatment predicts poor clinical outcomes and potentially indicates a need for additional therapeutic interventions . assess the value of PT to predict outcomes after rFVIIa or placebo therapy , we performed a post hoc analysis of data from 169 severely injured , critically bleeding trauma patients who had 1-hour postdose PT measurements from two randomized clinical trials . characteristics and outcome parameters were compared between subjects with 1-hour postdose PT > or = 18 seconds and PT < 18 seconds . rFVIIa-treated subjects , prolonged postdose PT values > or = 18 seconds were associated with significantly higher 24-hour mortality ( 60 % vs. 3 % ; p < 0.001 ) and 30-day mortality , increased incidence of massive transfusion , and fewer intensive care unit-free days compared with postdose PT values < 18 seconds . rFVIIa-treated subjects with postdose PT > or = 18 seconds had significantly lower baseline hemoglobin levels , fibrinogen levels , and platelet counts than subjects with postdose PT values < 18 seconds even though they received similar amounts of blood products before rFVIIa dosing . subjects with postdose PT > or = 18 seconds had significantly increased incidence of massive transfusion , significantly decreased intensive care unit-free days , and significantly lower levels of fibrinogen and platelets at baseline compared with subjects with postdose PT values < 18 seconds . presence of prolonged PT after rFVIIa or placebo therapy was associated with poor clinical outcomes . subjects with postdosing PT > or = 18 seconds had low levels of hemoglobin , fibrinogen , and platelets , this group may benefit from additional blood component therapy ."
4193,Abstract #4193,"prospective study was designed to determine the efficacy of a levofloxacin-based rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection after failure of standard triple therapies . also surveyed the predictors of this rescue therapy . June 2005 to March 2007 , 1036 patients infected with H. pylori received standard triple regimens ( proton pump inhibitor , clarithromycin and amoxicillin ) . pylori eradication was achieved in 855 ( 82.5 % ) subjects . hundred and sixty-six eradication-failure patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive a 7 day eradication therapy with esomeprazole , bismuth subcitrate , tetracycline and metronidazole ( EBTM ) or esomeprazole , amoxicillin and levofloxacin ( EAL ) . endoscopy was done 16 weeks later to assess the treatment response . ' response , CYP2C19 genotypes and antibiotic resistances were also examined . analysis revealed that both groups showed similar eradication rates [ EBTM 63.9 % ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 53.6-74 .2 and EAL 69.9 % ; 95 % CI : 60.1-79 .7 ] ( P = 0.89 ) . results were EBTM = 84.1 % ( 95 % CI : 75.1-93 .1 ) and EAL = 75.3 % ( 95 % CI : 65.8-84 .8 ) ( P = 0.82 ) . regimens had similar compliance ( P = 0.32 ) , but the EBTM group had more adverse events ( P = 0.27 ) . regression analysis showed that poor compliance , CYP2C19 homozygous extensive metabolizer genotype and levofloxacin resistance were important predictors for eradication failure . EAL regimen can achieve an efficacy similar to that of the standard EBTM therapy . may be very useful in countries where bismuth salts are not available . , CYP2C19 genotype and resistances to antibiotics may influence the outcome of levofloxacin-based rescue therapy . seems advisable to reserve levofloxacin for rescue treatment to avoid an increase in the resistance phenomenon ."
4194,Abstract #4194,"cancer patients experience considerable symptoms , problems , and needs . referral of these patients to specialized palliative care ( SPC ) could offer improvements . Danish Palliative Care Trial ( DanPaCT ) investigates whether patients with metastatic cancer will benefit from being referred to ` early SPC ' . is a multicenter , parallel-group , superiority clinical trial with 1:1 randomization . planned sample size was 300 patients . primary data collection for DanPaCT is finished . prevent outcome reporting bias , selective reporting , and data-driven results , we present a detailed statistical analysis plan ( SAP ) for DanPaCT here . SAP provides detailed descriptions of the statistical analyses of the primary and secondary outcomes in DanPaCT . primary outcome is the change in the patient 's ` primary need ' . ` primary need ' is a patient-individualised outcome representing the score of the symptom or problem that had the highest intensity out of seven at baseline assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire ( EORTC QLQ-C30 ) . outcomes are the seven scales that are represented in the primary outcome , but each scale evaluated individually for all patients , and survival . detailed description includes chosen significance levels , models for multiple imputations , sensitivity analyses and blinding . addition , we discuss the patient-individualized primary outcome , blinding , missing data , multiplicity and the risk of bias . few trials have investigated the effects of SPC. To our knowledge DanPaCT is the first trial to investigate screening based ` early SPC ' for patients with metastatic cancer from a broad spectrum of cancer diagnosis . identifier : NCT01348048 ( May 2011 ) ."
4195,Abstract #4195,"screening programme for cervical cancer has been implemented in South Africa ( SA ) with intervals of 10 years after a normal cytological result . are no studies that evaluate repeat screening at a shorter interval in SA . i ) To find the incidence of cytological abnormalities on a repeat test after a report of normal cytology or an inadequate Pap smear ; and ( ii ) to explore the factors associated with an abnormal cytology on repeat testing . was a secondary data analysis of a randomised controlled trial of diaphragm , lubricant gel and condoms v. condoms in the prevention of HIV infection . women were recruited between November 2003 and December 2005 , with a normal Pap smear at entry . time was from the first Pap smear to the date of the repeat Pap smear . variables used were baseline , excepting any new HIV infection . incidence of cytological abnormalities was 6.48 % yearly in women with a previously normal Pap smear and 11.71 % yearly in women with an inadequate smear result ( p = 0.03 ) . incidence of high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions ( HSILs ) was < 0.5 % . associated with abnormal cytology were a history of ectopic pregnancy ( odds ratio ( OR ) 9.25 ; confidence interval ( CI ) 1.78 - 48.02 ; p = 0.01 ) , number of male partners ( OR 1.12 ; CI 1.03 - 1.22 ; p = 0.01 ) , history of vaginal discharge ( OR 13.95 ; CI 1.18 - 164.47 ; p = 0.04 ) , and incident HIV infection ( OR 6.56 ; CI 1.14 - 38.16 ; p = 0.04 ) . incidence of HSILs is low in the first 2 years after a normal or inadequate Pap smear , even in a setting with a high prevalence of cytological abnormalities ."
4196,Abstract #4196,"treatment of major depressive disorder in adolescents may include cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CBT ) or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) . , little is known about their relative or combined effectiveness . evaluate the effectiveness of 4 treatments among adolescents with major depressive disorder . controlled trial of a volunteer sample of 439 patients between the ages of 12 to 17 years with a primary Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fourth Edition , diagnosis of major depressive disorder . trial was conducted at 13 US academic and community clinics between spring 2000 and summer 2003 . weeks of ( 1 ) fluoxetine alone ( 10 to 40 mg/d ) , ( 2 ) CBT alone , ( 3 ) CBT with fluoxetine ( 10 to 40 mg/d ) , or ( 4 ) placebo ( equivalent to 10 to 40 mg/d ) . and fluoxetine alone were administered double-blind ; CBT alone and CBT with fluoxetine were administered unblinded . 's Depression Rating Scale-Revised total score and , for responder analysis , a ( dichotomized ) Clinical Global Impressions improvement score . with placebo , the combination of fluoxetine with CBT was statistically significant ( P = .001 ) on the Children 's Depression Rating Scale-Revised . with fluoxetine alone ( P = .02 ) and CBT alone ( P = .01 ) , treatment of fluoxetine with CBT was superior . alone is a superior treatment to CBT alone ( P = .01 ) . of response for fluoxetine with CBT were 71.0 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 62 % -80 % ) ; fluoxetine alone , 60.6 % ( 95 % CI , 51 % -70 % ) ; CBT alone , 43.2 % ( 95 % CI , 34 % -52 % ) ; and placebo , 34.8 % ( 95 % CI , 26 % -44 % ) . the Clinical Global Impressions improvement responder analysis , the 2 fluoxetine-containing conditions were statistically superior to CBT and to placebo . significant suicidal thinking , which was present in 29 % of the sample at baseline , improved significantly in all 4 treatment groups . with CBT showed the greatest reduction ( P = .02 ) . ( 1.6 % ) of 439 patients attempted suicide ; there were no completed suicides . combination of fluoxetine with CBT offered the most favorable tradeoff between benefit and risk for adolescents with major depressive disorder ."
4197,Abstract #4197,"objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether intraarticular anesthesia can reduce pain after MR or CT arthrography of the shoulder . study included 120 patients who underwent CT or MR arthrography of the shoulder . patients were randomized into two groups : the study group ( n = 60 ) , each administered an intraarticular injection of the contrast agent mixed with a local anesthetic ( 2 % mepivacaine ) ; and the control group ( n = 60 ) , each injected with the contrast agent only . patient 's pain level was assessed at five phases-baseline and immediately , 2 hours , 1 day , and 2 days after injection-by using a visual analog scale or a verbal rating scale . net pain score at each phase was also calculated . pain course and net pain score were compared between study and control groups by repeated-measures analysis of variance . the patients were divided into subgroups according to patient - or procedure-related factors , the efficacy of the intraarticular local anesthetic in each subgroup was evaluated . pain course showed a quadratic trend and was not significantly different between study and control groups . net pain score also was not significantly different between the two groups . subgroup showed a significantly different efficacy of the intraarticular local anesthetic between the two groups . local anesthesia did not reduce arthrography-related pain ."
4198,Abstract #4198,"determine the effects of two water-soluble dietary fibers , ultrahigh-viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ( UHV-HPMC , nonfermentable ) and psyllium fiber ( fermentable ) , on postprandial glucose and second meal effects . a single-blind crossover design , 12 healthy adult subjects were given standardized , premeasured breakfast and lunch meals with either 4 g of the fiber supplements or a placebo . glucose was measured with a continuous blood glucose monitoring system ( DexCom Seven Plus , San Diego , CA ) . consuming UHV-HPMC had significantly ( p < 0.05 ) lower blood glucose area under the curve ( AUC ) 2 hours after breakfast than those receiving a placebo . consuming psyllium also tended to have lower glucose levels than the placebo group . glucose concentration following breakfast was significantly ( p < 0.01 ) less with UHV-HPMC when compared with the placebo . significant differences in AUC or peak glucose concentration between treatments following the second meal ( lunch ) were detected , suggesting no residual effect from the fiber supplements . with viscous water-soluble fibers may be an effective means of reducing the glycemic response of a meal in healthy adults ."
4199,Abstract #4199,"goal was to assess the feasibility of earlier weaning from the incubator for preterm infants . was a prospective , randomized study with preterm infants with birth weights of < 1600 g who were admitted to a neonatal subintensive ward . for 47 infants who were transferred from an incubator to an open crib at > 1600 g ( early transition group ) were compared with those for 47 infants who were transferred from an incubator to an open crib at > 1800 g ( standard transition [ ST ] group ) . primary outcome of the study was length of stay . outcomes were the number of infants returned to an incubator , the growth velocity in an open crib and during the first week at home , the proportions of breastfeeding at discharge and during the first week at home , and the hospital readmission rate . length of stay was significantly shorter in the early transition group than in the standard transition group ( 23.5 vs 33 days ; P = .0002 ) . infants required transfer back to the incubator . 1 infant in the standard transition group was readmitted to the hospital during the first week after discharge . velocities and individual amounts of breastfeeding were similar between the 2 groups . this study , weaning of moderately preterm infants from incubators to open cribs at 1600 g was safe and resulted in earlier discharge ."
4200,Abstract #4200,"investigate the effects of Hyaluronic acid ( HA ) on early rehabilitation of patients with isolated anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) reconstruction . , controlled clinical trial . total 120 patients with isolated ACL injury who had received patellar tendon autograft reconstruction were randomly assigned to four groups ( groups I-IV ) , with 30 subjects in each group . patients received 16 weeks of a regular rehabilitation program and an intra-articular injection of HA or saline weekly for 3 weeks . , patients in group I received the HA commencing at 4 weeks after surgery , patients in group II at 8 weeks , and patients in group III at 12 weeks . in group IV did not receive HA but did receive the same volume of normal saline as control subjects at 4 weeks after surgery . rehabilitation program started at the same time after surgery for all groups . were measured at 4 , 8 , 12 , and 16 weeks after reconstruction , and at follow-up 1 year later . included the changes in Lysholm knee scoring scale , knee range of motion , ambulation speed ( AS ) , and muscle peak torque ( MPT ) of knee flexion and extension . were improvements in groups I-III shortly after receiving the HA , but not in the saline group ( group IV ) . in groups II and III showed more improvement in AS and MPT after rehabilitation program and at follow-up . , the best results 1 year later occurred in the group receiving HA at 8 weeks after surgery ( group II ) . therapy results in more functional and MPT improvement in ACL rehabilitation , and the intervention at 8 weeks after surgery results in the best outcome ."
4201,Abstract #4201,"aged 65 and older with severe mental illnesses are a growing segment of the Dutch population . of them have a range of serious problems and are also difficult to engage . assertive community treatment is a common model for treating difficult to engage severe mental illnesses patients , no special form of it is available for the elderly . special assertive community treatment team for the elderly is developed in Rotterdam , the Netherlands and tested for its effectiveness . will use a randomized controlled trial design to compare the effects of assertive community treatment for the elderly with those of care as usual . outcome measures will be the number of dropouts , the number of patients engaged in care and patient 's psychiatric symptoms , somatic symptoms , and social functioning . outcome measures are the number of unmet needs , the subjective quality of life and patients ' satisfaction . secondary outcomes include the number of crisis contacts , rates of voluntary and involuntary admission , and length of stay . criteria are aged 65 plus , the presence of a mental disorder , a lack of motivation for treatment and at least four suspected problems with functioning ( addiction , somatic problems , daily living activities , housing etc. ) . patients meet the inclusion criteria , they will be randomly allocated to either assertive community treatment for the elderly or care as usual . assessors will use mainly observational instruments at the following time points : at baseline , after 9 and 18 months . study will help establish whether assertive community treatment for the elderly produces better results than care as usual in elderly people with severe mental illnesses who are difficult to engage . assertive community treatment for the elderly proves valuable in these respects , it can be tested and implemented more widely , and mechanisms for its effects investigated . Netherlands National Trial Register NTR1620 ."
4202,Abstract #4202,"investigate the impact of tocilizumab treatment on growth and growth-related laboratory parameters in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA ) enrolled in a phase III clinical trial . with systemic JIA ages 2-17 years ( n = 112 ) received tocilizumab in a 12-week , randomized , placebo-controlled period and a long-term open-label extension . velocity and standard deviation ( SD ) score ; levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 ( IGF-1 ) , osteocalcin ( OC ) , and C-telopeptide of type I collagen ( CTX-I ) ; and Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 71 joints ( JADAS-71 ) were measured in a post hoc analysis of 83 patients who never received growth hormone and did not reach Tanner stage 5 by the end of the first year of treatment . had stunted growth at baseline ( mean height SD score -2.2 ) . tocilizumab treatment , males ( 73 % ) and females ( 83 % ) experienced above-normal mean height velocities of 6.6 cm/year ( P < 0.0001 versus World Health Organization norms ) . height SD score increases during year 1 ( 0.29 ) and year 2 ( 0.31 ) were significant ( both P < 0.0001 ) . mean SD score for IGF-1 levels increased significantly ( -0.2 for year 1 and -0.1 for year 2 versus -1.0 at baseline ; both P < 0.0001 ) . OC and CTX-I levels ( both P < 0.0001 ) and the OC : CTX-I ratio ( P = 0.014 ) significantly increased from baseline to year 2 . multiple regression analysis , first-year height velocity had a significant inverse relationship to JADAS-71 at year 1 , age , mean glucocorticoid dosage during the year , and height SD score at baseline . findings indicate that during treatment with tocilizumab , patients with systemic JIA experience significant catch-up growth , normalization of IGF-1 levels , and bone balance improvement favoring bone formation ."
4203,Abstract #4203,"objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet on the release of endotoxin in the rumen and the changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the mammary gland of dairy cows in comparison with a low-concentrate corn straw diet and a low-concentrate mixed forage diet . second-parity Chinese Holstein cows in mid-lactation with a body condition score of 2.860.29 , weighing 54357kg and producing 24.323.86 kg milk per day were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 diets ( n = 10 per treatment ) : 1 ) low-concentrate mixed forage diet ( LCF ) with a concentrate to roughage ratio of 46 : 54 ; 2 ) high-concentrate corn straw diet ( HCS ) with a concentrate to roughage ratio of 65 : 35 ; 3 ) low-concentrate corn straw diet ( LCS ) with the same concentrate to roughage ratio ( 46 : 54 ) as LCF . experiment lasted 6weeks , and samples were collected in the last week . samples were analyzed for conventional components , rumen fluid samples were analyzed for pH and endotoxin , and mammary arterial and venous plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of interleukin ( IL ) -1 , IL-6 , IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF - ) . of endotoxin in rumen fluid and feces of cows fed HCS were significantly higher than those of cows fed LCS and LCF . HCS increased the release of IL-1 , IL-6 and IL-8 in the mammary gland compared with feeding LCS . of cytokines ( IL-1 and IL-8 ) in mammary venous plasma had a negative correlation with milk production efficiencies . indicated that the high-concentrate corn straw diet increased the concentrations of endotoxin in rumen fluid and feces . , feeding the high-concentrate corn straw diet stimulated the mammary gland to release more pro-inflammatory cytokines . results suggest that feeding a high-concentrate corn straw diet induce a higher pro-inflammatory response in the mammary gland and thus may partly decrease the milk production efficiencies in dairy cows ."
4204,Abstract #4204,"infiltrating lymphocytes ( TILs ) , recognized as a tumor-host reaction , have been linked to prognosis in various tumors , with a clear positive correlation between the density of the lymphoid infiltrate at the advancing margin of the tumor and the prognosis of the patients . are somewhat activated by tumor associated antigens and by IL-2 endogenous release . aim of this study is to verify if subcutaneously administered IL-2 is able to enhance TILs in gastric cancer patients and is able to influence the prognosis of the patients . enrolled 39 consecutive patients with gastric adenocarcinoma . were randomized to be treated with surgery alone ( control group , 20 patients ) or with surgery plus preoperative IL-2 ( Interleukin-2 ) administration ( treated group , 19 patients ) . lymphocytes , CD4 and CD4/CD8 were evaluated pre - and postoperatively . stromal reaction , neutrophils , lymphocytes and eosinophils infiltration in tumor histology were evaluated as well as survival curves and compared between the groups . treatment was safe and well tolerated , and in the IL-2 treated group a significant increase over the baseline pretreatment values of the total lymphocyte , CD4 and CD4/CD8 on both the 14th and 50th postoperative days was observed ( p < 0.05 ) . stromal reaction , neutrophils and eosinophils infiltration did not shown any statistical difference between the two groups . we observed a statistically significant difference in the peri - and intratumoral lymphocytes infiltration between IL-2 treated and control patients ( p = 0.000026 ) . overall and disease-free survivals were longer , even if not significantly , in the IL-2 group than in the control arm ( p = 0.089 and p = 0.09 respectively ) . data shows that IL-2 seems to be able to induce substantial changes in the inflammatory infiltration of the neoplasm , improving the host activity toward the tumor and enhancing the TILs phenomenon in gastric cancer patients . feature seems to improve the prognosis of the patients ."
4205,Abstract #4205,"gene-based estimate of lung cancer risk in smokers has been shown to act as a smoking cessation motivator in hospital recruited subjects . objective of this trial is to determine if this motivator is as effective in subjects recruited from an NHS primary care unit . will be recruited by mailings using smoking entries on the GP electronic data-base ( total practice population = 32,048 ) to identify smokers who may want to quit . cessation clinics based on medical centre premises will run for eight weeks . will be randomised to have the gene-based test for estimation of lung cancer risk or to act as controls groups . primary endpoint will be smoking cessation at eight weeks and six months . outcomes will include ranking of the gene-based test with other smoking cessation motivators . results will inform as to whether the gene-based test is both effective as motivator and acceptable to subjects recruited from primary care . with Clinical Trials.gov , ."
4206,Abstract #4206,"aim of this study was to research the advantages and disadvantages of using a wet or dry temporalis fascia graft in myringoplasty surgery . prospective study . and research hospital . graft was used in 210 cases , and wet graft was used in 174 cases in 384 patients who underwent tympanoplasty . 1 ) Rate of primary closure of perforation , ( 2 ) rate of recurrent and residual perforation , ( 3 ) difference in hearing improvement between the two groups , ( 4 ) total operation time and graft placement time , and ( 5 ) histologic properties of wet and dry fascia grafts . success rate was 91.4 % ( 159 of 174 ) in the wet graft group and 88.6 % ( 186 of 210 ) in the dry graft group . were no differences between groups regarding recurrent disease , residual disease , and postoperative hearing results ( p > .05 ) . mean operation time and graft placement time were shorter in group 2 ( wet graft ) , and this difference was found to be statistically significant ( p < .01 ) . , the number of fibroblast nuclei was higher in group 2 ( wet graft ) , and this was statistically significant ( p < .01 ) . temporal fascia graft has a high success rate regardless of its use , either wet or dry . wet grafts can shorten the operation time and result in a high number of fibroblast nuclei histologically ."
4207,Abstract #4207,"simple blind , random controlled clinical trial . assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy treatment based on the muscular and articular chains Godelive Denys-Struyf ( GDS ) method for nonspecific low back pain ( LBP ) in primary care . a systematic review by the European COST ACTION B13 `` Low back pain : guidelines for its management , '' there are still many unresolved questions regarding the effectiveness of the different physical therapy treatments used for LBP . physicians and physiotherapists in 7 Primary Care Centers and 6 researches in the Complutense University of Madrid ( Spain ) . patients diagnosed with nonspecific LBP . control group underwent 15 sessions of conventional physiotherapy in Primary Care Centers , and the experimental group received 15 GDS treatment sessions . was evaluated by Visual Analogical Scale ( VAS ) , functional disability by Oswestry questionnaire , and quality of life by the physical and mental components of SF-36 questionnaire . measures were assessed before treatment ( A1 ) , at the end of treatment ( A2 ) , and at 3 months ( A3 ) , and 6 months ( A4 ) of follow-up . measures analysis of variance revealed that at the end of treatment and 3 months later , subjects in both groups showed less pain , reduced functional disability , and an improved quality of life , though improvements were greater in the GDS group.Six months after treatment , patients in the GDS group continued to show reduced pain ( VAS ( A4-A1 ) = -3.54 , 95 % CI : -4.18 to -2.90 ) while VAS scores in the control group returned to initial values ( VAS ( A4-A1 ) = 0.15 , 95 % CI : -0.36 to 0.67 ) . of nonspecific LBP using the GDS method provides greater improvements in the midterm ( 6 months ) in terms of the pain , functional ability , and quality of life perceived by patients than the conventional treatment based administered in primary care ."
4208,Abstract #4208,"studies in cutaneous conditions other than actinic keratosis ( AK ) have revealed that the safety and efficacy profile of imiquimod is influenced by dosing frequency . evaluate dosing frequency response of imiquimod 5 % for treatment of AK . was a phase II , multicentre , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . with > or = 10 but < or = 50 clinical AKs , one of which was histologically confirmed , were randomized ( 4:1 ) to 2-6 packets of imiquimod or placebo cream applied to the dorsum of the forearms and hands once daily 2 , 3 , 5 or 7 times per week for 8 weeks . primary endpoint was complete clearance of AKs in the treatment area at 8 weeks post-treatment . hundred and forty-nine ( 94 men and 54 women ) white subjects , with a mean + / - SD age of 71 + / - 10.2 years , were enrolled . subjects ( 18.8 % ) discontinued from study : 0 % , 3.1 % , 6.9 % , 30.0 % and 33.3 % withdrew for local skin reactions or adverse events in the combined placebo , and in the imiquimod 2 , 3 , 5 or 7 times per week groups , respectively . serious adverse events occurred ; none was related to the study drug . baseline lesions ranged from 38 to 40 for the treatment groups . clearance was achieved in 0 % , 3.2 % , 6.9 % , 3.3 % and 6.7 % of subjects , and partial clearance ( > or = 75 % lesion reduction ) in 0 % , 22.6 % , 24.1 % , 20.0 % and 36.7 % of subjects for the placebo and imiquimod 2 , 3 , 5 or 7 times per week regimens , respectively . 5 % applied more frequently than 3 times per week to AKs was not well tolerated . clearance rates were low ; however , partial clearance rates increased with increased dosing frequency ( P = 0.002 ) ."
4209,Abstract #4209,"evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative dose of 600 mg of gabapentin for reducing postoperative pain and tramadol consumption after minilap open cholecystectomy . total of 120 adult patients of either sex were randomly assigned to receive 600 mg of gabapentin or a matched placebo orally 2 h before operation in a double-blind manner . the patients received gabapentin using the same technique . analgesia was provided with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol using a 50-mg initial bolus dose , 20-mg incremental dose , 15-min lockout interval and 4-h limit of 240 mg . were assessed at 0 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 24 and 48 h after operation for verbal analogue pain scores at rest and at movement . of tramadol on first and second postoperative days and any adverse effects were also recorded . analogue pain scores were significantly lower on first postoperative day at all times of observation both at rest and at movement in gabapentin group than in placebo group ( P < 0.01 ) . consumption was also reduced by 33 % in gabapentin group . pain scores and tramadol consumption were similar in two groups on second postoperative day . was common but the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in gabapentin group . administration of 600 mg of gabapentin resulted in significant reduction in postoperative verbal analogue pain scores at rest and at movement as well as tramadol consumption compared with placebo on first postoperative day . incidence of nausea and vomiting was an additional advantage . was the commonest side effect ."
4210,Abstract #4210,"compare the extent of sensory block induced by continuous epidural infusion of plain 1 % lidocaine and 2 % lidocaine diluted with saline to 1 % lidocaine . , randomized , blinded study . hospital . ASA physical status I inpatients scheduled for lower extremity orthopedic surgery . surgery with lumbar epidural anesthesia with 0.75 % ropivacaine , patients were randomized to two postoperative epidural infusion groups to receive plain 1 % lidocaine ( plain group ) or 2 % lidocaine diluted with the same volume of normal saline ( dilution group ) . epidural infusion was started at a rate of 6 mL/h . of sensory block was significantly prolonged in the plain group , resulting in a significant difference in the spread of sensory block between the two agents from 4 to 6 h postoperatively . also was a significant difference from the two groups in the level of motor block ( modified Bromage scale ) between 3 and 5 h postoperatively . percent lidocaine diluted with the same volume of saline is a less potent than the plain 1 % lidocaine . effect of saline as a diluent on epidurally administrated local anesthetics may be of clinical importance ."
4211,Abstract #4211,"study was designed as a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of the apical preparation size in relation to the first apical binding file ( FABF ) on the outcome of primary endodontic treatment in mandibular first molars . hundred sixty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria . were randomly allocated to 5 different endodontic treatment groups ( ie , A , B , C , D , and E ) in which canals were enlarged to 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 sizes larger than the FABF , respectively . hundred twenty-nine patients were evaluated at the 12-month follow-up . primary outcome measure was the change in periapical radiolucency as assessed by periapical index ( PAI ) scores . clinical finding constituted the secondary outcome measure . statistically significant reduction in PAI scores was observed in all groups ( P < .001 ) . proportion of successfully healed cases increased with an increase in the apical preparation size with 48 % , 71.43 % , 80 % , 84.61 % , and 92 % successful healing observed in groups A to E , respectively . , statistical analysis revealed that only group A showed significantly less improvement than other groups ( P < .05 ) . significant difference was observed between the rest of the groups . analysis revealed a significant and positive association between the master apical preparation size and an improvement in PAI scores ( = 0.037 , P = .001 ) . enlargement of the canal to 3 sizes larger than the FABF is adequate , and further enlargement does not provide any additional benefit during endodontic treatment ."
4212,Abstract #4212,"transdermal opioids offer a new therapeutic option for osteoarthritis ( OA ) . study compared symptom relief obtained with buprenorphine patches plus oral paracetamol with that obtained with an oral codeine-paracetamol combination tablet ( co-codamol ) in older adults with OA . hundred and twenty people ( aged 60 years ) with OA hip and/or knee pain were randomised to treatment with 7-day buprenorphine patches plus oral paracetamol ( 5-25 g/h buprenorphine patches plus 1000 mg oral paracetamol q.i.d. ( 4 times daily ) ; n = 110 ) or co-codamol tablets ( two 8/500-two 30/500 mg tablets q.i.d. ; n = 110 ) . entered a titration period of up to 10 weeks , during which their dose of study medication was adjusted until they reached optimum pain control . who achieved optimum pain control entered a 12-week assessment period . primary outcome was average daily pain scores recorded using the box scale-11 ( BS-11 ) pain scale . treatments significantly reduced patient pain scores . estimated treatment difference [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ] was -0.02 ( -0.64 , 0.60 ) for the per protocol ( PP ) population . results were similar for the full analysis population . receiving 7-day buprenorphine patches plus oral paracetamol needed significantly less escape medication ( ibuprofen ) than those receiving co-codamol tablets ( P = 0.002 ; PP population ) . than 10 % of patients in the 7-day buprenorphine patches plus oral paracetamol group were receiving the highest dose level at the end of the study , compared with 34 % in the co-codamol group . rates were high in both groups . incidence of adverse events ( AEs ) was comparable between the groups ( 86.4 % of patients in the 7-day buprenorphine patches plus oral paracetamol group ; 81.7 % in the co-codamol group ) . serious AEs were reported in three patients ( 2.7 % ) in the 7-day buprenorphine patches plus oral paracetamol group and one ( 0.9 % ) in the co-codamol group . buprenorphine patches plus oral paracetamol were non-inferior to co-codamol tablets with respect to analgesic efficacy in older adults with OA pain in the hip/knee ."
4213,Abstract #4213,"assess the warming and humidifying effect and ocular safety of the Blephasteam eyelid-warming device vs. warm and moist compresses in healthy volunteers . subjects ( 8 females , 12 males ; mean age 39.2 years ) were included in the study . and relative humidity were measured over a period of 10 min at the lower eyelid margin of one randomly selected eye during application of the Blephasteam device and , 1 h later , during application of warm compresses ( in a randomized order ) . signs and visual acuity were assessed before and after each application . mean duration of warming ( temperature 38C ) was significantly longer with Blephasteam than with compresses ( 7.5 vs. 1.0 min ; p < 0.01 ) . was no significant difference between treatments in the duration of 100 % relative humidity . with pretreatment values , visual acuity significantly improved after Blephasteam treatment ( p < 0.05 ) but significantly decreased after treatment with compresses ( p < 0.05 ) . redness , eyelid redness , and corneal staining scores all improved significantly after Blephasteam treatment ( p < 0.05 for all ) . signs did not change after compress treatment except conjunctival redness , which was significantly increased ( p = 0.01 vs. pretreatment ) . Blephasteam eyelid-warming device appeared to provide more effective warming than warm and moist compresses in a group of healthy volunteers . acuity , limbal redness , and eyelid redness were improved after Blephasteam use but not after treatment with compresses ."
4214,Abstract #4214,"establish the prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae ( C. pneumoniae ) infection in a pregnant UK population and to investigate whether C. pneumoniae infection is more common in women with a previous history of pre-eclampsia . study . Hospital . pregnant women ( 54 parous and 37 nulliparous ) at 16-22 weeks of gestation were studied . the parous women , 32 had a previous history of pre-eclampsia . blood was drawn for C. pneumoniae antibodies between 16-22 and 28-40 weeks of gestation . pneumoniae antibodies were measured using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay . to pregnancy outcome , women were categorised into normal , gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia groups . levels of IgG , IgA and IgM C. pneumoniae antibodies . of seropositivity to C. pneumoniae was 77 % . women had significantly higher levels of IgA and IgM C. pneumoniae antibodies than nulliparous women ( P < 0.04 ) . women with previous pre-eclampsia were found to have higher levels of antibodies than parous women with a normal obstetric history ( P < or = 0.003 ) . was no difference in the antibody levels in women with different pregnancy outcomes . longitudinal data do not indicate an association between C. pneumoniae infection and pre-eclampsia . , the subgroup analysis of parous women demonstrated raised C. pneumoniae antibodies in the women with previous pre-eclampsia , and therefore suggests that there may be an association between C. pneumoniae and the disease in this group ."
4215,Abstract #4215,"compare results of a conventional obesity treatment program with those of an obesity treatment program that included education of owners of obese dogs . prospective clinical trial . obese dogs with a body condition score ( BCS ) of 8/9 or 9/9 . were randomly assigned to control or owner education ( EDU ) treatment groups . 6-month weight loss period was followed by an 18-month weight maintenance period . caloric intake to induce loss of 1 % of body weight/wk was calculated for each dog after assessment of prior diet history . daily caloric intake for weight maintenance was estimated to be 20 % greater than that calculated for weight loss with adjustments of + / - 5 % as required . and BCS were recorded monthly for each dog . of dogs in the EDU group were required to attend monthly classes that addressed nutrition-related topics during the 6-month weight loss period . in both treatment groups had significantly lower weight at the end of the weight loss period , compared with initial weight . weight loss at 6 months was 14.7 % in the control group and 15 % in the EDU group ; this difference was not significant . the weight maintenance period , percentage weight loss was maintained in both treatment groups . changes in BCS at 6 months ( relative to time 0 ) were -1.5 in the control group and -1.7 in the EDU group . 24 months , mean changes in BCS ( relative to time 0 ) were -2.1 in the control group and -2.2 in the EDU group . significant differences in BCS were identified between treatment groups at either 6 or 24 months . decrease in BCS of 2 and mean weight loss of 15 % were achieved and maintained in all dogs . obesity treatment program that included dietary changes and monthly weight checks during the weight loss and weight maintenance periods was sufficient to achieve these results ."
4216,Abstract #4216,"of tooth mobility in vitro with or without reduced bone support is an aspect of particular interest from the clinical perspective . elucidate adequate simulation of the periodontal ligament in terms of tooth mobility , three materials were investigated . lower sound premolars were selected and randomly assigned to six groups ( n = 5 ) and stored at 37C in a 0.5 % - chloramine solution . tooth mobility simulation , roots were covered with a thin layer of three types of material : ( i ) polyurethane elastomeric material , ( ii ) polyether impression material and ( iii ) A-polysiloxane soft cushion material . were embedded in an acrylic resin block simulating no and 50 % bone loss , respectively . were statically subjected up to a maximum load of 30 N perpendicular to tooth axis ( crosshead speed = 1 mm/min ) in a universal material testing machine . curves and periotest values were recorded . analysis was performed using 2-way Anova and post-hoc Bonferroni Test ( p = 0.05 ) . Pearson 's correlation coefficient between deflexion and periotest values was calculated . horizontal deflexion values ( m ) of specimen crowns with no bone loss were significant higher for polysiloxane ( 210 ) compared to polyurethan ( 24 ) ( p < 0.001 ) . tooth deflexion , e.g. tooth mobility , increased significantly as the bone level decreased only when specimens were embedded in polysiloxane ( iii ) ( 1150 ) ( p = 0.045 ) . specimens with reduced bone support layered with polyether were dislocated . was significantly positive correlated with periotest values ( p = 0.01 ) . A-polysiloxane soft cushion material combined with autopolymerizing acrylic resin may be suitable to simulate increased tooth mobility in vitro ."
4217,Abstract #4217,"evaluate the treatment of simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia with different gestagens . premenopausal women with histologically documented endometrial hyperplasia without atypia were included in this prospective controlled study . were randomized into two groups : Group I included 30 patients who received lynestrenol ( LYN ) in a dose of 15 mg/d , while Group II included 30 patients who received micronized progesterone ( MP ) 200 mg/d for 12 days per cycle for 3 months . were reevaluated with endometrial curettage after treatment . and LYN regimens were compared to regression , resolution or persistence rates and metabolic parameters . 3 months of treatment in both groups , none of the cases progressed . LYN group , the rate of resolution was observed to be higher compared to MP group ( p = 0.045 ) . was found more effective inducing resolution in patients more than 45 years compared to MP ( p = 0.036 ) . we compare both groups after 3 months of treatment , there was no statistically significant difference in BMI , total cholesterol , HDL , LDL and fibrinogen level between two groups . rate of patients without any side effects was found to be similar in both groups ( p = 0.5 ) . which is a synthetic progestin ensures better endometrial control compared to MP in simple hyperplasia without atypia in the patients of premenopausal age especially in ages more than 45 years ."
4218,Abstract #4218,"of the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin vs amoxicillin for treatment of mild-to-moderate , suspected pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP ) in adult patients . , multicenter , double-blind , randomized study . centers in 20 countries ( Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Croatia , Czech Republic , Estonia , France , Hong Kong , Hungary , Lithuania , Mexico , Portugal , Russia , Slovenia , South Africa , Spain , Turkey , Ukraine , United Kingdom , and Uruguay ) . hundred eleven adults ( inpatients or outpatients ) with suspected pneumococcal CAP . 1:1 to moxifloxacin , 400 mg/d , or amoxicillin , 1,000 g tid , for 10 days . efficacy parameter was clinical response , 3 to 5 days after therapy ( end of therapy [ EOT ] ) in the per protocol ( PP ) population ( 362 patients ) . clinical success rate in the PP population was 91.5 % ( moxifloxacin ) and 89.7 % ( amoxicillin ; two-sided 95 % confidence interval , -4.2 to 7.8 % ) . clinical cure rate in patients with proven pneumococcal pneumonia was similar in both treatment groups ( 87.8 % ) . bacteriologic success rate in 136 bacteriologically evaluable patients at the EOT was 89.7 % ( moxifloxacin ) and 82.4 % ( amoxicillin ) . bacteriologic success rate against Streptococcus pneumoniae was 89.6 % ( moxifloxacin ) and 84.8 % ( amoxicillin ) . frequency of adverse events was comparable in both treatment groups . symptoms were the most common drug-related adverse events in both treatment groups . was statistically at least as effective as high-dose amoxicillin for treatment of mild-to-moderate , suspected pneumococcal CAP . may be an alternative for empiric CAP treatment , especially in areas where multidrug resistance in S pneumoniae is sufficiently prevalent to preclude routine penicillin ."
4219,Abstract #4219,"investigate the effect of meal-related self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control and well-being in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients . 6-month study , which included 6 months of follow-up , adopted a prospective , multicenter , randomized controlled design . were randomized to two groups : one group used a blood glucose-monitoring device , kept a blood glucose/eating diary , and received standardized counseling ; the control group received nonstandardized counseling on diet and lifestyle . primary efficacy parameter was the change in HbA ( 1c ) . efficacy variables included changes in body weight , lipids , and microalbumin and changes in treatment satisfaction and well-being . the per-protocol analysis , the use of a self-monitoring blood glucose device significantly reduced HbA ( 1c ) levels by 1.0 + / - 1.08 % compared with 0.54 + / - 1.41 % for the control group ( P = 0.0086 ) ; subgroup analysis showed three types of responders . weight , total cholesterol , and microalbumin improved when using a glucometer , but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups . satisfaction increased in both groups to a similar extent ( P = 0.9 ) . resulted in a marked improvement of general well-being with significant improvements in the subitems depression ( P = 0.032 ) and lack of well-being ( P = 0.02 ) . self-monitoring of blood glucose within a structured counseling program improved glycemic control in the majority of non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients in this study . finding of three types of responders will be important for future planning of counseling and educational interventions ."
4220,Abstract #4220,"purpose of this study was to test whether high-dose statin treatment would result in a reduction in periodontal inflammation as assessed by ( 18 ) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( FDG-PET ) / computed tomography ( CT ) . disease ( PD ) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis . adults with risk factors or with established atherosclerosis and who were not taking high-dose statins were randomized to atorvastatin 80 mg vs. 10 mg in a multicenter , double-blind trial to evaluate the impact of atorvastatin on arterial inflammation . were evaluated using FDG-PET/CT at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks . and periodontal tracer activity was assessed while blinded to treatment allocation , clinical characteristics , and temporal sequence . bone loss ( an index of PD severity ) was evaluated using contrast-enhanced CT images while blinded to clinical and imaging data . subjects completed the study , and 59 provided periodontal images for analysis . baseline , areas of severe PD had higher target-to-background ratio ( TBR ) compared with areas without severe PD ( mean TBR : 3.83 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 3.36 to 4.30 ] vs. 3.18 [ 95 % CI : 2.91 to 3.44 ] , p = 0.004 ) . 12 weeks , there was a significant reduction in periodontal inflammation in patients randomized to atorvastatin 80 mg vs. 10 mg ( TBR 80 mg vs. 10 mg group : mean-0 .43 [ 95 % CI : -0.83 to-0 .02 ] , p = 0.04 ) . differences were greater in patients with higher periodontal inflammation at baseline ( mean-0 .74 [ 95 % CI : -1.29 to-0 .19 ] , p = 0.01 ) and in patients with severe bone loss at baseline ( -0.61 [ 95 % CI : -1.16 to-0 .054 ] , p = 0.03 ) . , the changes in periodontal inflammation correlated with changes in carotid inflammation ( R = 0.61 , p < 0.001 ) . atorvastatin reduces periodontal inflammation , suggesting a newly recognized effect of statins . the concomitant changes observed in periodontal and arterial inflammation , these data raise the possibility that a portion of that beneficial impact of statins on atherosclerosis relate to reductions in extra-arterial inflammation , for example , periodontitis . Evaluate the Utility of 18FDG-PET as a Tool to Quantify Atherosclerotic Plaque ; NCT00703261 ) ."
4221,Abstract #4221,". introduce use of the postanesthesia recovery score ( assessing consciousness , mobility , ventilation , hemodynamics and blood analysis ) as a good method for evaluating and classifying recovery from anesthesia in the postoperative care unit . . determine overall patient progress and assess the influence of various patient , anesthetic and surgical factors . was a multicenter study of 1,227 patients . excluded all patients who were to be transferred to intensive care units after surgery . score of 10 or more , with no single item score equal to 0 , was considered optimal for discharge from the postanesthesia care unit . lowest score upon admission to the unit was among patients who had undergone high abdominal surgery ( 16.4 % ) . over 9 belonged to patients who had undergone lower abdominal and perineal surgery ( 87.5 and 95.3 % , respectively ) . were < or = 9 in patients who received inhaled anesthetics ( 42 % ) . anesthesia patients ( 84.4 % ) had scores over 9 . local-regional anesthetic procedures with the best scores were axilar blocks and local infiltrations . staying longer in the recovery unit were those classified as ASA III , those whose procedures lasted longer than 120 minutes , those undergoing surgery on the upper abdomen or on extremities , those receiving isoflurane and pancuronium , and those suffering adverse events during and after the procedure . influencing perioperative events were age , duration of procedure and history of intraoperative events ."
4222,Abstract #4222,"cardioverter-defibrillators ( ICDs ) , the first line of therapy for preventing sudden cardiac death in high-risk patients , deliver appropriate shocks for termination of ventricular tachycardia ( VT ) / ventricular fibrillation . common shortcoming of ICDs is imperfect rhythm discrimination , resulting in the delivery of inappropriate shocks for atrial fibrillation ( AF ) . underexplored area for rhythm discrimination is the difference in dynamic properties between AF and VT/ventricular fibrillation . hypothesized that the higher entropy of rapid cardiac rhythms preceding ICD shocks distinguishes AF from VT/ventricular fibrillation . a multicenter , prospective , observational study of patients with primary prevention ICDs , 119 patients received shocks from ICDs with stored , retrievable intracardiac electrograms . adjudication revealed shocks were delivered for VT/ventricular fibrillation ( 62 % ) , AF ( 23 % ) , and supraventricular tachycardia ( 15 % ) . estimation of only 9 ventricular intervals before ICD shocks accurately distinguished AF ( receiver operating characteristic curve area , 0.98 ; 95 % confidence intervals , 0.93-1 .0 ) and outperformed contemporary ICD rhythm discrimination algorithms . new strategy for AF discrimination based on entropy estimation expands on simpler concepts of variability , performs well at fast heart rates , and has potential for broad clinical application ."
4223,Abstract #4223,"cerebral protection devices have been developed as an alternative to filter protection devices for reducing neurological complications during carotid artery stenting ( CAS ) . aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of silent cerebral embolism after CAS using different cerebral embolic protection devices and the impact of silent cerebral embolism on neurocognitive function . hundred consecutive patients who underwent CAS were enrolled . patients were randomized to either proximal balloon occlusion or filter protection . tests were performed before and six months after CAS . embolisms were evaluated with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging ( DW-MRI ) . number and volume of new ischemic lesions found with DW-MRI were higher in the filter protection group than in the proximal balloon occlusion group . to our definition , nine ( 21 % ) patients in the balloon occlusion group and 16 ( 36 % ) patients in the filter protection group showed neurocognitive decline , and ten ( 23 % ) patients in the balloon occlusion group and four ( 9 % ) patients in the filter protection group showed neurocognitive improvement ( NS ) . the group of patients with new cerebral ischemic lesions on DW-MRI , neurocognitive decline occurred in 14 ( 31 % ) of 45 patients with DW-MRI lesions and 11 ( 26 % ) of 43 patients without DW-MRI lesions ( NS ) . outcome after CAS is unpredictable ; both neurocognitive decline and improvement can occur . this study , the proximal balloon occlusion system significantly decreased cerebral microemboli during CAS compared to filter protection . microembolism was not found to be associated with neurocognitive decline ."
4224,Abstract #4224,"study the characteristics of the cervical lymph node metastasis in clinical N0 ( cN0 ) patients with laryngeal carcinoma and its implication in clinical treatment . patients with laryngeal carcinomas of T2-4cN0 category were divided into two groups in random : 21 ( 22 sides ) radical neck dissection ( RND ) and 55 ( 60 sides ) functional neck dissection ( FND ) were performed . nodes were studied histologically according to the levels . an average , 29.6 lymph nodes were obtained in one side of neck in RND group , and 24.7 in FND group ( F = 3.145 , P = 0.068 ) . occult metastasis rates were 33.3 % ( 7/21 ) in RND group and 34.5 % ( 19/55 ) in FND group . of 26 patients ( 96.2 % ) who had positive nodes involved only the levels II and III . lymph nodes were obtained in all samples , 59 of 60 positive nodes ( 98.3 % ) were located in the level II and III . 5 and 10-year survival rates of the two groups were 71.4 % ( 15/21 ) , 76.4 % ( 42/55 ) and 61.9 % ( 13/21 ) , 68.9 % ( 31/45 ) , respectively with no statistical difference ( chi 2 = 0.2394 , P > 0.5 ; chi 2 = 0.3143 , P > 0.05 ) . cervical recurrence rates in two groups were 9.5 % ( 2/21 ) and 7.3 % ( 4/55 ) , respectively with no statistical difference ( chi 2 = 0.1059 , P > 0.900 ) . mortalities with negative and positive cervical lymph nodes were 16.7 % ( 7/42 ) and 62.5 % ( 15/24 ) respectively , which had statistically difference ( chi 2 = 14.4375 , P < 0.005 ) . lateral neck ( level II , III and IV ) dissection may be suitable for the treatment laryngeal carcinoma patients with T2-4cN0 ."
4225,Abstract #4225,"assess and compare efficacy , pain , and the learning curve associated with diagnostic therapeutic hysteroscopy using mechanical tissue removal versus bipolar electrical resection in the management of endometrial polyps in an ambulatory care setting . randomized controlled clinical trial ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . de Igulada , Barcelona , Spain . total of 133 patients diagnosed with endometrial polyp ( s ) were included and randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 hysteroscopic methods . assessed were total hysteroscopy time , full polypectomy procedure time , pain experienced by patients , and learning curve of staff in training . average time to perform total hysteroscopy using the mechanical tissue removal system ( TRUCLEAR 5.0 System ; Smith & Nephew Inc. , Andover , MD ) was 6 minutes 49 seconds versus 11 minutes 37 seconds required for the bipolar electrosurgery system ( GYNECARE VERSAPOINT ; Ethicon Inc , Somerville , NJ ) ( p < .01 ) . for complete polypectomy time favored the TRUCLEAR System at 3 minutes 7 seconds over the VERSAPOINT System at 8 minutes 25 seconds ( p < .01 ) . a successful procedure is predicated on access to cavity , visualization , and complete resection and excision of endometrial polyp , the mechanical TRUCLEAR Tissue Removal System shows a higher success rate than the VERSAPOINT Bipolar Electrosurgery System at 92 % and 77 % , respectively . of pain using the visual analog scale revealed no significant differences between the 2 techniques ( p > .05 ) . study of the residents ' learning curve showed a higher level of autonomy with hysteroscopy using the TRUCLEAR Tissue Removal System with which residents showed a higher level of confidence compared with hysteroscopy with the VERSAPOINT Bipolar Electrosurgery System . hysteroscopic polypectomy , the mechanical tissue removal system was significantly faster , achieved a greater success rate for complete polypectomy , and required a shorter learning curve from staff being trained in the management of endometrial polyps when compared with bipolar electrical resection ."
4226,Abstract #4226,"dog model of acute spinal cord injury . compare the relative value of methylprednisolone , surgical decompression , or both for the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury . spinal cord injury results from both primary damage to the spinal cord at the time of the initial injury as well as a deleterious secondary cascade of events , which leads to further damage . decompression is known to improve clinical outcomes , but the timing of surgical decompression remains controversial . nylon tie was used to constrict the spinal cord in 18 adult male beagle dogs . animals were then prospectively randomized to 3 groups : 1 ) surgical decompression at 6 hours and intravenous methylprednisolone ; 2 ) surgical decompression at 6 hours and intravenous saline ; and 3 ) intravenous methylprednisolone without surgical decompression . animal was evaluated by somatosensory-evoked potentials , daily neurologic assessment , and histologic examination at 2 weeks following injury . following spinal cord constriction , all animals were paraplegic , incontinent , and the somatosensory-evoked potentials were abolished . decompression 6 hours after injury , with or without methylprednisolone , led to significantly better neurologic function at 2 weeks than methylprednisolone alone . the setting of acute and persistent spinal cord compression in beagle dogs , surgical decompression 6 hours after injury , with or without methylprednisolone , is more effective for improving neurologic recovery than methylprednisolone alone ."
4227,Abstract #4227,"our knowledge , there has been no clinical report of artesunate in the treatment of lung cancer . study was designed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of artesunate combined with NP ( a chemotherapy regimen of vinorelbine and cisplatin ) and NP alone in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . hundred and twenty cases of advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into simple chemotherapy group ( control group , n = 60 ) and combined artesunare with chemotherapy group ( trial group , n = 60 ) . in the control group were treated with NP regimen , including vinorelbine ( 25 mg/m ( 2 ) , once-a-day intravenous injection , at the 1st and 8th day ) and cisplatin ( 25 mg/m ( 2 ) , once-a day intravenous drip , at the 2nd to 4th day ) . in the trial group were treated with the basal therapy NP ( in the same method and doses as control group ) and artesunate ( 120 mg , once-a-day intravenous injection , from the 1st day to 8th day , for 8 days ) . least two 21-day-cycles of treatment were performed . short-term survival rate , disease controlled rate ( DCR ) , time to progression ( TTP ) , mean survival time ( MST ) and 1-year survival rate were analyzed as the primary end points , and the toxicity and safety were estimated . were no significant differences in the short-term survival rate , MST and 1-year survival rate between the trial group and the control group , which were 45.1 % and 34.5 % , 44 weeks and 45 weeks , 45.1 % and 32.7 % , respectively ( P > 0.05 ) . DCR of the trial group ( 88.2 % ) was significantly higher than that of the control group ( 72.7 % ) ( P < 0.05 ) , and the trial group 's TTP ( 24 weeks ) was significantly longer than that of the control group ( 20 weeks ) ( P < 0.05 ) . significant difference was found in toxicity between the two groups , such as myelosuppression and digestion reaction ( P > 0.05 ) . can be used in the treatment of NSCLC . combined with NP can elevate the short-term survival rate and prolong the TTP of patients with advanced NSCLC without extra side effects ."
4228,Abstract #4228,"inpatients are at risk for suboptimal health outcomes from adverse drug events and under-use of evidence-based therapies . sought to determine whether collaborative care including a team-based clinical pharmacist improves the quality of prescribed drug therapy and reduces hospital readmission . , quasi-randomized , controlled clinical trial . patients admitted to 2 internal and 2 family medicine teams in 3 teaching hospitals between January 30 , 2006 and February 2 , 2007 were included . care patients received proactive clinical pharmacist services ( medication history , patient-care round participation , resolution of drug-related issues , and discharge counseling ) . care patients received traditional reactive clinical pharmacist services . primary outcome was the overall quality score measured retrospectively by a blinded chart reviewer using 20 indicators targeting 5 conditions . outcomes included 3 - and 6-month readmission . total of 452 patients ( 220 team care , 231 usual care , mean age : 74 years , 46 % male ) met eligibility criteria . care patients were more likely than usual care patients to receive care specified by the indicators overall ( 56.4 % vs. 45.3 % ; adjusted mean difference : 10.4 % ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 4.9 % , 15.7 % ) and for each targeted disease state except for heart failure . care patients experienced fewer readmissions at 3 months ( 36.2 % vs. 45.5 % ; adjusted OR : 0.63 ; 95 % CI : 0.42 , 0.94 ) but not at 6 months ( 50.7 % vs. 56.3 % ; adjusted OR ; 0.78 ; 95 % CI : 0.53 , 1.15 ) . patients admitted to internal and family medicine teams , team-based care including a clinical pharmacist , improved the overall quality of medication use and reduced rates of readmission ."
4229,Abstract #4229,"investigate the effects of a hand-training programme on grip , pinch and wrist force , manual dexterity and activities of daily living , in adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1 ( DM1 ) . this randomised controlled trial with a crossover design , 35 adults with DM1 were , after stratification for grip force , assigned by lot to two groups . A started with 12 weeks of hand training , while group B had no intervention . a wash-out period of 12 weeks , where none received training , the order was reversed . Grippit was used as primary outcome measure and the hand-held Microfet2 myometer , the Purdue Pegboard , the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ( COPM ) and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills ( AMPS ) were secondary outcome measures . were performed before and after training and control periods , i.e. four times altogether . persons dropped out and 13 had acceptable adherence . analyses revealed significant intervention effects for isometric wrist flexor force ( p = 0.048 ) , and for COPM performance ( p = 0.047 ) and satisfaction ( p = 0.027 ) . an individual level , improvements were in general showed after a training period . hand-training programme had positive effects on wrist flexor force and self-perception of occupational performance , and of satisfaction with performance . evident detrimental effects were shown . dystrophy type 1 ( DM1 ) is a slowly progressive neuromuscular disease characterised by myotonia and muscle weakness and wasting . with DM1 are often concerned about their ability to carry out ADL and to participate in , e.g. work , sports and hobbies when they gradually become weaker . pilot study showed that a hand-training programme improved wrist flexor force and self-perception and satisfaction of occupational performance . training of hand muscles with a silicon-based putty can be a therapy option for people with DM1 in clinical practise ."
4230,Abstract #4230,"NavX ( NavX ) is a novel mapping and navigation system that allows visualization of conventional catheters for diagnostic and ablative purposes and uses them to create a three-dimensional ( 3D ) geometry of the heart . is particularly suitable for ablation procedures utilizing an anatomic approach , as in the setting of common-type atrial flutter ( AFL ) . aim of this study was to compare NavX-guided and conventional ablation procedures for AFL . consecutive patients ( 32 male , 59 + / - 12 years ) with documented AFL were randomized to undergo fluoroscopy-guided ( group I , 20 patients ) or NavX-guided ( group II , 20 patients ) ablation , including 3D isthmus reconstruction . same catheter setup was used in both groups . endpoint of bidirectional isthmus block was obtained in all patients . to conventional approaches , NavX-guided procedures significantly reduced fluoroscopy time ( 5.1 + / - 1.4 min vs 20 + / - 11 min , P < 0.01 ) and total x-ray exposure ( 5.1 + / - 3.1 Gycm2 vs 24.9 + / - 1.6 Gycm2 , P < 0.01 ) . geometry reconstruction could be performed in all patients of group II . 4 patients ( 20 % ) of group II , anatomic isthmus variations were detected by NavX . significant differences in radiofrequency current applications and procedural times were found between the two groups . technology allows geometry reconstruction of the cavotricuspid isthmus . ablation of AFL reduces total x-ray exposure compared to the fluoroscopy-guided approach but does not prolong procedure time ."
4231,Abstract #4231,"more and more elderly people are being cared for in residential and nursing homes , how best can their psychiatric needs be met ? report on evaluation of a behavioural intervention by an old-age psychiatry hospital outreach team . randomised controlled trial of a training and education intervention over 6 months was done in south Manchester , UK . matched nursing and residential homes were randomised to the control or intervention group and within each , the staff selected 10 residents whose behavioural problems made them difficult to care for . staff in the intervention homes attended seminars from the hospital outreach team and received weekly visits from a psychiatric nurse to assist in developing care planning skills . main outcome measures were cognitive impairment and depression , behavioural disturbance , and functional ability , assessed by the geriatric mental state schedule , Crichton Royal behaviour rating scale , and Barthel index , respectively . in the intervention group had significantly improved scores for depression ( before-and-after change difference -0.5 [ 95 % CI -0.8 to -0.1 ] ) and for cognitive impairment ( -0.7 [ -1.1 to -0.2 ] ) but not for behaviour rating or Barthel index . residents can benefit from improved quality of care achieved by training from a hospital outreach team ."
4232,Abstract #4232,"assess the effectiveness of abdominal acupuncture at the endocrine and metabolic level in patients with obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) . women from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College with a diagnosis of PCOS ( body-mass index [ BMI ] 25 kg/m ( 2 ) ) were randomly assigned to receive 6 months of abdominal acupuncture ( once a day ) or oral metformin ( 250mg three times daily in the first week , followed by 500mg three times daily thereafter ) . , waist-to-hip ratio ( WHR ) , ovarian volume , menstrual frequency , homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) , and Ferriman-Gallwey score were measured at the beginning of the study and after 6 months of treatment . hormone ( LH ) , testosterone , follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH ) , fasting blood glucose , 2-hour Postprandial blood glucose , fasting insulin , 2-hour postprandial blood insulin , total cholesterol , triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) were also assessed . to the results at baseline and 6 months , BMI , WHR , Ferriman-Gallwey score , ovarian volume , luteotrophic hormone , ratio of luteotrophic hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone , testosterone , LDL-C , triglycerides , total cholesterol , fasting blood glucose , 2-hour postprandial blood glucose , fasting insulin , 2-hour postprandial blood insulin , and HOMA-IR were reduced significantly in the two groups ( p < 0.05 ) . frequency and HDL-C ( p < 0.05 ) increased significantly in both groups ; follicle-stimulating hormone also increased in both groups , but the change was not significant ( p > 0.05 ) . acupuncture group showed considerable advantages over the metformin group in terms of reduced BMI and WHR and increases in menstrual frequency ( p < 0.05 ) . acupuncture and metformin improved the endocrine and metabolic function of patients with obesity-type PCOS . acupuncture may be more effective in improving menstrual frequency , BMI , and WHR , with few adverse effects ."
4233,Abstract #4233,"prevalence of fibromyalgia increases worldwide and is characterized by widespread and chronic pain . is difficult and includes both drug and non-drug approaches . , an antidepressant , is used for fibromyalgia , with a possible beneficial effect on central pain modulation . hypothesis is that the efficacy of milnacipran in fibromyalgia depends on the performance of pain inhibitory controls . randomized , double blind , clinical trial ( NCT01747044 ) with two parallel groups , in 48 women with fibromyalgia , is planned in the Clinical Pharmacology Center , University Hospital , Clermont-Ferrand , France . pain modulation ( estimated with thermal stimuli using a numeric pain rating scale ) , the primary endpoint measure , is evaluated before and one month after treatment with milnacipran or placebo . outcome measures include the predictability of pain descending pathways performance for milnacipran efficacy , tolerance and cognitive function . analysis is performed using mixed models ; the tests are two-sided , with a type I error set at alpha = 0.05 . only will this trial allow estimation of the beneficial effect of milnacipran on pain and on descending pain pathways but it will also evaluate whether the performance of this modulatory system could be predictive of its efficacy in alleviating pain . method would allow clinicians to take a pro-active attitude by performing a rapid psychophysical test before starting milnacipran treatment and would avoid unnecessary prescription while preventing therapeutic failure in patients who often face this recurrent problem . NCT01747044 ."
4234,Abstract #4234,"vein thrombosis and its most dangerous outcome , pulmonary embolism , are complications with a high incidence in hospitalized patients . plastic surgery , abdominoplasty is the aesthetic surgery more frequently associated with deep vein thrombosis condition . study aimed to test the efficacy and safety of oral rivaroxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after abdominoplasty in patients considered to be at risk . a randomized , double-blind study , 40 patients undergoing abdominoplasty were assigned to receive either oral rivaroxaban ( 10 mg ) or oral placebo once daily for 10 days , beginning 6 to 8 hours after surgery . study was interrupted after 27 operations due to systematic complications . population operated on was composed of women with a mean age of 38 years . patients were Caucasian ( 85 percent ) and had a mean body mass index of 28 . average overall rate of complications was 29.6 percent ( large hematomas requiring drainage ) , and all complications were seen in the study group , with none in the control group . surgery procedures in which large detachment is planned in patients with a moderate risk of deep venous thrombosis should be evaluated with regard to the risk and benefit of thromboembolism prophylaxis . measures must be applied and eventually contraindicate a surgical procedure . research is needed to complement the data from this work ."
4235,Abstract #4235,"examine the outcomes of male patients who have undergone artificial urinary sphincter ( AUS ) , AMS-800 ( American Medical Systems Minnetonka , MN ) placement for iatrogenic stress urinary incontinence after radical cystectomy ( RC ) and orthotopic neobladder ( ONB ) diversion in a single institution . 2002-2009 , patients were prospectively randomized to undergo RC and Studer vs T-pouch neobladder reconstruction . received IRB - approval to retrospectively review the charts of patients who underwent AUS placement for symptoms of SUI . were mailed 2 validated questionnaires , International Continence Society Male-Short Form , the Incontinence Symptom Severity Index , and a pad questionnaire . male patients were identified . age at time of AUS placement was 73.8 years ( range 52-82 ) . time between RC/ONB and AUS placement was 1.53 years ( range 1-4 ) . follow-up time after initial AUS placement was 21.7 months ( range 12-72 ) . patients ( 10/12 ; 83.3 % ) returned the validated questionnaires . comparing pre-AUS to post-AUS continence , 90 % of patients reported improvement in continence . patients deactivated their AUS during the day and activated it at night . were no erosions ( 0 % ) or any mechanical malfunctions of the device ( 0 % ) in our cohort . were no complications or injuries to the ONB during placement of the AUS components . is a safe , effective continence procedure for patients with ONB and SUI . rate , urinary symptoms , and quality of life these patients have as determined by validated questionnaires is acceptable ."
4236,Abstract #4236,"explored the relationship between the Fagerstrm Test for Nicotine Dependence ( FTND ) and smoking abstinence rates in 10 randomized , double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 2-4 varenicline studies . were adult smokers ( 10 cigarettes/day ) who were motivated to quit . end points included continuous abstinence rate ( CAR ) for weeks 9-24 analyzed , by baseline FTND and Heaviness of Smoking Index ( HSI ) scores , and treatment . were analyzed using logistic regression models . , 2,763 varenicline ( M [ SD ] FTND score : 5.6 [ 2.2 ] ) and 2,229 placebo subjects ( 5.5 [ 2.1 ] ) were included in the analysis . increase of one unit in baseline FTND or HSI score decreased the odds of abstinence at Week 24 by 11 % ( odds ratio [ OR ] 0.89 , 95 % CI 0.86-0 .92 , p < .0001 ) and 18 % ( OR 0.82 , 95 % CI 0.79-0 .87 , p < .0001 ) , respectively . had a significant impact on CAR 9-24 : odds of abstinence were increased threefold for varenicline versus placebo ( OR 3.3 , 95 % CI 2.8-3 .8 , p < .0001 ) . was no interaction between treatment and FTND ( p = .98 ) or HSI score ( p = .97 ) for CAR 9-24 . HSI score predicted abstinence outcome as effectively as the FTND score . rates decreased with increasing dependence scores . was no interaction between treatment and baseline FTND or HSI score , suggesting that they have no effect on the efficacy of varenicline versus placebo . results also suggest that the HSI may be as effective at predicting smoking cessation outcome as the whole FTND questionnaire ."
4237,Abstract #4237,"aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate three different stabilization methods with regards to the amount of shrinkage in free gingival graft . patients were included in three study groups : where stabilization was achieved with conventional technique , cyanoacrylate or microsurgery . the conventional group standardized 5-0 sutures were used . the microsurgery group grafts were stabilized with 7-0 sutures and loupe . the third group , graft was stabilized with cyanoacrylate . tissue width , graft area , gingival recession were calculated by a specific software on standard photographs at baseline , 1 - , 3 - , 6-month follow-ups . of surgery was also recorded . in recipient and donor sites was assessed using visual analogue scale within the first postoperative week . in keratinized tissue width was similar in the study groups at all times . shrinkage was significantly less ( p < 0.05 ) in the cyanoacrylate group than the other groups , whereas those in the conventional and microsurgery groups were similar . less pain in the recipient site was reported by the patients in the cyanoacrylate group ( p < 0.05 ) . of surgery was significantly less in the cyanoacrylate group than the other groups ( p < 0.05 ) . graft shrinkage in the free gingival graft , together with shorter surgery time and less pain in the recipient site obtained in the cyanoacrylate group , suggest that cyanoacrylate may be considered as an alternative for stabilization of free gingival grafts ."
4238,Abstract #4238,"recent studies have indicated that nut consumption may improve levels of blood lipids , nuts are not generally recommended as snacks for hyperlipidemic subjects because of their high fat content . , the effective dose is still unknown . dose-response effects of whole almonds , taken as snacks , were compared with low-saturated fat ( < 5 % energy ) whole-wheat muffins ( control ) in the therapeutic diets of hyperlipidemic subjects . a randomized crossover study , 27 hyperlipidemic men and women consumed 3 isoenergetic ( mean 423 kcal/d ) supplements each for 1 month . provided 22.2 % of energy and consisted of full-dose almonds ( 73 + / -3 g/d ) , half-dose almonds plus half-dose muffins , and full-dose muffins . blood , expired air , blood pressure , and body weight measurements were obtained at weeks 0 , 2 , and 4 . body weights differed < 300 g between treatments . full-dose almonds produced the greatest reduction in levels of blood lipids . reductions from baseline were seen on both half - and full-dose almonds for LDL cholesterol ( 4.4 + / -1.7 % , P = 0.018 , and 9.4 + / -1.9 % , P < 0.001 , respectively ) and LDL : HDL cholesterol ( 7.8 + / -2.2 % , P = 0.001 , and 12.0 + / -2.1 % , P < 0.001 , respectively ) and on full-dose almonds alone for lipoprotein ( a ) ( 7.8 + / -3.5 % , P = 0.034 ) and oxidized LDL concentrations ( 14.0 + / -3.8 % , P < 0.001 ) , with no significant reductions on the control diet . difference was seen in pulmonary nitric oxide between treatments . used as snacks in the diets of hyperlipidemic subjects significantly reduce coronary heart disease risk factors , probably in part because of the nonfat ( protein and fiber ) and monounsaturated fatty acid components of the nut ."
4239,Abstract #4239,"nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) is one of the most frequent complications after general anaesthesia . antiemetic prophylaxis has limited efficacy in high-risk patients . a simple potential antiemetic approach , such as increasing the inspired oxygen fraction , to the antiemetic portfolio would preserve pharmacological interventions for treatment of symptoms in the postoperative period . , the antiemetic effect of a high inspired oxygen fraction is still discussed controversially . aim of the study was to evaluate whether an inspired oxygen fraction of 0.8 decreases PONV in patients receiving the 5-HT3-antagonist dolasetron . a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blinded trial we studied 377 patients ( ASA I-III ) undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy . of anaesthesia was standardized , including thiopental fentanyl and cis-atracurium . all patients the individual risk for PONV was calculated using the Koivuranta score and all patients received 12.5 mg dolasetron i.v. before surgery . were allocated randomly to one of three groups : Group A ( n = 125 ) received 80 % oxygen in air , Group B ( n = 125 ) 40 % oxygen in air and Group C ( n = 127 ) 40 % oxygen in nitrous oxide . nausea , postoperative vomiting ( PV ) , or nausea , vomiting , or both ( PONV ) was assessed in the early ( 0-4 h ) and overall postoperative period ( 0-24 h ) by an anaesthesiologist unaware of patient allocation . was a significantly lower incidence of PONV and PV in Groups A ( PONV : 11.2 % ; PV : 3.2 % ) and B ( PONV : 10.4 % ; PV : 3.2 % ) compared with Group C ( PONV : 26.7 % ; PV : 13.3 % ) , but there were no significant differences between Groups A and B. inspired oxygen fraction of 0.8 does not further decrease PONV or vomiting in dolasetron-treated patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy . lower incidence of PONV in Groups A and B compared with Group C is most likely caused by the omission of nitrous oxide ."
4240,Abstract #4240,"the continuous perfusion of antispasmodic drugs has been the traditional mainstay in the treatment of renal colic , the results more often than not are unsatisfactory . hypothesis was that a continuous intravenous ( IV ) drip of tramadol would be an effective and safe alternative . this prospective study , 300 patients with renal colic were randomized into four treatment groups , single blind for the patients . the start , all received an anti-inflammatory drug intramuscularly and an antiemetic and antispasmodic IV . A was given the classical IV antispasmodic perfusion combined with a sham drip . B received the classical antispasmodic perfusion in combination with a tramadol drip . C had a sham perfusion and drip . D received a sham perfusion and tramadol drip . was no significant difference in the degree of pain between the groups on a visual analog scale ( VAS ) at the start . pain was scored again on the VAS at 30 minutes , 1 hour , and 4 hours after the start of the treatment and at IV urography . effects , as well as the need for rescue medication , were registered . tramadol groups scored significantly better after 60 and 240 minutes and during IV urography ( P < 0.005 ) . was a significant decrease in VAS in group B after 30 minutes . tramadol groups needed significantly less rescue medication ( P = 0.001 ) . was no significant difference in the reported side effects . combination spasmolytic-tramadol drip scored the best , although the difference was not statistically significant . consider our hypothesis proved that a continuous tramadol drip is a safe and valuable analgesic regimen in renal colic ."
4241,Abstract #4241,"studies have reported increased fat oxidation with diacylglycerol ( DAG ) oil consumption . , the effects of long-term DAG oil consumption on energy metabolism remain to be investigated . objective of this study was to compare the effects of 14 days of either DAG or triacylglycerol ( TAG ) oil consumption on substrate oxidation , energy expenditure ( EE ) and dietary fat oxidation . males and six females participated in this randomized , double-blind , crossover feeding study . patient consumed the 14-day controlled test diet containing either 10 g day ( -1 ) of DAG or TAG oil for acclimatization before a respiratory chamber measurement , followed by a 2-week washout period between diet treatments . oxidation and EE were measured in the respiratory chamber at the end of each dietary treatment . patients consumed test oil as 15 % of total caloric intake in the respiratory chamber ( mean test oil intake was 36.1 + / -6.6 g day ( -1 ) ) . hour fat oxidation was significantly greater with 14 days of DAG oil consumption compared with TAG oil consumption ( 78.6 + / -19.6 and 72.6 + / -14.9 g day ( -1 ) , respectively , P < 0.05 ) . were no differences in body weight or body composition between diet treatments . fat oxidation was determined using the recovery rate of ( 13 ) CO ( 2 ) in breath , and was significantly enhanced with DAG oil consumption compared with TAG oil consumption , measured over 22 h after ingestion of ( 13 ) C-labelled triolein . metabolic rate ( RMR ) was significantly greater with DAG oil consumption compared with TAG oil consumption ( 1766 + / -337 and 1680 + / -316 kcal day ( -1 ) , respectively , P < 0.05 ) . of DAG oil for 14 days stimulates both fat oxidation and RMR compared with TAG oil consumption , which may explain the greater loss of body weight and body fat with DAG oil consumption that has been observed in weight-loss studies ."
4242,Abstract #4242,"pylori infection is a common chronic human bacterial infection . - therapy regimen containing a proton pump inhibitor , clarithromycin , and either amoxicillin or metronidazole is commonly used as first-line treatment for its eradication . , it may not provide the acceptable eradication rate . present study was designed to evaluated efficacy of low dose furazolidone with amoxicillin and omeprazole for eradication of H - pylori . hundred twenty patients with non - ulcer dyspepsia or peptic ulcer confirmed by upper GI endoscopy , plus H - pylori infection confirmed by rapid urease test were included in the study . were randomly divided into two groups , and then received clarithromycin , amoxicillin , and omeprazole , or furazolidone ( 100 mg PO bid ) , amoxicillin , and omeprazole . were evaluated using urea breath test at the end of the study . eradication rates were 57.6 % and 78.8 % in clarithromycin and furazolidone groups , respectively . difference was statistically significant ( P value 0.013 ) . side effect was seen in the furazolidone group . dose furazolidone rather than clarithromycin can be used as low - cost and effective drug for eradication of H - pylori , in combination with amoxicillin and omeprazole ."
4243,Abstract #4243,"high-cardiovascular-risk treated hypertensive patients , the incidence of cardiovascular events has been reported to relate to visit-to-visit blood pressure ( BP ) variability . investigated whether visit-to-visit BP variability is prognostically important in treated mildly to moderately hypertensive patients in whom treatment aims at avoiding events but also at preventing or delaying progression of organ damage . analyzed the pooled data from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis ( ELSA ) , a randomized , double-blind 4-year trial of the effect of lacidipine or atenolol on echographic carotid intima-media thickness . BP variability was assessed by the coefficient of variation or the SD of the mean on-treatment systolic BP ( SBP ) obtained at 6 - ( clinic BP ) and 12 - ( 24 hours BP ) month intervals , respectively ( 1521 and 1264 patients , respectively ) . a multivariable linear regression model , mean on-treatment clinic or 24-hour SBP , but not SBP coefficient of variation or SD , was associated with end-of-treatment carotid intima-media thickness . thickness increased progressively from the lowest to highest quartile of mean on-treatment clinic or 24-hour SBP ( adjusted P for trend = 0.046 and 0.048 ) but not along similar quartiles of SBP coefficient of variation or SD . a multivariable logistic regression model , mean BP , but not variability , was associated with cardiovascular outcomes . mildly to moderately hypertensive patients , carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular outcomes were related to the mean clinic or ambulatory SBP achieved by treatment but not to on-treatment visit-to-visit clinic or 24-hour BP variability . , when BP is modestly elevated , inconsistency of BP control between visits plays a less important prognostic role than long-term average BP levels ."
4244,Abstract #4244,"investigated the effects of 2 months of treatment with topical estrogens on atrophic vaginitis and gynecological health in Asian women . , open-label trial of 150 postmenopausal women age < 70 years with atrophic vaginitis . applied conjugated equine estrogens ( CEE ) vaginal cream ( 0.625 mg/g ) once daily on days 1-21 of two 28-day cycles . in the vaginal maturation index ( VMI ) from baseline to days 21 ( month 1 ) and 49 ( month 2 ) were the primary outcome . changes were assessed by the Genital Health Clinical Examination ( GHCE ) . VMI was significantly improved ( p < 0.001 ) from baseline at each assessment period . significant improvement in GHCE from baseline after 1 month ( p < 0.001 ) was maintained at 2 months . treatment with CEE cream for 21 days of two consecutive 28-day cycles resulted in beneficial changes in the vaginal tissues and induced an overall genital health pattern more characteristic of the premenopausal state ."
4245,Abstract #4245,"assess the effectiveness of a multi-level ( individual , family , and school ) school-based intervention to prevent the exposure to secondhand smoke ( SHS ) in a population of schoolchildren ( 12-14 years old ) . was a community trial with cluster randomization of schools to an intervention and comparison group ( ClinicalTrials.Gov identifier NCT01881607 ) . intervention targeted schoolchildren in Terrassa ( Catalonia , Spain ) . assessed SHS exposure in different settings and tobacco consumption by means of a questionnaire before and one year after the intervention . analyzed data from 1734 students with both baseline and follow-up data . crude analysis showed that SHS exposure among students in the intervention group significantly decreased at school ( -14.0 % ) , at home ( -19.9 % ) , and on transportation ( -21.8 % ) . the comparison group , SHS exposure significantly decreased only at home ( -16.9 % ) . adjustment for potential confounders , the good accomplishment of the activities showed a possible trend towards a non-significant reduction in exposure at home , transportation , and leisure time . this school-based multi-level intervention had no overall effect in SHS exposure , the improvement of the activities focused on preventing SHS would be needed in order to achieve a significant decrease in the proportion of children exposed to SHS ."
4246,Abstract #4246,"observed the effects on bone metabolism of the addition of different doses of oral norethisterone during treatment with the GnRH agonist nafarelin ( Synarel , Syntex ) . women with a subjective complaint of heavy menstrual blood loss or objective evidence of endometriosis received intra-nasal nafarelin 400 micrograms daily for 6 months and also received , in a randomized , double blind manner , either 0.7 mg ( n = 24 ) , 1.4 mg ( n = 23 ) or 2.45 mg ( n = 23 ) of oral norethisterone or placebo ( n = 24 ) daily . was continued for a further 6 months after treatment . patients ( 33 % ) left the study prematurely and three patients were non-compliant with the study drug . 6 months significant increases in urinary calcium/creatinine ratio were seen , compared to baseline , in the nafareline and placebo ( P = 0.001 , n = 14 ) , 0.7 mg ( P = 0.04 , n = 13 ) and 1.4 mg norethisterone groups ( P = 0.009 , n = 17 ) but not in the nafarelin or 2.45 mg norethisterone groups ( P = 0.72 , n = 16 ) . of the spine , however , showed decreases at 6 months in all groups : 6.14 % ( P = 0.0004 , n = 11 ) , 5.46 % n = 0.0006 , n = 13 ) , 3.93 % ( P = 0.008 , n = 14 ) and 4.04 % ( P = 0.004 , n = 16 ) for the groups receiving nafarelin and placebo , nafarelin and norethisterone 0.7 , 1.4 and 2.45 mg respectively . months after stopping nafarelin , with or without norethisterone , bone mass was not different from baseline . concomitant daily use of up to 2.45 mg of norethisterone does not eliminate the bone demineralization seen during GnRH agonist therapy with nafarelin in premenopausal women ."
4247,Abstract #4247,"clinicians accept that relapse is probable when successful acute phase pharmacotherapy is discontinued , less is known about when to stop versus continue successful cognitive therapy . report describes the development of `` translational tools '' to bridge the gap between research and practice on this and similar decisions that practitioners make daily . aim to provide patients , clinicians , and public health administrators ' practical tools to facilitate informed decisions about when to stop versus continue cognitive therapy with responders who presented with recurrent major depressive disorder ( MDD ) . are drawn from a randomized clinical trial [ Jarrett , R.B. , Kraft , D. , Doyle , J. , Foster , B.M. , Eaves , G.G. , Silver , P.C. , 2001 . recurrent depression using cognitive therapy with and without a continuation phase : a randomized clinical trial . . Psychiatry , 58 , 381-388 ] showing that continuation-phase cognitive therapy ( C-CT ; [ Jarrett , R.B. , 1989 . therapy for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder : The continuation/maintenance phase ] ) reduced relapse more over 8 months than an assessment-only control , for responders to acute phase cognitive therapy ( A-CT ; [ Beck , A.T. , Rush , A.J. , Shaw , B.F. , Emery , G. , 1979 . therapy of depression . York , Guilford Press ] ) . provide tools to translate the additional finding that , over 2 years , responders to A-CT for recurrent depression with higher residual symptoms were more likely to require C-CT to avoid relapse/recurrence than responders with lower or no residual symptoms . measure residual symptoms we provide the specific scores from six readily available measures of depressive symptom severity taken at the last acute phase session and their associated probabilities of relapse or recurrence over 8 , 12 , and 24 months . tools can aid individual patient and providers in making informed decisions when they decide to continue versus discontinue cognitive therapy . results are limited to a 20-session trial of A-CT for recurrent depression conducted by highly experienced therapists and require replication ."
4248,Abstract #4248,"the Wellness for Women Project , a randomized-by-site 1-year controlled clinical trial , the efficacy of generic newsletters and newsletters tailored on Health Promotion Model behavior-specific cognitions , eating behavior , and activity behavior were compared among 225 women aged 50 to 69 years . purpose of this study was to compare the maintenance of change in healthy eating and physical activity over the 12 months following the tailored versus generic mailed newsletter intervention . at 18 and 24 months included behavioral markers and biomarkers of physical activity and eating . were analyzed using the multivariate approach to repeated measures analysis of variance and generalized estimating equations ( alpha < .05 ) . 18 months , the tailored group maintained levels of all eating and activity behaviors , whereas the generic group maintained levels of fruit and vegetable servings , a moderate or greater activity , stretching exercise , lower body strength and flexibility but increased saturated fat intake and declined in weekly strength exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness . 24 months , both groups maintained or returned to 12-month levels of all eating behaviors , moderate or greater activity , stretching exercise , and flexibility but declined in cardiorespiratory fitness ; the tailored group maintained levels of strength exercise and lower body strength , whereas the generic group decreased in both . greater proportion of women who received tailored newsletters continued to achieve most Healthy People 2010 criteria for eating and activity . tailored print newsletters were more efficacious than generic newsletters in facilitating maintenance of change in eating and activity for 6 months postintervention . tailored and generic newsletters facilitated the maintenance of change in eating behaviors and in moderate or greater physical activity and stretching exercise , whereas tailored newsletters were more efficacious in maintaining change in strength exercise for 12 months postintervention ."
4249,Abstract #4249,"purpose of this study was to compare two enteral formulas , differing only in fat source , for product acceptance , tolerance , and effect on fat malabsorption and nutritional status in subjects with acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) . double-blind , randomized 15-day trial was divided into a 3-day period in which solid food was consumed followed by a 12-day experimental period in which liquid formulas were consumed . men and one woman with AIDS and fat malabsorption completed the study . study was conducted in the General Clinical Research Center , University of Alabama Hospital , University of Alabama at Birmingham . assays were performed in the Department of Nutrition Sciences . 3 days of consuming a controlled , solid food diet containing 100 g fat per day from mixed sources to document fat malabsorption , subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups . group received a liquid formula containing 35 % of energy as fat for 12 days . group received a formula containing 85 % medium-chain triglycerides ( MCTs ) and the control group received a formula containing 100 % long-chain triglycerides . included stool number , consistency , weight , and fat and nitrogen content ; urine nitrogen and creatinine levels ; and body weight . demographic and other baseline characteristics were compared using two-sample t tests ; stool and urine assessments were compared between groups at the initial experimental period using two-sample t tests ; changes from initial to final experimental periods were assessed by means of analysis of covariance ; changes in pooled intake , body weight , and the number and consistency of bowel movements were also assessed using analysis of covariance . statistical tests were two-tailed and considered significant at P < .05 . comparisons indicated that subjects fed the MCT formula showed significantly decreased stool fat and stool nitrogen content ( P = .01 and P = .03 , respectively ) and increased fat absorption ( P = .03 ) , whereas those fed the control formula did not . in stool fat between the groups were not statistically significant . , the difference in fat absorption from the initial to final formula period was significant ( P = .04 ) . consuming the MCT formula also tended to have a decreased number of bowel movements and abdominal symptoms , whereas subjects fed the control formula showed no improvement . subjects maintained their body weights . may be advantages to using an MCT-based formula in the treatment of AIDS-associated malabsorption ."
4250,Abstract #4250,"study aimed to investigate the efficiency of FES application on the abdomen-posterior back muscles in children with CP that were enrolled into physical therapy and rehabilitation ( PTR ) program . study included 55 spastic diplegic children that were hospitalized for rehabilitation . with deformities that could disrupt the balance in sitting and cause problems in evaluations were excluded . patients were randomly divided into two equal groups according to their time of presentation . children completed the study . control group received PTR program only for 4 weeks . children in the FES group received PTR in addition to electrical stimulation . stimulation was applied 5 days a week for 4 weeks to abdomen-posterior back muscles in 30-minute-long sessions . evaluate the balance in sitting , sitting score of gross motor function measurement ( GMFM ) and to evaluate the trunk asymmetry in sitting , radiographic measurements were used . , kyphosis , Cobb and sacral angles were measured . comparisons of the measurements of the two groups before and after the treatment showed that the GMFM sitting score and the sacral angle were statistically significantly increased , and the kyphotic and Cobb angles were statistically significantly decreased . the treatment , both groups demonstrated an increase in the GMFM score , but the increase in the FES group was statistically significantly higher than that in the control group . respect to radiological measurements , the changes observed in both the kyphotic and Cobb angles after the treatment were statistically significantly higher in the FES group than in the control group . rates of the changes in the sacral angle did not differ among the groups . believe to provide balance in sitting for children with CP , FES applied on abdomen-back muscles along with conventional therapy to maintain trunk control is more effective than conventional therapy alone ."
4251,Abstract #4251,"relating cardiovascular outcomes to dietary or blood measures of various fatty acids rely on the implicit assumptions that dietary change results in changes in blood fatty acids that , in turn , alter cardiac fatty acids . dietary intakes of n-3 ( omega-3 ) , n-6 ( omega-6 ) , and trans fatty acids are reflected in their concentrations in blood , there are few human data on the relation between blood and cardiac concentrations of fatty acids . objective was to explore relations between blood and myocardial n-3 , n-6 , trans , monosaturated , and saturated fatty acids over a range of community intakes to evaluate whether blood fatty acids are useful surrogate markers of their cardiac counterparts . undergoing on-pump coronary bypass surgery were recruited . atrial appendages and blood were collected at surgery for fatty acid analysis . appendages and matching blood samples were collected from 61 patients . significant correlations were identified between atrial and erythrocyte or plasma n-3 [ eg , eicosapentaenoic acid ( erythrocytes : r = 0.93 , P < 0.0001 ; plasma : r = 0.87 , P < 0.0001 ) ] , some n-6 [ eg , arachidonic acid ( erythrocytes : r = 0.45 , P = 0.0003 ; plasma : r = 0.39 , P = 0.002 ) ] , trans [ eg , total trans 18:1 ( erythrocytes : r = 0.89 , P < 0.0001 ; plasma : r = 0.74 , P < 0.0001 ) ] , and monounsaturated [ eg , oleic acid ( erythrocytes : r = 0.37 , P = 0.003 ) ] fatty acids . were no statistical associations between blood and cardiac saturated fatty acids . - and plasma phospholipid-derived fatty acids can be used to estimate cardiac fatty acid status in humans ."
4252,Abstract #4252,"observations have shown this bioresorbable scaffold to have no signs of area reduction at 6 months and recovery of vasomotion at 1 year . observations at 6 months and 2 years have to confirm the absence of late restenosis or unfavorable imaging outcomes . ABSORB trial is a multicenter single-arm trial assessing the safety and performance of an everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold . patients underwent serial invasive imaging , such as quantitative coronary angiography , intravascular ultrasound , and optical coherence tomography at 6 and 24 months of follow-up . 6 to 24 months , late luminal loss increased from 0.160.18 to 0.270.20 mm on quantitative coronary angiography , with an increase in neointima of 0.680.43 mm ( 2 ) on optical coherence tomography and 0.170.26 mm ( 2 ) on intravascular ultrasound . still recognizable on optical coherence tomography at 2 years showed 99 % of neointimal coverage with optical and ultrasonic signs of bioresorption accompanied by increase in mean scaffold area compared with baseline ( 0.541.09 mm ( 2 ) on intravascular ultrasound , P = 0.003 and 0.771.33 m ( 2 ) on optical coherence tomography , P = 0.016 ) . major adverse cardiac event rate was 6.8 % without any scaffold thrombosis . serial analysis of the second generation of the everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold confirmed , at medium term , the safety and efficacy of the new device . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00856856 ."
4253,Abstract #4253,"oxygen species are markedly increased after ischemia and play important roles in the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury . the oxidative stress response after brain ischemia provides a potential therapeutic strategy . is a natural flavonoid that exhibits antioxidant properties . , the mechanisms by which it protects cells are not fully understood . training also reduces oxidative stress and enhances brain recovery . purpose of this study was to determine whether combined exercise training with quercetin treatment could result in better neuroprotection and functional recovery in rats subjected to brain ischemia . were randomly assigned to the following groups : middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) with rest control , MCAO with quercetin , MCAO with exercise , or MCAO with exercise and quercetin . determine the effect of PI3K/Akt pathway in quercetin and exercise-mediated neuroprotection , two additional groups , a group of MCAO with quercetin and PI3K/Akt inhibitor ( LY294002 ) and a group of MCAO with exercise , quercetin , and PI3K/Akt inhibitor , were added in this study . function was examined at the 24th hour and 14th day post-MCAO . samples were used to measure the expression of antioxidative and antiapoptotic proteins as well as to measure the infarct volume . with either exercise or quercetin significantly decreased oxidative stress and infarct volume , increased antioxidative and antiapoptotic signaling , and improved motor function . training combined with quercetin treatment resulted in better outcomes than either treatment alone . inhibition eliminated the protective effects of exercise training and quercetin treatment . enhances exercise-mediated functional recovery after brain ischemia via up-regulation of PI3K/Akt activity to promote antioxidative and antiapoptotic signaling ."
4254,Abstract #4254,"examine the effect of ticlopidine administration on the activities CYP2C19 and CYP3 A in vivo using omeprazole as a model substrate . single dose of 40 mg omeprazole was administered orally with or without ticlopidine ( 300 mg daily for 6 days ) to six Japanese extensive metabolisers with respect to CYP2C19 . samples were taken for the measurement of plasma concentrations of omeprazole , 5-hydroxyomeprazole and omeprazole sulphone . administration increased omeprazole Cmax ( 1978 + / -859 / 3442 + / -569 ( control phase/ticlopidine phase , nm ) ) and decreased the oral clearance of omeprazole ( CL/F ; 25.70 + / -16.17 / 10.76 + / -1.16 ( control phase/ticlopidine phase , l h-1 ) ) significantly . 5-hydroxyomeprazole to omeprazole AUC ratio ( 0.817 + / -0.448 / 0.236 + / -0.053 ( control phase/ticlopidine phase ) ) and the 5-hydroxyomeprazole to omeprazole sulphone AUC ratio ( 1.114 + / -0.782 / 0.256 + / -0.051 ( control phase/ticlopidine phase ) ) were decreased significantly after ticlopidine administration . decrease in omeprazole CL/F and the 5-hydroxyomeprazole to omeprazole AUC ratio correlated significantly with their respective absolute values when the drug was given alone . decrease in CL/F following ticlopidine administration correlated with that in the 5-hydroxyomeprazole to omeprazole AUC ratio . findings suggest that ticlopidine inhibited the in vivo activity of CYP2C19 , but not , or to a lesser extent CYP3 A4 , and that the magnitude of inhibition by ticlopidine is related to the in vivo activity of CYP2C19 before inhibition ."
4255,Abstract #4255,"activity is a cornerstone in therapy for patients with metabolic syndrome . and hiking in a mountain scenery represents an ideal approach to make them move . Austrian Moderate Altitude Study ( AMAS ) 2000 main study is a randomized controlled trial to investigate the cardiovascular effects of hiking at moderate altitude on patients with metabolic syndrome compared with a control group at low altitude , to assess a potential altitude-specific effect . male patients with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to a moderate altitude group ( at 1700 m ) , with 36 participants , or to a low altitude group ( at 200 m ) , with 35 participants . 3-week vacation program included 12 hiking tours ( 4 per week , average duration 2.5 hours , intensity 55 % to 65 % of heart rate maximum ) . parameters , performance capacity , 24-hour blood pressure , and heart rate profiles were obtained before , during , and after the stay . both groups , we found a significant mean weight loss of -3.13 kg ; changes in performance capacity were minor . , diastolic , and mean arterial pressures and circadian heart rate profiles were significantly reduced in both groups , with no differences between them . , the pressure-rate product was reduced as well . study participants tolerated the vacation well without any adverse events . 3-week hiking vacation at moderate or low altitude is safe for patients with metabolic syndrome and provides several improvements in their cardiovascular parameters . cardiovascular benefits achieved are more likely to be the result of regular physical activity than the altitude-specific effect of a mountain environment ."
4256,Abstract #4256,"Hypertension Optimal Treatment ( HOT ) Study provided information about cardiovascular events in 18,790 hypertensives , subjected to pronounced blood pressure lowering for a mean of 3.8 years . HOT Study data have been further analysed after risk stratification of the patients ( 1999 World Health Organization and International Society of Hypertension guidelines criteria ) : ( i ) no patients of the HOT Study were classified as low risk , 50 % were classified as medium risk , 20.2 % as high risk and 29.8 % as very high risk ; ( ii ) incidence of cardiovascular events in these patients with excellent blood pressure control [ 92 % had diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) < or = 90 mmHg ] remained proportional to pretreatment risk . relative risk of very high - versus medium-risk strata was between two and three both when HOT Study patients were considered independently of , or within the DBP target group they had been randomized to ; and ( iii ) event rates in all risk strata were calculated to be much lower ( possibly 60 % lower ) than rates expected from baseline risk calculated approximately by the Framingham equation . low event rate in HOT Study patients is likely to result from pronounced blood pressure lowering , and is not explained by a lower risk profile than in previous controlled trials of antihypertensive treatment . persistence of a risk gradient despite intensive blood pressure lowering suggests a combination of blood pressure control with other strategies of risk correction and the need to initiate antihypertensive therapy before complications develop ."
4257,Abstract #4257,"evaluate the effects of combining the assessment of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) with that of Epstein-Barr virus DNA ( EBV DNA ) in the pretherapy prognostication of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) . independent cohorts of NPC patients ( training set of n = 3113 , internal validation set of n = 1556 , and prospective validation set of n = 1668 ) were studied . of disease-free survival , distant metastasis-free survival , and overall survival were assessed by multivariate analysis . ratios and survival probabilities of the patient groups , segregated by clinical stage ( T1-2N0-1M0 , T3-4N0-1M0 , T1-2N2-3M0 , and T3-4N2-3M0 ) and EBV DNA load ( low or high ) alone , and also according to hs-CRP level ( low or high ) , were compared . hs-CRP and EBV DNA levels were significantly correlated with poor disease-free survival , distant metastasis-free survival , and overall survival in both the training and validation sets . were similar and remained significant after excluding patients with cardiovascular disease , diabetes , and chronic hepatitis B. Patients with advanced-stage disease were segregated by high EBV DNA levels and high hs-CRP level into a poorest-risk group , and participants with either high EBV DNA but low hs-CRP level or high hs-CRP but low EBV DNA values had poorer survival compared with the bottom values for both biomarkers . findings demonstrate a significant improvement in the prognostic ability of conventional advanced NPC staging . plasma EBV DNA and serum hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with survival in NPC patients . combined interpretation of EBV DNA with hs-CRP levels led to refinement of the risks for the patient subsets , with improved risk discrimination in patients with advanced-stage disease ."
4258,Abstract #4258,"combined with radiotherapy ( RT ) is a treatment option for head and neck cancer . objectives of this randomized , phase II trial were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab maintenance therapy following definitive RT with concomitant cetuximab in patients with oropharyngeal cancer . patients with stage III-IV M0 oropharyngeal tumors were randomly assigned to the treatment with accelerated concomitant boost RT ( 69.9 Gy ) + cetuximab or the same treatment with the addition of 12 consecutive weeks of cetuximab maintenance therapy . primary end point was locoregional control ( LRC ) at 1 year . at 1 year was superior among patients in the experimental arm , treated with cetuximab maintenance ( 59 % versus 47 % ) . , LRC was similar between both arms after 2 years of follow-up , as a result of increased locoregional recurrences after the first year in the maintenance group . treated with adjuvant cetuximab do recover very soon from toxic effect after combined treatment . weeks of cetuximab maintenance therapy after concomitant cetuximab + RT in locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma is feasible and improves clinical outcomes measured at 1 year . improvement is not maintained after the second year suggesting that epidermal growth factor receptor blockade is not sufficient to completely eliminate the minimal residual disease ."
4259,Abstract #4259,"little research has been conducted in the West to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Japanese acupuncture ( JA ) . characteristics that define and differentiate JA from Chinese acupuncture styles add specific challenges to the operationalization of treatment protocols for use in clinical trials . develop an ecologically valid and viable multimodal treatment intervention , including active and sham protocols , for use in a pilot randomized sham-controlled trial of a style of JA in treating endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain in adolescents and young women . focus group format was used to systematize the diagnostic framework , operationalize the intake , design the treatment protocols , and develop a viable and effective sham acupuncture intervention using the Streitberger device and sham moxibustion . of the treatment protocol employed the manualization process to provide flexibility of treatment while assuring replicability and standardization . Japanese Acupuncture Department at the New England School of Acupuncture in Newton , MA . study visit forms indicated good compliance of study practitioners with active and sham treatment protocols . specific JA protocols used in our pilot study were well tolerated by the adolescent girls who participated in the trial . serious adverse events were reported by any participants . protocols were successful in maintaining patient blinding and minimizing differences in outcome expectations between treatment groups . provided a viable method for conforming to the interactive nature of JA treatments , yet facilitated compliance with a replicable treatment protocol . controls of complex , multicomponent JA interventions pose unique challenges . modified Streitberger needle in conjunction with sham moxibustion showed promise as a viable control in clinical trails of JA ; both components of this sham protocol require further validation ."
4260,Abstract #4260,"animal models of brain injury , administration of numerous pharmaceuticals is reported to facilitate functional recovery . , only drugs that increase the release of norepinephrine have been shown to promote recovery when administered late ( days to weeks ) after injury . determine whether these findings were applicable to humans , we administered the norepinephrine stimulant dextroamphetamine , paired with physical therapy , to hemiplegic stroke patients . hemiplegic patients who suffered an acute ischemic infarction were entered between days 16 and 30 after onset and randomly assigned to receive either 10 mg of dextroamphetamine or a placebo orally every fourth day for 10 sessions paired with physical therapy . Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale was used at baseline , within each session , and for 12 months after onset as the dependent measure . medications such as alpha-adrenergic antagonists or agonists were excluded in all subjects . there were no differences between the groups at baseline ( P = .599 ) , there was a significant ( P = .047 ) difference between the groups when the drug had been discontinued for 1 week and at the 12-month follow-up visit ( P = .047 ) . of dextroamphetamine paired with physical therapy increased the rate and extent of motor recovery in a small group of hemiplegic stroke patients . data support and extend previous findings of the facilitatory aspects of certain types of drugs on recovery from brain injury . use of neuromodulation may allow the nervous system to adapt previously unused or alternative pathways to relevant external input ."
4261,Abstract #4261,"evaluate treatment safety and hemodynamic changes during a single 6-h treatment with the Prometheus liver assist system in a randomized , controlled study . patients were randomized to either the study group or to one of two control groups : Fractionated Plasma Separation Adsorption and Dialysis , Prometheus system ( Study group ; n = 8 ) ; Molecular Adsorbent Recirculation System ( MARS ) ( Control group 1 , n = 8 ) ; or hemodialysis ( Control group 2 ; n = 8 ) . patients included in the study had decompensated cirrhosis at the time of the inclusion into the study . changes were monitored with a Swan-Ganz catheter and bilirubin and creatinine were monitored as measures of protein-bound and water-soluble toxins . hemodynamics did not differ between treatment and control groups apart from an increase in arterial pressure in the MARS group ( P = 0.008 ) . adverse effects were observed in any of the groups . levels significantly decreased in the MARS group ( P = 0.03 ) and hemodialysis group ( P = 0.04 ) . count deceased in the Prometheus group ( P = 0.04 ) . liver support with Prometheus is proven to be safe in patients with endstage liver disease but does not exert the beneficial effects on arterial pressure as seen in the MARS group ."
4262,Abstract #4262,"dysfunction following cardiac surgery is more apparent in high-risk patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction , diabetes and impaired left-ventricular function , and following complicated procedures involving prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) . aim of this prospectively randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled study was to evaluate reno-protective effect of low-dose furosemide infusion in this high-risk group . with preoperative serum creatinine > 130 micromol/l ( 1.4 mg/dl ) , left-ventricular ejection fraction < 50 % , congestive heart failure , diabetes , or procedures involving prolonged CPB were randomised to receive either saline at 2 ml/h ( n = 21 ) , or furosemide at 4 mg/h ( n = 21 ) . was commenced after induction of anaesthesia and continued for 12h postoperatively . dysfunction was defined as > 50 % increase in serum creatinine postoperatively , or > 130 micromol/l ( 1.4 mg/dl ) , or requirement for haemodialysis , or all of these . patients with preoperative serum creatinine > 130 micromol/l , > 50 % increase over preoperative levels was used to define postoperative renal dysfunction . cardiac surgery , patients receiving furosemide had a higher urine output ( 3.4 + / -1.2 ml/kg/h in furosemide group and 1.2 + / -0.5 ml/kg/h in placebo group ; p < 0.001 ) , higher postoperative fluid requirement ( 4631 + / -1359 ml in furosemide group and 3714 + / -807 ml in placebo group , p = 0.011 ) , and lower urinary-creatinine ( 2 + / -1.3 micromol/l in furosemide group and 5.9 + / -2.5 micromol/l in placebo group p < 0.001 ) . groups had significant increase in retinol binding protein/creatinine ratio ( 7.2 + / -6 to 3152 + / -1411 in furosemide group ; 4.9 + / -2.1 to 2809 + / -1125 in placebo group ; p < 0.001 ) and peak serum creatinine ( 98 + / -33 to 177 + / -123 micromol/l in furosemide group ; 96 + / -20 to 143 + / -87 micromol/l in placebo group ; p < 0.001 ) , and a significant decrease in peak creatinine-clearance ( 64.3 + / -29.4 to 39.1 + / -16.6 ml/min in furosemide group ; 65.5 + / -38.6 to 41.8 + / -17.8 ml/min in placebo group ; p < 0.001 ) following cardiac surgery , implying significant renal injury following cardiac surgery . creatinine levels ( 177 + / -123 micromol/l in furosemide group and 143 + / -87 micromol/l in placebo group ; p = 0.35 ) and peak creatinine-clearance ( 39.1 + / -16.6 ml/min in furosemide group and 41.8 + / -17.8 ml/min in placebo group ; p = 0.61 ) were similar in the two groups . , there was no difference in incidence of renal dysfunction between the furosemide group ( 9/21 ) and the control group ( 8/21 ) ( relative risk 1.1 , 95 % confidence interval 0.6-2 .2 ; p = 0.99 ) . randomised trial did not demonstrate any benefit of furosemide-infusion postoperatively in high-risk cardiac surgical patients . urinary output increased with furosemide , there was no decrease in renal injury , and no decrease in incidence of renal dysfunction ."
4263,Abstract #4263,"evaluate the safety and antiviral activity of once-daily ( qd ) enfuvirtide ( ENF ) compared with twice daily ( bid ) ENF . was a phase 2 , open-label , randomized , 48-week pilot study comparing ENF 180 mg qd versus ENF 90 mg bid , added to an optimized background ( OB ) regimen . were randomized 1:1 to receive ENF 180 mg qd given as two 90-mg injections ( n = 30 ) or one 90-mg injection bid ( n = 31 ) , plus OB . primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a HIV-1 RNA viral load < 400 copies/mL . , pharmacokinetics , safety , and tolerability parameters , including injection site reactions ( ISRs ) , were compared between treatment arms . Week 48 , 23.3 % of patients on once daily versus 22.6 % on twice daily ( p = .969 ) reached < 400 copies/mL and 13.3 % and 22.6 % ( p = .323 ) , respectively , reached < 50 copies/mL . proportion reporting 1 adverse event or ISRs was comparable between arms , despite an increased incidence of grade 4 erythema ( 13 % vs. 0 % ) , induration ( 33 % vs. 12 % ) , and ecchymosis ( 7 % vs. 0 % ) on twice daily versus once daily . adherence ( 95 % of prescribed doses ) was higher on once daily ( 80.0 % ) versus twice daily ( 58.1 % ) . antiviral efficacy , safety , and tolerability of 180 mg ENF qd appeared comparable with that of 90 mg ENF bid at Week 48 , although the study was not powered to demonstrate the noninferiority of once daily versus twice daily ."
4264,Abstract #4264,"several prospective studies have examined the safety and efficacy of stent placement for femoropopliteal arterial disease , the current cost of these procedures is unknown . estimate and compare hospital costs associated with conventional balloon angioplasty ( percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [ PTA ] ) and stent placement for patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease , the authors performed a prospective economic evaluation in conjunction with the Intracoil Femoropopliteal Stent Trial ( VascuCoil ) . May 1997 and December 1999 , 266 patients with stenotic or occluded superficial femoral or popliteal arteries were prospectively randomized to treatment with the IntraCoil stent or PTA . resource use and cost data for each patient 's initial revascularization procedure and ensuing hospitalization were collected and analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis . with conventional balloon angioplasty , stent placement did not improve clinical outcomes but increased procedure duration , equipment costs , and physician services . a result , initial hospital costs were approximately 3,500 dollars higher for patients randomized to the IntraCoil stent , compared with PTA ( 8,435 dollars vs 4,980 dollars ; P < .001 ) . performed in the VascuCoil trial , primary stent placement for femoropopliteal disease did not improve clinical outcomes but increased initial treatment costs by more than 3,000 dollars . there were no substantial differences in subsequent clinical outcomes between the two treatments , it is unlikely that these increased initial costs would be offset by savings in follow-up costs . findings suggest that a strategy of routine stent implantation for patients undergoing femoropopliteal PTA is not optimal on economic grounds and that PTA with provisional stent implantation is preferred ."
4265,Abstract #4265,"evaluate the efficacy and anti-inflammatory activity of systemic linoleic ( LA ) and gamma-linolenic acid ( GLA ) , which decrease chronic inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis , on the ocular surface of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca . a randomized clinical trial , 26 patients with aqueous-deficient keratoconjunctivitis sicca were consecutively selected from patients presenting to Department of Neurosciences , Ophthalmology and Genetics , University of Genoa . diagnosis was based on dry eye symptom survey score , Schirmer-1 test values , positive vital staining with lissamine green , and fluorescein break-up time ( FBUT ) . patients had ocular surface inflammation based on HLA-DR expression , a major histocompatibility class II antigen , on epithelial bulbar conjunctiva samples . subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 13 patients each . study group received tablets containing LA ( 28.5 mg ) and GLA ( 15 mg ) twice daily for 45 days and used tears ; the control group received a tear substitute and a placebo tablet for 45 days . significant changes in symptoms ( p < 0.005 ) , lissamine green staining ( p < 0.005 ) , and ocular surface inflammation ( p < 0.05 ) occurred in the study group compared with controls . expression varied from 58.5 + / - 14.1 % positive conjunctival cells to 41.3 + / - 18.9 % in the treated group and from 61.4 + / - 21.9 % to 58.0 + / - 13.3 % in the controls . statistically significant difference between groups was found for FBUT and the Schirmer-1 test . with LA and GLA and tear substitutes reduces ocular surface inflammation and improves dry eye symptoms . studies are needed to confirm the role of this new therapy for keratoconjunctivitis sicca ."
4266,Abstract #4266,"Russia , current therapy for the long-term management of asthma is mainly nonsteroidal . situation provides the opportunity to evaluate new asthma treatments in a patient cohort with little previous exposure to inhaled corticosteroids . compare the effect of formoterol ( Oxis ) Turbuhaler plus budesonide ( Pulmicort ) Turbuhaler with budesonide Turbuhaler alone , on the health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) of patients with mild to moderate asthma . double-blind , parallel-group , randomized , 12-week study compared formoterol Turbuhaler plus budesonide Turbuhaler and budesonide Turbuhaler alone with an open control group of the investigator 's choice of noncorticosteroid therapy . completed the Short Form 36 ( SF-36 ) and the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ ) . improvement in HRQL scores for patients treated with noncorticosteroids was significantly less ( p < 0.05 ) than those treated with formoterol plus budesonide and budesonide alone in all domains of the SF-36 and AQLQ with one marginal exception ( budesonide versus investigator 's choice , SF-36 , Mental Component Scale , p = 0.053 ) . in HRQL scores of formoterol plus budesonide , compared with budesonide alone , although generally higher , were not significantly different . plus budesonide was more effective in improving lung function and reducing both symptoms and the need for relief terbutaline inhalation . Turbuhaler plus budesonide Turbuhaler and budesonide Turbuhaler alone significantly improved the HRQL of patients with mild to moderate asthma compared with noncorticosteroid treatment ."
4267,Abstract #4267,"effective obesity treatment is both a clinical challenge and a public health priority due to the health consequences of obesity . determine whether common decision errors identified by behavioral economists such as prospect theory , loss aversion , and regret could be used to design an effective weight loss intervention . healthy participants aged 30-70 years with a body mass index of 30-40 were randomized to 3 weight loss plans : monthly weigh-ins , a lottery incentive program , or a deposit contract that allowed for participant matching , with a weight loss goal of 1 lb ( 0.45 kg ) a week for 16 weeks . were recruited May-August 2007 at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center in Pennsylvania and were followed up through June 2008 . loss after 16 weeks . incentive groups lost significantly more weight than the control group ( mean , 3.9 lb ) . with the control group , the lottery group lost a mean of 13.1 lb ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] of the difference in means , 1.95-16 .40 ; P = .02 ) and the deposit contract group lost a mean of 14.0 lb ( 95 % CI of the difference in means , 3.69-16 .43 ; P = .006 ) . half of those in both incentive groups met the 16-lb target weight loss : 47.4 % ( 95 % CI , 24.5 % -71.1 % ) in the deposit contract group and 52.6 % ( 95 % CI , 28.9 % -75.6 % ) in the lottery group , whereas 10.5 % ( 95 % CI , 1.3 % -33.1 % ; P = .01 ) in the control group met the 16-lb target . the net weight loss between enrollment in the study and at the end of 7 months was larger in the incentive groups ( 9.2 lb ; t = 1.21 ; 95 % CI , -3.20 to 12.66 ; P = .23 , in the lottery group and 6.2 lb ; t = 0.52 ; 95 % CI , -5.17 to 8.75 ; P = .61 in the deposit contract group ) than in the control group ( 4.4 lb ) , these differences were not statistically significant . , incentive participants weighed significantly less at 7 months than at the study start ( P = .01 for the lottery group ; P = .03 for the deposit contract group ) whereas controls did not . use of economic incentives produced significant weight loss during the 16 weeks of intervention that was not fully sustained . longer-term use of incentives should be evaluated . Identifier : NCT00520611 ."
4268,Abstract #4268,"study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of flibanserin , a serotonin receptor 1A agonist/serotonin receptor 2A antagonist , in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder ( HSDD ) . postmenopausal women with HSDD received flibanserin 100 mg once daily at bedtime ( n = 468 ) or placebo ( n = 481 ) for 24 weeks . endpoints were changes from baseline to week 24 in the number of satisfying sexual events ( SSEs ) across 28 days and in the Female Sexual Function Index ( FSFI ) desire domain score . endpoints included change from baseline in Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised ( FSDS-R ) Item 13 score ( which assesses distress due to low sexual desire ) , FSDS-R total score , and FSFI total score . Patient Benefit Evaluation was asked on treatment discontinuation . were significant improvements with flibanserin versus placebo in the mean ( SE ) changes in the number of SSEs ( 1.0 [ 0.1 ] vs 0.6 [ 0.1 ] ) , FSFI desire domain score ( 0.7 [ 0.1 ] vs 0.4 [ 0.1 ] ) , FSDS-R Item 13 score ( -0.8 [ 0.1 ] vs -0.6 [ 0.1 ] ) , FSDS-R total score ( -8.3 [ 0.6 ] vs -6.3 [ 0.6 ] ) , and FSFI total score ( 4.2 [ 0.4 ] vs 2.7 [ 0.4 ] ; all P < 0.01 ) . women on flibanserin ( 37.6 % ) than women on placebo ( 28.0 % ) reported experiencing meaningful benefits from the study medication on treatment discontinuation . most frequent adverse events associated with flibanserin were dizziness , somnolence , nausea , and headache . naturally postmenopausal women with HSDD , flibanserin , compared with placebo , has been associated with improvement in sexual desire , improvement in the number of SSEs , and reduced distress associated with low sexual desire , and is well tolerated ."
4269,Abstract #4269,"compare the efficacy and safety of BiClamp forceps tonsillectomy ( BT ) with standard electrocautery tonsillectomy ( ET ) in terms of postoperative pain and complication rates . randomized study . following variables were examined : postoperative complications , intraoperative blood loss , operating time , postoperative pain and diet scores using visual analog scales , and time until return to normal activity . mean operating time and the grade of intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the BT group than in the ET group for both pediatric and adult patients . adult patients , the overall complication rates were significantly lower in the BT group . addition , a significant early decrease in the pain score and significant improvement in dietary intake until postoperative day 14 were observed in the BT group for both pediatric and adult patients . use of BiClamp forceps in tonsillectomy reduces the intraoperative blood loss and postoperative pain score , and facilitates an early return to normal diet and activity ."
4270,Abstract #4270,"investigate the effect and mechanism of Compound Salvia injection ( CSI ) on nitrate ester tolerance . patients with coronary heart disease ( CHD ) were randomly divided into three groups , Group A treated with isosorbide dinitrate ( ISD , 15 mg , 4 times per day ) alone , Group B with ISD plus CSI and Group C with ISD plus vitamin C. therapeutic course for all groups was 10 days . tolerance to nitrate ester and blood pressure were monitored . and after treatment , the color Doppler ultrasonic apparatus was used to detect the baseline value of humeral arterial internal diameters ( D0 ) , the humeral arterial dilatory response under compression [ D1 , that is , the flow-mediated vasodilation ( FMD ) ] and the vasodilatory response after sucking of nitroglycerin ( D2 ) . the blood levels of endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) , endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) mRNA expression were determined . endothelial-dependent vasodilation ( EDD ) was expressed by ( D1 - D0 ) / D0 x 100 % , and the endothelial-independent vasodilation ( EID ) was expressed by ( D2 - D0 ) / D0 x 100 % . 1 ) The occurrence rate of nitrate tolerance in Group B and C ( 28.57 % and 35.7 % ) was lower than that in Group A ( 64.29 % ) , but insignificant difference was found between the former two . 2 ) After treatment , blood pressure increased in Group A to the level of pre-treatment , that in Group C also increased but still lower than that of pre-treatment , while insignificant increase was observed in Group B , comparison between Group B and C showed significant difference ( P < 0.05 ) . 3 ) After treatment , EID lowered in Group A , EDD increased in Group B and C ( P < 0.05 ) , EDD and EID in Group B and C were higher than those in Group A ( P < 0.05 ) , and EDD was higher in Group B than in Group C ( P < 0.05 ) . 4 ) After treatment , ET-1 mRNA expression lowered in Group B , eNOS mRNA expression increased in Group B and C , with significant difference as compared with those before treatment and those in Group A ( P < 0.05 ) , and eNOS mRNA expression in Group C was lower than that in Group B ( P < 0.05 ) . could partially prevent the occurrence of tolerance to nitrate ester , with the effect better than vitamin C , the mechanism might be related with its regulation on eNOS , ET-1 mRNA expression and protection on vascular endothelial function ."
4271,Abstract #4271,"lipase ( LPL ) is produced by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle , but acts on plasma lipoproteins after being transported to endothelial binding sites . resistance is associated with decreased plasma LPL mass . investigated the effects of insulin sensitisation on tissue-specific LPL expression and transport in patients with type 2 diabetes . gradients of plasma LPL activity and mass across adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were measured in 16 type 2 diabetic patients in a double-blind , placebo-controlled , cross-over randomised trial of rosiglitazone . vivo LPL rate of action was assessed by tissue-specific arterio-venous triglyceride concentration gradients . mRNA was quantified in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biopsies . tissue released large quantities of inactive LPL ( p < 0.001 ) ; skeletal muscle released small amounts of active LPL ( p < 0.01 ) . increased adipose tissue release of LPL mass ( +35 % , p = 0.04 ) and decreased the release of active LPL from skeletal muscle ( -57 % , p = 0.03 ) . increased adipose tissue and skeletal muscle LPL mRNA , but did not affect adipose tissue LPL rate of action or activity . tissue release of LPL mass correlated with systemic LPL mass concentrations ( r = 0.47 , p = 0.007 ) , suggesting that the rate of adipose tissue release of LPL mass is a major determinant of systemic LPL mass concentrations . transport from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are regulated differently . adipose tissue , rosiglitazone increases LPL mRNA abundance and LPL transport rate and possibly increases endothelial binding sites for LPL , but affects neither tissue LPL activity nor LPL rate of action ."
4272,Abstract #4272,"compare the incidence of lymphocyst formation and postoperative morbidity in patients drained or not drained following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection for cervical or endometrial malignancy . prospective study was undertaken of consecutive patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at the Regional Department of Gynaecological Oncology , Gateshead , United Kingdom , between February 1992 and September 1994 . Piver type II procedure was performed with nonclosure of the vaginal cuff and pelvic peritoneum . were randomized at the end of surgery to have either two suction drains inserted along the pelvic sidewalls or to have no drains inserted . detection of lymphocysts was made by clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound scan performed 8 weeks postoperatively . patients were excluded from the study when drains were deemed necessary to assess postoperative blood loss . were randomized to drains , and 49 to no drains . detection of lymphocysts by ultrasound and clinical examination in the drained group ( 15.6 and 5.9 % , respectively ) was not significantly different from the group not drained ( 17.4 and 6.1 % , respectively ) . was no difference in postoperative morbidity in the two groups . appears to be no advantage to the routine use of pelvic suction drainage following radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy ."
4273,Abstract #4273,"used growth mixture modeling to examine heterogeneity in treatment response in a secondary analysis of 2 randomized controlled trials testing multidimensional family therapy ( MDFT ) , an established evidence-based therapy for adolescent drug abuse and delinquency . first study compared 2 evidence-based adolescent substance abuse treatments : individually focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and MDFT in a sample of 224 urban , low-income , ethnic minority youths ( average age = 15 years , 81 % male , 72 % African American ) . second compared a cross-systems version of MDFT ( MDFT-detention to community ) with enhanced services as usual for 154 youths , also primarily urban and ethnic minority ( average age = 15 years , 83 % male , 61 % African American , 22 % Latino ) , who were incarcerated in detention facilities . both studies , the analyses supported the distinctiveness of 2 classes of substance use severity , characterized primarily by adolescents with higher and lower initial severity ; the higher severity class also had greater psychiatric comorbidity . each study , the 2 treatments showed similar effects in the classes with lower severity/frequency of substance use and fewer comorbid diagnoses . , in both studies , MDFT was more effective for the classes with greater overall substance use severity and frequency and more comorbid diagnoses . indicate that for youths with more severe drug use and greater psychiatric comorbidity , MDFT produced superior treatment outcomes ."
4274,Abstract #4274,"repens is the causative agent of subcutaneous dirofilariosis of dogs , other animals and humans . nematode is transmitted by mosquitoes of Aedes , Anopheles and Culex genera . dogs , the parasite may cause subclinical infection or cutaneous signs . , D. repens has emerged and spread in different geographical areas , with an increase of cases in dogs and humans . in dogs in endemic areas is the most reliable approach for controlling this infection . paper describes a randomized , blocked and multicentric clinical field study investigating the efficacy of an oral , chewable formulation containing milbemycin oxime/praziquantel ( Milbemax , Novartis Animal Health ) in the chemoprevention of subcutaneous dirofilariosis in dogs . study was conducted in endemic areas of Italy . total of 249 dogs , at two sites , negative for D. repens , were allocated into two groups ( i.e. Treated - T1 vs Untreated-T2 ) with a ratio of 1:1 , and subjected to clinical visits and blood sampling once monthly until the end of the study . blood samples were microscopically and genetically examined . belonging to T1 group received a minimum target dose of 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight of milbemycin oxime and 5 mg/kg of praziquantel in commercial tablets ( Milbemax ) according body weight once every 4 weeks . of group T2 were not treated with Milbemax but received , when necessary , specific parasiticide treatments . study duration was 336 2 days for each dog . total of 219 dogs completed the study ( i.e. 111 in T1 and 108 in T2 ) , while 30 dogs ( i.e. 13 in T1 , 17 in T2 ) were withdrawn for a variety of reasons unrelated to administration of Milbemax . percentages of animals not showing microfilariae of D. repens were 100 % ( 111 animals ) in T1 and 94.7 % ( 108 animals out of 114 ) in group T2 . was shown to be safe in treated dogs . results of this study confirm that the monthly use of Milbemax in dogs is effective and safe for the prevention of subcutaneous dirofilariosis in endemic areas ."
4275,Abstract #4275,"immunotherapy ( VIT ) is effective in preventing anaphylactic reactions after insect stings . effect of VIT on health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) was studied to evaluate whether this treatment is of importance to patients . compared HRQL outcomes measured with a disease-specific instrument ( Vespid Allergy Quality-of-Life Questionnaire [ VQLQ ] ) in patients allergic to yellow jacket venom treated with VIT or with an adrenalin self-administration device ( EpiPen ) in an open-label , randomized , controlled trial . patients were block randomized to either VIT or EpiPen . received uniform , standardized information , which specified the risk of their condition and the risks and benefits of both treatment options . measures took place before and after 1 year of treatment with VIT or EpiPen . patients agreed to be randomized , of whom 36 received VIT and 38 an EpiPen . mean change in VQLQ score in the group randomized to VIT was 1.07 ( 95 % CI , 0.68-1 .46 ) , and this improvement was statistically significant ( P < .0001 ) compared with that seen in the group randomized to the EpiPen , in which this change was -0.43 ( 95 % CI , -0.71 to -0.16 ) . differences were seen in both men and women , persons with more or less general anxiety , and those stung recently and those stung more than a year before their outpatient department visit . overall proportion of patients receiving benefit from VIT is 0.72 , generating a number needed to treat of 1.4 . results in a clinically important improvement in HRQL in patients allergic to yellow jacket venom in all subgroups studied . every 3 patients treated with VIT , 2 patients experience an important improvement in their quality of life ."
4276,Abstract #4276,"evaluate whether axillary skin temperature can accurately reflect distal esophageal temperature . , randomized study . hospital . ASA physical status I and II adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery . received standard general anesthesia . patients had abducted upper extremities and an upper body surface warmer , 19 patients had abducted upper extremities with no upper body surface warmer , and 10 patients had adducted upper extremities with no upper body surface warmer . temperatures were measured 60 minutes after the induction of general anesthesia . was no significant difference between axillary skin temperature ( 36 + / - 1.7 ) ( degrees C ) and core temperature ( 36 + / - 0.7 ) ( degrees C ) when the upper body surface warmer was used . was no difference between axillary skin temperature ( 35.5 + / - 0.4 ) ( degrees C ) and core temperature ( 35.8 + / - 0.4 ) ( degrees C ) when upper extremity was adducted 0 degrees . 0 degrees of arm adduction , or at 90 degrees using the upper body , forced-air surface warmer , axillary skin temperature accurately identified the core temperature in patients during general anesthesia ."
4277,Abstract #4277,"observe dynamically the influence of the application of dermal template on the p53 gene expression and apoptosis during wound repairing in burn patients . burn patients were enrolled in the study and were divided into experiment ( E , n = 11 ) and control ( C , n = 9 ) groups . escharectomy wounds in patients with 3rd degree burn in E group were covered with dermal template overlain with thin split-thickness autograft , while those in C group were covered with thin split-thickness autograft only . were harvested from wounds of both groups at 1st , 2nd , 3rd , 4th and 5th post operative week ( POW ) . P53 expression and the apoptosis were assessed respectively by immunohistochemistry and by TUNEL kit . change in cell number was observed after HE staining . P53 expression increased gradually along with the wound healing process from 1st to 4th POW , which was significantly higher than that in C group at 2nd , 3rd , and 4th POW ( P < 0.05 ) , and it reached the peak at 4th POW . underwent apoptosis at 1st POW in E group , while apoptosis of the endothelial cells occurred mainly at 2nd and 3rd POW . was obvious difference in the rate of apoptosis between the two groups in 3rd and 4th POW ( P < 0.05 ) . numbers of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in E group were smaller than those in C group . of dermal template overlain with thin split-thickness autograft to wounds could induce P53 expression and cell apoptosis , thereby reduce scar formation , resulting in improvement of the quality of wound healing ."
4278,Abstract #4278,"back pain is a relevant public health problem , being an important cause of work absenteeism worldwide , as well as affecting the quality of life of sufferers and their individual functional performances . active physical routines and of cognitive-behavioral therapies are recommended for the treatment of chronic Low back pain , although evidence to support the effectiveness of different techniques is missing . , the aim of this study is to contrast the effectiveness of two types of exercises , graded activity or supervised , in decreasing symptoms of chronic low back pain . will consist of 66 patients , blindly allocated into one of two groups : 1 ) Graded activity which , based on an operant approach , will use time-contingent methods aiming to increase participants ' activity levels ; 2 ) Supervised exercise , where participants will be trained for strengthening , stretching , and motor control targeting different muscle groups . will last one hour , and will happen twice a week for 6 weeks . ( pain , disability , quality of life , global perceived effect , return to work , physical activity , physical capacity , and kinesiophobia ) will be assessed at baseline , at treatment end , and three and six months after treatment end . collection will be conducted by an investigator blinded to treatment allocation . project describes the randomisation method that will be used to compare the effectiveness of two different treatments for chronic low back pain : graded activity and supervised exercises . optimal approach for patients with chronic back pain have yet not been defined based on evidence , good quality studies on the subject are necessary . ."
4279,Abstract #4279,"report secondary efficacy endpoints of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 0247 , primary endpoint analysis of which demonstrated that preoperative radiation therapy ( RT ) with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin achieved a pathologic complete remission prespecified threshold ( 21 % ) to merit further study , whereas RT with capecitabine plus irinotecan did not ( 10 % ) . randomized , phase 2 trial evaluated preoperative RT ( 50.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions ) with 2 concurrent chemotherapy regimens : ( 1 ) capecitabine ( 1200 mg/m ( 2 ) / d Monday-Friday ) plus irinotecan ( 50 mg/m ( 2 ) / wk 4 ) ; and ( 2 ) capecitabine ( 1650 mg/m ( 2 ) / d Monday-Friday ) plus oxaliplatin ( 50 mg/m ( 2 ) / wk 5 ) for clinical T3 or T4 rectal cancer . was performed 4 to 8 weeks after chemoradiation , then 4 to 6 weeks later , adjuvant chemotherapy ( oxaliplatin 85 mg/m ( 2 ) ; leucovorin 400 mg/m ( 2 ) ; 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m ( 2 ) ; 5-fluorouracil 2400 mg/m ( 2 ) ) every 2 weeks 9 . survival ( DFS ) and overall survival ( OS ) were estimated univariately by the Kaplan-Meier method . failure ( LRF ) , distant failure ( DF ) , and second primary failure ( SP ) were estimated by the cumulative incidence method . statistical comparisons were made between arms because each was evaluated individually . total of 104 patients ( median age , 57 years ) were treated ; characteristics were similar for both arms . follow-up for RT with capecitabine/irinotecan arm was 3.77 years and for RT with capecitabine/oxaliplatin arm was 3.97 years . DFS , OS , LRF , DF , and SP estimates for capecitabine/irinotecan arm were 68 % , 85 % , 16 % , 24 % , and 2 % , respectively . 4-year DFS , OS , LRF , DF , and SP failure estimates for capecitabine/oxaliplatin arm were 62 % , 75 % , 18 % , 30 % , and 6 % , respectively . results for both arms are similar to other reported studies but suggest that pathologic complete remission is an unsuitable surrogate for traditional survival metrics of clinical outcome . it remains uncertain whether the addition of a second cytotoxic agent enhances the effectiveness of fluorouracil plus RT , these results suggest that further study of irinotecan may be warranted ."
4280,Abstract #4280,"delivered at a dose of 5 g with the Respimat inhaler showed efficacy similar to that of 18 g of tiotropium delivered with the HandiHaler inhalation device in placebo-controlled trials involving patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . tiotropium HandiHaler was associated with reduced mortality , as compared with placebo , more deaths were reported with tiotropium Respimat than with placebo . this randomized , double-blind , parallel-group trial involving 17,135 patients with COPD , we evaluated the safety and efficacy of tiotropium Respimat at a once-daily dose of 2.5 g or 5 g , as compared with tiotropium HandiHaler at a once-daily dose of 18 g. Primary end points were the risk of death ( noninferiority study , Respimat at a dose of 5 g or 2.5 g vs. HandiHaler ) and the risk of the first COPD exacerbation ( superiority study , Respimat at a dose of 5 g vs. HandiHaler ) . also assessed cardiovascular safety , including safety in patients with stable cardiac disease . a mean follow-up of 2.3 years , Respimat was noninferior to HandiHaler with respect to the risk of death ( Respimat at a dose of 5 g vs. HandiHaler : hazard ratio , 0.96 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.84 to 1.09 ; Respimat at a dose of 2.5 g vs. HandiHaler : hazard ratio , 1.00 ; 95 % CI , 0.87 to 1.14 ) and not superior to HandiHaler with respect to the risk of the first exacerbation ( Respimat at a dose of 5 g vs. HandiHaler : hazard ratio , 0.98 ; 95 % CI , 0.93 to 1.03 ) . of death and incidences of major cardiovascular adverse events were similar in the three groups . Respimat at a dose of 5 g or 2.5 g had a safety profile and exacerbation efficacy similar to those of tiotropium HandiHaler at a dose of 18 g in patients with COPD . Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim ; TIOSPIR ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT01126437 . )"
4281,Abstract #4281,"thromboembolic stroke affects 2 % to 3 % of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy ( CEA ) and is preceded by 1 to 2 hours of increasing cerebral embolization . work has demonstrated that high rates of postoperative embolization are associated with increased platelet reactivity to adenosine 5 ' - diphosphate ( ADP ) . hypothesis was that preoperative administration of the platelet ADP antagonist clopidogrel could reduce postoperative embolization . hundred CEA patients on routine aspirin therapy ( 150 mg ) were randomized to 75 mg clopidogrel ( n = 46 ) or placebo ( n = 54 ) the night before surgery . response to ADP was assessed by whole-blood flow cytometry . number of emboli detected by transcranial Doppler within 3 hours of CEA was independently quantified . taken from flow restoration to skin closure was used as an indirect measure of the time to secure hemostasis . comparison with placebo , clopidogrel produced a small ( 8.8 % ) but significant reduction in the platelet response to ADP ( P < 0.05 ) while conferring a 10-fold reduction in the relative risk of those patients having > 20 emboli in the postoperative period ( odds ratio , 10.23 ; 95 % CI , 1.3 to 83.3 ; P = 0.01 , Fisher 's exact test ) . , in the clopidogrel-treated patients , the time from flow restoration to skin closure ( an indirect marker of hemostasis ) was significantly increased ( P = 0.04 , Fisher 's exact test ) , although there was no increase in bleeding complications or blood transfusions . is the first study to show that a CEA patient 's postoperative thromboembolic potential can be significantly reduced by targeted preoperative antiplatelet therapy without increasing the risk of bleeding complications ."
4282,Abstract #4282,"multicenter randomized clinical trial including 82 patients . examine the effect of early initiation of rehabilitation after instrumented lumbar spinal fusion . spinal fusion has been performed for more than 70 years . , few studies have examined patients ' subsequent rehabilitation . rehabilitation is both efficient and cost-effective in rehabilitation of lumbar spinal fusion patients . with degenerative disc diseases undergoing instrumented lumbar spinal fusion were randomly assigned to initiate their rehabilitation 6 weeks ( 6-wk group ) or 12 weeks after lumbar spinal fusion ( 12-wk group ) . groups received the same group-based rehabilitation . outcome was the Oswestry Disability Index . outcome was the Dallas Pain Questionnaire , the Low Back Pain Rating Scale , and absence from work . rank-sum test was used to compare the groups in terms of differences from baseline to 6 months and 1-year follow-up . are presented in median with 25th and 75th percentiles . to the Oswestry Disability Index , at 1-year follow-up , the 6-week-group had a median reduction of -6 ( -19 ; 4 ) compared with -20 ( -30 ; -7 ) in the 12-week group ( P , 0.05 ) . Dallas Pain Questionnaire showed overall the same tendency , and within daily activities were significantly reduced in favor of the 12-week group ( P , 0.05 ) . back pain , the 6-week group had a median reduction of -2.2 ( -3.0 ; -0.7 ) similar with -3.3 ( -4.7 ; -1.7 ) in the 12-week group ( P , 0.05 ) . results at 6 months of follow-up were similar . difference was found according to return to work 1 year postsurgery . start of rehabilitation ( 6 wk vs. 12 wk ) after lumbar spinal fusion resulted in inferior outcomes . improvements in the 12-week group were 4 times better than that in the 6-week group , indicating that the start-up time of rehabilitation is an important contributing factor for the overall outcome ."
4283,Abstract #4283,"investigate whether zinc supplementation during pregnancy improves maternal and fetal outcome . clinical trial started at registration until discharge of mother and child from hospital . thousand volunteer mothers were randomly assigned to receive zinc supplementation or placebo in a double blind trial . less than 20 weeks pregnant at the first visit who agreed to take part in the study . thousand two hundred and six mothers were available for study . were randomly selected to receive two tablets of zinc ( 44 mg zinc in total ) or two placebo tablets containing inert substances , indistinguishable in appearance and taste from the zinc tablets . for gestational age ( LGA ) , small for gestational age ( SGA ) , premature rupture of the membrane ( PROM ) , preterm labor ( PL ) , preeclampsia and bleeding in the second or third trimester . were no differences between mothers given zinc supplementation concerning the outcome parameters and those given placebo . supplementation in pregnancy in a normal healthy middle class population in Denmark does not seem to offer any benefits to the mother or her fetus ."
4284,Abstract #4284,", a new broad-spectrum fourth-generation quinolone , has in vitro activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes and aerobes . is available as both an intravenous formulation , alatrofloxacin , and a single daily oral tablet . tissue pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability suggest usefulness in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections . , the efficacy of alatrofloxacin followed by oral trovafloxacin was compared with the standard regimen of intravenous imipenem/cilastatin followed by oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in this prospective , multicenter , double-blind trial . were randomized to receive either 300 mg alatrofloxacin daily followed by 200 mg oral trovafloxacin daily or 1 g imipenem/cilastatin intravenously thrice daily followed by 500 mg oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid thrice daily for up to 14 days following surgical intervention of a documented intra-abdominal infection . was assessed at the end of therapy and at follow-up ( day 30 ) . the end of the study , cure or improvement occurred in 83 % ( 129/156 ) and 84 % ( 127/152 ) of clinically evaluable patients in the trovafloxacin and comparative groups , respectively . eradication rates , adverse-event profiles , and significant laboratory abnormalities were comparable between groups . alatrofloxacin with or without oral trovafloxacin was as effective as intravenous imipenem/cilastatin followed by oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in complicated intra-abdominal infections ."
4285,Abstract #4285,"compare the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( CSII ) and multiple daily injection ( MDI ) in older adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and to assess treatment satisfaction and quality of life . ( n = 107 ) > or = 60 years of age ( mean age 66 years ) with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes ( mean duration 16 years , BMI 32 kg/m ( 2 ) , and HbA ( 1C ) [ A1C ] 8.2 % ) were randomized to CSII ( using insulin lispro ) or MDI ( using insulin lispro and insulin glargine ) in a two-center , 12-month , prospective , randomized , controlled clinical trial . was assessed with A1C , safety by frequency of hypoglycemia , and treatment satisfaction and quality of life with the Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire and the 36-item short-form health survey , version 2 . CSII subjects ( 91 % ) and 50 MDI subjects ( 93 % ) completed the study . A1C fell by 1.7 + / - 1.0 % in the CSII group to 6.6 % and by 1.6 + / - 1.2 % in the MDI group to 6.4 % . difference in A1C between treatment groups was not statistically significant ( P = 0.20 ) . percent of CSII subjects and 90 % of MDI subjects experienced at least one episode of minor ( self-treated ) hypoglycemia ( P = 0.17 ) , and three CSII and six MDI subjects experienced severe hypoglycemia ( P = 0.49 ) . of severe hypoglycemia were similarly low in the two groups ( CSII 0.08 and MDI 0.23 events per person-year , P = 0.61 ) . gain did not differ between groups ( P = 0.70 ) . satisfaction improved significantly with both CSII and MDI ( P < 0.0001 ) , and the difference between groups was not statistically significant ( P = 0.58 ) . older subjects with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes , both CSII and MDI achieved excellent glycemic control with good safety and patient satisfaction ."
4286,Abstract #4286,"reports have supported the concept that messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA ) concentrations for cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) enzymes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may be predictive of systemic enzyme activity . investigated whether changes in mRNA expression for CYP1A2 , CYP2C19 , CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in peripheral blood lymphocytes ( PBLs ) may serve as surrogate markers for changes in CYP enzyme activity following the administration of rifampin . day 1 and day 9 of the study , 12 healthy volunteers were administered caffeine 100 mg , debrisoquine 10 mg and omeprazole 40 mg orally , along with midazolam 0.025 mg/kg intravenously . samples and urine were collected for 8 h after drug administration . subjects took rifampin 300 mg ( n = 6 ) or 600 mg ( n = 6 ) daily on days 2-8 . RNA was isolated from PBLs on day 1 and day 9 , and mRNA expression for the CYP enzymes and hGAPDH were determined by means of quantitative , real-time , reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . activity was estimated by calculating the plasma paraxanthine to caffeine AUC ratio ( caffeine metabolic ratio ; CMR ) , CYP2C19 activity by the 2-h omeprazole hydroxylation index ( HI ) , CYP2D6 activity by the urinary debrisoquine recovery ratio ( DBRR ) and CYP3A4 activity by midazolam clearance . midazolam clearance ( 0.362 to 0.740 l/kg/h ) , omeprazole HI ( 0.752 to 0.214 ) , CMR ( 0.365 to 0.450 ) and DBRR ( 0.406 to 0.479 ) all changed significantly following rifampin , consistent with the expected enzyme induction . , CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 mRNA content were measurable in all samples . mRNA was inconsistently detectable . were no significant correlations between changes in enzyme activity and mRNA expression by Spearman 's rank order correlation . results do not support the use of mRNA expression assays for CYP1A2 , CYP2C19 , CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes in PBLs as surrogates for quantifying changes in systemic enzyme activity in the setting of enzyme induction ."
4287,Abstract #4287,"evaluate whether 6.3 mm-long implants could be a suitable alternative to longer implants placed in vertically augmented atrophic posterior mandibles . partially edentulous patients having 7 to 8 mm of residual crestal height and at least 5.5 mm thickness measured on CT scans above the mandibular canal were randomised according to a parallel group design either to receive 1 to 3 submerged 6.3 mm-long implants or 9.3 mm or longer implants ( 30 patients per group ) placed in vertically augmented bone . was augmented with interpositional an organic bovine bone blocks covered by resorbable barriers . were left to heal for 5 months before implant placement . months later , provisional acrylic prostheses were delivered , and were then replaced after another 4 months by definitive metal-ceramic prostheses . measures were prosthesis and implant failures , complications , and radiographic peri-implant marginal bone level changes . patients were followed up to 3 years after loading . patients dropped out , two from each group . augmentation procedure failed in two patients and only 6.3 mm-long implants could be inserted . were no statistically significant differences for prosthesis and implant failures . prostheses could not be placed or had to be remade in the short implant group versus 4 prostheses in the augmented group . short implants failed versus 3 long implants , all in different patients . were statistically significantly more complications in augmented patients ( 22 complications in 20 augmented patients versus 5 complications in 5 patients of the short implant group ) . groups gradually lost peri-implant bone in a statistically significant way at 4 months , and 1 and 3 years after loading . years after loading , patients of the short implant group lost an average of 1.24 mm of peri-implant bone compared with 1.76 mm in the long implant group . implants experienced statistically significantly less bone loss ( 0.52 mm ; CI 95 % 0.20 to 0.83 , P = 0.002 ) than long implants . residual bone height over the mandibular canal is between 7 and 8 mm , 6.3 mm short implants could be an interesting alternative to vertical augmentation since the treatment is faster , cheaper and associated with less morbidity . follow-ups are needed to confirm these results ."
4288,Abstract #4288,"evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cataract surgery using femtosecond laser-assisted lens fragmentation and anterior capsulotomy versus manual cataract surgery . Eye Hospital , Begumpet , Hyderabad , India . controlled open-label multisurgeon prospective trial . ( at least 18 years old ) were randomized to femtosecond laser-assisted lens prefragmentation and capsulotomy or manual capsulorhexis and standard phacoemulsification . outcomes were effective phacoemulsification time ( EPT ) , surgeon-assessed ease of phacoemulsification , mean phaco energy , mean phaco time , balanced salt solution volume , capsulotomy precision , and adverse event rates . eyes had the femtosecond laser procedure , and 63 had manual cataract surgery . mean EPT was significantly lower in the laser group ( 5.2 seconds 5.7 [ SD ] ) than in the manual group ( 7.7 6.0 seconds ) ( P = .025 ) . was a significant difference in the mean phaco energy between the 2 groups ( 13.8 % 10.3 % in laser group ; 20.3 % 8.1 % in manual group ) ( P < .001 ) . were no significant between-group differences in the ease of phacoemulsification , mean phaco time , or balanced salt solution volume . capsulotomies were significantly more accurate and precise ( intended diameter , circularity , centration ) ( P < .01 ) . safety profiles of the procedures were equivalent , with no adverse events at the 1-day follow-up . femtosecond laser platform was effective and safe in cataract surgery , reducing EPT and the mean phaco energy during lens fragmentation and providing precise and reproducible capsulotomies ."
4289,Abstract #4289,"stockings are the cornerstone of the treatment of chronic venous disorders , but practical acceptability is an important limitation in the elderly . evaluate the practicability of compression stockings in elderly patients . women aged 68-85 years without major disability were asked to put on , wear for three hours and take off Solegg and Solegg Fine compressive stockings ( 15-20 mmHg ) in random order on different days , and to rate through questionnaires the difficulties and discomfort they experienced in comparison with their usual non-compressive stockings ( controls ) . and heel insertions of the compression stockings , as well as their removal , were found significantly more difficult , whereas comfort when they were on was higher . the whole , the compression stockings were found to be more agreeable than the controls . regarding putting on and removal of the compression stockings remain significant but are counterbalanced by a better comfort when they are on ."
4290,Abstract #4290,"ultrasound has been used safely for many years for therapy and diagnosis by multiple medical specialists . has also been utilized safely to treat postoperative swelling after liposculpture . , internal tumescent ultrasonic liposculpture has been introduced . internal and external ultrasonic devices utilize injected fluid to create an environment in the fat that efficiently transmits sound waves , it seemed logical that external ultrasound incorporated with tumescent liposculpture would be successful . study was designed to compare tumescent liposculpture combined with external ultrasound with tumescent liposculpture alone . side-by-side comparison of the results of tumescent liposculpture combined with external ultrasound versus tumescent liposculpture alone was performed . patients were infused with therapeutic amounts of tumescent solution to achieve anesthesia and vasoconstriction in the areas to be treated . ultrasound was then applied to one-half of the areas to be treated in a randomized fashion . the left side or the right side of the body was treated with ultrasound . was then performed using a variety of cannulas . were made of the temperature of the tissues , the ease of cannula movement by the surgeon , and the time of performing the technique in each area . , the amount of bruising and swelling were evaluated , as was the discomfort of the patient . assessment results revealed that external ultrasound combined with tumescent liposculpture was easier for the surgeon , requiring less physical effort with less operating time , and less bruising , swelling , and discomfort for the patient postoperatively . ultrasound combined with tumescent liposculpture produced significant doctor and patient benefit both operatively and postoperatively . studies are currently being performed to evaluate higher wattage ultrasonic units ."
4291,Abstract #4291,"aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a physical therapy approach to the treatment of shoulder pain . . volunteers with shoulder pain believed to be of local mechanical origin were randomly allocated to either a treatment group or a control group . in the treatment group received 1 month of physical therapy aimed at restoring function of their shoulder muscles . in the control group received no treatment . measurements of pain intensity , range of motion ( ROM ) , isometric muscle force , functional impairment , and self-perception of improvement were obtained by blinded assessment . in the treatment group showed improvement in pain-free abduction and flexion ROM , functional impairment , and self-perception of improvement . control group deteriorated slightly over the experimental period in ROM and functional impairment measures . results suggest that the physical therapy approach used in this study is effective in improving shoulder function in subjects experiencing pain of mechanical origin . results also provide little evidence of spontaneous recovery over a 1-month period ."
4292,Abstract #4292,"determine the effects of co-ingested diphenhydramine ( DPH ) or oxycodone ( OXY ) on the absorption kinetics of simulated acetaminophen ( APAP ) overdose . was an institutional review board-approved , prospective crossover study of ten healthy human volunteers ingesting 5 grams of APAP , 5 grams of APAP + 250 mg of DPH ( APAP+DPH ) , or 5 grams of APAP + 0.5 mg/kg of OXY ( APAP+OXY ) . APAP concentrations ( APAPs ) were measured hourly from zero through eight hours and again at 24 hours , and basic noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were compared . APAP alone , the mean parameters were : maximum APAP concentration ( [ APAP ] ( max ) ) 71.8 microg/mL , time to peak [ APAP ] ( t ( max ) ) 1.71 hours , and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( AUC ( 0-8 ) ) 318.3 microg-hr/mL . APAP+DPH , the mean parameters were : [ APAP ] ( max ) 67.6 microg/mL , t ( max ) 1.90 hours , and AUC ( 0-8 ) 297.7 microg-hr/mL . APAP+OXY , the parameters were : [ APAP ] ( max ) 42.9 microg/mL , t ( max ) 2.87 hours , and AUC ( 0-8 ) 232.1 microg-hr/mL . with APAP alone , APAP+OXY had a 27 % lower AUC , a 40 % lower [ APAP ] ( max ) , and a 68 % longer t ( max ) . DPH had no significant effect on APAP absorption , except a 6 % decrease in the AUC . OXY , but not DPH , delayed absorption of APAP . suggests a potential role for activated charcoal administration beyond one hour postingestion after mixed ingestions that include OXY ."
