President's Speech 2020.pdf

## Analysis Of The President'S Address To Parliament In 2020

The President of India, Mr. Ram Nath Kovind, addressed Parliament on January 31, 2020.1  In his address, he outlined the major policy priorities of the central government.  This note highlights some items outlined in the President's Address and the current status of the initiatives undertaken with respect to these items based on data available till January 18, 2021.  Data sources have been indicated in the end notes. 

Policy Priority 
Current Status 

## Economy And Finance

India is on the way to becoming a five trilliondollar economy. 
- 
As per International Monetary Fund, India was the sixth largest economy in 2020 in terms of GDP at current prices, which was estimated to be USD 2.59 trillion.2,3  The growth rate for GDP is estimated to decline to -7.7% in 2020-21 compared to 4.2% growth in 2019-20.  The government has stated that the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures implemented since March, 2020 have impacted key economic activities. The Central Statistical Organisation projects GDP for 2020-21 to be Rs 134.4 lakh crore, which at the current exchange rate (INR 72.9/USD) is 1.84 trillion dollars.6 

Table 1: Growth rate of Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Services sectors (2011-12 prices)4,5,6  
Growth Rate 
2014-15 
2015-16 
2016-17 
2017-18 
2018-19 
2019-20 
2020-21 
Agriculture 
4.8 
5.4 
7.9 
5 
2.1 
3.4 
3.4 
Manufacturing 
6.5 
7.1 
8 
6.7 
7.6 
0.03 
-9.4 
Services 
9.6 
9 
8.5 
8.6 
7.6 
3.6 
-21.4 
GDP 
7.4 
8 
8.2 
7.2 
6.8 
4.2 
-7.7 

Note: Agriculture includes agriculture, forestry, and mining; manufacturing includes manufacturing, construction, and electricity and water supply; and services includes trade, transport, and financial, real estate, and defence services. 

- 
FDI: FDI inflows during the first half of 2020-21 (Apr-Sep) stood at USD 30 billion, as compared to USD 26 billion and USD 22.7 billion for the same period in 2019-20 and 2018-19 respectively.7,8,9 

| Parameter                    | 2015-16    | 2016-17    | 2017-18    | 2018-19    | 2019-20    | 2020-21 (up to of September)    |
|------------------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|---------------------------------|
| FDI inflows (in USD billion) | 40         | 43.47      | 44.85      | 44.36      | 49.97      | 30                              |
| % growth                     | 35%        | 9%         | 3%         | -1%        | 13%        | -                               |

Inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is increasing. Foreign exchange reserves have reached a historical high of over USD 450 billion. 

- 
Foreign Exchange Reserves: As of January, 2021, foreign exchange reserves stood at USD 585 billion, 27% higher than reserves of USD 467 billion in January, 2020.  

| Parameter                                  | 2016    | 2017    | 2018    | 2019    | 2020    | 2021    |
|--------------------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| Foreign exchange reserves (in USD billion) | 349     | 360     | 414     | 397     | 461     | 585     |
| % change from previous year                | 8.4%    | 3.2%    | 15.0%   | -4.1%   | 16.1%   | 26.9%   |

- 
Foreign Trade: Between April to December 2020, India's exports declined by 12.65% over the same period in 2019, and stood at USD 348.49 billion; whereas, imports declined by 25.8% and stood at USD 343.2 billion.11 
3rd Floor, Gandharva Mahavidyalaya ◼ 212, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg ◼ New Delhi - 110002 
Tel: (011) 43434035 ◼ www.prsindia.org  

| Policy Priority                                                                                                                                      | Current Status    |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
| 121 crore people have Aadhaar cards.                                                                                                                 |                   |
| -                                                                                                                                                    |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| As of January 18, 2021, 127.8 crore Aadhaar cards have been issued (96% of India's population based on the projected population for the year 2020).  |                   |
| 12,12                                                                                                                                                |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| -                                                                                                                                                    |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| As on January 6, 2021, 41.6 crore accounts have been opened under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana since its launch in 2014 with a total deposit   |                   |
| amount of Rs 1.35 lakh crore.  65% of these accounts have been opened in rural areas.                                                                |                   |
| 13                                                                                                                                                   |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| Table 4: Accounts opened under Jan Dhan Yojana                                                                                                       |                   |
| 13                                                                                                                                                   |                   |
| Parameter                                                                                                                                            | Jan 2017          |
| Number of Accounts opened (in crore)                                                                                                                 | 6.84              |
| Bank accounts have been created for 38 crore                                                                                                         |                   |
| poor persons.                                                                                                                                        |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| Cumulative amount of deposits held (in Rs lakh crore)                                                                                                | 0.67              |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| Implementation of 450 schemes has been                                                                                                               |                   |
| linked to Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) to                                                                                                          |                   |
| prevent leakages.                                                                                                                                    |                   |
| -                                                                                                                                                    |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| Between April, 2020 and January, 2021, Rs 2.94 lakh crore has been disbursed through the DBT programme to beneficiaries under 316 schemes.  This has |                   |
| led to savings of Rs 1.78 lakh crore according to government estimates.                                                                              |                   |
| 14                                                                                                                                                   |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| Table 5: Amount disbursed through DBT                                                                                                                |                   |
| 14                                                                                                                                                   |                   |
| Parameter                                                                                                                                            | 2015-16           |
| Number of Beneficiaries (crore)                                                                                                                      | 31.2              |
| Amount disbursed through DBT (Rs crore)                                                                                                              | 61,492            |
|                                                                                                                                                      |                   |
| Nearly Rs 3.5 lakh crore has been recovered                                                                                                          |                   |
| by banks and other institutions under the                                                                                                            |                   |
| Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC).                                                                                                          |                   |

- 
A time-bound process for resolving insolvency has been established under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.  The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India noted that the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant financial stress among borrowers and impacted the potential viability of several firms.15   The Code was amended to: (i) prohibit the initiation of insolvency proceedings for defaults arising between March, 2020 and March, 2021, and (ii) increase the threshold for initiating an insolvency resolution process from one lakh rupees to one crore rupees.16,17,18,19,20    
- 
Between January and September, 2020, 4,008 cases have been admitted under the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process, of which 1025 (26%) have ended in orders for liquidation, 277 (7%) have ended in approval of resolution plans, and 1,942 (49%) cases are ongoing.  The realisable value of assets for 277 corporate debtors rescued was Rs 1.02 lakh crore, though they owed Rs 4.89 lakh crore.  Rs 1.97 lakh crore was recovered from resolution. 

## Industry

- 
The World Bank suspended the Annual 'Doing Business' Report in August, 2020 in light of reported irregularities which are currently being investigated.21  In the last report, released in October 2019, India ranked 63 out of 190 countries.  India was among the top ten countries showing improvement, primarily because of changes related to starting a business, obtaining construction permits, trading across borders, and resolving insolvency. 
India's rank in the Ease of Doing Business Index improved from 142 in 2014 to 63 in 2020. 

