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+A few years ago, here at TED, Peter Skillman hired a design competition called "Jaallowallowallowallow."
+The idea is pretty simple. Four team have to be able to free the biggest of spaghetti with 20 spaghetti sauce, about a meter of people building and a marshmallow.
+The marshmallow has to be on top.
+And, although it really seems like it's really easy, it's actually hard to work because people are putting it together very quickly.
+And so I thought this was an interesting idea, and I've turned it into a design shop.
+It was a huge success.
+Since then, I've done about 70 workshops globally, with students, engineers, and architects, even with CTO-Dohs, the Fortune Fortune services, and there's something about this deep in nature that enables you to share some of these things with you.
+Normally, most people start orienting themselves to the task.
+They talk about what it's going to look like, it's in power, it's in terms of power.
+then you spend a little bit of time in planning and organization. You come up with spaghetti sauce.
+They spend most of their time growing up these structures.
+And then finally, just before they get off the marshmallow, someone takes it to the marshmallow and they take it to the top, step back and admire their work.
+But what happens is, almost always happens, the "a-da-uh-o" becomes the weight of the marshmallow, because the weight of the marshmallow causes the whole thing and engulfs.
+There are a number of people who have much more oh-oh-uh-oh-oment eyes than others, and among the worst, fresh things are stumbling.
+They lie; they're confused; they're really confused and producing needy shapes.
+And of course, there are also a lot more teams that have "tad" and "the best case students of kindergarten."
+And that's pretty amazing.
+As Peter told us, not only did Peter produce them, but the most interesting structures of all.
+What they may ask is: How is that? Why? What about those?
+And Peter said, "Keel's kids spend time at delivering spaghetti sauce."
+They don't spend a lot of time fighting.
+But there's another reason as well.
+And it's that theWL students were trained to find a plan, OK.
+And then realizing it.
+What happens when they put the marshmallow on the top, they don't have time anymore, and what happens?
+It's a crisis.
+Sounds familiar, what?
+What kindergarten kids do is they start out with the marshmallow and prototypes, successful prototypes, always at the top of the marshmallow so they can fix more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more and more.
+These kinds of constructions recognize this way as the core of an Italian process.
+And every trial, the children will get immediate feedback, which doesn't work.
+So the performance is to work with prototypes, but let's see how different teams work.
+The average number for most people is about 50/bad students, half of them, with lawyers, and much more than they do: we do a lot more, and kindergarten kids are much better than adults.
+Who is the most successful?
+Fortunately, architects and engineers, fortunately.
+One is the top thing I've seen.
+And why? Because they understand triangles and self-assembly geometric patterns, the key to build stable structures.
+CEOs are a little bit over average, but here's where it gets interesting.
+Put in an exclamation program, they will get significantly better.
+It's amazing. You look around you and you see, "This team is going to win."
+You can predict that. Why is that?
+Because they have special skills of the process.
+They're going to lead the process, understand it.
+And that team, which is viewed and despite the fact that they're going to improve performance in teams.
+Clearly, special skills and abilities lead to the combination of success.
+If you have 10 teams that kind of stuff you're going to get about 6, the stable structures.
+So I tried something very exciting.
+I thought we'd bring the poker icon.
+So I offered a $3,000 price point of software for the winners.
+What happened to you with those design students?
+What was the result?
+This is what happened. Not a team had a stable structure.
+If any one had built a 2.5-foot construction, it would have carried the price back home.
+So isn't it interesting that high beas are having a strong effect?
+And we repeated this exercise with the same students.
+So what do you think happened?
+Now you get the advantage of the "Prototyping."
+That's how, from the same, bad team, became one among the best.
+They produced the highest construction in the least times.
+So there's this profound lesson for us, about nature's proliferate and success.
+You might ask: Why would someone actually spend a good time making marshmallow...?
+The reason is I'm helping create digital tools and processes to help teams, video games, and I'm doing "Vise Effects."
+And what the marshmallow does is it helps them identify hidden assumptions.
+Because frankly, every project has its own marshmallow.
+The challenge provides a shared experience, a common language, a common language, a common language to build, a proper prototype.
+And this is the value of the experience, this simple exercise.
+And those of you who are interested in that can visit marshmallow.com.
+It's a blog where you see the marshmallow built.
+There's a step-by-step record there.
+You find crazy examples from all over the world, like people are generating and uplifting the system.
+There is also world record.
+And the lessons, I think, is really a toy around sport.
+It requires that we all make our sense of the task and that we use our thinking optimally and our feelings, in the challenge that we face.
+And sometimes a little prototype of this experience requires everything that we know from one "uh-oda" moment to moment.
+And that can make a big difference.
+Thank you.
+Let's pretend we're a machine like this.
+It's a big machine, a cool, TED, and this is a time machine.
+And everybody in this room has to go inside.
+And you can go into the past, you can go into the future; you can't stay here and now.
+And I wonder what you would choose, because I've often asked my friends this question a lot lately, and they wanted to go to the past.
+I don't know. They wanted to go back to the time before there was a car or Twitter or "Ano."
+I don't know.
+I'm convinced you're kind of drawn to the nomad in the way.
+And I get it.
+I'm not part of this group, I have to say.
+I don't want to go into the past, and that's not because I'm an adventure.
+It's because opportunities don't go back to the planet, they go forward.
+So I want to go into this machine, and I want to go into the future.
+This is the greatest period ever, the planet, no matter what scale you're planning: health, wealth, mobile phones, sinking diseases.
+There was never before, like, a time ago.
+My great-grandfathers died all when they were 60.
+My grandparents stayed up in the 1970s.
+My parents are on the 80s.
+So there should be a better nine at the start of my death.
+But it's not even about people like us, because this is a bigger thing than that.
+A child born in New Delhi today can expect to live as long as the richest man on the planet 100 years ago.
+Think about it. That's an incredible fact.
+And why is that?
+The smallpox. The smallpox killed billions of people on this planet.
+They shaped the demographics of the Earth in a way that no war has ever done.
+They're gone. They're gone.
+We've forced them. Exactly.
+In the rich world, there are diseases that exist only one generation ago that we have yet to see.
+Dip, tube...
+Anyone know what this is?
+vaccines, modern medicine, our ability to feed billions of people, and these are the opportunities for scientific method.
+And from my view, scientific method is to try to look at things like, see if it works, it doesn't do it, one of the greatest achievements of humanity.
+So that's the good news.
+Unfortunately, the whole good news is that, because there are some other problems that have been mentioned, and they've been talked a lot.
+And one of them is that, despite all our achievements, a billion people in the world, they go to bed every day.
+This number goes up, and it goes up very rapidly, and that's damaged.
+And not only that, we have used our imagination to make this world a little bit more comfortable.
+drinking water, land, rainwater, oil, gas: water, it disappears, and if we don't eat out of chaos, we will also go away.
+So the question is, can we do that? I think there is.
+I think it's clear that we can produce food that will feed billions of people without the land that they live on.
+I think we can power this world to the energy that doesn't destroy it at the same time.
+I really believe that, and no, that's not a wish.
+But this keeps me awake -- one of the things that I've done is we've never used scientific advances in the past the way that it's never, nor the same.
+We've never been able to, ever get him a chance to, just as we can today.
+We are at the threshold of an amazing event, amazing events. And yet I really think that we have to go back in the course of 300 years to find a time when we've fought these things in a more illustrative, more front-line silk than we are now.
+People go in and they're so engaged in their faith that you can't free them.
+Not even the truth will liberate it.
+And listen, everyone's rightly arguing on their opinion, even a right to progress.
+But you know what you're right about?
+They don't have a right to their own fact.'" They don't.
+And I needed some time to figure that out.
+About a decade ago, I wrote an article about "The New Yorker" for a little article.
+And I was amazed to run resistance towards what was most effective at the end of human health in the history of mankind.
+I didn't know what to do, so I just did what I was always going to do, I wrote an article and I went on.
+And soon after that, I wrote an article about technical food.
+Same thing, only bigger.
+People were playing crazy.
+So I also wrote a paper about this, and I couldn't understand why people thought that was sick, why they thought a molecule, that molecule was a particular way to move around to nature in a way that was nature's field.
+But, you know, I do what I do. I wrote the article, I kept doing it.
+I mean, I'm a journalist.
+We're typing, we're going to pass it on, that's okay.
+But I was worried about these papers, and I couldn't figure out why, and finally I found it.
+And that's because those fanaticals that made me mad at all were not a fan of a fan.
+These were reasser people, educated people.
+They were just like the people in this room.
+And that got me thinking of the way...
+But then I thought, you know what, let's face it.
+We're at a point where we're not the same ratio as progressed.
+We're talking about the same thing as a European one.
+We're talking ironicly about that, with little performance sign, "Forget."
+Okay, so there's a reason, and I think we know what the reasons are.
+We have the confidence in institutions, in authority, and sometimes in science, and there is no reason why it shouldn't be that way.
+You can just name a few names and people will understand.
+Tried to Bhopal, the Challenger, the Challenger, Vioxx, mass destruction, the U.S. presidential elections.
+I mean, you know, you can choose your own list.
+There are questions and problems with the people we thought they'd be right. So be skeptical.
+Ask questions, demand evidence.
+Take nothing for granted.
+But here's the thing: If you have to adopt the evidence, and you're not good at it.
+And I can say this for the reason that we live in an epidemic of fear, and I've never seen it, hopefully, ever again.
+About 12 years ago, a story was published, a terrible story, that brought autism epidemics with the mastoscope, Mumps, X-rays.
+Very scary.
+And many studies were done to see if this was true.
+We've done a lot of studies on this; this is serious business.
+The data came in.
+The data came in from the U.S., from England, from Canada, and they were all the same, no correlation, no connectivity.
+It doesn't matter. It doesn't matter because we believe in anecdotes, we believe what we see, what we believe in what we actually feel.
+We don't believe in a cliche of government documents that gives us the data, and I think that's what we all do.
+But you know what?
+The result of that was catastrophic.
+catastrophicly because of this fact, America is one of the only countries in the world where the vaccine rate goes down for masturbation.
+This is a sandy thing, and we should be ashamed.
+It's awful.
+What happened is we were able to do that.
+Well, I understand that. I do.
+Because does anybody have masturbs here?
+Has anyone ever see in masto?
+We don't often do very much.
+We don't have a million times in this country, but we have 16 times in the world last year.
+These are a lot of death by Maser, 20 hours per hour.
+But because it's not happening here, we can frightened people like Jenny, and people like Jenny could walk around and illiterate messages from platforms such as Oprah and Larry King Live.
+And they can do that because they don't connect cause and correlation.
+They don't understand that these things seem the same, but almost never are the same.
+And that's something we have to learn, which is very fast.
+This guy was a hero, Jonas Salk.
+He freed us from one of the worst glibs of humanity.
+No fear, no pity, no children, no feces, disappeared.