4293,Abstract #4293,"with systolic heart failure ( HF ) who develop secondary pulmonary hypertension ( PH ) have reduced exercise capacity and increased mortality compared with HF patients without PH. We tested the hypothesis that sildenafil , an effective therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension , would lower pulmonary vascular resistance and improve exercise capacity in patients with HF complicated by PH. patients with symptomatic HF and PH were randomized to 12 weeks of treatment with sildenafil ( 25 to 75 mg orally 3 times daily ) or placebo . underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after treatment . change in peak VO2 from baseline , the primary end point , was greater in the sildenafil group ( 1.8 + / -0.7 mL x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ) than in the placebo group ( -0.27 mL x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ; P = 0.02 ) . reduced pulmonary vascular resistance and increased cardiac output with exercise ( P < 0.05 versus placebo for both ) without altering pulmonary capillary wedge or mean arterial pressure , heart rate , or systemic vascular resistance . ability of sildenafil treatment to augment peak VO2 correlated directly with baseline resting pulmonary vascular resistance ( r = 0.74 , P = 0.002 ) and indirectly with baseline resting right ventricular ejection fraction ( r = -0.64 , P = 0.01 ) . treatment also was associated with improvement in 6-minute walk distance ( 29 m versus placebo ; P = 0.047 ) and Minnesota Living With Heart Failure score ( -14 versus placebo ; P = 0.01 ) . in the sildenafil group experienced fewer hospitalizations for HF and a higher incidence of headache than those in the placebo group without incurring excess serious adverse events . 5 inhibition with sildenafil improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with systolic HF with secondary PH."
4294,Abstract #4294,"investigate the effect of twice-daily ropinirole in patients with early evening restless legs syndrome ( RLS ) symptoms , particularly focusing on the relationship of patient - and physician-rated assessment of treatment outcomes . this multicenter , double-blind , randomized , 12-week , flexible-dose study , patients with primary RLS , with symptom onset no earlier than 5 PM and a baseline International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale ( IRLS ) total score > or = 20 received ropinirole 0.5 to 6.0 mg/d twice daily in equally divided doses , or placebo . dose was 1 hour before the usual onset of symptoms ; second dose was 3 to 8 hours after the first . end point : change from baseline in IRLS total score at week 12 last observation carried forward ( LOCF ) . secondary end points : proportion of responders ( rated `` very much improved '' or `` much improved '' ) on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement and the Patient Global Improvement scales . in IRLS total score were statistically significantly greater for ropinirole ( n = 175 ) , compared with placebo ( n = 184 ) at all assessment points beginning at day 3 through to week 12 LOCF ( P < 0.001 ) . statistically significantly greater proportion of patients were classified as responders on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale at all assessment points from day 3 through week 12 LOCF ( P < 0.001 ) and on the Patient Global Improvement scale at all assessment points from day 1 ( P = 0.013 ) through day 7 LOCF ( P < or = 0.05 for days 2-7 LOCF ) and at week 12 LOCF ( P < 0.001 ) . is associated with consistent early and sustained improvements in the symptoms of RLS , as rated by patients and physicians ."
4295,Abstract #4295,"nasal immunotherapy ( LNIT ) with extracts in powder has been demonstrated clinically effective and devoid of side-effects in several controlled trials ; nevertheless , no data concerning the long-term effects of LNIT are presently available . a recent double-blind , placebo-controlled study of LNIT to Parietaria pollen we observed , by means of specific nasal provocation test ( SNPT ) that LNIT is able to modify the local allergic inflammatory response . the present study we followed up the same patients in open fashion for 2 further years . results confirmed the clinical efficacy of LNIT and showed that it is strictly dependent on pre-seasonal administration : in fact , after LNIT discontinuation a clinical relapse was observed . certain long-lasting protective effect on SNPT parameters ( nasal symptoms and neutrophils infiltration ) was also observed , whereas an increase of eosinophils count and ICAM-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells appeared as possible markers of clinical relapse . present study suggests that pre-seasonal LNIT can be taken in consideration in selected subjects as prophylactic treatment for pollen-induced rhinitis . addition , the results obtained provide informations about the duration of clinical efficacy and add data about the local allergic inflammation and its modulation ."
4296,Abstract #4296,"has been shown to exhibit anti-enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) and antirotavirus properties . trial was conducted to determine whether a formula containing bovine lactoferrin ( bLF ) exerts a protective effect against EV71 or rotavirus infection among children from 2 to 6 years old . prospective , randomized , single blind clinical trial of an oral supplement containing bLF ( daily dose approximately 70 to 85 mg ) was carried out with healthy children in a day care center from March 2002 to June 2003 . incidence of enterovirus or rotavirus infection and the serum level of interferon - gamma ( IFN - ) and interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ) were compared between children receiving and not receiving bLF . total of 172 children , 96 in group A , which received bLF , and 76 in group B which did not receive bLF , completed the trial . the study period , no EV71 was isolated and seroconversion of EV71 antibodies was noted in only one child . episodes of presumptive enterovirus infection and 12 episodes of presumptive viral enteritis were detected . significant differences were observed between groups in the incidence of presumptive enterovirus infection or viral enteritis or the number of laboratory confirmed enterovirus or rotavirus infections . significant differences were observed in the serum levels of IFN - and IL-10 between groups either prior to or following the trial . both groups , IFN - levels increased , but IL-10 was unchanged following the trial . oral supplement of bLF at a dose of 70 mg/day did not show any benefits in the prevention of EV71 or rotavirus infection , or any impact on IFN - or IL-10 serum levels in healthy children in this trial ."
4297,Abstract #4297,"data indicate that carotid artery stenting ( CAS ) is associated with higher incidence of subclinical cerebral microemboli than carotid endarterectomy ( CEA ) . hypothesized that CEA would be associated with superior performance on detailed domain-specific cognitive testing compared with CAS . with > 80 % asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomized to CEA or CAS with side of stenosis balanced across condition . robust battery of tests was used to assess the cognitive domains of attention , memory , mood , visual-spatial skills , motor ability , processing speed , and executive functioning 10 days preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks and 6 months . were administered using standardized conditions and were scored by individuals blinded to treatment allocation . cognitive performance was similar between CAS ( n = 29 ) and CEA ( n = 31 ) groups ( P > .05 ) . to baseline , verbal and visual memory and attention functions substantially improved in the CAS and CEA groups at 6 months ( multiple cognitive tests achieved statistical significance ) . with CEA , cognitive processing speed ( Stroop Color test : 9.0 vs 7.3 , P = .04 ; and Stroop Word test : 9.0 vs 7.4 , P = .05 ) was superior in the CAS group at 6 weeks . functioning ( phonemic verbal fluency : 10.6 vs 8.4 , P = .043 ) and motor function ( Grooved Pegboard of nondominant extremity : 45.7 vs 38.9 , P = .022 ) were also superior in the CAS group at 6 months . of attention , memory , and visual-spatial skills were similar between CAS and CEA patients at 6 weeks and 6 months . revascularization improves memory and attention within the first 6 postoperative months . with CEA , CAS produces improvements in cognitive processing speed , executive functioning , and motor function ."
4298,Abstract #4298,"study was designed to compare conventional laparoscopy with three-dimensional ( 3-D ) laparoscopy . candidates , 20 inexperienced and 10 experienced in operative laparoscopy , executed standardized exercises on a pelvitrainer . candidates were randomized to two groups . A executed the exercises first with the conventional and then with the three-dimensional system . B accomplished the exercises in the reverse sequence . the end of the exercises , the candidates answered specific questions about the two systems . total of 21 h 6 min 6 sec of laparoscopic exercises were analyzed-10 h 8 min 1 sec with the conventional and 10 h 58 min 5 sec with the three-dimensional system ( p = 0.38 ) . A required 12 h 26 min 56 sec to perform all the exercises . was no statistically significant difference from group B , where the candidates needed 8 h 39 min 10 sec ( p = 0.14 ) . were there any differences in the number of failed attempts between the two groups . were also no statistical difference when the results obtained from the candidates without experience in laparoscopy and the participants experienced in operative laparoscopy were analyzed separately . the inexperienced and the experienced candidates became tired earlier , had more headaches , and needed extra time to adapt to the 3-D system . analyzed in a standardized fashion , 3-D laparoscopy does not have any significant advantages over conventional laparoscopy ."
4299,Abstract #4299,"venous catheterization at the femoral site is associated with an increased risk of complications compared with that at the subclavian site is debated . compare mechanical , infectious , and thrombotic complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization . , randomized controlled clinical trial conducted between December 1997 and July 2000 at 8 intensive care units ( ICUs ) in France . hundred eighty-nine adult patients receiving a first central venous catheter . were randomly assigned to undergo central venous catheterization at the femoral site ( n = 145 ) or subclavian site ( n = 144 ) . and severity of mechanical , infectious , and thrombotic complications , compared by catheterization site in 289 , 270 , and 223 patients , respectively . catheterization was associated with a higher incidence rate of overall infectious complications ( 19.8 % vs 4.5 % ; P < .001 ; incidence density of 20 vs 3.7 per 1000 catheter-days ) and of major infectious complications ( clinical sepsis with or without bloodstream infection , 4.4 % vs 1.5 % ; P = .07 ; incidence density of 4.5 vs 1.2 per 1000 catheter-days ) , as well as of overall thrombotic complications ( 21.5 % vs 1.9 % ; P < .001 ) and complete thrombosis of the vessel ( 6 % vs 0 % ; P = .01 ) ; rates of overall and major mechanical complications were similar between the 2 groups ( 17.3 % vs 18.8 % ; P = .74 and 1.4 % vs 2.8 % ; P = .44 , respectively ) . factors for mechanical complications were duration of insertion ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 1.05 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.03-1 .08 per additional minute ; P < .001 ) ; insertion in 2 of the centers ( OR , 4.52 ; 95 % CI , 1.81-11 .23 ; P = .001 ) ; and insertion during the night ( OR , 2.06 ; 95 % CI , 1.04-4 .08 ; P = .03 ) . only factor associated with infectious complications was femoral catheterization ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 4.83 ; 95 % CI , 1.96-11 .93 ; P < .001 ) ; antibiotic administration via the catheter decreased risk of infectious complications ( HR , 0.41 ; 95 % CI , 0.18-0 .93 ; P = .03 ) . catheterization was the only risk factor for thrombotic complications ( OR , 14.42 ; 95 % CI , 3.33-62 .57 ; P < .001 ) . venous catheterization is associated with a greater risk of infectious and thrombotic complications than subclavian catheterization in ICU patients ."
4300,Abstract #4300,"determine whether racial differences in response to blockade of beta receptors occur among racial groups in Malaysia that are the Malays , Indians and Chinese . , MATERIALS AND METHOD : 35 healthy male volunteers representing the 3 main racial groups in Malaysia ( 12 Malays , 12 Chinese and 11 Indians ) were studied in a randomized , placebo-controlled , crossover and single-blind design . 80 mg 12-hourly was given orally for 48 hours . hours after the last dose subjects attended an exercise session where resting and exercise heart rate , blood pressure , plasma potassium and glucose levels , resting FEV1 and plasma propranolol concentrations were recorded . significant difference in plasma propranolol ( mean + / - SEM ) levels was seen between races six hours after the last dose ( Malays , 59.7 + / - 8.8 ng/ml , Indians , 67.6 + / - 19.3 ng/ml , Chinese , 58.4 + / - 7.9 ng/ml ) . were least sensitive to the bradycardic and hypotensive effects of propranolol at rest and exercise . and Malays had significant reduction of supine systolic blood pressure with propranolol but not Chinese . of percentage reductions of systolic blood pressure at supine , sitting and exercise by repeated measure analysis showed the Malays to have significantly higher change compared to the Chinese ( p = 0.022 ) . , comparison of percentage reductions of heart rate at supine , sitting and exercise by repeated measure analysis showed the Malays to have significantly higher change compared to the Chinese ( p = 0.040 ) . change in potassium concentrations at peak exercise and recovery showed the Indians to have significantly higher increase in potassium levels with propranolol compared to the Malays ( p = 0.038 ) . , no significant interethnic difference was seen in the reduction of glucose levels at rest , peak exercise or recovery . , no significant interethnic difference was seen in reduction of FEV1 values . , therefore , conclude that ethnic differences in response to blockade of beta-receptors exist among racial groups in Malaysia . differences were seen at similar plasma drug levels between races suggesting ethnic differences in drug sensitivity , rather than differences in drug disposition ."
4301,Abstract #4301,"compare the effectiveness of three new topical anesthetics that do not contain cocaine ( prilocaine-phenylephrine , tetracaine-phenylephrine [ tetraphen ] , and tetracaine-lidocaine-phenylephrine ) to that of tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine ( TAC ) during laceration repair in children . , randomized , double-blind clinical trial . emergency department of an urban children 's hospital . 1 year of age or older with a laceration < / = 5 cm in length that required suturing . . total of 240 children were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups . felt during suturing was scored by suture technicians , research assistants , parents , and patients > / = 5 years of age using a visual analogue scale ( VAS ) . technicians , research assistants , and parents also scored pain using a seven-point Likert scale . addition , suture technicians completed an anesthetic effectiveness scale . was consistently no difference demonstrated between the effectiveness of tetraphen and that of TAC for each outcome measure of each observer group . statistically significant difference was seen among anesthetics when comparing VAS and Likert scale scores of suture technicians and Likert scale scores of research assistants . on post hoc analyses , these statistically significant differences were between TAC and prilocaine-phenylephrine ( suture technician VAS and Likert scale ) and between TAC and tetracaine-lidocaine-phenyl-ephrine ( suture technician Likert scale ) , but not between TAC and tetraphen . power analyses were performed using alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.20 , it was possible to detect a difference of 1.2 VAS units for each of the observer groups . on anesthetic effectiveness scale scores , the three new topical preparations collectively performed significantly better on the face and scalp than on the extremities ( relative risk = 1.83 ; 95 % confidence interval 1.20 < relative risk < 2.79 ) . study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of three new non-cocaine-containing topical anesthetics . , there was no statistical difference demonstrated between the effectiveness of tetraphen and that of TAC for each outcome measure of each observer group . offers an effective alternative to TAC during laceration repair in children ."
4302,Abstract #4302,"is approved in the United States for acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder with or without psychotic features . report the results of long-term treatment with asenapine in patients with bipolar I disorder . completing either of two 3-week efficacy trials and a subsequent 9-week double-blind extension were eligible for this 40-week double-blind extension . in the 3-week trials were randomized to flexible-dose asenapine ( 5 or 10mg BID ) , placebo , or olanzapine ( 5-20mg QD ; included for assay sensitivity only ) . entering the extension phase maintained their preestablished treatment ; those originally randomized to placebo received flexible-dose asenapine ( placebo/asenapine ) . and tolerability endpoints included adverse events ( AEs ) , extrapyramidal symptoms , laboratory values , and anthropometric measures . , a secondary assessment , was measured as change in Young Mania Rating Scale ( YMRS ) total score from 3-week trial baseline to week 52 with asenapine or olanzapine ; the placebo/asenapine group was assessed for safety only . of treatment-emergent AEs was 71.9 % , 86.1 % , and 79.4 % with placebo/asenapine , asenapine , and olanzapine , respectively . most frequent treatment-emergent AEs were headache and somnolence with placebo/asenapine ; insomnia , sedation , and depression with asenapine ; and weight gain , somnolence , and sedation with olanzapine . observed cases , mean SD changes in YMRS total score at week 52 were -28.6 8.1 and -28.2 6.8 for asenapine and olanzapine , respectively . study did not have a long-term placebo group . this 52-week extension in patients with bipolar mania , asenapine was well tolerated and long-term maintenance of efficacy was supported ."
4303,Abstract #4303,"sheath block can provide analgesia following umbilical hernia repair . , conflicting reports on its analgesic effectiveness exist . study has investigated plasma local anesthetic concentration following ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block ( USGRSB ) in children . the effectiveness and bupivacaine absorption following USGRSB or wound infiltration ( WI ) for umbilical hernia repair in children . randomized blinded study comparing WI with USGRSB in 40 children undergoing umbilical hernia repair was performed . WI ( n = 20 ) received wound infiltration 1 mgkg ( -1 ) 0.25 % bupivacaine . RS ( n = 20 ) received USGRSB 0.5 mgkg ( -1 ) 0.25 % bupivacaine per side in the posterior rectus sheath compartment . scores and rescue analgesia were recorded . samples were drawn at 0 , 10 , 20 , 30 , 45 , and 60 min . in the WI group had a twofold increased risk of requiring morphine ( hazard ratio 2.06 , 95 % CI 1.01 , 4.20 , P = 0.05 ) . required , median time to first morphine dose was longer in the USGRSB group ( 65.5 min vs. 47.5 min , P = 0.049 ) . plasma bupivacaine concentration was higher following USGRSB than WI ( median : 631.9 ngml ( -1 ) IQR : 553.9-784 .1 vs. 389.7 ngml ( -1 ) IQR : 250.5-502 .7 , P = 0.002 ) . was longer in the USGRSB group ( median 45 min IQR : 30-60 vs. 20 min IQR : 20-45 , P = 0.006 ) . provides more effective analgesia than WI for umbilical hernia repair . with 1 mgkg ( -1 ) 0.25 % bupivacaine is associated with safe plasma bupivacaine concentration that peaks higher and later than WI . against using larger volumes of higher concentration local anesthetic for USGRSB is advised ."
4304,Abstract #4304,"lower esophageal sphincter relaxations ( TLESRs ) are a major mechanism behind reflux . study assessed the effects of lesogaberan ( AZD3355 ) , a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor agonist , on reflux and lower esophageal sphincter ( LES ) function when used as add-on treatment in patients with reflux symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) treatment . this randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study , patients received lesogaberan ( 65 mg ) or placebo twice on day 1 ( morning/evening ) and once on day 2 ( morning ) , in addition to existing PPI treatment . consumed a standardized meal 45-60 minutes after morning doses . impedance-pH monitoring was conducted for 24 hours after the first dose on day 1 . manometry and impedance-pH monitoring was conducted for 4 hours after the third dose on day 2 . 27 randomized patients , 21 were included in the per-protocol efficacy analysis . the 24 hours after treatment start , lesogaberan reduced the mean number of reflux events by approximately 35 % compared with placebo . the 3 postprandial hours on day 2 , lesogaberan reduced the geometric mean number of TLESRs by 25 % and increased geometric mean LES pressure by 28 % compared with placebo . most common adverse events were headache ( placebo : 11/27 patients ; lesogaberan : 8/25 patients ) and paresthesia ( transient ; placebo : 3/27 patients ; lesogaberan : 5/25 patients ) . patients with reflux symptoms despite PPI treatment , lesogaberan decreased the number of TLESRs and reflux episodes , and increased LES pressure compared with placebo . findings support further evaluation of lesogaberan as an add-on treatment in patients partially responding to PPIs ."
4305,Abstract #4305,"multisite blood center experienced unacceptable post-leukoreduction filtration white blood cell ( WBC ) counts at a few centers . prefiltration storage time and temperature were suspect , whole blood ( WB ) units were stored in transport shippers for at least 2 hours , cooling toward 1-6 C , before filtration . study compared the effect of storage times in transport shippers on the residual WBC counts of leukoreduced units . and filtration of WB units were accomplished with the use of the Fenwal Express System with Integral Sepacell RZ-2000 WB Leukocyte Reduction Filter . were collected and placed in transport shippers containing ice . filtration was performed at designated intervals post-collection . leukoreduction was defined as < 5 10 ( 6 ) residual WBC . donor units were selected randomly over 3 months . were held in transport shippers , and WBC reduction was performed at designated post-collection intervals . times ranged from 28 to 458 minutes . residual WBC counts were acceptable . time of WB units in transport shippers did not play a role in the efficacy of the leukoreduction . study demonstrated the 2-hour storage time before leukoreduction filtration could be eliminated resulting in time savings and increased efficacy in the component production laboratory ."
4306,Abstract #4306,"25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are common in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT ) and associated with higher PTH levels and hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy ( PTX ) . , concerns have been raised about the safety of vitamin D supplementation in PHPT . aimed to assess safety and effects on calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism of supplementation with high doses of vitamin D in PHPT patients . was an investigator-initiated double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , parallel-group trial from a single center . PHPT patients were recruited , with a mean age of 58 ( range 29-77 ) years , and 35 ( 76 % ) were women . included daily supplementation with 70 g ( 2800 IU ) cholecalciferol or identical placebo for 52 weeks . was administered 26 weeks before PTX and continued for 26 weeks after PTX . , calcium homeostasis , and bone metabolism were evaluated . , 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased from 50 to 94 nmol/L in the treatment group and decreased from 57 to 52 nmol/L in the placebo group ( P < .001 ) . with placebo , vitamin D decreased PTH significantly by 17 % before PTX ( P = .01 ) , increased lumbar spine bone mineral density by 2.5 % ( P = .01 ) , and decreased C-terminal - CrossLaps by 22 % ( P < .005 ) . trabecular bone score did not change in response to treatment , but improved after PTX . , PTH remained lower in the cholecalciferol group compared with the placebo group ( P = .04 ) . creatinine and plasma and urinary calcium did not differ between groups . supplementation with a high vitamin D dose safely improves vitamin D status and decreases PTH in PHPT patients . vitamin D treatment is accompanied by reduced bone resorption and improved bone mineral density before operation ."
4307,Abstract #4307,"compare the efficacy of the prokinetic drug cisapride and the antisecretory agent ranitidine in relieving symptoms of functional dyspepsia , as well as their effect on the recurrence of symptoms after the discontinuation of treatment . randomized double-blind parallel-group trial of cisapride 30 mg daily and ranitidine 300 mg daily given for 2 , 4 or 8 weeks , followed by a 4-week drug-free follow-up of the patients with a good or excellent response . antacid tablets were allowed only if pain was unbearable . total of 203 patients ( 99 cisapride , 104 ranitidine ) with symptoms of functional dyspepsia for more than 4 weeks , after the exclusion of organic disease by endoscopy and sonography or radiology . and ranitidine improved the symptoms of diffuse epigastric pain , postprandial epigastric fullness , epigastric distension , belching , heartburn , regurgitation , and nausea when compared with baseline . at night and gastric discomfort also greatly improved . produced a greater reduction in epigastric pain ( P = 0.07 ) and epigastric distension ( P = 0.03 ) scores than ranitidine . drugs were equally effective in reducing the concomitant reflux-like symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation . week 8 , 87 % of cisapride patients versus 61 % of ranitidine patients had an excellent or good result . deterioration of symptoms during the follow-up phase was limited in both groups . , after the withdrawal of medication there was a greater reduction in scores in the cisapride group than in the ranitidine group for diffuse epigastric pain ( P = 0.05 ) , epigastric distension ( P = 0.002 ) , the cluster of six symptoms of epigastric discomfort ( P = 0.05 ) , and the cluster of all nine upper gastrointestinal symptoms ( P = 0.06 ) . events occurred in 15 cisapride patients and 18 ranitidine patients , and two of the ranitidine patients were withdrawn from treatment . cisapride and ranitidine both improved the symptoms of functional dyspepsia , cisapride was superior to ranitidine , particularly on the combined evaluation of the response to treatment and the recurrence of symptoms ."
4308,Abstract #4308,"assess the safety and effectiveness of leflunomide versus placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) treated for 6 months . hundred two patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo or leflunomide at 5 mg , 10 mg , or 25 mg daily . washout period of 6-12 weeks from prior second-line therapy was required . significant improvement in primary and secondary outcome measures , as well as by responder analyses , occurred in the 10-mg and 25-mg dosage groups compared to placebo . patients ( 7.0 % ) in the active treatment groups withdrew due to adverse events ( AEs ) . incidence of AEs was higher with leflunomide than with placebo . symptoms , weight loss , allergic reactions , skin rash , and reversible alopecia were more common in the 10-mg and 25-mg dosage groups . incidence of infections was similar between the treatment and placebo groups ; no opportunistic infections were seen . elevations in liver function studies were noted in a small number of patients . is effective in daily doses of 10 mg and 25 mg in patients with active RA . efficacy at the 25-mg dose was associated with a higher incidence of AEs . , placebo-controlled trials using daily doses of 10 mg and 20 mg are under way in the US and Europe to confirm these positive results ."
4309,Abstract #4309,"of the study is to present long-term results of a prospective randomized single-institution clinical trial comparing laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding ( LASGB ) with laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty ( LVBG ) in morbid obesity . total of 100 morbidly obese patients ( body mass index 40 to 50 kg/m2 ) were randomized to LASGB ( n = 49 ) or LVBG ( n = 51 ) and followed up for a minimum of 7 years . operative time was 65.4 min in LASGBs and 94.2 min in LVBGs ( p < 0.05 ) ; mean hospital stay was 3.7 and 6.6 days , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . complication rates were 36.7 % in LASGBs vs 15.7 % in LVBGs at 3 years ( p < 0.05 ) , 46.9 % vs 43.1 % at 5 years ( NS ) , and 55.1 % vs 47.1 % at 7 years ( NS ) . reoperation rates were 28.6 % in LASGBs and 2.0 % in LVBGs at 3 years ( p < 0.001 ) , 38.8 % and 2.0 % at 5 years ( p < 0.001 ) , and 46.9 % and 7.8 % at 7 years ( p < 0.001 ) . weight loss in LASGBs was 41.8 % at 3 years , 33.2 % at 5 years , and 29.9 % at 7 years ; excess weight loss in LVBGs was 60.9 % , 57 % , and 53.1 % , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . study demonstrates that in a carefully selected group of patients , LVBG is significantly more effective than LASGB in terms of late complications , late reoperations , and long-term results on weight loss ."
4310,Abstract #4310,"dioxide ( CO2 ) insufflation is expected to be safe and effective in endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD ) as well as in other endoscopic procedures . present study aimed to clarify the usefulness and safety of CO2 insufflation in gastric ESD . total of 102 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to CO2 insufflation ( CO2 group , n = 54 ) or air insufflation ( Air group , n = 48 ) . pain and distension were chronologically recorded on a 100-mm visual analog scale ( VAS ) . volume of residual gas in the digestive tract was measured by computed tomography performed immediately after ESD . pain on a 100-mm VAS in the CO2 vs. Air group was 4 vs. 3 immediately after ESD , 4 vs. 4 one hour after the procedure , 3 vs. 3 three hours after the procedure , and 1 vs. 4 the next morning , showing no difference between the groups . addition , there was no difference in abdominal distension on the 100-mm VAS over the time course of the study . volume of residual gas in the digestive tract in the CO2 group was significantly smaller than that in the Air group ( 643 mL vs. 1037 mL , P < 0.001 ) . dose of sedative drugs did not differ between the groups . the incidences of complications nor clinical courses differed between the groups . with air insufflation , CO2 insufflation during gastric ESD significantly reduced the volume of residual gas in the digestive tract but not the VAS score of abdominal pain and distension ."
4311,Abstract #4311,"study investigated the effect of biased information on beliefs about , and intention to undergo , whole genome sequencing ( WGS ) screening ; and predictors of intention . single-blind parallel-group randomised trial was conducted in Australia , in 2011 . Excel , 216 participants with English proficiency and no genetic testing experience were randomly allocated ( 1:1 ) : a neutral information pamphlet or a biased version omitting screening limitations . included : screening intention ; Protection Motivation Theory ( PMT ) constructs ; consideration of future consequences ( CFC ) ; uncertainty avoidance ( UA ) ; anticipated regret ( AR ) . decreased from pre to post-manipulation ( p < .001 , ( 2 ) = .07 , 95 % CIs [ 4.41 , 4.86 ] , [ 3.99 , 4.44 ] , respectively ) . participants ( n = 106 ) had higher response efficacy beliefs than neutral participants ( n = 102 ) ( p < .001 , ( 2 ) = .04 , 95 % CIs [ 4.80 , 5.10 ] , [ 4.49 , 4.79 ] respectively ) , but equal intention . model explained 36.2 % of the variance in intention ; response efficacy ( p < .001 ) , response costs ( p < .001 ) , self-efficacy ( p = .024 ) , and UA ( p = .019 ) were predictors . is the first study investigating factors influencing anticipated WGS screening uptake . screening limitations may bias beliefs about screening efficacy and benefits . may be driven by perceived benefits and costs , self-efficacy beliefs , and uncertainty avoidance . appears to be an appropriate psychosocial model for this setting ."
4312,Abstract #4312,"is known about how different antiretrovirals effect inflammation and monocyte activation in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infection . examined plasma specimens obtained during a randomized , double-blinded trial in antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) - naive HIV-infected adults which compared the efficacy of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine / tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( EVG/c/FTC / TDF ) with that of efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate ( EFV/FTC/TDF ) . a random sample achieving an HIV type 1 RNA load of < 50 copies/mL by week 48 , changes over 24 and 48 weeks in levels of biomarkers of monocyte activation ( soluble CD14 [ sCD14 ] and soluble CD163 [ sCD163 ] ) , systemic inflammation ( soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I [ sTNF-RI ] , interleukin 6 [ IL-6 ] , and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [ hsCRP ] ) , and vascular inflammation ( lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 [ Lp-PLA2 ] ) were compared . linear regression was used . total of 200 participants were included . differences favoring EVG/c/FTC / TDF were noted for changes in sCD14 , hsCRP , and Lp-PLA2 levels . independently associated with a larger decrease in the sCD14 level included random assignment to receive EVG/c/FTC / TDF , higher baseline sCD14 level , and larger decreases in hsCRP and sCD163 levels ; factors associated with a larger Lp-PLA2 decrease included higher baseline Lp-PLA2 and IL-6 levels , smaller increases in total cholesterol and triglycerides levels , a larger decrease in the sCD14 level , and a smaller decrease in the sCD163 level . / TDF led to greater decreases in sCD14 , hsCRP , and Lp-PLA2 levels , compared with EFV/FTC/TDF . group independently predicted the change in sCD14 level , and changes in monocyte activation independently predicted the change in Lp-PLA2 level . appears to be a more favorable effect of the integrase inhibitor EVG over efavirenz on immune activation , which may affect vascular inflammation ."
4313,Abstract #4313,"reduces HDL-C and its subfractions , and smoking cessation leads to normalization of these lipoproteins . replacement therapy is an important weapon employed by those attempting to quit smoking . study examined the effects of the transdermal nicotine patch ( `` patch '' ) on lipoproteins . male and 17 female smokers refrained from smoking for 77 days . patch was utilized during the first 35 days and then removed for the remaining 42 days . male and 9 female nonsmokers were controls . , HDL ( 2 ) - C , and HDL ( 3 ) - C levels were significantly lower in smokers when compared with controls . differences were sustained during the initial 35 days when using the patch . the following 42 days , however , these lipoproteins normalized to values similar to those of control subjects . who quit smoking gained 2.1 kg after the patch was removed . was concluded that nicotine as administered by the transdermal nicotine patch inhibits normalization of HDL-C , HDL ( 2 ) - C , and HDL ( 3 ) - C in those who have quit smoking . of the patch results in normalization of these lipoproteins . patch appeared to prevent weight gain among female subjects ."
4314,Abstract #4314,"investigate the short-term effects of nonsurgical therapy ( scaling and root planing , SRP ) on the subgingival microbiota in chronic ( CP ) and aggressive ( AP ) periodontal disease . CP and AP subjects underwent full-mouth SRP on 2 consecutive days . patients were randomly assigned to either receive systemic metronidazole plus amoxicillin ( AP+AB ) or were treated mechanically alone ( AP ) . were identified with 16S rRNA oligodeoxynucleotide probes and dot-blot hybridization before and at days 2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 10 , and 21 of healing . subjects were treated by scaling and root planing along with placebo tablets . , AP cell counts were 69.9 - ( Porphyromonas gingivalis ) , 10.2 - ( Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ) , 5.7 - ( Tannerella forsythia ) , and 3.3-fold ( Prevotella intermedia ) enhanced compared to CP cell counts . SRP , immediate elimination occurred in single individuals of all three treatment groups at day 2 . SRP plus antibiotic therapy ( AP+AB ) , the prevalence scores dropped beyond the levels of AP and CP , beginning at day 7 , and remained low until day 21 ( P = or < .05 ) . healing statistically benefited from SRP with no differences among the three treatment groups . therapy resulted in both a suppression and early elimination of single taxa immediately after completion of active treatment . antibiotics significantly accelerate the suppression of the periodontal microflora , but have limited effect on the elimination of target isolates during healing ."
4315,Abstract #4315,"prevalence of obesity among high school students has risen in recent decades . high school students report trying to lose weight and some engage in disordered eating to do so . obesity proneness model suggests that parents may influence their offspring 's development of disordered eating . study examined the viability of a modified obesity proneness model in a high school population . survey data from a random cluster sample of 1533 students in grades 9-12 from a Florida school district were analyzed using structural equation modeling . included adolescents ' weight concerns ; inability to self-regulate eating ; and perceptions about maternal comments about adolescents ' weight , restrictive feeding practices , and maternal weight-related concern and values . the model 's originally proposed relationships were statistically significant , for example perceived maternal weight comments were associated with adolescents ' weight concerns ( = 0.64 ; p < .0001 ) , and perceived maternal restrictive feeding practices were associated with adolescents ' inability to self-regulate eating ( = 0.22 ; p < .001 ) . points of intervention should be subjected to empirical study . interventions should give mothers guidance about appropriate feeding practices and discourage mothers from making weight-related comments to their offspring . , as 1 component of a multilevel intervention , these behaviors may help prevent disordered eating and obesity ."
4316,Abstract #4316,"fistula healing may predispose Crohn 's disease patients to abscess development . from ACCENT II were analysed to determine whether fistula-related abscess development is affected by infliximab exposure . infliximab 5 mg/kg infusions at weeks 0 , 2 and 6 , patients were evaluated for fistula response for two consecutive visits at least 4 weeks apart . ( N = 282 ) were randomized at week 14 to either placebo or infliximab 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks through week 46 . response was lost at or after week 22 , patients could crossover to a 5 mg/kg higher infliximab dose . abscesses were diagnosed by physical examination or by imaging procedures according to usual practice . exposure was approximately twofold higher for the infliximab maintenance group . ( 15 % ) patients in the infliximab maintenance group had at least one newly developed fistula-related abscess compared with 27 ( 19 % ) in the placebo maintenance group ( P = 0.526 ) . proportion of patients with a new fistula-related abscess was similar regardless of whether or not patients crossed over to a 5 mg/kg higher infliximab dose . number of fistula-related abscesses diagnosed over time did not differ between groups . development in patients with fistulizing Crohn 's disease is not dependent on cumulative infliximab exposure ."
4317,Abstract #4317,"study whether Modified Sijunzi Decoction ( MSD ) has protective effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier function of giant colon children . giant colon children patients were randomly assigned to two groups . in the treatment group ( 16 cases ) took MDS after cleaning edema , while cleaning enema was given to those in the control group 10 days before operation . affected colon tissues were cut out during the radical correction and made into slices . secreted immunoglobulin A ( SIgA ) level of colonic mucosal lamina propria plasma cells ws detected using immunohistochemical assay . colonic mucosal gland density was detected under the light microscope . tight junction between the colon epitheliums , the epithelium microvilli , the morphologies of organelles such as mitochondria , and endoplasmic reticulum , etc. were observed under the electron microscope . average number of colonic mucosal glands and the SigA value of submucosal lamina propria plasma cells were higher in the treatment group than in the control group under the high power field . with the control group , more intact morphologies of organelles were observed under the electron microscope . could strengthen the intestinal mucosal barrier function of giant colon children and play certain roles in protecting its functions through improving the proliferation of the intestinal mucosa cells and maintaining the integrity of the bowel mucosa , as well as enhancing the local intestinal immunity ."
4318,Abstract #4318,"an attempt to improve patient tolerance for colonoscopy cleansing , a reduced volume lavage regimen with 2 L sulfate-free electrolyte lavage solution ( SF-ELS , NuLYTELY , Braintree Laboratories , Braintree , MA ) plus 20 mg p.o. bisacodyl ( Half Lytely , Braintree Laboratories ) was compared with standard 4 L SF-ELS lavage for safety and efficacy . two centers , 200 patients undergoing colonoscopy for routine indications were randomized to receive the reduced volume or standard 4 L method . day before scheduled colonoscopy , study subjects were allowed a normal breakfast and clear liquids for lunch and dinner . randomized to receive the reduced volume method received four 5-mg bisacodyl tablets p.o. at noon . hours later , they received 2 L SF-ELS given as 10 oz every 10 min . randomized to receive 4 L SF-ELS also drank their solution at 6:00 PM in a similar fashion . , unaware as to the randomized preparation received , rated efficacy of cleansing . tolerance and various hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed . assessment of colon cleansing showed no differences between those patients randomized to receive reduced volume ( n = 93 ) or 4 L ( n = 93 ) SF-ELS cleansing ( p = 0.16 ) . was a profound reduction in preparation side effects . reduced volume preparation had less fullness ( p < 0.01 ) , nausea ( p < 0.01 ) , vomiting ( p = 0.01 ) , and overall discomfort ( p < 0.01 ) . were no clinically significant changes in hematology or blood chemistry associated with either preparation . volume preparation with 2 L SF-ELS and bisacodyl is safe and effective . symptoms from the reduced volume preparation are significantly reduced compared with traditional 4 L gut lavage ."
4319,Abstract #4319,"determine if the coblation tonsillectomy ( subcapsular dissection ) results in less postoperative pain , equivalent intraoperative blood loss , equivalent postoperative hemorrhage rates , and faster healing compared with tonsillectomy was performed using unipolar electrocautery in adult patients . authors conducted a prospective clinical trial . patients underwent tonsillectomy and were randomly assigned to have one tonsil removed with coblation and the other with unipolar electrocautery . measures included time to remove each tonsil , intraoperative blood loss , patient-reported pain , postoperative hemorrhage , and amount of healing 2 weeks after surgery . time to remove a single tonsil with coblation and electrocautery was 8.22 minutes and 6.33 minutes , respectively ( P = .011 ) . intraoperative blood loss for each technique was less than 10 mL . pain was significantly less with coblation as compared with electrocautery : 18.6 % less painful during the first week of recovery . percent of blinded patients identified the coblation side as less painful during the overall 14-day convalescent period . hemorrhage rates ( 2.1 % for coblation and 6.2 % for electrocautery ) were not significantly different . difference in tonsillar fossa healing was observed between the two techniques 2 weeks after surgery . nine of the 48 surgeries , wires on the tip of the coblation handpiece experienced thinning to the point of discontinuity while removing a single tonsil . subcapsular tonsillectomy was less painful than electrocautery tonsillectomy in this 48-patient group . average , intraoperative blood loss was less than 10 mL for both techniques . hemorrhage rates and the degree of tonsillar fossa healing were similar between the two techniques . coblation handpiece experienced degradation of vital wires in 18 % of cases necessitating the use of a second , new handpiece ."
4320,Abstract #4320,"a multicenter , prospectively randomized study we evaluated the 5-year outcomes of bacillus Calmette-Gurin alone compared to a combination of epirubicin and interferon-2b in the treatment of patients with T1 bladder cancer . resection was followed by a second resection and bladder mapping . was for grade and carcinoma in situ . entailed regular cystoscopy and cytology during the first 5 years . end points assessed in this analysis were recurrence-free survival , time to treatment failure and progression , cancer specific survival and prognostic factors . study recruited 250 eligible patients . 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 38 % in the combination arm and 59 % in the bacillus Calmette-Gurin arm ( p = 0.001 ) . corresponding rates for the other end points were not significantly different , as free of progression 78 % and 77 % , treatment failure 75 % and 75 % , and cancer specific survival 90 % and 92 % , respectively . type of treatment , tumor size and tumor status at second resection were independent variables associated with recurrence . carcinoma in situ was not predictive of failure of bacillus Calmette-Gurin therapy . independent factor for treatment failure was remaining T1 stage at second resection . Calmette-Gurin was more effective than the tested combination therapy . currently recommended management with second resection and 3-week maintenance bacillus Calmette-Gurin entails a low risk of cancer specific death . aggressive treatment in patients with infiltrative tumors at second resection might improve these results . particular , concomitant carcinoma in situ was not a predictive factor for poor outcome after bacillus Calmette-Gurin therapy ."
4321,Abstract #4321,"microstents , such as the closed-cell EN , have facilitated adjunctive coiling of intracranial aneurysms . data are available on the ability of the stent struts to maintain vessel-wall apposition once deployed in the tortuous cerebral vasculature and the prevalence of ISA . purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between geometric features of the parent vessel at the stent deployment site and prevalence of ISA . 3T-MRA was performed in a cohort of 39 patients undergoing EN stent-assisted intracranial aneurysm coiling . was analyzed for the presence of ISA and supplemented by angiographic C-arm FPCT ( DynaCT ) . vessel diameter , curvature radius , and stent-subtended arc angle were measured at the site of deployment and analyzed for prediction of ISA in the ICA . uncovered a unique crescent flow pattern ( CS ) outside the EN struts , which was confirmed by FPCT to indicate ISA resulting from EN crimping . was detected on 3T-MRA in 19/39 patients ( 49 % ) . analysis revealed ISA in the ICA to correlate with a large stent-subtended angle , a small curvature radius , and a large diameter but not stent length or jailing versus a sequential technique . analysis identified ISA to correlate with vessel-curvature radius ( OR , 253 ; P = .009 ) , stent-subtended angle ( OR , 225 ; P = .005 ) , and parent vessel diameter ( OR , 8.49 ; P = .044 ) . this study , ISA was detectable by 3T-MRA in a significant proportion of patients undergoing EN stent-assisted coiling of ICA aneurysms in a vessel geometry - and stent-deployment location-dependent manner . characteristic of EN coiling at this potentially tortuous location should be taken into account when selecting an endovascular strategy ."
4322,Abstract #4322,"is an antifungal drug known to have also antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria . seems that antibacterial and antifungal activity of terbinafine may have an advantage in the treatment of mixed fungal and bacterial superficial skin infections . , clinical relevance of the antibacterial part of its action has not been investigated efficiently . compare the efficacy and safety of terbinafine with those of mupirocin , which has already proven antibacterial action , in the treatment of impetigo . clinically diagnosed as having impetigo were treated with topical mupirocin or topical terbinafine in a randomized fashion . ' lesions were examined clinically on days 0 , 4 , 7 , 10 and bacteriologic cultures were obtained on days 0 and 10 . total of 62 patients were included in the study . of these patients were eligible for the efficacy and safety analysis . and 23 patients were treated with mupirocin and terbinafine , respectively . clinical cure rates were 100 % for the mupirocin group and 70 % for the terbinafine group ( p < 0.05 ) . bacteriological eradication rate for mupirocin-treated children was 100 % and that for terbinafine-treated children was 78 % ( p < 0.05 ) . of bullous lesions appeared to be a factor for poor clinical outcome in the terbinafine group . local adverse effects were noted in a small percentage of patients in each group . activity of terbinafine is not strong enough to be an alternative in the treatment of impertigo . is advisable that terbinafine could be used in combination with an antibacterial drug for superficial skin infections caused by both fungi and bacteria ."
4323,Abstract #4323,"versicolor is a fungal infection caused by Malassezia spp . has frequent relapses . main objective of this research was to perform phase I and II clinical studies , using formulations containing essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in patients with pityriasis versicolor . I study included twenty volunteers to ascertain the safety of the formulations . phase II , 47 volunteers randomly received essential oil formulations at 1.25 L/mL concentration , for forty days . shampoo should be applied three times a week and the cream twice a day . control group in phase II , consisting of 29 volunteers , received the same formulations but with 2 % ketoconazole as the active ingredient . significant adverse events were observed in volunteers during Phase I. Phase II , 30 ( 63.83 % ) volunteers using essential oil and 18 ( 62.07 % ) using ketoconazole remained until the end of the study . observed a predominance of lesions in disseminated form , with M. sympodialis detected as the predominant agent identified in cultures . 40 days of treatment , the rate of mycological cure was 60 % ( p < 0.05 ) for the group treated with essential oil of C. citratus and over 80 % ( p < 0.05 ) for the group treated with ketoconazole formulations . the safety and antifungal effects observed in this study after application of formulations containing the essential oil of C. citratus , further studies with larger populations should be performed to confirm the actual potential of these formulations in the treatment of patients with Pityriasis versicolor ."
4324,Abstract #4324,"evaluate the efficacy of topical corticosteroids in treating herpes simplex stromal keratitis . authors performed a randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled , multicenter clinical trial of 106 patients with active herpes simplex stromal keratitis who had not received any corticosteroids for at least 10 days before study enrollment . were assigned to the placebo group ( n = 49 ) or the steroid group ( topical prednisolone phosphate ; n = 57 ) ; both regimens were tapered over 10 weeks . groups received topical trifluridine . acuity assessment and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were performed weekly for 10 weeks , every other week for an additional 6 weeks or until removal from the trial , and at 6 months after randomization . time to treatment failure ( defined by specific criteria as persistent or progressive stromal keratouveitis or an adverse event ) was significantly longer in the steroid group compared with the placebo group . with placebo , corticosteroid therapy reduced the risk of persistent or progressive stromal keratouveitis by 68 % . time from randomization to resolution of stromal keratitis and uveitis was significantly shorter in the steroid group compared with the placebo group even though both groups included patients who were removed from the study and treated with topical corticosteroids according to best medical judgment . ( 33 % ) of the steroid-treated patients and 11 ( 22 % ) of the placebo-treated patients completed the 10 weeks of protocol therapy and had stable , noninflamed corneas after 16 weeks . 6 months after randomization , no clinically or statistically significant differences in visual outcome or recurrent herpetic eye disease were identified between the steroid and placebo groups . topical corticosteroid regimen used in this study was significantly better than placebo in reducing persistence or progression of stromal inflammation and in shortening the duration of herpes simplex stromal keratitis . steroids during careful observation for a few weeks delayed resolution of stromal keratitis but had no detrimental effect as assessed by visual outcome at 6 months ."
4325,Abstract #4325,"riboflavin deficiency is prevalent in certain population groups in affluent countries , but the functional significance of this deficiency is not clear . have indicated a role for riboflavin in the absorption and use of iron . investigated the effect of riboflavin supplementation on hematologic status in a group of moderately riboflavin-deficient women aged 19-25 y in the United Kingdom . hundred twenty-three women with biochemical evidence of riboflavin deficiency [ erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient ( EGRAC ) > 1.40 ] were randomly assigned to receive 2 or 4 mg riboflavin or a placebo for 8 wk . of hematologic status were made pre - and postsupplementation , and dietary intakes were also assessed ; iron absorption was measured in a subgroup of women . hundred nineteen women completed the intervention . use of a riboflavin supplement for 8 wk elicited a significant improvement in riboflavin status with a dose response ( P < 0.0001 ) . women who received supplemental riboflavin , an increase in hemoglobin status correlated with improved riboflavin status ( P < 0.02 ) . in the lowest tertile of riboflavin status at baseline ( EGRAC > 1.65 ) showed a significantly greater increase in hemoglobin status in response to the supplement than did women in the first and second tertiles ( P < 0.01 ) . iron intake and iron absorption did not change during the study . poor riboflavin status can affect iron status : the lower the riboflavin status , the greater the hematologic benefits of improving status . results also suggest that consideration should be given to raising the currently accepted EGRAC threshold for deficiency . trial was registered at controlled-trials . as ISRCTN35811298 ."
4326,Abstract #4326,"examine the effect of 6 months of high - or low-intensity resistance exercise on aerobic capacity and treadmill time to exhaustion in adults aged 60 to 83 years . men and women completed the study protocol . were matched for strength and randomly assigned to a control ( n = 16 ) , low-intensity exercise ( LEX , n = 24 ) , or high-intensity exercise ( HEX , n = 22 ) group . trained at either 50 % of their one repetition maximum ( 1-RM ) for 13 repetitions ( LEX ) or 80 % of 1-RM for 8 repetitions ( HEX ) 3 times per week for 24 weeks . set each of 12 exercises was performed . was measured for the leg press , chest press , leg curl , leg extension , overhead press , biceps curl , seated row , and triceps dip . endurance was measured for the leg press and chest press . capacity ( peak oxygen consumption [ VO ( 2 ) peak ] ) was measured during an incremental treadmill test ( Naughton ) . time to exhaustion was measured as the time to exhaustion during the incremental exercise test . 1-RM significantly increased ( P < or = .05 ) for all exercises tested for both the HEX and LEX groups . capacity increased ( P < or = .05 ) by 23.5 % ( 20.2 to 24.7 mL x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ) and by 20.1 % ( 20.9 to 24.4 mL x kg ( -1 ) x min ( -1 ) ) for the LEX and HEX groups , respectively . time increased ( P < or = .05 ) by 26.4 % and 23.3 % for the LEX and HEX groups , respectively . improvements in aerobic capacity and treadmill time to exhaustion can be obtained in older adults as a consequence of either high - or low-intensity resistance exercise . findings suggest that increased strength , as a consequence of resistance exercise training , may allow older adults to reach and/or improve their aerobic capacity ."
4327,Abstract #4327,"vascular insult and hemodynamic changes represent the most reliable explanation of renal impairment resulting from acute intraabdominal pressure . evaluated the effects of low-dose dopamine administration during a long-lasting surgical laparoscopic procedure . this study 40 , patients submitted to a colorectal laparoscopic procedure with 15 mmHg of intraabdominal pressure were randomly allocated to two groups : 20 receiving 2 mg/kg/min of dopamine and 20 receiving the same perfusion of saline . parameters , renal function , urinary output , and creatinine clearance , were studied . hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups . urinary output decreased during the intraoperative period only the saline group ( p = 0.4 ) . 2 h postoperatively , it increased in both groups , and no statistically significant differences were found between the groups . creatinine clearance decreased in both groups during the intraoperative time , but it was worse in the saline group ( -28 + / - 120 vs -194 + / - 106 ; p = 0.022 ) . the postoperative period , both groups showed improvement , but in control group the values remained lower than at baseline ( p = 0.04 ) , and significantly lower than in the dopamine group ( 230 + / - 337 vs 100 + / - 192 ; p = 0.012 ) . intrabdominal pressure of 15 mmHg induces a time-limited renal dysfunction , and low doses of dopamine could prevent this undesirable effect ."
4328,Abstract #4328,"risk factors have been identified in the postprandial state , particularly in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . consumption has been linked to cardiovascular risk reduction , but the beneficial effect of tea has not been investigated under postprandial conditions . objective was to examine the effect of green tea on postprandial levels of plasma total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) , serum lipids , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) and glucose in patients with CAD . a randomized controlled , parallel design with 2 arms , 43 patients with CAD were assigned to consume breakfast consisting of bread , butter and 330 ml water or tea ( 4.5 g green tea/330 ml , providing approximately 400 mg catechins ) . samples were drawn immediately before and 1.5 , 3 and 5 h after breakfast . was measured in plasma with the ferric reducing antioxidant power of plasma and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays . cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , triglycerides , glucose , CRP , uric acid and pancreatic lipase levels were measured in serum . biomarkers did not differ between tea and water group at baseline , 1.5 , 3 and 5 h ( P > 0.05 ) postprandially . , TAC increased 1.5 and 3 h after consumption of breakfast with tea ( P < 0.005 ) , but no change was observed after consumption of breakfast with water . triglycerides levels significantly increased 3 h after breakfast with water ( P = 0.031 ) , but not after breakfast with tea . uric acid decreased 1.5 h after breakfast with tea ( P = 0.038 ) . lipase , CRP , total cholesterol , HDL-C , LDL-C and glucose levels remained unchanged after breakfast with tea at any time point ( P > 0.05 ) . consumption did not affect selected biomarkers at any postprandial time point in patients with CAD ."
4329,Abstract #4329,"role of fixed airflow obstruction ( FAO ) in asthma is unclear . assess the relationship between FAO and clinical features of asthma and the effect of FAO on treatment response . hoc descriptive analysis of data stratified by FAO category ( screening post-albuterol FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal [ LLN ] [ FAO + ] or LLN [ FAO - ] ) from two 12-week , randomized , placebo-controlled studies of budesonide/formoterol or the monocomponents in mild-moderate ( study I ; aged 6 years ; NCT00651651 ; placebo run-in ) or moderate-severe ( study II ; 12 years ; NCT00652002 ; budesonide run-in ) asthma patients . baseline , FAO + versus FAO - patients were more likely male and had longer asthma duration and worse pulmonary function . the treatment period , lung function and asthma control measures with placebo were generally worse in FAO + versus FAO - patients . was effective on most end points in both FAO + and FAO - patients . contrast to FAO - patients , FAO + patients were unresponsive to formoterol monotherapy in both study populations . greater improvements in most end points ( including worsening of asthma as predefined by specific lung function parameters or clinical symptoms ) were observed moving from formoterol to budesonide to budesonide/formoterol in both FAO + and FAO - patients , with generally greater than additive effects on lung function with budesonide/formoterol in FAO + patients . + patients tended to be more impaired and at greater risk for an asthma event versus FAO - patients . FAO + patients were non-responsive to formoterol monotherapy , they retained responsiveness to budesonide and had the greatest lung function and control responses to budesonide/formoterol that were similar to or greater than responses of FAO - patients ."
4330,Abstract #4330,"effect of commonly ingested alcoholic beverages on gastric acid output and release of gastrin in humans is unknown . 16 healthy humans the effect of some commonly ingested alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation plus distillation ( for example , whisky , cognac , calvados , armagnac , and rum ) or by alcoholic fermentation ( beer , wine , champagne , martini , and sherry ) on gastric acid output and release of gastrin was studied . acid output was determined by the method of intragastric titration . gastrin was measured using a specific radioimmunoassay . of the alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation plus distillation had any significant effect on gastric acid output and release of gastrin compared with control ( isotonic glucose and distilled water ) . beverages produced only by fermentation significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increased the gastric acid output by 57 % to 95 % of maximal acid output ( MAO ) and release of gastrin up to 5.1-fold compared with control . beer , wine , and sherry were distilled , only their remaining parts increased gastric acid output by 53 % to 76 % of MAO and increased release of gastrin up to 4.3-fold compared with control . 1 ) Alcoholic beverages produced by fermentation but not by distillation are powerful stimulants of gastric acid output and release of gastrin ; ( 2 ) the alcoholic beverage constituents that stimulate gastric acid output and release of gastrin are most probably produced during the process of fermentation and removed during the following process of distillation ."
4331,Abstract #4331,"evaluate the effects of 5 % weight loss , through diet only or diet plus exercise , on lipid profile , inflammation and endothelial function in obese individuals . this randomized clinical trial , 48 obese individuals were randomized to either a diet only group ( DI ) or a diet and exercise group ( DI+EXE ) . was maintained until 5 % of the initial body weight was lost . baseline and upon completion , the following parameters were analyzed : total cholesterol and fractions , triglycerides , fibrinogen , von Willebrand factor , high-sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and endothelial function ( brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation-FMD ) . individuals dropped out before completing the weight loss intervention . median time required for reduction of 5 % of initial body weight was 79.7 days for the DI group and 65.9 days for the DI+EXE group ( P = 0.16 ) . both DI ( n = 18 ) and DI+EXE ( n = 17 ) , total cholesterol ( -15.84.8 and -10.54.9 mg/dL , respectively ) , triglycerides ( -33.810.0 and -39.410.3 mg/dL , respectively ) and hs-CRP ( -1.350.41 and -0.450.43 mg/L , respectively ) decreased significantly , and in a similar response ( repeated measures ANOVA ) . loss did not change significantly the fibrinogen and FMD in both groups . 5 % weight loss improves lipid profile and reduces inflammation in obese individuals . function did not change significantly . loss has a significant impact on these cardiovascular risk factors , and this is independent of physical training ."
4332,Abstract #4332,"study was conducted to assess , in a small sample , the short-term outcomes of once-daily mesalamine versus conventional dosing in maintaining quiescent ulcerative colitis ( UC ) and to assess adherence rates with both regimens . patients were randomly assigned to either a once-daily regimen , or they continued current conventional regimen ( twice daily or 3 times daily ) . were assessed at 3 months and 6 months . each point , a clinical symptom disease score was obtained using patient questionnaires , and medication rates via pharmacy data . was defined as consumption of > 80 % of prescribed medication . was collected by an investigator blinded to treatment regimen . patients were enrolled in the study , 12 in the once-daily group ( QD ) and 10 in the conventional group ( CD ) . 3 months , no patients had experienced a relapse . of the patients in the QD group and 70 % of patients in the CD group were adherent ( P = 0.04 ) . average amount of medication consumed in the QD group was significantly higher than in the CD group ( 90 % vs. 75 % , P = 0.02 ) . 6 months , 2 patients ( 1 patient from each group ) experienced a clinical relapse ( P = 0.76 ) . percent vs. 70 % of patients were adherent ( P = 0.8 ) ; the amount of medication taken approached significance ( 90 % vs. 76 % , P = 0.07 ) . patients in the QD group reported being either `` very satisfied '' or `` satisfied '' with their regimen . this randomized pilot trial , patients taking once-daily mesalamine had outcomes similar to those for patients on conventional regimens . larger trial is warranted to assess whether true differences between regimens exist ."
4333,Abstract #4333,"assessment of working length determines the success and prognosis of an endodontic treatment outcome . methods are used in determining the working length . the measurements of the apex locator and radiographic technique to determine working length . ex vivo study was conducted on 20 patients having intact single straight root canal . premolars were taken in the study . doing coronal flaring and irrigation , the radiographic length was determined with an aid of a k-type file and electronic length ( EL-Root-ZX ) 3rd generation apex locator . extraction of all the premolars , stereomicroscope was further used to confirm and compare radiographic and electronic apex locator . mean value of 0.5430 0.5741 mm was observed among radiographic techniques . mean value of 0.4240 0.4587 mm was observed among apex locator techniques . revealed , no significant difference between the two techniques was observed ( p = 0.615 ) . Two tailed ' t-test revealed intragroup significance both techniques for determining the working length . distance of the apical foramen to the tip of the file : A mean value of 0.4240 0.4587 mm with apex locator technique was observed . length of apex locator was more in comparison to radiographic technique . significant difference between the two techniques was observed ( p = 0.615 ) . significance among both techniques for determining the working length was also observed . , a further study incorporating a larger sample size and utilization of both techniques of working length determination on the same tooth has to be conducted . the apex locator technique and radiographic technique for determination of working length would yield more accurate working length ."
4334,Abstract #4334,"cancer ( CRC ) screening is cost-effective but underused . objective of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of a mailed standard intervention ( SI ) and tailored navigation interventions ( TNIs ) to increase CRC screening use in the context of a randomized trial among primary care patients . ( n = 945 ) were randomized either to a usual care control group ( n = 317 ) , to an SI group ( n = 316 ) , or to a TNI group ( n = 312 ) . SI group was sent both colonoscopy instructions and stool blood tests irrespective of baseline preference . group participants were sent instructions for scheduling a colonoscopy , a stool blood test , or both based on their test preference , as determined at baseline ; then , they received a navigation telephone call . cost estimation was used to determine the cost of each intervention and to compute incremental cost-effectiveness ratios . uncertainty within the base case was assessed with 95 % confidence intervals derived from net benefit regression analysis . effects of uncertain parameters , such as the cost of planning , training , and involvement of those receiving `` investigator salaries , '' were assessed with sensitivity analyses . costs of the SI were $ 167 per participant . average cost of the TNI was $ 289 per participant . TNI was more effective than the SI but substantially increased the cost per additional individual screened . need to consider cost structure , level of planning , and training required to implement these 2 intervention strategies and their willingness to pay for additional individuals screened to determine whether a tailored navigation would be justified and feasible ."
4335,Abstract #4335,"powdered yacon ( FDY ) can be considered a prebiotic product due to its fructooligosaccharides ( FOS ) content . effect of 9weeks of daily intake of FDY containing 7.4 g of FOS on glucose , lipid metabolism and intestinal transit in a group of elderly people was investigated . elderly ( mean age 67.116.11 ) men and women were studied for 9weeks in a double-blind , placebo-controlled experiment . were randomly assigned to the supplement group ( which received 7.4 g of FOS as FDY ) or the control group . the beginning and end of the study , anthropometric measurements , blood sampling , clinical analyses and dietary intake were assessed . daily intake of FDY containing 7.4 g of FOS for 9weeks was associated with a mean decrease in serum glucose ( p = 0.013 ) , but supplementation did not reduce serum lipids in the study group . administered dose did not adversely affect intestinal transit . did not cause bloating , flatulence or intestinal discomfort . powdered yacon is a good source of FOS , and daily consumption can have a favourable effect on serum glucose in the elderly . is also practical , easy and safe to use and store ."
4336,Abstract #4336,"prevention and treatment of alcohol use disorders among women of reproductive age have been well described . , there is limited information on women specifically during the postpartum period . period in a woman 's life is a time of transition and it provides an ideal opportunity for primary care providers to intervene . goal of this report was to present the results of a brief alcohol intervention conducted in 34 obstetrical practices with women seeking routine postpartum care . randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2002 to 2005 in a diverse sample of women located in 15 Wisconsin counties . report presents 6-month follow-up data . total of 8,706 women were screened for high-risk alcohol use during routine postpartum care with 997 ( 12 % ) of these women testing positive for at-risk drinking . total of 235 women met inclusion criteria and were randomized to either `` usual care '' or `` brief intervention . '' 4-session intervention was delivered by outpatient obstetrical nurses and research staff . mean age of the women in the sample was 28 , 19.3 % were from minority groups , 60.8 % were married , 53.2 % reported current tobacco use , and 17.9 % had used marijuana in the previous 30 days . the 6 month follow-up appointment , there were significant reductions in mean number of total drinks in the previous 28 days ( p < 0.013 ) , number of drinking days ( p < 0.024 ) and heavy drinking days ( p < 0.019 ) . addition to a statistical difference between groups , there was a 19 % difference in the mean number of drinks and number of drinking days , and a 36 % difference in the number of heavy drinking days in favor of the intervention group . findings of the Healthy Moms Trial support the implementation of brief alcohol intervention during the postpartum period ."
4337,Abstract #4337,"analgesia for children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA ) is controversial . may represent a superior choice over morphine in this group , with a potential to cause less postoperative sedation and respiratory depression . perioperative analgesia may allow expensive and time-consuming preoperative work-up and postoperative monitoring to be rationalized . children were randomized to receive either perioperative tramadol or morphine in this double blinded , prospective , controlled trial . sedation , pain , respiratory events , and vomiting were then compared between groups . was no significant difference between the two groups in sedation scores 1 h after arrival in recovery ( P = 0.24 ) or at any other time up to 6 h postoperation . was also no evidence of a difference between the groups in pain scores up to 6 h postoperation . were fewer episodes of postoperative desaturation ( < 94 % ) in the tramadol group up to 3 h postoperation , with 26 % fewer episodes in the tramadol group during the second hour postoperation ( P = 0.02 ) . , there was a trend toward fewer desaturation episodes in the tramadol group . may be a suitable drug for children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for OSA . work is required to investigate this ."
4338,Abstract #4338,"purpose of this twenty-eight day , randomized , single-blind clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of the addition of daily oral irrigation to both power and manual tooth brushing , compared to a traditional regimen of manual tooth brushing and flossing , to determine which regimen had the greatest effect on the reduction of gingival bleeding , gingivitis , and supragingival plaque . study was designed for a total of 105 subjects to participate in a twenty-eight day trial , with 35 subjects randomly assigned to one of three groups : Group 1-manual toothbrush and floss ; Group 2-manual toothbrush and dental water jet ; and Group 3-sonic toothbrush and dental water jet . subjects received written and verbal instructions for using their regimens . were asked to brush for a timed two minutes , twice per day , with the brush and the dentifrice provided , and to refrain from using any additional oral hygiene aids . using the dental water jet were instructed to use the water jet on a medium setting , irrigating once per day with 500 ml of luke warm water . using the dental floss were instructed to use the floss once daily . were examined by two calibrated examiners , and data were collected at baseline ( BSL ) , 14 days ( D14 ) , and 28 days ( D28 ) . were asked to abstain from any oral hygiene for 12 hours prior to each study visit . were scored using the Carter and Barnes Bleeding Index , Le and Silness Gingival Index , and the Proximal/Marginal Plaque Index . scores on the three indices for the three groups were used for statistical analysis at each time point . , the means were used for comparisons as change from baseline and percent change from baseline at D14 and D28 . significance of percentage change in each index from baseline to D14 and D28 was evaluated using a one-tailed t-test . differences are reported at alpha < or = 0.05 for these planned group comparisons . subjects in Group 1 , 32 subjects in Group 2 , and 32 subjects in Group 3 completed the study . Index : Groups 2 and 3 , the irrigation groups , were statistically significantly more effective than Group 1 in reducing the bleeding index at D14 and D28 , whether measured by mean reduction or percentage reduction . Index : At D14 , both irrigation groups demonstrated a statistically significantly greater reduction in the gingival index compared to brushing and flossing for the facial surfaces . was no significant difference between groups for the lingual surface at D14 . D28 there was a significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 for both the facial and lingual surfaces . Index : There was one significant difference between groups for the plaque index measured on the lingual surfaces . manual toothbrush and floss were less effective than the sonic toothbrush and irrigation . 3 was also significantly better than Group 1 in reducing the plaque index on the facial surfaces at both D14 and D28 . plaque percentage reduction on the facial surface , Group 2 was significantly better than Group 1 at D14 . was no statistical difference between Group 1 and Group 2 at D28 . results of this clinical trial indicate that when combined with manual or sonic tooth brushing , oral irrigation is an effective alternative to manual tooth brushing and dental floss for reducing bleeding , gingival inflammation , and plaque removal ."
4339,Abstract #4339,"discuss Bundle treatment of the acute severe type high altitude disease . prospective and randomized controlled trial was conducted . hundred and three patients with high altitude pulmonary edema ( HAPE ) or high altitude cerebral edema ( HACE ) met inclusion criteria were included , and were randomly divided into Bundle treatment group ( n = 125 ) and conventional treatment control group ( n = 78 ) . patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ) were admitted to intensive care unit ( ICU ) ; with respiratory failure or serious hypoxia of the patients were given mechanical ventilation ( invasive or noninvasive ) ; fluid resuscitation and vasoactive agents were given in the unstable hemodynamics patients ; diuretics and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration were given in acute renal dysfunction or failure . gastrointestinal bleeding and blood coagulation disorders were concerned . hospital stay time , cure rate and mortality were compared according to the stages and classification of HAPE or HACE among two groups . hospital stay time was significantly decreased 1.66 days in the Bundle treatment group ( days : 5.28 3.17 ) compared with conventional treatment control group ( 6.94 4.05 , P < 0.05 ) , the cure rate was significantly increased 7.06 % ( 96.80 % vs. 89.74 % , P < 0.05 ) , mortality of severe and fatal patients were decreased 5.59 % and 31.15 % , the mortality of patients in Bundle treatment group was significantly lower than conventional treatment control group ( 3.20 % vs. 10.26 % , P < 0.05 ) . standardized treatment which was integrated with plateau medicine and critical care medicine can effectively reduce the mortality of critical or severe patients with HAPE or HACE ."
4340,Abstract #4340,"paper describes the rationale , design , and methods of a two-year randomized controlled trial conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental intervention in 27 elementary schools in Mexico City . were two units of analysis , school level addressing changes in elementary public part-time schools , and individual-level addressing behavioral changes in students 9 to 11 years of age . intensities of an intervention program were implemented ( basic and plus ) , each containing two intervention components : physical activity and nutrition , supported by a communication/education component . of the intervention was carried out during the school cycles 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 . outcomes were overweight and obesity prevalence and fitness ; environmental and behavioural measures were also examined . is the first institutional multilevel , multifactorial project , consistent with the best practices available in current literature , carried out in Mexico to prevent childhood obesity in schools ."
4341,Abstract #4341,"observe the difference in the efficacy on traumatic nerve injury among electroacupuncture , warm needling therapy and electroacupuncture plus warm needling therapy and explore the better therapeutic method . electromyography ( EMG ) and electroneurography ( ENG ) of 93 cases showed traumatic nerve injury of moderate damage . to the single blind randomization principle , they were divided into an electroacupuncture ( EA ) group , a warm needling therapy ( WN ) group and an EA plus WN group , 31 cases in each one . main acupoints were selected from Yangming Meridian and Shaoyang Meridian corresponding to the distribution of damaged nerves . , WN and EA plus WN were applied separately . treatment was given once every day , 15 treatments made one session . 3 sessions of treatment ( 45 treatments in total ) , EMG and ENG were re-checked and the results were analyzed statistically . the total effective rate and effective rate , it was 96.8 % ( 30/31 ) in the EA plus WN group , which was better than 74.2 % ( 23/31 ) in the EA group and 77.4 % ( 24/31 ) in the WN group ( P < 0.05 ) . to the improvements of EMG , the result in the EA plus WN group was 96.8 % ( 30/31 ) , which was better than the other two groups [ 74.2 % ( 23/31 ) ,74.2 % ( 23/31 ) ] ( P < 0.05 ) . terms of the recovery of nerve conduction and amplitude , the results in EA plus WN group [ ( 50.9 + / -4.6 ) m/s , ( 8.8 + / -2.9 ) , microVx1 000 ] were better than the other two groups [ ( 43.7 + / -3.1 ) m/s , ( 4.2 + / -1.9 ) microV X 1 000 , ( 43.8 + / -3.3 ) m/s , ( 4.5 + / -2.2 ) microV X 1 000 ] ( P < 0.05 ) . combined with WN is a better therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of traumatic nerve injury ."
4342,Abstract #4342,"of information analysis has been proposed as an alternative to the standard hypothesis testing approach , which is based on type I and type II errors , in determining sample sizes for randomized clinical trials . , in addition to sample size calculation , value of information analysis can optimize other aspects of research design such as possible comparator arms and alternative follow-up times , by considering trial designs that maximize the expected net benefit of research , which is the difference between the expected cost of the trial and the expected value of additional information . apply value of information methods to the results of a pilot study on catheter securement devices to determine the optimal design of a future larger clinical trial . economic evaluation was performed using data from a multi-arm randomized controlled pilot study comparing the efficacy of four types of catheter securement devices : standard polyurethane , tissue adhesive , bordered polyurethane and sutureless securement device . Monte Carlo simulation was used to characterize uncertainty surrounding the study results and to calculate the expected value of additional information . guide the optimal future trial design , the expected costs and benefits of the alternative trial designs were estimated and compared . of the value of further information indicated that a randomized controlled trial on catheter securement devices is potentially worthwhile . the possible designs for the future trial , a four-arm study with 220 patients/arm would provide the highest expected net benefit corresponding to 130 % return-on-investment . initially considered design of 388 patients/arm , based on hypothesis testing calculations , would provide lower net benefit with return-on-investment of 79 % . and value of information analyses were based on the data from a single pilot trial which might affect the accuracy of our uncertainty estimation . limitation was that different follow-up durations for the larger trial were not evaluated . value of information approach allows efficient trial design by maximizing the expected net benefit of additional research . approach should be considered early in the design of randomized clinical trials ."
4343,Abstract #4343,"studies in small series of healthy adults have suggested that parallel measurement of hydrogen and methane resulting from gut fermentation may improve the precision of quantitative estimates of carbohydrate malabsorption . , controlled studies of the role of simultaneous hydrogen and methane measurements using end-expiratory breath test techniques are not available . studied seven healthy , adult methane and hydrogen producers and seven methane non-producers by means of end-expiratory breath test techniques . gas concentrations and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded at intervals for 12h after ingestion of 10 , 20 and 30 g lactulose . the seven methane producers the excretion pattern was highly variable ; the integrated methane responses were disproportional and not reliably reproducible . , quantitative estimates of carbohydrate malabsorption on the basis of individual areas under the methane and hydrogen excretion curves ( AUCs ) tended to improve in methane producers after ingestion of 20 g lactulose by simple addition of AUCs of methane to the AUCs of the hydrogen curves . were no more precise in methane producers than similar estimates in non-producers . symptoms increased significantly with increasing lactulose dose ; correlation with total hydrogen and methane excretion was weak . study suggests that in methane producers , simple addition of methane and hydrogen excretion improves the precision of semiquantitative measurements of carbohydrate malabsorption . status of methane production should , therefore , be known to interpret breath tests semiquantitatively . weak correlation between hydrogen and methane excretion and gas-related abdominal complaints suggests that other factors than net production of these gases may be responsible for the symptoms ."
4344,Abstract #4344,"purpose was to compare whether mothers exposed to an autonomy-supportive psychoeducational videotaped message , informed by the self-determination theory ( SDT ) , demonstrated greater changes in oral health knowledge and behavioral intentions as a preventive means for early childhood caries ( ECC ) than mothers exposed to a neutral message delivered by brochure . were collected at baseline , one - , and six-month follow-ups from 415 12 - to 49-month-old WIC-enrolled children and their mothers : 283 in the video intervention group and 132 in the brochure control group . completed questionnaires on maternal knowledge and behavioral intentions for oral health care . , Wilcoxon rank-sum , and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze data ( P < .05 ) . to their baseline scores , the intervention group showed a greater increase in knowledge than the control group , both at one-month ( P = .002 ) and six-month follow-ups ( P < .001 ) . video group also demonstrated a greater increase in behavioral intentions than controls , both at one-month ( P < .05 ) and six-month follow-ups ( P < .001 ) . and behavioral intention levels at six-month follow-up did not differ significantly from those at one-month follow-up , indicating that intervention-based increases in these measures were maintained over time . provided evidence of the effectiveness of the autonomy-supportive psychoeducational intervention for ECC prevention relative to a neutral brochure ."
4345,Abstract #4345,"explored change in complementary and alternative medicine ( CAM ) use by unaffected women and cancer survivors from enrollment into a randomized BRCA1/2 testing program to CAM use 1 year following results disclosure . cohort of 243 high-risk women completed questionnaires at enrollment into a BRCA1/2 randomized trial and 1 year post results disclosure . of several CAMs for cancer prevention were explored , including ingestible , behavioral , and physical modalities . of the change in CAM use from baseline to 1 year follow-up was conducted using a repeated self-administered questionnaire . of the number of CAMs used at 1 year were explored using multivariable linear regression models . the subset of women who changed their CAM behavior from enrollment to 1 year following BRCA1/2 results disclosure , there was a significantly higher proportion who changed from no CAM use to CAM use among the overall cohort ( P = 0.01 ) , among women without cancer at enrollment ( P = 0.003 ) , among women found to be BRCA1/2 carriers ( P = 0.03 ) , and among women randomized to the genetic counseling intervention arm of the study ( P = 0.009 ) . of CAMs used at 1 year was positively associated with number of CAMs used at baseline , sunscreen use , and BRCA1/2 mutation status . women who have received BRCA1/2 counseling and testing frequently adopt new CAM use in the first year after learning their genetic status . carriers frequently initiate CAM use after learning their genetic status as part of their cancer preventive regimen . studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of CAM-related strategies for cancer prevention ."
4346,Abstract #4346,"eye is usually managed by conventional medical interventions such as artificial tears , anti-inflammatory drugs and surgical treatment . , since dry eye is one of the most frequent ophthalmologic disorders , safer and more effective methods for its treatment are necessary , especially for vulnerable patients . has been widely used to treat patients with dry eye . aim is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for this condition . randomised , patient-assessor blinded , sham ( non-acupuncture point , shallow acupuncture ) controlled study was established . allocated to verum acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups will be treated three times weekly for three weeks for a total of nine sessions per participant . points ( GV23 ; bilateral BL2 , GB4 , TE23 , Ex1 ( Taiyang ) , ST1 and GB20 ; and left SP3 , LU9 , LU10 and HT8 for men , right for women ) have been selected for the verum acupuncture ; for the sham acupuncture , points have been selected that do not coincide with a classical acupuncture point and that are located close to the verum points , except in the case of the rim of the eye . surface disease index , tear film breakup time , the Schirmer I test , medication quantification scale and general assessment of improvement will be used as outcome variables for evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture . will also be assessed at every visit . and secondary outcomes will be assessed four weeks after screening . statistical analyses will be performed using analysis of covariance . results of this trial will be used as a basis for clarifying the efficacy of acupuncture for dry eye . NCT00969280 ."
4347,Abstract #4347,"evaluate silver-impregnated ( Oligon ) central venous catheters and chlorhexidine-gluconate-impregnated sponges for reducing catheter-related colonization and infection , nonbacteremic or bacteremic . , prospective , randomized , controlled study . general intensive care units in Greece . care unit patients requiring a multilumen central venous catheter between June 2006 and May 2008 . were randomly assigned to receive a standard catheter ( standard group ) , a standard catheter plus chlorhexidine-gluconate-impregnated sponge ( chlorhexidine-gluconate-impregnated sponge group ) , or an Oligon catheter ( Oligon group ) . colonization was defined as a positive quantitative tip culture ( 10 colony-forming units/mL ) , catheter-related infection was defined by the previous criterion plus clinical evidence of sepsis , and bacteremia catheter-related infection as catheter-related infection plus a positive peripheral blood culture with the same micro-organism as in the catheter tip . were obtained from 465 patients , 156 in the standard-group , 150 in the chlorhexidine-gluconate-impregnated sponge group , and 159 in the Oligon-group . occurred in 24 ( 15.4 % ) standard catheters , 21 ( 14 % ) in the chlorhexidine-gluconate-impregnated sponge group , and 25 ( 15.7 % ) in the Oligon catheters ( p = .35 ) ( 20.9 , 19.9 , 21.8 / 1000 catheter-days , respectively ) . infections were recorded in nine ( 5.8 % ) standard catheters , six ( 4 % ) in the chlorhexidine-gluconate-impregnated sponge group , and seven ( 4.4 % ) in the Oligon catheters ( p = .58 ) ( 7.8 / 1,000 , 5.7 / 1,000 , 6.1 / 1,000 catheter-days , respectively ) . difference was observed between the chlorhexidine - gluconate-impregnated sponge group and the standard group regarding catheter colonization ( hazard ratio 1.21 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.56-2 .61 ; p = .64 ) and catheter-related infections ( hazard ratio 0.65 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.23-1 .85 ; p = .42 ) . Oligon catheter did not reduce colonization or catheter-related infections when compared with the standard catheter ( colonization : hazard ratio 1.0 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.46-2 .21 ; p = .98 ; catheter-related infection : hazard ratio 0.72 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.27-1 .95 ; p = .52 ) . patients ( 1.5 % , 2.09 / 1,000 catheter-days ) presented bacteremic catheter-related infections . venous catheters inserted either in the internal jugular or the femoral vein had greater risk to be colonized than catheters inserted in the subclavian vein ( internal jugular vs. subclavian : hazard ratio 3.29 ; 95 % confidence interval 1.26-8 .61 ; p = .01 ; femoral vs. subclavian : hazard ratio 3.36 ; 95 % confidence interval 1.17-9 .65 ; p = .02 ) . baumannii was the predominant pathogen ( 37.1 % episodes of colonization , 36.4 % catheter-related infections , 57.1 % bacteremic catheter-related infections ) . short-term ( median duration 7 days ) central venous catheters in intensive care units with high prevalence of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria , chlorhexidine-impregnated sponges and Oligon catheters as single preventive measures did not reduce catheter colonization or catheter-related infections . a result of the limited amount of events , no conclusion could be reached regarding bacteremic catheter-related infections . femoral site was the most frequently colonized insertion site in all types of catheters ."
4348,Abstract #4348,"corticosteroids are often used in the treatment of psoriasis , but long-term use may be associated with serious adverse events such as tachyphylaxis or atrophy of the skin . , a new topical retinoid , has demonstrated significant clinical benefits but can cause mild to moderate local irritation . evaluate whether a combination treatment of topical tazarotene and a topical corticosteroid would increase efficacy while reducing the incidence of local adverse events associated with a topical retinoid . hundred patients enrolled in an investigator-masked study were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups : tazarotene 0.1 % gel in combination with placebo cream , or with a low - , mid - , or high-potency corticosteroid cream , for 12 weeks of treatment and a posttreatment follow-up at week 16 . 0.1 % gel in combination with a mid - or high-potency corticosteroid , when compared with tazarotene plus placebo cream , achieved significantly greater reductions in scaling , erythema , and overall lesional severity , and a decreased incidence of adverse events . tazarotene combinations ( including tazarotene plus placebo ) were highly effective in rapidly reducing the severity of psoriasis . tazarotene with a topical corticosteroid increased efficacy while reducing the incidence of local adverse events ."
4349,Abstract #4349,"than 300,000 surgeries are performed annually in the United States for pelvic organ prolapse . ligament fixation ( SSLF ) and uterosacral ligament suspension ( ULS ) are commonly performed transvaginal surgeries to correct apical prolapse . is known about their comparative efficacy and safety , and it is unknown whether perioperative behavioral therapy with pelvic floor muscle training ( BPMT ) improves outcomes of prolapse surgery . compare outcomes between ( 1 ) SSLF and ULS and ( 2 ) perioperative BPMT and usual care in women undergoing surgery for vaginal prolapse and stress urinary incontinence . , 22 factorial , randomized trial of 374 women undergoing surgery to treat both apical vaginal prolapse and stress urinary incontinence was conducted between 2008 and 2013 at 9 US medical centers . follow-up rate was 84.5 % . surgical intervention was transvaginal surgery including midurethral sling with randomization to SSLF ( n = 186 ) or ULS ( n = 188 ) ; the behavioral intervention was randomization to receive perioperative BPMT ( n = 186 ) or usual care ( n = 188 ) . primary outcome for the surgical intervention ( surgical success ) was defined as ( 1 ) no apical descent greater than one-third into vaginal canal or anterior or posterior vaginal wall beyond the hymen ( anatomic success ) , ( 2 ) no bothersome vaginal bulge symptoms , and ( 3 ) no re-treatment for prolapse at 2 years . the behavioral intervention , primary outcome at 6 months was urinary symptom scores ( Urinary Distress Inventory ; range 0-300 , higher scores worse ) , and primary outcomes at 2 years were prolapse symptom scores ( Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory ; range 0-300 , higher scores worse ) and anatomic success . 2 years , surgical group was not significantly associated with surgical success rates ( ULS , 59.2 % [ 93/157 ] vs SSLF , 60.5 % [ 92/152 ] ; unadjusted difference , -1.3 % ; 95 % CI , -12.2 % to 9.6 % ; adjusted odds ratio [ OR ] , 0.9 ; 95 % CI , 0.6 to 1.5 ) or serious adverse event rates ( ULS , 16.5 % [ 31/188 ] vs SSLF , 16.7 % [ 31/186 ] ; unadjusted difference , -0.2 % ; 95 % CI , -7.7 % to 7.4 % ; adjusted OR , 0.9 ; 95 % CI , 0.5 to 1.6 ) . BPMT was not associated with greater improvements in urinary scores at 6 months ( adjusted treatment difference , -6.7 ; 95 % CI , -19.7 to 6.2 ) , prolapse scores at 24 months ( adjusted treatment difference , -8.0 ; 95 % CI , -22.1 to 6.1 ) , or anatomic success at 24 months . years after vaginal surgery for prolapse and stress urinary incontinence , neither ULS nor SSLF was significantly superior to the other for anatomic , functional , or adverse event outcomes . BPMT did not improve urinary symptoms at 6 months or prolapse outcomes at 2 years . Identifier : NCT00597935 ."
4350,Abstract #4350,"allergy is well established , but mosquito immunotherapy requires validation using clinical and immunologic variables . evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of specific immunotherapy with Culex quinquefasciatus ( mosquito ) extract . performed a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of immunotherapy for 1 year in 40 patients with asthma , rhinitis , or both . were evaluated by means of intradermal testing , symptom and drug scores , and histamine provocation testing before and after 1 year of immunotherapy . specific IgE and IgG subclass antibody responses were evaluated at the basal level and after 1 year . receiving allergen immunotherapy for 1 year showed a significant improvement compared with baseline and patients receiving placebo regarding skin reactions , symptom scores ( rhinitis and asthma ) , and forced expiratory volume in 1 second . concentration of histamine that caused a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 20 % by inhalation was elevated in the group receiving immunotherapy . the active group serologic analysis showed a slight reduction in IgE levels ( P = .02 ) but a significant elevation in IgG4 levels ( P = .001 ) , with a significant decrease in the IgE/IgG4 ratio ( P = .001 ) . these changes in the placebo group were nonsignificant . immunotherapy with mosquito extract was well tolerated , with improvement in symptoms and airway reactivity . clinical outcome was associated with increased IgG4 antibody levels ."
4351,Abstract #4351,"ceramic composition and microstructure surface of all-ceramic restorations are important components of an effective bonding substrate . hydrofluoric acid etching and airborne aluminum oxide particle abrasion produce irregular surfaces necessary for micromechanical bonding . surface treatments of feldspathic and leucite porcelains have been studied previously , the high alumina-containing and lithium disilicate ceramics have not been fully investigated . purpose of this study was to assess the surface topography of 6 different ceramics after treatment with either hydrofluoric acid etching or airborne aluminum oxide particle abrasion . copings each of IPS Empress , IPS Empress 2 ( 0.8 mm thick ) , Cergogold ( 0.7 mm thick ) , In-Ceram Alumina , In-Ceram Zirconia , and Procera ( 0.8 mm thick ) were fabricated following the manufacturer 's instructions . coping was longitudinally sectioned into 4 equal parts by a diamond disk . resulting sections were then randomly divided into 3 groups depending on subsequent surface treatments : Group 1 , specimens without additional surface treatments , as received from the laboratory ( control ) ; Group 2 , specimens treated by use of airborne particle abrasion with 50-microm aluminum oxide ; and Group 3 , specimens treated with 10 % hydrofluoric acid etching ( 20 seconds for IPS Empress 2 ; 60 seconds for IPS Empress and Cergogold ; and 2 minutes for In-Ceram Alumina , In-Ceram Zirconia , and Procera ) . particle abrasion changed the morphologic surface of IPS Empress , IPS Empress 2 , and Cergogold ceramics . surface topography of these ceramics exhibited shallow irregularities not evident in the control group . Procera , the 50-microm aluminum oxide airborne particle abrasion produced a flattened surface . particle abrasion of In-Ceram Alumina and In-Ceram Zirconia did not change the morphologic characteristics and the same shallows pits found in the control group remained . IPS Empress 2 , 10 % hydrofluoric acid etching produced elongated crystals scattered with shallow irregularities . IPS Empress and Cergogold , the morphologic characteristic was honeycomb-like on the ceramic surface . surface treatment of In-Ceram Alumina , In-Ceram Zirconia , and Procera did not change their superficial structure . acid etching and airborne particle abrasion with 50-microm aluminum oxide increased the irregularities on the surface of IPS Empress , IPS Empress 2 , and Cergogold ceramics . treatment of In-Ceram Alumina , In-Ceram Zirconia , and Procera did not change their morphologic microstructure ."
4352,Abstract #4352,"accurate recognition of patient pain is a crucial , but sometimes difficult , task in medical care . study explored factors related to the physician 's diagnosis of pain in primary care patients . adult patients were prospectively randomized to care by primary care providers at a university medical center clinic . participants were interviewed prior to the initial visit , and their level of self-reported pain was measured with the Visual Analog Pain Scale and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 . medical encounter was videotaped in its entirety and later analyzed using the Davis Observation Code to characterize physician practice style . satisfaction was measured immediately after the visit . review of the medical record was used to assess physician recognition of patient pain . all patients ( N = 509 ) , as the amount of pain increased , the percentage of patients having pain diagnosed by the physician also increased . patients reported a greater amount of pain than male patients . women were in severe pain , they were more likely than men to have their pain accurately recognized by their physician . correct diagnosis of pain was not significantly related to patient satisfaction . practice styles emphasizing technically oriented activities and health behavior discussions were strongly predictive of the physician diagnosing patient pain . diagnosis of pain is influenced by the severity of patient pain , patient gender , and physician practice style . the routine use of pain assessment tools is found to be effective in improving physician recognition and treatment of patients ' pain , then application of these tools in patient care settings should be encouraged ."
4353,Abstract #4353,"ultrasonography produces controlled waves that image dermal and subdermal structures in real time , with precise thermal coagulation points in a linear pattern , for eventual nonsurgical lifting . authors evaluate the effectiveness of single and dual planes of ultrasound treatment by varying the directions of treatment lines , depths , and cumulative joule energies and compare the safety and efficacy of treatment with these variations . this prospective , 2-part study , patients were treated by single - or dual-treatment depth with differing directions of treatment lines while the number of treatment lines and amount of energy delivered to brows or marionette lines remained constant ( Study 1 ) or with lower or higher joule energy to opposing areas while the dual depths and number of vectored lines remained constant ( Study 2 ) . was measured using the matched-orientation function of specific mirroring software . outcomes were assessed with global aesthetic improvement scales . vectoring of 15 treatment lines in both tissue depths produced significant lifting over the 15 horizontally-placed treatment lines in the opposing brows and marionette lines . with more treatment lines and higher joule energy at dual depths resulted in significantly greater lifting ( Study 2 ) . effects were minimal . ultrasound therapy to facial tissues is safe and effective when performed as described ."
4354,Abstract #4354,"impairment in schizophrenia is frequent , involves multiple domains , and is enduring . recent clinical trials have suggested that second-generation antipsychotic medications significantly enhance cognition in schizophrenia . , none of these studies included healthy controls undergoing repeated testing to assess the possibility that improvements might reflect simple practice effects . report the results on cognition of a randomized comparison of 2 widely prescribed second-generation antipsychotic medications , olanzapine and risperidone , in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and a healthy control group . clinical trial . research units . A total of 104 participants with first-episode schizophrenia and 84 healthy controls . assessment of all study participants occurred at baseline , 6 weeks later , and 16 weeks later . tests included measures of working memory and attention , speed , motor function , episodic memory , and executive function . differential drug effects were observed . 16 cognitive measures , 9 demonstrated improvement over time and only 2 demonstrated greater rates of change than those observed in the healthy control group undergoing repeated assessment . composite effect size for cognitive change was 0.33 in the healthy control group ( attributed to practice ) and 0.36 in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia . in cognition in the first-episode schizophrenia group could not be accounted for by medication dose , demographic variables , or intellectual level . cognitive improvements observed in the trial were consistent in magnitude with practice effects observed in healthy controls , suggesting that some of the improvements in cognition in the first-episode schizophrenia group may have been due to practice effects ( ie , exposure , familiarity , and/or procedural learning ) . results also indicated that differential medication effects on cognition were small . believe that these findings have important implications for drug discovery and the design of registration trials that attempt to demonstrate cognitive enhancement ."
4355,Abstract #4355,"paper reports on the recruitment of a multicenter study on ambulant prophylactic treatment of schizophrenic disorders . a study of the relapse-preventative effect of different dose patterns of Flupentixol , a screening phase was carried out among of 1129 schizophrenic patients . aim of the screening phase was to establish the criteria for exclusion or inclusion in the treatment phase of the study . 62 patients could be included . reason for 54 patients not being included was a lack of compliance from either the patient or the clinician . meaning of patient - and therapist-compliance in carrying out a multicenter study is also discussed ."
4356,Abstract #4356,"the optimal timing of the institution of antiandrogen therapy for prostate cancer is controversial , we compared immediate and delayed treatment in patients who had minimal residual disease after radical prostatectomy . men who underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy and who were found to have nodal metastases were randomly assigned to receive immediate antiandrogen therapy , with either goserelin , a synthetic agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone , or bilateral orchiectomy , or to be followed until disease progression . patients were assessed quarterly during the first year and then semiannually . a median of 7.1 years of follow-up , 7 of 47 men who received immediate antiandrogen treatment had died , as compared with 18 of 51 men in the observation group ( P = 0.02 ) . cause of death was prostate cancer in 3 men in the immediate-treatment group and in 16 men in the observation group ( P < 0.01 ) . the time of the last follow-up , 36 men in the immediate-treatment group ( 77 percent ) and 9 men in the observation group ( 18 percent ) were alive and had no evidence of recurrent disease , including undetectable serum prostate-specific antigen levels ( P < 0.001 ) . the observation group , the disease recurred in 42 men ; 13 of the 36 who were treated had a complete response to local treatment or hormonal therapy ( or both ) , 16 died of prostate cancer , and 1 died of another disease . remaining men in this group were alive with progressive disease at the time of the last follow-up or had had a recent relapse . for the treatment group ( immediate therapy or observation ) , no clinical or histologic characteristic significantly influenced the outcome . antiandrogen therapy after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy improves survival and reduces the risk of recurrence in patients with node-positive prostate cancer ."
4357,Abstract #4357,"aim of this study was to analyse the radiographic findings of the screening mammograms of women with interval cancer who participated in a multi-centre , randomized , controlled trial of mammographic screening in women from age 40-48 years . screening and diagnostic mammograms of 208 women with interval cancers were reviewed . were classified as malignant , subtle and non-specific . ( 42 % ) of women had true , 66 ( 32 % ) occult and 55 ( 26 % ) false-negative interval cancers . features most frequently missed or misinterpreted were granular microcalcification ( 38 % ) , asymmetric density ( 27 % ) and distortion ( 22 % ) . percent of abnormal previous screens were classified as malignant , 39 % subtle change and 21 % as non-specific . calcifications were significantly more common on the diagnostic mammograms of false-negative interval cancers than those of true interval cancers ( 28 versus 14 % , p = 0.04 ) . interval cancers were more likely to be < 10 mm and < 15 mm in invasive pathological size than other interval cancers ( p = 0.03 and 0.005 , respectively ) . interval cancers were more likely to be histologically grade 3 than other interval cancers ( p = 0.04 ) . who developed true and false-negative interval cancers had similar background patterns , but women with occult cancers had a higher proportion of dense patterns ( p < 0.05 ) . cancers in a young screening population have a high proportion of occult lesions that are small and occur in dense background patterns . proportion of interval cancers that are false negative is similar that seen in older populations and granular microcalcification is the commonest missed mammographic feature ."
4358,Abstract #4358,"activity ( PA ) has documented health benefits , but older Latinos are less likely to engage in leisure time PA than older non-Latino whites . holds a promise as a culturally appropriate form of PA that challenges individuals physically and cognitively . paper describes a randomized controlled trial that will test the efficacy of BAILAMOS , a 4-month Latin dance program followed by a 4-month maintenance program , for improving lifestyle PA and health outcomes . adults ( n = 332 ) , aged 55 + , Latino/Hispanic , Spanish speaking , with low PA levels , and at risk for disability will be randomized to one of two programs , a dance program or health education control group . is a 4-month program that meets two times per week for one 1h per session . sessions focus on instruction , including four styles of dance , and couples dancing . Fiestas de Baile ( dance parties ) are also included , in which participants dance and practice what they have learned . 1-hour discussion sessions utilize a Social Cognitive framework and focus on knowledge , social support , and self-efficacy to increase lifestyle PA. . health education control group will meet one time per week for two 2h per session . outcomes including PA changes and secondary outcomes including self-efficacy , physical function , cognitive function , and disability will be assessed at baseline , 4 , and 8 months . is hypothesized that PA , self-efficacy , physical function , cognitive function , and functional limitations and disability scores will be significantly better in the BAILAMOS group at 4 and 8 months compared to the control group ."
4359,Abstract #4359,"SPARCL , treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg daily reduced stroke risk in patients with recent stroke or TIA and no known coronary heart disease by 16 % versus placebo over 4.9 years of follow-up . purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine whether men and women similarly benefited from randomization to statin treatment . effect of sex on treatment-related reductions in stroke and other cardiovascular outcomes were analyzed with Cox regression modeling testing for sex by treatment interactions . ( n = 1908 ) constituted 40 % of the SPARCL study population . baseline , men ( n = 2823 ) were younger ( 62.0 + / -0.21 versus 63.9 + / -0.27 years ) , had lower systolic BPs ( 138.1 + / -0.35 versus 139.5 + / -0.47 mm Hg ) , higher diastolic BPs ( 82.2 + / -0.20 versus 81.0 + / -0.25 mm Hg ) , more frequently had a history of smoking ( 73 % versus 38 % ) , and had lower total cholesterol ( 207.0 + / -0.54 versus 218.9 + / -0.67 mg/dL ) and LDL-C levels ( 132 + / -0.45 versus 134 + / -0.57 mg/dL ) than women . of antithrombotics and antihypertensives were similar . prespecified adjustment for region , entry event , time since event , and age , there were no sex by treatment interactions for the combined risk of nonfatal and fatal stroke ( treatment Hazard Ratio , HR = 0.84 , 95 % CI 0.68 , 1.02 in men versus HR = 0.84 , 95 % CI 0.63 , 1.11 in women ; treatment x sex interaction P = 0.99 ) , major cardiac events ( HR = 0.61 , 95 % CI 0.42 , 0.87 in men versus HR = 0.76 , 95 % CI 0.48 , 1.21 in women ; P = 0.45 ) , major cardiovascular events ( HR = 0.78 , 95 % CI 0.65 , 0.93 in men versus HR = 0.84 , 95 % CI 0.65 , 1.07 in women ; P = 0.63 ) , revascularization procedures ( HR = 0.50 , 95 % CI 0.37 , 0.67 in men versus HR = 0.76 , 95 % CI 0.46 , 1.24 in women ; P = 0.17 ) , or any CHD event ( HR = 0.54 , 95 % CI 0.41 , 0.72 in men versus 0.67 95 % CI 0.46 , 0.98 in women ; P = 0.40 ) . and other cardiovascular events are similarly reduced with atorvastatin 80 mg/d in men and women with recent stroke or TIA ."
4360,Abstract #4360,"investigate the effect using irrigation fluid at body temperature ( isothermic ) on patients ' ( core ) temperature during a transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) and on the amount of peri-operative blood loss , the resection time and the subjective assessment of comfort by the patients . a randomized study , patients undergoing TURP under spinal anaesthesia were divided into those receiving either isothermic irrigation fluid ( Group 1.28 patients ) or fluid at room temperature ( Group 2.31 patients ) . Group 1 , a fluid heater maintained the irrigation fluid at body temperature until it reached the bladder . body temperature of the patients was recorded rectally and orally during and after TURP and the peri-operative blood loss was also measured . patients were interviewed on the first day after TURP to determine their assessment of comfort during the procedure . decrease in body temperature was 0.74 degree C in Group 1 and 1.71 degrees C in Group 2 , which was significantly different ( P < 0.001 ) . was no significant difference in blood loss or resection-time . Group 1 , only four ( 14 % ) of the patients were aware that their body was cooler , compared to 15 ( 50 % ) in Group 2 ( P = 0.038 ) . irrigation during TURP prevents excessive cooling and reduces the level of hypothermia . reported increased mortality after TURP is probably related to peri-operative cardiac stress , an important factor which could be caused by the rapid decrease in body temperature which accompanies normal irrigation . the heating equipment presently available does not interfere with TURP , there are strong arguments for performing every TURP with irrigation fluid at body temperature ."
4361,Abstract #4361,"all early cases of knee osteoarthritis have degenerative medial meniscus lesions accompanying the chondral defects on MRI . is difficult to determine if the symptoms are caused by the unstable meniscus or by osteoarthritis , hence unclear guidance towards treatment . , therefore , aimed to determine the clinical improvement following arthroscopic meniscectomy compared to intraarticular administration of corticosteroids for degenerative ruptures of the medial meniscus in the presence of early stage medial compartment knee osteoarthritis . included 120 consecutive cases of nontraumatic symptomatic knees which had degenerative lesions of the medial compartment ( cartilage and meniscus ) on MRI 's . were randomized to receive either intraarticular steroid injection or arthroscopic debridement . also analyzed the correlation between BMI , age , gender , MRI , intraoperative aspect of the meniscus and cartilage and clinical improvement using the Oxford Knee Score up to one year . one month there was significant improvement of the scores for all the examined cases . at one month , the arthroscopic group performed better in terms of symptom improvement . was maintained for 79 % of the knees in the arthroscopic group and 61 % in the intraarticular steroid injection respectively , out of those available for follow up at one year . one month , symptoms reappeared for 12 patients in the steroid group and 7 in the arthroscopy respectively . and age did not correlate with treatment , whereas extrusion of the meniscus , bone marrow edema , duration of the clinical symptoms , obesity and a low preoperative score were negative prognostic factors . medial meniscal tears , in the presence of osteoarthritis , can only marginally benefit from arthroscopic debridement over intraarticular steroid injections in short term follow up . considering individual cases , factors become more predictive when analyzed in group ."
4362,Abstract #4362,"observe the intervention effects of Liandou Qingmai Recipe ( LQR ) on atherogenic indices of plasma ( AIP ) and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) level in patients with coronary heart disease ( CHD ) . CHD patients were randomly assigned to two groups , 35 patients in the treatment group and 33 in the control group , all were treated by the regular CHD treatment , but to patients in the treatment group , LQR was given additionally . value was calculated before and after treatment through measuring plasma levels of triglyceride ( TG ) , high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C and LDL-C ) . , the levels of hs-CRP and peripheral blood leucocyte ( PBL ) were observed as well . significant difference existed between groups in all the detected parameters before treatment ( P > 0.05 ) . treatment , levels of LDL-C , HDL-C , hs-CRP and PBL lowered significantly in the control group , but the changes of AIP and TG were insignificant ( P > 0.05 ) ; while in the treatment group , all the parameters lowered significantly , with the levels of AIP , TG , hs-CRP and PBL significantly lower than those in the control group respectively ( P < 0.05 ) . can decrease levels of AlP and hs-CRP in CHD patients , amplify the diameters of LDL-C granule , and further lower hs-CRP and PLB levels , showing anti-atherosclerosis and anti-inflammation effects ."
4363,Abstract #4363,"( CHX ) mouth rinse/spray can still be considered the gold standard in the chemical prevention of plaque formation and development of gingivitis . product unfortunately has some side effects , such as extrinsic tooth staining , poor taste , taste disturbance , sensitivity changes in tongue , pain and irritation because of the alcohol content . side effects led to the search of new formulations . this double-blind , randomized , long-term , parallel study , 48 moderate periodontitis patients rinsed for 6 months ( starting immediately after a `` one-stage , full-mouth '' disinfection ) with one of the following products : CHX 0.2 % + alcohol ( Corsodyl ) , CHX 0.05 % + cetyl pyridinium chloride ( CPC ) 0.05 % and no alcohol ( Perio-Aid Maintenance , a new formulation ) , or the placebo of the latter . 1 , 3 and 6 months a series of clinical and microbiological parameters were recorded for the supra - and subgingival area as well as for saliva . there was a significant treatment impact ( mechanical debridement ) in all groups , both CHX solutions further decreased both plaque and gingivitis indices ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 , respectively ) , when compared with placebo . was also reflected by additional reductions in the number of CFU/ml of aerobic and especially anaerobic species and by a suppression of Streptococcus mutans ( versus an overgrowth for the placebo ) , in all niches . between both CHX solutions were never encountered . subjective ratings were slightly in favour of the new CHX-CPC formulation when compared with the other CHX-alcohol formulation , especially for taste of the product ( p < 0.05 ) , but less impressive for the staining of teeth and tongue . results of this study demonstrated the potential of a new CHX 0.05 % + CPC 0.05 % non-alcoholic formulation as an effective antiplaque agent for long-term use with reduced subjective side effects ."
4364,Abstract #4364,"products of human breast carcinoma cells , including membrane-associated phospholipase A2 ( M-PLA2 ) , polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase ( PMN-E ) , tissue-type plasminogen activator ( t-PA ) , urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( u-PA ) , and endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) , have been implicated in the processes of tumor cell invasion and metastasis in human breast carcinoma . , the prognostic significance of these factors has not been assessed previously in node-negative breast carcinoma , in which adjuvant treatment is dependent on risk stratification . five products of breast carcinoma cells were measured in 184 patients with node-negative breast carcinoma who were enrolled in the Kumamoto Adjuvant Chemo-Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer prospective randomized trial , and the predictive values of these factors for relapse-free and overall survival were evaluated . , PMN-E , and t-PA were found to be significant independent predictors of relapse-free and overall survival , whereas u-PA and ET-1 were not independently predictive . statistical analyses showed that the predictive powers of M-PLA2 , PMN-E , and t-PA were additive . combination of these three factors identified a group of patients ( approximately 50 % of those who manifested node-negative breast carcinoma ) with a favorable prognosis , regardless of the administration of adjuvant therapy . study identified three biologic factors that are valuable predictors of survival in node-negative breast carcinoma . combination of these biologic factors may allow identification of low-risk patients who could be spared adjuvant therapy ."
4365,Abstract #4365,"cancer patients experience persistent fatigue after the completion of chemotherapy . previous single-arm study provided evidence for an effect of acupuncture in this population . conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine whether acupuncture reduces post-chemotherapy chronic fatigue more effectively than sham acupuncture . patients reporting significant fatigue persisting for at least 2months following the completion of chemotherapy were randomized to receive once weekly true or sham acupuncture for 6weeks . was evaluated before and after treatment using the Brief Fatigue Inventory ( BFI , the primary endpoint ) . endpoints included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ( HADS ) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-General ( FACT-G ) scores . hundred one patients were randomized with 74 ( 34 true acupuncture ; 40 sham control ) evaluated for the primary endpoint . scores fell by about one point between baseline and follow-up in both groups with no statistically significant difference between groups . and FACT-G scores also improved in both groups , but there was no significant difference between groups . in the sham acupuncture group crossed over to receive true acupuncture in week 7 . long-term reduction of fatigue scores was observed at the 6-month evaluation . acupuncture as provided in this study did not reduce post-chemotherapy chronic fatigue more than did sham acupuncture . study is limited by the number of patients lost to follow-up . also can not exclude the possibility that a more intensive treatment regimen may be more effective ."
4366,Abstract #4366,"explore knowledge and use of female condoms in China , and to compare four modes of failure between the Phoenurse female condom ( PFC ) and the second-generation Femidom female condom ( FC2 ) . a randomized , crossover trial , sexually active women aged 20-49years who attended a family planning service in Qingdao , China , were recruited between April and October , 2013 . computer-generated randomized sequence was used to assign participants ( 1:1 ) to group A ( used 10 PFCs followed by 10 FC2s ) or group B ( used 10 FC2s followed by 10 PFCs ) . investigators and participants were masked to allocation . completed questionnaires at baseline and after using the two types of FCs . also kept coital logs . baseline , 30 ( 10.3 % ) of 290 participants understood female condoms , but only 1 ( 0.3 % ) had ever used one . failure rates were 3.6 % ( 420/11 578 ) and 2.3 % ( 265/11 594 ) for PFC and FC2 , respectively ( P < 0.001 ) . was the most common form of failure , affecting 6.9 % of PFC uses and 5.0 % of FC2 uses . , misdirection , and slippage were significantly more common with the PFC than with the FC2 ( P0 .002 ) . of female condoms is poor in China . is more common with the PFC than with the FC2 ."
4367,Abstract #4367,"a recent large phase III study , previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received pemetrexed demonstrated a survival time similar to patients who received docetaxel ( median , 8.3 months with pemetrexed versus 7.9 months with docetaxel ) , with a more favorable toxicity profile , and significantly fewer Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3/4 toxicities . is a retrospective risk-benefit analysis of survival without grade 3/4 toxicity , defined as the time to the first occurrence of Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3 or 4 toxicity or death , in the prospective phase III study comparing pemetrexed with docetaxel . total of 541 patients ( of 571 randomized ) received either pemetrexed ( 500 mg/m intravenously [ IV ] ) supplemented with vitamin B12 injections and oral folic acid or docetaxel ( 75 mg/m IV ) on day 1 of 21-day cycles . without grade 3/4 toxicity was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods . demonstrated a statistically significantly longer survival without grade 3/4 toxicity compared with docetaxel ( hazard ratio = 0.60 , 95 % confidence interval : 0.50-0 .72 ; p < 0.0001 ) . supportive analysis based on selected grade 3/4 toxicities ( neutropenia lasting > 5 days , febrile neutropenia , infection with neutropenia , anemia , thrombocytopenia , fatigue , nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , stomatitis , and neurosensory events ) also demonstrated an advantage for pemetrexed ( hazard ratio = 0.53 ; 95 % confidence interval : 0.44-0 .64 ; p < 0.0001 ) . analysis of survival without grade 3/4 toxicity suggests a benefit-to-risk profile that favors pemetrexed over docetaxel in the second-line treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer ."
4368,Abstract #4368,"compare wound complications after Caesarean section in the obese patient , following early versus delayed skin staple removal . conducted a single-centre , non-inferiority , randomized controlled trial . Caesarean section , obese women ( BMI 30 kg/m ( 2 ) ) with subcutaneous wound depth 2.0 cm and skin staple closure of a transverse incision were randomized to staple removal on postoperative day 3 ( early ) or between postoperative day 7 and postoperative day 10 ( delayed ) . primary outcome was superficial wound dehiscence ; a rate of 8 % or higher in the early group was defined as inferior . outcomes were seroma/hematoma , surgical site infection , and visual analogue pain score . planned sample size was 250 patients per group . study was halted after 295 patients were randomized because of slow enrolment and exhaustion of funding . rate of superficial wound dehiscence was 15.2 % in the early group ( n = 145 ) versus 11.5 % in the delayed group ( n = 148 ) . point estimate for this difference ( 3.7 % ; 95 % CI -4.4 to 12.4 ) favours delayed removal . , because the 95 % CI includes zero and the upper CI exceeds the predefined limit for non-inferiority ( 8 % ) , non-inferiority was not demonstrated . rates of all secondary outcomes were similar in the early group and the delayed group : seroma/hematoma ( 6.9 % vs. 4.7 % ; RR 1.4 , 95 % CI 0.6 to 3.7 , P = 0.4 ) ; surgical site infection ( 9.7 % vs. 4.8 % ; RR 2.0 , 95 % CI 0.8 to 4.9 , P = 0.1 ) ; and composite ( superficial wound dehiscence , seroma/hematoma , and surgical site infection ) wound complication ( 17.2 % vs. 12.8 % ; RR 1.3 , 95 % CI 0.8 to 2.3 , P = 0.3 ) . non-inferiority of early skin staple removal was not demonstrated . removal of staples should remain the accepted standard in the obese patient following Caesarean section ."
4369,Abstract #4369,"controlled trial comparing OP-1 ( rhBMP-7 ) with iliac crest autograft in patients with symptomatic degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis treated with decompression and uninstrumented posterolateral arthrodesis . determine the safety and the clinical and radiographic efficacy of OP-1 ( rhBMP-7 ) Putty as compared with an iliac crest bone autograft control in uninstrumented , single-level posterolateral spinal arthrodesis . and preliminary clinical data have demonstrated successful fusion and clinical outcomes with the use of OP-1 Putty in posterolateral spinal arthrodesis . prior randomized controlled trial with adequate study power has been performed . total of 335 patients were randomized in 2:1 fashion to receive either OP-1 Putty or autograft in the setting of an uninstrumented posterolateral arthrodesis performed for degenerative spondylolisthesis and symptomatic spinal stenosis . were observed serially with radiographs , clinical examinations , and appropriate clinical indicators , including ODI , Short-Form 36 , and visual analog scale scores . samples were examined at regular intervals to assess the presence of antibodies to OP-1 . primary end point , Overall Success , was analyzed at 24 months . study was extended to include additional imaging data and long-term clinical follow-up at 36 + months . the 36 + month time point , CT scans were obtained in addition to plain radiographs to evaluate the presence and location of new bone formation . Overall Success , including improvements in ODI , absence of retreatment , neurologic success , absence of device-related serious adverse events , angulation and translation success , and new bone formation by CT scan ( at 36 + months ) , was then calculated using the 24-month primary clinical endpoints , updated retreatment data , and CT imaging and radiographic end points . Putty was demonstrated to be statistically equivalent to autograft with respect to the primary end point of modified overall success . use of OP-1 Putty when compared to autograft was associated with statistically lower intraoperative blood loss and shorter operative times . patients in the OP-1 Putty group demonstrated an early propensity for formation of anti-OP-1 antibodies , this resolved completely in all patients with no clinical sequelae . Putty is a safe and effective alternative to autograft in the setting of uninstrumented posterolateral spinal arthrodesis performed for degenerative spondylolisthesis and symptomatic spinal stenosis ."
4370,Abstract #4370,"literature documents many individual predictors of treatment engagement among mental health clients in community settings , but few studies have examined clinic characteristics that may be associated with treatment engagement . data from a patient activation and self-management trial , this study examined the variation in demographic and clinic characteristics across community mental health clinics and whether this variation predicted differences in treatment engagement in mental health services . reviews were conducted for 638 clients of 12 community mental health clinics . attendance records were collected for a one-year period to examine engagement ( defined as the ratio of kept versus scheduled appointments ) . for client variability , the investigators examined which clinic-level characteristics were associated with treatment engagement . varied significantly in their clients ' demographic characteristics and engagement in mental health care . case management and offering transportation vouchers or free parking at the clinic were associated with lower engagement . , offering outreach was associated with greater engagement . results of this study suggest that certain clinic characteristics are associated with engagement in mental health services . results demonstrate the difficulties faced by community mental health clinics in reducing no-show rates even in the face of strong efforts to improve engagement ."
4371,Abstract #4371,"formulations and administration routes of established drugs may result in higher maximum concentrations or total exposures and potentially cause previously unrecognized adverse events . study evaluated the proarrhythmic potential of hydroxypropyl -- cyclodextrin ( HPCD ) - diclofenac , a novel injectable diclofenac formulation solubilized with hydroxypropyl -- cyclodextrin ( HPCD ) , on ventricular electrical conduction in preclinical and clinical models . assessed the effects of diclofenac , HPCD , and HPCD-diclofenac on the human delayed rectifier potassium channel ( IKr ) using human embryonic kidney ( HEK ) 293 cells transfected with a human ether -- go-go-related gene ( hERG ) using whole-cell patch-clamp . a single-dose , active - and placebo-controlled , 4-period crossover , thorough QT in vivo study , 70 healthy volunteers ( mean age , 23.3 years ; range , 18-49 years ; 55.75 % male ) received HPCD-diclofenac at 37.5 - and 75-mg doses , inactive vehicle ( placebo ) , and an active control ( moxifloxacin ) . vitro , diclofenac produced no statistically significant effect on IKr . , non-dose-dependent effects were observed in the presence of HPCD or HPCD-diclofenac of similar magnitude across the 300-fold dose range of concentrations tested , suggesting an artifact due to the detergent effect of HPCD in this in vitro model . vivo , neither HPCD-diclofenac dose resulted in QTc prolongation 2 ms ( 5 ms is the threshold of clinical concern ) . correlation was evident between changes in QTc and plasma concentrations of diclofenac or HPCD . study sensitivity , moxifloxacin produced a mean QTc prolongation > 10 ms. findings from the present study suggest that HPCD-diclofenac does not have a dose-dependent effect in the in vitro hERG assay system and does not produce proarrhythmic QTc prolongation in vivo . identifier : NCT01812538 ."
4372,Abstract #4372,"electrocardiographic monitoring systems are frequently used in the outpatient evaluation of symptoms suggestive of a cardiac arrhythmia ; however , they have a low yield in the identification of clinically significant but infrequent , brief , and/or intermittently symptomatic arrhythmias . purpose of this study was to compare the relative value of a mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry system ( MCOT ) with a patient-activated external looping event monitor ( LOOP ) for symptoms thought to be due to an arrhythmia . study was a 17-center prospective clinical trial with patients randomized to either LOOP or MCOT for up to 30 days . with symptoms of syncope , presyncope , or severe palpitations who had a nondiagnostic 24-hour Holter monitor were randomized . primary endpoint was the confirmation or exclusion of a probable arrhythmic cause of their symptoms . total of 266 patients who completed the monitoring period were analyzed . diagnosis was made in 88 % of MCOT subjects compared with 75 % of LOOP subjects ( P = 0.008 ) . a subgroup of patients presenting with syncope or presyncope , a diagnosis was made in 89 % of MCOT subjects versus 69 % of LOOP subjects ( P = 0.008 ) . was superior in confirming the diagnosis of clinical significant arrhythmias , detecting such events in 55 of 134 patients ( 41 % ) compared with 19 of 132 patients ( 15 % ) in the LOOP group ( P < 0.001 ) . provided a significantly higher yield than standard cardiac loop recorders in patients with symptoms suggestive of a significant cardiac arrhythmia ."
4373,Abstract #4373,"instruments exist to measure dementia behaviors , but the nursing staff perspective on those behaviors and their level of burden has not been well measured . goal of this study was to examine the psychometric performance of the Modified Nursing Care Assessment Scale ( M-NCAS ) , a 28-item nurse rating of burden associated with care for institutionalized individuals with dementia . rate items in terms of extent to which the behavior or characteristic is present ( `` attitude '' domain ) , and extent to which it is a burden ( `` strain '' domain ) . from 282 patients enrolled in a 12-week , double-blind , randomized clinical trial comparing risperidone treatment to placebo was used to evaluate M-NCAS item performance , internal consistency reliability , and construct validity . subscales were identified via exploratory factor analysis ( EFA ) . poorly-performing items were deleted from further analyses . identified 3 `` attitude '' subscales and 5 `` strain '' subscales . 's alphas were 0.65 and above . with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and the BEHAVE-AD , clinical ratings of dementia behaviors , were low to moderate . M-NCAS provides a valid and reliable means of obtaining care burden ratings from formal caregivers in long-term care , and provides a method for evaluating dementia interventions from the perspective of nursing staff ."
4374,Abstract #4374,"oxide ( NO ) is among the most important regulators of ocular perfusion . , an amino acid , is the precursor of NO synthesis . aim of the present study was to determine whether administration of L-arginine affects ocular blood flow . ( 1 g/min ) or placebo was administered intravenously for 30 minutes in 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized , double-masked , two-way cross-over design . hemodynamics were measured before , in the last 10 minutes of the infusion period , as well as 30 minutes after cessation of the administration . vessel diameters were measured with a retinal vessel analyzer , red blood cell velocities with bidirectional laser Doppler velocimetry , and pulsatile choroidal blood flow was measured using laser interferometry . significantly decreased mean arterial pressure by -8 + / - 5 % and -6 + / - 7 % at the two time points ( P < .01 ) , respectively . administration of L-arginine increased choroidal blood flow by +10 + / - 6 % and +12 + / - 7 % , respectively . venous diameters decreased by -2.5 + / - 2.1 % and -1.4 + / - 2.7 % , respectively , whereas red blood cell velocity significantly increased after administration of L-arginine by +22 + / - 23 % and +20 + / - 19 % at the two time points . , calculated blood flow in retinal veins , increased by +21 + / - 18 % and +21 + / - 19 % before and after the end of L-arginine infusion . administration of L-arginine increases retinal and choroidal blood flow in healthy volunteers . this effect is related to an increased NO-production or an unidentified mechanism remains to be clarified . , administration of L-arginine might be an interesting new approach to therapeutically increase ocular blood flow in ocular vascular disease ."
4375,Abstract #4375,"determine if a mandatory radiology consultation service can decrease radiology resource use on inpatient internal medicine services . controlled trial on 4 internal medicine services at a university hospital . radiologists performed the intervention on 2 internal medicine services over a 12-month period . total of 1022 patients were admitted to the 2 intervention services and 1178 patients were admitted to the 2 control services . was staffed by an attending internist and 3 house officers . radiology examination required approval by the attending radiologist before it was performed . resource costs ( relative value units [ RVUs ] ) , number of examinations per patient , proportion of patients with 1 or more tests , and mean length of stay ( LOS ) . RVUs for the intervention group were 356.1 , and for the control group , 336.0 ( P = .5 ) . examinations per patient for both groups was 4.4 . LOS for the intervention group was 6.0 days , and for the control group , 6.1 days ( P = .8 ) . inpatient radiology consultation service , with a goal to reduce resource use , did not achieve its goal . more appropriate use of time and expense for radiology utilization management may be in the outpatient setting ."
4376,Abstract #4376,"reflux disease is a very common affection , and esophageal involvement is particularly frequent . means to effectively control symptoms and improve esophageal inflammation in these patients is to reduce esophageal acid exposure . this purpose , we use gastric proton pump inhibitor , that can suppress gastric acid secretion . compare the effectiveness of two different pantoprazole dosage regimens ( 20 and 40 mg/day ) , in controlling symptoms and healing esophageal lesions of patients with mild erosive esophagitis . patients with endoscopically confirmed mild erosive esophagitis characterized as non-confluent erosions in the distal esophagus , were randomly to be treated either with pantoprazole 20 mg/day ( group I , 28 patients ) or 40 mg/day ( group II , 29 patients ) over a period of 4 weeks . treatment completion , the patients were assessed for clinical and endoscopic outcome , i.e. , absence of erosions in distal esophagus and improvement of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms . the end of the treatment , 73.1 % of the patients in group I and 85.7 % of the patients in group II had endoscopic improvement . also observed , that 88.5 % of the patients in group I and 92.9 % of the patients in group II had complete elimination of heartburn and regurgitation . dosage regimens of 20 mg/day and 40 mg/day provide equivalent effectiveness in controlling symptoms and healing esophageal lesions of mild esophagitis ."
4377,Abstract #4377,"with substance use disorders ( SUDs ) experience increased smoking-related morbidity and mortality but severely compromised smoking treatment benefits . SUD treatment settings may be particularly positioned to target smoking , with ever-increasing smoking bans and culture shifts , but most smokers continue smoking . study examined the effects of contingency management ( CM ) for increasing smoking abstinence in residential patients . interested in quitting were recruited from a residential SUD program for men and were randomized to frequent smoking monitoring with behavioral support ( monitoring ; n = 21 ) or that plus smoking abstinence-contingent ( expired carbon monoxide [ CO ] 6 ppm ; urinary cotinine 30ng/ml ) incentives ( CM , n = 24 ) for 4 weeks . setting a quit date , procedures included daily behavioral support and smoking self-reports , 2 CO samples ( a.m. / p.m. ) Monday through Friday , and cotinine tests on Mondays . participants received escalating draws for prizes ( $ 1 , $ 20 , and $ 100 values ) for negative tests ; positive and missed samples reset draws . involved samples , self-reported smoking , and self-efficacy ( weeks 4 , 8 , 12 , and 24 ) . days CO-negative was higher with CM ( median [ interquartile range ] 51.7 % [ 62.8 % ] ) compared to monitoring ( 0 % [ 32.1 % ] ) ( p = .002 ) . per day declined and point-prevalence abstinence increased through follow-up ( p < .01 ) , without significant group by time effects ( p > .05 ) . self-efficacy increased overall during the intervention and more with CM compared to monitoring and was associated with abstinence across conditions through follow-up . improved some measures of response to smoking treatment in residential SUD patients ."
4378,Abstract #4378,"purpose of this study was to assess the effect of oral azimilide dihydrochloride ( AZ ) 100 mg versus placebo on the onset , termination , and prevalence of atrial fibrillation ( AF ) in a subpopulation of patients in the Azimilide Postinfarct Survival Evaluation ( ALIVE ) trial . clinical trials have demonstrated the antiarrhythmic effects of AZ in patients with AF . was investigated for its effects on mortality in patients with depressed left ventricular ( LV ) function after recent myocardial infarction ( MI ) and in a subpopulation of patients with AF . total of 3,381 post-MI patients with depressed LV function were enrolled in this randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind study of AZ 100 mg on all-cause mortality . total of 93 patients had AF on the baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram ( ECG ) . additional 27 patients developed AF after initially being in sinus rhythm at randomization . patients were identified through 12-lead ECGs obtained during routine visits at week 2 , months 1 , 4 , 8 , and 12 . with AF at baseline had a higher mortality than those without AF ( p = 0.0006 ) . AF patients , there was no difference in mortality between AZ patients and placebo patients ( p = 0.82 ) . AZ patients developed AF than placebo patients ( p = 0.04 ) . AZ patients than placebo patients converted to sinus rhythm , but this difference did not achieve statistical significance ( p = 0.076 ) . one-year follow-up , more AZ patients were in sinus rhythm than placebo patients ( p = 0.04 ) . was safe and effective AF therapy in patients with depressed LV function after an MI ."
4379,Abstract #4379,"comparatively analyze the toxicity of 4 treatment protocols in patients with acute myeloid leukemia ( AML ) , which were used in the Russian multicenter center in 1992 to 2009 . information obtained in 4 Russian multicenter studies conducted in 33 hematology departments of 26 cities and towns of the Russian Federation in 1992 to 2009 was analyzed . was made in 243 patients with AML ( median age 38 years ) in 1992-1995 , 396 patients ( median age 39 years ) in 1995-1999 , 392 patients ( median age 39 years ) in 2001-2006 , and 137 patients ( median age 40 years ) in 2006-2009 . analysis excluded patients with acute promyelocytic leukemias who were recruited in the AML-92 and AML-95 studies . patients ' statutory forms adequately filled in were 60-70 % therefore toxicity was analyzed on the basis of the data of 631 patients . baseline clinical and laboratory parameters in the patients enrolled in the studies in different years slightly differ in the count of leukocytes at the onset of the disease and in the level of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) : the recent studies revealed a larger number of high-risk group patients ( leukocytes more than 30 10 ( 9 ) ( / l ; LDH more than 500 units ) possibly due to the later diagnosis of AML . the studies , the number of complete remissions remained as before ( 55 % ) after the first course and increased from 65 to 78 % after the second course using cytosine arabinoside in high doses . treatment intensification , mortality in the induction period remained as before ( 19-21 % ) . mortality decreased from 18 to 10-13 % . long-term results of using the aggressive therapy did not differ from those obtained during the standard treatment protocols . duration of leucopenia after standard induction courses during the all studies remained equal ( 17-19 days ) ; the exclusion was a HAM course as the second induction course after which the duration of neutropenia was much more than that of the standard course ( 17 and 10 days , respectively ) . the study years , there was an increase in platelet transfusion volumes ( from 20 to 53 doses during the first course and from 7 to 28 doses during the second course ) and a reduction in the percentage of severe hemorrhagic complications . incidence of pneumonias remained at the same level ( 40-50 % ) during the induction courses and that of septic complications and necrotic enteropathy considerably decreased from 40-46 to 17-19 % . incidence of invasive aspergillosis during the current programs from AML treatment was 10 % ( two induction courses ) , that of invasive candidiasis was 4.7 % ( two induction courses ) . ; The long-term results of treatment for AML were virtually unchanged regardless significant therapy intensification . remained high during induction treatment and in the postremission period . cause is severe infectious complications developing during myelotoxic agranulocytosis . results of the analysis provide the basis for developing a new AML treatment protocol that should take into account all the merits and demerits of the previous protocols and provide a toxicity-treatment efficiency balance ."
4380,Abstract #4380,"is the most common degenerative disease in humans . usually begins in middle age and is progressive . pain in older people presents a significant obstacle in maintaining function and independence . studies have shown that music can improve motivation , elevate mood , and increase feelings of control in older people . purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to examine the influence of music as a nursing intervention on osteoarthritis pain in elders . were collected using the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire with 66 elders suffering from chronic osteoarthritis pain . in perceptions of pain were measured over 14 days in an experimental group who listened to music for 20 minutes daily and a control group who sat quietly for 20 minutes daily . participants completed the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire ( SF-MPQ ) on day 1 , 7 , and 14 of the study . of t-tests indicated that those who listened to music had less pain on both the Pain Rating Index on day 1 ( P = 0.001 ) , day 7 ( P = 0.001 ) and day 14 ( P = 0.001 ) and on the Visual Analogue Scale on day 1 ( P = 0.001 ) , day 7 ( P = 0.001 ) and day 14 ( P = 0.001 ) , when compared with those who sat quietly and did not listen to music . repeated measure analysis of variance controlling for pretest measures demonstrated a significant decrease in pain among experimental group participants when compared with the control group on the pain descriptor section of the SF-MPQ ( P = 0.001 ) and the visual analogue portion of the SF-MPQ ( P = 0.001 ) . to music was an effective nursing intervention for the reduction of chronic osteoarthritis pain in the community-dwelling elders in this study ."
4381,Abstract #4381,"cancer screening with low dose computed tomography ( CT ) has not yet been evaluated in randomized clinical trials , although several are underway . The Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial , 4104 smokers and previous smokers from 2004 to 2006 were randomized to either screening with annual low dose CT scans for 5 years or no screening . history of cigarette smoking of at least 20 pack years was required . participants have annual lung function tests , and questionnaires regarding health status , psychosocial consequences of screening , smoking habits , and smoking cessation . CT scans were performed in 2052 participants . nodules were classified according to size and morphology : ( 1 ) Nodules smaller than 5 mm and calcified ( benign ) nodules were tabulated , ( 2 ) Noncalcified nodules between 5 and 15 mm were rescanned after 3 months . the nodule increased in size or was larger than 15 mm the participant was referred for diagnostic workup . baseline 179 persons showed noncalcified nodules larger than 5 mm , and most were rescanned after 3 months : The rate of false-positive diagnoses was 7.9 % , and 17 individuals ( 0.8 % ) turned out to have lung cancer . of these had stage I disease . of 17 lung cancers at baseline were treated surgically , eight of these by video assisted thoracic surgery resection . may facilitate minimal invasive treatment and can be performed with a relatively low rate of false-positive screen results compared with previous studies on lung cancer screening ."
4382,Abstract #4382,"and obesity are associated with increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hsCRP ) levels . purpose of this study was to determine if weight loss diets differing in fat , protein , or carbohydrate composition differentially reduce hsCRP . ( preventing overweight using novel dietary strategies ) LOST was a 2-year trial of overweight and obese adults randomly allocated to one of four weight loss diets with targeted percentages of energy derived from fat , protein , and carbohydrates ( 20 , 15 , 65 % ; 20 , 25 , 55 % ; 40 , 15 , 45 % ; 40 , 25 , 35 % , respectively ) . was measured at baseline , 6 , and 24 months among 710 participants , and adiposity as measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry ( N = 340 ) or abdominal computed tomography ( N = 126 ) was correlated with hsCRP change . 6 months , hsCRP was reduced in all trial participants by -24.7 % ( Interquartile range ( IQR ) +7 % , -50 % ) , weight by -6.7 % ( IQR -3 % , -11 % ) , and waist circumference by -6.0 % ( IQR -3 % , -10 % ) ( all P < 0.002 ) , with no significant differences according to dietary composition . percent change in hsCRP at 6 and 24 months correlated modestly with change in weight , waist circumference , fasting insulin , fasting glucose , HOMA , and most lipid levels . in hsCRP persisted despite 50 % regain of weight by 24 months . percent change in hsCRP at 24 months significantly correlated with changes in total body fat ( r = 0.42 ) , total abdominal adiposity ( r = 0.52 ) , subcutaneous abdominal adiposity ( r = 0.52 ) , visceral adiposity ( r = 0.47 ) , and hepatic tissue density ( r = -0.34 ) ( all P < 0.0006 ) . loss decreased hsCRP by similar magnitude , irrespective of dietary composition . concerned about inflammation and cardiovascular risk should recommend weight loss diets most likely to succeed for their patients ."
4383,Abstract #4383,"breastfeeding increases survival and optimizes growth of low-birthweight ( LBW ) infants . supported , mothers can overcome the unique difficulties associated with breastfeeding from birth to 6 mo. . tested the efficacy of postnatal peer counselling among first-time mothers that aimed to increase exclusive breastfeeding of term LBW infants . a Manila hospital , 204 mothers were randomized into three groups . intervention groups receiving home-based counselling visits , one by counsellors trained in breastfeeding counselling ( n = 68 ) , the other by counsellors trained in general childcare ( n = 67 ) , were compared with a control group of mothers ( n = 69 ) who did not receive counselling . per cent of the participating pairs completed the trial . 6 mo , 44 % of the breastfeeding counselled mothers , 7 % childcare-counselled mothers and none of the mothers in the control group were exclusively breastfeeding . mothers in the breastfeeding counselled group than in the other groups were still breastfeeding at 6 mo. . infants who were exclusively breastfed for 6 mo did not have any diarrhoea . groups had improved mean weight-for-age Z-scores at 6 mo. . study has provided fundamental evidence of successful intervention to achieve 6 mo of exclusive breastfeeding among term LBW infants . improving health outcomes , enhanced breastfeeding offers a distinct possibility of disrupting the intergenerational cycle of undernourished women giving birth to LBW infants ."
4384,Abstract #4384,", a new sonic power toothbrush has been marketed . purpose of this study was to compare the plaque removal efficacy of a control rotation-oscillation power toothbrush ( Oral-B Triumph ) to this new sonic-powered toothbrush ( Sonicare FlexCare ) following a single brushing . study was a randomized , controlled , examiner-blind , two-treatment , four-period crossover design , which examined plaque removal with the two toothbrushes following replicate single uses in 48 subjects . was scored before and after brushing using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index ( TMQHPI ) . plaque scores were 2.87 for the sonic toothbrush and 2.85 for the rotation-oscillation toothbrush treatment groups . respect to all surfaces examined , the sonic toothbrush delivered an adjusted ( via Analysis of Covariance ) mean difference between baseline and post-brushing plaque scores of 0.95 , while the rotation-oscillation toothbrush delivered an adjusted mean difference of 1.06 . difference between treatment groups was statistically significant ( p = 0.003 ) . rotation-oscillation toothbrush delivered superior plaque removal by reducing plaque scores , on average , 12.1 % more than the new sonic toothbrush ."
4385,Abstract #4385,"white matter lesions ( WML ) are associated with cognitive impairment , and carotid revascularization with cognitive worsening or improvement . assessed the relation between WML severity and changes in cognition after carotid endarterectomy or stenting . with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis , enrolled in the International Carotid Stenting Study ( ISRCTN25337470 ) , underwent detailed neuropsychological examinations ( NPEs ) before and after 6 months . results were standardized into z-scores , from which a sum score was calculated . primary outcome was the mean difference ( MD ) in sum score between baseline and follow-up . in sum score were related to WML severity with the ` age-related white matter changes ' score , assessed on baseline MRI-FLAIR . groups were formed based on this score . patients had both baseline MRI and NPE , of these 77 had a calculable cognitive difference score . cognitive sum score at six months was worse than at baseline : MD , -0.21 ; 95 % CI , -0.32 to -0.09 . change in sum score did not depend on WML load : MD for no-to-mild WML , -0.15 ; 95 % CI , -0.39 to 0.09 , for moderate WML , -0.27 ; 95 % CI , -0.48 to -0.06 ; and for severe WML , -0.21 ; 95 % CI , -0.40 to -0.04 . did not change essentially after adjustment for baseline factors . functioning deteriorated after carotid revascularization , regardless of baseline WML burden ."
4386,Abstract #4386,"offers an alternative to methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence , and has the advantage of allowing alternate-day dosing . study is the first to examine the cost effectiveness of buprenorphine as maintenance treatment for heroin dependence in a primary care setting using economic and clinical data collected within a randomised trial . study was a randomised , open-label , 12-month trial of 139 heroin-dependent patients in a community setting receiving individualised treatment regimens of buprenorphine or methadone . who were currently on a methadone program ( n = 57 ; continuing therapy subgroup ) were analysed separately from new treatment recipients ( n = 82 ; initial therapy subgroup ) . study took a broad societal perspective and included health , crime and personal costs . on resource use and outcomes were a combination of clinical records and self report at interview . main outcomes were incremental cost per additional day free of heroin use and per QALY . analysis of uncertainty calculated the likelihood of net benefits for a range of acceptable money values of outcomes . costs were in 1999 Australian dollars ( DollarA ) . estimated mean number of heroin-free days did not differ significantly between those randomised to methadone ( 225 [ 95 % CI 91 , 266 ] ) , or buprenorphine ( 222 [ 95 % CI 194 , 250 ] ) over the year of the trial . was associated with an average 0.03 greater QALYs over 52 weeks ( not significant ) . total cost was DollarA 17,736 ( 95 % CI - DollarA 2981 , DollarA 38,364 ) with methadone and DollarA 11,916 ( 95 % CI DollarA 7697 , DollarA 16,135 ) with buprenorphine ; costs excluding crime were DollarA 4513 ( 95 % CI DollarA 3495 , DollarA 5531 ) and DollarA 5651 ( 95 % CI DollarA 4202 , DollarA 7100 ) . additional heroin-free days as the outcome , and crime costs included buprenorphine has a lower cost but less heroin-free days . crime costs are excluded buprenorphine has a higher cost and worse outcome than methadone . additional QALYs as the outcome , the cost effectiveness of buprenorphine is DollarA 39,404 if crime is excluded , but buprenorphine is dominant if crime is included . trial found no significant differences in costs or outcomes between methadone and buprenorphine maintenance in this particular setting . some of the results suggest that methadone may have a cost advantage , it is difficult to infer from the trial data that offering buprenorphine as an alternative would have a significant effect on total costs or outcomes . point estimates of costs and outcomes suggest that buprenorphine may have an advantage in those initiating therapy . confidence intervals were wide , however , and the likelihood of net benefits from substituting one treatment for another was close to 50 % ."
4387,Abstract #4387,"data indicate most adolescents and adults experience multiple , simultaneous risk behaviors . purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of a brief image-based multiple-behavior intervention ( MBI ) for college students . total of 303 college students were randomly assigned to : ( 1 ) a brief MBI or ( 2 ) a standard care control , with a 3-month postintervention follow-up . treatment by time multivariate analysis of variance interactions were significant for three of six behavior groupings , with improvements for college students receiving the brief MBI on alcohol consumption behaviors , F ( 6 , 261 ) = 2.73 , p = 0.01 , marijuana-use behaviors , F ( 4 , 278 ) = 3.18 , p = 0.01 , and health-related quality of life , F ( 5 , 277 ) = 2.80 , p = 0.02 , but not cigarette use , exercise , and nutrition behaviors . receiving the brief MBI also got more sleep , F ( 1 , 281 ) = 9.49 , p = 0.00 , than those in the standard care control . brief image-based multiple-behavior intervention may be useful in influencing a number of critical health habits and health-related quality-of-life indicators of college students ."
4388,Abstract #4388,"a growing interest in increasing parental involvement in teen driving , it is important to find out what parents are already doing . study assessed the content , delivery , rigidity , and consequences of 143 driving rules reported by 24 parent-teen dyads . included that driving rules covered the full range of concerns , especially night driving limits and passenger limits , and most parents and teens reported that violations would be followed by consequences , especially talk/warn or no driving . included that many rules were not very strict and only half showed parent-teen agreement on content . findings suggest that teen driving rules are not clearly defined ."
4389,Abstract #4389,"discovery that microRNAs ( miRNAs ) regulate proliferation , invasion and metastasis provides a principal molecular basis of tumor heterogeneity . distribution is an important characteristic of solid tumors , with significant hypoxia occurring in the center of tumors with low blood flow . distribution of miR-374a in breast tumors was examined as a factor likely to be important in breast cancer progression . tissue samples from 40 patients with breast cancer were classified into two groups : a highly invasive and metastatic group ( HIMG ) and a low-invasive and metastatic Group ( LIMG ) . were collected from the center and edge of each tumor . each group , six specimens were examined by microRNA array , and the remaining 14 specimens were used for real-time RT-qPCR , Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses . analysis was performed for the miRNAs and target proteins . was carried out during 28 months to 68 months after surgery , and survival data were analyzed . the LIMG , the relative content of miR-374a was lower in the center of the tumor than at its edge ; in the HIMG , it was lower at the edge of the tumor , and miR-374a levels were lower in breast cancer tissues than in normal tissues . was no difference between VEGF-A and VCAM-1 mRNA levels at the edge and center of the tumor ; however , we observed a significant difference between VEGF-A and VCAM-1 protein expression levels in these two regions . was a negative correlation between miR-374a and target protein levels . microvessel density ( MVD ) was lower in the center of the tumor than at its edge in HIMG , but the LIMG vessels were uniformly distributed . was a significant positive correlation between MVD and the number of lymph node metastases ( Pearson correlation , r = 0.912 , P < 0.01 ) . median follow-up time was 48.5 months . had higher rate of disease-free survival ( 100 % , P = 0.013 ) and longer median survival time ( 66 months ) than HIMG , which had a lower rate of 75 % and shorter median survival time ( 54 months ) . data demonstrated miR-374a to be differentially distributed in breast cancer ; VEGF-A and VCAM-1 mRNA had coincident distribution , and the distribution of teh respective proteins was uneven and opposite to that for the miR-374a . data might explain the differences in the distribution of MVD in breast cancer and variation in breast cancer prognosis ."
4390,Abstract #4390,"primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine which method of mobilization - ( 1 ) standardized exercises ( SE ) and continuous passive motion ( CPM ) , ( 2 ) SE and slider board ( SB ) therapy , using an inexpensive , nontechnical device that requires minimal knee active range of motion ( ROM ) , or ( 3 ) SE alone-achieved the maximum degree of knee ROM in the fIrst 6 months following primary total knee arthroplasty ( TKA ) . secondary purpose was to compare health-related quality of life among these 3 groups . subjects were 120 patients ( n = 40/group ) who received a TEA at a teaching hospital between June 1997 and July 1998 and who agreed to participate in the study . were examined preoperatively , at discharge , and at 3 and 6 months after surgery . examination consisted of measurement of knee ROM and completion of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities ( WOMAC ) Osteoarthritis Index and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey ( SF-36 ) . 3 treatment groups were similar with respect to age , sex , and diagnosis at the start of the study . were no differences in knee ROM or in WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index or SF-36 scores at any of the measurement intervals . rate of postoperative complications also was not different among the groups . postoperative rehabilitation regimens that focus on early mobilization of the patient are used , adjunct ROM therapies ( CPM and SB ) that are added to daily SE sessions are not required . months after TEA , patients attain a satisfactory level of knee ROM and function ."
4391,Abstract #4391,"is an investigational active cellular immunotherapy product designed to stimulate an immune response against prostate cancer . safety and efficacy of sipuleucel-T was evaluated in 2 identically designed , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trials ( D9901 and D9902A ) conducted in men with advanced prostate cancer . total of 225 patients were randomized in D9901 or D9902A to sipuleucel-T ( n = 147 ) or placebo ( n = 78 ) , given as 3 intravenous infusions approximately 2 weeks apart . were followed for survival until death or a prespecified cutoff of 36 months after randomization . the integrated analysis of D9901 and D9902A , patients randomized to sipuleucel-T demonstrated a 33 % reduction in the risk of death ( hazard ratio , 1.50 ; 95 % confidence interval , 1.10-2 .05 ; P = .011 ; log-rank ) . treatment effect remained strong after performing adjustments for imbalances in baseline prognostic factors , poststudy treatment chemotherapy use , and non-prostate cancer-related deaths . support for the activity of sipuleucel-T is provided by the correlation between a measure of the product 's potency , CD54 up-regulation , and overall survival . most common adverse events associated with treatment were chills , pyrexia , headache , asthenia , dyspnea , vomiting , and tremor . events were primarily grade 1 and 2 , with durations of 1 to 2 days . integrated results of D9901 and D9902A demonstrate a survival benefit for patients treated with sipuleucel-T compared with those treated with placebo . generally modest toxicity profile , coupled with the survival benefit , suggests a favorable risk-benefit ratio for sipuleucel-T in patients with advanced prostate cancer ."
4392,Abstract #4392,"evaluate patient acceptance and the clinical feasibility of carbon dioxide compared with normal saline for uterine distension in outpatient hysteroscopy . , randomized clinical trial . hysteroscopy clinic in a university hospital . hundred fifty-seven patients undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy . hysteroscopy was performed with carbon dioxide or normal saline with endometrial biopsy when indicated . for local anesthesia , cervical dilatation , view of uterine cavity , need to change from carbon dioxide to normal saline distension , procedure time , patient discomfort ( lower abdominal pain , shoulder tip pain , nausea ) and complications . dioxide was used for uterine distension in 79 women and normal saline was used in 78 . dilatation was required more often with carbon dioxide hysteroscopy , although there was no increased requirement for local anesthesia . vision was similar between the two media , but eight carbon dioxide cases had to be converted to liquid distension . times were significantly longer for carbon dioxide hysteroscopy as was the occurrence of bubbles during the procedure . abdominal pain and shoulder tip pain were significantly worse with carbon dioxide distension . the incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher with the use of carbon dioxide , the differences did not achieve statistical significance . use of normal saline for uterine distension had no adverse affects on the hysteroscopic view . provided a shorter operating time and was well accepted by patients . of its easy availability and low cost , normal saline is an excellent alternative to carbon dioxide in women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy ."
4393,Abstract #4393,"methods used to treat back problems in horses need to be assessed objectively . measure spinal mechanical nociceptive thresholds ( MNTs ) and evaluate the effects of chiropractic , massage and phenylbutazone , compared with active and inactive control groups . MNTs at 7 sites within the thoracolumbar and sacral regions were measured in 38 healthy mature horses exhibiting no clinical signs of lumbar pain . were assigned to one of 3 treatment groups : instrument-assisted chiropractic treatment , therapeutic massage and phenylbutazone ; or 2 control groups : ridden exercise ( active control ) or routine paddock turnout with no ridden exercise ( inactive control ) . measurements were repeated at 1 , 3 and 7 days post treatment . percentage change from baseline MNT values was calculated within groups . Day 7 , the median MNT had increased by 27 , 12 and 8 % in the chiropractic , massage and phenylbutazone groups , respectively . changes of < 1 % were seen within the active and inactive control groups . treatment and massage therapy increased spinal MNTs within horses not exhibiting signs of lumbar pain . algometry provides an objective tool to evaluate the effects of commonly used , but currently unproven treatment modalities on spinal MNTs . studies need to evaluate combined treatment effects and longer-term MNT changes in horses with documented back pain ."
4394,Abstract #4394,"study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adalimumab , a fully human , anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody administered subcutaneously , in the maintenance of response and remission in patients with moderate to severe Crohn 's disease ( CD ) . received open-label induction therapy with adalimumab 80 mg ( week 0 ) followed by 40 mg ( week 2 ) . week 4 , patients were stratified by response ( decrease in Crohn 's Disease Activity Index > or = 70 points from baseline ) and randomized to double-blind treatment with placebo , adalimumab 40 mg every other week ( eow ) , or adalimumab 40 mg weekly through week 56 . end points were the percentages of randomized responders who achieved clinical remission ( Crohn 's Disease Activity Index score < 150 ) at weeks 26 and 56 . percentage of randomized responders in remission was significantly greater in the adalimumab 40-mg eow and 40-mg weekly groups versus placebo at week 26 ( 40 % , 47 % , and 17 % , respectively ; P < .001 ) and week 56 ( 36 % , 41 % , and 12 % , respectively ; P < .001 ) . significant differences in efficacy between adalimumab eow and weekly were observed . patients receiving placebo discontinued treatment because of an adverse event ( 13.4 % ) than those receiving adalimumab ( 6.9 % and 4.7 % in the 40-mg eow and 40-mg weekly groups , respectively ) . patients who responded to adalimumab , both adalimumab eow and weekly were significantly more effective than placebo in maintaining remission in moderate to severe CD through 56 weeks . was well-tolerated , with a safety profile consistent with previous experience with the drug ."
4395,Abstract #4395,"cell therapy is an emerging treatment modality in cardiovascular disease . best cell type and delivery method in different cardiovascular diseases remain to be determined . MSC-HF trial is a phase 2 , single-center , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial of intramyocardial delivery of autologous bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells ( MSCs ) in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure . total of 60 patients will be randomized in a 2:1 pattern to receive intramyocardial injections of either MSCs or placebo . will be followed up for 12 months . marrow will be obtained by aspiration from the iliac crest . stromal cells will be isolated , and culture will be expanded for 6 to 8 weeks . total of 12 to 15 MSC or placebo injections will be placed in an ischemic viable region of the myocardium using the electromechanical NOGA-XP system ( Biologics Delivery Systems Group , Johnson & Johnson , Irwindale , CA ) . primary endpoint is change in left ventricle end-systolic volume , measured by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) or computed tomography ( CT ) at 6-month follow-up . endpoints are left ventricle ejection fraction , ventricular volumes , wall thickness , and systolic wall thickening measured by MRI or CT in addition to measurement of myocardial scar tissue by MRI . secondary endpoints are safety of treatment , clinical symptoms and functional capacity , weekly angina attacks , use of short-term nitroglycerine , and quality of life . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , clinical trial of intramyocardial delivery of MSCs in patients with ischemic heart failure has been set up to confirm the positive findings in open-labeled clinical trials ."
