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Contents
hide
(Top)
1
Early life
2
Early career
3
International career
Toggle International career subsection
3.1
Debut and early years
3.2
2007 World T20 and captaincy
3.3
2011 World Cup win and later
3.4
Test retirement and 2015 World cup
3.5
Final years and retirement
4
Domestic career
5
Indian Premier League
6
Outside cricket
7
Playing style
8
Personal life
9
Career statistics
Toggle Career statistics subsection
9.1
Captaincy
10
Records and achievements
11
Honors
Toggle Honors subsection
11.1
India
11.2
Chennai Super Kings
11.3
Individual

Honors
11.1
India
11.2
11.3
12
In popular culture
13
References
14
External links
Toggle the table of contents
MS Dhoni
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Indian cricketer (born 1981)
"Dhoni" redirects here. For other uses, see 
Dhoni (disambiguation)
.
Lieutenant colonel
Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Dhoni in 2023
Personal details
Born
 (
1981-07-07
) 
7 July 1981
 (age 43)
Ranchi
, 
Bihar
 (present-day 
Jharkhand
), India
Height
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
[
1
]
Spouse
Sakshi Dhoni
Awards

Height
[
1
]
Spouse
Awards
 
Padma Bhushan
 (2018)
 
Padma Shri
 (2009)
Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award
 (2008)
Nickname(s)
Mahi, Thala, Captain Cool
[
2
]
Military service
Allegiance
 
India
Branch/service
 
Indian Army
Years of service
2011–present
Rank
 
Unit
 
Territorial Army
Personal information
Full name
Batting
Right-handed
Bowling
Right-arm 
medium
Role
Wicket-keeper-batter
International information
National side
India
 (2004–2019)
Test debut (cap 
251
)
2 December 2005 v 
Sri Lanka
Last Test
26 December 2014 v 
Australia
ODI debut (cap 
158
)
23 December 2004 v 
Bangladesh
Last ODI
9 July 2019 v 
New Zealand
ODI shirt no.
7
T20I debut (cap 
2
)
1 December 2006 v 
South Africa
Last T20I
27 February 2019 v 
Australia
T20I shirt no.
7
Domestic team information
Years

Last T20I
Australia
7
Years
Team
1999–2004
Bihar
2004–2017
Jharkhand
2008–2015, 2018–present
 
(squad no. 7)
2016–2017
Rising Pune Supergiant
 
Competition
Test
ODI
T20I
T20
Matches
90
350
98
377
Runs scored
4,876
10,773
1,617
7,271
Batting average
38.09
50.57
37.60
37.86
100s/50s
6/33
10/73
0/2
0/28
Top score
224
183
*
56
85
*
Balls
 bowled
96
36
–
12
Wickets
0
1
–
0
Bowling average
–
31.00
–
–
5 wickets in innings
–
0
–
–
10 wickets in match
–
0
–
–
Best bowling
–
1/14
–
–

–
0
–
–
–
1/14
–
–
Catches/
stumpings
256/38
321/123
57/34
214/87
hide
Medal record
Men's 
Cricket
Representing 
 
India
ICC Cricket World Cup
Winner
2011 India–Bangladesh–Sri Lanka
ICC T20 World Cup
Winner
2007 South Africa
Runner-up
2014 Bangladesh
ICC Champions Trophy
Winner
2013 England and Wales
Runner-up
2017 England and Wales
ACC Asia Cup
Winner
2010 Sri Lanka
Winner
2016 Bangladesh
Winner
2018 UAE
Runner-up
2008 Pakistan
Source: 
ESPNcricinfo
, 
1 December 2023
 (
/
m
ə
ˈ
h
eɪ
n
d
r
ə
 
ˈ
s
ɪ
ŋ
 
d
h
æ
ˈ
n
ɪ
/
 
ⓘ
; born 7 July 1981) is an Indian professional 
cricketer
 who plays as a right-handed 
batter
 and a 
wicket-keeper
. Widely regarded as one of the most prolific wicket-keeper batsmen and 
captains

who plays as a right-handed 
batter
 and a 
captains
, he represented the 
Indian cricket team
 and was the captain of the side in 
limited overs
 formats from 2007 to 2017 and in 
test cricket
 from 2008 to 2014. Dhoni has captained the most international matches 
and is the most successful Indian captain. He has led India to victory 
in the 
2007 ICC World Twenty20
, the 
2011 Cricket World Cup
, and the 
2013 ICC Champions Trophy
, being the only captain to win three different limited overs ICC tournaments. He also led the teams that won the 
Asia Cup
 in 
2010
, 
2016
 and was a member of the title winning squad in 
2018
.
Born in 
Ranchi
, Dhoni made his 
first class
 debut for 
Bihar
 in 1999. He made his debut for the Indian cricket team on 23 December 2004 in an 
ODI
 against 
 and played his first test a year later against 
Sri Lanka
.
 In 2007, he became the captain of the ODI side before taking over in 
all formats by 2008. Dhoni retired from test cricket in 2014 but 
continued playing in limited overs cricket till 2019. He has scored 
17,266 runs in 
international cricket
 including 10,000 plus runs at an 
average
 of more than 50 in ODIs.
In the 
 (IPL), Dhoni plays for 
 (CSK), leading them to the final on ten occasions and winning it five times (
2010

(IPL), Dhoni plays for 
2010
, 
2011
, 
2018
, 
2021
 and 
2023
). He has also led CSK to two 
Champions League T20
 titles in 
2010
 and 
2014
. Dhoni is amongst the few batsmen to have scored more than five thousand runs in the IPL, as well as being the first 
 to do so.
In 2008, Dhoni was awarded India's highest sport honor 
 by 
Government of India
. He received the fourth highest civilian award 
Padma Shri
 in 2009 and third highest civilian award 
 in 2018. Dhoni holds an 
honorary rank
 of 
 in the 
Parachute Regiment
 of the 
Indian Territorial Army
 which was presented to him by the 
 in 2011. He is one of the most popular cricketers in the world.
Early life
Dhoni was born on 7 July 1981 in 
Ranchi
, 
Bihar
 (now in 
Jharkhand
) in a 
Hindu
 
Rajput
 family to Pan Singh and Devaki Devi.
[
3
]
 His parents hailed from Lwali village in 
Uttar Pradesh
 (now 
Uttarakhand
) and he was the youngest of three children.
[
4
]
[

 (now 
[
4
]
[
5
]
[
6
]
 His family spells the surname as "Dhauni".
[
7
]
 The spelling "Dhoni" emerged due to a spelling mistake in his school 
certificates and, despite repeated attempts by his family, has never 
been rectified.
[
8
]
Dhoni did his schooling at DAV Jawahar Vidya Mandir where he started playing 
football
 as a 
goal keeper
 but later moved to play cricket on the suggestion of his coach Keshav Banerjee.
[
9
]
[
10
]
 From 2001 to 2003, Dhoni worked as a 
Travelling Ticket Examiner
 (TTE) at 
Kharagpur
 under 
South Eastern Railway zone
 of 
Indian Railways
.
[
11
]
[
12
]
He played as a 
 for Commando cricket club from 1995 to 1998 and 
Central Coal Fields Limited
 (CCL) team in 1998.
[
13
]
 At CCL, he batted higher up the order and helped the team qualify to the higher division.
[
14
]
 Based on his performance at club cricket, he was picked for the 1997/98 season of 
Vinoo Mankad Trophy
 under-16 championship.
[

]
[
15
]
[
16
]
 In the 1998–99, Dhoni played for Bihar U-19 team in the 
Cooch Behar Trophy
 and scored 176 runs in 5 matches. In the 1999–2000 Cooch Behar Trophy, 
the Bihar U-19 cricket team made it to the finals, where Dhoni made 84 
in a losing cause.
[
17
]
 Dhoni's contribution in the tournament included 488 runs in nine matches with five fifties, 17 catches and seven 
stumpings
.
[
18
]
 Dhoni made it to the East Zone U-19 squad for the 
C. K. Nayudu Trophy
 in the 1999–2000 season and scored only 97 runs in four matches, as 
East Zone lost all the matches and finished last in the tournament.
[
19
]
[
20
]
Dhoni made his 
Ranji Trophy
 debut for 
Bihar
 against 
Assam
 in the 1999–2000 season, as an eighteen-year-old scoring 68 runs in the second innings.
[
21
]
 Dhoni finished the season with 283 runs in 5 matches. Dhoni scored his 
maiden first-class century while playing for Bihar against 
Bengal
 in the 
2000–01 Ranji Trophy
 season.
[
22
]
 Apart from this century, his performance in the 2000/01 season did not include another score over fifty and in the

season.
[
22
]
 Apart from this century, his performance in the 2000/01 season did not include another score over fifty and in the 
2001–02 Ranji Trophy
 season, he scored just five fifties in four Ranji matches.
[
23
]
[
24
]
 Dhoni's played for 
Jharkhand
 in the 
2002–03 Ranji Trophy
 and represented 
East Zone
 in the 
Deodhar Trophy
 where he started gaining recognition for his lower-order contribution 
as well as hard-hitting batting style. In the 2003/04 season, Dhoni 
scored a century (128*) against Assam in the first match of the 
Ranji ODI
 tournament and was part of the 
East Zone
 squad that won the 
 2003–2004 season scoring 244 runs in four matches.
[
25
]
[
26
]
In the 
Duleep Trophy
 finals, Dhoni represented East Zone and scored a fighting half-century in the second innings in a losing cause.
[
27
]
 Dhoni was identified as one of the emerging talents via the 
BCCI
's small-town talent-spotting initiative 
TRDW
.
[
28
]
[
29
]
 In 2004, Dhoni was picked for the 
India A
 squad for a tour of 
Zimbabwe
 and 
Kenya
.
[
30
]
 Against the Zimbabwe XI in

squad for a tour of 
Zimbabwe
 and 
Kenya
.
[
30
]
 Against the Zimbabwe XI in 
Harare Sports Club
, Dhoni effected seven catches and four stumpings.
[
31
]
 In the tri-nation tournament involving Kenya, India A and Pakistan A, 
Dhoni helped India A chase down their target of 223 against Pakistan A 
with a half-century and scored 362 runs in six innings at an average of 
72.40 with back to back centuries.
[
32
]
[
33
]
[
34
]
The Indian ODI team in the early 2000s saw 
Rahul Dravid
 as the wicket-keeper to ensure that the wicket-keeper spot didn't lack 
in batting talent and also tried other wicket-keeper/batsmen like 
Parthiv Patel
 and 
Dinesh Karthik
.
[
35
]
 With Dhoni performing well for the India A squad, he was picked in the ODI squad for the 
Bangladesh tour
 in December 2004.
[
36
]
 Dhoni made his debut in the first match of the series and was 
run out
 for a 
duck
.
[
37
]
 Dhoni was picked for the subsequent 
ODI series
 against 
Pakistan
.
[
38
]
 In the second match of the series in 
Visakhapatnam
,

Pakistan
.
[
38
]
,
 Dhoni playing in his fifth one-day international, scored 148 runs off 
123 deliveries which surpassed the earlier record for the highest score 
by an Indian wicket-keeper.
[
39
]
 Dhoni played in the 
Sri Lankan bilateral ODI series
 in October–November 2005 and was promoted to No. 3 in the batting order in the third ODI at 
Jaipur
 where he scored an unbeaten 183 runs off 145 balls, winning the game for India.
[
40
]
 The innings would surpass his earlier record for the highest score by an Indian wicket-keeper and was described in 
Wisden Almanack
 as 'Uninhibited, yet anything but crude'.
[
41
]
 It was also the highest individual score in ODI cricket in a run chase, a record which was broken seven years later by 
Shane Watson
.
[
42
]
[
43
]
 Dhoni ended the series with the highest aggregate of 346 runs and was awarded the 
Man of the series
.
[
44
]
Dhoni 
keeping wickets
 in a test match
Dhoni became a regular in the Indian side after the 
home series
 against 
 in November 2005.
[
45
]
 In December 2005, Dhoni was awarded a "B" grade contract by the BCCI.
[
46
]
 Dhoni made his test debut in the same month against Sri Lanka during their

[
46
]
 Dhoni made his test debut in the same month against Sri Lanka during their 
tour of India
 at 
Chennai
.
[
47
]
[
48
]
 Dhoni scored 30 runs in his debut match, that was marred by rain and ended in a draw.
[
49
]
 Dhoni made his maiden half-century in the second test leading to an Indian win.
[
50
]
 Dhoni played all the matches in the subsequent 
tour of Pakistan
 scoring 219 runs in five ODI matches and 179 runs in five tests including his maiden test century in the second test in 
Faisalabad
.
[
51
]
 He scored 106 runs across three tests in the 
 against 
England
 in March 2006 and 177 runs in five ODI series that followed.
[
51
]
[
45
]
 Dhoni dropped multiple catches and missed dismissal chances including a key stumping opportunity of 
Andrew Flintoff
 which led to criticism of his wicket-keeping.
[
52
]
In the 
DLF Cup 2006-07
, Dhoni scored 43 runs as the team lost twice in three games and did not qualify for the finals. In the 
2006 ICC Champions Trophy
, India lost to 
West Indies
 and 
Australia
, though Dhoni scored a half-century against West Indies and failed to make it to the knock out stage.
[
53
]
 In the 
ODI series
 in 

[
53
]
 In the 
ODI series
 in 
 in November 2006, Dhoni scored 139 runs in four matches in the series loss.
[
45
]
 In the test series that followed, Dhoni scored 114 runs in two tests 
including a first test victory in South Africa in the first test, but 
was ruled out of the third test with injury.
[
54
]
 Dhoni made his 
T20 international
 debut in December 2006 against South Africa at 
Johannesburg
.
[
55
]
 Dhoni was subsequently named in the 
ODI team of the year
 by the 
ICC
 for 2006.
[
56
]
India recorded identical 3–1 victory over 
 and 
Sri Lanka
 in early 2007 with Dhoni averaging in excess of 100 in both the series. Subsequently, Dhoni was part of the squad for 
2007 Cricket World Cup
 in which India unexpectedly crashed out in the group stage after losses
 to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka with Dhoni scoring ducks in both these 
matches and just 29 runs in the tournament.
[
45
]
[
57
]
 As a result, Dhoni's house in Ranchi was vandalized and damaged by activists of 
JMM
 and security was tightened for his family.
[
58
]
 Dhoni scored 91* against 
 in the first match of the ODI series in May 2007 which fetched the Man 
of the Match award while also later winning the Man of the Series after

Dhoni scored 91* against 
of the Match award while also later winning the Man of the Series after 
the third game of the series was washed away.
[
59
]
 Dhoni played for 
ACC Asia XI cricket team
 in the 
Afro-Asia Cup
, scoring 174 runs in three matches at an average of 87 including 139 off 97 balls in the third ODI.
[
60
]
Dhoni was named vice-captain of the ODI team for the 
2007 Future Cup
 against South Africa in 
Ireland
 and the subsequent 
seven-match series
 against England.
[
61
]
 Dhoni was awarded an 'A' grade contract by BCCI in June 2007.
[
62
]
 Dhoni was appointed as the captain of the Indian squad for the inaugural 
World Twenty20
 in September 2007.
[
63
]
 Dhoni led India to victory in the tournament after defeating Pakistan in the final.
[
64
]
[
65
]
 Dhoni was appointed as the captain of Indian cricket team in all formats later.
[
66
]
On 2 September 2007, Dhoni equaled 
Adam Gilchrist
's international record for the most dismissals in an innings in ODI by effecting six dismissals against England.
[
67
]
 Dhoni took his first and only wicket in international cricket on 30 September 2009 when he bowled 
Travis Dowlin
 of West Indies in the 
2009 ICC Champions Trophy
.
[

.
[
68
]
 However, he scored just three runs in the only match he batted with 
India crashing out of the series in the group stage after the match 
against Australia was washed out.
[
69
]
 Dhoni averaged more than 60 in the 
2008-09 season
.
[
70
]
 Dhoni scored two centuries during 
Sri Lanka's tour of India
 in November 2009 which India won to achieve the top ranking in ICC test ranking for the first time in its history.
[
71
]
 Dhoni had an excellent year in ODIs in 2009, scoring 1198 runs in just 
24 innings, at an average of 70.43 and topped the ICC ODI batsman 
rankings for several months.
[
72
]
 He was named as captain and wicket-keeper of the ICC ODI Team of the year.
[
73
]
Wicket-keeping kit and bat used by Dhoni during the 
 on display at the 
Blades of Glory Cricket Museum
Dhoni led the Indian squad for the 
 co-hosted by India.
[
74
]
 India won its second ever ODI world cup after defeating Sri Lanka in the 
final
 with Dhoni being named man of the match for scoring an unbeaten 91.
[
75
]
 In December 2012, Pakistan toured India for a 
bilateral series
 for the first time in five years and Dhoni top-scored in all the three

75
]
 for the first time in five years and Dhoni top-scored in all the three 
matches of the series with a century in the first ODI at Chennai.
[
76
]
 Dhoni led India to victory in the 
 and became the first and the only captain in international cricket to claim all 
ICC
 limited overs trophies. In the rain-shortened final against England, India won by five runs on 
DLS method
 though Dhoni himself was out for a duck.
[
77
]
 He was also named as captain and wicketkeeper of the 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC.
[
78
]
Dhoni batting against South Africa during the group stage match of 
After the Champions Trophy, India toured West Indies for a 
tri-nation tournament
 against the hosts and Sri Lanka.
[
79
]
 Dhoni got injured at the start of the tournament thus ruling him out 
for most of the tournament and returned to play the final where he was 
adjudged Man of the match for scoring 45 runs off 52 balls including 16 
runs in the final 
cricket
 to take India to victory by one wicket.
[
80
]
 In November 2013, Dhoni became the second India batsman after 
Sachin Tendulkar
 to aggregate more than thousand runs in ODIs against Australia.
[
81
]
 India toured 
 and 
 in the 2013–14 season. Though Dhoni scored 84 runs at an average of 48 
including one half-century against South Africa and 272 runs with three

and 
including one half-century against South Africa and 272 runs with three 
consecutive 50-plus scores against New Zealand, India lost both the 
series.
[
45
]
 Dhoni himself reached 8000 runs in ODI in the series against New Zealand.
[
82
]
 Dhoni led India in the 
2014 ICC World Twenty20
 where India finished as 
runners-up
 after losing to Sri Lanka in the final.
[
83
]
 He was named as captain and wicket-keeper of the 'Team of the Tournament' by the ICC.
[
84
]
India won the away ODI series in England in 
2014
 and 
series
 against West Indies in India where Dhoni scored 146 runs across the five innings he batted.
[
85
]
[
45
]
Dhoni played his last series during 
India's tour of Australia
 in December 2014. Following the third Test in 
Melbourne
, Dhoni announced his retirement from the format.
[
86
]
 In his last test, he effected nine dismissals (eight catches and a stumping), and in the process, went past 
Kumar Sangakkara
's record for most 
stumpings
 in international cricket and also set a record for effecting the most dismissals in a match by an 
Indian wicketkeeper
 until it was broken by 
Wriddhiman Saha
 in 2018.
[
87
]
[

 in 2018.
[
87
]
[
88
]
 In the 
Carlton Mid triangular series
 in Australia, India failed to win a single match with Dhoni himself 
managing just 70 runs from three innings at an average of 23.34.
[
89
]
During the 
2015 Cricket World Cup
, Dhoni became the first Indian captain to win all group stage matches in a world cup.
[
90
]
 In the match against 
Zimbabwe
 at 
Auckland
,
 he made 85 which was the highest score by an Indian captain in New 
Zealand. After beating Bangladesh in the quarter finals, he became the 
third overall and the first non-Australian captain to win 100 ODI 
matches.
[
91
]
 India lost to eventual champions Australia in the semi-finals with 
Dhoni having a good series, scoring 237 runs in six innings at an 
average of 59.25 and a 
strike rate
 of 102.15 and thus, became only the second Indian captain to have an 
average over 50 and strike rate over 100 in a particular season of the 
World Cup.
[
92
]
[
93
]
Dhoni led India to victory in the 
2016 Asia Cup
 where India remained unbeaten.
[
94
]
 Dhoni stepped down as captain of India in January 2017 ahead of the 
ODI series
 at home against England.
[
95
]

]
ODI series
[
95
]
 In the second game of the series, he scored 134 off 122 balls, his tenth century in ODIs and his first in over three years.
[
96
]
 He was named as a wicket-keeper of the 'Team of the Tournament' at the 
2017 ICC Champions Trophy
 in which India finished as 
.
[
97
]
[
98
]
 In August 2017, during the fifth and final ODI 
against Sri Lanka
 in 
Colombo
, he became the first wicket-keeper to effect 100 stumpings in ODIs when he stumped 
Akila Dananjaya
 off 
Yuzvendra Chahal
.
[
99
]
 He reached the milestone of effecting 400 dismissals in ODIs in February 2018, following the stumping of 
Aiden Markram
 in the third ODI of the 
South Africa tour
.
[
100
]
Though he had a relatively mediocre series scoring 79 runs in two innings at a strike rate of 63.20 during India's 
2018 tour of England
, he went past 10,000 ODI runs, becoming the fourth Indian and twelfth overall to do so.
[
101
]
[
102
]
[
103
]
 In the 
2018 Asia Cup
 title winning campaign, he scored just 77 runs in four innings at an average of 19.25.
[
104
]

In the 
[
104
]
[
105
]
 While captaining in the group stage match against 
Afghanistan
 due to regular captain 
Rohit Sharma
 being unavailable, Dhoni became the first cricketer to lead India 200 times in ODIs.
[
106
]
 Dhoni aggregated 50 runs from three innings in the 
home series against West Indies
.
[
107
]
[
108
]
 In the series, he effected the fastest stumping in the history of cricket, clocked at 0.08 seconds, when dismissing 
Keemo Paul
.
[
109
]
[
110
]
Dhoni was not selected for the T20I squad for the series that followed and the 
Australia tour
 later that season.
[
111
]
 However, he was included in the squad for the ODI series in Australia.
[
112
]
 In the three-match series, Dhoni scored half-centuries in all three 
games with the latter two resulting in wins, helping India secure a 2–1 
series victory, their first in a bilateral series on Australian soil and
 was named player of the series while also becoming the fourth Indian to
 score more than 1,000 ODI runs in Australia.
[
113
]
 In April 2019, he was named in 
India's squad
 for the 
2019 Cricket World Cup
.
[
114
]

 for the 
.
[
114
]
[
115
]
 On 9 July 2019, Dhoni played in his 350th and final ODI in the semi-final loss against 
.
[
116
]
 Dhoni announced his retirement from international cricket on 15 August 
2020 as he had not played any international cricket since India's loss 
in the 2019 world cup semi-final.
[
117
]
Dhoni played for Bihar state cricket team since 1999 before 
representing Jharkhand later. He has also played for Rajasthan Cricket 
Association President's XI, East zone and 
Rest of India
 in domestic cricket.
[
118
]
 In 
BCCI Corporate trophy
, he played for 
Air India
 until his resignation from the company in 2013.
[
119
]
 In February 2005, Dhoni played for India seniors in 
Challenger trophy
, where he scored 102 against India B.
[
120
]
 
Jharkhand State Cricket Association
 (JSCA) appointed him captain of the Jharkhand team in February 2017 for the 
2017-18 Vijay Hazare trophy
 and on 25 February 2017, he scored his first ever domestic list-A century against 
Chhattisgarh
 and led the team to the quarter final where Jharkhand lost against 
Delhi
.
[
121
]
[
122
]

[
121
]
[
122
]
T20 Cricket
Winner
2010
, 
2011
, 
2018
, 
2021
, 
2023
Runner-up
2008
, 
2012
, 
2013
, 
2015
, 
2019
Champions League
Winner
2010
, 
2014
Rising Pune Supergiants
Runner-up
2017
Dhoni with Chennai Super Kings in 2011
Dhoni was acquired by 
 (CSK) for US$1.5 million during the 
auction
 for the 
inaugural season
 of the 
 (IPL). He was the most expensive signing in the auction.
[
123
]
 Dhoni scored 414 runs to lead CSK to the finals in the first season of IPL.
[
124
]
 Under his captaincy, CSK won the 
2010 edition
 and qualified for 
Champions League Twenty20
.
[
125
]
 Chennai won the 
2010 Champions league
.
[
126
]
 Dhoni scored 392 runs and led CSK to its second consecutive IPL title in 
2011
.
[
127

126
]
2011
.
[
127
]
 Dhoni led CSK to its second Champions League Twenty20 title in 
2014
.
[
128
]
 Dhoni scored 2987 runs from 129 matches in the IPL across the first eight seasons for the Super Kings.
[
124
]
Following the two-year suspension of Chennai Super Kings and 
Rajasthan Royals
, two new franchises 
 and 
Gujarat Lions
 were established for the 
2016 Indian Premier League
 season. Supergiants picked Dhoni as one of their five 
draft
 picks on 15 December 2015 for 
₹
125 million
 (US$1.4 million).
[
129
]
 He scored 574 runs in 30 matches across two seasons for the Supergiants.
[
124
]
Dhoni 
returned
 to CSK for the 
2018 season
.
[
130
]
 He scored 455 runs and led his team to its third IPL title.
[
131
]
 Dhoni led CSK to the title again in 
2021
 and was retained for 
₹
12 crore
 (US$1.4 million) before the 
auction
 for the 2022 season.
[
132
]
 Dhoni stepped down from captaincy ahead of that season and 
Ravindra Jadeja
 was appointed the new captain.