- 
The central government notified a list of 180 reforms under the Business Reform Action Plan (BRAP) towards enabling Ease of Doing Business in 2018 which were to be implemented by 2019.22  In the state-wise rankings for achievement under BRAP, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Telangana were the top performers.  Tripura, Sikkim and Odisha placed last.23   
- 
India was ranked 48th by the World Intellectual Property Organisation in its annual Global Innovation Index in 2020.  The ranking measures innovation performance of 131 countries based on indicators including political environments, education, and infrastructure.24 
- 
As of November, 2020, 17,148 patents were granted and 1.35 lakh trademarks were filed by the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks in 2020-21.  The number of patents granted is 2.8 times higher than the number of patents granted in 2015-16 and the number of trademarks filed is 3.2 times higher. 
India has moved from 108th to 52nd position in the Global Innovation rankings between 2015 and 2020.  Number of patents granted in the country has increased four times between 2015 and 2020.  Trademark registrations have increased five-fold. 


| Policy Priority                                                          | Current Status    |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
| Table 6: Patents filed between 2015-16 and 2020-21 (till November, 2020) |                   |
| 25,26,25,26                                                              |                   |
|                                                                          |                   |
|                                                                          |                   |
| Parameter                                                                | 2015-16           |
| Number of Patents Filed                                                  | 42,763            |
| Number of Patents granted                                                | 5,978             |
| % of Patents granted                                                     | 14%               |
| Number of Trademarks Filed                                               |                   |
| Number of Trademarks registered                                          |                   |
| % of Trademarks registered                                               | 19.8%             |
|                                                                          |                   |
| India has the world's third largest start-up                             |                   |
| ecosystem.  27,000 start-ups have been                                   |                   |
| recognised under the Start-up India                                      |                   |
| Campaign.                                                                |                   |

- 
Under the scheme, recognised start-ups are eligible to avail benefits such as self-certification under labour and environmental compliances, public procurement relaxations, intellectual property rights support, and tax incentives.27  As of September 2020, 36,106 start-ups have been recognised by the government under the Start-Up India Campaign, since its launch in 2016.  As per the government, 4.2 lakh jobs have been created through the Campaign.28   
Table 7: Start-ups recognised under the Start-up India Campaign27,28  

| Parameter                   | 2016    | 2017    | 2018    | 2019    | 2020 (as of September)    |
|-----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------------------------|
| Start-ups recognised        | 503     | 5,444   | 8,918   | 11,754  | 36,106                    |
| Jobs reported (in thousand) | -       | 49      | 95      | 156     | 422                       |
|                             |         |         |         |         |                           |

More than 5.5 crore new entrepreneurs have availed loans under the MUDRA scheme. Credit of more than Rs 10 lakh crore has been sanctioned under the scheme. 

- 
Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana was launched in 2015 for providing loans of up to Rs 10 lakh to the non-corporate, non-farm small/ micro enterprises. Under this scheme, the following categories of loans can be given: (i) 'Shishu' (loans less than Rs 50,000), (ii) 'Kishore' (loans between Rs 50,000 and Rs 5 lakh), and (iii) 'Tarun' (loans between Rs 5 lakh and Rs 10 lakh).29  
Table 8: Loans given under the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana29   

| Parameter                             |   2015-16  |   2016-17  |   2017-18  |   2018-19  |   2019-20  |   2020-21 (as of January, 2021)  |
|---------------------------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|----------------------------------|
| Number of loans sanctioned (in crore) |        3.5 |          4 |        4.8 |          6 |        6.2 |                              2.8 |
| Amount sanctioned (in Rs crore)       |      137   |        180 |      253   |        321 |      337   |                            171   |
| Amount disbursed (in Rs crore)        |      132   |        175 |      246   |        311 |      329   |                            156   |

- 
To aid Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs), the government also announced measures under the Aatma Nirbhar Scheme, including: (i) establishing a fund with a corpus of Rs 10,000 crore to provide equity funding for MSMEs with growth potential and viability, (ii) allowing MSMEs to borrow up to 20% of their entire outstanding credit from banks and NBFCs through loans guaranteed by the government, (iii) giving credit to MSMEs with stressed assets in exchange for equity, and (iv) releasing payments due to MSMEs by the government and Public Sector Establishments within 45 days.30,31,32,33  
Common Service Centres (CSC) in rural areas have increased from 60,000 in 2014 to 3.65 lakh in 2019.  This has provided employment to more than 12 lakh villagers. 

- 
A Common Service Centre (CSC) is an access point for delivery of essential public utility services, social welfare schemes, healthcare, financial or education services in rural areas.  The CSC scheme was launched in 2009 to ensure delivery of e-services in remote locations at the level of the Gram Panchayat, where availability of internet and computers was inadequate.  As of August, 2020, more than 3.75 lakh CSCs operate in India.34   
Table 9: CSCs at the Gram Panchayat level between 2016-17 and 2019-2035 

| Parameter                             | 2016-17    | 2017-18    | 2018-19    | 2019-20    |
|---------------------------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|
| Number of functional CSCs             | 2,12,934   | 2,63,890   | 3,45,246   | 3,65,361   |
| Increase in number of functional CSCs | 17.0%      | 19.3%      | 23.6%      | 5.5%       |
|                                       |            |            |            |            |
| Policy Priority                                                                                                                                                | Current Status    |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
| Five industrial corridors will be developed.                                                                                                                   |                   |
| -                                                                                                                                                              |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                                |                   |
| Industrial Corridors seek to integrate industry and infrastructure by providing facilities for high-speed transport, logistics hubs, urban infrastructure like |                   |
| townships and knowledge parks.                                                                                                                                 |                   |
| 36                                                                                                                                                             |                   |
| Table 10 shows the progress made on the five industrial corridors proposed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry,                                           |                   |
| and approval and release of project funds by the union government and the Asian Development Bank (for the Vizag-Chennai Industrial Corridor).                  |                   |
| Table 10: Progress on building of industrial corridors                                                                                                         |                   |
| 36                                                                                                                                                             |                   |
| Location                                                                                                                                                       |                   |
| Project Fund (in Rs crore)                                                                                                                                     |                   |
| Progress                                                                                                                                                       |                   |
| Approved                                                                                                                                                       | Released          |
| Vizag-Chennai                                                                                                                                                  | 1,500             |
| Delhi-Mumbai                                                                                                                                                   | 620               |
| 67 plots over 479 acres allocated.  Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV is a business                                                                                |                   |
| association formed primarily to raise funds) incorporated for all identified nodes.                                                                            |                   |
| Amritsar-Kolkata                                                                                                                                               | 14.7              |
| Perspective plan (a blueprint for long run growth) has been completed.                                                                                         |                   |
| Integrated manufacturing cluster sites have been finalised in seven states.                                                                                    |                   |
| Bengaluru-Mumbai                                                                                                                                               | 4.1               |
| Chennai-Bengaluru                                                                                                                                              | 0.2               |
| Note:  Figures are based on data on progress last updated in November, 2019.                                                                                   |                   |
| -                                                                                                                                                              |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                                |                   |
| Table 11 shows the increase in the value of electronic equipment manufactured in India between 2014-15.                                                        |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                                |                   |
| Parameter                                                     | 2014-15    | 2015-16    | 2016-17    | 2017-18    | 2018-19    | 2019-20    |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|
| Value of electronic goods manufactured in India (in Rs crore) | 1,90,366   | 2,43,263   | 3,17,331   | 3,88,306   | 4,58,006   | 5,46,550   |