4396,Abstract #4396,"effectiveness of gonarthrosis treatment with standard methods alone and in combination with bioresonance . trial entered 75 patients with verified osteoarthrosis of the knee joints ( stage I-III by Y. Kellgren ) . were divided into two groups . patients of group I received standard combined therapy with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs , reducers of trophic processes , physiotherapy . patients of group 2 received the above standard therapy plus bioresonance treatment ( BRT ) . treatment course in both the groups took 5-6 weeks . were no statistical differences between the groups in age , sex , duration and severity of the disease . response was assessed by changes in clinical and laboratory , arthrological and arthrosonographic parameters before the treatment and 3 , 5-6 weeks , 12 months after it . response to treatment was significantly higher in group II ( 57.5 against 94 % ) . of synovitis and tendenitis relieved more also in group 2 ( 32.5 against 75 % ) . 2 patients retained mild pain at rest for a year , while in group I pains intensified by month 6 after the treatment . addition of BRT to standard therapy of gonarthrosis potentiates anesthetic , antiinflammatory and antiexudative effects ; prolongs therapeutic action . was well tolerated . effects were absent ."
4397,Abstract #4397,"Nudges '' that influence decision making through subtle cognitive mechanisms have been shown to be highly effective in a wide range of applications , but there have been few experiments to improve clinical practice . investigate the use of a behavioral `` nudge '' based on the principle of public commitment in encouraging the judicious use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections ( ARIs ) . clinical trial in 5 outpatient primary care clinics . total of 954 adults had ARI visits during the study timeframe : 449 patients were treated by clinicians randomized to the posted commitment letter ( 335 in the baseline period , 114 in the intervention period ) ; 505 patients were treated by clinicians randomized to standard practice control ( 384 baseline , 121 intervention ) . intervention consisted of displaying poster-sized commitment letters in examination rooms for 12 weeks . letters , featuring clinician photographs and signatures , stated their commitment to avoid inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for ARIs . prescribing rates for antibiotic-inappropriate ARI diagnoses in baseline and intervention periods , adjusted for patient age , sex , and insurance status . rates were 43.5 % and 42.8 % for control and poster , respectively . the intervention period , inappropriate prescribing rates increased to 52.7 % for controls but decreased to 33.7 % in the posted commitment letter condition . for baseline prescribing rates , we found that the posted commitment letter resulted in a 19.7 absolute percentage reduction in inappropriate antibiotic prescribing rate relative to control ( P = .02 ) . was no evidence of diagnostic coding shift , and rates of appropriate antibiotic prescriptions did not diminish over time . poster-sized commitment letters in examination rooms decreased inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for ARIs . effect of this simple , low-cost intervention is comparable in magnitude to costlier , more intensive quality-improvement efforts . identifier : NCT01767064 ."
4398,Abstract #4398,"study the role of magnesium sulphate ( MgSO4 ) on analgesic requirement , pain , discomfort , and sleep during perioperative period . , double-blinded , randomized study . room and recovery ward at a university teaching hospital . ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for elective open cholecystectomy with general anesthesia . were randomly allocated to receive MgSO4 or saline intravenously ( i.v. ) . in the magnesium group received 50 % MgSO4 ( 50 mg kg ( -1 ) ) in 100 mL saline and those in the control group received an equal volume of saline i.v. during the preoperative period followed by 50 mL hr ( -1 ) infusion of either MgSO4 ( 15 mg kg ( -1 ) hr ( -1 ) ) or saline until the end of surgery . requirement , pain during rest and on coughing , discomfort , and insomnia were assessed during the postoperative period for 24 hours . morphine 40 microg kg ( -1 ) increments were given to all patients in the postoperative period for analgesia . in the magnesium and control groups had similar morphine requirement during the first 24 hours postoperatively ( p = 0.07 ) . in the magnesium group experienced less discomfort during the first hour after the operation . also had better sleep quality during the first postoperative night than did the control group patients ( p < 0.05 ) . frequency of side effects was similar in the two groups . of intraoperative MgSO4 as an adjuvant analgesic in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy resulted in better pain relief and comfort in the first postoperative hour , but it did not significantly decrease the postoperative morphine requirement . sulphate resulted in better sleep quality during the postoperative period , without any significant adverse effects . role of MgSO4 as an adjuvant analgesic in open cholecystectomy needs to be studied further ."
4399,Abstract #4399,"daily use of either intranasal corticosteroids or histamine ( 1 ) ( H ( 1 ) ) receptor antagonists has proved to be efficacious in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis . patients , however , use these medications as needed . objective was to compare the effectiveness of as-needed use of H ( 1 ) receptor antagonists with that of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis . performed a randomized , open-label , parallel-group study comparing the as-needed use of an H ( 1 ) receptor antagonist ( loratadine ) with that of an intranasal corticosteroid ( fluticasone propionate ) in the management of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis in the fall of 1999 . kept a diary of their daily symptoms and were examined at enrollment into the study and biweekly for 4 weeks during treatment . measures were the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score , daily symptom diary scores , and the number of eosinophils and the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein in nasal lavage samples . in the fluticasone-treated group reported significantly better scores in the activity , sleep , practical , nasal , and overall domains ( P < .05 ) of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire . median total symptom score in the fluticasone-treated group was significantly lower than that in the loratadine-treated group ( 4.0 vs 7.0 ; P < .01 ) . treatment , the number of eosinophils was significantly smaller in the fluticasone-treated group compared with the loratadine-treated group ( P = .001 ) . cationic protein levels followed the same pattern , with a significant correlation between the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein and the number of eosinophils ( r ( s ) = 0.70 , P < .01 ) . intranasal corticosteroids reduce allergic inflammation and are more effective than as-needed H ( 1 ) receptor antagonists in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis ."
4400,Abstract #4400,"relations among hyporetinolemia , acute phase proteins , and vitamin A status in children are unclear . objective was to examine the relations between acute phase proteins and plasma retinol concentrations in children with and without clinical vitamin A deficiency ( Bitot spots and night blindness ) . study was a nonconcurrent analysis of acute phase protein concentrations and other data from a previous clinical trial . children , 3-6 y of age , with ( n = 118 ) and without ( n = 118 ) xerophthalmia were assigned to receive oral vitamin A ( 60 mg retinol equivalent ) or placebo and were seen at 5 wk . children received oral vitamin A ( 60 mg retinol equivalent ) at 5 wk . baseline , alpha ( 1 ) - acid glycoprotein ( AGP ) was elevated in 42.9 % and 23.5 % ( P < 0.003 ) and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) was elevated in 17.7 % and 13.7 % ( NS ) of children with and without xerophthalmia , respectively . ( retinol < 0.7 micromol/L ) occurred in 61.0 % and 47.4 % ( P < 0.04 ) of children with and without xerophthalmia , respectively . history of fever , a history of cough , and nasal discharge noted on examination were each associated with elevated acute phase proteins . A supplementation increased plasma retinol at 5 wk but had no significant effect on concentrations of acute phase proteins . acute phase protein concentrations and infectious disease morbidity are closely associated during vitamin A deficiency ."
4401,Abstract #4401,"designed a randomized trial exploiting optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) to assess coverage and apposition of overlapping bare-metal stents ( BMS ) and drug-eluting stents ( DES ) in human coronary arteries . DES impair healing in animals . coherence tomography allows accurate in vivo assessment of stent strut coverage and apposition . patients with long coronary stenoses were randomized to overlapping sirolimus-eluting stents ( SES ) , paclitaxel-eluting stents ( PES ) , zotarolimus-eluting stents ( ZES ) , or BMS . primary goal of the study was to determine the rate of uncovered/malapposed struts in overlap versus nonoverlap segments , according to stent type , at 6-month follow-up with OCT. . total of 53,047 struts were analyzed . rate of uncovered/malapposed struts was 1.5 + / - 3.4 % and 0.6 + / - 2.7 % in overlap versus nonoverlap BMS ( p = NS ) , respectively , and 4.3 + / - 11 % and 3.6 + / - 8 % in overlap versus nonoverlap DES ( p = NS ) , respectively . were no differences in the rates of uncovered/malapposed struts between overlapping BMS and DES , likely due to low frequency of uncovered/malapposed struts in ZES ( 0.1 + / - 0.4 % ) , which offset the higher rates observed in SES ( 6.7 + / - 9.6 % ) and PES ( 6.7 + / - 16.5 % , p < 0.05 ) . segments showed greater neointimal volume obstruction versus nonoverlap segments in all DES ( p < 0.05 for all DES types ) . neointimal thickness at overlap and nonoverlap segments were lowest in SES ( 0.16 + / - 0.1 mm and 0.12 + / - 0.1 mm , respectively ) compared with PES ( 0.27 + / - 0.1 mm and 0.20 + / - 0.1 mm , respectively ) , ZES ( 0.40 + / - 0.16 mm and 0.33 + / - 0.13 mm , respectively ) , and BMS ( 0.55 + / - 0.31 mm and 0.53 + / - 0.25 mm , respectively , p < 0.05 ) . assessed by OCT the impact of DES on vascular healing was similar at overlapping and nonoverlapping sites . , strut malapposition , coverage pattern , and neointimal hyperplasia differ significantly according to DES type . Optical Coherence Tomography for Drug Eluting Stent Safety [ ODESSA ] ; NCT00693030 ) ."
4402,Abstract #4402,"explore the changes of metabolites in brain after treatment by analysis on 1H-MRS examination of the hippocampus and prefrontal lobe in the healthy volunteers and the depression patients . cases of mild and moderate depression were randomly divided into groups A , B and C , 25 cases in each group . group A was treated with oral administration of Prozac capsule , 20 mg/d ; the group B by electroacupuncture for 30-40 min and the needle was retained for 1 h , once each day , with main points Baihui ( GV 20 ) , Yin-tang ( GV 29 ) and adjuvant acupoints selected ; the group C by combination of the treatment methods in the groups A and B. were treated for 6 weeks . PROBE-J sequence at the MRI system on Single Voxel of ROI of each lateral of hippocampus and frontal lobe in the depression patients of the 3 groups . the differences of N-acetylasp artate/creatine ( NAA/Cr ) and choline/creatine ( Cho/Cr ) between the healthy volunteers and the patients before and after treatment . treatment , NAA/Cr in the bilateral hippocampus decreased in the 3 groups as compared with the control group , and after treatment , NAA/Cr in the bilateral hippocampus of the group B and in the right hippocampus of the group C increased compared with that before treatment ( P < 0.05 ) , and NAA/Cr in the left hippocampus of the group C significantly increased as compared with that before treatment ( P < 0.01 ) . treatment , Cho/Cr in the bilateral prefrontal lobe in the 3 groups increased as compared with that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) , after treatment , Cho/Cr in the bilateral prefrontal lobes of the groups A , B and C significantly decreased as compared with that before treatment ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) . are differences in contents of metabolites in corresponding parts in bilateral frontal lobes and hippocampus between the depression patient and healthy person ."
4403,Abstract #4403,"skin cancers are the most common cause of cancer worldwide . this grouping , the most common skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma ( BCC ) followed by squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) . evidence has shown that BCCs can be cleared by a pulsed-dye laser after multiple treatments using a single pass setting . the necessity for multiple treatments in the prior studies , we sought to determine whether tumor clearance could instead be achieved using a single treatment of the pulsed-dye laser in a stacked pulse setting . patients with 23 biopsy-proven BCCs and SCCIS that measured 0.4-3 cm in size and located on the trunk and extremities were recruited for this study . lesions were randomized into three study arms : a control group ( no treatment ) , first treatment group ( S1 ) , and second treatment group ( S2 ) . S1 group was treated using a 595 nM pulsed-dye laser ( PDL ) at pulse energy of 15 J/cm ( 2 ) , 3-millisecond pulse length , with no dynamic cooling , using a 7-mm spot size with 10 % overlap of pulses and two passes . S2 group was treated using the same 595 nM PDL at 7.5 J/cm ( 2 ) , 3-millisecond pulse length , with no dynamic cooling , using a 10-mm spot size with 10 % overlap of pulses and double stacked pulses . the treated lesions were treated with a 4 mm margin of clinically normal skin . lesions were subsequently surgically excised and examined by histopathology . was no significant difference in the dimensions of the tumors between the three study arms , with a mean area of 94 mm ( 2 ) [ SEM15 .2 ] for the control group , 88 mm ( 2 ) [ SEM12 .1 ] for the S1 treatment group , and 105 mm ( 2 ) [ SEM23 .6 ] for the S2 treatment group . the control group , there were two out seven lesions with no residual tumors , representing a background tumor clearance rate of approximately 28 % . S1 treatment group had two out of eight lesions with no residual lesion representing a clearance rate of 25 % , similar to the background clearance rate . S2 treatment group had a clearance rate of five out seven lesions , representing a clearance rate of 71 % . two lesions with residual tumors were noted to be beyond the central treatment zone by histopathology and if excluded , results in a clearance rate of 100 % . the Fisher 's exact test with a Bonferroni correction , there is a trend towards significance between the S2 treatment group and the control group with a P-value of 0.028 . results of our pilot study suggest that BCCs and SCCIS can be cleared in a single treatment using a pulsed-laser in a stacked pulse setting . , given the small sample size of this pilot study , further larger scale studies will be needed to determine statistical significance and long-term recurrence rate and to further validate these findings ."
4404,Abstract #4404,"improves responses in metastatic melanoma , but not overall survival , in randomized trials . developed a maintenance biotherapy regimen after induction biochemotherapy in an attempt to improve durability of responses and overall survival . hundred thirty-three chemotherapy-nave patients with metastatic melanoma without CNS metastases were treated at 10 melanoma centers . biochemotherapy induction regimen included cisplatin , vinblastine , dacarbazine , decrescendo interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ) , and interferon alfa-2b with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) cytokine support . not experiencing disease progression were eligible for maintenance biotherapy with low-dose IL-2 and GM-CSF followed by intermittent pulses of decrescendo IL-2 over 12 months . were observed for response , progression-free survival , toxicity , and overall survival . response rate to induction biochemotherapy was 44 % ( 95 % CI , 35 % to 52 % ; complete response , 8 % ; partial response , 36 % ; stable disease , 29 % ) . median number of biochemotherapy cycles was four , and the median number of maintenance biotherapy cycles was five . median progression-free survival was 9 months , and the median survival was 13.5 months . 12-month and 24-month survival rates were 57 % and 23 % , respectively . percent of patients remain alive ( 12 without disease ) , with median follow-up of 30 months ( 95 % CI , 25 + to 45 + months ) . percent of patients developed CNS metastases . median times to CNS progression and death were 8 months and 5 months , respectively . biotherapy after induction biochemotherapy seems to prolong progression-free survival and improve overall survival compared with recent multicenter trials of biochemotherapy or chemotherapy . regimen should be studied in a randomized clinical trial in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma . progression remains a formidable challenge ."
4405,Abstract #4405,"National Emphysema Treatment Trial defined subgroups of patients with severe emphysema in whom lung-volume-reduction surgery ( LVRS ) improved survival and function at 2 years . additional years of follow-up provide valuable information regarding durability . total of 1218 patients with severe emphysema were randomized to receive LVRS or medical treatment . present updated analyses ( 4.3 versus 2.4 years median follow-up ) , including 40 % more patients with functional measures 2 years after randomization . intention-to-treat analysis of 1218 randomized patients demonstrates an overall survival advantage for LVRS , with a 5-year risk ratio ( RR ) for death of 0.86 ( p = 0.02 ) . was more likely in the LVRS than in the medical group for maximal exercise through 3 years and for health-related quality of life ( St. George 's Respiratory Questionnaire [ SGRQ ] ) through 4 years . comparisons of survival and functional improvement were consistent with initial results for four clinical subgroups of non-high-risk patients defined by upper-lobe predominance and exercise capacity . LVRS , the upper-lobe patients with low exercise capacity demonstrated improved survival ( 5-year RR , 0.67 ; p = 0.003 ) , exercise throughout 3 years ( p < 0.001 ) , and symptoms ( SGRQ ) through 5 years ( p < 0.001 years 1 to 3 , p = 0.01 year 5 ) . and high-exercise-capacity LVRS patients obtained no survival advantage but were likely to improve exercise capacity ( p < 0.01 years 1 to 3 ) and SGRQ ( p < 0.01 years 1 to 4 ) . of LVRS are durable , and it can be recommended for upper-lobe-predominant emphysema patients with low exercise capacity and should be considered for palliation in patients with upper-lobe emphysema and high exercise capacity ."
4406,Abstract #4406,"research has shown that Short Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy ( SPSP ) is an effective alternative to pharmacotherapy and combined treatment ( SPSP and pharmacotherapy ) in the treatment of depressed outpatients . question remains , however , how Short Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy compares with other established psychotherapy methods . present study compares Short Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy to the evidence-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in terms of acceptability , feasibility , and efficacy in the outpatient treatment of depression . , this study aims to identify clinical predictors that can distinguish patients who may benefit from either of these treatments in particular . article outlines the study protocol . results of the study , which is being currently carried out , will be presented as soon as they are available . outpatients with a main diagnosis of major depressive disorder or depressive disorder not otherwise specified according to DSM-IV criteria and mild to severe depressive symptoms ( Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score > or = 14 ) are randomly allocated to Short Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy . treatments are individual psychotherapies consisting of 16 sessions within 22 weeks . take place at baseline ( week 0 ) , during the treatment period ( week 5 and 10 ) and at treatment termination ( week 22 ) . addition , a follow-up assessment takes place one year after treatment start ( week 52 ) . outcome measures are the number of patients refusing treatment ( acceptability ) ; the number of patients terminating treatment prematurely ( feasibility ) ; and the severity of depressive symptoms ( efficacy ) according to an independent rater , the clinician and the patient . outcome measures include general psychopathology , general psychotherapy outcome , pain , health-related quality of life , and cost-effectiveness . predictors of treatment outcome include demographic variables , psychiatric symptoms , cognitive and psychological patient characteristics and the quality of the therapeutic relationship . study evaluates Short Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy as a treatment for depressed outpatients by comparing it to the established evidence-based treatment Cognitive Behavioral Therapy . strengths of this study include its strong external validity and the clinical relevance of its research aims . of the study are discussed . Controlled Trails ISRCTN31263312 ."
4407,Abstract #4407,"investigate the influence of tibolone , a synthetic steroid , in modifying auditory brainstem response ( ABR ) in postmenopausal women . , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . menopausal clinic in a university hospital . healthy postmenopausal women . of either tibolone or placebo for 12 weeks ; evaluation of ABR and hormone levels before and after treatment . in auditory brainstem response latencies . of the ABR latency data from the two treatment groups showed a significant decrease in wave II , III , and V peak latencies in women receiving tibolone . significant differences in pretreatment and posttreatment circulating hormone concentrations were observed between the tibolone and placebo group . , there was no significant increase in hormone levels in either of the groups at 12 weeks . findings show an improvement in auditory function via brainstem auditory neural pathways sensitive to tibolone in postmenopausal women . may offer new therapeutic strategies in otologic disorders ."
4408,Abstract #4408,"precise effect and the quality of different cases used in dermatology problem-based learning ( PBL ) curricula are yet unclear . prospectively compare the impact of real patients , digital , paper PBL ( PPBL ) and traditional lecture-based learning ( LBL ) on academic results and student perceptions . total of 120 students were randomly allocated into either real-patients PBL ( RPBL ) group studied via real-patient cases , digital PBL ( DPBL ) group studied via digital-form cases , PPBL group studied via paper-form cases , or conventional group who received didactic lectures . results were assessed through review of written examination , objective structured clinical examination and student performance scores . five-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to evaluate student perceptions . to those receiving lectures only , all PBL participants had better results for written examination , clinical examination and overall performance . in RPBL group exhibited better overall performance than those in the other two PBL groups . cases were more effective in helping develop students ' self-directed learning skills , improving their confidence in future patient encounters and encouraging them to learn more about the discussed condition , compared to digital and paper cases . real patient and digital triggers are helpful in improving students ' clinical problem-handling skills . , real patients provide greater benefits to students ."
4409,Abstract #4409,"compare hospital and home settings for the rehabilitation of patients following hip fracture . controlled trial comparing accelerated discharge and home-based rehabilitation ( n = 34 ) with conventional hospital care ( n = 32 ) for patients admitted to hospital with hip fracture . metropolitan hospitals in Adelaide , Australia . patients with fractured hip . assigned to the home-based rehabilitation group were discharged within 48 hours of randomization . project team therapists made visits to the patient 's home and negotiated a set of realistic , short-term and measurable treatment goals with both the patient and carer . randomized to usual care remained in hospital for conventional rehabilitation . and social dependence , balance confidence , quality of life , carer strain , patient and carer satisfaction , use of community services and incidence of adverse events such as re-admission and falls . there was no difference between the groups for all measures of quality of life , patients in the accelerated discharge and home-based rehabilitation group recorded a greater improvement in MBI from randomization ( p < 0.05 ) and scored higher on the Falls Efficacy Scale ( p < 0.05 ) at four months . was no difference in falls rates . in the home-based rehabilitation group had a shorter stay in hospital ( p < 0.05 ) but a longer stay in rehabilitation overall ( p < 0.001 ) . groups were comparable on the rate and length of admissions after discharge , use of community services , need for carer input and contact with general practitioner ( GP ) after discharge . trial further supports the practice of accelerated discharge from hospital and home-based rehabilitation in selected patients recovering from hip fracture . a practice appears to improve physical independence and confidence in avoiding subsequent falls which may have implications for longevity and overall quality of life ."
4410,Abstract #4410,"benefit of inducing deep neuromuscular block to improve laparoscopic surgical conditions is controversial . goal of this study was to determine the depth of neuromuscular block needed to guarantee excellent operating conditions during laparoscopic hysterectomy . randomised controlled trial . single-centre study performed between February 2011 and May 2012 . hundred and two women of ASA physical status 1 or 2 gave consent to participate and were allocated randomly to one of two groups . desflurane general anaesthesia , patients in Group S ( shallow block ) , neuromuscular blockade was induced by administration of rocuronium 0.45 mg kg-1 followed by spontaneous recovery or a rescue bolus dose of 5 mg if surgical conditions were unacceptable . Group D ( deep block ) , neuromuscular block was induced by administration of rocuronium 0.6 mg kg-1 and maintained by bolus doses of 5 mg if the train-of-four count exceeded two , using adductor pollicis electromyography . a stable pneumoperitoneum ( 13mmHg ) , the surgeon scored the quality of the surgical field every 10 min as excellent ( 1 ) , good but not optimal ( 2 ) , poor but acceptable ( 3 ) or unacceptable ( 4 ) . groups were compared using the Cochran-Armitage trend test . level of neuromuscular blockade was recorded each time the surgical field score exceeded 1 . groups S and D , respectively , the maximum surgical field scores were 1 in 21 and 34 patients , 2 in 11 and 11 patients , 3 in 4 and 5 patients and 4 in 14 and 0 patients . trend towards higher scores was demonstrated in group S ( P < 0.001 ) . field scores of 2 , 3 and 4 occurred only when the train-of-four count was at least 1 , 2 and 3 , respectively . deep neuromuscular block ( train-of-four count < 1 ) significantly improved surgical field scores and made it possible to completely prevent unacceptable surgical conditions ."
4411,Abstract #4411,"investigate the efficacy of Tianlong Xifeng granule ( TXG ) in the treatment of ceroarterosclerosis ( CAS ) with Gan-yang-hua-feng Zheng ( GYHFZ ) . with CAS were randomly divided into 2 groups : 122 patients in the treatment group were given TXG , while 60 patients in the control group were treated with Ginkgo Biloba capsule . symptom , blood lipid and transcranial doppler ultrasound were observed before and after the treatment . symptom , elasticity of the cerebral blood vessel , and the speed of blood flow were significantly improved in the treatment group , and the efficacy of the treatment group was superior to that of the control group . lipid was effectively reduced , and no toxic and side effects were found in both groups . has ideal therapeutic effect on CAS patients with GYHFZ ."
4412,Abstract #4412,"evaluate the therapeutic effects of galvanism penetration of traditional Chinese medicine combined with ultrasonic wave and manipulation in the treatment of strain of the infrapatellar fat pad , to study an effective approach in the treatment of this diseas . patients were divided randomly into treatment group and control group , there were 40 cases in each group . treatment group 40 cases were treated by galvanism penetration of traditional Chinese medicine , ultrasonic wave and manipulation , included 22 males and 18 females with an average age of ( 63.15 + / - 8.10 ) years old and a mean disease course of ( 6.84 + / - 3.50 ) years . control group , 40 cases were treated with ultrasonic wave and manipulation , included 23 males and 17 females with an average age of ( 62.63 + / - 8.20 ) years old and the course was ( 6.59 + / -3.70 ) years . analogue scale ( VAS ) and the scales for pain with finger press were evaluated before and after treatment in two groups . clinical effects were researched and analysed statistically . treatment group ,12 patients were in remarkable effects , 17 in good effective , 9 in effective and 2 in ineffective . well in control group , above data were 8,15 , 8 and 9 respectively . was a significant difference in the rate of general effective between treatment group and control group ( P < 0.05 ) . treatment group , the scales for VAS before and after treatment were ( 7.92 + / - 2.21 ) and ( 2.16 + / - 1.87 ) and the scales for pain with finger press before and after treatment were ( 3.01 + / - 0.63 ) and ( 0.86 < -- 0.46 ) . well in control group , above data were ( 7.71 + / 2.65 ) , ( 3.83 + / - 2.45 ) , ( 2.98 + / - 0.61 ) and ( 1.32 + / - 0.52 ) respectively . comparison of the scales for VAS and pain with finger press before and after treatment in two groups had significant difference ( P < O. 01 ) . wave and manipulation have a good effect in the treatment of stain of the infrapatellar fat pad , when the galvanism penetration of traditional Chinese medicine is applied at the same time , the therapeutic efficiency can be improved significantly . therapies are used in treatment at the same , it can improve the therapeutic effect , and it is an easy , economic , practical and effective comprehensive approach ."
4413,Abstract #4413,"is a selective V2 receptor antagonist that inhibits vasopressin-induced water reabsorption in the kidney . investigate the safety and tolerability of RWJ-351647 compared with placebo after single oral dose administration to patients with cirrhosis and ascites , on a stable treatment with furosemide and spironolactone . oral doses of 1 , 2 and 5 mg of RWJ-351647 were administered to 24 patients with ascites on stable concomitant diuretic treatment . had a tmax of 1 to 1.1 h and mean half-life of 10.4-17 .4 h. was no affect on the pharmacokinetics of concomitant diuretics . in cumulative urine volume and free water excretion , and a decrease in urine osmolality were noted in a dose-dependent manner reaching the statistical significance at the 5-mg dose . patients exhibited a decrease of > 2 kg in weight in the 24 h after dosing . was well tolerated , with no evidence of a dose-related increase in adverse events when compared with placebo . changes in either serum chemistry or plasma AVP ( arginine vasopressin ) and renin levels were observed despite the observed aquaresis . is an effective aquaretic causing dose-dependent increases in urine output and free water clearance , when co-administered with conventional diuretics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites ."
4414,Abstract #4414,"compare the inflammatory response after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation , using postoperative treatment with 0.5 % prednisolone acetate eye drops or vehicle . multi-center randomized double-masked vehicle-controlled , parallel group phase IV study . eyes of 62 patients undergoing phacoemulsification were examined at five German university eye hospitals ( Mainz , Heidelberg , Bonn , Erlangen , Frankfurt/Main ) . received either 0.5 % prednisolone acetate eye drops ( group 1 ) or vehicle eye drop solution ( group 2 ) four times a day until day 2 , then open-label treatment with 0.5 % prednisolone acetate eye drops four times a day continued until day 14 for all patients . inflammation was evaluated by using laser flare photometry . efficacy variables included visual acuity , intraocular pressure , corneal edema , bulbar conjunctival hyperemia and ocular discomfort . group 1 , median flare rose from 7.4 photon counts/ms preoperatively to 31.0 photon counts/ms at day 1 . group 2 , the flare increased from 8.6 photon counts/ms preoperatively to 30.5 photon counts/ms at day 1 . differences between the groups were not statistically significant . day 3 , flare measures were reduced in group 1 but remained fairly unchanged in group 2 ( 20.8 photon counts/ms vs 32.6 photon counts/ms ) , which was statistically significant ( p = 0.0055 ) . day 14 , photon counts were comparable in both groups ( 13.0 photon counts/ms vs 11.4 photon counts/ms ) , respectively . groups were comparable regarding secondary efficacy variables . % prednisolone acetate appeared to be significantly more effective as vehicle in controlling intraocular inflammation after phacoemulsification ; both groups had a similar safety profile ."
4415,Abstract #4415,"authors had for aim to define the threshold of nephrotoxicity before switching to other antifungal treatment in hematological patients treated by conventional amphotericin B ( AmB ) as an empiric antifungal treatment . prospective randomised multicenter study was made on 32 neutropenic hematological patients receiving conventional AmB for empirical antifungal treatment . patients were randomised after a greater than or equal to 30 % increase of serum creatinine ( sCr ) . in the early-switch group received liposomal AmB just after randomisation and patients in the late-switch group received liposomal AmB only when serum creatinine increase was greater or equal to 100 % or sCr reached 170mumol/L . patients were analysed : 16 patients in the early-switch group and 15 patients in the late-switch group ( seven switched to liposomal AmB and eight continued conventional AmB treatment ) . mean age of patients was 48 years and 68 % were men . most frequent underlying haematological malignancy was acute leukemia ( 94 % ) . the late-switch group , the degradation of renal function continued after randomisation contrary to the early-switch group : median variations of calculated sCr clearance in early - and late-switch groups were -16.8 and -1.5 % , respectively ( P = 0.03 ) . , an early switch was cost-effective with a sCr lower duration of hospitalisation in comparison with a late switch . randomised trial suggests that an early switch to Liposomal AmB improves and preserves renal function in comparison with a late switch ."
4416,Abstract #4416,"compared the outcomes of repeat transurethral resection plus intravesical mitomycin C with initial transurethral resection of bladder plus intravesical MMC in patients with newly diagnosed pT1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in terms of recurrence , progression and overall survival . 148 newly diagnosed patients with T1 bladder cancer 142 were prospectively randomized in 2 groups between January 2001 and January 2005 . total of 74 patients underwent second TURB and received adjuvant MMC intravesically ( group 1 ) and 68 patients received adjuvant MMC following the initial TURB ( group 2 ) . repeat TURB operations were performed 2 to 6 weeks following initial TURB . with incomplete resection , Cis or muscle invasive disease were excluded from study . first dose of mitomycin C ( 40 mg per week for a total of 8 weeks ) was instilled intravesically in all patients during the first 24 hours after the last surgery . followup was 31.5 months ( range 6 to 48 ) with no difference between the 2 groups . rate of recurrence-free survival was 86.35 % ( SE 0.4 % ) , 77.67 % and 68.72 % in group 1 , and 47.08 % , 42.31 % and 37.01 % in group 2 for the first , second and third year , respectively ( overall 74.32 % vs 36.76 % , log rank 0.0001 ) . was observed in 19 of the 74 ( 25.68 % ) patients in group 1 and in 43 of the 68 ( 63.24 % ) patients in group 2 . of the 19 ( 52.63 % ) patients in group 1 and 35 of the 43 ( 81.39 % ) patients in group 2 had recurrence within 12 months . was observed in 17.6 % , 25 % and 60 % of patients with G1 , G2 and G3 tumors , respectively , in group 1 . same rates for group 2 were 25 % , 64 % and 90 % . RFS rate was significantly worse in the high grade group ( G2 and G3 ) ( p < 0.001 ) . was observed at 4.05 % for group 1 compared to 11.76 % for group 2 ( log rank 0.0974 ) . was 91.89 % and 89.71 % in group 1 and 2 , respectively ( log rank 0.732 ) . high recurrence rate in patients who did not undergo ReTUR is due to a high residual tumor rate following initial TURB . benefit of ReTUR is especially true for high grade tumors . intravesical MMC was present in both groups , this study has shown that intravesical chemotherapy does not compensate for inadequate resection . does not seem to be affected by ReTUR although there was a trend favoring the ReTUR group . recommend ReTUR for patients with primary high grade T1 disease to achieve better recurrence-free survival ."
4417,Abstract #4417,"measure the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on males ' and females ' attractiveness ratings of unfamiliar male and female faces . undergraduate volunteers were used in each of three experiments . ' ratings on a 1-7 scale was the dependent variable . three-factor mixed design was used . experiments 1 and 2 : one within-factor , sex-of-face to be rated ( male/female ) ; two between-factors , sex-of-rater ( male/female ) and alcohol status of rater ( 0 UK units/1 -6 UK units ) . experiment 3 , the two levels of sex-of-face were replaced by two levels of a non-face object . experiment 1 , the faces were rated for attractiveness ; in experiment 2 , the faces were rated for distinctiveness and in experiment 3 , the non-face objects were rated for attractiveness . , prepared corners of bars and licensed eating areas on a civic university campus . each experiment , 118 full-colour photographic images were presented randomly on a laptop computer screen , each remaining until a rating response was made . was a significant alcohol consumption enhancement effect only for attractiveness ratings of opposite-sex faces in experiment 1 . indicates that the opposite-sex enhancement effect is not due simply to alcohol consumption causing the use of higher points of ratings scales , in general . Agocha & Cooper have shown that the likelihood of intentions to engage in risky sex increases as the facial attractiveness of the potential sexual partner increases , through the opposite-sex enhancement effect we identify a new possible link between risky sex and alcohol consumption ."
4418,Abstract #4418,"toxicities have been recognized to be a consequence of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . study was designed to determine if the use of amifostine could reduce treatment-related toxicities associated with the use of paclitaxel plus carboplatin and thoracic radiotherapy . patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC were treated with two cycles of paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin ( area under the time-concentration curve = 6 ) , followed by thoracic radiotherapy ( 64 Gy ) with concurrent weekly paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 . were randomly assigned to receive 740 mg/m2 of amifostine ( arm A ) or placebo ( arm B ) before each dose of paclitaxel and carboplatin . toxicities were evaluated at each visit and nerve conduction tests were performed before and after treatment for the objective assessment of neurotoxicity . was no significant difference between arms A and B in grade 3 to 4 neutropenia . all 72 neurophysiological parameters measured , there was no significant difference between the two treatment arms , although there was a trend toward fewer patients showing deterioration in arm A for six of the parameters . 2 to 3 esophagitis occurred in 43 % of patients in arm A and in 70 % of patients in arm B. difference of -27 % ( 95 % confidence limit = -50 % , 0.4 % ) was not statistically significant . rates and survival were also not significantly different between the two arms . with amifostine showed a trend toward reducing the severity of esophagitis associated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy , but it did not reach statistical significance . was no significant protective effect on hematologic or neurologic toxicities induced by paclitaxel and carboplatin ."
4419,Abstract #4419,"circulation forces complete anticoagulation , most frequently achieved by complete heparinization . clotting time ( ACT ) is the gold standard for monitoring , although there is a lack of correlation between heparin plasma level and ACT . systems for the estimation of free heparin have been developed : in this study we focused investigating on the influence of the Hepcon/HMS system on postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements . patients were randomly assigned to one group monitored by use of Hepcon/HMS ( group hepcon ) and another group by use of ACT ( ACT group ) ; 7 patients were excluded due to re-exploration . patients did not receive aprotinin ; this part of the study was stopped early due to massive increased bleeding . and 49 patients of groups hepcon and ACT , respectively , received aprotinin . aprotinin , in group hepcon total administered heparin was elevated by 13 % in contrast to group ACT while administered protamine was reduced by 20 % . ratio of antagonization was 82 + / - 17 % and 51 + / - 12 % , respectively . parameters were not influenced except for increased postoperative ACT and PTT in the hepcon group . of patients in that group was significantly increased during the first 6 hours , which led to an increased autologous retransfusion . for substitution of other blood components was not increased postoperatively . of the Hepcon/HMS-system for monitoring of heparinization during extracorporeal circulation is possible without increased risk of thromboembolism . blood loss was slightly but significantly increased but there was no need for more heterogenous transfusion ."
4420,Abstract #4420,"standard of care for metastatic gastric cancer ( MGC ) is systemic chemotherapy which leads to a median survival of 6-15 months . beyond 3 years is rare . selected groups of patients with limited MGC , retrospective studies have shown improved overall survival following gastrectomy and metastasectomies including peritoneal stripping with continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion ( CHPP ) , liver resection , and pulmonary resection . survival after liver resection for MGC is up to 34 months , with a five year survival rate of 24.5 % . , reported median survival after pulmonary resection of MGC is 21 months with long term survival of greater than 5 years a possibility . case reports and small studies have documented evidence of long-term survival in select individuals who undergo CHPP for MGC . GYMSSA trial is a prospective randomized trial for patients with MGC . is designed to compare two therapeutic approaches : gastrectomy with metastasectomy plus systemic chemotherapy ( GYMS ) versus systemic chemotherapy alone ( SA ) . therapy will be composed of the FOLFOXIRI regimen . aim of the study is to evaluate overall survival and potential selection criteria to determine those patients who may benefit from surgery plus systemic therapy . study will be conducted by the Surgery Branch at the National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) , National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) in Bethesda , Maryland . and followup will be done at the NCI , and chemotherapy will be given by either the local oncologist or the medical oncology branch at NCI . ID . ."
4421,Abstract #4421,"wound local infiltration analgesia is effective in knee arthroplasty , but the analgesic efficacy of subcutaneous wound infiltration has not been evaluated . a randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial in 16 patients undergoing bilateral knee arthroplasty with high-volume local infiltration analgesia in the deeper layers , saline or ropivacaine 2 mg/ml was infiltrated into the subcutaneous part of the wound in each knee along with the placement of multi-fenestrated catheters in the subcutaneous wound layers in both knees . was assessed for 6 h post-operatively and for 3 h after a bolus injection given through the catheter 24 h post-operatively . analogue scale ( VAS ) pain scores were significantly lower from the knee infiltrated with ropivacaine compared with the knee infiltrated with saline in the subcutaneous layer of the wound , at rest ( P < 0.02 ) , with flexion of the knee ( P < 0.04 ) and when the leg was straight and elevated ( P < 0.04 ) . hours post-operatively , a decline in the VAS pain scores was observed in both groups , with no statistically significant difference between injection of ropivacaine or saline in the subcutaneously placed catheters ( P > 0.05 ) . part of a total wound infiltration analgesia intraoperative subcutaneous infiltration with ropivacaine in bilateral total knee arthroplasty is effective in early post-operative pain management , while a post-operative subcutaneous bolus administration through a multiholed catheter 24 h post-operatively did not show improved analgesia compared with the administration of saline ."
4422,Abstract #4422,"infections are polymicrobial and typically include Ureaplasma , an intracellular microbe that is treated by macrolides such as azithromycin . aim of this study was to evaluate the perinatal pharmacokinetics of azithromycin after a single preincision dose before cesarean delivery . women who underwent scheduled cesarean delivery were assigned randomly to receive 500 mg of intravenous azithromycin that was initiated 15 , 30 , or 60 minutes before incision and infused over 1 hour . maternal plasma samples were drawn from the end of infusion up to 8 hours after the infusion . of amniotic fluid , umbilical cord blood , placenta , myometrium , and adipose tissue were collected intraoperatively . milk samples were collected 12-48 hours after the infusion in 8 women who were breastfeeding . was quantified with high performance liquid chromatography separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection . pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated with the use of noncompartmental analysis and compartmental modeling and simulations . maximum maternal plasma concentration was reached within 1 hour and exceeded the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC50 ) of 250 ng/mL of Ureaplasma spp in all 30 patients . concentrations were sustained with a half-life of 6.7 hours . median concentration of azithromycin in adipose tissue was 102 ng/g , which was below the MIC50 . median concentration in myometrium was 402 ng/g , which exceeded the MIC50 . was detectable in both the umbilical cord plasma and amniotic fluid after the single preoperative dose . concentrations in breast milk were high and were sustained up to 48 hours after the single dose . demonstrated accumulation in breast milk after multiple doses . single dose of azithromycin achieves effective plasma and tissue concentrations and is transported rapidly across the placenta . tissue concentrations that are achieved in the myometrium exceed the MIC50 for Ureaplasma spp ."
4423,Abstract #4423,"pneumonia diagnosis remains a debatable topic . definitions of ventilator-associated conditions involving worsening oxygenation have been recently proposed to make surveillance of events possibly linked to ventilator-associated pneumonia as objective as possible . objective of the study was to confirm the effect of subglottic secretion suctioning on ventilator-associated pneumonia prevalence and to assess its concomitant impact on ventilator-associated conditions and antibiotic use . controlled clinical trial conducted in five ICUs of the same hospital . hundred fifty-two adult patients intubated with a tracheal tube allowing subglottic secretion suctioning were randomly assigned to undergo suctioning ( n = 170 , group 1 ) or not ( n = 182 , group 2 ) . ventilation , microbiologically confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in 15 patients ( 8.8 % ) of group 1 and 32 patients ( 17.6 % ) of group 2 ( p = 0.018 ) . terms of ventilatory days , ventilator-associated pneumonia rates were 9.6 of 1,000 ventilatory days and 19.8 of 1,000 ventilatory days , respectively ( p = 0.0076 ) . condition prevalence was 21.8 % in group 1 and 22.5 % in group 2 ( p = 0.84 ) . the 47 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia , 25 ( 58.2 % ) experienced a ventilator-associated condition . length of ICU stay nor mortality differed between groups ; only ventilator-associated condition was associated with increased mortality . total number of antibiotic days was 1,696 in group 1 , representing 61.6 % of the 2,754 ICU days , and 1,965 in group 2 , representing 68.5 % of the 2,868 ICU days ( p < 0.0001 ) . secretion suctioning resulted in a significant reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia prevalence associated with a significant decrease in antibiotic use . contrast , ventilator-associated condition occurrence did not differ between groups and appeared more related to other medical features than ventilator-associated pneumonia ."
4424,Abstract #4424,"substantial number of patients start their first-line antiretroviral therapy at an advanced stage of an HIV-1 infection . differences between specific drug regimens in antiviral efficacy and safety in these patients are of major importance . post-hoc analysis within the randomized controlled 2NN trial comparing efficacy between regimes containing nevirapine ( NVP ) , efavirenz ( EFV ) , or both , in addition to stavudine and lamivudine . of virologic failure in different strata of baseline CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations ( pVL ) . failure : never reaching a pVL < 400 copies/ml , or a rebound to two consecutive values > 400 copies/ml . risk of virologic failure was increased at very low CD4 counts ( < 25 x 10 ( 6 ) cells/l ) compared to CD4 counts > 200 x 10 ( 6 ) cells/l [ hazard ratio ( HR ) , 1.28 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 0.93-1 .77 ] . same was seen for a pVL > or = 100,000 copies/ml compared to a lower pVL ( HR , 1.20 ; CI , 0.96-1 .50 ) . were no statistically significant differences between NVP and EFV in risk of virologic failure within any of the CD4 or pVL strata , although EFV performed slightly better in the low CD4 stratum . incidence of rash in the NVP group was significantly higher in female patients with higher CD4 cell counts , while adverse events in the EFV group were not associated with CD4 cell count . antiretroviral therapy including NVP or EFV is effective in patients with an advanced HIV-1 infection . high baseline CD4 cell count is associated with the occurrence of rash in female patients using NVP ."
4425,Abstract #4425,"surgeons currently prefer to use transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ( TLIF ) , placing 1 unilateral pedicle screw ( PS ) and 1 cage . , no study has examined whether unilateral fixation improves surgical outcome . authors conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial with a minimum 2-year follow-up to analyze TLIF outcomes for 2 techniques : placement of a unilateral PS and a cage compared with placement of bilateral PSs and 2 cages . patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis undergoing single-level TLIF were randomly assigned to receive either unilateral or bilateral fixation . compared between the groups were surgical invasiveness , severity of intermittent claudication , pre - and postoperative visual analog scale ( VAS ) scores ( from 0 to 10 for back pain , lower-extremity pain , and lower-extremity numbness ) , postoperative disability scores for lumbar spinal disorders ( Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire [ JOABPEQ ] ) , and fusion rates . mean operative time for TLIF was significantly ( p = 0.05 ) shorter and mean estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the unilateral than in the bilateral group . claudication improved in response to each technique , but there was no significant intergroup difference . unilateral group had a nonsignificant tendency toward less improvement in VAS score for back pain ( 1.5 vs 3.7 for the bilateral group ) and exhibited significantly less improvement in VAS score for lower-extremity pain ( 2.1 vs 5.1 , respectively ) and numbness ( 1.7 vs 4.4 ) . were no significant differences between the groups in postsurgical scores for all 5 items of the JOABPEQ . fusion rates were 87.5 % ( 21 of 24 patients ) in the unilateral group and 95.7 % ( 22 of 23 ) in the bilateral group . lumbar interbody fusion involving unilateral PS fixation and a single-cage technique is less invasive than a 2-cage technique and bilateral fixation , and it improved patients ' symptoms . , it resulted in less improvement in back pain , lower-extremity pain , and lower-extremity numbness . considering unilateral PS fixation and a single cage , the surgeon should be aware of the potential limitations of this technique . trial registration no. : UMIN000007833 ( UMIN ) ."
4426,Abstract #4426,"in four abortions in the UK is undertaken for women who have had one before . undergoing abortion in Edinburgh were targeted for improved contraceptive advice and provision in this randomized trial . November 2001 and May 2002 , women recruited at assessment for abortion were randomized at admission to receive specialist contraceptive advice and enhanced provision ( 316 women ) or standard care ( 297 women ) . was based on the week of admission . use 16 weeks after abortion was assessed by questionnaire and subsequent abortions by review of the hospital records 2 years later . receiving specialist advice and enhanced provision were more likely to leave the hospital with contraception ( 271 versus 115 , P < 0.001 ) , which was more likely to be a long-acting method ( 141 versus 78 , P < 0.001 ) than women receiving standard care . months later , there was no significant difference in contraceptive prevalence or continuation , but women in the intervention group were more likely to be using contraceptive implants ( 32 versus 6 , P < 0.001 ) . years later , 14.6 % of women in the intervention group ( 44/302 ) and 10 % of controls ( 27/268 ) had undergone another abortion in the same hospital ( P = 0.267 ) . contraceptive advice and enhanced provision had a short-lived effect on contraceptive uptake and increased the use of long-acting methods but did not appear to reduce repeat abortions ."
4427,Abstract #4427,"growth restriction ( FGR ) affects 5 % to 10 % of newborns and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in adulthood . most commonly accepted hypothesis is that fetal metabolic programming leads secondarily to diseases associated with cardiovascular disease , such as obesity , diabetes mellitus , and hypertension . main objective was to evaluate the alternative hypothesis that FGR induces primary cardiac changes that persist into childhood . a cohort of fetuses with growth restriction identified in fetal life and followed up into childhood , we randomly selected 80 subjects with FGR and compared them with 120 normally grown fetuses , matched for gender , birth date , and gestational age at birth . assessment was performed in childhood ( mean age of 5 years ) . with control subjects , children with FGR had a different cardiac shape , with increased transversal diameters and more globular cardiac ventricles . left ejection fraction was similar among the study groups , stroke volume was reduced significantly , which was compensated for by an increased heart rate to maintain output in severe FGR . was associated with subclinical longitudinal systolic dysfunction ( decreased myocardial peak velocities ) and diastolic changes ( increased E/E ' ratio and E deceleration time ) . with FGR also had higher blood pressure and increased intima-media thickness . all parameters evaluated , there was a linear increase with the severity of growth restriction . findings suggest that FGR induces primary cardiac and vascular changes that could explain the increased predisposition to cardiovascular disease in adult life . these results are confirmed , the impact of strategies with beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling should be explored in children with FGR ."
4428,Abstract #4428,"purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of randomization to nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) , sociodemographic and psychosocial factors , and pregnancy and medical history to serious perinatal adverse events among pregnant smokers . performed a retrospective review of all medical records for participants in the Baby Steps Trial . that were abstracted from 157 records were combined with baseline characteristics for logistic regression modeling of serious adverse events and adjusted for covariates . adverse events occurred in 17 % ( 9/52 pregnancies ) and 31 % ( 33/105 pregnancies ) of participants in the control and NRT arms , respectively . race , adverse pregnancy history , and use of analgesic medication during pregnancy were significant predictors ( P = .02 , .04 , and .01 , respectively ) . covariates , which included randomization to NRT , were not statistically significant . race , poor pregnancy history , and use of analgesics were associated with serious adverse events , randomization to NRT during pregnancy was not a significant factor . research is needed to examine the safety of analgesic medications during pregnancy ."
4429,Abstract #4429,"estimate the effects of chlorhexidine vaginal and baby wipes on fetal and neonatal mortality , respectively , and infection-related morbidity . performed a placebo-controlled , randomized trial of chlorhexidine vaginal and neonatal wipes to reduce neonatal sepsis and mortality in three hospitals in Pakistan . primary study outcome was a composite of neonatal sepsis or 7-day perinatal mortality . 2005 to 2008 , 5,008 laboring women and their neonates were randomly assigned to receive either chlorhexidine wipes ( n = 2,505 ) or wipes with a saline placebo ( n = 2,503 ) . primary outcome was similar in the chlorhexidine and control groups ( 3.1 % compared with 3.4 % ; relative risk 0.91 , 95 % confidence interval 0.67-1 .24 ) as was the composite rate of neonatal sepsis or 28-day perinatal mortality ( 3.8 % compared with 3.9 % , relative risk 0.96 , 95 % confidence interval 0.73-1 .27 ) . day 7 , the chlorhexidine group had a lower rate of neonatal skin infection ( 3.3 % compared with 8.2 % , P < .001 ) . the exception of less frequent 7-day hospitalization in the chlorhexidine group , there were no significant differences in maternal outcomes between the groups . maternal chlorhexidine vaginal wipes during labor and neonatal chlorhexidine wipes does not reduce maternal and perinatal mortality or neonatal sepsis . finding of reduced superficial skin infections on day 7 without change in sepsis or mortality suggests that this difference , although statistically significant , may not be of major importance ."
4430,Abstract #4430,"assess long-term disease outcome of undifferentiated arthritis ( UA ) after initial treatment with methotrexate ( MTX ) or placebo . patients with UA were randomised to receive MTX ( n = 55 ) or placebo ( n = 55 ) for 1 year . 5 years the outcomes for diagnosis ( rheumatoid arthritis , 1987 criteria ( RA ( 1987 ) ) , UA or UA in remission ) and radiographic progression were compared between treatment arms and anti-citrullinated protein antibody ( ACPA ) - positive and - negative patients . were recalculated for patients who , with hindsight , might have been classified at baseline as having RA according to the 2010 criteria ( RA ( 2010 ) ) . patients in the MTX group and 29 in the placebo group progressed to RA ( 1987 ) ( p = 0.45 ) . delayed progression from UA to RA ( 1987 ) but only in ACPA-positive patients . remission was achieved in 35 patients , 20 of whom were initially treated with MTX , and 32 were ACPA-negative . patients had more radiographic progression , regardless of treatment . patients ( 39 % ) could be reclassified as having had RA ( 2010 ) at baseline , 6/24 ( 25 % ) of whom achieved remission after placebo treatment . 5 years there is no lasting benefit of a 1 year initial course of MTX for patients with undifferentiated arthritis , compared with initial placebo . to classifiable RA was not suppressed , drug-free remission not induced and the progression of radiological damage was similar in both groups . at baseline with the 2010 criteria showed that 25 % of patients with RA ( 2010 ) achieved spontaneous drug-free remission ."
4431,Abstract #4431,"assess and compare the effects of four simultaneous-image multifocal contact lenses ( SIMCLs ) , and those with distant-vision-only contact lenses on visual performance in early presbyopes , under dim conditions , including the effects of induced glare . this double-masked crossover study design , 28 presbyopic subjects aged 40 to 46 years were included . participants were fitted with the four different SIMCLs ( Air Optix Aqua Multifocal [ AOAM ; Alcon ] , PureVision Multifocal [ PM ; Bausch & Lomb ] , Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia [ AOP ; Johnson & Johnson Vision ] , and Biofinity Multifocal [ BM ; CooperVision ] ) and with monofocal contact lenses ( Air Optix Aqua , Alcon ) . 1 month of daily contact lens wearing , each subject 's binocular distance visual acuity ( BDVA ) and binocular distance contrast sensitivity ( BDCS ) were measured using the Functional Visual Analyzer ( Stereo Optical Co. , Inc. ) under mesopic conditions ( 3 candela [ cd ] / m ) both with no glare and under the 2 levels of induced glare : 1.0 lux ( glare 1 ) and 28 lux ( glare 2 ) . the SIMCLs , in terms of BDVA , AOAM and PM outperformed BM and AOP . contact lenses performed better at level without glare , followed by Glare 1 , and with the worst results obtained under glare 2 . distance contrast sensitivity revealed statistically significant differences for 12 cycles per degree ( cpd ) . the SIMCLs , post hoc multiple comparison testing revealed that AOAM and PM provided the best BDCS at the three luminance levels . both cases , BDVA and BDCS at 12 cpd , monofocal contact lenses outperformed all SIMCL ones at all lighting conditions . Optix Aqua Multifocal and PM provided better visual performance than BM and AOP for distance vision with low addition and under dim conditions , but they all provide worse performance than monofocal contact lenses ."
4432,Abstract #4432,"determine the relation between guiding catheter size , procedural and angiographic details , and cost of coronary angioplasty . angiographic equipment used during coronary angioplasty is proposed as a method to decrease the duration of supine bed rest , length of hospital stay , and cost of expensive inpatient hospitalization . hundred and sixty patients were randomized to undergo elective coronary angioplasty with a 6Fr ( external diameter , 0.079-in ; internal diameter 0.062-in ) or 8Fr ( external diameter , 0.105-in internal diameter , 0.078-0 .079 - in ) guiding catheter . balloon dilatation catheters were used . degree peripheral vascular complications , 2 degree technical and procedural outcomes ; quantitative and qualitative quality of the coronary angiograms ; and the in-hospital ( `` bottom up '' cost accounting of equipment , supplies , support personnel , postcoronary angioplasty room ) , and physician cost ( using Resource Based Relative Value Scale ) . was no difference in peripheral vascular complications between the two groups ( 6Fr , 21 % ; 8Fr , 30 % ; P = NS ) . contrast medium was used with the 6Fr guiding catheters ( 6Fr , 178 + / - 102 mL ; 8Fr , 257 + / - 147 mL ; P = 0.0001 ) . qualitative quality of the angiograms was better with 8Fr than with 6Fr guiding catheters . the entire population , the total cost of coronary angioplasty was less with 6Fr guiding catheters ( $ 3,956 + / - $ 2,415 ) than with 8F guiding catheters ( $ 5,073 + / - $ 3,985 , P = 0.03 ) . patients with either a coronary or peripheral vascular complication , there was less cost savings ( 6F , $ 3,720 + / - $ 1,338 ; 8F , $ 4,376 + / - 2,699 , P = 0.05 ) . variables associated with increased cost included : large body mass index ; hypercholesterolemia ; nonionic contrast media ; 8F guiding catheter ; complex lesions ; and duration of procedure . use of smaller guiding catheters led to use of less contrast medium with a modest decrease in angiographic visualization . cost savings seen with 6F guiding catheters is multifactorial due to smaller arteriotomy accompanying sheath insertion and reduced rate of clinically significant coronary and peripheral vascular complications ."
4433,Abstract #4433,"A5202 randomized treatment-nave individuals to tenofovir-emtricitabine ( TDF/FTC ) or abacavir-lamivudine ( ABC/3TC ) combined with efavirenz ( EFV ) or atazanavir/ritonavir ( ATV/r ) . in the high screening viral load ( VL ) stratum ( 100,000 copies/mL ) had increased rates of virologic failure with ABC/3TC . compare regimen-specific early virologic response . Wilcoxon rank-sum tests , we compared regimen-specific VL changes from entry to week 4 in A5202 subjects ( N = 1,813 ) and from entry to week 1 , 2 , and 4 in substudy subjects ( n = 179 ) . evaluated associations between week 4 VL change and time to virologic failure with Cox proportional hazards models . and ABC/3TC produced similar week 4 VL declines in the entire study population and in the high VL stratum . produced greater VL declines from baseline at week 4 than ATV/r ( median -2.1 vs -1.9 log10 copies/mL ; P < .001 ) . the substudy of subjects with week 1 , 2 , and 4 VL data , there was no difference in VL decline in individuals randomized to TDF/FTC versus ABC/3TC , but EFV resulted in greater VL decline from entry at each of these timepoints than ATV/r . week 4 VL decline was associated with increased risk of virologic failure . all treatment arms , a less robust week 4 virologic response was associated with higher risk for subsequent virologic failure . , between-regimen differences in week 4 VL declines did not parallel the previously reported differences in longer term virologic efficacy in A5202 , suggesting that between-regimen differences in responses were not due to intrinsic differences in antiviral activity ."
4434,Abstract #4434,"from the literature seem to suggest a potential beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acid ( FA ) supplementation on Peyronie 's Disease ( PD ) . , there is a lack of evidence to show a clear clinical benefit of omega-3 in patients with PD . determine the effect of omega-3 FA supplementation on sexual functioning , penile curvature , and plaque characteristics in men with early-stage PD . were assessed with an International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF-5 ) , Sexual Encounter Profile ( SEP ) diary questions 2 and 3 , and dynamic penile duplex ultrasound before and after intracavernous injection of 20 microg prostaglandin E ( 1 ) . size , penile curvature , pain during erection , and penile artery spectral traces ( end-diastolic velocity [ EDV ] , peak systolic velocity [ PSV ] , and resistivity index [ RI ] of the left and right cavernous arteries ) were also measured . necessary , signs and symptoms of PD were assessed objectively and/or subjectively . total of 224 patients with early chronic-stage PD , aged 38-59 years , were randomized to eicosapentaenoic ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acids ( DHA ) , 1.84 g/day ( group 1 , n = 112 ) or placebo ( group 2 , n = 112 ) for 6 months . significant improvements were observed with regard to the penile curvature , pain during erection , and erectile function . mean changes from baseline values in penile curvature were +10.6 degrees , and +9.8 degrees in omega-3 and placebo groups , respectively ( P = 0.08 ) . size increased by 69.2 % and 67.9 % in omega-3 and placebo groups , respectively ( P = 0.1 ) . did not observe any improvement in plaque volume in either group . in penile pain was found to be similar in both groups . index of IIEF-5 in 6-month treatment period was 8.8 + / - 1.6 in the omega-3 group and 8.8 + / - 1.4 in the placebo group ( P = 0.1 ) . data do not support a beneficial effect of omega-3 supplementation in early-chronic stage PD ."
4435,Abstract #4435,"efficacious , reliable , and non-invasive route of administration for midazolam , a drug used for sedation and pre-anaesthetic medication , would have obvious advantages . study compares two potential methods of administering midazolam by the nasal and nebulized routes . ( 0.2 mg kg ( -1 ) ) was given by both nebulizer and nasally by liquid instillation to 10 healthy volunteers in a randomized , double-blind crossover study . concentrations of midazolam , Ramsay sedation scores , visual analogue scores , critical flicker fusion frequency , and parameters of cardiovascular and respiratory function were measured over 60 min and summarized using ` area under the curve ' . instillation caused more sedation than nebulized administration . was demonstrated by higher Ramsay sedation scores ( P = 0.005 ) , lower visual analogue scores ( P < 0.001 ) , and lower critical flicker fusion frequency ( P < 0.02 ) . instillation was associated with higher plasma concentrations of midazolam ( P < 0.001 ) . symptoms were recorded by six volunteers in the intranasal and one in the nebulized group ( P = 0.06 ) . was some evidence that midazolam caused less discomfort when given by nebulizer compared with intranasally . bioavailability of midazolam , estimated by the ratio ( nebulized : nasal ) of area under the 60 min plasma concentration curve , was 1:2.9 . higher dose may need to be administered for adequate pre-anaesthetic medication when midazolam is given by nebulizer ."
4436,Abstract #4436,"work has demonstrated that pethidine exerts local anaesthetic effects on peripheral nerves in vivo . examined the effects of infiltration anaesthesia by a combination of pethidine and lidocaine on post-tonsillectomy pain and restlessness in children . children were randomly allocated to receive peritonsillar infiltration postoperatively with 3 ml of lidocaine 2 % ( 1.5 ml on each side ) combined with either 0.1 ml pethidine , 10 mg.ml-1 , ( pethidine group ) or 0.1 ml normal saline ( control group ) . and behaviour were assessed at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 h postoperatively and on the following morning by the patients and by a nurse blinded to previous treatment . in the pethidine group had lower pain scores than those in the control group at rest as well as swallowing during the whole observation period ( P < 0.05 ) . was given to 34/40 children in the control group and to 6/40 children in the pethidine group . corresponding figures for pethidine administration were 6/40 and 0/40 , respectively . in the pethidine group displayed a more rapid return to calm wakefulness than those in the control group ( P < 0.01 ) . of a low dose of pethidine in lidocaine for tonsillar infiltration improves pain relief after tonsillectomy in children ."
4437,Abstract #4437,"investigate the immediate effects of manipulation of bilateral sacroiliac joints ( SIJs ) on the plantar pressure distribution in asymptomatic participants in the standing position . , controlled , double-blind clinical trial . asymptomatic men and women ( mean age , 20.662.56 years ) randomly assigned to 2 groups . experimental group underwent mobilization without tension of the hips in the supine position and high-velocity , low-amplitude manipulation in the SIJs bilaterally . control group underwent only mobilization , without tension of the hips in supine position . - and postintervention outcomes measured by an assessor blinded to the treatment allocation of the participants included a baropodometric analysis performed by using a force platform . between-group differences were examined with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test . chi-square test was used for categorical data . of covariance ( ANCOVA ) was used to assess differences between groups , with the preintervention value as covariant ( 95 % confidence level ) . baseline , no variables significantly differed between groups . analysis showed statistically significant differences in the location of the maximum pressure point in the experimental group ( p = 0.028 ) . - and postintervention analysis with ANCOVA showed statistically significant differences between both groups in the left hindfoot load percentage ( interaction p = 0.0259 ; ANCOVA p = 0.0277 ) , right foot load percentage ( ANCOVA p = 0.0380 ) , and surface of the right forefoot ( interaction p = 0.0038 ) . was also a significant effect in the variables that analyze the entire foot ( left foot : surface [ interaction p = 0.0452 ] , percentage of load [ ANCOVA p = 0.0295 ] ) and between both groups ( right foot : weight [ interaction p = 0.0070 ; ANCOVA p = 0.0296 ] ) . joint manipulation applied bilaterally in asymptomatic persons resulted in immediate changes in load distribution on plantar support in the standing position . limitations and suggestions for future studies are discussed ."
4438,Abstract #4438,"older people , undernutrition is associated with increased hospitalization rates and mortality . weight loss in older people often reflects a disproportionate reduction of skeletal muscle , anabolic treatments may be beneficial . aim was to evaluate the hypothesis that testosterone treatment and a nutritional supplement have additive benefits . testosterone undecanoate ( 40 mg daily for women , 80 mg twice daily for men ) and an oral nutritional supplement ( 475 kcal/d ) were administered , alone or combined , for 1 y to 49 community-dwelling , undernourished people [ Mini Nutritional Assessment score < 24 and low body weight ( body mass index , in kg/m ( 2 ) : < 22 ) or recent weight loss ( > 7.5 % over 3 mo ) ] aged > 65 y ( mean age : 77 y ; 26 women and 23 men ) . admissions and other variables were assessed . subjects receiving combined testosterone and nutritional supplements ( n = 11 ) , there were no hospital admissions , whereas there were 9 admissions ( 2 elective ) in 13 subjects in the no-treatment group , 4 in the testosterone-treated group ( n = 12 ) , and 5 in the supplement-treated group ( n = 13 ) ; P = 0.06 with no-treatment compared with combined treatment . compared with the no-treatment group , the combined-treatment group had significantly fewer subjects admitted to hospital ( 0 compared with 5 , P = 0.03 ) , fewer days in hospital ( 0 compared with 74 , P = 0.041 ) , and a longer time to hospital admission ( P = 0.017 ) . undernourished older people , combined treatment with testosterone and nutritional supplementation reduced the number of people hospitalized and the duration of hospital admissions , which are important endpoints in this group . , confirmatory studies are now needed . trial was registered before commencement at clinical trials.gov as NCT00117000 ."
4439,Abstract #4439,"evaluated the role of residual vein thrombosis ( RVT ) to assess the optimal duration of anticoagulants in patients with cancer who have deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) of the lower limbs . with active cancer and a first episode of DVT treated with low molecular weight heparin ( LMWH ) for 6 months were eligible . were managed according to RVT findings : those with RVT were randomly assigned to continue LMWH for an additional 6 months ( group A1 ) or to discontinue it ( group A2 ) , and patients without RVT stopped LMWH ( group B ) . primary end point was recurrent venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) during the 1 year after disconinuation of LMWH , and the secondary end point was major bleeding . are from the time of random assignment . October 2005 and April 2010 , 347 patients were enrolled . was detected in 242 patients ( 69.7 % ) ; recurrence occurred in 22 of the 119 patients in group A1compared with 27 of 123 patients in group A2 . adjusted hazard ratio ( HR ) for group A2 versus A1 was 1.37 ( 95 % CI , 0.7 to 2.5 ; P = .311 ) . of the 105 patients in group B developed recurrent VTE ; adjusted HR for group A1 versus B was 6.0 ( 95 % CI , 1.7 to 21.2 ; P = .005 ) . major bleeding events occurred in group A1 , and two events each occurred in groups A2 and B. HR for major bleeding in group A1 versus group A2 was 3.78 ( 95 % CI , 0.77 to 18.58 ; P = .102 ) . , 42 patients ( 12.1 % ) died during follow-up as a result of cancer progression . patients with cancer with a first DVT , treated for 6 months with LMWH , absence of RVT identifies a population at low risk for recurrent thrombotic events . of LMWH in patients with RVT up to 1 year did not reduce recurrent VTE ."
4440,Abstract #4440,"show whether the ratios of squalene and cholesterol precursor sterols to cholesterol and cholestanol and plant sterols to cholesterol change differently in plasma and especially in the red cells of hypercholesterolemic children during consumption of plant stanol and sterol ester spreads . a randomized , double-blind , crossover study , hypercholesterolemic children ( n = 23 ) consumed low-fat plant stanol and sterol ester spreads for 5-week periods separated by a 5-week washout period . and red cell lipids , squalene , and noncholesterol sterols were measured before and at the end of each period . plant stanol and sterol ester spreads lowered plasma total ( -9 % and -6 % , respectively ) and low-density lipoprotein ( -12 % and -9 % ) cholesterol but had no effect on red cell cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , or plasma triglycerides . ratios of plasma and red cell sitosterol and campesterol to cholesterol decreased by 32 % to 36 % ( P < .001 ) with the plant stanol ester and increased by 40 % to 52 % ( P < .001 ) with the sterol ester spread . of plant sterols increases and consumption of plant stanols decreases the ratios of plant sterols to cholesterol in red cells of hypercholesterolemic children proportionately to the respective changes in plasma ."
4441,Abstract #4441,"perfusion SPECT is frequently affected by artefacts related to abdominal activity . has been suggested to relieve this , but two previous studies have shown conflicting results . patients received 10 mg metoclopramide orally after injection of 99mTc-tetrofosmin for the stress scan and 86 patients had metoclopramide after their rest injection . control group of 82 patients did not receive metoclopramide . were evaluated visually by three readers . given before the stress scan led to abdominal activity being visually better in 16 scans , worse in 10 , and unchanged in 67 scans , compared to the same patient 's rest scan without metoclopramide administration . administered before the rest scan resulted in abdominal activity in 11 scans being visually better , in 19 worse , and 53 scans were deemed unchanged . differences were not significant . number of repeat stress or rest scans was not significantly different between patients who had received metoclopramide and those who had not . administration of metoclopramide , irrespective of whether it was given before the stress or rest scan , made no significant difference to inferior wall-to-abdomen count ratio . qualitative nor quantitative analysis showed an effect of metoclopramide on abdominal activity in myocardial perfusion SPECT ."
4442,Abstract #4442,"an observational study on 50 patients determined the efficacy and safety of a small calibre ( 19F ) , flexible , fluted spiral drains with round cross-section after non-cardiac thoracic surgery we undertook a prospective study to compare these drains to standard chest drains also in terms of pain using a Visual Analog Score . hundred consecutive patients who had to undergo non-cardiac chest surgery either by thoracotomy or by VATS were randomly assigned to receive small calibre drains with round cross-section ( group A ) or the standard chest drains ( group B ) to drain the pleural space . were connected to a unitized chest drainage system . was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) 0-100 . amount of fluid evacuated daily in patients who received the spiral drains was as much as 1150 ml , that of patients who received standard drains was as much as 950 ml . no case did spiral drains have to be replaced with standard tubes . group A first drain was removed after a mean of 3.4 days and the second after a mean of 5.9 days ; in group B after a mean of 4.1 and 6.1 days , respectively . were discharged after a mean of 8.5 days in group A ( SD 4.04 ) and 8.1 days in group B ( SD 4.76 ) . were no drains-related complications in both groups . drains-related pain for the patient was significantly less for patients with spiral drains compared to standard drains at rest , during cough induced by respiratory therapists and at the time of removal . drains proved to be at least as safe and effective as conventional tubes after lung surgery ; they allowed for evacuation of large amounts of blood/fluid as well as air , and were associated with minimal discomfort ."
4443,Abstract #4443,"the last 3 decades , herpes simplex virus type 2 ( HSV-2 ) infection seroprevalence and neonatal herpes have increased substantially . effective vaccine for the prevention of genital herpes could help control this epidemic . evaluate the efficacy of a vaccine for prevention of HSV-2 infection . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled multicenter trials of a recombinant subunit vaccine containing 30 microg each of 2 major HSV-2 surface glycoproteins ( gB2 and gD2 ) against which neutralizing antibodies are directed , administered at months 0 , 1 , and 6 . subjects were given a citrate buffer vehicle . were followed up for 1 year after the third immunization . enrolled 2393 persons from December 10 , 1993 , to April 4 , 1995 , who were HSV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus seronegative . trial with 18 centers enrolled 531 HSV-2-seronegative partners of HSV-2-infected persons ; the other , with 22 centers , enrolled 1862 persons attending sexually transmitted disease clinics . total of 2268 ( 94.8 % ) met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis with 1135 randomized to placebo and 2012 to vaccine . to acquisition of HSV-2 infection , defined by seroconversion or isolation of HSV-2 in culture during the study period by randomization group . curves indicated a 50 % lower acquisition rate among vaccine vs placebo recipients during the initial 5 months of the trial ; however , overall vaccine efficacy was 9 % ( 95 % confidence interval , -29 % to 36 % ) . rates of HSV-2 were 4.6 and 4.2 per 100 patient-years in the placebo and vaccine recipients , respectively ( P = .58 ) . of vaccine recipients acquiring HSV-2 infection showed vaccination had no significant influence on duration of clinical first genital HSV-2 episodes ( vaccine , median of 7.1 days ; placebo , 6.5 days ; P > .10 ) or subsequent frequency of reactivation ( median monthly recurrence rate with vaccine , 0.2 ; with placebo , 0.3 ; P > .10 ) . vaccine induced high levels of HSV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated persons who did and did not develop genital herpes . and sustained protection from sexual acquisition of HSV-2 infection will require more than high titers of specific neutralizing antibodies . against sexually transmitted viruses involving exposure over a prolonged period will require a higher degree of vaccine efficacy than that achieved in this study ."
4444,Abstract #4444,"evaluate whether specialist nurse visits enhance the social integration and perceived health of patients with stroke or alleviate stress in carers in longer term stroke care . randomised controlled trial ; both groups assessed at time of recruitment and at 3 , 6 , and 12 months . with disability related to new stroke who lived in their own homes in the Bradford Metropolitan District . patients aged 60 years or over , randomly allocated to control group ( n = 120 ) or intervention group ( n = 120 ) . -- Visits by specialist outreach nurses over 12 months to provide information , advice , and support ; minimum of six visits during the first six months . control group received no visits . Barthel index ( functional ability ) , the Frenchay activities index ( social activity ) , the Nottingham health profile ( perceived health status ) . among carers was indicated by the general health questionnaire-28 ( 28 items ) . nurses recorded their interventions in trial diaries . were no significant differences in perceived health , social activities , or stress among carers between the treatment and control groups at any of the assessments points . subgroup of mildly disabled patients with stroke ( Barthel index 15-19 ) had an improved social outcome at six months ( Frenchay activities index , Median difference 3 ( 95 % confidence interval 0 to 6 ; P = 0.03 ) and for the full 12 months of follow up ( analysis of covariance P = 0.01 ) compared with the control group . specialist nurse intervention resulted in a small improvement in social activities only for the mildly disabled patients . proved strategy yet exists that can be recommended to address the psychosocial difficulties of patients with stroke and their families ."
4445,Abstract #4445,"paper examines the moderating influence of alexithymia , splitting , and repressive coping style in the expressive writing paradigm . university students randomized to four weekly 20-minute expressive or neutral writing sessions , with 1-month follow-up . writing was more beneficial for individuals scoring higher on alexithymia and splitting , but not repressive coping . research should include personality measures in explorations of expressive writing to further understand the boundary conditions of the expressive writing paradigm ."
4446,Abstract #4446,"explore the effect of Feiyan Mixture ( FYM ) in treating infantile pneumonia and its mechanism . hundred and twenty-eight patients were treated with FYM , the effect was observed and compared with those treated with antibiotics as control . clinical observation and animal experimental studies on the FYM were carried out . effective rates of FYM and antibiotics were 89.0 % and 94.73 % respectively and no significant difference was found between two groups , chi 2 = 2.838 , P > 0.05 . study showed that FYM was effective in anti-inflammation , antitussiveness , expectoration and spasmolysis . has obvious effect of anti-inflammation , antitussiveness , expectoration and spasmolysis ."
4447,Abstract #4447,"compare vaginal with intramuscular progesterone administration to prevent preterm labor in women with singleton pregnancies and at increased risk of preterm birth . comparative clinical trial . hundred and sixty pregnant women at 20-24 weeks gestation at the risk of preterm labor were classified into : 80 women who received micronized progesterone tablets 200mg vaginally daily ( Group A ) and 80 women who received 100mg progesterone in the form of intramuscular every third day ( Group B ) . of gestational age , assessment of fetal growth and fetal biophysical profile by trans-abdominal ultrasonographic examination was done every 4 weeks till delivery . of cervical length was achieved by transvaginal ultrasonography , done every 4 weeks till delivery . of preterm delivery , mean gestational age and the incidence of adverse events of intramuscular versus vaginal route of progesterone administration . incidence of preterm delivery in Group A was 20 % and in Group B was 27.5 % . difference between both groups was statistically insignificant . addition , the rate of adverse events reported in women received injectable progesterone was significantly higher than the rate of adverse events reported in women who received vaginal progesterone therapy . administrated progesterone was nearly as equally effective as intramuscular progesterone in the prevention of preterm labor in women at risk and in the meantime has less undesirable events ."
4448,Abstract #4448,"clinicians believe that statins cause muscle pain , but this has not been observed in clinical trials , and the effect of statins on muscle performance has not been carefully studied . Effect of Statins on Skeletal Muscle Function and Performance ( STOMP ) study assessed symptoms and measured creatine kinase , exercise capacity , and muscle strength before and after atorvastatin 80 mg or placebo was administered for 6 months to 420 healthy , statin-naive subjects . individual creatine kinase value exceeded 10 times normal , but average creatine kinase increased 20.8141.1 U/L ( P < 0.0001 ) with atorvastatin . were no significant changes in several measures of muscle strength or exercise capacity with atorvastatin , but more atorvastatin than placebo subjects developed myalgia ( 19 versus 10 ; P = 0.05 ) . subjects on atorvastatin or placebo had decreased muscle strength in 5 of 14 and 4 of 14 variables , respectively ( P = 0.69 ) . results indicate that high-dose atorvastatin for 6 months does not decrease average muscle strength or exercise performance in healthy , previously untreated subjects . , this blinded , controlled trial confirms the undocumented impression that statins increase muscle complaints . also increased average creatine kinase , suggesting that statins produce mild muscle injury even among asymptomatic subjects . increase in creatine kinase should prompt studies examining the effects of more prolonged , high-dose statin treatment on muscular performance . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00609063 ."
4449,Abstract #4449,"identify predictors of long-term cessation after intervention for woman hospitalized with cardiovascular diseases ( CVD ) . randomized clinical trial ( RCT ) with a 30-month follow-up was conducted , recruiting 277 woman smokers with CVD from 10 hospitals . intervention consisted of inpatient and outpatient counseling on smoking cessation and pharmacological protocol . factors and time since quitting associated with relapse in the literature were assessed in our prediction model . nine independent variables for smoking relapse included time since quitting , group assignment , the interaction between time and group assignment , serious quit attempts and five and psychophysiological factors . self-efficacy at baseline was a significant predictor of relapse ( OR = 0.98 , 95 % CI = 0.97,0.99 ) . predictor was the interaction between time and group assignment and the finding showed that for the usual care group , increase in time since quitting provided a significant protective factor ( OR = 0.69 , 95 % CI = 0.60,0.79 ) . programs should include content on self-efficacy to help prevent relapse . interaction between time and group warrants further investigation for its prediction for relapse ."
4450,Abstract #4450,"health record ( EHR ) - linked patient portals are a promising approach to facilitate shared decision-making between families of children with chronic conditions and pediatricians . study evaluated the feasibility , acceptability , and impact of MyAsthma , an EHR-linked patient portal supporting shared decision-making for pediatric asthma . conducted a 6-month randomized controlled trial of MyAsthma at 3 primary care practices . were randomized to MyAsthma , which tracks families ' asthma treatment concerns and goals , children 's asthma symptoms , medication side effects and adherence , and provides decision support , or to standard care . included the feasibility and acceptability of MyAsthma for families , child health care utilization and asthma control , and the number of days of missed school ( child ) and work ( parent ) . statistics and longitudinal regression models assessed differences in outcomes between study arms . enrolled 60 families , 30 in each study arm ( mean age 8.3 years ) ; 57 % of parents in the intervention group used MyAsthma during at least 5 of the 6 study months . of children with moderate to severe persistent asthma used the portal more than others ; 92 % were satisfied with MyAsthma . reported that use improved their communication with the office , ability to manage asthma , and awareness of the importance of ongoing attention to treatment . in the intervention group reported that children had a lower frequency of asthma flares and intervention parents missed fewer days of work due to asthma . of an EHR-linked asthma portal was feasible and acceptable to families and improved clinically meaningful outcomes ."
4451,Abstract #4451,"demonstrate how principal components analysis can be used to describe patterns of weight changes in response to an intensive lifestyle intervention . components analysis was applied to monthly percent weight changes measured on 2,485 individuals enrolled in the lifestyle arm of the Action for Health in Diabetes ( Look AHEAD ) clinical trial . individuals were 45 to 75 years of age , with type 2 diabetes and body mass indices greater than 25 kg/m ( 2 ) . between baseline characteristics and weight loss patterns were described using analyses of variance . components collectively accounted for 97.0 % of total intrasubject variance : a gradually decelerating weight loss ( 88.8 % ) , early versus late weight loss ( 6.6 % ) , and a mid-year trough ( 1.6 % ) . agreement with previous reports , each of the baseline characteristics we examined had statistically significant relationships with weight loss patterns . examples , males tended to have a steeper trajectory of percent weight loss and to lose weight more quickly than women . with higher hemoglobin A ( 1c ) ( glycosylated hemoglobin ; HbA ( 1c ) ) tended to have a flatter trajectory of percent weight loss and to have mid-year troughs in weight loss compared to those with lower HbA ( 1c ) . components analysis provided a coherent description of characteristic patterns of weight changes and is a useful vehicle for identifying their correlates and potentially for predicting weight control outcomes ."
4452,Abstract #4452,"postprandial hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is a major challenge in the treatment of patients with diabetes . suggest that heating the insulin injection site may accelerate insulin absorption . ( InsuLine Medical Ltd. , Petach-Tikva , Israel ) is a device intended to accelerate subcutaneous insulin delivery using an insulin pump by locally warming the infusion site . aim of this study was to assess the effect of the InsuPatch device on the pharmacokinetics of short-acting insulin analogues and on postprandial glycemia . was an open-label , randomized , 2-period , 1-way crossover study using a meal tolerance test ( MTT ) protocol in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 18 to 65 years with glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA ( 1c ) ) of 6 % to 12 % , who were using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( CSII ) therapy ( insulin lispro or aspart ) . bolus of insulin 0.15 U/kg was delivered immediately before a standardized liquid meal . effect of the device on insulin absorption and postprandial glucose excursions was tested by measuring blood glucose and insulin concentration profiles with and without the operation of the device . events ( AEs ) were monitored during the 2 study visits . infusion site was visually inspected at the end of each study . AEs were recorded in the case-report form . MTT protocol was performed in 17 white patients with type 1 diabetes ( sex , male/female , 7/10 ; mean age , 31.8 years [ range , 18-53 years ] ; mean body mass index , 25.6 kg/m ( 2 ) [ range , 20.0-39 .4 kg/m ( 2 ) ] ; and mean HbA ( 1c ) , 7.1 % [ range , 5.8 % -9.3 % ] ) . mean ( SD ) postprandial glucose excursion AUC at 120 minutes after the meal was significantly reduced in the group that used the device compared with the group that did not ( 104 [ 65 ] vs 155 [ 56 ] mg/dL/h ; P < 0.005 ) . insulin was measured randomly in 9 of the 17 subjects . of the device was associated with significant reductions in mean ( SD ) T ( max ) ( 45 [ 28 ] vs 78 [ 35 ] minutes ) and time to half-maximum concentration ( T ( 50 % max ) ) ( 20 [ 11 ] vs 28 [ 10 ] minutes ; both , P < 0.05 ) . AUC increased significantly in the group that used the device compared with the group that did not at 30 ( 21 [ 6 ] vs 33 [ 16 ] mU/L/h ) , 60 ( 55 [ 12 ] vs 80 [ 28 ] mU/L/h ) , and 90 ( 93 [ 19 ] vs 118 [ 31 ] mU/L/h ) minutes after administration ( all , P < 0.05 ) . also increased significantly ( 118 [ 35 ] vs 86 [ 16 ] mU/L [ 38 % ] ; P < 0.05 ) . this pilot study , use of the InsuPatch was associated with significant decreases in T ( max ) and T ( 50 % max ) and increases in insulin AUC and C ( max ) of subcutaneous infused rapid-acting insulin analogues , resulting in a lower postprandial glucose excursion in these patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with CSII ."
4453,Abstract #4453,"aims of this pilot study were the following : 1 ) to examine patterns of adherence to a brisk walking program in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for newly diagnosed breast cancer using a prospective , randomized , controlled experimental design ; 2 ) to examine the influence of disease symptoms and treatment side effects on exercise levels ; and 3 ) to suggest methods that may improve future clinical trials of moderate-intensity exercise in similar populations . patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were randomly assigned to one of two treatment arms : usual care or usual care plus exercise . assigned to the exercise group received a standardized , self-administered , home-based brisk walking intervention in addition to usual care . day subjects completed self-report diary forms that elicited information about activity levels , and the occurrence of symptoms and side effects during cancer treatment . of self-reported daily activity levels revealed a diffusion of treatment effect . percent of the usual-care group reported maintaining or increasing their physical activity to a moderate-intensity level , while 33 % of the exercise group did not exercise at the prescribed levels . of self-reported disease symptoms and treatment side effects did not reveal clinically meaningful differences between the two groups . results of this study suggest that women who exercised regularly before receiving a breast cancer diagnosis attempted to maintain their exercise programs . who lead sedentary lifestyles may benefit from a structured exercise program that includes information and support related to exercise adherence strategies ."
4454,Abstract #4454,"purpose of this study was to assess the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on the timing of arrhythmic death . cardiac death remains a problem of epidemic proportions . its pathophysiology is an important step in devising preventive measures . studies have shown a circadian pattern of onset of sudden cardiac death . effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on this pattern has not been systematically studied . Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial ( CAST ) was a multicenter double-blind , placebo-controlled study designed to determine whether suppression of ventricular ectopic activity by means of antiarrhythmic drugs ( encainide , flecainide or moricizine ) after acute myocardial infarction would reduce the incidence of arrhythmic death . trial was terminated prematurely because of an unexpectedly high mortality rate in the active treatment group . onset of arrhythmic death in this group ( in patients not receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents ) displayed a bimodal variation , with significant peaks in midmorning and late afternoon/early evening . than half of the symptomatic events were accompanied by anginalike symptoms . 30 % of all events occurred within 2 h of awakening . data suggest the possibility of a complex interaction among antiarrhythmic drugs , sympathetic nervous system activation and acute myocardial ischemia . of future antiarrhythmic drug trials will need to take this information into account ."
4455,Abstract #4455,"evaluate the safety and plaque removal efficacy of an advanced rotating-oscillating power toothbrush relative to a sonic toothbrush with either a standard or compact brush head . studies used a randomized , examiner-blind , two-treatment , crossover design . Study 1 , subjects were instructed to use their first randomly assigned toothbrush for five to seven days and then , after abstaining from all oral hygiene for 24 hours , were assessed with the Rustogi , et al. . Navy Plaque Index . then brushed for two minutes and post-brushing plaque scores were recorded . were assigned to the alternate toothbrush and the procedures were repeated . Study 2 , subjects alternated using both brushes for approximately 10 days , then had four study visits three to four days apart ( some variability based on patient scheduling ) . Study 1 , Oral-B Triumph with a FlossAction brush head and Sonicare Elite 7300 with a full-size , standard head were compared in a two-treatment , two-period crossover study . 2 compared Oral-B Triumph with a FlossAction brush head and Sonicare Elite 7300 with a compact head in a two-treatment , four-period crossover study . subjects completed Study 1 and 48 completed Study 2 . brushes were found to be safe and significantly reduced plaque after a single brushing . Study 1 , Oral-B Triumph was statistically significantly ( p < 0.001 ) more effective in plaque removal than Sonicare Elite 7300 with the full-size brush head : whole mouth = 24 % better , marginal = 31 % better , approximal = 21 % better . Study 2 , Oral-B Triumph was statistically significantly ( p < 0.001 ) more effective than Sonicare Elite 7300 with the compact brush head : whole mouth = 12.2 % better , marginal = 14.6 % better , approximal = 12 % better . Triumph with its rotation-oscillation action was significantly more effective in single-use plaque removal than Sonicare Elite 7300 with its side-to-side sonic action when fitted with either a standard or a compact brush head ."
4456,Abstract #4456,"examine whether robotic therapy can reduce motor impairment and enhance recovery of the hemiparetic arm in persons with chronic stroke . design . hospital , outpatient care . sample of 20 persons diagnosed with a single , unilateral stroke within the past 1 to 5 years , with persistent hemiparesis . therapy was provided 3 times weekly for 6 weeks . able to reach robot targets were randomly assigned to sensorimotor or progressive-resistive robotic therapy groups . therapy consisted of goal-directed , planar reaching tasks to exercise the hemiparetic shoulder and elbow . Modified Ashworth Scale , Fugl-Meyer test of upper-extremity function , Motor Status Scale ( MSS ) score , and Medical Research Council motor power score . by a single blinded therapist revealed statistically significant gains from admission to discharge ( P < .05 ) on the Fugl-Meyer test , MSS score , and motor power score . analyses revealed group differences : the progressive-resistive therapy group experienced nonspecific improvements on wrist and hand MSS scores that were not observed in the sensorimotor group . therapy may complement other treatment approaches by reducing motor impairment in persons with moderate to severe chronic impairments ."
4457,Abstract #4457,"evaluate the influences of different doses of daily oral unopposed 17beta-estradiol compared with placebo , both on glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women . normoinsulinemic postmenopausal women were enrolled in the study . were assigned to receive randomly 1 mg ( group A ) or 2 mg ( group B ) of oral micronized estradiol therapy daily or to the placebo ( group C ) , for 12 weeks . low-dose estradiol treatment determined an improvement of the peripheral insulin sensitivity , made evident by a significant increase both in the metabolic index and oral glucose insulin sensitivity index ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 , respectively ) as well as a decrease in the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance ( p < 0.01 ) . , in the standard-dose group , the metabolic index significantly decreased ( p < 0.05 ) , showing a slight deterioration in insulin sensitivity . lipid metabolism , the 1 mg dose showed a neutral effect , while 2 mg had a beneficial effect on low density lipoprotein cholesterol , but caused an increase in triglycerides ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 , respectively ) . oral low dose of unopposed estradiol therapy had a favorable effect on glycoinsulinemic metabolism in healthy postmenopausal women ; however , the standard dose caused a slight but significant deterioration in insulin sensitivity ."
4458,Abstract #4458,"evaluate expert listeners ' perceptions of voice and fluency in persons with adductor spasmodic dysphonia ( ADSD ) before and after treatment with botulinum toxin type A ( Botox ) , as a function of initial severity of the disorder ( while controlling for patients ' age at injection ) . before-and-after trial with blinded randomized listener judgments . care clinic at a single medical center . consecutive patients with ADSD who underwent examination , with a 3 - to 6-week follow-up , after initial botulinum toxin type A injection . were also 42 age - and sex-matched healthy control subjects . of botulinum toxin type A into the thyroarytenoid muscle ( s ) . visual analog scaling judgments of voice quality and speech fluency made by expert listeners under psychoacoustically controlled conditions . to botulinum toxin type A varied markedly as a function of pretreatment severity of ADSD . severe initial symptoms exhibited greater magnitudes of improvement . with mild dysphonia did not exhibit pretreatment to posttreatment change . treatment , voice and fluency remained significantly ( P < .05 ) poorer in ADSD than in healthy speakers . patients exhibited less improvement than younger patients when the effect of initial severity was statistically controlled . quality and fluency improved for most patients following treatment , but older patients and those with milder dysphonia exhibited the least optimal responses to the procedure . who were profoundly impaired demonstrated the greatest amount of improvement . visual analog scaling provided a reliable clinical tool for determining treatment-related changes in those with ADSD ."
4459,Abstract #4459,"purpose of this study was to determine whether or not for patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck , a surgical resection leaving positive margins followed by postoperative adjuvant therapy improves the outcome compared to a matched group of patients treated with definitive radiotherapy alone . January 1985 through January 1990 a consortium of national cooperative groups ( Radiation Therapy Oncology Group , Cancer and Leukemia Group B , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group , Northern California Oncology Group , Southeast Group , and Southwest Oncology Group ) conducted a phase III clinical trial testing the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resectable , squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck . hundred and nine patients were excluded from this study due to positive surgical margins . patients have been followed prospectively with regards to local/regional tumor control , development of distant metastases , and survival . postoperative treatment of these patients was not specified by the protocol but the majority of patients received postoperative radiotherapy + / - chemotherapy . patients were compared with a matched group of patients from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group head and neck database of patients treated with definitive radiotherapy alone using a standard fractionation schema . parameters included primary tumor site , T-stage , N-stage , Karnofsky performance status , and age . curves are presented for local/regional control and survival . 4 years the local/regional control rate is 44 % for the positive margin patients compared to 24 % for the patients from the data base ( p = 0.007 ) . , there is no significant difference between the survival curves ( p = 0.76 ) with respective median survivals being 18.1 months vs. 17.9 months and 4-year survivals being 29 % vs. 25 % . an incomplete excision followed by postoperative therapy does not seem to improve survival compared to treatment with radiotherapy alone , it appears to yield significantly better local/regional control . would argue for its applicability in selected palliative settings . follow-up , Phase III trial for patients with advanced tumors may be warranted to test traditional resectability criteria ."
4460,Abstract #4460,"Escherichia coli asymptomatic bacteriuria ( ASB ) is common among persons with diabetes mellitus , but the duration of colonization and the rates of recolonization are unknown . estimated the duration of colonization and the rate of recolonization among successively isolated E. coli from diabetic women with ASB and compared the virulence profiles with uropathogenic and commensal E. coli . total of 105 women with diabetes were enrolled in a randomized , controlled clinical trial for treatment of ASB in Manitoba , Canada , and were observed at least every 3 months for up to 3 years . analyzed 517 isolates from 70 women with repeated E. coli ASB for genetic similarity using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction . strains were screened for uropathogenic virulence characteristics using dot blot hybridization and compared with different collections of E. coli isolates . average , differences were found among women assigned to treatment for ASB , those treated only for symptomatic infections , and untreated women in ( 1 ) follow-up time with bacteriuria ( 29 % , 31 % , and 66 % , respectively ; P < .001 ) , ( 2 ) duration of bacteriuria ( 2.2 , 2.5 , and 3.7 months , respectively ; P = .04 ) , and ( 3 ) carriage of unique isolates ( 2.4 , 2.8 , and 4 months , respectively ; P = .03 ) . assigned to antibiotic treatment usually had recurrent infection ( 76 % ) , 64 % of the time with a genetically new E. coli strain . characteristics of these isolates were comparable to those of fecal isolates from healthy women . may reduce the overall proportion of time infected in the long term and carriage of a unique strain , but most treatment regimens were followed by subsequent recolonization . strains did not have virulence factors characteristic of uropathogenic E. coli ."
4461,Abstract #4461,"hyperlipidemia increases cardiovascular disease risk . cornerstone of treatment is a restrictive , lipid-lowering diet . disease understandings and perceptions of dietary adherence were explored , a secondary aim of the Endothelial Assessment of Risk from Lipids in Youth trial . groups and individual interviews were conducted with participants , ages 9-20 years ( n = 50 ) . were thematically analyzed . is influenced by individual characteristics ( developmental level , knowledge ) , in the context of social interactions ( family modeling , peer relationships , school ) . practices are developed within social interactions . promoting adherence must consider children within their social contexts ."
4462,Abstract #4462,"ventricular dilation ( PHVD ) is a complication of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants and is associated with a high risk of long-term disability . and acetazolamide are used widely in the treatment of PHVD in the hope of avoiding the need for placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt , but these drugs have not been evaluated in a controlled trial . article reports a multicenter , randomized , controlled trial designed to test the hypothesis that these drugs would reduce the rate of shunt placement ( or death ) and increase survival to 1 year of age without disability . 1992 and 1996 , 177 infants who were less than 3 months past term and had ventricular width > 4 mm above the 97th centile following intraventricular hemorrhage were assigned randomly to either standard therapy or standard therapy plus drug therapy with acetazolamide ( 100 mg/kg/d ) plus furosemide ( 1 mg/kg/d ) . who were enrolled in the trial had a median gestational age of 28.6 weeks and were enrolled at a mean postnatal age of 3.6 weeks . percent were reported to have a cerebral parenchymal lesion on ultrasound scan at randomization . primary outcome measure of death or shunt placement ( known in all but 1 infant ) occurred in 56 of 88 infants who were allocated to drug plus standard therapy compared with 46 of 88 who were allocated to standard therapy . risk ratio was 1.23 ( 95 % confidence interval : 0.95-1 .59 ) . outcome information at a corrected age of 1 year ( known in all but 3 of 149 surviving infants ) included disability or neuromotor impairment in 54 of 67 infants ( 81 % ) who were allocated to drug plus standard therapy and 52 of 69 infants ( 66 % ) who were allocated to standard therapy . of 85 infants ( 85 % ) who were allocated to drug therapy either died or were disabled or impaired at 1 year compared with 62 of 89 infants ( 70 % ) who were treated with standard therapy ( risk ratio : 1.22 ; 95 % confidence interval : 1.03-1 .4376 ) . excess risk of these adverse outcomes was greater among infants who did not have a cerebral parenchymal lesion seen on ultrasound examination at trial entry . results suggest that the use of acetazolamide and furosemide in preterm infants with PHVD is ineffective in decreasing the rate of shunt placement and is associated with increased neurologic morbidity . treatment therefore can not be recommended ."
4463,Abstract #4463,"test the efficacy and safety of combining intravenous iron in amounts approximating the in utero iron accretion rate and the postnatal iron loss with erythropoietin ( EPO ) in very low birth weight ( VLBW ) infants . prospective , controlled , randomized , unmasked trial lasting 21 days was performed in 29 clinically stable VLBW infants < 31 weeks ' gestation and < 1300 g birth weight not treated with red blood cell transfusions during the study period . ( + / - standard error of the mean ) age at study entry was 23 + / - 2.9 days . a 3-day run-in baseline period in which all participants received oral supplements of 9 mg/kg/day of iron polymaltose complex ( IPC ) , participants were randomized to receive 18 days of treatment with : 1 ) oral IPC alone ( oral iron group ) ; 2 ) 300 U of recombinant human EPO ( r-HuEPO ) kg/day and daily oral IPC ( EPO + oral iron group ) ; 3 ) 2 mg/kg/day of intravenous iron sucrose , r-HuEPO , and oral iron ( intravenous iron + EPO group ) . assess efficacy of the 3 treatments , serial blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin ( Hb ) , hematocrit ( Hct ) , reticulocyte count , red blood cell indices and plasma levels of transferrin , transferrin receptor ( TfR ) , ferritin , and iron . injury was assessed before and after treatment by plasma and urine levels of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and o-tyrosine . the end of treatment , Hb , Hct , reticulocyte count , and plasma TfR were markedly higher in both of the EPO-treated groups , compared with the oral iron group . study exit a trend toward increasing Hb and Hct levels and significantly higher reticulocyte counts were observed in the intravenous iron + EPO group , compared with the EPO + oral iron group . treatment , plasma ferritin levels increased significantly in the intravenous iron + EPO group and decreased significantly in the other 2 groups . the end of treatment , ferritin levels were significantly higher in the intravenous iron + EPO group compared with the other 2 groups . plasma and urine MDA or o-tyrosine did not differ among the 3 groups , plasma MDA was significantly greater in the subgroup of intravenous iron + EPO participants sampled at the end of the 2-hour parenteral iron infusion , compared with values observed immediately before and after parenteral iron-dosing . stable VLBW infants receiving EPO treatment , parenteral supplementation with 2 mg/kg/day of iron sucrose results in a small , but significant , augmentation of erythropoiesis beyond that of r-HuEPO and enteral iron alone . , to reduce the potential adverse effects of parenteral iron/kg/day on increasing plasma ferritin levels and on causing oxidative injury , we suggest that the parenteral iron dose used should be reduced and/or the time of infusion extended to maintain a serum iron concentration below the total iron-binding capacity ."
4464,Abstract #4464,"estimated 1 in 3 American adults will have diabetes by the year 2050 . , South Carolina ranks 10th in cases of diagnosed diabetes compared to other states . adults , type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) accounts for approximately 90-95 % of all diagnosed cases of diabetes . , provider and health system factors account for < 10 % of the variance in major diabetes outcomes including hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) , lipid control , and resource use . of telemonitoring systems offer new opportunities to support patients with T2DM while waiting to be seen by their health care providers at actual office visits . variety of interventions testing the efficacy of telemedicine interventions have been conducted , but the outcomes have yielded equivocal results , emphasizing the shortage of controlled , randomized trials in this area . study provides a unique opportunity to address this gap in the literature by optimizing two strategies that have been shown to improve glycemic control , while simultaneously implementing clinical outcomes measures , using a sufficient sample size , and offering health care delivery to rural , underserved and low income communities with T2DM who are seen at Federally Qualified Health Centers ( FQHCs ) in coastal South Carolina . describe a four-year prospective , randomized clinical trial , which will test the effectiveness of technology-assisted case management in low income rural adults with T2DM . ( 200 ) male and female participants , 18 years of age or older and with an HbA1c 8 % , will be randomized into one of two groups : ( 1 ) an intervention arm employing the innovative FORA system coupled with nurse case management or ( 2 ) a usual care group . will be followed for 6-months to ascertain the effect of the interventions on glycemic control . primary hypothesis is that among indigent , rural adult patients with T2DM treated in FQHC 's , participants randomized to the technology-assisted case management intervention will have significantly greater reduction in HbA1c at 6 months of follow-up compared to usual care . from this study will provide important insight into the effectiveness of technology-assisted case management intervention ( TACM ) for optimizing diabetes care in indigent , rural adult patients with T2DM treated in FQHC 's . Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry ( http://ClinicalTrials.gov identifier # NCT01373489 ."
4465,Abstract #4465,"evaluate the efficacy , safety , and impact on asthma-specific quality of life of salmeterol , a highly selective , long-acting beta 2-agonist , compared with that of placebo ( i.e. , `` as-needed '' albuterol ) . , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group , multicenter study . hundred thirty-eight nonsmoking symptomatic patients 12 years of age and older meeting American Thoracic Society asthma criteria were enrolled at 55 outpatient clinics ; 443 patients completed the study . were randomly assigned to treatment with either salmeterol aerosol 42 micrograms twice daily or placebo ( as-needed albuterol ) for 12 weeks . assessed changes in quality of life using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ ) . measurements included daily peak expiratory flow ( PEF ) rate , daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms , results of pulmonary function tests , and supplemental albuterol use . recorded their PEF rate , supplemental albuterol use , and asthma-related symptoms daily . function tests and AQLQ assessments were performed at baseline and after 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks of treatment . measurements included vital signs , physical examination , and reports of clinical adverse events at baseline and after 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks of treatment . changes from baseline in AQLQ global and domain scores were significantly greater in the salmeterol group compared with the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . treated with salmeterol also had significant improvements in mean PEF rates , supplemental albuterol use , asthma symptom scores , and forced expiratory volume in 1 second compared with those given placebo . salmeterol and placebo were well tolerated and were not associated with any clinically significant changes in vital signs or physical examination findings . 42 micrograms twice daily resulted in significantly greater improvements in asthma-specific quality of life , pulmonary function , and asthma symptoms compared with placebo ( as-needed albuterol ) in patients with moderate persistent asthma ."
4466,Abstract #4466,"observe the effect of bronchial lavage ( BL ) on infant bronchial foreign bodies with pneumonia during the bronchoscopic surgery , and assess its clinical value . hundred and twenty-three cases aged between 1-3 years were randomly divided into two groups . control group ( n = 58 ) underwent rigid bronchoscopic retrieval of foreign bodies under general anaesthesia , and the BL group ( n = 65 ) received an additional BL using 1 % lidocaine ( 2 ml ) with 1:100000 epinephrine , and 0.125 % metronidazole ( 5 ml ) during the bronchoscopic procedure . compared intraoperative complications and postoperative recovery time between the two groups . incidence rate of complications in the BL group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . earlier recovery after surgery was achieved in the BL group ( P < 0.05 ) . BL is a safe and effective therapy for reducing the incidence of complications and improving the recovery in infant patients of bronchial foreign bodies with subsequent pneumonia ."
4467,Abstract #4467,"drug conversion of persistent atrial fibrillation usually fails . purpose of this study was to test the proarrhythmic potential , safety , and efficacy of the novel antiarrhythmic agent AZD7009 in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation ( AF ) or atrial flutter ( mean duration 43 days ) scheduled for direct current ( DC ) cardioversion . were randomized to AZD7009 ( 3-hour intravenous infusion ; n = 86 ) or placebo ( n = 36 ) . was given in doses intended to produce target pseudo-steady-state plasma levels of 0.25 , 0.50 , 0.75 , 1.0 , 1.5 , 2.0 , or 2.5 micromol/L after 30 minutes of infusion . cardioversion was performed if conversion to sinus rhythm ( SR ) did not occur within 2 hours of infusion . in a concentration-dependent manner increased the rate of conversion of AF to SR and shortened the time to conversion . the three highest target concentrations of AZD7009 , 45 % , 64 % , and 70 % of AF patients converted after a mean time of 62 , 55 , and 26 minutes , respectively , whereas no placebo-treated patients converted . was maintained for 24 hours in 21 of 22 patients with drug-associated conversion . treatment was associated with QT-interval prolongation ; the increase in QT corrected according to Fridericia typically ranged from 40 to 80 ms at targeted pseudo-steady-state plasma concentrations > or = 0.75 micromol/L , but a number of outliers with QT corrected according to Fridericia > 550 ms were seen in the higher concentration groups , particularly after conversion to SR and prolonged infusion . of the patients exhibited torsades de pointes according to predefined criteria ; however , one patient exhibited a nonsustained , polymorphic ventricular tachycardia of eight beats with torsades de pointes-like features after AZD7009 infusion ( asymptomatic and discovered only upon retrospective Holter tape analysis ) . adverse events ( primarily dizziness , bradycardia , hypotension , and nausea ) were significantly more common in the highest target concentration AZD7009 group vs placebo ( P < .001 ) . exhibited dose-dependent effects in converting AF to SR in AF patients and appeared to be associated with a low risk of proarrhythmia despite continued administration during a period of heightened vulnerability ."
4468,Abstract #4468,"of the effect compartment concentration ( Ce ) in non-steady-state conditions requires the equilibrium rate constant , keo . studies of propofol derive the keo using EEG measurements . study investigated an alternative method . from a predicted concentration-time profile , a keo value was included so that the predicted Ce at a specific pharmacodynamic end-point was the same when using three different methods of injection . patients were given propofol for induction of anaesthesia . patients received a single bolus , 25 patients received an infusion , and 25 patients received a bolus followed by an infusion . simulation was used to derive the central compartment concentration . keo that brought about the same value for Ce at loss of the eyelash reflex using the three methods of injection was derived . was found to be 0.80 min ( -1 ) . ( SD ) Ce at loss of the eyelash reflex was 2.27 ( 0.69 ) microg ml ( -1 ) . effect compartment equilibrium rate constant and concentration at loss of the eyelash reflex can be derived without the use of electronic central nervous system monitors ."
4469,Abstract #4469,"pathway function is abnormal in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ( IDDM ) without retinopathy , yet the mechanism underlying this abnormality is unknown . is hypothesised that short term changes in blood glucose level affect visual pathway function in IDDM . discrimination was measured in 10 uncomplicated aretinopathic IDDM patients during hyperinsulinaemic clamp , with the Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test ( 100 hue test ) . stable euglycaemia , patients were made hyperglycaemic ( 14 mmol/l ) , maintained euglycaemic ( 5 mmol/l ) , and rendered hypoglycaemic ( 2.5 mmol/l ) , in random order , on separate occasions at least 1 week apart . term ( 1-2 hours ) changes in blood glucose did not affect colour discrimination : mean ( SD ) 100 hue error score at 2.5 mmol/l was 34 ( 22 ) compared with 35 ( 33 ) at 5 mmol/l , and 39 ( 28 ) at 14 mmol/l . data suggest that short term ( 1-2 hours ) changes in blood glucose are not the mechanism for visual pathway dysfunction in aretinopathic IDDM patients ."
4470,Abstract #4470,"'s safety and acceptability was assessed among women in Gugulethu and Ga-Rankuwa , South Africa . randomized , placebo-controlled , triple-blind trial was conducted in HIV-negative , nonpregnant women who inserted Carraguard or placebo at least three times a week , including before vaginal sex , for 6 to 12 months . visits included pelvic examination , sexually transmitted infection ( STI ) testing/treatment and HIV counseling/testing . was assessed quarterly . 400 women ( 205 Carraguard , 195 placebo ) enrolled , 328 ( 77 % ) completed at least 6 months . of genital epithelial disruption was similar between the Carraguard ( 13.6 per 100 woman-years ) and placebo ( 21.3 per 100 woman-years ) groups ( relative risk , 0.64 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.37-1 .10 ) ; there were no significant differences in rates of HIV/STI , though the study was not powered to determine effectiveness . 2 % of adverse events were judged possibly related to ( either ) gel . than 94 % of women reported at least once liking the gel very much . was not associated with more vaginal , cervical or external genital irritation than placebo , and it was acceptable when used approximately 3.5 times per week , including during sex ."
4471,Abstract #4471,"establish whether intraocular pressure ( IOP ) fluctuations contribute to the risk of developing glaucoma in patients with high-risk ocular hypertension . patients included in the Malm Ocular Hypertension Study were examined every 3 months with office-hours diurnal tension curves and computerised perimetry . were followed up prospectively for 10 years or until glaucomatous visual field loss could be demonstrated . data were included in the analyses , extending maximum follow-up to 17 years . 17 years , 37 patients had developed glaucomatous visual field defects . applying univariate Cox regression analyses , mean IOP of all measurements during the prospective part of the study was a significant risk factor for developing glaucoma ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.08-1 .39 ) , while IOP fluctuations were almost significant ( 95 % CI 0.98-1 .93 ) . separating effects of mean IOP level and mean IOP fluctuation using Cox multiple regression analysis , only IOP level came out as significant ( 95 % CI 1.09-1 .38 ) , and IOP fluctuations did not contribute to the risk ( 95 % CI 0.80-1 .60 ) . fluctuation depended linearly on IOP level ( p < 0.0001 ) , i.e. IOP fluctuation was larger in eyes with higher IOP levels . fluctuations were not an independent risk factor for the incidence of glaucomatous visual field loss in subjects with ocular hypertension ."
4472,Abstract #4472,"test whether olanzapine , an atypical antipsychotic , is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) 1A2 activity , we conducted a drug interaction study with theophylline , a known CYP1A2 substrate . , randomized , crossover study . research laboratory . healthy males ( 16 smokers , 3 nonsmokers ) . the a priori expectation was no effect of olanzapine on theophylline pharmacokinetics , a parallel study using cimetidine was included as a positive control . group 1 , 12 healthy subjects received a 30-minute intravenous infusion of aminophylline 350 mg after 9 consecutive days of either olanzapine or placebo . group 2 , seven healthy subjects received a similar aminophylline infusion after 9 consecutive days of either cimetidine or placebo . of theophylline and its metabolites in serum and urine were measured for 24 and 72 hours , respectively . concentrations of olanzapine and its metabolites were measured for 24 hours after the next to last dose and 168 hours after the last olanzapine dose . did not affect theophylline pharmacokinetics . , cimetidine significantly decreased theophylline clearance and the corresponding formation of its metabolites . excretion of theophylline and its metabolites was unaffected by olanzapine but was reduced significantly by cimetidine . concentrations of olanzapine ( 15.3 ng/ml ) , 10-N-glucuronide ( 4.9 ng/ml ) , and 4 ' - N-desmethyl olanzapine ( 2.5 ng/ml ) were observed after olanzapine 10 mg once/day and were unaffected by coadministration of theophylline . predicted by in vitro studies , steady-state concentrations of olanzapine and its metabolites did not affect theophylline pharmacokinetics and should not affect the pharmacokinetics of other agents metabolized by the CYP1A2 isozyme ."
4473,Abstract #4473,"compare and analyse the efficiency of the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency and the traditional method in tonsillectomy . patients with chronic tonsillitis were randomly divided into group A ( 39 cases ) and group B ( 25 cases ) . in the group A were treated with traditional method tonsillectomy while patients in the group B were treated with low-temperature plasma radio frequency tonsillectomy . differences in operation time , blood loss , and postoperative pain as well as the incidence of postoperative between two groups . were significant differences in operative time , blood loss , and postoperative pain ( P < 0.05 ) between two groups , but there was no obvious difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding ( P > 0.05 ) . plasma radiofrequency tonsillectomy is a safer method and has many superiorities including shorter operative time , less blood loss , quicker recovery of postoperative pain compared with traditional tonsillectomy ."
4474,Abstract #4474,"investigate the possible role of baseline plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha levels ( baseline-TNF ) on the clinical response to infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . with RA refractory to methotrexate received 3 , 6 , or 10 mg/kg of infliximab every 8 weeks , in a randomised , double-blind manner : the RISING study . response ( disease activity score in 28 joints based on C-reactive protein or American College of Rheumatology core set ) at week 54 and serum infliximab levels were compared in three patient groups with low , intermediate , or high baseline-TNF ( TNF-low , TNF-int , or TNF-high ) . TNF-low patients , the clinical response to different doses of infliximab was comparable , whereas TNF-int patients exhibited a dose-dependent trend . contrast , TNF-high patients ( approximately 13 % of the total patients ) had a clinical response to 10 mg/kg significantly better than the response to 3 and 6 mg/kg of infliximab . TNF-high patients , the median trough serum levels of infliximab were below the detection limit ( < 0.1 g/ml ) at 3 and 6 mg/kg but were greater than 2 g/ml at 10 mg/kg , whereas the levels were approximately 1 g/ml for each dosage group in TNF-low patients . patients with RA , baseline-TNF is significantly associated with the clinical response to infliximab in patients with a high baseline-TNF . higher dose of infliximab may be necessary in these patients , whereas lower doses of infliximab are sufficient for those with a low baseline-TNF . may be a useful measure for personalising the treatment of RA using infliximab ."
4475,Abstract #4475,"effects of dietary changes on osteoporosis , low bone density , and frequent falls are unestablished . assessed the effect of the Women 's Health Initiative Dietary Modification low-fat and increased fruit , vegetable , and grain intervention on incident hip , total , and site-specific fractures and self-reported falls , and , in a subset , on bone mineral density ( BMD ) . women ( n = 48,835 ) aged 50-79 y ( 18.6 % of minority race-ethnicity ) were randomly assigned to receive the Dietary Modification intervention ( 40 % , n = 19,541 ) ( daily goal : < or = 20 % of energy as fat , > or = 5 servings of vegetables and fruit , and > or = 6 servings of grains ) or to a comparison group that received no dietary changes ( 60 % ; n = 29,294 ) . a mean 8.1 y of follow-up , 215 women in the intervention group and 285 women in the comparison group ( annualized rate : 0.14 % and 0.12 % , respectively ) experienced a hip fracture ( hazard ratio : 1.12 ; 95 % CI : 0.94 , 1.34 ; P = 0.21 ) . intervention group ( n = 5423 ; annualized rate : 3.44 % ) had a lower rate of reporting > or = 2 falls than did the comparison group ( n = 8695 ; annualized rate : 3.67 % ) ( HR : 0.92 ; 95 % CI : 0.89 , 0.96 ; P < 0.01 ) . was a significant interaction according to hormone therapy use ; those in the comparison group receiving hormone therapy had the lowest incidence of hip fracture . a subset of 3951 women , hip BMD at years 3 , 6 , and 9 was 0.4-0 .5 % lower in the intervention group than in the comparison group ( P = 0.003 ) . low-fat and increased fruit , vegetable , and grain diet intervention modestly reduced the risk of multiple falls and slightly lowered hip BMD but did not change the risk of osteoporotic fractures . trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611 ."
4476,Abstract #4476,"anesthesia may adversely affect renal function . purpose of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of nicardipine in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia . this double-blinded randomized controlled study , healthy patients undergoing orthognathic surgery were enrolled to evaluate renal function during and after hypotensive anesthesia . predictor variable was the agent , nicardipine vs remifentanil , used to maintain mean arterial pressure at 50 to 65 mm Hg . outcome variables were renal function markers and secondary outcome variables were hemodynamic data , which were measured before hypotension , 2 hours after hypotension , 1 hour postoperatively ( t3 ) , and 24 hours postoperatively . mixed model was used to analyze repeatedly measured data . patients were randomly allocated to receive remifentanil ( R group ; n = 23 ) or nicardipine ( N group ; n = 23 ) . renal tubular function marker , urinary N-acetyl-1 -- D-glucosaminidase ( NAG ) , was lower at t3 in the N group than in the R group ( P = .014 ) . the N group , fractional excretion of sodium was significantly higher at t3 compared with baseline ( P < .0001 ) . 2 groups did not show any differences in estimated creatinine clearance and serum cystatin C. and reversible renal dysfunction appears during hypotensive anesthesia in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery . infusion of nicardipine attenuated the increase in NAG , which is a marker of renal tubular injury , during hypotensive anesthesia with desflurane and remifentanil ."
4477,Abstract #4477,"i.v. administration of 10 mg of dexamethasone reduced postoperative dizziness and nausea without adverse effects in patients undergoing canal wall-up mastoidectomy , but did not reduce postoperative pain . investigate the efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing postoperative dizziness , nausea and pain in patients undergoing canal wall-up mastoidectomy . prospective , randomized , double-blind study was performed between January 2002 and December 2004 . total of 162 patients ( 66 males , 96 females ) scheduled for canal wall-up mastoidectomy were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either i.v. dexamethasone ( 10 mg in 2 ml ) or i.v. placebo ( 2 ml of normal saline ) during mastoidectomy . standard general anesthetic technique was employed throughout the surgical procedure . 3 , 6 and 24 h after surgery , patients completed questionnaires regarding postoperative dizziness , nausea and pain , with their responses being given on a visual analog scale . were no postoperative complications in either group . to the placebo group , the dexamethasone group showed reduced postoperative dizziness and reduced nausea ( p < 0.05 for both ) at 24 h postoperatively . to the placebo group , dexamethasone had no effect on postoperative pain ."
4478,Abstract #4478,"development of experimental models that readily translate between animals and humans is required to better integrate and clarify the biological , behavioural and cognitive mechanisms that underlie normal fear and pathological anxiety . of low concentrations of carbon dioxide ( CO ( 2 ) ) increases anxiety and autonomic arousal in humans , triggers related behaviours in small animals , and increases selective attention to threat in healthy humans . the effects on broader cognitive ( non-emotional ) processes that characterize anxiety are not known . examine the effect of 7.5 % CO ( 2 ) inhalation ( vs. air ) on the efficiency of discrete attention networks implicated in anxiety : alerting ( maintaining an alert state ) , orienting ( the selection of information from sensory input ) and executive control ( resolving cognitive conflict ) . healthy human participants completed a computerized Attention Network Test ( ANT ) during inhalation of 7.5 % CO ( 2 ) enriched and normal/medical air . was administered blind to participants with inhalation order counterbalanced across participants . of heart rate , blood pressure and subjective mood/anxiety were obtained at baseline and following each inhalation period . ( 2 ) inhalation increased anxiety , autonomic arousal and the efficiency of alerting and orienting attention network function . response to CO ( 2 ) correlated with increased orienting ; and CO ( 2 ) - induced anxiety , autonomic arousal and orienting network function increased with chronic ( trait ) anxiety . that CO ( 2 ) modulates attention mechanisms involved in the temporal detection and spatial location of salient stimuli converges with evidence that CO ( 2 ) triggers fear behaviour in animals via direct innervation of a distributed neural network that facilitates environmental hypervigilance ."
4479,Abstract #4479,"explore whether the risk of incident tibiofemoral ( TF ) osteoarthritis ( OA ) in the radiographically normal contralateral knee of overweight/obese women with unilateral knee OA is mediated by malalignment and/or preceded by increased turnover of subchondral bone . used data of post hoc analyses from a randomized controlled trial . analyses evaluated the baseline association between frontal plane alignment and bone turnover in the medial TF compartment in 78 radiographically normal contralateral knees . analyses ascertained whether incident radiographic OA ( TF osteophyte formation within 30 months ) was associated with malalignment and/or increased bone turnover at baseline . subcategories ( varus/neutral/valgus ) were based on the anatomic axis angle . 99m ) Tc-methylene diphosphonate uptake in a late-phase bone scan was quantified in regions of interest in the medial tibia ( MT ) and medial femur ( MF ) and adjusted for uptake in a reference segment of the ipsilateral tibial shaft ( TS ) . and MT uptake in varus contralateral knees was 50-55 % greater than in the TS . MT uptake in varus contralateral knees was significantly greater than that in neutral and valgus contralateral knees ( mean 1.55 versus 1.38 and 1.43 , respectively ; P < 0.05 ) . 69 contralateral knees followed longitudinally , 22 ( 32 % ) developed TF OA . angulation was associated with a marginally significant increase in the odds of incident OA ( adjusted odds ratio 3.98 , P = 0.067 ) . the small sample size limited our ability to detect statistically significant risk factors , these data suggest that the risk of developing bilateral TF OA in overweight/obese women may be mediated by varus malalignment ."
4480,Abstract #4480,"several studies have reported short-term gains for drug-use prevention programs targeted at young adolescents , few have assessed the long-term effects of such programs . information is essential for judging how long prevention benefits last . paper reports results over a 6-year period for a multisite randomized trial that achieved reductions in drug use during the junior high school years . 11-lesson curriculum , which was tested in 30 schools in eight highly diverse West Coast communities , focused on helping 7th and 8th grade students develop the motivation and skills to resist drugs . were randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions . 4000 students were assessed in grade 7 and six times thereafter through grade 12 . effects were adjusted for pretest covariates and school effects . the lessons stopped , the program 's effects on drug use stopped . on cognitive risk factors persisted for a longer time ( many through grade 10 ) , but were not sufficient to produce corresponding reductions in use . is unlikely that early prevention gains can be maintained without additional prevention efforts during high school . research is needed to develop and test such efforts ."
4481,Abstract #4481,"glycol 3350 ( MiraLAX , Braintree Laboratories Inc. , Braintree , MA , USA ) is approved for the short-term treatment of occasional constipation . extend the safety data of polyethylene glycol used for chronic treatment of chronic constipation . subjects who met defined criteria for chronic constipation were enrolled in this open-labelled , single-treatment multi-centre study to receive polyethylene glycol laxative as a single daily dose of 17 g for 12 months . returned to their study centres after 2 , 4 , 6 , 9 and 12 months of treatment where blood and urine samples were collected and adverse events were reviewed . each visit , subjects were queried for ROME constipation criteria and they rated their overall improvement using a global efficacy scale . patients including 117 , age 65 and older , were enrolled and received treatment at one of 50 centres . hundred and eighty-four completed all 12 months of treatment . respect to the ` Global Efficacy Assessment ' , depending on the month of observation , 80-88 % of enrolled patients , and 84-94 % of the elderly , were treated successfully . results were obtained from secondary efficacy measures that assessed individual ROME constipation criteria at each visit . response to treatment was durable over time . the 1-year course of study representing 218 patient-years at the labelled dose , medication-associated adverse effects were gastrointestinal complaints of diarrhoea , loose stool , flatulence and nausea . effects were generally mild or moderate in severity . were no clinically significant changes in haematology or blood chemistry , particularly electrolytes , for the study population as a whole or the elderly group . glycol laxative is safe and effective for treating constipation in adult and elderly patients for periods up to 12 months , with no evidence of tachyphylaxis ."
4482,Abstract #4482,"determine whether sedation with propofol would lead to shorter times to tracheal extubation and ICU length of stay than sedation with midazolam . , randomized , open label . academic tertiary-care ICUs in Canada . ill patients requiring continuous sedation while receiving mechanical ventilation . allocation by predicted requirement for mechanical ventilation ( short sedation stratum , < 24 h ; medium sedation stratum , > or = 24 and < 72 h ; and long sedation stratum , > or = 72 h ) to sedation regimens utilizing propofol or midazolam . an intention-to-treat analysis , patients randomized to receive propofol in the short sedation stratum ( propofol , 21 patients ; midazolam , 26 patients ) and the long sedation stratum ( propofol , 4 patients ; midazolam , 10 patients ) were extubated earlier ( short sedation stratum : propofol , 5.6 h ; midazolam , 11.9 h ; long sedation stratum : propofol , 8.4 h ; midazolam , 46.8 h ; p < 0.05 ) . results showed that patients treated with propofol ( n = 46 ) were extubated earlier than those treated with midazolam ( n = 53 ) ( 6.7 vs 24.7 h , respectively ; p < 0.05 ) following discontinuation of the sedation but were not discharged from ICU earlier ( 94.0 vs 63.7 h , respectively ; p = 0.26 ) . patients spent a larger percentage of time at the target Ramsay sedation level than midazolam-treated patients ( 60.2 % vs 44.0 % , respectively ; p < 0.05 ) . a treatment-received analysis , propofol sedation either did not differ from midazolam sedation in time to tracheal extubation or ICU discharge ( sedation duration , < 24 h ) or was associated with earlier tracheal extubation but longer time to ICU discharge ( sedation duration , > or = 24 h , < 72 h , or > or = 72 h ) . use of propofol sedation allowed for more rapid tracheal extubation than when midazolam sedation was employed . did not result in earlier ICU discharge ."
4483,Abstract #4483,"determine dose-dependent effects of T administration on cardiovascular risk markers in women with low T levels . hysterectomized women with or without oophorectomy with total T < 31 ng/dL and/or free T < 3.5 pg/mL received a standardized transdermal estradiol regimen during the 12-week run-in period and were then randomized to receive weekly im injections of placebo or 3 - , 6.25 - , 12.5 - , or 25-mg T enanthate for 24 weeks . and free T levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis , respectively . resistance and inflammatory markers were measured at baseline and 24 weeks . a subset of women , magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen was performed to quantify abdominal fat volume . women who completed the 24-week intervention were included in the final analysis . five groups were similar at baseline . on-treatment nadir total T concentrations were 14 , 79 , 105 , 130 , and 232 ng/dL in the placebo group and the 3 - , 6.25 - , 12.5 - , and 25-mg groups , respectively . significant changes in fasting glucose , fasting insulin , homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance , high sensitivity C-reactive protein , adiponectin , blood pressure , and heart rate were observed at any T dose when compared to placebo . , no dose - or concentration-dependent changes were observed in abdominal fat on magnetic resonance imaging . T administration over a wide range of doses for 24 weeks in women with low T levels was not associated with worsening of cardiovascular risk markers ."
4484,Abstract #4484,"investigated the effect of intratympanic gentamicin and dexamethasone treatments on the control of vertigo and hearing loss in patients with Meniere 's disease . patients with a diagnosis of Meniere 's disease according to the 1995 criteria of American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery were assigned to receive intratympanic gentamicin ( 40 mg/ml , 0.7 ml ; n = 24 ; 11 males , 13 females ; mean age 46 years ) or dexamethasone ( 4 mg/ml , 0.7 ml ; n = 21 ; 8 males , 13 females ; mean age 50.4 years ) . results were evaluated with respect to changes in vertigo and hearing symptoms . the gentamicin group , vertigo symptoms were controlled in 22 patients ( 92 % ) , deterioration in hearing was seen in only two patients ( 8 % ) . the dexamethasone group , nine patients had complete follow-up . these , vertigo control was achieved in six patients ( 67 % ) , none had worsened hearing , and one patient ( 5 % ) had improved hearing . improvement in hearing was defined as at least a 5 dB change , then five patients ( 24 % ) benefited from treatment . treatment modalities in Meniere 's disease are easy to perform , cheap , and effective . are expected to have a more extensive use with higher success rates in the future ."
4485,Abstract #4485,"injection and physiotherapy are two commonly prescribed interventions for management of lateral epicondylalgia . injections are the most clinically efficacious in the short term but are associated with high recurrence rates and delayed recovery , while physiotherapy is similar to injections at 6 weeks but with significantly lower recurrence rates . practitioners frequently recommend combining physiotherapy and injection to overcome harmful effects and improve outcomes , study of the benefits of this combination of treatments is lacking . are also faced with the paradox that the powerful anti-inflammatory corticosteroid injections work well , albeit in the short term , for a non-inflammatory condition like lateral epicondylalgia . , these injections have not been rigorously tested against placebo injections . study primarily addresses both of these issues . randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design will evaluate the clinical efficacy , cost-effectiveness and recurrence rates of adding physiotherapy to an injection . addition , the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of corticosteroid injection beyond that of a placebo saline injection will be studied . participants with a diagnosis of lateral epicondylalgia will be randomly assigned by concealed allocation to one of four treatment groups - corticosteroid injection , saline injection , corticosteroid injection with physiotherapy or saline injection with physiotherapy . will comprise 8 sessions of elbow manipulation and exercise over an 8 week period . follow-up assessments will be conducted at baseline , 4 , 8 , 12 , 26 and 52 weeks after randomisation . primary outcome will be a participant rating of global improvement , from which measures of success and recurrence will be derived . will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis using linear mixed and logistic regression models . costs will be collected from a societal perspective , and along with willingness-to-pay and quality of life data will facilitate cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses . trial will utilise high quality trial methodologies in accordance with CONSORT guidelines . from this study will assist in the development of evidence based practice recommendations and potentially the optimisation of resource allocation for rehabilitating lateral epicondylalgia . New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12609000051246 ."
4486,Abstract #4486,"pathogenesis of preterm birth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes linked with reproductive tract infection remains poorly understood . enzymes , including mucinases and sialidases ( neuraminidase ) , are recognized virulence factors among enteropathogens and bacteria that cause periodontal infection . of maternal cervicovaginal mucosa membrane host defenses by such enzyme-producing microorganisms may increase the risk of subclinical intrauterine infection during pregnancy and thus increase risks of preterm birth . prospectively evaluated vaginal fluid mucinase and sialidase and selected cervicovaginal bacteria along with pregnancy outcomes in 271 women . this study , women with bacterial vaginosis ( 16 to 27 week ' gestation ) were treated with 2 % clinadmycin vaginal cream or placebo . , microbial findings , treatment effects , and pregnancy outcomes were compared among drug - and placebo-treated women and control women without bacterial vaginosis . of bacterial vaginosis at intake was associated with increased risk of preterm birth ( relative risk 3.3 , 95 % confidence interval 1.2 to 9.1 , p = 0.02 ) , premature rupture of membranes ( relative risk 3.8 , 95 % confidence interval 1.6 to 9.0 , p = 0.002 ) , and preterm premature rupture of membranes . and sialidase activities were more commonly identified , and they occurred in higher concentrations , if present , in women with bacterial vaginosis ( mucinase : 44.3 % with bacterial vaginosis vs 27.4 % without , p = 0.007 ; sialidase : 45 % with bacterial vaginosis vs 12 % without p < 0.001 ) . activity was associated with bacterial vaginosis-linked organisms ( Gardnerella vaginalis , Mobiluncus spp , and Mycoplasma hominis ) and Chlamydia trachomatis and yeast species ; mucinase activity was associated only with bacterial vaginosis-linked microorganisms . , 2 % cream , was effective treatment for bacterial vaginosis and temporarily reduced mucinase and sialidase activities . treatment of bacterial vaginosis did not reduce risks of perinatal morbidity . with persistent or recurrent sialidase 8 weeks after treatment were at increased risk of preterm birth ( 15.6 % vs 7.4 % ) premature rupture of membranes ( 30 % vs 15 % ) , and low birth weight ( 20 % vs 3 % , relative risk 6.8 , 95 % confidence interval 1.6 to 28.1 ) . of sialidase-producing vaginal microorganisms in numbers sufficient to increase vaginal fluid sialidase activity may be a risk factor for possibly preventable subclinical intrauterine infection and preterm birth . study confirms and further informs our understanding of the association of bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth ; studies to evaluate whether systemic treatment for bacterial vaginosis can effectively reduce vaginal mucolytic enzymes and risks of prematurity and other morbid outcomes are continuing ."
4487,Abstract #4487,"learning multiple tasks , blocked or random training schedules may be used . assessed the effects of blocked and random schedules on the acquisition and retention of laparoscopic skills . laparoscopic novices were randomized to practice laparoscopic tasks using blocked , random , or no additional training . performed immediate post-tests , followed by retention tests 6 weeks later . included previously validated Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery ( FLS ) and hand-motion efficiency scores . blocked and random groups had significantly higher FLS and hand-motion efficiency scores over baseline on post-tests for each task ( P < .05 ) and higher overall FLS scores than controls on retention tests ( P < .01 ) . difference was seen between the blocked and random groups in the amount of skill acquired or skill retained . blocked and random training schedules can be considered as valid training options to allow programs and learners to tailor training to their individual needs ."
4488,Abstract #4488,"hatching can improve the implantation rate in cycles with poor outcome . impact of assisted hatching in embryos from women with endometriosis is not known . , the hypothesis that the implantation potential of embryos obtained from women with endometriosis can be improved with assisted hatching was tested . a prospective randomized study , transfer embryos obtained from 60 women with endometriosis were hatched using a laser system and compared to embryos obtained from patients with the same diagnosis which were left intact ( n = 30 ) . characteristics of cycles were similar between groups . pregnancy ( 40 % zona intact , 28.3 % assisted hatching ) , and implantation rates ( 19.4 % zona intact , 17.8 % assisted hatching ) did not differ in endometriosis cycles regardless of assisted hatching . hatching does not improve outcome in women with endometriosis undergoing assisted reproduction ."
4489,Abstract #4489,"objective was to address the efficacy of 5 days of dexamethasone therapy in preterm infants dependent on ventilation and to measure adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated cortisol release after therapy . was a randomized , masked trial . were evaluated with Fisher 's exact test and Wilcoxon test . preterm infants in a newborn intensive care unit who were dependent on ventilation were enrolled at 8 to 24 days of age . or normal saline solution was used for treatment . main outcome measure was ventilator independence . therapy correlated to successful extubation . peak adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated cortisol concentrations were lower in infants treated with dexamethasone than in infants treated with saline solution . 5-day course of dexamethasone may be adequate to achieve ventilator independence . difference in peak cortisol concentrations may reflect suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by dexamethasone or a higher peak cortisol response in the infants treated with saline solution who have higher ventilatory acuity after therapy ."
4490,Abstract #4490,"evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of action of a protease inhibitor ( ulinastatin ) in septic shock . , randomized , controlled trial . university laboratory . mongrel dogs . of the protease inhibitors , ulinastatin , a glycoprotein ( molecular weight 67,000 daltons ) detected in human urine was estimated . used Escherichia coli to obtain a model of septic shock in dogs in vivo study . neutrophils were used as an activating target in vitro . final concentration of E. coli was 1.9 x 10 ( 6 ) colony-forming units/mL . was no significant difference in E. coli concentration between ulinastatin-treated and control groups . neutrophils treated with 100 U/mL of ulinastatin showed 70.5 % to 78.7 % of the superoxide production or untreated neutrophils . activity was enhanced in a dose-dependently manner by ulinastatin . a ulinastatin concentration of 100 U/mL , an approximate two-fold increase in activation was found . the ulinastatin-treated group , cardiac index , blood pressure , lactic acid , blood glucose , and blood base values significantly improved 60 mins after ulinastatin administration , and the bacterial count was significantly decreased , while the endotoxin concentration in the control group showed a continuous increase of endotoxin concentration . improvement in the monitored factors observed 60 mins after initiation of treatment persisted after the end of treatment . survival rate after 1 wk in the ulinastatin-treated group was 84 % ( five of six dogs survived ) , while it was 16 % ( one of six dogs survived ) in the control group ( p = .04 ) . does not have antimicrobial activity , and it does not sufficiently activate phagocytes . is suggested that the efficacy of this agent in experimental septic shock is due to a mechanism that activates the reticuloendothelial system and septic reactions ."
4491,Abstract #4491,"investigate the influence of multisensory stimulations in a Snoezelen room on the balance of individuals with dementia . controlled trial . long-term care home . residents ( average age 86 years ) , in a long-term care home diagnosed with dementia , were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups . participants completed the study . intervention group participants completed 30-minute Snoezelen room sessions twice a week for six weeks . were guided by participants ' preferences for stimulation . with tactile , visual and proprioceptive sensations were encouraged . control group participants received an equal amount of volunteer visits . Functional Reach Test , the eyes-open Sharpened Romberg and the Timed Up and Go Test with and without dual task , assessed static and dynamic balance at baseline and after the intervention . frequencies were recorded six weeks before , during and after intervention . journal was kept of observations in Snoezelen room . MANOVA analyses revealed no significant effects of unstructured Snoezelen room sessions on participants ' balance . were no multivariate effects of time ( F ( 4,14 ) = 1.13 , P = 0.38 ) or group ( F ( 4,14 ) = 0.63 , P = 0.65 ) . membership did not alter falls frequency . , observations of participants ' interactions with elements of the Snoezelen room , such as imagery-induced head and eye movements , vibrating sensations and kicking activities , captured events that can be used to create specific multisensory balance-enhancing stimulations . the null hypothesis was not rejected , further investigation of a potential to influence balance in individuals with dementia through Snoezelen room intervention in long-term care homes is warranted ."
4492,Abstract #4492,"point of care testing ( PoCT ) for general practitioners is becoming increasingly popular , few studies have investigated whether it represents value for money . study aims to assess the relative cost-effectiveness of PoCT in general practice ( GP ) compared to usual testing practice through a pathology laboratory . cost-effectiveness analysis based on a randomized controlled trial with 4,968 patients followed up for 18 months and fifty-three general practices in urban , rural and remote locations across three states in Australia.The incremental costs and health outcomes associated with a clinical strategy of PoCT for INR , HbA1c , lipids , and ACR were compared to those from pathology laboratory testing . were expressed in year 2006 Australian dollars . bootstrapping was used to generate 95 % confidence intervals . point estimate of the total direct costs per patient to the health care sector for PoCT was less for ACR than for pathology laboratory testing , but greater for INR , HbA1c and Lipids , although none of these differences was statistically significant . led to significant cost savings to patients and their families . uncertainty around the point estimates was taken into account , the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ( ICER ) for PoCT was found to be unfavourable for INR , but somewhat favourable for ACR , while substantial uncertainty still surrounds PoCT for HbA1c and Lipids . decision whether to fund PoCT will depend on the price society is willing to pay for achievement of the non-standard intermediate outcome indicator . New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12605000272695 ."
4493,Abstract #4493,"is prevalent among people with dementia ( PWD ) in nursing homes . frustrates both the PWD and their caregivers . is a non-pharmacological intervention whose effectiveness is supported by preliminary studies . , there is still a dearth of evidence to explain its effect for clinical use and further research . present study is being conducted primarily to investigate the effects of acupressure as compared with sham-acupressure and usual care . study is a multicenter , assessor/participant/statistician-blinded , parallel group , randomized controlled trial taking place in Hong Kong nursing homes . have been recruiting PWD over 65 years of age in nursing homes , who are experiencing agitation ; 99 participants will be recruited in order to demonstrate a significant effect difference ( that is , f = 0.27 ) with a power of 0.8 and a significance level of 0.05 among the three groups . are assigned by permuted block randomization into three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio . the acupressure group , participants receive acupressure at the Fengchi ( GB20 ) , Baihui ( GV20 ) , Shenmen ( HT7 ) , Niguan ( PC6 ) and Yingtang ( EX-HN3 ) acupoints . the sham-acupressure group , participants receive pressure on five non-acupoints . the usual-care group , participants receive no intervention apart from the care provided by the nursing homes . assigned to the sham-acupressure and usual-care groups receive free acupressure , like those in the acupressure group , after completion of the study . whole study lasts for 30 weeks , and its primary outcome measure is agitation . general estimated equation model will be used to compare the effects among groups and time points . trial is currently recruiting participants . trial will provide a higher quality of evidence than previous studies on the use of acupressure for agitation in PWD . will also provide newer evidence on acupressure in the population of PWD with agitation for clinical application and further research , including the effect on moderating stress , the delayed effect , the added effect on the placebo , and the effect on moderating the participant 's use of psychotropic drugs . for Clinical Trials Clinical Trials Registry : CUHK_CCT00347 ( Registration date : 13 December 2012 ) ."
4494,Abstract #4494,"etanercept is used as a continuous therapy for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis , intermittent use may be necessary in some instances . this randomized , open-label study , we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of continuous versus interrupted etanercept therapy . patients received uninterrupted etanercept 50 mg twice weekly during the first 12 weeks , followed by either continuous ( n = 1272 ) or interrupted ( n = 1274 ) etanercept 50 mg once weekly in the next 12 weeks . primary effectiveness end point was the proportion of responders ( those who achieved a Physician 's Global Assessment [ PGA ] score < or = 2 and improvement from baseline ) at week 24 . end points included the PGA `` clear/almost clear '' status , the PGA Scalp Psoriasis score , and the Dermatology Life Quality Index . modified intent-to-treat analysis was performed . week 12 , comparable high proportions of responders were reported in the continuous ( 71.3 % ) and interrupted ( 72.0 % ) arms . , the proportion of responders at week 24 was greater in the continuous group than in the interrupted group ( 71.0 % vs 59.5 % ; P < .0001 ) . results were observed in secondary end points . mean number of etanercept doses ( 1 dose = 50 mg ) received by patients in the continuous group was 33.4 , compared with 28.0 in the interrupted group . was well tolerated in both treatment arms . examined one round of discontinuation and re-treatment ; interrupted therapy provided less total medication to responding patients . and interrupted etanercept therapy was effective and generally well tolerated in patients with psoriasis , with greater improvements observed in the continuous arm at week 24 . patients regained their response after reinitiation of etanercept ."
4495,Abstract #4495,"women with favorable early breast cancer treated by lumpectomy plus tamoxifen or anastrazole , it remains unclear whether whole breast radiotherapy is beneficial . January 1996 and June 2004 , the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group ( ABCSG ) randomly assigned 869 women to receive breast radiotherapy + / - boost ( n = 414 ) or not ( n = 417 ) after breast-conserving surgery ( ABCSG Study 8A ) . early breast cancer was specified as tumor size < 3 cm , Grading 1 or 2 , negative lymph nodes , positive estrogen and/or progesterone receptor status , and manageable by breast-conserving surgery . radiotherapy was performed after lumpectomy with 2 tangential opposed breast fields with mean 50 Gy , plus boost in 71 % of patients with mean 10 Gy , in a median of 6 weeks . primary endpoint was local relapse-free survival ; further endpoints were contralateral breast cancer , distant metastases , and disease-free and overall survival . median follow-up was 53.8 months . mean age was 66 years . , there were 21 local relapses , with 2 relapses in the radiotherapy group ( 5-y rate 0.4 % ) vs. 19 in the no-radiotherapy group ( 5.1 % ) , respectively ( p = 0.0001 , hazard ratio 10.2 ) . relapses occurred in 30 patients , with 7 events in the radiotherapy group ( 5-y rate 2.1 % ) vs. 23 events in the no-radiotherapy group ( 6.1 % ) ( p = 0.002 , hazard ratio 3.5 ) . significant differences were found for distant metastases and overall survival . radiotherapy + / - boost in women with favorable early breast cancer after lumpectomy combined with tamoxifen/anastrazole leads to a significant reduction in local and overall relapse ."
4496,Abstract #4496,"GlideScope ( Verathon Inc. , Bothell , WA , USA ) and Airway Scope ( Hoya Corp. , Tokyo , Japan ) have both been used for difficult airway management , including in patients with cervical spine pathology . Airway Scope 's disposable blade has a tube channel to guide tracheal tube insertion through the glottis . hypothesis is that this tube guidance system improves the ease of tracheal intubation compared with the GlideScope , which does not have a tube guiding system . tested this hypothesis in a randomized comparison of the two videolaryngoscopes in patients whose cervical spines were immobilized . consenting patients were randomized to have tracheal intubation with the GlideScope ( n = 35 ) or the Airway Scope ( n = 35 ) . all patients , we applied manual in-line stabilization of the cervical spine throughout airway management . the airway procedures were carried out by two anaesthetists experienced in the use of both videolaryngoscopes . tracheal intubation time was 34.2 ( sd 25.1 ) s with the Airway Scope compared with 71.9 ( 47.9 ) s with the GlideScope ( P < 0.001 ) . intubation was successful with the Airway Scope in 35 ( 100 % ) patients compared with 31 ( 88.6 % ) patients with the GlideScope ( P = 0.114 ) . intubation was successful within 60 s in 33 ( 94.3 % ) patients with the Airway Scope and 22 ( 62.9 % ) patients with the GlideScope ( P = 0.003 ) . results suggest that the Airway Scope 's tube guide system enables more rapid tracheal intubation compared with the GlideScope in patients with cervical spine immobilization ."
4497,Abstract #4497,"prospectively evaluate the iron nutritional status of preterm infants fed either a term ( 0.5 mg/dl iron ) or preterm ( 0.9 mg/dl ) formulas fortified with iron after hospital discharge . low birthweight preterm infants were randomly assigned into three groups at the time of hospital discharge . A were fed an iron fortified preterm formula ( 0.9 mg/dl iron ) until 6 months corrected age ; group B , a fortified term formula ( 0.5 mg/l iron ) until 6 months corrected age group C , the preterm formula between hospital discharge and term , then the term formula until 6 months corrected age . eight infants were followed up to 6 months corrected age . intake from formula differed significantly between the groups ( A , 1.17 mg/kg/day ( SD 0.32 ) > C , 0.86 mg/kg/day ( SD 0.40 ) = B , 0.81 mg/kg/day ( SD 0.23 ) ; p < 0.0001 ) . concentrations were similar to those of iron sufficient preterm infants of the same postnatal age , and term infants of the same postmenstrual age ( after 3 months of age ) . were no significant differences in haemoglobin concentration ( p = 0.391 ) , plasma ferritin ( A vs B , p = 0.322 ) , or in the incidence of iron deficiency ( A vs B , p = 0.534 ) . fortified formulas containing between 0.5 and 0.9 mg/dl iron seem to meet the iron nutritional needs of preterm infants after hospital discharge ."
4498,Abstract #4498,"postoperative morbidity after pancreatectomy remains high . role of somatostatin and its analogs in reducing complications after pancreatic resection is controversial . aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of somatostatin to influence pancreatic cell 's function with consequence the decrease of postoperative complications . January 2006 and December 2009 , 67 patients for which pancreatectomy was indicated were randomized into 2 groups . surgery , biopsies of the pancreas were taken to be studied by electron microscopy and analyzed for ultrastructural morphometry . total mortality was 4.4 % ( n = 3/67 ; 2 patients from the control group and 1 patient from the treatment group ) . overall morbidity was 35.8 % ( n = 24/67 ) . patients in the control group ( n = 18/32 ; 56.25 % ) and 6 patients in the treatment group ( n = 6/35 ; 17.14 % ) developed postoperative complications ( 2-tailed Fisher exact test ; P = 0.001 ) . most common complication was the presence of fistula ( n = 6/67 ; 8.95 % ) . administration of intravenous somatostatin at rates applied in this study was able to inhibit the exocrine pancreatic function . finding supports the prophylactic effect of somatostatin on the early postoperative complications of pancreatic surgery shown in this study ."