[
132
]
[
133
]
[
134
]
 However, a month later, Jadeja handed over the captaincy back to Dhoni in the middle of the season.
[
135
]
 Dhoni led the franchise to victory again the 
following season
.
[
127
]
 Under his captaincy, CSK became the most successful IPL franchise with five title wins and ten final appearances.
[
136
]
 Dhoni became the first player to play 200 T20 matches for CSK and holds the record for most appearances in the IPL.
[
137
]
 Ahead of the 
2024 season
, Dhoni handed over captaincy to 
Ruturaj Gaikwad
.
[
138
]
 He marked his 250th appearance for CSK in this season, in a league stage match against 
Mumbai Indians
 on 14 April 2024, helping his team secure a 20-run win, following his unbeaten four-ball 20.
[
139
]
Chief of Army Staff
 
General
 
V. K. Singh
 bestowing the 
 of 
 to Dhoni
Dhoni holds an 
 of 
 in the 
 of the 
 (106 Para TA battalion).
[

of 
 in the 
 of the 
[
140
]
 The honorary rank was presented to him by the 
 in 2011 for his service to the nation as a cricketer.
[
141
]
 After completing five parachute training jumps from Indian Army aircraft in the Agra training camp, he became a 
qualified paratrooper
 in 2015.
[
142
]
 In August 2019, he completed a two-week stint with the Territorial Army in 
Jammu and Kashmir
.
[
143
]
 While spending a day with the 
parachute regiment
 in Ranchi, Dhoni said, I wanted to become a soldier not a cricketer, 
"Since childhood I wanted to join the Army. Seeing the soldiers, I 
thought that one day I'll be the same".
[
144
]
Dhoni holds the post of vice-president in 
India Cements Ltd
, the company owned by former BCCI president 
N. Srinivasan
.
[
145
]
[
146
]
 Dhoni is a co-owner of 
Chennai
-based football club 
Chennaiyin FC
, a franchise of the 
Indian Super League
.
[
147
]
 He also co-owns Ranchi-based 
hockey
 club 
Ranchi Rays
Hockey India League
.
[
148
]

hockey
 club 
.
[
148
]
 In February 2016, Dhoni launched lifestyle brand 
SEVEN
 which he co-owns while also serving as its brand ambassador.
[
149
]
 In 2019, Dhoni invested in vehicle re-seller 
CARS24
 and simultaneously became brand ambassador of the company.
[
150
]
 On 11 October 2022, Dhoni invested in Shaka Harry, a plant-based protein company.
[
151
]
[
152
]
The No.7 jersey of the 
 made popular by Dhoni
In 2019, Dhoni Entertainment entered into a long-term business agreement with 
Banijay Asia
 to produce content across various genres.
[
153
]
 The first show developed by the company was a documentary web series titled 
Roar of The Lion
 for 
Disney+ Hotstar
 in 2019 which dealt with the ban of Chennai Super Kings from the Indian
 Premier League in 2016 and their return to win the title in 2018.
[
154
]
 The production house produced a 
Tamil language
 romantic drama 
LGM
 which was released on 28 July 2023.
[
155
]
[
156
]
[
157
]
 Dhoni performed a special cameo appearance in 
Vijay
's film 
G.O.A.T
 set to be released on 5 September 2024.

Dhoni performed a special cameo appearance in 
Vijay
's film 
G.O.A.T
[
158
]
Dhoni is one of the most popular cricketers in the world.
[
159
]
 He serves as a brand ambassador and endorses more than 35 brands across various segments.
[
160
]
 As of 2022
[update]
, Dhoni has more than 75 million followers on social media platforms and his brand value was projected to be $80.3 million by 
Duff and Phelps
.
[
161
]
 Dhoni's popularity is often compared to Sachin Tendulkar, the highest run scorer in international cricket.
[
162
]
[
163
]
 The No.7 jersey was made popular by Dhoni and was retired by the BCCI in 2023 as a honour to him.
[
164
]
 Dhoni has developed a special connection with the city of 
Chennai
 whose IPL franchise he represents and the fans often call him 'Thala' meaning leader in Tamil.
[
165
]
[
166
]
Dhoni in 2008
Dhoni is a right-handed 
batsman
 and 
.
[
118
]
 Dhoni is an unorthodox batsman who deviates from conventional coaching manuals to showcase his batting technique.
[
167
]
 Dhoni displays a proclivity for hitting 
full-length

[
167
]
 deliveries towards the 
Long-on
, 
Long-off
, and 
Midwicket regions
, rather than the conventional Cover region.
[
167
]
 He plays 
pull shots
 and hook shots off 
short-pitched
 deliveries often putting pressure on the bowler to adjust their line 
and length accordingly. Dhoni holds the bat with a firm grip at the 
bottom of the handle, striking the ball with force and precision to 
clear the boundary.
[
168
]
 He is a powerful hitter of the ball and is one of the fastest men in running between the wickets.
[
169
]
 He plays the 
helicopter shot
 technique, taught to him by a fellow player and childhood friend 
Santosh Lal
.
[
170
]
[
171
]
[
172
]
 As a batsman, he is recognized for his finishing skills in high-pressure situations.
[
173
]
As a wicket-keeper, he has been praised for his fast reflexes behind the 
stumps
 while also being criticized for the lack of good technique.
[
174
]
[
175
]
 He is known for his unorthodox captaincy, approachability and has earned a reputation of being a successful leader.
[
176
]
[
177
]

[
176
]
[
177
]
 Dhoni is also known for his cool-headed demeanor on the field which has earned him the monicker "Captain cool".
[
178
]
Dhoni married Sakshi Singh Rawat on 4 July 2010 in 
Dehradun
.
[
179
]
[
180
]
 Dhoni and his wife have a daughter, Ziva Dhoni who was born on 6 February 2015.
[
181
]
[
182
]
 He lives in his farmhouse outside Ranchi.
[
183
]
 Dhoni is an automotive enthusiast and owns a number of bikes and cars in his collection.
[
184
]
Dhoni has scored 4876 runs in Test matches at an average of 38 and 
10773 runs at an average of above 50 in ODIs. He has scored 16 centuries
 and 106 fifties in his international career.
[
118
]
 Dhoni has one of the highest averages in ODI cricket.
[
185
]
 Dhoni has scored more than 3200 runs across 377 T20 matches.
[
118
]
 Dhoni has taken 634 catches and effected 195 stumpings in his 
international career making him one of the most prolific wicket-keepers 
of all time.
[
186
]
Dhoni's ODI record
[
187
]
[
188
]
 
Mat

[
187
]
[
188
]
 
Mat
Runs
Best
Bat Avg.
SR
100s
50s
4s
6s
Catches
Stumpings
Home
127
4351
183
*
53.71
91.60
7
25
350
116
99
48
Away
145
4520
101
*
50.78
83.98
1
37
324
73
126
46
Neutral
78
1902
139
*
44.23
87.60
2
11
152
40
96
29
Total
350
10773
183
*
50.57
87.56
10
78
826
229
321
123
Captaincy
In 2007, Dhoni was appointed captain of the 
captain of the Indian team
 and served as the captain of all formats from 2008. He captained the 
Indian team in 332 matches including 200 ODIs and was one of the most 
prolific and successful captains of all time.
[
189
]
[
190
]
[
191
]

[
189
]
[
190
]
[
191
]
Dhoni captaincy record
[
189
]
[
190
]
[
191
]
Type
Matches
Won
Lost
Drawn
Tied
No result
Test
60
27
18
15
–
–
ODI
200
110
74
–
5
11
T20I
72
41
28
–
1
2
Tests
Most runs by an Indian wicket-keeper (4876)
[
192
]
[
193
]
Most number of sixes by an Indian captain (78)
[
194
]
Most dismissals by an Indian and fifth most by any wicket-keeper (294)
[
195
]
ODIs
Most wins by an Indian captain and second most overall (110)
[
196
]
Second most runs as captain (6641)
[
197
]
Third most number of matches as captain (200)
[
189
]
First player to pass 10,000 runs with an average of over 50
[
198
]
Most not-outs (84)
[

[
198
]
[
199
]
Highest score by a wicket-keeper (183
*
)
[
200
]
Highest eighth wicket partnership for India (100
*
 with 
Bhuvneshwar Kumar
)
[
201
]
Most dismissals in an innings (6) and career (432) by an Indian wicket-keeper
[
202
]
Most stumpings by any wicket-keeper (123)
[
203
]
[
204
]
T20Is
Second most matches as captain (72)
[
190
]
Most T20I innings (76) and runs (1,153) before scoring a fifty
[
205
]
[
206
]
[
207
]
Most stumpings as wicket-keeper (34)
[
208
]
Most catches as wicket keeper in a T20I innings (5)
[
209
]
Combined
Most international matches as captain (332)
[
210
]
Most stumpings (195) and only wicket-keeper to make 150 stumpings
[
211
]
[
212
]
Third most dismissals as a wicket-keeper (829)
[
186
]

]
[
212
]
[
186
]
Sixth most sixes in career (359)
[
213
]
Honors
India
T20 World Cup
: 
2007
[
214
]
Asia Cup
: 
2010
,
[
215
]
 
2016
[
216
]
 
2018
[
217
]
Cricket World Cup
: 
2011
[
218
]
[
75
]
: 
2013
[
219
]
[
220
]
: 
2010
,
[
221
]
 
2011
,
[
222
]
 
2018
,
[
223
]
 
2021
,
[
224
]
 
2023
[
225
]
: 
2010
,
[
226
]
 
2014
[
227

: 
2010
,
[
226
]
 
2014
[
227
]
Dhoni receiving the 
 award from then 
President of India
 
Ram Nath Kovind
 in April 2018
[
228
]
MTV Youth Icon of the Year
: 2006
[
229
]
[
230
]
ICC Men's ODI Team of the Year
: 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 (captain in 2009, 2011–2014)
[
231
]
[
232
]
Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna award
: 2008
[
233
]
ICC ODI Player of the Year
: 2008, 2009
[
234
]
[
235
]
Padma Shri
: 2009
[
236
]
Honorary 
Lieutenant Colonel
, 
 of the 
: 2011
[
141
]
CNN-News18 Indian of the Year
: 2011
[
237
]
Castrol Indian Cricketer of the Year
: 2011
[
238
]
[
239
]
ICC People's Choice Award
: 2013
[

[
238
]
[
239
]
: 2013
[
240
]
: 2018
[
241
]
ICC Men's ODI team of the decade
: 2011–2020 (captain and wicket-keeper)
[
242
]
ICC Men's T20I team of the decade
[
242
]
ICC Spirit of the cricket award of the decade
: 2011–2020
[
243
]
[
244
]
Others
Dhoni was awarded an honorary doctorate by 
De Montfort University
 in 2011.
[
245
]
[
246
]
 In 2019, Jharkhand Cricket Association named the 
JSCA stadium
's south stand after Dhoni.
[
247
]
 In 2023, the 
Mumbai Cricket Association
 (MCA) decided to honour him by dedicating seats (J282–J286) at the 
Wankhede Stadium
 where he hit the winning shot in 
2011 World Cup final
.
[
248
]
A film based on Dhoni's life from his childhood to the 2011 world cup win, titled 
M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story
, with 
Sushant Singh Rajput
 in the lead role was released on 29 September 2016.
[

, with 
[
249
]
The Dhoni Touch: unraveling the enigma that is Mahendra Singh Dhoni
, a book by Bharat Sundaresan.
[
250
]
Dhoni
 (2012), a Tamil feature film, directed and produced by 
Prakash Raj
 where the plot illustrates the conflicting interests of a father and his son with the father wanting his son to study 
MBA
 but his son wanting to become a cricketer like Dhoni.
[
251
]
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. Sportskeeda. 
Archived
 from the original on 26 December 2022
. Retrieved 
26 December
 2022
.
^
 
"MS Dhoni birthday: What are some of the nicknames of Mahendra Singh Dhoni?"
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Archived
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1 December
 2023
.
^
 
"Interview – M. S. Dhoni"
. 
Sportstar by 
The Hindu
. 29 April 2006. 
Archived
 from the original on 7 February 2023
30 April
 2023
.
^
 
Sandhu, Veenu (30 April 2011). 
"A village in Kumaon"
. Business Standard India. 
Archived

^
 
Archived
 from the original on 11 July 2022
11 July
 2022
.
^
 
"MS Dhoni's mother and father test positive for Covid-19, admitted to private hospital in Ranchi"
. 
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. 21 April 2021. 
Archived
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17 October
 2021
.
^
 
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^
 
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. 
The Times of India
. 
Archived
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 2021
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. 
Business Standard
. 20 January 2013. 
Archived
21 May
 2024
.
^
 
"Win us the World Cup Mahi: Dhoni's school coach"

21 May
 2024
.
^
 
. 
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. 16 December 2010. 
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 2022
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^
 
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Archived
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Archived
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.
^
 
"Fortune changed, not the man"
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 2019
.
^
 
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Archived
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^
 
"The decade of Mahendra Singh Dhoni"
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Archived
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^
 
"Yuvraj Singh's 358-run knock in MS Dhoni biopic actually happened"
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"Statistics: Bihar Squad U-19 Cooch Behar Trophy Averages"
. ESPNcricinfo. 
Archived
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^
 
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^
 
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^
 
"Scorecard: Assam v/s Bihar 1999/2000 Ranji Trophy Season"

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.
^
 
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^
 
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^
 
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^
 
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.
^
 
"Results. Deodhar Trophy, 2003/04"
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.
^
 
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. 
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. 
Archived
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.
^
 
"Scorecard: Duleep Trophy Final 2003/2004 Season"

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.
^
 
Archived
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Dinakar, S. (9 June 2015). 
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. 
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. 
ISSN
 
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. 
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^
 
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. 
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 on 4 March 2016
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^
 
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^
 
Archived
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.
^
 
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^
 
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Archived
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Archived
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^ 
Jump up to: 
a
 
b
 
c
 
d
 
e
 
f
 
"Dhoni ODI batting by innings"
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^
 
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b
 
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.
^
 
"most innings to score maiden fifty in T20Is"
. sportskeeda. 2 February 2017. 
Archived
 from the original on 7 July 2018
3 May
 2017
.
^
 
"first player to score 1000 T20I runs without a career fifty"
. cricket country. February 2017. 
Archived
 from the original on 2 March 2019
3 May
 2017
.
^
 
"India v England 3rd T20I highlights"
. cricket country. 2 February 2017. 
Archived
 from the original on 12 October 2019
3 May
 2017
.
^

Archived
3 May
 2017
.
^
 
"Records/Twenty20 Internationals/Wicketkeeping records/Most dismissals in career"
Archived
 from the original on 25 April 2019
3 May
 2017
.
^
 
"Records/Twenty20 Internationals/Wicketkeeping records/Most catches in an innings"
Archived
 from the original on 8 July 2018
3 May
 2017
.
^
 
"Records/Combined Test, ODI and T20I records/Individual records (captains, players, umpires)/Most matches as captain"
Archived
 from the original on 26 January 2020
3 May
 2017
.
^
 
"MS Dhoni becomes first ever wicket-keeper to affect 150 stumpings"
. Zee News. 23 October 2016. 
Archived
2 February
 2017
.
^
 
"Records/Combined Test, ODI and T20I records /Wicketkeeping records/Most stumpings in career"
Archived
 from the original on 28 April 2019
3 May
 2017
.
^
 
"Most sixes in career"
Archived
3 May

Archived
3 May
 2023
.
^
 
"2007 ICC World T20 Final"
Archived
 from the original on 30 May 2023
16 June
 2023
.
^
 
"Final, Asia cup 2010"
Archived
1 June
 2023
.
^
 
"Final, Asia cup 2016"
Archived
 from the original on 29 March 2023
1 June
 2023
.
^
 
"Final, Asia cup 2018"
Archived
 from the original on 5 July 2023
1 June
 2023
.
^
 
"2011 Cricket World Cup"
Archived
 from the original on 4 October 2022
16 June
 2023
.
^
 
"2013 ICC Champions Trophy"
Archived
 from the original on 7 September 2022
16 June
 2023
.
^
 
"2013 ICC Champions Trophy Final"

16 June
 2023
.
^
 
Archived
 from the original on 28 May 2023
1 June
 2023
.
^
 
"Indian Premier League Final, 2010"
Archived
 from the original on 1 December 2023
1 December
 2023
.
^
 
"Indian Premier League Final, 2011"
Archived
1 December
 2023
.
^
 
"Indian Premier League Final, 2018"
Archived
1 December
 2023
.
^
 
"Indian Premier League Final, 2021"
Archived
 from the original on 3 January 2024
1 December
 2023
.
^
 
"Indian Premier League Final, 2023"
Archived
1 December
 2023
.
^
 
"Final, Johannesburg, September 26, 2010, Champions League Twenty20"
Archived
 from the original on 23 May 2022

Archived
16 June
 2022
.
^
 
"Final, 2014, Champions League Twenty20"
Archived
 from the original on 24 January 2022
16 June
 2022
.
^
 
"MS Dhoni's Padma Bhushan Award remind stars of 2011 Cricket World Cup win"
. 3 April 2018. 
Archived
 from the original on 17 October 2021
17 October
 2021
.
^
 
"Dhoni voted MTV youth icon 2006"
. News18. 23 June 2006. 
Archived
7 February
 2019
.
^
 
"Dhoni now India's most successful keeper"
. 
NDTV
. 6 November 2011. 
Archived
 from the original on 5 May 2022
5 May
 2022
. 
For
 his swashbuckling style, composed demeanor and subdued flamboyance, 
Dhoni was chosen as MTV's Youth Icon of the year in 2006, within 2 years
 of his international debut.
^
 
"Dhoni named captain of ICC' 'ODI Team of the Year'
"
. 
The Hindu
. PTI. 5 November 2014. 
ISSN

"
. 
The Hindu
ISSN
 
0971-751X
. 
Archived
 from the original on 27 October 2021
27 October
 2021
.
^
 
"Dhoni named captain of ICC ODI team"
. 
The Hindu
. 3 December 2013. 
ISSN
 
0971-751X
. 
Archived
27 October
 2021
.
^
 
"Dhoni to be awarded Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna"
. 
NDTV
. 8 August 2008. 
Archived
5 May
 2022
.
^
 
"Dhoni wins ICC ODI Player of the Year award"
. India Today. 10 September 2008. 
Archived
27 October
 2021
.
^
 
"Indian cricketers dominate 2009 ICC awards list"
. Indian Express. 2 September 2009.
^
 
"Dhoni receives Padma award"
. 
The Hindu
. PTI. 22 December 2009. 
ISSN
 
0971-751X
. 
Archived
27 October
 2021
.
^

. 
Archived
27 October
 2021
.
^
 
"CNN-IBN host prestigious CNN-IBN Indian of the Year Award 2011"
. IndiaInfoline. 29 November 2011. Archived from 
 on 3 July 2021.
^
 
"MS Dhoni, Unmukt Chand bag top honours at Cricket Awards"
. NDTV. 30 August 2012. 
Archived
5 May
 2022
.
^
 
"Dhoni conferred with Castrol Cricketer of 2011"
. 
BusinessLine
. 16 November 2017. 
Archived
27 October
 2021
.
^
 
"Mahendra Singh Dhoni wins 2013 LG People's Choice Award"
. 
. 4 December 2013
1 December
 2023
.
^
 
Rao, Santosh (3 April 2018). 
"MS Dhoni Receives Padma Bhushan Award From President Ram Nath Kovind, Twitter Loves It"
. NDTV. 
Archived
5 May
 2022
.
^ 
Jump up to: 
a
 
b
 
"ICC Team of the Decade: MS Dhoni named captain for both T20I and ODI, Virat Kohli Test captain"
. 

b
 
. 
. 29 December 2020. 
Archived
 from the original on 17 January 2021
28 December
 2020
.
^
 
Kumar, Saurabh (28 December 2020). 
"MS Dhoni wins ICC Spirit of Cricket Award of the Decade"
. 
. 
Archived
 from the original on 3 February 2021
 2020
.
^
 
Singh, Ajay Pal (28 December 2020). 
"MS Dhoni Wins ICC Spirit Of Cricket Award Of The Decade, Rohit Sharma Reacts"
. 
NDTV
. 
Archived
5 May
 2022
.
^
 
"UK University to confer Doctorate on Dhoni"
. 
NDTV
. 25 August 2011. 
Archived
5 May
 2022
.
^
 
"Dhoni gets doctorate"
. 
The Hindu
. 29 August 2011. 
ISSN
 
0971-751X
. 
Archived
15 September
 2020
.
^
 
Sadhu, Rahul (7 March 2019).

