---
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:1200
- loss:CosineSimilarityLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2
widget:
- source_sentence: Sekelompok orang di perahu berlomba menuju pantai.
  sentences:
  - Haruskah kedatangan pada titik ini menjadi fokus untuk pemeriksaan sistem apa
    pun?
  - Sekelompok orang berdiri bersama dan berpose di depan sebuah rumah.
  - Seperti yang tercakup dalam jawaban lain, satu-satunya pilihan Anda adalah menemui
    dokter hewan untuk melakukan operasi.
- source_sentence: Industri Musik Memberi Penghormatan kepada Whitney Houston
  sentences:
  - Setiap bahasa diresapi oleh nilai-nilai budaya yang dibenamkannya.
  - Sebuah pesawat merah dan putih terbang di hari yang cerah.
  - Industri musik berduka atas Whitney Houston
- source_sentence: Pria itu menggunakan pedang untuk mengiris botol plastik.
  sentences:
  - Seorang pria sedang melakukan push up.
  - Seorang pria mengiris botol plastik dengan pedang.
  - Untuk melatih diri Anda menggunakan pintasan keyboard, cabut mouse Anda selama
    beberapa hari.
- source_sentence: seorang anak laki-laki memanjat dinding batu
  sentences:
  - Anak memerah susu sapi di luar.
  - Selalu sulit ketika orang tua menolak untuk melihat apa yang tampak jelas bagi
    seorang guru.
  - Lima bulldog sedang berlomba di jalur pasir.
- source_sentence: Pekerjaan pembongkaran dimulai di Stadion Don Valley
  sentences:
  - Kedua wanita itu sedang bermain game.
  - Tingkat pemogokan bowling didefinisikan untuk pemain bowling sebagai jumlah rata-rata
    bola yang dilempar per gawang yang diambil.
  - Pekerjaan pembongkaran dimulai di stadion
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- pearson_cosine
- spearman_cosine
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2
  results:
  - task:
      type: semantic-similarity
      name: Semantic Similarity
    dataset:
      name: sts eval
      type: sts-eval
    metrics:
    - type: pearson_cosine
      value: -0.040452290633263735
      name: Pearson Cosine
    - type: spearman_cosine
      value: -0.06939895859321697
      name: Spearman Cosine
---

# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2) <!-- at revision 86741b4e3f5cb7765a600d3a3d55a0f6a6cb443d -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 128 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 384 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Pekerjaan pembongkaran dimulai di Stadion Don Valley',
    'Pekerjaan pembongkaran dimulai di stadion',
    'Kedua wanita itu sedang bermain game.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

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## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Semantic Similarity

* Dataset: `sts-eval`
* Evaluated with [<code>EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)

| Metric              | Value       |
|:--------------------|:------------|
| pearson_cosine      | -0.0405     |
| **spearman_cosine** | **-0.0694** |

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## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset

* Size: 1,200 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence_0</code>, <code>sentence_1</code>, and <code>label</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence_0                                                                        | sentence_1                                                                        | label                                                              |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | string                                                                            | float                                                              |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 16.78 tokens</li><li>max: 45 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 16.67 tokens</li><li>max: 49 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 115.43</li><li>max: 398.6</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence_0                                                                                    | sentence_1                                                                                                                       | label              |
  |:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------|
  | <code>Pendekatan terbaik adalah bermain dengan kucing Anda setiap malam sebelum tidur.</code> | <code>Trik yang saya lakukan adalah memegang dan memeluk kucing saya erat-erat jika mereka mengganggu saya di malam hari.</code> | <code>234.8</code> |
  | <code>Anjing berwarna gelap berdiri di lapangan berumput.</code>                              | <code>Seekor anjing abu-abu berdiri di lapangan berumput.</code>                                                                 | <code>133.6</code> |
  | <code>Bebek putih berdiri di tanah.</code>                                                    | <code>Seorang wanita bertopi hitam berdiri di dekat kereta bawah tanah.</code>                                                   | <code>96.6</code>  |
* Loss: [<code>CosineSimilarityLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosinesimilarityloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss"
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch  | Step | sts-eval_spearman_cosine |
|:------:|:----:|:------------------------:|
| 1.0    | 75   | -0.1137                  |
| 1.3333 | 100  | -0.1012                  |
| 2.0    | 150  | -0.0837                  |
| 2.6667 | 200  | -0.0694                  |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.11.13
- Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
- Transformers: 4.52.4
- PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
- Accelerate: 1.7.0
- Datasets: 2.14.4
- Tokenizers: 0.21.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

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