4499,Abstract #4499,"efficacy of continuous wound infiltration with local anesthetic has not been compared with that of thoracic paravertebral block ( PVB ) after breast surgery . this study , we evaluated the analgesic efficacy and morphine consumption of the two techniques after mastectomy . patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection were randomly assigned to either a preoperative PVB with 20 mL of ropivacaine 0.5 % ( group PVB ) or a continuous ropivacaine 0.5 % infusion ( CRI ) at a 2 mL/h rate for each of two multilumen catheters placed subcutaneously at the end of the procedure ( group CRI ) . catheters were left in place for 24 h postoperatively . standardized general anesthetic was administered to all patients . morphine consumption , pain scores and painful restricted movement of the shoulder for 24 h postoperatively as well as incidence of adverse events , including postoperative nausea and vomiting , were recorded . consumption was similar between groups ( PVB : 42.6 + / - 11 vs CRI : 38.7 + / - 11 mg in 24 h , P = 0.225 ) . pain scores were low in both groups . hours after surgery , group PVB showed a significant reduction in postoperative pain ( PVB : 0 [ 0-10 ] vs CRI : 0 [ 0-30 ] , P = 0.002 ) and reduced painful restricted movement ( P = 0.004 ) , whereas the CRI group had lower pain scores ( PVB : 10 [ 0-30 ] vs CRI : 0 [ 0-20 ] , P = 0.034 ) and painful restricted movement ( P = 0.043 ) 16 and 24 h ( PVB : 10 [ 0-30 ] vs CRI : 0 [ 0-30 ] , P = 0.012 ) after surgery . nausea and vomiting was significantly more frequent in the CRI group ( P = 0.017 ) . wound infiltration of local anesthetics is an effective alternative to paravertebral analgesia after mastectomy with axillary dissection ."
4500,Abstract #4500,"exposed to other people 's drinking behavior has been demonstrated to influence individual 's drinking levels . of alcohol consumption has mainly been investigated among same-sex drinking partners . study examined whether imitation of alcohol consumption differs when people drink with same-sex or other-sex partners . test the imitation effects , a two ( drinking condition : alcohol versus no alcohol ) by two ( sex constellation of dyad : same-sex versus other-sex ) mixed between-within subject design was used . two separate sessions situated in a naturalistic drinking setting ( i.e. , a bar laboratory ) , 66 participants were exposed to a same-sex and an other-sex model ( i.e. , a confederate ) who consumed either alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages . expected that men would imitate more when drinking with women and men , and that women would imitate less when drinking with men . of alcohol consumption did not differ when participants were drinking with same-sex partners compared with other-sex partners . gender differences in imitation were found . of alcohol consumption can be generalized to situations in which people drink with other-sex partners . and women seem to imitate regardless of their drinking partner 's sex ."
4501,Abstract #4501,"aimed to assess the occurrence of stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) and urgency ( U ) before and after an operation to treat anterior compartment defect , and to ascertain whether there is a correlation between the position or mobility of the urethro-vesical junction ( UVJ ) and the lowest point of bladder base ( N ) and SUI and U before and after surgical treatment of the defect , using various procedures . , randomized study . of Gynecology and Obstetrics , First Medical Faculty , Charles University and General Teaching Hospital , Prague . women were enrolled who had proven symptomatic Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP > or = II ( Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitative -- POP-Q ) -- specifically anterior compartment defect cystocele ; they were then randomized into three group according to the type of surgical procedure planned : the BM group , treated with the traditional Barnett-Mack technique of anterior vaginal plastic surgery ( BM ; n = 18 ) ; the Gynemesh group , treated with anterior plastic surgery with free insertion of individualized mesh ( Mesh ; n = 33 ) ; and the Prolift group , treated with an original kit with pre-set standard-size mesh which is anchored to the lower arm of pubis ( Prolift ; n = 36 ) . tests were carried out for the women before the operation and 3-4 months afterwards , using International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short form ( ICIQ-UI SF ) and objective assessment by cough-test , while we also took into account the urge symptom . and after the operation patients were also examined by 4D imaging ( GE Voluson 730 Expert ) , with emphasis on the position of UVJ and N point at rest and at maximum Valsalva . were processed and analysed in open computer environment , R language , version 2.9.1 . different groups of patients did not show statistically significant differences in demographic data . results also show that there is no statistical difference between individual operation groups regarding occurrence of SUI : objectively this was established for 33 % of patients , and according to ICIQ for 79 % . women where SUI was not objectively proven , 74 % felt SUI , while among women with objectively proved SUI , only one did not feel the urine leakage . means that SUI is much more often subjectively felt than objectively proven . the operation objective improvement of SUI occurred for 6 % ( 5 ) patients , while it worsened for 16 % ( 12 ) patients . differences are not statistically significant . % ( 65 patients ; n = 83 ) felt incontinent before the operation compared with 66 % ( 54 patients ; n = 82 ) after the operation , according to the ICIQ questionnaire . % ( 14 ) patients showed improvement and 5 % ( 4 ) deterioration . subjective assessment of the symptoms , improvement of SUI is more often recorded than worsening , to a statistically significant degree . % ( 30 ) patients in total suffered from urge before the operation ( for three of them urge incontinence , for the others just urgency ) and 8 % ( 7 ) patients after the operation ( of which one suffered from urge incontinence and 6 just urgency ) . means that improvement occurred for 32 % ( 25 ) and deterioration for just 3 % ( 2 ) if patients . have not ascertained any correlation between UVJ mobility , N point and urinary incontinence before and after the operation . results of our study imply that the presence of SUI and U before an operation to treat anterior compartment defect is one of the main symptoms accompanying prolapse . the operation may solve the SUI problem , it very often does not , as it deals mainly with eliminating the prolapse , or para-vaginal effect . also failed to establish any correlation between mobility of the UVJ or N point and occurrence of SUI before and after the operation . may , however , state that elevation of the N point -- bladder base due to the operation results in mitigating U. Therefore , for reconstructive surgeries that do not treat SUI it is necessary that the operation is followed by a tape procedure in the second stage , ideally after the first operation has healed , i.e. , 3 months at minimum ."
4502,Abstract #4502,"this study , we tested the impact of short-term intake of increased amounts of C18 :1 trans fatty acids ( TFAs ) on parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in healthy young men . healthy young men were subsequently exposed to a standard diet for 7 days and an experimental TFA-enriched diet for 4 days . mean energy content of these diets was 2,453 and 2,455 kcal/day , with 10 , 35 and 55 % of energy from proteins , fats and carbohydrates , respectively . diet contained about 0.8 g and experimental diet 10.4 g TFAs . levels of C18 :1 TFAs and immunological parameters were measured . 4-day increased consumption of C18 :1 TFAs led to a significant decrease in mitogen-induced CD69 expression on CD8 + T cells as well as decreased phagocytic activity on neutrophils . returning to the participants ' habitual diet ( 1 week after the end of the experimental diet ) , we observed a significant decrease in the mean level of circulating immune complexes . of plasma immunoglobulins remained unchanged throughout the study . impact of higher dietary C18 :1 TFA intake on phagocytosis and cell-mediated immunity seems to be suppressive . finding differs from results describing proinflammatory effects associated with long-term exposure to TFAs ."
4503,Abstract #4503,"type 2 diabetic patients we compared 9 months of combination therapy with insulin glargine and metformin with 9 months of NPH insulin combined with metformin . primary focus was changes in HbA ( 1c ) ; secondary focus was diurnal glucose profiles and symptomatic hypoglycaemia . this investigator-initiated open , parallel-group clinical trial involving seven centres , 110 insulin-naive type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control ( HbA ( 1c ) > or = 8.0 % ) on oral hypoglycaemic agents ( 90 % using sulfonylurea plus metformin ) were randomised to receive bedtime insulin glargine with metformin ( G+MET ) or bedtime NPH with metformin ( NPH+MET ) for 36 weeks . patients were taught how to self-adjust their insulin dose and use a modem to send the results of home glucose monitoring to treatment centres . goal was to achieve a fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) of 4.0 to 5.5 mmol/l in both groups . the last 12 weeks , FPGs averaged 5.75 + / -0.02 and 5.96 + / -0.03 mmol/l ( p < 0.001 ) and insulin doses were 68 + / -5 and 70 + / -6 IU/day ( 0.69 + / -0.05 and 0.66 + / -0.04 IU kg ( -1 ) day ( -1 ) , NS ) in the G+MET and NPH+MET groups , respectively . 36 weeks , mean HbA ( 1c ) was 7.14 + / -0.12 and 7.16 + / -0.14 % , respectively ( NS ) . , but not confirmed symptomatic , hypoglycaemia was significantly lower during the first 12 weeks in the G+MET group ( 4.1 + / -0.8 episodes/patient-year ) than in the NPH+MET group ( 9.0 + / -2.3 episodes/patient-year , p < 0.05 ) , but not significantly different thereafter . levels before dinner were higher in the NPH+MET group ( 10.1 + / -0.3 mmol/l ) than in the G+MET group ( 8.6 + / -0.3 mmol/l , p = 0.002 ) throughout the 36-week study . regard to baseline characteristics such as initial glycaemia or C-peptide , there was no difference between patients who achieved good glycaemic control ( HbA ( 1c ) < 7.0 % ) and those who did not . were seen in the following : between study centres , weight gain during the run-in period and insulin therapy , and FPG during the last 12 weeks ( 5.7 + / -0.2 vs 6.7 + / -0.3 mmol/l for patients reaching vs those not reaching target , p < 0.01 ) . glycaemic control can be achieved with both G+MET and NPH+MET . of G+MET reduces symptomatic hypoglycaemia during the first 12 weeks and dinner time hyperglycaemia compared with NPH+MET ."
4504,Abstract #4504,"progression and pharmacological response of heart failure-affected patients are subject to interindividual variability . is also acknowledged that the genotype frequency of certain gene polymorphisms varies across different ethnic groups and that a difference in gene polymorphism frequencies between healthy and heart failure patients seems to exist . study investigated associations between 10 gene polymorphisms of RAAS-related genes with an individual 's susceptibility to heart failure . data suggest that the angiotensinogen ( AGT ) 235 single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) may be associated with heart failure in our population and that the AGT ( M174 ) - AGT ( T235 ) haplotype , as well as the AGT/angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene combination , may play an important role in disease predisposition . differences in survival outcomes point towards a genetic role in the pathophysiology of heart failure . , contemporary evidence links genetics to heart failure ( HF ) predisposition . tested for a difference in prevalence of 10 renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS ) - related gene polymorphisms between a homogenous population of HF patients and healthy controls . hundred and eleven healthy volunteers and 58 HF patients were included in this study . healthy control group consisted of males aged between 18 and 35 years old . HF group consisted of patients ( 89.7 % male ) who were 63.8 + / - 7.9 years old , were in New York Heart Association ( NYHA ) class II-III and had a documented left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) < or = 40 % within the previous 6 months . being treated maximally for their condition with angiotensin-converting-enzyme ( ACE ) - inhibitors and beta-adrenoceptor blockers , they continued to be symptomatic and , as such , were a highly specialized and homogeneous patient population . groups were composed of Canadian Caucasians . analyzed polymorphisms were : ACE ( I/D ) , angiotensin-II-receptor-type-1 ( AGTR1 ) ( A1166C ) , angiotensinogen ( AGT ) ( M235T and T174M ) , endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase ( eNOS ) ( T-786C and Glu298Asp ) , adrenergic-receptor-2 ( ADRB2 ) ( Gln27Glu ) , bradykinin-receptor-beta2 ( BDKRB2 ) ( +9 / -9 ) , aldosterone-synthase ( CYP11B2 ) ( T-344C ) and adducin-1 ( ADD1 ) ( Gly460Trp ) . The AGT ( T235 ) allele ( P = 0.0025 , OR 2.02 , 95 % CI 1.24 , 3.30 ) was found to be more prevalent in our HF group . AGT ( 174M ) - AGT ( 235T ) haplotype was also associated with the HF phenotype ( P = 0.0069 ) . evaluation of gene-gene combinations revealed an indicative association of the AGT ( T235 ) / ACE ( D ) combined polymorphisms in the HF group ( P = 0.02 , OR 2.12 , 95 % CI 1.11 , 4.06 ) . study demonstrates that the SNPs of AGT may be associated with HF in our population and that the AGT/ACE gene combination may play an important role in disease predisposition ."
4505,Abstract #4505,"study aimed to evaluate the effect of octreotide on total effective vascular compliance , measured during rapid volume expansion , in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis . patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis were randomly assigned to receive a 100-micrograms/h infusion of octreotide after a 100-micrograms bolus ( n = 15 ) , or a placebo ( n = 14 ) . measurements were recorded before and 30 min after drug administration . , rapid volume expansion was performed in each patient and hemodynamic measurements were repeated immediately after volume expansion . volume expansion , placebo administration did not affect any of the hemodynamic values , while the hepatic blood flow was significantly decreased following octreotide administration . volume expansion , the hemodynamic changes were similar between patients receiving octreotide and the placebo . , the increase in right atrial pressure from the beginning to the end of volume expansion was higher and the total effective vascular compliance was lower in patients receiving octreotide ( +3.5 + / - 0.3 mmHg , p = 0.05 and 1.69 + / - 0.16 ml.mmHg-1 . , p < 0.05 ) compared to patients receiving placebo ( +2.5 + / - 0.3 mmHg , 2.60 + / - 0.34 ml.mmHg-1 . ) . present study suggests that octreotide decreased total effective vascular compliance in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis . is possible that , in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis , venoconstriction was induced following octreotide administration ."
4506,Abstract #4506,"is an increasing need for empirically validated psychotherapy interventions that improve functioning in older people with schizophrenia . developed a 24-session weekly group therapy intervention labeled Cognitive Behavioral Social Skills Training ( CBSST ) , which combined cognitive-behavioral therapy with social skills and problem-solving training to improve functioning . previously reported end-of-treatment findings from a randomized controlled trial that compared treatment as usual ( TAU ) with TAU plus group CBSST in 76 outpatients , 42 to 74 years of age , with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder ( DSM-IV criteria ) . follow-up results of that trial ( conducted from October 1999 to September 2004 ) are reported here . raters obtained assessments of CBSST skill mastery , functioning , psychotic and depressive symptoms , and cognitive insight ( belief flexibility ) . significantly greater skill acquisition and self-reported performance of living skills in the community seen in CBSST versus TAU patients at the end of treatment were maintained at 12-month follow-up ( p < or = .05 ) . in CBSST also showed significantly greater cognitive insight at the end of treatment relative to TAU , but this improvement was not maintained at follow-up . treatment-group effect was not significant for symptoms at any assessment point ; however , symptoms were not the primary treatment target in this stable outpatient sample . people with very chronic schizophrenia were able to learn and maintain new skills with CBSST and showed improved self-reported functioning 1 year after the treatment ended . treatment and/or booster sessions may be required to maintain gains in cognitive insight ."
4507,Abstract #4507,"investigate the clinical effect of Tianzhi Granule ( TZK ) on senile vascular dementia ( VaD ) , which is classified as sthenia of liver-yang . hundred VaD patients were treated with TZK ( 0.5 g/bag ) , which was taken one bag each , three times a day . treatment course was one month and they were treated for rwo courses . could remarkably increase gnosia and activity , with no striking difference from that of positive control group ( P > 0.05 ) . , TZK could significantly improve the clinical syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine and viability . could also drastically reduce the whole blood and plasma viscosity and improve erythrodegeneration and abnormality of aggregation index in the abnormal blood viscosity patients . has certain effects on senile VaD ."
4508,Abstract #4508,"graft function after transplantation can be improved through pharmacological donor pretreatment to limit organ injury from cold preservation . determine whether pretreatment of brain-dead donors with low-dose dopamine improves early graft function in human renal transplant recipients . , open-label , multicenter , parallel-group trial of 264 deceased heart-beating donors and 487 subsequent renal transplants performed at 60 European centers between March 2004 and August 2007 ( final follow-up , December 31 , 2008 ) . donors were stable under low-dose norepinephrine with a normal serum creatinine concentration on admission . were randomized to receive low-dose dopamine ( 4 mug/kg/min ) . requirement during first week after transplantation . was infused for a median of 344 minutes ( IQR , 215 minutes ) . was significantly reduced in recipients of a dopamine-treated graft . recipients in the treatment group needed multiple dialyses ( 56/227 ; 24.7 % ; 95 % CI , 19.0 % -30.3 % ; vs 92/260 ; 35.4 % ; 95 % CI , 29.5 % -41.2 % ; P = .01 ) . need for multiple dialyses posttransplant was associated with allograft failure after 3 years ( HR , 3.61 ; 95 % CI , 2.39-5 .45 ; P < .001 ) , whereas a single dialysis was not ( HR , 0.67 ; 95 % CI , 0.21-2 .18 ; P = .51 ) . donor dopamine ( OR , 0.54 ; 95 % CI , 0.35-0 .83 ; P = .005 ) , cold ischemic time ( OR , 1.07 ; 95 % CI , 1.02-1 .11 per hour ; P = .001 ) , donor age ( OR , 1.03 ; 95 % CI , 1.01-1 .05 per year ; P < .001 ) , and recipient body weight ( OR , 1.02 ; 95 % CI , 1.01-1 .04 per kg ; P = .009 ) were independent explanatory variables in a multiple logistic regression model . resulted in significant but clinically meaningless increases in the donor 's systolic blood pressure ( 3.8 mm Hg ; 95 % CI , 0.7-6 .9 mm Hg ; P = .02 ) and urine production before surgical recovery of the kidneys ( 29 mL ; 95 % CI , 7-51 mL ; P = .009 ) but had no influence on outcome . pretreatment with low-dose dopamine reduces the need for dialysis after kidney transplantation . Identifier : NCT00115115 ."
4509,Abstract #4509,"prospective randomised clinical trial was designed to assess the usefulness of postoperative radiotherapy ( RT ) in terms of loco-regional control and survival in patients with surgically treated advanced ( stages III to IV ) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with negative margins and without extracapsular extension in positive neck nodes . 1994 and 1995 , 51 patients were included in the study and 42 were considered evaluables ( from which 21 received postoperative RT ) . minimum follow-up of 3 years was required . loco-regional recurrence rates were identical in irradiated and non-irradiated patients ( 15/21 cases -- 70 % -- in each group ) , as was the 5-year disease-specific survival ( 35 % for both groups ) . only parameter that was associated with a reduced disease-specific survival was the presence of regional lymph node metastases . results suggest that postoperative RT does not increase loco-regional control or survival in patients with completely resected advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ."
4510,Abstract #4510,"compare cycle outcomes after scheduling with the standard long protocol versus the use of oral contraceptive pills ( OCPs ) in patients undergoing GnRH antagonist cycles . , randomized , controlled trial . private assisted reproduction center . cycling women aged 38 years with fewer than three previous IVF attempts were enrolled . low responses to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation , ovarian surgery , or polycystic ovary were exclusion criteria . hundred fifteen patients received OCP ( 0.030 ethinyl E ( 2 ) / 0.15 desogestrel ) for 12-16 days , and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was started on day 5 after OCP treatment ; similarly , 113 patients received the long protocol from day 20-22 of the previous cycle . primary outcome was ongoing pregnancy rate ; secondary outcome variables were clinical pregnancy rate , live birth rate , implantation rate , and miscarriage rate . receiving the GnRH antagonist treatment showed a lower peak serum E ( 2 ) ( 1,334 vs. 1,823 pg/mL ) but similar peak serum PE ( 0.58 vs. 0.65 ng/mL ) , lower duration of the stimulation ( 10.3 vs. 11.4 days ) with similar FSH consumption ( 1,613 vs. 1,807 IU ) , and ovarian response ( 10.2 vs. 11.7 oocytes ) . differences were observed in the fertilization rates ( 68.1 % vs. 64.8 % ) , total number of embryos obtained ( 5.9 vs. 6.2 ) , mean number of embryos transferred ( 1.8 vs. 1.8 ) , implantation rate ( 36 % vs. 39 % ) , miscarriage rate ( 8.9 % vs. 17 % ) , ongoing pregnancy rate ( 47.8 % vs. 53.9 % ) , or live birth rate ( 44.3 % vs. 47 % ) . outcomes can be obtained using OCP containing 0.030 ethinyl E ( 2 ) / 0.15 desogestrel to schedule patients undergoing the antagonist protocol ."
4511,Abstract #4511,"practitioners have considerable untapped potential to assist patients in stopping smoking . , marked deficits have been found in the amount and type of training medical practitioners receive in smoking cessation counseling with little attention paid to determination of effective training methods . randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the relative effectiveness of four different educational programs in teaching smoking cessation skills to 5th-year medical students in an Australian medical school . four programs comprised : ( a ) a traditional didactic lecture mode ( control group ) , ( b ) audio feedback through the use of audiotaped role plays , ( c ) role plays with peer feedback , and ( d ) video feedback . ' smoking cessation intervention skills were assessed prior to training and at the end of term via videotaped interviews with simulated patients . medical students demonstrated significantly improved skills in smoking intervention when exposed to any of the educational approaches other than traditional didactic teaching . overall differences in smoking intervention skills were found between the three experimental training methods . training in smoking cessation techniques is necessary to increase the intervention skills of medical students . teaching methods are ineffective in developing smoking cessation intervention skills . teaching , of an appropriate nature , at undergraduate and postgraduate levels is needed ."
4512,Abstract #4512,"iodized poppy seed oil is an appropriate measure for controlling iodine deficiency in areas where iodized salt is not yet available . , a more effective and cheaper iodized oil preparation is needed . aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of iodized peanut oil with that of iodized poppy seed oil . aged 8-10 y were supplemented with a single oral dose of iodized peanut oil ( P200 , P400 , or P800 mg I ) , iodized poppy seed oil ( PS400 mg I ) , or peanut oil ( placebo ) . concentration of urinary iodine ( UI ) was measured at 0 , 4 , 12 , 25 , and 50 wk , whereas thyroid volume and serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine concentrations were measured at 0 , 25 , and 50 wk . was higher in all treatment groups than in the placebo group , except at baseline . in the P200 group was not significantly different from that in the PS400 group at all times of measurement . a comparison of preparations supplying 400 mg I conducted by using a mathematical model , iodine retention from the peanut oil preparation was 3 times that from the poppy seed oil , and the protection period for peanut oil was twice as long as that for the poppy seed oil ( P < 0.001 for both ) . reduction in thyroid volume was greater in the treatment groups than in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . significant differences in serum hormone concentrations were observed between groups before or after treatment . peanut oil is more efficacious in controlling iodine deficiency than is iodized poppy seed oil containing the same amount of iodine ."
4513,Abstract #4513,"previously published study of temozolomide concurrent with whole-brain radiation therapy ( WBRT ) reported significant improvement in response rates and a nonsignificant trend toward improved overall survival compared with WBRT alone in patients with brain metastases primarily from lung cancer . study sought to confirm the benefit of adding temozolomide to WBRT in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) with brain metastases . planned phase III study ( target = 380 events ) was converted to a phase II study ( target = 70 events ) because of poor enrollment . with NSCLC and > or = 1 newly diagnosed brain lesion were randomized to WBRT ( 30 Gy in 10 fractions ) alone or combined with temozolomide ( 75 mg/m2/day ) for 21 or 28 days . included overall survival and time to central nervous system ( CNS ) progression . overall survival and median time to CNS progression was 4.4 and 3.1 months in the WBRT + temozolomide arm ( n = 47 ) versus 5.7 and 3.8 months in the WBRT arm ( n = 48 ) . , there were imbalances in the percentages of patients receiving previous chemotherapy and with synchronous brain metastases . temozolomide to WBRT increased the frequency of nausea , vomiting , alopecia , fatigue , anorexia , and constipation . adverse events were mild to moderate . benefit of adding temozolomide to WBRT was not confirmed ; however , the accrual goal for the planned phase III trial was not reached , and the study regimen differed from regimens used previously . , the role of temozolomide in treating brain metastases remains unresolved ."
4514,Abstract #4514,"evaluate the isoflurane-sparing and clinical effects of two constant rate infusions of remifentanil in healthy dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery . , randomized clinical study . American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II client-owned dogs ( age , 7 months-9 years ; body mass 11-59 kg ) . were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received either : intramuscular ( IM ) meperidine 2 mg kg ( -1 ) every 2 hours throughout surgery ( control group ( C ) ; n = 13 ) ; remifentanil infused intravenously ( IV ) at 0.1 microg kg ( -1 ) minute ( -1 ) ( low remifentanil group ( L ) ; n = 14 ) or remifentanil infused at 0.25 microg kg ( -1 ) minute ( -1 ) IV ( high remifentanil group ( H ) ; n = 14 ) . was induced with thiopental administered to effect and maintained using isoflurane in 100 % oxygen . controlled ventilation when the end-tidal CO ( 2 ) was maintained between 4.65 and 5.98 kPa [ 35-45 mmHg ] , the end-tidal isoflurane concentration ( e ` iso % ) , mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate ( HR ) were measured every 5 minutes . ( HR < 40 minute ( -1 ) lasting > 5 minutes ) was corrected with 0.01 mg kg ( -1 ) IV glycopyrrolate . were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test and Bonferroni correction . significance was accepted at < or = 0.05 . are expressed as mean + / - standard deviation . e ` iso % was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by remifentanil . C , e ` iso % was 1.28 + / -0.13 and was significantly different from L ( 0.78 + / - 0.17 , p < 0.001 ) and H ( 0.65 + / - 0.16 , p < 0.001 ) . was significantly different between groups ( p < 0.001 ) . were no significant differences in MAP between groups . was required in two , three and six dogs in the C , L and H groups respectively . infusion reduced the isoflurane concentration required for surgical anaesthesia during orthopaedic surgery . infusions may be a useful additive to isoflurane anaesthesia in healthy dogs ."
4515,Abstract #4515,"determine whether cable-driven robotic resistance treadmill training can improve locomotor function in humans with incomplete spinal cord injury ( SCI ) . assessment of the same patients with crossover design . units of rehabilitation hospitals in Chicago . with chronic incomplete SCI ( N = 10 ) were recruited to participate in this study . were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups . group received 4 weeks of assistance training followed by 4 weeks of resistance training , while the other group received 4 weeks of resistance training followed by 4 weeks of assistance training . training was provided by using a cable-driven robotic locomotor training system , which is highly backdrivable and compliant , allowing patients the freedom to voluntarily move their legs in a natural gait pattern during body weight supported treadmill training ( BWSTT ) , while providing controlled assistance/resistance forces to the leg during the swing phase of gait . outcome measures were evaluated for each participant before training and after 4 and 8 weeks of training . measures were self-selected and fast overground walking velocity and 6-minute walking distance . measures included clinical assessments of balance , muscle tone , and strength . significant improvement in walking speed and balance in humans with SCI was observed after robotic treadmill training using the cable-driven robotic locomotor trainer . was no significant difference in walking functional gains after resistance versus assistance training , although resistance training was more effective for higher functioning patients . robotic resistance training may be used as an adjunct to BWSTT for improving overground walking function in humans with incomplete SCI , particularly for those patients with relatively high function ."
4516,Abstract #4516,"failure ( HF ) has a major impact on health-related quality of life ( HQoL ) . aim was to evaluate whether heart rate ( HR ) reduction with ivabradine can translate into increased HQoL in parallel to a reduction of primary outcomes in SHIFT . symptomatic patients with systolic HF treated with recommended background therapy , HQoL was assessed by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire ( KCCQ ) containing the following dimensions : overall summary score ( OSS ) and clinical summary score ( CSS ) , analysed at baseline , and 4 , 12 , and 24 months , and last post-baseline visit . total of 1944 patients ( 968 ivabradine , 976 placebo ) were evaluated . 12 months , incidence of clinical events ( cardiovascular death or hospital admission for HF ) was inversely associated with KCCQ scores . reduced HR by 10.1 bpm ( placebo-corrected , P < 0.001 ) and improved KCCQ by 1.8 for CSS and 2.4 for OSS ( placebo-corrected , P = 0.02 and P < 0.01 , respectively ) ; these changes were associated with the change in HR for both CSS ( P < 0.001 ) and OSS ( P < 0.001 ) . relationship was found in both allocation groups though the changes were more pronounced in the ivabradine group . quality of life at follow-up was better preserved in the ivabradine group compared with placebo ; poorest outcomes were seen in the placebo group with lowest KCCQ scores ( < 50 ) . patients with systolic HF , low HQoL is associated with an increased rate of cardiovascular death or hospital admission for HF . in HR with ivabradine is associated with improved HQoL . magnitude of HR reduction is related to the extent of improvement in HQoL ."
4517,Abstract #4517,"use of antibacterial agents to clean and dry the stump of the newborn 's umbilical cord after birth has recently been abandoned by many neonatal units in favor of dry cord care . objective of this study was to compare cord bacterial colonization and morbidity among newborns whose cords were treated with triple dye and alcohol versus dry cord care . randomly allocated 766 newborns to either 2 applications of triple dye to the umbilical cord stump on the day of birth with alcohol swabbing twice daily until the cord fell off ( n = 384 ) or dry care ( n = 382 ) . care consisted of spot cleaning soiled skin in the periumbilical area with soap and water , wiping it with a dry cotton swab or cloth , and allowing the area to air dry . stumps on all subjects were swabbed and cultured . health nurses visiting at 2 or 3 days after hospital discharge observed the stump for signs of infection . phone calls were made to mothers within 3 weeks of discharge . infant in the dry care group was diagnosed with omphalitis . umbilical stump was colonized with alpha-hemolytic streptococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus . in the dry care group were significantly more likely to be colonized with Escherichia coli ( 34.2 % vs 22.1 % ) , coagulase-negative staphylococci ( 69.5 % vs 50.5 % ) , Staphylococcus aureus ( 31.3 % vs 2.8 % ) , and group B streptococci ( 11.7 % vs 6.0 % ) . health nurses were significantly more likely to observe exudate ( 7.4 % vs 0.3 % ) and foul odor ( 2.9 % vs 0.7 % ) among infants allocated to the dry care group during the home visit . remains a clinical issue . of bacteriocidal care of the umbilical stump must be accompanied by vigilant attention to the signs and symptoms of omphalitis ."
4518,Abstract #4518,"study the effect of doxapram on the frequency of apnoea , bradycardia and hypoxaemia . infants , median gestational age at birth 27 weeks ( range 24-30 ) , age at study 27 days ( 12-60 ) , with > / = 6 episodes of bradycardia or hypoxaemia/6 h despite serum caffeine levels in the therapeutic range , received doxapram either intravenously ( 0.5-2 mg/kg/h ) or orally ( 2-8 mg/kg every 2 h ) . recordings of pulse oximeter saturation ( S ( P ) O ( 2 ) ) , pulse waveforms , ECG , breathing movements and nasal airflow were performed immediately before as well as 1 , 3 and 6 days after onset of treatment . were analysed for apnoea ( > / = 4 s ) , bradycardia ( heart rate < 2/3 of baseline ) and hypoxaemia ( S ( P ) O ( 2 ) < / = 80 % ) . was no difference between enteral and intravenous administration ; results are therefore presented for the total group . resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of apnoea [ 22 ( 11-27 ) vs. 14 ( 7-23 ) / h , p < 0.01 ] , bradycardia [ 3 ( 0-7 ) vs. 1 ( 0-3 ) / h , p < 0.01 ] and hypoxaemia [ 8 ( 0-18 ) vs. 2 ( 0 - 17 ) / h , p < 0.01 ] already after 1 day of treatment , which was sustained throughout the 6-day study period . effects included an increase in the proportion of time spent awake [ 5 ( 0-24 ) vs. 12 % ( 3-28 ) , p < 0.01 ] and in gastric residuals [ 0 % of feeding volume ( 0-5 ) vs. 4 % ( 0-19 ) , p < 0.05 ] . was switched to intravenous doxapram in 3 of 9 infants because of gastrointestinal side effects . substantially reduced the frequency of apnoea , bradycardia and hypoxaemia in these patients with caffeine-resistant apnoea of prematurity . administration , however , was not tolerated in a significant proportion ( 33 % ) of infants ."
4519,Abstract #4519,"medical services ( EMSs ) vary considerably . some are physician staffed , most systems are run by paramedics . objective of this randomized , controlled simulation study was to compare the emergency care between physician staffed EMS teams ( control group ) and paramedic teams that were supported telemedically by an EMS physician ( telemedicine group ) . 16 teams ( 1 EMS physician , 2 paramedics ) were randomized to the control group or the telemedicine group . functionalities included two-way audio communication , transmission of vital data ( numerical values and curves ) and video streaming from the scenario room to the remotely located EMS physician . a run-in scenario all teams completed four standardized scenarios , in which no highly invasive procedures ( e.g. thoracic drain ) were required , two using high-fidelity simulation ( burn trauma , intoxication ) and two using standardized patients ( renal colic , barotrauma ) . scenarios were videotaped and analyzed by two investigators using predefined scoring items . case-specific items ( 31 vs. 31 scenarios ) : obtaining of ` symptoms ' , ` past medical history ' and ` events ' were carried out comparably , but in the telemedicine group ` allergies ' ( 17 vs. 28 , OR 7.69 , CI 2.1-27 .9 , p = 0.002 ) and ` medications ' ( 17 vs. 27 , OR 5.55 , CI 1.7-18 .0 , p = 0.004 ) were inquired more frequently . significant differences were found regarding the case-specific items and in both groups no potentially dangerous mistreatments were observed . assisted paramedic care was feasible and at least not inferior compared to standard EMS teams with a physician on-scene in these scenarios ."
4520,Abstract #4520,"of infero-temporal and either supero-nasal ( ` inferior-superior ' ) or medial percaruncular ( ` inferior-medial ' ) injections are popular double-injection techniques for establishing peribulbar block analgesia . study compared the efficacy of these two techniques in achieving ocular and lid akinesia . hundred patients were randomized to receive inferior-superior or inferior-medial injections in a study in which injectate , injectate volumes , 5-min ocular akinesia scoring ( 0-8 ) , lid scoring ( 0-2 ) and supplemental injection protocols were standardized . numbers of supplemental injections required at each observation period and the total volume of injectate required to produce ocular and lid akinesia were compared . two test groups were demographically similar . inferior-medial combination achieved greater ocular akinesia than the inferior-superior combination 5 min after the initial injections ( mean score + / - standard deviation of 1.74 + / - 1.86 vs. 2.66 + / - 2.39 ; P < 0.05 ) , with a reduced requirement for supplementary injections ( 3 vs. 23 supplementary injections ; P < 0.025 ) . inferior-superior technique achieved greater lid akinesia at 5 min than the inferior-medial technique ( mean score + / - standard deviation of 0.7 + / - 0.9 vs. 0.3 + / - 0.58 ; P < 0.005 ) . medial subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in one patient in the inferior-medial group . with the inferior-superior technique , the inferior-medial combination achieved more rapid ocular akinesia with less need for supplementation , but induced less efficient lid akinesia and had a propensity to cause iatrogenic subconjunctival hemorrhage . latter complication is considered by our surgeons to be a contraindication to the inferior-medial technique in patients undergoing trabeculectomy ."
4521,Abstract #4521,"Infant Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Program ( IBAIP ) improved motor function at 24 months , and mental and behavioural development in high risk subgroups of very low birth weight ( VLBW ) infants . determine IBAIP 's effects on executive functioning , behaviour and cognition at preschool age . of a randomised controlled trial ( RCT ) . 44 months corrected age , all 176 VLBW infants were invited for follow-up . term born children were assessed for comparison . Attention Task ( VAT ) , Gift delay , Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test III-NL ( PPVT ) , Visual motor integration tests and Miller assessment for preschoolers . completed Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool ( BRIEF-P ) and Child Behavior Checklist ( CBCL ) . preschool age , 76 ( 88 % ) children of the intervention group and 75 ( 83 % ) children of the control group participated . were no significant differences between the intervention and the control group . , positive interaction effects between intervention and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia , infants born at gestational age < 28 weeks , and infants of low educated mothers were found on CBCL , CBCL and BRIEF-P , and PPVT respectively . interaction effects exceeded 1 standard deviation in favour of the intervention children . 151 VLBW children performed significantly worse than the term born children on the VAT , BRIEF-P and CBCL . effects in VLBW children did not sustain until preschool age on executive functioning , behaviour and cognition . , the most vulnerable children had a clinical relevant profit from IBAIP . children performed worse than the term born children . study is a follow-up at preschool age of the multi-centre RCT of IBAIP versus usual care in VLBW infants . RCT was performed in Amsterdam , The Netherlands ( IBAIP ) ."
4522,Abstract #4522,"respiratory complications related to endotracheal intubation usually present as cough , sore throat , hoarseness , and blood-streaked expectorant . this study , we investigated the short-term ( hours ) impact of measuring and controlling endotracheal tube cuff ( ETTc ) pressure on postprocedural complications . hundred nine patients from 4 tertiary care university hospitals in Shanghai , China scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were assigned to a control group without measuring ETTc pressure , and a study group with ETTc pressure measured and adjusted . duration of the procedure and duration of endotracheal intubation were recorded . patients whose duration of endotracheal intubation was between 120 and 180 minutes were selected from each group and examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy immediately after removing the endotracheal tube . intubation-related complications including cough , sore throat , hoarseness , and blood-streaked expectorant were recorded at 24 hours postextubation . was no significant difference in sex , age , height , weight , procedure duration , and duration of endotracheal intubation between the 2 groups . mean ETTc pressure measured after estimation by palpation of the pilot balloon of the study group was 43 23.3 mm Hg before adjustment ( the highest was 210 mm Hg ) , and 20 3.1 mm Hg after adjustment ( P < 0.001 ) . incidence of postprocedural sore throat , hoarseness , and blood-streaked expectoration in the control group was significantly higher than in the study group . the duration of endotracheal intubation increased , the incidence of sore throat and blood-streaked expectoration in the control group increased . incidence of sore throat in the study group also increased with increasing duration of endotracheal intubation . bronchoscopy in the 20 patients showed that the tracheal mucosa was injured in varying degrees in both groups , but the injury was more severe in the control group than in the study group . pressure estimated by palpation with personal experience is often much higher than measured or what may be optimal . control of ETTc pressure by a manometer helped reduce ETT-related postprocedural respiratory complications such as cough , sore throat , hoarseness , and blood-streaked expectoration even in procedures of short duration ( 1-3 hours ) ."
4523,Abstract #4523,"object of this study was to test whether substituting part of the methohexital dose with the short-acting opioid remifentanil would prolong seizure duration in middle-aged patients while providing a similar depth of anesthesia as with methohexital alone . has been reported for the combined use of methohexital and remifentanil in elderly patients , but has not been investigated in middle-aged patients likely to require a higher total dose of methohexital for inducing anesthesia . patients ( 42 + / -10 years ; mean + / - SD ) receiving electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ) were anesthetized with methohexital ( 1.25 mg kg-1 ) or with methohexital ( 0.625 mg kg-1 ) plus remifentanil ( 1 micro g kg-1 ) in this randomized , double blind , crossover study . methohexital was given as needed until loss of eyelash reflex was observed . ( 1 mg kg-1 ) was used for muscular paralysis . and EEG seizure durations were significantly longer after induction with methohexital plus remifentanil ( 45 + / -14 and 58 + / -15 s ) than with methohexital alone ( 31 + / -11 and 42 + / -18 s ) . methohexital dose of 1.2 + / -0.3 and 1.9 + / -0.3 mg was necessary to achieve loss of eyelash reflex if methohexital was used with and without remifentanil . heart rate after ECT was significantly higher if remifentanil was coadministered with methohexital ( 148 + / -12 vs. 126 + / -24 b.p.m ) . part of the methohexital dose with remifentanil is a useful anesthetic technique to prolong seizure duration in middle-aged patients requiring a 1.5-fold higher induction dose of methohexital than elderly patients , the only population studied to date for the combined use of methohexital and remifentanil in ECT ."
4524,Abstract #4524,"explore the dose response to onabotulinumtoxinA 50 , 100 , and 200U in patients with spinal cord injury ( SCI ) with urinary incontinence ( UI ) due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity ( NDO ) . ( N = 73 ) with SCI ( level T1 or lower ) with NDO and UI ( 14UI episodes/week ) received 30 intradetrusor injections of onabotulinumtoxinA ( 50U [ n = 19 ] , 100U [ n = 21 ] , or 200U [ n = 17 ] ) or placebo ( n = 16 ) via cystoscopy , avoiding the trigone . from baseline in UI episodes/week , volume voided/micturition , maximum cystometric capacity , and maximum detrusor pressure ( MDP ) during first involuntary detrusor contraction ( IDC ) were evaluated . events ( AEs ) were assessed . significant linear dose response for UI episodes/week was identified at weeks 18 , 30 , 36 , 42 , and 54 ( P < 0.05 ) with a similar trend ( P = 0.092 ) at week 6 ( primary time point ) . significant linear dose response was observed in volume/void at all post-treatment time points up to week 54 ( P < 0.05 ) and in MDP during first IDC at week 6 ( P = 0.034 ) . proportion of patients who achieved continence at week 6 was highest in the 200U group . of effect was longest with the 200U dose , compared with other treatment groups . AEs were comparable across groups ; urinary tract infection was the most common AE across all treatment groups . this exploratory dose-response study of SCI patients with UI due to NDO , onabotulinumtoxinA 200U was the most effective dose . AE profile was comparable across all groups ."
4525,Abstract #4525,"taxanes to anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy improves survival outcomes of patients with node-positive breast cancer ( BC ) . , however , most patients with BC are node negative at diagnosis . only pure node-negative study ( Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group 9805 ) reported so far showed a docetaxel benefit but significant toxicity . we tested the efficacy and safety of weekly paclitaxel ( wP ) in node-negative patients , which is yet to be established . with BC having T1-T3 / N0 tumors and at least one high-risk factor for recurrence ( according to St. Gallen 1998 criteria ) were eligible . primary surgery , 1,925 patients were randomly assigned to receive fluorouracil , doxorubicin , and cyclophosphamide ( FAC ) 6 or FAC 4 followed by wP 8 ( FAC-wP ) . primary end point was disease-free survival ( DFS ) after a median follow-up of 5 years . end points included toxicity and overall survival . a median follow-up of 63.3 months , 93 % and 90.3 % of patients receiving FAC-wP or FAC regimens , respectively , remained disease free ( hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.73 ; 95 % CI , 0.54 to 0.99 ; log-rank P = .04 ) . patients receiving FAC-wP versus 40 patients receiving FAC died ( one and seven from cardiovascular diseases , respectively ; HR , 0.79 ; 95 % CI , 0.49 to 1.26 ; log-rank P = .31 ) . most relevant grade 3 and 4 adverse events in the FAC-wP versus the FAC arm were febrile neutropenia ( 2.7 % v 3.6 % ) , fatigue ( 7.9 % v 3.4 % ) , and sensory neuropathy ( 5.5 % v 0 % ) . patients with high-risk node-negative BC , the adjuvant FAC-wP regimen was associated with a small but significant improvement in DFS compared with FAC therapy , in addition to manageable toxicity , especially regarding long-term cardiac effects ."
4526,Abstract #4526,"evaluate the efficacy of a 300 mg loading dose of clopidogrel followed by 150 mg as maintenance dose in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . total of 108 consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI were recruited from our hospital from July 2007 to July 2008 . 300 mg loading dose was administered prior to PCI . they were randomized to receive clopidogrel 75 mg ( n = 55 ) or 150 mg ( n = 46 ) daily for 30 days . Day 30 to Month 6 post-operation , all of them received 75 mg/d clopidogrel and were followed up for a mean period of 6 months . days after PCI , the platelet inhibition of the 150 mg group was significantly higher than the 75 mg group ( 64.2 % 13.3 % vs 52.6 % 14.3 % , P = 0.00 ) . ratios of fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction ( MI ) ( 1 ( 1.8 % ) vs 3 ( 6.5 % ) , P = 0.405 ) and target vessel revascularization ( TVR ) ( 4 ( 7.2 % ) vs 6 ( 13.0 % ) , P = 0.714 ) were significantly lower in the 150 mg group than those in the 75 mg group . the overall incidence of MACE including death , MI and TVR was obviously lower in the 150 mg group than that in the 75 mg group ( 13.0 % vs 20.2 % , absolute risk reduction 7.3 % ) . high clopidogrel maintenance dose of 150 mg daily for the first month after PCI reduces the risk of long-term adverse events in patients with elective percutaneous coronary intervention ."
4527,Abstract #4527,"studies have shown that high intensity focused ultrasound ( HIFU ) ablation can induce a distinct inflammatory reaction with marked infiltration of lymphocytes after direct tumor destruction . this study , we investigated the status of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ( TILs ) after HIFU ablation of human breast cancer and explored mechanisms that may be involved in HIFU-triggered , antitumor immune response . total of 48 female patients with biopsy-proven breast cancer were divided randomly into 1 of 2 groups : control group ( n = 25 ) , in which only modified radical mastectomy was performed , or HIFU group ( n = 23 ) , in which HIFU ablation of the primary breast cancer was performed prior to modified radical mastectomy . semiquantitative immunohistochemical analysis , tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and subsets , B lymphocytes , and natural killer ( NK ) cells were assessed in all patients . of Fas ligand ( FasL ) , granzyme , and perforin on TILs was also studied in both groups . infiltrated along the margins of the ablated region in all HIFU-treated neoplasms , and the numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD3 , CD4 , CD8 , CD4/CD8 , B lymphocytes , and NK cells was increased significantly in the HIFU group . number of FasL ( + ) , granzyme ( + ) , and perforin ( + ) TILs was significantly greater in the HIFU group than in the control group . ablation induced marked infiltration of CD3 , CD4 , CD8 , B lymphocytes , and NK cells in the treated breast lesions . number of FasL ( + ) , granzyme ( + ) , and perforin ( + ) TILs was significantly increased after HIFU treatment ."
4528,Abstract #4528,"benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy ( CRT ) in patients with severe but less symptomatic heart failure , approximately 30 % of patients do not fully respond to treatment . hypothesized that a combined assessment of left ventricular ( LV ) dyssynchrony and contractile function by strain-based imaging would identify patients who would most benefit from CRT . studied 1077 patients with New York Heart Association class I/II , LV ejection fraction 30 % and QRS width 130 ms enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy trial with sufficient echocardiographic image quality for cardiac deformation analysis ( implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ ICD ] , n = 416 ; CRT , n = 661 ) . were assigned to CRT plus an ICD or to ICD alone in 3:2 random assignment . assessed the degree to which baseline echocardiographic assessments of dyssynchrony , measured as the standard deviation of time-to-peak transverse strain over 12 segments , contractile function , measured as global longitudinal strain , or both predicted the effect of treatment on the primary outcome of death or heart failure . 213 primary events occurring over a mean of 2.4 years , the benefit of CRT plus an ICD relative to ICD alone was greatest in patients with mild to moderate dyssynchrony ( time-to-peak transverse strain standard deviation , 142 to 230 ms ) and greater baseline contractile function ( global longitudinal strain -8.7 % ) . , those patients with mild to moderate dyssynchrony and those with best contractile function at baseline demonstrated the greatest benefit from CRT ( adjusted hazards ratio , 0.20 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.09 to 0.44 ) . and global longitudinal strain predicted response to CRT independent of each other , QRS width , LV ejection fraction , and presence versus absence of left bundle-branch block , although the observed benefit remained greatest in patients with left bundle-branch block . mechanical dyssynchrony and contractile function are important independent correlates of benefit from CRT . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00180271 ."
4529,Abstract #4529,"evaluate the efficacy of pain relief by oral diazepam , acetaminophen , mefenamic acid , intramuscular ketorolac tromethamine , and peribulbar anaesthesia in panretinal photocoagulation ( PRP ) . total of 220 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy requiring PRP treatment were enrolled in this study . laser treatment , the patients were allocated randomly to one of eight groups : group 1 : diazepam ( n = 22 ) , group 2 : acetaminophen ( n = 21 ) , group 3 : mefenamic acid ( n = 21 ) , group 4 : diazepam and acetaminophen ( n = 22 ) , group 5 : diazepam and mefenamic acid ( n = 22 ) , group 6 : peribulbar anaesthesia with lidocaine ( n = 23 ) , group 7 : intramuscular injection of ketorolac tromethamine ( n = 22 ) , group 8 : placebo ( n = 67 ) . after the laser treatment was assessed by a verbal descriptive scale . pressure and heart rate were measured before and after laser treatment . receiving peribulbar anaesthesia had a significantly lower pain score than the control group ( P < 0.0001 ) . , the peribulbar anaesthesia-treated group had the significantly least PRP-associated rise in either systolic ( P = 0.043 ) or diastolic blood pressure rates ( P = 0.030 ) . were no significant differences in pain score using other anesthetic agents when compared with the control group . were no significant changes in heart rate after PRP treatment . anaesthesia is effective in reducing pain and blood pressure increase after PRP treatment . diazepam , mefenamic acid , and acetaminophen ( either alone or in combination with each other ) are not effective in preventing PRP treatment-associated pain . injection of ketorolac tromethamine is also not effective in reducing PRP-associated pain ."
4530,Abstract #4530,"objective of this randomized prospective study was to determine whether a urinary catheter is necessary for all patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia . patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia were randomized to treatment with or without insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter . patients received spinal anesthesia with 15 to 30 mg of 0.5 % bupivacaine . catheter group was subjected to a standard postoperative protocol , with removal of the indwelling catheter within forty-eight hours postoperatively . experimental group was monitored for urinary retention and , if necessary , had straight catheterization up to two times prior to the placement of an indwelling catheter . hundred patients were included in the study . was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the prevalence of urinary retention , the prevalence of urinary tract infection , or the length of stay . patients in the no-catheter group and three patients in the catheter group ( following removal of the catheter ) required straight catheterization because of urinary retention . patients in the catheter group and no patient in the no-catheter group had development of urinary tract infection . undergoing total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia appear to be at low risk for urinary retention . , a routine indwelling catheter is not required for such patients ."
4531,Abstract #4531,"carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) continues to be the most common index diagnosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) , but it is not clear which of several available agents is the most effective in preventing a recurrence of PCP . conducted a comparative , open-label trial in 310 adults with AIDS who had recently recovered from an initial episode of PCP and had no treatment-limiting toxic effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine . the patients were treated with zidovudine and were randomly assigned to receive either 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim once daily or 300 mg of aerosolized pentamidine administered every four weeks by jet nebulizer . participants were followed for a median of 17.4 months . the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group ( n = 154 ) there were 14 recurrences of PCP , as compared with 36 recurrences ( including 1 extrapulmonary recurrence ) in the aerosolized-pentamidine group ( n = 156 ) . estimated recurrence rates at 18 months were 11.4 percent with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 27.6 percent with pentamidine ( P < 0.001 ) . risk of a recurrence ( adjusted for initial CD4 cell count ) was 3.25 times higher in the pentamidine group ( P < 0.001 , 95 percent confidence interval , 1.72 to 6.16 ) . were no significant differences between the groups in survival or in hematologic or hepatic toxicity . from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to aerosolized pentamidine were more common than the reverse ( 27 vs. 4 percent ) , partly because of the study protocols for the management of leukopenia . were 19 serious bacterial infections in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group and 38 in the pentamidine group . time to a first bacterial infection was significantly greater for those assigned to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( P = 0.017 ) . patients with AIDS who are receiving zidovudine , trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is more effective than aerosolized pentamidine in conventional doses for the prevention of recurrent pneumocystis infection ."
4532,Abstract #4532,"plasma nitric oxide concentration has been supposed as one of the possible mechanisms of bleeding tendency in patients who suffer chronic kidney disease . oxide-scavenging properties have been reported with some Achillea species . study was designed to find any possible effect of Achillea millefolium on plasma nitric oxide concentration in these patients . chronic kidney disease patients were included in this randomized controlled trial , of whom16 received 1.5 g of powdered A millefolium flower 3 days a week for 2 months , and 15 received placebo for the same period . samples were collected before and after the study period to estimate the effect of A millefolium on plasma nitric oxide metabolites ( nitrite and nitrate ) . not statistically significant , plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations decreased after 2 months ' administration of A millefolium ( 0.82 0.51 mol/L to 0.63 0.42 mol/L and 50.55 17.92 mol/L to 44.09 17.49 mole/L , respectively ) . concentrations were slightly increased in the placebo group after the study period . to the placebo group , plasma nitric oxide metabolites were marginally decreased after A millefolium administration in chronic kidney disease patients . doses or longer duration of plant administration may make these changes more significant ."
4533,Abstract #4533,"is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist . purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cimetidine and rifampin on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of orally administered dolasetron and its active reduced metabolite , hydrodolasetron . group of 18 healthy men ( 22 to 44 years old ) were randomized to receive each of the following three treatments in a three-period cross-over design : 200 mg dolasetron daily ( treatment A ) ; 200 mg dolasetron daily plus 300 mg cimetidine four times daily ( treatment B ) ; or 200 mg dolasetron daily plus 600 mg rifampin daily ( treatment C ) . study period was separated by a 14-day washout period . blood samples were collected before the first dose ( baseline ) on day 1 and at frequent intervals up to 48 h after the morning dose on day 7 for quantification of dolasetron and its metabolites , hydrodolasetron ( both isomers ) , 5 ` OH hydrodolasetron , and 6 ` OH hydrodolasetron . urine samples were also collected at baseline and during the periods 0-24 and 24-48 h following the morning dose on day 7 , and analyzed for dolasetron and its metabolites . and urine dolasetron concentrations were below quantifiable concentrations for all three treatments . steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve ( AUCss ( 0-24 ) ) of hydrodolasetron increased by 24 % , mean apparent clearance ( CLapp.po ) decreased by 19 % , and maximum plasma hydrodolasetron concentration ( Cmax , ss ) increased by 15 % when dolasetron was coadministered with cimetidine . dolasetron was given with rifampin , mean hydrodolasetron AUCss ( 0-24 ) decreased by 28 % , CLapp.po , increased by 39 % , and hydrodolasetron Cmax , ss decreased by 17 % . differences were found in mean tmax ( 0.7 to 0.8 h ) , CLr ( 2.0 to 2.6 ml/min per kg ) , and t1/2 ( 7.4 to 8.8 h ) for hydrodolasetron between treatment periods . 20 % and 2 % of the dolasetron dose were excreted in urine as the R ( + ) isomer and S ( - ) isomer of hydrodolasetron , respectively , across all three treatments . mesylate was well tolerated in this study during all three treatment periods , with the highest incidence of adverse events reported during the control period when dolasetron mesylate was given alone . on the small changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of dolasetron and its active metabolites , as well as the favorable safety results , no dosage adjustments for dolasetron mesylate are recommended with concomitant administration of cimetidine or rifampin ."
4534,Abstract #4534,"for pulmonary arterial hypertension have been mainly studied in patients with advanced disease ( WHO functional class [ FC ] III and IV ) . study was designed to assess the effect of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with WHO FC II pulmonary arterial hypertension . with WHO FC II pulmonary arterial hypertension aged 12 years or over with 6-min walk distance of less than 80 % of the normal predicted value or less than 500 m associated with a Borg dyspnoea index of 2 or greater were enrolled in this double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicentre trial . patients were randomly assigned to receive bosentan ( n = 93 ) or placebo ( n = 92 ) for the 6-month double-blind treatment period via a centralised integrated voice recognition system . endpoints were pulmonary vascular resistance at month 6 expressed as percentage of baseline and change from baseline to month 6 in 6-min walk distance . of the primary endpoints were done with all randomised patients who had a valid baseline assessment and an assessment or an imputed value for month 6 . trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00091715 . were done with 168 patients ( 80 in the bosentan group , 88 in the placebo group ) for pulmonary vascular resistance and with 177 ( 86 and 91 ) for 6-min walking distance . month 6 , geometric mean pulmonary vascular resistance was 83.2 % ( 95 % CI 73.8-93 .7 ) of the baseline value in the bosentan group and 107.5 % ( 97.6-118 .4 ) of the baseline value in the placebo group ( treatment effect -22.6 % , 95 % CI -33.5 to -10.0 ; p < 0.0001 ) . 6-min walk distance increased from baseline in the bosentan group ( 11.2 m , 95 % CI -4.6 to 27.0 ) and decreased in the placebo group ( -7.9 m , -24.3 to 8.5 ) , with a mean treatment effect of 19.1 m ( 95 % CI 3.6-41 .8 ; p = 0.0758 ) . ( 13 % ) patients in the bosentan group and eight ( 9 % ) in the placebo group reported serious adverse events , the most common of which were syncope in the bosentan group and right ventricular failure in the placebo group . treatment could be beneficial for patients with WHO FC II pulmonary arterial hypertension ."
4535,Abstract #4535,"etabonate ( RE ) is the pro-drug of remogliflozin ( R ) , a selective inhibitor of renal sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 ( SGLT2 ) that improves glucose control via enhanced urinary glucose excretion ( UGE ) . study evaluated the safety , tolerability , pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeated doses of RE in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . a double-blinded , randomized , placebo-controlled trial , subjects who were drug-nave or had metformin discontinued received RE [ 100 mg BID ( n = 9 ) , 1000 mg QD ( n = 9 ) , 1000 mg BID ( n = 9 ) ] , or placebo ( n = 8 ) for 12 days . parameters were assessed , including urine studies to evaluate renal function . concentrations of RE and metabolites were measured with the first dose and at steady state . effects on glucose levels were assessed with fasting glucose concentrations , frequently sampled 24-h glucose profiles and oral glucose tolerance tests . significant laboratory abnormalities or safety events were reported ; the most frequent adverse events were headache and flatulence . exposure to RE and R were proportional to administered dose with negligible accumulation . 24-h UGE increased in RE treatment groups . with the placebo group , 24-h mean ( 95 % CI ) changes in plasma glucose were -1.2 ( -2.2 to -0.3 ) ( 100 mg BID ) , -0.8 ( -1.7 to 0.2 ) ( 1000 mg QD ) and -1.7 ( -2.7 to -0.8 ) mmol/l ( 1000 mg BID ) . of RE for 12 days is well-tolerated and results in clinically meaningful improvements in plasma glucose , accompanied by changes in body weight and blood pressure in subjects with T2DM ."
4536,Abstract #4536,"evaluate the effectiveness of medical therapy during watchful waiting in patients with distal ureter stones . patients with radiopaque stones located in the distal tract of the ureter and with stone sizes of 1 cm or smaller were involved in the study . patients were randomly divided into two groups . A ( n = 48 ) received oral treatment with 30 mg of deflazacort daily ( maximum 10 days ) plus 30 mg of slow-release nifedipine daily ( maximum 4 weeks ) . B ( n = 48 ) underwent a wait-and-watch approach . groups of patients were allowed to use diclofenac on demand . analyses were carried out using Student 's t test , the chi-square test , and Fisher 's exact test . average stone size was 5.8 + / - 1.8 mm for group A and 5.5 + / - 1.4 mm for group B. No statistically significant difference was found in stone size . expulsion was observed in 38 ( 79 % ) of 48 patients in group A and in 17 ( 35 % ) of 48 patients in group B. average expulsion time was 7 days ( range 2 to 10 ) for group A and 20 days ( range 10 to 28 ) for group B. statistically significant difference was observed in both the expulsion rate and the expulsion time ( P < 0.05 ) . mean amount of sodium diclofenac used was 15 mg per patient for group A and 105 mg per patient for group B ( P < 0.05 ) . medical treatment proved to be effective and safe , as demonstrated by the increased stone expulsion rate , decreased expulsion time , and reduced need for analgesic therapy ."
4537,Abstract #4537,"health care costs through preventive geriatric care has become a high priority in Japan . analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a preventive home visit program on health care costs among ambulatory frail elders . preventive home visits by nurses or care managers were provided to the visit group every 6 months over 2 years . enrolled participants ( N = 323 ) were randomly assigned to either the visit group ( N = 161 ) or the control group ( N = 162 ) . analyzed the health care costs , including the costs for hospitalizations and outpatient clinic utilization for participants who had health care insurance from the local government ( N = 307 ) . visit group included 154 individuals in the visit group and 153 people in the control group . health care costs over the study period were not significantly different between groups , but at most monthly time points costs and those for outpatient clinic utilization in the visit group were lower than those in the control group . , which accounted for more than 500,000 JPY per month , were less likely to occur more often among participants in the visit group ( N = 71 ) than in the control group ( N = 113 ) ( OR = 0.63 ; p = 0.002 ) . results suggest that a preventive home visit program may reduce monthly health care costs , primarily by reducing hospitalization costs ."
4538,Abstract #4538,"suggests that craving is a predictor of smoking relapse . can be assessed by multiple item or multifactorial scales or by single items . , no systematic comparisons of their prognostic validity or accuracy have been published . French versions of the 12-item Tobacco Craving Questionnaire ( FTCQ-12 ) and the single craving item on the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale ( MNWS ) are brief , valid , and reliable self-report measures of tobacco craving . this secondary study , we analyzed data from French smokers with health-related problems enrolled in the Adjustment of DOses of NIcotine in Smoking ( ADONIS ) cessation trial . estimated prediction models for each measure and compared their ability to distinguish correctly participants who relapsed from those who did not at 1-8 weeks after their quit date . for all potential confounders FTCQ-12 risk score ( RS ; Factor 2 , Expectancy plus Factor 4 , Purposefulness ) and MNWS craving were valid predictors of smoking relapse at endpoints measured 1-7 weeks apart . accuracy of FTCQ-12 RS was greatest at 1-2 weeks follow-up compared to only 1 week for MNWS craving . for FTCQ-12 RS and MNWS craving was 85 % and 53 % , respectively . RS suggests a relapse process involving urges and desires in anticipation of the positive benefits of smoking linked with intent and planning to smoke . also suggest that FTCQ-12 RS may be a better predictor instrument for smoking relapse than MNWS craving ."
4539,Abstract #4539,"binding protein-1 ( IGFBP-1 ) is essential for IGF-I bioavailability . levels of IGFBP-1 are encountered in critically ill patients and are a good predictor marker in acute myocardial infarction . mechanisms responsible for the elevated IGFBP-1 levels in these conditions are still unclear . , high levels of vasopressin have been reported in the above-mentioned conditions . study the effect of vasopressin on IGFBP-1 in humans . cross-over study in patients with central diabetes insipidus ( CDI ) in whom potential interference from endogenous vasopressin secretion is minimized . a 3-day desmopressin washout period , each patient received i.v. saline on day 1 and desmopressin ( 3 mug ) on day 2 . samples were taken after administration , every 2 h during the whole night , starting at 2000 h. inpatients with CDI in an endocrinology department of a university hospital . IGFBP-1 increased within 4 h after 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin ( DDAVP ) by 375 + / -73 % , compared with a spontaneous fasting increase by 252 + / -46 % following placebo administration ( P < 0.05 ) . changes were registered in the levels of either classically regulators of IGFBP-1 ( insulin , glucagon , and cortisol ) or of IGF-I and glucose . decrease in plasma osmolarity induced by DDAVP did not precede the increase in IGFBP-1 . increases serum levels of IGFBP-1 . investigation is essential to unravel the clinical potential of this interaction in conditions associated with high IGFBP-1 levels ."
4540,Abstract #4540,"dysfunction ( ED ) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events sharing mutual risk factors with coronary artery disease . guidelines for the management of ED in cardiovascular disease have been proposed , recommending cardiologists to routinely inquire about erectile function . , males ' specific needs and wishes regarding sexual health care in cardiology are unknown . sought to identify male patients ' view concerning possible improvements in sexual health care and preferred forms of sexual counseling in the cardiology practice . is a cross-sectional multicentered survey study among randomly selected males visiting a cardiologist . 388 respondents , 296 questionnaires were eligible for analysis . age of respondents was 62.9 years . , 56 % ( n = 165 ) had ED , with up to 86 % in patients with heart failure . bother experienced due to ED was 5.93 ( 2.57 ) on a 0 to 10 scale . respondents indicated to feel comfortable discussing sexual health with the cardiologists ( 88 % ) . men with ED ( n = 165 ) , 46 % would like to have a conversation with the cardiologist about possibilities to improve sexual function , 55 % would be helped if questions could be asked during consultation with a specialized nurse , and 58 % would appreciate written information . all respondents ( n = 296 ) , 28 % ever tried a phosphodiesterase inhibitor ; 4 % received the prescription of the cardiologists . dysfunction is highly prevalent in patients with a variety of cardiovascular diagnosis and care for sexual function is mandatory . indicated that above consultation with the cardiologist , both consultation with a specialized nurse and written information would be helpful ."
4541,Abstract #4541,"previously reported that four cycles of docetaxel/cyclophosphamide ( TC ) produced superior disease-free survival ( DFS ) compared with four cycles of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide ( AC ) in early breast cancer . women are under-represented in adjuvant chemotherapy trials . our trial 16 % of patients were > or = 65 years . now report 7-year results for DFS and overall survival ( OS ) as well as the impact of age , hormone receptor status , and HER2 status on outcome and toxicity . were randomly assigned to receive either four cycles of standard-dose AC ( 60/600 mg/m ( 2 ) ; n = 510 ) , or TC ( 75/600 mg/m ( 2 ) ; n = 506 ) , administered by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks . median age in women younger than 65 , was 50 years ( range , 27 to 64 ) and for women > or = 65 was 69 years ( range , 65 to 77 ) . characteristics in the two age subgroups were generally well matched , except that older women tended to have more lymph node involvement . a median of 7 years follow-up , the difference in DFS between TC and AC was significant ( 81 % TC v 75 % AC ; P = .033 ; hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.74 ; 95 % CI 0.56 to 0.98 ) as was OS ( 87 % TC v 82 % AC ; P = .032 ; HR , 0.69 ; 95 % CI , 0.50 to 0.97 ) . was superior in older patients as well as younger patients . was no interaction of hormone-receptor status or HER-2 status and treatment . women experienced more febrile neutropenia with TC and more anemia with AC . longer follow-up , four cycles of TC was superior to standard AC ( DFS and OS ) and was a tolerable regimen in both older and younger patients ."
4542,Abstract #4542,"overnutrition promotes obesity , but the controls of children 's eating behavior are poorly understood . may be achieved by testing whether the eating patterns of children are associated with demographic variables or whether they aggregate among family members . tested whether children 's total energy intake and macronutrient intake and their ability to compensate for earlier energy intake were associated with sociodemographic variables and anthropometric indexes . also tested whether these behavioral traits aggregate among siblings . sibling pairs aged 3-7 y consumed a multi-item lunch preceded by a low-energy ( 12.55 kJ ) or high-energy ( 627.60 kJ ) preload drink . regression tested the associations between children 's energy intake , demographic variables , and anthropometric measures . intraclass correlation coefficient quantified the family correlation of the measures of children 's eating . consumed significantly more total energy after consuming the low-energy preload ( + / - SD : 2237.39 + / - 1176.45 kJ ) than after consuming the high-energy preload ( 1601.18 + / - 930.65 kJ ) . ability was unrelated to the children 's age , sex , or ethnicity . energy and macronutrient intake , but not compensation propensity , were associated among siblings . familial association of total energy and macronutrient intakes , independent of anthropometric measures , suggests genetic or home environmental influences specific to these behaviors . energy compensation , although very accurate within this sample , showed no significant familial correlation ."
4543,Abstract #4543,"in satiating capacity of liquid and solid meals are unclear . appetite parameters , physiological measurements and within-subject relationships after consumption of a single macronutrient , subject-specific carbohydrate meal in liquefied versus solid form , controlled for energy density , weight and volume . a cross-over design , ten male subjects ( age = 21.13.9 y , BMI = 22.41.2 kg/m ( 2 ) ) consumed a solid ( CS , whole peaches +750 ml water ) and liquefied carbohydrate ( CL , peach blended in 500 ml water +250 ml water ) lunch . profiles , insulin - , glucose - and ghrelin concentrations were measured over three hours . relationships between appetite and blood parameters were calculated using subject-specific regression analyses . ratings were higher in the CL ( 855 mm ) compared to the CS condition ( 738 mm ) at 20 min ( p < 0.03 ) . concentrations peaked 20 to 30 min after the start of the lunch in the CL condition , and 30 to 40 min after start of the CS condition . , insulin concentrations were peaked at 20-30 min in the CL condition , and at 30-40 min in the CS condition . or condition x time interactions were not different comparing the CL and the CS condition . was significantly higher in the CS compared to the CL condition 40 min after the start of the lunch ( p < 0.05 ) . scores were significantly related to insulin concentrations but not to glucose concentrations ; desire to eat scores were significantly associated with ghrelin concentrations in both , the CL and the CS condition . relationship between fullness scores and glucose concentrations was not statistically significant . and solid carbohydrate meals do not differ in satiating capacity , supported by appetite profile and relevant blood parameters . , fullness and desire to eat were associated with respectively insulin and ghrelin concentrations ."
4544,Abstract #4544,"our previous phase II study , the cisplatin , gemcitabine , and vinorelbine ( PGV ) regimen produced a median survival time ( MST ) of approximately 1 year in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) patients . present study was aimed at comparing the MST of patients treated with this triplet regimen with the MSTs of patients receiving cisplatin and vinorelbine ( PV ) or cisplatin and gemcitabine ( PG ) . April 1997 , patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC , an age of < or = 70 years , and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < or = 1 were randomized to receive one of the following regimens : cisplatin 50 mg/m ( 2 ) , gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m ( 2 ) , and vinorelbine 25 mg/m ( 2 ) on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks ( arm A ) ; cisplatin 100 mg/m ( 2 ) on day 1 and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m ( 2 ) on days 1 , 8 , and 15 every 4 weeks ( arm B ) ; or cisplatin 120 mg/m ( 2 ) on days 1 and 29 and vinorelbine 30 mg/m ( 2 ) / wk ( arm C ) . to the two-stage design for phase III trials , an interim analysis was planned when the first 60 patients per arm were assessable for survival . survival data of 180 NSCLC patients ( stage IIIB , 76 patients ; stage IV , 104 patients ) were analyzed in April 1999 . , 128 patients had died ( PGV , n = 33 ; PG , n = 42 ; and PV , n = 53 ) . MST of patients in the PGV , PG , and PV arms was 51 , 42 , and 35 weeks , respectively , and the corresponding 1-year projected survival rates were 45 % , 40 % , and 34 % , respectively . only patients with stage IV disease were considered , an even stronger difference was seen between PGV ( MST = 47 weeks ) and both PG ( 34 weeks ) and PV ( 27 weeks ) . multivariate Cox analysis , the estimate hazard of death for patients receiving PGV compared with those receiving PV was 0.35 ( 95 % confidence interval , 0.16 to 0.77 ; P < .01 ) . response rates were 47 % in the PGV arm , 30 % in the PG arm , 25 % in the PV arm . hematologic and nonhematologic toxicities were not substantially worse in patients who received the PGV regimen . PGV regimen is associated with a substantial survival gain ( MST > 3 months longer ) when compared with the PV combination . this difference in survival met one of the early stopping rules , the accrual in the PV arm has been stopped ( null hypothesis rejected ) . still continues in the PGV and PG arm to ascertain whether the PGV regimen can also produce a significantly longer survival than that obtained with the PG regimen ."
4545,Abstract #4545,"study intensive postremission therapy in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia myeloablative therapy followed by allogeneic or unpurged autologous bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) was compared with high-dose cytosine-arabinoside/daunorubicin ( HDAC ) consolidation . de novo AML patients of maximum 50 years ( median 36 years , range 16 to 50 ) were enrolled in the trial . induction and early consolidation chemotherapy consisting of daunorubicin , cytosine-arabinoside and VP-16 ( DAV ) , patients with an HLA-identical sibling underwent allogeneic BMT . other patients received ( by randomization or patient 's decision ) either HDAC or high-dose busulfan plus cyclophosphamide followed by autologous BMT . and five 105 ( 70.9 % ) patients achieved a complete remission . event-free survival rates after intensive postremission therapy after 72 months were : after BMT ( 24 patients ) 62 % ( 95 % confidence interval + / - 19 % ) , after HDAC ( 44 patients ) 36 + / - 16 % and after autologous BMT ( 12 patients ) 18 + / - 22 % . allogeneic BMT was superior to autologous BMT ( p = 0.04 ) , as was HDAC compared to autologous BMT , although not significantly so ( p = 0.15 ) . receiving 2 cycles of HDAC had a better 6-year event-free survival rate ( 47 % ) and a lower relapse rate ( 50 % ) than patients who received only 1 course ( 29 % and 70 % respectively ) . busulfan/cyclophosphamide followed by unpurged autologous BMT early after achieving CR had no advantage over high-dose ara-c/daunorubicin . cycles of HDAC yielded better results than 1 cycle . highest event-free survival rate was reached with myeloablative therapy followed by allogeneic BMT ."
4546,Abstract #4546,"determine if the use of the whistle watch ( WW ) , a simple device to monitor peak flow rate , affects the use of bronchodilators at home . , randomised , crossover design . asthma outpatients ' clinic at Coronation Hospital , a tertiary care centre in Johannesburg . between 6 and 18 years of age with moderate or severe asthma for more than a year were enrolled . were randomised into two groups , with bronchodilator use determined either by the WW or solely by the patient 's perceived symptomatology . patients acted as their own controls , switching over to the other group after 30 days . patients were enrolled into the study . patients completed the study ( 54 % ) . were no significant differences between these patients and those who did not complete the study in terms of sex , age and treatment characteristics . was a significant reduction in the mean monthly number of bronchodilator doses used by the WW group ( 5.5 doses v. 16.81 doses , paired t-test , t = 3.64 , P < 0.001 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 6.1-16 .55 ) . change in individual participants varied between 13 extra bronchodilator doses and 71 fewer doses per month with the use of the WW device . WW device is a cheap , easy-to-use and effective tool that reduces the number of bronchodilator doses used by asthmatic children at home ."
4547,Abstract #4547,"D deficiency is common following bariatric surgery and is due to a combination of baseline deficiency and postoperative malabsorption . are few prospective studies evaluating the appropriate dose of vitamin D to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency following bariatric surgery . evaluated three doses of vitamin D3 ( 800 , 2,000 , and 5,000 IU/day ) in a prospective , randomized pilot trial of 45 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass . 25 hydroxy Vitamin D ( 25OHD ) , intact PTH ( iPTH ) , calcium , and urine calcium/creatinine ratios were measured at 6 , 12 , and 24 months postoperatively . to a high dropout rate at 24 months , we focus on the 12-month data . 12 months , the 800 - , 2,000 - , and 5,000-IU groups had a mean + / - SD increase in 25OHD of 27.5 + / - 40.0 , 60.2 + / - 37.4 , and 66.1 + / - 42.2 nmol/L , respectively ( p = 0.09 ) with a maximum increase in each group of 87.4 , 114.8 , and 129.8 nmol/L . percent , 78 % , and 70 % achieved 25OHD levels > or = 75 nmol/L ( p = 0.38 ) . for the 6 - and 24-month time points were similar to the 12-month results . weight loss at 24 months of the study was not different among groups ( p = 0.52 ) . calcium did not change significantly , and there were no cases of hypercalcemia or sustained hypercalciuria . doses of vitamin D supplementation trend towards higher levels of 25OHD . D replacement as high as 5,000 IU / day is safe and necessary in many patients to treat vitamin D deficiency following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass yet is still suboptimal in others ."
4548,Abstract #4548,"is a substituted benzamide with high selectivity for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors . purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of 100 mg amisulpride in patients with predominantly negative symptoms of schizophrenia . was a multi-centre , randomised , parallel-group , double-blind study . received either amisulpride ( 100 mg/day ) or placebo over a six-month treatment period . total of 141 patients were included , 69 received amisulpride , 72 placebo . patients ( 41 % ) had received neuroleptic treatment prior to inclusion . percentage of amisulpride patients completing the study ( 55 % ) was significantly higher than that with placebo ( 32 % ) , and drop-out rates due to lack of efficacy were 27 % with amisulpride and 47 % with placebo . efficacy assessments were statistically in favour of amisulpride compared with placebo . overall incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms was comparable in both groups ; only five patients started anti-Parkinsonian treatment during the study ( one in the placebo and four in the amisulpride group ) . is effective in the medium-term treatment schizophrenic patients with predominantly negative symptoms ."
4549,Abstract #4549,"is increasing evidence that the cytokine network is central to the immunopathology of inflammatory airway diseases . interleukin 1 ( IL-1 ) receptor antagonist ( IL-1RN ) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent that binds to the IL-1 receptor but does not possess agonist activity . of the genes of the IL-1 locus on chromosome 2q14 is polymorphic . IL1RN gene contains an 86 bp tandem repeat and allele 2 of this polymorphism has been associated with various inflammatory diseases . IL-1beta ( IL1B ) gene contains a promoter polymorphism ( C-511T ) that has been associated with inflammatory diseases and is in linkage disequilibrium with the IL1RN polymorphism . investigated whether polymorphisms in the IL1B and IL1RN genes were associated with rate of decline of lung function . were determined in 284 smokers with a rapid decline in lung function and 306 smokers with no decline in lung function . of the genotypes was associated with the rate of decline of lung function . , the distribution of IL1B/IL1RN haplotypes was different between smokers with a rapid decline in lung function and those with no decline in lung function ( p = 0.0005 ) . results suggest that IL1B/IL1RN haplotypes play a role in the rate of decline in lung function in smokers ."
4550,Abstract #4550,"is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease , and reduction oftriglyceride ( TG ) level is recommended in clinical practice guidelines for the treatment . , andrographolide , a main active compound of Andrographispaniculata has been shown to possess hypolipidemic effects in animals . investigate the TG-lowering effects of A. paniculata extract ( APE ) in patients with hypertriglyceridemia ( TG 150 mg/dL ) using gemfibrozil treatment as the reference . randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in sixty subjects with hypertriglyceridemia . were divided into three groups and treated with low dose of APE ( APE-L , andrographolide 71.64-72 .36 mg/day ) , high dose of APE ( APE-H , andrographolide 119.64-120 .36 mg/day ) , and gemfibrozil 300 mg/day . treatments were conducted for 8 weeks . on lifestyle modifications was provided . primary endpoint was the mean difference SD ( 95 % CI ) in TG levels ( baseline from the end of treatment ) , which were -3 125.6 ( -59.1 , 58.5 ) , 41.6 86.3 ( 1.2 , 82 ) , and 57.1 94.9 ( 12.7 , 101.6 ) in the APE-L , APE-H , and gemfibrozil groups , respectively . 120 mg/day and gemfibrozil 300 mg/day caused a significant reduction of TG level ( P = 0.0442 and 0.0145 , respectively ) when compared to the baseline . was no notable difference in the safety or tolerability among the treatment groups . patients with modest hypertriglyceridemia with lifestyle intervention , APE-H reduced the TG level comparable to the effect of gemfibrozil 300 mg/day . treatment was as tolerable as gemfibrozil treatment . , Andrographis paniculata might be used as an alternative medicine in treating hypertriglyceridemic patients ."
4551,Abstract #4551,"developers use different consensus methods to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines . research suggests that existing guideline development techniques are subject to methodological problems and are logistically demanding . developers welcome new methods that facilitate a methodologically sound decision-making process . that aggregate knowledge while participants play a game are one class of human computation applications . have already proven that these games with a purpose are effective in building common sense knowledge databases . aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a new consensus method based on human computation techniques compared to an informal face-to-face consensus method . set up a randomized design to study 2 different methods for guideline development within a group of advanced students completing a master of nursing and obstetrics . who participated in the trial were enrolled in an evidence-based health care course . compared the Web-based method of human-based computation ( HC ) with an informal face-to-face consensus method ( IC ) . used 4 clinical scenarios of lower back pain as the subject of the consensus process . scenarios concerned the following topics : ( 1 ) medical imaging , ( 2 ) therapeutic options , ( 3 ) drugs use , and ( 4 ) sick leave . were expressed as the amount of group ( dis ) agreement and the concordance of answers with clinical evidence . estimated within-group and between-group effect sizes by calculating Cohen 's d. calculated within-group effect sizes as the absolute difference between the outcome value at round 3 and the baseline outcome value , divided by the pooled standard deviation . calculated between-group effect sizes as the absolute difference between the mean change in outcome value across rounds in HC and the mean change in outcome value across rounds in IC , divided by the pooled standard deviation . analyzed statistical significance of within-group changes between round 1 and round 3 using the Wilcoxon signed rank test . assessed the differences between the HC and IC groups using Mann-Whitney U tests . used a Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of .025 in all statistical tests . performed a thematic analysis to explore participants ' arguments during group discussion . completed a satisfaction survey at the end of the consensus process . the 135 students completing a master of nursing and obstetrics , 120 participated in the experiment . formed 8 HC groups ( n = 64 ) and 7 IC groups ( n = 56 ) . between-group comparison demonstrated that the human computation groups obtained a greater improvement in evidence scores compared to the IC groups , although the difference was not statistically significant . between-group effect size was 0.56 ( P = .30 ) for the medical imaging scenario , 0.07 ( P = .97 ) for the therapeutic options scenario , and 0.89 ( P = .11 ) for the drug use scenario . found no significant differences in improvement in the degree of agreement between HC and IC groups . comparisons revealed that the HC groups showed greater improvement in degree of agreement for the medical imaging scenario ( d = 0.46 , P = .37 ) and the drug use scenario ( d = 0.31 , P = .59 ) . few evidence arguments ( 6 % ) were quoted during informal group discussions . , the use of the IC method was appropriate as long as the evidence supported participants ' beliefs or usual practice , or when the availability of the evidence was sparse . , when some controversy about the evidence existed , the HC method outperformed the IC method . findings of our study illustrate the importance of the choice of the consensus method in guideline development . computation could be an acceptable methodology for guideline development specifically for scenarios in which the evidence shows no resonance with participants ' beliefs . research is needed to confirm the results of this study and to establish practical significance in a controlled setting of multidisciplinary guideline panels during real-life guideline development ."
4552,Abstract #4552,"methylation has been linked to many important biological phenomena . have recently begun to sequence bisulfite treated DNA to determine its pattern of methylation . , sequencing reads from bisulfite-converted DNA can vary significantly from the reference genome because of incomplete bisulfite conversion , genome variation , sequencing errors , and poor quality bases . , it is often difficult to align reads to the correct locations in the reference genome . , bisulfite sequencing experiments have the additional complexity of having to estimate the DNA methylation levels within the sample . , we present a highly accurate probabilistic algorithm , which is an extension of the Genomic Next-generation Universal MAPper to accommodate bisulfite sequencing data ( GNUMAP-bs ) , that addresses the computational problems associated with aligning bisulfite sequencing data to a reference genome . integrates uncertainty from read and mapping qualities to help resolve the difference between poor quality bases and the ambiguity inherent in bisulfite conversion . tested GNUMAP-bs and other commonly-used bisulfite alignment methods using both simulated and real bisulfite reads and found that GNUMAP-bs and other dynamic programming methods were more accurate than the more heuristic methods . GNUMAP-bs aligner is a highly accurate alignment approach for processing the data from bisulfite sequencing experiments . GNUMAP-bs algorithm is freely available for download at : http://dna.cs.byu.edu/gnumap . software runs on multiple threads and multiple processors to increase the alignment speed ."
4553,Abstract #4553,"of balance is a major risk factor for falls in the elderly , and physical exercise may improve balance in both elderly and middle-aged people . propose a clinical trial to test the efficacy of an exercise program based on dance in improving balance in adult and young old subjects . carried out a mono-institutional , randomized , controlled clinical trial . subjects ( aged 58 to 68 yr ) were randomly allocated in two separate groups : the exercise group ( n = 20 ) followed a 3-month exercise program ; the control group ( n = 20 ) did not engage in physical activities . in balance between the end of the training period and the baseline were assessed using four different balance tests : Tinetti , Romberg , improved Romberg , Sit up and go . showed a significant improvement in balance in the exercise group at the end of the exercise program , whereas the control group did not show any significant changes . comparison between exercise and control group variations in balance test scores showed a highly significant difference . out of 20 subjects in the exercise group reported great or moderate satisfaction with the dance activity . suggest that physical activity based on dance may improve balance and hence be a useful tool in reducing the risk of falling in the elderly . exercise program also revealed interesting psychosocial benefits ."
4554,Abstract #4554,"study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of thermotherapy combined with thoracic injection of lentinan in treatment of cancerous hydrothorax ( CH ) in patients with lung cancer . lung cancer patients complicated with CH were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group , 30 in each . was released by closed drainage of the thoracic cavity in all patients . was given to patients in the observation group after lentinan was thoracically injected , while lentinan was thoracically injected to patients in the control group . total effective rate of CH improvement was 73.3 % ( 22/30 ) in the control group and 83.3 % ( 25/30 ) in the observation group , showing insignificant difference ( P > 0.05 ) . stability rate and the weight stability rate by Karnofsky 's performance scoring in the observation group were superior to those of the control group , showing significant difference ( P < 0.05 ) . hematological reaction , hepatic or renal damage occurred before and after treatment in both groups . , thoracalgia , dyspnea , rash , nausea and vomit appeared in few patients of the two groups , showing insignificant difference ( P > 0.05 ) . + , CD4 + , CD4 + / CD8 + , and NK obviously increased and CD8 + decreased in the observation group after treatment , showing significant difference from those before treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . with the control group after treatment , CD3 + , CD4 + , CD4 + / CD8 + , and NK obviously increased , CD8 + increased in the observation group ( P < 0.05 ) . combined with thoracic injection of lentinan showed better effect in treatment of CH in patients with lung cancer . obvious adverse reaction was seen ."
4555,Abstract #4555,"compare intramuscular oxytocin alone and intramuscular oxytocin with ergometrine ( Syntometrine ) for their effect in reducing the risk of postpartum haemorrhage when both are used as part of the active management of the third stage of labour . blind , randomised controlled trial . metropolitan teaching hospitals in Perth , Western Australia . women who expected a vaginal birth during the period of the trial . consent was obtained . haemorrhage , nausea , vomiting , and increased blood pressure . women were randomly allocated to receive oxytocin-ergometrine ( n = 1730 ) or oxytocin ( n = 1753 ) . of postpartum haemorrhage ( > or = 500 ml or > or = 1000 ml ) were similar in both arms ( odds ratio 0.90 ( 0.82 ) ; 95 % confidence interval 0.75 to 1.07 ( 0.59 to 1.14 ) at 500 ml ( 1000 ml ) threshold ) . use of oxytocin-ergometrine was associated with nausea , vomiting , and increased blood pressure . are few advantages but several disadvantages for the routine use of oxytoxinergometrine when prophylactic active management of the third stage of labour is practised . investigation of dose-response for oxytocin may be warranted ."
4556,Abstract #4556,"verify the effect of vibroacoustic stimulation on biophysical profile score , with a prospective randomised study . women with singleton pregnancy , gestational age > or = 30 weeks , intact membranes and biophysical profile score < or = 8/10 entered the study , after giving written consent , and were randomised to two groups . group A , a 3-s stimulus with an artificial larynx was applied ; if biophysical profile remained abnormal for 30 min , a second stimulus was applied and it was assessed again . group B , the observation time was extended for 60 min to match the time periods of group A. Pregnancies were managed by final test score and patients delivering more than 24 h apart from last examination were disregarded from the study . criteria were intrauterine deaths , caesarean sections for fetal distress , Apgar score < 7 at 5 min postpartum , meconium-stained amniotic fluid and neonatal intensive care unit admissions . null hypothesis was that application of vibroacoustic stimulation does not alter test 's statistical parameters . patients were randomised in group A and 1484 in group B ( 2833 in total ) . comparing group A to B , application of vibroacoustic stimulation significantly decreased the number of positive tests ( 4.74 % vs. 6.67 % , p < 0.05 ) and increased the prevalence of outcome criteria in this subgroup ( positive likelihood ratio : 24.1 95 % CI : 11.12-52 .46 vs. 7.52 95 % CI : 4.93-11 .46 ) , without altering perinatal outcome . , specificity , positive predictive value and test accuracy were significantly improved , as well as negative predictive value for intrauterine death . stimulation improves the efficiency of biophysical profile score by decreasing false positive tests and improving test accuracy and should be considered as a means of a more thorough fetal evaluation when fetal compromise is suspected ."
4557,Abstract #4557,"evaluate the immunogenicity , safety and stability of the manufacture process regarding three consecutive lots of influenza split vaccines ( Anflu ) . double-blind , randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted in healthy volunteers . total of 566 subjects aged 18 to 60 years were recruited and stratified into four age groups before randomly assigned into four groups . group would receive one dose of influenza vaccine from either one of the three lots of Anflu or one lot of the licensed control vaccine . dose of the vaccines contained 15 microg of each of the H1N1 , H3N2 and B type antigen . was assessed through 30-minute observation for immediate allergic reaction and three-day observation after vaccination . antibody titers were determined before vaccination and on day 21 , after vaccination . adverse reaction was reported and the overall incidence rates on fever of the four groups were from 1.4 % to 2.8 % but no significant difference was observed between groups . rates of the three viral strains in four groups were 80.3 % and above with fold increase as > or = 11.1 and protection rate was > or = 93.4 % . the three lots of investigated vaccines , all of the indexes of the three viral strains in four groups exceeded the standards on EMEA and FDA for influenza vaccine . three consecutive lots of Anflu appeared to be good , with both consistent immunogenicity and safety , indicating the stability of manufacture process ."
4558,Abstract #4558,"development of new insulin sensitizers is an unmet need for the treatment of type 2 diabetes . investigated the effect of GFT505 , a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR ) - / agonist , on peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity . abdominally obese insulin-resistant males ( homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance > 3 ) were randomly assigned in a randomized crossover study to subsequent 8-week treatment periods with GFT505 ( 80 mg/day ) or placebo , followed by a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic insulin clamp with a glucose tracer to calculate endogenous glucose production ( EGP ) . primary end point was the improvement in glucose infusion rate ( GIR ) . expression analysis was performed on skeletal muscle biopsy specimens . improved peripheral insulin sensitivity , with a 21 % ( P = 0.048 ) increase of the GIR at the second insulin infusion period . also enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity , with a 44 % ( P = 0.006 ) increase of insulin suppression of EGP at the first insulin infusion period . plasma free fatty acid concentrations were significantly reduced on GFT505 treatment ( 0.210.07 vs. 0.270.11 mmol/L ; P = 0.006 ) . PPAR nor PPAR target genes were induced in skeletal muscle , suggesting a liver-targeted action of GFT505 . significantly reduced fasting plasma triglycerides ( -21 % ; P = 0.003 ) and LDL cholesterol ( -13 % ; P = 0.0006 ) , as well as liver enzyme concentrations ( - glutamyltranspeptidase : -30.4 % , P = 0.003 ; alanine aminotransferase : -20.5 % , P = 0.004 ) . was no safety concern or any indication of PPAR activation with GFT505 . dual PPAR / agonist GFT505 is a liver-targeted insulin-sensitizer that is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ."
4559,Abstract #4559,"evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to decrease pediatric emergency department ( PED ) visits and adverse care practices for upper respiratory infections ( URI ) among predominantly Latino Early Head Start ( EHS ) families . EHS sites in New York City were randomized . at intervention sites received 3 1.5-hour education modules in their EHS parent-child group focusing on URIs , over-the-counter medications , and medication management . curriculum families received the standard EHS curriculum , which did not include URI education . weekly telephone calls for 5 months , families reported URI in family members , care sought , and medications given . - and post-intervention knowledge-attitude surveys were also conducted . were compared between groups . were 154 families who participated ( 76 intervention , 78 standard curriculum ) including 197 children < 4 years old . were primarily Latino and Spanish-speaking . families were significantly less likely to visit the PED when their young child ( age 6 to < 48 months ) was ill ( 8.2 % vs 15.7 % ; P = .025 ) . difference remained significant on the family level ( P = .03 ) . families were also less likely to use an inappropriate over-the-counter medication for their < 2-year-old child ( odds ratio , 0.29 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.09-0 .95 ; 12.2 % vs 32.4 % , P = .034 ) and/or incorrect dosing tool for their < 4-year-old child ( odds ratio , 0.24 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.08-0 .74 ; 9.8 % vs 31.1 % ; P < .01 ) . mean difference in Knowledge-Attitude scores for intervention families was higher . URI health literacy-related educational intervention embedded into EHS decreased PED visits and adverse care practices ."
4560,Abstract #4560,"is the first proton pump inhibitor to be developed as an optical isomer for the treatment of acid-related diseases . hundred and forty eight duodenal ulcer patients with Helicobacter pylori infection , confirmed by 13C-urea breath test ( UBT ) , and no current ulcer , were randomised to double-blind treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily ( b.d. ) ( n = 224 ) or omeprazole 20 mg b.d. ( n = 224 ) , in combination with amoxicillin 1 g b.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.d. for 1 week ( EAC and OAC , respectively ) . negative UBT at both 4 and 8 weeks after completing therapy indicated successful H. pylori eradication . ( ITT ) analysis comprised 400 patients ( EAC , n = 204 ; OAC , n = 196 ) and per protocol ( PP ) analysis 377 patients ( EAC , n = 192 ; OAC , n = 185 ) . rates ( 95 % confidence intervals ) for ITT and PP populations were : EAC , 90 % ( 85-94 % ) and 91 % ( 86-94 % ) ; OAC , 88 % ( 82-92 % ) and 91 % ( 86-95 % ) . differences in eradication rates were not statistically significant . regimens were well tolerated , with an adverse event profile and frequency typical of proton pump inhibitor plus antibiotic combination therapy . triple therapy for 1 week is highly effective in eradicating H. pylori infection in duodenal ulcer disease , offers comparable efficacy to omeprazole-based therapy , and is well tolerated ."
4561,Abstract #4561,"assess the effect of screening in terms of excess mortality in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer ( ERSPC ) . total of 141,578 men aged 5569 were randomized to systematic screening or usual care in ERSPC sections in Finland , Italy , the Netherlands and Sweden . excess number of deaths was defined as the difference between the observed number of deaths in the prostate cancer ( PC ) patients and the expected number of deaths up to 31 December 2006 . expected number was derived from mortality of all study participants before a diagnosis with PC adjusted for study centre , study arm and study attendance . excess mortality rates were compared between the two study arms . PC incidence was 9.25 per 1000 person-years in the intervention arm and 5.49 per 1000 person-years in the control arm , relative risk ( RR ) 1.69 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1.621.76 ) . excess mortality among men with PC was 0.29 per 1000 person-years in the intervention arm and 0.37 per 1000 person-years in the control arm ; the RR for excess mortality was 0.77 ( 95 % CI 0.551.08 ) . absolute risk reduction in the excess mortality was 0.08 per 1000 person-years . overall mortality was not significantly different between the intervention and the control arms of the study : RR 0.99 ( 95 % CI 0.961.01 ) . the reduction in excess mortality was not statistically significant , the between arm reduction in excess mortality rate was in line with the previously reported 20 % reduction in the disease-specific mortality . finding indicates that the reduction in PC mortality in the ERSPC trial can not be due to a bias in cause of death adjudication ."
4562,Abstract #4562,"Vessel Closure System ( VCS ) is commercially available since 1997 . clip system has proven to be successful for vascular anastomoses in access surgery . is little experience with the VCS in peripheral vascular surgery . trial was conducted for patients with peripheral arterial disease , who required either a femoral artery endarterectomy or a peripheral bypass procedure . were randomized into two groups : a VCS group , in which the proximal anastomoses were made using VCS clips ; and a control group , in which both proximal and distal anastomoses were performed using Prolene sutures . assessed were the speed of anastomosis and patency . events were monitored . the VCS group , 12 patients underwent anastomoses using VCS clips . the control group , 12 patients underwent vascular reconstruction using sutures . the VCS group , the mean speed of anastomosis was 1.9 mm/min , whereas the mean speed in the control group was 2.5 mm/min ; this was not significantly different ( P = 0.096 ) . a follow-up of 12 months , there was no difference in patency . the VSC group , two serious adverse events occurred , which required emergency surgery . in the femoral artery using VCS clips is not faster than that using running Prolene sutures , and in our small sample , two serious adverse events in the VCS group were observed . results do not support the further use of vascular clips in peripheral vascular surgery ."
4563,Abstract #4563,"a theory-based , Internet-delivered nutrition education module . , treatment-control design with pre-post intervention assessments . sample of 160 young adults ( aged 18-24 ) recruited by community educators in 4 states . completers ( n = 96 ) included a mix of racial/ethnic groups and family demographics , but were predominately white females without children . Transtheoretical Model ( TTM ) - based , stage-tailored Internet program , F&V ( Fruit & Vegetable ) Express Bites , was delivered to treatment group participants ; controls received nontailored messages in a comparable format . OUTCOME MEASURES AND ANALYSIS : TTM constructs at baseline , immediately postviewing , and at 30-day follow-up were compared via chi-square , McNemar 's test , and logistic regression . use and acceptability indicators were collected postviewing ( treatment only ) . baseline respondents , 86.5 % completed the study . follow-up , self-efficacy , decisional balance , and selected processes improved for both groups , with only marginal advantages for the theory-based version . and vegetable consumption changes were similar for both groups . measures of knowledge , confidence , and motivation improved ( not measured for controls ) . ratings of treatment program acceptability and personal relevance were reported . Internet is a favorable option for reaching young adults with nutrition messages . study did not identify strong advantages of theory-based tailoring , especially for fruit consumption , which had weaker barriers than vegetable consumption among this target audience ."
4564,Abstract #4564,"compare the incidence of postural post-dural puncture headache ( PPDPH ) after spinal anaesthesia using two different 0.40 mm O.D. ( 27 g ) spinal needles : pencil-point needle and Quincke needle . addition , a meta-analysis of studies comparing small bore spinal needles with regard to development of PPDPH was performed . study : A prospective randomised double-blind study was set up to investigate PPDPH after using 0.40 mm pencil-point ( Pencan , B. Braun ) or Quincke ( Spinocan , B. Braun ) spinal needle . on day 5 to 7 a telephone interview was conducted in order to reveal postoperative complications such as headache and backache . was considered present when the headache was new to the patient , and demonstrated posture dependence . : Electronic database search and manual search of relevant literature were performed in order to find randomised control trials comparing equal sized ( outer diameter , O.D. ) spinal needles with different bevel shape . studies with a proper method and not merely presented as an abstract were included in addition to the present clinical study . of 313 patients randomised , 301 were completely followed up , 153 in the pencil-point group and 148 in the Quincke group . two groups were comparable regarding surgical procedures and demographic data . 15 patients suffering from PPDPH , 12 were found in the Quincke group , and 3 in the pencil-point group . difference was 6.1 % ( 95 % CI from 1.2 to 12.5 % ) . meta-analysis of 1131 patients gave a relative risk of developing PPDPH of 0.38 ( 95 % CI from 0.19 to 0.75 ) in the pencil-point group compared to the Quincke group . pencil-point-shaped spinal needle will significantly reduce PPDPH compared with Quincke-type spinal needles , also when small bore needles ( 0.40 mm O.D. ) are used ."
4565,Abstract #4565,"evaluate the effect of mother-infant early skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding behavior of infants . randomized controlled trial . study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences , Islamabad , from November to December 2009 . mothers were assessed for the successful breastfeeding by using IBFAT tool . time to initiate the first feed , time to effective breastfeeding , maternal satisfaction with the care provided , preference for the same care in future and level of exclusive breastfeeding at the age of one month were also noted . data was compared by using X2 and t-test . p-value was taken as < 0.05 . total of 183 mother-infant pairs ( 92 in skin-to-skin care [ SSC ] group and 91 in conventional care [ CC ] group ) were analyzed for breastfeeding behavior of the infants . first breastfeed was 26.25 % more successful in SSC group ( 58.8 % in SSC group as compared to 32.5 % in CC group with p-value of 0.001 ) . SSC group , the mean time to initiate first breastfeed was 61.6 minutes shorter than CC group ( 40.62 vs. 101.88 ; p < 0.001 ) . time to achieve effective breastfeeding was 207 minutes earlier in SSC group ( 149.69 vs. 357.50 ; p < 0.001 ) . level of satisfaction in the mothers of SSC group was significantly high as compared to controls ( 56 % vs. 6.2 % ) . , 53.8 % mothers of SSC group showed preference for similar care in future as compared to 5 % in CC group . SSC group 85.3 % infants were exclusively breastfed at one month as compared to 65.7 % in CC group ( p = 0.025 ) . early skin-to-skin contact significantly enhanced the success of first breastfeed and continuation of exclusive breastfeeding till one month of age . also reduced the time to initiate first feed and time to effective breastfeeding ."
4566,Abstract #4566,"compare patients ' health status function after treatment with thermal balloon endometrial ablation ( TBEA ) and levonorgestrel intrauterine system ( LNG-IUS ) for idiopathic menorrhagia . patients were recruited into a randomized trial comparing their health status after treatment with TBEA or LNG-IUS for idiopathic menorrhagia . 1 year follow-up , the mean haemoglobin was significantly higher in women treated with TBEA ( 12.6 g/dl vs. 10.3 g/dl , p = 0.018 ) . deficiency occurred in 13.3 % from the TBEA arm and in 50 % from the LNG-IUS arm ( p = 0.026 ) . women 's mean Short Form 36 Questionnaire general health perception scores ( 54.9 vs. 40.5 , p = 0.024 ) and mental health scores ( 49.5 vs. 38.3 , p = 0.021 ) in TBEA arm were significantly higher than in the LNG-IUS arm . mental health domain score was also significantly lower in the LNG-IUS arm ( 46.1 vs. 38.3 , p = 0.041 ) . appears to offer better health status function at 1 year follow-up and to be more acceptable to our Chinese population in the treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia following failed medical treatment ."
4567,Abstract #4567,"with severe hypercholesterolemia may need greater cholesterol reductions than can be achieved with statin therapy alone . primary objective of this trial was to compare the efficacy of a combination of rosuvastatin plus cholestyramine with that of rosuvastatin alone for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) levels after 6 weeks of treatment . this open-label , multicenter , randomized , parallel-group , comparator trial , adult patients with severe hypercholesterolemia ( LDL-C level , 190-400 mg/dL ) received rosuvastatin 40 mg/d for 6 weeks after a 6-week dietary lead-in period and were then randomized to 6 weeks of treatment with rosuvastatin 80 mg/d alone or rosuvastatin 80 mg/d plus cholestyramine 16 g/d ( 8 g BID with meals ) . 153 eligible patients , 147 ( 83 men , 64 women ; mean [ SD ] age , 54.5 [ 13.7 ] years ; mean [ SD ] bodyweight , 81.3 [ 14.4 ] kg ) received randomized treatment , and 144 had post baseline measurements and were included in the analysis . mean ( SD ) reduction in LDL-C was 522 % ( 13.0 % ) after treatment with rosuvastatin 40 mg , and the least squares mean ( SE ) reductions in LDL-C were 56.4 % ( 1.8 % ) and 60.5 % ( 1.8 % ) after treatment with rosuvastatin 80 mg alone ( n = 69 ) and rosuvastatin 80 mg plus cholestyramine ( n = 75 ) , respectively . significant differences between treatments were found for these or other lipid measurements . LDL-C reductions > 30 % were obtained in 29 % ( 22/75 ) of patients receiving combination therapy and 4 % ( 3/69 ) of patients receiving rosuvastatin alone . combination therapy was less well tolerated , primarily due to gastrointestinal symptoms ; otherwise , the treatments were generally well tolerated . this group of patients with severe hypercholesterolemia , the combination of rosuvastatin 80 mg with cholestyramine 16 g/d did not provide a significantly greater efficacy benefit than rosuvastatin alone ."
4568,Abstract #4568,"compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of nifedipine versus indomethacin in the treatment of preterm labor . a randomized clinical trial , 79 women with labor pain at 26-33 weeks of gestation were treated with either oral nifedipine ( n = 40 ) or rectal indomethacin ( n = 39 ) . ( 59 % ) women in the indomethacin group , and 10 ( 25 % ) in the nifedipine group did not respond to treatment ( P = 0.002 ) . of the 16 and 30 women remaining in the indomethacin and nifedipine groups , respectively , delivered during the subsequent 48 hours . these remaining women , 1 ( 6.25 % ) in the indomethacin group and 4 ( 13.3 % ) in the nifedipine group delivered between 48 hours and 7 days ( P = 0.162 ) . the women who responded to treatment , the mean gestational age at time of delivery was 238.519.4 days and 246.415.4 days in the nifedipine and indomethacin groups , respectively ( P = 0.182 ) . ( 42.5 % ) women in the nifedipine group , and 11 ( 28.2 % ) in the indomethacin group showed adverse effects ( P = 0.184 ) . was less effective than nifedipine for the fast treatment of preterm labor . women who responded to treatment within 2 hours , however , the delaying of delivery by indomethacin was similar to that by nifedipine ."
4569,Abstract #4569,"recently , conventional antipsychotics were the standard pharmacotherapy for psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia . double-blind , placebo-controlled study compared the acute efficacy of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and the neuroleptic perphenazine with placebo for the treatment of psychosis and behavioral disturbances in nondepressed patients with dementia . hospitalized patients with at least one moderate to severe target symptom ( aggression , agitation , hostility , suspiciousness , hallucinations , or delusions ) were randomly assigned to receive either citalopram , perphenazine , or placebo under double-blind conditions for up to 17 days . treated with citalopram or perphenazine showed statistically significant improvement on several Neurobehavioral Rating Scale factor scores . to those receiving placebo , only patients treated with citalopram showed significantly greater improvement in their total Neurobehavioral Rating Scale score as well as in the scores for the agitation/aggression and lability/tension factors . effect scores were similar among the three treatment groups . was found to be more efficacious than placebo in the short-term hospital treatment of psychotic symptoms and behavioral disturbances in nondepressed , demented patients ."
4570,Abstract #4570,"sleep hygiene including sleeping in the daytime or with the lights on at night is discovered during the assessment of many sleep disorders including sleep apnea . aim of this study was to investigate whether environmental light affected autonomic control of heart rate , sleep-disordered breathing ( SDB ) , and/or breathing patterning . non-obese healthy volunteers without witnessed snoring and apneas were recruited . were performed at home using a type 3 portable monitor combined with actigraphy for sleep-wake timing , using a randomly assigned , crossover between dark , or 1,000 lx of fluorescent lighting environment . outcomes were low-frequency power divided by high-frequency power ( LF/HF ratio ) in the analysis of heart rate variability , the apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI ) , and ventilatory pattern variability before and after sleep onset between environments . LF/HF ratio and AHI were both significantly higher in light as compared to dark . sleep onset , the coefficient of variation ( CV ) for breath-to-breath tidal volume representing breathing irregularity tended to be higher in light than in dark environment . CV values for tidal volume after sleep onset were significantly decreased compared with before sleep onset in both sleep environments . information of the ventilatory pattern was significantly lower before sleep onset than after sleep onset , only in the light environment . in the light has effects like that of a stressor as it is associated with neuroexcitation , SDB , and resting breathing irregularity in healthy volunteers . findings may be relevant to many sleep disorders associated with poor sleep hygiene ."
4571,Abstract #4571,"infants in resource-poor settings frequently develop hypothermia during the first hours after birth . bags or wraps are a low-cost intervention for the prevention of hypothermia in preterm and low birth weight infants that may also be effective in term infants . objective was to test the hypothesis that placement of term neonates in plastic bags at birth reduces hypothermia at 1 hour after birth in a resource-poor hospital . parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at University Teaching Hospital , the tertiary referral center in Zambia . neonates with both a gestational age 37 weeks and a birth weight 2500 g were randomized 1:1 to either a standard thermoregulation protocol or to a standard thermoregulation protocol with placement of the torso and lower extremities inside a plastic bag within 10 minutes after birth . primary outcome was hypothermia ( < 36.5 C axillary temperature ) at 1 hour after birth . randomized to plastic bag ( n = 135 ) or to standard thermoregulation care ( n = 136 ) had similar baseline characteristics ( birth weight , gestational age , gender , and baseline temperature ) . in the plastic bag group had a lower rate of hypothermia ( 60 % vs 73 % , risk ratio 0.76 , confidence interval 0.60-0 .96 , P = .026 ) and a higher axillary temperature ( 36.4 0.5 C vs 36.2 0.7 C , P < .001 ) at 1 hour after birth compared with infants receiving standard care . in a plastic bag at birth reduced the incidence of hypothermia at 1 hour after birth in term neonates born in a resource-poor setting , but most neonates remained hypothermic ."
4572,Abstract #4572,"evidence exists about associations between several life-threatening diseases and passive smoking . objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of passive smoking among Iranian dental students , to assess their attitudes towards tobacco control programs , and to explore the association between these two and tobacco use . eight randomly selected dental schools , all fourth-year students were surveyed by means of a self-administered anonymous questionnaire in December 2010 . Global Health Professions Student Survey ( GHPSS ) questionnaire served as the data collection instrument . to environmental tobacco smoke ( ETS ) was assessed during the previous week . test , logistic regression , and linear regression served for statistical analyses . response rate was 84 % ( 325 students , 66 % female ) . to ETS was reported by 74 % of the participants . were significantly more exposed to ETS at home , and in other places than were women . of the students agreed on queried tobacco control policies . lowest agreement ( 72 % ) was for banning smoking in coffee shops and teahouses . logistic regression model showed that adjusted for gender , passive smoking at home is significantly associated with current tobacco use . linear regression model suggested that the total score of attitudes is significantly associated with passive smoking at home , passive smoking in other places , tobacco use experience , and current tobacco use . study reports high exposure to ETS among dental students , and its association with current tobacco use and attitudes towards tobacco control ."
4573,Abstract #4573,"Pelvic Pain Syndromes ( CPPS ) affect an important percentage ( 5-9 % ) of the patients in urology practice ; however there has been no consensus as to how the treatment should be planned in these patients . purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of terazosine in the treatment of CPPS patients . our outpatient department , between May 1997 and October 1999 , 91 patients were diagnosed as CPPS . patients were first evaluated by Prostatitis Symptom Score Index ( PSSI ) and then randomized into two treatment groups . first group received 2 mg/day terazosine ( 47 patients ) , and the others received placebo ( 42 patients ) . three months of treatment , 69 patients came back for the control visit ( terazosine 39 , placebo 30 ) . were reexamined by PSSI and their results were evaluated by Wilcoxon analysis . the treatment PSSI of the 39 patients who received terazosine were 9.61 + / - 1.61 , after the treatment they were 6.25 + / - 1.60 . the placebo group , PSSI values before the treatment were 9.27 + / - 1.88 and after the treatment they were 8.81 + / - 2.66 . the terazosine group , the difference between the pretreatment and post treatment PSSI values was statistically significant ( p = 0.0002 ) . the placebo group , on the other hand , this difference was statistically insignificant ( p = 0.701 ) ) . the treatment , the difference between the terazosine and placebo groups was also statistically significant ( p = 0.001 ) . the terazosine group ( as the recommendation was to take the medication at night ) postural hypotension did not develop . was effective for the treatment of CPPS . it was concluded that three months of treatment was insufficient ."
4574,Abstract #4574,"intention was to investigate whether preventive health checks and health discussions are cost effective . a randomized trial the authors compared two intervention groups ( A and B ) and one control group . 1991 2,000 30 - to 49-year-old persons were invited and those who accepted were randomized . intervention groups were offered a broad ( multiphasic ) screening including cardiovascular risk and a personal letter including screening results and advice on healthy living . in group A could contact their family physician for a normal consultation whereas group B were given fixed appointments for health consultations . follow-up period was six years . was carried out on the `` intention to treat '' principle . parameters were life years gained , and direct and total health costs ( including productivity costs ) , discounted by 3 % annually . were based on register data . sensitivity analysis was carried out . intervention groups have significantly better life expectancy than the control group ( no intervention ) . B and ( A ) significantly gain 0.14 ( 0.08 ) life years more than the control group . were no differences in average direct ( 3,255 euro ( 3,703 euro ) versus 4,186 euro ) and total costs ( 10,409 euro ( 9,399 euro ) versus 10,667 euro ) . effect in group B is , however , better than in group A with no significant differences in costs . results are insensitive to a range of assumptions regarding costs , effects , and discount rates . health screening and consultation in primary care in 30 - to 49-year-olds produce significantly better life expectancy without extra direct and total costs over a six-year follow-up period ."
4575,Abstract #4575,"arsenic toxicity , producing various clinical manifestations , is currently epidemic in West Bengal , India , Bangladesh , and other regions of the world . , a chelating agent , increases excretion of arsenic in urine to several times the prechelation concentration but the therapeutic efficacy of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate in the management of chronic arsenic toxicity has been incompletely evaluated . investigated the clinical use of 2,3-dmercapto-1-propanesulfonate in such patients . consecutive patients with chronic arsenicosis were individually randomized into 2 groups : 11 patients ( 9 males and 2 females , age 30.63 + / -11.4 years ) received 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate 100-mg capsules 4 times a day for 1 week and repeated in the 3rd , 5th , and 7th week with no drug during the intervening period . other 10 patients ( 5 males and 5 females , age 34.4 + / -14.41 years ) were given placebo capsules ( resembling 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate ) in the same schedule . consumption of arsenic-contaminated water was terminated by all 21 subjects . and posttreatment urinary arsenic excretion was determined in all cases . excretion of urinary arsenic was determined during the treatment of 2 drug - and 1 placebo-treated cases . clinical features were evaluated by an objective scoring system before and after treatment . investigation including liver function test and skin biopsy were also done before and after the treatment . toxicity was tabulated . with 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate caused significant improvement in the clinical condition of chronic arsenicosis patients as evidenced by significant reduction of total clinical scores from 8.90 + / -2.84 to 3.27 + / -1.73 ; p < 0.0001 . cessation alone with placebo treatment also reduced clinical scores ( 8.50 + / -1.96 to 5.40 + / -2.12 ; p < 0.003 ) , but the posttreatment total clinical score of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate-treated patients ( 3.27 + / -1.73 ) was significantly lower than that of placebo-treated patients ( 5.40 + / -2.12 ; p < 0.01 ) . most significant improvement was noted in regard to the clinical scores of weakness , pigmentation , and lung disease . difference was noted between groups in the hematological and biochemical parameters ( which were normal ) and skin histology before and after treatment . 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate-related adverse effects were noted . urinary excretion of arsenic in 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate-treated cases increased significantly following drug therapy , with no increase in placebo-treated cases . treatment caused significant improvement in the clinical score of patients suffering from chronic arsenic toxicity . urinary excretion of arsenic during the period of therapy is the possible cause of this improvement ."
4576,Abstract #4576,"of two different insertion techniques for implantation of totally implantable access ports ( TIAP ) . are introduced through different open and closed cannulation strategies and by various medical experts . aim of this expertise-based randomized trial was to compare venous cutdown approach with puncture of subclavian vein . hundred and ten patients scheduled for primary implantation of a TIAP were randomly assigned to either open insertion technique performed by surgeons or puncture of the subclavian vein under fluoroscopic guidance by radiologists at an outpatient single university center . primary endpoint was the primary success rate of the cannulation strategy . logistic regression model was used for analysis adjusting for age , Karnofsky index , body mass index and surgeons ' , and the radiologists ' experience . cannulation was not superior to surgical venous cutdown in the intention-to-treat analysis ( odds ratio , 0.37 ; 95 % CI , 0.07 ; 2.15 ) and the as-treated analysis ( odds ratio , 0.16 ; 95 % CI , 0 ; 1.28 ) . procedure was shorter with surgery ( median , 21 minutes ; 95 % CI , 14 ; 30 ) than with radiology ( median , 45 minutes ; 95 % CI , 43 ; 50 ) ( P < 0.001 ) , and the dose of radiation was lower with surgery ( median , 37 cGy/cm ( 2 ) ; 95 % CI , 26 ; 49 ) than with radiology ( 200 cGy/cm ( 2 ) ; 95 % CI , 200 ; 300 ) ( P < 0.001 ) . venous cannulation for insertion of TIAPs can be performed safely and effectively with both approaches . open direct surgical access requires further strategies for successful placement of a TIAP , and percutaneous Seldinger technique requires more time and a higher dose of radiation and is associated with risk of pneumothorax ."
4577,Abstract #4577,"single blind prospective randomised study to determine the effect of Viscoat retained in the eye on intraocular pressure ( IOP ) after phacoemulsification . patients were randomly selected to receive either Viscoat , a viscoelastic composed of 3 % sodium hyaluronate ( mol wt 500,000 daltons ) , and 4 % chondroitin sulfate ( mol wt 25,000 daltons ) or Provisc , a viscoelastic compound composed of 1 % sodium hyaluronate ( mol wt 4,00,000 daltons ) during phacoemulsification . those patients receiving Viscoat the viscoelastic in the anterior chamber only was removed , whereas in those receiving Provisc attempts were made to remove the material entirely . IOP was measured on the first postoperative day , 16-20 hours after surgery . mean postoperative IOP in the Viscoat group was 22.37 + / - 9.0 mmHg and in the Provisc group was 19.67 + / - 6.95 mmHg . patients in the Viscoat group had pressure elevations above 30 mmHg as opposed to three in the Provisc group . two viscoelastics cause equivalent pressure elevations postoperatively . the Viscoat group there were five patients with IOPs above 30 mmHg . recommend that Viscoat should be aspirated from both the anterior chamber and the capsular bag following routine phacoemulsification ."
4578,Abstract #4578,"test the hypotheses that 1 ) 14-days of immobilization of young healthy subjects using a 6 degrees - `` head-down-tilt-bed-rest '' - model ( 6 degrees - HDT ) would reduce cartilage thickness in the knee and serum Cartilage oligometric matrix protein ( COMP ) concentration and 2 ) isolated whole body vibration training would counteract the bed rest effects . study was performed and designed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered as trial DRKS00000140 in the German Clinical Trial Register ( register.germanctr.de ) . male healthy subjects ( 78.0 + / -9.5 kg ; 179 + / -0.96 cm , 26 + / -5 years ) performed 14 days of 6 degrees - HDT . study was designed as a cross-over-design with two study phases : a training and a control intervention . the training intervention , subjects underwent 2x5-min whole body vibration training/day ( Frequency : 20Hz ; amplitude : 2-4mm ) . resonance ( MR ) images ( slice thickness : 2mm ; in-plane resolution : 0.35 x0 .35 mm ; pixels : 448x512 ) were taken before and after the 6 degrees - HDT periods . cartilage thicknesses were calculated for the load bearing regions on the medial and lateral articulating surfaces in the femur and tibia . the control intervention resulted in an overall loss in average cartilage thickness of -8 % ( pre : 3.08 mm + / -0.6 mm post : 2.82 mm + / -0.6 mm ) in the weight-bearing regions of the tibia , average cartilage thickness increased by 21.9 % ( pre : 2.66 mm + / -0.45 mm post : 3.24 mm + / -0.63 mm ) with the vibration intervention . significant differences were found in the weight-bearing regions of the femur . both interventions , reduced serum COMP concentrations were observed ( control intervention : -13.6 + / -8.4 % ; vibration intervention : -9.9 + / -3.3 % ) . results of this study suggest that articular cartilage thickness is sensitive to unloading and that vibration training may be a potent countermeasure against these effects . sensitivity of cartilage to physical training is of high relevance for training methods in space flight , elite and sport and rehabilitation after illness or injury ."
4579,Abstract #4579,"the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup International Collaboration on Ovarian Neoplasms 7 ( ICON7 ) trial , bevacizumab improved progression-free survival in patients with ovarian cancer when used in combination with first-line chemotherapy and as a single-drug continuation treatment for 18 cycles . a preliminary analysis of a high-risk subset of patients , there was also an improvement in overall survival . study aims to describe the health-related quality-of-life ( QoL ) outcomes from ICON7 . is a randomised , multicentre , open-label phase 3 trial . Dec 18 , 2006 , and Feb 16 , 2009 , after a surgical procedure aiming to debulk the disease , women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ( FIGO ) high-risk stage I-IV epithelial ovarian cancer were randomly allocated ( 1:1 ) by computer program and block randomisation to receive either six cycles of standard chemotherapy ( total 18 weeks ) with carboplatin ( area under the curve 5 or 6 ) and paclitaxel ( 175 mg/m ( 2 ) ) alone or with bevacizumab ( 75 mg/kg ) given intravenously with chemotherapy and continued as a single drug thereafter ( total 54 weeks ) . primary QoL endpoint was global QoL from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life questionnaire-core 30 at week 54 , analysed by ANOVA and adjusted for baseline score . were by intention to treat . ICON7 trial has completed recruitment and remains in follow-up . study is registered , number ISRCTN91273375 . women were randomly assigned to the standard chemotherapy group and 764 to the bevacizumab group . baseline , 684 ( 90 % ) of women in the standard chemotherapy group and 691 ( 90 % ) of those in the bevacizumab group had completed QoL questionnaires . week 54 , 502 ( 66 % ) women in the bevacizumab group and 388 ( 51 % ) women in the standard chemotherapy group provided QoL data . , the mean global QoL score improved during chemotherapy by 72 points ( SD 244 ) when analysed for all women with data at baseline and week 18 . mean global QoL score at 54 weeks was higher in the standard chemotherapy group than in the bevacizumab group ( 761 [ SD 182 ] vs 697 [ 191 ] points ; difference 64 points , 95 % CI 37-90 , p < 00001 ) . continuation treatment seems to be associated with a small but clinically significant decrement in QoL compared with standard treatment for women with ovarian cancer . trade-off between the prolongation of progression-free survival and the quality of that period of time needs to be considered in clinical practice when making treatment decisions . and the National Institute for Health Research through the UK National Cancer Research Network ."
4580,Abstract #4580,"test the hypothesis that nutritional status at diagnosis , defined as body mass index standard deviation score ( SDS ) , is related to the prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) . sample consisted of 1,025 patients with standard risk ALL who had been randomized to different intensification therapies . measures were relapse/no relapse and time to first relapse . influence of body mass index SDS was tested by survival analysis . was no evidence that body mass index SDS was related to clinical outcome ( proportional hazards model , p = 0.72 ) . study results suggest that nutritional status at diagnosis , defined on the basis of the body mass index , at least in developed countries , has no effect on the prognosis in ALL , and it should not be considered as a prognostic factor ."
4581,Abstract #4581,"have tested the hypothesis that high fat foods such as chocolate induce reduced rates of gastric emptying in comparison to lower fat foods and that this can impact uptake of allergens and subsequent reactions in allergic patients . four volunteers , magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure gastric emptying of a series of nine doses of either dark chocolate bars containing 35 % fat or a chocolate dessert containing 8 % fat . showed a mean rate of decrease in gastric volume with an 8 % fat dessert was 0.33 0.09 mL/min compared to an average rate of increase in gastric volume of 0.09 0.10 mL/min for the chocolate bars . parallel , eight allergic patients were challenged for either peanut or hazelnut in the same two matrices and doses using a standardized protocol . statistical analysis of the objective symptoms in the allergic patients showed that the chocolate bars gave a significantly higher threshold for objective symptoms than the dessert . bars induced lower gastric emptying rates and in food challenges with allergic patients gave a higher threshold of elicitation for objective reactions than a dessert ."
4582,Abstract #4582,"observe the curative effect of acne conglobata treated by encircling acupuncture combined with ventouse and cupping . total of 52 acne conglobata patients were randomly divided into acupuncture group ( n = 26 ) and Western medicine group ( n = 26 ) . of acupuncture group were treated with encircling acupuncture around the affected focus . acupuncture was applied to Hegu ( LI 4 ) , Xuehai ( SP 10 ) , Fenglong ( ST 40 ) and Sanyinjiao ( SP 6 ) , once daily . ( GV 14 ) and Feishu ( BL 13 ) were used for venesection and cupping ( twice a week ) . of medication group were treated with oral administration of Isotretinoin Capsules ( 10 mg , t.i.d. ) . treatment duration of 2 groups was 4 weeks . IL-6 content was detected with double-antibody sandwich elisa enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . the treatment , in acupuncture group and Western medicine group , 3 ( 11.5 % ) and 4 ( 15.4 % ) cases experienced remarkable relief in their signs , 14 ( 53.8 % ) and 11 ( 42.3 % ) had marked improvement , 6 ( 23.1 % ) and 7 ( 26.9 % ) had improvement , 3 ( 11.5 % ) and 4 ( 15.4 % ) failed , with the effective rates being 88.5 % and 84.6 % , respectively . significant difference was found between two groups in the therapeutic effect ( P > 0.05 ) . showed that after the treatment , IL-6 in both groups decreased significantly ( P < 0.01 ) . therapeutic effect of acupuncture group was significantly superior to that of Western medicine group in lowering serum IL-6 ( P < 0.05 ) . acupuncture and medication can effectively promote the recovery of the affected skin , and lower serum IL-6 level in acne conglobata patients . effect of acupuncture is stronger than that of Isotretinoin Capsules in lowering serum IL-6 content and has fewer adverse effects ."
4583,Abstract #4583,"aim of this study was to detect endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) Glu298Asp gene variants in a random sample of the Egyptian population , compare it with those from other populations , and attempt to correlate these variants with serum levels of nitric oxide ( NO ) . association of eNOS genotypes or serum NO levels with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) was also examined . hundred one unrelated healthy subjects and 104 unrelated AMI patients were recruited randomly from the 57357 Hospital and intensive care units of El Demerdash Hospital and National Heart Institute , Cairo , Egypt . genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism . NO was determined spectrophotometrically . genotype distribution of eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism determined for our sample was 58.42 % GG ( wild type ) , 33.66 % GT , and 7.92 % TT genotypes while allele frequencies were 75.25 % and 24.75 % for G and T alleles , respectively . significant association between serum NO and specific eNOS genotype could be detected . significant correlation between eNOS genotype distribution or allele frequencies and the incidence of AMI was observed . present study demonstrated the predominance of the homozygous genotype GG over the heterozygous GT and homozygous TT in random samples of Egyptian population . also showed the lack of association between eNOS genotypes and mean serum levels of NO , as well as the incidence of AMI ."
4584,Abstract #4584,"dysfunction and falls are common problems in later stages of dementia . is a well-established intervention to reduce falls in cognitively intact older people , although there is limited randomised trial evidence of outcomes in people with dementia . primary objective of this study is to evaluate whether a home-based balance exercise programme improves balance performance in people with mild to moderate severity Alzheimer 's disease . hundred and fourteen community dwelling participants with mild to moderate severity Alzheimer 's disease will be recruited for the randomised controlled trial . series of laboratory and clinical measures will be used to evaluate balance and mobility performance at baseline . will then be randomized to receive either a balance training home exercise programme ( intervention group ) from a physiotherapist , or an education , information and support programme from an occupational therapist ( control group ) . groups will have six home visits in the six months following baseline assessment , as well as phone support . participants will be re-assessed at the completion of the programme ( after six months ) , and again in a further six months to evaluate sustainability of outcomes . primary outcome measures will be the Limits of Stability ( a force platform measure of balance ) and the Step Test ( a clinical measure of balance ) . outcomes include other balance and mobility measures , number of falls and falls risk measures , cognitive and behavioural measures , and carer burden and quality of life measures . will be blind to group allocation . change in balance performance will be evaluated in a sub-study , in which the first 64 participants of the control group with mild to moderate severity Alzheimer 's disease , and 64 age and gender matched healthy participants will be re-assessed on all measures at initial assessment , and then at 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 months . introducing a balance programme at an early stage of the dementia pathway , when participants are more likely capable of safe and active participation in balance training , there is potential that balance performance will be improved as dementia progresses , which may reduce the high falls risk at this later stage . successful , this approach has the potential for widespread application through community based services for people with mild to moderate severity Alzheimer 's disease . protocol for this study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12608000040369 ) ."
4585,Abstract #4585,"evaluate the effects of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation ( TENS ) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome ( CTS ) . controlled trial . medical center and an outpatient imaging center . patients with CTS ( n = 20 ) were randomized into 2 groups receiving either TENS ( n = 10 ) or sham TENS ( n = 10 ) . both groups , an initial baseline fMRI session was performed via stimulating digits 2 , 5 , and 3 in turn , 1 scan run for each . versus sham TENS treatment was given , and a repeat imaging was performed starting 20 minutes after the treatment as follows : second finger on the 20th minute , fifth finger on the 25th minute ( ulnar nerve innervated control finger ) , and third finger on the 30th min . applicable . in fMRI activation between the 2 groups were evaluated . results demonstrated that 20 to 25 minutes after TENS treatment-but not in the sham TENS group-a significant fMRI signal decrease for digit 2 ( post-TENS vs baseline ) was observed in the secondary somatosensory regions , ipsilateral primary motor cortex ( M1 ) , contralateral supplementary motor cortex ( SMA ) , contralateral parahippocampal gyrus , contralateral lingual gyrus , and bilateral superior temporal gyrus . on the 25th to 30th minutes for digit 5 were similar between the groups , with presence of activities in areas other than generally activated regions because of painful stimuli . to 35 minutes after TENS treatment , a significant fMRI signal decrease for digit 3 was detected in the contralateral M1 and contralateral SMA only in the TENS group . findings showed that TENS treatment significantly decreased the pain-related cortical activations caused by stimulation of the median nerve-innervated fingers up to 35 minutes after treatment ."
4586,Abstract #4586,"analgesics may be a useful alternative in patients with osteoarthritis who have not responded to first-line treatment with acetaminophen and in whom nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are contraindicated , ineffective , or poorly tolerated . study compared the efficacy and tolerability of tramadol LP 200 mg , a new once-daily , sustained-release formulation , with those of placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee . this multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study , patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee ( European League Against Rheumatism criteria ) were randomized to receive either tramadol LP 200 mg once daily or placebo for 14 days . primary efficacy end point was the change from baseline to the end of the study in scores on the Huskisson visual analog scale for pain . end points were change in the Lequesne functional discomfort index , global efficacy assessed by the patient and the investigator , time to improvement , and use of acetaminophen as rescue analgesic medication . tolerability was assessed by both patients and investigators at the end of the study The number and severity of adverse events occurring during the study and for 2 weeks thereafter were also recorded . hundred thirty patients ( 167 women , 63 men ) were evaluable for efficacy and safety Demographic data for the tramadol and placebo groups were as follows : mean ( SD ) age , 67.1 ( 7.1 ) and 66.4 ( 92 ) years , respectively ; female sex , 72.1 % and 73.1 % ; and mean body weight , 74.7 ( 13.6 ) and 74.6 ( 14.8 ) kg . patients were white . completer analysis included 197 patients ( 85 tramadol , 112 placebo ) . was significantly reduced in the tramadol LP group compared with the placebo group on day 7 ( P = 0.002 ) and day 14 ( P = 0.010 ) . the patient 's assessment of global efficacy , 77.6 % ( 66 ) of the tramadol LP group reported improvement by day 14 , compared with 59.8 % ( 67 ) of the placebo group ; in the investigator 's assessment , the efficacy of tramadol LP was rated very good or good for 612 % ( 52 ) of patients , compared with 30.4 % ( 34 ) for placebo . was reported before day 7 in 882 % ( 75 ) of patients in the tramadol LP group , compared with 65.2 % ( 73 ) in the placebo group ( P = 0.021 ) ; the mean time from the initiation of treatment to reported improvement was 3 days for tramadol LP and 6 days for placebo ( P < 0.001 ) . of response ( defined as > or = 30 % pain reduction between days 0 and 14 ) were 64.7 % ( 55 ) for tramadol LP and 50.0 % ( 56 ) for placebo ( P = 0.039 ) ; no rescue medication was used by 60.0 % ( 51 ) of the tramadol LP group and 36.6 % ( 41 ) of the placebo group ( P - 0.001 ) . or more adverse event was reported by 45.0 % ( 50 ) of the tramadol LP group , compared with 193 % ( 23 ) of the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . would be expected with an opiate agonist such as tramadol , the most common adverse events with this agent involved the gastrointestinal system ( nausea , 22.5 % [ 25 ] of patients ; vomiting , 17.1 % [ 19 ] ) and the central nervous system ( somnolence , 11.7 % [ 13 ] ) . this study , tramadol LP 200 mg was significantly more effective than placebo in alleviating pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee . appeared to be relatively well tolerated for an opioid compound ."
4587,Abstract #4587,"evaluate the clinical effects of topical subgingival application of a doxycycline gel compared to conventional mechanical debridement in supportive periodontal therapy . patients with residual or recurring periodontitis after systematic periodontal treatment at two centers ( Heidelberg , Frankfurt ) participated in this study . had to exhibit at least one single-rooted tooth with either a probing depth ( PPD ) = 5 mm and bleeding-on-probing ( BOP ) or with PPD > or = 6 mm . patients were randomly assigned to one of the two different treatment regimes : DOXY ( exclusively subgingival application of a 14 % doxycycline gel ) or SRP ( scaling and root planing with a sonic scaler ) . examinations ( plaque index [ P1I ] , PPD , vertical relative attachment level [ RAL-V ] , gingival index [ GI ] ) were performed before , 3 , and 6 months after therapy . 37 patients ( 19 female ) , aged 30-76 years with a total of 168 teeth were treated ( DOXY : 79 ; SRP : 89 ) . months after therapy , both groups exhibited statistically significant ( P < 0.001 ) reductions of PPD ( DOXY : -1.43 + / - 0.22 mm ; SRP : -1.14 + / - 0.18 mm ) and gains of RAL-V ( DOXY : 0.79 + / - 0.22 mm ; SRP : 0.72 + / - 0.19 mm ) . regression analyses , considering the therapy of different numbers of teeth in different patients , failed to show statistically significant differences concerning PPD reduction and RAL-V gain between both therapies ( DOXY/SRP ) . both therapies , PPD reduction was significantly better in deeper pockets ( PPD > or = 7 mm ) than in shallow pockets ( PPD : 5-6 mm ) ."
4588,Abstract #4588,"aim of this study was to evaluate the treatments delivered during a pragmatic effectiveness study of acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) and to explore the roles of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( TCM ) diagnoses and preferences of the acupuncturists in treatment design . allocated to an acupuncture arm of a study were offered up to ten sessions of acupuncture over 3 months . followed a flexible treatment protocol that allowed for treatment individualization , use of additional therapies such as moxa , and provision of lifestyle advice . treatments were recorded in logbooks and analyzed by content analysis . primary and eight secondary TCM patterns were identified among the 113 patients with IBS , and were combined in various ways to produce unique diagnoses for 84 % patients . Qi Stagnation and Damp Heat were the most commonly reported patterns . the 126 acupuncture points used , a distinct core and supporting group of points was associated with each primary pattern . practitioner also utilized a distinct core and supporting group of points that reflected his/her preferences . of additional therapies ( e.g. , moxa ) and provision of lifestyle advice ( e.g. , diet ) were generally consistent with a particular practitioner . suggest that a patient 's TCM diagnosis , the practitioner 's preferences , and a patient 's individual characteristics beyond his/her diagnosis influence treatment delivery . particular , TCM diagnoses appear to influence the acupuncture ( i.e. , point selection ) aspect of treatment more than the selection of additional therapies and lifestyle advice . another perspective , the treatments incorporated pragmatic , individualized , and disease-specific approaches with combinations that produced both treatment commonalities and diversities ."
4589,Abstract #4589,"examine the acceptability of photography as an aid to skin examinations in men over 50 years of age . randomised trial of men selected from the electoral roll . participants were photographed , but only half received their photographs . examinations by GPs at years one and two . % of men consented to have photographs taken and 51 % did so . % of respondents had risk factors for melanoma ( compared to 68 % of non-responders ) and 47 % had two or more risk factors ( compared to 23 % of non-responders ) . year one , 91 % of participants remaining in study regions had been examined . were lost by only six participants . over 50 years of age respond to personalised health messages about melanoma and respondents include a high proportion of males with risk factors for melanoma . initial results suggest that photography may be a logistically acceptable approach for assisting in the early detection of melanoma ."
4590,Abstract #4590,"( 4 % lidocaine ) and EMLA cream ( lidocaine-prilocaine 2.5 % ) are topicals used for superficial anesthesia . few studies have been published on their comparative effectiveness in close-to-practice pain models . 1 ) To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of lidocaine cream compared with lidocaine-prilocaine cream and placebo . 2 ) To assess the safety and tolerability . , three-arm , double-blind trial in 40 healthy volunteers comparing the anesthetic effects of Lidocaine and lidocaine-prilocaine cream to placebo at various time points ( 0-120 min ) . standardized pain was induced by lancet pricks and measured by a visual analogue scale . comparison between the test areas was performed in a cross-over design . showed significantly reduced pain compared to placebo at all assessment points . reduction was achieved significantly earlier using lidocaine occlusively ( 30 min ) . significant differences were found concerning the anesthetic efficacy of lidocaine and lidocaine-prilocaine cream . were no relevant adverse events . study confirms that a topical preparation with 4 % lidocaine is an effective and safe treatment option for superficial anesthesia . supports the claim that an occlusive application is more rapid in action . % lidocaine is of value as a rapidly-acting local anesthetic for the treatment of minor surgical procedures ."
4591,Abstract #4591,"evaluate the effectiveness of cataract surgery in achieving sight restoration and vision-related quality-of-life ( QOL ) in patients from rural southern China . , cross-sectional study . total of 109 cataract operated persons ( 152 eyes ) and 654 unoperated persons . sampling was used in identifying a random sample of 5342 persons 50 years of age and older for visual acuity and eye examinations . functioning ( VF ) and QOL questionnaires were administered to aphakic and pseudophakic individuals , unoperated persons with presenting visual acuity less than 0.10 in either eye , and a sample of those with normal vision . visual acuity , VF , and QOL questionnaire scores . the cataract operated participants , 43 ( 39.4 % ) were bilaterally operated on , 32.1 % had presenting visual acuity less than 0.10 in both eyes with 8.3 % greater than or equal to 0.32 in both eyes . operated eyes , 52.6 % presented with visual acuity less than 0.10 , 23.7 % greater than or equal to 0.32 ; with best correction , the corresponding percentages were 21.1 % and 42.1 % . aphakia due to surgical complications was common . a multivariate regression model , better visual acuity outcomes were associated with higher level surgeon practice settings and recent surgery . a 0 to 100 scale , mean VF and QOL scores for the cataract operated population were 41.6 and 54.5 , respectively . scores ranged from 84.4 and 93.4 , respectively , for the unoperated persons with normal vision , to 14.6 and 31.2 , respectively , for those with visual acuity less than 0.05 in both eyes . VF and QOL scores were closely correlated with presenting visual acuity in both cataract operated and unoperated populations ( r = 0.49-0 .64 ) . among the cataract operated population were not influenced by age , gender , or education level . the unoperated population , lack of education was associated with lower VF and QOL scores ( P = 0.017 and P = 0.005 , respectively ) , and older age was associated with lower QOL scores ( P < 0.001 ) . in rural southern China are not realizing the full sight-restoring potential of modern-day cataract surgery . efforts are needed to improve the performance of local eye surgeons ."
4592,Abstract #4592,"evaluate direct asthma-related costs in Swedish primary care in a real-life setting . open-label study . primary care in a real-life setting . patients with persistent asthma . with persistent asthma were randomised to one of three treatments : a free adjustable combination of budesonide ( 100-400 microg/inhalation ) and formoterol ( 4.5 or 9 microg/inhalation ) via separate inhalers plus terbutaline as needed ; budesonide/formoterol ( 160/4 .5 microg or 80/4 .5 microg , two inhalations twice daily ) plus terbutaline as needed ; budesonide/formoterol ( 160/4 .5 microg or 80/4 .5 microg , one inhalation twice daily or two inhalations once daily ) , for maintenance plus additional inhalations as needed . depended on previous inhaled corticosteroid dose . attended the clinic at 0 , 1.5 , and 12 months . interviews were conducted at 4 , 6 , 8 , and 10 months . primary endpoint was direct asthma-related healthcare costs . significant reductions in annual direct costs per patient were observed with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy compared with the free adjustable combination of budesonide and formoterol ( -13 % , P < 0.001 ) and fixed-dose budesonide/formoterol plus terbutaline ( -20 % , P < 0.001 ) . to first severe exacerbation did not differ significantly across treatment groups , with a mean reduction of 28 % versus the free adjustable combination of budesonide and formoterol ( P = 0.076 ) . receiving budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy used a significantly lower daily dose of budesonide compared with the conventional ( P < 0.001 ) . study reports direct cost savings with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy compared with conventional treatment regimens with at least equivalent efficacy ."
4593,Abstract #4593,"is reported to cause clinically relevant inhibition of theophylline metabolism in vivo , but in vitro pefloxacin was only a weak inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 , mediating main theophylline biotransformation . therefore further characterized the interaction between pefloxacin and CYP1A2 . randomized 3-period change-over study was conducted in 12 healthy young volunteers on the steady-state interactions between pefloxacin or enoxacin ( 400 mg twice a day ) with caffeine ( 183 mg once daily ) , a validated marker of CYP1A2 . pharmacokinetics were estimated after its fifth dose . in human liver microsomes were carried out to measure the effect of pefloxacin and norfloxacin on caffeine 3-demethylation , an in vitro CYP1A2 probe , and to identify the enzyme ( s ) that mediate pefloxacin N-4 ' - demethylation with selective inhibitors . the in vivo study , ANOVA-based point estimates ( 90 % confidence intervals [ CI ] ) for the ratios of caffeine pharmacokinetics with and without pefloxacin coadministration were 1.11 for maximal steadystate plasma concentrations ( Cmax , ss ; 90 % CI , 0.99 to 1.26 ) , 0.53 for total clearance ( CLt , ss ; 90 % CI , 0.49 to 0.58 ) , and 1.04 for the beta-phase distribution volume ( Vdbeta ; 90 % CI , 0.96 to 1.13 ) . values for enoxacin were 1.99 for Cmax , ss ( 90 % CI , 1.77 to 2.23 ) , 0.17 for CLt , ss ( 90 % CI , 0.16 to 0.19 ) , and 1.01 for Vdbeta ( 90 % CI , 0.90 to 1.13 ) . pefloxacin caused a 2-fold decrease in caffeine clearance , and enoxacin caused a 6-fold decrease in caffeine clearance . vitro , norfloxacin and pefloxacin competitively inhibited CYP1A2 , with inhibition constant ( Ki ) values of 0.1 and 1 mmol/L , respectively , and CYP1A2 was the only enzyme with a relevant contribution ( approximately 50 % ) to pefloxacin N-4 ' - demethylation . and to a lesser extent pefloxacin may cause clinically relevant interactions with further CYP1A2 substrates . data suggest that the pefloxacin interaction is partly mediated by its major metabolite norfloxacin ."
4594,Abstract #4594,"NIH Consensus Conference in 1994 ( 1 ) concluded that all patients with peptic ulcer disease should be tested and treated for Helicobacter pylori and that further evaluation was needed for patients in remission . evaluated in a double blind randomization 30 patients whose duodenal ulcers had been healed with H2-receptor antagonists and who remained in remission on maintenance therapy . ulcer healing and the presence of H. pylori had been confirmed , these patients were randomized to receive eradication therapy or placebo and were followed for a mean period of 23 months . all patients receiving placebo had ulcer recurrence , whereas the patients treated with antibiotics demonstrate a low recurrence rate . data suggest , for the first time to our knowledge , the importance of treating with antibiotics duodenal ulcer patients whose disease is in remission ."
4595,Abstract #4595,"study sought to determine the efficacy of high-dose atorvastatin in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . randomized trials have demonstrated that statin pre-treatment reduced major adverse cardiac events ( MACEs ) in patients with stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome . , no randomized studies have been carried out with STEMI patients in a primary PCI setting . total 171 patients with STEMI were randomized to 80-mg atorvastatin ( n = 86 ) or 10-mg atorvastatin ( n = 85 ) arms for pre-treatment before PCI . patients were prescribed clopidogrel ( 600 mg ) before PCI . PCI , both groups were treated with atorvastatin ( 10 mg ) . primary end point was 30-day incidence of MACE including death , nonfatal MI , and target vessel revascularization . end points included corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count , myocardial blush grade , and ST-segment resolution at 90 min after PCI . occurred in 5 ( 5.8 % ) and 9 ( 10.6 % ) patients in the 80-mg and 10-mg atorvastatin pre-treatment arms , respectively ( p = 0.26 ) . thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count was lower in the 80-mg atorvastatin arm ( 26.9 + / - 12.3 vs. 34.1 + / - 19.0 , p = 0.01 ) . blush grade and ST-segment resolution were also higher in the 80-mg atorvastatin arm ( 2.2 + / - 0.8 vs. 1.9 + / - 0.8 , p = 0.02 and 61.8 + / - 26.2 vs. 50.6 + / - 25.8 % , p = 0.01 ) . atorvastatin pre-treatment before PCI did not show a significant reduction of MACEs compared with low-dose atorvastatin but did show improved immediate coronary flow after primary PCI . atorvastatin may produce an optimal result for STEMI patients undergoing PCI by improving microvascular myocardial perfusion . Efficacy of High-Dose AtorvaSTATIN Loading Before Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction [ STATIN STEMI ] ; NCT00808717 ) ."
4596,Abstract #4596,"and clinical data suggest that calcium channel blockers could be effective in the treatment of vascular dementia ( VD ) . aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nicardipine on the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with VD . selected outpatients , of both sexes , between 55 and 80 years old , with VD . a placebo wash-out period ( 4 weeks ) , the patients received nicardipine 20 mg t.i.d. or placebo for one year . primary efficacy variable was the loss of over 10 % of the basal score on the Mini-Mental State Examination after one year . time it took to reach this degree of impairment , the evolution of Pfeiffer score , the effect on functional disability and the drug safety were also evaluated . patients were included , 109 completed the study , and 142 underwent intent-to-treat analysis . the end of the study , 34.6 % of patients with placebo and 21.1 % with nicardipine had lost over 10 % of their basal MMSE score . effects of nicardipine were found on females ( 40.9 % vs 10.5 % , p = 0.01876 ) , patients without previous treatments ( 46.2 % vs 13.3 % , p = 0.00748 ) and patients with concomitant antiplatelet treatment ( 35.0 % vs 15.9 ; p = 0.03836 ) . analysis showed that the patients with nicardipine took longer to lose cognitive capacities ( p = 0.031 ; RR = 1.15-3 .99 ) . did not reduce the cognitive decline at the stated period in the total group but it significantly delayed this decline and produces better evolution in females , in patients without previous treatments , and those with antiplatelet treatment ."
4597,Abstract #4597,"combination of intrathecal ( IT ) 5 microg sufentanil plus 1.25 mg bupivacaine is useful for inducing labour analgesia , albeit of short duration and slow onset . a supplementation to this regimen , the effect of IT clonidine on the duration of analgesic action was investigated . healthy parturients were randomly assigned into three groups to receive 0 microg ( group C0 ) , 15 microg ( C15 ) or 30 microg ( C30 ) of clonidine IT in addition to 5 microg sufentanil plus 1.25 mg bupivacaine IT for labour analgesia . quality of pain relief was assessed on 0-100 visual analogue scale by the author . occurrence of side effects was also evaluated before the request for additional analgesia . ( C15 and C30 ) , produced a longer duration of analgesia than C0 ( mean 144 + / - sd 27.9 , 165 + / - 31.8 vs 111 + / - 21.9 min , P < 0.01 ) . , C15 and C30 produced a more rapid onset and a higher quality of analgesia than C0 , ( P < 0.01 ) . most cephalad level of sensory block was higher in C30 than C15 ( median T3 vs T4 , P < 0.05 ) but lowest in C0 ( median T7 vs T3 , T4 , P < 0.01 ) . effects , sedation and hypotension , occurred more frequently in C30 than in either C0 or C 15 , ( 9 vs 2,5 and 9 vs 1,3 , respectively , P < 0.05 ) . optimal dose of intrathecal clonidine to enhance labour analgesia with the current sufentanil-bupivacaine regimen is 15 microg . view of the side effect profile , doses greater than 30 microg clonidine are unlikely to be useful ."