 2020
.
^
 
Sadhu, Rahul (7 March 2019). 
"MS Dhoni declines invitation to inaugurate the 'Dhoni Pavilion' at JSCA Stadium in Ranchi"
. 
. 
Archived
19 October
 2021
.
^
 
"Wankhede to have memorial for MS Dhoni's World Cup-winning six"
. 
Crickdom.news
. 5 April 2023. 
Archived
 from the original on 10 April 2023
10 April
 2023
.
^
 
"MS Dhoni: The Untold Story Plot Summary"
. 
. 19 October 2016. 
Archived
2 December
 2020
.
^
 
Kapoor, Aarohy (31 January 2020). 
"Popular biographies & autobiographies of Indian cricketers"
. 
. 
Archived
27 January
 2022
.
^
 
"Prakash Raj on Dhoni"
. 
. 17 January 2012. 
Archived
18 August
 2023
.
MS Dhoni
 at

from the original on 26 December 2023
18 August
 2023
.
MS Dhoni
 at 
 
MS Dhoni
 at 
Wisden India
 
MS Dhoni
 at 
 
show
Sporting positions
Preceded by
Anil Kumble
 
Indian Test Captain
 
2008–2014
Succeeded by
Virat Kohli
 
Indian ODI captain
 
2007–2016
Virender Sehwag
 
Indian T20I Captain
 
2007–2016
Portals
:
 
Biography
 
Cricket
 
India
MS Dhoni
 at Wikipedia's 
sister projects
:
Media
 from Commons
Quotations
 from Wikiquote
Data
 from Wikidata
show
Navigation boxes related to MS Dhoni
show
Awards and Achievements
show
v
t
e
 winning 
captains
1975
:
 
Lloyd
1979
:
 
Lloyd
1983
:

Lloyd
1979
:
 
Lloyd
1983
:
 
Dev
1987
:
 
Border
1992
:
 
Khan
1996
:
 
Ranatunga
1999
:
 
Waugh
2003
:
 
Ponting
2007
:
 
Ponting
2011
:
 
Dhoni
2015
:
 
Clarke
2019
:
 
Morgan
2023
:
 
Cummins
show
v
t
e
 winning 
captains
1998
:
 
Cronje
2000
:
 
Fleming
2002
:
 
Jayasuriya
 & 
 
Ganguly
2004
:
 
Lara
2006
:
 
Ponting
2009
:
 
Ponting
2013
:
 
Dhoni

2009
:
 
Ponting
2013
:
 
Dhoni
2017
:
 
Ahmed
show
v
t
e
Men's T20 World Cup
 – winning captains
2007
: 
Dhoni
 
2009
: 
Khan
2010
: 
Collingwood
2012
: 
Sammy
2014
: 
Chandimal
 & 
Malinga
2016
: 
Sammy
2021
: 
Finch
2022
: 
Buttler
2024
: 
Sharma
show
v
t
e
Asia Cup
 winning 
captains
1984
:
 
Gavaskar
1986
:
 
Mendis
1986
:
 
Vengsarkar
1990-91
:
 
Azharuddin
1995
:
 
1997
:
 
Ranatunga
2000
:
 
Khan
2004
:
 
Atapattu
2008
:

Khan
2004
:
 
Atapattu
2008
:
 
Jayawardene
2010
:
 
Dhoni
2012
:
 
ul-Haq
2014
:
 
Mathews
2016
:
 
Dhoni
2018
:
 
Sharma
2022
:
 
Shanaka
2023
:
 
Sharma
show
v
t
e
 
winning
 
captains
2008
: 
 
Warne
 (
RR
)
2009
: 
 
Gilchrist
 (
DEC
)
2010
: 
 
Dhoni
 (
CSK
)
2011
: 
 
Dhoni
 (
CSK
)
2012
: 
 
Gambhir
 (
KKR
)
2013
: 
 
Sharma
 (
MI
)
2014
: 
 
Gambhir

: 
 
Sharma
 (
MI
)
2014
: 
 
Gambhir
 (
KKR
)
2015
: 
 
Sharma
 (
MI
)
2016
: 
 
Warner
 (
SRH
)
2017
: 
 
Sharma
 (
MI
)
2018
: 
 
Dhoni
 (
CSK
)
2019
: 
 
Sharma
 (
MI
)
2020
: 
 
Sharma
 (
MI
)
2021
: 
 
Dhoni
 (
CSK
)
2022
: 
 
Pandya
 (
GT
)
2023
: 
 
Dhoni
 (
CSK
)
2024
: 
 
Iyer
 (
KKR
)
show
v
t
e
 
final
 
Man of the Match
1975
:
 
Lloyd
1979
:
 
Richards

1975
:
 
Lloyd
1979
:
 
Richards
1983
:
 
Amarnath
1987
:
 
Boon
1992
:
 
Akram
1996
:
 
de Silva
1999
:
 
Warne
2003
:
 
Ponting
2007
:
 
Gilchrist
2011
:
 
Dhoni
2015
:
 
Faulkner
2019
:
 
Stokes
2023
:
 
Head
show
v
t
e
 Team of the Tournament
 
Shikhar Dhawan
 
Jonathan Trott
 
Misbah-ul-Haq
 
MS Dhoni
 
(
c
 & wk)
 
Ryan McLaren
 
James Anderson
 
Mitchell McClenaghan
 
Joe Root

Joe Root
 
(
12th man
)
Geoff Allardice
, 
Javagal Srinath
, 
Aleem Dar
, 
Scyld Berry
 and Stephen Brenkley were the Panel of selectors for the Team.
 was adjudged as the 
Player of the Tournament
.
show
v
t
e
Recipients of 
Padma Shri
 in Sports
1950s
Balbir Singh Sr.
 (1957)
K. D. Singh
 (1958)
Mihir Sen
 (1959)
Milkha Singh
 (1959)
1960s
Vijay Hazare
 (1960)
Jasu Patel
 (1960)
Arati Saha
 (1960)
Nari Contractor
 (1962)
Sonam Gyatso
 (1962)
Ramanathan Krishnan
 (1962)
Gostha Pal
 (1962)
Polly Umrigar
 (1962)
Syed Mushtaq Ali
 (1963)
M. J. Gopalan
 (1964)
Nawang Gombu
 (1964)
Charanjit Singh
 (1964)
H. P. S. Ahluwalia
 (1965)
Avtar Singh Cheema
 (1965)
D. B. Deodhar
 (1965)

(1965)
 (1965)
 (1965)
Phu Dorjee
 (1965)
Wilson Jones
 (1965)
Verghese Kurien
 (1965)
Harish Chandra Singh Rawat
 (1965)
Chandra Prakash Vohra
 (1965)
Sonam Wangyal
 (1965)
Kishan Lal
 (1966)
Narendra Kumar
 (1965)
Shankar Lakshman
 (1967)
Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi
 (1967)
Gurdial Singh
 (1967)
Prithipal Singh
 (1967)
Chandu Borde
 (1969)
1970s
Bishan Singh Bedi
 (1970)
Moin-ul-Haq
 (1970)
E. A. S. Prasanna
 (1970)
Leslie Claudius
 (1971)
Sailen Manna
 (1971)
Ghaus Mohammad
 (1971)
Chandgi Ram
 (1971)
Kamaljeet Sandhu
 (1971)
Gundappa Viswanath
 (1971)
Harsh Vardhan Bahuguna
 (1972)
B. S. Chandrasekhar
 (1972)
Ajit Wadekar
 (1972)
Farokh Engineer
 (1973)
Pankaj Roy
 (1975)
Roshan Lal Anand
 (1976)
Meena Shah
 (1977)
1980s

Pankaj Roy
 (1975)
 (1976)
Meena Shah
 (1977)
1980s
Vasudevan Baskaran
 (1981)
Syed Kirmani
 (1982)
Kapil Dev
 (1982)
Prakash Padukone
 (1982)
Vijay Amritraj
 (1983)
Bahadur Singh Chauhan
 (1983)
Guru Hanuman
 (1983)
Eliza Nelson
 (1983)
Chand Ram
 (1983)
Kaur Singh
 (1983)
Raghubir Singh
 (1983)
Satpal Singh
 (1983)
M. D. Valsamma
 (1983)
Geeta Zutshi
 (1983)
Charles Borromeo
 (1984)
Phu Dorjee
 (1984)
Chuni Goswami
 (1984)
D. K. Khullar
 (1984)
Bachendri Pal
 (1984)
Omprakesh Agrawal
 (1985)
P. T. Usha
 (1985)
Anupama Gokhale
 (1986)
Swaroop Kishen
 (1986)
Geet Sethi
 (1986)
Mohammad Shahid
 (1986)
Bhagyashree Thipsay
 (1987)
Dilip Vengsarkar
 (1987)
Viswanathan Anand
 (1988)
Mohammad Azharuddin
 (1988)
1990s

 (1987)
 (1988)
 (1988)
1990s
Chandraprabha Aitwal
 (1990)
P. K. Banerjee
 (1990)
Premchand Degra
 (1990)
Gulshan Rai
 (1990)
Jaman Lal Sharma
 (1990)
Taranath Narayan Shenoy
 (1990)
Selma D'Silva
 (1991)
Aspy Adajania
 (1992)
Ajit Pal Singh
 (1992)
Sriram Singh
 (1992)
Hakam Singh
 (1992)
Shiny Abraham
 (1998)
Ramesh Krishnan
 (1998)
Lila Ram
 (1998)
Pargat Singh
 (1998)
Karnam Malleswari
 (1999)
 (1999)
2000s
Santosh Yadav
 (2000)
Mahesh Bhupathi
 (2001)
Malathi Krishnamurthy Holla
 (2001)
Bhuvneshwari Kumari
 (2001)
Leander Paes
 (2001)
Dhanraj Pillay
 (2001)
Sunita Rani
 (2001)
Diana Edulji
 (2002)
Jaspal Rana
 (2002)
Mukesh Kumar
 (2003)
Gopal Purushottam Phadke
 (2003)
Kanhaya Lal Pokhriyal
 (2003)

 (2003)
 (2003)
 (2003)
Jyotirmoyee Sikdar
 (2003)
Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan
 (2003)
K. M. Beenamol
 (2004)
Gurmayum Anita Devi
 (2004)
 (2004)
Sourav Ganguly
 (2004)
Anju Bobby George
 (2004)
S. P. Nimbalkar
 (2004)
Dilip Tirkey
 (2004)
Pullela Gopichand
 (2005)
 (2005)
Gurbachan Singh Randhawa
 (2005)
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
 (2005)
Rachel Thomas
 (2005)
Madhumita Bisht
 (2006)
Mohan Singh Gunjyal
 (2006)
Mary Kom
 (2006)
Sania Mirza
 (2006)
Bahadur Singh Sagoo
 (2006)
Koneru Humpy
 (2007)
Jeev Milkha Singh
 (2007)
Bhaichung Bhutia
 (2008)
Bula Choudhury
 (2008)
Pankaj Advani
 (2009)
MS Dhoni
 (2009)
Balbir Singh Kullar
 (2009)
Harbhajan Singh
 (2009)
2010s
Ramakant Achrekar

 (2009)
 (2009)
2010s
 (2010)
Narain Karthikeyan
 (2010)
Saina Nehwal
 (2010)
 (2010)
Vijender Singh
 (2010)
Ignace Tirkey
 (2010)
Kunjarani Devi
 (2011)
Sushil Kumar
 (2011)
VVS Laxman
 (2011)
Shital Mahajan
 (2011)
Gagan Narang
 (2011)
Krishna Poonia
 (2011)
Harbhajan Singh (mountaineer)
 (2011)
S. M. Arif
 (2012)
Ravi Chaturvedi
 (2012)
Jhulan Goswami
 (2012)
Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)
 (2012)
Devendra Jhajharia
 (2012)
Limba Ram
 (2012)
Prabhakar Vaidya
 (2012)
Premlata Agrawal
 (2013)
Yogeshwar Dutt
 (2013)
Vijay Kumar
 (2013)
Girisha Nagarajegowda
 (2013)
Dingko Singh
 (2013)
Bajrang Lal Takhar
 (2013)
Anjum Chopra
 (2014)
Sunil Dabas
 (2014)
Love Raj Singh Dharmshaktu
 (2014)

 (2014)
 (2014)
 (2014)
Dipika Pallikal
 (2014)
H. Boniface Prabhu
 (2014)
Yuvraj Singh
 (2014)
Mamta Sodha
 (2014)
Saba Anjum Karim
 (2015)
Mithali Raj
 (2015)
P. V. Sindhu
 (2015)
Sardara Singh
 (2015)
Arunima Sinha
 (2015)
Sushil Doshi
 (2016)
Deepika Kumari
 (2016)
Vikas Gowda
 (2017)
Dipa Karmakar
 (2017)
 (2017)
Deepa Malik
 (2017)
Sakshi Malik
 (2017)
Shekhar Naik
 (2017)
P. R. Sreejesh
 (2017)
Mariyappan Thangavelu
 (2017)
Saikhom Mirabai Chanu
 (2018)
Somdev Devvarman
 (2018)
Murlikant Petkar
 (2018)
Srikanth Kidambi
 (2018)
Sunil Chhetri
 (2019)
Harika Dronavalli
 (2019)
Gautam Gambhir
 (2019)
Sharath Kamal
 (2019)
Bombayla Devi Laishram
 (2019)
Bajrang Punia

(2019)
 (2019)
 (2019)
 (2019)
Prashanti Singh
 (2019)
Ajay Thakur
 (2019)
2020s
Oinam Bembem Devi
 (2020)
M. P. Ganesh
 (2020)
Zaheer Khan
 (2020)
Jitu Rai
 (2020)
Tarundeep Rai
 (2020)
Rani Rampal
 (2020)
Anitha Pauldurai
 (2021)
Anshu Jamsenpa
 (2021)
Mouma Das
 (2021)
Sudha Singh
 (2021)
Virender Singh
 (2021)
K. Y. Venkatesh
 (2021)
Sumit Antil
 (2022)
Pramod Bhagat
 (2022)
Neeraj Chopra
 (2022)
Sankaranarayana Menon
 (2022)
Faisal Ali Dar
 (2022)
Vandana Katariya
 (2022)
Avani Lekhara
 (2022)
Brahmanand Sankhwalkar
 (2022)
S. R. D. Prasad (2023)
K. Shanathoiba Sharma (2023)
Gurcharan Singh
 (2023)
Joshna Chinappa
 (2024)
Rohan Bopanna
 (2024)
Purnima Mahato
 (2024)

 (2024)
 (2024)
 (2024)
Harbinder Singh
 (2024)
Satendra Singh Lohiya
 (2024)
Gaurav Khanna
 (2024)
Uday Vishwanath Deshpande
 (2024)
show
v
t
e
 award recipients (2010–2019)
2010
Satya Paul Agarwal
Mohammad Amin
Sailesh Kumar Bandopadhyay
M. S. Banga
Anil Bordia
Bipan Chandra
B. K. Chaturvedi
Sant Singh Chatwal
G. P. Chopra
Tan Chung
Madhusudan Dhaky
P. R. Dubhashi
Puttaraj Gawai
Belle Monappa Hegde
Ilaiyaraaja
Jagdish Chandra Kapur
Shrinivas Khale
Aamir Khan
Sultan Khan
Ram Kumar
Kumudini Lakhia
Kuzhur Narayana Marar
Chhannulal Mishra
Eledath Thaikkattu Narayanan Mooss
C. P. Krishnan Nair
S. P. Oswal
Akbar Padamsee
Ramakanta Panda
Balasaheb Vikhe Patil
Arogyaswami Paulraj
A. R. Rahman
Moosa Raza
Mallika Sarabhai
Nookala Chinna Satyanarayana
Abhijit Sen
Satya Vrat Shastri

Moosa Raza
Noshir M. Shroff
Kushal Pal Singh
Bikash Sinha
Balagangadharanatha Swamiji
Narayanan Vaghul
P. K. Warrier
Fareed Zakaria
2011
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
Rajashree Birla
M. N. Buch
C. V. Chandrasekhar
Ajai Chowdhry
Yogesh Chander Deveshwar
Satyadev Dubey
T. J. S. George
Shankha Ghosh
Kris Gopalakrishnan
Keki Byramjee Grant
Shashi Kapoor
Krishen Khanna
Khayyam
Chanda Kochhar
Dwijen Mukhopadhyay
Madavoor Vasudevan Nair
Ramdas Pai
Dashrath Patel
Rajendra Singh Pawar
Suryanarayanan Ramachandran
Shobhana Ranade
Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy
Kallam Anji Reddy
Waheeda Rehman
Shyam Saran
Analjit Singh
Arpita Singh
Surendra Singh
R. K. Srikantan
Raghavan Thirumulpad
2012
Suresh H. Advani
Shabana Azmi
Homi K. Bhabha
Shashikumar Chitre
Khaled Choudhury
Jatin Das
Vidya Dehejia
Dharmendra
S. N. Goenka

Jatin Das
M. S. Gopalakrishnan
T. V. Gopalakrishnan
Buddhadev Das Gupta
Sunil Janah
Anish Kapoor
S. B. Mujumdar
B. Muthuraman
Mira Nair
Arvind Panagariya
José Pereira
Mata Prasad
M. S. Raghunathan
P. Chandrasekhara Rao
Ronen Sen
Devi Shetty
M. V. Subbiah
N. Vittal
N. H. Wadia
George Yeo
2013
Satya N. Atluri
Maharaj Kishan Bhan
Jaspal Bhatti
Adi Godrej
Abdul Rashid Khan
Rajesh Khanna
Mary Kom
Nandkishore Shamrao Laud
Mangesh Padgaonkar
Hemendra Singh Panwar
Jogesh Pati
Shivajirao Girdhar Patil
A. Sivathanu Pillai
D. Ramanaidu
Kanak Rele
V. K. Saraswat
Ashoke Sen
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
B. N. Suresh
Sharmila Tagore
Ramamurthy Thyagarajan
Saroja Vaidyanathan
2014
Anisuzzaman
Mrityunjay Athreya
Padmanabhan Balaram
Dalveer Bhandari
Ruskin Bond
Anita Desai

Kamal Haasan
Jyeshtharaj Joshi
V. N. Kaul
Neelam Kler
M. Mahadevappa
Koppillil Radhakrishnan
Anumolu Ramakrishna
Thirumalachari Ramasami
Lloyd Rudolph
Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
Vinod Prakash Sharma
Gulam Mohammed Sheikh
Parween Sultana
Dhirubhai Thaker
Vairamuthu
J. S. Verma
T. H. Vinayakram
2015
Jahnu Barua
Manjul Bhargava
Vijay P. Bhatkar
Swapan Dasgupta
David Frawley
Bill Gates
Melinda French Gates
Swami Satyamitranand
N. Gopalaswami
Subhash C. Kashyap
Gokulotsavji Maharaj
Saichiro Misumi
Ambrish Mithal
Sudha Ragunathan
Harish Salve
Ashok Seth
Rajat Sharma
Shivakumara Swami
Khadg Singh Valdiya
2016
Ravindra Chandra Bhargava
Robert D. Blackwill
Hafeez Contractor
Indu Jain
Heisnam Kanhailal
Anupam Kher
Pallonji Mistry
Udit Narayan
Yarlagadda Lakshmi Prasad
Vinod Rai

Vinod Rai
N. S. Ramanuja Tatacharya
A. V. Rama Rao
D. Nageshwara Reddy
Dayananda Saraswati
Barjinder Singh Hamdard
Ram V. Sutar
Tejomayananda
2017
Vishwa Mohan Bhatt
Deviprasad Dwivedi
Ratnasundarsuri
Niranjanananda Saraswati
Cho Ramaswamy
Maha Chakri Sirindhorn
Tehemton Erach Udwadia
2018
Philipose Mar Chrysostom
Alexander Kadakin
Ramachandran Nagaswamy
Laxman Pai
Arvind Parikh
Sharda Sinha
2019
John T. Chambers
Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa
Pravin Gordhan
Dharampal Gulati
Darshan Lal Jain
Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade
Kariya Munda
Budhaditya Mukherjee
Mohanlal
Nambi Narayanan
Kuldip Nayar
V. K. Shunglu
Hukmdev Narayan Yadav
# Posthumous conferral
1954–1959
1960–1969
1970–1979
1980–1989
1990–1999
2000–2009
2010–2019
2020–2029
show
v
t
e

1990–1999
2000–2009
2010–2019
2020–2029
show
v
t
e
Batsmen with 10,000 or more runs in ODI cricket
 
Australia
Ricky Ponting
 (13,704)
 
India
 (18,426)
 (13,848)
 (11,363)
 (10,889)
MS Dhoni
 (10,773)
 (10,709)
 
Pakistan
Inzamam-ul-Haq
 (11,739)
 
Jacques Kallis
 (11,579)
 
Sri Lanka
 (14,234)
Sanath Jayasuriya
 (13,430)
Mahela Jayawardene
 (12,650)
Tillakaratne Dilshan
 (10,290)
 
Chris Gayle
 (10,480)
Brian Lara
 (10,405)
Current players are listed in 
italics
.
show
v
t
e
ICC Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year
2004: 
 
Flintoff
2005: 
 
Pietersen
2006: 
 
Hussey
2007: 
 
Hayden
2008:

Pietersen
2006: 
 
Hussey
2007: 
 
Hayden
2008: 
 
Dhoni
2009: 
 
Dhoni
2010: 
 
de Villiers
2011: 
 
Sangakkara
2012: 
 
Kohli
2013: 
 
2014: 
 
2015: 
 
2016: 
 
de Kock
2017: 
 
Kohli
2018: 
 
Kohli
2019: 
 
Rohit
2021: 
 
Babar
2022: 
 
Babar
2023: 
 
Kohli
show
v
t
e
Khel Ratna
1991–2000
 
(1991–1992)
Geet Sethi
 
(1992–1993)
Homi Motivala
 and 
Pushpendra Kumar Garg
 
(1993–1994)
 
(1994–1995)
 
(1995–1996)
 
(1996–1997)
 
(1997–1998)

(1998–1999)
 
(1999–2000)
 
(2000–2001)
2001–2010
Abhinav Bindra
 
(2001)
 and 
Anjali Bhagwat
 
(2002)
 
(2003)
 
(2004)
 
(2005)
Manavjit Singh Sandhu
 
(2006)
MS Dhoni
 
(2007)
No award 
(2008)
Mary Kom
, 
, and 
 
(2009)
 
(2010)
2011–2020
 
(2011)
 and 
 
(2012)
Ronjan Sodhi
 
(2013)
No award 
(2014)
 
(2015)
, 
, 
Jitu Rai
, and 
 
(2016)

, 
, 
Jitu Rai
, and 
 
(2016)
 and 
 
(2017)
 and 
 
(2018)
 and 
 
(2019)
, 
, 
Manika Batra
, 
Vinesh Phogat
, and 
 
(2020)
2021–2030
, 
, 
Ravi Kumar Dahiya
, 
Lovlina Borgohain
, 
, 
, 
, 
Krishna Nagar
, 
Manish Narwal
, 
, 
 and 
Manpreet Singh
 
(2021)
 
(2022)
Chirag Shetty
 and 
Satwiksairaj Rankireddy
 
(2023)
Gukesh Dommaraju
, 
Manu Bhaker
, 
Harmanpreet Singh
, and 
Praveen Kumar

, 
, 
, and 
 
(2024)
show
India squads
show
v
t
e
India squad
 – 
3
 
Harbhajan
7
 
Dhoni
10
 
Tendulkar
12
 
Yuvraj
13
 
Munaf
19
 
Dravid (c)
21
 
Ganguly
27
 
Uthappa
34
 
Zaheer
36
 
Sreesanth
37
 
Kumble
44
 
Sehwag
56
 
Pathan
68
 
Agarkar
99
 
Karthik
Coach:
 