+The guy in the middle doesn't really do that much.
+His name is Paul Offit.
+He's just developed a rotor with a few other people in a red-Savirus.
+It can save the lives of 400,000 children a year in the developing world.
+Pretty good, right?
+Now, this is good, except Paul's walking around and talking about vaccines and says how valuable they are, and that people should just stop doing it.
+And that's what he really says.
+So Paul is a terrorist.
+When Paul talks in a public audience, he can't speak without armed guards.
+He gets calls at home because people like to tell him that they know where his children go to school.
+And why? Because Paul has done a vaccine.
+I don't need to say that, but vaccines are essential.
+You take them further, you return the diseases, terrible disease, and this is happening.
+We have in this country now Maser.
+And it's getting worse, and pretty soon kids will die from it, because that's just a question of the numbers.
+And they're not just going to die of masturbation.
+What about children? Let's take that. Why not?
+A commander of mine wrote a couple of weeks ago, and she said I'm a little too bad.
+Nobody ever said that.
+She wouldn't tap into her baby. No way to vaccinate.
+Fein.
+Why? Because we don't have children paralyzed, and you know what?
+We had no children in this country yesterday.
+Today, I don't know, maybe somebody in the morning in Lagos who is flying in a plane, and he's flying to Los Angeles right now, now he's over Ohio.
+And he landed in a few hours, and he offers a car, and he comes to Long Beach, and he's going to visit one of these fantastic TED Talks tonight.
+And he doesn't know that he's infected with a similar disease, and we don't know, because that's how the world works.
+This is the planet that we live on. Do not think of that as if it is.
+We love to lie in lies. We love that.
+Have you taken all your vitamin D this morning?
+Echinacea, a little antioxidantium that helps you to jump.
+I know you did this because half of Americans do it every day.
+They take this stuff, and they take alternative cures, and it doesn't make any difference how often we find out they're useless.
+The data is constantly being done.
+You hide your great-grandchildren. More never do.
+That's okay, you want to pay 28 billion dollars for dark urine.
+I'm here to talk to you all.
+Dark Urin, dark.
+Why are we doing this? Why are we doing this?
+Well, I think I understand -- we hate the pharmaceutical industry.
+We hate governments too much. We don't have trust in the system.
+And we shouldn't. Our healthcare system is suck.
+It's cruel to millions of people.
+It's absolutely amazing and cold to kill ourselves, which can afford them.
+So we're going to walk away from here, and where are we going?
+We're running out of the placebo industry.
+That's great. I love placebo industry.
+But, you know, it's a really serious business, because that stuff is crap, and we're spending billions of dollars on it.
+And I have all kinds of little props here.
+None of it -- Gingko, Bechinaceana, Bechina, Bechinai, Acai, I don't even know what that is, but we're spending billions of dollars on it.
+And you know what? If I say this to people, people would care about you, and they're like, "What are you doing? Let's do what they want.
+That's how they feel good."
+And you know what? They're wrong.
+Because I don't care if it's the Minister of Health that says, "Hmm, I'm not going to take my expert's sample of the mammography or some cancer-like patient with a weaponry.
+If you go down to that path of belief and magic and science, you get to a place where you don't want to be.
+They get to Thabo Mbeki in South Africa.
+He killed 400,000 people, because he insisted that red Beet and lemonans are much more effective than antiretroviral drugs, which we know can slow down to the course of AIDS.
+Hundreds of thousands of unreliable deaths in one country that was worse than any other of these diseases.
+Don't tell me there's no consequences to do.
+They have them. They always have them.
+Now, the brainless epidemic in which we're in right now is this absurd struggle between the way we're making food more technological and bio-potent.
+This is an idiot. It has to stop.
+It's a debate about words, metaphors.
+This is ideology, not science.
+Everything that we eat, every record, every branch of Peter, every rose, was changed by the people.
+You know, there were no Mandarins in paradise.
+There was no Cantaloupe clone cloned. There were no Christmas trees. We did all this.
+We've made it one thousand years.
+And some of that worked, and some of it didn't work.
+We've been testing what didn't work.
+We can go more closely. And of course there's risks, but we can do something like vitamin Ais in rice, and that stuff can help millions of people to extend their lives.
+You don't want to do that?
+I have to say, I don't understand that.
+We reject technologically engineered food.
+Why do we do that?
+Now, what I hear is this: many chemicals, pesticides, monocultures, we don't want a big field with a thing, it's wrong.
+We don't want companies to patent life.
+We don't want companies to have seeds.
+And you know what I mean by all this?
+Yeah, you're right. Let's choose that.
+It's true, we have a huge food problem, but that's not science.
+It's not about science.
+It's right, morality, patents.
+You know, the science is not a company.
+She's not a country.
+She's not even an idea; she's a process.
+It's a process, and sometimes it doesn't work, but the idea that we shouldn't allow science to do it, because we're afraid to do a real deal of a deed, and it keeps millions of people away from it.
+You know, over the next 50 years, we'll need to grow 70 percent more food than we are right now.
+These investments in Africa in the last 30 years.
+Be ashamed. Rear.
+They need that, and we're not going to give it to them.
+And why is it that Genomics changes food.
+We don't want to encourage people to eat this red stuff, like a sexioc.
+You're going to be okay, it's half a billion people.
+It's kind of like a potatoes.
+It's just a bunch of calories. It's a chemistry.
+It has no nutrients; it doesn't have a protein, and scientists are building all this stuff.
+And then people could eat that and would not be blind.
+You wouldn't starve, and you know what?
+It would be nice. It wouldn't be Chez Panisse, but it would be nice.
+And all I can say is, why do we fight this?
+I mean, we're asking ourselves, why do we fight this?
+Because we don't want to push genes around.
+It's not about pushing genes around. It's not about chemicals.
+It's not about our ridiculous passion for hormones, our motivation for greater food, more unique foods.
+This is not about Rice crisis, this is about getting people to live, and it's about the highest time, understanding what that means.
+Because you know what?
+If we don't do that, if we're going to be guilty like what we're guilty about, I don't believe in, high-tech column.
+There is no description of what's going on.
+It's selfish, it's ugly, it's our not, and we really have to stop that.
+So after this incredible conversation, you might want to say, "You're still going to go to this ridiculous time machine and go into the future?"
+Anyway. I certainly want that.
+Right now it's in the present, but we have an incredible opportunity.
+We can put these time machine on anything we want.
+We can move them where we want to go, and we're going to move where we want them.
+We've got to have these conversations, and we have to think about, but when we get in the time machine and we're going to be happy to have this.
+I know we can do it, and as far as it is, something that the world needs now.
+Thank you. Thank you.
+When Steve Lopez, the Los Angeles Times, one day, went through the streets in Los Angeles, he heard a wonderful musician.
+She came from a man, an African-American, sympath, if, a homeless man who played only two Saitators.
+Many of you will know the story, because Steves later, a book that was resisted on Robert Downe junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior junior and Jamie Fox as Nathani Anthony Ayn Anthony, the Judasism, who was studying Juilliard career, was tragically over his paranoid early schizophrenia.
+Nathaniel left Juilliard, a nerve-long and 30 years later, he was living homeless on the streets of Skid Row in Los Angeles.
+I recommend you all to watch Steve's book or to see this, not just the wonderful verbalities that have come about between these two men, but also how the music was helped and how it helped them make this instrument, if this was the instrument that allowed -- that is, by thehalfiel of the street to get away from.
+I met Mr. Ayers in 2008, two years ago, Walt Disney Hall.
+He'd just heard a demonstration of Beethoven's first and four symphonies, and he came up behind me to imagine a stage.
+He spoke in a very shaman, and he spoke about Yo-Yo Ma and Hillary Clinton and Hillary Clinton and Hillary Clinton on how the Dodgers would never make it to the baseball World Series, and so that's all because of the former passengers of the first sentence in the Beethoven's Last symphonies.
+We came up to the music. And a few days later, I got an email saying that Nathaniel was interested in teaching me.
+I have to say that Nathaniel had a medical treatment, because he had been treated with electroshocks and handcuffs, a dream that he's had to follow his entire life.
+And as a consequence of this, he's particularly vulnerable to this schizophrenic period. Obviously, sometimes they're so bad that they shattered him, and then in the days when he vanished, he always disappears from the streets and the tortures of his own mind.
+And in fact, at a riot, Nathaniel stage, when we first started in the Walt Disney Hall, and he had this crazy gill of his eyes, and it had been completely lost.
+He was talking about invisible demons and smoking and how someone wanted to poison them.
+I was afraid not to be because of the fear that I could lose it, that he could destroy his relationship to the violin, and that if I started talking about sound and Arpeos and other exciting forms of pedagogy.
+So I just started playing.
+I played the first sentence by Beethoven Violinuszer.
+And as I was playing, I noticed that in Nathaniel, a complete change was happening.
+It was as though it was under the influence of an invisible drug, a chemical reaction from the catalytic toy.
+Nathaniel anger became a resemblance in understanding, and it became a quiet curiosity.
+And as he took his violin and started playing some squatters, and then asked me to play, end of me: Mendel's drone, Tsaikowski, Sibeans.
+So we started talking about music, starting from Bach to Beethoven, Brahms, Braille and all the other guys, from Bartok to Esa-Pasurface.
+And I realized that he not only had an encyclopedia about music, but he shared it with it as well as a personal relationship.
+He was talking to her about a passion, and an understanding that I'd only ever see of my colleagues at the Philharmonicness of Los Angeles.
+And so in a musician, he was talking about musicians, he was out of that paranoid man who had been still at the streets of Los Angeles, a loving, excellent, more educated, more skilled, more thorny, a musician.
+Music is music. It changes us.
+For Nathaniel, music is my own health.
+Because the music allows him to reclaim his thoughts and perceptions of his imagination and creativity into something real.
+And so he's going out and walking his eardrum.
+I understood that this is the nature of art.
+And that's why we make music: that we do something that goes deep inside of all of us, our feelings, through our artistic lens, through our creativity.
+And the reality of that expression is that all of us, and it's moving, inspired and united us.
+What Nathaniel brought him back to a community of friends.
+The stupid power of the music brought him back to a family of musicians who understood his talent and watched him.
+And I'm always going to play with Nathaniel, whether in Walt Disney Hall or Skid Row, because he reminds me why I became a musician.
+Thank you.
+Bruno Giussani: Thank you. Thank you.
+Robert Gupta.
+Robert Gupta: I want to play something that I think is utterly stolen to the cellist.
+I hope you forgive me.
+I'm Jane McGonigal. I design computer games.
+I've been building online games for the next decade, and my goal for the next decade is to make it easy to save the world in reality as it is to save online games.
+I have a plan for this, and I'm going to convince more people, including all of you, spend more time with the gamer and more awesome games.
+We spend three billion hours a week playing online games.