4598,Abstract #4598,"wire-guided excision of nonpalpable breast cancer often results in tumor resections with inadequate margins . prospective , randomized trial was undertaken to investigate whether intraoperative ultrasound ( US ) guidance enables a better margin clearance than the wire-guided technique in the breast-conserving treatment of nonpalpable breast cancers . with a preoperative histological diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancer that could be visualized both with US and mammography were included . were randomized to undergo either a wire-guided or a US-guided excision . margins were defined as > or = 1 mm . 49 included patients , 23 were assigned to undergo wire-guided excision and 26 to undergo US-guided excision . patient crossed over to US-guided excision after inadvertent wire displacement . tumor diameter , specimen weight , and operating time were similar in both groups . excision was adequate in 24 ( 89 % ) of 27 US-guided excisions and 12 ( 55 % ) of 22 wire-guide excisions ( P = .007 ) . excision seems to be superior to wire-guided excision with respect to margin clearance of mammographically detected and US-visible nonpalpable breast cancers . do not have to undergo the unpleasant wire placement before surgery ."
4599,Abstract #4599,"aim of this randomized , double blind , placebo controlled prospective study was to investigate the preventive action of N-methyl-D-aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor antagonist ketamine on postoperative analgesia by comparing its administration preincisionally , at the end of operation and placebo in the management of postoperative pain in children . children ASA I or II , scheduled for hernia repairs , circumcisions and orchydopexy , aged 4.5-14 years were randomly assigned in three groups : first received low dose ketamine 0.3 mg/kg intravenously before the start of operation , second the same dose at the end of operation and the third group got placebo saline i.v. before the incision . intensity of postoperative pain was measured by visual-analogue scale ( VAS ) at 2 , 6 , 12 and 24 h postoperatively . rescue analgesic consumption , the time of the first request of postoperative analgesia and side effects were noted . were not any significant differences in VAS , the time of the first request of analgesia and analgesics ' consumption in postoperative period between the preincisional and postincisional ketamine and placebo group . side effects as sleep disturbances , hallucinations , and nightmares were equal in both ketamine groups . significant difference was found between analgesic effects of preincisional ketamine , ketamine administered at the end of operation and of control group in postoperative analgesia in children ( Tab . , Fig. 1 , Ref . ) . Text ( Free , PDF ) www.bmj.sk ."
4600,Abstract #4600,"studies testing continuous quality improvement ( CQI ) for depression showed no effects . for practices to self-improve depression care performance are needed . assessed the impacts of evidence-based quality improvement ( EBQI ) , a modification of CQI , as carried out by 2 different health care systems , and collected qualitative data on the design and implementation process . impacts of EBQI on practice-wide depression care and outcomes . randomized experiment comparing EBQI with usual care . Kaiser Permanente of Northern California and 3 Veterans Administration primary care practices randomly assigned to EBQI teams ( 6 practices ) or usual care ( 3 practices ) . included 245 primary care clinicians and 250,000 patients . assisted system senior leaders to identify priorities for EBQI teams ; initiated the manual-based EBQI process ; and provided references and tools . PARTICIPANTS : Five hundred and sixty-seven representative patients with major depression . treatment , depression , functional status , and satisfaction . patients in EBQI practices showed a trend toward more appropriate treatment compared with those in usual care ( 46.0 % vs 39.9 % at 6 months , P = .07 ) , but no significant improvement in 12-month depression symptom outcomes ( 27.0 % vs 36.1 % poor depression outcome , P = .18 ) . functioning improved significantly ( mean score 65.0 vs 56.8 at 12 months , P = .02 ) ; physical functioning did not . quality improvement had perceptible , but modest , effects on practice performance for patients with depression . modest improvements , along with qualitative data , identify potential future directions for improving CQI research and practice ."
4601,Abstract #4601,"blood flow dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma . the effect of single antiglaucoma substances on ocular blood flow has been addressed in various experiments , evidence for fixed combinations is sparse . the present study , we set out to compare the effects of latanoprost 0.005 % / timolol 0.5 % ( LT ) fixed combination and brimonidine 0.2 % / timolol 0.5 % ( BT ) fixed combination on intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and ocular blood flow . the present study , which followed a randomized , double-masked 2-way crossover design , 16 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 2 patients with ocular hypertension were included . patients underwent a 6-week treatment with LT and a 6-week treatment with BT after a washout for previous antiglaucoma medication . nerve head blood flow ( ONHBF ) was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry ; retrobulbar flow velocities were measured using color Doppler imaging in the ophthalmic artery , the central retinal artery , and the posterior ciliary arteries . was measured at 8 AM , 12 PM , and 4 PM . mean baseline IOP was 25.32.8 mmHg . drugs were equally effective in reducing IOP ( LT : -35.0 % 10.0 % ; BT : -33.6 % 8.8 % , P = 0.463 between groups ) . addition , no difference in ocular perfusion pressure was observed between the 2 treatment groups ( P = 0.1 , between groups ) . LT nor BT altered ONHBF ( P = 0.4 , baseline vs. treatment ) and no effect on flow velocities in the retrobulbar vessels was seen with either of the 2 treatments . the present study , a 6-week treatment with LT or BT was equally effective in reducing IOP . addition , none of the administered drugs induced a significant effect on ocular blood flow parameters ."
4602,Abstract #4602,"study aimed to evaluate the effects of an exercise programme focusing on muscle stretching and endurance training on the 12-month incidence of neck pain in office workers . 12-month prospective cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted in healthy office workers with lower-than-normal neck flexion movement or neck flexor endurance . were recruited from 12 large-scale enterprises . total of 567 healthy office workers were randomly assigned at the cluster level into either intervention ( n = 285 ) or control ( n = 282 ) groups . in the intervention group received an exercise programme that included daily stretching exercise and twice-a-week muscle endurance training . in the control group received no intervention . primary outcome measure was the 12-month incidence of neck pain , and the secondary outcome measures were pain intensity , disability level , and quality of life and health status . were performed using the Cox proportional hazard models . the 12-month follow-up , 12.1 % of participants in the intervention group and 26.7 % in the control group developed incident neck pain . rate ratios showed a protective effect of the exercise programme for neck pain ( HR = 0.45 , 95 % CI 0.28 to 0.71 ) after adjusting for biopsychosocial factors . was no significant difference in pain intensity , disability and quality of life and health status between those who reported incident neck pain in the intervention and control groups . exercise programme reduced incident neck pain and increased neck flexion movement for office workers with lower-than-normal neck flexion movement ."
4603,Abstract #4603,"patients have impaired arm function after stroke , for which they receive physiotherapy . aim of the study was to determine whether increasing the amount of physiotherapy early after stroke improved the recovery of arm function and to compare the effects of this therapy when administered by a qualified therapist or a trained , supervised assistant . physiotherapy followed a typical British approach , which is Bobath derived . hours of additional therapy were given over a 5-week period . study design was a single-blind , randomized , controlled trial . patients were recruited from those admitted to the hospital in the 5 weeks after stroke . were randomly allocated to routine physiotherapy , additional treatment by a qualified physiotherapist , or additional treatment by a physiotherapy assistant . was assessed after 5 weeks of treatment and at 3 and 6 months after stroke on measures of arm function and of independence in activities of daily living . were 282 patients recruited to the study . median initial Barthel score was 6.5 , and the median age of the patients was 73 years . median initial Rivermead Motor Assessment Arm score was 1 . were no significant differences between the groups at randomization or on any of the outcome measures . half of the patients allocated to the 2 additional-therapy groups completed the program . increase in the amount of physiotherapy for arm impairment with a typical British approach given early after stroke did not significantly improve the recovery of arm function in the patients studied . number of other studies of interventions aimed at rehabilitation of arm function have reported positive results . findings may have been due to the content of these interventions , to the greater intensity of the interventions , or to the selection of patients to whom the treatments were applied ."
4604,Abstract #4604,"performed a randomized trial to evaluate whether fixation of the greater omentum to the peritoneum prevents delayed gastric emptying and other complications after left-sided hepatectomy . undergoing left lateral segmentectomy or left hepatectomy were randomly assigned to a fixation group ( n = 24 ) and a non-fixation group ( n = 25 ) . the fixation group , the greater omentum was sutured to the peritoneum to prevent the stomach from contacting the cut surface of the liver . gastric emptying developed in 4 of the patients in the non-fixation group ( 16 % ) versus none of the patients in the fixation group . to univariate analysis , fixation significantly lowered the risk of delayed gastric emptying ( p < 0.05 ) . overall morbidity was higher in the non-fixation group ( 20.0 % ) than in the fixation patients ( 8.3 % ) without significance . of the greater omentum to the peritoneum decreased the occurrence of delayed gastric emptying following left-sided hepatectomy ."
4605,Abstract #4605,"is growing evidence of the involvement of executive control in the maintenance of balance in old age . examined whether healthy older adults who completed five sessions of nonmotor cognitive dual-task training would show significant improvements on measures of dual-task standing balance and mobility , compared with an untrained control group . healthy older adults were assigned to either training or control groups . the pre - and post-training sessions , all participants performed tests of cognition , balance , and mobility ( single-support balance , dynamic posturography , sit-to-stand , 40-foot walk ) under single - and dual-task conditions . training group completed five sessions of cognitive dual-task training spaced at least 2 days apart . two tasks involved making two-choice decisions to visually presented stimuli . completed multiple blocks of single-task ( task A or B , blockwise ) and mixed ( A , B , or A + B ) trials in each training session . training group showed significant improvements in body sway during single-support balance and center of gravity alignment during double-support dynamic balance . control group showed no appreciable improvements . study is the first to demonstrate training-related benefits to gross motor performance stemming from cognitive dual-task training . results support the view that motor control in aging is influenced by executive control and have implications for theories of cognitive training and transfer ."
4606,Abstract #4606,"is an 80 % prevalence of two or more psychiatric symptoms in psychogeriatric patients . psychiatric symptoms ( MPS ) have many negative effects on quality of life of the patient as well as on caregiver burden and competence . of the effectiveness of an intervention programme , it is important to take into account its economic aspects . economic evaluation was performed alongside a single open RCT and conducted between 2001 and 2006 . patients who met the selection criteria were asked to participate in the RCT . the patient or his caregiver signed a written informed consent form , he was then randomly assigned to either IRR or UC.The costs and effects of IRR were compared to those of UC . assessed the cost-utility of IRR as well as the cost-effectiveness of both conditions . outcome variable : severity of MPS ( NPI ) of patients ; secondary outcome variables : general caregiver burden ( CB ) and caregiver competence ( CCL ) , quality of life ( EQ5D ) of the patient , and total medical costs per patient ( TiC-P ) . was evaluated on the basis of differences in total medical costs ) . was evaluated by comparing differences of total medical costs and effects on NPI , CB and CCL ( Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio : ICER ) . were performed for QALY and NPI-severity . significant testing was fixed at p < 0.05 ( two-tailed ) . data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat ( ITT ) - principle . complete cases approach ( CC ) was used . turned out to be non-significantly , 10.5 % more expensive than UC ( 36 per day ) . number of QALYs was 0.01 higher ( non-significant ) in IRR , resulting in 276,290 per QALY . to the ICER-method , IRR was significantly more cost-effective on NPI-sum-severity of the patient ( up to 34 % ) , CB and CCL ( up to 50 % ) , with ICERs varying from 130 to 540 per additional point of improvement . significant differences were found on QALYs . IRR patients improved significantly more on severity of MPS , and caregivers on general burden and competence , with incremental costs varying from 130 to 540 per additional point of improvement . surplus costs of IRR are considered acceptable , taking into account the high societal costs of suffering from MPS of psychogeriatric patients and the high burden of caregivers . large discrepancy in economic evaluation between QALYs ( based on EQ5D ) and ICERs ( based on clinically relevant outcomes ) demands further research on the validity of EQ5D in psychogeriatric cost-utility studies . Trial registration nr. : ISRCTN 38916563 ; December 2004 ) ."
4607,Abstract #4607,"aim of this study was to assess the effect on myopia progression after cessation of topical atropine treatment . , placebo-controlled , randomized , double-masked study . hundred children aged 6 to 12 years with refractive error of spherical equivalent -1.00 to -6.00 diopters ( D ) and astigmatism of -1.50 D or less . intervention was administered . were followed up for 12 months after stopping treatment , which consisted of either 1 % atropine or vehicle eyedrops once nightly for 2 years . 1 eye of each subject was chosen through randomization for treatment . main efficacy outcome measures were change in spherical equivalent refraction as measured by cycloplegic autorefraction and change in ocular axial length as measured by ultrasonography . cessation of atropine drops , the mean progression in the atropine-treated group was -1.14 + / -0.80 D over 1 year , whereas the progression in placebo-treated eyes was -0.38 + / -0.39 D ( P < 0.0001 ) . , after 3 years of participation in the trial ( with 2 years on atropine treatment ) , eyes randomized to atropine have less severe myopia than other eyes . equivalent was -4.29 + / -1.67 D in the atropine-treated eyes compared with -5.22 + / -1.38 D in the placebo-treated eyes ( P < 0.0001 ) . equivalents in atropine-untreated and placebo-untreated eyes were -5.00 + / -1.62 D and -5.28 + / -1.43 D , respectively . the 3 years , the increase in axial length of the atropine-treated eyes was 0.29 + / -0.37 mm compared with 0.52 + / -0.45 mm in the placebo-treated eyes ( P < 0.0001 ) . cessation of atropine , the amplitude of accommodation and near visual acuity returned to pretreatment levels . stopping treatment , eyes treated with atropine demonstrated higher rates of myopia progression compared with eyes treated with placebo . , the absolute myopia progression after 3 years was significantly lower in the atropine group compared with placebo ."
4608,Abstract #4608,"of activated coagulation time do not correlate with plasma concentration of heparin . study investigated the effects of a patient-specific method to manage anticoagulation and its reversal in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass . and children were randomly assigned to receive either a standard dose of heparin ( 300 IU/kg ; group C , n = 13 ) or an individualized dose , calculated by an in vitro heparin dose-response test ( group HC , n = 13 ) . dose was based on a 1 mg/l mg ratio of total administered heparin for patients in group C and of the residual heparin concentration in group HC . heparin was significantly higher and total protamine dose was significantly reduced in the HC group ( both p < or = 0.001 ) . was less thrombin generation ( p = 0.02 ) and fibrinolysis ( p = 0.05 ) in group HC . loss and requirement for transfusion of blood and fresh frozen plasma were also lower in group HC ( all p < or = 0.05 ) . individualized management of anticoagulation and its reversal results in less activation of the coagulation cascade , less fibrinolysis , and reduced blood loss and need for transfusions . studies are warranted to better define the clinical impact of these findings ."
4609,Abstract #4609,"study examined whether spousal confidence in care-recipient recovery can predict recovery from activity limitations following stroke and how spousal confidence relates to stroke survivor self-efficacy for recovery . prospective design was used . were gathered from stroke survivor/spouse dyads at two time points , both postdischarge from the hospital following stroke ( N = 109 ) . dependent variable was recovery from ambulatory activity limitations over 6 weeks , as measured by the Functional Limitations Profile . single spousal confidence item was tailored to an ambulatory behavior that the stroke survivors could not perform at Time 1 . confidence was correlated with ambulation recovery ( r = -0.23 , p < .05 ) and stroke survivor self-efficacy for recovery ( r = .25 , p < .05 ) . spousal confidence was associated with a better recovery and greater stroke survivor self-efficacy for recovery , but not with initial health status or practical support received . relationship between caregiver confidence , care-recipient self-efficacy for recovery , and recovery outcomes needs further elucidation ."
4610,Abstract #4610,"children with specific language impairment ( SLI ) perform more poorly than their typically developing peers in verbal working memory tasks where processing and storage are simultaneously required . is a language with a relatively free word order and a rich agglutinative morphology . examine the effect of linguistic structure on working memory performance . was examined whether syntactic complexity has a larger impact on working memory performance than sentence length in Hungarian-speaking children , similar to the findings in English speaking children . Experiment 1 , performance accuracy was measured with two linguistic span tasks that included stimuli with varying sentence length and syntactic complexity . 2 examined the impact of sentence length and morphological complexity on working memory performance . with SLI performed more poorly than their age-matched peers in all working memory tasks . error patterns differed from those of children with typical language development . with SLI produced a high number of interference errors that indicate poor executive functions . findings were compared with previous results of English-speaking children . affected working memory performance accuracy differently across languages . English , it was the increase of syntactic complexity that resulted in a decrease in performance accuracy , whereas in Hungarian , it was the morphological complexity that had a large impact on working memory performance . memory performance depends on the linguistic characteristics of the language tested . both English - and Hungarian-speaking children , complexity has a larger effect on verbal working memory performance than the length of the stimuli . , complexity affects working memory performance accuracy differently across languages ."
4611,Abstract #4611,"is a potent stimulus of cholecystokinin ( CCK ) release . from lipolysis , fatty acid chain length , and saturation , emulsification may also determine the magnitude of CCK release . have studied the effect of emulsification of soybean oil on CCK and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP ) release ( radioimmunoassay [ RIA ] ) and gallbladder motility ( ultrasonography ) . healthy subjects were studied on three separate occasions in random order during ( 1 ) intraduodenal administration of emulsified long-chain triglycerides ( LCT ) ( 6 mmol/h for 120 minutes ) ; ( 2 ) equimolar amounts of nonemulsified LCT with addition of emulsifier ; and ( 3 ) saline with emulsifier ( control ) . administration of both nonemulsified LCT and emulsified LCT induced significant ( p < .05 ) increases in plasma CCK and PP levels and reductions in gallbladder volume . , compared with nonemulsified LCT , emulsified LCT resulted in a readier and significantly stronger CCK release ( 212 + / -62 pmol/L per 120 minutes vs 36 + / -7 pmol/L per 120 minutes ; p < .05 ) ; PP release ( 2034 + / -461 pmol/L per 120 minutes vs 671 + / -106 pmol/L per 120 minutes ; p < .05 ) ; and gallbladder contraction ( 77 % + / -2 % vs 41 % + / -7 % ; p < .05 ) . significant alterations were observed in plasma CCK or PP levels and gallbladder volume during administration of saline with emulsifier . administration of a low-dose emulsified LCT more potently stimulates CCK and PP release and gallbladder contraction in comparison to equimolar amounts of nonemulsified LCT . findings point to an important role for solubilization of LCT in determining the magnitude of CCK release from the intestine ."
4612,Abstract #4612,"evaluate the effects of Jianpi Qinghua Recipe ( JPQHR ) on chronic renal failure with syndrome of dampness-heat due to spleen deficiency and its mechanism . hundred and six patients were randomly divided into two groups : control group ( 53 patients treated with routine therapy ) and JPQHR-treated group ( 53 patients treated with routine therapy and JPQHR ) . therapy combined with JPQHR could improve symptoms . serum creatinine , blood urea nitrogen , triglyceride and low density lipoprotein decreased significantly in the JPQHR-treated group as compared with those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) , while the number of erythrocyte rosette-forming cells increased significantly in the JPQHR-treated group as compared with those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . therapy combined with JPQHR can significantly decrease blood lipid level and strengthen cellular immune system , so it can lower the urine protein in the early and middle stages of chronic renal failure and improve renal function ."
4613,Abstract #4613,"psychological therapies for bipolar disorders have been found to have mixed results , with a consensus that they provide a significant , but modest , effect on clinical outcomes . , these approaches have focused on promoting strategies to prevent future relapse . alternative treatment approach , termed ` Think Effectively About Mood Swings ' ( TEAMS ) addresses current symptoms , including subclinical hypomania , depression and anxiety , and promotes long-term recovery . the publication of a theoretical model , a range of research studies testing the model and a case series have demonstrated positive results . current study reports the protocol of a feasibility randomized controlled trial to inform a future multi-centre trial . target number of 84 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I or II disorder , or bipolar disorder not-otherwise-specified are screened , allocated to a baseline assessment and randomized to either 16 sessions of TEAMS therapy plus treatment-as-usual ( TAU ) or TAU . complete self-report inventories of depression , anxiety , recovery status and bipolar cognitions targeted by TEAMS . of diagnosis , bipolar symptoms , medication , access to services and quality of life are conducted by assessors blind to treatment condition at 3 , 6 , 12 and 18 months post-randomization . main aim is to evaluate recruitment and retention of participants into both arms of the study , as well as adherence to therapy , to determine feasibility and acceptability . is predicted that TEAMS plus TAU will reduce self-reported depression in comparison to TAU alone at six months post-randomization . secondary hypotheses are that TEAMS will reduce the severity of hypomanic symptoms and anxiety , reduce bipolar cognitions , improve social functioning and promote recovery compared to TAU alone at post-treatment and follow-up . study also incorporates semi-structured interviews about the experiences of previous treatment and the experience of TEAMS therapy that will be subject to qualitative analyses to inform future developments of the approach . design will provide preliminary evidence of efficacy , feasibility , acceptability , uptake , attrition and barriers to treatment to design a definitive trial of this novel intervention compared to treatment as usual . trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials ( ISRCTN83928726 ) on registered 25 July 2014 ."
4614,Abstract #4614,"Huntington disease ( HD ) patients receiving rivastigmine treatment improvement of behavioral symptoms and of cognitive function ( assessed with screening diagnostic instruments ) has been reported . aim of the present study was to verify such improvement in cognitive function by cognitive function assessment with a detailed neuropsychological battery covering all relevant cognitive systems expected to be impaired in early phase HD . ( 18 ) HD patients entered the study and were randomly allocated to the rivastigmine and placebo group . subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment at baseline . neuropsychological assessment was applied after 6 months of rivastigmine or placebo treatment . ( 18 ) healthy controls entered the study to control for practice effect and underwent neuropsychological assessment at baseline and after 6 months , without treatment . neuropsychological battery consisted of assessment tools that are sensitive to cognitive impairment seen in early phase HD : CTMT , SDMT , Stroop ( attention and information control ) , RFFT , TOL , Verbal fluency ( executive functioning ) , CVLT-II , RCFT ( learning and memory ) . of rivastigmine and possible effect of practice was assessed using the mixed ANOVA model . statistically significant effect of rivastigmine treatment on cognitive function in HD patients was detected . was no evidence for practice or placebo effect . neuropsychological assessment did not confirm previously reported effect of rivastigmine treatment on cognitive function in HD patients . limitations of our study are , in particular , small sample size and the lack of a single measure of relevant cognitive functioning in HD patients . of focusing solely on statistical significance , a clinical relevance study is proposed to clarify the issue of rivastigmine effects in HD ."
4615,Abstract #4615,"postoperative activity was compared to standard activity for effects on wound healing , subcutaneous tissue perfusion , and oxygen ( PscO2 ) following hip replacement ( THR ) . patients were randomized to standard post-THR activity ( N = 27 ) or supplemental activity ( N = 31 ) ( arm and leg exercises , walking protocol ) . measured with a microelectrode/tonometer system and perfusion determined by oxygen response . was evaluated by ( 1 ) tissue cellularity , ( 2 ) mRNA for pro collagen , ( 3 ) hydroxyproline , and ( 4 ) DNA content obtained from a subcutaneous implant removed on the 7th postoperative day . significantly increased DNA levels , but did not increase PscO2 , perfusion , cellularity , or collagen measures . measures were not improved with increased activity levels . , activity did not reduce PscO2or wound healing . majority of patients adhered to additional activity and tolerated the protocol well . activity was associated with earlier discharge , suggesting other recovery-related benefits ."
4616,Abstract #4616,"report the first results of a randomized trial assessing a new oral aminobisphosphonate , ibandronate , in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer . ( n = 435 ) received placebo , or oral ibandronate 20 mg or 50 mg once-daily for 96 weeks . primary efficacy measure was the number of 12-week periods with new bone complications [ skeletal morbidity period rate ( SMPR ) ] . Poisson regression analysis assessed the relative risk reduction of skeletal-related events . efficacy analyses included bone pain and analgesic use . events were monitored . was significantly reduced with oral ibandronate [ placebo 1.2 , 20 mg group 0.97 ( P = 0.024 ) , 50 mg group 0.98 ( P = 0.037 ) ] . 50 mg significantly reduced the need for radiotherapy ( P = 0.005 versus placebo ) . relative risk of skeletal events was reduced by 38 % ( 20 mg dose ) and 39 % ( 50 mg dose ) versus placebo ( P = 0.009 and P = 0.005 ) . tolerability profile of ibandronate was similar to placebo . ibandronate is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for metastatic bone disease . 50 mg dose is being further evaluated in clinical trials , and this dose was recently approved in the European Union for the prevention of skeletal events in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases ."
4617,Abstract #4617,"reflux disease questionnaire ( RDQ ) is a short , patient-completed instrument . investigate the psychometric characteristics of the RDQ in patients with heartburn-predominant ( HB ) and non-heartburn predominant ( NHB ) dyspepsia . ( n = 388 ) and NHB ( n = 733 ) patients were randomized to esomeprazole 40 mg daily or twice daily for 1 week , followed by 3 weeks of esomeprazole 40 mg daily . factor loadings ( 0.78-0 .86 ) supported the ` regurgitation ' dimension of the RDQ . factor loadings in the ` heartburn ' and ` dyspepsia ' dimensions suggested symptom overlap . dimensions demonstrated high internal consistency ( Cronbach 's alpha : 0.79-0 .90 ) . correlation coefficients over 4 weeks were good ( 0.66-0 .85 ) . RDQ showed good responsiveness over 4 weeks of treatment , with high effect sizes ( > or = 0.80 ) . or large symptom improvements were reported by 90 % and 77 % of HB and NHB patients , respectively , following treatment . who responded to acid suppression also experienced symptom benefits in all RDQ dimensions . RDQ is reliable , valid and responsive to change in HB and NHB patients . symptom overlap is important but need not play a major role in determining treatment strategy as both patient groups benefited from proton pump inhibitor treatment ."
4618,Abstract #4618,"evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive levetiracetam in very young children ( aged 1 month to < 4 years ) with partial-onset seizures inadequately controlled with one or two antiepileptic drugs . multicenter , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study consisted of a 48-h inpatient baseline video-EEG ( electroencephalography ) and a 5-day inpatient treatment period ( 1-day up-titration ; 48-h evaluation video-EEG in the last 2 days ) . who experienced at least two partial-onset seizures during the 48-h baseline video-EEG were randomized to either levetiracetam [ 40 mg/kg/day ( age 1 to < 6 months ) ; 50 mg/kg/day ( age > or = 6 months to < 4 years ] or placebo . 175 patients screened , 116 patients were randomized [ 60 levetiracetam ; 56 placebo ; intent-to-treat ( ITT ) population ] , and 111 completed the study . responder rate in average daily partial-onset seizures frequency ( 48-h video-EEG monitoring ; primary efficacy variable ) was 43.1 % for levetiracetam [ modified ITT ( mITT ) = 58 ] versus 19.6 % for placebo ( mITT = 51 ; p = 0.013 ) , with odds ratio for response 3.11 [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 1.22-8 .26 ] . median percent reduction from baseline in average daily partial-onset seizure frequency was 43.6 % for levetiracetam and 7.1 % for placebo with a median difference between treatment groups of 39.2 % ( 95 % CI , 17.5-62 .2 ; p < 0.001 ) . general , levetiracetam was well tolerated . adverse events were reported by 55.0 % levetiracetam - and 44.6 % placebo-treated patients ( ITT population ) . most frequently reported adverse events were somnolence ( 13.3 % levetiracetam , 1.8 % placebo ) and irritability ( 11.7 % levetiracetam , 0 % placebo ) . levetiracetam is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for partial-onset seizures in infants and young children ."
4619,Abstract #4619,"and treatment of major depression ( MDD ) in elderly patients is frequently complicated by the presence of comorbid medical conditions , which can reduce the effect of depression treatment , leading to lower rates of depressive-symptom improvement and higher rates of relapse . authors investigated results of antidepressant concurrent with arthritis pain treatment in elderly patients . age 65 and over with recurrent MDD were stratified by arthritis status and randomized to duloxetine ( a dual reuptake-inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine ) or placebo treatment for 8 weeks ( duloxetine , N = 117 ; placebo , N = 55 ) . significantly reduced MDD symptom severity in elderly patients with and without arthritis , and produced significant reduction in several pain measures in those patients with comorbid arthritis . magnitude and time-course of depressive symptom improvement did not differ significantly between patients with and without arthritis . studies have suggested that the severity of pain in arthritis patients may be linked to depression severity ."
4620,Abstract #4620,"different ablation strategies affect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( AF ) long-term freedom from AF/atrial tachyarrhythmia is unclear . sought to compare the effect of 3 different ablation approaches on the long-term success in patients with paroxysmal AF . hundred three consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF scheduled for ablation and presenting in the electrophysiology laboratory in AF were selected for this study . were randomized to pulmonary vein antrum isolation ( PVAI ; n = 35 ) versus biatrial ablation of the complex fractionated atrial electrograms ( CFAEs ; n = 34 ) versus PVAI followed by CFAEs ( n = 34 ) . were given event recorders and followed up at 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , and 15 months postablation . was no statistical significant difference between the groups in term of sex , age , AF duration , left atrial size , and ejection fraction . 1 year follow-up , freedom from AF/atrial tachyarrhythmia was documented in 89 % of patients in the PVAI group , 91 % in the PVAI plus CFAEs group , and 23 % in the CFAEs group ( P < 0.001 ) after a single procedure and with antiarrhythmic drugs . difference in terms of success rate was seen between PVAI alone and PVAI associated with defragmentation . ablation alone had the smallest impact on AF recurrences at 1-year follow-up . results suggest that antral isolation is sufficient to treat most patients with paroxysmal AF ."
4621,Abstract #4621,"negative effects of low birthweight on the later health of children in developing countries have been well studied . , undertaking programmes to address this issue can be difficult since there is no simple correlation between increasing birthweight and improving child health . 2005 , we published results of a randomised controlled trial in Nepal , in which 1200 women received either iron and folic acid or a supplement that provided the recommended daily allowance of 15 vitamins and minerals , over the second and third trimesters of pregnancy . , we report on 2-3 years ' follow-up of children born during the trial . visited children at home and obtained data for the primary outcomes of weight and height , for childhood illnesses , and maternal blood haemoglobin . study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial , number ISRCTN88625934 . December , 2005 , and December , 2006 , we assessed 917 children ( 455 controls , 462 intervention ) at a mean age of 2.5 years . birthweight had been 77 g ( 95 % CI 24-130 ) greater in the micronutrient group than in controls . 2.5 years old , controls weighed a mean of 10.7 kg ( SD 1.38 ) , and those in the intervention group 10.9 kg ( SD 1.54 ) . of women who had taken multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy were a mean 204 g ( 95 % CI 27-381 ) heavier than controls . also had greater measurements than controls in the circumference of the head ( 2.4 mm [ 95 % CI 0.6-4 .3 ] ) , chest ( 3.2 mm [ 0.4-6 .0 ] ) , and mid-upper arm ( 2.4 mm [ 1.1-3 .7 ] ) , and in triceps skinfold thickness ( 2.0 mm [ 0.0-0 .4 ] ) . blood pressure was slightly lower in the intervention group ( 2.5 mm Hg [ 0.5-4 .6 ] ) . a poor population , the effects of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on the fetus persisted into childhood , with increases in both weight and body size . increases were small , however , since those exposed to micronutrients had an average of 2 % higher weight than controls . public-health implications of changes in weight and blood pressure need to be clarified through further follow-up ."
4622,Abstract #4622,"penile nerve block ( DPNB ) is a commonly performed regional anesthetic technique for male circumcision . , DPNB is based on an anatomical landmark technique . , an ultrasound-guided technique for DPNB has been described . aim of our study was to compare the anatomical landmark technique with this ultrasound-guided technique . hypothesis to be tested was that ultrasound guidance of DPNB would lead to less administration of opioid when compared to the anatomical landmark technique . of ASA status I/II scheduled for day case circumcision were prospectively recruited and randomized . was performed under general anesthesia using the anatomical landmark technique or ultrasound guidance . was administered intraoperatively and immediately postoperatively if patients demonstrated signs of pain . , oral codeine was given prior to discharge if required . primary outcome measure was the number of patients requiring fentanyl . outcome measures included initial pain score on emergence from general anesthesia , requirement for codeine predischarge , and time to perform block . total of 32 patients were recruited to the landmark group and 34 to the ultrasound group . was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fentanyl administration . ultrasound technique took longer to perform but was associated with a reduction in codeine requirement prior to discharge . study does not support the routine use of ultrasound for the performance of DPNB in male pediatric circumcision . , an associated reduction in codeine administration postoperatively suggests some benefit in terms of postoperative pain ."
4623,Abstract #4623,"compare the onset , duration and postoperative pain scores of supraclavicular block with bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine-midazolam combination . controlled clinical trial . Postgraduate Medical Institute , Hayatabad Medical Complex , Peshawar , from April 2005 to June 2007 . randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 50 ASA-I or II adult patients undergoing upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular brachial plexus block . were randomly allocated into two groups of 25 each . in group A were administered 30 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine and those in group B were given 30 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine with midazolam 50 microg x kg-1 . variables ( heart rate , noninvasive blood pressure , oxygen saturation ) , pain scores , rescue analgesic requirements and sedation score were recorded for 24 hours postoperatively , and compared using ANOVA with significance at p < 0.05 . onset and duration of sensory and motor block was significantly faster and longer in group B compared to group A ( p < 0.001 ) . scores were significantly lower in group B for 24 hours postoperatively ( p < 0.001 ) . for rescue analgesic were significantly less in group B. Hemodynamics and sedation scores did not differ between the groups in the studied period . ( 0.5 % ) in combination with Midazolam ( 50 microg x kg-1 ) quickened the onset as well as prolonged the duration of sensory and motor blockade of the brachial plexus for upper limb surgery . improved postoperative analgesia without producing any adverse events compared to plain bupivacaine ( 0.5 % ) in equal volume ."
4624,Abstract #4624,"hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery by administration of IV fluids and vasopressors reduces fetal and maternal morbidity . studies have concentrated on noninvasive systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) measurements to evaluate the effect of such regimens . used a suprasternal Doppler flow technique to measure maternal cardiac output ( CO ) variables in parturients receiving a phenylephrine infusion combined with the rapid administration of crystalloid or colloid solution at the time of initiation of anesthesia ( coload ) . hypothesized that a colloid coload compared with a crystalloid coload would produce a larger sustained increase in CO and therefore reduce vasopressor requirements . recruited 60 healthy term women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia for this randomized double-blind study . heart rate , baseline SBP , and CO variables including stroke volume , corrected flow time , and contractility were recorded in the left lateral tilt position . the time of spinal injection , subjects were allocated to receive a rapid 1-L coload of either 6 % w/v hydroxyethyl starch solution ( HES ) or Hartmann ( crystalloid ) solution ( HS ) . phenylephrine infusion was titrated to maintain maternal baseline SBP . was measured at 5-minute intervals for 20 minutes after initiation of spinal anesthesia . primary outcome , CO , was compared between groups , as were secondary outcomes : phenylephrine dose and maternal hemodynamic and fetal outcome data . demographics , surgical times , and fetal outcome data were similar between groups . were no significant differences between groups in any measured CO variable at any time point . was transiently higher than baseline at 5 minutes in the HS group and at 5 and 10 minutes in the HES group ( range , 0.13-1 .74 L/min ) ; the overall mean difference in CO between crystalloid and colloid over the study period was 0.06 L/min ( 95 % confidence interval : -0.46 to 0.58 ) . volume was higher than baseline in both groups throughout ; peak velocity was consistently higher than baseline only in the HES group ; and corrected flow time increased in both groups ; the effect was transient in the HS but sustained in the HES group . rate was not different at any time point within or between groups but did decrease over time . total phenylephrine dose from time of spinal anesthesia to delivery was similar between groups . found no difference in CO in women randomized to colloid or crystalloid coload . addition , there were no differences in vasopressor requirements or hemodynamic stability . conclude that there is no advantage in using colloid over crystalloid when used in combination with a phenylephrine infusion during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery ."
4625,Abstract #4625,"determine whether contact lens wear affects children 's self-perceptions . Adolescent and Child Health Initiative to Encourage Vision Empowerment Study was a randomized , single-masked trial conducted at five clinical centers in the United States . were 8 - to 11-year-old myopic children randomly assigned to wear spectacles ( n = 237 ) or soft contact lenses ( n = 247 ) for 3 years . primary endpoint was the Self-Perception Profile for Children Global Self-Worth scale . outcomes included the Physical Appearance , Athletic Competence , Scholastic Competence , Behavioral Conduct , and Social Acceptance Self-Perception Profile for Children scales . self-worth was not affected by contact lens wear [ analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) , difference = 0.06 ; 95 % CI , -0.004 to 0.117 ] . appearance ( ANOVA , difference = 0.15 ; 95 % CI , 0.07 to 0.22 ) , athletic competence ( ANOVA , difference = 0.08 ; 95 % CI , 0.01 to 0.15 ) , and social acceptance ( ANOVA , difference = 0.10 ; 95 % CI , 0.03 to 0.17 ) were all greater for contact lens wearers . contact lens wear does not affect global self-perceptions of 8 - to 11-year-old myopic children their physical appearance , athletic competence , and social acceptance self-perceptions are likely to improve with contact lens wear . care practitioners should consider the social and visual benefits of contact lens wear when choosing the most appropriate vision correction modality for children as young as 8 years of age ."
4626,Abstract #4626,"examine the expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in the synovial fluid in knee joints with osteoarthritis before and after being treated with hyaluronic acid ( HA ) , glucosamine sulfate ( GS ) and arthroscopic de bridment ( AD ) , and to explore the therapeutic mechanism . patients ( 64 knees ) with osteoarthritis ( OA ) were randomly divided into HA group AD group and GS+AD group . patients from the HA group and the GS+HA group were selected , and served as HA ' group and GS+HA ' group . expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in the synovial fluid was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) before and after 4 week and 6 month therapy . level of MMP-3 and the ratio of MMP-3 / TIMP-1 in the synovial fluid decreased after being treated for 4 weeks , and the effect on MMP-3 and MMP-3 / TIMP-1 lasted for 6 months in the HA group and the GS+HA groups . levels of TIMP-1 increased significantly after being treated for 4 weeks only in the GS+HA group . level of MMP-3 and the ratio of MMP-3 / TIMP-1 in the synovial fluid decreased , but the level of TIMP-1 increased after being treated for 4 weeks , and the effect on MMP-3 and MMP-3 / TIMP-1 lasted for 6 months . level of MMP-3 and the ratio of MMP-3 / TIMP-1 in the synovial fluid increased after being treated for 6 months compared with those for 4 weeks . level of TIMP-1 increased in the GS group more than that in the HA group after being treated for 4 weeks . level of TIMP-1 increased in the AD group more than that in the HA ' group and the GS+HA ' group after being treated for 4 weeks . 1 ) HA , GS and AD all can decrease the level of of MMP-3 and the ratio of MMP-3 / TIMP-1 in the synovial fluid in knee joints with OA . 2 ) The level of TIMP-1 in the synovial fluid has no difference before and after being treated with HA . AD group and GS group can increase the level of TIMP-1 , which indicates that the AD group or GS group might produce better therapeutic effect . 3 ) The level of TIMP-1 increased in the AD group is more than that in the HA ' group and the GS+HA ' group after being treated for 4 weeks , which indicates that the AD group might get better therapeutic effect than the other 2 groups . 4 ) One of the most important mechanisms of HA , GS and AD in treating OA might be attributed to the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in knee joints with OA ."
4627,Abstract #4627,"aim of this study was to assess the risk-benefit of enoxaparin ( Sanofi-Aventis , Paris , France ) in primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) . studies have demonstrated the superiority of enoxaparin over unfractionated heparin ( UFH ) in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) treated with fibrinolytics . the FINESSE ( Facilitated INtervention with Enhanced Reperfusion Speed to Stop Events ) trial -- a double-blind , placebo-controlled study-2 ,452 patients with STEMI were randomized to primary PCI or facilitated PCI with abciximab alone or with half-dose reteplase . this prospective FINESSE substudy , centers pre-specified use of either enoxaparin ( 0.5 mg/kg intravenous [ IV ] , 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneous [ SC ] ) or UFH ( 40 U/kg IV , 3,000 U maximum ) with PCI . logistic-regression model and a propensity multivariate model , both adjusted for baseline variables , were used to evaluate primary safety and secondary efficacy end points for enoxaparin versus UFH . was administered to 759 patients and UFH to 1,693 patients . Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction ( TIMI ) major/minor bleeding was not significantly different , but lower nonintracranial TIMI major bleeding was found with enoxaparin ( 2.6 % vs. UFH 4.4 % , logistic-regression adjusted odds ratio [ OR ] : 0.55 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 0.31 to 0.99 , p = 0.045 ) , whereas intracranial hemorrhage was similar ( 0.27 % vs. 0.24 % , adjusted OR : 1.03 ; 95 % CI : 0.11 to 9.68 , p = 0.980 ) . death , myocardial infarction , urgent revascularization , or refractory ischemia through 30 days was also associated with enoxaparin ( 5.3 % ) versus UFH ( 8.0 % , adjusted OR : 0.47 , 95 % CI : 0.31 to 0.72 , p = 0.0005 ) as was all-cause mortality through 90 days ( 3.8 % vs. 5.6 % , respectively , adjusted OR : 0.59 , 95 % CI : 0.35 to 0.99 , p = 0.046 ) . points evaluating the net clinical benefit also significantly favored enoxaparin over UFH . seems to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes compared with UFH in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI . of these findings in a randomized study is warranted . A Study of Abciximab and Reteplase When Administered Prior to Catheterization After a Myocardial Infarction [ Finesse ] ; NCT00046228 ) ."
4628,Abstract #4628,"studies have reported an association among physical activity , fitness and lipid profile in youth . purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of a school-based intervention focused on increasing the number and intensity of Physical Education ( PE ) sessions a week , on adolescents ' lipid profile . 4-month group-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 67 adolescents ( 12-14 years-old ) from South-East Spain , 2007 . school classes were randomly allocated into control group ( CG ) , experimental group-1 ( EG1 ) and experimental group-2 ( EG2 ) . CG received the usual PE in Spain ( 2 sessions/week ) , the EG1 received 4 PE sessions/week , and the EG2 received 4 PE sessions/week of high intensity . main study outcomes were fasting levels of total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDLc ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDLc ) and triglycerides . the analyses were adjusted for sex , sexual maturation , attendance and baseline value of the outcome studied . intervention did not positively affect cardio-metabolic parameters except for LDLc , that was marginally yet significantly reduced in EG2 ( -10.4 mg/dl ) , compared with the CG ( +4.1 mg/dl ) ( p = 0.04 ) ; no differences were observed however for the LDLc/HDLc ratio . significant effects were observed in EG1 . , a 4-month school-based physical activity intervention did not substantially influence lipid profile in adolescents . , the results suggest that increasing both frequency and intensity of PE sessions had a modest effect on LDLc in youth . studies involving larger sample sizes and longer interventions should focus on the separate effects of volume and intensity of PE ."
4629,Abstract #4629,"metabolic control and high associated morbidity and mortality among type 2 diabetic patients require a level of care from the pharmacist that goes beyond usual dispensing . aim of the present study was to evaluate the improvement in metabolic control , the resolution of drug-related problems ( DRPs ) and the increase in patient awareness of diabetes as outcomes of a pharmacotherapy follow-up program in type 2 diabetic patients . controlled trial conducted in 14 community pharmacies in the province of Pontevedra ( Spain ) with 112 patients between February 2003 and March 2004 . control group received the usual care , and the intervention group patients were included in a pharmacotherapy follow-up program . individualized program , which consists of the detection and resolution of DRPs and diabetes education , involves patients in their own care in order to obtain maximum benefit from the medication they use . ( 1c ) , Fasting Blood Glucose ( FBG ) , lipid profile , blood pressure , body mass index ( BMI ) , DRPs and knowledge were evaluated at the onset of the program and periodically until conclusion . was a significant difference in changes from baseline between the intervention and the control group in DRPs ( 1.7 + / -1.2 versus 3.1 + / -1.2 P < 0.0001 ) , knowledge ( 17.9 + / -3.7 versus 11.4 + / -6.7 points P < 0.0001 ) , HbA ( 1c ) ( 7.9 + / -1.7 versus 8.5 + / -1.9 % P < 0.0001 ) , FBG ( 154 + / -61.3 versus 168 + / -57.8 mg/dl P = 0.0004 ) , total cholesterol ( 202 + / -41.5 versus 217 + / -43.5 mg/dl P = 0.0054 ) and SBP ( 135 + / -16.4 versus 150 + / -19.9 mmHg P = 0.0006 ) . substantial number of patients showed an improvement in their outcomes for the chosen metabolic indicators . follow-up programs conducted by community pharmacists can play an important role in achieving therapeutic goals in patients with type 2 diabetes . study shows that the incorporation of type 2 diabetic patients in a pharmacotherapy follow-up program may contribute to achieve positive clinical outcomes and will contribute to the implementation and progress of pharmacotherapy follow-up programs in community pharmacies ."
4630,Abstract #4630,"analgesics after periodontal surgery is a common practice . , it can become a challenge for patients with systemic diseases or who are on long-term medications . tromethamine ( KT ) , a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug , is incorporated into an adhesive film to overcome the limitations associated with oral , intravenous , intramuscular , or sublingual routes of drug administration . study evaluates the analgesic effect of a KT adhesive film for pain management after periodontal surgery . solvents of two bioadhesive polymers ( hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyacrylic acid ) , together with 30 mg of KT , were used to formulate the adhesive film . patients , who each received a free gingival graft , were randomly divided into treatment and control groups . the treatment group , the prepared adhesive film was applied over the surgical site , whereas in the control group adhesive film without KT was placed initially . hours after surgery , the KT adhesive film was applied on the surgical site in the control group . visual analog scale was used to assess the degree of pain encountered at 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 24 , and 48 hours post-surgery . treatment group reported a significant reduction of pain intensity during the first 2 hours after surgery ( P < 0.05 ) . the KT adhesive film was applied in the control group , pain intensity was reduced to a non-significant level by the third hour after surgery . adverse reaction or undesirable gastrointestinal side effect was observed . film containing 30 mg of KT was effective in controlling post-surgical pain with no observable gastrointestinal effects ."
4631,Abstract #4631,"assess the health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) over 30 months among women who received colposcopy following low-grade abnormal cervical cytology . women with low-grade abnormal cytology were seen for colposcopy . these , 350 additionally underwent either immediate treatment by large loop excision of the transformation zone ( LLETZ ) or investigation by punch biopsy followed by treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia if present . HRQoL of the women was assessed on seven separate occasions over 30 months by means of the EQ-5D instrument . for women receiving colposcopy only , colposcopy with biopsy and colposcopy with LLETZ were compared . experienced modest short-term increases in HRQoL , statistically significant for the colposcopy only and biopsy groups but not for the LLETZ group . in all three groups thereafter fell until 12 months following recruitment , significantly so for the LLETZ group . in EQ-5D index score arose primarily from changes in severities in the `` pain and discomfort '' and `` anxiety and depression '' domains . in the visual analogue scale ( VAS ) representations of quality of life corresponded closely to those of the index scores and most of the VAS scores themselves did not differ from VAS population norms . inter-assessment changes in index scores were smaller than the minimum important difference for the instrument . 18 months from recruitment , HRQoL stabilised in all three groups . referred to colposcopy following a low-grade abnormal smear test result experienced a short-term improvement in their health-related quality of life , but the long-term effect was insubstantial . over the post-recruitment follow-up period did not vary by intervention ."
4632,Abstract #4632,"options for persistent diabetic macular edema remain disappointing . peeling and intravitreal triamcinolone have been successfully used in several case series ; however , there is no evidence that one of these options is superior for specific groups of patients . triamcinolone versus ILM peeling in diabetic macular edema study ( TIME-study ) is designed to investigate the efficacy of these two treatments in patients with persistent diabetic macular edema . with persistent diabetic macular edema are randomised to either the control group ( no treatment ) , ppV + ILM peeling , or triamcinolone ( 4 mg ) injection . hundred thirty-five patients are to be recruited per group and followed-up for one year . main endpoints are defined as change in visual acuity ( VA ) at 12 months compared to baseline and the change in retinal thickness after 3 months follow-up . endpoints include differences in the functional success and anatomical success and the effect of the treatment on the patient 's quality of life . institutions ( 28 surgeons ) in 3 European countries agreed to contribute to the study . design issues and implications of the study are described . TIME study is the first randomised prospective clinical trial to investigate the effectiveness of the two treatment methods . results of this study should enable physicians to improve therapy and to select cases according to the most promising treatment option ."
4633,Abstract #4633,"prospective , randomized , double-blind , multicenter , Phase III trial of incobotulinumtoxinA using new Food and Drug Administration endpoints . investigate the efficacy and safety of a single dose of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of glabellar frown lines . hundred seventy-one subjects with moderate to severe glabellar frown lines at maximum frown-as assessed by an investigator according to the facial wrinkle scale ( FWS ) - were randomized 2:1 to receive one treatment of 20U of incobotulinumtoxinA or placebo , respectively , and assessed over 120days . primary efficacy variable was a composite endpoint consisting of patients who were 2-point or more responders at maximum frown on Day 30 according to the investigator 's rating on the FWS , and 2-point or more responders at maximum frown on Day 30 according to the patient 's assessment on a 4-point scale . analyses were performed throughout the study . was statistically significantly more efficacious than placebo using a new rigorous composite endpoint ( p < .0001 ) . single dose of 20U of incobotulinumtoxinA is superior to placebo in the treatment of glabellar frown lines at Day 30 and is well-tolerated ."
4634,Abstract #4634,"antiviral efficacy of didanosine in patients experiencing virological failure is not well known . total of 168 patients ( 139 men and 29 women ) receiving stable antiretroviral therapy with plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) RNA levels of 1000-100 ,000 copies/mL were randomly assigned to have didanosine ( n = 111 ) or placebo ( n = 57 ) added to their currently failing regimen for 4 weeks . primary efficacy end point was the change in HIV-1 RNA level from baseline to week 4 . baseline , the median HIV-1 RNA level was 3.8 log ( 10 ) copies/mL , the median CD4 cell count was 378 cells/mm ( 3 ) , and the median number of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-associated mutations ( NAMs ) was 4 . week 4 , a significant decrease in the median HIV-1 RNA level was observed in the didanosine group , compared with that in the placebo group ( -0.56 vs. +0.07 log ( 10 ) copies/mL , respectively ) ( P < .0001 ) . total of 33 patients ( 31 % ) in the didanosine group , compared with 3 ( 6 % ) in the placebo group , had HIV-1 RNA levels < 400 copies/mL ( P < .001 ) . antiviral activity of didanosine was observed in patients with up to 5 NAMs at baseline . occurred in 5 patients ( 5 % ) in the didanosine group and 2 patients ( 4 % ) in the placebo group . HIV-1-infected patients experiencing failure of antiretroviral therapy , didanosine retains short-term antiviral activity ."
4635,Abstract #4635,"study was designed to establish the efficacy of the serotonin reuptake blocker fluoxetine in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) . subjects ( 22 women and 42 men ; 31 veterans and 33 nonveterans ) with PTSD entered a 5-week randomized double-blind trial comparing fluoxetine ( N = 33 ) and placebo ( N = 31 ) . Week 5 fluoxetine , but not placebo , significantly reduced overall PTSD symptomatology , as assessed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale ( CAPS ) score . were most marked in the arousal and numbing symptom subcategories . patients responded much better than VA patients . was an effective antidepressant independent of its effects on PTSD . is an effective pharmacotherapeutic agent for treating PTSD and its associated features , particularly in patients without chronic treatment histories ."
4636,Abstract #4636,"patients have many underlying traditional and nontraditional risk factors that may predispose them to a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease . effects of statins ( eg , atorvastatin ) on altering nontraditional lipoprotein measures in dialysis patients have not been extensively investigated . evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin compared with a control group in inducing changes in lipoprotein ( a ) [ Lp ( a ) ] , apolipoprotein ( Apo ) A-1 , Apo-B , and fibrinogen levels , as well as the conventional lipoprotein profile , in hemodialysis patients over 36 weeks ; secondary objectives were to assess changes in C-reactive protein , albumin , and safety measures . hemodialysis patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) levels greater than 100 mg/dL were randomized to parallel groups : atorvastatin ( n = 19 ) or no treatment ( n = 26 ) . atorvastatin dose was titrated from 10 mg to achieve an LDL-C goal of 100 mg/dL or less and therapy was continued for 36 weeks . and lipoprotein laboratory tests for efficacy outcomes were obtained at baseline , 12 weeks , and 36 weeks . atorvastatin group exhibited clinically significant reductions ( mean + / - SD ) compared with controls in total cholesterol ( -21.7 + / - 41.7 vs -3.2 + / - 40.0 mg/dL , respectively ; p = 0.017 ) and LDL-C ( -13.1 + / - 32.0 vs -1.1 + / - 38.4 mg/dL , respectively ; p = 0.058 ) levels , as well as Lp ( a ) ( -10.6 + / - 27 vs 3.5 + / - 17.8 mg/dL , respectively ; p = 0.046 ) . analyses included analysis of variance on ranked measures for multivariable modeling and paired t-test to determine changes in efficacy measures between baseline and 36 weeks within groups . was safe and effective in reducing Lp ( a ) , total cholesterol , and LDL-C levels . the prevalence of atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients , therapy aimed at reducing traditional and nontraditional risk factors may be beneficial ."
4637,Abstract #4637,"decade after drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) ( DAA ) was released on the market worldwide , its benefit-to-risk ratio remains a matter of debate . current investigator-led trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAA , in combination with low-dose steroids , in adults with persistent septic shock . was a multicenter ( 24 intensive care units ) , placebo-controlled , double-blind , 2 2 factorial design trial in which adults with persistent septic shock and no contraindication to DAA were randomly assigned to DAA alone ( 24 g/kg/h for 96 h ) , hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone alone , their respective combinations , or their respective placebos . outcome was mortality rate on Day 90 . October 25 , 2011 , the trial was suspended after the withdrawal from the market of DAA . Scientific Committee decided to continue the trial according to a two parallel group design comparing low-dose steroids with their placebos and to analyze the effects of DAA on patients included before trial suspension . the time trial was suspended , 411 patients had been recruited , 208 had received DAA , and 203 had received its placebo . was no significant interaction between DAA and low-dose steroids ( P = 0.47 ) . Day 90 , there were 99 deaths ( 47.6 % ) among the 208 patients receiving DAA and 94 deaths ( 46.3 % ) among the 203 patients receiving placebo ( P = 0.79 ) . was no evidence of a difference between DAA and its placebo for any secondary outcomes or serious adverse events . adults with established and severe septic shock , DAA showed no evidence of benefit or harm . trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT00625209 ) ."
4638,Abstract #4638,"best antisecretory treatment after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with ulcer bleeding is still in quest . compare pantoprazole and somatostatin continuous infusion after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers . total of 164 consecutive patients with a bleeding peptic ulcer , after successful endoscopic hemostasis , were randomly assigned to receive , double blindly , continuous IV infusion of pantoprazole 8 mg/h for 48 h after a bolus of 40 mg ( group P ) or somatostatin 250 microg/h for 48 h after a bolus of 250 microg ( group-S ) . pH-metry was performed in the last 30 patients in each group . was performed , in case of bleeding nonrecurrence , every 48 h until disappearance of stigmata . recurrence : group S 14 patients ( 17 % ) versus group P 4 ( 5 % ) ( P = 0.046 ) . multivariate analysis , bleeding recurrence was 4.57 ( CI 1.31-15 .91 ) times more frequent in group S ( P = 0.02 ) . was no difference in the need for surgery and mortality . suppression over pH 6 : group S 82.9 % of the time versus group P 81.5 % ( P = 0.97 ) . suppression over pH 6 for > 85 % of the time : group S 14 ( 47 % ) patients versus group P 17 ( 57 % ) ( P = 0.44 ) . of endoscopic stigmata after 48 h : group S 25/68 patients ( 37 % ) versus group P 72/78 ( 92 % ) ( P < 0.0001 ) . major side effects identified in either study group . patients with a bleeding ulcer , after successful endoscopic hemostasis , despite equipotent acid suppression , pantoprazole continuous infusion was superior to somatostatin to prevent bleeding recurrence and quick disappearance of the endoscopic stigmata . , no differences were seen in the need for surgery and mortality ."
4639,Abstract #4639,"purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor peldesine is a new agent being evaluated as a T-cell inhibitor . attempted to determine the efficacy of peldesine ( BCX-34 ) in a 1 % dermal cream formulation as a treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma ( CTCL ) . patients with patch and plaque phase CTCL , histologically confirmed by a referee dermatopathologist , were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study . dermal cream 1 % or the vehicle cream ( as a placebo control ) was applied twice daily to the entire skin surface for up to 24 weeks . of the topical therapy was assessed in terms of complete or partial ( > or = 50 % ) clearing of patches and plaques . the 89 patients able to be examined , 43 received BCX-34 and 46 received the placebo vehicle cream . patient withdrew early and was not analyzed . two groups were well balanced for potential prognostic factors . total of 28 % ( 12/43 ) of the patients treated with BCX-34 showed a response , but 24 % ( 11/46 ) of patients who received vehicle also responded ( P = .677 ) . BCX-34 dermal cream 1 % was not significantly better than the control as therapy for patch and plaque-phase CTCL , this appears to be the first published placebo-controlled trial evaluating treatment for CTCL . the vehicle cream has more than a placebo therapeutic effect is unclear . relatively high ( 24 % ) placebo response rate should be kept in mind in assessing other treatments for early-stage CTCL ."
4640,Abstract #4640,"garlic extract with supplement ( AGE-S ) significantly reduces coronary artery calcium ( CAC ) . evaluated the effects of AGE-S on change in white ( wEAT ) and brown ( bEAT ) epicardial adipose tissue , homocysteine and CAC . subjects , randomized to a daily capsule of placebo vs. AGE-S inclusive of aged garlic-extract ( 250 mg ) plus vitamin-B12 ( 100 g ) , folic-acid ( 300 g ) , vitamin-B6 ( 12.5 mg ) and L-arginine ( 100mg ) underwent CAC , wEAT and bEAT measurements at baseline and 12 months . postcuff deflation temperature-rebound index of vascular function was assessed using a reactive-hyperemia procedure . dysfunction was defined according to the tertiles of temperature-rebound at 1 year of follow-up . progression was defined as an annual-increase in CAC > 15 % . baseline to 12 months , there was a strong correlation between increase in wEAT and CAC ( r ( 2 ) = 0.54 , p = 0.0001 ) . 1 year , the risks of CAC progression and increased wEAT and homocysteine were significantly lower in AGE-S to placebo ( p < 0.05 ) . , bEAT and temperature-rebound were significantly higher in AGE-S as compared to placebo ( p < 0.05 ) . association between increase in temperature-rebound and bEAT/wEAT ratio ( r ( 2 ) = 0.80 , p = 0.001 ) was noted , which was more robust in AGE-S . beneficial effect of AGE-S was noted with increase in bEAT/wEAT ratio , temperature-rebound , and lack of progression of homocysteine and CAC . is associated with increase in bEAT/wEAT ratio , reduction of homocysteine and lack of progression of CAC . in bEAT/wEAT ratio correlated strongly with increases in vascular function measured by temperature-rebound and predicted a lack of CAC progression and plaque stabilization in response to AGE-S ."
4641,Abstract #4641,"chemoradiation therapy ( CRT ) is part of the standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancers . regression at the time of operation is desirable , but not much is known about the relationship between radiation dose and tumor regression . the present study we estimated radiation dose-response curves for various grades of tumor regression after preoperative CRT . total of 222 patients , treated with consistent chemotherapy and radiation therapy techniques , were considered for the analysis . therapy consisted of a combination of external-beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy . at the time of operation was evaluated from the histopathologic specimen and graded on a 5-point scale ( TRG1-5 ) . probability of achieving complete , major , and partial response was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression , and the effect of including clinical parameters in the model was examined . radiation dose-response relationship for a specific grade of histopathologic tumor regression was parameterized in terms of the dose required for 50 % response , D50 , i , and the normalized dose-response gradient , 50 , i. highly significant dose-response relationship was found ( P = .002 ) . complete response ( TRG1 ) , the dose-response parameters were D50 , TRG1 = 92.0 Gy ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 79.3-144 .9 Gy ) , 50 , TRG1 = 0.982 ( CI 0.533-1 .429 ) , and for major response ( TRG1-2 ) D50 , TRG1 & 2 = 72.1 Gy ( CI 65.3-94 .0 Gy ) , 50 , TRG1 & 2 = 0.770 ( CI 0.338-1 .201 ) . size and N category both had a significant effect on the dose-response relationships . study demonstrated a significant dose-response relationship for tumor regression after preoperative CRT for locally advanced rectal cancer for tumor dose levels in the range of 50.4-70 Gy , which is higher than the dose range usually considered ."
4642,Abstract #4642,"investigate the effect of an amino acid mixture given intravenously ( i.v. ) on the rate of ethanol elimination from blood compared with equicaloric glucose and Ringer 's acetate as control treatments . a randomized cross-over study , six healthy men ( mean age 23 years ) fasted overnight before receiving either Ringer 's acetate , glucose or the amino acid mixture ( Vamin 18 g N/l ) by constant rate i.v. infusion over 4.5 h. Ethanol ( 0.4 g/kg ) was given by an i.v. infusion lasting 60 min during the time each of the treatments was administered . various times post-infusion , blood samples were taken for determination of ethanol by headspace gas chromatography . glucose and heart rate were monitored at regular intervals . profiles of ethanol were plotted for each subject and the rate of ethanol disappearance from blood as well as other pharmacokinetic parameters were compared by repeated measures analysis of variance . rate of ethanol elimination from blood was increased significantly ( P < 0.001 ) after treatment with amino acids ( mean + / - SD , 0.174 + / - 0.011 g/l/h ) compared with equicaloric glucose ( 0.121 + / - 0.016 g/l/h ) or Ringer 's acetate ( 0.110 + / - 0.013 g/l/h ) . rate was also slightly higher during infusion of the amino acid mixture ( P < 0.05 ) . the rate of ethanol elimination from blood is relatively slow , such as after an overnight fast , it can be increased by approximately 60 % after treatment with i.v. amino acids . efficacy of amino acid treatment was not related to the supply of calories because glucose was no more effective than Ringer 's acetate . suggest that amino acids might increase hepatic oxygen consumption , resulting in a more effective conversion of NADH to NAD + in mitochondria . important feature of the experimental design was ensuring hepatic availability of amino acids during much of the time that ethanol was being metabolized ."
4643,Abstract #4643,"measure the time to spontaneous resolution of severe chronic otitis media with effusion ( glue ear ) in children and study the effects of adenoidectomy , adenotonsillectomy , and ventilation tubes ( grommets ) . controlled study over 12 years . otorhinolaryngology clinics and in-patient unit . children aged 2-9 years with pronounced hearing loss from glue ear and persistent bilateral middle ear effusions confirmed on three occasions over three months . were randomly allocated to adenotonsillectomy , adenoidectomy , or neither procedure . all groups a Shepard type ventilation tube was inserted in one randomly chosen ear . up was annually for five years and then less often for up to seven years four months . analysis the two operated groups were combined . clearance of fluid , change in tympanogram , and improvement in mean audiometric hearing threshold . analysis showed appreciable otoscopic and tympanometric resolution of fluid with ventilation tubes alone and adenoidectomy alone compared with no surgery . improvement was seen after combination of both treatments . audiometric hearing thresholds improved with fluid resolution . was delayed in younger children and in those whose parents smoked , irrespective of treatment . a single insertion of a Shepard tube resolved the glue for a mean ( SD ) period of 9.5 ( 5.2 ) months , the effect of adenoidectomy was sustained throughout follow up . of glue ear considerably shortened the time to fluid resolution , combined adenoidectomy and tube insertion being better than either procedure alone . was longer in younger children and those whose parent ( s ) smoked , irrespective of treatment ."
4644,Abstract #4644,"determine the levels of TNFa and IL-1beta in tracheal aspirates of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome ( MAS ) and to ascertain whether the use of steroids by systemic or nebulized routes suppresses the levels of these inflammatory markers . was a double blind , randomized , controlled , prospective , interventional study done over one year period in the neonatal unit of the Lady Hardinge Medical College . babies of MAS which were randomly distributed into three groups ; control , systemic and nebulized steroids ; were included in the study . prednisolone was given intravenously in the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg/day in two divided doses while nebulized budecort was given in a dosage of 50 mcg/dose twice daily . aspirates were taken on day 1 , 3 and 4 and were analyzed for TNFa and IL-1b by ELISA technique . in tracheal aspirates showed an increasing trend in babies of MAS in first four days , thereby signifying an inflammatory process underlying the condition . levels of TNFa were suppressed by use of steroids . levels of TNFa were associated with longer stay in hospital . did not show any significant correlation . is associated with meconium-associated inflammation . level is suppressed with the use of steroids and can also be used to assess prognosis of neonates with MAS ."
4645,Abstract #4645,"is a frequently used antidepressant and a potent inhibitor of the CYP2D6 isozyme in vitro ( inhibition constant [ Ki ] = 0.15 micromol/L ) . classic antipsychotic agents such as perphenazine are metabolized by the CYP2D6 isozyme and are often coadministered with antidepressant agents . study assessed the extent of changes in CYP2D6 isozyme activity in vivo after pretreatment with paroxetine and its consequences on perphenazine kinetics and central nervous system effects . extensive metabolizers for CYP2D6 were administered a single dose of perphenazine ( 0.11 mg/kg orally ) or placebo following a randomized double-blind design . plasma concentrations and effects were assessed for a period of 8 hours . , subjects were treated with a standard therapeutic dose of paroxetine ( 20 mg/day orally ) for 10 days and test sessions with perphenazine and placebo were repeated . treatment resulted in a twofold to 21-fold decrease in CYP2D6 activity ( p < 0.001 ) . pretreatment with paroxetine , perphenazine peak plasma concentrations increased twofold to 13-fold ( p < 0.01 ) . was associated with a significant increase in central nervous system side effects of perphenazine , including oversedation , extrapyramidal symptoms , and impairment of psychomotor performance and memory ( p < 0.05 ) . of perphenazine after pretreatment with a standard therapeutic dose of paroxetine increased the plasma concentration and central nervous system side effects of perphenazine , primarily as a result of inhibition of the CYP2D6 isozyme . patients who are at steady state with paroxetine , a reduction of perphenazine dose may be required to prevent central nervous system side effects ."
4646,Abstract #4646,"studies suggest that endogenous nitric oxide decreases lower esophageal sphincter pressure ( LESP ) . leading to the formation of nitric oxide , such as molsidomine , decreases the human LESP . is not yet clear whether this reduction is related to plasma concentrations of molsidomine , the nitrate-active substance sydnonimine ( SIN-1 ) or to serum concentrations of nitrate/nitrite ( NOx ) as a stable end-product of volatile nitric oxide . performed a double blind controlled crossover trial in 8 healthy male volunteers . concentrations of molsidomine , SIN-1 and serum concentrations of NOx as well as esophageal manometry were determined . basal LESP was significantly decreased from 25.4 + / - 2.8 mmHg to 21.9 + / - 2.7 mmHg and 21.4 + / - 2.6 mmHg 2 and 3 hours after molsidomine administration , respectively ( mean + / - SEM ; n = 8 ; p < 0.05 ) . maximum decrease of LESP from the baseline within 1-4 hours after molsidomine administration was 7.6 + / - 1.5 mmHg ( mean + / - SEM ; n = 8 ; p < 0.01 ) . decrease of the LESP correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of SIN-1 ( r = -0.53 ; p = 0.002 ) . levels remained unchanged . decreases the LESP and plasma concentrations of the active metabolite SIN-1 may predict the potency of molsidomine to lower LESP . was useless as a control metabolite to measure the LESP in response to molsidomine in healthy volunteers ."
4647,Abstract #4647,"estimate whether benzocaine spray applied to the cervix and the endocervical canal before performing office endometrial biopsy improves patient comfort during the procedure . women were randomly assigned to receive either 20 % benzocaine spray or placebo to the outside of the cervix and into the endocervical canal before an endometrial biopsy was performed . main outcome measure was pain during the endometrial biopsy , assessed by a visual analog scale . analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Student t test . were no statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group in mean age , race , parity , body mass index , menopausal status , tenaculum use , or history of chronic pelvic pain . statistically significant differences were found in median pain scores between the 2 treatment groups . benzocaine spray does not appear to offer effective pain control in patients undergoing an endometrial biopsy ."
4648,Abstract #4648,"in nursing homes ( NHs ) are often frail older persons who have impaired physical activity . incontinence ( UI ) is a common complaint for residents in NHs . functional ability and residence in NHs are documented to be risk factors for UI . investigate if an individualized training program designed to improve activity of daily living ( ADL ) and physical capacity among residents in nursing homes has any impact on UI . randomized controlled trial was a substudy of a Nordic multicenter study . had to be > 65 years , have stayed in the NH for more than 3 months and in need of assistance in at least one ADL . total of 98 residents were randomly allocated to either a training group ( n = 48 ) or a control group ( n = 50 ) after baseline registrations . training program lasted for 3 months and included accommodated physical activity and ADL training . treatment goals were elicited for each subject . control group received their usual care . main outcome measure was UI as measured by a 24-hour pad-weighing test . was no statistically significant difference between the groups on this measure at baseline ( P = 0.15 ) . were calculated from baseline to 3 months after the end of the intervention . , 68 participants were included in the analysis , 35 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group . average age was 84.3 years . 3 months ' postintervention adjusted mean difference between groups according to amount of leakage was 191 g ( P = 0.03 ) . result was statistically significant after adjusting for baseline level , age , sex , and functional status . leakage increased in residents not receiving the experimental intervention , while UI in the training group showed improvement . intervention group had significant better results compared with the control group after an individualized training program designed to improve ADL and physical capacity . studies are needed to evaluate the effect of a goal-oriented physical training program toward NH residents UI complaints ."
4649,Abstract #4649,"postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0 .25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented ."
4650,Abstract #4650,"objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of single channel laparoscopy in the treatment of patients with varicocele . patients with clinically palpable varicoceles were randomly assigned to receive laparoendoscopic single-site with a single channel varicocele ligation ( LESS [ sc ] - VL ) ( n = 45 ) or conventional transperitoneal laparoscopic varicocele ligation ( CTL-VL ) ( n = 45 ) . characteristics , perioperative details , total procedural cost , time to return to work , visual analogue scale ( VAS ) pain score , semen parameters , and cosmetic results were recorded . were no differences in operative time ( P = 0.102 ) , postoperative hospitalization time ( P = 0.130 ) , total cost ( P = 0.112 ) , or postoperative complications ( P > 0.05 ) between the two groups . to return to normal activities was shorter in the LESS ( sc ) - VL group than that in the CTL-VL group ( P = 0.018 ) . mean of all semen parameters were improved statistically 3 months after ligation ( P < 0.001 ) . VAS incision pain score was significantly lower 6 and 24 hours after surgery in patients who underwent LESS ( sc ) - VL ( P < 0.05 ) . who underwent LESS ( sc ) - VL had a better cosmetic result , reflected by both the verbal response scale and the numeric scale ( P = 0.008 and P = 0.005 , respectively ) . ( sc ) - VL is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical alternative for varicocelectomy . with CTL-VL , LESS ( sc ) - VL may decrease postoperative pain and hide the surgical incision better within the umbilicus ."
4651,Abstract #4651,"examine immunization responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) treated with rituximab and to investigate the effects of rituximab-induced CD20 + B cell depletion on immune responses to tetanus toxoid ( T cell-dependent antigen ) , pneumococcal polysaccharide ( T cell-independent antigen ) , and keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( KLH ) ( neoantigen ) and on delayed-type hypersensitivity ( DTH ) . a controlled trial , we enrolled 103 patients with active RA receiving a stable dose of methotrexate ( MTX ) . toxoid , pneumococcal polysaccharide , and KLH vaccines as well as a Candida albicans skin test were administered to 1 group of patients receiving rituximab plus MTX ( called rituximab-treated patients ) for 36 weeks and to 1 group of patients receiving MTX alone for 12 weeks . primary end point was the proportion of patients with a > or = 4-fold rise in antitetanus IgG levels . , antipneumococcal , and anti-KLH serum IgG levels were measured prior to and 4 weeks following vaccine administration . DTH response to C albicans was measured 2-3 days following placement . to tetanus toxoid vaccine ( > or = 4-fold rise ) were similar in both groups ( 39.1 % of rituximab-treated patients and 42.3 % of patients treated with MTX alone ) . ability to maintain a positive DTH response to the C albicans skin test was comparable in both groups ( 77.4 % of rituximab-treated patients and 70 % of patients treated with MTX alone ) , showing no effect of rituximab treatment . patients had decreased responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( 57 % of patients had a 2-fold rise in titer in response to > or = 1 serotype , compared with 82 % of patients treated with MTX alone ) and to KLH vaccine ( 47 % of patients had detectable anti-KLH IgG , compared with 93 % of patients treated with MTX alone ) . responses to the T cell-dependent protein antigen tetanus toxoid as well as DTH responses were preserved in rituximab-treated RA patients 24 weeks after treatment . to neoantigen ( KLH ) and T cell-independent responses to pneumococcal vaccine were decreased , but many patients were able to mount responses . data suggest that polysaccharide and primary immunizations should be administered prior to rituximab infusions to maximize responses ."
4652,Abstract #4652,"of the usefulness of a vegetable-based hemorrhoid ointment in comparison with two other ointments containing synthetic substances , one of which additionally contained corticoid . of 90 patients with first-degree hemorrhoids in the surgical department of a University Polyclinic , within the framework of a double-blind three-limb study of 21 days duration . examinations on the third , seventh , fourteenth and twenty-first day of treatment . CRITERIA : Four typical symptoms -- pruritus , bleeding , burning sensation , sore sensation -- graded by both physician and patient . three ointments proved highly effective . during the course of treatment and at the final examination carried out on the 21st day , no major differences were to be found between the three treatment groups . the case of some of the test parameters , a positive tendency in favor of the herbal ointment was observed ."
4653,Abstract #4653,"has been increasingly recognized that subthreshold depression is associated with considerable personal , social and economic costs . , there is no accepted definition or clear-cut treatment for subthreshold depression . bibliotherapy is a promising approach , but further research is necessary in order to assess its clinical efficacy and key mechanisms of change . study aimed to investigate the efficacy of bibliotherapy for subthreshold depression and test whether maladaptive cognitions mediate the effects of bibliotherapy on depressive symptoms . total of 96 young adults with subthreshold depression were randomized in one of the following treatment conditions : immediate treatment , delayed treatment , placebo and no treatment . main outcome was represented by depressive symptoms assessed before , during and immediately after the treatment , as well as at 3-month follow-up . thoughts , dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs were also assessed throughout the study , and we investigated their involvement as mediators of bibliotherapy effects on depressive symptoms . results indicated that cognitive bibliotherapy resulted in statistically and clinically significant changes both in depressive symptoms and cognitions , which were maintained at follow-up . contrast , placebo was only associated with a temporary decrease in depressive symptoms , without significant cognitive changes . changes in symptoms or cognitions were found in the delayed treatment and no treatment groups . also found that automatic thoughts significantly mediated the effect of bibliotherapy on depressive symptoms . study provided compelling evidence for the efficacy of cognitive bibliotherapy in subthreshold depression and showed that changes in automatic thoughts mediated the effect of bibliotherapy on depressive symptoms . bibliotherapy is an effective treatment of subthreshold depression . automatic thoughts is important , as they mediate the bibliotherapy effect on depressive symptoms . bibliotherapy is a potential alternative or adjunct to psychotherapy for mildly depressed adults ."
4654,Abstract #4654,"assess the renal tolerance of 1.0 mol/L gadobutrol as an electrically neutral contrast agent at magnetic resonance ( MR ) imaging in patients with impaired renal function . patients with impaired renal function were enrolled in this prospective randomized study and classified into two subgroups according to their creatinine clearance : group 1 ( n = 12 ) , less than 80 mL/min ( < 1.33 mL/sec ) and greater than 30 mL/min ( > 0.50 mL/sec ) ; group 2 ( n = 9 ) , less than 30 mL/min ( < 0.50 mL/sec ) and not requiring dialysis . ( 1.0 mol/L ) was injected intravenously at randomly assigned doses of either 0.1 or 0.3 mmol per kilogram of body weight . in vital signs , clinical chemistry , and urinalysis results , including creatinine clearance , were monitored before , at 6 hours , and then every 24 hours until 72 hours ( group 1 ) or 120 hours ( group 2 ) after intravenous injection of gadobutrol . results were checked every other day . serious adverse event occurred , and no clinically relevant changes in vital signs , hematologic results , clinical chemistry , or urinalysis results were detected in the observation period . for glomerular filtration ( creatinine , cystatin C , beta2-microglobulin , creatinine clearance ) and tubular function ( N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase , alpha1-microglobulin ) were unaffected by gadobutrol in both groups . did not affect renal function and , therefore , proved to be a safe MR contrast agent in patients with impaired renal function . in patients with marginal excretory function ( creatinine clearance , < 30 mL/min [ < 0.50 mL/sec ] ) , prehydration or treatment with diuretics or hemodialysis are not required after the administration of gadobutrol ."
4655,Abstract #4655,"of the nursing studies on PA catheter removal pointed out any differences in complications after removal and procedural activities for removal of PA catheter by CCNs vs MDs in Turkey . quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine the occurrence and type of complications and to indicate the differences between CCNs and medical doctors ' ( MDs ) activities for removal of PA catheter . , 60 critical care unit patients were scheduled as a sample , and they were assigned randomly to the CCN ( n = 30 ) or to the MD ( n = 30 ) groups . the comparison purposes of the different activities and complications of PA catheter removal procedure between the two groups , ` Instruction Form ' was followed step by step . differences in the prevalence of variables were tested using Student 's t statistics . categorical data , Fisher 's exact test was used . was declared by P value of < 0.05 . activities like patient positioning ( P < 0.001 ) and instructing the patient for breathing ( P = 0.001 ) demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two groups . PA catheters were removed properly in both groups ( P > 0.05 ) . majority of postprocedural activities were completed successfully . complications of the catheter removal were documented more carefully by nurses compared with doctors ( P < 0.01 ) . , singular premature ventricular complexes were observed on electrocardiogram in both groups ( P > 0.05 ) . CCNs to remove a PA catheter has been highlighted in keeping the number of complications associated with removal procedure of PA catheter ."
4656,Abstract #4656,"find out whether there is a `` hidden '' group of patients with posterior capsule opacification ( PCO ) 5 years after cataract surgery and to establish the incidence of PCO . of Ophthalmology , Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden . random sample ( n = 164 ) was selected among patients who had extracapsular cataract extraction ( ECCE ) with intraocular lens implantation in 1991 ( N = 1672 ) . surgically treated cases that required neodymium : YAG ( Nd : YAG ) laser capsulotomy ( n = 37 ) within the first 5 years after surgery were recorded . still alive 5 years after surgery who had not had Nd : YAG treatment were offered an eye examination to determine whether PCO requiring capsulotomy existed . of 110 patients ( 34 % ) alive 5 years after surgery had an Nd : YAG capsulotomy during the first 5 postoperative years . was possible in 51 of 73 untreated patients ( 70 % ) . significant PCO according to specified criteria was found in 7 cases ( 14 % ) . of them would benefit from treatment ; the other half had visual impairment from other eye disease . estimated incidence of PCO 5 years after ECCE was 43 % . years after surgery , there was an untreated group with clinically significant PCO , approximately 9 % of the surgically treated population . hidden group must be considered in PCO studies ."
4657,Abstract #4657,"determine the safety and efficacy of adjunctive bupropion sustained-release ( SR ) on male sexual dysfunction ( SD ) induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI ) , as SD is a common side-effect of SSRIs and the most effective treatments have yet to be determined . randomized sample consisted of 234 euthymic men who were receiving some type of SSRI . men were randomly assigned to bupropion SR ( 150 mg twice daily , 117 ) or placebo ( twice daily , 117 ) for 12 weeks . was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression-Sexual Function ( CGI-SF ; the primary outcome measure ) , the International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) , Arizona Sexual Experience Scale ( ASEX ) , and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction ( EDITS ) ( secondary outcome measures ) . were followed biweekly during study period . 12 weeks of treatment , the mean ( sd ) scores for CGI-SF were significantly lower , i.e. better , in patients on bupropion SR , at 2.4 ( 1.2 ) , than in the placebo group , at 3.9 ( 1.1 ) ( P = 0.01 ) . who received bupropion had a significant increase in the total IIEF score ( 54.4 % vs 1.2 % ; P = 0.003 ) , and in the five different domains of the IIEF . ASEX scores were significantly lower , i.e. better , among men who received bupropion than placebo , at 15.5 ( 4.3 ) vs 21.5 ( 4.7 ) ( P = 0.002 ) . EDITS scores were 67.4 ( 10.2 ) for the bupropion and 36.3 ( 11.7 ) for the placebo group ( P = 0.001 ) . ASEX score and CGI-SF score were correlated ( P = 0.003 ) . linear regression analyses the CGI-SF score was not affected significantly by the duration of SD , type of SSRI used and age . is an effective treatment for male SD induced by SSRIs . results provide empirical support for conducting a further study of bupropion ."
4658,Abstract #4658,"pollutants have been associated with exacerbation of children 's asthma , but the role of air toxics in relation to asthma is less clear . objective was to evaluate whether exposure to outdoor air toxics in early childhood increased asthma risk or severity . toxics exposure was estimated using the 2002 National Air toxics Assessment ( NATA ) and linked to longitudinal data ( n = 6950 ) from a representative sample of US children born in 2001 and followed through kindergarten-age in the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort ( ECLS-B ) . , 17.7 % of 5.5 year-olds had ever been told by a healthcare professional they had asthma , and 6.8 % had been hospitalized or visited an emergency room for an asthma attack . rates of asthma were observed among boys ( 20.1 % ) , low-income ( 24.8 % ) , and non-Hispanic black children ( 30.0 % ) ( p0 .05 ) . toxics exposure was greater for minority race/ethnicity ( p < 0.0001 ) , low income ( p < 0.0001 ) , non-rural area ( p < 0.001 ) . all analyses , greater air toxics exposure , as represented by total NATA respiratory hazard index , or when limited to respiratory hazard index from onroad mobile sources or diesel PM , was not associated with a greater prevalence of asthma or hospitalizations ( p trend > 0.05 ) . adjusted logistic regression models , children exposed to the highest respiratory hazard index were not more likely to have asthma compared to those exposed to the lowest respiratory hazard index of total , onroad sources , or diesel PM . childhood exposure to outdoor air toxics in a national sample has not previously been studied relative to children 's asthma . the constraints of the study , we found no evidence that early childhood exposure to outdoor air toxics increased risk for asthma . has been previously reported , it is evident that there are environmental justice and disparity concerns for exposure to air toxics and asthma prevalence in US children ."
4659,Abstract #4659,"report additional ocular outcomes of intensive treatment of hyperglycemia , blood pressure , and dyslipidemia in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes ( ACCORD ) study . 22 factorial , multicenter , randomized clinical trials in people with type 2 diabetes who had cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors . the glycemia trial , targets of intensive and standard treatment were : hemoglobin A1c < 6.0 % and 7.0 % to 7.9 % , respectively , and in the blood pressure trial : systolic blood pressures of < 120 and < 140 mmHg , respectively . dyslipidemia trial compared fenofibrate plus simvastatin with placebo plus simvastatin . the 3472 ACCORD Eye Study participants enrolled , 2856 had 4-year data ( 85 % of survivors ) . examinations and fundus photographs were taken at baseline and year 4 . were graded centrally for retinopathy severity and macular edema using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study ( ETDRS ) methods . or more steps of progression on the ETDRS person scale or treatment of retinopathy with photocoagulation or vitrectomy . previously reported , there were significant reductions in the primary outcome in the glycemia and dyslipidemia trials , but no significant effect in the blood pressure trial . were similar for retinopathy progression by 1 , 2 , and 4 or more steps on the person scale and for 2 steps on the eye scale . the subgroup of patients with mild retinopathy at baseline , effect estimates were large ( odds ratios , 0.30 ; P < 0.001 ) , but did not reach nominal significance for participants with no retinopathy or for those with moderate to severe retinopathy at baseline . of progression of retinopathy by intensive treatment of glycemia was observed in ACCORD participants , whose average age and diabetes duration were 62 and 10 years , respectively , and who had cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors . effect seemed stronger in patients with mild retinopathy . slowing of progression was observed in patients treated with fenofibrate , with no effect observed with intensive blood pressure treatment . is the second study to confirm the benefits of fenofibrate in reducing diabetic retinopathy progression , and fenofibrate should be considered for treatment of diabetic retinopathy ."
4660,Abstract #4660,"distress syndrome remains a significant problem among premature infants . ventilation through an endotracheal tube remains the mainstay of respiratory support but may be associated with lung injury and the development of chronic lung disease of prematurity . are needed to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in favour of less invasive forms of respiratory support and to improve rates of successful extubation.Non-invasive respiratory support has been demonstrated to be less injurious to the premature lung . practice is to use nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( n-CPAP ) following extubation to support the baby 's breathing . clinicians also use nasal biphasic positive airway pressure ( n-BiPAP ) in efforts to improve rates of successful extubation . , there is currently no evidence that this confers any advantage over conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure . propose an unblinded multi-centre randomised trial comparing n-CPAP with n-BiPAP in babies born before 30 weeks ' gestation and less than two weeks old . with congenital abnormalities and severe intra-ventricular haemorrhage will be excluded . babies admitted to neonatal centres in England will be randomised at the time of first extubation attempt . primary aim of this study is to compare the rate of extubation failure within 48 hours following the first attempt at extubation . secondary aims are to compare the effect of n-BiPAP and n-CPAP on the following outcomes : 1 . of successful extubation for 7 days post extubation 2 . requirement at 28 days of age and at 36 weeks ' corrected gestational age 3 . days on ventilator , n-CPAP/n-BiPAP 4 . of ventilator days following first extubation attempt 5 . and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the first post extubation blood gas 6 . of hospital stay 7 . of abdominal distension requiring cessation of feeds 8 . of apnoea and bradycardia 9 . age at transfer back to referral centre in days The trial will determine whether n-BiPAP is safe and superior to n-CPAP in preventing extubation failure in babies born before 30 weeks ' gestation and less than two weeks old . : ISRCTN18921778 ."
4661,Abstract #4661,"study the mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between macitentan , an endothelin receptor antagonist , and sildenafil in healthy male subjects . this open-label , randomized , three way crossover study , 12 healthy male subjects received the following oral treatments : A ) a loading dose of 30mg macitentan on day 1 followed by 10mg once daily for 3 days , B ) sildenafil 20mg three times a day for 3 days and a single 20mg dose on day 4 and C ) both treatments A and B concomitantly . concentration-time profiles of macitentan and its active metabolite ACT-132577 ( treatments A and C ) and sildenafil and its N-desmethyl metabolite ( treatments B and C ) were determined on day 4 and analyzed non-compartmentally . pharmacokinetics of macitentan were not affected by sildenafil . the presence of sildenafil Cmax and AUC of the metabolite ACT-132577 decreased with geometric mean ratios ( 90 % confidence interval ( CI ) ) of 0.82 ( 0.76 , 0.89 ) and 0.85 ( 90 % CI 0.80 , 0.91 ) , respectively . the presence of macitentan , plasma concentrations of sildenafil were higher than during treatment with sildenafil alone , resulting in increased Cmax and AUC values . respective geometric mean ratios were 1.26 ( 90 % CI 1.07 , 1.48 ) and 1.15 ( 90 % CI 0.94 , 1.41 ) . pharmacokinetics of N-desmethylsildenafil were not affected by macitentan . treatments were well tolerated . minor , not clinically relevant , pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between macitentan and sildenafil . on these results , no dose adjustment of either compound appears necessary during concomitant treatment with macitentan and sildenafil ."
4662,Abstract #4662,"( PRU ) is a selective benzofuran 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 4 ) - receptor agonist with gastrointestinal and colonic prokinetic activities . evaluated the effects of PRU on gastrointestinal and colonic transit in patients with constipation . and colonic transit were measured over 48 hours in 40 patients who fulfilled modified Rome I criteria for functional constipation . had no evidence of a rectal evacuation disorder . were randomized to receive a daily dose of 2 or 4 mg PRU or placebo in a double-blind , parallel-group design . treatment lasted 7 days . transit test was performed over the last 48 hours of the study . on gastric emptying , small bowel transit , and colonic transit were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests . 61 patients screened , 40 were eligible and randomized . patients withdrew because of adverse events . accelerated overall gastric emptying and small bowel transit . tended to accelerate overall colonic transit with significantly faster overall colonic transit and ascending colon emptying with the 4-mg dose . accelerates transit through the stomach , small bowel , and colon in patients with constipation unassociated with a rectal evacuation disorder ."
4663,Abstract #4663,"through a single umbilical incision is an emerging technique supported by case series , but prospective comparative data are lacking . , we conducted a prospective , randomized trial comparing single site umbilical laparoscopic cholecystectomy to 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy . IRB approval , patients were randomized to laparoscopic cholecystectomy via a single umbilical incision or standard 4-port access . primary outcome variable was operative time . a power of 0.8 and an alpha of 0.05 , 30 patients were calculated for each arm . with complicated disease or weight over 100 kg were excluded . management was controlled . subjectively scored degree of technical difficulty from 1 = easy to 5 = difficult . 8/2009 through 7/2011 , 60 patients were enrolled . were no differences in patient characteristics . time and degree of difficulty were greater with the single site approach . were more doses of analgesics used and greater hospital charges in the single site group that trended toward significance . site laparoscopic cholecystectomy produces longer operative times with a greater degree of difficulty as assessed by the surgeon . was a trend toward more doses of post-operative analgesics and greater hospital charges with the single site approach ."
4664,Abstract #4664,"in older people continue to be a major public health issue in industrialized countries . research into falls prevention has identified exercise as a proven fall prevention strategy . , despite over a decade of promoting physical activity , hospitalisation rates due to falls injuries in older people are still increasing . could be because efforts to increase physical activity amongst older people have been unsuccessful , or the physical activity that older people engage in is insufficient and/or inappropriate . majority of older people choose walking as their predominant form of exercise . walking has been shown to lower the risk of many chronic diseases its role in falls prevention remains unclear . paper outlines the methodology of a study whose aims are to determine : if a home-based walking intervention will reduce the falls rate among healthy but inactive community-dwelling older adults ( 65 + years ) compared to no intervention ( usual activity ) and ; whether such an intervention can improve risk factors for falls , such as balance , strength and reaction time . study uses a randomised controlled trial design.A total of 484 older people exercising less than 120 minutes per week will be recruited through the community and health care referrals throughout Sydney and neighboring regions . participants are randomised into either the self-managed walking program group or the health-education waiting list group using a block randomization scheme.Outcome measures include prospective falls and falls injuries , quality of life , and physical activity levels . subset of participants ( n = 194 ) will also receive physical performance assessments comprising of tests of dynamic balance , strength , reaction time and lower limb functional status . types of physical activity can reduce the risk of falls . walking is already the most popular physical activity amongst older people , if walking is shown to reduce falls the public health implications could be enormous . , if walking does not reduce falls in older people , or even puts older people at greater risk , then health resources targeting falls prevention need to be invested elsewhere . and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ( ANZCTR ) : ACTRN12610000380099 ."
4665,Abstract #4665,"of the surgeon-patient barrier represents a risk for transmission of infectious disease . breakdowns are frequently not recognized by the surgical team . protection afforded by double gloving under normal operating conditions was evaluated . electronic device detected breakdown of the surgeon-patient barrier in a series of 80 surgical procedures , randomly assigned to either double or single gloving . contact due to glove perforation , porosity or gown wetting was recorded during 151 individual surgeon episodes covering 238 operator-hours . procedures were called superficial for incisions of less than 10 cm . gloving reduced the number of perforation and porosity alarms twofold in both superficial and deep surgical procedures . procedures carried a sevenfold increased risk of barrier breakdown compared with superficial procedures , the risk being greatest for the principal operator . electronic detection , a large majority of barrier breakdowns would remain undetected by the surgical team and lead to prolonged contact with potentially contaminating body fluids . use of double gloving provides real protection against such contamination risks ."
4666,Abstract #4666,"externa ( OE ) is a common disorder which can cause severe pain and discomfort with discharge and hearing loss . majority of topical preparations for OE treatment contain a combination of steroids and antibiotics and are administered as ear drops . powder preparations are less common . found no studies which compared the efficacy of the two dosage forms . purpose of the study was to compare the healing process of the external ear canal when treated locally either with otic powder ( Auricularum ) , a preparation containing antibiotic , steroidal and antimycotic components , or with otic drops ( Dex-Otic ) , a commercial ear drop preparation containing antibiotic and steroidal components . study was designed as an open , randomised , comparative clinical trial . patients suffering from OE were examined by an ear specialist and randomly divided into an otic powder ( Auricularum ) treatment group and an ear drop ( Dex-Otic ) treatment group . treatment group was treated in accordance with the daily doses recommended by the manufacturers . were treated for a period of 14 days and examined on days 0 , 3 , 7 , 10 and 14 . signs and symptoms recorded were pain , erythema , swelling and discharge . total of 67 patients entered the study . probability of healing within 7 days was 74 % in the otic powder group as opposed to 40 % in the ear drops group ( log rank test , p = 0.0013 ) . probability of total pain relief after 3 days of treatment was 60 % in the otic powder group compared to 53 % in the ear drops group ( log rank test , p = 0.0001 ) . conclude that treatment with an otic powder ( Auricularum ) may promote earlier healing and pain relief than does treatment with otic drops ( Dex-Otic ) ."
4667,Abstract #4667,"investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic - ( DHA ) - rich fish oil ( FO ) supplementation on lymphocyte function before and after a marathon race . athletes participated in this study . marathon runners were supplemented with 3 g of FO daily for 60 d ( FO group ) , and 13 athletes were not supplemented ( C group ) . following measures of lymphocytes were taken before and after the marathon : cell proliferation , cytokine production ( IL-2 , IL-10 , TNF - , and IL-4 ) , and signs of cell death . the C group , the marathon had no effect on lymphocyte proliferation , DNA fragmentation , or mitochondrial membrane polarization ; however , the marathon increased phosphatidylserine externalization ( by 2.5-fold ) , induced a loss of plasma membrane integrity ( by 20 % ) , and decreased IL-2 , TNF - , and IL-10 production ( by 55 % , 95 % , and 50 % , respectively ) . supplementation did not prevent lymphocyte death induced by the marathon , as indicated by cell viability , DNA fragmentation , and phosphatidylserine externalization . , FO supplementation increased lymphocyte proliferation before and after the marathon , and before the race , FO supplementation decreased IL-2 , TNF - , and IL-10 production in concanavalin-A-stimulated lymphocytes ( by 55 % , 95 % , and 58 % , respectively ) compared with cells from the C group . production of cytokines was not altered before or after the race in the FO group . FO supplementation increased lymphocyte proliferation and prevented a decrease in cytokine production , but it did not prevent lymphocyte death induced by participation in the marathon . , DHA rich-FO supplementation has beneficial effects in preventing some of the changes in lymphocyte function induced by marathon participation ."
4668,Abstract #4668,"dysfunction ( ED ) is a common comorbidity in men with diabetes mellitus . 10 or 20 mg taken on demand is efficacious and safe for men with diabetes and ED . , continuous treatment with tadalafil has been proposed , addressing ED management as any other chronic condition . study examined whether once-daily tadalafil 2.5 and 5 mg is efficacious for men with diabetes and ED . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicentre , 12-week study enrolled 298 men with diabetes and ED to once-daily treatment with placebo , tadalafil 2.5 mg or tadalafil 5 mg . efficacy measures were International Index of Erectile Function Erectile Function ( IIEF EF ) Domain score , and patient success rates for vaginal penetration and completion of intercourse . satisfaction , endothelial function biomarkers , and safety were also assessed . receiving either dose of tadalafil had clinically and statistically significant improvements in IIEF EF and statistically significant improvements in mean success rates for vaginal penetration , completion of intercourse , and overall treatment satisfaction ( P < or = 0.005 tadalafil vs. placebo , all measures ) . dysfunction biomarkers were unchanged . most common adverse events were headache , back pain and dyspepsia . this first study of men with diabetes and ED , once-daily tadalafil 2.5 and 5 mg was efficacious and well tolerated , suggesting this may be an alternative to on-demand treatment for some men , eliminating the need to plan sex within a limited timeframe ."
4669,Abstract #4669,"purpose of this paper is to determine the repeatability of visual acuity measurement in keratoconus and to describe the impact of measurement repeatability on sample size . 10 % of a 1209 patient sample in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus ( CLEK ) Study were selected randomly for a Repeat CLEK Study Visit . were tested at the 15 CLEK Participating Clinics . test-retest sample consisted of 1 34 keratoconus patients who met the entry criteria of the CLEK Study . and low contrast Bailey-Lovie visual acuity was measured with the patient 's habitual visual correction ( entrance visual acuity monocularly and binocularly ) , and with the best correction monocularly ( either the patient 's rigid contact lens and over-refraction , or with a CLEK Study trial lens and appropriate over-refraction ) at two visits separated by a median of 90 days ( range 22 to 268 days ) . mean absolute differences between the number of letters correct at the two visits ranged from a low of 3.24 + / - 3.1 for entrance high contrast binocular acuity to a high of 5.48 + / - 5.1 for best corrected low contrast monocular acuity . correlation coefficients ranged from 0.757 to 0.853 . visual acuity score was somewhat higher at the Repeat Visit than at the Baseline Visit when the examiners were different between visits . the variable vision reported by keratoconus patients , visual acuity in this sample was very repeatable . was slightly poorer when different examiners tested visual acuity at the Baseline and Repeat Visits ."
4670,Abstract #4670,"goal was to examine whether indomethacin use , gender , neonatal , and sociodemographic factors predict patterns of receptive language development from 3 to 12 years of age in preterm children . total of 355 children born in 1989-1992 with birth weights of 600 to 1250 g were evaluated at 3 , 4.5 , 6 , 8 , and 12 years with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised . growth modeling was used to explore differences in language trajectories . 3 to 12 years , preterm children displayed catch-up gains on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised . children started with an average standardized score of 84.1 at 3 years and gained 1.2 points per year across the age period studied . analyses of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised raw scores revealed an indomethacin-gender effect on initial scores at 3 years , with preterm boys assigned randomly to receive indomethacin scoring , on average , 4.2 points higher than placebo-treated boys . , the velocity of receptive vocabulary development from 3 to 12 years did not differ for the treatment groups . with severe brain injury demonstrated slower gains in skills over time , compared with those who did not suffer severe brain injury . differences in language trajectories were predicted by maternal education and minority status . indomethacin yielded an initial benefit for preterm boys , this intervention did not alter the developmental trajectory of receptive language scores . brain injury leads to long-term sequelae in language development , whereas a socioeconomically advantaged environment supports better language development among preterm children ."
4671,Abstract #4671,"effects of fruits and vegetables in solid vs beverage forms on human appetite and food intake , acutely and chronically , are unclear . 21-week , randomized , crossover study assessed appetitive ratings following the inclusion of fruits and vegetables , in solid and beverage form , into the habitual diet of healthy lean ( n = 15 ) and overweight/obese ( n = 19 ) adults with low customary consumption . primary acute outcomes were satiation ( amount of challenge meal consumed ) , satiety ( latency of subsequent eating event ) and dietary compensation after a 400kcal fruit preload . of appetite were also obtained before and after 8 weeks of required increased fruit and vegetable consumption ( 20 % estimated energy requirement ) . , overweight/obese participants reported smaller reductions of hunger after consuming the fruit preload in beverage compared with solid form ( preload form body mass index effects , P = 0.03 ) . also consumed significantly less of a challenge meal ( in both gram and energy ) after the ingestion of the solid fruit preload ( P < 0.005 ) . , the subsequent meal latency was not significantly different between the solid and the beverage fruit preloads . daily energy intake was significantly higher when the obese participants consumed the beverage fruit preload compared with the solid ( P < 0.001 ) . energy intake was markedly , but not significantly , higher among the lean with the beverage vs solid food form . and fullness ratings remained stable when participants consumed fruits and vegetables in solid or beverage form for 8 weeks each . post-ingestive appetitive responses were weaker following consumption of fruits in beverage vs solid food forms . of beverage or solid fruit and vegetable food loads for 8 weeks did not chronically alter appetitive responses ."
4672,Abstract #4672,"clinical trials have shown that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-conenzyme A reductase inhibitors ( statins ) can significantly reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease in both primary and secondary prevention . recent study showed that aggressive lipid-lowering therapy with statins could achieve regression of coronary artery plaque evaluated with gray-scale intravascular ultrasound ( IVUS ) . , the actual changes in coronary artery plaque composition produced by statin therapy have not been well delineated . study will be a prospective , open-label , randomized multicenter study of 160 patients with stable or unstable angina who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention with Virtual Histology IVUS ( VH-IVUS ) . will be randomly assigned to either the pitavastatin or pravastatin group . treatment for 24-40 weeks , VH-IVUS will be performed again in the same segment of the coronary artery . primary endpoint will be quantitative changes in each of the 4 components measured by VH-IVUS . treatment with statin on atheroma regression evaluated by intravascular ultrasound with Virtual Histology ( TRUTH ) study will be the first multicenter study using VH-IVUS to evaluate the effects of statins on changes in coronary artery plaque composition and the findings will clarify the mechanisms of coronary artery plaque stabilization ."
4673,Abstract #4673,"disclose if oral estradiol ( E ( 2 ) ) , alone or in combination with natural progesterone ( P ) or medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ) , may modify the oxidizability of low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , and if the effect is achieved at physiological dosages . oxidizability was assessed by the resistance to oxidation by copper and by the particle size profile , since small particles have increased oxidation susceptibility . women received two consecutive , two-month length doses of 1 and 2 mg/day of oral E ( 2 ) . were then randomly assigned to a fourteen-day treatment of 2 mg/day E ( 2 ) plus either 300 mg/day P or 5 mg/day MPA . parallel group of experiments was performed on a pool of baseline plasma , where hormones were added at the desired concentration . levels , resistance of LDL to oxidation , and LDL particle diameter , were measured at baseline and after each treatment . reduced LDL levels and increased high density lipoprotein ( HDL ) and triglycerides . abolished these changes , whereas MPA only reversed the increase of HDL . protected LDL from oxidation in a dose-dependent manner , although only at pharmacological concentrations ( 1 microM or higher ) . P and MPA were inert at either physiological or pharmacological concentrations . size of the LDL particles remained unaffected except under MPA , in which it was reduced . has a protective effect against LDL oxidation , although only at pharmacological dosages . and MPA did not limit the E ( 2 ) action . size of the LDL particles remained unaltered after each E ( 2 ) dose , but MPA , and not P , was associated with a diminution ."
4674,Abstract #4674,"intake has been positively associated with incidence and mortality of chronic diseases , including diabetes , heart disease , and several different cancers , in observational studies by using self-report methods of dietary assessment ; however , these dietary assessment methods are subject to measurement error . method to circumvent such errors is the use of biomarkers of dietary intake , but currently there are no accepted biomarkers for meat intake . investigated four analytes ( creatinine , taurine , 1-methylhistidine , and 3-methylhistidine ) specifically found in meat and excreted in urine . urine samples were collected from 17 individuals on controlled diets containing varying levels of meat : vegetarian ( 0 g/d ) , low red meat ( 60 g/d ) , medium red meat ( 120 g/d ) , and high red meat ( 420 g/d ) , as part of two randomized crossover feeding studies . compared with the low red meat diet or the vegetarian diet , the urinary levels of all four analytes were significantly higher in urine samples collected after 15 days of a high red meat diet ( P < 0.0001 ) . urinary 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine were statistically significantly different for every diet type , increasing as the amount of meat in the diet increased ( P < 0.01 for 1-methylhistidine and P < 0.05 for 3-methylhistidine ) . , urinary excretion of 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine elevated with increasing meat intake in every individual . 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine may be good biomarkers of meat intake . determine the public health impact of red meat on cancer risk , biomarkers are crucial to estimate true intake ; these potential biomarkers should be further investigated in free-living populations ."
4675,Abstract #4675,"studies show that the incidence of postoperative wound complications is higher in smokers than nonsmokers . this study , we evaluated the effect of abstinence from smoking on incisional wound infection . healthy subjects ( 48 smokers and 30 never-smokers ) were included in the study and followed for 15 weeks . the first week of the study , the smokers smoked 20 cigarettes per day . , they were randomized to continuous smoking , abstinence with transdermal nicotine patch ( 25 mg per day ) , or abstinence with placebo patch . the end of the first week and 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks after randomization , incisional wounds were made lateral to the sacrum to excise punch biopsy wounds . the same time identical wounds were made in 6 never-smokers . 24 never-smokers a wound was made once . wounds were followed for 2 weeks for development of wound complications . total of 228 wounds were evaluated . smokers the wound infection rate was 12 % ( 11 of 93 wounds ) compared with 2 % ( 1 of 48 wounds ) in never-smokers ( P < 0.05 ) . infections were significantly fewer in abstinent smokers compared with continuous smokers after 4 , 8 , and 12 weeks after randomization . difference between transdermal nicotine patch and placebo was found . have a higher wound infection rate than never-smokers and 4 weeks of abstinence from smoking reduces the incidence of wound infections ."
4676,Abstract #4676,"in women have been shown to cause vasodilation which may reflect alterations in the activity of vascular angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) and/or sensitivity to angiotensin II . aim of this study was to assess the effect of ovarian hormones on vascular tone , vascular ACE activity and vasoconstriction to angiotensin II in males . volunteers were randomised in a crossover design to oestradiol , medroxy-progesterone , and placebo . to angiotensin I and angiotensin II was assessed by forearm plethysmography . baseline forearm flow was increased with oestradiol , suggesting generalized vasodilation , there were no changes in the vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin I or angiotensin II . affected neither baseline flow nor vasoconstrictor responses . results expressed as percentage reduction in flow ( mean + / - s.d. ) were : angiotensin I 48 pmol ml-1 : placebo -48 + / - 14 % ; oestradiol -42 + / - 16 % ; medroxyprogesterone -43 + / - 8 % and for angiotensin II 16 pmol ml-1 : placebo -42 + / - 10 % ; oestradiol -39 + / - 11 % ; medroxyprogesterone -46 + / - 13 % . administration of oestradiol caused vasodilation in males , the effect was not due to alterations in vascular ACE activity or to altered sensitivity to angiotensin II ."
4677,Abstract #4677,"enterocolitis ( HAEC ) is one of the most troublesome problems encountered after a pullthrough . hypothesized that prophylactic administration of probiotics after a pullthrough procedure would decrease the incidence of HAEC . prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial was conducted at 2 children 's hospitals . undergoing pullthrough were randomized to probiotic or placebo for a period of 3 months post-pullthrough . outcome was incidence of post-operative HAEC . outcomes included severity of HAEC by clinical grade , number of HAEC episodes and extent of aganglionosis . Chi Square analysis , as well as logistic regression , was used for statistical analysis . patients were recruited ( Sites : A = 40 ; B = 22 ) . was lost to follow up and one immediate post-op death was not included in final analysis . were administered to 32 patients . of placebo/probiotics was equal between sites ( P = 0.858 ) . age at pullthrough was 6.5 8.1 ( SD ) months . incidence of HAEC was 28.3 % . incidence of HAEC was not statistically different between probiotic and placebo study groups . of HAEC was not reduced with prophylactic probiotics . studies are needed to better determine the etiology and possible ways of preventing this complex condition ."
4678,Abstract #4678,"and EpiPen Jr autoinjectors are often recommended for prehospital treatment of anaphylaxis . these units become outdated , there may be a delay in replacing them . purpose was to evaluate unused , outdated EpiPen and EpiPen Jr autoinjectors , obtained from patients at risk for anaphylaxis , for epinephrine bioavailability and epinephrine content . conducted a prospective , randomized , cross-over study of epinephrine bioavailability after injection from outdated autoinjectors in rabbits ; controls included EpiPen and EpiPen Jr autoinjectors that had not expired ( `` in-date '' autoinjectors ) and intramuscular injection of 0.9 % saline solution . addition , the epinephrine content of the outdated EpiPen and EpiPen Jr autoinjectors was measured by a spectrophotometric method and an HPLC-UV method . EpiPen and 6EpiPen Jr autoinjectors were studied 1 to 90 months after the stated expiration date . were not discolored and did not contain precipitates . bioavailability from the outdated EpiPen autoinjectors was significantly reduced ( P < .05 ) compared with epinephrine bioavailability from the in-date autoinjectors . inverse correlation between the decreased epinephrine content of the outdated autoinjectors , assessed with an HPLC-UV method , and the number of months past the expiration date was 0.63 . prehospital treatment of anaphylaxis , we recommend the use of EpiPen and EpiPen Jr autoinjectors that are not outdated . , however , the only autoinjector available is an outdated one , it could be used as long as no discoloration or precipitates are apparent because the potential benefit of using it is greater than the potential risk of a suboptimal epinephrine dose or of no epinephrine treatment at all ."
4679,Abstract #4679,"between groups design was used to compare recovery following eccentric muscle damage under 2 experimental conditions . determine if a compression sleeve donned immediately after maximal eccentric exercise would enhance recovery of physical function and decrease symptoms of soreness . investigations using ice , intermittent compression , or exercise have not shown efficacy in relieving symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness ( DOMS ) . date , no study has shown the effect of continuous compression on DOMS , yet this would offer a low cost intervention for patients suffering with the symptoms of DOMS . nonimpaired non-strength-trained women participated in the study . were matched for age , anthropometric data , and one repetition maximum concentric arm curl strength and then randomly placed into a control group ( n = 10 ) or an experimental compression sleeve group ( n = 10 ) . were instructed to avoid pain-relieving modalities ( eg , analgesic medications , ice ) throughout the study . experimental group wore a compressive sleeve garment for 5 days following eccentric exercise . performed 2 sets of 50 passive arm curls with the dominant arm on an isokinetic dynamometer with a maximal eccentric muscle action superimposed every fourth passive repetition . repetition maximum elbow flexion , upper arm circumference , relaxed elbow angle , blood serum cortisol , creatine kinase , lactate dehydrogenase , and perception of soreness questionnaires were collected prior to the exercise bout and daily thereafter for 5 days . kinase was significantly elevated from the baseline value in both groups , although the experimental compression test group showed decreased magnitude of creatine kinase elevation following the eccentric exercise . sleeve use prevented loss of elbow motion , decreased perceived soreness , reduced swelling , and promoted recovery of force production . from this study underline the importance of compression in soft tissue injury management ."
4680,Abstract #4680,"evaluated the contribution of sentinel-node biopsy to outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed melanoma . with a primary cutaneous melanoma were randomly assigned to wide excision and postoperative observation of regional lymph nodes with lymphadenectomy if nodal relapse occurred , or to wide excision and sentinel-node biopsy with immediate lymphadenectomy if nodal micrometastases were detected on biopsy . 1269 patients with an intermediate-thickness primary melanoma , the mean ( + / - SE ) estimated 5-year disease-free survival rate for the population was 78.3 + / -1.6 % in the biopsy group and 73.1 + / -2.1 % in the observation group ( hazard ratio for recurrence [ corrected ] , 0.74 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.59 to 0.93 ; P = 0.009 ) . melanoma-specific survival rates were similar in the two groups ( 87.1 + / -1.3 % and 86.6 + / -1.6 % , respectively ) . the biopsy group , the presence of metastases in the sentinel node was the most important prognostic factor ; the 5-year survival rate was 72.3 + / -4.6 % among patients with tumor-positive sentinel nodes and 90.2 + / -1.3 % among those with tumor-negative sentinel nodes ( hazard ratio for death , 2.48 ; 95 % CI , 1.54 to 3.98 ; P < 0.001 ) . incidence of sentinel-node micrometastases was 16.0 % ( 122 of 764 patients ) , and the rate of nodal relapse in the observation group was 15.6 % ( 78 of 500 patients ) . corresponding mean number of tumor-involved nodes was 1.4 in the biopsy group and 3.3 in the observation group ( P < 0.001 ) , indicating disease progression during observation . patients with nodal metastases , the 5-year survival rate was higher among those who underwent immediate lymphadenectomy than among those in whom lymphadenectomy was delayed ( 72.3 + / -4.6 % vs. 52.4 + / -5.9 % ; hazard ratio for death , 0.51 ; 95 % CI , 0.32 to 0.81 ; P = 0.004 ) . staging of intermediate-thickness ( 1.2 to 3.5 mm ) primary melanomas according to the results of sentinel-node biopsy provides important prognostic information and identifies patients with nodal metastases whose survival can be prolonged by immediate lymphadenectomy . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00275496 [ ClinicalTrials.gov ] . )"
4681,Abstract #4681,"purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral desmopressin in the treatment of nocturia in women . aged 18 years or older with nocturia ( > or = 2 voids per night with a nocturia index score > 1 ) received desmopressin ( 0.1 mg , 0.2 mg , or 0.4 mg ) during a 3-week dose-titration period . a 1-week washout period , patients who responded in this period received desmopressin or placebo in a double-blind fashion for 3 weeks . double-blind phase , 144 patients were randomly assigned to groups ( desmopressin , n = 72 ; placebo , n = 72 ) . desmopressin , 33 ( 46 % ) patients had a 50 % or greater reduction in nocturnal voids against baseline levels compared with 5 ( 7 % ) patients receiving placebo ( P < .0001 ) . mean number of nocturnal voids , duration of sleep until the first nocturnal void , nocturnal diuresis , and ratios of nocturnal per 24 hours and nocturnal per daytime urine volumes changed significantly in favor of desmopressin versus placebo ( P < .0001 ) . the dose-titration phase headache ( 22 % ) , nausea ( 8 % ) , and hyponatremia ( 6 % ) were reported . deaths occurred , although neither could be directly associated with the study drug . desmopressin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for nocturia in women ."
4682,Abstract #4682,", blind , controlled experimental gingivitis and home-use study protocols are used to evaluate the efficacy of oral hygiene products . present methodological study combined the two clinical trial designs to compare the preventive and therapeutic potentials of two toothpastes . study was a parallel group , randomised , double-blind design , initially involving 73 healthy dentate subjects . 21-day experimental gingivitis protocol was combined with a 6-week ( 42 days ) home-use protocol . baseline , modified gingival index ( MGI ) , gingival index ( GI ) and gingival bleeding ( GB ) were recorded . dental prophylaxis was then performed . were allocated to either control fluoride or stannous fluoride toothpaste based on gender and GI . the first 21-day period , subjects applied the allocated toothpaste , for 1 min twice a day , to a group of teeth in a plastic shield and brushed the remaining teeth with the same paste . day 21 the shield was not placed , and subjects brushed all teeth with the toothpaste for 1 min twice per day up to day 42 . , GB and a plaque index ( PI ) were recorded on days 21 and 42 . and 67 subjects completed to days 21 and 42 , respectively . shielded teeth , PI , MGI and GB increased to day 21 and then after ceasing the use of the shield decreased to day 42 . day 21 , PI favoured the stannous fluoride toothpaste , but differences did not achieve statistical significance for any parameter at days 21 or 42 . unshielded teeth , there were no significant differences between the toothpastes for any parameter at either time point . The feasibility of combining two gingivitis clinical trial methodologies appears proven , and data on both the preventive and therapeutic chemical and mechanical efficacy of toothpastes can be obtained through such protocols . from the present study and consistent with some other reports , the plaque inhibitory properties of the stannous fluoride product are limited and do not always translate into an antiplaque/antigingivitis effect ."
4683,Abstract #4683,"testing positive for human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection experience increased levels of anxiety that have been attributed to fears of stigmatization and developing cervical cancer . objective of this study was to investigate the association between HPV infection and anxiety in women who were unaware they had been tested specifically for HPV , to determine if any anxiety experienced by HPV-positive women could be due to causes other than learning of test results . study was nested within a randomised controlled trial of management of women with abnormal cervical cytology conducted in the United Kingdom with recruitment between 1999 and 2002 . baseline , prior to having a sample taken for HPV testing , the results of which were not disclosed , women were assessed for anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and asked about fears of developing cervical cancer ( `` cancer worries '' ) ; this assessment was repeated at 12 , 18 , 24 , and 30 months of follow-up . regression and generalized estimating equations were used for the cross-sectional ( baseline ) and longitudinal analyses , respectively . the 2842 participants , there was no association between HPV status and anxiety among white women . non-white women , however , anxiety was less common among HPV-positive than HPV-negative women ( adjusted odds ratio 0.41 , 95 % confidence interval 0.22 to 0.77 ) . non-smokers , cancer worry was more common in HPV-positive than HPV-negative women ; the opposite association was observed among ex-smokers . between HPV status and anxiety may be explained by factors other than learning of test results and may vary by ethnicity and lifestyle factors ."
4684,Abstract #4684,"report a new method to block pelvic plexus and compare its efficacy with widely used periprostatic nerve block ( PPNB ) for transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy . plexuses were localized with the aid of color Doppler ultrasonography to create the pelvic block . study was a single-center , prospective randomized trial . total of 80 patients were recruited in 2 groups , with 40 patients in each . group 1 ( PPNB group ) , 2 mL of 2 % lidocaine was injected between the prostate base and seminal vesicle on each side , using ultrasonic guidance . group 2 ( pelvic plexus block group ) , 2 mL of 2 % lidocaine was injected into the region of the pelvic plexus lateral to the tip of vesicula seminalis on each side , using ultrasonic guidance . Doppler ultrasonography was used to identify injection sites . were given an 11-point visual analog scale ( VAS ) to evaluate the level of pain encountered during probe insertion , injection of local anesthetic , and biopsy procedure . both groups , probe insertion was the least painful stage . regard to local anesthetic injection , VAS pain score was significantly lower in group 2 ( 2.05 vs 3.12 , P = .0007 ) . the prostate was the most painful stage in both groups and group 2 had significantly lower biopsy VAS pain scores ( 2.7 vs 4.97 , P < .0001 ) . were no major complications . of lidocaine in the area of the pelvic plexus under Doppler ultrasonographic guidance provides superior analgesia to PPNB , with limited morbidity during transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate ."
4685,Abstract #4685,"objective of this study was to assess the effect of amlodipine-atorvastatin combination on plasma interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) and insulin sensitivity in normocholesterolemic obese hypertensive patients . a 4-week placebo wash-out period , 50 normocholesterolemic [ total cholesterol ( TC ) < 5.2 mmol/L ] , obese ( BMI > / = 30 kg/m ( 2 ) ) hypertensive patients ( DBP > 90 and < 105 mm Hg and SBP > 140 and < 180 mm Hg ) were randomly treated with amlodipine ( 10 mg ) or with amlodipine ( 10 mg ) plus atorvastatin ( 20 mg ) according to a cross-over design ; each treatment had a 12-week duration . the end of the placebo and of each treatment period , blood pressure ( BP ) , TNF-alpha , IL-6 , insulin resistance ( IR ) by homeostasis model assessment of IR index ( HOMA-IR ) and TC were evaluated . monotherapy decreased both SBP ( -17.1 mm Hg , p = 0.008 vs. placebo ) and DBP ( -14.3 mm Hg , p = 0.008 ) as well as TNF-alpha ( from 3.66 + / -1.6 to 3.09 + / -1.1 pg/ml , p = 0.045 ) and HOMA-IR ( from 4.58 + / -0.7 to 3.88 + / -0.6 , p = 0.007 ) . amlodipine-atorvastatin combination produced a decrease in SBP ( -22.5 mm Hg , p = 0.0007 vs. placebo , p = 0.039 vs. amlodipine ) , DBP ( -17.7 mm Hg , p = 0.0007 vs. placebo ; p = 0.04 vs. amlodipine ) , TNF-alpha ( 2.59 + / -0.9 pg/mL , p = 0.007 vs. placebo and p = 0.038 vs. amlodipine ) and HOMA-IR ( 2.86 + / -0.4 , p = 0.0008 vs. placebo and p = 0.007 vs. amlodipine ) . combination reduced IL-6 ( from 7.93 + / -1.9 to 5.59 + / -1.2 pg/mL , p = 0.008 vs. placebo and p = 0.007 vs. amlodipine ) and TC ( from 4.3 + / -0.5 to 3.6 + / -0.4 mmol/L , p = 0.008 vs. placebo and vs. amlodipine ) . changes significantly correlated with TNF-alpha changes ( r = 0.38 , p < 0.05 ) during combination but not during amlodipine monotherapy . normocholesterolemic , obese hypertensive patients , the amlodipine-atorvastatin combination decreased inflammatory markers and IR more than amlodipine monotherapy and produced a greater SBP and DBP reduction ."
4686,Abstract #4686,"investigate the safety and efficacy of a transdermal estradiol ( E2 ) spray in women with postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , multicenter , parallel-group clinical trial was conducted . women ( N = 454 ) with at least eight moderate-to-severe hot flushes per day applied daily , one , two , or three E2 ( 90 microliter spray contains 1.53 mg E2 ) or matching placebo sprays . primary efficacy endpoints were mean change from baseline in frequency and severity of moderate-to-severe hot flushes at weeks 4 and 12 . three E2 groups showed a significant decrease in hot flushes at weeks 4 and 12 compared with their placebo groups ( P < .010 ) . mean change in frequency at week 12 was eight fewer flushes per day for women in the E2 groups and between four and six fewer flushes for women in the placebo groups . in the three - and two-E2 spray groups demonstrated significant ( P < .050 ) reductions in severity score at weeks 4 and 12 ; women in the one-spray group showed significant reductions at week 5 . week 12 , the majority ( 74-85 % ) of women on E2 showed at least a 50 % hot flush frequency reduction as compared with 46 % in the placebo group . systemic E2 delivery rates at week 12 were approximately 0.021 mg/d , 0.029 mg/d , and 0.040 mg/d for the one - , two - , and three-spray doses , respectively . adverse events were similar to those previously reported with other transdermal products . application site reaction rate was similar to placebo ( 1.3 % compared with 1.8 % ) . three dose levels of E2 spray achieved efficacy at 0.021-0 .040 mg/d delivery rates . spray is a well-tolerated , new , convenient method of delivering low-dose E2 transdermally . , www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00122200 ."
4687,Abstract #4687,"in Italy and Sweden showed high efficacy for three-component and five-component pertussis vaccines , and poor efficacy for a whole-cell vaccine licensed in the USA and a two-component vaccine . compared the efficacy of three acellular vaccines with a UK whole-cell vaccine . enrolled 82,892 babies aged 2-3 months . were vaccinated at age 3 months , 5 months , and 12 months , or age 2 months , 4 months , and 6 months . were randomly assigned a two-component acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis ( DTP ) vaccine ( n = 20,697 ) , a three-component acellular DTP vaccine ( n = 20,728 ) , a five-component acellular DTP vaccine ( n = 20,747 ) , or a UK whole-cell DTP vaccine ( n = 20,720 ) . collected data for all reported cases of culture-confirmed pertussis during 3 years of follow-up . treatment status of the two-component-vaccine group had to be made known midway through the trial for boosting because of poor efficacy . included data for the two-component vaccine in the analysis of safety and immunogenicity , and data up its unmasking in secondary analyses of relative efficacy . were by intention to treat . follow-up from the third dose ( mean 22 months ) , in the 3 months , 5 months , 12 months schedule , there were 15 cases of culture-confirmed pertussis with at least 21 days of paroxysmal cough in the whole-cell group , relative risk 1.00 , compared with 13 in the five-component group ( 0.85 [ 95 % CI 0.41-1 .79 ] ) , and 21 in the three-component group ( 1.38 [ 0.71-2 .69 ] ) . culture-confirmed pertussis , with or without cough , there were 19 cases in the whole-cell group ( 1.00 ) . in the five-component group ( 1.40 [ 0.78-2 .52 ] ) , and 49 in the three-component group ( 2.55 [ 1.50-4 .33 ] ) . the intention-to-treat analyses , from the first dose in the 3 months , 5 months , 12 months schedule the whole-cell vaccine was significantly more protective than the three-component vaccine against typical pertussis . the second and the third doses , culture-confirmed pertussis with any cough and with at least 21 days of paroxysmal cough was significantly more frequent in the two-component group than in the three-component group , and in the three-component group than in the five-component and the whole-cell groups , respectively . serological response of the acellular vaccines in the 2 months , 4 months , 6 months schedule were similar to those previously reported . whole-cell vaccine was highly immunogenic for fimbriae , pertactin , and filamentous haemagglutinin , but had a low antipertussis toxin response . hyporesponsiveness occurred significantly more frequently in the whole-cell group ( p < 0.05 ) and was more frequent in the acellular groups than previously reported . fever and seizures occurred more frequently after whole-cell vaccine than after any of the acellular vaccines ( p < 0.001 ) . efficacy of the UK whole-cell vaccine and the five-component and three-component vaccines was similar against culture-confirmed pertussis with at least 21 days of paroxysmal cough . lower efficacy of the three-component vaccine against mild disease suggests that fimbriae have a role in protection against infection . efficacy of acellular vaccines depends on the number of components , and different whole-cell vaccines have variable efficacies ."
4688,Abstract #4688,"stress could play a role in the development of preeclampsia . is some evidence to suggest that vitamin C and E supplements can reduce the risk of the disorder . hypothesized its beneficial role in a group of pregnant women with essential hypertension . this randomized controlled trial , we enrolled 50 pregnant women with essential hypertension . assigned the women 1000 mg vitamin C and 400 IU natural vitamin E ( RRR tocopherol ; n = 25 ) , daily from the second trimester of pregnancy until delivery or no supplementation ( n = 25 ) . primary endpoint was development of superimposed preeclampsia , and main secondary endpoints were aggravation of hypertension , need for admission , need to increase antihypertensive drugs , and small size for gestational age ( < fifth customized birthweight centile ) . analyzed 50 women who completed the study . incidence of superimposed preeclampsia was similar in vitamin and control groups ( 8 % [ n = 2 ] vs 12 % [ n = 3 ] , p = 1.000 ) . C and E supplementation also did not prevent aggravation of hypertension in group of women who took it ( 12 % [ n = 3 ] vs 32 % [ n = 8 ] , p = 0.172 ) . size for gestational age babies did not differ between groups ( 4 % [ n = 2 ] vs 6 % [ n = 3 ] , p = 1.000 ) . C and E supplementation does not prevent development of superimposed preeclampsia in women with essential hypertension . results did not show any significant benefit of vitamin supplementation . was some trend in lessening of hypertensive complications of pregnancy . results failed to find any correlation between development of superimposed preeclampsia and oxidative stress ."
4689,Abstract #4689,"agitation ( EA ) is frequently observed in children undergoing general anaesthesia . study tested whether the addition of an intra-operative low-dose infusion of dexmedetomidine to fentanyl treatment reduced the incidence of emergence delirium following desflurane anesthesia in children undergoing strabismus surgery . total of 96 children ( 1-5 years old ) undergoing strabismus surgery were enrolled . was induced with propofol and maintained with desflurane . induction , fentanyl ( 1 g/kg ) was administered to all children . surgery , patients were infused with 0.2 g / ( kgh ) dexmedetomidine ( Group FD , n = 47 ) or normal saline ( Group F , n = 47 ) . objective pain score ( OPS ) , Paediatric Agitation and Emergence Delirium ( PAED ) score , and EA score were documented every 10 minutes in the post-anaesthesia care unit . were no significant differences between the two groups in demographic characteristics and haemodynamic changes . mean values of maximum EA , maximum PAED , and maximum OPS score were significantly lower in Group FD than in Group F at 0 , 10 , and 20 minutes after arrival at the post-anaesthesia care unit ( p < 0.001 ) . frequency of fentanyl rescue was lower in Group FD than in Group F ( p < 0.001 ) . incidence of severe EA was significantly lower in Group FD than in Group F ( 12.8 % vs. 74.5 % , p < 0.001 ) . low-dose infusion of dexmedetomidine in addition to fentanyl reduces EA following desflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing strabismus surgeries ."
4690,Abstract #4690,"advances in the treatment of psoriasis include both the topical vitamin D analogue calcipotriol and cyclosporine . treatments have been sought to decrease the incidence of side effects while maintaining efficacy in the treatment of severe chronic plaque psoriasis . objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of 2 mg/kg/day of cyclosporine with calcipotriol ointment ( 50 micrograms/gm ) in the treatment of severe plaque psoriasis . patients were randomly selected for this double-blind , multicenter study to receive cyclosporine ( 2 mg/kg/day ) combined with calcipotriol ointment ( 50 micrograms/gm ) or cyclosporine ( 2 mg/kg/day ) combined with placebo ointment ( vehicle of calcipotriol ) for a 6-week period . clearing or 90 % improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score occurred in 50.0 % of patients in the calcipotriol/cyclosporine group in comparison with 11.8 % of patients treated with placebo/cyclosporine ( p = 0.0019 ) . confidence interval for the difference ranged from 17.8 % to 58.7 % . difference was found between the two groups with respect to side effects . calcipotriol/cyclosporine combination was more effective than placebo/cyclosporine . studies are needed to establish the long-term efficacy and safety profile of this combination therapy ."
4691,Abstract #4691,"use of chlorhexidine as a topically applied oral antiseptic is well documented ; however , clinical studies examining the effects of chlorhexidine gel on in situ dental caries are limited . study utilized an in situ caries model and a modified crossover design to examine whether the addition of a biweekly topical , alcohol-free , 1 % chlorhexidine digluconate gel to a daily fluoridated dentifrice inhibited artificial caries in dental tissues better than the fluoridated dentifrice alone when compared to a nonfluoridated placebo dentifrice . patients were recruited based on their need for a mandibular , full crown . caries lesions were created in extracted human teeth and enamel and root tissue sections 100 mum in thickness were characterized using polarized light microscopy . sections were fixed in the crown and placed on the prepared tooth . participants were assigned a placebo toothpaste , a toothpaste with 1,100 ppm F or a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste followed by 1 ml of 1 % chlorhexidine gel at day 1 and day 14 ( chlorhexidine + ) . were instructed to brush twice daily for 4 weeks . each round , the sections in the crown were replaced with new sections . sections were recharacterized and the mean changes were compared using ANOVA at alpha = 0.05 . chlorhexidine + Fdentifrice and the F dentifrice alone significantly reduced lesion area in enamel tissue when compared to the placebo dentifrice . treatments also inhibited lesion progression and initiation in root tissue better than control in this model system . the chlorhexidine + group enhanced remineralization and inhibited lesion progression better than the F ( - ) dentifrice alone for all outcomes measured , the differences were not significant . chlorhexidine , in conjunction with a fluoride dentifrice , was no more effective than the fluoride dentifrice alone . study is needed before this 1 % alcohol-free chlorhexidine gel should be recommended as an adjunct to a fluoride dentifrice in the treatment of dental caries ."
4692,Abstract #4692,"characterize seasonal variation in the myopic progression of Chinese children . progression data are presented for a total of 85 Chinese children , aged 6 to 12 years , with baseline myopia of -0.75 D to -3.50 D sphere and astigmatism -1.50 D , who wore traditional single-vision spectacles in two clinical trials ( trial A : n = 37 , trial B : n = 48 ) . error and axial length data were obtained at 6-month intervals using cycloplegic autorefraction and partial coherence interferometry , respectively . rates for right eyes were defined for the first and second 6 months of the studies and classified in terms of `` summer , '' `` autumn , '' `` winter , '' or `` spring '' based on the mid-point of the 6-month period between visits . mean 6-month spherical equivalent progression was -0.31 0.25 D for summer , -0.40 0.27 D for autumn , -0.53 0.29 D for winter , and -0.42 0.20 D for spring ( p < 0.001 ) . axial elongation was 0.17 0.10 mm for summer , 0.24 0.09 mm for autumn , 0.24 0.09 mm for winter , and 0.15 0.08 mm for spring ( p < 0.001 ) . hoc analysis indicated that data for summer and winter were different from each other at p < 0.05 for both myopia progression and axial elongation after adjusting for age . progression in summer months was approximately 60 % of that seen in winter , and axial elongation was likewise significantly less in summer . is unclear whether more time spent outdoors in summer vs. winter is a contributing factor , or the difference in progression rates is a result of `` seasonal '' variations in the intensity or amount of close work performed . results indicate that studies of potential myopia treatment strategies should be at least 12 months in duration to take seasonal variations into account ."
4693,Abstract #4693,"aim was to determine the efficacy of two artificial eye-drop formulations by analysing the lower tear film meniscus volume through a commercial high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomographer . dry eye patients ( 12 men , eight women , aged 57.5 8.4 years ) with refractive errors from -2.50 to +0.75 D ( mean -1.34 1.02 D ) and cylinders lower than 1.00 D were examined . meniscus volume was measured before , immediately after and 10 , 30 and 60 minutes after instillation using the Copernicus high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomographer ( Optopol Tech SA , Zawiercie , Poland ) . was calculated from the local area obtained from tomograms considering a regular distribution of the tear meniscus across the eyelid . subjects were randomly assigned to first receive either polyethylene glycol ( Blink Intensive , Abbot Medical Optics Inc , CA , USA ) or hypromellose ( Artific , Farma-Lepori SA , Barcelona , Spain ) three times daily in both eyes for one month . were then repeated and after a one-week wash-out period they were switched to the other eye-drop for another month . baseline volume was 0.38 0.10 L , while mean baseline volume after the wash-out period was slightly higher , 0.39 0.10 L ( p = 0.638 ) . of variance showed significant differences in meniscus volume with time after instillation with both formulations ( p < 0.001 ) , mean volume decreasing with time . 30 and 60 minutes following instillation , values decreased to almost baseline ( average difference 0.02 0.03 L at t ( 30 ) , p = 0.016 and 0.01 0.01 L at t ( 60 ) , p = 0.098 ) . increase in tear film meniscus volume in dry eyes from the use of eye-drops has been shown . resolution imaging of lower tear film meniscus with clinical optical coherence tomography systems provides useful measures of tear volume . formulations assessed in the present study are efficient in increasing tear meniscus volume and reducing dry eye signs and symptoms , although results in terms of increase in meniscus volume were higher with the polyethylene glycol formulation ."
4694,Abstract #4694,"purpose of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of doxorubicin versus methotrexate in combination with intravenous cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil ( FAC versus CMF ) as adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer . a 4-year period , 985 women undergoing curative surgery for breast cancer ( T1-3 N0-2 M0 , stage I-IIIA , UICC ) from nine hospitals were stratified with respect to axillary node involvement ( node positive versus node negative ) and randomized to receive either FAC ( 500/50/500 / m ( 2 ) ) every 3 weeks for six cycles or CMF ( 600/60/600 / m ( 2 ) ) every 3 weeks for six cycles . relative dose intensities of FAC and CMF were 87 % and 85 % of planned doses , respectively . data indicated a non-significant trend towards better results with FAC . the prospectively formed subset of node-negative patients , disease-free survival and overall survival were statistically superior in the FAC treatment arm ( P = 0.041 and 0.034 , respectively ) , but this advantage was not seen in the subset of node-positive patients , probably because of a difference in the percentage of patients with four or more positive nodes . data for size of treatment effect and potential interactions ( number of positive nodes , tumor size , treatment center ) , the overall relative risk ( RR ) of disease recurrence and death were significantly lower with FAC treatment ( RR 1.2 , P = 0.03 , and RR 1.3 , P = 0.05 , respectively ) . result was mainly due to the difference observed in the node-negative patient population . was mild : FAC induced more alopecia , emesis , mucositis and cardiotoxicity ; this last was of clinical concern , but was infrequent and manageable . induced more conjunctivitis and weight gain . were no toxic deaths . in combination with day 1 i.v. cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil is superior to methotrexate in combination with day 1 i.v. cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil as adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer . treatment effect is particularly evident in the node-negative patients . the clinical toxicity of FAC is greater than that of CMF , the levels were manageable and clinically acceptable ."
4695,Abstract #4695,"compare angiographic graft patency in high-risk patients randomly allocated to off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) . a randomised , single-centre clinical trial including patients undergoing isolated first-time coronary bypass surgery a subgroup of patients were scheduled to 1-year coronary angiographic follow-up . had 3-vessel disease and a EuroSCORE > or = 5 . evaluated graft patency using a patency index ( percentage of patent grafts out of the total number of grafts in each patient ) . angiography was performed in 34 patients undergoing off-pump surgery and 35 patients undergoing on-pump surgery . mean number of distal anastomoses was 3.38 + / -0.65 in the off-pump group versus 3.46 + / -0.61 in the on-pump group ( NS ) . number of patients without graft failure was 22 in the off-pump group and 24 in the on-pump group ( NS ) . overall patency index was 85 % in the off-pump group versus 87 % in the on-pump group with a mean difference of -2.1 % , 95 % confidence interval -12.9 to 8.7 ( NS ) . patients with 3-vessel disease and a high-risk profile we found no statistically significant difference in graft patency between off-pump and on-pump CABG at 1-year coronary angiographic follow-up ."
4696,Abstract #4696,"chronically infected with hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) genotype 2 or 3 for whom treatment with peginterferon is not an option , or who have not had a response to prior interferon treatment , currently have no approved treatment options . phase 2 trials , regimens including the oral nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir have shown efficacy in patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection . conducted two randomized , phase 3 studies involving patients with chronic HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection . one trial , patients for whom treatment with peginterferon was not an option received oral sofosbuvir and ribavirin ( 207 patients ) or matching placebo ( 71 ) for 12 weeks . a second trial , patients who had not had a response to prior interferon therapy received sofosbuvir and ribavirin for 12 weeks ( 103 patients ) or 16 weeks ( 98 ) . primary end point was a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after therapy . patients for whom treatment with peginterferon was not an option , the rate of a sustained virologic response was 78 % ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 72 to 83 ) with sofosbuvir and ribavirin , as compared with 0 % with placebo ( P < 0.001 ) . previously treated patients , the rate of response was 50 % with 12 weeks of treatment , as compared with 73 % with 16 weeks of treatment ( difference , -23 percentage points ; 95 % CI , -35 to -11 ; P < 0.001 ) . both studies , response rates were lower among patients with genotype 3 infection than among those with genotype 2 infection and , among patients with genotype 3 infection , lower among those with cirrhosis than among those without cirrhosis . most common adverse events were headache , fatigue , nausea , and insomnia ; the overall rate of discontinuation of sofosbuvir was low ( 1 to 2 % ) . patients with HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection for whom treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin was not an option , 12 or 16 weeks of treatment with sofosbuvir and ribavirin was effective . was increased among patients with HCV genotype 2 infection and those without cirrhosis . previously treated patients with genotype 3 infection , 16 weeks of therapy was significantly more effective than 12 weeks . Funded by Gilead Sciences ; POSITRON and FUSION ClinicalTrials.gov numbers , NCT01542788 and NCT01604850 , respectively . )"
4697,Abstract #4697,"evaluate the side effects , tolerability , and efficacy of transurethral microwave thermotherapy with urethral cooling ( cooled TUMT ) for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in a prospective feasibility trial . TUMT , using the Targis system from Urologix , is an established treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) with minimal side effects . with intractable chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and symptoms for more than 3 of the 6 months before treatment ( National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index [ NIH-CPSI ] pain score of at least 8 ) were randomized to cooled TUMT at an intraprostatic temperature of either approximately 55 degrees C or approximately 70 degrees C. Tolerability , side effects , and efficacy were measured with standard diagnostic tests , including the NIH-CPSI . analysis was performed to evaluate the effects with and without BPH comorbidity . total of 42 patients were included in the study ; 39 patients successfully completed treatment and 35 completed follow-up through 12 months . baseline versus 12-month mean NIH-CPSI score was total score 23.4 + / - 6.4 versus 11.5 + / - 10.2 ( improvement in mean value of 51 % ) , pain score 11.5 + / - 2.8 versus 4.6 + / - 4.9 ( improvement in mean value of 60 % ) , quality-of-life impact score 7.2 + / - 2.9 versus 3.8 + / - 3.8 ( improvement in mean value of 47 % ; all P < 0.0001 ) , and urinary score 4.7 + / - 2.8 versus 3.1 + / - 3.0 ( improvement in mean value of 34 % ; P = 0.0079 ) . discomfort was within the ranges reported for patients with Targis-treated BPH . patients had reduced sperm motility . effects were minimal and transient , resolved spontaneously or with medication , and were similar regardless of treatment temperature or BPH comorbidity . TUMT appears to be promising for intractable chronic prostatitis with or without BPH . follow-up and a larger trial are required to evaluate the fertility impact and longer term durability further ."
4698,Abstract #4698,"irritation is a major drawback of desflurane anesthesia . study was designed to evaluate the effect of intravenous fentanyl given before thiopental induction on airway irritation caused by a stepwise increase in desflurane in children . children ( 2-8 years ) were enrolled in a randomized , double-blind study . received saline and 40 received 2 microg/kg of fentanyl intravenously ; this was followed by thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg in both groups . were assistant-ventilated with desflurane 1 % , which was then increased by 1 % every six breaths up to 10 % . this period , cough , secretion , excitation and apnea were graded and the desflurane concentration at which airway irritation symptoms first occurred was recorded . results were analyzed using Pearson 's chi-squared test . incidence of typical airway irritation events was lower with fentanyl than with saline ( cough , 2.5 % vs. 42.5 % ; secretion , 27.5 % vs. 82.5 % ; excitation , 10 % vs. 82.5 % ; apnea , 20 % vs. 65 % ; P < 0.05 ) . mean expired desflurane concentration at which the first airway irritation symptom occurred was greater with fentanyl than with saline ( 7.3 % vs. 5.5 % , P < 0.05 ) . fentanyl in children reduces airway complications caused by desflurane ."
4699,Abstract #4699,"observe therapeutic effect of acupoint application on dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome and its effect on prostaglandins . patients with primary dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome were randomly divided into an application group and a medication group . application group of 31 cases were treated with application of Chinese medicine composed of Zhinanxing ( Rhizoma Arisaematis ) , Sanleng ( Rhizoma Sparganii ) , Ezhu ( Rhizoma Zedoariae ) , etc. at Zhongji ( CV 3 ) , Guanyuan ( CV 4 ) , Qihai ( CV 6 ) ; and the medication group of 30 cases were treated with oral administration of Tianqi Tongjing Capsules . scores for the pain degrees and the duration of dysmenorrhea were observed and prostaglandin F2alpha ( PGF2alpha ) and prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) contents in peripheral blood were determined before and after treatment . total effective rate of 93.5 % in the application group was significantly better than 73.3 % in the medication group ( P < 0.05 ) ; after treatment , the scores of the symptoms were significantly decreased in the two groups ( both P < 0.01 ) , with more obvious improvement in the application group than the medication group ( P < 0.01 ) . PGE2 content was significantly increased , and the PGF2alpha content and PGF2alpha/PGE2 were significantly decreased in the application group ( all P < 0.01 ) . application has a better therapeutic effect on dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome and has benign regulative action on synthesis of prostaglandins in the patients with primary dysmenorrhea ."
4700,Abstract #4700,"increases the risk of proteinuria and chronic renal insufficiency and hastens the progression of renal diseases . activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and elevated levels of aldosterone are common in obese patients . studies have compared the efficacy of the currently available antiproteinuric strategies ( ACE inhibitors - ACEI - , angiotensin receptor blockers - ARB - , aldosterone antagonists ) in obese patients with proteinuric renal diseases . centre , prospective , randomized study . obese patients ( body mass index > 30 Kg/m2 ) with proteinuria > 0.5 g/24 h were selected from our outpatient renal clinic . were consecutively treated during 6 weeks with an ACEI ( lisinopril 20 mg/day ) , combined therapy ACEI+ARB ( lisinopril 10 mg/day + candesartan 16 mg/day ) and eplerenone ( 25 mg/day ) in random order . drug washout period of 6 weeks was established between the different treatment periods . primary outcome point was the change in 24-h proteinuria at the end of each treatment period and the number of patients showing a proteinuria reduction greater than 25 % of baseline . reduction in proteinuria induced by lisinopril ( 11.3 + / -34.8 % ) was not statistically significant with respect to baseline , whereas that of lisinopril plus candesartan ( 26.9 + / -30.6 % ) and eplerenone ( 28.4 + / -31.6 % ) showed a statistically significant difference both with respect to baseline values and to lisinopril group . number of patients who showed a greater than 25 % proteinuria reduction was significantly higher with eplerenone ( 67 % ) and lisinopril + candesartan ( 67 % ) than with lisinopril ( 25 % ) . with an aldosterone antagonist and combination therapy with ACEI+ARB were more effective than ACEI monotherapy to reduce proteinuria in obese patients with proteinuric renal diseases ."
4701,Abstract #4701,"antithrombotic , antiplatelet and endothelial activity of terutroban , a specific thromboxane prostaglandin receptor antagonist , was assessed in patients previously treated with aspirin for the prevention of ischemic stroke . double-blind , parallel-group , 10-day study included 48 patients ( age = 70.5 + / - 9.5 years ) with cerebral ischemic event and/or carotid stenosis in 4 groups : terutroban 10 mg/day ( n = 13 ) , aspirin 300 mg/day ( n = 12 ) , terutroban 10 mg/day + aspirin 300 mg/day ( n = 11 ) or clopidogrel 75 mg/day + aspirin 300 mg/day ( n = 12 ) . measurements included parameters from an ex vivo model of thrombosis , platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma and plasma biomarkers of endothelial/platelet activation . days 0 and 10 , the mean cross-sectional surface of dense thrombus significantly decreased with terutroban ( 58 % , p = 0.001 ) , terutroban + aspirin ( 63 % , p = 0.005 ) and clopidogrel + aspirin ( 61 % , p < 0.05 ) . day 10 , the value for terutroban was significantly lower than that for aspirin ( p < 0.01 ) and was comparable to the dual therapy terutroban + aspirin or clopidogrel + aspirin . results were found for total thrombus surface and platelet adhesion . aggregation induced by the specific thromboxane prostaglandin receptor agonist U46619 was almost completely inhibited on day 10 in both terutroban groups but not in the others . regards markers of endothelial/platelet activation or lesions , thrombomodulin significantly increased and plasma soluble P selectin significantly decreased by day 10 in both terutroban groups , whereas the von Willebrand factor did not change significantly . was found to be safe and well TOLERATED . has demonstrated an antithrombotic activity that is superior to aspirin and similar to clopidogrel + aspirin ; it induces a significant in vivo reduction in endothelial/platelet activation ."