Chappell
show
v
t
e
 – 
2007 World Twenty20 – Champions (1st title)
1
 
Harbhajan
2
 
Dhoni
 (
c
 & 
wk
)
3
 
Rohit
4
 
Yuvraj
5

& 
wk
)
3
 
Rohit
4
 
Yuvraj
5
 
Joginder
6
 
Yusuf
7
 
Gambhir
8
 
Uthappa
9
 
RP Singh
10
 
Sreesanth
11
 
Chawla
44
 
Sehwag
12
 
Irfan
13
 
Agarkar
14
 
Karthik
15
 
Rohit
Coach:
 
Rajput
show
v
t
e
 – 
2010 Asia Cup – Champions (5th title)
1
 
Dhoni
 (
c
 & 
wk
)
2
 
Karthik
3
 
Ashwin
4
 
Dinda
5
 
Gambhir
6
 
Harbhajan
7
 
Jadeja
8
 
Zaheer
9
 
Kohli
10
 
Praveen
11
 
Ojha
12
 
Nehra
13

10
 
Praveen
11
 
Ojha
12
 
Nehra
13
 
Raina
14
 
Rohit
15
 
Sehwag
show
v
t
e
 – 
2011 Cricket World Cup – Champions (2nd title)
3
 
Harbhajan
5
 
Gambhir
7
 
Dhoni
 (
c
 & 
wk
)
10
 
Tendulkar
11
 
Chawla
12
 
Yuvraj
13
 
Patel
18
 
Kohli
28
 
Pathan
34
 
Khan
36
 
Sreesanth
44
 
Sehwag
 (
vc
)
48
 
Raina
64
 
Nehra
99
 
Ashwin
Coach:
 
Kirsten
show
v
t
e
 – 
2013 ICC Champions Trophy – Champions (2nd title)
7
 
Dhoni
 (
c
 & 
wk
)

7
 
Dhoni
 (
c
 & 
wk
)
8
 
Jadeja
9
 
Mishra
1
 
I Sharma
3
 
Raina
18
 
Kohli
 (
vc
)
6
 
Vijay
25
 
Dhawan
45
 
R Sharma
99
 
Ashwin
19
 
Karthik
15
 
B Kumar
56
 
I Pathan
73
 
Umesh
23
 
V Kumar
Coach:
 
Fletcher
show
v
t
e
 – 
2015 Cricket World Cup - Semi-finalists
48
 
Raina
5
 
Rayudu
6
 
Mohit
7
 
Dhoni
 (
c
 & 
wk
)
8
 
Jadeja
11
 
Shami
15
 
Bhuvneshwar
18
 
Kohli
 (
vc
)
20
 
Axar
25

Kohli
 (
vc
)
20
 
Axar
25
 
Dhawan
27
 
Rahane
45
 
Rohit
73
 
Umesh
84
 
Binny
99
 
Ashwin
Coach:
 
Fletcher
show
v
t
e
 – 
2016 Asia Cup – Champions (6th title)
1
 
Dhoni
 (
c
 & 
wk
)
2
 
Ashwin
3
 
Bumrah
4
 
Dhawan
5
 
Jadeja
6
 
Kohli
7
 
8
 
Negi
9
 
Nehra
10
 
Pandya
11
 
Patel
12
 
Rahane
13
 
Raina
14
 
Rohit
15
 
Harbhajan
16
 
Yuvraj
show
v
t
e
 – 
2018 Asia Cup – Champions (7th title)
1

show
v
t
e
 – 
1
 
Rohit
 (
c
)
2
 
Dhawan
3
 
Khaleel
4
 
Bumrah
5
 
Chahal
6
 
Chahar
7
 
Dhoni
 (
wk
)
8
 
Jadhav
9
 
Jadeja
10
 
Karthik
11
 
Kaul
12
 
13
 
Rahul
14
 
Pandey
15
 
Pandya
16
 
Rayudu
17
 
Thakur
18
 
Yadav
show
v
t
e
 – 
2019 Cricket World Cup semi-finalists
1
 
Rahul
3
 
Chahal
7
 
Dhoni
 (
wk
)
8
 
Jadeja
11
 
Shami
15
 
Kumar
18

8
 
Jadeja
11
 
Shami
15
 
Kumar
18
 
Kohli
 (
c
)
21
 
Karthik
 (
wk
)
23
 
Kuldeep
25
 
Dhawan
33
 
Pandya
45
 
Rohit
 (
vc
)
59
 
Shankar
81
 
Kedar
93
 
Bumrah
Coach:
 
Shastri
Ambati Rayudu
, 
Rishabh Pant
, 
Axar Patel
, 
Navdeep Saini
 and 
Ishant Sharma
 as stand-by players for the team.
show
v
t
e
India Test cricket captains
1932–1933/34: 
Nayudu
1936: 
Vizianagaram
1946: 
Pataudi, Sr.
1947/48–1952/53: 
Amarnath
1951/52–1952/53: 
Hazare
1954/55; 
1958/59
: 
Mankad
1955/56
; 1958/59: 
Ahmed
1955/56–1956/57; 
1958/59
: 
Umrigar

1955/56
; 1958/59: 
Ahmed
1958/59
: 
Umrigar
1958/59: 
Adhikari
1959: 
Gaekwad
1959: 
Roy
1959/60: 
Ramchand
1960/61–1961/62; 
1961/62
: 
Contractor
1961/62–1974/75: 
Pataudi, Jr.
1967/68: 
Borde
1970/71–1974: 
Wadekar
1974/75
; 1979: 
Venkataraghavan
1975/76
; 1978/79–1984/85: 
Gavaskar
1975/75–1978/79: 
Bedi
1979/80
; 1979/80: 
Viswanath
1982/83–1986/87: 
Dev
1987/88–1988/89: 
1987/88: 
Shastri
1989/90: 
Srikkanth
1989/90–1998/99: 
1996/97–1999/00: 
Tendulkar
2000/01–2005/06: 
Ganguly
2003/04; 2004/05
; 2005/06–2007: 
Dravid
2005/06; 2009; 2010; 2012: 
Sehwag
2007–2008: 
Kumble
2008–2014: 
Dhoni
2014/15
; 2015–2022: 
Kohli

Kumble
Dhoni
2014/15
Kohli
2016/17; 2020/21; 2021/22: 
Rahane
2021/22: 
Rahul
2022–: 
Sharma
2022: 
Bumrah
Italics
 denote deputised captaincy
show
v
t
e
India ODI cricket captains
1974: 
Wadekar
1975–1979: 
1975/76–1978/79: 
Bedi
1980/81–1985/86: 
Gavaskar
1980/81: 
Viswanath
1982/83–1992/93: 
Dev
1983/84: 
Kirmani
1984/85: 
Amarnath
1986/87–1991/92: 
Shastri
1989/90: 
Srikkanth
1989/90–1999: 
1996–1999/00: 
Tendulkar
1997/98–1999/00: 
Jadeja
1999–2005: 
Ganguly
2000/01–2007: 
Dravid
2001/02: 
Kumble
2003–2011: 
Sehwag
2007–2016: 
Dhoni
2010–2014: 
Raina
2011: 
Gambhir
2013–2021: 
Kohli
2015:

Dhoni
Raina
2011: 
Gambhir
Kohli
2015: 
Rahane
2017/18–present: 
Sharma
Italics
show
v
t
e
India T20I cricket captains
2006: 
Sehwag
Dhoni
2010–11: 
Raina
2015: 
Rahane
2016–21: 
Kohli
2017–24: 
Sharma
2021: 
Dhawan
2022: 
Pant
2022–23: 
Pandya
2022: 
Rahul
2023: 
Bumrah
2023: 
Gaikwad
2023–present: 
Yadav
2024: 
Gill
Italics
show
v
t
e
 
 – current squad
31
 
Gaikwad
 (
c
)
1
 
Ghosh
7
 
Dhoni
 (
wk
)
8
 
Jadeja
9
 
Singh
10
 
Overton
15
 
Noor
17
 
Ravindra

Singh
10
 
Overton
15
 
Noor
17
 
Ravindra
19
 
Gopal
23
 
Bedi
 (
wk
)
25
 
Dube
28
 
Siddarth
33
 
Choudhary
47
 
Kamboj
51
 
Nagarkoti
52
 
Tripathi
57
 
Hooda
58
 
Curran
59
 
Shankar
66
 
Rasheed
71
 
Khaleel
72
 
Ellis
81
 
Pathirana
88
 
Conway
 (
wk
)
99
 
Ashwin
Head Coach: 
Stephen Fleming
Batting Coach: 
Michael Hussey
Bowling Coach: TBA
Fielding Coach: 
Rajiv Kumar
show
Authority control databases
 
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ISNI
VIAF
FAST
WorldCat
National
Germany
United States
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Contents
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(Top)
1
Etymology
2
History
Toggle History subsection
2.1
Ancient period
2.2
Medieval period
2.3
Modern period
2.4
Post Independence
2.5
Jharkhand statehood
2.6
Naxal insurgency
3
Geography
Toggle Geography subsection
3.1
Climate
3.2
Hills and mountain ranges
3.3
Main Rivers
3.4
Flora and Fauna
4
Demographics
Toggle Demographics subsection
4.1
Languages
4.2
Religion
5
Government and administration
Toggle Government and administration subsection
5.1
Administrative districts
5.2
Divisions and districts
5.3

5.1
5.2
5.3
Major cities
6
Economy
7
Culture
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7.1
Cuisine
7.2
Folk music and dance
7.3
Festivals
7.4
Paintings
7.5
Tattoo
7.6
Cinema
8
Media
9
Transport
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9.1
Airways
9.2
Roadways
9.3
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9.4
Railways
10
Education
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10.1
Schools
10.2
Universities and colleges
10.2.1
Autonomous
10.2.2
Agriculture
10.2.3
Engineering
10.2.4
Management
10.2.5
Medical colleges
10.2.6
Psychiatry
11
Public Health
12
Sports
13
Tourism
14
See also
15
Toggle References subsection
15.1
Footnotes
15.2
Sources
15.3
Works cited
16
Jharkhand
117 languages
Acèh
አማርኛ

16
Jharkhand
Acèh
አማርኛ
अंगिका
العربية
অসমীয়া
Asturianu
अवधी
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
Basa Bali
বাংলা
閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
भोजपुरी
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བོད་ཡིག
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
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ދިވެހިބަސް
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Eesti
Ελληνικά
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Euskara
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ગુજરાતી
한국어
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Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hornjoserbsce
Hrvatski
বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
Ирон
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ಕನ್ನಡ
Kapampangan
ქართული
Kiswahili

Italiano
עברית
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ქართული
Kiswahili
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Latviešu
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मैथिली
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മലയാളം
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Small
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Standard
Wide
Color 
(beta)
Automatic
Light
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Coordinates
: 
23°21′N
 
85°20′E
﻿ / ﻿
23.35°N 85.33°E
﻿ / 
23.35; 85.33

85°20′E
﻿ / ﻿
﻿ / 
State in eastern India
State in East India, India
Jharkhand
State
Sammet Shikhar Tirth
, 
Parasnath Hill
, 
Giridih
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary
, 
Jamshedpur
Bhatinda Falls
, 
Dhanbad
Panchet Dam
, 
Dhanbad
Dassam Falls
, 
Ranchi
Baidyanath Temple
Topchanchi
, 
Dhanbad
IIT Dhanbad
, 
Dhanbad
Maithon Dam
, 
Dhanbad
Emblem of Jharkhand
Etymology: "Forest Land"
Nickname: 
"Land of Forests"
Motto(s)
: 
Satyameva Jayate 
(Truth alone triumphs)
Location of Jharkhand in India
Coordinates: 
23°21′N
 
85°20′E
﻿ / ﻿
﻿ / 
Country
 
India
Region
East India
Before was
Part of 
Bihar
Formation
15 November 2000
Capital
Ranchi
Largest city
Districts
24 (5 divisions)
Government
 • Body

Capital
Ranchi
Districts
 • Body
Government of Jharkhand
 • 
Governor
Santosh Gangwar
 • 
Chief minister
Hemant Soren
 (
JMM
)
State Legislature
Unicameral
 • 
Assembly
Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
 (
81 seats
)
National Parliament
Parliament of India
 • 
Rajya Sabha
6 seats
 • 
Lok Sabha
14 seats
High Court
Jharkhand High Court
Area
 • Total
79,716 km
2
 (30,779 sq mi)
 • Rank
15th
Dimensions
 • Length
463 km (288 mi)
 • Width
380 km (240 mi)
Elevation
277 m (909 ft)
Highest elevation
 (
Parasnath
[
1
]
)
1,382 m (4,534 ft)
Population
 
(2011)
[
2
]
 • Total
 32,988,134
 • Rank
14th
 • Density
414/km
2
 (1,070/sq mi)
 • Urban
24.05%
 • Rural
75.95%
Demonyms
Jharkhandi

• Urban
24.05%
 • Rural
75.95%
Demonyms
Language
 • 
Official
Hindi
[
3
]
 • 
Additional official
Angika
Bengali
Bhojpuri
Bhumij
Ho
Kharia
Khortha
Kurmali
Kurukh
Magahi
Maithili
Mundari
Nagpuri
Odia
Santali
Urdu
[
4
]
[
5
]
 • 
Official script
Devanagari script
GDP
 • Total 
(2024–25)
₹
4.70 lakh crore
 (US$54 billion)
 • Rank
19th
 • Per capita
 
₹
107,436
 (US$1,200) (
30th
)
Time zone
UTC+05:30
 (
IST
)
ISO 3166 code
IN-JH
Vehicle registration
JH
HDI
 
(2022)
 0.592 
Medium
 (
32nd
)
Literacy
 
(2011)
 66.41% (
32nd
)
Sex ratio
 
(2021)
948
♀

66.41% (
32nd
)
Sex ratio
 
(2021)
948
♀
/1000 
♂
[
6
]
 (
26th
)
Website
jharkhand
.gov
.in
Symbols of Jharkhand
Bird
Koel
Flower
Palash
Mammal
Indian elephant
[
7
]
Tree
Sal
State highway mark
State highway of Jharkhand 
 
JH SH1 - JH SH
List of Indian state symbols
Jharkhand
 (
/
ˈ
dʒ
ɑːr
k
ə
n
d
/
;
[
8
]
 
Hindi:
 
[d͡ʒʱɑːɾkʰəɳɖ]
; 
lit.
 
'
the land of forests
'
) is a 
state
 in 
eastern India
.
[
9
]
 The state shares its border with the states of 
West Bengal
 to the east, 
 to the west, 
 to the northwest, 
Bihar
 to the north and 
Odisha
 to the south. It is the 
15th largest state by area
, and the

to the northwest, 
Bihar
Odisha
, and the 
14th largest by population
. 
Hindi
 is the official language of the state.
[
3
]
 The city of 
Ranchi
 is its capital and 
Dumka
 its sub-capital. The state is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places; 
Baidyanath Dham
, 
Parasnath
, 
Dewri
 and 
Rajrappa
 are major religious sites.
[
10
]
[
11
]
 Jharkhand is primarily rural, with about 24% of its population living in cities as of 2011.
[
12
]
Jharkhand suffers from what is sometimes termed a 
resource curse
: it accounts for more than 40% of 
India's mineral production
 but 39.1% of its population is below the poverty line and 19.6% of children under five years of age are malnourished.
[
13
]
[
14
]
[
15
]
Etymology
The word "
Jhar
"
 means 'forest' and "
Khand
"
 means 'land' in various 
Indo-Aryan languages
. Thus "Jharkhand" means 
forest land
.
[
16
]
In the ancient period, in the 
Mahabharata

.
[
16
]
, the region was referred as Kark Khand due to location near Kark Rekha, that is, 
Tropic of Cancer
.
[
17
]
[
verification needed
]
 During the Medieval period, the region was known as 
Jharkhand
. According to 
Bhavishya Purana
 (1200 CE), Jharkhand was one of the seven 
Pundra
 desa. The name is first found on a 13th-century copper plate in 
Kendrapada
, Odisha region from the reign of Narasimha Deva II of 
Eastern Ganga dynasty
. Forest land from 
Baidhnath dham
 to 
Puri
 was known as Jharkhand. In 
Akbarnama
, from 
Panchet
 in the east to 
Ratanpur
 to west, 
Rohtasgarh
 to the north and the frontier of Odisha to the south was known as Jharkhand.
[
18
]
[
19
]
History
Main article: 
History of Jharkhand
The region has been inhabited since the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period, as shown by several ancient cave paintings.
[
20
]
[
21
]
[
22
]
 
Stone tools have been discovered from Chota Nagpur Plateau region which are from the 
Mesolithic
 and 
Neolithic

22
]
 
 and 
Neolithic
 periods.
[
20
]
 There are ancient cave paintings in Isko, 
Hazaribagh district
 which are from Meso-chalcolithic period (9000–5000 BCE).
[
21
]
 During 2nd millennium BCE the use of Copper tools spread in 
Chota Nagpur Plateau
 and these find complexes are known as the 
Copper Hoard Culture
.
[
23
]
 In the Kabra-Kala mound at the confluence of the 
Son
 and 
North Koel
 rivers in 
Palamu district
 various antiquities and art objects have been found which are from the 
Neolithic
 to the medieval period and 
pot-sherds
 of 
Redware
, 
black and red ware
, black ware, 
black slipped ware
 and 
NBP ware
 are from 
Chalcolithic
 to the late medieval period.
[
24
]
 Several 
iron slags
, 
microliths
, and 
potsherds
 have been discovered from 
Singhbhum district
 that are from 1400 BCE according to carbon dating age.
[
22
]
 The region was ruled by many empires and dynasties including 
Nanda
, 
Maurya
 and 
Gupta
 during ancient period.

The region was ruled by many empires and dynasties including 
Nanda
, 
Maurya
 and 
Gupta
In the Mahabharata, the region was referred as Kark Khand due to its location near Tropic of Cancer.
[
17
]
 During the age of Mahajanpadas around 500 BCE, Jharkhand state was a part of 
Magadha
 and 
Anga
.
[
25
]
[
citation needed
]
 In the Mauryan period, this region was ruled by a number of states, 
which were collectively known as the Atavika (forest) states. These 
states were subdued and were forced to accept the 
hegemony
 of the 
Maurya empire
 during 
Ashoka
's reign (c. 232 BCE). In the ancient site of 
Saridkel
,
 burnt brick houses, red ware pottery, copper tools, coins and iron 
tools have been found which belong to the early centuries CE.
[
26
]
 Brahmi inscriptions have been found in Khunti district which are from the 3rd century BCE.
[
27
]
 
Samudragupta
, while marching through the present-day Chotanagpur region (
North
 and 
South
), directed the first attack against the kingdom of 
Dakshina Kosala
 in the 
Mahanadi
 valley.
[
28
]
In the 7th century, the Chinese traveller 
Xuanzang

Mahanadi
 valley.
[
28
]
Xuanzang
 passed through the region. He described the kingdom as 
Karnasuvarna
, with 
Shashanka
 as its ruler. To the north of Karn-Suberna was Magadha, Champa was in the east, Mahendra in the west, and Orissa in the south.
[
29
]
During the medieval period, the region was governed by 
Nagvanshi
, 
Pala
, 
Khayaravala
, 
Ramgarh Raj
 and 
Chero
 rulers.
[
30
]
[
31
]
 A Buddhist monastery has been found in 
Hazaribagh
 which was built during the Pala period in the 10th century.
[
32
]
 
Bhim Karn
 was a Nagvanshi king during medieval period. He defeated the 
Raksel dynasty
 of Surguja when they invaded the region with cavalry.
[
33
]
Khakparta Temple, a 9th-century Shiva temple in Lohardaga
Mughal
 influence reached 
Palamu
 during the reign of Emperor 
Akbar
 when it was conquered by 
Rajput
 
Raja Mansingh
 in 1574. Several invasions took place during Mughal rule.
[
34
]
 During the reign of the Nagvanshi King 
Madhu Singh

in 1574. Several invasions took place during Mughal rule.
[
34
]
, Akbar's general invaded 
Khukhra
. Also there was an invasion during the reign of 
Durjan Shah
.
[
35
]
King 
Ram Shah
 ruled Navratangarh from 1640 to 1663. He built the 
Kapilnath Temple
 in 1643. He was succeeded by his son 
Raghunath Shah
. Thakur 
Ani Nath Shahdeo
 built the Jagannath temple of Ranchi in 1691.
[
36
]
 The King 
Medini Ray
 ruled from 1658 to 1674 in Palamu.
[
37
]
 His rule extended to areas in South 
Gaya
 and 
. He attacked Navratangarh and defeated the 
Nagvanshi
 Maharaja of 
Chhotanagpur
.
[
38
]
 Chero rule in the 
Palamu
 region lasted until the 19th century until internal conflict between 
various factions weakened the Cheros and they were defeated by the 
East India Company
. Later Palamu estates were sold by the British.
[
39
]
Jagannath temple
 at Ranchi built by king 
Maluti temples
 in 
Dumka
Palamu Forts
Navratangarh fort

 in 
Dumka
During the 18th century, regions under the Kings of the Chero dynasty, Nagvanshi dynasty, 
Ramgarh
 and 
Kharagdiha
 became parts of territories of 
. Ramgarh Raj along with estates of other chiefs in the regions were permanently settled as Zamindari estates. The 
 
Rajas
 were settled as Rajas of Raj Dhanwar in 1809, and the Kharagdiha gadis 
were separately settled as zamindari estates. Some of the notable 
Kharagdiha Zamindari estates were 
Koderma
, 
Gadi Palganj
 and 
Ledo Gadi
.
[
40
]
 The princely states in the 
 came within the 
sphere of influence
 of the 
Maratha Empire
, but they became tributary states of British East India Company as a result of the 
Anglo-Maratha Wars
 and became known as 
Chota Nagpur Tributary States
.
[
41
]
Subjugation, colonisation and imposition of taxes by the British 
East India Company resulted in spontaneous resistance from the local 
people. 
Chuar Rebellion
, the first revolt against the British East India Company led by Jagannath Singh Patar in 1767 with the 
Bhumij
 tribals. The Bhumijes again revolted in 1769–71, led by their Sardar Ghatwals in Dhalbhum. In 1769, 
Raghunath Mahato
 also revolted against the

 also revolted against the 
British East India Company
 (EIC).
[
42
]
In 1771, the revolt against the landlords and the British government was led by 
Tilka Majhi
, a Paharia leader in Rajmahal Hills. Soon after in 1779, the 
Bhumij
 tribes again rose in arms against the British rule in Manbhum, called 
the Chuar Rebellion. In 1807, the Oraons in Barway murdered their 
landlord from 
Srinagar
. The 
Munda
 tribe rose in revolt in 1811 and 1813. 
Bakhtar Say
 and 
Mundal Singh
, two landowners, fought against the British East India Company in 1812.
[
43
]
The Hos in Singhbhum revolted in 1820 and a 
Kol revolt
 occurred in 1832. Also in 1832 the 
Bhumijs
 revolted again against the British, this time under the leadership of 
Ganga Narayan Singh
, known as the 
Bhumij Rebellion
. During the 19th century, large numbers of santals from 
Manbhum
, 
, 
Midnapore
 were settled by British in 
Damin-i-koh
 to cultivate the land and generate revenue. But the Santal revolted against tax imposition.
The 
Santhal rebellion
 broke out in 1855 under the leadership of two brothers 
Sidhu and Kanhu
. Later the British renamed it as Santal Pargana.
[
44
]
 against tax imposition during British 
Company Raj
 in 1855

