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HILLSBORO -- Andy Warren doesn't recall the Western Oregon butterfly's scientific name, but he does remember the Google Images search and subsequent discovery.
Here it was, Warren thought: The missing collection of C.R. Crowe.
"My jaw just kind of dropped," Warren said.
From his home in Gainesville, Fla., Warren was soon combing through photos on the website of Hillsboro's Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve for the next 2 1/2 hours.
Warren, the senior collections manager at the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity at the Florida Museum of Natural History, had found the "mother lode."
"I cleaned up the saliva from my keyboard and started typing," he said.
It was Sept. 15, 2012, and the 38-year-old researcher wrote an email to every Jackson Bottom staffer he could find.
Tubs and Trays
Jackson Bottom officials received C.R. Crowe's Lepidoptera collection in 2004.
Who dropped off the collection became something of a mystery over time. Officials attributed the donation to Crowe's son, Ray.
Butterflies and moths are part of the insect order Lepidoptera, and Crowe's collection was carefully documented and labeled -- down to the date captured, location and scientific name of each specimen.
For years, the collection, an estimated 10,000 specimens mounted individually in 492 trays, sat untouched in Tupperware containers and on shelves in an upstairs room at the wetlands center.
Unsure of what to do with the insects, Natural Resources Manager Ed Becker asked a volunteer to take pictures and put them online.
"People come to Jackson Bottom for the birds," Becker said. He never expected anything to come of it.
On Sept. 15, Becker received Warren's email.
The man, the mystery
C.R. Crowe was well-known in Lepidoptera circles but nobody seemed to know what happened to the man or the collection.
Warren got his Ph.D. in Entomology at Oregon State University in 2006, and wrote "Butterflies of Oregon: Their Taxonomy, Distribution, and Biology." After eight years in the state, he knew both the area and the veteran collectors.
"Everywhere I went this name Crowe sort of came up," Warren said.
Yet when Warren, who is also president of The Lepidopterists' Society, asked colleagues and friends where the collection was, "nobody knew."
A long-lost friend
The McGuire Center in Gainesville, founded in 2004, is growing by an average of 1 million specimens annually.
Three floors of collection rooms house drawers upon drawers of moths and butterflies -- pinned through the thorax, in the style of an age-old high school biology assignment.
But when Warren saw Crowe's collection on the Jackson Bottom website, it was a different style. Instead of wings open, they were together, flat, in so-called Riker mounts. Warren said that makes for easy display, but is dangerous for preservation purposes. Book lice and carpet beetles can sneak in and destroy the insects.
Warren phoned a fellow butterfly lover, Jonathan Pelham, who lived in Lynnwood north of Seattle, and asked him to run down to Hillsboro to scope out the collection.
Pelham was a good choice. He knew Crowe for years. A retired truck driver, Pelham was a similarly self-taught butterfly aficionado.
He and Crowe were friends. They’d connect at the annual Pacific Northwest Lepidopterists Workshop in Corvallis.
“I’m a big book guy,” Pelham, a Curatorial Associate at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture at the University of Washington, said. “He was more of a field guy.”
But Pelham hadn't seen or heard from Crowe in decades. There was a time when the old phone numbers didn't work anymore, Pelham said. "He dropped off the map."
C.R. Crowe
Charles Ray Crowe is still alive. He goes by Ray, and he didn't know anyone thought anything different.
The 75-year-old was born and raised in the Portland area, and has called Hillsboro home for more than 30 years. A diabetic, Crowe lost a leg a dozen years ago. That was the end of his butterfly days.
"After I couldn't collect anymore, I sort of let the collection collect dust," he said.
He always had a knack of finding unique specimens, being in the right place at the right time. He considered donating the collection to OSU, but he figured the Riker mounted collection weren't as usable.
So he dropped them off at Jackson Bottom.
He'd found a new passion: Bigfoot. "I'm out of the butterfly business," Crowe said.
Headed to Florida
For Joe McArthur, chair of the board of directors at the wetlands, parting with the collection wasn't an easy call, but made long-term sense.
The "fabulous collection" belongs at McGuire, he said.
In exchange, Warren made a display case of roughly 75 butterflies and moths that are common to the Willamette Valley. Warren called it a good trade. "This is something they can actually use."
He flew to Hillsboro this week to personally shepherd the collection's migration to Florida.
Pelham and a volunteer made stacks of roughly 15 collection cases, securing each stack in a pupa of plastic wrap before carefully placing the bundles in cardboard boxes lined with packing peanuts for the cross-country journey.
Crowe's collection dates back to the 1970s, and includes some 400 species of insects from throughout the state and elsewhere. But one specimen in particular captured Warren and Pelham's attention: a common Wood nymph.
The butterfly typically has eye spots on each wing, but a specimen collected near Camp Sherman in Jefferson County was an outlier. "There's not one like it in the rest of the world that has these inflated spots with the big long streaks in them," Warren said, saying he'd seen roughly 15,000-20,000 specimens of the butterfly.
Warren applauded Crowe's attention to detail.
"If these labels weren't here, and this information wasn't here, the collection would have no scientific value at all," Warren said. "I wouldn't have even written."
Warren said it will be at least three years before technicians at the University of Florida-based McGuire Center finish carefully removing the insects from Crowe's cases and preparing them for research. Each insect will be placed in a container with several inches of wet paper towels overnight, Warren said, so the wings can be re-hydrated.
Crowe said the 10,000 specimens bound for Florida were his second go-around at the same collection. He sold a previous collection years go.
"I'm certainly glad they found a nice home," he said.
-- Andrew Theen
Follow @HlsboroReporterWashington, DC (AP) — An Obama administration policy to go after employers who knowingly hire and exploit illegal workers is not significantly different from the Bush administration strategy, according to a copy of the guidelines obtained by The Associated Press.
The new guidelines for immigration agents, which the Homeland Security Department calls a'renewed department-wide focus,' will impose fines and criminal charges against employers who break the law.
While the priority is to go after employers, the policy states that agents will continue to arrest illegal workers. The Obama administration policy, however, stresses that humanitarian guidelines will be followed more broadly than in the previous administration.
The new policy was being circulated to immigration officers around the country on Thursday.
'What I want to do is deter more employers from intentionally and knowingly hiring illegal workers,' Napolitano said.
Worksite enforcement operations take up only a small percentage of ICE's nearly $6 billion annual budget. And the agency's immigration raids have become politically and emotionally charged, as federal agents dressed in SWAT-like gear have swept into businesses and rounded up hundreds of illegal workers.
Ten years ago, the Clinton administration made changes to its workplace enforcement policies, deciding instead to focus on criminal activities related to illegal immigration. At the time, the now-dissolved Immigration and Naturalization Service targeted employers who worked with human traffickers and other criminal enterprises to smuggle workers across international borders. The Clinton-era strategy also called for auditing employers instead of raiding the businesses.
But these enforcement cases were inconsistent and the fines became to the employers just a cost of doing business and therefore ineffective, said Mark Reed, the former regional director of INS for the central region of the country.
Enforcement priorities shifted in once again in 1999 when immigration agents targeted Nebraska meatpacking plants as part of Operation Vanguard, which was meant to be an example to other employers. Immigration agents had checked thousands of employment forms and identified hundreds of workers they thought might be illegal.
That operation, however, became more notable for the economic disruption it caused than the arrests. Nebraska's political leaders exhorted the government to back off, complaining that production had fallen sharply as the plants' workers melted away.
'Vanguard was so successful that it was shut down,' Reed recalled.
Early in the Bush administration, shortly after the Sept. 11 attacks, works