India is making rapid strides in electronics manufacturing.  The value of electronic equipment manufactured in the country has increased and India is the second largest mobile manufacturing hub in the world.   

| Growth rate (%)    | 5.5%    | 27.8%    | 30.4%    | 22.4%    | 17.9%    | 19.3%    |
|--------------------|---------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|

Note: Data for 2019-20 is based on provisional estimates. 

- 
India is the second largest mobile manufacturing hub in the world.  As per the government, between 2014 and 2019, the number of mobile manufacturing units has increased from two to more than 200, and the number of handsets produced has increased from 6 crore to 29 crore.39 
- 
In March 2020, the Union Cabinet approved three schemes for the promotion of electronics manufacturing in India: (i) Production Incentive Scheme for Large Scale Electronics Manufacturing (PLI), (ii) Modified Electronics Manufacturing Clusters Scheme (EMC 2.0), and (iii) Scheme for Promotion of manufacturing of Electronic Components and Semiconductors (SPECS).  Guidelines for the schemes were issued in June, 2020.40,41,42  The three schemes seek to provide employment to 10 lakh people by 2025.42   

| Scheme                                                                                    | Objective    |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|
| Number of                                                                                 |              |
| Applications                                                                              |              |
| Tenure of                                                                                 |              |
| Scheme                                                                                    |              |
| Allocation                                                                                |              |
| (in Rs crore)                                                                             |              |
| PLI                                                                                       |              |
| Promote domestic manufacturing of components including assembly, testing, marketing,      |              |
| and packing units by providing production linked incentives.                              |              |
| 22                                                                                        | 5 years      |
| EMC 2.0                                                                                   |              |
| Provide financial assistance for setting up of Electronics Manufacturing Clusters and     |              |
| Common Facility Centres to ensure availability of ready infrastructure.                   |              |
| 1                                                                                         | 8 years      |
| SPEC                                                                                      |              |
| Provide a financial incentive of 25% of capital expenditure for manufacturing of segments |              |
| including telecom equipment and mobile, consumer, and medical electronics.                |              |
| 13                                                                                        | 3 years      |

Note: Data on number of applications received was last updated in September, 2020, at which time, no approvals had been recorded.46 

| Policy Priority                                                                                                                 | Current Status    |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
| Defence and Home Affairs                                                                                                        |                   |
| -                                                                                                                               |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
| The government had earmarked Rs 90,048 crore in 2020-21 for the purpose of capital acquisition/ modernisation for armed forces. |                   |
| 47                                                                                                                              |                   |
| Table 13 shows the                                                                                                              |                   |
| trends in budgetary allocation and expenditure towards modernisation between 2015-16 and 2020-21.                               |                   |
| Table 13: Budget Estimates and Actual Expenditure on modernisation of armed forces (in Rs crore)                                |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
| Parameter                                                                                                                       | 2015-16           |
| Budget Estimates                                                                                                                | 77,406            |
| Actual Expenditure                                                                                                              | 62,235            |
| Note:  Actual Expenditure is based on provisional estimates.  Actual Expenditure for 2020-21 was last updated in July 31, 2020. |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
| Modernisation of the armed forces will be                                                                                       |                   |
| expedited.                                                                                                                      |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |
|                                                                                                                                 |                   |

- 
The Estimates Committee on Defence Production and Procurement (2018) noted that the share of capital procurement budget in the defence budget has been continuously declining, which has an adverse impact on the modernisation process of armed forces.  The Committee recommended that provisions for adequate allocation of capital budget should be made and funds fully utilised.48   
- 
The Standing Committee on Defence (2019) noted that inadequate allocation for committed liabilities could lead to default on contractual obligations.  Committed liabilities are payments anticipated during a financial year in respect of contracts concluded in previous years.  It recommended that the promised allocations should be disbursed for committed liabilities.49 

Two defence corridors will be developed. 
- 
The government announced in the 2018-19 budget that it will set up defence corridors in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.  The corridors seek to establish an industrial base to increase defence production and enable connectivity between existing defence industrial units. Table 14: Defence Corridors to be developed 50 
Corridor 
Identified Nodes 
Announced Investment (in Rs crore) 
Uttar Pradesh 
Agra, Aligarh, Chitrakoot, Jhansi, Kanpur, and Lucknow 
3,700 
Tamil Nadu 
Chennai, Coimbatore, Hosur, Salem, and Tiruchirappalli  
3,100 

Note:  The last available update on the progress for both corridors is from November, 2019. 

- 
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, India was the second-largest importer of defence goods and services in 2020.51  The Standing Committee on Defence (2019) noted that procurement from foreign vendors increased from 39% to 48.7% between 2014-15 and 2018-19.49  
- 
The Estimates Committee (2018) had stated that dependence on foreign suppliers for military hardware not only results in huge expenditure on imports, but makes national security vulnerable as suppliers may not provide weapons during emergency situations. The Committee recommended the government to take initiatives to decrease the country's dependence on imports.48   
- 
To increase indigenous manufacturing and reducing timelines for procurement of defence equipment, the government released the Defence Acquisition Procedure, 2020 in September, 2020.  Its key features include: (i) introduction of 'leasing' as a mode of acquisition, substituting initial capital outlays with periodical rental payments, (ii) addition of 'Buy (Global-Manufacture in India)' to categories of capital acquisition, and (iii) provision for a list of weapons and platforms banned for import.52 
The geographical spread of Naxalism is steadily shrinking. 