[
44
]
 in 1855
Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo
 and 
Pandey Ganpat Rai
 rebelled against the British East India Company in the 
1857 rebellion
. In the 
Battle of Chatra
, conflict took place between the rebels and the East India company.
[
45
]
[
46
]
 
Tikait Umrao Singh
, 
Sheikh Bhikhari
, Nadir Ali and Jai Mangal Singh played pivotal role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
[
47
]
 The brothers 
Nilambar and Pitambar
 were chiefs of Bhogta clan of the 
Kharwar
 tribe who held ancestral jagirs with many 
Chero
 Jagirdars and led revolt against the British East India company.
[
34
]
After the 
Indian Rebellion of 1857
, the 
rule
 of the British 
 was transferred to the Crown in the person of 
Queen Victoria
,
[
48
]
 who, in 1876, was proclaimed 
Empress of India
. The 
Cheros
 and 
Kharwars
 again rebelled against the British in 1882 but the attack was repulsed.
[
49
]
 Then 
Birsa Munda
 revolt,
[
50
]

[
49
]
 Then 
 revolt,
[
50
]
 broke out in 1895 and lasted until 1900. The revolt though mainly concentrated in the 
Munda
 belt of Khunti, Tamar, Sarwada and Bandgaon.
In October 1905, the exercise of British influence over the predominantly 
Hindi
-speaking states of 
Chang Bhakar
, 
Jashpur
, 
Koriya
, 
Surguja
, and 
Udaipur
 was transferred from the Bengal government to that of the 
Central Provinces
, while the two 
Oriya
Gangpur
 and 
Bonai
 were attached to the 
Orissa Tributary States
, leaving only 
Kharsawan
 and 
Saraikela
 answerable to the Bengal governor.
[
51
]
In 1936, all nine states were transferred to the 
Eastern States Agency
,
 the officials of which came under the direct authority of the 
Governor-General of India, rather than under that of any provinces.
In March 1940, the INC 53rd Session
[
52
]
[
53
]
 occurred under the presidency of 
Maulana Azad
 at Jhanda Chowk, Ramgarh, which is now 
Ramgarh Cantonment
. 
Mahatma Gandhi
,
[
54
]
 
Jawaharlal Nehru
, 
Sardar Patel

,
[
54
]
 
, 
, 
Rajendra Prasad
, 
Sarojini Naidu
, 
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
, 
Acharya J.B. Kripalani
, Industrialist 
Jamnalal Bajaj
 and other great leaders
[
55
]
 of the Indian freedom movement attended the Ramgarh Session.
[
56
]
 Mahatma Gandhi also opened the Khadi and Village Industries Exhibition at Ramgarh.
[
57
]
At that time, under the leadership of Netaji 
Subhash Chandra Bose
 a conference against Samjhauta was also completed. In Ramgarh, Subhas 
Chandra Bose was seen as president of the All India Forward Block and M.
 N. Roy was seen as leader of the Radical democratic party.
Jawaharlal
 Nehru, industrialist Jamnalal Bajaj, Sarojini Naidu, Khan Abdul Ghaffar
 Khan, and Maulana Azad at the 1940 Ramgarh session of the Indian 
National Congress.
After Indian independence in 1947, the rulers of many states chose to accede to the 
Dominion of India
. 
Changbhakar
, 
Jashpur
, 
Koriya
, 
Surguja
 and 
Udaipur
 after that became part of the state of 
Madhya Pradesh
, but 
Gangpur
 and 
Bonai
 became part of the state of 
Orissa

, but 
Gangpur
 and 
Bonai
Orissa
 and 
Kharsawan
 and 
Saraikela
Bihar
.
[
58
]
 In 1928, a separate state was demanded by 
Unnati Samaj
, the political wing of the Christian Tribals Association, which submitted a memorandum to the 
Simon Commission
 to constitute a tribal state in eastern India.
[
18
]
 Prominent leaders like 
Jaipal Singh Munda
 and 
Ram Narayan Singh
 also demanded a separate state. In 1955, the 
Jharkhand Party
, led by Jaipal Singh Munda, submitted a memorandum to the 
States Reorganization Commission
 for a separate Jharkhand state comprising the tribal area of South 
Bihar, but it was rejected because there were many languages, no link 
language in the region, tribals were in the minority, Hindustani was the
 majority language, and it risked adverse effect on the economy of 
Bihar.
[
59
]
[
60
]
Later the 
Sadan people
, the native various caste/non-tribal groups, also joined the movement for a separate state.
[
59
]
 In 1972, 
Binod Bihari Mahato
, 
Shibu Soren
 and 
A. K. Roy
 founded 
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
. 
Nirmal Mahto
 founded the 
All Jharkhand Students Union

founded 
. 
. They led the movement for a separate state of Jharkhand. The Jharkhand coordination committee (JCC), consisting of 
Ram Dayal Munda
, 
B. P. Keshri
, 
,
 Santosh Rana and Suraj Singh Besra started a new initiative and tried 
to coordinate between different parties. Keshri sent a memorandum to 
form Jharkhand state in 1988.
[
61
]
 The Jharkhand co-ordination committee was then led by Congress General Secretary 
Ram Ratan Ram
, who urged 
Rajiv Gandhi
 to pay attention to the issue at hand. 
Congress General Secretary Mr. Ram Ratan Ram's letter to PM Mr. Rajiv Gandhi on the issue of the state of Jharkhand
In July 1988, the 
Bharatiya Janata party
 led by 
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
, 
Lal Krishna Advani
, and 
Murli Manohar Joshi
 decided to demand a separate state, Vanachal, comprising the forest region of South Bihar in 
. 
Inder Singh Namdhari
, 
Samresh Singh
, and 
Rudra Pratap Sarangi
 were the leaders of the Vanachal movement. They organised several rallies to form a separate state.
[
62
]
The central government formed a committee on the Jharkhand matter
 in 1989. It stressed the need for greater allocation of development 
funds for the area. There was a provision for limited internal autonomy 
in the hill area of 
Assam

in 1989. It stressed the need for greater allocation of development 
Assam
. Other 
tribal
 areas were covered by the fifth schedule of the constitution. Chotanagpur and 
Santal
 Pargana development boards were constituted under the chairmanship of 
the then chief minister of Bihar under the provision of the fifth 
schedule in 1972. This failed to achieve the desired result. Jharkhand 
Mukti Morcha wanted more representation and the All Jharkhand Students 
Union was against it. Due to differences these parties broke away from 
each other. The All Jharkhand Students Union introduced elements of 
violence in the movement and called for a boycott of election while 
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha opposed this. The Jharkhand Area Autonomous 
Council bill passed in Bihar's legislative assembly in December 1994. 
The Jharkhand Area Autonomous Council were given responsibility for 
forty areas including agriculture, rural health, public work, public 
health and minerals. The council has power to recommend legislation to 
the Assembly through the state government and to frame bylaws and 
regulations.
[
31
]
[
59
]
In 1998, when the separate state movement was falling apart, Justice 
Lal Pingley Nath Shahdeo
 was leading the movement. In 1998, the 
Union government
 decided to send the bill concerning the formation of the state of Jharkhand to the 
Bihar Legislative Assembly
 to which 
Lalu Prasad Yadav
 had said that the state would be divided over his dead body. A total of 16 political parties including the 
Bharatiya Janata Party
, Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, the 
, and the 
Congress

, and the 
Congress
 came in one platform and formed the 'All Party Separate State Formation
 Committee' to start the movement. Shahdeo was elected as the convener 
of the committee. Voting on the Jharkhand Act was to be done on 21 
September 1998 in the Bihar legislature. On that day the committee, 
under the leadership of Shahdeo called for Jharkhand Bandh and organised
 a protest march. Thousands of supporters of a separate state took to 
the streets led by Shahdeo. He was arrested and detained in a police 
station for hours along with many supporters.
[
63
]
[
64
]
In 1999 the Bharatiya Janata party promised to form a separate 
Vanachal state if they won the state election with a majority of votes.
[
62
]
 After the last Assembly election in the state resulted in a hung assembly, 
RJD
's dependence on the Congress extended support on the precondition that RJD would not pose a hurdle to the passage of the 
Bihar reorganisation Bill
. Finally, with the support from both RJD and 
Congress
,
 the ruling coalition at the Centre led by the Bharatiya Janata Party 
which had made statehood its main poll plank in the region in successive
 polls earlier, cleared the Bihar reorganisation Bill in the monsoon 
session of the Parliament on 2 and 11 August in Loksabha and Rajyasabha.
 This paved the way for the creation of a separate Vanachal state 
comprising the 
Chota Nagpur Division
 and 
Santhal Pargana Division
 of South Bihar.
[
65
]
 
NDA

and 
[
65
]
 
NDA
 formed the government with 
Babulal Marandi
 as chief minister. Later the name of the state was changed from Vanachal to Jharkhand.
[
62
]
[
66
]
 
 took the oath of chief minister on 15 November 2000 on the anniversary of the birth of tribal leader 
.
[
31
]
The dynamics of resources and the politics of development still 
influence the socio-economic structures in Jharkhand, which was carved 
out of the relatively underdeveloped southern part of 
Bihar
. According to the 1991 census, the state has a population of over 20 million out of which 28% is 
tribal
 while 12% of the people belong to 
scheduled castes
.
 Jharkhand has 24 districts, 260 blocks, and 32,620 villages out of 
which only 45% have access to electricity while only 8,484 are connected
 by roads. Jharkhand is the leading producer of mineral wealth in the 
country after 
 state, endowed as it is with a vast variety of minerals like iron ore, 
coal, copper ore, mica, bauxite, graphite, limestone, and uranium. 
Jharkhand is also known for its vast forest resources.
[
67
]
See also: 
Tritiya Prastuti Committee
 and 
People's Liberation Front of India
Jharkhand has been at the centre of the 
Naxalite-Maoist insurgency

 and 
. Since the uprising of the 
Naxalites
 in 1967, 6,000 people have been killed in fighting between the Naxalites and counter-insurgency operations by the 
police
, and its 
paramilitary
 groups such as the 
Salwa Judum
.
[
68
]
Despite having a presence in almost 7.80% of India's geographical area
[
69
]
 (home to 5.50% of India's population), the state of Jharkhand is part of the "
Red Corridor
" comprising 92,000 square kilometres,
[
69
]
 where the highest concentration of the groups estimated 20,000 combatants fight.
[
70
]
 Part of this is due to the fact that the state harbours an abundance of
 natural resources, while its people live in abject poverty and 
destitution.
[
71
]
 The impoverished state provides ample recruits for 
communist
 insurgents, who argue that they are fighting on behalf of the landless 
poor and tribals that see few benefits from the resource extractions.
[
71
]
 As the federal government holds a monopoly on sub-surface resources in the state, the 
tribal
 population is prevented from staking any claim on the resources extracted from their land.
[
71
]
 In response, the insurgents have recently begun a campaign of targeting
 infrastructure related to the extraction of resources vital for Indian 
energy needs, such as coal.

71
]
[
69
]
On 5 March 2007, 
Sunil Mahato
, a member of the national parliament, was shot dead by 
Naxalite
 rebels near 
Kishanpur
 while watching a football match on the 
Hindu
 festival of 
Holi
. His widow, 
Suman Mahato
, the 
 candidate, won the 
 Lok Sabha by-election in September 2007 and served in parliament until 2009.
[
72
]
Geography
Jharkhand is located in the eastern part of India and is enclosed by 
 to the eastern side, 
 and 
 to the western side, 
Bihar
 to the northern part and 
Odisha
 to the southern part.
Jharkhand envelops a geographical area of 79,716 square kilometres (30,779 sq mi). Much of Jharkhand lies on the 
. Many rivers pass through the Chota Nagpur plateau. They are: 
Damodar
, 
North Koel
, 
Barakar
, 
South Koel
, 
Sankh
 and 
Subarnarekha
 rivers. The higher watersheds of these rivers stretch out within the 
Jharkhand state. Much of the Jharkhand state is still enclosed by 
forest. Forests sustain the population of elephants and tigers.

rivers. The higher watersheds of these rivers stretch out within the 
Physical map of Jharkhand
Climate
Climate of Jharkhand varies from 
Humid subtropical
 in the north to 
tropical wet and dry
 in the south-east.
[
73
]
 The main seasons are summer, rainy, autumn, winter and spring. The 
summer lasts from mid-April to mid-June. May, the hottest month, 
characterised by daily high temperatures around 37 °C (99 °F) 
and low temperatures around 25 °C (77 °F). The 
southwest monsoon
,
 from mid-June to October, brings nearly all the state's annual 
rainfall, which ranges from about 1,000 mm (40 in) in the 
west-central part of the state to more than 1,500 mm (60 in) 
in the southwest. Nearly half of the annual precipitation falls in July 
and August. The winter season lasts from November to February. The 
temperatures in 
Ranchi
 in December usually vary from 10–24 °C (50–75 °F). Spring season lasts from mid-February to mid-April.
[
74
]
Parasnath
: Parasnath Hill is also called as 
Sri Sammed Sikharji
 by Jains and 
Marang Buru
 by 
Santal
 tribes. The Parasnath Hill is situated in Giridih district of Jharkhand. It is a chief 
Jain pilgrimage site
 and the holy place for 
Jains
. Additionally, for 
Santal
 tribes, their supreme deity 
 is prayed and

and the holy place for 
Jains
Santal
 is prayed and 
Jug Jaher
 is the holy enshrine in its valley where 
Jaher Ayo
 being worshiped. It is believed in the Jain culture that 20 of the 24 
Tirthankaras attained Moksha from this place. The height of the hill is 
1,365 meters.
Netarhat
: Netarhat is a town in Latehar district. Referred to as the "Queen of Chotanagpur", it is a hill station. 
Netarhat Residential School
 is located here. Netarhat Dam is also located in this area.
Rajmahal Hills
: These hills are located in 
Sahibganj
 and 
Godda
 districts of Eastern part of Jharkhand. The 
Rajmahal hills
 belong to the Jurassic era. These hills like others also have many waterfalls, lakes and greenery.
Trikut
:
 Trikut Hill is located ten kilometres away from Deoghar and lies on the
 way to Dumka in Jharkhand. Trikut hill is also called Trikutchal 
because there are 3 major peaks on the hill. The height of Trikut hill 
is 2470 feet.
Tagore Hill
: The 
 is also recognised as the Morabadi Hill. The Tagore hill is located in 
Morabadi, Ranchi. The brother of Rabindranath Tagore, Jyotirindranath 
Tagore had made a tour at Ranchi in the year 1908.
[
75
]
Further information: 
List of rivers of Jharkhand
Ganga River
: The 
holy river

75
]
: The 
holy river
 Ganga passes through the north-eastern district of Sahebganj. Cities on
 the banks of Ganga river in Jharkhand: Sahebganj, Rajmahal
Son River
: Origin of Son River: Amarkantak, Cities on the Shore of Son River: Sidhi
Subarnarekha River
:
 Origin of Subarnarekha River: (Nagdi Ranchi) Chota Nagpur Plateau, 
Cities on the Shore of Subarnarekha River: Ranchi, Chandil, Jamshedpur, 
Ghatshila, Gopiballavpur
Kharkai River
:
 Origin of Kharkai River: Mayurbhanj District, Odisha; Cities on the 
Shore of Kharkai River: Rairangpur, Adityapur, and enters the 
Subarnarekha river in north-western Jamshedpur.
Damodar River
:
 Origin of Damodar River: Chota Nagpur Plateau (Tori latehar), Cities on
 the Shore of Damodar River: latehar, lohardaga, Ramgarh, Gridih, 
Dhanbad, Bokaro, Asansol, Raniganj, Durgapur, Bardhaman
North Koel River
: Origin of North Koel River: Chota Nagpur plateau, Cities on Shore of North Koel River: Daltonganj
South Koel River
:
 Origin of South Koyal River: Chota Nagpur Plateau (Nagdi Ranchi), 
Cities on the Shore of South Koyal River: Manoharpur, Rourkela
Lilajan River
: Also known as Falgu river. Origin of Lilajan River: Northern Chota Nagpur Plateau, City on the Shore: Gaya
Ajay River

Ajay River
: Origin of Ajay River: Munger, Cities on the Shore of Ajay River: Purulia, Chittaranjan, Ilambazar, Jaydev Kenduli
Mayurakshi River
: Origin of Mayurakshi River: Trikut hill, City on the Shore of Mayurakshi River: Suri
Barakar River
: Origin: Padma in Hazaribagh, Barakar Nadi flows through the districts of Koderma, Giridih, Hazaribagh, etc.
For the list of dams built across these revere refer to 
[2]
Jharkhand has a rich variety of 
flora
 and 
fauna
.
 The wildlife sanctuaries, national parks and zoological gardens in the 
state present a panorama of this variety. There are several wildlife 
sanctuaries and national park in the state including 
Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary
, 
, 
Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary
, 
Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary
, 
Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary
, 
Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary
, 
Palamu Tiger Reserve
 and 
Betla National Park
.
[
76
]
[
77
]
 Palamu Tiger Reserve reserve is abode to hundreds of species of flora and fauna,
[
78
]
 as indicated within brackets: mammals (39), snakes (8), lizards (4), 
fish (6), insects (21), birds (170), seed bearing plants and trees (97),

as indicated within brackets: mammals (39), snakes (8), lizards (4), 
 shrubs and herbs (46), climbers, parasites and semi-parasites (25), and
 grasses and bamboos (17). 
Palash
 flowers, bright red, pepper the skyline in Jharkhand during fall, also known as forest fire
A crocodile at Muta Crocodile Breeding Centre at 
Ormanjhi
, Ranchi
A female 
 at 
 in Jharkhand
See also: 
Sadan peoples
, 
Nagpuria people
, and 
Tribes of Jharkhand
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
 1901 
6,068,233
—    
 1911 
6,747,122
+11.2%
 1921 
6,767,770
+0.3%
 1931 
7,908,737
+16.9%
 1941 
8,868,069
+12.1%
 1951 
9,697,254
+9.4%
 1961 
11,606,489
+19.7%
 1971 
14,227,133
+22.6%
 1981 
17,612,069
+23.8%
 1991 
21,844,911
+24.0%
 2001 
26,945,829
+23.4%

1991 
+24.0%
 2001 
+23.4%
 2011 
32,988,134
+22.4%
Source: 
Census of India
[
79
]
According to the 
2011 Indian Census
, Jharkhand has a population of 32.96 million, consisting of 16.93 million males and 16.03 million females.
[
80
]
 The 
sex ratio
 is 947 females to 1,000 males.
[
80
]
 The literacy rate of the state was 67.63% with 
Ranchi district
 being most educated at 77.13% compared to rural Pakur district being least at 50.17%.
[
80
]
 In social demographics, Jharkhand's 
Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes
 populations are 3,985,644 (12.08%) and 8,646,189 (26.21%), 
respectively. Nationally, they rank 14th and 6th, comprising 1.98% and 
8.29% of the total population within these social groups. They are 
predominantly concentrated in south-western district 
Simdega
 (78.23%), 
Khunti
 (77.77%), 
Gumla
 (72.11%), 
Paschim Singhbhum
 (71.1%), 
Latehar
 (66.85%), and in 
Lohardaga district
 (60.21%).
Languages
Languages of Jharkhand (2011)
[
81
]

 (60.21%).
Languages
[
81
]
 
Khortha
 (23.46%)
 
Hindi
 (21.40%)
 
Bengali
 (9.74%)
 
Santali
 (8.77%)
 
Nagpuri
 (7.23%)
 
Urdu
 (5.96%)
 
Magahi
 (4.14%)
 
Ho
 (3.01%)
 
Mundari
 (2.92%)
 
Kurukh
 (2.88%)
 
 'Other' Hindi
[
a
]
 (2.32%)
 
Bhojpuri
 (2.29%)
 
Kurmali
 (1.82%)
 
Odia
 (1.61%)
 
 Others (2.45%)
Jharkhand is linguistically diverse, with speakers of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and Austroasiatic languages. 
Hindi
 is the official language and is spoken as the link language by the people of the state,
[
3
]
 although different regional languages exist.
[
81

[
3
]
[
81
]
 Some of which, including 
Nagpuri
, 
Khortha
, 
Kurmali
, 
Magahi
 and 
Bhojpuri
 are categorised as 'Hindi languages' in the Indian census 2011.
[
81
]
 Jharkhand has accorded additional official language status to 
Angika
, 
Bengali
, 
Bhojpuri
, 
Bhumij
, 
Ho
, 
Kharia
, 
Kurukh
, 
Khortha
, 
Kurmali
, 
Magahi
, 
Maithili
, 
Mundari
, 
Nagpuri
, 
Odia
, 
Santali
 and 
Urdu
.
[
4
]
[
82
]
[
3
]
Linguistic map of Jharkhand, showing the most spoken language by district.
Religion
Religion in Jharkhand
Sun Temple
 at Ranchi; Hinduism is the majority religion in the state
Religion in Jharkhand (2011)
[
83
]
 
Hinduism
 (67.83%)
 
Islam

[
83
]
 
Hinduism
 (67.83%)
 
Islam
 (14.53%)
 
 Other religions and persuasions (12.84%)
 
Christianity
 (4.3%)
 
Sikhism
 (0.22%)
 
Buddhism
 (0.03%)
 
Jainism
 (0.05%)
 
 Not stated (0.21%)
The other religions and persuasions mostly consists of adherents of 
Sarnaism
.
[
b
]
As per the 
2011 census
, 
Hinduism
 is the majority religion in the state at 67.8%, followed by 
Islam
 at 14.5% and 
 at 4.3%.
[
83
]
 Other religions, primarily 
Sarnaism
, claim to be 12.8% of the population.
[
86
]
Hindus form the majority in 19 out of the 24 districts of the Jharkhand. 
 forms majority in 
Simdega district
 (51.04%).
[
87
]
 
Sarna
Lohardaga
 (51.01%), 
West Singhbhum
 (62.29%) and plurality in 
Gumla
 (44.62%) and 
Khunti