+Some of you may be thinking, "This is a lot of games for games."
+Maybe a little too much time, when you think about how many problems we have in the real world.
+But in fact, my research at the Institute of the future is just the opposite to hit.
+Three billion hours a week, it's not nearly enough to solve the most urgent problems in the world.
+In fact, I believe that if we want to survive the next century on this planet, we have to increase the time.
+I calculated it takes 21 billion hours a week to play.
+So that seems a little bit recurl, so maybe I can repeat it, so that if we're looking at problems like hunger, poverty, global conflicts and obesity, I think we have to try to solve games online for at least 21 billion hours a week.
+It's not until the next decade, actually. I mean it really seriously.
+Why? This image describe very much.
+Why I think games are so essential for the survival of human species. Seriously.
+This is a portrait of photographers of Philano.
+He wanted to capture the feelings in the game. So he built a camera in front of the players.
+This is one of the classic expressions of play.
+If you're not player, maybe some of you will be a ones in this picture.
+You're probably seeing this sense of urgency, a little bit of fear, but also the most profound concentration, at the very beginning of a hard problem.
+If you're playing, you'll see some zeroances that have drawn up here and the mouths are a sign of optimism, or the eyebrows showing surprise.
+This is a player that's on the edge of what's called a epiphany.
+Oh, you know that. OK. So.
+So we have a couple players here.
+A epic victory is a result so positive that you didn't even know it was possible at all.
+It was near the imagination. And if you reach it, you're shocked.
+That you can actually be able to do that. That's an epic victory.
+This guy is on a epic victory.
+And this is what we have to see as millions of problems around the world, when we attack the hurdles of the next century, the faces of all the widowers on the edge of a epic face.
+Well, unfortunately, we see it more like the face in real life when we face hard problems.
+I call it "In life I am bad".
+And it's actually my face, you see? Yes? OK.
+That's me being like, "In life, I'm bad."
+This is a graffiti in my former home of Berkeley, California, where I studied why we're better at play than in real life.
+This is a problem with a lot of players.
+We think we're not as good as play.
+And I don't mean far less successful, although that's part of it.
+We're reaching more throughout the world.
+I mean, at the context of motivation, to do something very well with people, inspired by cooperation.
+If we are in a game world where we believe that many of us are turning our best version, at any one time, are helpful, to try hard, to solve the problem as long as we need it again.
+And in reality, when we're wrong, when we're on obstacles, we often feel different.
+We feel overwhelmed. We feel bounded, we feel threatened, maybe depressed, frustrated or cynical.
+These feelings, we never play when we play games, they just don't exist.
+And that's what I wanted to look at as a graduate student.
+Why is it impossible to think, given everything, couldn't be done?
+How can we transmit these feelings into reality?
+So I looked at games like World of Warcraft that offers the ideal environment to help collaborative problems.
+And I've come up with a number of things that are very epic victorys in online worlds.
+So first of all, if you get on one of these online games, particularly at World Warcraft, there are lots of different characters willing to be willing to provide you with a world-changing mission, which is instantly.
+But not just any mission, but a mission that fits perfect with your current level at stake, right?
+So you do.
+You never get a problem you can't solve.
+But every so often on the edge of your ability, you have to get a job.
+But there's no unemployment in World of Warcraft, so you're not sitting around doing things you're always trying to do a lot of important.
+And there's some great staff.
+Where you're also going, hundreds of thousands of people working with you to actually try to close your epic mission.
+We don't have that real life, just this feeling of being at a finger of staff, getting ready for employees to stand.
+And then there's this epic story, which is why we're there, and what we're doing, we're getting to have that whole positive feedback.
+You've heard of "The revenues" and "+1 strength," or "+1 intelligence."
+This constant feedback is not in real life.
+If I leave that stage, I don't have +1 speech, talking +1 idea, +20.
+I don't get that real feedback from the real feedback.
+So, the problem of cooperation as World of Warcraft is that it is so satisfying that at the edge of a epiceny state, at any one time you'd rather be spending our time in this game.
+They're just better than reality.
+So far, all the World Warcraft players have been spending 93 million years trying to solve the virtual problems of Azerotho.
+That's not necessarily something bad.
+It might sound too bad.
+But to see it in context: 93 million years ago, our first primates began walking upright.
+So the first one on the right is primate.
+OK, so now, when we talk about how much time we spend now, it only makes sense, when you're holding that, when you're holding that, when you're holding that, when you're holding that, when you're holding that, when you're holding that, which is extraordinary.
+But also, it turns out that we're using this whole time from playing, actually changing what we're capable of doing as human beings.
+We develop collectively, warm beings.
+That's the truth. That's the way I think about it.
+Consider this interesting statistic that was published recently by a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University -- the average person who has now been burning in a country of very strong toys with 10,000 hours of online games to 21 years of life.
+So 10,000 hours is an extremely interesting number, for two reasons.
+First of all, for kids in the United States, 1,800 hours is the exact full time that they spend on school, which is the fifth grade, to graduate high school -- if you never have one, you know.
+Parallel images, on the same way that young people learn to be just as good players, like everything else they learn in school.
+And maybe some of you have read the new book by Malcolm Gladwell, "The Inconvenient," so you know his theory of success, the theory of the success of the success of the success of the success of the success of the success of the success of the 10,000 hours.
+It's based on the great research on cognitive science, that if we spend 10,000 hours studying any subject in science, we will spend 21 years living on it.
+We're going to do as much what we do in the world as the most significant humans.
+So, what we have here is a whole generation of young people who are masters.
+So the big question is, "Whomiddle is just great?"
+Because if we could find that, we would never have been there before, given human potential.
+So many people around the world right now, we have at least an hour of online games.
+These are our masters game. 500 million people, who are extraordinary in "deemed" are.
+And over the next decade, we have another billion players who are extraordinary in whatever they are.
+If you haven't heard it yet.
+The games industry that have been developing that save energy, and they're using mobile devices, rather than the broadband Internet, so that players around the world, especially in India, could play online.
+You're expecting an extra billion players to come out next decade.
+We've got total 1.5 billion players.
+So I started thinking about what it is that these games make us masters.
+Here are the four things I found: first, urgency of optimism.
+OK, now, think of it as extreme self-assembly.
+And urgency is the desire to do something immediately, a hurdle, to believe that we have a hope in success.
+So, gamers always believe that a epic victory is possible, and it's still worth trying and trying to do it at the same time.
+Now, gamers are not sitting around.
+gamers are masters of the spiders of social nets.
+There are a lot of interesting studies that show us that people like more when we played with them, even when they've defeated us.
+And the reason for that is that it requires a lot of trust to play with someone.
+We trust that someone spends time with us, that the rules are given that we have the same goals and we stay with the game.
+So the interaction of ties together with bonds and trust and co-creation.
+And as a consequence, we build stronger social relationships.
+Good productivity. Fantastic!
+You know, there's a reason why the average person at 22 hours a week plays 22 hours a week, so to speak as part-time jobs.
+The reason is, when we're playing, we're actually working hard at work as though we're relax or doing nothing.
+We know that we work as human optimally when we do hard, important work.
+And gamers are always ready to work hard when they get the right job.
+And finally, epiphany meaning.
+So player love to be part of awe-inspiring of planetary degree.
+Here's a background for putting the light in the right, and you're probably all familiar with Wikipedia, the world's greatest wiki.
+The second biggest Wiki's biggest kilos -- the world's nearly 80,000 Einsteins -- is the World of Warcraft.
+Five million people use it every month.
+They've been putting more information about World of Warcraft together than any other topic on any other topic in the world.
+They're creating a epic story.
+They're creating an epic source of knowledge about the World of Warcraft.
+OK, so these are four superpowers that lead to a single result, and players are super-powerful, hopeful individuals.
+They're people who think that they can change the world.
+And the only problem is they believe that they can change virtual worlds, but they don't change that way.
+That's the problem I'm trying to solve.
+Edward Castro, a scientist, is a scientist.
+His work is great. He's a great deal of what he's doing.
+People spend so much time, energy and online worlds.
+And he says, "We are not going to stuff by less than any mass-produced virtual worlds and online games."
+And this is a emo-emous economist. So it's logical.
+And he says -- Not as I am -- I'm a little bit of a playwright, I'm a little bit pregnant.
+So he says that actually makes sense, because players can do more with online worlds than they can do in real life.
+They can tap into more social bonding than they do in real life, and they get more feedback from the real world.
+So, he says, this is totally logical, that players spend more time in the virtual world than they do in the real world.
+I'll agree, that's logical.
+But it's definitely not an optimist.
+We need to start transforming the world into a game.
+My inspiration comes from an event that 2,500 years ago.
+There's that ancient cube, like sheep's spines. Do you know?
+Before these fantastic games, sheep was smiling.
+And these were the first people to develop games, and if you're familiar with the works of ancient Greek historians, you may have heard this story. The story of how games were invented.
+According to Herodotus, more specifically game dice, in the kingdom of Lynal famines as we speak.
+And there was such a famine that the king of poetry decided to get himself a crazy idea.
+People were suffering. People were fighting.
+It was an extreme situation. You needed an extreme solution.
+So they found, according to heroineotus, the cube and agreed to get a national strategy. One day, you'd be eating, and the next day you'd play.
+And they would be so deeply embedded in the cube, because games are so fascinating and they surrounded us with smugglers, that they forget that they had nothing to eat.
+And then the next day, you'd play. And the next day you would eat.
+And the reason why heroin addicts survived that way for 18 years was by sitting in a day and playing on the next day.
+And that's exactly why I think we're using games today.
+We use games to get away from the real world. We use games to make everything that doesn't work in the real world, everything that's real life, and we're making us play.
+But that doesn't have to be the end.
+That's what's exciting.
+According to Herodotus, in 18 years, the famine was not better, so the king decided he wanted to put up a last cube.
+They divided the queen up into two.
+They were playing a cube game, and they were allowed to break down the road into a epic adventure.
+They left poetry, and they went to find a new home, and they had just left the kind of people behind to go and find out how there were food to live and find the rest in which they were able to thrive.
+It sounds crazy, isn't it?
+But the latest DNA telephony is that the Etsaur that later emitted the Roman Empire, the same DNA as the old poetry.
+So scientists recently came to the idea that heroin gets crazy, in fact.
+And geologists have found evidence of a global cooling cooling cooling cooling, which took almost 20 years to explain what famine might be.
+So this crazy story could be true.
+Maybe they actually rescued their people by rescued in games for 18 years, and then they learned so much about each other and so much that they learned how to save the whole civilization.
+So, we can.
+We've been playing Warcraft since 1994.
+So this was the first strategy in real time.
+This was the World of Warcraft, 16 years ago.
+They played cube for 18 years, and we've been playing Warcraft for 16 years.
+I'd like to argue that we are ready for our own epic play.
+So they're sending out half of their civilization to find a new world, so I'm going to take my 21 billion hours a week.