- 
Table 15 shows the number of incidents of left-wing extremism in India and the resultant fatalities between 2016 and 2020.  
Table 15: Incidents of left-wing extremism between 2016-19 (till February, 2020)53 

| Parameter              | 2016    | 2017    | 2018    | 2019    |   2020   |
|------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|----------|
| Incidents              | 1,048   | 908     | 833     | 670     |     123  |
| Security forces killed |         |         |         |         |          |
| 65                     | 75      | 67      | 52      | 5       |          |
|                        |         |         |         |         |          |
|                        |         |         |         |         |          |
|                        |         |         |         |         |          |
Policy Priority 
Current Status 

## Agriculture And Food Supply

Income support of more than Rs 43,000 crore to over eight crore farmer families under the Prime Minister Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM- KISAN) provided.  
- 
PM-KISAN scheme was launched in 2019 to provide an income support of Rs 6,000 per year to landholding farmer families, in three instalments of Rs 2,000 each.  The government had expected the scheme to cover around 14.5 crore beneficiaries.  As of January 17, 2021, the scheme had 11.52 crore beneficiaries.  In 2020-21, 10.7 crore beneficiaries have received the first instalment, 10.4 crore have received the second instalment, and 9.7 crore have received the third instalment.54  In 2020-21, Rs 75,000 crore was allocated to the scheme, which was 53% of the total allocation to the Ministry.  In 2019-20, allocation to the scheme was revised down from Rs 75,000 crore at the budgeted stage to Rs 54,370 crore at the revised stage.55 

- 
The Standing Committee on Agriculture (2019-20) noted that the issues being faced in the implementation of the scheme are: (i) non-availability of proper land records in many states, (ii) slow pace of identification of beneficiaries and uploading of data by states, (iii) issues with matching of demographic data between PM-KISAN database and Aadhaar data, (iv) incorrect bank accounts, and (v) poor internet connectivity in rural areas hampering the uploading of data.  The Committee recommended that the government enhance coordination with states where enrolment is slow and take corrective steps.56   

Steady increase in the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Kharif and Rabi crops.   

- 
MSP is the assured price at which foodgrains are procured from farmers by the central and state governments and their agencies, for the central pool of 
foodgrains.  The central pool is used for providing foodgrains under the Public Distribution System and other welfare schemes, and also kept as reserve in 
the form of buffer stock.  Table 16 shows the MSP fixed by the government for Paddy and Wheat in the marketing seasons between 2014-15 and 2020-21. 

| Parameter                 | 2014-15    | 2015-16    | 2016-17    | 2017-18    | 2018-19    | 2019-20    | 2020-21    |
|---------------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|
| MSP of Paddy (Common)     | 1,360      | 1,410      | 1,470      | 1,550      | 1,750      | 1,815      | 1,868      |
| % increase over past year | 3.8%       | 3.7%       | 4.3%       | 5.4%       | 12.9%      | 3.7%       | 2.9%       |
| MSP of Wheat              | 1,450      | 1,525      | 1,625      | 1,735      | 1,840      | 1,925      | 1,975      |
| % increase over past year | 3.6%       | 5.2%       | 6.6%       | 6.8%       | 6.1%       | 4.6%       | 2.6%       |

- 
While MSP is announced for 23 crops every year, public procurement is limited to a few such as paddy, wheat, and, to a limited extent, pulses.  Table 17 shows the production and procurement of major crops in 2019-20. 

| Parameter                            | Rice    | Wheat    | Pulses    | Coarse grains    | Total    |
|--------------------------------------|---------|----------|-----------|------------------|----------|
| Production                           |         |          |           |                  |          |
| 1184                                 |         |          |           |                  |          |
| 1076                                 | 231     | 454      | 2954      |                  |          |
| Procurement                          | 511     | 390      | 28.4      | 4.3              | 934      |
| Procurement as % of total production | 43.2%   | 36.2%    | 12.3%     | 0.9%             | 31.6%    |

- 
A 2016 NITI Aayog report highlighted issues with the implementation of MSP including: (i) procurement is largely from a few states- for instance, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab produce 45% of the country's wheat but account for 84.8% of procurement, and Punjab produces 26.5% of rice but accounts for 42.3% of procurement, (ii) low awareness among farmers before the sowing season (according to NITI Aayog, 62% of the farmers were informed of MSPs after the sowing season), (iii) long distances to the procurement centres, (iv) increasing cost of transportation for farmers, and (v) inadequate storage capacity.  The NITI Aayog noted that the agricultural pricing policy needs to be reviewed to ensure that farmers are receiving remunerative prices for their produce.  Farmers are often forced to engage in distress sales, i.e., selling below MSPs.59 
- 
The e-NAM scheme networks the existing APMC markets to create a unified national market for electronic trading of agricultural commodities.  This is primarily to reduce trading costs and information asymmetry.  As of December 31, 2020, 1,000 markets have been integrated with the e-NAM platform 
400 new mandis to be linked through Electronic National Agriculture Markets (e- NAM) to enhance its effectiveness 

| Policy Priority                                                                                                                                              |
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| across 21 states and union territories, increasing from 421 in December, 2019.  1.69 crore farmers and 1.53 lakh traders are registered on the platform.  As |
| of January 2021, a total volume of 3.94 crore metric tonnes has been traded on the platform for a total value of Rs 1.15 lakh crore.                         |
| 60                                                                                                                                                           |
|                                                                                                                                                              |
| One Nation, One Ration Card (ONORC) is                                                                                                                       |
| being launched.                                                                                                                                              |
| -                                                                                                                                                            |
|                                                                                                                                                              |
| ONORC seeks to ensure pan-India availability of food grain entitlements to beneficiaries through portable ration cards and Aadhaar based authentication.     |
| 32 states and union territories have implemented the ONORC plan as of December 29, 2020.  This covers 69 crore beneficiaries (86% of the population          |
| eligible for entitlements under the National Food Security Act, 2013).                                                                                       |
| 61                                                                                                                                                           |
|                                                                                                                                                              |
| -                                                                                                                                                            |
|                                                                                                                                                              |
| To assist with COVID-19 induced financial stress, other schemes were implemented in addition to distribution under the National Food Security Act.  Ration   |
| cards under the ONORC scheme made it easier for migratory workers to access subsidised food grains.  2.8 crore migrants received 5 kg foodgrains free of     |
| cost between May and June, when the national lockdown was in place.                                                                                          |
| 62                                                                                                                                                           |
|                                                                                                                                                              |