Gumla
Khunti
 (45.37%).
[
88
]
 Muslims have the highest presence in 
Pakur district
 and 
Sahebganj district
 of Jharkhand forming 35% and 34% of the population, respectively.
[
89
]
The constitutional head of the government of Jharkhand is the 
governor
, who is appointed by the 
president of India
. The real executive power rests with the 
chief minister
 and the cabinet. The political party or the coalition of political 
parties having a majority in the Legislative Assembly forms the 
government.
The head of the bureaucracy of the state is the 
chief secretary
. Under this position, is a hierarchy of officials drawn from the 
Indian Administrative Service
, 
Indian Police Service
, 
Indian Forest Service
 and different wings of the state civil services.
The 
judiciary
 is headed by the 
chief justice
. Jharkhand has a 
High Court
 which has been functioning since 2000. 
All the branches of the government are located in the state capital, Ranchi.
Main articles: 
Administrative divisions of Jharkhand
 and 
Districts of Jharkhand
The state was formed with 18 districts that were formerly part of 
south Bihar. Some of these districts were reorganised to form 6 new 
districts, namely, Latehar, Saraikela Kharsawan, Jamtara, Pakur, Khunti

districts, namely, Latehar, Saraikela Kharsawan, Jamtara, Pakur, Khunti 
and Ramgarh. At present, the state has 5 Divisions and 24 Districts. One
 interesting thing about Jharkhand is that all its districts, except 
Lohardaga and Khunti, share a border with a neighbouring state.
[
90
]
Palamu division
Garhwa
Palamu
Latehar
North Chotanagpur division
Chatra
Hazaribag
Giridih
Koderma
Dhanbad
Bokaro
Ramgarh
South Chotanagpur division
Ranchi
Lohardaga
Gumla
Simdega
Khunti
Kolhan division
Seraikela Kharsawan
East Singhbhum
Deoghar
Jamtara
Dumka
Godda
Pakur
Sahebganj
Largest Cities in Jharkhand
(2011 Census of India estimate)
[
91
]
Rank
City
District
Rank
City
District
 
Bokaro
01
East Singbhum
1,339,438
06
Phusro
Bokaro
186,139
02
Dhanbad

1,339,438
06
Phusro
Bokaro
186,139
02
Dhanbad
Dhanbad
1,196,214
07
153,595
03
Ranchi
Ranchi
1,126,741
08
Giridih
Giridih
143,630
04
Bokaro Steel City
Bokaro
564,319
09
Ramgarh
Ramgarh
132,441
05
Deoghar
Deoghar
203,123
10
Medininagar
Palamu
120,325
Economy
The 
gross domestic product
 of Jharkhand is estimated at 
₹
3.83 lakh crore
 (US$44 billion) in 2020–21. The per capita GDP of Jharkhand in 2018-19 was 
₹
82,430
 (US$950).
[
92
]
Open-cast Coal Mining in 
Dhanbad
Jharkhand has several towns and innumerable villages with civic amenities. Urbanization ratio is 24.1%.
[
93
]
 Jharkhand also has immense 
mineral
 resources: minerals ranging from (ranking in the country within bracket) from 
iron
 
ore
 (4th), 
coal
 (3rd), 
copper
 ore (1st), 
mica

ore
 (4th), 
coal
 (3rd), 
copper
 ore (1st), 
mica
 (1st), 
bauxite
 (3rd), 
manganese
, 
limestone
, 
china clay
, 
fire clay
, 
graphite
 (8th), 
kainite
 (1st), 
chromite
 (2nd), 
asbestos
 (1st), 
thorium
 (3rd), 
sillimanite
, 
uranium
 (Jaduguda mines, Narwa Pahar) (1st) and even 
gold
 (
Rakha Mines
) (6th) and 
silver
 and several other minerals. Large deposits of coal and iron ore support concentration of 
industry
, in centres like 
, 
Dhanbad
, 
Bokaro
 and Ranchi. 
Tata Steel
, a 
NSE NIFTY 500
 conglomerate has its corporate office and main plant in Tatanagar, Jharkhand.
[
94
]
 It reported a gross income of 
₹
.
 204,910 million for 2005. NTPC will start coal production from its 
captive mine in state in 2011–12, for which the company will be 
investing about Rs 18 billion.
[
95
]
In February 2006, the government of Jharkhand established the 
Jharkhand Silk Textile and Handicraft Development Corporation

[
95
]
Jharkhand Silk Textile and Handicraft Development Corporation 
(Jharcraft), which promotes local sericulture and weaving and the wider 
marketing of these products.
[
96
]
[
97
]
Agriculture is another major economic sector. Farmers in 
Jharkhand produce several crops such as rice, wheat, maize, pulses, 
potatoes, and vegetables such as tomato, carrots, cabbage, brinjal, 
pumpkin, and papaya. Other important industries include the cottage 
industry and IT.
[
98
]
Culture
Culture of Jharkhand
Cuisine
See also: 
Cuisine of Jharkhand
A Jharkhand Rice Plate
Staple foods of Jharkhand are 
rice
, 
dal
, 
roti
, 
vegetables
, and 
tubers
. Spices are sparingly used in cuisine. Famous dishes include 
Chhilka Roti
, 
Malpua
, 
Pitha
, 
Dhooska
, Arsa roti, Dudhauri, and 
Panipuri
 (Gupchup).
[
99
]
[
100
]
 Rugra and Putoo is a type of edible mushroom that is grown extensively 
in Jharkhand and harvested during the rainy months. It has a hardened, 
white, edible shell and a softer dark coloured centre. 
Bamboo shoot
 are a versatile ingredient used in many culinary traditions,

 are a versatile ingredient used in many culinary traditions, 
particularly in Jharkhand cuisine. They can be boiled, steamed, 
stir-fried, or pickled, making them a popular addition to dishes such as
 soups, curries, and salads. Bamboo shoots are known for their ability 
to absorb the flavours of the ingredients they are cooked with, 
enhancing the overall taste of the dishes.
[
101
]
 The leaves of Munga (
Moringa oleifera
) and Koinar (
Bauhinia variegata
) trees are used as a leafy vegetable or 
Saag
.
[
102
]
Local alcoholic drinks include rice beer, originally known as Handi or 
Handia
,
 named after the vessel, handi (earthen pot), used to make it. Handia is
 culturally associated with natives, i.e., Sadans and Tribals; this 
drink is consumed by both men and women on social occasions like 
marriage and festivals.
[
103
]
[
104
]
 Another common liquor is called 
Mahua 
daru
, made from flowers of the Mahua tree (
Madhuca longifolia
).
[
105
]
See also: 
Folk dances of Jharkhand
Chhau Dancers in Jharkhand village
There are several folk dances in Jharkhand such as: 
Jhumair
, 
Mardani Jhumar
, 
Janani Jhumar
, 
Domkach

Jhumair
, 
, 
, 
Domkach
, Vinsariya, Jhumta, Fagua, 
Angnai
, 
Paiki
, 
Chhau
, 
Firkal
, 
Mundari
, and 
Santali
 dance.
[
106
]
Festivals
Major festivals of Jharkhand are 
Sarhul
, 
Baha Parab
, 
Karam Parab
, 
Mage Parab
, 
Sohrai
, 
Bandna
, 
Tusu festival
, 
Makar Sankranti
, 
Nawakhani
, 
Durga Puja
, 
Jitiya
, 
Manasa Puja
, 
Rath Yatra
, 
Saraswati Puja
, 
Diwali
, 
Holi
, Phagua and the Sendra festival.
[
107
]
Karam festival
 
Sarhul
Durga Puja
Manasa
 in Jharkhand 
Paintings
Sohrai wall painting jharkhand
Sohrai and Khovar painting
 is a mural art form practised by women. Sohrai painting is traditionally done at the 
Sohrai

Sohrai
 harvest festival, while Khovar painting is done at weddings.
[
107
]
Tattoo
The tattoo making tradition of 
Godna
 is an essential part of local tradition.
[
107
]
Cinema
Cinema of Jharkhand
Jharkhand produces many films in regional and Tribal languages including 
Nagpuri
, 
Khortha
, 
Santali
, 
Ho
, and 
Kurukh
.
[
108
]
 The film industry in the state of Jharkhand is known as 
Jhollywood
.
[
109
]
[
110
]
Media
There are some television channels, newspapers, and radio stations which operate in Jharkhand. 
DD Jharkhand
 is an important channel in Jharkhand. 
All India Radio
 operates from Ranchi.
[
111
]
Hindustan
, 
Dainik Jagran
, Sokal Sokal, 
Prabhat Khabar
, and Ranchi Express are some of the Hindi newspapers and 
The Hindu
, 
, 
, 
Navbharat Times
, 
The Pioneer
, and 
The Telegraph

, 
, 
, 
, and 
 are some English newspapers in Jharkhand.
Transport
Airways
Birsa Munda Airport
 is the largest domestic airport in the state with air connectivity to major Indian cities of 
Delhi
, 
Kolkata
, 
Bangalore
, 
Mumbai
, 
Hyderabad
 among others.
[
112
]
Deoghar Airport
 is the second busiest airport located in the state of Jharkhand, 
India
. It is the second operational airport in state of Jharkhand after 
Ranchi
.
[
113
]
Sonari Airport
 at 
 is the third operational airport in the state and it has daily flight to 
Bhubaneswar
 and 
Kolkata
.
Bokaro Airport
 is under 
Steel Authority of India Limited
 and 4th operational airport of the state. It is being developed under 
UDAN
 scheme.
Other airports present in the state are 
Chakulia Airport
, 
Dumka Airport
, 
Giridih Airport
, 
Dhalbhumgarh Airport
 and 
Dhanbad Airport
 which mostly run private and 
charter flights
.
[
114
]
Roadways
Jharkhand has extensive network of 
National Highways
 and 
State Highways
.
[
115

Roadways
 and 
.
[
115
]
 There is 2,661.83 km (1,653 mi 1,733 yd) of paved National Highways in the state as of 2016.
[
115
]
 The National highways present in the state are numbered 
18
, 
19
, 
20
, 
22
, 
33
, 
39
, 
43
, 
114A
, 
118
, 
133
, 
133A
, 
133B
, 
139
, 
143
, 
143A
, 
143AG
, 
143D
, 
143H
, 
218
, 
220
, 
320
, 
320D
, 
320G
, 
333
, 
333A
, 
343
, 
419
 and 
522
.
[
115
]
 The 
Golden Quadrilateral
 network of 
Delhi
 – 
Kolkata
 route runs through Jharkhand notably at Dhanbad.
[
116
]
[
117
]
Ports

route runs through Jharkhand notably at Dhanbad.
[
116
]
[
117
]
Ports
Jharkhand is landlocked state but has numerous rivers and waterways.
[
118
]
 A 
multi-modal port
 has been planned at 
Sahebganj
 where river 
Ganges
 flows.
[
119
]
 The project is estimated to cost 
₹
65,000 million and phase-1 is estimated to be completed by 2019.
[
120
]
Railways
See also: 
Railway stations in Jharkhand
Jharkhand is very well connected by railways. The state has numerous 
railway stations
 and railway junctions.
[
121
]
 
Dhanbad Junction
 is the largest railway station in the state which is connected to 
almost all big cities of India. Hilly regions of state are equipped with
 tunnels that form essential organ of railways.
Ranchi Airport (IXR)
National Highway 20
 near 
View from the 
Sahibganj
 Railway Station
Night View of 
Dhanbad Junction railway station
. (Largest Railway Station in Jharkhand)
Education
As per the 2011 census conducted by 
 the official literacy rate for the state was 66.41% (male: 76.84%; 
female: 55.42%) with nine districts above the average literacy rate:
[
122
]
[
123
]
Ranchi

[
122
]
[
123
]
Ranchi
: 76.06% (male: 84.26%; female: 67.44%)
: 75.49% (male: 83.75%; female: 66.81%)
Dhanbad
: 74.52% (male: 83.81%; Female: 64.29%)
Ramgarh
: 73.17% (male: 82.44%; female: 63.09%)
Bokaro
: 72.01% (male: 82.51%; female: 60.63%)
: 69.75% (male: 80.01%; female: 58.95%)
Simdega
: 67.99% (male: 76.08%; female: 59.92%)
Saraikela Khasawan
: 67.70% (male: 79.03%; female: 55.88%)
Lohardaga
: 67.61% (male: 77.21%; female: 57.69%)
Koderma
: 66.84% (male: 79.78%; female: 53.23%)
Since the formation of the new state, the Jharkhand Education Project
 Council (JEPC) has been implementing four projects to spread elementary
 education: DPEP, SSA, NPEGEL, and KGBV. The state has been moving 
towards the goal of universal elementary education but the target of 
100% enrolment and retention of children in schools has not yet been 
attained.
[
124
]
 Jharkhand has made primary education so accessible that 95% of children
 of ages 6–11 are enrolled in school, as opposed to 56% in 1993–94; this
 will likely improve literacy a great deal.

of ages 6–11 are enrolled in school, as opposed to 56% in 1993–94; this
[
]
Schools
The medium of instruction in schools is 
Hindi
/
English
 with 
English
/
Hindi
/
Sanskrit
/
Bengali
/
Odia
 as second language. After 10 years of schooling, students can join two years of Intermediate course (or +2 courses) in 
Arts
, 
Science
 and 
Commerce
. This is followed by three years of degree courses (graduation) or four years of 
/
/
Medicine
 degree.
The school system comprises various private and public schools. The government schools are abundant. Few notable schools are: 
St. Thomas School, Ranchi
, 
Sainik School Tilaiya
, 
Loyola School, Jamshedpur
, 
Delhi Public School, Bokaro
, 
Delhi Public School, Ranchi
, 
Bishop Westcott Boys' School
, 
Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar
, 
De Nobili School
 and 
St. Xavier's School, Hazaribagh
.
In 2009 
Franz Gastler
 established 
Yuwa School
 a NGO in 
Hutup
 village in Ranchi district with helps of friends to use football as a platform to combat 
child marriage
, 
illiteracy
 and 
human trafficking
 in rural India.
[

, 
 and 
[
125
]
 In 2019, It won the Laureus Sport for Good Award.
[
126
]
See also: 
List of institutions of higher education in Jharkhand
AISECT University, Jharkhand
, Hazaribagh
Arka Jain University
, Jamshedpur
Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University
, Dhanbad
Birsa Agricultural University
, Kanke, Ranchi
Central University of Jharkhand
, Brambe, Ranchi
Jharkhand Rai University
, Ranchi
Jharkhand Raksha Shakti University
, Ranchi
Kolhan University
, Chaibasa
National University of Study and Research in Law
, Ranchi
Nilamber-Pitamber University
, Medininagar
Radha Govind University
, Ramgarh
Ranchi University
, Ranchi
Sarala Birla University
, Ranchi
Sido Kanhu Murmu University
, Dumka
Vinoba Bhave University
Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University
, formerly Ranchi college
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ranchi
Indian Institute of Management Ranchi
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad
National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology
 (NIFFT), Ranchi
National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur
St. Xavier's College, Ranchi

(NIFFT), Ranchi
Xavier Institute of Social Service
 (XISS), Ranchi
Xavier Labour Relations Institute
 (XLRI), Jamshedpur
Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology
, Ranchi
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
, Ranchi
, Ranchi
Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri
, Dhanbad
DAV Institute of Engineering & Technology
, Daltonganj
, Dhanbad
 IIM-Ranchi
XLRI - Xavier School of Management
NSIBM - Netaji Subhas Institute of Hotel & Business Management
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
, Deoghar
Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital
Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College (MGM)
Medini Rai Medical College and Hospital, Palamu
, Palamu
Phulo Jhano Murmu Medical College and Hospital
, Dumka
Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS)
, Ranchi
Shaheed Nirmal Mahto Medical College, Dhanbad
, Dhanbad
Shaheed Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College and Hospital

, Ranchi
, Dhanbad
Central Institute of Psychiatry
, Ranchi
Because of its mild climate, Jharkhand, particularly its capital 
Ranchi, has been a health resort. As far back as 1918, facilities were 
set up for treatment of 
mentally challenged
.
[
127
]
European Mental Hospital was established along with Indian Mental
 Hospital. Today they are called Central Institute of Psychiatry and 
Ranchi Institute of Neuro-psychiatry and Allied Sciences respectively.
In certain areas of Jharkhand, poverty and consequent malnutrition have 
given rise to diseases like 
tuberculosis
 (TB). In fact, TB has assumed 
epidemic
 proportions in certain areas of the state. For management and treatment
 of such TB, Itki TB Sanatorium, Ranchi, established in 1928 has been 
doing work as a premier institute for clinical and programmatic 
management of TB. The Itki TB Sanatorium is well equipped and accredited
 by the Indian government for quality assurance and Culture and Drug 
Sensitivity Testing for M.TB. It provides free of cost treatment for TB 
as well as drug-resistant TB. Likewise, in the field of treatment of 
cancer, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur,
[
128
]
 is rendering pioneering work. In the same way, Bokaro General Hospital 
equipped with modern facilities for the treatment of cancer and 
heart-related problems with the capacity of 1100 beds one of the largest
 in eastern India.
Although several public and private health facilities are 
available in the state, overall infrastructure for dispensing health

in eastern India.
available in the state, overall infrastructure for dispensing health 
related services require improvements. An exception is the Tata Motors 
Hospital which is an example of an ISO 14001 and 18001 certified 
hospital with DNB teaching facilities.
[
]
Ranchi, the capital, has witnessed a sharp growth in the number of hospitals.
Fluoride
 in groundwater presents a public health problem in Jharkhand. A recent survey led by the 
Birla Institute of Technology
, Mesra, Ranchi in collaboration with 
UNICEF
 in the northwest districts of 
Palamau
 and 
Garhwa
 found fluoride levels above the drinking 
WHO
 drinking water guidelines.
[
129
]
 Excessive amounts of fluoride in drinking water can lead to 
dental fluorosis
, prevalent bone fractures, and 
skeletal fluorosis
, an irreversible disabling condition.
[
130
]
 Some work has focused on combating fluorosis through increased calcium intake by consuming local plants.
[
131
]
 Researchers at 
Princeton University
 and the Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi are currently 
investigating defluoridation options, while performing an 
epidemiological survey to assess the extent of fluoride linked health 
problems and the impact of future interventions.
[
132
]
[
133
]
Almost 80% of Jharkhand's people are farmers, although it 
contains 40% of India's mineral reserves it has some of India's poorest

133
]
contains 40% of India's mineral reserves it has some of India's poorest 
people, in Summer 2009 the state was threatened by drought, with people 
criticising the government for not providing food aid or assistance.
[
134
]
Sports
JRD TATA Sports Complex, Jamshedpur
 hosts football matches of 
 and is the home of ISL based football club 
Jamshedpur FC
.
Cricket
, 
hockey
, and 
football
 are common games in Jharkhand. Players like 
Jaipal Singh
, a former Indian hockey captain and 
Olympian
 and 
Manohar Topno
 currently play for the 
Indian Hockey team
. 
 was the captain of the hockey team that won the first gold medal for India in the 
1928 Summer Olympics
 in 
Amsterdam
. 
 who was the captain of 
 and led the 
 to 
 glory on 2 April 2011, ending a 28-year wait to repeat the feat achieved by former Indian captain 
Kapil Dev
 in 1983 at 
Lord's, England
 is from here.
[
135
]
Other notable cricketers from Jharkhand are 
Varun Aaron
, 
Shahbaz Nadeem
, and 
Saurabh Tiwary
. He was one of the key batsmen in the Indian team that won the 
2008 U/19 Cricket World Cup

, and 
 in 
Malaysia
. Other sportspeople include 
, a young archer who won gold medal in the 2010 Commonwealth games in the women's individual recurve event. 
Nikki Pradhan
 currently a member of the 
national hockey team
. Pradhan was the first female hockey player from Jharkhand to represent India in the 
Olympics
.
An 
International Cricket stadium with an indoor stadium
 and a practice ground has been constructed. This international stadium 
has hosted an International match between India and England on 19 
January 2013.
[
136
]
 Apart from that, this stadium has hosted two 
IPL 6
 matches for 
KKR
 and qualifier 2 of 
IPL 8
 between 
CSK
 and 
RCB
 and Celebrity Cricket League Matches for Bhojpuri Dabanggs. A tennis academy, which was inaugurated by 
 and 
Shoaib Malik
, also runs besides the cricket stadium.
[
137
]
 Ranchi is among six cities in 
 to be played in January 2013. Ranchi franchise was bought by Patel-Uniexcel Group and the team named 
Ranchi Rhinos
 which is now being co-hosted by Mahendra Singh Dhoni and named as 
.
[
138
]
Aerial view of 
Keenan Stadium
 in Jamshedpur
JRD Tata Sports Complex
Tourism
Main article:

138
]
Tourism
Tourism in Jharkhand
Jharkhand is known for its waterfalls, hills and holy places.
[
139
]
[
10
]
 
Parasnath
, 
, 
Maa Dewri Temple
 and 
Chhinnamasta Temple
 are major religious places.
[
140
]
[
141
]
Tattapani Hot Water Spring is located 8 km from 
Latehar
.
 The hot spring water come out from different places on the Sukari River
 bed. Rich in sulphur, the hot spring is believed to have medicinal 
properties and good for skin.
[
142
]
Itkhori
 is a holy place for Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. It is believed to be the place from where 
Gautama Buddha
 started his journey for 
Bodh Gaya
. Many sculptures of Hindu, Jain and Buddhist art styles were found in 2018.
[
143
]
[
144
]
 
Rankini Temple
 of 
Jadugora
 is famous in Jharkhand, as well as in Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar.
[
145
]
[
146
]
 There are several waterfalls in the state including 
Jonha Falls
, 
Hundru Falls
,

[
146
]
, 
, 
, 
Perwaghagh Falls
 and 
Panchghagh Falls
.
[
147
]
[
148
]
[
149
]
 
Netarhat
 is a hill station in the state.
[
150
]
[
151
]
[
152
]
There are several wildlife sanctuaries and national park in Jharkhand including 
 and 
, which are major attraction for tourists.
[
153
]
[
154
]
[
155
]
[
156
]
State Museum Hotwar
 and 
Tribal Research Institute and Museum
 showcase various cultural heritage and tribal culture of Jharkhand.
[
157
]
[
158
]
The ancient 
Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple
 in 
Deoghar
Jain temple at Samet Shikharji, the place from where twenty 
Tirthankars
 attained nirvana
Netarhat
See also
List of people from Jharkhand
Political families of Jharkhand
JSCA International Stadium Complex
Portals
:

See also
Portals
:
 
India
 
Asia
 
Geography
Footnotes
^
 
Other languages clubbed within the Hindi group of languages by the Indian census
^
 
2011 census of India
, Jharkhand has 42,35,786 individuals who follow "Other religions and persuasions".
[
83
]
 The major religion is 
Sarna
, with 41,31,282 adherents. The 
Oraon tribe
 has the highest number of followers at 10,00,016, followed by the 
Santal
 at 9,76,742, 
Ho
 at 8,68,133, 
Munda
 at 6,00,910, Lohar at 84,019, and 
Bhumij
 at 77,319.
[
84
]
 Similarly religion 
Addi Bassi
 has 42,422 adherents, primarily among the Oraon tribe (35,452).
[
84
]
 Other religious denominations among the 
Scheduled Tribes
 include 
Bidin
 (29,187), 
Adi
 (9,135), 
Gond
 (2,419) and 
Birsa
 (2,392). The remaining "Other religions and persuasions" are 
Munda, Ho, Oraon, Achinthar, Kharwar, Paharia, Sarvdharm, Krupa, Dupub, Malla,