+We should have come in and have shown that half of us spend an hour with play every day, until we solved the real world's problems.
+I know you're going to ask, "How do we solve the real world?
+And that's when I asked my work in the last few years about the Institute for the future.
+We have this Banner in our office in Palo Alto, and it just said, "This is the way we should understand the future."
+We don't want to try and predict the future.
+What we want to do is create the future.
+So we want to imagine the best possible outcome, and then humans will empowering this notion into reality.
+We imagine epic victory and giving people the opportunities to reach them.
+I'm going to show you three games that I've designed to try and create people of epic victory in their own future.
+This is "Which oil is without oil."
+The game is 2007.
+It's a game changer that you have to overcome an oil spill.
+The oil is invented, but we've invented enough online so that you can actually live and you're living your real life without real life. So, when you're faced with the game, let's say where you live, and then you get news of what costs you in real time, which is not how much oil costs, how much food is done, how powerful it is,
+How transportation is closed, whether schools are closed, whether there are states, and you have to figure out how to design your real life, if it were true, and we ask you to blog about it, or take video.
+We've tested this game with 1,700 players in 2007, and we've been accompanied by them for the last three years.
+And I can tell you it was a change in the experience.
+Nobody wants to change their lives because it's good for the environment or because we should.
+But when you're in a epic adventure and you say, "And that's what oil is all about."
+This is an amazing adventure to be done.
+Find how you would survive; most of our players have learned how to play in the game.
+So we've gotten ourselves to the next world game, much larger purpose than oil spills.
+We created the game called Superstruct on the Institute for the future.
+So the idea is that computation is one supercomputer that only 23 years on the planet.
+This supercomputer is called theGlobal output of natural selection.
+The call to players, to come up, to connect almost like a "Jerryheim" movie.
+You know Jerry's home movies where there's the A.D. team. They have the astronauts, the scientists, the Experiment, the ex-fling and only they can save the world.
+But in our game, instead of just five people, let's say everyone's Dream team, and it's our job, the future of energy, food, health, safety and social justice.
+Six thousand players played the game for eight weeks.
+They found 500 incredibly creative solutions that you can read after, if you Google "Superstruct."
+And the last game we bring out on March 3,500 -- it's a game in collaboration with the World Bank.
+If you close the game, you get a chance from the World Bank, the award for transformative transformation, 2010.
+We work with universities all over Africa, and we invite them to learn social-making economists.
+We have a comic book. We have "free" high-quality understanding, knowledge, sustainability, vision and ingenuity.
+I would like to invite you all to share this game with young people all over the world, especially in development areas that benefit from their own social sub-parts to save the world.
+I'll go to the end.
+I want to ask you something.
+What do you think happened next?
+We have all these fantastic players; we have games that show us what we can do, but we haven't yet saved the world.
+Well, I hope that you'll agree with me that players are resources that we can use to real life, and that games have a big significance for change.
+We have all these superpowers, miserable productivity, the ability to form social networks, drugs, and the desire for epiphany.
+I really hope that together we play major games to survive another century on this planet.
+And I hope you'll play with me and play with these kinds of games.
+If I look out in the next decade, I'm sure there are two things that we can do in the future, and we can create all kinds of games, so I'll let the world go, you know, change the world.
+Thank you.
+I've been interested in a while, in a sort of curious effect, which is a magician interested in seeing it as, "A deception of something that's being real enough to believe in it."
+In other words, sugar ills have shown in some of the measurable effects, and that is, because the person who thinks that what happens with them is a pharmaceutical or a sort of a pharmaceutical industry, if, for example, there's only a measurable effect in the body that's called placebo effects.
+An deception becomes something real because someone is catching it that way.
+So in order for us to understand each other, I'd like to show you a fundamentally simple magic trick.
+And I'll show you how it works. This is a trick that's been put at least in the 1950s for children.
+I myself learned it from the Cub Scout Magic Magic that Pflyn inventor in the 1970s.
+I'll explain it for you and then explain.
+And then I'll explain why I explain it.
+So, see what happens.
+The knife you can study; my hand you can study.
+I'm just going to hold the knife in my squid.
+I'm going to put my sleeve back.
+And to make sure nothing goes into my sleeve or out of it, I'm just going to put my wrist right here.
+This is the way you can see no time moves, as long as I can get here, I can't travel to my sleeve or pop out.
+And the goal here is very simple.
+I'm going to open my hand, and hopefully, if everything goes well, the knife will be held well by my bare magnetism.
+It actually sits so solidly in this space that I can shake it without the knife.
+Nothing goes into my era or comes out, no trick, and you can examine anything.
+Ta-dah!
+Now, this is a trick I often get to teach kids about magic, because you can learn a lot about deception when you look a lot more, even though it's very easy to do some trick.
+I mean, many of you in this room know this trick.
+And here's how it works.
+I hold the knife in my hand.
+I say I'm putting my wrist around, to make sure nothing goes in my sleeve or out, and that's a lie.
+The reason I hold my wrist is because it's really the secret of illusion.
+Because that's where I'm going, where I'm going, what I'm going to move from you, so you can see it from the back, this finger here, my drawing and just a position where it was, in which it was so erupting.
+Great tricks?
+There is somebody in the back that had no childhood.
+So, he's standing there. Right.
+And when I turn around, the finger changes its position.
+And so you can talk about why a deception is that one might not be real, but that at the bottom there are only three fingers down here -- because the way that he process information is putting information, not one, two, three, but one group.
+But that's not really what I'm talking about here, and then I'm putting my hand up.
+Of course, it's being kept there, but not by the magnetism of my body, but by a trick, by my toe, that's now there.
+And when I close my hand, the same thing happens is turning back, it's going to be hidden by these movements, again, the fingers move.
+I'll take this hand away. And here's the knife.
+And you can do this trick by putting your friends and neighbors. Thank you.
+Now, what does this have to do with placebo effect?
+A year or so, I read a study that really sank me.
+I'm not a doctor or a researcher, and that's why I was so a remarkable thing.
+Because what this has done is, if you offer a placebo pill in the form of a white pill, which is just a round, white pill that has a specific effect.
+But if you change the shape where you can change the placebo, for example, in a smaller pill, and change the blue box and see a letter-senable letter is actually more effective.
+And this, although none of them are just any pharmaceutical... it's just sugar ills.
+But a white pill is not as good as a blue pill.
+What? That really freaked me out.
+But it turns out that it's not all.
+If you take capsules, they're even more effective than any form of pills.
+One colored hood that you see at one end of a yellow box and on the other, is better than a white capsule.
+There's also a role to do.
+One pill is not as good as three pills a day -- I can't remember the exact statistics. Sorry.
+But the point is,...
+... that do too play a role in the doses.
+And it plays a role.
+And if you want to have the ultimate placebo effect, you have to grab the needle.
+Right? A syringe with a non-syringe -- a few milliliters of substance you measure the patient in a patient.
+It creates a very strong image in your head. It's much stronger than a white pill.
+This graph is really -- I'll show you another time when we have a projector.
+So the fact is that the white pill doesn't work as well as the blue pill, which doesn't work as well as a hood, doesn't work as well as the needle.
+And none of this really has any real pharmaceutical property. It's just our faith that's come to a greater impact.
+I wanted to know if I could use this idea for a magic trick.
+I'll take something which is obviously a deception, and let it look real.
+We know from that study that you have to grab onto the needle if you're going to do it.
+This is a foot of hats for an inch long, and it's very, very small, and I'll sterile it a little bit.
+This is really my meat. It's not that specific meat-fed meat.
+This is my skin. This is not a special effect from Hollywood.
+I'm going to put these needles in my skin and through them, until it enters the other side.
+If you're angry -- if you fall asleep -- I did this a couple of friends in the hotel room last night, and some people I didn't know, and it's become a girl, almost took a up.
+So I'm going to suggest, if you're going to be a little bit brighter, for the next 30 seconds, or whatever, you know, I'm going to do the first few bits in the back here.
+You can see it in a moment, but you can look away if you like.
+So, this is how my meat is going to start right here, on the bottom of my arm, I'm just going to make a little ink.
+Sorry. Do you mind doing it?
+And just a little bit of it through my skin and then on the other side like that again.
+Now we're actually in the same context that we had measurement.
+Roughly.
+But now you can't count my fingers, right?
+So, I'll show you. This is one, two, three, four, five.
+Well, yeah.
+I know what people think when they see it.
+You say, "Okay, this isn't stupid and stupid in your skin itself to just hold for a few minutes."
+Well, then I'll show you.
+What does this look like? Pretty good.
+Yeah, I know. And people in the back say, "Okay. I don't really see that."
+People go in and they go in.
+Let me show you, from near the view.
+This is really my skin. This isn't a special effect from Hollywood.
+That's my meat, and I can spin that around.
+Sorry. If you're angry, don't look.
+So the people in the back or the ones that look at that later will say, "Well, yeah, that looks pretty popular, but if it were real, he would look -- here's a hole and there, if it were really, it would be bleed."
+Okay, let me try a little blood for you.
+Yes, it is.
+Now I would normally take out the needle.
+I would clean my arm and show you that there are no wounds.
+But I think in this frame and in this context, making a deception, I'm just going to let the needle in there and go from the stage.
+We're going to meet another couple of days in the next few days.
+I hope you'll enjoy this. Thank you very much.
+So I've seen a lot of fish in my life.
+I only loved two.
+The first one, this was more like a passionate affluent breath.
+It was a beautiful fish, naive, good, full-blown, a handshake on the menu.
+What a fish.
+Even better, after aquaculture, he was pushed into the highest standards of sustainability.
+So you could feel really about selling it.
+I had a relationship with this beauty for a number of months.
+One day the CEO of the company called and asked if I could wear an event about the sustainability of the farm.
+"Of course I," I said.
+Here was a company trying to solve what this unimaginable problem was, how do we keep fisheries fish that we eat?
+In the last 50 years, we've been eating the oceans like we've beaten forests.
+It's hard to overstate the destruction.
+Ninety percent of the big fish that we love, the tuna, the salmon, the salmon, the salmonfish, they collapse.
+There's almost nothing left.
+So, it's likely to be, or it's a future for aquaculture, fish, a part of our future.
+And there's a lot of arguments that are pollinating the environment, most of them, and they're inefficient, we're taking tuna, a big disadvantage.
+It has a feed on 15 kilos of food.
+That means 15 pounds of wild fish are needed so that you can get a pound of light-sensitive.
+Not very sustainable.
+Not well put in the pegs.
+So, finally, there was a company trying to do it right.
+I wanted to support them.
+And the day before the event happened, I called the boss of the public interest.
+Let's call it Don.
+"Don't say," I said, "is to have the facts right, you're famous for growing so far out in the sea that you don't pollute the environment."
+"That's true," he said, "We are so far outside the waste from our fish, is not censored."