4702,Abstract #4702,"comparison of the effectiveness of different gonadotrophin preparations in intrauterine insemination ( IUI ) cycles for patients with unexplained infertility was performed . hundred and forty-one patients were prospectively randomized using computer-generated random numbers into three groups : 81 in the Follitropin alpha ( Group I ) , 80 in the urinary FSH ( uFSH ) ( Group II ) and 80 in the hMG ( Group III ) . primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate with duration of stimulation , total gonadotrophin dose , number of dominant follicles , clinical pregnancy rate , multiple pregnancy , miscarriage rate and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( OHSS ) rate being secondary outcomes . pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the rFSH group ( 25.9 % in Follitropin alpha , 13.8 % in uFSH and 12.5 % in HMG groups ; P = 0.04 ) . was no significant difference in terms of duration of stimulation , but mean FSH dose consumed per cycle was significantly lower in the recombinant FSH ( rFSH ) group compared with others ( 825 IU in Follitropin alpha , 1107 IU in uFSH and 1197 IU in HMG groups ; P = 0.001 ) . number of follicles > or = 16 mm diameter was significantly higher in the rFSH group compared with the uFSH and HMG groups ( 2.6 in Follitropin alpha , 1.3 in uFSH and 1.4 in HMG groups ; P = 0.001 ) . may result in a better outcome in IUI cycles for unexplained infertility ."
4703,Abstract #4703,"assess LDL-apheresis efficacy to lower Lp ( a ) and to compare the effects of Usual Medical Care ( UMC ) a 12-months study was carried out . incidence of new coronary artery disease ( CAD ) events/need of revascularization , was also monitored . patients with hyperLp ( a ) lipidemia and angiographically documented CAD were randomly assigned to LDL-apheresis every week , or the UMC . group , averaged an Lp ( a ) reduction of 57.8 + / -9.5 % vs. basal values ( P < 0.001 ) . the UMC group Lp ( a ) increased in 1 year to 14.7 + / -36.5 % ( P = 0.66 ) . multivariate regression analysis for predictors of Lp ( a ) including : type of treatment , smoking , hypertension , age , age at first cardiovascular event , initial Lp ( a ) , LDL , and BMI values , was performed . the type of treatment was co-related ( P < 0.001 ) : Lp ( a ) variation ( beta ) = 0.863 . model has R2 adjusted relative risk of 0.725 . could be the first line treatment of isolated hyperLp ( a ) lipidemia when CAD is established . CAD events/cardiac interventions were not observed ."
4704,Abstract #4704,"is debated whether iso-osmolar and low-osmolar contrast media are associated with different incidences of contrast medium-induced nephropathy ( CIN ) in patients with renal insufficiency . compare the incidence of CIN in children undergoing contrast-enhanced multidetector computer tomography ( MDCT ) with intravenous injection of low-osmolar ( iobitridol , Xenetix 300 ) or an iso-osmolar ( iodixanol , Visipaque 270 ) iodinated contrast medium . hundred forty-six children with normal renal function were included in this multicenter trial and underwent contrast-enhanced MDCT . primary endpoint was the relative change in creatinine clearance from 48 h pre - to 72 h postcontrast medium administration using a noninferiority analysis in the intent-to-treat ( ITT , n = 128 ) and per protocol ( n = 68 ) populations . endpoints were incidence of CIN , global image quality , diagnostic efficacy and clinical safety . the ITT population , the noninferiority of iobitridol over iodixanol was demonstrated . incidence was 4.8 % ( three cases ) with iobitridol and 10.6 % ( seven cases ) with iodixanol ( not significant ) . statistically significant differences were observed for the secondary endpoints . satisfactory safety profiles were confirmed for both contrast media , with no significant difference in the incidence of CIN in children with normal renal function ."
4705,Abstract #4705,"compare the bond strength to human primary dentin of a self-adhesive light-curing resin composite , a self-etch adhesive and a glass-ionomer cement by means of microshear bond strength ( pSBS ) test and scanning electron microscopic ( SEM ) observations . human primary molars were sectioned to obtain a 2 mm-thick slab of mid-coronal dentin , randomly divided into three groups ( n = 25 ) . conical frustum-shaped buildups were constructed on the occlusal surface of each dentin slab using a self-adhesive light-curing resin composite ( Vertise Flow ; Group 1 ) , bonding agent ( Optibond All-in-One ; Group 2 ) combined with resin composite ( Premise Flow ) and a glass-ionomer cement ( Ketac-Fil ; Group 3 ) . thermocycling , specimens were subjected to microSBS test . debonded specimens were observed at SEM . were analyzed by a mixed model and chi-square test . bond strength measured in Group 1 ( 9.0 + / - 4.5 MPa ) was significantly lower than that one recorded in Group 2 ( 20.2 + / -12.5 MPa ) although it was significantly higher than the one recorded in Group 3 ( 4.8 + / - 2.3 MPa ) . were mainly adhesive in all groups ."
4706,Abstract #4706,"aim of this multicenter prospective and randomized study was to determine the effect of adding corticosteroids to intravenous gamma globulin ( i.v.GG ) therapy on serum cytokine levels , as well as to see its effect on the clinical course in children in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease ( KD ) . with KD ( n = 32 ) were randomized to receive either i.v.GG alone ( G group ) or i.v.GG plus corticosteroids ( G+S group ) . clinical course and cytokine responses between groups were compared . pretreatment serum levels of interleukin ( IL ) -2 , IL-6 , IL-8 , and IL-10 were significantly higher in patients with KD than in healthy controls . i.v.GG alone failed to reduce cytokine concentrations within 24 hours of i.v.GG administration , corticosteroids plus i.v.GG reduced IL-2 , IL-6 , IL-8 , and IL-10 levels . levels of IL-2 , IL-6 , IL-8 , and IL-10 within 24 hours after initiating i.v.GG therapy were significantly lower in the G+S group than in the G group . duration of fever was shorter , and the C-reactive protein concentration decreased more quickly in the G+S group than in the G group . findings suggest that corticosteroids rapidly ameliorate symptoms by reducing cytokine levels in children with KD ."
4707,Abstract #4707,"determine the efficacy of a neonatal parenting intervention for improving development in very preterm infants . cluster-randomized , controlled trial with a cross-over design and washout period was conducted in 6 neonatal centers . hundred thirty-three babies < 32 weeks ' gestation were recruited ( intervention = 112 ; control = 121 ) . families received weekly Parent Baby Interaction Programme ( PBIP ) sessions during neonatal intensive care unit admission and up to 6 weeks after discharge . families received standard care . 195 infants remaining in the study at 24 months ' corrected age were assessed by psychologists blinded to group allocation . was no significant difference in Mental Development Index ( -0.9 points ; 95 % CI , -5.0 , 3.2 ) or Psychomotor Development Index ( 2.5 ; -3.3 , 8.4 ) scores between the intervention and control groups and no significant effect of intervention on Mental Development Index or Psychomotor Development Index scores for subgroups dichotomized by gestational age ( < 28 weeks / > or = 28 weeks ) , parity ( 1st/other child ) or mother 's cohabiting status ( supported/unsupported ) . was no effect of PBIP on infant development at 2 years ' corrected age . interventions may be better delivered after discharge or targeted for preterm infants with high biological and social risk ."
4708,Abstract #4708,"trials of antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of venous thromboembolism have individually been inconclusive , but a meta-analysis of their results indicated reductions in the risks of deep-vein thrombosis and of pulmonary embolism in various high-risk groups . aim of this large randomised placebo-controlled trial was to confirm or refute these apparent benefits . 1992-1998 , 148 hospitals in Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Sweden and the UK randomised 13,356 patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture , and 22 hospitals in New Zealand randomised a further 4088 patients undergoing elective arthroplasty . treatment was 160 mg daily aspirin or placebo , started preoperatively and continued for 35 days . received any other thromboprophylaxis thought necessary . was of mortality and of in-hospital morbidity up to day 35 . the patients with hip fracture , allocation to aspirin produced proportional reductions in pulmonary embolism of 43 % ( 95 % CI 18-60 ; p = 0.002 ) and in symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis of 29 % ( 3-48 ; p = 0.03 ) . embolism or deep-vein thrombosis was confirmed in 105 ( 1.6 % ) of 6679 patients assigned aspirin compared with 165 ( 2.5 % ) of 6677 assigned placebo , which represents an absolute reduction of 9 ( SE 2 ) per 1000 and a proportional reduction of 36 % ( 19-50 ; p = 0.0003 ) . proportional effects were seen in all major subgroups , including patients receiving subcutaneous heparin . prevented 4 ( 1 ) fatal pulmonary emboli per 1000 patients ( 18 aspirin-group vs 43 placebo-group deaths ) , representing a proportional reduction of 58 % ( 27-76 ; p = 0.002 ) , with no apparent effect on deaths from any other vascular cause ( hazard ratio 1.04 [ 95 % CI 0.86-1 .26 ] ) or non-vascular cause ( 1.01 [ 0.84-1 .23 ] ) . due to bleeding were few ( 13 aspirin vs 15 placebo ) , but there was an excess of 6 ( 3 ) postoperative transfused bleeding episodes per 1000 patients assigned aspirin ( p = 0.04 ) . elective-arthroplasty patients , rates of venous thromboembolism were lower , but the proportional effects of aspirin were compatible with those among patients with hip fracture . results , along with those of the previous meta-analysis , show that aspirin reduces the risk of pulmonary embolism and deep-vein thrombosis by at least a third throughout a period of increased risk . , there is now good evidence for considering aspirin routinely in a wide range of surgical and medical groups at high risk of venous thromboembolism ."
4709,Abstract #4709,"compare the surgical and immediate postoperative outcomes for vaginal hysterectomy ( VH ) with those for laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy ( LAVH ) in patients with enlarged myomatous uterus . women requiring hysterectomy for an enlarged myomatous uterus were randomly allocated into 2 treatment arms : VH ( n = 40 ) and LAVH ( n = 40 ) . randomization procedure was based on a computer-generated list . primary outcome was a comparison of the discharge times between the 2 procedures . outcome variables were analyzed using the Student t test . variables were analyzed with the chi-square test or Fisher 's exact test . < 0.05 was considered statistically significant . mean discharge time was longer for LAVH than for VH ( 72 + / -4.2 vs 48 + / -2.6 h ; P = 0.00 ) . resulted in shorter times for paralytic ileus ( 19 + / -3 vs 26 + / -3 h ; P = 0.00 ) and surgery ( 71 + / -3 vs 129 + / -7 min ; P = 0.00 ) . intraoperative blood loss was less with VH ( 186.0 + / -52 vs 362.7 + / -65 mL ; P = 0.00 ) . intraoperative complications occurred , and no patient was returned to the operative theater in either group . surgical and immediate postoperative outcomes were significantly better in the VH group than in the LAVH group . , further controlled prospective studies are required for identifying the best approach for hysterectomy in patients with enlarged uterus ."
4710,Abstract #4710,"is a renally excreted agent that is an effective treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) , a disease predominantly of the elderly . sought to determine whether age , renal function or pretreatment hematologic status predicted toxicity of fludarabine treatment for CLL . evaluated 192 patients with previously untreated B-cell CLL who were entered onto the fludarabine treatment arm ( 25 mg/m ( 2 ) daily for 5 days every 28 days ) of CALGB study 9011 , an intergroup study with participation from SWOG , CTG/NCI-C and ECOG . were required to have serum creatinine within 1.5 times normal . indices and infections were recorded during the first 28-day cycle of treatment . time-to-toxicity endpoint was evaluated over the entire course of fludarabine treatment . clearance ( CrCl ( est ) ) was estimated using serum creatinine , age and body mass index . median age was 64 years ( range 37-87 years ) and median CrCl ( est ) was 62 ml/min ( range 27-162 ml/min , interquartile range 52-79 ml/min ) . found no association between age and incidence of hematologic toxicity or infection during the first cycle of treatment . was a strong association between CrCl ( est ) and the time-to-toxicity endpoint . with CrCl ( est ) below 80 ml/min had increased incidence of toxicity during their treatment course ( P < 0.0001 ) . anemia , thrombocytopenia and Rai stage were highly associated with the incidence of neutrophil toxicity and grade III/IV hematologic toxicities during the first cycle of treatment ( P < 0.0001 ) . age was not an independent risk factor for fludarabine-related toxicity , but CrCl ( est ) was associated with time to toxicity ."
4711,Abstract #4711,fats are more susceptible to oxidation during heating than monounsaturated fats but their effects on endothelial function when heated are unknown . aim of this study was to compare the effect of meals rich in heat-modified safflower and olive oils on postprandial flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation ( EDD ) in healthy men . EDD and glyceryltrinitrate-induced endothelium-independent dilation of the brachial artery were investigated in 14 subjects before and 4 hours after meals rich in olive oil and safflower oil used hourly for deep-frying for 8 hours in a double-blind crossover study design . were high levels of lipid oxidation products ( peroxides and carbonyls ) in both heated oils . triglycerides were markedly increased at 4 hours after heated olive oil ( 1.26 + / - 0.43 vs 2.06 + / - 0.97 mmol/L ) and heated safflower oil ( 1.44 + / - 0.63 vs 1.99 + / - 0.88 mmol/L ) . was no change in EDD between fasting and postprandial studies and the response during the postprandial period was not significantly ( p = 0.51 ) different between the meals ( heated olive oil : 4.9 + / - 2.2 % vs 4.9 + / - 2.5 % ; heated safflower oil : 5.1 + / - 3.1 % vs 5.6 + / - 3.4 % ) . rich in olive and safflower oils previously used for deep frying and containing high levels of lipid oxidation products increase postprandial serum triglycerides without affecting endothelial function . findings suggest that relatively short-term use of these vegetable oils for frying may not adversely affect postprandial endothelial function when foods containing the heat-modified oils are consumed .
4712,Abstract #4712,"study was designed to compare the efficacy of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05 % with an artificial tear solution for the treatment of rosacea-associated eyelid and corneal pathology . , randomized , 3-month clinical trial of 37 patients with rosacea-associated eyelid and corneal changes ( defined as lid margin telangiectasia , meibomian gland inspissation , and/or fullness of the lid margin ) . findings were standardized and compared to photographs for grading . was a statistically significant increase in Schirmer ( with anesthesia ) scores of 2.7 + / -2.2 mm after 3 months of treatment in the topical cyclosporine group ( P < 0.001 ) , compared with a mean decrease of -1.4 + / -4.6 mm ( P = 0.271 ) in the artificial tears group . mean tear break-up time score significantly improved in the topical cyclosporine group ( mean increase of 3.56 + / -1.5 seconds , P < 0.001 ) , but worsened in the control group , although this change was not significantly significant ( mean decrease of -0.04 + / -1.6 seconds , P = 0.929 ) . topical cyclosporine group exhibited a significantly greater mean reduction in corneal staining scores ( -1.3 + / -0.53 ) compared with the control group ( -0.2 + / -0.83 ; between groups P < 0.001 ) . topical cyclosporine group had a greater improvement in Ocular Surface Disease Index scores than those using artificial tears ( P = 0.022 ) . of the study included an older , predominantly Caucasian patient population and short trial length . cyclosporine 0.05 % is more effective than artificial tears for the treatment of rosacea-associated lid and corneal changes ."
4713,Abstract #4713,"biomarkers for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) are needed . previously showed that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ) is significantly increased in NSCLC tumors . study aimed to examine the plasma levels of IDH1 in a large patient population to evaluate its effectiveness in NSCLC diagnosis . plasma levels of IDH1 , CA125 , Cyfra21-1 , and CEA were assayed by ELISA . samples were obtained from 1,422 participants ( 943 patients with NSCLC and 479 healthy controls ) . samples were randomly divided into a training set and a test set . operating characteristic and binary logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate diagnostic efficacy and establish diagnostic mathematical models . IDH1 levels were significantly higher in patients with NSCLCs than in healthy controls ( P < 0.001 ) . diagnostic use of IDH1 in lung adenocarcinoma [ area under curve ( AUC ) : 0.858 and 0.810 ; sensitivity : 77.1 % and 76.2 % ; specificity : 82.9 % and 76.6 % ; in the training set and test set , respectively ] was significantly greater than that of CA125 , Cyfra21-1 , or CEA ( P < 0.001 ) . model combining IDH1 with CEA , CA125 , and Cyfra21-1 was more effective for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis than IDH1 alone ( sensitivity and specificity in the training set : 75.8 % , 89.6 % ; test set : 86.3 % , 70.7 % ) . addition , the plasma levels of IDH1 could contribute to the diagnostic model of lung squamous cell carcinoma . can be used as a plasma biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLCs , particularly lung adenocarcinoma , with relatively high sensitivity and specificity ."
4714,Abstract #4714,"several large , well-designed , randomized , double-blind studies , the opiate antagonist naltrexone demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of alcohol dependence . , when combined with certain psychosocial therapies , naltrexone reduces the number of drinking days , heavy drinking , and time to relapse to alcohol use in alcohol-dependent individuals . this efficacy can be generalized to individuals who have alcohol use disorders and present for treatment at front-line community treatment programs has not been well established . total of 145 patients who presented for treatment at a rural community substance abuse treatment center were randomized to receive naltrexone 50 mg daily plus usual program treatment ( n = 54 ) , placebo plus usual treatment ( n = 43 ) , or usual treatment alone ( n = 48 ) for 12 week . total of 133 participants had at least one follow-up visit . outcome measures included percent days drinking , average drinks per drinking day , average drinks per day , heavy drinking days ( four or more for women and six or more for men ) , and time to first heavy drinking day . measures included changes in serum biological markers ( alkaline phosphatase , alanine transaminase , aspartate transaminase , and gamma-glutamyltransferase ) , craving , and psychosocial functioning . the intention-to-treat analysis , there were no between-group differences for any of the primary drinking outcomes at 12 weeks . post hoc exploratory analyses , the entire sample of participants was divided into two new groups : ( 1 ) people who drank during the 2 weeks before the start of medication ( entry drinkers ) and ( 2 ) people who did not drink during this interval ( entry abstainers ) . abstainers were at an advantage at study entry in that they were significantly more likely to have an inpatient hospitalization immediately before entry into outpatient treatment . analysis of variance revealed a main effect for entry group at the 12-week treatment endpoint on the primary outcome measures of percent days drinking , average drinks per drinking day , average drinks per day , heavy drinking days , and time to first heavy drinking day . in any of the randomized groups who were entry abstainers had significantly better improvement on all of the primary outcome measures . abstainer groups that were randomized to placebo and usual treatment had significantly better outcomes than the entry drinkers in those perspective groups . , for the naltrexone-treated group , entry drinkers and entry abstainers had similar improvement in drinking-related outcomes . data suggest that naltrexone may offer particular benefit to patients who continue to drink during the early stages of the trial as compared with those who have achieved abstinence before treatment entry ."
4715,Abstract #4715,"evaluate the short-term efficacy and long-term preventive effect on recurrence in prevention and treatment of children allergic rhinitis treated with the multiple therapy at Dazhui ( GV 14 ) as the main acupoint and acupoint plaster therapy . hundred and twenty cases of children allergic rhinitis were randomized into a triple-strong stimulation therapy group and an acupoint plaster therapy group , 60 cases in each one . the triple-strong stimulation therapy group , Dazhui ( GV 14 ) was the main acupoint , combined with one of Feishu ( BL 13 ) , Zhiyang ( GV 9 ) and Shenshu ( BL 23 ) accordingly . heavy needling technique was adopted with the three-edged needle , followed by heavy cupping and heavy moxibustion . treatment was given once every 3 days , continuously for 10 times . the acupoint plaster therapy group , the acupoints selected were same as the triple-strong stimulation therapy group . self-prepared Chinese herbal plaster was used , 4 h to 8 h each one time , once every 3 days , continuously for 10 times . changes in the symptom and physical sign scores were observed before treatment , after treatment and in 6 months follow-up visit after treatment in the two groups . clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups . treatment and in 6 months follow-up visit after treatment , the symptom scores , physical sign scores and symptom scores of each item were different signi ficantly as compared with those before treatment in the triple-strong stimulation therapy group ( P < 0.01 , P < 0.05 ) , and the results in the triple-strong stimulation therapy group were better than those in the acupoint plaster therapy group ( all P < 0.01 ) . 6 months follow-up visit , the total effective rate was 94.6 % ( 53/56 ) in the triple-strong stimulation therapy group and was 25.9 % ( 15/58 ) in the acupoint plaster therapy group , indicating the significant difference ( P < 0.001 ) . triple-strong stimulation therapy at Dazhui ( GV 14 ) achieves the superior effect on the prevention and treatment of children allergic rhinitis as compared with the acupoint plas ter therapy and has good long-term effect of the prevention from recurrence ."
4716,Abstract #4716,"seniors frequently have multiple chronic medical conditions for which they often fail to receive the recommended standard of care . test the effectiveness of a geriatric care management model on improving the quality of care for low-income seniors in primary care . clinical trial of 951 adults 65 years or older with an annual income less than 200 % of the federal poverty level , whose primary care physicians were randomized from January 2002 through August 2004 to participate in the intervention ( 474 patients ) or usual care ( 477 patients ) in community-based health centers . received 2 years of home-based care management by a nurse practitioner and social worker who collaborated with the primary care physician and a geriatrics interdisciplinary team and were guided by 12 care protocols for common geriatric conditions . Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short-Form ( SF-36 ) scales and summary measures ; instrumental and basic activities of daily living ( ADLs ) ; and emergency department ( ED ) visits not resulting in hospitalization and hospitalizations . analysis revealed significant improvements for intervention patients compared with usual care at 24 months in 4 of 8 SF-36 scales : general health ( 0.2 vs -2.3 , P = .045 ) , vitality ( 2.6 vs -2.6 , P < .001 ) , social functioning ( 3.0 vs -2.3 , P = .008 ) , and mental health ( 3.6 vs -0.3 , P = .001 ) ; and in the Mental Component Summary ( 2.1 vs -0.3 , P < .001 ) . group differences were found for ADLs or death . cumulative 2-year ED visit rate per 1000 was lower in the intervention group ( 1445 [ n = 474 ] vs 1748 [ n = 477 ] , P = .03 ) but hospital admission rates per 1000 were not significantly different between groups ( 700 [ n = 474 ] vs 740 [ n = 477 ] , P = .66 ) . a predefined group at high risk of hospitalization ( comprising 112 intervention and 114 usual-care patients ) , ED visit and hospital admission rates were lower for intervention patients in the second year ( 848 [ n = 106 ] vs 1314 [ n = 105 ] ; P = .03 and 396 [ n = 106 ] vs 705 [ n = 105 ] ; P = .03 , respectively ) . and home-based geriatric care management resulted in improved quality of care and reduced acute care utilization among a high-risk group . in health-related quality of life were mixed and physical function outcomes did not differ between groups . studies are needed to determine whether more specific targeting will improve the program 's effectiveness and whether reductions in acute care utilization will offset program costs . Identifier : NCT00182962 ."
4717,Abstract #4717,"are believed to prevent many types of disease . previous studies suggest that dietary supplementation with vitamin C results in a decrease in the level of one of the markers of oxidative damage-8-oxoguanine in the DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) . OF TRIAL : To investigate the effect of different dose levels of dietary supplementation with vitamin C on oxidative DNA damage . randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out using three different levels ( 80 , 200 and 400 mg ) of dietary vitamin C supplementation in a healthy population of 160 volunteers ; supplementation was for a period of 15 weeks followed by a 10 week washout period . blood samples were obtained every 5 weeks from baseline to 25 weeks . increase in PBMC vitamin C levels was not observed following supplementation in healthy volunteers . was no effect found on 8-oxoguanine measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection for any of the three supplemented groups compared to placebo . levels were below the limit of detection of the HPLC system used here . with vitamin C had little effect on cellular levels in this group of healthy individuals , suggesting their diets were replete in vitamin C. dose range of vitamin C used did not affect oxidative damage in PBMC DNA ."
4718,Abstract #4718,"effects of continuous combined hormone therapy on gynecologic cancers have not been investigated previously in a randomized trial setting . determine the possible associations of estrogen plus progestin on gynecologic cancers and related diagnostic procedures . , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial of 16 608 postmenopausal women , who had not had a hysterectomy at baseline and who had been recruited from 40 US clinical centers between September 1993 and October 1998 ( average follow-up , 5.6 years ) . tablet per day containing 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogens plus 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate ( n = 8506 ) or placebo ( n = 8102 ) . invasive cancer of the ovary and endometrium . 5.6 years of follow-up , there were 32 cases of invasive ovarian cancer , 58 cases of endometrial cancer , 1 case of nonendometrial uterine cancer , 13 cases of cervical cancer , and 7 cases of other gynecologic cancers . hazard ratio ( HR ) for invasive ovarian cancer in women assigned to estrogen plus progestin compared with placebo was 1.58 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.77-3 .24 ) . HR for endometrial cancer was 0.81 ( 95 % CI , 0.48-1 .36 ) . appreciable differences were found in the distributions of tumor histology , stage , or grade for either cancer site . incidence of other gynecologic cancers was low and did not differ by randomization assignment . women taking estrogen plus progestin required endometrial biopsies ( 33 % vs 6 % ; P < .001 ) . randomized trial suggests that continuous combined estrogen plus progestin therapy may increase the risk of ovarian cancer while producing endometrial cancer rates similar to placebo . increased burden of endometrial biopsies required to assess vaginal bleeding further limits the acceptability of this regimen . data provide additional support for caution in the use of continuous combined hormones ."
4719,Abstract #4719,"evaluate whether transbronchial biopsy ( TBB ) is useful for the diagnosis of acute farmer 's lung ( FL ) by calculating the likelihood ratios ( LHRs ) of ( 1 ) simple pathologic criteria and ( 2 ) an overall assessment of the biopsy specimens . study in which a blinded analysis of 105 TBBs with adequate material from patients with parenchymal diseases ( 55 cases of FL matched with 50 control samples ) was performed by two independent pathologists . clinic of a university-affiliated referral center . pathologic criteria were first studied : ( 1 ) diffuse lymphocytic infiltration ( LI ) ; ( 2 ) focal LI ; and ( 3 ) granulomas . , an overall assessment or the TBB was done . diagnostic categories were considered : ( 1 ) probable FL ; ( 2 ) possible FL ; ( 3 ) nonspecific ; and ( 4 ) alternative diagnosis . favoring the diagnosis of FL were calculated for the pathologic criteria and for each diagnostic category . both the pathologic criteria and the overall assessments , the interobserver agreement was fair . a pathologic criterion , `` diffuse LI '' was better than `` loosely formed granuloma '' to discriminate FL from control samples ( LHR , 9.1 [ confidence interval , 2.2 to 37.0 ] vs 1.8 [ confidence interval , 0.5 to 6.9 ] ) . the overall assessment , as many as 48.6 % of the TBBs were read as nonspecific . LHRs of the four diagnostic categories were as follows : ( 1 ) probable FL : 1.1 ( observer 1 ) and 2.6 ( observer 2 ) ; ( 2 ) possible FL : 2.2 and 1.7 ; ( 3 ) nonspecific : 0.9 and 0.6 ; and ( 4 ) alternative diagnosis : 0.4 and 0.0 . TBB specimen is of limited usefulness for the diagnosis of FL and should be reserved for patients with intermediate pretest probability of FL . LI best discriminates FL from control samples and should be specifically sought ."
4720,Abstract #4720,"evaluate the effects of a central hole contact lens-based design on visual performance and to compare it with the standard version of that same contact lens without the hole ( non-hole scenario ) . visual performance of 10 myopic patients wearing either a central hole myopic contact lens or its corresponding standard version ( non-hole contact lens ) was assessed on the same eye . corrected distance visual acuity was measured under photopic conditions and monocular contrast sensitivity was measured under both photopic and mesopic conditions and higher-order ocular aberrations using Hartmann-Shack aberrometry . in vitro optical analysis of both contact lenses was performed and a symptoms questionnaire was administered to the participants . statistically significant differences in terms of corrected distance visual acuity were found : -0.091 and -0.098 logMAR for the hole and non-hole contact lenses , respectively ( P > .05 ) . sensitivity was comparable between lenses and no differences were found for specific spatial frequencies or a particular luminance level ( P > .05 ) . hole contact lenses provided excellent outcomes , essentially equivalent to those of non-hole contact lenses , even in terms of subjective symptoms such as glare or halo . vivo and in vitro optical quality analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the hole and the non-hole contact lenses for either pupil size ( P > .1 ) . contact lens having a central hole provides good visual and optical quality outcomes comparable to those yielded by the same lens without a hole . results suggest that the impact of a central hole may be clinically negligible ."
4721,Abstract #4721,"study aimed to compare the outcomes of turbinoplasty assisted by microdebrider and by diode laser ( 980 nm wavelength ) . patients suffering from bilateral nasal obstruction were randomly divided into two equal groups . group was managed with microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty and the other with diode laser assisted turbinoplasty . patients were followed up for six months post-operatively . six months , total success rates were 90 per cent for the microdebrider group and 85 per cent for the diode laser group . were no significant differences between the two groups regarding success rate , post-operative complications or operative time . two techniques are equally safe , reliable , successful and non-invasive ."
4722,Abstract #4722,"evaluate effects of a 6-month social marketing campaign on awareness of , attitudes toward and use of female as well as male condoms for 15-25 year-old-women . a time-space sampling methodology , we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3407 women at pre-campaign in 12 western U.S. neighborhoods on female and male condom awareness , attitudes , and use . of the 12 study neighborhoods were randomly selected to receive the POWER social marketing campaign designed to impact condom knowledge , attitudes , and use . campaign was followed with another cross-sectional survey of 3,003 women in all 12 study neighborhoods on condom knowledge , attitudes , use and awareness of POWER materials . compared pre-and post-campaign surveys to determine the efficacy of POWER and conducted post hoc analyses on post-campaign data to determine if exposure to POWER was related to higher levels of positive condom attitudes and norms and condom use . found no differences between neighborhoods with and without the POWER campaign with regard to our primary outcomes . diagnose reasons for this null effect , we examined outcomes post hoc examining the influence of POWER exposure . hoc analyses show some evidence that exposure to POWER was associated with condom use . the context of the nested trial , this raises concerns that post test only evaluations are limited . the efficacy of a social marketing campaign is challenging . group randomized trial showed a null effect . marketing campaigns may need to have more media channels and saturation before they can show behavioral effects . a nested design with randomization at the community level and probability sampling introduces rigor not commonly seen in evaluations of social marketing campaigns ."
4723,Abstract #4723,"develop and implement a medication therapy management ( MTM ) curriculum and assess students ' skills and attitudes after the provision of MTM services to faculty and staff members . students enrolled in a pharmaceutical care laboratory course received lectures and participated in MTM activities in preparation for an MTM encounter . conduced MTM sessions with university faculty and staff members , providing comprehensive medication review , blood pressure checks , and optional blood glucose and cholesterol ( total cholesterol and HDL ) screenings . faculty-developed rubric was used to evaluate students ' ability to explain MTM to the participant and address medication-related problems . ' responses on pre - and post-encounter survey instruments showed their confidence to provide MTM services , communicate with participants and other health care providers , and provide point-of-care screening services had increased . MTM into an existing laboratory course increased students ' confidence and perceived ability to provide MTM services ."
4724,Abstract #4724,"the mid-1980s , interest in parenteral estrogen therapy for prostate cancer was renewed when it was found that it influenced liver metabolism only marginally and had very few cardiovascular side-effects . this study high-dose polyestradiol phosphate ( PEP ; Estradurin ) was compared to combined androgen deprivation ( CAD ) for the treatment of patients with metastatic prostate cancer . aim of the study was to compare anticancer efficacy and adverse events , especially cardiovascular side-effects . total of 917 patients with T0-4 , NX , M1 , G1-3 prostate cancer and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 were randomized to treatment with either PEP 240 mg i.m. twice a month for 2 months and thereafter once a month or flutamide ( Eulexin ) 250 mg t.i.d. per os in combination with either triptorelin ( Decapeptyl ) 3.75 mg per month i.m. or , on an optional basis , bilateral orchidectomy . total of 556 patients had died at the time of this analysis . was no difference between the treatment arms in terms of time to biochemical or clinical progression and overall or disease-specific survival . was no increase in cardiovascular mortality in the PEP arm . PEP group had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease prior to the study and a significantly higher incidence of non-fatal ischemic heart events and heart decompensation during the study . has an equal anticancer efficacy to CAD and does not increase cardiovascular mortality . evaluation of cardiovascular morbidity is awaiting further analysis and follow-up . is considerably cheaper than CAD ."
4725,Abstract #4725,"leptin concentration shows a sexual dimorphism that is not accounted for by gender differences in adiposity . strong inverse association exists between serum leptin and testosterone concentrations in men , pointing to a likely influence of gonadal sex steroids on serum leptin concentration . aim of this study was to investigate whether manipulation of sex steroid hormones in men would alter serum leptin concentration independently of changes in fat mass . effects of sex steroid suppression on serum leptin concentration were investigated in nine healthy men in whom testosterone had been reversibly suppressed for 5 weeks after treatment with intramuscular triptorelin . effects of sex steroid supplementation were investigated in nine male bodybuilders who self-administered anabolic -- androgenic steroids ( AAS ) for a mean period of 6.5 weeks . control group received no hormonal treatment . concentration was significantly reduced by triptorelin administration ( 7.32 + / - 1.92 ng/ml at baseline compared with 1.15 + / -0.57 ng/ml at 5 weeks , P = 0.002 ) . AAS use was confirmed by urine analysis . fat percentage was unaffected by the AAS or triptorelin intervention ( P > 0.19 ) . concentration was significantly reduced after one cycle of AAS use ( 2.40 + / -0.98 ng/ml off cycle compared with 1.63 + / -0.37 ng/ml on cycle , P = 0.012 ) , and was significantly increased by triptorelin administration ( 2.96 + / -1.50 ng/ml at baseline compared with 6.63 + / -4.67 ng/ml at five weeks , P = 0.004 ) . significant change occurred in the control group . sex hormone supplementation decreases serum leptin concentration , whereas suppression increases serum leptin concentration , independently of changes in body fat mass in healthy men . sexual dimorphism evident in serum leptin concentration is likely to be due to a suppressive effect of testosterone on serum leptin concentration in males ."
4726,Abstract #4726,"sought to determine whether methylprednisolone , when administered to patients undergoing cardiac surgery , is able to ward off the detrimental hemodynamic and pulmonary alterations associated with cardiopulmonary bypass . institutional review board approval and informed consent was obtained , 90 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomized to 1 of 3 groups . 30MP patients received 30 mg/kg intravenous methylprednisolone during sternotomy and 30 mg/kg during initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass , group 15MP patients received 15 mg/kg methylprednisolone at the same 2 times , and group NS patients received similar volumes of isotonic sodium chloride solution at the same 2 times . care was standardized , and all caregivers were blinded to treatment group . hemodynamic and pulmonary measurements were obtained perioperatively , as well as fluid balance , weight , peak postoperative blood glucose level , and tracheal extubation time . and clinical characteristics of patients and intraoperative data were similar among the 3 groups . receiving methylprednisolone ( either dose ) exhibited significantly increased cardiac index ( P = .0006 ) , significantly decreased systemic vascular resistance ( P = .0005 ) , and significantly increased shunt flow ( P = .0020 ) during the immediate postoperative period . 3 groups exhibited significant increases in alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ( P < .0001 ) , significant decreases in dynamic lung compliance ( P < .0001 ) , and significant decreases in static lung compliance ( P < .0001 ) during the immediate postoperative period , with no differences between groups . fluid balance and weights were similar between groups . statistically significant difference in peak postoperative blood glucose level existed ( P = .016 ) among group NS ( 234 + / - 96 mg/dL ) , group 15MP ( 292 + / - 93 mg/dL ) , and group 30MP ( 311 + / - 90 mg/dL ) . patients extubated within 12 hours of intensive care unit arrival , a statistically significant difference in extubation times existed ( P = .025 ) between group NS ( 5.7 + / - 2.3 hours ) , group 15MP ( 5.9 + / - 2.2 hours ) , and group 30MP ( 7.5 + / - 2.7 hours ) . , as used in this investigation , offers no clinical benefits to patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass and may in fact be detrimental by initiating postoperative hyperglycemia and possibly hindering early postoperative tracheal extubation for undetermined reasons ."
4727,Abstract #4727,"diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) , gamma-linolenic acid ( GLA ) , and antioxidants have previously been shown to improve outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome . studies using animal models of sepsis demonstrate that enteral nutrition enriched with omega-3 fatty acids reduces mortality rate . study investigated whether an enteral diet enriched with EPA , GLA , and antioxidant vitamins can improve outcomes and reduce 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock requiring mechanical ventilation . , double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial . different intensive care units of a tertiary hospital in Brazil . study enrolled 165 patients . were randomized to be continuously tube-fed with either a diet enriched with EPA , GLA , and elevated antioxidants or an isonitrogenous and isocaloric control diet , delivered at a constant rate to achieve a minimum of 75 % of basal energy expenditure x 1.3 during a minimum of 4 days . were monitored for 28 days . who were fed with the study diet experienced a significant reduction in mortality rate compared with patients fed with the control diet , the absolute mortality reduction amounting to 19.4 % ( p = .037 ) . group who received the study diet also experienced significant improvements in oxygenation status , more ventilator-free days ( 13.4 + / - 1.2 vs. 5.8 + / - 1.0 , p < .001 ) , more intensive care unit ( ICU ) - free days ( 10.8 + / - 1.1 vs. 4.6 + / - 0.9 , p < .001 ) , and a lesser development of new organ dysfunctions ( p < .001 ) . patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and requiring mechanical ventilation and tolerating enteral nutrition , a diet enriched with EPA , GLA , and elevated antioxidants contributed to better ICU and hospital outcomes and was associated with lower mortality rates ."
4728,Abstract #4728,", short-term hyperglycemia enhances high shear stress-induced platelet activation in type 2 diabetes . observations suggest that platelets in type 2 diabetes are resistant to inhibition by aspirin . aim was to assess comparatively the effect of aspirin , a nitric oxide-donating agent ( NCX 4016 ) , their combination , or placebo on platelet activation induced by acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes . a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial , 40 type 2 diabetic patients were allocated to 100 mg aspirin once daily , 800 mg NCX 4016 b.i.d. , both of them , or placebo for 15 days . day 15 , 1 h after the morning dose , a 4-h hyperglycemic clamp ( plasma glucose 13.9 mmol/l ) was performed , and blood samples were collected before and immediately after it for platelet activation and cyclooxygenase-1 ( COX-1 ) inhibition studies . Acute hyperglycemia enhanced shear stress-induced platelet activation in placebo-treated patients ( basal closure time 63 + / - 7.1 s , after hyperglycemia 49.5 + / - 1.4 s , -13.5 + / - 6.3 s , P < 0.048 ) . with aspirin , despite full inhibition of platelet COX-1 , did not prevent it ( -12.7 + / - 6.9 s , NS vs. placebo ) . the contrary , pretreatment with the NO donor NCX 4016 , alone or in combination with aspirin , suppressed platelet activation induced by acute hyperglycemia ( NCX 4016 +10.5 + / - 8.3 s ; NCX 4016 plus aspirin : +12.0 + / - 10.7 s , P < 0.05 vs. placebo for both ) . parameters of shear stress-dependent platelet activation were also more inhibited by NCX 4016 than by aspirin , despite lesser inhibition of COX-1 . hyperglycemia-induced enhancement of platelet activation is resistant to aspirin ; a NO-donating agent suppresses it . approaches aiming at a wider platelet inhibitory action than that exerted by aspirin may prove useful in patients with type 2 diabetes ."
4729,Abstract #4729,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of the cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric-oxide donator , naproxcinod , compared with naproxen and placebo in patients with osteoarthritis ( OA ) of the knee . eligible patients were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with either naproxcinod 375 mg , naproxcinod 750 mg , naproxen 500 mg or placebo , twice daily for 13 weeks . primary objective was to show superiority of naproxcinod compared to placebo . efficacy criteria were assessment of pain and physical function using the Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index ( WOMAC ) and patients ' overall rating of disease status ( Likert scale ) . main secondary objectives were to show that naproxcinod was non-inferior to naproxen 500 mg and to evaluate overall safety . doses of naproxcinod were statistically and clinically superior to placebo in relieving signs and symptoms of OA of the knee after 13 weeks of treatment , as demonstrated by all three co-primary endpoints ( P < or = 0.0003 ) . evaluation of the other secondary efficacy measures was consistent with the primary endpoint results . 750 mg was non-inferior to equimolar doses of naproxen 500 mg in the Intent-to-Treat ( ITT ) population . % of patients discontinued prematurely , with a higher incidence in the placebo group ( 18.6 % ) than the active groups ( 4.3-7 .1 % ) discontinuing due to lack of efficacy . doses of naproxcinod were well-tolerated , with most adverse events being mild or moderate . to placebo , naproxcinod 750 mg and 375 mg showed a similar blood pressure ( BP ) profile in contrast to naproxen which increased BP . results demonstrated the clinical efficacy and safety of naproxcinod in the management of the signs and symptoms of OA . was well-tolerated , with BP effects similar to placebo and different from naproxen . Trials.gov identifier : NCT00542555 ."
4730,Abstract #4730,safety training is becoming more common and is being delivered to an increasingly aging workforce . results in a number of changes that make it more difficult to learn from certain types of computer-based training . designs derived from cognitive learning theories may overcome some of these difficulties . versions of computer-based respiratory safety training were shown to older and younger workers who then took a high and a low level learning test . workers did better overall . older and younger workers did best with the version containing text with pictures and audio narration . training with pictures and audio narration may be beneficial for workers over 45 years of age . safety training has advantages but workers of different ages may benefit differently . safety programs should be designed and selected based on their ability to effectively train older as well as younger learners .
4731,Abstract #4731,"PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk ( PROSPER ) , a placebo-controlled trial of pravastatin , demonstrated a 19 % reduction in coronary outcomes ( p = 0.006 ) after a mean of 3.2 years , with no impact on stroke outcomes or all-cause mortality . , there was a suggestion of increased cancer risk . aim is to determine the long-term benefits and safety of pravastatin treatment in older people using post-trial follow-up of the PROSPER participants . ( 2,520 Scottish ) men and women aged 70-82 years with either pre-existing vascular disease or increased risk of such disease because of smoking , hypertension or diabetes , were randomised to 40 mg pravastatin or matching placebo . record linkage to routinely collected health records , all participants ( full cohort ) were linked to death and cancer registries , and the Scottish cohort additionally to hospital admissions , to provide composite fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes ( total mean follow-up 8.6 years ) . treatment for 3.2 years reduced CHD death in the full cohort , hazard ratio ( HR ) 0.80 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 0.68-0 .95 , p = 0.0091 and fatal coronary events or coronary hospitalisations in the Scottish cohort ( HR 0.81 , 95 % CI 0.69-0 .95 , p = 0.0081 ) over 8.6 years . was no reduction in stroke or all-cause mortality . risk was not increased in the full cohort ( HR 1.08 , 95 % CI 0.96-1 .21 , p = 0.22 ) . treatment of elderly high-risk subjects for 3.2 years provided long-term protection against CHD events and CHD mortality . , this was not associated with any increase in life expectancy , possibly due to competing mortality with deaths from other causes . was no evidence of long-term increased risk of cancer . ."
4732,Abstract #4732,"compare the visual outcomes and adverse events of contact lens with primary intraocular lens ( IOL ) correction of monocular aphakia during infancy . a randomized , multicenter ( 12 sites ) clinical trial , 114 infants with a unilateral congenital cataract were assigned to undergo cataract surgery between 1 to 6 months of age either with or without primary IOL implantation . lenses were used to correct aphakia in patients who did not receive IOLs . visual acuity was tested at 1 year of age by a masked traveling examiner . visual acuity at 1 year of age . median logMAR visual acuity was not significantly different between the treated eyes in the 2 groups ( contact lens group , 0.80 ; IOL group , 0.97 ; P = .19 ) . patients in the IOL group underwent 1 or more additional intraocular operations than patients in the contact lens group ( 63 % vs 12 % ; P < .001 ) . of these additional operations were performed to clear lens reproliferation and pupillary membranes from the visual axis . was no statistically significant difference in grating visual acuity at age 1 year between the IOL and contact lens groups ; however , additional intraocular operations were performed more frequently in the IOL group . longer-term follow-up data are available , caution should be exercised when performing IOL implantation in children aged 6 months or younger given the higher incidence of adverse events and the absence of an improved short-term visual outcome compared with contact lens use ."
4733,Abstract #4733,"disturbance may affect smoking cessation efforts . describe sleep changes across three months among women in a smoking cessation program and tested whether sleep disturbances at baseline and 1 month post-quit attempt predicted smoking status at three months . ( N = 322 ) were women in a randomized , clinical trial for smoking cessation . disturbances , as well as , insomnia , drowsiness , and sleep quality were evaluated prior to and during three months of cessation treatment . measures mixed models evaluated change in sleep over time by smoking outcome status . regression analyses determined whether sleep disturbances at baseline and 1 month post-quit were associated with smoking status at 3 months . disturbances were reported by more than 25 % of women . , insomnia , and sleep quality changed over time . , contrary to our hypotheses , none of the sleep variables at either baseline or 1 month post-quit attempt was associated with relapse ( p 's > .05 ) . mild to severe drowsiness was reported by more women who relapsed than those who remained abstinent , none of the sleep disturbance symptoms predicted smoking relapse . high rates of sleep disturbances among women smokers , better prospective evaluations of the relationship of sleep disturbances to smoking cessation treatment outcome are needed ."
4734,Abstract #4734,"evaluate neurocognitive outcome as measured by the Mini-Mental Status Examination ( MMSE ) among patients with unresectable brain metastases randomly assigned to accelerated fractionation ( AF ) vs. accelerated hyperfractionated ( AH ) whole-brain radiation therapy ( WBRT ) . Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ( RTOG ) accrued 445 patients with unresectable brain metastases to a Phase III comparison of AH ( 1.6 Gy b.i.d. to 54.4 Gy ) vs. AF ( 3 Gy q.d. to 30 Gy ) . had a KPS of > or = 70 and a neurologic function status of 0-2 . hundred fifty-nine patients had MMSEs performed and were eligible for this analysis . in the MMSE were analyzed according to criteria previously defined in the literature . median survival was 4.5 months for both arms . average change in MMSE at 2 and 3 months was a drop of 1.4 and 1.1 , respectively , in the AF arm as compared to a drop of 0.7 and 1.3 , respectively , in the AH arm ( p = NS ) . , 91 patients at 2 months and 23 patients at 3 months had both follow-up MMSE and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging documentation of the status of their brain metastases . an analysis was performed taking into account control of brain metastases , a significant effect on MMSE was observed with time and associated proportional increase in uncontrolled brain metastases . 2 months , the average change in MMSE score was a drop of 0.6 for those whose brain metastases were radiologically controlled as compared to a drop of 1.9 for those with uncontrolled brain metastases ( p = 0.47 ) . 3 months , the average change in MMSE score was a drop of 0.5 for those whose brain metastases were radiologically controlled as compared to a drop of 6.3 for those with uncontrolled brain metastases ( p = 0.02 ) . of AH as compared to AF-WBRT was not associated with a significant difference in neurocognitive function as measured by MMSE in this patient population with unresectable brain metastases and limited survival . , control of brain metastases had a significant impact on MMSE ."
4735,Abstract #4735,"of the parenchymal lung for lobectomy is performed in patients who have an incomplete fissure . stapler device can reduce postoperative air leak , but it is expensive . investigate the advantage of using a stapler , in terms of postoperative air leak and cost , compared to hand-sewn techniques . Non-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in Chiang Mai University Hospital , Thailand , from November 15 , 2011 to September 30 , 2012 . adult patients were randomized to undergo a hand-sewn technique ( 27 patients ) or stapler closure ( 26 patients ) . air leak in the stapler group was less than that in the hand-sewn group ( 7.7 % vs. 29.6 % , p = 0.044 ) , and the duration of air leak in the stapler group was significantly shorter than that in the hand-sewn group ( 1.0 vs. 13.4 days , p = 0.032 ) . cost of treatment was not significantly different between groups ; however , the total cost in the stapler group was less than that in the hand-sewn group ( mean difference 4454 Thai baht ( US$ 144.75 ) . stapler reduces postoperative air leaks and the duration of air leaks . , the total cost of treatment was comparable . , using staples may provide substantial financial benefits ."
4736,Abstract #4736,"effect of montelukast therapy on bronchial hyperreactivity ( BHR ) as measured by the methacholine challenge test in preschool children has not yet been reported . determine the effect of montelukast ( 4 mg/d ) on BHR as evaluated by a provocative concentration of a substance causing a 20 % fall in FEV ( 1 ) ( PC ( 20 ) ) values in preschool asthmatic children . total of 26 preschool children ( 8 girls ) aged 3.3 to 6.0 years ( mean [ + / - SD ] age , 4.7 + / - 0.8 years ) with mild asthma . randomized , placebo controlled , crossover study . child received 4 weeks of treatment with 4 mg of either montelukast or placebo separated by a 2-week washout period . outcomes were PC ( 20 ) values and the stage number ( triple dose ) at which FEV ( 1 ) values dropped by 20 % ( . ) therapy PC ( 20 ) was compared to those for the post-placebo period . 4 weeks of montelukast treatment , the mean PC ( 20 ) was 4.79 + / - 4.69 mg/mL , while after 4 weeks of placebo the mean PC ( 20 ) was 2.07 + / - 2.37 mg/mL ( p = 0.001 ) . montelukast/placebo ratio for PC ( 20 ) was 2.56 with a 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) of 1.71 to 3.99 . median difference in stage was one triple dose with a 95 % CI of 0.5 to 1.5 . weeks of treatment with montelukast resulted in a decreased BHR compared with placebo ."
4737,Abstract #4737,"children with obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) and tic disorders appear to have symptom exacerbations triggered by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections in a manner that is similar to rheumatic fever and its neurologic variant , Sydenham 's chorea . penicillin prophylaxis has proven to be effective in preventing recurrences of rheumatic fever , it was postulated that it might also prevent streptococcal-triggered neuropsychiatric symptom exacerbations in children with Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections ( PANDAS ) . children are identified by five clinical characteristics : presence of OCD or tic disorder , prepubertal onset , episodic symptom course , neurologic abnormalities ( i.e. , choreiform movements ) and streptococcal-triggered symptom exacerbations . children with PANDAS were enrolled in an 8 month , double-blind , balanced cross-over study . were randomized to receive either 4 months of the active compound ( twice daily oral 250 mg penicillin V ) followed by 4 months of placebo , or placebo followed by penicillin V. Tic , OCD , and other psychiatric symptoms were monitored monthly . cultures and streptococcal antibody titers were also obtained . were an equal number of infections in both the active and placebo phases of the study . was no significant change seen in either the obsessive-compulsive or tic symptom severity between the two phases . of the failure to achieve an acceptable level of streptococcal prophylaxis , no conclusions can be drawn from this study regarding the efficacy of penicillin prophylaxis in preventing tic or OCD symptom exacerbations . studies should employ a more effective prophylactic agent , and include a larger sample size ."
4738,Abstract #4738,"authors conducted a 2-year prospective naturalistic follow-up study to evaluate posttreatment clinical outcomes in outpatients who were randomly selected to receive 1 year of either dialectical behavior therapy or general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder . were assessed by blind raters 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months after treatment . clinical effectiveness of treatment was assessed on measures of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors , health care utilization , general symptom distress , depression , anger , quality of life , social adjustment , borderline psychopathology , and diagnostic status . authors conducted between-group comparisons using generalized estimating equation , mixed-effects models , or chi-square statistics , depending on the distribution and nature of the data . treatment groups showed similar and statistically significant improvements on the majority of outcomes 2 years after discharge . original effects of treatment did not diminish for any outcome domain , including suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors . improvements were seen on measures of depression , interpersonal functioning , and anger . , even though two-thirds of the participants achieved diagnostic remission and significant increases in quality of life , 53 % were neither employed nor in school , and 39 % were receiving psychiatric disability support after 36 months . year of either dialectical behavior therapy or general psychiatric management was associated with long-lasting positive effects across a broad range of outcomes . the benefits of these specific treatments , one important finding that replicates previous research is that participants continued to exhibit high levels of functional impairment . effectiveness of adjunctive rehabilitation strategies to improve general functioning deserves additional study ."
4739,Abstract #4739,"aim of this study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of the lipid-lowering arm of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial ( ASCOT-LLA ) where patients from seven countries with hypertension and no history of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) were randomized to receive 10 mg atorvastatin or placebo . analysis of a randomized controlled trial . on resource use were aggregated for all patients during the entire trial period ( median 3.3 years ) and multiplied with unit costs for Sweden and the UK . total number of cardiovascular events and procedures avoided was used as the measure of effectiveness . treated with atorvastatin had an additional net costs of 449 euro ( 4114 SEK ) in Sweden and 414 euro ( 260 pounds sterling ) in the UK , but fewer events per patient ( 0.097 compared to 0.132 ) . incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 12673 euro ( 116119 SEK ) and 11693 euro ( 7349 pounds sterling ) per event avoided . on comparisons with the WOSCOPS and 4S studies , atorvastatin at 10 mg to treat patients as in the ASCOT study , appears to be a cost-effective strategy ."
4740,Abstract #4740,"recurrences of bleeding with high mortality in cirrhosis with esophageal varices have been inadequately analyzed in previous trials . propose analysis by the multistage competing-risks model , specifying the effect on overall mortality as an effect on mortality during bleeding , rate of cessation of bleeding , mortality rate without bleeding , and rate of rebleeding . Copenhagen Esophageal Varices Project enrolled patients after first bleeding and randomized 94 to usual treatment and 93 to sclerotherapy as supplement . 9-52 months of follow-up , rebleeding occurred in 49 and 42 , and death in 68 and 60 patients , respectively . proportional hazards regression model ( Cox model ) was used for reanalysis both by the multistage competing-risks model and by conventional analysis for overall mortality and rate of first rebleeding . the multistage model , time zero was at entry to any new disease stage , of which the first four were analyzed - two bleeding stages and two bleeding-free stages . conventional analysis showed a reduction of overall mortality rate in the sclerotherapy group of borderline significance , but no effect on rate of rebleeding . multistage model indicated that sclerotherapy reduced the rate of rebleeding late in the disease course , and particularly after the first rebleeding . of cessation of bleeding and mortality rates during bleeding and without bleeding were not affected by sclerotherapy . analysis may give misleading conclusions , which might be avoided by applying the multistage model . effect of sclerotherapy on overall mortality may be ascribed entirely to the reduced rate of rebleeding ."
4741,Abstract #4741,"is an anti-tumor necrosis factor - human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that is efficacious for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis , psoriatic arthritis , and ankylosing spondylitis in adults . objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic characteristics of golimumab in healthy male Chinese subjects following a single subcutaneous ( SC ) administration of golimumab 50 or 100 mg . safety , tolerability , and immunogenicity of a single SC administration of golimumab in Chinese subjects were also evaluated . was a phase I , randomized , open-label , single-dose , single-period , single-center study . healthy male Chinese subjects were randomized ( 1:1 ) to receive a single SC administration of golimumab 50 or 100 mg . blood samples for the measurement of serum golimumab concentrations were collected and analyzed using a validated electrochemiluminescent immunoassay method . pharmacokinetic parameters [ maximum observed serum concentration ( C ( max ) ) , time to reach C ( max ) ( t ( max ) ) , area under the serum concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity ( AUC ) , and terminal half-life ( t ( ) ) ] of golimumab were derived using a noncompartmental analysis . a single SC administration of golimumab 50 or 100 mg in Chinese male subjects ( age 19-41 years , body weight 60-76 kg ) , mean standard deviation C ( max ) ( 3.6 1.6 and 7.5 1.4 g/mL , respectively ) and AUC ( 59.8 19.8 and 132.8 27.0 gday/mL , respectively ) increased in a dose-proportional manner . median t ( max ) was in the range of 4.5-5 .0 days , and the mean t ( ) was in the range of 10.8-11 .9 days . 24 subjects , 23 had appropriate samples for evaluation of antibodies to golimumab , and one subject ( 1/23 , 4.3 % ) in the 100-mg group tested positive . mild adverse events were reported ( infected sebaceous cyst , upper respiratory tract infection , and headache ) , all in the 50-mg group ; none were considered to be related to the study agent . exhibited linear pharmacokinetics at dose levels of 50 and 100 mg following a single SC administration in healthy Chinese subjects . SC administrations of golimumab 50 or 100 mg were considered to be generally well tolerated . results from this study indicate that there are no apparent ethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics of golimumab between Chinese and Caucasian subjects ."
4742,Abstract #4742,"and compare the safety and tolerance of three medical nutritional products when used as sole sources of nutrition in stable hemodialysis patients . randomized , controlled , single blind , parallel design . outpatient hemodialysis clinics . normally nourished , stable , anuric , adequately dialyzed , adult outpatients with end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ) and requiring thrice weekly hemodialysis . 3-week trial was conducted . the first week , baseline medical history and physical examination , gastrointestinal symptom , urea kinetic , bowel habit , and biochemical data were collected while participants ingested their usual diet . the last 2 weeks , the same data were collected while participants orally ingested 35 kcal/kg actual weight/d of one of three medical nutritional products as a sole source of nutrition . were a standard medical nutritional ( EN-9527 ) and two renal nutritionals ( EN-9528 and EN-9529 ) . latter product was a reformulation of EN-9528 and contained added beta-carotene and fructooligosaccharides . symptoms , bowel habits ( stool frequency and consistency ) , routine blood chemistries , urea kinetics , and normalized protein catabolic rate ( nPCR ) RESULTS : All three groups achieved a mean energy and protein intake of approximately 35 kcal/kg/d and 1.25 g protein/kg/d during the last 10 days of the sole source feeding period . with the formula ingestion targets was assessed using both a patient-completed product consumption log and nPCR . intent to treat analysis , there were no changes in number or severity of gastrointestinal symptoms , stool frequency or stool consistency , or urea kinetics between the baseline week and during product consumption . comparison to the standard formulation , the disease-specific formulations resulted in improved serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product . receiving the fructooligosaccharide-containing product ( EN-9529 ) , by Chi-squared analysis , had less constipation than for the comparable product without oligosaccharides ( EN-9528 ) or the standard medical nutritional ( EN-9527 ) . of enteral nutritionals as a sole source of nutrition is both possible and well tolerated in hemodialyzed patients . of a disease-specific formulation offered advantages over a standard formulation in the management of biochemical complications of renal disease when the products were used as a sole source of nutrition ."
4743,Abstract #4743,"observations by pharmacists monitoring anticoagulated patients indicate that blood samples collected in 2.7-mL ( pediatric ) evacuated tubes frequently produced falsely elevated international normalized ratio ( INR ) results . evaluate the impact of various preanalytical variables ( fill volume , sample mixing , and elapsed time between sample collection and mixing ) on INR test results using pediatric collection tubes in healthy volunteers and patients receiving warfarin anticoagulation therapy . patients receiving warfarin and the 15 healthy volunteers participated in each study arm . blood samples for coagulation testing were obtained from study subjects in full-draw pediatric collection tubes made of siliconized glass . impact of sample mixing was evaluated by randomly varying the number of times each tube ( five tubes total ) was inverted following sample collection between one and five . impact of timely sample mixing was evaluated by randomly varying the elapsed time between sample collection and mixing between 0 min and 4 min in each of five samples . impact of incomplete collection tube filling was evaluated by randomly varying the volume of six tubes between 50 % and 100 % . coagulation assays were performed on each sample by a centralized hematology laboratory , and the average result was reported . analysis revealed that neither sample mixing nor the elapsed time between sample collection and mixing had a statistically significant effect on INR test results . patients receiving warfarin , tube fill volume had a statistically significant effect on the reported INR results ( p < 0.001 ) . mean ( + / - SD ) INR derived from sample tubes filled 100 % was 3.2 + / - 1.2 , compared to 9.9 + / - 4.2 for tubes filled only 50 % full ( p < 0.01 ) . significant INR elevations became apparent for sample tube fill volumes of < 90 % . blood collection tubes should be filled at least 90 % full to ensure accurate INR test results . therapy providers should routinely inquire about the type of collection tube used ( adult vs pediatric ) and the adequacy of sample collection volume before deriving therapeutic plans in asymptomatic excessively anticoagulated patients ."
4744,Abstract #4744,"patients often use the emergency department ( ED ) for medical care . test the efficacy of 3 interventions for opioid dependence : ( 1 ) screening and referral to treatment ( referral ) ; ( 2 ) screening , brief intervention , and facilitated referral to community-based treatment services ( brief intervention ) ; and ( 3 ) screening , brief intervention , ED-initiated treatment with buprenorphine/naloxone , and referral to primary care for 10-week follow-up ( buprenorphine ) . randomized clinical trial involving 329 opioid-dependent patients who were treated at an urban teaching hospital ED from April 7 , 2009 , through June 25 , 2013 . screening , 104 patients were randomized to the referral group , 111 to the brief intervention group , and 114 to the buprenorphine treatment group . in and receiving addiction treatment 30 days after randomization was the primary outcome . days of illicit opioid use , urine testing for illicit opioids , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) risk , and use of addiction treatment services were the secondary outcomes . percent of patients in the buprenorphine group ( 89 of 114 [ 95 % CI , 70 % -85 % ] ) vs 37 % in the referral group ( 38 of 102 [ 95 % CI , 28 % -47 % ] ) and 45 % in the brief intervention group ( 50 of 111 [ 95 % CI , 36 % -54 % ] ) were engaged in addiction treatment on the 30th day after randomization ( P < .001 ) . buprenorphine group reduced the number of days of illicit opioid use per week from 5.4 days ( 95 % CI , 5.1-5 .7 ) to 0.9 days ( 95 % CI , 0.5-1 .3 ) vs a reduction from 5.4 days ( 95 % CI , 5.1-5 .7 ) to 2.3 days ( 95 % CI , 1.7-3 .0 ) in the referral group and from 5.6 days ( 95 % CI , 5.3-5 .9 ) to 2.4 days ( 95 % CI , 1.8-3 .0 ) in the brief intervention group ( P < .001 for both time and intervention effects ; P = .02 for the interaction effect ) . rates of urine samples that tested negative for opioids did not differ statistically across groups , with 53.8 % ( 95 % CI , 42 % -65 % ) in the referral group , 42.9 % ( 95 % CI , 31 % -55 % ) in the brief intervention group , and 57.6 % ( 95 % CI , 47 % -68 % ) in the buprenorphine group ( P = .17 ) . were no statistically significant differences in HIV risk across groups ( P = .66 ) . percent of patients in the buprenorphine group ( 95 % CI , 6 % -19 % ) used inpatient addiction treatment services , whereas 37 % in the referral group ( 95 % CI , 27 % -48 % ) and 35 % in the brief intervention group ( 95 % CI , 25 % -37 % ) used inpatient addiction treatment services ( P < .001 ) . opioid-dependent patients , ED-initiated buprenorphine treatment vs brief intervention and referral significantly increased engagement in addiction treatment , reduced self-reported illicit opioid use , and decreased use of inpatient addiction treatment services but did not significantly decrease the rates of urine samples that tested positive for opioids or of HIV risk . findings require replication in other centers before widespread adoption . Identifier : NCT00913770 ."
4745,Abstract #4745,"evaluate the efficacy and safety of duloxetine in community-dwelling women > or = 65 years with stress urinary incontinence ( SUI ) or stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence ( S-MUI ) versus placebo . were randomly assigned for 12 weeks to placebo ( N = 134 ) or duloxetine ( N = 131 ) ( 20mg twice daily [ BID ] for 2 weeks and 40 mg BID for an additional 10 weeks ) , followed by a double-blind 4-week dose de-escalation/discontinuation phase . primary efficacy variable was the percent change in incontinence episode frequency ( IEF ) from baseline to endpoint . variables included absolute IEF change , responder rate , changes in mean time between voids ( MTBV ) , weekly continence pad usage , the impact of treatment on quality of life , patient 's global impression of improvement ( PGI-I ) , and changes in depression and cognition . patients had a significantly greater decrease from baseline to endpoint in mean IEF/week than placebo-treated patients ( -52.47 % vs. -36.70 % , P < 0.001 ) . IEF responder rate ( > or = 50 % reduction in IEF/week ) was 57.1 % in the duloxetine group and 35.2 % in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . benefits of duloxetine were also demonstrated for weekly continence pad usage ( P = 0.011 ) , MTBV ( P < 0.001 ) , incontinence quality of life questionnaire ( I-QOL ) scores ( P < 0.001 ) , and PGI-I ratings ( P < 0.001 ) . with depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments were few and changes were insignificant . proportion of patients with > or = 1 treatment-emergent adverse event ( TEAE ) was similar with both treatments , but dry mouth , fatigue , constipation , and hyperhidrosis were significantly more common in women taking duloxetine . is a safe and effective treatment for elderly women with symptoms of SUI or S-MUI ."
4746,Abstract #4746,"investigate the dynamics of behavioral indicators , attention and memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) treated with noofen ( capsules 250 mg ) . an open study , 50 patients were randomized to 2 equal groups : patients of group 1 were treated with noofen ( 15-20 mg/kg ( 500-700 mg ) per day perorally in 2-3 doses ) ; the control group received low doses of multivitamins . of treatment was one month . results of neuropsychological testing revealed the improvement of cognitive functions , including the indicators of self-control , sustained , directed and divided attention , acoustic-verbal memory , to the end of treatment . initial positive changes may be the basis for obtaining better clinical results during long-term treatment ."
4747,Abstract #4747,"interventions have effectively improved health outcomes among youth with diabetes in chronic poor metabolic control . study aims to determine whether multisystemic therapy ( MST ) , an intensive , home-based , tailored family treatment , was superior to weekly telephone support for improving regimen adherence and metabolic control among adolescents with chronic poor metabolic control . randomized controlled trial was conducted with 146 adolescents with types 1 or 2 diabetes . were collected at baseline , 7 months ( treatment termination ) , and 12 months ( 6 months follow-up ) . receiving MST had significantly improved metabolic control at 7 ( 1.01 % decrease ) and 12 months ( 0.74 % decrease ) compared to adolescents in telephone support . of adolescents receiving MST reported significant improvements in adolescent adherence . , adolescent-reported adherence was unchanged . improved health outcomes among adolescents with chronic poor metabolic control when compared to telephone support . approaches may provide a viable means to improve access to behavioral interventions for such youth ."
4748,Abstract #4748,"has activity as an asthma controller . , predictors of a positive response to tiotropium have not been described . sought to describe individual and differential responses of asthmatic patients to salmeterol and tiotropium when added to an inhaled corticosteroid , as well as predictors of a positive clinical response . from the double-blind , 3-way , crossover National Heart , Lung , and Blood Institute 's Asthma Clinical Research Network 's Tiotropium Bromide as an Alternative to Increased Inhaled Glucocorticoid in Patients Inadequately Controlled on a Lower Dose of Inhaled Corticosteroid ( ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00565266 ) trial were analyzed for individual and differential treatment responses to salmeterol and tiotropium and predictors of a positive response to the end points FEV1 , morning peak expiratory flow ( PEF ) , and asthma control days ( ACDs ) . approximately equal numbers of patients showed a differential response to salmeterol and tiotropium in terms of morning PEF ( n = 90 and 78 , respectively ) and ACDs ( n = 49 and 53 , respectively ) , more showed a differential response to tiotropium for FEV1 ( n = 104 ) than salmeterol ( n = 62 ) . acute response to a short-acting bronchodilator , especially albuterol , predicted a positive clinical response to tiotropium for FEV1 ( odds ratio , 4.08 ; 95 % CI , 2.00-8 .31 ; P < .001 ) and morning PEF ( odds ratio , 2.12 ; 95 % CI , 1.12-4 .01 ; P = 0.021 ) , as did a decreased FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio ( FEV1 response increased 0.39 % of baseline for every 1 % decrease in FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio ) . cholinergic tone was also a predictor , whereas ethnicity , sex , atopy , IgE level , sputum eosinophil count , fraction of exhaled nitric oxide , asthma duration , and body mass index were not . these results require confirmation , predictors of a positive clinical response to tiotropium include a positive response to albuterol and airway obstruction , factors that could help identify appropriate patients for this therapy ."
4749,Abstract #4749,"radioactive phosphorus ( phosphorus-32 ) has been used in ovarian cancer during the last three decades . the current study , the survival results , the patterns of recurrence , morbidity rates , and phosphorus-32 distribution scintigrams were reviewed in 313 patients treated with phosphorus-32 colloid . July 1982 and July 1988 , 245 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated with phosphorus-32 as primary adjuvant treatment ; 59 patients received phosphorus-32 as consolidating therapy after negative results during second-look surgery and 9 , after positive findings during second-look laparotomy . patients with negative second-look findings were assigned randomly to receive phosphorus-32 or no treatment . phosphorus-32 distribution was studied by scintigraphic imaging in 297 patients . actuarial 5-year crude survival rate was 81 % in the group treated with phosphorus-32 adjuvantly and 79 % in the group treated after second-look surgery . and disease-free survival rates were similar in both groups randomized at second-look surgery to receive either phosphorus-32 or no treatment . scintigraphy showed major isotopic accumulations in 48 ( 16 % ) patients . were two deaths ( 0.6 % ) , which , at least partly , could be attributed to the phosphorus-32 treatment . bowel obstruction without tumor recurrence occurred in 22 ( 7 % ) patients ( 13 treated surgically and 9 medically ) and was not related to any patient characteristic , including phosphorus-32 distribution . therapy was associated with a considerable number of bowel complications . occurrence of small bowel obstruction could not be predicted by any patient characteristic . an untreated observation group , the authors were unsure whether adjuvant phosphorus-32 treatment conferred a survival advantage ."
4750,Abstract #4750,"and overweight are becoming progressively more prevalent worldwide and are independently associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases . arterial hypertension is frequently found in association with obesity and contributes significantly to increased cardiovascular risk . hypothesise that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) surgery , a procedure that effectively reduces body weight , can also positively impact blood pressure control in obese and hypertensive individuals . unicentric , randomised , controlled , unblinded clinical trial . obese ( body mass index between 30 and 39.9 ) and moderately well controlled hypertensive patients , in use of at least two antihypertensive medications at maximum doses or more than two in moderate doses , will be randomly allocated , using an online , electronic and concealed method , to receive either RYGB plus optimised clinical treatment ( OCT ) or OCT alone . primary end point is the reduction of antihypertensive medication at 1 and 2 years of follow-up . analysis will primarily be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis . study was approved by the local institutional review board that works in total compliance with the latest version of the Helsinki Declaration , the Good Clinical Practices ( GCP ) , the ` America 's Document ' and the national regulatory laws . the beginning of any study-related activities , each study participant is asked to provide a signed informed consent . ."
4751,Abstract #4751,"of previous studies of rectal ketamine as a pediatric premedication are clouded because of lack of dose-response relation , inappropriate time of assessing sedative effects , and previous administration or coadministration of benzodiazepines . , the authors reevaluated the efficacy of rectally administered ketamine in comparison with 1 mg/kg rectal midazolam . infants and children ( age , 7-61 months ) who were American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and who were undergoing minor surgeries as in-patients were randomized to receive 5 mg/kg ketamine ( n = 16 ) , 7 mg/kg ketamine ( n = 16 ) , 10 mg/kg ketamine ( n = 17 ) , or 1 mg/kg midazolam ( n = 17 ) via rectum . blinded observer scored sedation 45 min and 15 min after administration of ketamine and midazolam , respectively , when children were separated from parent ( s ) for inhalational induction . children underwent standardized general anesthesia with sevoflurane , nitrous oxide , and oxygen with endotracheal intubation . pressure , heart rate , and oxyhemoglobin saturation were determined before , during , and after anesthesia . recovery characteristics and incidence of adverse reactions were also assessed . children ( 88 % ) who received rectally 10 mg/kg ketamine or 1 mg/kg midazolam separated easily from their parents compared with those ( 31 % ) who received 7 or 5 mg/kg rectal ketamine ( P < 0.05 ) . , more children who received 10 mg/kg ketamine or 1 mg/kg midazolam underwent mask induction without struggling or crying compared with those who received 7 or 5 mg/kg ketamine ( P < 0.05 ) . were no clinically significant changes in blood pressure , heart rate , and oxyhemoglobin saturation after administration of either drug . after surgery , more children receiving midazolam or 5 mg/kg ketamine were agitated compared with 7 or 10 mg/kg ketamine . , 7 and 10 mg/kg , provided postoperative analgesia , but the largest dose of ketamine was associated with delayed emergence from general anesthesia . results indicate that rectally administered ketamine alone produces dose-dependent sedative effects in children , when evaluated at its predicted peak plasma concentration . , 10 mg/kg , has a delayed onset but is as effective as 1 mg/kg midazolam for sedating healthy children before general anesthesia . , 10 mg/kg rectal ketamine is not recommended for brief surgeries because of prolonged postoperative sedation ."
4752,Abstract #4752,"study assessed the effectiveness of a prescribed weight-loss diet with 0.8 versus 1.4 g proteinkg ( -1 ) day ( -1 ) on changes in weight , body composition , indices of metabolic syndrome , and resting energy expenditure ( REE ) in overweight and obese men . were randomized to groups that consumed diets containing 750 kcal day ( -1 ) less than daily energy needs for weight maintenance with either normal protein ( NP , n = 21 ) or higher protein ( HP , n = 22 ) content for 12 weeks . macronutrient distributions of the NP and HP diets were 25:60:15 , and 25:50:25 percent energy from fat , carbohydrate , and protein , respectively . were made pre and post intervention . subjects were retrospectively subgrouped into overweight and obese groups . diet groups lost comparable body weight and fat . HP group lost less lean body mass than the NP group ( -1.9 0.3 vs. -3.0 0.4 kg ) . effects of protein and BMI status on lean body mass loss were additive . reductions in total cholesterol , HDL-C , triacylglycerol , glucose , and insulin , along with LDL-C , total cholesterol-to-HDL-C ratio , and HOMA-IR , were not statistically different between NP and HP . , macronutrient distributions of the diet did not affect the reductions in REE , and blood pressure . conclusion , energy restriction effectively improves multiple clinical indicators of cardiovascular health and glucose control , and consumption of a higher-protein diet and accomplishing weight loss when overweight versus obese help men preserve lean body mass over a short period of time ."
4753,Abstract #4753,"in body weight gain are important , and clinically significant adverse effects of several antiepileptic drugs ( AED ) including valproate and gabapentin . gain may contribute to medication non-compliance , discontinuation , and importantly , may have secondary medical implications as well . ( LEV ) is indicated for adjunctive treatment of partial seizures . objective of the present evaluation was to examine the effects of LEV treatment on body weight in adult patients . analyzed data derived from four prospective , placebo-controlled randomized , clinical trials conducted in both in the US and Europe . included in the present analysis were both men and women , greater than 16 years old , and who had LEV exposure for at least 1 month . weight was measured at baseline and at the final LEV study visit . are analyzed for all patients , by gender , body mass index ( BMI ) , duration of LEV exposure and by concomitant AED treatment . Signed Rank , or Rank Sum test used where appropriate , with significance assigned at P < 0.05 . are presented as mean values + / -1 S.D. and seventy patients ( age = 37.5 years , 54 % men/46 % women ) were evaluated . were no significant differences in baseline demographics between LEV ( n = 631 ) or placebo ( n = 339 ) treated patient groups . LEV dose and duration of treatment were 2053 mg/day ( maximum dose of 4000 mg/day ) and 125 days ( maximum = 181 days ) , respectively . AED therapy included CBZ , PHT , VPA , PB , GBP , LTG , and VGB . LEV-treated patients , no significant changes in body weight were noted . body weight at baseline versus final study visit for LEV was 74.3 + / -16.6 kg and 74.3 + / -16.6 kg , respectively . placebo-treated patients , baseline versus end of treatment weight was 72.4 + / -15.4 kg and 72.7 + / -15.9 kg , respectively , representing a slight , yet clinically trivial increase . significant weight change as defined as > 7 % change from baseline weight , occurred in 9 % of LEV-treated patients ( 4.5 % had increase in weight/4 .5 % decrease ) versus 9.4 % ( 5.9 % had increase/3 .5 % decrease ) in placebo-treated patients . changes were not significantly different between groups . baseline BMI , gender , or background AEDs , appeared to predispose to significant weight change for LEV-treated patients . conclude that treatment with LEV at clinically relevant dosages is not associated with significant weight change . would , therefore , appear to be a weight neutral AED ."
4754,Abstract #4754,"prospective randomized trial was designed to test the hypothesis that disease-free survival and overall survival are equivalent regardless of whether patients receive laparoscopic assisted colectomy ( LAC ) or open colectomy . and tertiary aims will test the safety of LAC and the impact of LAC on quality of life and costs , respectively . patients will be accrued and randomly assigned to LAC or open colectomy . adults with primary colon cancer without previous or concurrent malignancies and with tumors considered resectable for cure are eligible for enrollment . will be followed postoperatively for evidence of recurrence and for survival and perioperatively for morbidity , mortality , quality of life , and cost end points . 800 patients have been enrolled to date . trial results are available for 408 patients , 203 open and 205 LAC . anticipated , patients are evenly distributed within the two treatment arms according to age , gender , and anesthesia risk ( ASA classification ) . the open arm , the mean age is 69 with 52 percent females , 87 percent ASA I/II and 13 percent ASA III . the laparoscopic arm , the mean age is 67 , with 48 percent females , 87 percent ASA I/II , and 13 percent ASA III . total of 160 right and 117 sigmoid colectomies have been performed . of resection data is also available and all parameters tested show no difference between the LAC and open cases : for the laparoscopic vs open colectomy , total bowel length 26 cm vs 27 cm ; proximal margins 12 cm vs 11 cm ; distal margins 10 cm vs 12 cm ; mesenteric length 9 cm vs 8 cm . , the number of nodes resected for laparoscopic colectomy is essentially the same ( mean 12 lymph nodes ) to that for open surgery ( mean 13 nodes ) . this study is ongoing ; preliminary results suggest that open and LAC provide for the same extent of resection . quality of life portion of the study is now complete and data will soon be available ."
4755,Abstract #4755,"compare treatments with wavefront-optimized and topography-guided ablations . prospective , randomized , contralateral study comprised 40 eyes ( 20 patients ) with low to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism that underwent topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy ( PRK ) ( ALLEGRO Topolyzer , Alcon Laboratories Inc ) in one eye and wavefront-optimized PRK ( ALLEGRETTO WAVE software version 2.020 default treatment , Alcon Laboratories Inc ) in the fellow eye . acuity , refractive error , contrast sensitivity , and Orbscan ( Bausch & Lomb ) 3 - and 5-mm corneal irregularities were measured preoperatively and 3 and 6 months postoperatively . results were compared between the two eyes . both groups , preoperative corrected distance visual acuity ( CDVA ) ( 0.030.09 logMAR for topography-guided and 0.01 0.06 logMAR for wavefront-optimized [ P = .1 ] ) , 3-month postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity ( UDVA ) ( -0.0 1 0.03 logMAR for topography-guided and -0.01 0.03 logMAR for wavefront-optimized [ P = .4 ] ) , and 6-month postoperative UDVA ( 0.01 0.03 logMAR for topography-guided and 0.0 0.01 logMAR for wavefront-optimized [ P = .3 ] ) were the same . wavefront-optimized and 18 ( 90 % ) topography-guided eyes had UDVA of 20/20 or better . significant differences were noted between groups in pre - and postoperative spherical and cylindrical refractive errors or corneal irregularity and contrast sensitivity measurements . months postoperatively , contrast sensitivity values at 3 , 6 , 12 , and 18 cycles/degree were 5.7 0.7 , 6.0 1.5 , 6.1 1.3 , and 5.5 1.5 , respectively , in the topography-guided group , and 6.2 0.6 , 6.4 1.2 , 6.4 1.1 , and 5.8 1.3 , respectively , in the wavefront-optimized group ( P = .3 , P = .5 , P = .4 , and P = .6 , respectively ) . the WaveLight excimer laser platform for PRK , CDVA and contrast sensitivity outcomes were statistically similar between the wavefront-optimized and topography-guided ablations in eyes with low to moderate myopia with and without astigmatism ."
4756,Abstract #4756,"42 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline has been reported to reduce drinking among both heavy-drinking smokers and primary alcoholics , and this effect may be related to varenicline-mediated reduction of alcohol craving . smokers , varenicline has been reported to modulate cigarette cue-elicited brain activation in several reward-related areas . pilot study tested varenicline 's effects on drinking , alcohol craving , and alcohol cue-elicited activation of reward-related brain areas among non-treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals . such individuals ( mean age = 30 , 57 % male , 76 % heavy drinking days in the past month , 15 smokers ) were randomized to either varenicline ( titrated to 2 mg ) or placebo for 14 days , and were administered an alcohol cue reactivity fMRI task on day 14 . priori regions of interest ( ROIs ) were bilateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex ( OFC ) , right ventral striatum ( VS ) , and medial prefrontal cortex ( mPFC ) . good medication adherence , varenicline did not reduce heavy drinking days or other drinking parameters . did , however , increase self-reported control over alcohol-related thoughts and reduced cue-elicited activation bilaterally in the OFC , but not in other brain areas . data indicate that varenicline reduces alcohol craving and some of the neural substrates of alcohol cue reactivity . , varenicline effects on drinking mediated by cue-elicited brain activation and craving might be best observed among treatment-seekers motivated to reduce their alcohol consumption ."
4757,Abstract #4757,"randomized , controlled trial was performed to compare the patient complication rate , effectiveness , and satisfaction rate of transcervical hysteroscopic endometrial coagulation versus endometrial resection in the treatment for heavy dysfunctional bleeding . hundred and twenty women requiring endometrial ablation for the treatment of heavy bleeding disorders entered the study . patients were offered a clinical examination 24 months postoperatively and had a questionnaire by mail 5 years after the initial treatment . number of complications during and after the operation , re-ablations , and hysterectomies were registered . bleeding index and the patient satisfaction rate were stated . patients were treated by endometrial coagulation , and 59 were treated by endometrial resection . differences between the two groups were observed concerning fluid absorption , bleeding , perforation , and infection . the 5-year follow-up , 64 % of the patients had only one ablation , 15 % were treated twice , 15 % had a hysterectomy , and 6 % were lost to follow-up . 5 years , the bleeding index was halved in patients with menses . percent of the women would recommend the treatment to their best female friend . found no significant differences in the frequency of complications . 15 % of the women had a hysterectomy after 5 years . significant difference was observed with respect to bleeding reduction and patient satisfaction in the two groups ."
4758,Abstract #4758,"determine if preoperative heparin therapy causes an increase in the incidence of intraoperative heparin resistance by reducing the concentration of antithrombin in plasma . laboratory investigation of clinical samples . tertiary care hospital and public pathology service . patients undergoing cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass . patients received preoperative heparin therapy ( POHI group ) and 32 patients were controls ( CONT group ) . concentration of antithrombin , activated coagulation time ( ACT ) , and clinical parameters were measured at intervals . POHI patients had on-bypass heparin resistance than CONT ( 43 % and 3 % , respectively , p < 0.01 ) . POHI group had a lower concentration of antithrombin than the CONT group before ( 80.9 % and 92.6 % , respectively , p < 0.01 ) and while on cardiopulmonary bypass ( 51.6 % and 57.5 % , respectively , p = 0.04 ) . of heparin-resistant and heparin-responsive POHI patients showed that the concentration of antithrombin did not differ before bypass ( 82.4 % and 79.8 % , respectively , p = 0.53 ) or during bypass ( 51.8 % and 51.4 % , respectively , p = 0.91 ) . fact , antithrombin concentrations were slightly higher in the heparin-resistant POHI patients ( not significant ) . patients received more heparin than CONT patients ( medians 787 U/kg and 600 U/kg , respectively , p = 0.01 ) and were transfused with more fresh frozen plasma on bypass ( p = 0.03 ) . heparin causes an increased incidence of heparin resistance and reduced antithrombin concentrations . , heparin resistance was not causally related to reduced antithrombin because antithrombin concentrations were not different between heparin-resistant and heparin-responsive patients in the POHI group ."
4759,Abstract #4759,"research has found that wellness visits , recall and reminder systems , and standing orders are associated with higher rates of delivery of preventive services in primary care practices . , there is little information about how to help practices implement these processes . 6-month randomized , controlled trial comparing a multicomponent quality improvement intervention to feedback and benchmarking . clinician/nurse team from each of 24 practices was randomly assigned to one of 2 study arms . practices received performance feedback , peer-to-peer education ( academic detailing ) , a practice facilitator , and computer ( information technology ) support . of the 3 targeted processes was determined by a blinded 3-clinician panel that reviewed transcribed clinician interviews before and after intervention using performance definitions . of delivery of selected preventive services were determined by chart audit . practices implemented more of the processes than control practices overall ( P = .003 ) , for adults ( P = .05 ) , and for children ( P = .04 ) . were also more likely to implement at least one of the processes for children ( P = .04 ) and to implement standing orders for either children or adults ( P = .02 ) . rates increased significantly . clinician and practice characteristics nor clinician readiness to change predicted implementation . multicomponent implementation strategy consisting of feedback , benchmarking , academic detailing , facilitation , and IT support increased implementation of evidence-based processes for delivering preventive services to a greater extent than performance feedback and benchmarking alone ."
4760,Abstract #4760,"purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three 15-min bouts of postmeal walking with 45 min of sustained walking on 24-h glycemic control in older persons at risk for glucose intolerance . older ( 60 years of age ) participants ( N = 10 ) were recruited from the community and were nonsmoking , with a BMI < 35 kg/m2 and a fasting blood glucose concentration between 105 and 125 mg dL ( -1 ) . completed three randomly ordered exercise protocols spaced 4 weeks apart . protocol comprised a 48-h stay in a whole-room calorimeter , with the first day serving as the control day . the second day , participants engaged in either 1 ) postmeal walking for 15 min or 45 min of sustained walking performed at 2 ) 10:30 a.m. or 3 ) 4:30 p.m. All walking was on a treadmill at an absolute intensity of 3 METs . glucose concentrations were determined over 48 h with a continuous glucose monitor . utilization was measured continuously by respiratory exchange ( VCO2/VO2 ) . sustained morning walking ( 12723 vs. 11814 mg dL ( -1 ) ) and postmeal walking ( 12924 vs. 11613 mg dL ( -1 ) ) significantly improved 24-h glycemic control relative to the control day ( P < 0.05 ) . , postmeal walking was significantly ( P < 0.01 ) more effective than 45 min of sustained morning or afternoon walking in lowering 3-h postdinner glucose between the control and experimental day . , intermittent bouts of postmeal walking appear to be an effective way to control postprandial hyperglycemia in older people ."
4761,Abstract #4761,"evaluate the effectiveness of a fetal monitoring education programme on midwives ' fetal monitoring knowledge and intrapartum cardiotocograph interpretation skills . group , before-after , randomised-controlled trial . maternity hospitals in the Republic of Ireland . midwives were randomly assigned to either the experimental group ( n = 27 ) or the control group ( n = 28 ) . experimental group participated in a 1.5 hr fetal monitoring education programme , whereas the control group attended an alternative education programme consisting of a non-fetal-monitoring-related video presentation . primary outcomes of interest were fetal monitoring knowledge and intrapartum cardiotocograph interpretation skills test . the fetal monitoring knowledge post-test , the median percentage correct responses for the control and experimental groups were 56 % ( IQR 18.75 ) and 88 % ( IQR 12.5 ) , respectively . difference , 31.2 % , was statistically significant ( U = 78.5 , 95.1 % CI -31.25 to -18.75 , p < 0.001 ) . the intrapartum cardiotocograph interpretation skills post-test , the median percentage correct responses for the control and experimental groups were 55.6 % ( IQR 16.7 ) and 66.7 % ( IQR 22.2 ) , respectively . difference , of 11.1 % , was statistically significant ( U = 186 , 95.2 % CI -16.67 to -5.56 , p < 0.001 ) . at a short ( 1.5 hr ) , in-service fetal monitoring education programme can increase midwives ' fetal monitoring knowledge and cardiotocograph interpretation skills . availability of in-service fetal monitoring education programmes is sporadic , often less than recommended , and is a cause for concern ."
4762,Abstract #4762,"INTERACT pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of the protocol , safety of early intensive blood pressure ( BP ) lowering , and effects on hematoma expansion within 6hours of onset of intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) . article describes the design of the second , main phase , INTERACT2 . aims to compare the effects of a management strategy of early intensive BP lowering with a more conservative guideline-based BP management policy in patients with acute ICH . article also compares the baseline characteristics of the patients included in France with the baseline characteristics of the patients included in the pilot study INTERACT1 . is an international , prospective , multicentre , open , assessor-blinded outcome ( PROBE ) , randomised , controlled trial . with a systolic BP greater than 150mmHg are centrally randomised to either to an intensive BP lowering treatment ( Systolic BP140mmHg within 1hour ) or to a conservative treatment strategy ( target systolic BP of 180mmHg ) . projected 2800 subjects are to be enrolled from approximately 140 centres worldwide to provide 90 % power ( 0.05 ) to detect a beneficial effect of early treatment on the primary outcome . primary outcome is the combined endpoint of death and dependency according to the modified Rankin Scale ( mRS ) at 90 days . key secondary outcome is the primary endpoint in those patients treated within 4hours of ICH . predefined secondary outcomes are the separate components of the primary endpoint , grades of physical function on the mRS , health-related quality of life on the EuroQoL , recurrent stroke and other vascular events , days of hospitalisation , requirement for permanent residential care , and unexpected serious adverse events . study is registered under NCT00716079 , ISRCTN73916115 , and ACTRN12608000362392 . of early July , 152 patients have been included in France . compared with the patients randomised in the INTERACT1 pilot study , these patients are older , less likely to have had a previous ICH , more often on antiplatelet or warfarin therapy , have a lower diastolic BP , arere more severe clinically ( higher NIHSS ) and experience their first ICH ."
4763,Abstract #4763,"explore the mechanism of ginger-partitioned moxibustion in the treatment of cold-damp stagnation type primary dysmenorrhea ( PD ) patients . total of 209 PD outpatients of cold-damp stagnation type from 3 hospitals were randomized into moxibustion group ( n = 105 ) who were treated with ginger-partitioned moxibustion , and control group ( n = 104 ) who were asked to take Yueyue Shu Granules ( an effective patent drug for PD ) . moxibustion was applied to Shenque ( CV 8 ) and Guanyuan ( CV 4 ) from the menstrual onset on for the first course and 3 days before the onset for the second and third course , continuously for 3 days . and after the treatment , plasma endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) and serum nitric oxide ( NO ) contents in those patients ( n = 40/group ) and normal women ( n = 20 ) experiencing menstrual period were determined by radioimmunoassay and nitrate reductase method . the treatment , of the 105 and 104 cases in moxibustion and control groups , 58 and 32 cured , 37 and 33 markedly effective , 5 and 24 effective , 5 and 15 failed , with the effective rates being 95.24 % and 85.58 % respectively . therapeutic effect of moxibustion group was significantly better than that of control group ( P < 0.05 ) . treatment , in comparison with normal group , plasma ET-1 contents in both moxibustion and control groups were significantly higher ( P < 0.01 ) , while serum NO contents in these two groups markedly lower ( P < 0.01 ) . the treatment , self-comparison of both moxibustion and control groups showed that plasma ET-1 decreased significantly and serum NO levels in increased considerably ( P < 0.05 , P < 0.01 ) , and the therapeutic effect of moxibustion group was markedly superior than that of control group in lowering plasma ET-1 ( P < 0.01 ) . moxibustion is effective in relieving primary dysmenorrhea patients ' abdominal pain , which may be closely associated with its actions in lowering plasma ET-1 level and raising serum NO contents ."
4764,Abstract #4764,"investigate the effectiveness of low-volume plus ascorbic acid [ polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid ( PEG + Asc ) ] and high-volume plus simethicone [ polyethylene glycol plus simethicone ( PEG + Sim ) ] bowel preparations . total of one hundred and forty-four outpatients ( 76 males ) , aged from 20 to 84 years ( median age 59.5 years ) , who attended our Department , were divided into two groups , age and sex matched , and underwent colonoscopy . questionnaires , one for patients reporting acceptability and the other for endoscopists evaluating bowel cleansing effectiveness according to validated scales , were completed . , timing of examination and endoscopical findings were recorded . forceps were used as a measuring tool in order to determine polyp endoscopic size estimation . in completing the preparation was rated in a 5-point Likert scale ( 1 = easy to 5 = unable ) . experiences ( fullness , cramps , nausea , vomiting , abdominal pain , headache and insomnia ) , number of evacuations and types of activities performed during preparation ( walking or resting in bed ) were also investigated . patients were selected for each group . two groups were age and sex matched as well as being comparable in terms of medical history and drug therapies taken . patients dropped out from the trial because they did not complete the preparation procedure . of global bowel cleansing examinations were considered to be adequate in 91 % of PEG + Asc and 88 % of PEG + Sim patients . Stool Score indicated similar levels of amount and consistency of residual stool ; there was a significant difference in the percentage of bowel wall visualization in favour of PEG + Sim patients . the PEG + Sim group , 12 adenomas 10 mm diameter ( 5/left colon + 7/right colon ) vs 9 ( 8/left colon + 1/right colon ) in the PEG + Asc group were diagnosed . of small lesions seems to be one of the primary advantages of the PEG + Sim preparation . + Asc is a good alternative solution as a bowel preparation but more improvements are necessary in order to achieve the target of a perfect preparation ."
4765,Abstract #4765,"movement training can help individuals with stroke reduce arm and hand impairment , but robot therapy is typically only about as effective as conventional therapy . the way that robots assist during training may make them more effective than conventional therapy . , the authors measured the therapeutic effect of a robot that required individuals with a stroke to achieve virtual tasks in three dimensions against gravity . robot continuously estimated how much assistance patients needed to perform the tasks and provided slightly less assistance than needed to reduce patient slacking . with a chronic stroke ( n = 26 ; baseline upper limb Fugl-Meyer score , 23 8 ) were randomized into two groups and underwent 24 one-hour training sessions over 2 mos . group received the assist-as-needed robot training and the other received conventional tabletop therapy with the supervision of a physical therapist . helped both groups significantly reduce their motor impairment , as measured by the primary outcome measure , the Fugl-Meyer score , but the improvement was small ( 3.0 4.9 points for robot therapy vs. 0.9 1.7 for conventional therapy ) . was a trend for greater reduction for the robot-trained group ( P = 0.07 ) . robot group largely sustained this gain at the 3-mo follow-up . robot-trained group also experienced significant improvements in Box and Blocks score and hand grip strength , whereas the control group did not , but these improvements were not sustained at follow-up . addition , the robot-trained group showed a trend toward greater improvement in sensory function , as measured by the Nottingham Sensory Test ( P = 0.06 ) . results suggest that in patients with chronic stroke and moderate-severe deficits , assisting in three-dimensional virtual tasks with an assist-as-needed controller may make robotic training more effective than conventional tabletop training ."
4766,Abstract #4766,"is used to reduce pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS ) , although it is not approved for this indication and solid evidence is lacking . Doppler ultrasound is one of the best methods for prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome . objectives of the study were to investigate the following : 1 ) whether metformin treatment influenced the midpregnancy pulsatility index ( PI ) of the uterine artery ; 2 ) whether metabolic or endocrine factors affect the PI of the uterine artery of PCOS women ; and 3 ) whether PI predicted adverse pregnancy outcome in PCOS woman . is a substudy of a randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind , multicenter study conducted at 11 secondary care centers . randomly assigned 273 pregnancies to receive metformin or placebo , from the first trimester of pregnancy to delivery . the present substudy , 231 pregnancies are included , ie , those who completed the ultrasound examinations . PI in the uterine artery related to metformin use , androgen levels , an oral glucose tolerance test , and insulin levels was measured . found no difference in the PI between the metformin and placebo groups . multivariate analyses , fasting serum glucose of the first and second trimester correlated positively to the midpregnancy PI . in univariate analyses a weak correlation between androstenedione and PI was seen . treatment did not affect uterine artery blood flow , measured by PI . fasting blood glucose correlated inversely to uterine artery blood flow . midpregnancy PI correlated positively to preeclampsia , hypertension , and gestational diabetes mellitus in PCOS pregnancies . levels correlated only to PI in univariate analyses ."
4767,Abstract #4767,"assess prevalence and predictive factors of viro-immunological discordant trends in a cohort of heavily pretreated patients . associated with viro-immunological discordant trends either as categorical or continuous measures have been studied in 159 heavily pretreated HIV-positive patients from a multicentre prospective study of real - vs. virtual-phenotype . and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess risk factors for categorical discordant responses , ceasing follow-up at week 32 since enough patients had been on the original drug combination for a sufficient amount of time to evaluate their immune response . linear regression analysis was performed over the entire 48 weeks ' follow-up considering CD4 and plasma viral load ( pVL ) as continuous measures . 58 virological responder patients ( > or = 1 log10 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL decrease ) and 101 virologically non-responders , immunological discordances ( increase in CD4 count of < or > or = 100 cells/microL ) were observed in 58.6 % and 38.6 % , respectively . CD4 count was associated with discordant responses in both groups . linear regression over the entire 48 weeks ' follow-up demonstrated significant correlation between absolute decrease in pVL and increase in CD4 count ( HR 28.06 , 95 % CI 35.32-20 .79 ; P < 0.001 ) , also the use of protease inhibitors ( PIs ) in the salvage regimen ( HR 36.57 , 95 % CI 15.45-57 .68 ; P < 0.001 ) and > 8 months on treatment ( HR 41.64 , 95 % CI 19.27-64 .01 ; P < 0.001 ) correlated with highly significant immune recovery . data confirm that therapy , possibly including PIs , should be continued in heavily pretreated patients and that hard-to-reach pVL undetectability is not essential to obtain immunologic recovery ; however , this is strongly increased by the degree of pVL reduction that should be achieved ."
4768,Abstract #4768,"was introduced for smoking cessation following a pivotal trial showing that it gave improved efficacy over the nicotine patch and also suggesting combination treatment was beneficial . tested in clinical practice for an effectiveness difference between bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) , whether the combination improves effectiveness and whether either treatment might be more beneficial for certain subgroups of smokers . randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up . UK National Health Service ( NHS ) smoking cessation clinics . ( n = 1071 ) received seven weekly behavioural support sessions and were randomized to an NRT product of their choice ( n = 418 ) , bupropion ( n = 409 ) or NRT plus bupropion ( n = 244 ) . primary outcome was self-reported cessation over 6 months , with biochemical verification at 1 and 6 months . measured were baseline demographics , health history , smoking characteristics and unwanted events during treatment . rates for bupropion ( 27.9 % ) and NRT ( 24.2 % ) were not significantly different ( odds ratio = 1.21 , 95 % confidence interval = 0.883-1 .67 ) , and the combination rate ( 24.2 % ) was similar to that for either treatment alone . was some evidence that the relative effectiveness of bupropion and NRT differed according to depression ( ( 2 ) = 2.86 , P = 0.091 ) , with bupropion appearing more beneficial than NRT in those with a history of depression ( 29.8 versus 18.5 % ) . unwanted symptoms were more common with bupropion . is no difference in smoking cessation effectiveness among bupropion , nicotine replacement therapy and their combination when used with behavioural support in clinical practice . is some evidence that bupropion is more beneficial than nicotine replacement therapy for smokers with a history of depression ."
4769,Abstract #4769,"interleukin ( IL ) -6 levels correlate with disease outcomes in renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ) patients . , a chimeric , murine-human mAb against IL-6 , was evaluated in a three-part phase I/II study in patients with progressive metastatic RCC . part 1 , 11 patients received 1 , 3 , 6 , or 12mgkg - at weeks 1 , 4 and q2w 2 thereafter ; in part 2 , 37 patients randomly received 3 or 6 mgkg - q3w 4 ; in part 3 , 20 low-risk patients received 6mgkg - q2w 6 . WHO response criteria were assessed at weeks 7 , 11 , the 6-week follow-up , and when clinically indicated . was well tolerated overall , with no maximum tolerated dose or immune response observed . all , 5 out of 11 , 17 out of 37 , and 9 out of 20 patients in parts 1 , 2 , and 3 , respectively , received extended treatment beyond 4-6 initial infusions . part 2 , stable disease ( SD ) ( 11weeks ) or better was achieved by 11 out of 17 ( 65 % ) 3 mgkg - treated patients ( one partial response ( PR ) ~ 8 months , 10 SD ) and 10 out of 20 ( 50 % ) 6mgkg - treated patients ( 10 SD ) . part 3 , documented complete or PR was not observed , but 13 out of 20 ( 65 % ) patients achieved SD . stabilised disease in > 50 % of progressive metastatic RCC patients . PR was observed . the favourable safety profile of siltuximab and poor correlation of tumour shrinkage with clinical benefit demonstrated for other non-cytotoxic therapies , further evaluation of dose-escalation strategies and/or combination therapy may be considered for patients with RCC ."
4770,Abstract #4770,"data from a previously published 12-week randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled multicentre study on the efficacy and safety of pregabalin were analyzed for time to onset of analgesic action with neuropathic pain . total of 338 patients with postherpetic neuralgia or painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy were treated with flexible or fixed regimens of pregabalin at daily doses of up to 600 mg/day ( n = 141 and 132 , respectively ) or placebo ( n = 65 ) . fixed dose treatment , a decrease of one full point on the 11-point numerical rating pain scale was reached on day 1 , two full points on day 13 , and three full points on day 23 ( under flexible dose pregabalin : on days 6 , 17 and 30 ) . both treatment arms , pain reduction was statistically significant ( P = 0.001 , P = 0.002 vs placebo , respectively ) . patients with chronic neuropathic pain , the analgesic effect of both pregabalin treatment regimens was high and associated with a rapid time to onset ."
4771,Abstract #4771,"moss absolute , an extract from the lichen Evernia prunastri , is a valued perfume ingredient but contains extreme allergens . compare the elicitation properties of two preparations of oak moss absolute : ` classic oak moss ' , the historically used preparation , and ` new oak moss ' , with reduced contents of the major allergens atranol and chloroatranol . two preparations were compared in randomized double-blinded repeated open application tests and serial dilution patch tests in 30 oak moss-sensitive volunteers and 30 non-allergic control subjects . both test models , new oak moss elicited significantly less allergic contact dermatitis in oak moss-sensitive subjects than classic oak moss . control subjects did not react to either of the preparations . oak moss is still a fragrance allergen , but elicits less allergic contact dermatitis in previously oak moss-sensitized individuals , suggesting that new oak moss is less allergenic to non-sensitized individuals ."
4772,Abstract #4772,"investigate the effects of maxillary protraction combined with repetitive rapid palatal expansions and constrictions ( RPE/C ) vs. rapid palatal expansion ( RPE ) alone using cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) . four subjects with maxillary retrusion were recruited and block randomized into either the control group ( n = 12 ) or the RPE/C ( n = 12 ) group . protraction after RPE . group : facemask protraction after RPE/C . reconstruction , landmarks identifying , superimposition and cephalometric analysis were performed to compare the pre-treatment and post - treatment CBCT images . subject in the RPE/C group was lost to follow up during the treatment . moved forward [ ( 2.51.0 ) mm ] after maxillary protraction with RPE/C , which was significantly greater than that in the control group [ ( 1.60.8 ) mm ] ( P < 0.05 ) . distance of basion to subspinale ( Ba-A ) increased [ ( 3.11.0 ) mm ] in the RPE/C group , which was significantly greater than that in the control group [ ( 2.2 0.9 ) mm ] ( P < 0.05 ) . amount of forward movement of upper first molars was significantly greater in the RPE/C group ( P < 0.05 ) . protraction with RPE/C might positively affect the forward movement of maxilla compared with the RPE alone protocol with the early treatment of maxillary retrusion patients ."
4773,Abstract #4773,", a new powered toothbrush has been marketed with a design that fundamentally differs from other marketed powered toothbrushes , in that it incorporates a round oscillating head , in conjunction with fixed bristles . objective of this study was to compare the plaque removal efficacy of a control manual toothbrush ( Lion Dentor Systema ) to this experimental powered toothbrush ( Crest SpinBrush ) following a single use . study was a randomized , controlled , examiner-blind , 4-period crossover design which examined plaque removal with the two toothbrushes following a single use in 36 subjects . was scored before and after brushing using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Index . plaque scores were 2.90 for the experimental toothbrush and 2.95 for the control toothbrush treatment groups . respect to all surfaces examined , the experimental toothbrush delivered an adjusted ( via analysis of covariance ) mean difference between baseline and post-brushing plaque scores of 0.70 while the control toothbrush delivered an adjusted mean difference of 0.54 . difference between treatment groups was statistically significant ( P < 0.001 ) . experimental toothbrush removed , on average , 29.6 % more plaque than the control toothbrush . respect to buccal surfaces , the experimental toothbrush delivered an adjusted mean difference between baseline and post-brushing plaque scores of 1.09 while the control toothbrush delivered an adjusted mean difference of 0.90 . difference between treatment groups was also statistically significant ( P = 0.001 ) and represents , on average , 21.1 % more plaque removal with the experimental toothbrush . on lingual surfaces also demonstrated statistically significantly ( P < 0.001 ) greater plaque removal for the experimental toothbrush with an average of 83.3 % more plaque removal ."
4774,Abstract #4774,"success of gait rehabilitation after stroke depends on active walking exercises . , the disabling after-effects of stroke often make such exercises impossible at the onset of therapy . facilitate treadmill training of paraparetic patients , a robot-driven gait orthosis ( Lokomat ) was developed . investigated the effects of the Lokomat when used with hemiparetic patients . authors conducted a randomized , controlled pilot study of 30 acute stroke survivors . treatment group received 30 minutes of robotic training daily and the control group 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy daily in addition to 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy for each group . measures were independence of gait , gait speed , gait parameters , and body tissue composition . 4 weeks of therapy , the walking ability of the Lokomat group and the control group expressed as the functional ambulation classification was significantly improved . functional ambulation category ( median + / - interquartile range ) was at baseline 0 + / -0 in control and 0 + / -1 in the therapy group and increased after therapy to 1 + / -3 in both groups significantly ( P = 0.01 ) . was no significant difference in gain of these parameters between the groups . Lokomat group had a significantly longer single stance phase ( sec ; mean + / - SEM ) on the paretic leg when walking on the floor . baseline , it was 0.19 + / -0.17 and after therapy 0.49 + / -0.07 ( P = 0.014 ) . control group had increased their body weight approximately 1.33 + / -1.40 kg ( mean + / - SEM ; P = 0.046 ) , mostly as fat mass , whereas the Lokomat group had lost fat mass approximately -2.9 + / -1.0 kg ( mean + / - SEM ; P = 0.016 ) and increased their muscle mass approximately 3.36 + / -1.4 kg ( mean + / - SEM ; P = 0.031 ) . pilot study indicates that Lokomat therapy is a promising intervention for gait rehabilitation . there was no difference between groups in gain of functional scores , the Lokomat group showed an advantage of robotic training over conventional physiotherapy in improvement of gait abnormality and body tissue composition ."
4775,Abstract #4775,"safety of fexofenadine has been examined extensively in adults and school-age children . , the safety of fexofenadine in children younger than 6 years has not been reported to date . compare the safety and tolerability of twice-daily fexofenadine hydrochloride , 30 mg , and placebo in preschool children aged 2 to 5 years with allergic rhinitis . was a multicenter , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study , conducted between February 29 , 2000 , and June 14 , 2001 . were randomized to either fexofenadine hydrochloride , 30 mg , or placebo twice daily for a 2-week period . facilitate dosing , capsule content was mixed with applesauce ( approximately 10 mL ) . assessments depended on date of entry into the study because of an amendment to the protocol . the amendment , assessments included physical examination , vital signs reporting ( oral temperature , heart rate , and respiratory rate ) , and adverse event ( AE ) reporting . the amendment , safety assessments included laboratory testing ( blood chemistry and hematology profiles ) , physical examination , 12-lead electrocardiography , and vital signs ( oral temperature , blood pressure , heart rate , and respiratory rate ) and AE reporting . AEs were observed in 116 of 231 participants receiving placebo and 111 of 222 receiving fexofenadine . AEs were possibly related to study medication in 19 ( 8.2 % ) and 21 ( 9.5 % ) of the participants receiving placebo and fexofenadine , respectively , and most frequently involved the digestive system . clinically relevant differences in laboratory measures , vital signs , and physical examinations were observed . findings show that fexofenadine hydrochloride , 30 mg , is well tolerated and has a good safety profile in children aged 2 to 5 years with allergic rhinitis ."
4776,Abstract #4776,"androgen suppression results in a tumor response/remission in the majority of patients with carcinoma of the prostate , its potential value as an adjuvant has not been substantiated . 1987 , the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group ( RTOG ) initiated a randomized phase III trial of adjuvant goserelin in definitively irradiated patients with carcinoma of the prostate . total of 977 patients had been accessioned to the study . these , 945 remained analyzable : 477 on the adjuvant arm and 468 on the observation arm . projections show that at 5 years , 84 % of patients on the adjuvant goserelin arm and 71 % on the observation arm remain without evidence of local recurrence ( P < .0001 ) . corresponding figures for freedom from distant metastases and disease-free survival are 83 % versus 70 % ( P < .001 ) and 60 % and 44 % ( P < .0001 ) . prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) level greater than 1.5 ng is included as a failure ( after > or = 1 year ) , the 5-year disease-free survival rate on the adjuvant goserelin arm is 53 % versus 20 % on the observation arm ( P < .0001 ) . 5-year survival rate ( for the entire population ) is 75 % on the adjuvant arm versus 71 % on the observation arm ( P = .52 ) . , in patients with centrally reviewed tumors with a Gleason score of 8 to 10 , the difference in actuarial 5-year survival ( 66 % on the adjuvant goserelin arm v 55 % on the observation arm ) reaches statistical significance ( P = .03 ) . of androgen suppression as an adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy has been associated with a highly significant improvement in local control and freedom from disease progression . this point , with a median follow-up time of 4.5 years , a significant improvement in survival has been observed only in patients with centrally reviewed tumors with a Gleason score of 8 to 10 ."
4777,Abstract #4777,"evaluate the effects of peritoneal cold nebulization of ropivacaine on pain control after gynecologic laparoscopy . obtained from a properly designed , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial ( Canadian Task Force classification I ) . care center . hundred thirty-five women with American Society of Anesthesiologists disease classified as ASA I-III who were scheduled to undergo operative laparoscopy . were randomized to receive either nebulization of 30 mg ropivacaine before surgery ( preoperative group ) , nebulization of 30 mg ropivacaine after surgery ( postoperative group ) , instillation of 100 mg ropivacaine before surgery ( instillation group ) , or instillation of saline solution ( control group ) . was performed using the Aeroneb Pro device . scores , morphine consumption , and ambulation time were collected in the post-anesthesia care unit and at 4 , 6 , and 24 hours postoperatively . hundred eighteen patients completed the study . in the preoperative group reported lower pain Numeric Ranking Scale values compared with those in the control group ( net difference 2 points ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.3-3 .1 at 4 hours , 1-3 at 6 hours , and 0.7-3 at 24 hours ; p = .01 ) Patients in the preoperative group consumed significantly less morphine than did those in the control group ( net difference 7 mg ; 95 % CI , 0.7-13 ; p = .02 ) . patients who received nebulization walked without assistance within 12 hours after awakening than did those in the instillation and control groups ( net difference 15 % ; 95 % CI , 6 % -24 % ; p = .001 ) . nebulization of ropivacaine before surgery reduced postoperative pain and morphine consumption and was associated with earlier walking without assistance ."
4778,Abstract #4778,"with persistent mild to moderate bronchial asthma require anti-inflammatory therapy . to current treatment guidelines both sodium cromoglycate ( SCG ) and inhaled corticosteroids can be used . children remain symptomatic despite regular SCG therapy , corticosteroids are the next therapeutic option . determine whether combined SCG and fluticasone ( inhaled corticosteroid ) therapy is of additional benefit in children who are symptomatic on SCG compared with simply switching to fluticasone . with mild or moderate persistent asthma aged 6 to 16 years who had been treated with inhaled SCG for at least 3 months prior to the study received either 2 mg SCG four times daily from a metered dose inhaler plus fluticasone propionate powder 50 microg b.i.d. from the Diskus inhaler ( group FS ) or fluticasone 50 microg b.i.d. only ( group F ) . randomised , controlled , parallel-group study had a 2 week run-in phase and an 8 week treatment period . and evening peak expiratory flow rates ( PEFR ) were measured daily by patients and recorded in diaries . symptoms , use of rescue medication and spirometry were also documented . from 21 study centres recruited 124 children with asthma , of whom 104 fulfilled randomisation criteria and were allocated to study medication . PEFR increased by 47 l/min and by 45 l/min after 8 weeks of treatment in groups F and FS , respectively . adjusted difference between groups was 0.84 % of predicted ( 95 % CI , -7.3 to 5.6 , p = 0.80 ) . symptoms and lung function also improved with no significant differences between treatment groups ( p > 0.24 ) . and severity of adverse events was similar in both groups . children who are symptomatic while taking sodium cromoglycate four times daily , the combination of inhaled fluticasone and SCG is not superior to fluticasone alone . can safely be withdrawn when commencing fluticasone , thus facilitating asthma treatment ."
4779,Abstract #4779,"open-label , randomised , multicentre study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of indomethacin capsules and ketoprofen controlled-release capsules in the symptomatic treatment of coxarthrosis . out-patients were enrolled : 57 were assigned to receive indomethacin 50 mg twice daily and 56 ketoprofen 200 mg once daily for 4 weeks . and ketoprofen proved equally effective in relieving osteoarticular pain and stiffness and in improving the quality of life of patients . was essentially no difference as to gastrointestinal adverse events which occurred in 25 % of patients on indomethacin and in 27 % of those on ketoprofen . caused more non-gastrointestinal untoward effects , especially CNS effects ( headache and dizziness : 11 % ) which were not observed with ketoprofen . was discontinued because of adverse events in a larger proportion of patients ( 20 % ) than ketoprofen ( 11 % ) ."
4780,Abstract #4780,"purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test the efficacy of an educational intervention on renal recipient 's knowledge , compliance , self-efficacy , and quality of life . total , 159 renal recipients were randomized to the intervention ( N = 77 ) or control group ( N = 82 ) . total of 139 participants reached second measure point ( 7-8 wk post-Tx ) , and 120 participants reached third measure point ( six months post-Tx ) . intervention consisted of five tailored one-to-one sessions . outcome was measured by a knowledge questionnaire . outcomes were measured by `` The General - Self-efficacy Scale , '' SF-12 and by number of patient observations ( Compliance ) . higher levels of knowledge were found in the experimental group compared with the control group at both measure points ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.004 ) . was significantly higher in the experimental group at second measure point ( p = 0.000 ) . third measure point , the experimental group reported significantly better scores on self-efficacy ( p = 0.036 ) and mental score of quality of life ( p = 0.001 ) . structured , tailored educational intervention , applied in a 7-8 wk post-transplant period , increased renal recipients ' levels of knowledge on both short and long terms . , the intervention was beneficial for patients ' compliance , self-efficacy , and mental quality of life ."
4781,Abstract #4781,"chemoradiotherapy ( CRT ) is an alternative to surgery for the curative treatment of oesophageal carcinoma . SCOPE1 trial aimed to investigate the addition of cetuximab to cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine-based definitive CRT in patients with localised oesophageal squamous-cell cancer and adenocarcinomas to assess activity , safety , and feasibility of use . this multicentre , randomised , open-label , phase 2/3 trial , we recruited patients aged 18 years and older from UK radiotherapy centres who had non-metastatic , histologically confirmed carcinoma of the oesophagus ( adenocarcinoma , squamous-cell , or undifferentiated ; WHO status 0-1 ; stage I-III disease ) and been selected to receive definitive CRT . were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) via a central computerised system using stratified minimisation ( with an 80:20 random element ) to receive CRT alone or CRT with cetuximab ( 400 mg/m ( 2 ) on day 1 followed by 250 mg/m ( 2 ) weekly ) , stratified by recruiting hospital , primary reason for not having surgery , tumour histology , and tumour stage . consisted of cisplatin 60 mg/m ( 2 ) ( day 1 ) and capecitabine 625 mg/m ( 2 ) twice daily ( days 1-21 ) for four cycles ; cycles three and four were given concurrently with 50 Gy in 25 fractions of radiotherapy . primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who were treatment failure free at week 24 for the phase 2 trial and overall survival for the phase 3 trial , both measured from randomisation . analysed data by intention to treat . trial is an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial , number 47718479 . patients ( 129 assigned to each treatment group ) from 36 UK centres were recruited between Feb 7 , 2008 , and Feb 22 , 2012 . was stopped without continuation to phase 3 because the trial met criteria for futility , but we continued to follow-up recruited patients until all had reached at least 24-week follow-up ( median follow-up of patients who survived was 16.8 months [ IQR 11.2-24 .5 ] ) . patients were treatment failure free at 24 weeks in the CRT plus cetuximab group ( 79 of 119 patients [ 664 % , 90 % CI 586-736 ] ) than in the CRT only group ( 93 of 121 patients [ 76.9 % , 69.7-83 .0 ] ) . CRT plus cetuximab group also had shorter median overall survival ( 22.1 months [ 95 % CI 15.1-24 .5 ] vs 25.4 months [ 20.5-37 .9 ] ; adjusted HR 1.53 [ 95 % CI 1.03-2 .27 ] ; p = 0.035 ) . who received CRT plus cetuximab had more non-haematological grade 3 or 4 toxicities ( 102 [ 79 % ] of 129 patients vs 81 [ 63 % ] of 129 patients ; p = 0.004 ) . most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities were low white blood cell count ( 14 [ 11 % ] in the CRT plus cetuximab group vs 21 [ 16 % ] in the CRT only group ) , low absolute neutrophil count ( 15 [ 12 % ] vs 24 [ 19 % ] ) , fatigue ( 26 [ 20 % ] vs 25 [ 19 % ] ) , and dysphagia ( 35 [ 27 % ] vs 37 [ 29 % ] ) . addition of cetuximab to standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy can not be recommended for patients with oesophageal cancer suitable for definitive CRT . Research UK ."
4782,Abstract #4782,"of a positive screening test is necessary to reap the potential benefits of cancer screening . variation in follow-through diagnostic care may underlie a proportion of the known disparity in prostate cancer mortality . authors used data from the screening arm of the Prostate , Lung , Colorectal , and Ovarian ( PLCO ) cancer screening trial to determine whether race is associated with the use of follow-up diagnostic testing after a positive initial screening evaluation . who had a prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) level > 4 ng/mL at any time during the study were included . proportion of men who underwent follow-up evaluation with a repeat PSA , a prostate biopsy , or either test within 9 months was determined , and the authors tested for differences in follow-through according to race using mixed-effects multivariate models with a random effect for accrual site to account for clustering . were stratified according to age ( < 65 years and 65 years ) . 6294 men who had a PSA elevation during the study period , 70 % underwent a repeat PSA or prostate biopsy within 9 months . black men aged < 65 years had 45 % lower odds of undergoing a repeat PSA test or prostate biopsy compared with non-Hispanic white men ( odds ratio , 0.55 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.37-0 .82 ) , whereas there was no racial difference in follow-through among older men . current results suggest that limitations in access to care among non-Hispanic black men under the age of Medicare eligibility may underlie the paradoxically low use of follow-through diagnostic care among non-Hispanic black men in the United States ."
4783,Abstract #4783,"investigate the effects of rhubarb powder on serum complement 3 ( C3 ) , complement 4 ( C4 ) , and hypersensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) levels in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage ( HICH ) after operation . inpatients with HICH after operation were recruited from Department of Cerebral Surgery , Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2009 to March 2010 . were randomly assigned to the treatment group ( 20 cases ) and the control group ( 20 cases ) . the 4th day after surgery , all patients received routine Western medical treatment . rhubarb powder , 5-10 g dissolving in 40 mL warm water , was administered or nasally fed to those in the treatment group , 2 -3 times daily for 10 successive days . contents of serum C3 , C4 , and hs-CRP were detected in the two groups on the 7th day and the 14th day after operation . serum hs-CRP content was detected using latex particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay . Scandinavia Stroke Scale ( SSS ) scores were recorded in the two groups . with the same group on the 4th day after operation , the levels of serum C3 and C4 increased on the 7th day after operation , and SSS score increased on the 14th day after operation in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . contents of C4 and hs-CRP decreased , and the SSS score increased on the 14th day after operation in the treatment group ( P < 0.05 ) . with the same group on the 7th day after operation , the contents of C4 and hs-CRP decreased and the SSS score increased on the 14th day after operation in the treatment group ( P < 0.05 ) . with the control group at the same time points , the contents of C4 and C3 decreased on the 7th day after operation ; the contents of C3 , C4 , and hs-CRP decreased , and SSS score increased in the treatment group on the 14th day after operation ( P < 0.05 ) . rhubarb powder could significantly decrease the serum levels of C3 , C4 , and hs-CRP , and improve the curative effect in patients with HICH after operation ."
4784,Abstract #4784,"has been reported that hyperglycemia following hypoglycemia produces an ischemia-reperfusion-like effect in type 1 diabetes . this study the possibility that GLP-1 has a protective effect on this phenomenon has been tested . type 1 diabetic patients underwent to five experiments : a period of two hours of hypoglycemia followed by two hours of normo-glycemia or hyperglycemia with the concomitant infusion of GLP-1 or vitamin C or both . baseline , after 2 and 4 hours , glycemia , plasma nitrotyrosine , plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2alpha , sCAM-1a , IL-6 and flow mediated vasodilation were measured . 2 h of hypoglycemia , flow mediated vasodilation significantly decreased , while sICAM-1 , 8-iso-PGF2a , nitrotyrosine and IL-6 significantly increased . recovering with normoglycemia was accompanied by a significant improvement of endothelial dysfunction , oxidative stress and inflammation , a period of hyperglycemia after hypoglycemia worsens all these parameters . effects were counterbalanced by GLP-1 and better by vitamin C , while the simultaneous infusion of both almost completely abolished the effect of hyperglycemia post hypoglycemia . study shows that GLP-1 infusion , during induced hyperglycemia post hypoglycemia , reduces the generation of oxidative stress and inflammation , improving the endothelial dysfunction , in type 1 diabetes . , the data support that vitamin C and GLP-1 may have an additive protective effect in such condition ."
4785,Abstract #4785,"studies of glycemic control in non-neurologic ICU patients have shown conflicting results . purpose was to investigate whether intensive insulin therapy ( IIT ) to keep blood glucose levels from 80 to 110 mg/dl or conventional treatment to keep levels less than 151 mg/dl was associated with a reduction of mortality and improved functional outcome in critically ill neurologic patients . 24 h of ICU admission , mechanically ventilated adult neurologic patients were enrolled after written informed consent and randomized to intensive or conventional control of blood glucose levels with insulin . outcome measure was death within 3 months . outcome measures included 90-day modified Rankin scale ( mRS ) score , ICU , and hospital LOS . patients were enrolled . proportion of deaths was higher among IIT patients but this was not statistically significant ( 36 vs. 25 % , P = 0.34 ) . good versus poor outcome at 3 months was dichotomized to mRS score 0-2 versus 3-6 , respectively , there was no difference in outcome between the two groups ( 76.2 vs. 75 % had a poor 3-month outcome , P = 1.0 ) . was also no difference in ICU or hospital LOS . ( < 60 mg/dl ) and severe hypoglycemia ( < 40 mg/dl ) were more common in the intensive arm ( 48 vs. 11 % , P = 0.0006 ; and 4 vs. 0 % , P = 0.5 , respectively ) . was no benefit to IIT in this small critically ill neurologic population . is the first glycemic control study to specifically examine both critically ill stroke and traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) patients and functional outcome . these results , IIT can not be recommended over conventional control ."
4786,Abstract #4786,"telephone care management has shown promise as a cost-effective approach to manage patients with depression , there is little evidence on the effectiveness of this method for Medicaid beneficiaries in managed care . study examines a 1-year telephone care management intervention designed to help this low-income , hard-to-reach population enter and remain engaged with treatment . randomized controlled trial of 499 Rhode Island Medicaid managed care beneficiaries with depression ( all parents , average age of 35 , and 90 % women ) . managers conducted telephonic outreach with the intervention group to establish a relationship , initiate treatment , make referrals for in-person psychotherapy and/or medication treatment , and monitor treatment progress . control group received usual care and was given a referral list of providers participating in the Medicaid program . outcomes were the use of health services and depression severity at 6 and 18 months . claims provided information on medical and mental health services use . of sample members provided information on depression severity . controlling for sociodemographic characteristics was done to assess the effectiveness of providing care management . managers contacted 91 % of those assigned to the intervention group . intervention was effective in enrolling participants into mental health services ( 42 % in intervention group vs 31 % in control ; P = .05 ) , but did not successfully reduce average depression severity . intervention 's lack of success in reducing depression severity for Medicaid beneficiaries suggests the need for more intensive interventions that strengthen telephone care management and potentially include in-person components as well ."
4787,Abstract #4787,"alfa , which has a much longer half-life than recombinant human erythropoietin , is used to treat renal anemia . , there are few reports investigating the efficacy of darbepoetin alfa administered every 2 weeks ( Q2W ) . performed the single-center , prospective , and randomized study in chronic hemodialysis patients . stable patients on hemodialysis were recruited , and darbepoetin alfa 15-40 microg/week was administered intravenously once a week ( QW ) to achieve a hemoglobin ( Hb ) level of 10.5-12 .0 g/dl for 8 weeks prior to randomization . patients were randomly assigned to 2 different dosing frequency groups : once a week ( QW ) or every 2 weeks ( Q2W ) . switched to a double dose in the Q2W group . measured Hb level every 2 weeks and administered darbepoetin alfa to achieve an Hb level of 10.5-11 .5 g/dl . primary endpoints were the weekly dose of darbepoetin alfa administered at week 24 . assigned 19 and 20 patients into QW and Q2W , respectively . were no significant differences between the groups in Hb , transferrin saturation , ferritin , and weekly dose of darbepoetin alfa at end of the baseline period . was no significant difference in Hb level at week 24 , at which time the weekly dose requirement and dose per dry body weight were much higher in the Q2W than in the QW group . of darbepoetin alfa Q2W could maintain Hb level similarly to to that obtained QW , but we did not confirm efficiency at a higher dose requirement or blood pressure elevation ."
4788,Abstract #4788,"electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) at either an acupoint or dermatome corresponding to the surgical incision produces comparable decreases in postoperative opioid requirements and opioid-related side effects . , the effect of the frequency of the electrical stimulus on the postoperative analgesic response to TENS therapy has not been studied . hundred women undergoing major gynecological procedures with a standardized general anesthetic technique were enrolled in the study . were randomly assigned to four groups : group I , patient-controlled analgesia ( PCA ) plus sham TENS ( no stimulation ) ; group II , PCA plus low-frequency ( 2-Hz ) TENS ; group m , PCA plus high-frequency ( 100-Hz ) TENS ; group IV , PCA plus mixed-frequency ( 2 - and 100-Hz ) TENS . PCA device was programmed to deliver 2-3 mg intravenous boluses of morphine with a lockout interval of 10 min . TENS device was used every 2 h during the day . 100-mm visual analog scales were used to assess pain , sedation , fatigue , and nausea at specific intervals after surgery . frequency ( 2 and 100 Hz ) of stimulation decreased morphine requirements by 53 % compared with the sham group ; low ( 2-Hz ) and high ( 100-Hz ) frequencies produced 32 % and 35 % decreases , respectively . three `` active '' TENS groups reduced the duration of PCA therapy , as well as the incidence of nausea , dizziness , and itching . decreased postoperative opioid analgesic requirements and opioid-related side effects when utilized as an adjunct to PCA after lower abdominal surgery . of TENS at mixed ( 2 - and 100-Hz ) frequencies of stimulation produced a slightly greater opioid-sparing effect than either low ( 2-Hz ) or high ( 100 Hz ) frequencies alone ."
4789,Abstract #4789,"evaluate the possible protective effects of misoprostol on renal function in hospitalized elderly patients treated with indomethacin . hospitalized elderly patients ( > 65 years old ) who required therapy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAID ) were randomly assigned to receive either indomethacin , 150 mg/day ( Group A ) , or indomethacin 150 mg/day plus misoprostol at 0.6 mg/day ( Group B ) . variables of renal function [ serum creatinine , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and electrolytes ] were evaluated before initiation of therapy and every 2 days , until termination of the study ( a period of at least 6 days ) . to treatment was estimated by the visual analog scale for severity of pain . patients completed the study , 22 in Group A and 20 in Group B. BUN and creatinine increased by > 50 % of baseline levels in 54 and 45 % of Group A patients , respectively , compared to only 20 and 10 % of Group B patients ( p < 0.05 ) . ( K ) increment of 0.6 mEq/l or more was observed in 50 % of Group A , but in only 15 % of Group B patients ( p < 0.05 ) . mean increments in BUN , creatinine , and K were reduced by 63 , 80 , and 42 % , respectively , in Group B patients compared to Group A. Response to treatment did not differ significantly between the 2 groups . elderly patients are at risk for developing indomethacin related renal dysfunction . of misoprostol can minimize this renal impairment without affecting pain control ."
4790,Abstract #4790,"study the clinical efficacy and the incremental cost-effectiveness of albendazole in improving the nutritional status of pre-school children . blind , placebo-controlled trial with child as the unit of randomization . the Anganwadi centers of the Integrated Child Development Services situated in the urban slums of Lucknow , North India . Anganwadi centers were randomly selected for the trial . were registered resident children between 1.5 to 3.5 years of age with informed and written parental consent . intervention group received 600 mg of albendazole powder every six months while the placebo group received same quantity of calcium powder . children were contacted once in six months from January 1995 to 1997 and given treatment . outcome measure were change in the proportion of underweight ( weight for age < -2.00 z ) , stunted ( height for age < -2.00 z ) children and the cost per child prevented from becoming stunted . were 610 and 451 children in the albendazole and placebo groups , respectively . age at recruitment was 31.8 months ( SD : 9.7 ) . and compliance in both the groups was > 95 % . the 2 year follow-up , the proportion of stunted children increased by 11.44 % and 2.06 % in the placebo and albendazole groups , respectively , and the difference was 9.38 % ( 95 % CI 6.01 % to 12.75 % ; p value < 0.0001 ) . fecal smear was positive for the ova of ascaris in 41.2 % and 55.3 % children in the albendazole and placebo groups , respectively at the end of the study ( p value < 0.001 ) . annual family expenditure on illness in the recruited child was Rs . ( SD : 662 ) and Rs . ( SD : 609 ) in the albendazole and the placebo groups , respectively . incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was Rs 543.00 for each case of stunting prevented with albendazole . was no difference in the various morbidity or cognitive performance , as judged by the revised Denver prescreening questionnaire , in both the groups at enrollment as well as at the end of the study . monthly albendazole reduces the risk of stunting with a small increase in the expenditure on health care from the payer 's perspective . trials are needed to study the effect of albendazole on prevention of stunting , cognitive functions and all-cause childhood mortality ."
4791,Abstract #4791,"evaluate the efficacy of clarithromycin alone in comparison with the combination of clarithromycin and cefuroxime in the treatment of nonhospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP ) in a Mediterranean population . was defined as the acute onset of fever ( > 38 degrees C ) with pulmonary opacity on chest roentgenogram . American Thoracic Society ( ATS ) criteria ( 1993 ) were used to decide on patient hospitalization . subjects , of whom 53 ( 59 % ) were men , with a mean age ( + / - SD ) of 38 + / -15 years , were randomized : 45 received clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. orally for 14 days ( CL group ) , and 45 received clarithromycin plus cefuroxime 500 mg b.i.d. orally for 7 days ( CLCE group ) . were monitored with clinical , radiological , and laboratory controls at 3 and 21 days . were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to demographic , clinical , physical and laboratory data . mean time to defervescence was 2.4 + / -1.4 and 2.4 + / -1.5 days , respectively . roentgenogram clearance was complete in all cases , without statistically significant differences in the time to resolution between both arms . effects were mild ( no significant differences between groups ) : 5 patients in the CL group and 3 in the CLCE group showed gastrointestinal symptoms . patients ( 2.2 % ) , both in the CLCE group , needed hospital admission during follow-up , but all 90 patients showed an excellent outcome . causative agent was determined in 25 cases ( 28 % ) . pneumophila , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were the most frequent pathogens . treatment of outpatient CAP with clarithromycin can be considered adequate in the Mediterranean area , independently of the microbiological etiology . criteria for admitting patients with CAP are appropriate in this population ."
4792,Abstract #4792,"investigate the efficacy of biscuits fortified with different doses of vitamin A on improving vitamin A deficiency ( VAD ) , anaemia and physical growth of pre-school children . randomised double-masked population-based field interventional trial with a positive control group . district of Chongqing , China . total of 580 pre-school children aged 3-6 years were randomly recruited into four groups . in groups I and II were given biscuits fortified with vitamin A at 30 % of the recommended daily intake ( RDA ) and 100 % of the RDA once a day for 9 and 3 months , respectively . in group III received biscuits containing 20,000 IU of vitamin A once a week for 3 months . , the children in group IV received a 200,000 IU vitamin A capsule just once . the beginning and end of the study , blood samples were collected to measure Hb , serum retinol , retinol-binding protein and prealbumin , and weight and height were measured . the fortification types significantly decreased the prevalence of VAD and anaemia in each group ( P < 0.05 ) . effect of 9-month intervention on group I was the most efficient ( P < 0.0045 ) . intervention , the Z-scores of height-for-age , weight-for-age and weight-for-height in all groups increased markedly compared with baseline ( P < 0.05 ) , but no significant difference was observed among the groups . indicated that consuming vitamin A-fortified biscuits with daily 100 % RDA for 3 months has the same effect on the improvement of VAD , anaemia and physical growth as did the weekly 20,000 IU and single 200,000 IU administration in pre-school children ."
4793,Abstract #4793,"evaluate the role of optic capture in eyes having cataract extraction , anterior vitrectomy , and intraocular lens ( IOL ) implantation for congenital cataract . Cataract & IOL Research Centre , Ahmedabad , India . prospective study comprised 40 eyes of 28 children , whose mean age was 26.08 months ( range 4 to 55 months ) . posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis , anterior vitrectomy , and IOL implantation were performed in all eyes . were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups of 20 each : in 1 group , optic capture would be used and in the other , the noncapture technique . optic capture was achieved in 14 eyes , and 26 eyes had no optic capture . follow-up was 16.53 months ( range 5 to 24 months ) . Student t test and chi-square test were used for statistical analyses . eyes in both groups maintained a clear visual axis . eye in the optic-capture group developed a membrane in front of the IOL that required a secondary procedure . synechia formation was significantly greater in the optic-capture group ( P = .04 ) , as were deposits on the IOL optic ( P = .0086 ) . all eyes in both groups maintained a clinically centered IOL , geometric decentration was more common in the no-capture group ( P = .0000 ) . capture resulted in better IOL centration but predisposed the eye to an increased uveal inflammatory response ."
4794,Abstract #4794,"pneumatic compression ( IPC ) devices have been widely used for thrombosis prophylaxis in laparoscopic colorectal surgery . , periodic compression using an IPC device may inject augmented boluses of cool blood from the lower limbs into the central circulation repetitively , thereby causing a reduction in core temperature . authors therefore conducted a prospective , randomized , double-blind , controlled study to compare the effects of intraoperative IPC on core temperature in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery . this study , 56 patients ages 18-60 years and scheduled to undergo laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive either no IPC ( control group ) or calf-thigh-length IPC in both legs using the SCD Express ( IPC group ) . , thermal , and pneumoperitoneum management were standardized . temperature , as an indicator of core temperature , was measured at 15-min intervals for 2 h after induction of anesthesia . total of 47 subjects ( 23 control and 24 IPC subjects ) were included in the analysis . core temperature drop in the IPC group was significantly greater than in the control group , starting from 45 min after induction of anesthesia ( P < 0.05 ) . a result , the total temperature drop during the 2-h study period was significantly greater in the IPC group ( 1.2 0.3 C ) than in the control group ( 0.9 0.3 C ) ( P = 0.004 ) . intraoperative application of IPC carries an increased risk of a core temperature drop , appropriate temperature monitoring and active thermal management are required for surgical patients receiving IPC ."
4795,Abstract #4795,"studied the effect of pioglitazone on insulin levels , inflammation markers , high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) composition and subclasses distribution , in young women with uncomplicated systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) . double-blind trial included 30 premenopausal women ( 30 8 years old ) with SLE , who were randomized to pioglitazone ( 30mg/day ) or placebo treatment for 3 months . and HDL lipids were determined by colorimetric enzymatic assays , insulin by radioimmunometric assay , inflammation by immunonephelometry and HDL size and subclasses distribution by a native 4-30 % polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis . with placebo , pioglitazone significantly increased HDL-cholesterol plasma levels ( 14.2 % ) , reduced fasting insulin plasma levels ( 23.6 % ) and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance ( 31.7 % ) . protein ( 70.9 % ) and serum amyloid A ( 34.9 % ) were also significantly reduced with the pioglitazone use , whereas the HDL particle size was increased ( 8.80 nm vs. 8.95 nm ; p = 0.044 ) by changes in the distribution of HDL ( 2b ) , HDL ( 3b ) , and HDL ( 3c ) subclasses . change in HDL size correlated with a rise in free and cholesterol-ester content in the HDL particles . significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity , reduced inflammation , and modified HDL characteristics , suggesting a potential beneficial effect of this drug in patients with SLE with a risk to develop cardiovascular disease . trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration System , with the number NCT01322308 ."
4796,Abstract #4796,"is an anticonvulsant drug that has analgesic properties for acute postoperative pain . , the analgesic effect of gabapentin as an antiepileptic prophylactic drug on patients undergoing craniotomy is unclear . this study , we evaluated the postoperative effectiveness of gabapentin on acute postoperative pain when it is used for antiepileptic prophylaxis in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial tumor resection . patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial tumor resection were randomly assigned into two groups . in Group G ( n = 40 ) received oral gabapentin ( 3 x 400 mg ) , and patients in Group P ( n = 40 ) received oral phenytoin ( 3 x 100 mg ) for 7 days before the operation and postoperatively . identical anesthesia protocol was performed for both the groups . was maintained with propofol and remifentanil infusion . analgesia with morphine was used , and pain levels were measured . antiepileptic-related side effects , anesthetic consumption , duration of anesthesia and surgery , tracheal extubation time , postoperative pain scores , morphine consumption , and sedation scores were recorded . patients in Group G and 38 patients in Group P completed the study . the preoperative period in Group G , one patient had severe fatigue , one had severe dizziness , and one patient 's surgical procedure was changed . median plasma levels of gabapentin were 34 micromol/mL ( range , 23-51 micromol/mL ) in 34 patients . Group P , one patient withdrew from the study preoperatively and one developed transient neurological symptoms postoperatively . demographic data and mean duration of anesthesia and surgery were similar in both the groups . total propofol and remifentanil consumption in Group G ( 1847 + / - 548 mg/3034 + / - 1334 microg ) was significantly less than that of Group P ( 2293 + / - 580 mg/4287 + / - 1282 microg ) ( P = 0.01 ) . , tracheal extubation could be done earlier in Group P ( 4.5 + / - 2 min ) than in Group G ( 16.6 + / - 22 min ) ( P < 0.001 ) . scores were significantly higher in Group P at 15 min , 30 min , and 1 h ( P < 0.001 ) . total morphine consumption was also significantly higher in Group P ( 33 + / - 17 mg vs 24 + / - 19 mg ) ( P = 0.01 ) . postoperative sedation scores were significantly higher in Group G at 15 min , 30 min , 1 h , and 2 h ( P < 0.001 ) . administration of gabapentin to patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial tumor resection was effective for acute postoperative pain . also decreased analgesic consumption after surgery . , it may lead to side effects such as delayed tracheal extubation and increased sedation postoperatively ."
4797,Abstract #4797,"among Schistosoma haematobium , anemia , and iron deficiency have been documented , and all have been found to be associated with a decline in school attendance and lower performance . assess the effect of single or combined iron and multiple micronutrients and/or praziquantel on school attendance and achievement in randomly selected 7 - to 12-year-old anemic children with documented S. haematobium infection ( n = 406 ) in Mali over a 3-month period . infection was diagnosed by the presence of schistosome eggs in the urine . blood samples ( 5 mL ) were drawn from an antecubital vein for hemoglobin assessment . were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups : praziquantel alone , praziquantel + iron , praziquantel + multiple micronutrients , and praziquantel + multiple micronutrients + iron . attendance was defined by the number of days the child was absent from class . was defined by the child 's overall school grades . within treatment groups from baseline to the end of study were found for attendance ( p < .001 ) but not for achievement ( p > .05 ) . supplement treatments by age group interactions were found in 7 - to 9-year-old children for attendance . exploration of treatment effects in this age group showed that only iron treatment 's main effect was significant on attendance ( p = .049 ) and was of borderline significance on school grades ( p = .08 ) . praziquantel and iron treatment improved children 's school attendance and performance better than praziquantel alone , particularly among younger children ."
4798,Abstract #4798,"determine the effect of trophic feeding on clinical outcome in ill preterm infants . randomised , controlled , prospective study of 100 preterm infants , weighing less than 1750 g at birth and requiring ventilatory support and parenteral nutrition , was performed . TF ( 48 infants ) received trophic feeding from day 3 ( 0.5-1 ml/h ) along with parenteral nutrition until ventilatory support finished . C ( 52 infants ) received parenteral nutrition alone . Nutritive '' milk feeding was then introduced to both groups . outcomes measured included total energy intake and growth over the first six postnatal weeks , sepsis incidence , liver function , milk tolerance , duration of respiratory support , duration of hospital stay and complication incidence . were well matched for birthweight , gestation and CRIB scores . in group TF had significantly greater energy intake , mean difference 41.4 ( 95 % confidence interval 9 , 73.7 ) kcal/kg p = 0.02 ; weight gain , 130 ( CI 1 , 250 ) g p = 0.02 ; head circumference gain , mean difference 0.7 ( CI 0.1 , 1.3 ) cm , p = 0.04 ; fewer episodes of culture confirmed sepsis , mean difference -0.7 ( -1.3 , -0.2 ) episodes , p = 0.04 ; less parenteral nutrition , mean difference -11.5 ( CI -20 , -3 ) days , p = 0.03 ; tolerated full milk feeds ( 165 ml/kg/day ) earlier , mean difference -11.2 ( CI -19 , -3 ) days , p = 0.03 ; reduced requirement for supplemental oxygen , mean difference -22.4 ( CI-41 .5 , -3.3 ) days , p = 0.02 ; and were discharged home earlier , mean difference -22.1 ( CI -42.1 , -2.2 ) days , p = 0.04 . was no significant difference in the relative risk of any complication . feeding improves clinical outcome in ill preterm infants requiring parenteral nutrition ."
4799,Abstract #4799,"test whether a single large dose of vitamin D2 can improve endothelial function in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels . , parallel group , placebo-controlled randomized trial . single dose of 100,000 IU vitamin D2 or placebo was administered to patients with Type 2 diabetes over the winter , when levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D were likely to be lowest . were enrolled if their baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was < 50 nmol/l . function and blood pressure were measured and fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and 8 weeks after administration of vitamin D. per cent of subjects screened had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels < 50 nmol/l . subjects completed the study , with a mean age of 64 years and a baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 38.3 nmol/l . D supplementation increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels by 15.3 nmol/l relative to placebo and significantly improved flow mediated vasodilatation ( FMD ) of the brachial artery by 2.3 % . improvement in FMD remained significant after adjusting for changes in blood pressure . D supplementation significantly decreased systolic blood pressure by 14 mmHg compared with placebo ; this did not correlate with change in FMD . D insufficiency is common in patients with Type 2 diabetes during winter in Scotland . single large dose of oral vitamin D2 improves endothelial function in patients with Type 2 diabetes and vitamin D insufficiency ."
4800,Abstract #4800,"study the effects of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin and pravastatin , two inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) reductase . separate randomised , double-blind , two-phase , crossover studies with identical study design were carried out . each study , 12 healthy volunteers were given a 4-day pretreatment with oral fluconazole ( 400 mg on day 1 and 200 mg on days 2-4 ) or placebo , according to a randomisation schedule . day 4 , a single oral dose of 40 mg fluvastatin ( study I ) or 40 mg pravastatin ( study II ) was administered orally . concentrations of fluvastatin , pravastatin and fluconazole were measured over 24 h. study 1 , fluconazole increased the mean area under the plasma fluvastatin concentration-time curve ( AUC0-infinity ) by 84 % ( P < 0.01 ) , the mean elimination half-life ( t1/2 ) of fluvastatin by 80 % ( P < 0.01 ) and its mean peak plasma concentration ( Cmax ) by 44 % ( P < 0.05 ) . study II , fluconazole had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of pravastatin . has a significant interaction with fluvastatin . mechanism of the increased plasma concentrations and prolonged elimination of fluvastatin is probably inhibition of the CYP2C9-mediated metabolism of fluvastatin by fluconazole . should be taken if fluconazole or other potent inhibitors of CYP2C9 are prescribed to patients using fluvastatin . , pravastatin is not susceptible to interactions with fluconazole or other potent CYP2C9 inhibitors ."
4801,Abstract #4801,"phase III randomized trial was activated to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy as compared to preoperative radiation therapy alone , in patients with breast cancer presenting with a clinical stage of IIb-IIIa ( TNM classification ) . 1985 to 1990 , 271 patients , aged 27-55 years , with stage IIb-IIIa breast cancer were randomized to receive either one or two courses of thiotepa 20 mg ( i.m. injection ) on the days 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 ( total dose per course 120 mg ) , methotrexate 40 mg/m2 , i.v. on days 1 and 8 , and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 , i.v. on days 1 and 8 ( TMF regimen ) plus radiotherapy ( Group I , 137 patients ) , or preoperative radiation therapy only ( Group II , 134 patients ) . the preoperative treatment all patients underwent mastectomy and complete axillary clearance , and then received 4-6 courses of TMF . trial was conducted in a single institution ( N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology , St. Petersburg ) . assessment of the mastectomy specimens showed complete regression of the tumour in 29.1 % of the patients in group I and in 19.4 % of the patients e.c. in group II . estimated 5-year overall survival percentages were 86.1 % for group I , and 78.3 % for group II ( P > 0.05 ) . disease-free survival percentages were 81.0 % and 71.6 % , respectively ( p < 0.05 ) . the low number of the patients included in the trial , we were able to detect a significant improvement in treatment results with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy given prior to mastectomy over those of local therapy alone with radiation therapy followed by mastectomy , for average - and high-risk patients with operable breast cancer ."