Munda, Ho, Oraon, Achinthar, Kharwar, Paharia, Sarvdharm, Krupa, Dupub, Malla, 
Tana Bhagat
, 
Marangboro
, Saranath, Kuir, Loco Bohra,
 and 
Nature worship
 practised by various tribes. In summary, 
Sarna
 ranks as the third-largest religion with 12.4997%, while 
Addi Bassi, Bidin, Adi, Gond
 and 
Birsa
 hold the sixth, seventh, tenth, eleventh and twelfth positions, 
respectively, with percentages of 0.1286%, 0.0885%, 0.0277%, 0.0073% and
 0.0073% of the state's population.
[
85
]
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Contents
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(Top)
1
History
1.1
Prudential World Cups (1975–1983)
1.2
Different champions (1987–1996)
1.3
Australian treble (1999–2007)
1.4
Hosts triumph (2011–2019)
1.5
Australian resurgence (2023)
2
Format
Toggle Format subsection
2.1
Qualification
2.2
Tournament
3
Trophy
4
Media coverage
5
Attendance
6
Selection of hosts
7
Results
8
Tournament summary
Toggle Tournament summary subsection
8.1
Teams' performances
8.2
Debutant teams
8.3
Overview
9
Other results

8.1
8.2
8.3
Overview
9
Toggle Other results subsection
9.1
Results of host teams
9.2
Results of defending champions
10
Tournament records
Toggle Tournament records subsection
10.1
By tournament
11
See also
12
12.1
Sources
13
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International cricket tournament
This article is about the men's 50 over tournament. For the women's equivalent tournament, see 
Women's Cricket World Cup
. For the Test tournament, see 
ICC World Test Championship
. For the "mini World Cup", see 
. For the T20 tournament, see 
.
Cricket tournament
Administrator
International Cricket Council
 (ICC)
Format
One Day International
First edition
1975
 
England
Latest edition
2023
 
India
Next edition
2027
 
Zimbabwe
 
Namibia
Number of teams
14
Current champion
 
Australia
 (6th title)
Most successful
 
Australia
 (6 titles)
Most runs
 
 (2,278)
[
1
]
Most wickets
 
Glenn McGrath
 (71)
[
2
]
Website
cricketworldcup
.com
Longest continuous champion
 
Australia

[
2
]
Website
.com
 
Australia
 (3 times – 
1999
, 
2003
, 
2007
)
 
2027 Cricket World Cup
Tournaments
1975
1979
1983
1987
1992
1996
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
2027
2031
The 
 (officially known as 
ICC Men's Cricket World Cup
)
[
3
]
 is the quadrennial 
international championship
 of 
 (ODI) 
cricket
. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, the 
 (ICC), every four years, with preliminary qualification rounds leading up to a finals tournament. The tournament is one of the 
world's most viewed sporting events
 and considered the "flagship event of the international cricket calendar" by the ICC.
[
4
]
 It is widely considered the pinnacle championship of the sport of 
cricket
.
The 
first Cricket World Cup
 was organised in England in June 1975, with the first ODI cricket match
 having been played only four years earlier. However, a separate 
 had been held two years before the first men's tournament, and a 
tournament involving multiple international teams had been held as early
 as 1912, when a 
triangular tournament
 of

had been held two years before the first men's tournament, and a 
 of 
Test matches
 was played between 
Australia
, 
England
 and 
. The first three World Cups were held in England. From the 
1987 tournament
 onwards, hosting has been shared between countries under an 
unofficial rotation system
, with fourteen ICC members having hosted at least one match in the tournament.
The current format involves a 
qualification phase
,
 which takes place over the preceding three years, to determine which 
teams qualify for the tournament phase. In the tournament phase, 10 
teams, including the automatically qualifying host nation, compete for 
the title at venues within the host nation over about a month. In the 
2027 edition, the format will be changed to accommodate an expanded 
14-team final competition.
[
5
]
A total of 
twenty teams
 have competed in the 13 editions of the tournament, with ten teams competing in the 
recent 2023 tournament
. 
Australia
 has won the tournament six times, 
India
 and 
 twice each, while 
Pakistan
, 
Sri Lanka
 and 
England
 have won it once each. The best performance by a non-full-member team came when 
Kenya
 made the semi-finals of the 
2003 tournament
.
Australia
 are the current champions after winning the 
2023 World Cup
 in India. The subsequent 
2027 World Cup
 will be held jointly in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia.
History
[

History
[
edit
]
Men's Cricket World Cup winners
Year
Champions
1975
 
1979
 
(2)
1983
 
India
 
1987
 
Australia
 
1992
 
Pakistan
 
1996
 
Sri Lanka
 
1999
 
Australia
 
(2)
2003
 
Australia
 
(3)
2007
 
Australia
 
(4)
2011
 
India
 
(2)
2015
 
Australia
 
(5)
2019
 
England
 
2023
 
Australia
 
(6)
History of the Cricket World Cup
The 
first international cricket match
 was played between Canada and the United States, on 24 and 25 September 1844.
[
6
]
 However, the first credited 
Test match
 was played in 1877 between 
Australia
 and 
England
, and the two teams competed regularly for 
The Ashes
 in subsequent years. 
 was admitted to Test status in 1889.

England
The Ashes
[
7
]
 Representative cricket teams were selected to 
tour
 each other, resulting in bilateral competition. Cricket was also included as an 
Olympic
 sport at the 
1900 Paris Games
, where 
Great Britain
 defeated 
France
 to win the 
gold medal
.
[
8
]
 This was the only appearance of cricket at the 
Summer Olympics
.
[
9
]
The first multilateral competition at international level was the 
1912 Triangular Tournament
,
 a Test cricket tournament played in England between all three 
Test-playing nations at the time: England, Australia and South Africa. 
The event was not a success: the summer was exceptionally wet, making 
play difficult on damp uncovered pitches, and crowd attendances were 
poor, attributed to a "surfeit of cricket".
[
10
]
 Since then, international Test cricket has generally been organised as 
bilateral series: a multilateral Test tournament was not organised again
 until the triangular 
Asian Test Championship
 in 1999.
[
11
]
The number of nations playing Test cricket increased gradually over time, with the addition of 
 in 1928,
[
12
]
 
 in 1930,
[
13
]
 
India
 in 1932,
[
14
]

in 1930,
[
13
]
 
India
 in 1932,
[
14
]
 and 
Pakistan
 in 1952.
[
15
]
 However, international cricket continued to be played as bilateral Test matches over three, four or five days.
In the early 1960s, English 
county cricket
 teams began playing a shortened version of cricket which only lasted for one day. Starting in 
1962
 with a four-team 
knockout competition
 known as the Midlands Knock-Out Cup,
[
16
]
 and continuing with the inaugural 
Gillette Cup
 in 
1963
, 
one-day cricket
 grew in popularity in England. A national 
Sunday League
 was formed in 
1969
.
 The first One-Day International match was played on the fifth day of a 
rain-aborted Test match between England and Australia at Melbourne in 
1971
, to fill the time available and as compensation for the frustrated crowd. It was a forty 
over
 game with eight balls per over.
[
17
]
 The success and popularity of the domestic one-day competitions in 
England and other parts of the world, as well as the early One-Day 
Internationals, prompted the ICC to consider organizing a Cricket World 
Cup.
[
18
]
[
edit
]
1975 Cricket World Cup
, 
1979 Cricket World Cup
, and 
1983 Cricket World Cup

edit
]
, 
, and 
The Prudential Cup trophy
The 
inaugural Cricket World Cup
 was hosted in 1975 by England, the only nation able to put forward the 
resources to stage an event of such magnitude at the time. The first 
three tournaments were held in England and officially known as the 
Prudential Cup after the sponsors 
Prudential plc
. The matches consisted of 60 six-ball overs per team, played during daytime in the traditional form, with the players wearing 
cricket whites
 and using red 
cricket balls
.
[
19
]
Eight teams participated in the first tournament: Australia, England, 
India
, 
, Pakistan, and the 
 (the six Test nations at the time), together with Sri Lanka and a composite team from 
East Africa
.
[
20
]
 One notable omission was 
, who were 
banned from international cricket
 due to 
apartheid
. The tournament was won by the West Indies, who defeated Australia by 17 
runs
 in the final at 
Lord's
.
[
20
]
 Roy Fredricks of West Indies was the first batsmen who got hit-wicket in ODI during the 1975 World Cup final.
[
21
]
The 
1979 World Cup
 saw the introduction of the 
ICC Trophy
 competition to select non-Test playing teams for the World Cup,
[
22

ICC Trophy
[
22
]
 with Sri Lanka and 
Canada
 qualifying.
[
23
]
 The West Indies won a second consecutive World Cup tournament, 
defeating the hosts England by 92 runs in the final. At a meeting which 
followed the World Cup, the International Cricket Conference agreed to 
make the competition a quadrennial event.
[
23
]
The 
1983 event
 was hosted by England for a third consecutive time. By this stage, Sri Lanka had become a Test-playing nation, and 
Zimbabwe
 qualified through the ICC Trophy. A 
fielding circle
 was introduced, 30 yards (27 m) away from the 
stumps
. Four 
fieldsmen
 needed to be inside it at all times.
[
24
]
 The teams faced each other twice, before moving into the knock-outs. 
India
  was crowned champions after upsetting the West Indies by 43 runs in the final.
[
18
]
[
25
]
[
edit
]
1987 Cricket World Cup
, 
1992 Cricket World Cup
, and 
1996 Cricket World Cup
India and Pakistan jointly hosted the 
,
 the first time that the competition was held outside England. The games
 were reduced from 60 to 50 overs per innings, the current standard, 
because of the shorter daylight hours in the 
Indian subcontinent

the first time that the competition was held outside England. The games
 compared with England's summer.
[
26
]
 Australia won the championship by defeating England by 7 runs in the 
final, the closest margin in the World Cup final until the 2019 edition 
between England and New Zealand.
[
27
]
[
28
]
The 
1992 World Cup
, held in Australia and New Zealand, introduced many changes to the game, such as coloured clothing, white balls, 
day/night
 matches, and a change to the fielding restriction rules. The South 
African cricket team participated in the event for the first time, 
following the fall of the apartheid regime and the end of the 
international sports boycott
.
[
29
]
 Pakistan overcame a dismal start in the tournament to eventually defeat England by 22 runs in the final and emerge as winners.
[
30
]
The 
1996 championship
 was held in the Indian subcontinent for a second time, with the 
inclusion of Sri Lanka as host for some of its group stage matches.
[
31
]
 In the semi-final, Sri Lanka, heading towards a crushing victory over India at 
Eden Gardens
 after the hosts lost eight 
wickets
 while scoring 120 runs in pursuit of 252, were awarded victory by 
default after crowd unrest broke out in protest against the Indian 
performance.
[
32
]
 Sri Lanka went on to win their maiden championship by defeating Australia by seven wickets in the final at 
Lahore
.
[

[
32
]
Lahore
.
[
33
]
[
edit
]
1999 Cricket World Cup
, 
2003 Cricket World Cup
, and 
In 1999, the 
event
 was hosted by England, with some matches also being held in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and the Netherlands.
[
34
]
[
35
]
 Twelve teams contested the World Cup. Australia qualified for the 
semi-finals after reaching their target in their Super 6 match against 
South Africa off the final over of the match.
[
36
]
 They then proceeded to the final with a tied match in the semi-final 
also against South Africa where a mix-up between South African batsmen 
Lance Klusener
 and 
Allan Donald
 saw Donald drop his bat and stranded mid-pitch to be 
run out
.
 In the final, Australia dismissed Pakistan for 132 and then reached the
 target in less than 20 overs and with eight wickets in hand.
[
37
]
A crowd of over 10,000 fans welcome the Australian team on completing the first World Cup 
hat-trick
 – 
Martin Place
, Sydney.
South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya hosted the 
2003 World Cup
. The number of teams participating in the event increased from twelve to fourteen. 
Kenya
's
 victories over Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe, among others – and a

Kenya
's
 victories over Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe, among others – and a 
forfeit by the New Zealand team, which refused to play in Kenya because 
of security concerns – enabled Kenya to reach the semi-finals, the 
best result by an associate.
[
38
]
 In the final, Australia made 359 runs for the loss of two wickets, the 
largest ever total in a final, defeating India by 125 runs.
[
39
]
[
40
]
In 
2007
, the tournament was hosted by the 
 and expanded to sixteen teams.
[
41
]
 Following Pakistan's upset loss to World Cup debutants Ireland in the group stage, Pakistani coach 
Bob Woolmer
 was found dead in his hotel room.
[
42
]
 Jamaican police had initially launched a murder investigation into 
Woolmer's death but later confirmed that he died of heart failure.
[
43
]
 Australia defeated Sri Lanka in the final by 53 runs 
(D/L)
 in farcical light conditions, and extended their undefeated run in the 
World Cup to 29 matches and winning three straight championships.
[
44
]
[
edit
]
, 
, and 
Autographed bat of the World Cup winning captains till 2015 at the 
Blades of Glory Museum
, Pune, India

, and 
India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh together hosted the 
2011 World Cup
. Pakistan was stripped of its hosting rights following the 
terrorist attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team in 2009
, with the games originally scheduled for Pakistan redistributed to the other host countries.
[
45
]
 The number of teams participating in the World Cup was reduced to fourteen.
[
46
]
 Australia lost their final group stage match against Pakistan on 19 
March 2011, ending an unbeaten streak of 35 World Cup matches, which had
 begun on 23 May 1999.
[
47
]
 India won their second World Cup title by beating Sri Lanka by 6 
wickets in the final at Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai, where the Indian 
captain M.S. Dhoni along with the spinning all-rounder Yuvraj Singh 
chased 275 with notable performances from Gautam Gambhir and Virat 
Kohli, making India the first country to win the World Cup at home.
[
46
]
 This was also the first time that two Asian countries faced each other in a World Cup Final.
[
48
]
Australia and New Zealand jointly hosted the 
2015 World Cup
.
 The number of participants remained at fourteen. Ireland was the most 
successful Associate nation with a total of three wins in the 
tournament. New Zealand beat South Africa in a thrilling first 
semi-final to qualify for their maiden World Cup final. Australia 
defeated New Zealand by seven wickets in the final at Melbourne to lift 
the World Cup for the fifth time.
[
49
]

[
49
]
England perform a lap of honour around Lord's after their victory on 14 July 2019.
The 
2019 World Cup
 was hosted by England and Wales. The number of participants was reduced
 to 10. New Zealand defeated India in the first semi-final, which was 
pushed over to the reserve day due to rain.
[
50
]
 England defeated the defending champions, Australia, in the second 
semi-final. Neither finalist had previously won the World Cup. In the 
final
, the scores were tied at 241 after 50 overs and the match went to a 
super over
,
 after which the scores were again tied at 15. The World Cup was won by 
England, whose boundary count was greater than New Zealand's.
[
51
]
[
52
]
[
edit
]
2023 Cricket World Cup
The 2023 Cricket World Cup was hosted by India. Ten teams 
participated, including The Netherlands, which returned to the 
tournament after a 12-year absence. The tournament was structured as a 
single group 
round-robin
, with the top four advancing to the semi-final 
knockout
 stage. India were unbeaten in the group stage and defeated New Zealand 
to advance to the final; Australia lost twice during the group stage 
before defeating South Africa in the semi-finals. Afghanistan had their 
most successful World Cup, with four wins during the group stage, 
including over defending champions England; they also came close to 
defeating Australia before 
Glenn Maxwell
's

's
 double century turned the match around. In the final, Australia 
defeated the 10-match unbeaten India to clinch their 6th World Cup.
Format
[
edit
]
[
edit
]
Cricket World Cup qualification
From the first World Cup in 1975 up to the 2019 World Cup, the 
majority of teams taking part qualified automatically. Until the 2015 
World Cup this was mostly through having 
Full Membership of the ICC
, and for the 2019 World Cup this was mostly through ranking position in the 
ICC ODI Championship
.
[
53
]
Since the second World Cup in 1979 up to the 2019 World Cup, the 
teams that qualified automatically were joined by a small number of 
others who qualified for the World Cup through the qualification 
process. The first qualifying tournament being the 
ICC Trophy
;
[
54
]
 later the process expanding with pre-qualifying tournaments. For the 2011 World Cup, the 
ICC World Cricket League
 replaced the past pre-qualifying processes; and the name "ICC Trophy" was changed to "
ICC Men's Cricket World Cup Qualifier
".
[
55
]
 The World Cricket League was the qualification system provided to allow the 
Associate
 and 
Affiliate
 members of the ICC more opportunities to qualify. The number of teams qualifying varied throughout the years.
[
56
]
From the 
 onwards, only the host nation(s) will qualify automatically. All

[
56
]
From the 
 onwards, only the host nation(s) will qualify automatically. All 
countries will participate in a series of leagues to determine 
qualification, with automatic 
promotion and relegation
 between divisions from one World Cup cycle to the next.
[
57
]
[
edit
]
Autographs of the winning teams of each edition of the tournament at the 
, Pune, India.
The format of the Cricket World Cup has changed greatly over the 
course of its history. Each of the first four tournaments was played by 
eight teams, divided into two groups of four.
[
58
]
 The competition consisted of two stages, a group stage and a 
knock-out
 stage. The four teams in each group played each other in the 
 group stage, with the top two teams in each group progressing to the 
semi-finals. The winners of the semi-finals played against each other in
 the final. With South Africa returning in the fifth tournament in 1992 
as a result of the end of the apartheid boycott, nine teams played each 
other once in the group phase, and the top four teams progressed to the 
semi-finals.
[
59
]
 The tournament was further expanded in 1996, with two groups of six teams.
[
60
]
 The top four teams from each group progressed to quarter-finals and semi-finals.
[
61
]
A distinct format was used for the 
1999
 and 
2003
 World Cups. The teams were split into two pools, with the top three teams in each pool advancing to the

1999
 and 
2003
 World Cups. The teams were split into two pools, with the top three teams in each pool advancing to the 
Super 6
.
[
62
]
 The 
Super 6
 teams played the three other teams that advanced from the other group. 
As they advanced, the teams carried their points forward from previous 
matches against other teams advancing alongside them, giving them an 
incentive to perform well in the group stages.
[
62
]
 The top four teams from the 
Super 6
 stage progressed to the semi-finals, with the winners playing in the final.
[
63
]
[
64
]
The captains of the 2007 Cricket World Cup.
The format used in the 
2007 World Cup
 involved 16 teams allocated into four groups of four.
[
65
]
 Within each group, the teams played each other in a round-robin format.
 Teams earned points for wins and half-points for ties. The top two 
teams from each group moved forward to the 
Super 8
 round. The 
Super 8
 teams played the other six teams that progressed from the different 
groups. Teams earned points in the same way as the group stage, but 
carried their points forward from previous matches against the other 
teams who qualified from the same group to the 
Super 8
 stage.
[
66
]
Super 8
 round advanced to the semi-finals, and the winners of the semi-finals played in the final.
[
67
]
The format used in the

round advanced to the semi-finals, and the winners of the semi-finals played in the final.
[
67
]
2011
 and 
2015
[
68
]
 World Cups featured two groups of seven teams, each playing in a 
round-robin format
.
 The top four teams from each group proceeded to the knock out stage 
consisting of quarter-finals, semi-finals and ultimately the final.
[
69
]
In the 
2019
 and 
2023
 editions of the tournament, the number of teams participating dropped 
to 10. Each team is scheduled to play against each other once in a round
 robin format, before entering the semifinals,
[
70
]
 a similar format to the 
. The 2027 and 2031 World Cups will have 14 teams, with the format same as the 2003 edition.
[
71
]
[
72
]
Summary of tournament formats
#
Year
Host(s)
Teams
Matches
Preliminary stage
Final stage
1
1975
 
England
8
15
2 groups of 4 teams: 12 matches
Knock-out of 4 teams (group winners and runners-up): 3 matches
2
1979
3
1983
 
England
 
Wales
27
2 groups of 4 teams: 24 matches
4
1987
 
India
 
Pakistan
5

27
4
1987
 
India
 
Pakistan
5
1992
 
Australia
 
9
39
1 group of 9 teams: 36 matches
Knock-out of 4 teams (top 4 in group): 3 matches
6
1996
 
India
 
Pakistan
 
Sri Lanka
12
37
2 groups of 6 teams: 30 matches
Knock-out of 8 teams (top 4 in each group): 7 matches
7
1999
 
England
 
Scotland
 
Wales
 
Ireland
 
Netherlands
42
Super Sixes (top 3 in each group): 9 matches
Knock-out of 4 teams (top 4 in Super Sixes): 3 matches
8
2003
 
Zimbabwe
 
Kenya
14
54
2 groups of 7 teams: 42 matches
9
2007
 
16
51
4 groups of 4 teams: 24 matches
Super Eights (top 2 in each group): 24 matches
Knock-out of 4 teams (top 4 in Super Eights): 3 matches
10
2011
 
India
 
Sri Lanka
 
14
49

India
 
Sri Lanka
 
14
49
11
2015
 
Australia
 
12
2019
 
England
 
Wales
10
48
1 group of 10 teams: 45 matches
13
2023
 
India
14
2027
 
Zimbabwe
 
Namibia
14
54
15
2031
 
India
 
Trophy
[
edit
]
The 
Cricket World Cup Trophy
.
The 
ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy
 is presented to the winners of the World Cup. The current trophy was 
created for the 1999 championships, and was the first permanent prize in
 the tournament's history. Prior to this, different trophies were made 
for each World Cup.
[
73
]
 Before introducing the permanent ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy in 1999, individual trophies were designed and 
awarded
 for each edition of the 
tournament
.