+And then he added, "We are basically a world of one.
+This forage of 2.5, he said he did one.
+"The best way to use it is in the industry."
+2.5 is great.
+"Excuse me to one thing? What do you do?"
+"Nature proteins," he said.
+"Great," I said. Leger.
+And that evening, I lay in bed thinking, what the hell is a sustainable protein?
+So the next day, I just got to the event, Don.
+I said, "Don't, for example, what are sustainable proteins?"
+He said he didn't know. He's going to ask.
+Well, I was on the phone with a bunch of people in the company, and nobody could give me a neat answer, until I finally stumbled on the phone to the next neurologist.
+Let's call him Don's room.
+"Don," I said, "What are sustainable proteins?"
+Now, he mentioned some algae and some fish, and then he said chicken cell.
+I said, "Do you have a wiggle?"
+He said, "Yeah, feathers, skin, bone, dry, and process feeds."
+I said, "How much feed is your feed?"
+Suppose we thought about two percent.
+"Well, that's about 30 percent," he said.
+I said, "Don't anything that's sustainable about feeding fish?"
+There was a long pause in the line, and he said, "There's just too much chickens in the world."
+I loved about this fish.
+No, not because I am a self-fulfilling and a bad guy.
+This is me, actually.
+No, I actually loved about this fish, because, after God, I swear to fish after chicken that had happened.
+This second fish, that's another kind of love story.
+It's the romantic sort of thing you know, the more you learn in your fish you love, the more fish you love.
+I first ate him in a restaurant in southern Spain.
+A high-ranking journalist had talked about this fish for a long time.
+It's kind of tagging us off, you know.
+He came up with a bright white, white paint.
+The chef was cooking.
+Hold twice.
+It was astonished he still had delicious.
+Who can make a fish as good as he's been cooking?
+I can't, but this guy can.
+Let's call him Miguel. Actually, he's called Miguel.
+And no, he didn't cook the fish, and he's not a cooking fuel, at least in the way that you and I understand it.
+He's a biologist at Vet La Palma.
+This is a fish up in the south corner of Spain.
+It's near the coin of the guadaladalviral.
+Up until the 1980s, the farmers in the hands of Argentines had remained.
+They were growing meat on what were essentially wetlands.
+They did that by degrading the country.
+And they built these complicated things out of channels, and they pushed water out of the land and out into the river.
+Well, they couldn't do that. That wasn't economically economically.
+And green was it a disaster.
+It killed about 90 percent of the birds, which are in these places.
+And so 1982, 1982-asseven environmentalists bought the country.
+What did they do?
+They have the flow of the water in the other way.
+They literally put the lever around.
+Instead of using the water, they used those channels to pull the water back in.
+They were eluded channels.
+They created a 1,000-acre fisheries -- bar mitts, Garne, Garn, Aal -- and in the process, they have their environmental destruction completely.
+The farm is incredible.
+I mean, you've never seen anything like that.
+And she's staring at the horizon, and the one million miles away, and all you can see is these abducts and these densities are sulfates.
+I wasn't there a long time ago with Miguel.
+He's an incredible guy, three parts Charles Darwin and a part "A crocodile" for the arts.
+Okay? There were we fighting wetlands, and I think I made a wetlands and sweat and tucked up all my knees until my knees and Miguel has a biological effect.
+Here he is bringing a rare glinta.
+Now, what I mentioned is the mineral representation of physics.
+And here, he sees a pattern of cymatics, which he reminds him of the local giraffe.
+It turns out that Miguel has spent most of his career in Miklos in Africa.
+I asked him how he got to be a fish expert in the way he did.
+He said, "Father? I don't know about fish.
+I'm an expert on my relationship."
+And then he goes and he goes into more Gertrude watery birds and algae and weird water plants.
+And don't get me wrong, it was really fascinating, you know, the bionic community, so in the way.
+It's great, but I was in love with the thing.
+And my head had become enlisted over this little bit of delicious fish that I had at the end of the night.
+So I put it under. I said, "Machine, how's it going to taste so well?"
+He showed up algae.
+"I know, guys, the algae, the physicists, the relationships, that's incredible.
+But what are the fish eating?
+What's the food value?"
+Well, he goes on to tell me that it's such a rich system that the fish are going to eat, what they're going to eat in the wild.
+The plant plant of plant biomass, the physicist, the zooton, is what feeds the fish.
+The system is so healthy, it's totally renewable.
+There's no food.
+The one that's one farm that doesn't feed its animals?
+Later on that day, I drove up to the site of Miguel, and I asked him, I said, "Today I used to be a place that seems so different from any farm I'd ever been on, 'Earth?"
+The moment a film was whether the director would have acted a stage.
+And we drill around the corner, and we offered the most incredible sight, thousands and thousands of pink octopus, a literally pink carpet that's in the eye.
+"That's succeed," he said.
+"Look at your blocks, pink.
+They slick."
+Bad. I was completely confused.
+I said, "Machine, don't you catch fish?"
+And he said, "Yes."
+"We are losing 20 percent of our fish and fisheries.
+Well, last year, in this property, 60 billion birds were more than 250 different species.
+It's now the largest single private, single most important birdwatching in Europe today.
+I said, "Machine, is a good bird fluke not the last thing you want to have on a fish?"
+He shook his head, no.
+He said, "We build extensibly, not intense.
+This is a green network.
+The flames eat the shrimp.
+The shrimp are eating the physicists.
+So the pinks, the better the system."
+Okay, let's think about that. One farm that doesn't feed their animals and a farm that measures their health success to their predators.
+A fish farming can be a fish meal, but it's also a bird preservative.
+Oh, and by the way, those flames shouldn't be even around.
+They dismantle the city in 240 miles away, where the ground floor is better for the nest maintenance workers.
+They fly about 240 miles a farm every morning.
+And every night they fly 240 miles.
+They do this because they can follow the striched white line of the highway.
+Seriously.
+I was looking at a sort of journey of penguin, so I looked at Miguel.
+I said, "Mel, fly it 240 miles away from the farm and then fly it 240 miles back in 240 miles?
+Do they do that for the kids?"
+He looked at me as if I had just quoted a song from Whitney Houston.
+He said, "No. They make it because the food is better."
+I didn't love the skin of my squid, which was delicious, and I don't like fish. I don't like it. I don't like it.
+It's that purple taste, it was deteriorating.
+I almost never cook with it.
+And yet, when I tried to make a restaurant in southern Spain, she didn't look like a fish.
+It tastes cute and pure it like you'd take a bite of the ocean.
+I mentioned that to Miguel and nodding.
+He said, "The skin looks like a swan.
+It's the last defense before it enters into your body.
+It evolved over the course of evolution to suck up in the unforcanny."
+And then he added, "But our water has no nonsense."
+Okay. A farm that doesn't feed her fish. One farm that measures her success at the edge of her predator.
+And then I realized, when he says he has no farm, because the water that goes through that farm comes out of the stream.
+It's a river that leads to all these things that are now more likely to lead to flow, chemical pollutants, deforestation from pest mites.
+And when it fought through the system, and it's left, the water's clean, than it has come in.
+The system is so healthy, it cleans the water.
+So not only one farm that feeds their animals, not just a farm that feeds their health, but a farm to their health, which is a farm that's literally a water-on-a-the-art and not just for these fishes, but for me as well.
+Because when the water flows out, it floats in the Atlantic Ocean.
+A drop in the ocean, I know, but I do take it, and I should use it to do that, because that love story, as romantic as it is all the time.
+You might say that it's a recipe for the future of good food, whether we're talking about bar mites or meat.
+What we need now is a radical new concept of agriculture, of what food is actually doing well in foods.
+But for a lot of people, that's a little bit radical.
+We are not realists, we are geniuses. We are lovers.
+We love markets for weeks. We love small family-powered food. We eat organic food.
+And if you say these are the things that are the future of good food reveals someone anywhere and says, "Hey, I love pink flamingos, but how are you going to feed the world?
+How are you going to feed the world?"
+Is it going to be honest?
+I don't like that question.
+No, not because we are producing enough calories to feed the world more than just feeding them.
+A billion people are starved today.
+One billion -- that's more than ever before -- because of the more inequalities in terms of distribution, not overall production.
+Now, I don't like that question, because it's defined the logic of our food system over the last 50 years.
+We have a bunch of crop plants, plant pests, chemical pollutants in monoculture, chemicals on the Earth, chickens, and all the time we've asked, "Well, how come we can feed people more, how awful can it be?"
+It was the cause of the American government. It was the business plan for agriculture.
+We should call it what it is, a business venture, an ecological capital that will enable us to have that particular production.
+This is not business, and it's not agriculture.
+Our chamber is now under threat not because of extrapolation, but because of the resources we're in denial.
+And not with the latest inmates and the forensics, but by fertile land, not by pump, by fresh water, not by forest but by fishes and nets, by fishes, by fishes, by fishes, by fish.
+You want to feed the world?
+Let's start with the question: how are we going to feed ourselves?
+Or better, how can we create the conditions that will feed every community?
+To do that, don't look at the agricultural economy model for the future.
+It's really old, and it's done.
+Capital, chemistry and machines are at the top, and it has never produced anything really well.
+Let's look at that green model.
+That's what we've retreated into two billion years of work experience.
+Look at Miguel, farmers like Miguel.
+The businesses that are not for themselves, the businesses that restore, rather than using a product that's built around it, not just intense farmers, but experts in relationships, and that are experts in relation to relationships.
+because they're the ones who are experts in flavor.
+And if I'm really honest, they're better than I ever will.
+You know, it's quite me, because if that's the future, it will be delicious.
+Thank you.
+I grew up with a pore science fiction.
+I was going to school on a bus every day, every day.
+And my nose always stuck in a book, a science fiction writer, that helped me think about other worlds in a deep, unprepared curiosity.
+This curiosity also showed that when I was in school, I would not be able to walk through the forests, wandered around and collect "Probes," frogs and snakes and frogs and frogs and ponds, everything would bring home and micros.
+I was completely a science-fiction. You know?
+It was always about trying to understand the world and the boundaries of the possible.
+And my love fiction seemed to reflect, in my environment, because back in the late '60s, we were flying to the moon and we were exploring the deep sea.
+Jacques Cousteau came into our living room with his amazing program, animals that showed us and places and a world full of wonders we never could have imagined.
+So that was probably going to fit in with a nice-to-the-box science fiction book.
+And I was an artist.
+I could draw. I could paint.
+And because there was no video games or these compelled films with computer imagery nor the whole image in the media landscape, I had to create the images in my head.
+That's what we had to do. When we all read a book in those days, we would take the description of the author and we would put them on the screen to our heads.
+My response to that was the tent and painting of aliens, except alien worlds, robots, spacecrafts and all that kind of thing.
+I was always caught by the teacher behind me, as I was hiding from the teacher, all the time.