4802,Abstract #4802,"new technique of circular stapler for the treatment of hemorrhoids has shown early promise in terms of minimal or no postoperative pain , early discharge from hospital , and quick return to work . study was designed to compare stapled technique with the well-accepted conventional Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy . fulfilling the selection criteria , 84 patients were randomly allocated to the stapled ( n = 42 ) or open group ( n = 42 ) . patients were operated on under spinal anesthesia . 2 techniques were evaluated with respect to the operative time , pain scores , complications , day of discharge , return to work , and level of satisfaction . mean age of patients was 46.02 years ( SD , 12.33 ) in the stapled group and 48.64 years ( 14.57 ) in the open group . III or IV hemorrhoids were more common in men ( ie , 80.9 % and 85.7 % in the stapled and open group , respectively ) . mean operative time was shorter in the stapled group 24.28 minutes ( 4.25 ) versus 45.21 minutes ( 5.36 ) in the Milligan-Morgan group ( P < .001 ) . blood loss , pain scores and requirement of analgesics was significantly less in the stapled group . hospital stay was 1.24 days ( 0.62 ) and 2.76 days ( 1.01 ) ( P < .001 ) in the stapled and open group , respectively . patients in the stapled group returned to work or routine activities earlier ( ie , within 8.12 days [ 2.48 ] ) as compared with 17.62 ( 5.59 ) in the open group . 88.1 % of patients were satisfied by the open method compared with 97.6 % after the stapled technique . median follow-up period was 11 months with a maximum follow-up of 19 months ( range 2-19 months ) . hemorrhoidectomy is a safe and effective day-care procedure for the treatment of grade III and grade IV hemorrhoids . ensures lesser postoperative pain , early discharge , less time off work , complications similar to the open technique , and in the end a more satisfied patient with no perianal wound . , more such randomized trials are essential to deny any long-term complication ."
4803,Abstract #4803,"limitations , altered cardiac autonomic activity , and psychological distress are known disorders in chronic hemodialysis ( HD ) patients , relating to increased morbidity and mortality . aim of this study was to examine the influence of an exercise training program on emotional parameters and heart rate variability ( HRV ) indices , as well as to determine whether emotional stress contributes to autonomic dysfunction in these patients . HD patients were randomly assigned into group A ( 24 patients , aged 46.3 + / -11.2 years ) , who participated in a 1-year intradialytic exercise training program and group B ( 20 patients , aged 45.8 + / -10.8 years ) , who were used as controls . baseline and a year after , measures of HRV were obtained for the estimation of standard deviation of RR intervals , the mean square successive differences , percentage of RR intervals differing by more than 50 ms from the preceding RR interval ( pNN50 ) , and low to high frequency components . parameters ( Beck Depression Inventory - BDI and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS ) were also assessed by validated questionnaires . , all patients performed a spiroergometric study for the estimation of VO2peak . baseline , all measurements were similar in the two groups and remained almost unchanged after a year in group B. a year of training , VO2peak increased from 16.79 + / -5.24 to 22.33 + / -4.90 ml/kg per min ( P < 0.001 ) in group A. Trained patients also showed an increase in standard deviation of RR intervals by 58.8 % ( P < 0.001 ) , the mean square successive differences by 68.1 % ( P < 0.001 ) , pNN50 by 23.5 % ( P < 0.001 ) , and a low to high frequency ratio by 17.3 % ( P < 0.001 ) . , at the end of the study , group A showed a decrease in BDI score by 34.5 % ( P < 0.001 ) and HADS by 23.9 % ( P < 0.001 ) . correlation revealed significant inverse correlation among depression ( in BDI and HADS ) and HRV indices before and after exercise training . autonomic modulation seemed to be sensitive to the experience of persistent depression in HD patients . , exercise training reduced emotional distress and concomitantly improved HRV ."
4804,Abstract #4804,"tested the efficacy of a sexual risk-reduction intervention for men in South Africa , where heterosexual exposure is the main mode of HIV transmission . of neighborhoods in Eastern Cape Province , South Africa , were randomly selected and within pairs randomized to 1 of 2 interventions based on social cognitive theory and qualitative research : HIV/sexually transmitted infection ( STI ) risk-reduction , targeting condom use , or attention-matched control , targeting health issues unrelated to sexual risks . active men aged 18 to 45 years were eligible . primary outcome was consistent condom use in the past 3 months . 1181 participants , 1106 ( 93.6 % ) completed the 12-month follow-up . and STI risk-reduction participants had higher odds of reporting consistent condom use ( odds ratio [ OR ] = 1.32 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 1.03 , 1.71 ) and condom use at last vaginal intercourse ( OR = 1.40 ; 95 % CI = 1.08 , 1.82 ) than did attention-control participants , adjusting for baseline prevalence . differences were observed on unprotected intercourse or multiple partnerships . did not differ for sex with steady as opposed to casual partners . interventions specifically targeting men can contribute to efforts to reduce sexual risk behaviors in South Africa ."
4805,Abstract #4805,"controversies exist regarding the superiority of double-bundle ( DB ) posterior cruciate ligament ( PCL ) reconstruction versus single-bundle ( SB ) reconstruction , although DB reconstruction has been shown to restore the intact knee kinematics more closely than SB reconstruction . PCL reconstruction will present better results than SB reconstruction in postoperative outcomes . controlled trial ; Level of evidence , 2 . authors prospectively analyzed 25 cases of SB reconstruction and 28 cases of DB reconstruction using Achilles tendon allograft with a minimum 2-year follow-up . compared preoperative and postoperative range of motion , posterior stability by posterior stress radiography , Tegner activity score , Lysholm score , and International Knee Documentation Committee ( IKDC ) subjective knee evaluation form and knee examination form between the 2 groups . was no difference in range of motion , Tegner activity score , Lysholm score , and IKDC subjective knee evaluation form between the 2 groups at last follow-up . side-to-side difference in posterior translation significantly improved in both groups . was no preoperative difference in posterior instability between the groups but a significant difference at last follow-up . the IKDC knee examination form , the DB reconstruction group presented better results in grade distribution . DB reconstruction for PCL ruptures using the Achilles allograft showed better results in posterior stability and IKDC knee examination form than the SB reconstruction did . the difference of 1.4 mm in posterior stability was statistically significant , it is unclear that DB reconstruction is definitely superior to SB reconstruction clinically and functionally because there was no difference in the subjective scores ."
4806,Abstract #4806,"work provides a reference for future papers originating from this study by providing basic results on body mass , urine volume , and hemodynamic changes to 5 days of bed rest ( BR ) and by describing acute cardio-respiratory/mechanographic responses to a short versatile upright exercise battery . male subjects ( mean SEM age : 29.4 1.5 years ; height : 178.8 1.5 cm ; body mass : 77.7 1.5 kg ) performed , in random order , 5 days of 6 head-down tilt ( HDT ) BR with no exercise ( CON ) , or BR with daily 25 minutes of quiet upright standing ( STA ) or upright locomotion replacement training ( LRT ) . volume , exercise capacity and orthostatic tolerance decreased similarly between interventions following 5 days of BR . heart rate during LRT and STA increased throughout BR ; from 137 4 bpm to 146 4 bpm for LRT ( P < 0.01 ) ; and from 90 3 bpm to 102 6 bpm ( P < 0.001 ) for STA . overall similarity in the response to BR , and increase in upright heart rate during the LRT sessions suggest early and advancing cardiovascular deconditioning during 5 days of BR bed rest , which was not prevented by the versatile exercise regime ."
4807,Abstract #4807,"is a gap in the literature regarding learning outcomes linked to the use of high-fidelity simulators compared to that of traditional teaching methods . examine the effect of using high-fidelity simulators on knowledge and skills acquisition and retention with university students . randomized two-arm trial using two different educational approaches on 90 nursing students assigned randomly to two groups was used at two points of time . results showed significant differences in favor of the participants in the high-fidelity simulator group on both the acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills over time . , a significant loss of cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and skills occurred at 3 months after training in both groups . findings of this study may assist educators in integrating high-fidelity simulators in education and training . addition , the findings may help nursing educators to arrange additional cardiopulmonary resuscitation training sessions in order to improve cardiac arrested patients ' outcomes . simulation ( HFS ) provides students with interactive learning experiences in a safe controlled environment . enables teachers to implement critical clinical scenarios , such as cardiac arrest , without risk to patients . the simulation training into nursing curricula will help to overcome the challenges that face many courses , specifically the shortage of clinical areas for training and the increase in numbers of nursing students ."
4808,Abstract #4808,"assess the cost-effectiveness of a primary care based intervention aimed at increasing levels of physical activity in inactive people aged 45-74 . total of 714 inactive people aged 45-74 , taken from two west London general practices , were randomised into two groups . subjects were invited to a consultation with an exercise development officer , and offered a personalised 10 week programme to increase their level of regular physical activity , combining leisure centre and home based activities . subjects were sent information on local leisure centres . subjects were followed up at eight months . was a net 10.6 % ( 95 % confidence interval 4.5 to 16.9 % ) reduction in the proportion of people classified as sedentary in the intervention group compared with the control group , eight months after the intervention . intervention group also reported an increase in the mean number of episodes of physical activity per week , as compared with the control group ( an additional 1.52 episodes ( 95 % confidence interval 1.14 to 1.95 ) ) . cost of moving a person out of the sedentary group was shown to be less than 650 Pounds . cost of moving someone to the now commonly recommended level was estimated at almost 2500 Pounds . physical activity can be successfully encouraged in previously sedentary men and women aged 45-74 through a primary care based intervention . process of recruitment was the most important variable cost . high uptake rate would maximise cost-effectiveness , and sensitivity analysis suggests that unit costs could be halved with a more effective recruitment strategy ."
4809,Abstract #4809,"evaluate the refractive outcome of cataract patients 3 months postoperatively using optical biometry obtained with a prototype version ( axial length measurement , ALM , Carl Zeiss Jena ) of the commercial partial coherence interferometry ( PCI ) instrument ( IOLMaster , Carl Zeiss Jena ) . of Ophthalmology , Vienna General Hospital , and Institute of Medical Physics , University of Vienna , Austria . patients with age-related cataract in both eyes were scheduled for bilateral cataract surgery . length was measured preoperatively with a prototype ( ALM ) of the commercial PCI instrument as well as with immersion ultrasound ( IUS ) . US was performed by a single experienced investigator . each patient , the first eye was randomly assigned to receive an intraocular lens ( IOL ) using the Holladay IOL power formula based on ALM or IUS biometry . other biometric technique was used in the contralateral eye . refractive outcome was assessed 3 months postoperatively . outcomes with the 2 techniques did not differ significantly ( P = .28 ) . mean numerical error ( MNE ) ( the difference between the refractive outcome 3 months postoperatively and the predicted spherical equivalent ) was 0.13 diopter ( D ) and 0.03 D for the ALM and IUS , respectively . mean absolute error ( MAE ) ( the absolute value of MNE ) was 0.48 D ( range 0.00 to 1.58 D ) and 0.46 D ( range 0.01 to 1.92 D ) with the ALM and IUS , respectively . recalculating the surgeon factor retrospectively to correct the Holladay formula to obtain a postoperative MNE of zero , a theoretical MAE of 0.46 D was obtained with both biometry techniques . outcome in cataract patients using PCI biometry was as good as that achieved with optimized IUS . , the difference in axial length measured by the ALM compared to that measured by IUS must be considered when using the IOL A-constants supplied by the manufacturers ."
4810,Abstract #4810,"decades of tobacco use decline among the general population in the United States , tobacco use among low-income populations continues to be a major public health concern . rates are higher among individuals with less than a high school education , those with no health insurance , and among individuals living below the federal poverty level . these disparities , smoking cessation treatments for low-income populations have not been extensively tested . the current study , the efficacy of 2 adjunctive smoking cessation interventions was evaluated among low-income smokers who were seen in a primary care setting . total of 846 participants were randomly assigned either to motivational enhancement treatment plus brief physician advice and 8 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) or to standard care , which consisted of brief physician advice and 8 weeks of NRT . smoking abstinence was at 1 , 2 , 6 , and 12 months following baseline . use of the nicotine patch , telephone counseling , and positive decisional balance were predictive of increased abstinence rates , and elevated stress levels and temptation to smoke in both social/habit and negative affect situations decreased abstinence rates across time . showed intervention effects on smoking temptations , length of patch use , and number of telephone contacts . intervention effects on abstinence rates were not significant , after adjusting for model predictors and selection bias due to perirandomization attrition . therapeutic approaches that promote use of and adherence to medications for quitting smoking and that target stress management and reducing negative affect may enhance smoking cessation among low-income smokers ."
4811,Abstract #4811,"improves walking distance and quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease ( PAD ) . study assessed the vascular and biochemical effects of cilostazol therapy in PAD patients . patients were prospectively recruited to a randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled trial . clinical data were recorded . assessment included measurement of arterial compliance , transcutaneous oxygenation , ankle-brachial index ( ABI ) , and treadmill walking distance . analyses included a full blood panel , coagulation screen , urea and electrolytes , liver function tests , estimated glomerular filtration rate , and lipid profiles . of life indices were recorded using validated generic and walking-specific questionnaires . tests were performed at baseline , 6 , and 24 weeks . patients ( 53 men ) were recruited from December 2004 to January 2006 . cilostazol group had a significant reduction in the augmentation index compared with the placebo group at 6 weeks ( 19.7 % vs 26.7 % , P = .001 ) and at 24 weeks ( 19.7 % vs 27.7 % , P = .005 ) . paradoxic reduction in transcutaneous oxygenation levels was identified in the cilostazol group for the left foot at 6 weeks and for the right foot at both 6 and 24 weeks . ABIs were not significantly different between treatment groups at baseline , 6 weeks , or 24 weeks for the left and right lower limbs . mean percentage change in walking distance from baseline improved more markedly in the cilostazol compared with the placebo group for absolute claudication distance at 6 ( 78.6 % vs 26.4 % , P = .20 ) and 24 weeks ( 173.1 % vs 92.1 % , P = .27 ) ; however , these failed to reach significance . improvements in lipid profiles were demonstrated with cilostazol therapy at 6 weeks ( triglycerides , high-density lipoprotein [ HDL ] ) and at 24 weeks ( cholesterol , triglycerides , HDL , and low-density lipoprotein ) . cilostazol treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in the Short Form-36 ( physical functioning , physical component score ) , Walking Impairment ( distance and speed ) , and Vascular Quality of Life ( pain ) indices at 6 and 24 weeks . cilostazol was associated with side effects in approximately one-third of patients , most settled within 6 weeks , facilitating the continuation of therapy in > 89 % . is a well-tolerated , safe , and efficacious treatment for PAD patients . not only improves patients ' symptomatology and quality of life but also appears to have beneficial effects on arterial compliance , possibly through its lipid-lowering property ."
4812,Abstract #4812,"evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 dosages of cevimeline for the treatment of xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with Sjgren 's syndrome . 12-week double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was performed . were randomly assigned to receive either placebo , 15 mg of cevimeline 3 times daily , or 30 mg of cevimeline 3 times daily . were evaluated at baseline and throughout the study for their global assessment of dryness ( mouth , eyes , overall ) as well as their subjective assessment of the specific symptoms of dry mouth and dry eyes . saliva and tear flow also were measured . taking 30 mg of cevimeline 3 times daily had statistically significant improvements in their subjective global assessment of dry eyes ( P = 0.0453 ) , dry mouth ( P = 0.0004 ) , and increased salivary flow ( P = 0.007 ) . receiving the 30-mg dosage also showed greater objective improvement ( increased salivary and lacrimal flow rates , as measured by Schirmer 's test ) than did patients receiving placebo . reported adverse events included headache , increased sweating , abdominal pain , and nausea . with cevimeline at a dosage of 30 mg 3 times daily resulted in substantive improvement by increasing the rate of saliva and tear flow in patients with Sjgren 's syndrome , as well as improving subjective symptoms of dry mouth , dry eyes , and overall dryness . 15-mg dosage relieved some symptoms , and both dosages were well tolerated ."
4813,Abstract #4813,"immunosuppressive induction therapy has been shown to markedly reduce the incidence of acute rejection episodes without increasing the incidence of infectious complications after liver transplantation . , the use of polyclonal antibody preparations ( e.g. antithymocyte globulin [ ATG ] ) is associated with side effects such as fever and tachycardia . evaluate the efficacy and the safety of a monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-2 receptor ( BT563 ) in comparison with ATG as part of a quadruple induction regimen , a prospective , randomized study was conducted . consecutive adult recipients of primary orthotopic liver transplants were randomized to receive either BT563 ( 10 mg/day ; days 0-12 ; n = 39 ) or ATG ( 5 mg/kg/day ; days 0-6 ; n = 41 ) in addition to the standard immunosuppressive protocol consisting of cyclosporine , and prednisolone , and azathioprine . treated with BT563 had a significantly lower incidence of steroid-sensitive rejection episodes ( 3 vs. 11 ; P < 0.025 ) and also significantly fewer drug-related side effects ( 4 vs. 18 , P < 0.038 ) when compared with patients treated with ATG . incidence of infectious complications was not different between the two groups . survival did not differ significantly between the two groups ( 84.6 % at 1 , 2 , and 3 years in the BT563 group and 90.2 % at 1 year and 87.8 % at 2 and 3 years for the ATG group ) . of graft function showed an advantage for the BT563 group in terms of postoperative bilirubin levels . , no differences were observed in long-term follow-up between the two groups . results indicate that treatment with anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody as part of quadruple induction therapy after orthotopic liver transplantation is safe and effective and shows fewer steroid-sensitive rejection episodes as well as fewer side effects when compared with quadruple induction therapy including ATG ."
4814,Abstract #4814,"evaluate the effect of food on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone . a randomized , open-label , period-balanced , single-dose , crossover study , rosiglitazone 2 mg was administered to 12 healthy male volunteers either in the fasting state or following a standard high-fat breakfast . primary end points of the study were AUC ( 0-inf ) and Cmax . oral doses of rosiglitazone were safe and well tolerated . exposure to rosiglitazone was unaffected by food . geometric mean ratio of AUC ( 0-inf ) in the fed : fasted regimens was 0.94 ( 95 % CI : 0.82 , 1.06 ) ; t1/2 was unaffected . of rosiglitazone in the fed state was more gradual and sustained than in the fasted state . was reduced by approximately 20 % ( point estimate 0.80 ; 95 % CI 0.65 to 0.97 ) and tmax was modestly delayed in the fed state . data support dosing guidelines that will permit the administration of rosiglitazone without regard to meals for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus ."
4815,Abstract #4815,"with recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular malformations are a challenge to treat . investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of thalidomide for refractory bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular malformations in an open-label , randomized study . patients were randomly assigned to groups that were given either 100 mg thalidomide ( n = 28 ) or 400 mg iron ( n = 27 , controls ) , daily for 4 months ; patients were followed for at least 1 year ( mean , 39 months ) . was defined by a positive result from an immunoassay fecal occult blood test . primary end point was the effective response rate , defined as the proportion of patients in whom bleeding episodes had decreased by 50 % in the first year of the follow-up period . secondary end points included the rates of cessation of bleeding , blood transfusion , overall hospitalization , and hospitalization for bleeding . also quantified yearly bleeding episodes , bleeding duration , levels of hemoglobin , and yearly requirements for transfusions of red cells , numbers of hospitalizations for bleeding , and hospital stays . levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were measured in the group given thalidomide . of response in the thalidomide and control groups were 71.4 % and 3.7 % , respectively ( P < .001 ) . secondary end points differed significantly different between groups ; thalidomide was more effective . severe adverse effects were observed , although minor side effects were common among patients in the thalidomide group . of vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly reduced by thalidomide ( P < .001 ) . is an effective and relatively safe treatment for patients with refractory bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular malformations . of thalidomide activity might involve vascular endothelial growth factor ."
4816,Abstract #4816,"flashes ( HFs ) and sexual dysfunction often affect breast cancer ( BC ) survivors and compromise their quality of life . is an antidepressive medication used for smoking cessation and also has been previously studied for the treatment of sexual dysfunction . aimed to evaluate bupropion 's efficacy in controlling HFs in BCsurvivors . was a randomized , double-blind , crossover , placebo-controlled pilot study that enrolled 55 BC survivors who reported more than seven HFs per week . were randomized to receive either bupropion 150mg twice daily for four weeks followed by one week of washout and four more weeks of placebo twice daily or vice versa . primary end point was average daily HFactivity ( number of HFs and a score combining number and severity ) reported while on bupropion or on placebo . end points were sexual dysfunction , depression , and quality of life evaluated with the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale , Beck Depression Inventory , and European Organization forResearch and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 , respectively . reduced HFs by 1.26 per day and the HF score by 6.31 % , whereas placebo reduced HFs by 2.11 per day ( P > 0.05 ) and the HF score by 30.47 % ( P > 0.05 ) . were no statistically significant differences between bupropion and placebo in the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale , Beck Depression Inventory , and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 . the end of the study , 47 % of the patients preferred bupropion , whereas 53 % preferred placebo . were no statistically significant differences in side effects between the study groups . with placebo , bupropion did not control HFs in this group of BC survivors ."
4817,Abstract #4817,"formation on the surface of dental restorative materials by oral bacteria is considered an important step in the development of secondary caries . aim of this study was to evaluate the in situ effect of a chlorhexidine ( CHX ) - containing mouthrinse on the biofilm formation occurring on the surface of human enamel and of two resin-based commercially available materials : a silorane-based material ( Filtek Silorane ) and a methacrylate-based material ( Filtek Supreme XT ) . disks were obtained for each of the two composites and 37 disks for enamel . surface was characterized by determining the surface roughness and the surface free energy of 5 samples for each of the three materials tested , then the remaining samples were mounted on splints worn by 16 volunteers . participants were randomly divided into two groups : an experimental group that used 0.12 % CHX-based mouthrinse and a control group that used a placebo mouthrinse . formation on the different surfaces after a 24 h period was assessed using MTT assay . two composites in the group treated with the placebo mouthrinse showed a similar biofilm formation , which was significantly higher than that occurring on enamel surfaces . CHX-based mouthrinse significantly reduced biofilm formation on the surfaces of the two resin-based materials when compared with the placebo mouthrinse . reduction was particularly relevant on the Filtek Silorane surfaces . new silorane-based material seems to interact with CHX in a promising way from the point of view of biofilm formation control ."
4818,Abstract #4818,"on co-enrollment practices and their impact are limited in the ICU setting . objectives of this study were : 1 ) to describe patterns and predictors of co-enrollment of patients in a thromboprophylaxis trial , and 2 ) to examine the consequences of co-enrollment on clinical and trial outcomes . an observational analysis of an international thromboprophylaxis trial in 67 ICUs , we examined the co-enrollment of critically ill medical-surgical patients into more than one study , and examined the clinical and trial outcomes among co-enrolled and non-co-enrolled patients . 3,746 patients enrolled in PROTECT ( Prophylaxis for ThromboEmbolism in Critical Care Trial ) , 713 ( 19.0 % ) were co-enrolled in at least one other study ( 53.6 % in a randomized trial , 37.0 % in an observational study and 9.4 % in both ) . factors independently associated with co-enrollment ( all P < 0.001 ) were illness severity ( odds ratio ( OR ) 1.35 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 1.19 to 1.53 for each 10-point Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation ( APACHE ) II score increase ) , substitute decision-makers providing consent , rather than patients ( OR 3.31 , 2.03 to 5.41 ) , experience of persons inviting consent ( OR 2.67 , 1.74 to 4.11 for persons with > 10 years ' experience compared to persons with none ) , center size ( all ORs > 10 for ICUs with > 15 beds ) , affiliation with trials groups ( OR 5.59 , 3.49 to 8.95 ) , and main trial rather than pilot phase ( all ORs > 8 for recruitment year beyond the pilot ) . did not influence clinical or trial outcomes or risk of adverse events . was strongly associated with features of the patients , research personnel , setting and study . had no impact on trial results , and appeared safe , acceptable and feasible . reporting , scholarly discourse , ethical analysis and further research are needed on the complex topic of co-enrollment during critical illness ."
4819,Abstract #4819,"reports demonstrated an increased accuracy of dipyridamole echocardiography test with the intravenous infusion of 0.25 to 1 mg of atropine in 1-4 consecutive administrations at the end of the test . effect of higher doses of atropine during dipyridamole echocardiography , potentially able to further increase heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption , has not been evaluated . aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high doses of atropine during dipyridamole echocardiography and to investigate the possible pharmacological interference between dipyridamole and atropine . consecutive patients ( M = 81 , F = 19 ; mean age 58 yrs ) without inducible wall motion abnormalities at 14th minute of a high-dose ( 0.84 mg/Kg in 10 ' ) dipyridamole echocardiography test were studied . patients referred to the test in pharmacological wash-out were randomly divided in three groups : 25 patients ( Group 1 ) received 10 mcg/Kg of atropine in 60 '' ; 25 patients ( Group 2 ) received 15 mcg/Kg of atropine in 120 '' ; 25 patients ( Group 3 ) received 20 mcg/Kg of atropine in 120 '' ; moreover , 25 patients with a full-dose oral beta-blocker therapy ( Group 4 ) received 20 mcg/Kg of atropine in 120 '' . was infused during the 15th and 16th minute of the test . rate ( HR ) changes and new wall motion abnormalities induced by atropine were considered and compared for each Group . 60 patients ( 15 randomly selected from each Group ) the effect on mean HR and R-R interval ( msec ) of the same dose of atropine infused during dipyridamole echocardiography was evaluated in resting conditions 24 hours apart . dipyridamole-atropine test was well tolerated and accomplished in all patients . increased significantly in all Groups of patients in comparison with pre-atropine HR values ( Group 1 : +14 + / - 8 b/m ' , p < 0.0001 ; Group 2 : +19 + / - 8 b/m ' , p < 0.0001 ; Group 3 : +22 + / - 9 b/m ' , p < 0.0001 ; Group 4 : +19 + / - 8 b/m ' , p < 0.0001 ; Groups 2 , 4 vs Group 1 : p = 0.03 , Group 3 vs Group 1 : p = 0.002 ) . patients in Group 1 ( 0 % ) , 3 patients in Groups 2 and 3 ( 12 % ) , and 5 patients in Group 4 ( 20 % ) showed new wall motion abnormalities after atropine infusion ( Group 4 vs Group 1 : p = 0.06 ) . of atropine on HR and mean R-R interval were significantly more pronounced in resting conditions than during dipyridamole test ( HR : +25 + / - 11 vs +18 + / - 9 b/m ' , p < 0.001 ; R-R : -256 + / - 122 vs -127 + / - 68 msec , p < 0.0001 ) . doses of atropine during dipyridamole echocardiography test are safe and more effective for induction of new wall motion abnormalities than usual doses , particularly in patients tacking beta-blockers . likelihood of an antagonistic mechanism between atropine and endogenous , dipyridamole-induced adenosine on sinus node is supported from our results ."
4820,Abstract #4820,"study sought to determine the independent association of renal insufficiency with cardiovascular risk among women with known coronary heart disease ( CHD ) . patients with end-stage renal disease and proteinuria are at high risk for cardiovascular events , little is known about the cardiovascular risk associated with moderate renal insufficiency . Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study ( HERS ) was a clinical trial among 2,763 women with coronary disease who were randomized to conjugated estrogen plus progestins or identical placebo and followed for a mean of 4.1 years . were categorized as having normal renal function ( creatinine < 1.2 mg/dl ; n = 2,012 ) , mild renal insufficiency ( 1.2 mg/dl to 1.4 mg/dl ; n = 567 ) and moderate renal insufficiency ( > 1.4 mg/dl ; n = 182 ) . examined the independent association of renal function with incident cardiovascular events including CHD death , nonfatal myocardial infarction , hospitalization for unstable angina , stroke and transient ischemic attacks . with women with normal renal function , those with mild and moderate renal insufficiency were older , more likely to be black , have a history of hypertension and diabetes and have higher serum levels of triglycerides and lipoprotein ( a ) . multivariate adjustment , both mild ( relative hazards [ RH ] = 1.24 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] : 1.0 to 1.5 ) and moderate renal insufficiency ( RH = 1.57 ; 95 % CI : 1.2 to 2.1 ) were independently associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events compared with women with normal renal function . insufficiency is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women with known coronary artery disease . function may add helpful information to CHD risk stratification ."
4821,Abstract #4821,"element analysis of clinical computed tomography ( CT ) scans provides a noninvasive means of assessing vertebral strength that is superior to dual x-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) - measured areal bone mineral density . present study was undertaken to compare strength changes , measured using this newer method , in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) patients who were treated with alendronate ( ALN ) versus those who were not . female RA patients without radiologic signs of L3 compression fractures or a history of osteoporosis medication were enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial . were randomly assigned to the ALN group ( 5 mg orally , once daily ) or the control group not receiving antiresorptive treatment . patients were evaluated by DXA and quantitative CT at baseline and reevaluated after a mean of 12.2 months . finite element analysis was performed on the CT scans ( n = 29 available for analysis ) to compute an estimate of vertebral compressive strength and to assess strength changes associated with changes in the trabecular compartment and the outer 2 mm of bone ( peripheral compartment ) . average , vertebral strength was significantly decreased from baseline in the control group ( n = 15 ) ( median change -10.6 % ; P = 0.008 ) but was maintained in the ALN group ( n = 14 ) ( median change +0.4 % ; P = 0.55 ) , with a significant difference between the 2 groups ( P < 0.01 ) . decreased more rapidly within the trabecular bone , and ALN treatment was much more effective in the peripheral than the trabecular compartment . results indicate that patients with RA can lose a substantial amount of vertebral strength over a relatively short period of time , and this loss can be prevented by ALN , primarily via its positive effect on the outer 2 mm of vertebral bone ."
4822,Abstract #4822,"compare bariatric surgery versus intensive medical weight management ( MWM ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) who do not meet current National Institutes of Health criteria for bariatric surgery and to assess whether the soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products ( sRAGE ) is a biomarker to identify patients most likely to benefit from surgery . are few studies comparing surgery to MWM for patients with T2DM and BMI less than 35 . patients with T2DM and BMI 30 to 35 , who otherwise met the criteria for bariatric surgery were randomized to MWM versus surgery ( bypass , sleeve or band , based on patient preference ) . primary outcomes assessed at 6 months were change in homeostatic model of insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) and diabetes remission . outcomes included changes in HbA1c , weight , and sRAGE . surgery group had improved HOMA-IR ( -4.6 vs +1.6 ; P = 0.0004 ) and higher diabetes remission ( 65 % vs 0 % , P < 0.0001 ) than the MWM group at 6 months . to MWM , the surgery group had lower HbA1c ( 6.2 vs 7.8 , P = 0.002 ) , lower fasting glucose ( 99.5 vs 157 ; P = 0.0068 ) , and fewer T2DM medication requirements ( 20 % vs 88 % ; P < 0.0001 ) at 6 months . surgery group lost more weight ( 7 . 1.0 BMI decrease , P < 0.0001 ) . baseline sRAGE was associated with better weight loss outcomes ( r = -0.641 ; P = 0.046 ) . were no mortalities . was very effective short-term in patients with T2DM and BMI 30 to 35 . sRAGE may predict patients most likely to benefit from surgery . findings need to be confirmed with larger studies.ClinicalTrials.gov ID : NCT01423877 ."
4823,Abstract #4823,"evaluate the influence of contrast agents with different relaxivity on the partition coefficient ( ) and timing of equilibration using a modified Look-Locker inversion recovery ( MOLLI ) sequence in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) . was acquired in 20 healthy subjects ( 1.5 T ) at the mid-ventricular short axis precontrast and 5 , 10 , 20 , 25 , and 30 minutes after administration of a bolus of 0.15 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine ( Gd-BOPTA ) ( n = 10 ) or gadopentetate dimeglumine ( Gd-DTPA ) ( n = 10 ) . times were measured in myocardium and blood pool . approximated by R1 ( myocardium ) / R1 ( blood ) . for Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DTPA were compared . agreement was evaluated ( intraclass correlation coefficient [ ICC ] ) . times of myocardium and blood pool ( P < 0.001 ) and ( 0.42 0.03 and 0.47 0.04 , respectively , P < 0.001 ; excluding 5 minutes for Gd-BOPTA ) were significantly lower for Gd-BOPTA than Gd-DTPA . ( ( Gd-DTPA ) ) showed no significant variation between 5 and 30 minutes . ( ( Gd-BOPTA ) ) values were significantly lower at 5 minutes compared to other times ( 0.38 vs. 0.42 ; P < 0.05 ) . agreement for values was excellent with Gd-BOPTA ( ICC = 0.818 ) and good for Gd-DTPA ( ICC = 0.631 ) . ( ( Gd-BOPTA ) ) values were significantly lower compared to ( ( Gd-DTPA ) ) at the same administered dose . Gd-BOPTA , the equilibrium between myocardium and blood pool was not achieved at 5 minutes postcontrast ."
4824,Abstract #4824,"study was designed to assess the predictive value of myocardial viability diagnosed by dobutamine transesophageal echocardiography and fluorine ( F ) -18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for left ventricular functional recovery after revascularization in patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction . identification of akinetic but viable myocardium is of particular importance for the selection of patients with a compromised left ventricle who will benefit from coronary revascularization . rest and dobutamine transesophageal echocardiography ( dobutamine , 5 and 10 microg/min per kg ) studies and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic studies at rest were performed in 2 patients with 1 ) previous myocardial infarction and regional akinesia , 2 ) a stenosed infarct-related coronary artery , and 3 ) a patent infarct-related vessel after revascularization . basally akinetic segment was considered viable by transesophageal echocardiography if dobutamine-induced contractile reserve could be observed . by positron emission tomography was defined as F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake > or = 50 % of the maximal uptake in a region with normal wall motion . of regional left ventricular function 4 to 6 months after revascularization was diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography if > or = 50 % of segments akinetic at baseline had improved wall thickening . transesophageal echocardiography identified viable infarct regions in 25 ( 59 % ) of 42 patients , and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in 30 ( 71 % ) of 42 patients , yielding diagnostic agreement in 86 % of patients . and specificity for prediction of left ventricular functional recovery in individual patients was 92 % and 88 % , respectively , for dobutamine transesophageal echocardiography versus 96 % and 69 % for F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography . remaining akinetic after revascularization had a significantly lower ( p < 0.001 ) F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake ( 48 + / - 15 % ) than that ( 73 + / - 15 % ) of segments with recovery of regional left ventricular function . dobutamine transesophageal echocardiography and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were highly sensitive in predicting functional recovery of chronically kinetic or dyskinetic myocardium after successful revascularization . , dobutamine transesophageal echocardiography is a clinically valuable alternative to F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for assessing residual viability and predicting functional recovery after revascularization ."
4825,Abstract #4825,"study examines the effectiveness and costs of follow-up phone calls in improving response rates to a community survey . to a postal survey were randomly allocated to receive a phone call or no phone call . resources used for the development and implementation of the survey were documented . response rates and cost per level of follow-up contact examined . phone calls led to a statistical significant increase in the number of responses to a community-wide survey , relative to no phone call . relative increase in responses ( n = 62 for the follow-up phone call group versus n = 1 for controls ) , did not increase the absolute survey response rate sufficiently ( from 38.5 % for two mailed surveys to 39.8 % for two mailed surveys plus a phone call ) to justify the phone call costs . analyses show increasing the initial response rate by 10 % and conducting a second mailed survey achieves greater marginal cost savings than increasing the response rate to the second mailout or the follow-up phone calls . results suggest a follow-up phone call was not cost effective . research ought to primarily focus on obtaining optimal initial response rates by using strategies identified in a Cochrane meta-analytic review ."
4826,Abstract #4826,"evaluate the safety , tolerability , and clinical activity of a single intratympanic injection of OTO-104 , sustained-release dexamethasone formulation , in patients with unilateral Mnire 's disease . , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , dose-escalation study of 16 weeks ' ( 4-wk lead-in before dosing ; 12-wk follow-up after dosing ) duration for each patient . centers ( physician offices and academic or tertiary referral centers ) . patients aged 22 to 75 years . intratympanic injection of OTO-104 ( 3 or 12 mg ) or placebo . and tolerability were assessed via adverse event reports , otoscopy , audiometry , and tympanometry . activity was assessed primarily as changes in vertigo frequency . was well tolerated , with no impact on hearing function . levels were observed in a few patients and were barely quantifiable . most frequently reported adverse event considered related to investigational product was tympanic membrane perforation ; no clinical sequelae were associated with these perforations and all were graded mild or moderate . Month 3 , the observed mean standard deviation ( SD ) change from baseline in vertigo frequency was -0.124 0.153 , -0.147 0.166 , and -0.211 0.153 for the placebo , 3-mg OTO-104 , and 12-mg OTO-104 groups , respectively ; corresponding to 42 % , 56 % and 73 % reductions in vertigo frequency , respectively . results were observed for tinnitus , measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory ( THI-25 ) . was safe and well tolerated . the sample size was small , the data suggest 12 mg of OTO-104 was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in vertigo frequency compared to placebo 3 months after treatment ."
4827,Abstract #4827,"aim of this study was to determine the cost effectiveness of 2 inhaled corticosteroids , fluticasone propionate and flunisolide , in the management of asthma from a third-party payer perspective in Germany ( German Sickness Fund ) . treatment costs were retrospectively applied to 2 prospective randomised parallel group clinical trials conducted in Germany comparing fluticasone propionate and flunisolide : one 6-week open-label study ( n = 332 ) and one 8-week double-blind study ( n = 308 ) in corticosteroid-naive patients with asthma of moderate severity aged between 18 and 70 years . costs were adjusted to 1997 Deutschmarks . parameters included changes in morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate ( PEFR ) measurements , the number of successfully treated patients ( defined as those with a PEFR improvement of > or = 10 % ) and proportion of symptom-free days . fluticasone propionate groups had higher respective proportions of successfully treated patients and symptom-free days than the flunisolide groups in both the open-label ( 56.8 vs 39.6 % and 36.4 vs 28.5 % ) and double-blind ( 55.3 vs 44.5 % and 35.1 vs 31.1 % ) studies . in both morning and evening PEFR measurements were also significantly ( p < 0.01 ) greater with fluticasone propionate than with flunisolide . average daily treatment costs were slightly higher in the fluticasone propionate groups than in the flunisolide groups , all cost-effectiveness ratios ( daily cost per successfully treated patient and daily cost per symptom-free day ) favoured fluticasone propionate . analysis showed that these results were robust over a wide range of assumptions . these patients , management with fluticasone propionate was more cost effective than with flunisolide in the German healthcare setting ."
4828,Abstract #4828,"pulse pressure ( PP ) is an independent determinant of carotid artery wall thickness , stronger than mean blood pressure ( BP ) . present study was designed to assess whether a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist-based or an ACE inhibitor-based treatment was able to reduce carotid artery wall hypertrophy through a reduction in carotid PP rather than by lowering mean BP and whether the influence of local PP reduction could also be detected at the site of a muscular artery , the radial artery . essential hypertensive patients were randomized to 9 months of double-blind treatment with either celiprolol or enalapril . parameters were determined with high-resolution echo-tracking systems . was measured locally with applanation tonometry and independently of mean BP . 9 months of treatment , mean BP , carotid PP , and intimal-medial thickness ( IMT ) decreased significantly , with no difference between the 2 groups . reduction in carotid PP but not in mean BP was a major independent determinant of the reduction in carotid IMT . artery IMT and PP decreased significantly with both treatments . , the reduction in radial artery IMT was not related to the changes in radial artery PP . regression of carotid artery wall hypertrophy during long-term antihypertensive treatment was dependent on the reduction in local PP rather than on the lowering of mean BP . effect of PP lowering on IMT reduction was observed at the site of an elastic artery but not at the site of a muscular artery ."
4829,Abstract #4829,"compare the efficacy of Thio-tepa and Mitomycine C to obviate recurrence ; to compare cost-efficacy ratios ; to evaluate their facility of use and their complications . a prospective blinded study , 36 patients undergoing surgery for 46 primary and recurrent pterygium were assigned randomly to three groups : group 1 received 0.02 mg/ml of Mitomycine C three times daily for 5 days ; group 2 received Thio-tepa four times daily for 6 weeks , group 3 served as a control receiving distilled water three times daily for five days . rates were 38 % , in group 1 ; 28 % in group 2 ; 82 % in group 3 respectively . ranged from 15 to 44 weeks ( mean 27.93 + / - 8.9 weeks ) . delay recurrence time was 6.3 weeks . Mitomycin caused : iritis , conjunctival irritation , excessive lacrymation , photophobia , ocular pain ; Thio-tepa caused : photophobia , foreign body sensation , headache . C appears to be an effective and safe adjunctive treatment for this cost-efficacy and this facility of use comparison ."
4830,Abstract #4830,"Raloxifene Use for The Heart ( RUTH ) trial showed that raloxifene , a selective estrogen receptor modulator , had no overall effect on the incidence of coronary events in women with established coronary heart disease or coronary heart disease risk factors . provide detailed results of the effect of raloxifene on coronary outcomes over time and for 24 subgroups ( 17 predefined , 7 post hoc ) . women ( n = 10 101 ; mean age , 67 years ) were randomized to raloxifene 60 mg/d or placebo for a median of 5.6 years . outcomes were assessed by treatment group in women with coronary heart disease risk factors and those with established coronary heart disease . had no effect on the incidence of coronary events in any subgroup except in the case of a post hoc age subgroup analysis using age categories defined in the Women 's Health Initiative randomized trials . effect of raloxifene on the incidence of coronary events differed significantly by age ( interaction P = 0.0118 ) . incidence of coronary events in women < 60 years of age was significantly lower in those assigned raloxifene ( 50 events ) compared with placebo ( 84 events ; hazard ratio , 0.59 ; 95 % confidence interval , 0.41 to 0.83 ; P = 0.003 ; absolute risk reduction , 36 per 1000 women treated for 1 year ) . difference was found between treatment groups in the incidence of coronary events in women > or = 60 and < 70 or > or = 70 years of age . postmenopausal women at increased risk of coronary events , the overall lack of benefit of raloxifene was similar across the prespecified subgroups ."
4831,Abstract #4831,"has been suggested that apo A-I can inhibit cholesterol crystal nucleation in vitro , and ursodeoxycholic acid ( UDCA ) is a safe and effective treatment for selected patients with cholesterol gallstones the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UDCA on the steady-state levels ( SSL ) of apo A-I mRNA in the liver , as well as serum apo A-I , in patients with cholesterol gallstones . Mexican patients with symptomatic radiolucent gallstones were randomized and assigned in a double blind fashion to groups that were administered either UDCA ( 4 mg/kg per day ) or placebo for 10 to 15 days before cholecystectomy . A - I mRNA levels in liver and gallbladder tissues were determined by northern blot and serum levels of apo A - I by turbidimetric method . A - I mRNA levels were higher in nine of the 10 patients who received UDCA and in comparison to those to the placebo group . the gallbladder apo A - I mRNA levels were undetected . levels ( mg/dL ) of apo A - I were similar in both UDCA and placebo groups after treatment ( 111.7 + / - 29.8 vs 115.6 + / - 25.4 ) . results of this study shown that apo A - I mRNA gene express at the mRNA level in the liver but not in the gallbladder of patients with cholesterol gallstones treated with UDCA ."
4832,Abstract #4832,"people with a spinal cord injury rate neuropathic pain as one of the most difficult problems to manage and there are no medical treatments that provide satisfactory pain relief in most people . , psychosocial factors have been considered in the maintenance and aggravation of neuropathic spinal cord injury pain . interventions to support people with spinal cord injury to deal with neuropathic pain , however , are sparse . primary aim of the CONECSI ( COping with NEuropathiC Spinal cord Injury pain ) trial is to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural treatment programme on pain intensity and pain-related disability , and secondary on mood , participation in activities , and life satisfaction . is a multicentre randomised controlled trial . sample of 60 persons with chronic neuropathic spinal cord injury pain will be recruited from four rehabilitation centres and randomised to an intervention group or a waiting list control group . control group will be invited for the programme six months after the intervention group . inclusion criteria are : having chronic ( > 6 months ) neuropathic spinal cord injury pain as the worst pain complaint and rating the pain intensity in the last week as 40 or more on a 0-100 scale . intervention consists of educational , cognitive , and behavioural elements and encompasses 11 sessions over a 3-month period . meeting will be supervised by a local psychologist and physical therapist . will be performed before starting the programme/entering the control group , and at 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months . outcomes are pain intensity and pain-related disability ( Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire ) . outcomes are mood ( Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ) , participation in activities ( Utrecht Activities List ) , and life satisfaction ( Life Satisfaction Questionnaire ) . coping and pain cognitions will be assessed with three questionnaires ( Coping Strategy Questionnaire , Pain Coping Inventory , and Pain Cognition List ) . CONECSI trial will reveal the effects of a multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural programme for people with chronic neuropathic spinal cord injury pain . intervention is expected to contribute to the rehabilitation treatment possibilities for this population . Trial Register NTR1580 ."
4833,Abstract #4833,"sought to examine how splenectomy as part of up-front cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer influences the postoperative course and affects survival . reviewed cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1994 to 2008 and found 44 patients who had a splenectomy as part of their up-front cytoreductive surgery . were compared to 171 patients who did not undergo splenectomy . evaluated age at diagnosis , estimated blood loss , percentage of patients whose disease was optimally cytoreduced ( < 1 cm ) , reason for splenectomy ( oncologic vs. surgical ) , length of stay , time to first chemotherapy treatment , and survival . the splenectomy cohort , the mean age at diagnosis was 64 ( 44-83 ) years . total of 37 of 44 ( 84 % ) patients were optimally cytoreduced . estimated blood loss was 1326 ml . purpose of splenectomy was to accomplish an optimal cytoreduction ( oncologic ) in 82 % of cases . length of stay was 13 ( 6-76 ) days . time to first chemotherapy was 13.5 ( 5-54 ) days . median disease-free interval and overall survival of the splenectomy cohort were 8 and 30 months , respectively . median overall survival for patients whose disease was optimally cytoreduced in the splenectomy cohort compared to the no-splenectomy group was 30 and 45 months ( P < 0.045 ) , respectively . addition of splenectomy to up-front cytoreductive surgery was feasible and safe . , it appears to carry with it a shortened survival that is unrelated to postoperative morbidity . data raise the questions that splenectomy is needed for optimal cytoreduction in more biologically aggressive disease and that splenectomy may be an independent prognostic factor related to depressed immune function ."
4834,Abstract #4834,"investigate the comparative efficacy of aripiprazole and risperidone as augmenting agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) patients who did not show a 35 % decrease in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale ( Y-BOCS ) after 12-week monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) . study consists of two different periods of treatment : a 12-week prospective period to determine resistance to SSRI treatment and an 8-week single-blind addition period for refractory patients only . patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the SSRI treatments . patients ( 76.6 % ) completed the 12-week SSRI monotherapy period . patients ( 59.4 % ) were considered refractory and were randomised to receive either risperidone ( 20 patients , 3 mgr daily ) or aripiprazole ( 21 patients , 15 mgr daily ) as augmentation to SSRI treatment . patients ( 76.2 % ) in the aripiprazole group and 18 patients ( 84 % ) in the risperidone group completed the 8-week treatment period . patients ( 50 % ) in aripiprazole and 13 patients ( 72.2 % ) in risperidone group met response criteria of Y-BOCS decrease 35 % at the end of the study . risperidone group showed a significant improvement in Y-BOCS obsession scores compared with aripiprazole . present findings suggest that risperidone may be more effective than aripiprazole ."
4835,Abstract #4835,"evaluate whether intrauterine injection of embryo culture supernatant before embryo transfer has any impact on pregnancy and implantation rates . total of 400 cycles , of which 200 IVF/ICSI and 200 oocyte donor ( OD ) , were randomly assigned to have their uterine cavity injected ( group I ) or not ( group II ) . endpoints to be studied were pregnancy and implantation rates . pregnancy rate per transfer ( 47.87 % , 90/188 versus 48.45 % , 94/194 ) based on transvaginal scan findings at 7 weeks of gestation and implantation rate ( 25.6 % versus 26.5 % ) were similar in the two groups . day of embryo transfer , day 3 or day 5 , did not affect the final outcome . of embryo culture supernatant into the uterine cavity , 30 min before the embryo transfer on either day 3 or 5 , neither improves nor adversely affects the pregnancy rate in IVF/ICSI or oocyte donation cycles ."
4836,Abstract #4836,"examine the effect of waiting times on the health status of patients referred for a non-urgent rheumatology opinion . study was a randomized controlled clinical study evaluating a ` fast track ' appointment with a 6-week target waiting time against an ` ordinary ' appointment in the main city out-patient clinic of the rheumatology service for the Lothian and Borders region ( population approximately 1 million ) . status was measured using the SF12 physical and mental summary component T-scores and pain was measured with a 100 mm visual analogue pain scale . outcomes were health utility and perceived health both measured with the EuroQol instrument , mental health measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale , disability with the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire and economic costs measured from a societal perspective . waiting times were 43 days ( sigma = + / -16 ) and 105 days ( sigma = + / -51 ) for ` fast track ' and ` ordinary ' appointments , respectively . groups showed significant improvements in mean [ 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ] scores for pain : 11 ( 7 , 16 ) ( P < 0.001 ) ; physical health status : 4 ( 2 , 5 ) ( P < 0.001 ) ; mental health status : 2 ( 0.1 , 4 ) ( P < 0.02 ) ; and health utility : 0.11 ( 0.07 , 0.16 ) ( P < 0.001 ) by the end of the 15-month period of the study , but there was no significant difference between either arm of the study . by delay was not detrimental to either mental or physical health and patients in both arms of the study showed significant and similar improvement in health by 15 months . of resources on waiting times without regard to clinical outcomes is likely to be wasteful and additional resources should be directed at achieving the greatest clinical benefit . research into effective methods of controlling demand and better identification of those who would benefit from access to specialist care is needed ."
4837,Abstract #4837,"investigate whether intravenous administration of lipid nutrition ( Intralipid ) within 12 hours of birth to ventilator-dependent premature infants would decrease the incidence or severity , or both , of chronic lung disease . randomly assigned 133 infants to Intralipid or control groups , using two weight strata : 42 Intralipid versus 37 control subjects in the 600 to 800 gm stratum , and 28 Intralipid versus 26 control subjects in the 801 to 1000 gm stratum . Intralipid group received 20 % Intralipid at < 12 hours after birth , starting at a dose of 0.5 gm/kg and increasing to a maximum of 1.5 gm/kg , maintained through day 7 . infants received no lipid until after day 7 . group received enteral feedings until after day 7 . significant differences in mortality rates were present in the total population ( 23/70 = 32.9 % vs 16/63 = 25.4 % ; p = 0.35 , Intralipid vs control ) ; however , the mortality rate increased significantly in 600 to 800 gm infants receiving Intralipid versus the control infants ( 20/41 = 47.5 % vs 9/37 = 24.3 % ; p = 0.032 ) . significant differences were found in the number of infants in whom chronic lung disease developed ( requiring oxygen for > or = 28 days ) , proportion requiring oxygen for > or = 60 days , number of survivors without chronic lung disease , or total oxygen and ventilation requirements . , 600 to 800 gm infants receiving Intralipid had significantly more pulmonary hemorrhage , and greater numbers of infants receiving Intralipid in both weight categories required supplemental oxygen at day 7 . incidence of other complications of prematurity , time required to regain birth weight , and duration of hospital stay did not differ between groups . administration initiated at < 12 hours after birth failed to protect very low birth weight premature infants from chronic lung disease . of the results raise questions about possible deleterious effects of Intralipid when administered early in the first week of life ."
4838,Abstract #4838,"ambulation is a highly complex skill requiring the ability to adapt to increased environmental complexity and perform multiple tasks simultaneously . stroke , individuals demonstrate a diminished ability to perform dual-tasks . evidence suggests that conventional rehabilitation does not adequately address gait-related dual-task impairments after stroke , which may be contributing to low levels of participation and physical inactivity in community-dwelling stroke survivors . objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of dual-task gait training in community-dwelling adults within 1 year of stroke . , we will compare the effects of dual-task gait training and single-task gait training on cognitive-motor interference during walking at preferred speed and at fastest comfortable speed ( Aim 1 ) , locomotor control during obstacle negotiation ( Aim 2 ) , and spontaneous physical activity ( Aim 3 ) . single-blind randomized controlled trial will involve 44 individuals within 12 months of stroke . baseline evaluation , participants will be randomly allocated to single - or dual-task gait training . groups will receive 12 , 30-minute sessions provided one-on-one over 4-6 weeks in an outpatient therapy setting . gait training involves practice of gait activities incorporating motor relearning principles . gait training involves an identical gait training protocol ; the critical difference being that the dual-task gait training group will practice the gait activities while simultaneously performing a cognitive task for 75 % of the repetitions . assessors will measure outcomes at baseline , post-intervention , and 6 months after completion of the intervention . primary outcome measure will be dual-task effects on gait speed and cognition during unobstructed walking . outcomes include spatiotemporal and kinetic gait parameters during unobstructed single - and dual-task walking at preferred and fastest comfortable walking speeds , gait parameters during high and low obstacle crossing , spontaneous physical activity , executive function , lower extremity motor function , Timed Up and Go , balance self-efficacy , number of falls , and stroke-related disability . for each aim will be tested using an intention-to-treat analysis with repeated measures ANOVA design . trial will provide evidence to help clinicians make decisions about the types of activities to include in rehabilitation to improve dual-task walking after stroke . NCT01568957 ."
4839,Abstract #4839,"radical retropubic prostatectomy a postoperative inguinal hernia develops in 15 % to 20 % of patients . investigated whether a simple prophylactic procedure during radical retropubic prostatectomy would reduce this incidence . total of 294 consecutive patients scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy at our clinic were prospectively included in the study . with a present inguinal hernia or a previous inguinal hernia surgery were not included in the analysis . subjects were randomized for side of prophylactic intervention ( left or right ) . radical retropubic prostatectomy a nonresorbable figure-of-8 suture was placed lateral to the internal ring of the inguinal canal and the spermatic cord on either side according to outcome of the randomization . were followed at regular followup visits at the clinic . the end of the study all patients were invited for a final interview and examination by an independent examiner who was unaware of the side of intervention . the patients 86 % ( 254 ) showed up for the final examination . cumulative inguinal hernia incidence was 3.5 % on the intervention side and 9.1 % on the control side ( log rank Mantel-Cox p = 0.011 ) . were no serious adverse events , and no increase in postoperative discomfort in the groin and testicular region on the intervention side . procedure added 5 to 10 minutes to the duration of surgery . prophylactic procedure was simple and safe to perform , and it decreased the risk of postoperative inguinal hernia formation by 62 % . believe it should be considered for patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy ."
4840,Abstract #4840,"anecdotal series and small , prospective , controlled trials suggest that mycophenolate mofetil may be effective for treating lupus nephritis , larger trials are desirable . conducted a 24-week randomized , open-label , noninferiority trial comparing oral mycophenolate mofetil ( initial dose , 1000 mg per day , increased to 3000 mg per day ) with monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide ( 0.5 g per square meter of body-surface area , increased to 1.0 g per square meter ) as induction therapy for active lupus nephritis . change to the alternative regimen was allowed at 12 weeks in patients who did not have an early response . study protocol specified adjunctive care and the use and tapering of corticosteroids . primary end point was complete remission at 24 weeks ( normalization of abnormal renal measurements and maintenance of baseline normal measurements ) . secondary end point was partial remission at 24 weeks . 140 patients recruited , 71 were randomly assigned to receive mycophenolate mofetil and 69 were randomly assigned to receive cyclophosphamide . 12 weeks , 56 patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil and 42 receiving cyclophosphamide had satisfactory early responses . the intention-to-treat analysis , 16 of the 71 patients ( 22.5 percent ) receiving mycophenolate mofetil and 4 of the 69 patients receiving cyclophosphamide ( 5.8 percent ) had complete remission , for an absolute difference of 16.7 percentage points ( 95 percent confidence interval , 5.6 to 27.9 percentage points ; P = 0.005 ) , meeting the prespecified criteria for noninferiority and demonstrating the superiority of mycophenolate mofetil to cyclophosphamide . remission occurred in 21 of the 71 patients ( 29.6 percent ) and 17 of the 69 patients ( 24.6 percent ) , respectively ( P = 0.51 ) . patients assigned to cyclophosphamide died , two during protocol therapy . severe infections and hospitalizations but more diarrhea occurred among those receiving mycophenolate . this 24-week trial , mycophenolate mofetil was more effective than intravenous cyclophosphamide in inducing remission of lupus nephritis and had a more favorable safety profile ."
4841,Abstract #4841,"prospective study compares , in split-mouth design , the use of two different suture materials , silk vs. Teflon-coated , multi-filament braided polyester threads suture . edentulous or partially edentulous patients were surgically treated for implant installation . side was sutured with either , randomly selected one or the other suture material . days postsurgically , the sutures were removed and three knots per patient and side were collected for microbiological testing . , a piece of each suture thread was analysed before clinical use to test its susceptibility for bacterial adherence . evaluate the patient 's subjective opinion , a questionnaire based on Visual Analogue Scale had to be filled out by all included patients 1 week after the intervention . results showed a more pronounced plaque accumulation for silk sutures but there was not a statistical difference . intraoperative handling of the silk sutures was less comfortable and the patient comfort was worse than Teflon-coated polyester suture . bacterial adherence on Teflon-coated polyester suture was slightly inferior than silk suture although it did not show the expected differences ."
4842,Abstract #4842,"survival ( LTS ) in patients ( pts ) with pancreatic cancer is still uncommon , little data is available to identify long-term survivors . CONKO-001 study , which established gemcitabine after resection as adjuvant therapy , may provide data to answer this question . pts with an overall survival 5 years were compared to those who survived < 5 years . re-evaluation of primary histology was performed . analysis with the ( 2 ) - test identified qualifying factors . regression was used to investigate the influence of these covariates on LTS . the evaluable 354 CONKO-001 pts , 54 ( 15 % ) with an overall survival 5 years were identified . was possible to obtain tumor specimens of 39 pts ( 72 % ) . re-evaluation confirmed adenocarcinoma in 38 pts , 1 showed a high-grade neuroendocrine tumor . analysis for all 53 LTS pts with adenocarcinoma compared to the remaining 300 non-LTS pts revealed as relevant active treatment , tumor grading , tumor size , lymph nodes . significance could be demonstrated for resection margin , sex , age , Karnofsky performance status , CA 19-9 at study entry . multivariate analysis , tumor grading , active treatment , tumor size , lymph node involvement were independent prognostic factors for LTS . survival can be achieved in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas ."
4843,Abstract #4843,"GDx is a scanning laser polarimeter that assesses peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness . addition to the 14 existing outcome parameters , four new parameters have been described recently : the Ellipse Standard Deviation ( ESD ) , the Normalized Superior Area ( NSA ) , the Normalized Inferior Area ( NIA ) and the Discriminant Analysis ( DA ) . aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of these four new parameters . one randomly selected eye of 263 healthy volunteers and 241 glaucoma patients was considered . healthy group was randomly divided into a reference set ( n = 132 ) to calculate the tenth percentile of the normal distribution and a test set ( n = 131 ) to calculate the specificity against these newly established cut-off points . was calculated for all glaucoma patients ( n = 241 ) and again for three separate subgroups : early glaucoma ( n = 90 ) , moderate glaucoma ( n = 93 ) , and advanced glaucoma ( n = 58 ) . the tenth percentile of the normal distribution was used as a cut-off point , the sensitivity and specificity pairs of the new parameters were 61.8 % and 87.6 % , 61.8 % and 89.1 % , 50.2 % and 92.2 % and 72.6 % and 95.3 % for the ESD , NSA , NIA , and the DA , respectively . Area under the ROC curve was 0.86 , 0.86 , 0.87 , and 0.90 , respectively . the existing parameters , the Number discriminated best ( sensitivity and specificity : 76.8 % and 89.1 % , respectively ; area under the ROC curve : 0.90 ) . compared with The Number , the DA was equally good , whereas the other three new parameters performed statistically significantly worse . general , the area under the ROC curve increased from early to moderate to advanced glaucoma . new GDx parameters discriminated well between normal subjects and glaucoma patients . of the new parameters discriminated better than The Number ."
4844,Abstract #4844,"is an -2 - receptor agonist which might be used as an additive to local anaesthetics for various regional anaesthetic techniques . therefore designed this prospective , double-blinded , controlled volunteer study to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine on peripheral nerve block . ulnar nerve block ( UNB ) was performed in 36 volunteers with either 3 ml ropivacaine 0.75 % ( R ) , 3 ml ropivacaine 0.75 % plus 20 g dexmedetomidine ( RpD ) , or 3 ml ropivacaine 0.75 % plus systemic 20 g dexmedetomidine ( RsD ) . sensory and motor scores were evaluated . onset time of UNB was not different between the study groups , whereas motor onset time was significantly faster in Group RpD when compared with the other study groups [ mean ( sd ) ] [ 21 ( 15 ) vs 43 ( 25 ) min in Group RsD and 47 ( 36 ) min in Group R , P < 0.05 Group RpD vs other groups ] . duration of sensory block was 350 ( 54 ) min in Group R , 555 ( 118 ) min in Group RpD , and 395 ( 40 ) min in Group RsD ( P < 0.01 Group RpD vs other groups , P < 0.05 Group RsD vs Group R ) . block duration was similar to the duration of sensory block . profound prolongation of UNB of 60 % was detected with perineural dexmedetomidine when added to 0.75 % ropivacaine . systemic administration of 20 g dexmedetomidine resulted in a prolongation of 10 % during UNB with 0.75 % ropivacaine . No. : 2012-000030-19 ."
4845,Abstract #4845,"and atherosclerosis are interconnected entities and share also some pathophysiological mechanisms . , recent literature data have supported the hypothesis that bisphosphonates ( BPs ) may have some antiatherogenic actions . study aimed to evaluate the effects of one year with zoledronate or ibandronate given intravenously on lipid profile and on carotid artery intima-media thickness ( CA-IMT ) . postmenopausal osteoporotic women ( mean age : 66.67.8 years ) were randomly assigned to 1-year treatment with zoledronate 5mg i.v. annually or ibandronate 3mg i.v. every 3 months . all patients at baseline and after 12months we measured CA-IMT , total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD ) , bone alkaline phosphatase ( B-ALP ) , type I collagen carboxy telopeptide ( CTX ) , osteocalcin ( OC ) , fibroblast growth factor 23 ( FGF-23 ) and sclerostin . osteoporotic women treated with zoledronate showed a greater reduction in CA-IMT than those treated with ibandronate . and HDL-C/LDL-C ratio showed a significant ( p < 0.01 ) increase in the 2 groups , whereas , LDL-C showed a reduction in the two groups which , however , reached statistical significance ( p < 0.05 ) only in the zoledronate group . serum levels showed a similar and significant decrease in both the women treated with zoledronate and in those treated with ibandronate . the end of the study period sclerostin serum levels showed a higher increase in the patients treated with zoledronate than in those treated with ibandronate . osteoporotic women both zoledronate and ibandronate given intravenously resulted in an increase in HDL-C/LDL-C ratio and a reduction of CA-IMT which was significant only for zoledronate . prospective studies are needed to clarify whether the change in FGF-23 and sclerostin levels is a marker or a potential mechanism of the action of BPs at a vascular level ."
4846,Abstract #4846,"EuroQoL 5D ( EQ-5D ) is a questionnaire that provides a measure of utility for cost-effectiveness analysis . EQ-5D has been widely used in many patient groups , including those with coronary heart disease . often require patients to complete many questionnaires and the EQ-5D may not be gathered . study aimed to assess whether demographic and clinical outcome variables , including scores from a disease specific measure , the Seattle Angina Questionnaire ( SAQ ) , could be used to predict , or map , the EQ-5D index value where it is not available . data from 5 studies of cardiac interventions were used . data were split into two groups - approximately 60 % of the data were used as an estimation dataset for building models , and 40 % were used as a validation dataset . ordinary least squares linear regression methods and measures of prediction error were used to build a model to map to the EQ-5D index . , sex , a proxy measure of disease stage , Canadian Cardiovascular Society ( CCS ) angina severity class , treadmill exercise time ( ETT ) and scales of the SAQ were examined . exertional capacity ( ECS ) , disease perception ( DPS ) and anginal frequency scales ( AFS ) of the SAQ were the strongest predictors of the EQ-5D index and gave the smallest root mean square errors . final model was chosen with age , gender , disease stage and the ECS , DPS and AFS scales of the SAQ . and CCS did not improve prediction in the presence of the SAQ scales . agreement between predicted and observed EQ-5D index values was reasonable for values greater than 0.4 , but below this level predicted values were higher than observed . 95 % limits of agreement were wide ( -0.34 , 0.33 ) . of the EQ-5D index in cardiac patients from demographics and commonly measured cardiac outcome variables is possible ; however , prediction for values of the EQ-5D index below 0.4 was not accurate . newly designed 5-level version of the EQ-5D with its increased ability to discriminate health states may improve prediction of EQ-5D index values ."
4847,Abstract #4847,"purpose was to determine and compare the efficacy and hormonal and metabolic effects of 1.25 mg with 2.5 mg of gestrinone given twice a week in the treatment of mild and moderate pelvic endometriosis . phase II , prospective , randomized , double-blind study involving 11 patients given gestrinone 1.25 mg ( five patients ) or 2.5 mg ( six patients ) orally twice a week for 24 weeks was performed . American Fertility Society scores were determined by laparoscopy before and at the end of treatment . hormone ( free thyroxine , free testosterone , estradiol , progesterone , follicle-stimulating hormone , luteinizing hormone ) , sex hormone binding globulin , and lipid concentrations were measured before , throughout , and for 6 months after treatment . computerized tomography of thoracic 12 through lumbar 4 vertebral bodies were determined before , at the end of , and 6 months after treatment . 2.5 mg significantly reduced the endometriosis implant score from 10.3 + / - 2.8 to 3.8 + / - 0.8 ( p = 0.05 ) . doses significantly reduced serum progesterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels . , free testosterone , free thyroxine , follicle-stimulating hormone , and luteinizing hormone levels were not significantly affected . bone increased significantly by 7.1 % with 2.5 mg but lost significantly by 7.1 % with 1.25 mg gestrinone ; these changes had not reversed completely 6 months after stopping treatment . mild to moderate pelvic endometriosis 2.5 mg of gestrinone twice a week was more effective and had a more positive effect on bone mass than did 1.25 mg of gestrinone ."
4848,Abstract #4848,"use of low-dose aspirin ( LDA ) has emerged as an important cause of gastrointestinal ulcers . aim of this study was to investigate the association between LDA-induced gastric mucosal injury and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and cell apoptosis in elderly Chinese patients . total of 136 patients aged 60 to 80 years with LDA-induced ( 100 mg/d for at least 1 month ) gastric mucosal injury and 48 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study . patients were divided into a low-severity group and a high-severity group based on their modified Lanza scale scores . specimens of gastric mucosa from all participants were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for VEGF expression and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining for cell apoptosis . indices and apoptotic indices were applied to assess VEGF expression level and the extent of cell apoptosis . expression decreased significantly in the 2 patient groups , whereas the extent of cell apoptosis significantly increased compared with the control group . , Spearman 's correlation coefficients suggest that VEGF expression levels and the extent of cell apoptosis in gastric mucosae shared a significant correlation with the severity of LDA-induced gastric mucosal injury . operating characteristics analysis further confirmed these results . findings provide important clues as to the underlying molecular mechanism behind gastric mucosal injury resulting from exposure to LDA in elderly adults , and also suggest that interventions specifically targeting the pathways associated with angiogenesis and apoptosis may help facilitate the healing process ."
4849,Abstract #4849,"produced by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism may mediate bronchoconstriction and inflammatory changes important in the pathophysiology of asthma . inhibition may be effective in asthma management . clinical trial was performed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of zileuton , an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase . this multicenter , double-blind , parallel-group , placebo-controlled trial , 600 mg of zileuton , 400 mg of zileuton , or placebo was given orally , each four times daily for 6 months . with mild to moderate asthma ( n = 373 ) , 18 to 62 years of age , being managed with regularly inhaled beta-agonist alone , were randomized to the zileuton or placebo groups ( n = 122 to 126 ) . measures included serial spirometry , daily peak expiratory flow rates , daytime and nocturnal symptoms , frequency of beta-agonist use , and number of asthma exacerbations treated with systemic corticosteroids . acute bronchodilatory effect was observed 2 to 5 hours after the initial dose of medication in both 400 mg zileuton and 600 mg zileuton groups compared to the placebo group . zileuton groups had significantly greater improvements in FEV1 than did the placebo group by day 8 . day 36 , FEV1 improved 16 % and 12 % from baseline for patients treated with 600 mg zileuton and 400 mg zileuton , respectively , compared with an improvement of 6 % for the placebo-treated group ( p < 0.01 , zileuton 600 mg vs placebo ) . eosinophil levels were significantly reduced in both zileuton-treated groups compared with the placebo group . the group receiving 600 mg zileuton , morning peak expiratory flow rate improved by 7 % to 10 % ; daytime and nocturnal symptoms decreased by 37 % and 31 % , respectively ; beta-agonist use decreased by 31 % ; and the proportion of patients requiring steroid rescue medication during the study was reduced by 62 % ( p < 0.05 for all comparisons of zileuton , 600 mg , vs placebo ) . were sustained over 6 months . events were similar in the three groups with no apparent , dose-related side effects . produces objective and subjective improvements in patients with mild to moderate asthma and is well tolerated ."
4850,Abstract #4850,"human platelet derived growth factor-BB gel ( PDGF gel ) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic ulcers . is also being used off-label to speed wound healing of flaps , grafts , and wounds from Mohs micrographic surgery . purpose of the study was to compare the rate of healing in wounds treated with PDGF gel and with wounds treated with conventional therapy ( antibiotic ointment ) . double-blind controlled study of 7 healthy volunteers was performed . a 4-mm skin punch biopsy instrument , two full-thickness wounds were made on each arm of each volunteer . wounds treated with PDGF gel were compared with 14 wounds treated with antibiotic ointment . was evaluated by visual determination of the global percentage healed and wound depth . treated with PDGF gel showed a significantly faster rate of healing on each of the initial 6 follow-up visits . greatest difference was on day 10 when PDGF-treated wounds were 71 % healed compared with 28 % for antibiotic-treated wounds ( P = .0005 ) . days 22 and 24 , 92.9 % and 100 % of the PDGF gel-treated wounds were healed , compared with 50 % and 57 % , respectively ( P = .0313 and P = .0313 ) , in the antibiotic ointment group . day 29 , both PDGF gel and antibiotic-treated wounds were healed . also decreased wound depth compared with wounds treated with antibiotic ointment at days 8 and 10 with P values < .0313 and < .0020 , respectively . conclude that PDGF gel speeds healing of acute full-thickness wounds compared with antibiotic ointment ."
4851,Abstract #4851,"Norwood procedure with a modified Blalock-Taussig ( MBT ) shunt , the first palliative stage for single-ventricle lesions with systemic outflow obstruction , is associated with high mortality . right ventricle-pulmonary artery ( RVPA ) shunt may improve coronary flow but requires a ventriculotomy . compared the two shunts in infants with hypoplastic heart syndrome or related anomalies . undergoing the Norwood procedure were randomly assigned to the MBT shunt ( 275 infants ) or the RVPA shunt ( 274 infants ) at 15 North American centers . primary outcome was death or cardiac transplantation 12 months after randomization . outcomes included unintended cardiovascular interventions and right ventricular size and function at 14 months and transplantation-free survival until the last subject reached 14 months of age . survival 12 months after randomization was higher with the RVPA shunt than with the MBT shunt ( 74 % vs. 64 % , P = 0.01 ) . , the RVPA shunt group had more unintended interventions ( P = 0.003 ) and complications ( P = 0.002 ) . ventricular size and function at the age of 14 months and the rate of nonfatal serious adverse events at the age of 12 months were similar in the two groups . collected over a mean ( + / - SD ) follow-up period of 32 + / -11 months showed a nonsignificant difference in transplantation-free survival between the two groups ( P = 0.06 ) . nonproportional-hazards analysis , the size of the treatment effect differed before and after 12 months ( P = 0.02 ) . children undergoing the Norwood procedure , transplantation-free survival at 12 months was better with the RVPA shunt than with the MBT shunt . 12 months , available data showed no significant difference in transplantation-free survival between the two groups . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00115934 . )"
4852,Abstract #4852,"European Glaucoma Prevention Study ( EGPS ) seeks to evaluate the efficacy of reduction of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) by dorzolamide in preventing or delaying primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) in patients affected by ocular hypertension ( OHT ) . , double-masked , controlled clinical trial . thousand eighty-one patients ( age , > or = 30 years ) were enrolled by 18 European centers . patients fulfilled a series of inclusion criteria , including : IOP 22 to 29 mmHg ; 2 normal and reliable visual fields ( on the basis of mean deviation and corrected pattern standard deviation or corrected loss variance of standard 30/II Humphrey or Octopus perimetry ) ; normal optic disc as determined by the Optic Disc Reading Center . were randomized to treatment with dorzolamide or placebo ( the vehicle of dorzolamide ) . end points were visual field , optic disc changes , or both . visual field change during follow-up had to be confirmed by 2 further positive tests . disc change was defined on the basis of the agreement of 2 of 3 independent observers evaluating optic disc stereo slides . safety end point was an IOP of more than 35 mmHg on 2 consecutive examinations . the course of the study , the mean percent reduction in IOP in the dorzolamide group was 15 % after 6 months and 22 % after 5 years . IOP declined by 9 % after 6 months and by 19 % after 5 years in the placebo group . 60 months , the cumulative probability of converting to an efficacy end point was 13.4 % in the dorzolamide group and 14.1 % in the placebo group ( hazard ratio , 0.86 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.58-1 .26 ; P = 0.45 ) . cumulative probability of developing an efficacy or a safety end point was 13.7 % in the dorzolamide group and 16.4 % in the placebo group ( hazard ratio , 0.73 ; 95 % CI , 0.51-1 .06 ; P = 0.1 ) . reduced IOP by 15 % to 22 % throughout the 5 years of the trial . , the EGPS failed to detect a statistically significant difference between medical therapy and placebo in reducing the incidence of POAG among a large population of OHT patients at moderate risk for developing POAG , because placebo also significantly and consistently lowered IOP ."
4853,Abstract #4853,"methods have been suggested to treat the hepatic raw surface after resection . these , omentoplasty ( OP ) has been employed occasionally but there are no clinical studies that clearly demonstrate its usefulness . 172 randomized patients undergoing hepatic resection between January 1991 and December 1994 , 5 were withdrawn for protocol violation , leaving 167 who were randomly allotted to undergo OP ( n = 87 ) on the hepatic raw surface or not ( NO ; n = 80 ) . procedure was performed for malignant tumor in 125 cases , benign tumor in 33 , and for other causes in 15 . patients had more than two types of lesions , and 32 patients had associated cirrhosis . major and 102 minor hepatic resections were performed . main outcome measures studied were the number of patients with deep abdominal complications ( DAC ; deep bleeding or hematoma , deep infection , with or without pus discharge through drains , bile leakage ) , as well as repeat operations and postoperative death . were divided into two strata according to the site of the lesion with respect to the diaphragm : ( 1 ) in contact ( posterosuperior segments II , VII and VIII ) or ( 2 ) not in contact ( anterior segments III , IV , V , and VI ) . groups were comparable as regards patient demographics , intraoperative procedures , intraoperative search for bile leaks and intraoperative transfusion requirements . patients had DAC in OP ( n = 11 ) than in NO ( n = 15 ) ( difference not significant ) . patients ( 6 % ) required repeat operations : 4 in OP without immediate mortality and 6 in NO , 3 followed by death . further patient in OP required repeat operation after discharge and died . patients died in OP and 7 in NO , 1 and 4 of DAC , respectively ( not significant ) . abdominal complications were significantly associated with major hepatic resection ( P < 0.05 ) whereas postoperative death was significantly correlated with cirrhosis ( P < 0.05 ) . on the raw surface after hepatic resection lowers the rate of all complications related to DAC ( except biliary leaks ) and their severity ( repeat operations and death ) but not significantly so . is not recommended as a routine measure to complete elective hepatic resections ."
4854,Abstract #4854,"present study was aimed at determining the role warm saline rinse in the prevention of alveolar osteitis following dental extractions . patients aged 16 and above who were referred to the Oral Surgery Clinic of our institution , with an indication for non-surgical extraction of pathologic teeth were prospectively and uniformly randomized into warm saline group and control . experimental group ( n = 80 ) were instructed to gargle 6 times daily with warm saline and no such instructions were given to the second group ( n = 80 ) to serve as controls . on demographic , indications for extraction , and development of alveolar osteitis were obtained and analyzed . statistics were done using Pearson 's chi square or Fisher 's exact test as appropriate . p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant . demographic and other baseline parameters such as indications for extractions were comparable among the study groups ( p > 0.05 ) . overall prevalence of alveolar osteitis was 13.7 % . was a statistical significant difference between the study groups with respect to development of alveolar osteitis ( X2 = 15.00 , df = 1 , p = 0.001 ) . risk of development of alveolar osteitis was 4 times higher in the control group ( OR = 4.33 , P = 0.001 ) . saline mouth rinse instruction is beneficial in the prevention of development of alveolar osteitis after dental extractions ."
4855,Abstract #4855,"studies have evaluated long-term durability of glycemic control in older patients . aim of this study was to compare durability of glycemic control of twice-daily insulin lispro mix 75/25 ( LM75/25 ; 75 % insulin lispro protamine suspension , 25 % insulin lispro ) and once-daily insulin glargine ( GL ) added to oral antihyperglycemic medications in older patients ( 65years of age ) . were participants in the maintenance phase of the DURABLE trial . the initiation phase , patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to LM75/25 or GL . 6months , patients with hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c ) 7.0 % advanced to the 24-month maintenance phase . primary objective was between-group comparison of duration of maintaining the HbA1c goal in older patients ( 65years of age ) . similar analysis was conducted for older patients achieving HbA1c6 .5 % in the initiation phase . time of maintaining HbA1c goal was longer in LM75/25 versus GL ( 19.6 versus 15.4 months , p = 0.007 ) and more LM75/25 patients maintained goal versus GL ( 49.2 versus 30.4 % ; p = 0.003 ) . reduction from baseline was greater in LM75/25 versus GL ( -1.560.10 versus -1.240.11 % ; p = 0.003 ) . glucose was significantly lower in LM75/25 versus GL ( 158.863.42 versus 171.674.51 mg/dL ; p = 0.017 ) . differences were observed in overall and severe hypoglycemia . patients had higher daily insulin doses ( 0.410.02 versus 0.320.02 units/kg/day ; p < 0.001 ) and more weight gain ( 5.470.49 versus 3.100.53 kg ; p = 0.001 ) . results were generally obtained in older patients with HbA1c6 .5 % . our evaluation of older patients from a larger trial , LM75/25 appeared to provide longer durability of glycemic control , as well as a greater number of patients maintaining HbA1c goal versus GL ."
4856,Abstract #4856,"disease is a consequence of exposure to normally innocuous substances that elicit the activation of mast cells . allergic response is involved in many diseases such as anaphylaxis , urticaria , allergic rhinitis , asthma and allergic dermatitis . development of food products for the prevention of allergic disease is an important subject in human health . chungkookjang ( CKJ ) has been reported to exhibit antiallergic inflammatory activity . , the aim of the study is to examine the effects of the CKJ to reduce histamine-induced wheal and flare skin responses . randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study in 60 healthy subjects will be carried out . volunteers ( aged 20-80 ) who gave a written consent before entering the study will be randomized in two groups of thirty subjects each . skin prick test with histamine solution of 10 mg/ml will be performed on the ventral forearm , 10 cm from the elbow . subjects will be instructed to take 35 g per day of either the CKJ pills or a placebo pills for a period of 3 months . of wheal and flare will be assessing 15 minutes after performing the above-mentioned skin prick test . primary outcome is change in wheal and flare responses . outcomes will be include change in serum histamine , immunoglobulin E , cytokines ( interferon-gamma , interleukin-4 , -10 , and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ) , and eosinophil cationic protein . study will show the potential anti-inflammatory properties of the CKJ in their skin activity when histamine is the challenging agent as occurs in the clinical situation . the present protocol will confirm the efficacy and safety of the CKJ for allergy symptoms , suggesting more basic knowledge to conduct further randomized controlled trials ( RCT ) . this study will be successfully performed , the CKJ will be an alternative dietary supplemental remedy for allergy patients . ."
4857,Abstract #4857,"better understand the role of the professional oral health care for elderly in improving geriatric oral health , the effects of short-term professional oral health care ( once per week for 1 month ) on oral microbiological parameters were assessed . , open-labelled , randomize-controlled trial was undertaken in a nursing home for elderly in Shizuoka , Japan . dentate elderly over 74 years were randomly assigned from ID number to the intervention ( 17/34 ) and control ( 17/34 ) groups . outcomes were changes in oral microbiological parameters ( number of bacteria in unstimulated saliva ; whole bacteria , Streptococcus , Fusobacterium and Prevotella : opportunistic pathogens detection : and index of oral hygiene evaluation [ Dental Plaque Index , DPI ] ) within the intervention period . parameter was evaluated at before and after intervention period . elderly were lost from mortality ( 1 ) , bone fracture ( 1 ) , refused to participate ( 1 ) and multi-antibiotics usage ( 1 ) . , 30 elderly were analysed ( 14/intervention and 16/control ) . baseline , no difference was found between the control and intervention groups . the intervention period , the percentage of Streptococcus species increased significantly in the intervention group ( Intervention , 86 % [ 12/14 ] ; Control , 50 % [ 8/16 ] : Fisher 's , right-tailed , P < 0.05 ) . , DPI significantly improved in the intervention group ( Intervention , 57 % [ 8/14 ] ; Control , 13 % [ 2/16 ] : Fisher 's , two-tailed , P < 0.05 ) . improvement in DPI extended for 3 months after intervention . of side effects were reported . short-term professional oral health care can improve oral conditions in the elderly ."
4858,Abstract #4858,"prevention behaviors ( OPBs ) can prevent and delay bone deterioration ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) scan can identify osteoporosis and provide personal osteoporosis risk information that may promote prevention behaviors . study was designed to estimate relationships between receiving personal knowledge of bone mineral density ( gained through DXA scan ) , general knowledge of osteoporosis , health beliefs , and the two OPBs of calcium intake and weight-bearing exercise in healthy postmenopausal women 50 to 65 years . this longitudinal , randomized clinical trial ( including covariates ) , receipt of personal DXA information was manipulated by random assignment to the experimental or control group . remaining antecedent and outcome variable measures were collected by questionnaire at three time points ( initial [ T1 ; pre-DXA ] , 6 months [ T2 ] , 12 months [ T3 ] ) and by bone density assessment from 203 women over an 18-month period in 2001-2003 . experimental manipulation ( DXA results ) had a direct positive effect ( beta = .23 , p < .05 ) on calcium intake at T2 , and indirectly at T3 through T2 . in the experimental group who were informed they had osteopenia or osteoporosis had a greater T1-T2 change in daily calcium intake than those with normal bone density ( beta = .23 , p < .05 ) . , providing DXA results did not relate to change in exercise . beliefs and general osteoporosis knowledge predicted initial calcium and exercise levels ; there was tentative evidence that susceptibility beliefs partially mediate between DXA results and change in calcium intake . knowledge of DXA results was related significantly to increases in calcium intake in postmenopausal women , but not to exercise . for further study are discussed ."
4859,Abstract #4859,"purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of inhalation anesthetics ( sevoflurane and isoflurane ) on hearing function by using an audiometric test battery . prospective , randomized , double-blind , clinical trial . hospital . adult patients ( American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II ) scheduled for sinonasal surgery with intratracheal general anesthesia were enrolled in the study . patients were premedicated with diazepam intramuscularly . 2 mg/kg ( Diprivan , AstraZeneca , Wilmington , DE ) was given intravenously ( i.v. ) for induction of general anesthesia . endotracheal intubation with vecuronium i.v. ( 1 mg/kg ) , in group 1 ( n = 27 ) sevoflurane 2 % and in group 2 ( n = 26 ) isoflurane 1.2 % were used to maintain general anesthesia . patients received nitrous oxide during maintenance . patients ' hearing function was measured before anesthesia and 24 hours after surgery by means of pure-tone audiometry , high-frequency pure-tone audiometry , and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions ( TEOAEs ) by the same clinician . were no statistically significant differences between the demographic data and the hemodynamic and respiratory parameters of the groups . significant differences were found between groups in hearing thresholds of conventional pure-tone audiometry and extended high frequency ( p > .05 ) . TEOAE responses , no statistically significant differences were determined between pre - and postoperative measurements ( p > .05 ) . was audiometrically demonstrated that general anesthesia did not affect the hearing function in any of the patients undergoing sinonasal surgery . findings encourage the use of sevoflurane or isoflurane as a safe agent without any ototoxic effects in otorhinolaryngologic surgery with general anesthesia ."
4860,Abstract #4860,"data suggested that supplementation with vitamin D could reduce risk of infection , but trial data are inconsistent . aimed to examine the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on antibiotic use . conducted a post hoc analysis of data from pilot D-Health , which is a randomized trial carried out in a general community setting between October 2010 and February 2012 . total of 644 Australian residents aged 60-84 y were randomly assigned to receive monthly doses of a placebo ( n = 214 ) or 30,000 ( n = 215 ) or 60,000 ( n = 215 ) IU oral cholecalciferol for 12 mo. . prescribed during the intervention period were ascertained by linkage with pharmacy records through the national health insurance scheme ( Medicare Australia ) . who were randomly assigned 60,000 IU cholecalciferol had nonsignificant 28 % lower risk of having antibiotics prescribed at least once than did people in the placebo group ( RR : 0.72 ; 95 % CI : 0.48 , 1.07 ) . analyses stratified by age , in subjects aged 70 y , there was a significant reduction in antibiotic use in the high-dose vitamin D compared with placebo groups ( RR : 0.53 ; 95 % CI : 0.32 , 0.90 ) , whereas there was no effect in participants aged < 70 y ( RR : 1.07 ; 95 % CI : 0.58 , 1.97 ) ( P-interaction = 0.1 ) . this study was a post hoc analysis and statistically nonsignificant , this trial lends some support to the hypothesis that supplementation with 60,000 IU vitamin D/mo is associated with lower risk of infection , particularly in older adults . trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( anzctr.org.au ) as ACTRN12609001063202 ."
4861,Abstract #4861,"compare PubMed Clinical Queries and UpToDate regarding the amount and speed of information retrieval and users ' satisfaction . cross-over randomized trial was conducted in February 2009 in Tehran University of Medical Sciences that included 44 year-one or two residents who participated in an information mastery workshop . one-hour lecture on the principles of information mastery was organized followed by self learning slide shows before using each database . , participants were randomly assigned to answer 2 clinical scenarios using either UpToDate or PubMed Clinical Queries then crossed to use the other database to answer 2 different clinical scenarios . proportion of relevantly answered clinical scenarios , time to answer retrieval , and users ' satisfaction were measured in each database . on intention-to-treat analysis , participants retrieved the answer of 67 ( 76 % ) questions using UpToDate and 38 ( 43 % ) questions using PubMed Clinical Queries ( P < 0.001 ) . median time to answer retrieval was 17 min ( 95 % CI : 16 to 18 ) using UpToDate compared to 29 min ( 95 % CI : 26 to 32 ) using PubMed Clinical Queries ( P < 0.001 ) . satisfaction with the accuracy of retrieved answers , interaction with UpToDate and also overall satisfaction were higher among UpToDate users compared to PubMed Clinical Queries users ( P < 0.001 ) . first time users , using UpToDate compared to Pubmed Clinical Queries can lead to not only a higher proportion of relevant answer retrieval within a shorter time , but also a higher users ' satisfaction . , addition of tutoring pre-appraised sources such as UpToDate to the information mastery curricula seems to be highly efficient ."
4862,Abstract #4862,"disorder ( OCD ) is defined both by intrusive , unwanted thoughts , images , or impulses and by repetitive behavioral or mental acts that are often performed to try to alleviate anxiety . ultimate goal of treatment for OCD is to reduce the symptoms as well as help patients achieve `` wellness . '' , however , there are no widely accepted , empirically supported criteria for determining wellness in OCD . on previous research , the current study examined the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale ( Y-BOCS ) score that most reliably identified patients who responded to treatment , those who achieved symptom remission , and those who achieved wellness . current study pooled data from 4 randomized controlled OCD treatment trials ( N = 288 ) , which took place between 1990 and 2011 at 2 academic sites . ( mean age = 36.8 years ) had a primary diagnosis of DSM-IV-TR OCD ( mean Y-BOCS score = 25.9 ) . detection analyses showed that a pretreatment-to-posttreatment reduction of 35 % on the Y-BOCS was most predictive of treatment response as defined by the Clinical Global Impressions ( CGI ) - Improvement scale . posttreatment Y-BOCS score of 14 was the best predictor of symptom remission , whereas a score of 12 was the best predictor of wellness , as defined by symptom remission ( defined by the CGI-Severity scale ) , good quality of life ( as measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire ) , and a high level of adaptive functioning ( as assessed by the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report ) . efficiency ( 0.86 ) and specificity ( 0.88 ) were highest at the cutoff of 12 , this cutoff score was determined to be the best indicator of wellness . present findings support the convergent validity of the Y-BOCS with other measures of well-being ( quality of life , adaptive functioning ) and highlight the utility of a Y-BOCS score 12 as a solo indicator of wellness in outcome studies . use of empirically supported criteria for defining wellness in OCD is recommended to facilitate comparisons across treatment outcome studies and to inform clinical treatment planning . data analyzed in this study were from 4 clinical trials , 3 of which are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( identifiers : NCT00045903 , NCT00389493 , NCT00316316 ) ."
4863,Abstract #4863,"number of intensive care ( ICU ) patients experience significant problems with physical , psychological , and social functioning for some time after discharge from ICU . problems have implications not just for patients , but impose a continuing financial burden for the National Health Service . support recovery , a number of hospitals across the UK have developed Intensive Care follow-up clinics . , there is a lack of evidence base to support these , and this study aims to test the hypothesis that intensive care follow up programmes are effective and cost-effective at improving physical and psychological quality of life in the year after intensive care discharge . is a multi-centre , pragmatic , randomised controlled trial . ( n = 270 ) will be recruited prior to hospital discharge from three intensive care units in the UK , and randomised to one of two groups . control group will receive standard in-hospital follow-up and the intervention group will participate in an ICU follow-up programme with clinic appointments 2-3 and 9 months after ICU discharge . primary outcome measure is Health-related Quality of Life ( HRQoL ) 12 months after ICU discharge as measured by the Short Form-36 . measures include : HRQoL at six months ; Quality-adjusted life years using EQ-5D ; posttraumatic psychopathology as measured by Davidson Trauma Scale ; and anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at both six and twelve months after ICU discharge . with health services in the twelve months after ICU discharge will be measured as part of the economic analysis . provision of intensive care follow-up clinics within the UK has developed in an ad hoc manner , is inconsistent in both the number of hospitals offering such a service or in the type of service offered . study provides the opportunity to evaluate such services both in terms of patient benefit and cost-effectiveness . results of this study therefore will inform clinical practice and policy with regard to the appropriate development of such services aimed at improving outcomes after intensive care . ."
4864,Abstract #4864,"is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years . Pakistan , the proportion of deaths due to pneumonia is higher in rural areas than it is in urban areas , with a substantial proportion of individuals dying at home because referral for care is problematic in such areas . aimed to establish whether community case identification and management of severe pneumonia by oral antibiotics delivered through community health workers has the potential to reduce the number of infants dying at home . did a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Matiari district of rural Sindh , Pakistan . lady health workers ( LHWs ) undertook community case management of WHO-defined severe pneumonia . children in intervention clusters with suspected pneumonia were screened by LHWs and those diagnosed with severe pneumonia were prescribed oral amoxicillin syrup ( 90 mg/kg per day in two doses ) for 5 days at home . in control clusters were given one dose of oral co-trimoxazole and were referred to their nearest health facility for admission and intravenous antibiotics , as per government policy . both groups , follow-up visits at home were done at days 2 , 3 , 6 , and 14 by LHW . primary outcome was treatment failure by day 6 after enrolment . matched and randomly allocated 18 clusters ( union councils , the smallest administrative unit of the district ) to either intervention and control using a computer-generated randomisation scheme . were done per-protocol . trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01192789 . children in intervention clusters and 2069 children in control clusters participated in the study , enrolled between Feb 13 , 2008 , and March 15 , 2010 . recorded 187 ( 8 % ) treatment failures by day 6 in the intervention group and 273 ( 13 % ) in the control group . adjusting for clustering , the risk difference for treatment failure was -52 % ( 95 % CI -137 % to 33 % ) . recorded three deaths , two by day 6 and one between days 7 and 14 . recorded no serious adverse events . sector LHWs in Pakistan were able to satisfactorily diagnose and treat severe pneumonia at home in rural Pakistan . strategy might effectively reach children with pneumonia in settings where referral is difficult , and it could be a key component of community detection and management strategies for childhood pneumonia . Agency for International Development through grants to John Snow Incorporation and Boston University , USA ."
4865,Abstract #4865,"trial have demonstrated a benefit of adjuvant fluoropirimidine with or without platinum compounds compared with surgery alone . study was designed to evaluate whether a sequential treatment of FOLFIRI [ irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid ( 5-FU/LV ) ] followed by docetaxel plus cisplatin improves disease-free survival in comparison with 5-FU/LV in patients with radically resected gastric cancer . with resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction were randomly assigned to either FOLFIRI ( irinotecan 180 mg/m ( 2 ) day 1 , LV 100 mg/m ( 2 ) as 2 h infusion and 5-FU 400 mg/m ( 2 ) as bolus , days 1 and 2 followed by 600 mg/m ( 2 ) / day as 22 h continuous infusion , q14 for four cycles ) followed by docetaxel 75 mg/m ( 2 ) day 1 , cisplatin 75 mg/m ( 2 ) day 1 , q21 for three cycles ( sequential arm ) or De Gramont regimen ( 5-FU/LV arm ) . February 2005 to August 2009 , 1106 patients were enrolled , and 1100 included in the analysis : 562 in the sequential arm and 538 in the 5-FU/LV arm . a median follow-up of 57.4 months , 581 patients recurred or died ( 297 sequential arm and 284 5-FU/LV arm ) , and 483 died ( 243 and 240 , respectively ) . statistically significant difference was detected for both disease-free [ hazard ratio ( HR ) 1.00 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) : 0.85-1 .17 ; P = 0.974 ] and overall survival ( OS ) ( HR 0.98 ; 95 % CI : 0.82-1 .18 ; P = 0.865 ) . disease-free and OS rates were 44.6 % and 44.6 % , 51.0 % and 50.6 % in the sequential and 5-FU/LV arm , respectively . more intensive regimen failed to show any benefit in disease-free and OS versus monotherapy . Identifier : NCT01640782 ."
4866,Abstract #4866,"disease is a major public health problem across the Asia-Pacific region for which there is no licensed vaccine or treatment . evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of Phase III lots of a candidate vaccine ( CYD-TDV ) in children in Malaysia . this observer-blind , placebo-controlled , Phase III study , children aged 2-11 years were randomized ( 4:1 ) to receive CYD-TDV or placebo at 0 , 6 and 12 months . endpoints included assessment of reactogenicity following each dose , adverse events ( AEs ) and serious AEs ( SAEs ) reported throughout the study , and immunogenicity expressed as geometric mean titres ( GMTs ) and distribution of dengue virus ( DENV ) neutralizing antibody titres . participants enrolled in the study ( CYD-TDV : n = 199 ; placebo : n = 51 ) . was a trend for reactogenicity to be higher with CYD-TDV than with placebo post-dose 1 ( 75.4 % versus 68.6 % ) and post-dose 2 ( 71.6 % versus 62.0 % ) and slightly lower post-dose 3 ( 57.9 % versus 64.0 % ) . AEs declined in frequency with each subsequent dose and were similar overall between groups ( CYD-TDV : 53.8 % ; placebo : 49.0 % ) . AEs were of Grade 1 intensity and were transient . were reported by 5.5 % and 11.8 % of participants in the CYD-TDV and placebo groups , respectively . deaths were reported . seropositivity against each of the four DENV serotypes was similar between groups , ranging from 24.0 % ( DENV-4 ) to 36.7 % ( DENV-3 ) . the CYD-TDV group , GMTs increased post-dose 2 for all serotypes compared with baseline , ranging from 4.8 ( DENV-1 ) to 8.1-fold ( DENV-3 ) . further increased post-dose 3 for DENV-1 and DENV-2 . with baseline , individual titre increases ranged from 6.1-fold ( DENV-1 ) to 7.96-fold ( DENV-3 ) . study demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and a balanced humoral immune response against all four DENV serotypes for CYD-TDV administered via a three-dose regimen to children in Malaysia ."
4867,Abstract #4867,"studies showed improvement in heart function by injecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs ) after AMI . evidence suggested that both the number and function of BMSCs decline with ageing . designed a randomized , controlled trial to further investigate the safety and efficacy of this treatment . with ST-elevation AMI undergoing successful reperfusion treatment within 12 hours were randomly assigned to receive an intracoronary infusion of BMSCs ( n = 21 ) or standard medical treatment ( n = 22 ) ( the numbers of patients were limited because of the complication of coronary artery obstruction ) . is a closely positive correlation of the number and function of BMSCs vs. the cardiac function reflected by LVEF at baseline ( r = 0.679 , P = 0.001 ) and at 12-month follow-up ( r = 0.477 , P = 0.039 ) . months after cell administration , myocardial viability within the infarct area by 18-FDG SPECT was improved in both groups compared with baseline , but no significant difference in the BMSCs compared with control groups ( 4.00.4 % 95 % CI 3.1-4 .9 vs. 3.20.5 % 95 % CI 2.1-4 .3 , P = 0.237 ) . SPECT demonstrated that myocardial perfusion within the infarct area in the BMSCs did not differ from the control group ( 4.40.5 % 95 % CI 3.2-5 .5 vs. 3.90.6 % 95 % CI 2.6-5 .2 , P = 0.594 ) . , LVEF after 12 and 24 months follow-up did not show any difference between the two groups . the BMSCs group , one patient suffered a serious complication of coronary artery occlusion during the BMSCs injection procedure . clinical benefits of intracoronary injection of autologous BMSCs in acute STEMI patients need further investigation and reevaluation ."
4868,Abstract #4868,"is increased interest in elucidating the range of symptoms of schizophrenia and their response to treatment with medications . negative and cognitive symptoms are often resistant to the therapy with currently available antipsychotics . are even similarities between negative symptoms in psychosis and the side effects of antidopaminergic antipsychotic drugs . aim of this randomized , single-blinded , placebo-controlled study was to investigate the influence of a subchronic , prolonged neuroleptic-induced dopamine deficit on psychopathology and subjective well-being in healthy subjects . healthy volunteers without history of psychiatric diseases were included . 7-day antidopaminergic intervention was provided with aripiprazole , haloperidol , and reserpine . the clinical assessment , structured interviews and psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptom scales were used . out of 18 participants ( 38.9 % ) randomized to the haloperidol group terminated the study ahead of schedule . the reserpine and the haloperidol group , significantly higher levels of negative and positive symptoms ( PANSS scale ) were documented . symptoms predominantly occurred in the reserpine group . all participants experiencing the antidopaminergic intervention , the subgroup with positive family history among first and second-generation relatives developed more pronounced depressive symptoms . extrapyramidal motor symptoms , the haloperidol group had significantly more severe manifestations than all three other groups . modulation in healthy subjects induced substantial impairments in several domains of subjective well-being . particular an association between hypodopaminergic states and depressive symptoms was observed which may be amplified by a genetic predisposition ."
4869,Abstract #4869,"investigated in the first-line setting our previous finding that patients with chemorefractory KRAS G13D-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer ( mCRC ) benefit from cetuximab treatment . between tumor KRAS mutation status ( wild-type , G13D , G12V , or other mutations ) and progression-free survival ( PFS ) , survival , and response were investigated in pooled data from 1,378 evaluable patients from the CRYSTAL and OPUS studies . analysis correcting for differences in baseline prognostic factors was performed . 533 patients ( 39 % ) with KRAS-mutant tumors , 83 ( 16 % ) had G13D , 125 ( 23 % ) had G12V , and 325 ( 61 % ) had other mutations . variations in treatment effects were found for tumor response ( P = .005 ) and PFS ( P = .046 ) in patients with G13D-mutant tumors versus all other mutations ( including G12V ) . KRAS mutation subgroups , cetuximab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone significantly improved PFS ( median , 7.4 v 6.0 months ; hazard ratio [ HR ] , 0.47 ; P = .039 ) and tumor response ( 40.5 % v 22.0 % ; odds ratio , 3.38 ; P = .042 ) but not survival ( median , 15.4 v 14.7 months ; HR , 0.89 ; P = .68 ) in patients with G13D-mutant tumors . with G12V and other mutations did not benefit from this treatment combination . with KRAS G13D-mutated tumors receiving chemotherapy alone experienced worse outcomes ( response , 22.0 % v 43.2 % ; odds ratio , 0.40 ; P = .032 ) than those with other mutations . were similar in the separate CRYSTAL and OPUS studies . addition of cetuximab to first-line chemotherapy seems to benefit patients with KRAS G13D-mutant tumors . treatment effects were similar to those in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors but with lower absolute values ."
4870,Abstract #4870,"inhibitors are more effective than is tamoxifen in prevention of breast-cancer recurrence , but at the expense of increased musculoskeletal side-effects , such as carpal tunnel syndrome . aim of this study was to assess risk factors and the prognostic value of musculoskeletal symptoms during treatment with the steroidal aromatase inhibitor exemestane or with tamoxifen after 2-3 years of tamoxifen . the Intergroup Exemestane Study , postmenopausal women treated for early invasive breast cancer who remained disease free and on treatment after 2-3 years of tamoxifen were randomised to switch to exemestane or to continue tamoxifen for the remainder of the 5-year period of endocrine treatment . primary endpoint for this retrospective analysis was occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome and any musculoskeletal events , analysed in the safety population , which consisted of all patients who had received any trial treatment . well as case-report forms , questionnaires were distributed retrospectively to gain more details of cases of carpal tunnel syndrome . relation between musculoskeletal symptoms reported by 6 months from randomisation and survival from 9 months onwards was assessed by Cox proportional hazards models . trial is registered , number ISRCTN11883920 . has completed accrual and follow-up is continuing for enrolled participants . a median follow-up of 910 months ( IQR 830-992 ) , carpal tunnel syndrome had been reported for 66 ( 28 % ) of 2319 patients in the exemestane group compared with 13 ( 06 % ) of 2338 in the tamoxifen group ( odds ratio [ OR ] 523 , 99 % CI 239-1149 ; p < 00001 ) . events occurred during treatment in the exemestane group than in the tamoxifen group ( 66 [ 28 % ] vs seven [ 03 % ] , adjusted OR 990 , 99 % CI 352-2782 ; p < 00001 ) . was no significant difference between groups in events in the post-treatment period ( ten with exemestane [ 04 % ] vs seven with tamoxifen [ 03 % ] ; p = 046 ) . patients in the exemestane group ( 1082 of 2319 patients , 467 % ) had musculoskeletal symptoms than in the tamoxifen group ( 901 of 2338 , 385 % ; OR 148 , 99 % CI 132-167 , p < 00001 ) . events occurred during treatment in the exemestane group than in the tamoxifen group ( 984 [ 424 % ] vs 776 [ 332 % ] , adjusted OR 159 , 99 % CI 132-191 ; p < 00001 ) , with this difference persisting to some extent in the post-treatment period ( 449 [ 194 % ] vs 390 [ 167 % ] ; p = 0017 ) . 73 on-treatment cases of carpal tunnel syndrome , 58 ( 795 % ) completed questionnaires were available . patients ( 466 % ) had bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and 31 ( 534 % ) had unilateral disease ; 40 ( 690 % ) underwent surgical release . disorder greatly affected daily-life activities in 21 ( 362 % ) cases . of musculoskeletal symptoms , including carpal tunnel syndrome , was associated with improved disease-free survival in unadjusted analysis ( p = 0023 ) , but not with overall survival ( p = 036 ) . , after adjustment for possible confounding factors , musculoskeletal symptoms were not associated with disease-free survival ( hazard ratio [ HR ] 096 , 95 % CI 082-114 , p = 067 ) or overall survival ( HR 102 , 95 % CI 084-125 , p = 082 ) . of carpal tunnel syndrome is higher in patients with breast cancer given exemestane than in those treated with tamoxifen , and surgical release might be necessary in most cases . of musculoskeletal symptoms in the first 6 months of treatment is not an independent biomarker of improved disease outcome . investigation is warranted into the relation between treatment-emergent musculoskeletal symptoms and clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer receiving hormonal therapy . ."
4871,Abstract #4871,"European , randomized , 29-centre , open-label study compared the safety and efficacy of two formulations of insulin glargine and neutral protamine Hagedorn ( NPH ) human insulin , in combination with oral agents , in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . patients with Type 2 DM , in whom oral treatment alone was inadequate , were randomized to insulin glargine with 30 micro g/ml zinc [ insulin glargine ( 30 ) ] , or insulin glargine with 80 micro g/ml zinc [ insulin glargine ( 80 ) ] or NPH insulin subcutaneously once daily . was titrated to aim for fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) values between 4 and 7 mmol/l . participants received oral therapy during the 3-week titration phase and 1-week maintenance phase of the trial . differences between treatment groups were observed in adjusted mean fasting plasma glucose ; significant decreases of 3.4 mmol/l , 3.5 mmol/l and 3.1 mmol/l were observed within the insulin glargine ( 30 ) , insulin glargine ( 80 ) and NPH insulin groups , respectively ( P < 0.0001 in each case ) . differences between groups , but significant changes within groups , were observed in self-monitored FBG , mean FBG , blood glucose profile , stability of FBG , nocturnal blood glucose , fasting serum C-peptide , non-esterified fatty acids , haemoglobin A1c , fructosamine and fasting serum insulin . significantly greater proportion of NPH insulin patients experienced symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycaemia ( 19.1 NPH group vs. 7.3 % glargine groups ; P = 0.0123 ) . insulins were well tolerated ; one patient in each group experienced an injection site reaction . glargine is as safe and effective as NPH insulin given once daily and in this study caused fewer episodes of nocturnal hypoglycaemia ."
4872,Abstract #4872,"study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of recurrent early-stage high-risk epithelial ovarian cancer patients . and clinicopathological data were collected from women enrolled in GOG 157 who underwent surgical staging and had recurrent disease . probability was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method , and hazard ratio of death was analyzed using Cox regression model . 74 women with recurrent early-stage high-risk ovarian cancer , the median age at recurrence was 63 years ; 93 % were White , 2.7 % were Black , 2.7 % were Asian , and 1.4 % were Others . percent had stage I , and the remainder had stage II disease . cell , serous , endometrioid , mucinous , and other tumors consisted of 28.4 % , 25.7 % , 24.3 % , 16.2 % , and 5.4 % of patients , respectively ; in addition , 36.5 % had ascites , 33.8 % had positive cytology , and 43.2 % had ruptured tumors . percent underwent three cycles , and 42 % had six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin . was diagnosed clinically in 46 % and radiographically in 54 % of women . median time from completion of primary chemotherapy to recurrence ( treatment-free interval , TFI ) was 21 months . , median survival after recurrence was 24 months . with longer ( > 24 months ) TFI had a higher median survival after subsequent treatment at 35 months compared to only 10 months in those who recurred < or = 24 months ( p = 0.003 ) . patients with primary early-stage high-risk ovarian cancer have an overall favorable prognosis , survival after recurrence is poor and comparable to those with recurrent advanced-stage disease . therapeutic modalities are warranted in these high-risk patients ."
4873,Abstract #4873,"evaluate whether myo-inositol supplementation , an insulin sensitizer , reduces the rate of gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) and lowers insulin resistance in obese pregnant women . an open-label , randomized trial , myo-inositol ( 2 g plus 200 micrograms folic acid twice a day ) or placebo ( 200 micrograms folic acid twice a day ) was administered from the first trimester to delivery in pregnant obese women ( prepregnancy body mass index 30 or greater . calculated that 101 women in each arm would be required to demonstrate a 65 % GDM reduction in the myo-inositol group with a statistical power of 80 % ( = 0.05 ) . primary outcomes were the incidence of GDM and the change in insulin resistance from enrollment until the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test . January 2011 to April 2014 , 220 pregnant women at 12-13 weeks of gestation were randomized at two Italian university hospitals , 110 to myo-inositol and 110 to placebo . characteristics were similar between groups . GDM rate was significantly reduced in the myo-inositol group compared with the control group , 14.0 % compared with 33.6 % , respectively ( P = .001 ; odds ratio 0.34 , 95 % confidence interval 0.17-0 .68 ) . , women treated with myo-inositol showed a significantly greater reduction in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance compared with the control group , -1.03.1 compared with 0.11.8 ( P = .048 ) . supplementation , started in the first trimester , in obese pregnant women seems to reduce the incidence in GDM through a reduction of insulin resistance . , www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01047982 ."
4874,Abstract #4874,"atrophy ( OPCA ) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with symptoms of cerebellar ataxia , parkinsonism , autonomic disturbances and ophthalmoplegia . , a 5-HT1 ( A ) agonist could constitute a symptomatic improvement in cerebellar dysfunction whereas estrogen has been investigated for neuroprotection . conducted an open-labeled pilot trial to assess the efficacy of estrogen with buspirone treatment . patients ( 7 male and 11 female ) with OPCA were randomized into the buspirone ( 15 mg/day , n = 9 ) , or the combined treatment group ( estrogen , 0.625 mg/d plus buspirone , n = 9 ) . the clinical rating , International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale ( ICARS ) was used and dysarthria , gaze evoked nystagmus , finger to nose , pronation-supination alternating movement , knee-tibia test , and gait speed were evaluated for 12 months . group showed improvements in finger to nose and pronation-supination alternating movement test ( p = 0.046 and p = 0.025 , respectively ) . combination group ( Estrogen + buspirone ) , however , showed no improvement in cerebellar sub-scales compared to the baseline . treatment showed feasible efficacies for OPCA , while the combined treatment of estrogen and buspirone failed to improve , suggesting estrogen may not have further benefit in cerebellar dysfunction ."
4875,Abstract #4875,"of intracoronary infusion of bone marrow ( BM ) - derived unselected mononuclear cells ( UNSEL ) and selected CD34 ( + ) CXCR4 ( + ) cells ( SEL ) in patients with acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) and reduced < 40 % left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) . hundred patients were randomized to intracoronary infusion of UNSEL ( n = 80 ) or SEL ( n = 80 ) BM cells or to the control ( CTRL ) group without BM cell treatment . endpoint : change of LVEF and volumes measured by magnetic resonance imaging before and 6 months after the procedure . 6 months , LVEF increased by 3 % ( P = 0.01 ) in patients treated with UNSEL , 3 % in patients receiving SEL ( P = 0.04 ) and remained unchanged in CTRL group ( P = 0.73 ) . were no significant differences in absolute changes of LVEF between the groups . changes of left ventricular end-systolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume were not significantly different in all groups . increase of LVEF was observed only in patients treated with BM cells who had baseline LVEF < median ( 37 % ) . LVEF < median and time from the onset of symptoms to primary percutaneous coronary intervention > or = median were predictors of LVEF improvement in patients receiving BM cells . were no differences in major cardiovascular event ( death , re-infarction , stroke , target vessel revascularization ) between groups . patients with AMI and impaired LVEF , treatment with BM cells does not lead to a significant improvement of LVEF or volumes . was however a trend in favour of cell therapy in patients with most severely impaired LVEF and longer delay between the symptoms and revascularization ."
4876,Abstract #4876,"nicotine delivery products , such as electronic cigarettes ( e-cigarettes ) , have dramatically grown in popularity despite limited data on safety and benefit . contrast , the similar U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) - approved nicotine inhaler is rarely utilized by smokers . this paradox could be helpful to determine the potential for e-cigarettes as an alternative to tobacco smoking . compare the e-cigarette with the nicotine inhaler in terms of perceived benefits , harms , appeal , and role in assisting with smoking cessation . cross-over trial was conducted from 2012 to 2013 PARTICIPANTS/INTERVENTIONS : Forty-one current smokers age 18 and older used the e-cigarette and nicotine inhaler each for 3 days , in random order , with a washout period in between . participants provided data on product use , perceptions , and experiences . Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire ( mCEQ ) measured satisfaction , reward , and aversion . were also asked about each product 's helpfulness , similarity to cigarettes , acceptability , image , and effectiveness in quitting smoking . use was also recorded during the product-use periods . e-cigarette had a higher total satisfaction score ( 13.9 vs. 6.8 [ p < 0.001 ] ; range for responses 3-21 ) and higher reward score ( 15.8 vs. 8.7 [ p < 0.001 ] ; range for responses 5-35 ) than the inhaler . e-cigarette received higher ratings for helpfulness , acceptability , and `` coolness . '' subjects would use the e-cigarette to make a quit attempt ( 76 % ) than the inhaler ( 24 % ) ( p < 0.001 ) . percent ( 7/38 ) of subjects abstained from smoking during the 3-day periods using the e-cigarette vs. 10 % ( 4/38 ) using the inhaler ( p = 0.18 ) . e-cigarette was more acceptable , provided more satisfaction , and had higher perceived benefit than the inhaler during this trial . have the potential to be important nicotine delivery products owing to their high acceptance and perceived benefit , but more data are needed to evaluate their actual efficacy and safety . should be aware of these issues , as patients will increasingly inquire about them ."
4877,Abstract #4877,"ventricular hypertrophy is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . tested the hypothesis that fosinopril , an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor , reduces left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients . patients with untreated mild essential hypertension were randomised to treatment with oral fosinopril ( 10 mg-20 mg daily ) or placebo for 12 weeks . primary outcome measure was the change in left ventricular mass index determined by echocardiography . blood pressure changed from 95.5 + / -2.1 mmHg at baseline to 96.6 + / -2.8 mmHg at the final visit in control patients and changed from 96.6 + / -2.3 mmHg to 91.5 + / -3.0 mmHg in patients treated with fosinopril ( P = 0.04 ) . blood pressure changed from 147.4 + / -3.2 mmHg at baseline to 152.7 + / -4.4 mmHg at the final visit in control patients and changed from 157.6 + / -5.1 mmHg to 149.1 + / -6.1 mmHg in patients treated with fosinopril ( P = 0.02 ) . reduced diastolic pressure by 6.3 ( 95 % CI 0.3-12 .4 ) mmHg and systolic pressure by 13.3 ( 95 % CI 2.7-23 .8 ) mmHg compared with placebo . left ventricular mass index changed from 110.0 + / -8.3 gm ( -2 ) to 113.1 + / -8.7 g m ( -2 ) in the control patients and changed from 120.8 + / -5.8 g m ( -2 ) to 109.0 + / -7.5 g m ( -2 ) in patients treated with fosinopril ( P = 0.02 ) . reduced left ventricular mass index by 14.9 ( 95 % CI 2.2-27 .6 ) g m ( -2 ) compared with placebo . was no significant change in the left ventricular systolic or diastolic function , nor were there any significant changes in plasma electrolytes and renal function . with fosinopril for 12 weeks reduced left ventricular mass significantly in hypertensive patients ."
4878,Abstract #4878,"investigate whether filter-protected carotid artery stenting ( CAS ) using a covered self-expanding stent reduces the risk of cerebral embolization . asymptomatic patients ( 13 men ; median age 77 years , IQR 73-83 ) were enrolled in a randomized pilot trial comparing the rates of cerebral microembolism during and after filter-protected CAS using either a self-expanding covered ( n = 8 ) or a bare ( n = 6 ) carotid stent . Doppler ( TCD ) monitoring was done during and for 90 minutes after the procedure . magnetic resonance imaging ( DW-MRI ) was performed before and 24 hours after CAS . were followed for 6 months for neurological events and occurrence of restenosis . significant reduction in ipsilateral microembolic signals by TCD was observed with the covered ( median 1 , IQR 0-4 ) versus the bare stent ( median 6 , IQR 3-8 ; p = 0.043 ) . of the preprocedural and 24-hour postprocedural DW-MRI images showed no new ipsilateral lesions but 1 new lesion in the contralateral hemisphere in the covered stent group , resulting in an overall 7 % ( 95 % CI 0 % -20 % ) rate of new ischemic lesions . neurological complications occurred up to 6 months . ( > 70 % ) occurred in 3 ( 38 % ) of 8 patients with the covered versus none of the bare stents ( p = 0.21 ) . trial was stopped when the third restenosis of a covered stent was detected . covered stents potentially reduce the risk of cerebral microembolism during and after carotid stenting . , the problem of in-stent restenosis has to be resolved before these devices can be considered for further investigation ."
4879,Abstract #4879,"determine the effects of equivalent diet - or exercise-induced weight loss and exercise without weight loss on subcutaneous fat , visceral fat , and insulin sensitivity in obese women . premenopausal women with abdominal obesity [ waist circumference 110.1 + / - 5.8 cm ( mean + / - SD ) ] ( BMI 31.3 + / - 2.0 kg/m2 ) were randomly assigned to one of four groups : diet weight loss ( n = 15 ) , exercise weight loss ( n = 17 ) , exercise without weight loss ( n = 12 ) , and a weight-stable control group ( n = 10 ) . groups underwent a 14-week intervention . weight decreased by approximately 6.5 % within both weight loss groups and was unchanged in the exercise without weight loss and control groups . comparison with controls , cardiorespiratory fitness improved within the exercise groups only ( p < 0.01 ) . in total , abdominal , and abdominal subcutaneous fat within the exercise weight loss group was greater ( p < 0.001 ) than within all other groups . reduction in total and abdominal fat within the diet weight loss and exercise without weight loss groups was greater than within controls ( p < 0.001 ) but not different from each other ( p > 0.05 ) . fat decreased within all treatment groups ( p < 0.008 ) , and these changes were not different from each other . comparison with the control group , insulin sensitivity improved within the exercise weight loss group alone ( p < 0.001 ) . exercise without caloric restriction was associated with substantial reductions in total fat , abdominal fat , visceral fat , and insulin resistance in women . without weight loss was also associated with a substantial reduction in total and abdominal obesity ."
4880,Abstract #4880,"have previously shown that local infusion of a nitric oxide synthase ( NOS ) inhibitor attenuates increases in leg glucose uptake during exercise in humans . have also shown that infusion of the NOS substrate , l-arginine ( l-Arg ) , increases glucose clearance , although the mechanisms involved were not determined . potential mechanism for NO-mediated glucose disposal is via interactions with NOS and the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) . aim of this study was to determine the mechanism ( s ) by which l-Arg infusion increases glucose disposal during exercise in humans by examining total NOS activity and AMPK signaling . males cycled for 120 min at 64 % 1 % VO ( 2 ) peak , during which the [ 6,6-H ] glucose tracer was infused . the final 60 min of exercise , either saline alone ( Control , CON ) , or saline containing l-Arg HCl ( l-Arg , 30 g at 0.5 gmin ( -1 ) ) was coinfused in a double-blind , randomized , counterbalanced order . increased the glucose rate of disappearance and glucose clearance rate during exercise ; however , this was accompanied by a 150 % increase in plasma insulin concentration from 65 to 75 min ( P < 0.05 ) that remained significantly elevated until 90 min of exercise . muscle AMPK signaling , nNOS phosphorylation by AMPK , and total NOS activity increased to a similar extent in the two trials . increase in glucose disposal after l-Arg infusion during exercise is likely due to the significantly higher plasma insulin concentration ."
4881,Abstract #4881,"compare the efficacy and safety of T-Flux implant versus Healon GV in deep sclerectomy . prospective trial of 23 eyes of 20 patients with medically uncontrolled open angle glaucoma over a period of 24 months , who underwent deep sclerectomy with either Healon GV or T-Flux implant . postoperative intraocular pressure was 13.2 + / - 3.0 mm Hg with T-Flux implant ( group 1 ) and 12.2 + / - 3.5 mm Hg with Healon GV ( group 2 ) , with a pressure reduction of 53.0 % in group 1 ( 13.2 mm Hg vs. 28.1 mm Hg ) and of 48.1 % in group 2 ( 12.2 mm Hg vs. 23.5 mm Hg ) . and complete successes were 100 % and 95.4 % respectively . equal to or less than 15 mm Hg were 81.8 % in group 1 and 90.9 % in group 2 with or without treatment , and 63.6 % in group 1 and 81.8 % in group 2 without treatment . number of glaucoma treatments dropped from 2.5 + / - 0.9 to 0.4 + / - 0.7 in group 1 and from 2.2 + / - 1.0 to 0.2 + / - 0.4 in group 2 . goniopuncture rate was 63.6 % in group 1 and 36.4 % in group 2 , with a mean pressure drop of 6.1 + / - 3.9 mm Hg and 3.25 + / - 1.2 mm Hg respectively . , slit-lamp diagnosed surgery-related complications included positive Seidel ( 13.6 % ) , hyphaema ( 22.7 % ) , choroidal detachment , and iris incarceration ( 4.5 % each ) . 2 years , ultrasound biomicroscopy showed mainly low reflective ( 40.1 % ) and flattened ( 36.4 % ) blebs . latter ones were associated with the need for adjunctive treatment . hypoechoic area in the suprachoroidal space was seen in at least 59.1 % of eyes at 2 years and was not associated with lower intraocular pressure . sclerectomy is an effective and safe surgery . , longer follow up and larger study groups are required to assess the additional benefit of nonabsorbable implants ."
4882,Abstract #4882,"reduces anxiety in psychiatric patients . this prospective , randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled study , we investigated whether a single dose of gabapentin as a premedicant reduces preoperative anxiety , and improves patient satisfaction . Institutional Review Board approval and written consent , 210 patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups of oral premedication : placebo , hydroxyzine 75 mg , or gabapentin 1200 mg . level was assessed 3 times , using a 100-mm visual analogue scale : before premedication , in the preoperative holding area , and just before induction of general anaesthesia . the postoperative period , patients were asked about their satisfaction with their premedicant . were presented as mean + / - SD . scores were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by a Bonferroni test as appropriate . chi-square test was used to analyze categorical data . p values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant . anxiety was not statistically different among the 3 groups . level in the gabapentin group was significantly lower in the holding area , and before induction of anaesthesia ( 20 mm + / - 21 ) , than in the hydroxyzine group ( 33 mm + / - 26 ; p = 0.023 ) and in the placebo group ( 36 mm + / - 28 ; p = 0.004 ) . decreased significantly overtime only in the gabapentin group . gabapentin and hydroxyzine groups had a higher proportion of `` satisfied or extremely satisfied '' patients ( 73 % and 70 % respectively ) as compared to the placebo group ( 48 % , p = 0.006 ) . single dose of gabapentin has proven to be an effective premedication to reduce preoperative anxiety ."
4883,Abstract #4883,"site infections ( SSIs ) remain a major problem in colorectal surgery . this prospective , randomised study , we compared two kinds of wound protection , namely , `` plastic ring drape '' versus `` standard cloth towels '' . hundred one patients were randomised to the control group ( wet cloth towels ) and 98 to the study cohort ( ring drape ) . were classified according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations . the control group , 30 patients had an SSI , whereas 20 did so in the study group . difference was not significant ( p = 0.131 ) . ring drape for wound protection does not guard against SSIs in colorectal surgery ."
4884,Abstract #4884,"study aimed to determine whether a non-penetrating sham needle can serve as an adequate sham control . conducted a randomised , subject-blind , sham-controlled trial in both acupuncture-nave and experienced healthy volunteers . were randomly allocated to receive either real acupuncture ( n = 39 ) or non-penetrating sham acupuncture ( n = 40 ) on the hand ( LI4 ) , abdomen ( CV12 ) and leg ( ST36 ) . procedures were standardised and identical for both groups . rated acupuncture sensations on a 10-point scale . blinding index was calculated based on the participants ' guesses on the type of acupuncture they had received ( real , sham or do not know ) for each acupuncture point . association of knowledge about and experience in acupuncture with correct guessing was also examined . subjects in both groups were similar with respect to age , gender , experience or knowledge about acupuncture . sham needle tended to produce less penetration , pain and soreness only at LI4 . appeared to be successfully achieved for ST36 . 41 % of participants in the real acupuncture group made correct guesses for LI4 , 31 % guessed incorrectly for CV12 , beyond chance level . with more experience and knowledge about acupuncture were more likely to correctly guess the type of needle they received at ST36 only , compared to that at the other points . non-penetrating sham needle may successfully blind participants and thus , may be a credible sham control . , the small sample size , the different needle sensations , and the degree and direction of unblinding across acupuncture points warrant further studies in Korea as well as other countries to confirm our finding . results also justify the incorporation of formal testing of the use of sham controls in clinical trials of acupuncture ."
4885,Abstract #4885,", a once-daily long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator , when administered via Respimat SoftMist inhaler ( tiotropium Respimat ) significantly reduces the risk of severe exacerbations and improves lung function in patients with severe persistent asthma that is not fully controlled despite using inhaled corticosteroids ( ICS ) and long-acting 2-agonists . further explore the dose-response curve in asthma , we investigated the efficacy and safety of three different doses of tiotropium Respimat as add-on to ICS in symptomatic patients with moderate persistent asthma . this randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled , four-way crossover study , patients were randomised to tiotropium Respimat 5g , 2.5 g or 1.25 g or placebo Respimat , once daily in the evening . treatment was administered for 4weeks , without washout between treatment periods . criteria included 60 % and 90 % of predicted normal forced expiratory volume in 1second ( FEV1 ) and seven-question Asthma Control Questionnaire mean score of 1.5 . were required to continue maintenance treatment with stable medium-dose ICS for at least 4weeks prior to and during the treatment period . 2-agonists were not permitted during the treatment phase . primary efficacy end point was peak FEV1 measured within 3hours after dosing ( peak FEV1 ( 0-3h ) ) at the end of each 4-week period , analysed as a response ( change from study baseline ) . total , 149 patients were randomised and 141 completed the study . significant improvements in peak FEV1 ( 0-3h ) response were observed with each tiotropium Respimat dose versus placebo ( all P < 0.0001 ) . largest difference from placebo was with tiotropium Respimat 5g ( 188mL ) . FEV1 and FEV1 area under the curve ( AUC ) ( 0-3h ) responses were greater with each tiotropium Respimat dose than with placebo ( all P < 0.0001 ) , and both were greatest with 5g . forced vital capacity ( FVC ) ( 0-3h ) , trough FVC and FVC AUC ( 0-3h ) responses , versus placebo , were greatest with tiotropium Respimat 5g ( P < 0.0001 , P = 0.0012 and P < 0.0001 , respectively ) . of adverse events was comparable between placebo and all tiotropium Respimat groups . tiotropium Respimat add-on to medium-dose ICS improves lung function in symptomatic patients with moderate asthma . , improvements were largest with tiotropium Respimat 5g . identifier NCT01233284 ."
4886,Abstract #4886,"test the effectiveness of an efficacy-enhancing educational intervention to promote women 's self-efficacy for childbirth and coping ability in reducing anxiety and pain during labour . evidence of the effective application of the self-efficacy theory in health-promoting interventions has been well established . effort has been made by health professionals to integrate self-efficacy theory into childbirth care . controlled trial . efficacy-enhancing educational intervention based on Bandura 's self-efficacy theory was evaluated . eligible Chinese first-time pregnant women were randomly assigned to either an experimental group ( n = 60 ) or a control group ( n = 73 ) . experimental group received two 90-minute sessions of the educational programme in between the 33rd-35th weeks of pregnancy . assessments on outcome measures were conducted within 48 hours after delivery . short form of the Chinese Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory was used to measure maternal self-efficacy prior to labour . of pain and anxiety during the three stages of labour and performance of coping behaviour during labour were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale and Childbirth Coping Behaviour Scale respectively . experimental group was significantly more likely than the control group to demonstrate higher levels of self-efficacy for childbirth ( p < 0.0001 ) , lower perceived anxiety ( p < 0.001 , early stage and p = 0.02 , middle stage ) and pain ( p < 0.01 , early stage and p = 0.01 , middle stage ) and greater performance of coping behaviour during labour ( p < 0.01 ) . educational intervention based on Bandura 's self-efficacy theory is effective in promoting pregnant women 's self-efficacy for childbirth and reducing their perceived pain and anxiety in the first two stages of labour . of pain and anxiety is an important issue for both women and childbirth health professionals . efficacy-enhancing educational intervention should be further developed and integrated into childbirth educational interventions for promoting women 's coping ability during childbirth ."
4887,Abstract #4887,"usually given until progressive disease ( PD ) is the main first-line treatment option for patients with inoperable advanced pancreatic cancer ( APC ) . there is no accepted active regimen for second-line chemotherapy . phase II studies suggest clinical relevant activity of oxaliplatin , folinic acid and 5-FU ( OFF ) . initiated a phase III multicentre study comparing OFF versus best supportive care ( BSC ) in patients with APC progressing while on gemcitabine therapy . this open randomized study , patients with CT and/or MRI confirmed progressive disease while on gemcitabine therapy were randomized 1:1 to OFF or BSC . included duration of first-line therapy ( < 3 , 3 to 6 and > 6 months ) , performance status ( KPS 70-80 % ; 90-100 % ) and tumour stage ( M1/M0 ) . consisted of folinic acid 200mg/m ( 2 ) followed by 5-fluorouracil 2g/m ( 2 ) ( 24h ) on d1 , d8 , d15 , d22 and oxaliplatin 85 mg/m ( 2 ) on days 8 and 22 . a rest of 3 weeks the next cycle was started on d43 . total of 165 patients were calculated to demonstrate a doubling of survival time after progression on first-line therapy . inclusion of forty six patients the trial was terminated according to predefined protocol regulations due to insufficient accrual ( lack of acceptance of BSC by patients and physicians . characteristics were well balanced between both study arms . OFF regimen was well tolerated with more patients with grade I/II paraesthesia and grade II/III nausea/emesis and diarrhoea . second-line survival was 4.82 [ 95 % Confidence Interval ; 4.29-5 .35 ] months for OFF treatment and 2.30 [ 95 % CI ; 1.76-2 .83 ] months with BSC alone ( 0.45 [ 95 % CI : 0.24-0 .83 ] , p = 0.008 ) . overall survival for the sequence GEM-OFF was 9.09 [ 95 % CI : 6.97-11 .21 ] and 7.90 [ 95 % CI : 4.95-10 .84 ] months for GEM-BSC ( 0.50 [ 95 % CI : 0.27-0 .95 ] , p = 0.031 ) respectively . stopped prematurely , this randomized trial provides at first time evidence for the benefit of second-line chemotherapy as compared to BSC alone for patients with APC . significantly prolonged survival time compared to BSC alone after failure of first-line therapy with gemcitabine ."
4888,Abstract #4888,"determine whether there is a dose-response effect of percutaneous oestradiol implants on the skeletons of postmenopausal women using a range of doses available in clinical practice . year randomised study . postmenopausal women who requested oestrogen replacement therapy were randomised to receive 25 mg , 50 mg , or 75 mg oestradiol implants . bone mineral density changes were compared with a control group of 15 untreated women . energy X-ray absorptiometry using Hologic 1000 QDR before treatment and after one year of treatment . oestradiol and follicle stimulating hormone levels before treatment and after one year . were significant correlations between the plasma oestradiol levels and the percentage increase in bone density at the lumbar spine , the total hip , the femoral neck , and the trochanter . median ( range ) plasma oestradiol level was 327 pmol/l ( 114-853 ) in the 25 mg group , 358 pmol/l ( 220-957 ) in the 50 mg group and 518 pmol/l ( 167-828 ) in the 75 mg group . women who lost a significant amount of bone from the clinically relevant sites in the 25 mg oestradiol group all had plasma oestradiol levels below 300 pmol/l . of the women in either the 50 mg or 75 mg oestradiol groups lost bone from these sites . implants resulted in a wide range of circulating oestradiol levels with each of the doses used . was a significant relation between plasma oestradiol levels and the increases in bone density at both the lumbar spine and the proximal femur . of the women lost bone density at the clinically important sites of the spine and femoral neck if their plasma oestradiol levels were above 300 pmol/l ."
4889,Abstract #4889,"anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab reduces disease activity in previously untreated patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis . aimed to assess efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab compared with interferon beta 1a in patients who have relapsed despite first-line treatment . our 2 year , rater-masked , randomised controlled phase 3 trial , we enrolled adults aged 18-55 years with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and at least one relapse on interferon beta or glatiramer . participants were randomly allocated in a 1:2:2 ratio by an interactive voice response system , stratified by site , to receive subcutaneous interferon beta 1a 44 g , intravenous alemtuzumab 12 mg per day , or intravenous alemtuzumab 24 mg per day . beta 1a was given three-times per week and alemtuzumab was given once per day for 5 days at baseline and for 3 days at 12 months . 24 mg per day group was discontinued to aid recruitment , but data are included for safety assessments . endpoints were relapse rate and time to 6 month sustained accumulation of disability , comparing alemtuzumab 12 mg and interferon beta 1a in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00548405 . ( 87 % ) of 231 patients randomly allocated interferon beta 1a and 426 ( 98 % ) of 436 patients randomly allocated alemtuzumab 12 mg were included in the primary analyses . ( 51 % ) patients in the interferon beta 1a group relapsed ( 201 events ) compared with 147 ( 35 % ) patients in the alemtuzumab group ( 236 events ; rate ratio 051 [ 95 % CI 039-065 ] ; p < 00001 ) , corresponding to a 494 % improvement with alemtuzumab . ( 47 % ) patients in the interferon beta 1a group were relapse-free at 2 years compared with 278 ( 65 % ) patients in the alemtuzumab group ( p < 00001 ) . ( 20 % ) patients in the interferon beta 1a group had sustained accumulation of disability compared with 54 ( 13 % ) in the alemtuzumab group ( hazard ratio 058 [ 95 % CI 038-087 ] ; p = 0008 ) , corresponding to a 42 % improvement in the alemtuzumab group . 435 patients allocated alemtuzumab 12 mg , 393 ( 90 % ) had infusion-associated reactions , 334 ( 77 % ) had infections ( compared with 134 [ 66 % ] of 202 patients in the interferon beta 1a group ) that were mostly mild-moderate with none fatal , 69 ( 16 % ) had thyroid disorders , and three ( 1 % ) had immune thrombocytopenia . patients with first-line treatment-refractory relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis , alemtuzumab could be used to reduce relapse rates and sustained accumulation of disability . risk management strategies allow for early identification of alemtuzumab 's main adverse effect of secondary autoimmunity . ( Sanofi ) and Bayer Schering Pharma ."
4890,Abstract #4890,"synthetic biopolymers have been used as bone filler in Periodontology , proving effective stimulants to bone regeneration . polylactic and polyglycolic acid is used as a bone filler and polyglactin 910 as a guided tissue regeneration ( GTR ) membrane to achieve regeneration in periodontal infrabony defects . patients with two - or three-walled infrabony defects were selected and randomly divided into two groups . A included patients treated with polylactic-polyglycolic acids 50:50 ( Fisiograft , Ghimsa SPA , Via Fucini , Italy ) alone and Group B included patients treated with polylactic-polyglycolic acids ( PLA-PGA ) 50:50 in conjunction with polyglactin acid 910 ( Vicryl Mesh Johnson & Johnson , U.S.A ) . of clinical parameters probing depth and attachment level and radiographs was done preoperatively and 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively . the groups showed statistically significant mean reduction in probing depth and gain in clinical attachment level and linear bone fill . the limit of this study , both the treatment modalities are beneficial for the treatment of infrabony defects ."
4891,Abstract #4891,"superiority of silicone over latex based catheters following urethral reconstructive surgery for stricture disease has been theorized , and yet data comparing their use in this group of patients are lacking . present our findings from a prospective , randomized trial comparing silicone to hydrogel coated latex catheters in patients following urethral reconstructive surgery . February 2004 to August 2006 men undergoing urethral reconstructive surgeries were randomized to receive an all-silicone or a hydrogel coated latex urethral catheter for postoperative bladder drainage . demographics and the various reconstructive procedures used were analyzed . and stricture recurrence were evaluated in the 2 groups . total of 85 men were randomized to receive a silicone ( 43 ) or a latex ( 42 ) catheter following reconstructive surgery . followup was 20 months ( range 10 to 36 ) . patient age , urethral stricture length , complication rate and type of reconstructive procedure did not significantly differ between the 2 groups . patients ( 11 % ) per group required repeat instrumentation for stricture recurrence ( p = 0.97 ) . time to stricture recurrence was not statistically different between the 2 groups . theoretical benefit of silicone catheters over hydrogel coated latex catheters does not appear to translate into a clinical advantage after urethral reconstructive surgery since we found no difference in the rate of recurrence or operative complications at intermediate term followup . appears that the 2 types of catheter are appropriate for urethral stenting following urethral reconstructive surgery ."
4892,Abstract #4892,"radicular irritation ( TRI ) is common after spinal anesthesia induced with hyperbaric lidocaine 50 mg/ml . purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of TRI after spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric lidocaine 50 mg/ml diluted with cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) 1:1 and hyperbaric mepivacaine 40 mg/ml and hyperbaric bupivacaine 5 mg/ml . ASA class I-IV patients undergoing mostly brief urological procedures under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either hyperbaric lidocaine 50 mg/ml diluted with CSF 1:1 ( Group L ) , hyperbaric mepivacaine 40 mg/ml ( Group M ) or hyperbaric bupivacaine 5 mg/ml ( Group B ) . of the patients and details of the surgical procedures and spinal anesthesias were similar in all groups except for the intensity of motor block . patients were evaluated on the first postoperative day by an anesthesiologist who did not know which spinal anesthetic agent had been used . patients ( 20 % ) in group L , 11 patients ( 37 % ) in Group M and none ( 0 % ) in Group B experienced pain in the legs and/or back ( TRI ) after spinal anesthesia . is frequent after spinal anesthesia induced with hyperbaric lidocaine 50 mg/ml diluted with CSF 1:1 . incidence of TRI after hyperbaric mepivacaine 40 mg/ml is of the same magnitude . could not be observed after bupivacaine spinal anesthesia ."
4893,Abstract #4893,"compare the efficiencies of the operative procedures , the changes in postoperative corneal endothelial cell density ( ECD ) , and incision performance after cataract surgery using 2 different phacoemulsification tips . Clinic , Marshalltown , Iowa , USA . randomized prospective study of 119 consecutive cases was conducted . patients were adults having phacoemulsification using a modified in situ fracture technique . cases were done by 1 surgeon using the Alcon Legacy 20000 phacoemulsification machine with normal vacuum cassettes and tubing . of 2 45 degree phacoemulsification tips was used : the 1.1 mm TurboSonics ( n = 65 ) or the 0.9 mm MicroTip ( n = 54 ) . at the time of surgery included metered phacoemulsification time and mean phacoemulsification power . keratometry and ECD by contact specular microscopy were determined preoperatively and 10 weeks postoperatively . mean metered phacoemulsification time was statistically significantly different between the 2 groups : 1.1 mm TurboSonics = 1.25 minutes ; 0.9 mm MicroTip = 1.66 minutes . mean ultrasound power was also significantly different : 1.1 mm TurboSonics = 52.98 % ; 0.9 MicroTip = 49.07 % . of corneal ECD was not significantly different : 1.1 mm TurboSonic = 3.68 % ; 0.9 mm MicroTip = 5.79 % . diopters of induced incisional keratometric flattering was similar : 1.1 mm TurboSonics , 0.32 diopters ( D ) + / - 0.61 ( SD ) ; 0.9 mm MicroTip , 0.25 + / - 0.49 D. were no cases of anterior radial capsule tear , posterior capsule tear , vitreous loss , iris aspiration , suture closure , or incision leak . a longer mean metered phacoemulsification time was required with the 0.9 mm MicroTip , corneal endothelial cell loss and incisional keratometric performance were not different from those of cases in which the larger 1.1 mm TurboSonics tip was used . tips can be used effectively and safely for phacoemulsification of the human cataract ."
4894,Abstract #4894,"study investigates the efficacy of the 6-hour REACH Forgiveness intervention among culturally diverse undergraduates . undergraduates ( N = 102 ) and foreign extraction ( 46.2 % ) and domestic ( 43.8 % ) students in the United States were randomly assigned to immediate treatment or waitlist conditions . efficacy and the effect of culture on treatment response were assessed using measures of emotional and decisional forgiveness across 3 time periods . in the treatment condition reported greater improvement in emotional forgiveness , but not decisional forgiveness , relative to those in the waitlist condition . were maintained at a 1-week follow-up . culture did not moderate the effect of treatment , a main effect of culture on emotional forgiveness and marginally significant interaction effect of culture on decisional forgiveness were found . REACH Forgiveness intervention was efficacious for college students from different cultural backgrounds when conducted in the United States . , some evidence may warrant development of culturally adapted forgiveness interventions ."
4895,Abstract #4895,"investigate whether lower risk HLA class II genotypes would influence the efficacy of DiaPep277 therapy in protecting - cell function evaluated by C-peptide secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetic subjects . were collected from type 1 diabetic subjects enrolled in multicenter phase II studies with a randomized , double-blind , and placebo-controlled design in whom fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels were measured . genotypes were classified in high , moderate , and low risk categories . total of 146 subjects ( aged 4.3 to 58.5 years ) were enrolled , including 76 children ( < 18 years old ) and 70 adults . baseline , there was a significant increase in fasting , maximal , and area under the curve ( AUC ) C-peptide from high to moderate and low risk HLA genotypes in adults ( P for trend < 0.04 ) but not in children . showed a decrease of the three parameters over time regardless of therapy and HLA genotype . adults with low risk genotype had significantly higher maximal and AUC C-peptide versus placebo at 12 months ( 0.04 0.07 vs. -0.28 0.09 nmol/L , P < 0.01 , and 0.53 1.3 vs. -4.59 1.5 nmol/L , P < 0.05 , respectively ) . the moderate risk genotype group , maximal and AUC C-peptide values were significantly higher in DiaPep277-treated versus placebo-treated patients ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 , respectively ) . exploratory study demonstrates that type 1 diabetic adults with low and moderate risk HLA genotypes benefit the most from intervention with DiaPep277 ; the only subgroup with an increase of C-peptide at 12 months after diagnosis was the low risk DiaPep277-treated subgroup ."
4896,Abstract #4896,"is associated with poor fitness and adverse metabolic consequences in children . investigate how exercise and lifestyle modification may improve fitness and insulin sensitivity in this population . controlled trial , 21 obese ( body mass index95 % percentile ) subjects , ages 10 to 17 years . were given standardized healthful lifestyle advice for 8 weeks . addition , they were randomized to an in-home supervised exercise intervention ( n = 10 ) or control group ( n = 11 ) . laboratory studies ( insulin , glucose , lipid profile ) and assessments of fitness , body composition , skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation and intramyocellular lipid content ( IMCL ) , were performed at baseline and study completion . were 13.01.9 ( standard deviation ) years old , 72 % female and 44 % non-white . improved fitness ( P = 0.03 ) and power ( P = 0.01 ) , and increased IMCL ( P = 0.02 ) . decreased among all subjects in response to lifestyle modification advice ( P = 0.01 ) , regardless of exercise training assignment . univariate analysis in all subjects , change in cardiovascular fitness was associated with change in HOMA-IR . exploratory analyses , increased IMCL was associated with greater resting energy expenditure ( r = 0.78 , P = 0.005 ) and a decrease in fasting respiratory quotient ( r = -0.70 , P = 0.02 ) ( n = 11 ) . in fitness was found to be related to change in insulin resistance in response to lifestyle modification and exercise in obese children . increased with exercise in these obese children , which may reflect greater muscle lipid oxidative capacity ."
4897,Abstract #4897,"new neuro-protective agents , Edaravone and Citicoline were recently found to be beneficial in acute ischemic stroke ( AIS ) . there is no study to compare these two agents on same protocol in AIS . study was aimed to compare these two neuroprotective agents in AIS . patients of age more than 18 years who presented within 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke were randomly treated with Edaravone ( group E ) , Citicoline ( group C ) or none ( group N ) with other standard treatment of AIS . Rankin Scale ( MRS ) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale ( NIHSS ) were recorded on admission and at 3 months . was done using Anova t test to find out significant difference in outcome at 3 months . value of < or = 0.05 was labeled as significant . MRS and NIHSS scores at 3 months were lowest in group E ( p = 0.000 ) , suggestive of better outcome in this group . application of severity scale , 15 patients ( 68.1 % ) in group-E , 14 ( 58.3 % ) in group C and 18 ( 72 % ) in group N had moderate to severe stroke ( NIHSS of more than 10 ) . the patients of moderate to severe stroke were analyzed separately at 3 months , patients in group E ( mean 4.46 + / - 3.52 ) had significantly ( p = 0.00 ) better outcome in comparison to group C ( mean 10.28 + / - 7.93 ) and group N ( mean 9.38 + / - 6.44 ) . was found to be associated with better neurological outcome at 3 months . 's role as a neuroprotective agent however remains controversial in acute ischaemic stroke ."
4898,Abstract #4898,"best criteria for surfactant treatment in the perinatal period are unknown and this makes it of interest to consider the possible economic implications of lessening the use of more restrictive criteria . objective of this study is the evaluation of the costs of respiratory care for preterm infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome ( RDS ) treated with `` early rescue '' surfactant compared to a `` late rescue '' strategy . study was carried out applying the costs of materials used , of staff and pharmacological therapy calculated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ( NICU ) of an Italian hospital to the Verder et al. study ( Pediatrics 1999 ) clinical data . cost for patients treated with early strategy was slightly lower than for patients treated with late strategy ( Euro 4,901.70 vs. Euro 4,960.07 ) . cost of treatment with surfactant was greater in the early group ( Euro 458.49 vs. Euro 311.74 ) , but this was compensated by the greater cost of treatment with Mechanical Ventilation ( MV ) in the late group ( respectively Euro 108.85 vs. Euro 259.25 ) . cost-effectiveness analysis performed in this study shows how early treatment with surfactant in preterm infants with RDS , as well as being clinically more effective , is associated with a slightly lower cost ."
4899,Abstract #4899,"systems that include an active pectoral pulse generator are now standard for initial defibrillator implantations . , the optimal transvenous lead system and coil location for such active can configurations are unknown . purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefit and optimal position of a superior vena cava ( SVC ) coil on defibrillation thresholds with an active left pectoral pulse generator and right ventricular coil . prospective , randomized study was performed on 27 patients . subject was evaluated with three lead configurations , with the order of testing randomized . shocks were delivered between the right ventricular coil and an active can alone ( unipolar ) , or an active can in common with the proximal coil positioned either at the right atrial/SVC junction ( low SVC ) or in the left subclavian vein ( high SVC ) . energies at defibrillation threshold were higher for the single-coil , unipolar configuration ( 11.2 + / - 6.6 J ) than for the high ( 8.9 + / - 4.2 J ) or low ( 8.5 + / - 4.2 J ) SVC configurations ( P < 0.01 ) . , 96 % of subjects had low ( < or = 15 J ) thresholds with the SVC coil in either position compared with 81 % for the single-coil configuration . impedance ( P < 0.001 ) was increased with the unipolar configuration , whereas peak current was reduced ( P < 0.001 ) . addition of a proximal transvenous coil to an active can unipolar lead configuration reduces defibrillation energy requirements . position of this coil has no significant effect on defibrillation thresholds ."