]
awarded
.
 For example, the Prudential Cup trophies were used for the first three 
editions (1975, 1979, and 1983) when Prudential plc was the sponsor. 
Similarly, subsequent tournaments used different designs until the 
permanent 
trophy
 was introduced. This shift to a permanent design was intended to establish a consistent and iconic representation of the 
World Cup
's legacy. The trophy was designed and produced in London by a team of craftsmen from 
Garrard & Co
 over a period of two months.
[
74
]
[
75
]
The current trophy is made from silver and 
gilt
, and features a golden globe held up by three silver columns. The columns, shaped as 
stumps
 and 
bails
, represent the three fundamental aspects of cricket: 
batting
, 
bowling
 and 
fielding
, while the globe characterises a 
cricket ball
.
[
76
]
 The seam is tilted to symbolize the 
axial tilt
 of the Earth. It stands 60 centimetres (24 in) high and weighs 
approximately 11 kilograms (24 lb). The names of the previous 
winners are 
engraved
 on the base of the trophy, with space for a total of twenty 
inscriptions. The ICC keeps the original trophy. A replica differing 
only in the inscriptions is permanently awarded to the winning team.
[
77
]
[
edit
]

[
77
]
[
edit
]
The tournament is one of the world's most-viewed sporting events,
[
78
]
[
79
]
[
80
]
 and successive tournaments have generated increasing media attention as
 One-Day International cricket has become more established.
[
dubious
 – 
discuss
]
 The 
 was 
televised
 in over 200 countries to over 2.2 billion viewers.
[
74
]
[
81
]
[
better source needed
]
[
dubious
 – 
discuss
]
 
Television rights
, mainly for the 2011 and 2015 World Cup, were sold for over US$1.1 billion,
[
82
]
 and sponsorship rights were sold for a further US$500 million.
[
83
]
 The ICC claimed a total of 1.6 billion viewers for the 2019 World 
Cup as well as 4.6 billion views of digital video of the 
tournament.
[
84
]
 The most-watched match of the tournament was the group game between 
India
 and 
Pakistan
, which was watched by more than 300 million people live.
[
85
]
[
edit
]
Year
Hosts

[
85
]
[
edit
]
Year
Hosts
Total Attendance
2003
South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya
626,845
[
86
]
2007
672,000
[
87
]
[
88
]
2011
India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh
1,229,826
[
87
]
[
89
]
2015
Australia, New Zealand
1,106,420
[
87
]
[
90
]
2019
England & Wales
752,000
[
91
]
2023
India
1,250,307
[
92
]
[
edit
]
Cricket World Cup hosts
The International Cricket Council's executive committee votes for the
 hosts of the tournament after examining the bids made by the nations 
keen to hold a Cricket World Cup.
[
93
]
1975
,
1979
,
1983
,
1999
,
2019
1987
,
1996
,
2011
,
2023
,
2031
1987

1987
,
1996
,
2011
,
2023
,
2031
1987
,
1996
2011
,
2031
1996
,
2011
2007
1992
,
2015
1992
,
2015
2003
2003
,
2027
2003
,
2027
2027
class=notpageimage| 
Host countries of Cricket World Cup
A 
civic centre
 lit up to mark the 
 in 
 
England hosted the first three competitions. The ICC decided that 
England should host the first tournament because it was ready to devote 
the resources required to organising the inaugural event.
[
94
]
 India volunteered to host the third Cricket World Cup, but most ICC 
members preferred England as the longer period of daylight in England in
 June meant that a match could be completed in one day.
[
95
]
 The 
 was held in India and Pakistan, the first hosted outside England.
[
96
]
Many of the tournaments have been jointly hosted by nations from 
the same geographical region, such as South Asia in 1987, 1996 and 2011,
 
Australasia
 (in Australia and New Zealand) in 1992 and 2015, Southern Africa in 2003 and 
 in 2007.
In November 2021, ICC published the name of the hosts for ICC

(in Australia and New Zealand) in 1992 and 2015, Southern Africa in 2003 and 
 in 2007.
In November 2021, ICC published the name of the hosts for ICC 
events to be played between 2024 and 2031 cycle. The hosts for the 
50-over World Cup along with T20 World Cup and Champions Trophy were 
selected through a competitive bidding process.
[
97
]
[
98
]
Results
[
edit
]
List of Cricket World Cup finals
Ed.
Year
Host(s)
Final venue
Final
Teams
Winner
Result
Runner-up
1
1975
 
England
Lord's
, 
London
291/8 (60 overs)
West Indies won by 17 runs
(scorecard)
Australia
274 all out (58.4 overs)
8
2
1979
 
England
Lord's
, 
London
286/9 (60 overs)
West Indies won by 92 runs
England
194 all out (51 overs)
8
3
1983
 
England
 
Wales
Lord's
, 
London
India
183 all out (54.4 overs)
India won by 43 runs
140 all out (52 overs)
8
4

8
4
1987
 
India
 
Pakistan
, 
Kolkata
Australia
253/5 (50 overs)
Australia won by 7 runs
England
246/8 (50 overs)
8
5
1992
 
Australia
 
Melbourne Cricket Ground
, 
Melbourne
Pakistan
249/6 (50 overs)
Pakistan won by 22 runs
England
227 all out (49.2 overs)
9
6
1996
 
Pakistan
 
India
 
Sri Lanka
Gaddafi Stadium
, 
Lahore
Sri Lanka
245/3 (46.2 overs)
Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets
Australia
241/7 (50 overs)
12
7
1999
 
England
 
[
a
]
 
Scotland
 
Wales
 
Ireland
 
Lord's
, 
London
Australia
133/2 (20.1 overs)
Australia won by 8 wickets
Pakistan
132 all out (39 overs)
12
8
2003

Pakistan
12
8
2003
 
[
b
]
 
Zimbabwe
 
Kenya
Wanderers Stadium
, 
Australia
359/2 (50 overs)
Australia won by 125 runs
India
234 all out (39.2 overs)
14
9
2007
 
[
c
]
Kensington Oval
, 
Bridgetown
Australia
281/4 (38 overs)
Australia won by 53 runs (D/L)
Sri Lanka
215/8 (36 overs)
16
10
2011
 
India
 
Sri Lanka
 
, 
Mumbai
India
277/4 (48.2 overs)
India won by 6 wickets
Sri Lanka
274/6 (50 overs)
14
11
2015
 
Australia
 
, 
Melbourne
Australia
186/3 (33.1 overs)
Australia won by 7 wickets
183 all out (45 overs)
14
12
2019

14
12
2019
 
England
 
Wales
Lord's
, 
London
England
241 all out (50 overs)
15/0 (
super over
)
24 fours, 2 sixes
Match Tied 
 (England won on boundaries countback)
241/8 (50 overs)
15/1 (
super over
)
14 fours, 3 sixes
10
13
2023
 
India
Narendra Modi Stadium
, 
Ahmedabad
Australia
241/4 (43 overs)
Australia won by 6 wickets
India
240 all out (50 overs)
10
14
2027
 
Zimbabwe
 
Namibia
14
15
2031
 
India
 
14
Notes
^
 
England was the sole designated host, but matches were also played in Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, Scotland and Wales.
^
 
 was the sole designated main host, but matches were also played in Zimbabwe and Kenya.
^
 
Eight member countries of the 
West Indies Cricket Federation
 hosted matches – Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Guyana,

^
 
 hosted matches – Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, 
Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago.
[
edit
]
Twenty nations have qualified for the Cricket World Cup at least 
once. Six teams have competed in every tournament, five of which have 
won the title.
[
18
]
 The 
 won the first two tournaments, 
Australia
 has won six, 
India
 has won two, while 
Pakistan
, 
Sri Lanka
 and 
England
 have each won once. The West Indies (
1975
 and 
1979
) and Australia (
1999
, 
2003
 and 
2007
) are the only teams to have won consecutive titles.
[
18
]
 Australia has played in eight of the thirteen finals (
1975
, 
1987
, 
1996
, 
1999
, 
2003
, 
2007
, 
2015
 and 
2023
). 
 has yet to win the World Cup, but has been runners-up two times (
2015
 and 
2019
). The best result by a non-Test playing nation is the semi-final appearance by 
Kenya
 in the 
2003
 tournament; while the best result by a non-Test playing team on their debut is the Super 8 (second round) by

Kenya
 in the 
2003
 tournament; while the best result by a non-Test playing team on their debut is the Super 8 (second round) by 
Ireland
 in 
2007
.
[
18
]
Sri Lanka, as a co-host of the 
1996 World Cup
, was the first host to win the tournament, though the final was held in Pakistan.
[
18
]
 India won in 2011 as host and was the first team to win a final played in their own country.
[
99
]
 Australia and England repeated the feat in 2015 and 2019 respectively.
[
49
]
 Other than this, England made it to the final as a host in 
1979
.
 Other countries which have achieved or equalled their best World Cup 
results while co-hosting the tournament are New Zealand as finalists in 
2015, Zimbabwe who reached the Super Six in 2003, and Kenya as 
semi-finalists in 2003.
[
18
]
 In 1987, co-hosts India and Pakistan both reached the semi-finals, but were eliminated by England and Australia respectively.
[
18
]
 Australia in 1992, England in 1999, South Africa in 2003, and 
Bangladesh in 2011 have been host teams that were eliminated in the 
first round.
[
100
]
[
edit
]
An overview of the teams' performances in every World Cup is given 
below. For each tournament, the number of teams in each finals 
tournament (in brackets) are shown.
No. of teams/
Seasons
Host(s)
Team

Seasons
Host(s)
Team
(8)
1975
(8)
1979
(8)
1983
(8)
1987
(9)
1992
(12)
1996
(12)
1999
(14)
2003
(16)
2007
(14)
2011
(14)
2015
(10)
2019
(10)
2023
(14)
2027
Apps.
 
GP
10th
6th
3
 
Australia
RU
GP
GP
W
5th
RU
W
W
W
QF
W
SF
W
13
 
GP
GP
7th
GP
QF
8th
8th
7
 
Bermuda
GP
1
 
Canada
GP
GP
GP
GP
4
 
England
SF
RU
SF
RU
RU
QF
GP
GP
5th
QF
GP
W
7th

RU
RU
QF
GP
GP
5th
QF
GP
W
7th
13
 
India
GP
GP
W
SF
7th
SF
6th
RU
GP
W
SF
SF
RU
13
 
Ireland
8th
GP
GP
3
 
Kenya
GP
GP
SF
GP
GP
5
 
Namibia
GP
1
 
GP
GP
GP
GP
10th
5
 
SF
SF
GP
GP
SF
QF
SF
5th
SF
SF
RU
RU
SF
13
 
Pakistan
GP
SF
SF
SF
W
QF
RU
GP
GP
SF
QF
5th
5th
13
 
Scotland
GP
GP
GP
3
 
[
a
]
SF
QF
SF
GP
SF
QF

[
a
]
SF
QF
SF
GP
SF
QF
SF
7th
SF
Q
9
 
Sri Lanka
GP
GP
GP
GP
8th
W
GP
SF
RU
RU
QF
6th
9th
13
 
United Arab Emirates
GP
GP
2
 
W
W
RU
GP
6th
SF
GP
GP
6th
QF
QF
9th
12
 
Zimbabwe
GP
GP
9th
GP
5th
6th
GP
GP
GP
Q
9
Defunct teams
 
[
b
]
GP
1
Legend
W
 – Winner
RU
– Runner up
SF
– Semi-finals
S6
– Super Six (1999–2003)
QF
– Quarter-finals (1996, 2011–2015)
S8
– Super Eight (2007)
GP – Group stage / First round
Q – Qualified, Still in Competition
   
 — Hosts
[
edit

 — Hosts
[
edit
]
Year
Teams
Total
1975
 
Australia
, 
 
,
[
b
]
 
England
, 
 
India
, 
 
, 
 
Pakistan
, 
 
, 
 
Sri Lanka
8
1979
 
Canada
1
1983
 
Zimbabwe
1
1987
none
0
1992
 
[
a
]
1
1996
 
Kenya
, 
 
, 
 
3
1999
 
, 
 
Scotland
2
2003
 
Namibia
1
2007
 
Bermuda
, 
 
Ireland
2
2011
none
0
2015
 
1
2019
none
0
2023
none
0
2027
Overview
[

1
2019
none
0
2023
none
0
2027
Overview
[
edit
]
The table below provides an overview of the performances of teams over past World Cups, as of the end of the 
2023 tournament
.
 Teams are ordered by best result then by appearances, then by winning 
percentage, then by total number of wins, total number of number of 
games, and then alphabetically:
Best performance
Team
Apps
Mat.
Won
Lost
Tie
NR
Win%*
 
Australia
13
105
78
25
1
1
75.48
Champions
: 6 
(
1987
, 
1999
, 
2003
, 
2007
, 
2015
, 
2023
)
 
India
13
95
63
30
1
1
67.55
Champions
: 2 
(
1983
, 
2011
)
 
12
80
43
35
0
2
55.12
Champions
: 2 
(
1975
, 
1979
)
 
England
13
93
52

(
1975
, 
1979
)
 
England
13
93
52
39
1
1
57.14
Champions
: 1 
(
2019
)
 
Pakistan
13
88
49
37
0
2
56.97
Champions
: 1 
(
1992
)
 
Sri Lanka
13
89
40
46
1
2
46.55
Champions
: 1 
(
1996
)
 
13
99
59
38
1
1
60.71
Runners-up
 
(
2015
, 
2019
)
 
9
74
45
26
2
1
63.01
Semi-finals
 
(
1992
, 
1999
, 
2007
, 
2015
, 
2023
)
 
Kenya
5
29
6
22
0
0
21.42
 
(
2003
)

6
22
0
0
21.42
 
(
2003
)
 
Zimbabwe
9
57
11
42
1
3
21.29
Super 6s
 
(
1999
, 
2003
)
 
7
49
16
32
0
1
33.33
Quarter-finals
 
(
2015
)
 
Ireland
3
21
7
13
1
0
35.71
Super 8s
 
(
2007
)
 
5
29
4
25
0
0
13.79
Group Stage
 
(
1996
, 
2003
, 
2007
, 
2011
, 
2023
)
 
Canada
4
18
2
16
0
0
11.11
 
(
1979
, 
2003
, 
2007
, 
2011
)
 
3
24

2003
, 
2007
, 
2011
)
 
3
24
5
19
0
0
20.83
 
(
2015
, 
2019
, 
2023
)
 
Scotland
3
14
0
14
0
0
0.00
 
(
1999
, 
2007
, 
2015
)
 
2
11
1
10
0
0
9.09
 
(
1996
, 
2015
)
 
Namibia
1
6
0
6
0
0
0.00
 
(
2003
)
 
Bermuda
1
3
0
3
0
0
0.00
 
(
2007
)
 
[
b
]
1
3
0
3
0
0
0.00

b
]
1
3
0
3
0
0
0.00
 
(
1975
)
As of 19 November 2023
Source: 
Note:
The Win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.
Teams are sorted by their best performance, then winning percentage, then (if equal) by alphabetical order.
^ 
Jump up to: 
a
 
b
 
Before the 1992 World Cup, South Africa were banned due to 
apartheid
^ 
Jump up to: 
a
 
b
 
c
 
Disbanded in 1989
[
edit
]
[
edit
]
Year
Host Team
Finish
1975
 
England
Semi-finalists
1979
 
England
Runner-ups
1983
 
England
1987
 
India
 
Pakistan
1992
 
Australia
Round Robin
 
1996
 
India
 
Pakistan
Quarter-finalists
 
Sri Lanka
Champions
1999
 
England

Pakistan
 
Sri Lanka
Champions
1999
 
England
 
Scotland
 
Did not play
 
Ireland
2003
 
Zimbabwe
Super 6
 
Kenya
2007
 
Super 8
2011
 
India
Champions
 
Sri Lanka
 
2015
 
Australia
Champions
 
2019
 
England
Champions
2023
 
India
2027
 
Zimbabwe
 
Namibia
2031
 
India
 
[
edit
]
Year
Defending champions
Finish
1979
 
Champions
1983
 
1987
 
India
1992
 
Australia
1996
 
Pakistan
1999

1992
 
Australia
1996
 
Pakistan
1999
 
Sri Lanka
2003
 
Australia
Champions
2007
 
Australia
Champions
2011
 
Australia
2015
 
India
2019
 
Australia
2023
 
England
2027
 
Australia
[
edit
]
List of Cricket World Cup records
, the leading run-scorer in World Cup history
 the leading wicket-taker in World Cup history
World Cup records
[
101
]
Batting
Most runs
 
2,278 (
1992
–
2011
)
Highest average
 (min. 10 inns.) 
[
102
]
 
124.00 (
1999
–
2003
)
Highest 
batting strike rate
 (min. 500 balls faced)
 
160.32 (
2015
–
2023
)
Highest score
 
Martin Guptill

160.32 (
2015
–
2023
)
 
 v 
 
237
*
 (
2015
)
Highest 
partnership
 
 & 
Marlon Samuels
 
 (2nd wicket) v 
 
Zimbabwe
372 (
2015
)
Most runs in a single world cup
 
765 (
2023
)
Most hundreds
 
7 (
2015
–
2023
)
Most hundreds in a single world cup
 
5 (
2019
)
Bowling
 
71 (
1996
–
2007
)
Lowest average
 (min. 400 balls bowled)
 
Mohammed Shami
13.52 (
2015
–
2023
)
Best 
 (min. 20 wickets)
 
15.81 (
2015
–
2023
)
Best 
economy rate
 (min. 1000 balls bowled)
 
Andy Roberts
3.24 (
1975
–
1983
)

(min. 1000 balls bowled)
 
3.24 (
1975
–
1983
)
Best bowling figures
 
 v 
 
Namibia
7/15 (
2003
)
Most wickets in a tournament
 
Mitchell Starc
27 (
2019
)
Fielding
Most dismissals (
)
 
54 (
2003
–
2015
)
Most catches (
fielder
)
 
28 (
1996
–
2011
)
Team
 
 v 
 
Sri Lanka
428/5 vs 326/10 (
2023
)
Lowest score
 
Canada
 v 
 
Sri Lanka
36 (
2003
)
Highest win %
 Australia
75.48% (Played 105, Won 78)
[
103
]
Most consecutive wins
 Australia
27 (20 Jun 1999 – 19 Mar 2011, one 
N/R
 excluded)
[
104
]
Most consecutive tournament wins
 Australia
3 (
1999
–
2007
)
[
edit
]

Australia
3 (
1999
–
2007
)
[
edit
]
Cricket World Cup awards
Year
Winning Captain
Player of the final
Player of the tournament
Most runs
1975
 
Clive Lloyd
 
[
105
]
Not Awarded
 
Glenn Turner
 (333)
 
Gary Gilmour
 (11)
1979
 
Viv Richards
[
105
]
 
Gordon Greenidge
 (253)
 
Mike Hendrick
 (10)
1983
 
Kapil Dev
 
Mohinder Amarnath
[
105
]
 
David Gower
 (384)
 
Roger Binny
 (18)
1987
 
Allan Border
 
David Boon
[
105
]
 
Graham Gooch
 (471)
 
Craig McDermott
 (18)
1992
 
Imran Khan
 
Wasim Akram
[
105
]
 
Martin Crowe
[
105
]

[
105
]
 
[
105
]
 
 (456)
 
 (18)
1996
 
Arjuna Ranatunga
 
Aravinda de Silva
[
105
]
 
[
105
]
 
 (523)
 
 (15)
1999
 
Steve Waugh
 
Shane Warne
[
106
]
 
[
106
]
 
 (461)
 
Geoff Allott
 / 
 
 (20)
2003
 
[
107
]
 
[
107
]
 
 (673)
 
Chaminda Vaas
 (23)
2007
 
[
108
]
 
[
109
]

[
108
]
 
[
109
]
 
Matthew Hayden
 (659)
 
 (26)
2011
 
[
110
]
 
[
110
]
 
 (500)
 
Shahid Afridi
 / 
 
 (21)
2015
 
Michael Clarke
 
James Faulkner
[
111
]
 
[
112
]
 
 (547)
 
 / 
 
Trent Boult
 (22)
2019
 
Eoin Morgan
 
Ben Stokes
[
113
]
 
Kane Williamson
[
113
]
 
 (648)
 
 (27)
2023
 
Pat Cummins
 
Travis Head
[
114
]
 
[
115
]

[
114
]
 
[
115
]
 
 (765)
 
 (24)
See also
[
edit
]
Cricket portal
Sports portal
World portal
ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup
Asia Cup
World Cup
List of world cups
[
edit
]
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^
 
"The 1979 World Cup in England – West Indies retain their title"
. 
Cricinfo
. 
Archived
 from the original on 23 May 2006
 2006
.
^
 
"The 1987 World Cup in India and Pakistan – Australia win tight tournament"
. 
Cricinfo
. 
Archived
 from the original on 16 July 2014
15 July
 2014
.
^
 
"India to host three ICC events in 2024–31 cycle"
. 
Cricbuzz
16 November
 2021
.
^
 
"USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024–2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed"
. 
 2021
.
^

. 
 2021
.
^
 
"India power past Sri Lanka to Cricket World Cup triumph"
. BBC Sport. 2 April 2011. 
Archived
 from the original on 3 April 2011
17 March
 2015
.
^
 
Sportstar, Team (24 May 2019). 
"World Cup, 11 editions: How host countries fared"
. 
sportstar.thehindu.com
22 August
 2022
.
^
 
All records are based on statistics at 
Cricinfo
.com's list of 
 
Archived
 3 January 2007 at the 
^
 
"Best Average in Cricket World Cup"
. ESPN Cricinfo. 
Archived
14 July
 2019
.
^
 
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ESPNCricinfo
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 2019
.
^
 
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.
^ 
Jump up to: 
a

on 11 September 2015
30 March
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^ 
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b
 
c
 
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"Australia vs Pakistan, ICC World Cup 1999"
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^ 
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b
 
"Australia vs India, ICC World Cup 2003 Final"
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 2023
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"This day, that year: Adam Gilchrist scores 149 to gift Australia World Cup"
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 2023
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.
^ 
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b
 
"Yuvraj Player of the Tournament; Dhoni Man of the Match of WC final"
. 
. 11 November 2011
 2023
.
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NDTV
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. 
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. 
. 15 July 2019
 2023
.
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"Travis Head delivers World Cup final masterclass in POTM display"
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Sources
[
edit
]
Browning, Mark (1999). 
A complete history of World Cup Cricket
. 
Simon & Schuster
. 
ISBN
 
0-7318-0833-9
.
[
edit
]
Official website
 of the ICC Cricket World Cup
 of ICC
 of CricnScore
show
Links to related articles
show
v
t
e
England 1975
England 1979
England / Wales 1983
India / Pakistan 1987
Australia / New Zealand 1992
Pakistan / India / Sri Lanka 1996
England / Scotland / Wales / Ireland / Netherlands 1999
South Africa / Zimbabwe / Kenya 2003
West Indies 2007
India / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh 2011
Australia / New Zealand 2015
England / Wales 2019
India 2023
South Africa / Zimbabwe / Namibia 2027
Finals
1975
1979
1983
1987
1992
1996
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
Squads
1975
1979
1983
1987
1992
1996
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023

1987
1992
1996
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
1975
1979
1983
1987
1992
1996
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
1975
1979
1983
1987
1992
1996
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2019
2023
2027
Awards
Format
History
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show
v
t
e
 
winners
1975
:
 
1979
:
 
1983
:
 
India
1987
:
 
Australia
1992
:
 
Pakistan
1996
:
 
Sri Lanka
1999
:
 
Australia
2003
:
 
Australia
2007
:
 
Australia
2011
:
 
India

Australia
2007
:
 
Australia
2011
:
 
India
2015
:
 
Australia
2019
:
 
England
2023
:
 
Australia
2027
:
 TBD
2031
:
 TBD
show
v
t
e
 winning 
captains
1975
:
 
Lloyd
1979
:
 
Lloyd
1983
:
 
Dev
1987
:
 
Border
1992
:
 
Khan
1996
:
 
Ranatunga
1999
:
 
Waugh
2003
:
 
Ponting
2007
:
 
Ponting
2011
:
 
Dhoni
2015
:
 
Clarke
2019
:
 
Morgan
2023
:
 
Cummins
show
v
t

Morgan
2023
:
 
Cummins
show
v
t
e
 
final
 
1975
:
 
Lloyd
1979
:
 
Richards
1983
:
 
Amarnath
1987
:
 
Boon
1992
:
 
Akram
1996
:
 
de Silva
1999
:
 
Warne
2003
:
 
Ponting
2007
:
 
Gilchrist
2011
:
 
Dhoni
2015
:
 
Faulkner
2019
:
 
Stokes
2023
:
 
Head
show
v
t
e
 
1975
:
 n/a
1979
:
 n/a
1983
:
 n/a
1987
:
 n/a
1992
:

n/a
1983
:
 n/a
1987
:
 n/a
1992
:
 
Crowe
1996
:
 
1999
:
 
Klusener
2003
:
 
Tendulkar
2007
:
 
McGrath
2011
:
 
Y Singh
2015
:
 
Starc
2019
:
 
Williamson
2023
:
 
Kohli
show
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sprint
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