+The creativity had to get out of some way.
+And what was interesting to me was something very interesting, which was to me about Jacques Cousteau's thought was the most ominous world on Earth right here.
+Certainly, I would never reach an alien world with a spaceship, which seemed quite unlikely to me.
+But here was a world I could actually walk out and be able to do that in fact, here on Earth, and it was just as fascinating and as all that what I'd always imagined when I read those books.
+So I decided to be a 15th anniversary when I was a kid.
+The only problem with this is that I lived in a small village in Canada, 1,000 miles away from the ocean.
+But I didn't get away from that.
+I nervously drew my father, finally, a dive in Buffalo, New York, made out of place on the other side of the border where we lived.
+I used to make my dive in a pool of YMCA in the middle of Buffalo, New York.
+But the ocean, the real ocean, I only got two years later, when we moved to California.
+Since then, in the '40s that have been raging, I've spent about 3,000 hours underwater in submersibles.
+And I've learned that the world of the deep sea, even in the shallow ocean, is as fascinating as we can hardly imagine.
+The imagination of nature doesn't know boundaries, unlike our own, matched human imagination.
+And to this day, I feel awe for what I see on my dive.
+And my love for the ocean is holding the same intensity as it ever did.
+And when I went to see an adult, it was like a career doing that.
+This seemed the best way to tell my inner cryn, to tell stories, with my need to create images.
+I was a kid, and I was always drawing comic books and stuff.
+So, we had the film, we wanted to bring images and stories together. It would fit together.
+Of course, the stories I was looking at were "Termin-Fi:Terminator," "Aliens," and "Abyss."
+In "Abyss," I managed to connect my preferences to the undersea world and share the film with the movie.
+So my two passions kind of threw out of my two.
+And what's interesting is that in "Abyss" happened, in order to solve a movie problem -- and we had to create some sort of liquid watershed, we made it in computer-generated animation, CG,
+And what came up with was the first computer-generated little to see in a movie theater.
+Now, the movie was not making any money, and he was just playing the production cost of his production, but I noticed that the audience was a fascinating thing, and that was, as a hypnotized by the magic world.
+Arthur Clarke's law is well known to distinguish more advanced technologies and magic from one another.
+So they saw something magical.
+And that was what I thought was incredibly exciting.
+And I thought to myself, "Wow, that's necessarily going to have to be involved in the movies."
+So we went to "Terminator 2," my next film, and we went a lot further.
+So in LM, we created the guy there with liquid metal, and it really started to get the success of how this effect would come.
+And it worked. Again, we had created some stomach. And the effect in the audience was the same, but we've played with the movies a little bit more.
+Throughout these two experiences, it was a whole new world, a whole new world of creativity creativity created for creativity.
+So I started a company with my good friend, Winston Winston, who was the best makeup at the time -- and Creature -- called tags.
+And the basic idea of this company was to sort of jump into visual processing and so on and start over with digital manufacturing devices.
+And that's what we did, and we got a timeline, and we got a contest for a while.
+But in the mid-'90s, we realized that in Creature and Character design -- which is where we actually started the company, too slowly.
+I had written this piece called "Avatar," which was a knife-intentioned effect in visual effects, and computer-generated effects were supposed to push through real human characters, which were all made using CG characters, and the world should beCG.
+But the knife was pretty back, and people in my company were saying, we were not able to do this just in the business.
+So I'm going to move this around and I've made this other film about the big ship going underneath.
+And I sold this as the movie studio for "Romeo and Juliet" on a ship -- it became a love film, a passionate film.
+But at home, I really wanted to dive into the wild wreckage of Titan.
+That's why I made the film.
+That is the truth. It didn't know that studio.
+But I convinced her by saying, "We're going to dive down to the wreck. We're filming the real wreck.
+We're going to show it at the opening rate of the movie.
+That's tremendously important. It's a good tag for marketing."
+And I talked about her to a expedition.
+Sounds crazy. But it goes back to what you find is your imagination can create a reality.
+And we actually created a reality six months later in which I found myself in a Russian submersible, four miles north of the Atlantic, and I looked through the actual Titanic.
+It wasn't a movie. It wasn't an HD, it was real.
+So that really blew my mind.
+And we had to prepare it for enormous purposes, we had to use cameras and billboards and all kinds of things.
+And I noticed how much these deep sea slugs were going to feed a space.
+Well, they were also high-tech and also very sophisticated planning.
+You go up into this capsule, you're floating in this dark, hostile environment where there is no hope for saving, if you don't get it back.
+And I thought, "Wow, that's equally as though I'm in a science fiction movie.
+That's really cool."
+I was quite obsessed with the deep sea.
+Anyway, the part that's involved in curiosity and science. It was all adventures, it was curiosity. It was imagination.
+And it was an experience that I couldn't give Hollywood.
+Because, you know, I could imagine, then, for what we could design a visual effect, but I couldn't imagine what I was about to see outside the window.
+I've seen some of the expeditions in Thermality in some of the expeditions, and sometimes things I've never seen before, sometimes things that nobody had ever seen before and for science at the time when we saw it no words.
+So I was really upset about that, and I wanted to get more.
+And so I made this extraordinary decision.
+After the success of "Titanic," I said, "OK, I want to put my main character as a filmmaker in Hollywood, and I'll be on a full-time low-time low-lying season."
+And then we started planning these expeditions.
+We came up with, for example, "Bimarck," and we studied these robots with robots.
+And we returned to the wreckage of Titanic.
+We took little robots that we built that did a little wired up.
+Our intent was to dive in and look inside the ship's mouth, which had never been done before.
+No one had the inside of the wreckage. You didn't have any resources to do this yet, so we developed technology.
+Now, I'm sitting there on the deck of Titanic, in a dive boat, and I see this board submersible that's very similar to the things that I know about that have played the band.
+And I'm flying in with a little robot vehicle here through the GNP's light.
+I'm actually just getting into the job market, but my awareness is within the vehicle.
+It felt like I was physically within the ship's Titanic.
+This was the surreal form of a Dé juggling bonamur I'd ever experienced before, because at one point, I knew what the light of the vehicle was going on, because I had been walking for months, when we turned the film.
+And the set was actually a very accurate copy of the ship.
+So this was a very strange experience.
+It made me realize that this telepresence experience can be used to make such robotic avatars and so that it can enact your consciousness in the vehicle, in this other form of existence.
+It was really profound.
+And perhaps a little bit of a little bit of a thought that might happen in a couple of decades, if you have cyborgs or other things to do, in all sorts of post-human futures that I can think of as science fiction.
+After these expeditions, we started to learn about what we were seeing down there, for example, these deep-diving animals, where we saw these amazing animals, these are sort of aliens, but these are aliens, you know, Earth-like creatures.
+They live with chemotherapy.
+They don't exist in a solar system-based system the way we do it.
+And so you see animals that are actually right next to a 500 degrees centigrade.
+Water cloud is alive, and you can't imagine they can survive there.
+At the same time, I was also very interested in space science, which was again the science fiction flow from my childhood.
+And so I ended up interested in the people who are sitting around the world at NASA, and they're doing real-world tasks, and you're looking for Russia, going through the biomedical Protokoll and then, you know, our global space station with the 3D camera system.
+That was fascinating.
+But in the end, it was in my view that I took space scientists to the deep sea.
+I took them and I presented them to the world down there: astronomers, planets, people who were interested in these extreme situations, and I took them to look at the sources, to test samples and test instruments and so on.
+Well, we turned documents on, but actually science was telling us that science is, space science.
+So the circle, in my existence, was a science fiction writer when I was a kid, and the process was a child.
+And what I learned over the course of that explorer is a lot.
+I've learned a lot about science, but I also learn a lot about leadership.
+Now you're certainly thinking, a director must also be able to perform a leader like a ship captain or something.
+I didn't understand much of leadership before I told this expedition.
+Because at one point I had to say to myself, "What am I doing here?
+Why am I doing this? What's next for me?"
+These stupid movies don't bring us money.
+We're just playing the production cost. This is not a trace.
+Everybody thinks I'm walking between "Titanic" and "Avatar," and I would have snuck up the hand and fucked off a beach somewhere.
+I made all these films, these documents, for a very small audience.
+No fame, no honor, no money. What are you doing?
+You do it the job you want to challenge the task -- and the ocean is to challenge the ocean, and you do it, because of the discovery, and because of the strange connection that comes when a small group of people are forming a team.
+Because we've done all these things with only 10 or 12 people who've been working uninformed for years, sometimes we've been backwards for two to three months.
+And you realize in this community that the most important thing is the experience that you have because you have a role model that you can't explain one another.
+When you go back to land and you say, "We must do this, the fiberglass, the soundscape, and the entire drum, and the human performance, if you work at sea level," you can't explain it like police officers or soldiers that have gone through a commonst, and you can't explain it to anybody else.
+There's a link that creates one respect, one respect.
+So when I came back to my next film, "Avatar," I tried to apply the same leadership style, which is that you make your team respect and respectable, and one matched the respect.
+And it really changed the dynamics.
+So, I stood back in a small team with an unknown team, and we turned it around with a new technology that hadn't been there before.
+It's incredibly exciting.
+It's a huge challenge.
+And we became a family of four and a half years old.
+And that made me rethink my way of making films completely.
+There were people who thought we had put this ocean in a really good way, and put it on the planet Pandora.
+And to me it was more like a fundamental way of doing my job, the real process that changed the outcome.
+So what can we close up this?
+What lessons did we learn?
+I think the first one is curiosity.
+It's the most powerful human property.
+Our imagination is a force that can actually create reality.
+And the instrument of your team is more important than all the Loreners in the world.
+I'll come to the young filmmaker and say, "Let me see a piece of advice as I can do."
+And I say, "Don't cry for you.
+I've got to make that for you. Do not bet you, bet against yourself, but risk it on you."
+NASA had a favorite approach to this, which was, "Beauty is not an alternative."
+But in art and in exploration, the failure needs to be an alternative, because it can provide a trust in the arts.
+No big endeavor, the innovation required to go without risk.
+You have to be willing to take these risks.
+That's the idea I'd like to leave you with, because failure is one alternative, but fear is not a one. Thank you.
+If I want to make a point into one of those things today, the totality of the data that we consume is bigger than the sum of the parts and instead of thinking about information, I want you to think about how we can use information to be so that pattern and we don't see patterns that otherwise.
+So what we're seeing here is a typical droplets of aging.
+The program I'm using here is a little experiment.
+It's Pivot and what I can do with Pivot, that I can filter a particular cause of death, say, accidents.
+And immediately, I see another pattern which comes out.
+And that's because in the Middle East, the most active people are the ones that are most active over here.
+We can go beyond that, and then by re-engage the data, and see that the circuits and the cancers are the usual suspects, but not for everybody.
+Now, when we go on and age we say we should see 40 or younger years, that accidents actually, the main cause of this is human concern.