4900,Abstract #4900,"liver is an important organ for various aspects of glucose metabolism , including glucose uptake , storage , and synthesis . is a major organ in the metabolic process with perfusion provided by both the portal vein and hepatic artery . diabetic patients organ perfusion is reduced and this is linked to atherosclerosis , and as a result complications occur . this study , we aimed to evaluate liver perfusion by scintigraphic methods in diabetic patients . retrospectively investigated 1,100 myocardial perfusion scintigraphies taken between January 2011 and December 2012 at Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Medical Faculty Nuclear Medicine Department . total of 66 patients who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and had myocardial perfusion scintigraphies were included in the study . control subjects included 127 patients without diabetes mellitus who were chosen at random . with chronic liver disease were not included in the study . values from liver regions of interest ( liver-ROI ) rates and heart regions of interest ( heart-ROI ) rates were compared between the patients and controls . were grouped according to the presence of diabetes . the diabetes mellitus group , the liver-ROI average was lower ( p = 0.66 ) than in the controls . the control group , the average liver-ROI/heart-ROI ratios were higher than the ratio in the diabetes mellitus group ( p = 0.019 ) . variance analysis showed that the diabetes mellitus liver-ROI/heart-ROI ratio was independent of other risk factors ( p = 0.003 ; F : 9.6 ) . by Editorial Manager ( ) and ProduXion Manager ( ) from Aries Systems Corporation . study shows that liver perfusion in diabetic patients is reduced compared with those without diabetes . studies with larger patient groups are required ."
4901,Abstract #4901,"compare the performance of an admission-avoidance hospital-at-home scheme one year after the end of a randomised trial with its performance during the trial . study of patients admitted to the scheme during a period of 12-19 months after the trial ended . addition to routine data from service records , patients were interviewed at three days , two weeks and three months after admission , using the same instruments as used in the trial . 78 patients admitted to hospital-at-home during the follow-up period were included , and compared with the 95 patients admitted during the trial . referral rate to hospital-at-home was the same ( 11 per month ) as during the trial . the trial , patients were randomised to hospital-at-home or hospital , meaning that hospital-at-home worked at about double the trial volume in the post-trial period . characteristics showed no statistically significant differences except that post-trial patients were less cognitively impaired . were no statistically significant differences between the groups in survival at two weeks and three months , or in Barthel index , Sickness Impact Profile 68 and Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale . of stay in hospital-at-home was significantly shorter in the post-trial period ( median of five days versus seven , P < 0.001 ) , and more patients received a visit from their general practitioner during the period of admission ( 54 % versus 38 % , P = 0.04 ) ; otherwise there were no significant differences in process measures . from working at higher volume and achieving a shorter length of stay , performance of the hospital-at-home scheme a year after the trial ended was little different from that reported during the trial . is an example of an observational study providing evidence to support the generalisability of trial findings ."
4902,Abstract #4902,"compare the ease of use of atraumatic needles with standard needles for diagnostic lumbar puncture and the incidence of headache after their use . blind , randomised controlled trial . ward of a neurology unit in a university hospital . patients requiring elective diagnostic lumbar puncture . protocol for lumbar puncture with 20 gauge atraumatic or standard needles . primary end point was intention to treat analysis of incidence of moderate to severe headache , assessed at one week by telephone interview . end points were incidence of headache at one week analysed by needle type , ease of use by operator according to a visual analogue scale , incidence of backache , and failure rate of puncture . outcome data were available for 97 of 101 patients randomised . characteristics were matched except for higher body mass index in the standard needle group . an intention to treat analysis the absolute risk of moderate to severe headache with atraumatic needles was reduced by 26 % ( 95 % confidence interval 6 % to 45 % ) compared with standard needles , but there was a non-significantly greater absolute risk of multiple attempts at lumbar puncture ( 14 % , -4 % to 32 % ) . body mass index was associated with an increased failure rate with atraumatic needles , but the reduced incidence of headache was maintained . need for medical interventions was reduced by 20 % ( 1 % to 40 % ) . needles significantly reduced the incidence of moderate to severe headache and the need for medical interventions after diagnostic lumbar punctures , but they were associated with a higher failure rate than standard needles ."
4903,Abstract #4903,"investigate whether 12 week inspiratory muscle training ( IMT ) has any impact on pulmonary function , maximum respiratory pressures and diaphragmatic mobility ( DM ) in morbidly obese subjects . morbidly obese individuals were assessed . were randomised into two groups . IMT group ( n = 16 ) followed an IMT protocol for 12 weeks , with a training load of 30 % of maximal inspiratory pressure ( PImax ) . control group ( CG ) ( n = 15 ) followed the same protocol but without inspiratory load . total of 14 subjects performed IMT for 12 weeks . increases in PImax ( -86.86 -20.70 cmH2O versus -106.43 -32.97 cmH2O , p < 0.05 ) and maximal voluntary ventilation ( 97.8437.06 L/min versus 115.1734.17 L/min , p < 0.05 ) were observed in the IMT group when compared to baseline . , only FIV1 significantly differed between the IMT group and the CG after the 12 week protocol ( 3.350.96 L versus 2.221.07 L , respectively ; p < 0.05 ) . significant differences were found in DM after the IMT protocol was performed . improved PImax and altered the FIV1 . results suggest that the improvements in muscular respiratory efficiency were insufficient to mobilise the diaphragm and modify ventilation mechanics . IMT may be a valuable approach in obese patients for preventing post-operative pulmonary complications . -- NCT01449643 -- The Influence of IMT on Diaphragmatic Mobility in Morbidly Obese . Obesity Morbid obesity is a disabling condition that has a serious negative impact on lung function , respiratory muscle function and quality of life . Muscle Training ( IMT ) is a technique which aims to improve pulmonary expansion and to prevent post surgery complications on morbid obese individuals . study shows significantly increased on maximal inspiratory pressure , maximal voluntary ventilation and promoted changes on spirometric variables after IMT ."
4904,Abstract #4904,"performed a prospective , randomized clinical trial to evaluate the outcome of ureteral stents for solitary ureteral stones 2 cm or less in moderately or severely obstructed systems using shock wave lithotripsy . 2001 and 2004 , 186 patients who met study criteria were randomized into 2 groups . 1 received a pre-shock wave lithotripsy 6Fr Double-J stent and group 2 had no stent . were treated with a Dornier MFL 5000 lithotripter . were compared in terms of clearance rates , number of shock waves and sessions , irritative voiding symptoms , incidence of complications and secondary interventions . was defined as the need for additional procedure ( s ) for stone extraction . 164 patients ( 88.2 % ) became stone-free after shock wave lithotripsy . stone fragmentation was achieved after 1 to 3 and more than 3 session in 108 ( 58.1 % ) , 30 ( 16.1 % ) , 13 ( 7 % ) and 14 patients ( 7.5 % ) , respectively . stent insertion did not affect the stone-free rate , which was 84.9 % and 91.4 % in groups 1 and 2 , respectively ( p = 0.25 ) . was no statistical difference in the re-treatment rate , flank pain or temperature in the 2 groups . , all patients in the stented group significantly complained of side effects attributable to the stent , including dysuria , suprapubic pain , hematuria , pyuria and positive urinary culture . stenting provides no advantage over in situ shock wave lithotripsy for significantly obstructing ureteral calculi . wave lithotripsy is reasonable initial therapy for ureteral stones 2 cm or less that cause moderate or severe hydronephrosis ."
4905,Abstract #4905,"study used tumour specimens from a clinical trial on intermittent androgen suppression ( IAS ) to study the effects of castration on tissue morphology , cell proliferation , apoptosis , and the expression of androgen receptor ( AR ) . total of 113 representative needle biopsy specimens were available from 29 patients for evaluation of the Gleason score as well as Ki-67 , cleaved caspase-3 , and AR immunostaining . 6 mo from the beginning of the first androgen withdrawal , cell proliferation activity was significantly ( p = 0.002 ) reduced , whereas no effect on apoptosis was found . nonsignificant trend to an increase in Gleason score after castration was found . cycles of withdrawals had no significant effect on any of the measured parameters . Gleason score , proliferation activity , and apoptosis rate showed only heterogeneous , nonsignificant changes after the first progression . nuclear AR staining was evident in all cancer specimens . findings suggest that the long-term ( months ) effect of androgen withdrawal on tumour growth is due to the inhibition of proliferation . the tumours seem to become resistant to castration at the first cycle of treatment withheld , it is possible that IAS does not postpone the emergence of ablation-resistant tumours . was no consistent sign of increased proliferation or Gleason score during the treatment , suggesting that the biologic aggressiveness of a particular tumour is defined already at an early stage of disease . constant nuclear expression of AR in cancer cells indicates that the AR signalling remains active despite of the androgen withdrawal ."
4906,Abstract #4906,"assess the cost effectiveness of the Expert Patients Programme ( EPP ) intervention compared to a treatment as usual alternative . pragmatic randomised controlled trial design with waiting list control . settings in England . with a wide range of self-defined long-term conditions . EPP based on the US chronic disease self management program ( CDSMP ) , a lay-led self-care group involving six weekly sessions to teach self-care support skills . estimated over a 6-month period from a societal perspective . outcomes estimated in terms of quality adjusted life years ( QALYs ) generated by patients ' response to the EQ5D at baseline and 6-month follow-up . intervention group is associated with better patient outcomes , at slightly lower cost . , the intervention group has a 0.020 QALY gain compared with the control group , and a reduced cost of around 27 pounds per patient . intervention would therefore be considered dominant . the QALYs gained are small in absolute terms , an additional 0.02 QALY is equivalent to an extra one week of perfect health per year . the value of a QALY is 20,000 pounds the EPP has a probability of 94 % of being cost effective . , for all plausible values of willingness-to-pay for a QALY the EPP group is more likely to be cost effective than the control group . EPP intervention evaluated in this trial is very likely to provide a cost effective alternative to usual care in people with long-term conditions ."
4907,Abstract #4907,"pediatric life support ( EPLS ) of children infected with transmissible respiratory diseases requires adequate respiratory protection for medical first responders . air-purifying respirators ( APR ) and modern loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirator-hoods ( PAPR-hood ) may have a different impact during pediatric resuscitation and therefore require evaluation . study investigated the influence of APRs and PAPR-hoods during simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation . design was a randomized , controlled , crossover study . paramedics carried out a standardized EPLS scenario inside an ambulance , either unprotected ( control ) or wearing a conventional APR or a PAPR-hood . times and wearer comfort were determined and compared . paramedics completed the treatment objectives of the study arms without adverse events . subjects reported that communication , dexterity and mobility were significantly better in the APR group , whereas the heat-build-up was significantly less in the PAPR-hood group . times compared to the control group did not significantly differ for the APR group but did with the PAPR-hood group ( 26112 seconds for the controls , 2759 seconds for the conventional APR and 28613 seconds for the PAPR-hood group , P < .05 . showed a trend to better treatment times compared to PAPR-hoods during simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation . participants rated mobility , ease of communication and dexterity with the tight-fitting APR system significantly better compared to the loose-fitting PAPR-hood ."
4908,Abstract #4908,"light consumption of alcohol appears to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease , whereas in heavier drinkers the opposite effect is seen . biphasic relationship could partly be due to contrasting actions of low and high alcohol intake on endothelial function . determine whether reducing alcohol intake in moderate-to-heavy drinkers ( 40-110 g/day ) would improve conduit artery endothelial function as assessed by post-ischaemic brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation ( FMD ) . a two-way cross-over study , 16 healthy men either substituted their usual alcohol intake with a 0.9 % alcohol beer or maintained their usual alcohol intake during sequential 4-week periods . the end of each period of FMD and glyceryl trinitrate-induced brachial artery dilatation , blood pressure , plasma lipids , homocysteine and biomarkers of alcohol consumption ( gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ) and endothelial function ( E-selectin , von Willebrand factor , endothelin-1 ) were assessed . participants reduced their alcohol intake from 72.4 to 7.9 g/day . self-reported reduction in alcohol intake was corroborated by significant decreases in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( 24 % ) . decrease in alcohol intake resulted in reductions in total cholesterol ( 5 % ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( 17 % ) , homocysteine ( 9 % ) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure [ 5 mmHg ( P = 0.01 ) and 4 mmHg ( P = 0.003 ) , respectively ] . was no effect of alcohol on FMD ( 6.23 + / - 0.75 % compared with 6.24 + / - 0.71 % , P = NS ) , glyceryl trinitrate-induced vasodilatation , E-selectin , endothelin-1 and von Willebrand factor . reduction in alcohol intake in healthy moderate-to-heavy drinkers does not improve endothelial function as measured by post-ischaemic flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery or biomarkers of endothelial function ."
4909,Abstract #4909,"previously found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and low medication regimen compliance in Arab and East Indian women residing in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) . appropriate dosing regimen for improving vitamin D status in this population is not known . aimed to determine the efficacy of daily and monthly supplementation with vitamin D2 , the only high-dose calciferol available in the UAE , in lactating and nulliparous women . lactating ( n = 90 ) and nulliparous ( n = 88 ) women were randomly assigned to consume 2000 IU vitamin D2/d or 60,000 IU vitamin D2/mo for 3 mo. . 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ 25 ( OH ) D ] concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay at baseline and every month . women had vitamin D deficiency [ ie , 25 ( OH ) D < 50 nmol/L ] at study entry . + / - SD 25 ( OH ) D concentrations at 3 mo were significantly higher than baseline in both lactating ( 39.8 + / - 12.4 and 25.2 + / - 10.7 nmol/L , respectively ) and nulliparous ( 40.4 + / - 23.4 and 19.3 + / - 12.2 nmol/L , respectively ) women ( P < 0.001 for both ) . total , vitamin D supplementation was effective in achieving serum 25 ( OH ) D concentrations of > or = 50 nmol/L in 21 ( 30 % ) of 71 women at endpoint . vitamin D2 supplementation with 2000 IU/d or 60,000 IU/mo for 3 mo was safe , and it increased serum 25 ( OH ) D concentrations significantly ; however , only a small proportion of the women studied achieved concentrations of > or = 50 nmol/L . suggests that , when sunlight exposure is limited , doses of vitamin D2 higher than those currently studied may be needed . dosing appears to be a safe and effective alternative to daily dosing ."
4910,Abstract #4910,"assess the safety of transcorneal electrical stimulation ( TES ) and explore its efficacy in various subjective and objective parameters of visual function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa ( RP ) . patients in this prospective , randomized , partially blinded , good-clinical-practice study underwent TES ( 5-ms biphasic pulses ; 20 Hz ; DTL electrodes ) 30 minutes per week for 6 consecutive weeks . patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups : sham , 66 % , or 150 % of individual electrical phosphene threshold ( EPT ) . acuity ( VA ) , visual field ( VF ; kinetic , static ) , electroretinography ( Ganzfeld , multifocal ) , dark-adaptation ( DA ) , color discrimination , and EPTs were assessed at all visits or four times , according to the study plan . using DTL electrodes was tolerated well ; all patients finished the study . adverse ( foreign body sensation ) , but no serious adverse events were encountered . was a tendency for most functional parameters to improve ( 8/18 ) or to remain constant ( 8/18 ) in the 150 % group . area and scotopic b-wave amplitude reached statistical significance ( P < 0.027 and P < 0.001 , respectively ) . desaturated color discrimination and VF mean sensitivity decreased . was no obvious trend in the 66 % group . was found to be safe in RP patients . trends were discovered , but due to the small sample size of this exploratory study , statistical significance was reached only for VF area and scotopic b-wave amplitude . studies with larger sample sizes and longer duration are needed to confirm the findings and to define optimal stimulation parameters . ClinicalTrials.gov number , NCT00804102 . )"
4911,Abstract #4911,"aim of this study was to compare treadmill exercise ( TEX ) and dipyridamole stress on the uptake and retention of N-13 ammonia . and severity of stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects are clinically important . ammonia uptake and retention seems to be related to perfusion , viability , and metabolism , exercise stress might induce larger perfusion defects than dipyridamole stress . patients underwent TEX and dipyridamole stress N-13 ammonia positron emission tomography ( PET ) . were assessed with a 17-segment model and a five-point score . stress score ( SSS ) , summed rest score ( SRS ) , and summed difference score ( SDS ) were calculated . ventricular ( LV ) defect sizes were measured quantitatively with a 70 % threshold for abnormal perfusion . with dipyridamole stress , TEX yielded larger SSS ( 9.1 + / - 5.7 vs. 6.9 + / - 5.9 ; p < 0.01 ) , SDS ( 5.8 + / - 4.7 vs. 3.7 + / - 4.6 ; p < 0.02 ) , and percentage of LV stress defect ( 19.3 + / - 11.5 % vs. 13.8 + / - 13.6 % ; p < 0.02 ) . patients achieving adequate exercise , TEX N-13 ammonia PET myocardial perfusion imaging ( MPI ) yields larger stress perfusion defects than dipyridamole stress and might reflect the true myocardial ischemic burden . exercise might be the preferred method of stress for routine N-13 ammonia PET MPI ."
4912,Abstract #4912,"Levetiracetam has been evaluated for epilepsy since 1992 . Pharmacokinetic studies of levetiracetam have been conducted in healthy volunteers , in adults , children and elderly patients with epilepsy , and in patients with renal and hepatic impairment . Although this antiepileptic has been well studied in Western countries , this paper describes the first such trial of the drug in a Chinese population . Information is given on the pharmacokinetics , dose proportionality , safety and tolerability profile of levetiracetam in healthy male Chinese volunteers , and the results are compared with published data obtained in White subjects . The pharmacokinetics and the pattern of adverse events of levetiracetam in Chinese subjects are similar to the data reported in White subjects . main aims of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in healthy male Chinese volunteers and to assess the dose proportionality between the 500-mg and 1500-mg single doses . was a randomized , single-centre , single-dose , two-way crossover study . healthy male Chinese subjects were enrolled . subjects received a single dose of 500 mg or 1500 mg levetiracetam tablet ( s ) on the dosing day , and the wash-out period was 7 days . was obtained for a 36-h pharmacokinetic evaluation . single-dose administration of 500 mg and 1500 mg of levetiracetam , the median t ( max ) was 0.5 and 0.5 h ; t ( 1/2 ) was 7.3 + / - 0.8 and 7.3 + / - 0.7 h ; C ( max ) was 13.6 + / - 3.2 and 47.1 + / - 12.1 microg ml ( -1 ) ; AUC ( 0-infinity ) was 109.3 + / - 14.1 and 340.4 + / - 50.6 microg h ( -1 ) ml ( -1 ) ; and AUC ( 0-t ) was 105.7 + / - 13.3 and 329.0 + / - 47.9 microg h ( -1 ) ml ( -1 ) , respectively . C ( max ) and AUCs were dose-proportional over the range of 500-1500 mg . pharmacokinetic data obtained in these Chinese subjects were similar to the historical data from a matched group of White subjects ."
4913,Abstract #4913,"support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery . is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties . influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro - and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy . patients received randomized and blinded either 2 micrograms.kg-1 . of dopexamine ( n = 15 ) or placebo ( n = 15 , control group ) . infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day . ( ET-1 ) , vasopressin , atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) , and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples . were carried out after induction of anaesthesia , 2 h after onset of surgery , at the end of surgery , 2 h after surgery , and on the morning of the first postoperative day . index ( CI ) increased significantly in the dopexamine group ( from 2.61 + / - 0.41 to 4.57 + / - 0.78 l.min-1 . ) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day . delivery index ( DO2I ) and oxygen consumption index ( VO2I ) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group ( DO2I : from 416 + / - 91 to 717 + / - 110 ml/m2 . ; VO2I : from 98 + / - 25 to 157 + / - 22 ml/m2 . ) , being significantly higher than in the control group . remained stable only in the dopexamine patients , indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion . regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients ( vasopressin : from 4.37 + / - 1.1 to 35.9 + / - 12.1 pg/ml ; ET-1 : from 2.88 + / - 0.91 to 6.91 + / - 1.20 pg/ml ) . undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow ."
4914,Abstract #4914,"evaluate the pharmacokinetics and acid-suppressive effects of esomeprazole in infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) . this single-blind , randomized , parallel-group study , 50 infants 1 to 24 months old with symptoms of GERD , and > or = 5 % of time with intraesophageal pH < 4 during 24-hour dual pH monitoring , received oral esomeprazole 0.25 mg/kg ( n = 26 ) or 1 mg/kg ( n = 24 ) once daily for 1 week . and intragastric pH were recorded at 1 week , and blood samples were taken for pharmacokinetic analysis . baseline , mean percentages of time with intragastric pH > 4 and intraesophageal pH < 4 were 30.5 % and 11.6 % , respectively , in the esomeprazole 0.25 mg/kg group and 28.6 % and 12.5 % in the esomeprazole 1 mg/kg group . 1 week of treatment , times with intragastric pH > 4 were 47.9 % and 69.3 % in the esomeprazole 0.25 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg groups , respectively ( P < 0.001 vs baseline ) , and times with intraesophageal pH < 4 were 8.4 % ( P < 0.05 vs baseline ) and 5.5 % ( P < 0.001 vs. baseline ) , respectively . mean number of acid reflux episodes of > 5 minutes duration decreased from 6 at baseline to 3 and 2 with esomeprazole 0.25 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg , respectively . geometric mean AUC0-t of esomeprazole were 0.24 and 1.79 micromol x h/L for the 0.25 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg dosages of esomeprazole , respectively . esomeprazole dosages were well tolerated . treatment with esomeprazole 0.25 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg was well tolerated and provided dose-related acid suppression , dose-related exposure to esomeprazole , and decreased esophageal acid exposure in infants 1-24 months old with GERD ."
4915,Abstract #4915,"infiltration of the nasal mucosa causes hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery ( FESS ) under general anesthesia . prospective randomized-controlled study was designed to determine whether relatively light general anesthesia is superior to fluid expansion in reducing epinephrine-induced hypotension during FESS . patients undergoing elective FESS under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to three groups with 30 patients in each . patient received local infiltration with adrenaline-containing ( 5 microg/ml ) lidocaine ( 1 % , 4 ml ) under different conditions . Group I , anesthesia was maintained with propofol 2 microg/ml and rimifentanil 2 ng/ml by TCI . II ( control group ) and Group III received propofol 4 microg/ml and rimifentanil 4 ng/ml , respectively . Groups I and II , fluid expansion was performed with hetastarch 5 ml/kg within 20 minutes ; hetastarch 10 ml/kg was used in Group III . arterial pressure ( MAP ) and heart rate ( HR ) were recorded at 30-second-intervals for 5 minutes after the beginning of local infiltration . , the lowest and the highest MAP were recorded to calculate the mean maximum increase or decrease percent in MAP for all patients in each group . analysis was performed by chi ( 2 ) test , one-way analysis of variance , or one-way analysis of covariance . changes , particularly a decrease in MAP accompanied by an increase in HR at 1.5 minutes ( P < 0.05 ) , were observed in all groups . mean maximum decrease in MAP below baseline was 14 % in Group I , 24 % in Group III and 26 % in Group II . were statistically significant differences between Group I and Groups II and III ( P < 0.05 ) . mean maximum increase in MAP above baseline was 9 % in Group I , 6 % in Group III and 2 % in Group II . light general anesthesia can reduce the severity of epinephrine-induced hypotension more effectively than fluid expansion during FESS under general anesthesia ."
4916,Abstract #4916,"evaluate routine oral calcium and vitamin D administration for preventing symptoms of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy . total of 487 consecutive patients were prospectively randomized into two groups in terms of routine oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation : In the control group ( 244 patients ) the treatment was not routinely started after surgery , whereas the treated group ( 243 patients ) received routine supplementation that started on postoperative day 1 . of treated group had only minor hypocalcemia symptoms , whereas 7 patients of control group experienced carpopedal spasm as a major symptom ( p < 0.001 ) . of the patients in the treated group required intravenous calcium administration . hospital stay of the treated group patients was significantly shorter than that of control group ( p < 0.001 ) . postoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation therapy may be useful for the prevention of symptomatic hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and may allow for a safe and early discharge from the hospital ."
4917,Abstract #4917,"infection is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide , but no suitable antiviral drugs are available . tested the - glucosidase inhibitor celgosivir as a treatment for acute dengue fever . establish eligibility for inclusion in a phase 1b , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled , proof-of-concept trial , individuals aged 21-65 years who had had a fever ( 38C ) for less than 48 h , met at least two criteria indicating probable dengue infection , and had a positive result on a dengue point-of-care test kit or PCR assay were referred for screening at a centre in Singapore between July 30 , 2012 , and March 4 , 2013 . a web-based system , we randomly assigned patients who met full inclusion criteria after screening ( 1:1 ; random permuted block length four ) to celgosivir ( initial 400 mg loading dose within 6 h of randomisation , followed by 200 mg every 12 h for a total of nine doses ) or matched placebo . and the entire study team were masked to group assignment . primary endpoints were mean virological log reduction ( VLR ) from baseline for days 2 , 3 , and 4 , and area under the fever curve ( AUC ) for a temperature above 37C from 0 h to 96 h. Efficacy analyses were by intention to treat . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01619969 . screened 69 patients and randomly assigned 50 ( 24 to celgosivir , 26 to placebo ) . VLR was greater in the celgosivir group ( -186 , SD 107 ) than in the placebo group ( -164 , 075 ) , but the difference was non-significant ( -022 , 90 % CI -065 to 022 ; one-sided p = 0203 ) . mean AUC was also higher in the celgosivir group ( 5492 , SD 3104 ) than in the placebo group ( 4072 , 1869 ) , but again the difference was non-significant ( 1420 , 90 % CI 216-2625 ; one-sided p = 0973 ) . noted similar incidences of adverse events between groups . generally safe and well tolerated , celgosivir does not seem to reduce viral load or fever burden in patients with dengue . Dengue Translational Clinical Research ."
4918,Abstract #4918,"explore the integrative medicinal therapy for non-gonococcal cervicitis ( NGC ) in order to elevate the therapeutic effect for patients treated in vain after long-term application of antibiotics . patients with NGC were treated with Qingyuan decoction combined with antibiotics , and other 46 patients were treated with antibiotics alone for control . cure rate and significant effective rate was 90.0 % ( 45/50 ) and 65.2 % ( 30/46 ) in the treated group and the control group , it was significantly different between the two groups ( chi2 = 9.58 , P < 0.01 ) . disappearance rate of symptom was 88.1 % and 41.4 % in the two group after treated for two weeks respectively , and it was also significantly different ( chi2 = 12.42 , P < 0.01 ) . therapeutic effect of NGC treated by sensitive antibiotics combined with Qingyuan decoction is better than that treated with western medicine only ."
4919,Abstract #4919,"evaluate the clinical efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a preanesthetic medication administered prior to anesthetic induction with ketamine or propofol and with or without isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia . , blinded , controlled clinical trial . client-owned cats . requiring general anesthesia for short or long procedures were assigned to receive 1 of 4 preanesthetic and induction drug combinations ( dexmedetomidine and ketamine , placebo [ saline { 0.9 % NaCl } solution ] and ketamine , dexmedetomidine and propofol , or placebo and propofol ) . undergoing long procedures received isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia . of dexmedetomidine prior to anesthetic induction with ketamine significantly increased the intubation success rate ( 57/64 [ 89 % ] ) , compared with the success rate for the placebo ( 4/37 [ 11 % ] ) ; significantly reduced the median induction dose of propofol ( 5.1 mg/kg [ 2.32 mg/lb ] ) , compared with that for the placebo ( 10.5 mg/kg [ 4.77 mg/lb ] ) ; and significantly reduced the isoflurane concentration ( 1.5 % ) required for anesthesia maintenance , compared with that for the placebo ( 3.0 % ) . , fewer cats receiving dexmedetomidine required rescue analgesia , and cats had lower pain scores for at least 2 hours after surgery , compared with results for cats receiving the placebo . rate was lower during the procedure and respiratory rate and rectal temperature were lower during and after the procedure for cats receiving dexmedetomidine . cats that received dexmedetomidine had emesis and pale mucous membranes , compared with the number of cats with those signs that received placebo . as a preanesthetic was efficacious for clinical use in cats requiring general anesthesia ."
4920,Abstract #4920,"upset is a common side effect of nilotinib therapy , and calcium carbonate is frequently used concomitantly , either as antacid or as calcium supplementation . the increasing number of oral agents in cancer therapy , oral drug-drug interactions are becoming more relevant . has already been shown to be absorbed to a much lesser extent when co-administered with proton pump inhibitors . exposure to sub-therapeutic concentrations of anticancer drugs such as nilotinib may result in selection of resistant clones and ultimately relapse , we studied the effect of a calcium carbonate supplement ( Tums Ultra 1000 ) on nilotinib pharmacokinetics . carbonate may be co-administered with nilotinib without significantly affecting the pharmacokinetics of nilotinib and potentially impacting efficacy . is a second-generation oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with superior efficacy compared with imatinib mesylate in the treatment for chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia . carbonate is commonly used as a source of calcium supplementation or as antacid to ameliorate the gastrointestinal side effects associated with nilotinib , which could have unknown effects on nilotinib absorption . purpose of this study was to provide information on the effect of calcium carbonate on the PK of nilotinib in healthy volunteers . subjects were enrolled in a two-period , open-label , single-institution , randomized , cross-over , fixed-schedule study . one period , each subject received 400 mg of nilotinib p.o. the other period , 4,000 mg of calcium carbonate ( 4 X Tums Ultra 1000 ) was administered p.o. 15 min prior to the nilotinib dose . samples were collected at specified timepoints , concentrations of nilotinib were quantitated by LC-MS , and data were analyzed non-compartmentally . subjects were evaluable . supplementation did not significantly affect nilotinib pharmacokinetic parameters including area under the plasma concentration versus time curve ( 18.4 g/mL h alone vs. 16.9 g/mL h with calcium carbonate , p = 0.83 ; 80 % power ) ; maximum plasma concentration ( C ( max ) ) ( 0.670 g/mL alone vs. 6.18 g/mL with calcium carbonate , p = 0.97 ) ; or half-life ( 18.9 h alone vs. 17.2 h with calcium carbonate , p = 0.18 ) . results indicate that the use of calcium carbonate does not significantly affect nilotinib pharmacokinetics ."
4921,Abstract #4921,"most older people living in nursing homes die there , there is a dearth of robust evaluations of interventions to improve their end-of-life care . usually have multiple health problems making them heavily reliant on staff for their care , which can erode their sense of dignity . Therapy has been developed to help promote dignity and reduce distress . comprises a recorded interview , which is transcribed , edited then returned to the patient , who can bequeath it to people of their choosing . has suggested that Dignity Therapy is beneficial to people dying of cancer and their families . aims of this study are to assess the feasibility , acceptability and potential effectiveness of Dignity Therapy to reduce psychological and spiritual distress in older people reaching the end of life in care homes , and to pilot the methods for a Phase III RCT . randomised controlled open-label trial . residents of care homes for older people are randomly allocated to one of two groups : ( i ) Intervention ( Dignity Therapy offered in addition to any standard care ) , and ( ii ) Control group ( standard care ) . of the `` generativity '' documents are asked their views on taking part in the study and the therapy . quantitative and qualitative outcomes are assessed in face-to-face interviews at baseline and at approximately one and eight weeks after the intervention ( equivalent in the control group ) . primary outcome is residents ' sense of dignity ( potential effectiveness ) assessed by the Patient Dignity Inventory . outcomes for residents include depression , hopefulness and quality of life . view of the relatively small sample size , quantitative analysis is mainly descriptive . qualitative analysis uses the Framework method . Therapy is brief , can be done at the bedside and could help both patients and their families . detailed exploratory research shows if it is feasible to offer Dignity Therapy to residents of care homes , whether it is acceptable to them , their families and care home staff , if it is likely to be effective , and determine whether a Phase III RCT is desirable . Controlled Clinical Trials : ISRCTN37589515 ."
4922,Abstract #4922,"knowledge of the factors that can affect induced sputum results is essential in order to standardize the procedure . investigated the influence of nebulizer output on sputum cell counts and fluid phase measurements at increasing times of sputum induction . adults with stable asthma inhaled an aerosol of 3 % hypertonic saline to induce sputum after 7 , 14 and 21 min on 2 days separated by 48 h. On one day , in random order , the ultrasonic nebulizer used had a relatively low output of 0.87 mL/min ( particle size 5.58 microm mass median aerodynamic diameter , MMAD ) and , on the other , a higher output of 1.90 mL/min ( particle size 4.14 microm MMAD ) . sputum was selected from each expectorate and examined blind to the induction procedures . both nebulizers , the 14 - and 21-min samples were lower in weight , neutrophils , eosinophils , eosinophil cationic protein ( ECP ) and interleukin ( IL ) -8 and higher in macrophages . higher output nebulizer induced sputum with higher cell viability and lower ECP and IL-8 . results identify that the volume of hypertonic saline inhaled in sputum induction influences the fluid-phase measurements . duration of induction does alter the cell counts and suggests that the later expectorated sputum samples originate from more peripheral airways . results draw attention to the need to standardize the volume and time of nebulization to accurately interpret and compare results ."
4923,Abstract #4923,"present study evaluated the efficacy of controlled-release delivery of chlorhexidine gluconate ( CHX ) on clinical parameters and on gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF ) matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP ) -8 levels in chronic periodontitis patients . patients with chronic periodontitis were screened for 6 months . interproximal sites were selected from mesial surfaces of anterior teeth with probing depths of 6 to 8 mm that bled on probing in each patient . were at least 2 teeth between the selected sites . chip was inserted into a randomly selected site following scaling and root planing ( SRP+CHX ) , while the other selected site received only SRP in each patient . depth ( PD ) , clinical attachment level ( CAL ) , plaque index ( PI ) , and papilla bleeding index ( PBI ) were recorded at baseline and at 1 , 3 , and 6 months . MMP-8 levels were analyzed at baseline ; 2 and 10 days ; and at 1 , 3 , and 6 months by immunofluorometric assay ( IFMA ) . baseline , there were no statistically significant differences in the mean PD , CAL , PBI , and PI scores between SRP+CHX and SRP alone groups . 1 , 3 , and 6 months , all clinical parameters in each group significantly decreased ( P < 0.0167 ) when compared to baseline . reduction of PD and improvement in CAL were higher in the SRP+CHX group compared to SRP alone at 3 and 6 months . , the differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant . and PI scores were not significantly different between SRP+CHX and SRP alone groups at any visit . MMP-8 levels were similar in both groups at baseline . analysis showed significant decreases in the GCF MMP-8 level for the SRP+CHX group between baseline and 1 , 3 , and 6 months ( P < 0.01 ) . analysis demonstrated significantly lower mean levels of GCF MMP-8 at 1 month in the SRP+CHX group compared to the SRP alone group ( P < 0.05 ) . data suggest that CHX chip application following SRP is beneficial in improving periodontal parameters and reducing GCF MMP-8 levels for 6 months ' duration . use of a chairside MMP-8 dipstick periodontitis test might be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool when monitoring the course of CHX chip treatment ."
4924,Abstract #4924,"patients require sustained lifestyle changes to reduce their health risks . therefore developed a combined planning and telephone aftercare intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach to enhance physical activity after inpatient rehabilitation for obesity . controlled trial . total of 467 obesity rehabilitation patients ( 55 % male ; mean age 48 years ) . were randomized to receive standard obesity rehabilitation or standard obesity rehabilitation plus the new intervention . in the intervention condition planned individual physical activities they intended to perform after discharge and were followed up by 6 phone calls for 6 months . activity and body weight were assessed after 6 and 12 months . intervention was well accepted by participants . 12 months , effects on physical activity , but not body weight , were found . this point , the duration of physical activity per week was 58 min longer in the intervention group than in the control group . , body weight was reduced to similar degrees in both groups . intervention increased physical activity , but did not reduce body weight , compared with standard care . , even without weight reduction , an increase in physical activity may reduce health risks in obese patients ."
4925,Abstract #4925,"intramucosal pH ( pHi ) , a surrogate marker of tissue oxygenation , falls following abdominal aorta aneurysm ( AAA ) repair . tested the hypothesis that volume replacement with a hydroxyethyl starch solution would result in better preserved splanchnic oxygenation than would volume replacement with crystalloid solutions . was a prospective , randomized , nonblinded study set in a university-affiliated community hospital . patients undergoing elective AAA repair were studied . were randomly selected to receive intraoperative and postoperative fluid replacement with either hetastarch or crystalloid . to the study protocol , patients could not receive in excess of 3,000 mL of hetastarch . oxygenation was assessed indirectly by measuring pHi using a nasogastric tonometer . , oxygenation , and pHi data were collected preoperatively , preclamp , before unclamping , at the end of the procedure and postoperatively for 24 hours . parameters were determined preoperatively and postoperatively for 24 hours . patients were randomized to each group . were 18 male and 12 female patients , whose mean age was 66 + / - 9 years . intraoperative fluid balance was significantly greater in the crystalloid compared with the hetastarch group ( 4,194 + / - 1,500 mL v 2,949 + / - 1,123 mL ; P = .05 , 95 % confidence interval [ C ] 23 to 2,519 mL ) . were no significant differences in the amount of intraoperative blood loss or postoperative transfusion requirements between the two groups . difference between the preoperative pHi and nadir was 0.07 + / - 0.03 in the hetastarch group compared with 0.13 + / - 0.04 in the crystalloid group ( P = .001 , Cl 0.03 to 0.09 ) . multivariate analysis the only variable that influenced the fall in pHi was the type of resuscitation fluid ( F ratio of 7.63 ; P = .01 ) . were no significant differences in hemodynamic - and oxygenation-derived variables or coagulation parameters between the two groups of patients . length of mechanical ventilation , intensive care unit , and hospital stay was comparable between the two groups of patients . patients undergoing major surgery , volume resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch solutions may improve microvascular blood flow and tissue oxygenation ."
4926,Abstract #4926,"( exendin-4 ) exhibits dose-dependent glucoregulatory activity , but causes dose-limiting nausea and vomiting . study was designed to formally assess the possibility of inducing tolerance to the side effects of nausea and vomiting at therapeutic doses of exenatide , using a dose-escalation methodology . this two-arm , triple-blind , multicenter study , 123 subjects with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and randomized ; 99 ( 80.5 % ) of them completed the study . in the exenatide-primed arm received subcutaneous exenatide , starting at 0.02 micro g/kg three times a day ( TID ) and increasing in 0.02 micro g/kg per dose increments every 3 days for 35 days . in the exenatide-naive arm received placebo TID for 35 days . the end of this 35-day regimen , subjects in both arms received the same highest dose of exenatide ( 0.24 micro g/kg TID ) for 3 days . , the exenatide-naive arm received exenatide for the first time on Day 35 . exenatide-primed arm had a lower proportion of subjects experiencing nausea and vomiting in response to exposure to the highest dose of exenatide ( 27 vs 56 % in the exenatide-naive arm ; p = 0.0018 ) . estimates of cumulative incidence were 0.28 in the exenatide-primed arm , compared with 0.68 in the exenatide-naive arm ( p < / = 0.001 ) . predicted by the study design , fewer subjects in the exenatide-primed arm reported severe nausea ( 29 % ) and vomiting ( 10 % ) than those in the exenatide-naive arm ( 48 and 31 % , respectively ) . the exenatide-primed arm , fasting serum glucose progressively declined over the first 35 days of dosing , but was unchanged in the exenatide-naive arm ( placebo phase ) during the same interval . dose-escalation of exenatide successfully reduced the proportion of subjects experiencing dose-limiting nausea and vomiting , with no loss of glucoregulatory activity , thus demonstrating the value of gradual dose-escalation in mitigating the gastrointestinal side effects of exenatide ."
4927,Abstract #4927,"continue to proliferate in dermatology . clinical trials can help determine the advantages and disadvantages of these products as they come to market . randomized , split-face , controlled study compared the efficacy , safety , durability , and volumes of calcium hydroxylapatite ( CaHA ) versus nonanimal-stabilized hyaluronic acid ( NASHA ) in nasolabial folds . patients were enrolled at two medical clinics in Europe ( Summer 2005 ) . received two injections 3 months apart . returned at 6 , 9 , and 12 months for a blinded evaluation , using accepted aesthetic rating scales . events were recorded throughout the study . all time points , CaHA was found to be more effective than NASHA . 12 months , 79 % of CaHA folds were still improved or better versus 43 % of NASHA folds ( p < .0001 ) . addition , 30 % less total CaHA volume was required compared to NASHA . assessed CaHA as superior in 47 % of patients and inferior in only 5 % ( p < .0001 ) . evaluators and patients preferred CaHA two to one ( p < .05 ) . products were safe and well tolerated . was found to be significantly more effective than NASHA . all time points , CaHA demonstrated longer lasting results and greater improvement than NASHA ."
4928,Abstract #4928,"randomized controlled study . compare the outcome of indirect decompression by means of the X-Stop ( Medtronics Inc. , Minneapolis , MN ) implant with conventional decompression in patients with neurogenic intermittent claudication due to lumbar spinal stenosis . is currently the `` gold standard '' for lumbar spinal stenosis but is afflicted with complications and a certain number of dissatisfied patients . implants have been on the market for more than 10 years , but no prospective study comparing its outcome with decompression has been performed . power calculation , 100 patients were included : 50 in the X-Stop group and 50 in the decompression group . with symptomatic 1 - or 2-level lumbar spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication relieved on flexion were included . operations were performed under local anesthesia.The mean patient age was 69 ( 49-89 ) years , and the male/female distribution was 56/44 . dural sac area was in all cases except two 80 mm or less.The noninferiority hypothesis included 6 , 12 , and 24 months of follow-up , and included . as well as as-treated analyses.The primary outcome meansure was the Zrich Claudication Questionnaire , and the secondary outcome measures was the visual analogue scale pain , Short-Form 36 ( SF-36 ) , complications , and reoperations . primary and secondary outcome measures of patients in both groups improved significantly . results were similar at 6 , 12 , and 24 months and at no time point could any statistical difference between the 2 types of surgery be identified . patients ( 6 % ) in the decompression group underwent further surgery , compared with 13 patients ( 26 % ) in the X-Stop group ( P = 0.04 ) . were identical in intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses . spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication , decompressive surgery as well as X-Stop are appropriate procedures . results were achieved in both groups , however , with a higher number of reoperations in the X-Stop group . having X-Stop removal and decompression experienced results similar to those randomized to primary decompression . ."
4929,Abstract #4929,"study examined the influence of premedication with morphine or diazepam on the dose of eltanolone , a steroidal intravenous anaesthetic agent , required to induce anaesthesia . hundred and sixteen patients , aged 18 to 65 years , were randomly assigned to receive premedication with diazepam 10 mg orally , morphine 10 mg intramuscularly , or placebo . double-dummy technique was used to maintain blinding . 0.16-0 .75 mg x kg ( -1 ) was given intravenously over 20 s. the commencement of injection patients were instructed to begin counting ; if the patient ceased counting within 120 s and failed to respond to commands to continue , anaesthesia was considered to have been induced . dose required to anaesthetise 50 % of patients ( ED50 ) was determined by logistic regression . ED50 ( 95 % confidence interval ) of eltanolone in patients who received placebo premedication was 0.31 ( 0.27-0 .34 ) mg x kg ( -1 ) . was reduced slightly and nonsignificantly by premedication with diazepam , to 0.27 ( 0.24-0 .30 ) mg x kg ( -1 ) , or morphine , to 0.26 ( 0.23-0 .29 ) mg x kg ( -1 ) . movement occurred in 65 % of placebo premedicated patients . incidence was not significantly reduced by diazepam ( 57 % ) , but was significantly ( P < 0.001 ) reduced by morphine ( 37 % ) . premedication was , however , associated with a significant ( P < 0.01 ) increase in the incidence of apnoea ( 21 % ) compared to placebo premedicated patients ( 4 % ) . with diazepam or morphine had little influence on the dose of eltanolone required to induce anaesthesia ."
4930,Abstract #4930,"rising prevalence of chronic conditions constitutes a major burden for patients and healthcare systems and is predicted to increase in the upcoming decades . the self-management skills of patients is a strategy to steer against this burden . could lead to better outcomes and lower healthcare costs . coaching is one method for enhancing the self-management of patients and can be delivered by phone . effects of telephone-based health coaching are promising , but still inconclusive . evaluations and studies examining the transferability of effects to different healthcare systems are still rare . of this study is to evaluate telephone-based health coaching for chronically ill patients in Germany . study is a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of telephone-based health coaching with usual care during a 4-year time period . are collected at baseline and after 12 , 24 and 36 months . are selected based on one of the following chronic conditions : diabetes , coronary artery disease , asthma , hypertension , heart failure , COPD , chronic depression or schizophrenia . health coaching intervention is carried out by trained nurses employed by a German statutory health insurance . frequency and the topics of the health coaching are manual-based but tailored to the patients ' needs and medical condition , following the concepts of motivational interviewing , shared decision-making and evidence-based-medicine . 12,000 insurants will be enrolled and randomized into intervention and control groups . outcome is the time until hospital readmission within two years after enrolling in the health coaching , assessed by routine data . outcomes are patient-reported outcomes like changes in quality of life , depression and anxiety and clinical values assessed with questionnaires . secondary outcomes are further economic evaluations like health service use as well as costs and hospital readmission rates . statistical analyses includes intention-to-treat and as-treated principles . recruitment will be completed in September 2014 . study will provide evidence regarding economic and clinical effects of telephone-delivered health coaching . , this study will show whether health coaching is an adequate option for the German healthcare system to address the growing burden of chronic diseases . Clinical Trials Register ( Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien ; DRKS ) DRKS00000584 ."
4931,Abstract #4931,"phase III trial was to compare 5-fluorouracil ( 5-FU ) , adriamycin , and polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid ( poly A : U ) against 5-fluorouracil plus adriamycin ( FA ) for operable gastric cancer . 1984 to 1989 , patients who had D ( 2-3 ) curative resection were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy . consisted of 12 mg/kg 5-FU every week for 18 months and 40 mg/m2 adriamycin every 3 weeks for 12 cycles . consisted of FA plus 100 mg of poly A : U weekly for six cycles and was followed 6 months later by six weekly 50-mg booster injections . total of 292 patients were enrolled . excluding 12 ineligible patients , 142 and 138 patients were allocated to each treatment . were balanced with prognostic variables : age , sex , tumor location , differentiation , degree of tumor invasion ( T2-T4a ) , and lymph node status ( N0-N2 ) . the 15-year follow-up , chemoimmunotherapy significantly prolonged overall ( P = 0.013 ) and recurrence-free ( P = 0.005 ) survivals compared with chemotherapy alone . survival benefits were prominent in the subset of patients with T3/T4a , N2 , or stage III . were generally well tolerated in both arms . results indicate a survival advantage of chemoimmunotherapy with a regimen of FA and poly A : U in curatively resected gastric adenocarcinoma ."
4932,Abstract #4932,"evaluate the efficacy of a new lubricant eye drop containing polyethylene glycol 400 and propylene glycol demulcents with hydroxypropyl-guar as a gelling agent ( Test Product ) to a system with carboxymethylcellulose ( Control Product ) for reducing dry eye signs and symptoms . dry eye volunteers were enrolled at seven sites for this six-week , concurrently controlled , double-masked clinical study . Test Product significantly reduced conjunctival staining ( p = 0.025 ) and temporal corneal staining ( p = 0.024 ) compared to the Control . Test Product also significantly reduced symptoms of dryness in the morning and evening , compared to the Control ( p = 0.015 and p = 0.023 , respectively ) . in the Test treatment group reported lower frequencies of foreign body sensation and felt their eyes were `` refreshed longer '' compared to those in the Control group ( p = 0.033 and p = 0.037 , respectively ) . Test Product was more effective at reducing both the signs and symptoms of dry eye compared to the carboxymethylcellulose containing Control ."
4933,Abstract #4933,"document response to foscarnet salvage therapy in patients with cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) retinitis who are intolerant of or resistant to ganciclovir . with AIDS and CMV retinitis who had documented hematologic intolerance or resistance to ganciclovir therapy received an induction course of foscarnet , 60 mg/kg every 8 h for 14 days , and subsequent chronic maintenance foscarnet therapy at a daily dose of 60 , 90 or 120 mg/kg/day . first 87 patients were randomly assigned to receive maintenance foscarnet at a dose of 60 or 90 mg/kg/day ; all subsequent patients were assigned a maintenance dose of 120 mg/kg/day . total of 156 evaluable patients were enrolled . time to retinitis progression and survival did not differ significantly among groups assigned to different maintenance foscarnet doses . patients with retinitis progression documented ophthalmologically occurring at < or = 2 week intervals , despite optimal doses of ganciclovir , time to progression on foscarnet therapy was a median 8 weeks at all doses studied . dose assignment , there were no significant differences in serious drug-associated toxicity , although trends toward increased renal and hypocalcemic adverse events were observed at higher maintenance doses . patients intolerant of ganciclovir , salvage foscarnet therapy resulted in a longer time to retinitis progression than reported previously in historic controls who terminated ganciclovir therapy . patients who exhibited clinical resistance to ganciclovir , foscarnet appeared to have efficacy in controlling retinitis . significant differences in either efficacy or toxicity were observed in the range of foscarnet maintenance doses studied ."
4934,Abstract #4934,"Biomarker-integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination trial prospectively obtained serum and tumor core biopsies and randomized 255 chemorefractory non-small-cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) patients into four phase II trials : erlotinib , erlotinib-bexarotene , vandetanib , or sorafenib . , we report the clinical and biomarker results of the phase II vandetanib trial . patients received vandetanib . 8-week disease control rate was 33 % , median progression-free survival ( PFS ) 1.81 months , and median overall survival ( OS ) 6.5 months . demographic subgroups had PFS or OS benefit . patients with EGFR mutations had a trend for higher 8-week disease control rate ( 63 % versus 31 % ; p = 0.12 ) but worse OS ( 5.9 months versus 9 months ; p = 0.8 ) . with EGFR gene amplification ( n = 6 ) had a worse OS ( 3.9 months versus 9.5 months ; p = 0.04 ) . mutation patients ( 3.9 months versus 9.5 months ; p = 0.23 ) also had a worse OS . the serum biomarker analysis , patients with below the median serum expression of interleukin 9c ( p = 0.019 ) and eotaxin ( p = 0.007 ) had a shorter PFS . trend toward a shorter PFS was also seen in patients with higher than the median neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( p = 0.079 ) and lower than the median TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ( p = 0.087 ) . trial results are largely consistent with the literature in unselected pretreated NSCLC patients . vandetanib improved median PFS in EGFR mutation patients with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistance compared with EGFR wild-type , there was no OS advantage . vandetanib is no longer in development in NSCLC , identification of a molecular phenotype that responds to dual epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition would contribute to the field ."
4935,Abstract #4935,"compare recovery of accelographical responses to post-tetanic twitch ( PTT ) and train-of-four ( TOF ) stimuli obtained at the first dorsal interosseous muscle ( DI ) with those at the adductor pollicis muscle ( AP ) after administration of vecuronium 70 micrograms.kg-1 . adult patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups : PTT-DI ( n = 15 ) , PTT-AP ( n = 15 ) , TOF-DI ( n = 15 ) , or TOF-AP ( n = 15 ) group . PTT-DI and PTT-AP groups , responses to PTT were measured accelographically at the DI and at the AP , respectively . TOF-DI and TOF-AP groups , responses to TOF were measured at the DI and at the AP , respectively . T1/T0 ( T0 = control ) was greater in the TOF-DI than in TOF-AP group throughout recovery ( P < 0.05 ) , and the T4/T1 was greater in the TOF-DI than in TOF-AP group during the 30-40 min after vecuronium injection ( P < 0.05 ) . to the return of the first response to PTT ( post-tetanic count ( 1 ) , PTC1 ) was less in the PTT-DI than in the PTT-AP group ( 17.7 + / - 4.2 vs 21.7 + / - 5.6 min , mean + / - SD , P = 0.0341 ) . post-tetanic count PTC ( number of single twitch stimuli in response to PTT ) was greater in the PTT-DI than in the PTT-AP group during the 10-30 min after vecuronium ( P < 0.05 ) . to the return of T1 was less in the TOF-DI than in the TOF-AP group ( 23.1 + / - 6.0 vs 27.6 + / - 4.9 min , P = 0.0334 ) . of responses to PTT and TOF stimuli occurred earlier at the DI than at the AP ."
4936,Abstract #4936,"determine whether formoterol , a new beta 2 agonist with experimentally documented long duration , is clinically more effective than salbutamol in the maintenance treatment of chronic asthma . double-blind between-patient comparison between treatment with formoterol and with salbutamol during four weeks . department in a university hospital . patients with chronic stable asthma , who during a two-week run-in period with inhaled salbutamol , 4 x 100 micrograms twice a day , used at least four additional doses ( 100 micrograms each ) daily , were randomly assigned to use either formoterol or salbutamol . patients were evaluated for efficacy . early withdrawal and one dropout were found in the salbutamol group . groups were similar with respect to demographic data and baseline lung function . the four-week study period , the patients used either formoterol ( 4 x 6 micrograms twice a day and as necessary , n = 19 ) or salbutamol ( 4 x 100 micrograms twice a day and as necessary , n = 16 ) . steroids and orally administered theophylline were allowed if doses were kept constant . median number of additional doses per 24 h ( median of two weeks ) of the test aerosols was 0 ( range , 0 to 6 ) for formoterol and 4 ( range , 0 to 14 ) for salbutamol ( p less than 0.01 ) . and evening PEFRs were 422 ( SEM = 31 ) and 443 ( SEM = 30 ) , respectively , for formoterol , and 335 ( SEM = 30 ) and 360 ( SEM = 26 ) , respectively , for salbutamol ( p = 0.05 for both ) . was superior ( p less than 0.05 ) to salbutamol with respect to control of asthma symptoms , estimated duration of action and patient preference . effects did not differ . formoterol administered twice a day and as necessary was clinically more effective than the same regimen of salbutamol ."
4937,Abstract #4937,"investigate the benefit of preoperative treatment with either topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( NSAID ) or steroid in terms of clinical outcomes following trabeculectomy . , randomized placebo-controlled trial . patients . July 2005 and October 2007 , 61 consecutive medically uncontrolled glaucoma patients scheduled for first-time trabeculectomy were randomized to 1 of 3 study topical medication groups : nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( ketorolac ) , steroids ( fluorometholone ) , or placebo ( artificial tears ) . instilled 1 drop 4 times daily for 1 month before the procedure and were examined on days 1 and 2 , at weeks 1 , 2 , and 4 , and at months 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 after trabeculectomy . of postoperative surgical or medical interventions ( needling , laser suture lysis , needling revision , and intraocular pressure [ IOP ] - lowering medication ) . patients ( 54 eyes ) were entered for analysis . mean number of preoperative medications was 2.3 + / -0.9 . mean baseline IOP was 21.0 + / -6.0 mmHg . mean postoperative target IOP was 16.5 + / -1.8 mmHg . mean follow-up was 23.6 + / -4.0 months . percentage of patients requiring needling within the first year was 41 % in the placebo group , 6 % in the NSAID , and 5 % in the steroid group ( P = 0.006 ) . percentage of patients requiring IOP-lowering medication to reach the target IOP at 1 year was 24 % in the placebo group , 18 % in the NSAID group , and 0 % in the steroid group ( P = 0.054 overall ; P = 0.038 for steroids vs. others ) . log-rank test showed a significant ( P = 0.019 ) difference in medication-free survival curves between the different groups . specifically , patients in the steroid group needed significantly less medication over the total follow-up ( P = 0.007 ) . ketorolac or fluorometholone for 1 month before surgery was associated with improved trabeculectomy outcomes in terms of likelihood of postoperative needling . the steroid group , there was a significantly reduced need for additional postoperative IOP-lowering medication compared with the other groups . author ( s ) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article ."
4938,Abstract #4938,"vitamins C and E inhibit neutrophil-mediated production of free radicals in acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) which may limit MI size and improve myocardial perfusion . examine whether treatment with vitamin C and E reduces inhomogeneity of repolarisation in patients with acute MI . this double-blind , placebo-controlled randomised trial 37 patients with acute MI were enrolled and assigned to vitamin C and E ( 600 mg/day each ) or placebo treatment , starting on the first day of acute MI and lasting for 14 days . of repolarisation was assessed by examining QT interval dispersion ( QTd ) , measured both at rest and at the end of sub-maximal exercise test , performed before discharge . QTd was similar in both groups , however , exercise-induced QTd was significantly lower in patients treated with antioxidant vitamins compared with the placebo group ( 59 + / - 20 msec vs 74 + / - 24 msec , p < 0.05 ) ."
4939,Abstract #4939,"nodal staging is recommended for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) . staging has limitations , which results in the performance of unnecessary thoracotomies . guidelines acknowledge minimally invasive endosonography followed by surgical staging ( if no nodal metastases are found by endosonography ) as an alternative to immediate surgical staging . compare the 2 recommended lung cancer staging strategies . controlled multicenter trial ( Ghent , Leiden , Leuven , Papworth ) conducted between February 2007 and April 2009 in 241 patients with resectable ( suspected ) NSCLC in whom mediastinal staging was indicated based on computed or positron emission tomography . surgical staging or endosonography ( combined transesophageal and endobronchial ultrasound [ EUS-FNA and EBUS-TBNA ] ) followed by surgical staging in case no nodal metastases were found at endosonography . with lymph node dissection was performed when there was no evidence of mediastinal tumor spread . primary outcome was sensitivity for mediastinal nodal ( N2/N3 ) metastases . reference standard was surgical pathological staging . outcomes were rates of unnecessary thoracotomy and complications . hundred forty-one patients were randomized , 118 to surgical staging and 123 to endosonography , of whom 65 also underwent surgical staging . metastases were found in 41 patients ( 35 % ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 27 % -44 % ) by surgical staging vs 56 patients ( 46 % ; 95 % CI , 37 % -54 % ) by endosonography ( P = .11 ) and in 62 patients ( 50 % ; 95 % CI , 42 % -59 % ) by endosonography followed by surgical staging ( P = .02 ) . corresponded to sensitivities of 79 % ( 41/52 ; 95 % CI , 66 % -88 % ) vs 85 % ( 56/66 ; 95 % CI , 74 % -92 % ) ( P = .47 ) and 94 % ( 62/66 ; 95 % CI , 85 % -98 % ) ( P = .02 ) . was unnecessary in 21 patients ( 18 % ; 95 % CI , 12 % -26 % ) in the mediastinoscopy group vs 9 ( 7 % ; 95 % CI , 4 % -13 % ) in the endosonography group ( P = .02 ) . complication rate was similar in both groups . patients with ( suspected ) NSCLC , a staging strategy combining endosonography and surgical staging compared with surgical staging alone resulted in greater sensitivity for mediastinal nodal metastases and fewer unnecessary thoracotomies . Identifier : NCT00432640 ."
4940,Abstract #4940,"determine whether postoperative oral 13-cis-retinoic acid ( RA ) treatment could improve the outcome of vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil for the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy ( PVR ) . controlled randomized interventional case series . study included 35 eyes of 35 patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and PVR . patients underwent surgical repair by similar procedures . RA group consisted of 16 patients who received 10 mg oral RA twice daily for eight weeks postoperatively . control group included 19 patients without taking RA . outcome measure included the rate of retinal attachment , macular pucker formation , ambulatory vision , and RA-related side effects . last follow-up ( at least one year postoperatively ) , 15 of 16 eyes ( 93.8 % ) in the RA group and 12 of 19 eyes ( 63.2 % ) in the control group maintained retinal attachment ( P = .047 ) . rate of macular pucker formation was significantly lower in the RA group ( 18.8 % vs 78.9 % in the control group ; P = .001 ) . higher rate of ambulatory vision was achieved in the RA group as compared to the control group ( 56.3 % vs 10.5 % ; P = .009 ) . administration with oral moderate dosage of RA for eight weeks appears to maintain retinal attachment , decrease the macular pucker , and improve vision after surgical repair for eyes with PVR ."
4941,Abstract #4941,"heart failure ( CHF ) is characterized by enhanced immune activation , and immune-mediated mechanisms may play a pathogenic role in this disorder . on the immunomodulatory effects of intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIG ) , we hypothesized that IVIG could downregulate inflammatory responses in CHF patients and have potential beneficial effects on the left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) . patients with chronic symptomatic CHF and LVEF of < 40 % , stratified according to cause ( ie , ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy ) , were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive therapy with IVIG or placebo for a total period of 26 weeks . main findings were that ( 1 ) IVIG , but not placebo , induced a marked rise in plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory mediators interleukin ( IL ) -10 , IL-1 receptor antagonist , and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors ; ( 2 ) significantly correlated with these anti-inflammatory effects , IVIG , but not placebo , induced a significant increase in LVEF from 26 + / -2 % to 31 + / -3 % ( P : < 0.01 ) , and this was found independent of the cause of heart failure ; and ( 3 ) N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide decreased significantly after induction therapy and continued to decrease toward the end of study during IVIG therapy ( P : < 0.001 ) but remained unchanged during placebo . demonstrated an IVIG-induced change in the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that favored an anti-inflammatory net effect in CHF . effect was significantly correlated with an improvement in LVEF , suggesting a potential for immunomodulating therapy in addition to optimal conventional cardiovascular treatment regimens in CHF patients ."
4942,Abstract #4942,"aim of the study was to investigate whether treatment with N-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) is able to restore erythrocyte glutathione ( GSH ) content in workers exposed to lead . , we measured the leukocyte and erythrocyte activities of GSH-related enzymes , such as glutathione reductase ( GR ) , glutathione-S-transferase ( GST ) , and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) , and estimated the influence of NAC administration on oxidative stress intensity , which was measured as the lipofuscin ( LPS ) level in erythrocytes . exposed population consisted of 171 healthy males randomly divided into four groups . in the first group ( n = 49 ) were not administered any antioxidants , drugs , vitamins , or dietary supplements , while workers in the remaining groups were treated with NAC at three doses for 12 weeks ( 1 200 mg per day , 2 200 mg per day , and 2 400 mg per day ) . workers continued to work during the study . blood of all examined workers was drawn two times : at the beginning of the study and after 12 weeks of treatment . lead levels decreased significantly in all groups receiving NAC compared to those in baseline . GSH concentrations were significantly elevated in workers receiving 400 and 800 mg of NAC compared to those in baseline by 5 % and 6 % , respectively . G6PD activity was significantly elevated in workers receiving 200 , 400 , and 800 mg of NAC compared to those in baseline by 24 % , 14 % , and 14 % , respectively . contrast , there were no significant differences in leukocyte G6PD or leukocyte and erythrocyte glutathione reductase ( GR ) activities before and after treatment . GST activities decreased significantly after treatment in workers receiving 200 mg of NAC by 34 % , while LPS levels decreased significantly in workers receiving 200 , 400 , and 800 mg of NAC compared to those in baseline by 5 % , 15 % , and 13 % , respectively . conclusion , NAC decreases oxidative stress in workers exposed to lead via stimulating GSH synthesis ."
4943,Abstract #4943,"assess the outcome and safety of the totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL ) from subcostal access in patients with renal stone in the upper pole of the kidney . patients with upper pole renal stones were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from April 2003 to November 2008 . inclusion criteria were the existence of solely upper pole stones , stone size > 1.5 cm , extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy failure or stone in closed calix and diverticulum , and successful subcostal access for reaching the stone . exclusion criteria were unsuccessful subcostal access , more than two percutaneous accesses , prominent collecting system perforation , intraoperative significant bleeding , ureteral obstruction , and renal anomaly . totally tubeless procedure was performed on 35 patients ( group A ) ; another 35 patients ( group B ) underwent standard PCNL . incidence of complications , hospital stay , transfusion rate , stone-free rate , and analgesics use as well as return to normal activity were compared during a 1-month study period . mean stone burden was 2.81 ( standard deviation [ SD ] = 0.59 ) in group A vs 2.87 ( SD = 0.62 ) cm ( 2 ) in group B. Hospitalization averaged 1.49 ( SD = 0.7 ) vs 2.89 ( SD = 0.99 ) days ( P < 0.001 ) , and the average analgesics use was 8.2 ( SD = 3.59 ) mg vs 14.3 ( SD = 5.99 ) mg of morphine , respectively ( P < 0.001 ) . patients returned to normal activity in 11 ( SD = 4.2 ) days in group A vs 17.6 ( SD = 4 ) days in group B ( P < 0.001 ) . time , transfusion rate , complications , re-treatment , and the overall stone-free rate were not different significantly , and no major complication was seen in the study as well . tubeless PCNL for the upper pole renal stone from subcostal access is accompanied by decreased hospital stay and analgesics use and a rapid return to normal activity . can be considered as an accepted and cost-beneficial procedure for upper pole renal stones ."
4944,Abstract #4944,"verify the analgesic effect of acupuncture compound anesthesia in functionality nasal endoscopic sinus surgery ( FNES ) . patients undergoing FNES were randomly divided into three groups . A was treated with routine local anesthesia , and group B and C were treated with electroacupuncture at Yintang ( EX-HN 3 ) and Yingxiang ( LI 20 ) for 30 min before local anesthesia . B received routine local anesthesia , and group C received decrement local anesthesia . dosage of narcotic , modified fingers pain scores and postoperative satisfaction scores were observed in three groups . operative dosage of decicaine was ( 118.33 + / - 26.21 ) mg in group A , ( 100.83 + / - 4.56 ) mg in group B , and ( 71.33 + / - 8.90 ) mg in group C , with significant differences among the three groups ( all P < 0.01 ) , the lowest dosage was used in group C and the highest dosage in group A. fingers pain scores of group B and C were both lower than that of group A ( both P < 0.01 ) , and the postoperative satisfaction scores of group B and C were both higher than that of group A ( both P < 0.01 ) . compound anesthesia can effectively alleviate the pain , decrease the dosage of local anesthetic , lower the discomfortableness and be helpful for safety of the patients during sinus surgery ."
4945,Abstract #4945,"present psychometric properties of 9 health and psychosocial measures in a sample of hospitalized women with cardiovascular disease . information will be useful to others needing to make choices about selection of health and psychosocial measurements in women smokers . properties were examined using baseline measures from a cross-sectional study , nested within a randomized clinic trial , Women 's Initiative for Non-Smoking . smokers hospitalized with cardiovascular disease were recruited from 10 hospitals in the San Francisco Bay Area . included the perceived stress scale , a depression screener , self-efficacy , the sense of mastery scale , and measures of health-related quality of life from the Medical Outcomes Study . sample of 277 women smokers ranged in age from 34 to 86 years ( mean = 61 + / - 10.1 ) . of variability , including floor/ceiling effects , skewness , range , mean , and SD , indicated that most measures had sufficient variability to be predictive and detect both positive and negative changes over time . reliabilities ranged from 0.63 to 0.86 . evidence of construct validity was found , with most hypotheses being confirmed . battery of tests included in the Women 's Initiative for Non-Smoking trial may be useful in identifying women at high risk of relapse and in detecting short-term quality-of-life outcomes . measures generally performed well and show promise for advancing our understanding of the process of successful smoking cessation in this population . properties of the perceived stress scale , a depression screener , self-efficacy for quitting smoking , the sense of mastery scale , and measures of health-related quality of life from the Medical Outcomes Study in 277 women smokers hospitalized with cardiovascular disease were examined . measures generally performed well and show promise for advancing our understanding of smokers in this population ."
4946,Abstract #4946,"type 1 is a common genetic disorder characterised by neurocutaneous manifestations and cognitive and behavioural problems . were shown to reduce analogous learning deficits in a mouse model of the disease , but a short-term trial in humans was inconclusive . aimed to assess the use of simvastatin for the improvement of cognitive and behavioural deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 for 12 months . this randomised , double-masked , placebo-controlled trial , we recruited children with genetically confirmed neurofibromatosis type 1 aged 8-16 years from two national referral centres in the Netherlands and Belgium . with symptomatic CNS abnormalities or on neurotropic medication , including stimulants , were excluded . patients were randomly assigned ( 1:1 ) via a computer-generated , permuted-block list to simvastatin ( 10 mg per day in month 1 , 20 mg per day in month 2 , and 20-40 mg per day in months 3-12 ) or placebo for 12 months . , participants , and parents were masked to treatment assignment . outcome measures were full-scale intelligence ( Wechsler intelligence scale for children ) , attention problems ( child behaviour checklist , parent-rated [ CBCL ] ) , and internalising behavioural problems ( CBCL ) . did intention-to-treat analyses ( of all patients who had outcome data ) using linear regression of the 12 month outcome scores , adjusted for baseline performance . trial is registered with the Netherlands Trial Register , number NTR2150 . randomly assigned 84 children to a treatment group ( 43 to simvastatin , 41 to placebo ) between March 9 , 2010 , and March 6 , 2012 . did not assess outcomes in two patients in the placebo group because they needed additional drug therapy . for 12 months had no effect on full-scale intelligence ( treatment effect compared with placebo -13 IQ points [ 95 % CI -38 to 13 ] ; p = 033 ) , attention problems ( -16 T-score points [ -43 to 10 ] ; p = 023 ) , and internalising behavioural problems ( -01 T-score points [ -33 to 31 ] ; p = 096 ) . ( 88 % ) of 43 patients on simvastatin and 39 ( 95 % ) of 41 patients on placebo reported adverse events , which were serious in two and four patients , respectively . month simvastatin treatment did not ameliorate cognitive deficits or behavioural problems in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 . use of 20-40 mg simvastatin per day for cognitive enhancement in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 is not recommended . Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ( ZonMw ) , Research Foundation Flanders ( FWO-Vlaanderen ) , Marguerite-Marie Delacroix Foundation , and the Dutch Neurofibromatosis Association ( NFVN ) ."
4947,Abstract #4947,"directives provide a means for patients to retain influence on their medical care should decisional capacity be lost . studies have now demonstrated that advance directives that are completed in the ambulatory care setting are rarely available and recognized when patients are admitted to the acute care hospital . evaluate a generalizable model for improving recognition of previously completed advance directives and for promoting appointment of health care proxies in hospitalized patients . elderly patients were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or usual care ( n = 190 ) . patients with capacity were counseled by hospital patient representatives about advance directives and encouraged to complete health care proxies . with existing proxies had this information noted in their charts . patients without capacity , counselors reviewed their charts for proxy documentation and if absent , contacted patients ' next of kin and private physicians to determine proxy status . care patients were not contacted by patient representatives . percent of intervention patients completed a new proxy or had a previously completed proxy identified compared with 6 % of controls ( P < .001 ) . patients with capacity , 22 % of intervention patients had a previously appointed proxy agent identified compared with 6 % of controls ( P < .001 ) . percent of intervention patients appointed a proxy decision maker compared with 0 % of controls ( P < .02 ) . patients without capacity , 31 % of intervention patients had previously appointed proxies identified compared with 6 % of controls ( P < .001 ) . by hospital patient representatives is an effective and generalizable means of improving recognition and execution of advance directives in the acute care hospital ."
4948,Abstract #4948,"utility of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ( ACE-Is ) as early substitutes for dobutamine was studied after cardiac surgery in patients with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) < / = 0.4 . , prospective study . hospital . patients with preoperative LVEF < / = 0.4 undergoing elective cardiac surgery . were prospectively randomized into 2 groups before the operation . R patients treated with ACE-Is received ramipril , 1.25 mg twice a day , from the day after the operation ( D ( 2 ) ) , and group C did not receive ACE-Is . both groups , the withdrawal from dobutamine started at D ( 3 ) . levels were determined before ( T ( 0 ) ) , immediately after surgery ( T ( 1 ) ) , and on the next 4 days ( T ( 2 ) , T ( 3 ) , T ( 4 ) , and T ( 5 ) ) . values were recorded before surgery , at the second day , and at the discharge from the intensive care unit . both groups , baseline NT-BNP levels were high , although not significantly different , and increased postoperatively until T ( 5 ) . increase was more pronounced in group C ( p = 0.037 and 0.008 at T ( 3 ) and T ( 4 ) ( , ) respectively ) . were well tolerated in all patients in group R. can be used as a dobutamine substitute as early as the first postoperative day after cardiac surgery without renal consequences . was beneficial in patients with left ventricular dysfunction as shown by NT-BNP levels that were lower in group R."
4949,Abstract #4949,"for active ulcerative colitis ( UC ) usually involves rectal formulations of corticosteroids ( CS ) , which are characterized by the risk of systemic steroid-related adverse effects . compare the efficacy and safety of the topically acting CS beclomethasone dipropionate ( BDP ) versus mesalamine ( 5-ASA ) in the treatment of active UC . with mild to moderate distal active UC were randomized to a 6-week treatment with BDP 3 mg enema o.d. or 5-ASA 1 g enema daily in a single-blind , multicenter , parallel-group , controlled study . primary efficacy variable was the decrease in Disease Activity Index ( DAI ) score . variables were adrenal function , monitoring of adverse events , vital signs , and laboratory parameters . total of 217 patients were enrolled and treated with BDP ( n = 111 ) or 5-ASA ( n = 106 ) . significant decrease in the DAI score ( P < 0.05 ) was observed in both treatment groups , with a clinical remission rate of 36.7 % in the BDP group and of 29.2 % in the 5-ASA group . treatments were well tolerated . changes from baseline in morning cortisol levels were observed in the BDP group . administered as a rectal enema over a 6-week treatment period was efficacious and safe in patients with active UC , without interference with pituitary adrenal axis ."
4950,Abstract #4950,"aminobisphosphonates often cause an acute-phase response ( APR ) , but the precise components of this , its frequency , and the risk factors for its development have not been systematically studied . objective of the study was to characterize the APR and determine its frequency and the risk factors for its development . study was an analysis of adverse events from a large randomized trial . was a multicenter international trial . included 7765 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis . acid 5 mg annually or placebo was the intervention . events occurring within 3 d of zoledronic acid infusion were measured . than 30 adverse events were significantly more common in the zoledronic acid group and were regarded collectively as constituting an APR. . were clustered into five groups : fever ; musculoskeletal ( pain and joint swelling ) ; gastrointestinal ( abdominal pain , vomiting , diarrhea ) ; eye inflammation ; and general ( including fatigue , nasopharyngitis , edema ) . total of 42.4 % of the zoledronic acid group had an APR after the first infusion , compared with 11.7 % of the placebo group . APR components had their peak onset within 1 d , the median duration of the APR was 3 d , and severity was rated as mild or moderate in 90 % . regression showed that APR was more common in non-Japanese Asians , younger subjects , and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug users and was less common in smokers , patients with diabetes , previous users of oral bisphosphonates , and Latin Americans ( P < 0.05 for all ) . analysis identifies new components of the APR and provides the first assessment of risk factors for it . its frequency , APR rarely resulted in treatment discontinuation in this study ."
4951,Abstract #4951,"chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis , bicarbonate-buffered fluids , with their neutral pH and less advanced glycosylation end-products ( AGE ) and glucose degradation products ( GDP ) , have better biocompatibility than conventional peritoneal dialysis ( PD ) solutions . difference may be more beneficial in automated peritoneal dialysis ( APD ) , due to its more frequent exchanges and longer contact times with fresh dialysate . performed a prospective , randomized study in APD patients to compare the biocompatibility of conventional and bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PD fluids . randomized 14 APD patients to have APD with either conventional or bicarbonate/lactate-based fluids . 6 months , both groups changed to the other solution . overall observation period was 12 months . 1 and 5 months and again after 7 and 11 months , phagocytotic and respiratory burst capacities of effluent peritoneal macrophages were determined . interleukin ( IL ) -6 and C-reactive protein ( CRP ) as well as effluent IL-6 , CRP , transforming growth factor ( TGF ) - beta 1 , AGE and CA125 concentrations were measured . pain was quantified using a patient questionnaire . burst capacity remained unchanged and phagocytotic activity increased significantly during APD ( P < 0.001 ) with the bicarbonate/lactate fluid . IL-6 release was significantly lower than with the lactate fluid ( P < 0.05 ) . in the effluent TGF-beta 1 was unaffected , AGE concentration was lower after bicarbonate/lactate treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . CA125 concentration , an indicator of mesothelial cell integrity , was higher ( P < 0.05 ) in neutral effluents . , patients ' inflow pain diminished ( P = 0.05 ) when using the neutral fluid . use of a neutral PD fluid in APD improved patients ' inflow pain as well as biocompatibility parameters reflecting enhanced phagocytotic activity of peritoneal macrophages , reduced constitutive inflammatory stimulation ( IL-6 ) , reduced AGE accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and better preservation of the mesothelial cell integrity . the biocompatibility point of view , a neutral fluid with low GDP content can be recommended as the primary choice for APD ."
4952,Abstract #4952,"evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of leuprolide versus placebo in managing chronic pelvic pain in women with clinically suspected endometriosis . 18-45 years of age with moderate to severe pelvic pain of at least 6 months ' duration underwent extensive , noninvasive diagnostic testing and laboratory evaluation , including pelvic ultrasound , complete blood count , determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate , and endocervical cultures . with clinically suspected endometriosis were randomized to double-blind treatment for 3 months with depot leuprolide ( 3.75 mg/mo ) or placebo . accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of endometriosis was evaluated by posttreatment laparoscopy . 100 women randomized , 95 completed the study : 49 in the leuprolide group and 46 in the placebo group . in the leuprolide group had clinically and statistically significant ( P < or = .001 ) mean improvements from baseline after 12 weeks of therapy in all pain measures . mean improvements were significantly greater ( P < or = .001 ) than those in the placebo group . 12 weeks , mean decreases in physician-rated scores for dysmenorrhea , pelvic pain , and pelvic tenderness were 1.7 , 1.0 , and 0.8 points greater , respectively , in the leuprolide group than in the placebo group ( on a four-point scale ) . ( 78 % ) of 49 and 40 ( 87 % ) of 46 patients in the leuprolide and placebo groups , respectively , had laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis after 12 weeks of treatment . women withdrew from the study because of adverse events . leuprolide was effective and safe for treating patients with chronic pelvic pain and clinically suspected endometriosis , confirming the potential of its empiric use in these patients ."
4953,Abstract #4953,"and depression are the two most frequent comorbidities of tumour patients . present , it is unclear to which degree a patient 's psychological condition can be altered during the treatment period and if psycho-oncological support positively affects a patient 's psychological condition . a random sample analyses , 131 patients beginning inpatient treatment at a hospital specialising in surgical oncology were either classified as ` low-risk ' or ` high-risk ' , according to the HADS . from both categories were then randomly placed in either a low-threshold ` intervention ' group or an ` observation ' group . and depression levels were measured again with the HADS scale prior to the patients discharge from the department of surgical oncology , and at a follow up 12 months after . findings showed a significant reduction of anxiety and depression in the high-risk patients who had undergone psycho-oncological intervention at the end of inpatient care and even a year after discharge from the hospital . effects of psychological intervention could be observed in terms of anxiety and depression in the group of high-risk patients during the hospital stay . the other three groups , no statistically significant changes could be measured . patients on a surgical ward benefit from psycho-oncological support especially at an early stage of therapy but also over a long time after discharge from the hospital . aim of all interventions should be to decrease psychological distress and disorders and thereby improve the quality of life for cancer patients ."
4954,Abstract #4954,"patients presenting in general practice are suffering from stress . using complementary therapeies are gaining popularity but have not been systematically evaluated . compare the effect of six sessions of therapeutic massage with the use of a relaxation tape on stress , as measured by The General Health Questionnaire ( GHQ-30 ) . controlled trial . stress reduction clinic in general practice . were three treatment groups . in the first group received six sessions of therapeutic massage , which was carried out by a nurse trained in this technique . in the second group were given six sessions using a relaxation tape in the surgery and those in the third group were given a relaxation tape to use at home . main outcome measures were : the GHQ-30 , the Adapted Well Being Index ( AWBI ) ; a sleep scale ; general practitioner ( GP ) consultations for any reason in the six weeks before treatment , during treatment , and the six weeks following treatment ; and patient satisfaction . patients completed the treatment . were significant improvements across all four outcome measures and all three treatment groups . treatment the majority of patients felt far less emotional disturbance , were sleeping better , and consulting their GP less . very strong patient preference for therapeutic massage , it did not show any benefits over either a relaxation tape used in the surgery or a relaxation tape used at home ."
4955,Abstract #4955,"study evaluated women 's perceptions of a new community-based model of continuity of antenatal care , the St George Outreach Maternity Project ( STOMP ) . model was established in an attempt to address some of the ongoing concerns and criticisms regarding antenatal care in Australia : lack of continuity of care and caregiver ; prolonged waiting times ; and inaccessible clinics . randomised controlled trial was conducted with 1,089 women ( 550 in the experimental group and 539 in the control group ) . experimental group ( the STOMP group ) received antenatal care from small teams of midwives and an obstetrician in community-based settings . were collected using a questionnaire administered at 36 weeks ' gestation , with a response rate of 75 % . in the STOMP group reported waiting significantly less time for antenatal visits with easier access to care . group women also reported a higher perceived ` quality ' of antenatal care compared with the control group . group women saw slightly more midwives and fewer doctors than control group women did . model of care has implications for the planning and provision of antenatal services within the Australian public health system , which is increasingly moving towards a community-based emphasis . care is a service that can be successfully transferred into community-based settings with benefits for women ."
4956,Abstract #4956,"assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant systemic therapy ( NST ) at increasing the rate of successful breast-conserving therapy ( BCT ) in triple negative breast cancer . tumor regression to permit BCT is often cited to support administration of NST . quantify this benefit , we conducted a surgical companion study to CALGB40603 , a randomized phase II , 22 factorial trial of neoadjuvant paclitaxel carboplatin bevacizumab ( B ) followed by doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide B in stage II-III triple negative breast cancer . and after NST , treating surgeons evaluated BCT candidacy by clinico-radiographic criteria ; surgery performed was at surgeon and patient discretion . measured ( 1 ) conversion rates from BCT-ineligible to BCT-eligible , ( 2 ) surgical choices in BCT candidates , and ( 3 ) rates of successful BCT with tumor-free margins . hundred four patients were assessable for surgical outcomes . hundred nineteen ( 54 % ) were BCT candidates before NST . hundred ninety-seven ( 90 % ) remained BCT candidates after NST , of whom 138 ( 70 % ) chose BCT , which was successful in 130 ( 94 % ) . 185 ( 46 % ) who were not BCT candidates before NST , 78 ( 42 % ) converted to candidates with NST . these , 53 ( 68 % ) chose BCT with a 91 % ( 48/53 ) success rate . overall BCT-eligibility rate rose from 54 % to 68 % ( 275/404 ) with NST . of carboplatin , B , or both increased conversion rates . is the first study to document prospectively a 42 % conversion rate from BCT-ineligible to BCT-eligible , resulting in a 14 % absolute increase in BCT eligibility . was successful in 93 % of patients who opted for it , but 31 % of BCT-eligible patients still chose mastectomy ."
4957,Abstract #4957,"this prospective study , solid monocortical iliac onlay grafts of the maxilla were randomly covered with a bioresorbable membrane and periosteum within the maxilla . specimens were analyzed by light microscopy after a healing period of three months and the rate of resorption of the grafts were measured . patients ( 9 females and 5 males ) , with a mean age of 56 years ( range 25-72 ) underwent augmentation with avascular iliac onlay bone grafts . grafts were randomly covered either with a bioresorbable membrane ( MC ) or periosteum ( PC ) . was measured with a digital caliper at the microscrews ( slashed circle 1.5 mm ) used to fixate the graft . evaluation of the specimens derived from the graft with a trephine bur ( slashed circle 2 mm ) from the implant site at implant placement after a 3-month healing period . evaluation of the data was performed using Analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon signed rank test . appearance of the augmented bone after 3 months showed a dense cortical layer with good vascular perfusion . sites in 13 patients ( one dropped put ) were analyzed histomorphometrically and showed an average of 46 % newly formed bone with no significant difference between the groups ( P = 0.46 ) . mean resorption rate at 56 measured sites was 1.2 mm ( range 0.3-3 .4 mm ) after 3 months , with no significant difference between the MC sites and the PC sites ( P = 0.38 ) . of new bone formation after 3 months demonstrates no significant difference between the PC and MC groups . of graft resorption can be seen after 3 months with no significant difference as to whether the graft was covered with a membrane or the periosteum . study provides evidence that after avascular iliac bone grafting , the revascularization of the graft was sufficient after 3 months regardless of the graft coverage with no effect on the amount of initial resorption of the graft ."
4958,Abstract #4958,"between circulating influenza B viruses ( Yamagata and Victoria lineages ) and vaccine strains occurs frequently . a randomized controlled trial , immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine candidate ( QIV ) versus trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine ( TIV ) - Victoria ( Vic ) and TIV-Yamagata ( Yam ) in children 3-17 years of age was evaluated . an open-label study arm , QIV only was assessed in children 6-35 months of age . total of 3094 children ( 932 QIV , 929 TIV-Vic , 932 TIV-Yam , and 301 QIV only ) were vaccinated . was noninferior to the TIVs for shared strains ( A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 ) based on hemagglutination-inhibition ( HI ) antibodies 28 days after last vaccination , and superior for the unique B strains Victoria and Yamagata ( geometric mean titer ratios 2.61 , 3.78 ; seroconversion rate differences 33.96 % , 44.63 % ) . children in the randomized trial , adverse event rates were similar except for injection site pain ( dose 1 : 65.4 % QIV , 54.6 % TIV-Vic , 55.7 % TIV-Yam ) . elicited superior HI responses to the added B strains compared to TIV controls , potentially improving its effectiveness against influenza B. HI responses were similar between QIV and TIV controls for the shared strains . had an acceptable safety profile relative to TIVs . ."
4959,Abstract #4959,"are often prescribed indiscriminately to treat endodontic emergencies . study examined ( 1 ) the effect of penicillin supplementation on reduction of symptoms and ( 2 ) the course of recovery of localized acute apical abscess after emergency treatment . with pulp necrosis and periapical pain and/or localized swelling were considered . eligible did not have any signs of spreading infections . received appropriate local treatment , and a double-blind protocol was used to randomly assign them to one of three groups : penicillin VK group , placebo group , or neither medication group . received ibuprofen 600 mg four times daily for 24 hours . entered their pre - and postoperative pain and swelling experience on a visual analog scale for up to 72 hours . was fairly rapid in most patients . analysis of the scores of 32 respondents revealed no significant differences ( at p < 0.05 ) between the three groups in course of recovery or symptoms at any time period . with localized periapical pain or swelling generally recovered quickly with local treatment . data did not show a demonstrable benefit from penicillin supplementation ."
4960,Abstract #4960,"newly available , laparoscopic 5-mm bipolar vessel sealing device promises substantial advantages over the 10-mm instrument . study compared the safety as well as the technical and surgical aspects of these different tools . this study , 30 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic left-sided colectomy were prospectively randomized for the 5-mm LigaSure or The 10-mm LigaSure . patients ' demographics were analyzed together with their intraoperative and postoperative parameters , and the instruments were assessed by the surgeons with a standardized questionnaire . two groups were comparable and demonstrated similar mean operation times , blood losses , and hospital stays . 5-mm LigaSure was applied in more operation steps and resulted in fewer bleeding episodes and less lens cleaning . scissors were used less frequently in the 5-mm group , thus minimizing cauteric lesions and their complications ( 0 in the 5-mm group vs 2 in the 10-mm group ) . satisfaction with the 5-mm LigaSure was significantly higher ( 8.4 + / - 0.18 vs 6.9 + / - 0.41 out of 10 ; p = 0.002 ) , with significant advantages in terms of dissection capacity , visibility , and handling . 5-mm LigaSure is as secure and fast as the larger 10-mm device and compares favorably in terms of finer dissection as well as trocar flexibility and handling . , it can be used safely in laparoscopic colorectal surgery ."
4961,Abstract #4961,"research has demonstrated that the level of neuroprotection conferred by the various barbiturates is not equal . now no controlled studies have been conducted to compare their effectiveness , even though the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines recommend that such studies be undertaken . objectives of the present study were to assess the effectiveness of pentobarbital and thiopental in terms of controlling refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with severe traumatic brain injury , and to evaluate the adverse effects of treatment . was a prospective , randomized , cohort study comparing two treatments : pentobarbital and thiopental . who had suffered a severe traumatic brain injury ( Glasgow Coma Scale score after resuscitation < or = 8 points or neurological deterioration during the first week after trauma ) and with refractory intracranial hypertension ( intracranial pressure > 20 mmHg ) first-tier measures , in accordance with the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines . total of 44 patients ( 22 in each group ) were included over a 5-year period . were no statistically significant differences in ' baseline characteristics , except for admission computed cranial tomography characteristics , using the Traumatic Coma Data Bank classification . intracranial pressure occurred in 11 patients ( 50 % ) in the thiopental treatment group and in 18 patients ( 82 % ) in the pentobarbital group ( P = 0.03 ) . logistic regression analysis -- undertaken in an effort to adjust for the cranial tomography characteristics , which were unfavourable for pentobarbital -- thiopental was more effective than pentobarbital in terms of controlling intracranial pressure ( odds ratio = 5.1 , 95 % confidence interval 1.2 to 21.9 ; P = 0.027 ) . were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the incidence of arterial hypotension or infection . appeared to be more effective than pentobarbital in controlling intracranial hypertension refractory to first-tier measures . findings should be interpreted with caution because of the imbalance in cranial tomography characteristics and the different dosages employed in the two arms of the study . incidence of adverse effects was similar in both groups . Trial registration : US Clinical Trials registry NCT00622570 . )"
4962,Abstract #4962,"of the expression/shuttling of the aquaporin-2 water channel ( AQP2 ) and the epithelial sodium channel ( ENaC ) in renal collecting duct principal cells has been found in animal models of hypertension . tested whether a similar dysregulation exists in essential hypertension . measured urinary excretion of AQP2 and ENaC - subunit corrected for creatinine ( u-AQP2 ( CR ) , u-ENaC ( - CR ) ) , prostaglandin E2 ( u-PGE2 ) and cyclic AMP ( u-cAMP ) , fractional sodium excretion ( FE ( Na ) ) , free water clearance ( C ( H2O ) ) , as well as plasma concentrations of vasopressin ( AVP ) , renin ( PRC ) , angiotensin II ( Ang II ) , aldosterone ( Aldo ) , and atrial and brain natriuretic peptide ( ANP , BNP ) in 21 patients with essential hypertension and 20 normotensive controls during 24-h urine collection ( baseline ) , and after hypertonic saline infusion on a 4-day high sodium ( HS ) diet ( 300 mmol sodium/day ) and a 4-day low sodium ( LS ) diet ( 30 mmol sodium/day ) . baseline , no differences in u-AQP2 ( CR ) or u-ENaC ( - CR ) were measured between patients and controls . ( CR ) increased significantly more after saline in patients than controls , whereas u-ENaC ( - CR ) increased similarly . saline caused exaggerated natriuretic increases in patients during HS intake . baseline levels of u-PGE2 , u-cAMP , AVP , PRC , Ang II , Aldo , ANP , and BNP nor changes after saline could explain the abnormal u-AQP2 ( CR ) response . differences were found in u-AQP2 ( CR ) and u-ENaC ( - CR ) between patients and controls at baseline . , in response to saline , u-AQP2 ( CR ) was abnormally increased in patients , whereas the u-ENaC ( - CR ) response was normal . mechanism behind the abnormal AQP2 regulation is not clarified , but it does not seem to be AVP-dependent . identifier : NCT00345124 ."
4963,Abstract #4963,"evaluate the longitudinal changes in the disability level of elders with LBP after receiving auriculotherapy . controlled trial . participants who were 60 years old or above and who were suffering from LBP were recruited from five hostels for the elders in Hong Kong . participants were randomly allocated to receive a 3-week session of auriculotherapy using either semen vaccariae ( control group = 30 ) or magnetic pellets ( experimental group = 30 ) . auricular acupoints that are expected to have an effect on LBP were selected . data were collected at five points of time : ( i ) baseline , ( ii ) about 1.5 weeks of treatment , ( iii ) 3 weeks of treatment , ( iv ) 2 weeks post-treatment , and ( v ) 4 weeks post-treatment using the modified Aberdeen low back pain disability scale ( Chinese ) . the rate of change was compared between the two groups at each point of time starting from the baseline , those in the experimental group demonstrated significant improvement in the overall disability level , pain/sensation , and physical and functional abilities at 1.5 weeks of treatment ( p < 0.001 ) , 3 weeks of treatment ( p < 0.001 ) , 2 weeks post-treatment ( p < 0.001 ) , and 4 weeks post-treatment ( p < 0.001 ) . changes in the improvement of disability level were found among the elders with low back pain after receiving auriculotherapy using magnetic pellets ."
4964,Abstract #4964,"decades there has been a desire to restore motion of a painful degenerated spinal segment . discs have been used in Europe for almost 20 years . the few reports available in the literature , the results have been promising . , there have been no prospective randomized studies comparing artificial discs with spinal fusion . purpose of this study was to determine if patients with symptomatic degenerative disc disease treated with Charite artificial disc ( DePuy Spine , Raynham , MA ) arthroplasty would show significant improvement in functional outcome measures and to compare these results to fusion . was a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing total disc replacement with anterior lumbar interbody fusion using cages . data reported were collected from two spine specialty centers participating in a Food and Drug Administration regulated trial . consecutive series of 144 patients were randomized using a 2:1 ratio of Charite versus BAK ( Zimmer Spine , Minneapolis , MN ) . patients were being treated for single-level discogenic pain confirmed by plain radiography , magnetic resonance imaging and provocative discography . were collected at designated follow-up periods for up to 24 months . mean age was 40.1 years ( range , 21 to 56 years ) . cases had BAK anterior interbody fusion , and 100 cases were randomized to Charite disc replacement . mean operating time was 76.2 minutes ( range , 54 to 137 minutes ) for the Charite cases . mean estimated blood loss was 196.2 cc ( range , 50 to 1,800 cc ) . patients were discharged in 1 to 2 days with a soft corset and returned to normal activities within 3 weeks if they underwent the disc replacement . mean Oswestry Disability Index score for the BAK group was 69.6 + / -12.8 preoperatively and 27.5 + / -26.4 at 24-month follow-up ( p < .001 ) The corresponding mean Oswestry score for the Charite disc patients was 70.9 preoperatively and 30.0 at 24-month follow-up ( p < .001 ) . this prospective randomized study , both surgical groups improved significantly . of total disc replacement were similar to those encountered with anterior lumbar interbody fusion . disc replacement appears to be a viable alternative to fusion for the treatment of single-level symptomatic disc degeneration unresponsive to nonoperative management ."
4965,Abstract #4965,"evaluate and compare the effect of short and long injection durations on aortic , pancreatic and hepatic enhancement in abdominal MDCT . contrast-enhanced CT images ( 16-MDCT , 1.25-mm collimation , 5-mm thickness , 6.1-s acquisition time for each phase ) were obtained with 2 mL/kg injection of 300 mgI/mL iodine contrast material in 116 patients . were prospectively randomized into two groups : one receiving contrast medium for 25-s injection duration and the other for 35-s injection duration . both groups , triphasic scans were initiated 5 , 15 , and 40s after the completion of contrast injection for the first , second and third phases , respectively . values ( HU ) in the abdominal aorta , liver , spleen , pancreas , splenic and superior mesenteric arteries , and veins ( splenic , superior mesenteric , portal , and hepatic ) were measured . and qualitative analysis for the degree of contrast enhancement between the two groups in various organs was compared at each scan phase . aortic and arterial enhancements in the first-phase scan were higher for the 25-s group than those of the 35-s group ( P < .001 ) . enhancement was higher for the 35-s group in the first ( P < .001 ) and second ( P < .01 ) phases , but no difference in the third-phase . difference was found between the groups for the pancreatic enhancement at any phases . results were in good agreement with quantitative results . administration with shorter injection duration increased peak aortic and arterial enhancement and contributed to improvement in the quality of CT angiograms , but for the solid abdominal organs 35-s protocol is recommended ."
4966,Abstract #4966,"observe the clinical effect of the treatment of infantile viral myocarditis with puerarin . was administered intravenously together with conventional treatment in the treated group , while that of conventional treatment solely was given in the control group . kinase isoenzyme , lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme , cardiac function and clinical manifestations before and after treatment were observed . could significantly relieve the symptoms of patients of infantile viral myocarditis , enhance the metabolism of myocardium and improve the cardiac function . total effective rate of the treated group was 87.04 % , significantly higher than that of the control group , the difference between them was significant ( P < 0.05 ) . can be used to treat patients with infantile viral myocarditis with a satisfactory result ."
4967,Abstract #4967,"ventilation is a key component of life support , but only one handheld resuscitator is designed to operate in contaminated or toxic atmospheres . Institutional Review Board approval , the efficacy of this device was evaluated . distal trachea of a Laerdal Airway Management Trainer was connected to a mechanical Draeger Volumeter 3000 , to enable determination of the minute volume delivered by BVM ventilation . paramedics wearing chemical , biological , radiological , or nuclear ( CBRN ) protective equipment were asked to ventilate this modified airway trainer , either with or without a CBRN filter attached to the inlet filtration system of the AMBU Mark III Resuscitator . maximum levels of minute ventilation achieved were compared . are given as mean + / - SD . paired t-test was used to detect any differences between the two groups , p-values of < 0.05 were defined to show statistical significance . described model allowed a reproducible and reliable measurement of the delivered minute ventilation . paramedics were able to operate the device without prior CBRN training . maximum minute volume achieved without the filter was 9.5 + / -2.7 l/min . of the inlet CBRN filtration system reduced the maximum minute volume to 6.3 + / -2.0 l/min , reduction : 23 % . achieved maximum minute volumes ranged from 15 to 4.9 l/min in the controls and from 9.8 to 1.4 l/min in the CBRN group . paramedics were unable to achieve a minute volume > 5 l/min in the CBRN group , one participant failed to achieve that value in the control group . inherent breathing resistance of the CBRN filter appears to reduce the inflow of air into the self-inflatable bag . delay in refilling may have resulted in a reduced achievable minute volume . range of maximum minute volumes observed in both groups highlights the need for continuous BVM ventilator training ."
4968,Abstract #4968,"compare oral misoprostol 400 microg with intramuscular oxytocin 10 IU in the routine management of the third stage . placebo controlled trial . referral hospital and its associated polyclinics in Accra , Ghana . hundred and one low risk women , in the second stage of labour with anticipated vaginal delivery , who entered labour spontaneously . delivery of the anterior shoulder of the baby , the women were randomised to receive either : 1 . 400 microg powder in water orally and 1 mL normal saline intramuscular injection ( placebo ) ; or 2 . cellulose in water orally ( placebo ) and 1 mL oxytocin 10 IU intramuscular injection . in haemoglobin concentration from before delivery to 12 hours postpartum . outcomes included need for additional oxytocics , blood loss > 500 mL and > 1,000 mL , operative intervention for postpartum haemorrhage , and side effects , including nausea , vomiting , diarrhoea , shivering and elevated temperature . characteristics were similar . was no significant difference in change in haemoglobin concentration between the two groups ( 0.60 g/dL for misoprostol and 0.55 g/dL for oxytocin ; relative difference 9.6 % ; 95 % CI 20.5-39 .6 % ; P = 0.54 ) . were no significant differences in secondary outcomes with the exception of shivering , which occurred more frequently in the misoprostol group ( 22.2 % vs 5.7 % ; relative risk 4.73 ; 95 % CI 2.31-9 .68 ; P < 0.0001 ) . low risk women oral misoprostol appears to be as effective in minimising blood loss in the third stage of labour as intramuscular oxytocin . was noted more frequently with misoprostol use , but no other side effects were noted . has great potential for use in the third stage of labour especially in developing countries ."
4969,Abstract #4969,"surgery , utilizing extracorporeal circulation , is associated with a heavy fluid load that may significantly depress haemoglobin concentration . , considering haemoglobin alone may be an inaccurate method of replacing red cell volume loss . study was designed to examine the impact on red cell transfusion of a red cell volume-based guideline . were randomized to receive red cells as dictated by the red cell volume-based guideline or a haemoglobin-based protocol . considered were red cell transfusion and clinical outcome . transfused as per the red cell volume-based guideline received significantly less red cells with no associated difference in clinical outcome . haemoglobin concentration alone may significantly overestimate the requirement for red cell transfusion in elective cardiac surgery patients ."
4970,Abstract #4970,"test the hypothesis that rosiglitazone combined with metformin provides a greater reduction in microalbuminuria and blood pressure than metformin and glyburide at comparable levels of glycemic control . a double-blind , parallel-group design 389 participants with type 2 diabetes were followed for 32 weeks . albumin : creatinine ratio was significantly reduced at 32 weeks compared with baseline in the rosiglitazone plus metformin group ( -22.7 % ; P < 0.01 ) but not in the glyburide plus metformin comparator group ( -7.1 % ; P = 0.32 ) . who completed the study ( 81.5 % ) demonstrated a treatment difference of -19.5 % ( P = 0.03 ) , favoring the rosiglitazone group . plus metformin reduced both mean 24-h systolic ( -3.4 mmHg ; P = 0.01 ) and diastolic ( -2.5 mmHg ; P < 0.01 ) ambulatory blood pressure compared with glyburide plus metformin . of rosiglitazone to metformin also reduced levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen and activity , C-reactive protein , von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen compared with addition of glyburide . added to background therapy with metformin provides greater reductions in microalbuminuria and blood pressure as compared with glyburide . additional improvements in microalbuminuria , blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers were observed despite comparable improvements in glycemic control in both groups and may be related to the anti-inflammatory properties of rosiglitazone ."
4971,Abstract #4971,"antipsychotic agents , which block postsynaptic dopamine and serotonin receptors , have advantages over traditional antipsychotic medications in the treatment of adults with schizophrenia and may be beneficial in children with autistic disorder who have serious behavioral disturbances . , data on the safety and efficacy of atypical antipsychotic agents in children are limited . conducted a multisite , randomized , double-blind trial of risperidone as compared with placebo for the treatment of autistic disorder accompanied by severe tantrums , aggression , or self-injurious behavior in children 5 to 17 years old . primary outcome measures were the score on the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the rating on the Clinical Global Impressions - Improvement ( CGI-I ) scale at eight weeks . total of 101 children ( 82 boys and 19 girls ; mean [ + / - SD ] age , 8.8 + / -2.7 years ) were randomly assigned to receive risperidone ( 49 children ) or placebo ( 52 ) . with risperidone for eight weeks ( dose range , 0.5 to 3.5 mg per day ) resulted in a 56.9 percent reduction in the Irritability score , as compared with a 14.1 percent decrease in the placebo group ( P < 0.001 ) . rate of a positive response , defined as at least a 25 percent decrease in the Irritability score and a rating of much improved or very much improved on the CGI-I scale , was 69 percent in the risperidone group ( 34 of 49 children had a positive response ) and 12 percent in the placebo group ( 6 of 52 , P < 0.001 ) . therapy was associated with an average weight gain of 2.7 + / -2.9 kg , as compared with 0.8 + / -2.2 kg with placebo ( P < 0.001 ) . appetite , fatigue , drowsiness , dizziness , and drooling were more common in the risperidone group than in the placebo group ( P < 0.05 for each comparison ) . two thirds of the children with a positive response to risperidone at eight weeks ( 23 of 34 ) , the benefit was maintained at six months . was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of tantrums , aggression , or self-injurious behavior in children with autistic disorder . short period of this trial limits inferences about adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia ."
4972,Abstract #4972,"aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of two citalopram formulations ( citalopram from Eurofarma Laboratrios Ltda. , as the test formulation , and cipramil from Schering-Plough , Brazil , as the reference formulation ) in healthy volunteers . study had an open , randomized , two-period crossover design with a two-week washout interval between doses . samples were obtained over a 168-hour interval after each oral administration of citalopram ( one 20 mg tablet of each formulation ) . analyte and the internal standard were extracted from plasma using diethylether : dichloromethane ( 70 : 30 , v/v ) and the extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry . was done isocratically using a Genesis C8 analytical column ( 4 microm , 2.1 mm i.d. x 100 mm ) . method had a chromatographic run time of three minutes and a linear calibration curve over the range of 0.5 - 200 ng x ml ( -1 ) ( r2 > 0.999887 ) . limit of quantification was 0.5 ng x ml ( -1 ) . geometric mean and 90 % confidence intervals ( CI ) for the citalopram/cipramil ratio were 98.28 % ( 94.24 - 102.49 % ) for AUClast , 96.44 % ( 90.20 - 103.11 % ) for AUCinf , and 98.54 % ( 94.70 - 102.54 % ) for Cmax . the 90 % CI for Cmax , AUClast and AUC ( 0-infinity ) ratios were all within the 80 - 125 % interval proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration , we concluded that the citalopram formulation elaborated by Eurofarma Laboratrios Ltda . bioequivalent to the cipramil formulation in its rate and extent of absorption ."
4973,Abstract #4973,"trials are within-patient , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled cross-over comparisons of two drugs for chronic illnesses . have investigated the use of these , offered to doctors as individualised medication effectiveness tests ( IMETs ) , as a tool to improve drug prescribing . examine patient perspectives and experiences of n-of-1 trials . provided n-of-1 trials for osteoarthritis ( OA ) , comparing paracetamol and ibuprofen ; and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) , comparing dexamphetamine or methylphenidate and placebo . or their carers were surveyed before and after the trials by questionnaire , and after the trial by semistructured interview with thematic analysis . community-based patients and practitioners . patients with OA and 21 carers of patients with ADHD , for whom the effectiveness of proposed or existing medication was uncertain , completed the questionnaires , and 25 patients/carers ( 11 with OA and 14 with ADHD ) participated in semi-structured interviews . in this purposive sample were generally very satisfied with the n-of-1 trial process . participation led to increased knowledge , awareness and understanding of their condition , their bodies ' response to it , and its management . of this arose specifically from use of daily symptom diaries . led to a sense of empowerment and control as well as improved individually-focused care . trials appeared to empower these patients as a result of both collecting information about their responses to different treatment options , and participating actively in subsequent therapeutic decisions . are a patient-centred intervention that may improve medication management in suitable chronic diseases ."
4974,Abstract #4974,"is a new once-daily inhaled beta ( 2 ) - agonist in clinical development for asthma as a component of a fixed-dose combination with an inhaled corticosteroid . investigate the efficacy and safety of indacaterol in patients with chronic persistent asthma . total of 115 patients were randomized in a double-blind , incomplete-block cross-over design to sequences of four 7-day treatment periods ( separated by 7-day washouts ) with indacaterol 100 , 200 , 300 , 400 , or 600 micro g or placebo , once daily , via single-dose dry-powder inhaler . the fourth washout , patients received 1 day of open-label formoterol 12 mu g twice daily . expiratory volume in 1 second ( FEV ( 1 ) ) was measured for 24 hours post-dose on days 1 and 7 . standardized ( with respect to time ) FEV ( 1 ) area under the curve at 22 to 24 hours ( AUC ( 22-24h ) ) on day 1 , indacaterol doses > or = 200 micro g were superior to placebo ( p < 0.05 ) and similar or greater than formoterol 12 micro g twice daily . day 7 , mean differences from placebo in FEV ( 1 ) standardized AUC ( 22-24h ) were 0.08 , 0.16 , 0.15 , 0.11 , and 0.16 L for indacaterol 100 , 200 , 300 , 400 , and 600 micro g , respectively ( all p < 0.05 vs. placebo ) . FEV ( 1 ) for indacaterol doses > or = 200 micro g on day 7 was higher than placebo ( p < 0.05 ) pre-dose and at all post-dose time points . were generally mild in severity ; no serious AEs occurred . clinically meaningful differences were observed between treatments in any safety assessments . indacaterol demonstrated sustained 24-hour bronchodilator efficacy , with similar efficacy on days 1 and 7 , and was generally well tolerated ."
4975,Abstract #4975,"describe and evaluate a home-based nursing intervention program , the REST routine , which incorporates the use of infant behavior assessment , pattern recognition , individualized infant schedules , specific management strategies , and parent education and support . two-site clinical trial was conducted on 164 healthy full-term infants with excessive unexplained irritability or colic . between the ages of 2 to 6 weeks were randomized to routine care or a home-based intervention program ( n = 121 ) . third group ( n = 43 ) of infants too old at entry for randomization ( mean age = 10.4 weeks ) were entered into a posttest-only group . in the REST routine treatment group cried 1.3 hours per day on average following the intervention program as compared to the control group crying 3 hours per day ( p = .02 ) . irritability was resolved ( < 1 hour ) in 62 % of the treatment group while only in 29 % of the control group at the time of the 8-week follow-up visit ( p = .04 ) . in both the treatment and control groups reported benefiting from a nurse visiting in their home to inquire about their infant and their well-being . for individualizing the program for those most in need of intensive home visiting and other delivery modes for the intervention are areas for further investigation ."
4976,Abstract #4976,"determine the accuracy of placental growth factor ( PlGF ) , soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 ( sFlt-1 ) , and inhibin A in singleton and multiple-gestation pregnancies for predicting preeclampsia ( PE ) and small for gestational age ( SGA ) . prospective cohort nested in a randomized controlled trial of antioxidant supplementation for the prevention of PE . biomarkers were evaluated at 12 to 18 ( visit 1 ) and 24 to 26 ( visit 2 ) weeks ' gestation and expressed as adjusted multiples of the median . pregnancy ( 74/772 ) had a significant impact on all biomarkers ' levels . was the best predictor of PE and SGA . a 10 % false-positive rate , PlGF at visit 1 had 21 % sensitivity for predicting PE in singleton versus 60 % in multiple-gestation pregnancies . at visit 1 had a 31 % sensitivity in singleton and 27 % in multiple-gestation pregnancies for SGA prediction . level was a good predictor of subsequent PE as early as 12 to 18 weeks in multiple-gestation pregnancies but was not clinically useful enough to be used as a single marker ."
4977,Abstract #4977,"study the effect of proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole ( Rab ) and omeprazole ( Ome ) on intragastric acidity and it relationship to S-mephenytoin hydroxylase ( CYP2C19 ) genetic polymorphism . duodenal ulcer patients were randomly divided into two groups . were treated by the following strategies : Rab 10mg or Ome 20mg twice daily orally for two days . pH over 24 hours was recorded from morning of the second day . CYP2C19 genotyping of each patient was detected by PCR-restriction enzyme analysis . Rab group , the mean intragastric pH values of the PM , hetEM and homEM were 6.3 + / - 0.1 , 6.1 + / - 0.2 , 6.0 + / - 0.1 , no significant difference was observed among the three different genotype groups . Ome group , they were 6.3 + / - 0.1 , 5.9 + / - 0.2 , 5.6 + / - 0.3 . differences were significant ( P < 0.05 ) . treated with Rab for 24 hours , the mean and median 24 h intragastric pH values were significant higher than that of Ome ( 6.1 + / - 0.2 , 6.1 + / - 0.3 vs 5.8 + / - 0.4 , 5.7 + / - 0.4 , P < 0.05 ) . reason was that big difference existed in homEM type between Rab ( 6.0 + / - 0.1 ) than Ome ( 5.6 + / - 0.3 ) group . occurred in 3 patients of each group . sustaining time of NAB in Rab group was shorter than that of Ome group [ ( 2.6 + / - 0.2 ) h vs ( 3.4 + / - 0.6 ) h ] . effect of Rab on control of intragastric pH was less affected by an individual 's CYP2C19 status . Rab and Ome could not overcome NAB , but Rab could shorten the sustaining time of nocturnal acid breakthrough ."
4978,Abstract #4978,"data have shown that the autonomic nervous system is strongly implicated in the genesis of atrial fibrillation ( AF ) . aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single ablation procedure in patients with vagotonic , adrenergic and random type of paroxysmal AF . clinical records of consecutive patients with symptomatic , drug-refractory paroxysmal AF who underwent pulmonary vein antral isolation were analysed . study population consisted of 104 patients ( 64 males , mean age 57.9 10.9 years ) with paroxysmal AF . on AF triggers , patients were classified in those with vagotonic ( 31.7 % ) , adrenergic ( 17.3 % ) and random AF ( 51 % ) . with adrenergic and random AF tended to be older ( p : 0.104 ) and displayed a higher incidence of hypertension ( p : 0.088 ) compared with those with vagotonic AF . a mean follow-up period of 14.7 7.4 months , 74 patients were free from arrhythmia recurrence ( 71.2 % ) . arrhythmia recurrence ( > 3 months from the index procedure ) occurred in 33.3 % , 16.7 % and 30.2 % of patients with vagotonic , adrenergic and random AF , respectively ( p : 0.434 ) . regression analysis showed that early AF recurrence [ hazard ratio ( HR ) 15.76 ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) 5.456-45 .566 , p : < 0.001 ] , left atrial volume ( HR 0.969 ; 95 % CI 0.942-0 .996 , p : 0.025 ) and statin use ( HR 6.828 ; 95 % CI 2.078-22 .437 p : 0.002 ) were independent predictors of late arrhythmia recurrence . this study cohort , the type of paroxysmal AF was not associated with arrhythmia recurrence following left atrial ablation ."
4979,Abstract #4979,"is increased recognition that gender differences may influence outcomes and may modify vulnerability to tobacco addiction , severity of course and response to different treatments . hypothesized that naltrexone , which has been used to successfully treat opioid and alcohol dependence , when combined with nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) and psychosocial therapy ( PT ) may enhance smoking cessation rates in women . adult female smokers meeting DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence with expired carbon monoxide content of > or = 15 ppm were randomly assigned in a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of naltrexone 50 mg + NRT patch + psychosocial therapy ( N + NRT + PT ) ( N = 12 ) or placebo + NRT patch + psychosocial therapy ( P + N + PT ) ( N = 12 ) for 12 weeks . weeks of treatment was completed by 54.5 % . cessation among females who completed the 12 weeks for N + NRT + PT was 91.7 % ( 11/12 ) and for P + NRT + PT was 50 % ( 6/12 ) . combined with NRT and psychosocial therapy appears to have a positive cessation effect on women and may be a new treatment option for recidivist female smokers ."
4980,Abstract #4980,"investigate the possibility of a dose-response relationship for the use of domperidone in treating insufficient milk supply in mothers of preterm infants , and to quantify the exposure of the breastfed infant to domperidone . preterm mothers received domperidone ( 30 mg daily or 60 mg daily ) in a double-blind , randomized , crossover trial . production and serum prolactin were measured before and during the trial , and domperidone concentration in milk was measured during drug treatment . milk production , two of the mothers were ` nonresponders ' , whereas the other four were ` responders ' and showed a significant increase in milk production from 8.7 + / - 3.1 g h ( -1 ) in the run-in phase ( mean + / - SEM ) , 23.6 + / - 3.9 g h ( -1 ) for the 30-mg dose ( P = 0.0217 ) and 29.4 + / - 6.6 g h ( -1 ) for the 60-mg dose ( P = 0.0047 ) . all participants , serum prolactin was significantly increased for both doses , but the response was not dose dependent . ( interquartile range ) domperidone concentrations in milk over a dose interval at steady-state were 0.28 microg l ( -1 ) ( 0.24-0 .43 ) and 0.49 microg l ( -1 ) ( 0.33-0 .72 ) for the 30-mg and 60-mg doses , respectively . mean relative infant dose was 0.012 % at 30 mg daily and 0.009 % at 60 mg daily . one-third of mothers , domperidone did not increase milk production . the remainder , milk production increased at both domperidone doses , and there was a trend for a dose-response relationship . amount of domperidone that transfers into milk was extremely low , and infant exposure via breastfeeding was not considered to be significant ."
4981,Abstract #4981,"examined hemodynamic responses during gastroscopy in healthy subjects and compared the changes with midazolam alone versus in combination with meperidine . aim of this study was to evaluate if either method had any advantages or disadvantages with respect to patient compliance and the commonly seen side effects . patients who were otherwise healthy were included in each group . midazolam 0.05 mg/kg IV ( Group I ) or meperidine 0.3 mg/kg IV followed by midazolam 0.05 mg/kg ( Group II ) IV were used for sedation . of noninvasive hemodynamic and cardiac parameters were recorded before and at the 1st minute after medication , and at the 1st minute and 2-min intervals during the procedure . assessed the comfort of patients according to pre-determined criteria . analysis was performed for both inter-group and in-group comparisons of parameters . rate increased significantly in Group I ( p < 0.05 ) . pressures and oxygen saturation decreased significantly with sedation in both groups during endoscopy ( p < 0.05 ) , without significant difference between the groups for the changes in these parameters ( p > 0.05 ) . compliance was significantly better in Group II than in Group I , for all measured criteria . observed that heart rate increases significantly whereas SAP , DAP and SpO2 decrease significantly with both sedation methods . did not differ except for the significantly higher increase in heart rate in Group I. Patient compliance was significantly better with combined sedation . believe that combined sedation in selected patients provides a safe sedation with a mild to moderate increase in heart rate and a better patient compliance during gastroscopy ."
4982,Abstract #4982,"blockade by ex-vivo gene therapy of experimental vein grafts inhibits the neointimal hyperplasia and subsequent accelerated atherosclerosis that lead to human bypass-graft failure . a prospective , randomised , controlled trial , we investigated the safety and biological efficacy of intraoperative gene therapy in patients receiving bypass vein grafts . studied gene therapy that uses decoy oligodeoxynucleotide , which binds and inactivates the pivotal cell-cycle transcription factor E2F . patients were randomly assigned untreated ( 16 ) , E2F-decoy-treated ( 17 ) , or scrambled-oligodeoxynucleotide-treated ( eight ) human infrainguinal vein grafts . was delivered to grafts intraoperatively by ex-vivo pressure-mediated transfection . primary endpoints were safety and inhibition of target cell-cycle regulatory genes and of DNA synthesis in the grafts . was by intention to treat . transfection efficiency was 89.0 % ( SD 1.9 ) . nuclear antigen and c-myc mRNA concentrations and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation were decreased in the EF2-decoy group by medians of 73 % [ IQR 53-84 ] , 70 % [ 50-79 ] , and 74 % [ 56-83 ] , respectively ) but not in the scrambled-oligodeoxynucleotide group ( p < 0.0001 ) . did not differ for postoperative complication rates . 12 months , fewer graft occlusions , revisions , or critical stenoses were seen in the E2F-decoy group than in the untreated group ( hazard ratio 0.34 [ 95 % CI 0.12-0 .99 ] ) . transfection of human bypass vein grafts with E2F-decoy oligodeoxynucleotide is safe , feasible , and can achieve sequence-specific inhibition of cell-cycle gene expression and DNA replication . of this genetic-engineering strategy may lower failure rates of human primary bypass vein grafting ."
4983,Abstract #4983,"colitis is characterised by diarrhoea , lymphocytic inflammation , and a thickened subepithelial collagen layer in the colorectal mucosa . standard treatment of the disease is established . investigate the clinical and histological effect of oral budesonide ( Entocort , AstraZeneca ) in the treatment of collagenous colitis . patients with collagenous colitis ( collagen layer > 10 micro m ) and diarrhoea ( > 4 stools/day and/or stool weight > 200 g/day ) . randomised , double blind , placebo controlled trial of budesonide treatment . were randomised to placebo or budesonide for eight weeks . frequency and stool weight were registered before and after treatment . was performed before and after treatment , and biopsies at fixed locations were obtained for morphometric analysis . patients were randomised to budesonide and 10 to placebo . 10 patients receiving budesonide had a clinical response compared with two in the placebo group ( p < 0.001 ) . the budesonide group , stool weight was reduced from 574 g/day to 200 g/day and stool frequency was reduced from 6.2 / day to 1.9 / day ( p < 0.01 ) . histological inflammation grade in the sigmoid mucosa and the thickness of the collagen layer were significantly reduced . correlation between the grade of inflammation as well as collagen layer thickness and stool weight was found . side effects were reported . of 10 patients had relapse of symptoms within eight weeks after stopping treatment . is a highly effective and well tolerated treatment of collagenous colitis . is a high risk of relapse after stopping eight weeks of treatment ."
4984,Abstract #4984,"study aimed to report the frequency of ophthalmologic surgical and medical therapies provided to children with birth weights less than 1251 g who had all stages of retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ) . addition , this study aimed to report the initial age at which such procedures are provided and to report the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid shunts . case series with prospective data collection . from the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity ( CRYO-ROP ) with birth weights less than 1251 g served as subjects . A included 257 children from all 23 CRYO-ROP study centers who had threshold ROP , who had participated in the randomized trial of cryotherapy , and who had survived to age 1 year . B included 1208 children from 5 of the 23 study centers who had varying severity of ROP ( 69 had threshold ROP ) and who had participated in a 5 1/2 - year study of the natural history of ROP . documented medical and surgical ophthalmologic interventions through age 5 1/2 years as well as cerebrospinal fluid shunting surgery for hydrocephalus through age 2 years . A was composed of 257 children with threshold ROP who underwent 226 ocular interventions in addition to cryotherapy ( 0.9 intervention per child ) . most common treatments performed on the randomized cohort of children were vitrectomy ( 26 % of patients ) , lensectomy ( 18 % ) , amblyopia therapy ( 20 % ) , and strabismus surgery ( 10 % ) . surgery not associated with vitrectomy was performed infrequently ( 2 % ) and was performed equally often in treated and control eyes . therapy was prescribed as often for treated as for control eyes . fluid shunts were placed in 11 % of these children . B was composed of 1208 natural history patients who underwent 239 ophthalmologic interventions ( 0.4 intervention per child ) . surgery was the most commonly performed procedure for the natural history cohort of children ( 6 % of the children ) . therapy was prescribed for 7 % of the natural history patients . fluid shunts were required by 3 % of the natural history infants , more often in children with more severe ROP . premature infants underwent a large number of ophthalmologic treatments during the first 5 1/2 years of life . long-term costs of both extreme prematurity and ROP include not only the initial ablative therapy for ROP and societal loss due to blindness that still occurs in some cases , but also the ongoing costs of caring for eye problems ."
4985,Abstract #4985,"outcomes after traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC ; one 10-mm port , one 12-mm port and two 5-mm ports ) and minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy ( MLC ; three 3-mm ports and one 12-mm port ) for gallstone disease were compared . study was a randomized , single-blind trial comparing LC with MLC . elective patients were eligible for inclusion . was a routine procedure at the institution in which the study was performed , whereas MLC was introduced after a short training period . randomization period was from January to December 2001 . 175 patients who had elective minimal access cholecystectomy during the randomization period , 135 entered the trial : 68 underwent LC and 67 underwent MLC . groups were matched for age , sex and preoperative characteristics . ( range ) operating times for LC and MLC were similar ( 45 ( 20-120 ) and 50 ( 20-170 ) min respectively ) . and postoperative complication rates , the time for the patient to resume walking , eating and passing stools , and median hospital stay were the same in the two groups . level of postoperative pain was lower in the MLC group at 1 h ( P = 0.011 ) , 3 h ( P = 0.012 ) , 6 h ( P = 0.003 ) , 12 h ( P = 0.052 ) and 24 h ( P = 0.034 ) . who had MLC received fewer injections of analgesic ( P = 0.036 ) and more patients in this group expressed satisfaction with the cosmetic result ( P = 0.001 ) . took a similar time to perform and caused less postoperative pain than the standard laparoscopic procedure . the port size further enhanced the advantages of laparoscopic over open cholecystectomy ."
4986,Abstract #4986,", researcher-blinded , repeated-measures , randomized complete block design . compare the effects of a single treatment of Pneumatherm , moist heat pack , and a control treatment on hamstring muscle length . , heating modalities have been used to facilitate increases in tissue length . Pneumatherm has been developed over the past 20 years for use in the clinical treatment of a variety of musculoskeletal pathologies . , there is no published evidence supporting the use of Pneumatherm for improving muscle length . consisted of 30 healthy , college-age males taken from a convenience sampling from the University of Indianapolis student population . received a 3-treatment sequence on consecutive days . involved applying the determined modality to the posterior thigh using standard treatment protocols . hand-held dynamometer was used to establish a consistent passive measurement force to measure hamstring muscle length . mixed-model analysis of variance with pretest-posttest ( 3 pretest and 3 posttest measures ) and treatment sequence of the modalities ( 6 sequences of Pneumatherm , moist heat , and control ) was completed . only significant effect was for pretest-posttest measures . hoc comparisons revealed that the Pneumatherm posttest value was significantly different from all other measures . were no differences found between pretest scores and the moist heat and control posttest scores . results demonstrate that the Pneumatherm modality is an effective agent for increasing hamstring muscle length following a single 20-minute treatment . this study , a significant gain in hamstring muscle length was not found following a 1-time treatment with moist heat . Pneumatherm may be a good option when heat is used to assist in gaining flexibility of the hamstring musculature ."
4987,Abstract #4987,"study sought to determine whether patients who are homozygous for the deletion ( D ) - type allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene display augmented ventricular dilation after myocardial infarction . evidence suggests that the deletion-type allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene ( DD genotype ) is associated with an increased prevalence of myocardial infarction and myocardial hypertrophy . , it is unknown whether the DD genotype is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling . address this question we determined the genotype in patients enrolled in the Captopril and Thrombolysis Study ( CATS ) , a prospective trial in which patients received either captopril or placebo during and after thrombolysis for a first anterior myocardial infarction . volume was determined by echocardiography immediately after thrombolysis and at 1-year follow-up . genotype for the angiotensin-converting enzyme was determined in 96 patients . levels were assessed during and immediately after thrombolysis . after thrombolysis , cardiac volume did not differ between genotype groups . , at 1-year follow-up , both end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular volumes were significantly greater in the DD-genotype group . increased to higher levels in the DD-genotype group that received placebo therapy . treatment effectively blunted both the norepinephrine increase and cardiac dilation in the DD-genotype group . exploratory study suggests that homozygosity for the angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion-type allele is associated with augmented neurohumoral activation as well as augmented cardiac dilation after an acute anterior myocardial infarction , an effect that may be susceptible to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition ."
4988,Abstract #4988,"Partner Violence ( IPV ) is prevalent among recent mothers and negatively impacts their physical and emotional health . , the negative influence of IPV on parenting capacity and children 's development is well described . , it is unclear whether there is any relationship between IPV and method of infant feeding . is known about how women who are subjected to IPV make decisions about infant feeding or whether living in this context impacts on their experience of breastfeeding . what is known about the importance of breastfeeding , particularly for vulnerable populations , research is essential to inform clinical practice and to develop appropriate community support strategies . paper describes an analysis of data from a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial : Improving maternal and child health nurse care for vulnerable mothers ( MOVE ) . MOVE trial was conducted in the north-western suburbs of Melbourne , Australia from April 2010-April 2011 and involved 80 maternal and child health centres , 160 nurses and 2621 women who completed a survey . partner violence was measured using the Composite Abuse Scale . per cent ( n = 2111 ) of participating women initiated breastfeeding , with 80 % ( n = 1776 ) and 74 % ( n = 1537 ) indicating ` any ' breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months respectively . tended to be older , well-educated with a household income > $ 70,000 per annum compared to the general population . characteristics of women from the IPV and non-IPV groups were similar and together were comparable to all women who gave birth in north-west Melbourne . reported prevalence of IPV in this survey was 6.3 % ( n = 138 ) , which may be an underestimate . rates did not significantly differ between IPV and non-IPV groups . findings suggest that women who experience IPV are just as likely to breastfeed as the broader population of women . this analysis provide 's a snapshot of breastfeeding rates for this group of women , it does not capture women 's experience of IPV as it relates to feeding a baby . order to better identify infant feeding in the context of IPV , qualitative research is also necessary to investigate in a way that fully engages victims/survivors , giving them the opportunity to give voice to their experiences ."
4989,Abstract #4989,"aim of this study was to compare the effects of exemestane and tamoxifen on hormone levels in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer within a Germany substudy of the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational ( TEAM ) trial . the TEAM trial , patients were randomized to receive adjuvant treatment with exemestane for 5 years or tamoxifen for 2.5-3 years followed by exemestane for 2-2 .5 years . levels of testosterone , dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( DHEAS ) , sex hormone binding globulin ( SHBG ) , follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) and parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) - intact were measured at screening and after 3 , 6 and 12 months of treatment . on hormone levels were available from 63 patients in the tamoxifen arm and 68 patients in the exemestane arm . with exemestane resulted in decreases from baseline in SHBG and PTH-intact levels , and increases from baseline in testosterone , DHEAS and FSH levels . treatment resulted in increases from baseline in SHBG and PTH-intact , whereas levels of testosterone and FSH decreased and DHEAS levels did not change . all time points assessed , the absolute change from baseline was significantly different between tamoxifen and exemestane for testosterone , SHBG , FSH and PTH-intact ( all p < 0.0001 ) . and tamoxifen had statistically significantly different effects on hormone levels , including testosterone , SHBG , FSH and PTH-intact ."
4990,Abstract #4990,"reduce arsenic ( As ) exposure , we evaluated the effectiveness of training community members to perform water arsenic ( WAs ) testing and provide As education compared to sending representatives from outside communities to conduct these tasks . conducted a cluster based randomized controlled trial of 20 villages in Singair , Bangladesh . eligible respondents were randomly selected in each village . 10 villages , a community member provided As education and WAs testing . a second set of 10 villages an outside representative performed these tasks . , 53 % of respondents using As contaminated wells , relative to the Bangladesh As standard of 50g/L , at baseline switched after receiving the intervention . , when there was less than 60 % arsenic contaminated wells in a village , the classification used by the Bangladeshi and UNICEF , 74 % of study households in the community tester villages , and 72 % of households in the outside tester villages reported switching to an As safe drinking water source . was more common in the outside-tester ( 63 % ) versus community-tester villages ( 44 % ) . , after adjusting for the availability of arsenic safe drinking water sources , well switching did not differ significantly by type of As tester ( Odds ratio = 0.86 [ 95 % confidence interval 0.42-1 .77 ) . follow-up , among those using As contaminated wells who switched to safe wells , average urinary As concentrations significantly decreased . overall intervention was effective in reducing As exposure provided there were As-safe drinking water sources available . , there was not a significant difference observed in the ability of the community and outside testers to encourage study households to use As-safe water sources . findings of this study suggest that As education and WAs testing programs provided by As testers , irrespective of their residence , could be used as an effective , low cost approach to reduce As exposure in many As-affected areas of Bangladesh ."
4991,Abstract #4991,"alopecia ( AGA ) is undoubtedly the most common form of hair loss in males . is a condition which may cause cosmetic and psychosocial problems in androgen-dependent cases . this open , randomized and comparative study we evaluated the efficacy of oral finasteride and 5 % topical minoxidil treatment for 12 months in 65 male patients with mild to severe AGA . randomly assigned 40 ( 61.53 % ) patients to receive 1 mg/day oral finasteride for 12 months , and 25 ( 38.47 % ) patients applied 5 % topical minoxidil solution twice daily for 12 months . were no significant differences between the 2 groups considering age , age of onset of hair loss , family history and type of hair loss ( p > 0.05 ) . the clinical evaluation at the endpoint of treatment , the clinical cure rates ( i.e. increased intensity of hair ) were 80 % ( 32/40 ) for the oral finasteride group and 52 % ( 13/25 ) for the 5 % topical minoxidil group . side effects were all mild , and there was no need to stop the treatment . the group given oral finasteride , side effects were noted in 7 patients : 6 patients suffered from loss of libido , and 1 patient had an increase in other body hairs ; irritation of the scalp was seen in 1 patient in the group administered 5 % minoxidil . adverse events disappeared as soon as the treatment was stopped . laboratory data on both drug groups did not show any statistically or clinically significant intragroup changes from baseline values to the endpoint ( p > 0.05 ) , except the level of serum total testosterone which was increased , and free testosterone and serum prostate-specific antigen in the finasteride group which were statistically decreased from baseline values to the endpoint ( p < 0.05 ) . this comparative study of systemic finasteride and topical minoxidil , it was concluded that both drugs were effective and safe in the treatment of mild to severe AGA , although oral finasteride treatment was more effective ( p < 0.05 ) . events were not considered important either , and these side effects disappeared as soon as the treatment was stopped ."
4992,Abstract #4992,"test the hypothesis that radiotherapy ( RT ) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( HNSCC ) can be improved by hypoxic modification using nimorazole ( NIM ) in association with accelerated fractionation . protocol was activated in March 2012 as an international multicenter randomized trial in patients with HNSCC . were treated to a dose of 66-70Gy , 33-35 fractions , 6 fractions per week . was administered in a dose of 1.2 gperm ( 2 ) , 90min before the first daily RT fraction . primary endpoint was loco-regional failure . trial was closed prematurely by June 2014 due to poor recruitment . associated quality assurance program was performed to ensure the consistency of RT with the protocol guidelines . trial was dimensioned to include 600 patients in 3years , but only 104 patients were randomized between March 2012 and May 2014 due to the inability to involve three major centers and the insufficient recruitment rate from the other participating centers . patients from two centers had to be excluded from the analysis due to the unavailability of the follow-up data . the remaining 84 patients , 82 patients were evaluable ( 39 and 43 patients in the RT+NIM and the RT-alone arms , respectively ) . treatment compliance was good with only six patients not completing the full planned RT course , and 31 patients ( 79 % ) out of 39 allocated for NIM , achieving at least 90 % of the prescribed drug dose . the time of evaluation , 40 patients had failed to achieve persistent loco-regional tumor control , and a total of 45 patients had died . use of NIM improved the loco-regional tumor control with an 18month post-randomization cumulative failure rate of 33 % versus 51 % in the control arm , yielding a risk difference of 18 % ( CI -3 % to 39 % ; P = 0.10 ) . corresponding values for overall death was 43 % versus 62 % , yielding a risk difference of 19 % ( CI -3 % to 42 % ; P = 0.10 ) . patients , out of 55 patients analyzed for hypoxic gene expression , were classified as having more hypoxic tumors . patients , if treated with RT alone , had a higher loco-regional tumor failure rate as compared to the rest of the patients with known hypoxic status ( P = 0.05 ) . the trial was incomplete and suffered from a small number of patients , the results suggested an improvement in loco-regional tumor control and overall survival in patients with advanced HNSCC given the hypoxic modifier NIM in addition to accelerated fractionation RT. . , the trial also revealed that conducting multicenter and multinational study combining drug and RT in developing countries may suffer from uncontrolled and unsolvable problems ."
4993,Abstract #4993,"examine the effects of a ten week deadlift training program on peak torque and agonist-antagonist coactivation . untrained subjects ( mean age = 23 years ) participated in this investigation , and were randomly assigned to a training ( males , n = 17 ; females , n = 17 ) or control ( males , n = 9 ; females , n = 11 ) group . subjects in the training group performed deadlifts twice per week . peak torque for the leg extensors and flexors and surface electromyographic ( EMG ) amplitude for the superficial quadriceps and biceps femoris muscles were assessed . training increased leg extension peak torque for the males ( P = .008 , Cohen 's d = 0.43 ) and females ( P = .003 , d = 0.48 ) . flexion peak torque improved for the females ( P = .001 , d = 0.45 ) . EMG amplitude for the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles when they served as agonists was demonstrated for the females ( P = .010 , d = 0.40 ) , but not the males ( P = .059 , d = 0.20 ) . both sexes , the effect sizes for the decline in biceps femoris coactivation were large . training elicited improvements in strength and agonist-antagonist coactivation in untrained subjects , and particularly , novice females ."
4994,Abstract #4994,"report neuropsychological and structural brain imaging assessments in children 16 years of age with d-transposition of the great arteries who underwent the arterial switch operation as infants . were randomly assigned to a vital organ support method , deep hypothermia with either total circulatory arrest or continuous low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass . 159 eligible adolescents , 139 ( 87 % ) participated . achievement , memory , executive functions , visual-spatial skills , attention , and social cognition were assessed . significant treatment group differences were found . occurrence of seizures in the postoperative period was the medical variable most consistently related to worse outcomes . scores of both treatment groups tended to be lower than those of the test normative populations , with substantial proportions scoring 1 SDs below the expected mean . the test scores of most adolescents in this trial cohort are in the average range , a substantial proportion have received remedial academic or behavioral services ( 65 % ) . resonance imaging abnormalities were more frequent in the d-transposition of the great arteries group ( 33 % ) than in a referent group ( 4 % ) . with d-transposition of the great arteries who have undergone the arterial switch operation are at increased neurodevelopmental risk . data suggest that children with congenital heart disease may benefit from ongoing surveillance to identify emerging difficulties . : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . identifier : NCT00000470 ."
4995,Abstract #4995,"pharmacokinetics of olanzapine and response to treatment could be affected by polymorphisms in genes coding for drug-metabolizing enzymes , transporters , or receptors . aim of this study was to identify genetic markers predictive of pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , and adverse effects of olanzapine . healthy volunteers receiving a single 5-mg oral dose of olanzapine were genotyped for 39 genetic variants that could be related to the response to olanzapine . genetic variants were analyzed by PharmaChip , but DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction . was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry . relationship of gender and polymorphisms with olanzapine pharmacokinetics , the change in prolactin levels , and the incidence of adverse effects were evaluated by multiple regression analysis . pharmacokinetics of olanzapine was influenced by polymorphisms in CYP3A5 , GSTM3 , and GRIN2B . levels were affected by gender and polymorphisms in DRD2 and 5-HTR2A . in CYP2C9 , TPMT , UGT1A1 , MDR1 , and 5-HTR2A were related to some adverse effects of olanzapine . polymorphisms can explain differences in the pharmacokinetics , pharmacodynamics , and safety of olanzapine in healthy subjects . these genetic factors influence the risk of therapeutic failure or tolerability in patients remains to be established ."
4996,Abstract #4996,"authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of quetiapine plus lithium or divalproex in the prevention of recurrent mood events in patients with stabilized bipolar I disorder . total of 1,953 patients received open-label quetiapine ( 400-800 mg/day in flexible , divided doses ) with either lithium or divalproex ( target serum concentrations 0.5-1 .2 meq/liter and 50-125 microg/ml , respectively ) for up to 36 weeks . at least 12 weeks of clinical stability , 628 patients were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with quetiapine or placebo , in combination with lithium or divalproex , for up to 104 weeks . primary efficacy measure was time to recurrence of any mood event ( mania , depression , or a mixed episode ) . patients in the quetiapine group experienced a mood event compared with the placebo group ( 20.3 % versus 52.1 % ) . hazard ratio for time to recurrence of a mood event was 0.32 . ratios were similar for mania and depression events ( 0.30 and 0.33 , respectively ) . , weight increase , and hypothyroidism occurred more frequently in the quetiapine group , as did discontinuations due to adverse events . incidence and incidence density of a single emergent blood glucose value > or = 126 mg/dl were higher in the quetiapine group ( 12.6 % versus 5.4 % ; 18.44 versus 9.56 patients per 100 patient-years ) . events were generally consistent with the known tolerability profile of quetiapine . patients stabilized on quetiapine plus lithium or divalproex , continued treatment was associated with a significant risk reduction in the time to recurrence of any mood event compared with placebo and lithium or divalproex ."
4997,Abstract #4997,"understand the influence of physical activity on teen smoking-cessation outcomes . ( N = 233 ; 14-19 years of age ) from West Virginia high schools who smoked > 1 cigarette in the previous 30 days were included . schools with > 300 students were selected randomly and assigned to brief intervention ( BI ) , Not on Tobacco ( N-O-T ) ( a proven teen cessation program ) , or N-O-T plus a physical activity module ( N-O-T + FIT ) . rates were determined 3 and 6 months after baseline by using self-classified and 7-day point prevalence quit rates , and carbon monoxide validation was obtained at the 3-month follow-up evaluation . for observed and imputed self-classified and 7-day point prevalence rates indicated that teens in the N-O-T + FIT group had significantly higher cessation rates compared with those in the N-O-T and BI groups . sizes were large . , girls quit more successfully with N-O-T compared with BI ( relative risk [ RR ] : > ) 3 months after baseline , and boys responded better to N-O-T + FIT than to BI ( RR : 2-3 ) or to N-O-T ( RR : 1-2 ) . in the N-O-T + FIT group , compared with those in the N-O-T group , had greater likelihood of cessation ( RR : 1.48 ) at 6 months . control group included an unusually large proportion of participants in the precontemplation stage at enrollment , but there were no significant differences in outcomes between BI and N-O-T ( z = 0.94 ; P = .17 ) or N-O-T + FIT ( z = 1.12 ; P = .13 ) participants in the precontemplation stage . physical activity to N-O-T may enhance cessation success , particularly among boys ."
4998,Abstract #4998,"the use of evidence-based preventive measures , delirium affects about 40 % of patients following cardiac surgery with the potential for serious clinical complications and anxiety for caregivers . is some evidence that family involvement as a core component of delirium management may be beneficial since familiarity helps patients stay in contact with reality , however , this merits further investigation . is also currently a gap in the scientific literature regarding objective indicators that could enhance early detection and monitoring of delirium . , this randomized pilot trial examines the acceptability , feasibility , and preliminary efficacy of an experimental nursing intervention to help family caregivers manage post-cardiac surgery delirium in their relatives . also explores the validity of a new and innovative measure that has potential as an indicator for delirium . this two-group randomized pilot study ( n = 30 ) , the control group will receive usual care and the intervention group will receive the experimental intervention aimed at reducing delirium severity . intervention nurse 's objective will be to foster the family caregiver 's self-efficacy in behaving in a supportive manner during delirium episodes . will be collected from standard delirium assessment scales and a novel measure of delirium , i.e. , cerebral oximetry obtained using near infrared spectroscopy , as well as medical records and participants ' responses to questionnaires . strategies for early detection , monitoring , and management of delirium are needed in order to improve outcomes for both patients and families . present article exposes feasibility issues based on the first few months of the empirical phase of the study that may be useful to the scientific community interested in improving the care of patients with delirium . potentially important contribution is in the exploration of cerebral oximetry , a promising measure as an objective indicator for early detection and continuous monitoring of delirium . proposed pilot study will build towards a larger trial with the potential to improve knowledge about delirium management and monitoring . pilot study was registered at Controlled Trials on March 27th 2013 and was assigned #ISRCTN 95736036 ."
4999,Abstract #4999,"assess the safety and efficacy of minocycline in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis . double-blind , randomized , multicenter , 48-week trial of oral minocycline ( 200 mg/d ) or placebo . clinical centers in the United States . adults with active rheumatoid arthritis who had previous limited treatment with disease-modifying drugs . the primary outcomes , 60 diarthrodial joints were examined for tenderness , and 58 joints were examined for swelling ( hips excluded ) . strength , evaluator 's global assessment , morning stiffness , Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire , patient 's global assessment , hematocrit , erythrocyte sedimentation rate , platelet count , and IgM rheumatoid factor levels were also assessed ; radiographs of both hands and wrists were taken . and 110 patients were randomly assigned to receive minocycline and placebo , respectively . entry , demographic , clinical , and laboratory measurements were similar in both groups . patients had mild to moderate disease activity and some evidence of destructive disease . the week 48 visit , 79 % of the minocycline group and 78 % of the placebo group continued to receive the study medication . 48 weeks , more patients in the minocycline group than in the placebo group showed improvement in joint swelling ( 54 % and 39 % ) and joint tenderness ( 56 % and 41 % ) ( P < 0.023 for both comparisons ) . minocycline group also showed greater improvement in hematocrit , erythrocyte sedimentation rate , platelet count , and IgM rheumatoid factor levels ( all P values < 0.001 ) , and more patients receiving minocycline had laboratory values within normal ranges at 48 weeks . the remaining outcomes , P values ranged from 0.04 to 0.76 , all greater than the critical value of 0.005 ( Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons ) . frequency of reported side effects was similar in both groups , and no serious toxicity occurred . was safe and effective for patients with mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis . mechanisms of action remain to be determined ."
5000,Abstract #5000,"therapeutic options are needed for patients with psoriasis . , an oral Janus kinase inhibitor , is being investigated as a treatment for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis . this study , we aimed to compare two tofacitinib doses with high-dose etanercept or placebo in this patient population . this phase 3 , randomised , multicentre , double-dummy , placebo-controlled , 12-week , non-inferiority trial , adult patients with chronic stable plaque psoriasis ( for 12 months ) who were candidates for systemic or phototherapy and had a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ( PASI ) score of 12 or higher and a Physician 's Global Assessment ( PGA ) of moderate or severe , and had failed to respond to , had a contraindication to , or were intolerant to at least one conventional systemic therapy , were enrolled from 122 investigational dermatology centres worldwide . patients were randomly assigned in a 3:3:3:1 ratio to receive tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily at about 12 h intervals , etanercept 50 mg subcutaneously twice weekly at about 3-4 day intervals , or placebo . was done by a computer-generated randomisation schedule , and all patients and study personnel were masked to treatment assignment . co-primary endpoints were the proportion of patients at week 12 with at least a 75 % reduction in the PASI score from baseline ( PASI75 response ) and the proportion of patients achieving a PGA score of `` clear '' or `` almost clear '' ( PGA response ) , analysed in the full analysis set ( all patients who were randomised and received at least one dose of study drug ) . study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT01241591 . Nov 29 , 2010 , and Sept 13 , 2012 , we enrolled 1106 eligible adult patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and randomly assigned them to the four treatment groups ( 330 to tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily , 332 to tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily , 336 to etanercept 50 mg twice weekly , and 108 to placebo ) . these patients , 1101 actually received their assigned study medication ( 329 in the tofactinib 5 mg group , 330 in the tofacitinib 10 mg group , 335 in the etanercept group , and 107 in the placebo group ) . week 12 , PASI75 responses were recorded in 130 ( 395 % ) of 329 patients in the tofacitinib 5 mg group , 210 ( 636 % ) of 330 in the tofacitinib 10 mg group , 197 ( 588 % ) of 335 in the etanercept group , and six ( 56 % ) of 107 in the placebo group . PGA response was achieved by 155 ( 471 % ) of 329 patients in the tofacitinib 5 mg group , 225 ( 682 % ) of 330 in the tofacitinib 10 mg group , 222 ( 663 % ) of 335 in the etanercept group , and 16 ( 150 % ) of 107 in the placebo group . rate of adverse events was similar across the four groups , with serious adverse events occurring in seven ( 2 % ) of 329 patients in the tofacitinib 5 mg group , five ( 2 % ) of 330 in the tofacitinib 10 mg group , seven ( 2 % ) of 335 in the etanercept group , and two ( 2 % ) of 107 in the placebo group . ( 1 % ) of 329 patients in the tofacitinib 5 mg group , ten ( 3 % ) of 330 in the tofacitinib 10 mg group , 11 ( 3 % ) of 335 in the etanercept group , and four ( 4 % ) of 107 patients in the placebo group discontinued their assigned treatment because of adverse events . patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis , the 10 mg twice daily dose of tofacitinib was non-inferior to etanercept 50 mg twice weekly and was superior to placebo , but the 5 mg twice daily dose did not show non-inferiority to etanercept 50 mg twice weekly . adverse event rates over 12 weeks were similar for tofacitinib and etanercept . study indicates that in the future tofacitinib could provide a convenient and well-tolerated therapeutic option for patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis . Inc. ."