## Labour

Coverage of 60 lakh farmers, agricultural labourers, labourers from the unorganised sector, and traders under various pension schemes. 
- 
In 2019, the central government launched three schemes providing for a minimum pension of Rs 3,000 per month to small and marginal farmers, workers in the organised sector, and traders.  All three are voluntary and contributory schemes with entry age between 18 and 40 years.  Beneficiaries must give monthly contributions ranging from Rs 55 to Rs 200, as specified, which will be matched by the government.63,64,65  As of January 3, 2021, the three schemes have a total of 61.24 lakh registered beneficiaries.66   
| Scheme                                                                                                                                                          |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan                                                                                                                                  |
| Dhan Yojana                                                                                                                                                     |
| Workers from unorganised sector.                                                                                                                                |
| Income of less than                                                                                                                                             |
| Rs 15,000 per month                                                                                                                                             |
| 39,70,930                                                                                                                                                       |
| Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maan Dhan                                                                                                                                  |
| Yojana                                                                                                                                                          |
| Small farmers                                                                                                                                                   |
| Cultivable land of up                                                                                                                                           |
| to two hectares                                                                                                                                                 |
| 21,10,738                                                                                                                                                       |
| National Pension Scheme for Traders                                                                                                                             |
| and Self-Employed Persons                                                                                                                                       |
| Shopkeepers, self-employed                                                                                                                                      |
| persons, and retail traders                                                                                                                                     |
| GST turnover of less                                                                                                                                            |
| than Rs 1.5 crore                                                                                                                                               |
| 43,183                                                                                                                                                          |
|                                                                                                                                                                 |
| Labour codes will be codified.                                                                                                                                  |
| -                                                                                                                                                               |
|                                                                                                                                                                 |
| Three Codes regulating labour were passed by the Parliament in September, 2020: (i) the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020           |
| consolidated 13 existing Acts regulating health, safety, and working conditions; (ii) the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 replaced three labour laws regulating |
| trade unions, industrial disputes, and standing orders; and (iii) the Code on Social Security, 2020 replaced nine laws related to social security.              |
| 67,68,69                                                                                                                                                        |
|                                                                                                                                                                 |

- 
Draft Rules under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 were released in October, 2020 for public comments.70  Draft Rules under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 and the Code on Social Security, 2020 were released in November, 2020.71,72   

## Health

More than 27,000 Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) under the Ayushman Bharat scheme 

- 
The scheme seeks to establish HWCs which provide comprehensive primary healthcare and cover maternal, child health services and non-communicable diseases.  As of November, 2020, 50,025 HWCs have been established in 35 states and union territories, wherein 28.1 crore persons have sought care.73 Rs 1,600 has been allocated towards the scheme in the 2020-21 budget.74 

Free treatment for 75 lakh poor under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana.   

- 
The scheme seeks to provide a coverage of up to five lakh rupees per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation to poor and vulnerable families.  As of November, 2020, 1.4 crore persons have been admitted under the scheme and Rs 17,535 crore has been authorised for admissions. 24,653 hospitals have been empanelled under the scheme.75  Rs 6,400 crore was allocated towards the scheme in the 2020-21 union budget, which is a 100% increase from the 2019-20 revised estimates of Rs 3,200 crore.74  

Policy Priority 
Current Status 

- 
Under the Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana, commonly used generic drugs are sold at affordable prices at Jan Aushadhi Kendras to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure in healthcare.76  As of August, 2020, there were 6,511 Jan Aushadhi Kendras operating across the country.77 

Affordable medicines for serious ailments through more than 6,000 Jan Aushadhi Kendras 

## Education

- 
The SWAYAM portal was launched in 2017 to increase access to quality education through an integrated platform for online courses.  As of January, 2020, more than 2,800 courses are offered and over 5 lakh students have obtained certificates under it.  1.2 crore students are enrolled in the courses.78  In the 2020-21 budget, Rs 75 crore was allocated towards setting up of virtual classrooms and online courses, in comparison to Rs 130 crore in 2019-20.79 
'Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM) 2' has been introduced to strengthen the online education system. 

- 
The National Education Policy, 2020, released on July 30, 2020, included the following recommendations towards inclusive digital education: (i) development of interface for online classes, (ii) creation of digital repository for coursework, (iii) use of channels like radio and TV in multiple languages where digital infrastructure is lacking, (iv) creation of virtual labs, and (v) training of teachers to become high quality online content creators.80 
- 
Key features of guidelines for digital education in schools include: (i) provision for categorisation of households based on availability of digital infrastructure through a survey, (ii) teachers to device comprehensive plans based on factors including availability of digital devices and special needs, and (iii) cap on the screen time and total online activities of teachers per day.81  
- 
4.4% of rural households have access to a computer (excludes smartphones), and nearly 15% have access to internet facility.  Amongst urban households, 42% have access to internet.  Table 19 details access to computer and internet in households and ability to use them among children aged 5-14. Table 19: Access and ability to use Computer and Internet (2017-18)82  

Households having internet 
Particular 
Households having 
computers 
Rural 
4.4% 
14.9% 
5.1% 
5.1% 
Urban 
23.4% 
42.0% 
21.3% 
19.7% 
Overall 
10.7% 
23.8% 
9.1% 
8.8% 

Note: Computer does not include smartphone. Ability to use computer means to be able to carry out any of the tasks such as: (i) copying or moving a file/folder, (ii) sending emails, (iii) transferring files between a computer and other devices, among others. Ability to use internet means to be able to use the internet browser for website navigation, using e-mail or social networking applications. 

More than Rs 37,000 crore has been sanctioned through the Higher Education Funding Agency (HEFA) for the modernisation of 75 educational institutions. 

- 
HEFA is tasked with the creation of high-quality infrastructure in premier educational institutions.  All the centrally funded higher educational institutions are eligible for joining as members of the HEFA.  Note that HEFA is jointly promoted by Canara Bank and the Ministry of Human Resource Development with an authorised capital of Rs 10,000 crore.83  HEFA has been tasked to mobilise one lakh crore rupees to meet the infrastructure needs of higher educational institutions by 2022.  In the 2020-21 budget, HEFA was allocated Rs 2,200 crore, an increase from the 2019-20 allocation of Rs 2,100 crore.  As of January 2020, Rs 25,564 crore has been sanctioned by HEFA, of which Rs 5,537 crore has been disbursed to 75 educational institutes.84 

## Social Justice And Minority Affairs

Over 6.6 crore women have joined self-help groups which provide loans at low interest rates. 

- 
The National Rural Livelihoods Mission aims to reduce poverty by providing rural poor with institutional platforms to increase household income through enhancements in livelihood and improved access to financial services.  The Aajeevika scheme within the mission, seeks to establish self-help groups led by women in rural households.85  In 2020-21, the Mission was allocated Rs 9,210 crore, which is an increase from the 2019-20 allocation of Rs 9,024 crore.86 As of January 2021, there are 66.7 lakh self-help groups operating under the scheme with 7.3 crore members.87 

|          | Ability to use computer    | Ability to use internet in    |
|----------|----------------------------|-------------------------------|
| facility | in age group 5-14          | age group 5-14                |
Policy Priority 
Current Status 

- 
Mission Indradhanush aims to cover unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children in areas with low immunization coverage.  It seeks to immunise children against 12 diseases.  Under the scheme, 3.6 crore children and 91.4 lakh pregnant women have been vaccinated, as of February, 2020.88   

Under Mission Indradhanush, 3.5 crore infants and 90 lakh pregnant women have been vaccinated. Under the Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana, Rs 5,000 crore has been transferred to bank accounts of 1.2 crore women. 