+And whoever looks at this, and it's true of men in particular.
+So you can see that the information, of information and data in this way, is a very crowded form of information.
+And if we can do that for raw data, why not make it a content for itself?
+So what we have here are the title of every single cover, Illust, which has been printed.
+It's all here. It's all online.
+You can test it by testing your room.
+With Pivots, they can dive in a decade.
+You can dive into a year's worth of dive.
+They can jump directly to a particular kind of issue.
+Now, if I look here, I see the athletes that come out in this issue and the sports species.
+I'm an Lance Armstrong, so I click on where all the spending I've spoken in Lance Armstrong.
+Now, if I want to just get a bigger overview, I could think, "Well, what if I take all this stuff out of bicycle?"
+So I'm going to take a step back and push the pointer.
+Now I see Greg Lemond.
+And so you get an idea that if you search this type of information in a way, more specific, broad-minded, zoom in, you don't look for, don't you just don't want to pick it up or you don't want to be able to go in.
+You do something that's actually slightly different.
+It's something in between, and we think it's changing the way information is used.
+So I want to take this idea a little bit further from what some crazy stuff is.
+What we've done here is we've taken every single Wikipedia page and we've reduced it to a little bit of sum.
+The summary contains a quick show and a symbol of the range that it comes from.
+I'm just going to show the top 500 of the popular Wikipedia pages.
+But even in this limited view, we can do a lot of things.
+So we get a sense of the issues that are most popular on Wikipedia.
+I'm going to vote on that issue.
+Well, having elected '94, I know that Wikipedia's most ejected by Time magazine about this year.
+This is really important because this is a realization that doesn't have in a single Wikipedia page.
+It's only to see if you step back and look at it.
+And if I can look at a specific summary, I can go inside the magazine of Time magazine, and see everybody else.
+Now, when I look at all these people, I realize that the majority of government government is coming, some of them come from science, some of them are from less economics. Here's my boss. And one comes from music.
+And interestingly, Bono is also a TED Prize winner.
+So now we can jump and have a look at all the TED Prizes.
+You see, we're surfing the first time that the web is actually a net, not only from side to side, but much more abstract.
+And so I want to show you what a little surprise might be.
+I'm just going to show you the New York Times website.
+Pivot, this application -- I don't want to call it a browser; it's really not a browser, but you can go and see websites -- and we're bringing these technologies to everybody like this.
+So I can go back a step, and I can jump right into a specific soap.
+And so this is important because you can only look through the site of websites in this way, all the Internet standards in the same way.
+So I can zoom in on my own ring in a particular time frame.
+Here's the state of the entire demonstration that I've kept up to here.
+And I can kind of, sort of, see everything I've seen today, repeating back.
+And then, when I step out again and look up, I can look up my search for the following, and here I've looked for "come to Bing," or here, or there's a live reader.
+And from here, I can go into the site and put it back up.
+It's a metaphor which goes back and forth every time, and it makes the whole picture bigger than the sum of the data.
+Right now, in this world, we think that data is a flood.
+We're talking about the flow of information.
+We're talking about "Heys-maning information."
+What if we could turn this situation around and turn the Internet on its head as we go from one to the other, from many things to many things, and see the pattern that otherwise would have remained?
+If we can do that, then this data will create a new source of information.
+And instead of just moving into information, we can get knowledge out of it.
+And if we know knowledge, maybe we can even extract wisdom from it.
+And I'll stop there, thank you very much.
+Everybody's talking about happiness today.
+I've given a number of people who have gone out and published books in the title for the last five years, and they've posted about 40 and a couple more.
+There's a huge wave of interest among researchers.
+There's a lot of luck with firemen.
+Everybody would like to be happy.
+But despite all this flow of work, there are several cognitive approaches to which it's almost impossible to think about happiness.
+And my talk today is mostly about cognitive biases.
+This is true for Laies who think about their own happiness, and it's true of scientists who think about happiness because it turns out that we're just as much each other.
+The first of these cases is to admit complexity.
+Well, it turns out the word happiness is just not a useful word anymore because we apply it to lots of different things.
+I think there's a certain sense of where we could limit it, but in large and large that's something we're going to need to give up, and we're going to take the complicated perspective of what well-being is.
+The second case is a desperation of experience and memory is that it essentially is lucky amongst its life and is happy with your life or with your life.
+And these are two very different concepts, and they're both thrown together in the notion of happiness.
+And the third is the concentration of concentration, and that's the unhappy fact that we can't think about a prosperity that influences well-being without destroying its meaning.
+I mean, that's a real cognitive case.
+There's just no way to get it right.
+Now, I'd like to start with an example of someone who had a question, a history of mine who had a story that reads a story, and he said [unclear] He heard a symphony, and it was absolutely wonderful music, and at the end of it, there was a terrible music circle.
+And then he added, really, really emotional, that all of the experience ruined.
+But it didn't.
+What had ruined it to the memories of the experience.
+He had the experience.
+He had 20 minutes of wonderful music.
+They didn't count, because he was left with a memory, and the memory was ruined, and the memory was all he had to be thrown out.
+What this really says is that we could think about ourselves and other people in the sense of two types of self.
+There is a self which lives in the present, and the present knows to experience the past, but essentially only has the present.
+It's the self-assembly that occurs to the physician -- you know, when the doctor says, "Do you want to touch it here?"
+And then there's a self, and the self that gets up and the story of our life, and it's the doctor talking about by asking the question, "How did you feel last in the last time?"
+or "How was your journey to Albania?" or something like that.
+These are two very different units that experience self and the ecstasy, and the two are a part of the term to each other's happiness.
+Now, the ecstatic self is a storyteller.
+And this really begins with a fundamental reaction to our memories -- it immediately starts.
+Not only do we tell stories when we're making stories.
+Our memory tells us stories, which means we must keep ourselves from our experiences.
+And let me begin with an example.
+There's an old study.
+These are real patients who engage in a painful procedure.
+I won't go into the details of the time. It's not painful, but it was painful, when this study was performed in the 1990s.
+They were asked to report every 60 seconds their pain.
+And here are two patients. These are their records.
+And you're asked, "Who did you think more about them?"
+And that's a very simple question.
+Patient B has more paralyzed, in a way, and his gut level was longer, and every minute of pain that patient had A, B, and more.
+But now there's another question: "Well, how did these patients feel?"
+And here's a surprise.
+And the surprise is that patient has a much worse conceit than patient.
+The stories of guts have been different, and because one thing is very important in the story, how it end.
+And none of these stories are very built or great -- but one of them is more -- but one of them is much worse than the other.
+And the one who is worse is where the pain at the very end was at the very peak. It's a bad story.
+How do we know this?
+Because we asked these people, their gut level, and much later, much later, "How much worse was the whole thing?"
+And she was much worse for A in B than in A.D.
+Now, this is a direct conflict between the experience of self and the oblivious self.
+From an experience of self-expression, bad time had a worse time.
+Now, what you could do with the patient, and we actually did clinical experiments, and it was done, and it could actually reassemble the reassemble the axis of patients in there, without causing them to do anything about it.
+And that's going to lead the patient to a little, but only a little less than before.
+And if you do that for a few minutes, you have made the experience that's having a bad patient at a time, and you have made the experience that the patient is much better at it, because now you have given a patient a better story about your experience.
+What is a story about what's the story?
+And that's true of the stories that provides memory and all of us inventing stories.
+What a story is that there are all these transformations, significant moments and end-of-lifes.
+After all, very important and dominated by this case.
+Well, the experience of self lives lives continuously.
+It's got a moment of experience, one by one.
+And you say, what happens to those moments?
+And the answer is really simple. They're always lost.
+I mean most of our lives -- and I've calculated this for, you know, psychological present. It means something like three seconds, you know, there are about 600 million of them in a month. Most of them leave behind.
+Most of them are completely ignored by the self.
+And yet, somehow you get the impression that it should count, that what happened in that moment of experience is our lives.
+It's the limited resource that we consume as we're in this world.
+And how we would consume them, but that's not the story that keeps us happy.
+So we have the edolescent self and the experience of self, and they are really quite different.
+The biggest difference between them is time.
+From an experience of self, if you have a vacation and the second week is as good as the first, then the first two vacation is twice as good as one.
+That doesn't work at all for the self-destructive.
+For the self-expression, a two-legged vacation is barely better than the one who is added up because there are no new memories of the memory.
+They haven't changed the story.
+And in this way, the critical variable that is a very different self-expression, which is different from an experience of self-expression, has very little influence in that story.
+Now, the remembering self makes more sense to remember and to tell stories.
+It's actually the one that makes decisions, because if you have a patient who has two guts, say, two surgeons have two different surgeons, and decide which one he's going to pick, then that's the one who has a reminder, which is the surgeon who's going to be selected.
+The self has no choice in this choice.
+We actually don't choose between experiences, we choose between memories.
+And even when we think about the future, we don't normally think of our future as experiences.
+We think about our future as memories.
+And you can basically look at this, because, as a tyranny of self, you can remember the self-esteem, as a kind of self-fulfilling, self-loathing that needs to experience that doesn't need to experience.
+I have this notion that if we do this, it's very common, that means we're going to go on vacation largely at the service of the day.
+And that's a little hard to justify, I think.
+I mean, how much do we draw from our memories?
+This is one of the explanations that's been given to the dominance of the doom.
+And when I think about it, I think about it after a vacation that we made at Antarctica a few years ago at the best vacation I ever had, and I think quite often at the relationship I'm thinking about how many times I think about it.
+And I've probably raised my memory of these three wacky journeys, I would say, over the last four or five minutes.
+Now if I had opened that place with the 600 images I would have spent another hour.
+Now, these are three weeks, and they're the highest.
+There seems to be an incongruity.
+Now, I like a little bit of an extremely happy, you know, how little appetites I have on the tent, but even if you make more of a real question, why do we give memories so much weight in the weight that we have?
+So I want you to think about a thought experiment.
+Imagine their next vacation, you know that at the end of your vacation, all of your paintings are wiped out, and you get a premature drug so you won't remember anything.
+Now, would you choose the same vacation? And if you choose another vacation, there's a different conflict between your two, and you have to think about how to decide between these two kinds of self and what that conflict isn't, because if you're going to get an answer from time, then you might get a different answer.
+Why do we choose vacation to come up with a problem that deals with an election between the two species of ourselves.
+Now, the two ways of self-esteem are of happiness.
+There are actually two concepts of happiness that we can apply to one another per selves.
+So you can ask, how happy is the experience of being?
+And then you'd ask: How happy are the moments of life in the moment?
+And they're all -- happiness for moments is a quite complicated process.
+What are the emotions that can be measured?
+And by the way, we're now pretty good at figuring out a good idea of happiness over time.
+If you are lucky enough to ask yourself, it's a very different thing.
+It's not about how happy a person is alive.