- 
The Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana is a conditional cash transfer scheme to provide compensation for the wage loss of pregnant women and lactating mothers.  The scheme seeks to ensure that women can take adequate rest before and after delivery (for the first living child) and not be deprived of proper nutrition.89  Under the scheme, Rs 5,000 is paid in three instalments through direct benefit transfer for the birth of the first child.  In 2020-21, the scheme was allocated Rs 2,500 crore, which is an increase from the 2019-20 allocation of Rs 2,300 crore.86  As of January 2020, maternity benefits of Rs 5,300 crore have been credited to the bank accounts of 1.2 crore beneficiaries.90 
- 
One stop centre: These were set up under the National Mission for Empowerment of Women launched in 2015 to support women affected by violence. These provide various services such as police, medical, legal, and psycho-social aid alongside shelter.  As of September, 2020, 733 centres have been approved, of which 684 are operational.91 

Steps have been taken to enhance women's safety.  These include the setting up of more than 600 one-stop centres, 1,000 fast track special courts, and women helpdesks in every police station have been proposed to be established. 

- 
Fast track courts:  The Department of Justice sought to set up 1,023 courts, including 634 fast-track courts for fast trial and disposal of pending cases related to rape and 389 courts dealing exclusively with children's sexual abuse in 2019.92  Of these, 918, including 597 fast track courts and 321 courts dealing with children's sexual abuse have been made operational, as of December, 2020.93    
- 
Women helpdesks: These helpdesks are headed by a female police officer and officers working as part of the helpdesks will be specially trained for this purpose.94  In 2020-21, Rs 100 crore was allotted for the establishment of women helpdesks in 10,000 police stations.95 

## Parliamentary And Administrative Affairs

New record for performance in last seven decades created in the first session of the 17th Lok Sabha.  

- 
The 2020 Monsoon session was held 175 days after the 2020 Budget session which is the longest gap between two sessions as of January, 2021, without intervening general elections.  The gap was six days less than the six-month limit between two sessions prescribed in the Constitution.  The election for the post of Deputy Speaker in Lok Sabha has not been conducted after 464 days from the commencement of the first session.  This is the longest period in Lok Sabha without a Deputy Speaker.  Question Hour was suspended during the 2020 Monsoon session, which has only happened before during the 1971 war and during the Emergency.96 The year 2020 saw the least number of sitting days in any calendar year (33 days) as the Winter Session was not held. 
- 
Table 20 discusses performance of the Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha.  40 Bills were introduced in Parliament during the 2019 Budget session, of which 30 Bills were passed during the same session.  This is the highest for any session in the last 10 years.97 
Table 20: Performance of Parliament in 17th Lok Sabha98 

| Session                                                                                                                                                             |   Budget, 2019  |   Winter, 2019  |   Budget, 2020  |   Monsoon, 2020  |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-----------------|-----------------|------------------|
| Number of Bills Introduced                                                                                                                                          |             40  |             18  |             19  |              22  |
| Number of Bills Passed                                                                                                                                              |             30  |             15  |             12  |              27  |
| Number of Bills referred to Committees                                                                                                                              |              2  |              7  |              0  |               2  |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| Tribunal system is being reformed.                                                                                                                                  |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| -                                                                                                                                                                   |                 |                 |                 |                  |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| The Tribunal, Appellate Tribunal and other Authorities (Qualifications, Experience and other Conditions of Service of Members) Rules, 2020 were notified in         |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| February, 2020.  The Rules established the qualification, conditions of service and term of members of 19 tribunals.                                                |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| 99                                                                                                                                                                  |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| The Supreme Court in a November,                                                                                                                                    |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| 2020 passed a judgement on several aspects of the rules.                                                                                                            |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| 100                                                                                                                                                                 |                 |                 |                 |                  |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| -                                                                                                                                                                   |                 |                 |                 |                  |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| Highlights of the judgement include: (i) the central government must constitute an independent body to supervise appointment to and functioning of                  |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| tribunals, (ii) advocates with experience of 10 years will be eligible for appointment as judicial members in tribunals, (iii) tribunal members will have a term of |                 |                 |                 |                  |
| Policy Priority                                                                                                                                          |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| five years instead of four years, and (iv) the central government must make all tribunal appointments within three months of the recommendations made by |
| the Selection Committee.                                                                                                                                 |
| 100                                                                                                                                                      |
|                                                                                                                                                          |

## Transport And Infrastructure

Rs 100 lakh crore will be invested to develop infrastructure over the next five years. 
- 
An outlay of Rs 100 lakh crore over five years towards infrastructure projects was announced by the Finance Minister as part of the 2019-20 budget speech. A 2020 task force constituted to draw up a National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) of projects projected a capital expenditure of Rs 111 lakh crore in infrastructure sectors between 2019-20 to 2024-25.  Of this, 79% is expected to be made by the government (39% by the centre and 40% by states), and the rest 21% by the private sector.  83-85% of the NIP will be financed through direct allocations, debt financing, equity from private developers, external aid, and internal accruals of PSUs.101  As of January 2021, 7,410 projects with a project cost of Rs 131 lakh crore have been sanctioned.  Of these, 1,742 projects are under development.102  Table 21 shows the sector-wise progress under the NIP. 
Table 21: Projects under the National Infrastructure Pipeline (till January, 2021) (in Rs lakh crore)103 
Social 
Particular 
Transport 
Energy 
Water and 
Sanitation 
Infrastructure 
Commercial 
Infrastructure 
Logistics 
Communication 
Total 
Number of projects 
3,646 
519 
1,330 
1,094 
627 
155 
39 
7,410 
Project Cost (Rs lakh crore) 
54.4 
29.8 
20.8 
16.8 
5.9 
2.7 
0.8 
131 
% of total projects 
49.2% 
17.9% 
14.8% 
8.5% 
7% 
2.1% 
0.5% 
- 
 
Under the third phase of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, 1.25 lakh km of roads will be constructed and upgraded. 

- 
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) aims to connect all eligible unconnected habitations in rural areas with all-weather roads.  The scheme has been allocated Rs 19,500 crore in 2020-21, which is an increase from the 2019-20 allocation of Rs 19,000 crore.123  Phase three of PMGSY was launched in 2019 for the consolidation of 1.2 lakh kilometres of roadways through rural links and routes.104   

Table 22: Progress made under PMGSY (in km)105 
Period 
2015-16 
2016-17 
2017-18 
2018-19 
2019-20 
2020-21 (as of January, 2021) 
Target road length 
33,649 
48,812 
51,000 
57,700 
50,097 
66,784 
Completed road length 
35,155 
47,446 
48,746 
16,856 
27,301 
15,336 
% of targets achieved 
104.5% 
97.2% 
95.6% 
29.2% 
54.5% 
23% 

- 
The Standing Committee on Rural Development (2018-19) noted that the pace of work under the scheme has been really low, especially in hilly states like Uttarakhand.  It recommended that the pace of completion of projects be increased to ensure achievement of the target of the scheme.106  
Under the UDAN scheme, 335 new air routes were approved and 35 lakh people have travelled by air in 2019.   

- 
The Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik (UDAN) scheme was launched in 2016 to facilitate regional air connectivity at affordable prices.  Under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)-UDAN, new routes have been sanctioned.107  As of July, 2020, 766 routes have been sanctioned under the scheme, of which 274 are operational.108  84 new routes were approved between August-October, 2020.109,110,111  As of December, 2019, 34.7 lakh passenger have flown in under the scheme.112  Air travel was halted during the national lockdown and has faced challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including low occupancy, fare capping and prolonged suspension in some routes.113,114,115 

## Urban And Rural Development

Rs 25,000 crore fund has been provided for the completion of stalled housing projects. 

- 
A Special Window for Completion of Affordable and Mid-Income Housing (SWAMIH Investment Fund) was established in 2019 to aid the completion of stalled housing projects in the affordable and middle-income housing sector that are net-worth positive.116  There are about 1,509 housing projects comprising 4.58 lakh housing units, which are in the stalled category.  90% of stalled projects are a part of the affordable and mid-income segment.117   

| Policy Priority                                                                                                                                             | Current Status    |
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
| -                                                                                                                                                           |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                             |                   |
| The government had proposed to infuse up to Rs 10,000 crore, and collect Rs 15,000 from other contributors including banks and the Life Insurance           |                   |
| Corporation of India.  14 investors including the SBI and HDFC had contributed in the first round of fund raising and documentation for Rs 10,530 crore had |                   |
| been finished.                                                                                                                                              |                   |
| 118                                                                                                                                                         |                   |
| As of December 1, 2020, an investment of Rs 13,191 crore has been sanctioned for 135 projects.  This is expected to benefit 86,777                          |                   |
| housing units.                                                                                                                                              |                   |
| 119                                                                                                                                                         |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                             |                   |
| Housing for two crore poor people                                                                                                                           |                   |
| -                                                                                                                                                           |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                             |                   |
| Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) was launched to provide housing for all by 2022.  It has two components: PMAY-Urban and PMAY-Gramin.                      |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                             |                   |
| Table 23: Houses completed under the programme (in crores)                                                                                                  |                   |
| 120,121                                                                                                                                                     |                   |
| PMAY                                                                                                                                                        | Houses sanctioned |
| Gramin                                                                                                                                                      | 1.87              |
| Urban                                                                                                                                                       | 1.09              |
| Total                                                                                                                                                       | 2.96              |
| Note: This information was last updated in January 18, 2021.                                                                                                |                   |
|                                                                                                                                                             |                   |

- 
The budgetary allocation towards the Urban component of the scheme for 2020-21 is Rs 8,000 crore.  This is a 17% increase over the revised estimates for 2019-20.122  For rural housing, the allocation in 2020-21 was Rs 19,500, which was an increase from the 2019-20 allocation of Rs 19,000 crore.123  In November, 2020, an additional Rs. 18,000 crores were allocated towards the PMAY (Urban) scheme for 2020-21 for the grounding of 12 lakhs houses and completion of 18 lakh houses. 
- 
The Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme for middle income group (annual income between Rs 6 lakh and Rs 18 lakh) under the PMAY (Urban) scheme has been in force since 2017.  It seeks to provide grants on home loans by eligible urban poor or middle-income group for acquisition, construction or enhancement of houses. The government estimates that this will bring in an investment of Rs 70,000 crore in the housing sector and benefit 2.5 lakh families.124  Between January 2017 and November 2019, 2.3 lakh families have benefitted from this scheme.125   

Rural areas have been declared to be free from open defecation.  

- 
38.7% of districts in India were free from open defecation in 2014, when the Swachh Bharat Mission was launched.126  100% of districts were declared to be free from open defecation in October, 2020.  As of January, 2021, 10.74 crore household toilets have been built under the Mission and 16.4 crore households have a toilet.126 
- 
The Standing Committee on Rural Development (2018) highlighted the following challenges: (i) a village with 100% household toilets cannot be declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) till all the inhabitants start using them, (ii) toilets have been constructed with low quality of raw materials or without provision of water availability, and (iii) fall back rate of ODF declared villages has been very high due to filing of wrong information and non-sustainability of toilets.127 

## Energy - Table 24 Discusses Lpg Area Coverage In India And Other Key Indicators Between 2015 And 2020. Table 24: Key Indicators On Lpg Coverage In India Between 2015 And 2020128

India is moving towards a gas-based economy.  LPG coverage in India has increased from 55% to 97%.   
Parameter 
April-2015 
April-2016 
April-2017 
April-2018 
April-2019 
April-2020 
December-2020 
LPG Coverage (% of area) 
56.2% 
62% 
72.8% 
80.9% 
94.3% 
97.5% 
99.3% 
Number of LPG Distributors 
15,930 
17,916 
18,786 
20,146 
23,737 
24,670 
24,782 
Number of LPG Bottling plants 
187 
188 
189 
190 
192 
196 
198 
 
Free gas connections have been provided to eight crore poor people.   

- 
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched in May 2016 with the objective of providing Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) connections to women from below poverty line (BPL) households.  In 2020, more than 11.9 crore cylinders worth Rs 9,700 crore were booked and delivered, as of June, 2020.129 

| Policy Priority                                                                                                                                                     |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| -                                                                                                                                                                   |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |
| A 2019 report by the Comptroller and Auditor General of on the scheme included the following findings: (i) while LPG coverage in India has increased from           |
| 62% to 94% in 2016-19, average annual refill consumption continues to be low, pointing to lack of sustained usage by beneficiaries, (ii) only 19% of total          |
| connections were installed within seven days of giving details, pointing to delays in installations, (iii) there is a risk of domestic cylinders being diverted for |
| commercial purposes in high consumption cases, and (iv) there is a lack of performance indicators in the scheme.                                                    |
| 130                                                                                                                                                                 |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |
| Rs 9,000 crore has been sanctioned for the                                                                                                                          |
| North-East Gas Grid Project.                                                                                                                                        |
| -                                                                                                                                                                   |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |
| The project is being undertaken by the Indradhanush Gas Grid Limited, which is a joint venture of five central public-sector enterprises.  Viability Gap            |
| Funding (VGF) of 60% of the projected cost of Rs 9,265 crore was approved by the Cabinet in January, 2019.                                                          |
| 131                                                                                                                                                                 |
| VGF gives a one-time capital subsidy for                                                                                                                            |
| projects considered unattractive for complete private investment.  As of December 31, 2020, 1,544 km of the total proposed 1,656 km of the project has              |
| been laid.                                                                                                                                                          |
| 132                                                                                                                                                                 |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |
| Free electricity connections have been                                                                                                                              |
| provided to over 2.5 crore people.                                                                                                                                  |
| -                                                                                                                                                                   |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |
| The Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (SAUBHAGYA) was launched in 2017 to achieve universal household electrification.  Between October                    |
| 2019 and November 2020, 2.8 crore households were electrified under the scheme.  Rs 6,220 crore was released by the government for the implementation               |
| of this scheme in 2020-21.                                                                                                                                          |
| 133                                                                                                                                                                 |
|                                                                                                                                                                     |

- 
The Ministry of Power noted that the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown have adversely impacted finances of the power sector.  Under the Aatma Nirbhar Scheme, discoms, central government owned power generating companies, and rural electrification and power finance corporations were provided aid to ensure liquidity in the energy sector.    

India will produce 450 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2030. 

- 
In 2019, the Ministry of Power set a target of increasing India's RE capacity to 450 GW by 2030. As of December, 2020, India's RE capacity is 221 GW (49% of the target).134   As of January 2021, RE formed 24% of India's installed power capacity and 11% of electrical energy generation capacity135 

| Parameter            | Solar Power    | Hydro    | Wind Power    | Bio Energy    |
|----------------------|----------------|----------|---------------|---------------|
| Round-the-           |                |          |               |               |
| clock Power          |                |          |               |               |
| Wind Solar Hybrid    | Total          |          |               |               |
| Installed Capacity   | 36.32          | 49.7     | 38.26         | 10.31         |
| Under Implementation | 37.1           | 13.4     | 8.99          | 0             |
| Tendered             | 21.21          | -        | -             | -             |
| Total                | 94.63          | 63.2     | 47.25         | 10.31         |

 
- 
PM-KUSUM was launched in March 2019 for solarisation of agriculture pumps.136  The scheme aims to add solar and other renewable capacity with total financial support of Rs 34,035 crore from the central government between 2017 and 2022. In 2020, the targets under the scheme were increased from the installation of 17.5 lakh pumps generating 25.8GW to 20 lakh pumps generating 30.8GW of energy.137    
17 lakh solar pumps will be provided to farmers under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyaan (PM- KUSUM). 

- 
5,000 small solar power plants, 7 lakh standalone solar pumps and solarisation of 4 lakh grid connected pumps were targeted for sanction in 2020-21.134 1000 small plants through small power plants, 1.7 lakh standalone solar water pumps and solarisation of 69,008 grid-connected pumps were sanctioned by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in 2019-20.  

## Water And Environment

Under the Jal Jeevan Mission, Rs 3.6 lakh crore will be spent to ensure availability of potable drinking water to each rural household in sufficient quantity. 

- 
The Jal Jeevan Mission was launched in 2019 with the aim to provide functional tap water connection to every rural household by 2024.  As of January, 2021, tap water connections have been added in 91,121 households (0.04% of total number of rural households).  6.4 crore households (33.5% of total households) have tap water connections as of January 5, 2021.138  In 2020-21, the scheme received an allocation of Rs 11,500 crore, which is an increase from the revised estimates of 2019-20 (Rs 10,001 crore).139 

| Policy Priority                              |
|----------------------------------------------|
| Under the Namami Gange mission, projects     |
| worth Rs 7.2 lakh crore have been completed. |

- 
The mission was launched with the objective of rejuvenation of Ganga and its tributaries through activities such as treatment of municipal sewage and industrial effluents, river surface cleaning, rural sanitation, and afforestation.140  Rs 12,324 crore have been allocated for the implementation of the Mission between 2014-15 and 2019-20.141,142  As of September, 2020, 315 projects have been sanctioned at a cost of Rs 28,854 crore, of which 132 projects have been completed.141 
- 
The Standing Committee on Water Resources (2017-18) had noted that the physical progress under the scheme has not been satisfactory.143  In response to the Committee's observations, the Ministry highlighted the following bottlenecks in implementation: (i) delay in tendering process, (ii) non-availability of land for sewage treatment plants leading to delay in execution of projects, (iii) underutilisation of sewage treatment plants' capacities due to inadequate house sewer connections in cities, and (iv) non-effective implementation of public outreach programmes and community consultation, among others.144 

The National Clean Air Programme is being implemented in 102 cities to address challenges posed by air pollution. 

- 
The National Clean Air Programme was launched in January 2019 to set national level targets of reducing PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants by 20-30%, by 2024 (as compared to 2017 levels).145  The programme enables the Central Pollution Control Board to identify cities that do not comply with the notified National Ambient Air Quality Standards.  The CPCB identified 122 such cities on the basis of air quality data from 2014-18.146  Rs 225 crore was released to the State Pollution Control Boards during 2019-20.147  In 2020-21, Rs 460 crore has been allocated for the control of pollution through financial assistance to pollution control Boards and Committees, alongside funding to the Programme.148   
- 
The Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Ordinance, 2020 was promulgated in October, 2020.  The Ordinance establishes a Commission for better co-ordination, research, identification, and resolution of problems related to air quality in the national capital region (NCR) and adjoining areas, including Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.149  
- 
Key findings of an Indian Council of Medical Research-led paper discussing the economic impact and disease burden attributable to air pollution include: (i)17 lakh deaths in 2019 (18% of total deaths) can be attributed to air pollution, (ii) the economic loss due to lost output from premature deaths and morbidity was 1.4% of the GDP or Rs 2.6 lakh crore, (iii) between 1990 and 2019, death rate from outdoor ambient air pollution increased by 115%. 

## Science And Technology

- 
The project was launched in 2011 to provide connectivity to 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) through optical fibre.  As of January, 2021, 1.63 lakh GPs have been connected by laying out 4.89 lakh km of optical fibre cable.  Of these, 1.5 lakh GPs are service ready on satellite media.150,151 
Under the BharatNet Scheme, more than 1.25 lakh Gram Panchayats have been connected with high-speed broadband. The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 was introduced in Parliament to protect data privacy. 

- 
The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 was introduced in Lok Sabha in December, 2019.  It seeks to provide for protection of personal data of individuals, and establishes a Data Protection Authority for the same.152  The Bill was referred to a Joint Parliamentary Committee in December 2019.  The report of the Committee is due to be presented in Parliament.153 
The Chandrayaan-3 project has been approved. 

- 
Chandrayaan-3 will be the third lunar exploration developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).  The launch is tentatively scheduled for the first half of 2021.  Its configuration has been refined based on learnings from Chandrayaan-2, in terms of capacity and design.154 
ISRO is working on a manned spacecraft programme, Gaganyaan.   Under the programme, two unmanned missions will be launched before sending humans to space.   

- 
An expenditure of Rs 9,023 crore has been approved for the programme.  The total cost of the programme is estimated to be within Rs 10,000 crore, which includes the cost of technology development, flight hardware realisation, and developing essential infrastructure elements.  Space flight training for four astronaut candidates and national collaboration on design, development, and delivery has commenced.  Four biological and two physical science related experiments from academic institutions have been shortlisted for the unmanned missions. 
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President's Speech 2020