+It's how content, how happy or how they are, when that person thinks about their life.
+Very different terms.
+Everybody who's not being different from this term of happiness will be seen, and I'm one of the many researchers from well-being who've been studying happiness in this particular way.
+The distinction between the good of happiness and the self-esteem of the last few years has been recognized, and now you're trying to measure the  separator of the two.
+The gallup Organization has asked a global survey where more than half a million people have been asked about what they think about their lives and their experiences, and there were other efforts in that direction.
+So in recent years, we've started to learn about the lucky of both species.
+And the main lesson that we have, I think, is that they're really different.
+You can know how happy somebody is with their life, and that really doesn't teach them how happy he lives and the other person lives.
+Just to give you an idea of correlation, correlation, correlation is about5.
+What does this mean is, if you went to meet someone and you said, oh, his father is a two-meter-manage, how much would you know about their size?
+Well, you would know something about its size, but there's an enormous amount of uncertainty.
+They have so much uncertainty.
+If I tell you that someone in their life has eight to a scale from a 10 different uncertainty, you have an enormous amount of uncertainty about how happy he is with his selves.
+So the correlation is low.
+We know something about what happiness determines happiness.
+We know money is very important, goals are very important.
+We know that happiness is mainly about being happy with people that we like to spend time with people that we like.
+There's other pleasures, but this is dominant.
+So if you want to maximize the happiness of both species, you will end up doing very different things.
+So, the conclusion from what I said here is that we shouldn't really imagine happiness as a substitute for well-being.
+It's a completely different term.
+Well, very briefly, another reason we can't think about happiness is that we're not based on the same things as we think about life, and we're actually living.
+So if you ask the simple question, how do people get in California aren't the right answer?
+If you think that the people in California are going to have to be happier if you're going to live in Ohio.
+And what happens is that as you think about life in California, you think about the difference between California and other places, and this difference is, say, climate.
+Well, it turns out climate isn't very important for the experience of self, and it's not even very important for the fact that the happy self decides how happy people are.
+Well, because it's responsible, you can end up pulling some people out at the end of California.
+And it's kind of interesting to track what happens to people who are moving to California in hope to be happier.
+Now, you experience yourself less happy.
+We know this.
+But one thing will happen. You will think they're happier, because when they think about it, they remember how terrible the weather was in Ohio, and they will feel they've made the right decision.
+It's very difficult to think about well-being, and I hope I've given you a sense of how difficult it is.
+Thank you.
+Chris Anderson: Thank you. I've got a question for you.
+Thank you.
+Now, when we mentioned a few weeks ago on the phone, you mentioned, that there was a pretty interesting result of this Gallup poll that came out of this Gallup poll.
+Is this something you can have made us participate in it, because you've got a couple of minutes left now?
+Daniel Kahneman: Sure.
+I think the most interesting result we found in the Gallup poll is a number we absolutely did not expect to find.
+We found that in terms of happiness in the pursuit of self.
+When we looked at how emotions can vary with income.
+And it turns out that under a year of 60,000 dollars a year, for Americans, and that's a very large sample of American, but it's a major representative sample, under a 60-percent increase in income per year.
+CA: 60,000.
+DK: 60,000.
+60,000 dollars a year are unhappy, and they're increasingly happy the poorer they will be.
+And we get a completely flat line on that.
+I mean, I rarely saw flat lines.
+What happens is obviously that money creates no experience, but that lack of money to a lack of misery, we can measure this misery very, very clear experience.
+In the spirit of the other self, the self, the '94, you get another story.
+The more money you make, the more you get.
+It's not true of emotion.
+CA: But Danny, in the whole American pursuit of life, is freedom, the pursuit of happiness.
+If people were to pick this up, I mean it seems like all of us who think we're going to have in terms of tax policy and so forth.
+Is there any chance politicians would generally pick a country if they were to take it seriously and make politics based on that?
+DK: You know, I think there are recognitions of the role of happiness in politics.
+The recognition will be slow, not a question in the United States, but in the United Kingdom it's happening now and elsewhere in the world.
+People are looking at recognition that they should think about happiness when they think about politics.
+It's going to take a while, and people will debate whether they want experience or whether they want to study life-saving devices, so we have to take that discussion pretty soon.
+How to increase happiness very differently, how do you think and whether you remember the self or the experience of your own self.
+This will affect politics, I think, in the coming years.
+In the United States, you can measure the experience of the population.
+That will be, I think, in the next few decades, or two decades, of national statistics.
+CA: Well, it seems to me that that topic, or at least it should be the most interesting political debate about the next couple of years.
+Thank you for figuring out the invention of behavioral economics.
+Thank you, Danny Kahneman.
+Today I'm going to talk to you about energy and climate.
+And that might surprise you, because my full-time job is largely largely a vaccine in the foundation and Saativity, to make things that we invent and deliver to the poorest two billion lives.
+But energy and climate are extremely important for these people, actually, more important than any other planet.
+Climate change means that the savages don't grow up for many years, we don't grow too much or too little too much, and the things are going to change their fragile environment.
+This is what causes hunger. It leads to uncertainty. It leads to untold.
+So, climate change is going to be terrible for them.
+And also, the price of energy is very important for them.
+The fact is, if you could reduce the price of reducing the price, global poverty would be far more effective at reducing.
+Well, the price of energy has fallen through time.
+In fact, the progress of energy is based on energy science.
+The coal revolution pushed the Industrial Revolution, and even in the 20th century there was a rapid case of electricity, and so we've got refrigerators, we're able to create modern materials, and so we can do all kinds of things.
+So we're in a wonderful situation with power in the rich world.
+But if we reduce the price tag -- let's cut down half the price -- we're hitting a new barrier and this barrier is associated with CO2.
+CO2 levels are the planet, and the equation for CO2 is actually quite clear.
+They sum up the carbon dioxide that's going to lead to the temperature, and that temperature has some very negative consequences, and perhaps worse, the natural systems that can't adapt to such disciplines and the whole system collapse.
+Now, the exact relationship between a CO2 and reducing the temperature of the temperature change, and where the effects of this may be, there are some ambiguities, but not very much.
+And there are safe things about how bad these consequences are going to be, but they're going to be extremely bad.
+I asked the top scientists, "Do we really get down to zero?
+Doesn't they have half or a quarter?"
+And the answer is, we are near zero, we're going to keep increasing temperature.
+So it's a big challenge.
+It's very different than to say we have a three-acre truck that has to move under a bridge that's got to be able to emitted just below the bridge.
+This has to go all the way down to zero.
+Well, we emit a human extinction every year, over 2 billion tons.
+Every American, about 20 tons -- from poor countries, less than one.
+It's about five tons on average, on each planet.
+And somehow we have to bring about changing the impact on zero.
+It's up so far.
+Only different economic changes have even influenced by this, and we have to go up to reducing that increase in a decline in zero to zero.
+This equation has four factors. One bit of multi-tracking. You've got this thing on the left -- CO2 you want to get from zero, and it's going to depend on the number of people who use services in the average person who's on average, the average energy for every service of that goes up and a carbon unit.
+So let's have a look at each of these factor and think of how we get it to zero.
+Probably a numbers of these numbers may come close to zero.
+Now that's fundamental algebra, but let's do it.
+First of all, we have population.
+Today, 6.8 billion people live.
+And it's going up to nine billion. It's going to move to nine billion.
+If we can succeed in new vaccines with health care and reproduction, we could probably reduce that by 10 to 15 percent, but at the moment, we see a re-percent increase in3.
+The second factor is the services we use.
+This includes everything we eat, food, clothing, heating.
+And these are very good things and reducing poverty, which is to make almost everybody on the planet.
+It's great that this number goes up.
+In the rich world, at the top, we could make more than a billion, and we could make less money, but on average, that number will increase, and by doubling every year, the number of people who are prepared to get paid by the services.
+So here we see a very basic service. Is there lights at home so you can read the homework?
+And these students don't have it, so they go out and read their schoolwork on the street.
+Well, efficiency, E, the energy services per capita, finally good news.
+We have something that doesn't go up.
+And because of different success in light, because of the other autopsy-dwellers, through new tools, through new tools, there are lots of services in the house that can be dramatically analyzed, 103, 103, 103 -- 103, 103 -- 103: 103, 103 -- 103: 103 -- and 103: 103, some services are going to reduce 90 percent.
+Some of these are reducing by 90 percent.
+In other services, like the manufacturing of fertilizer, 105 lbs: 056,000 -- 05: 9696 or air traffic jams or air traffic jams -- this is the game much smaller.
+In total, when we're optimistic, we might get a factor of three or maybe even a factor in the world.
+But for the first three factors, we are now at 26 billion of them, perhaps 13 billion tons. And it just didn't come out.
+So let's look at the fourth factor, and that's what a key thing will be -- this is how much CO2 per unit of energy is being gathered per unit of energy.
+It's a question of whether you can get it to zero.
+If you burn coal, no.
+If you burn natural gas, no.
+Almost every manufacturing method for electricity today is generating electricity, except for renewables and nuclear energy.
+So, what we need to do in a global level is to build a new system.
+We need energy admiring.
+Now if I use a term called "susks," I don't mean the impossible.
+The microprocessor is a miracle. The PC is a miracle.
+The Internet and its service is a miracle.
+People here have contributed a lot of this wonder.
+Usually, there's no Deadline that you need a miracle to be able to date with a specific date.
+Usually you're just next to it, and some are coming, some aren't.
+But in this case, we have to give full gas and wonder in a very short time.
+Well, I wondered, how can I really get this over?
+Is there a natural defecation, a demonstration, to see the notion of the people here?
+I remembered last year when I brought mosquitos and kind of liked them.
+And the idea was to really, really tangible here, you know, that there are people living with mosquitos.
+And for energy that just came to my mind.
+I decided that would give you the free fires of my one year-old contribution to the environment here.
+So here are some natural fireflies.
+I was told that they didn't bite. In fact, they probably won't even leave the glass.
+Well there are all kinds of player, like these, but they don't do much.
+We need solutions, either for a number or for unimaginable scale and imaginable place, and even though there are many directions in which people are searching for, I really see only five that can afford this great demands.
+I've lost tides, fusions, biofuels.
+This one might be better off than I expect, but my core point here is we have to work on all of those five, and we can't give up because they're all too shy, because they all have a significant problem.
+Let's first look at the burning fossil fuels, burning burning of either coal or natural gas.
+What you have to do there, it may seem simple, but it's not. You have to burn all this carbon from burning, you get under the chimney, you remove a pressure, you're going to have to be storing it somewhere, hoping it's left.
+There are some pilot projects that are creating on a 60 percent level -- but at a very difficult level, they're going to get a reduction in the camp -- and a reduction in CO2 is a big challenge, but this is the biggest problem here at the camp.
+Who will make it safe?
+Who can make a difference, which is literally a billion times bigger than any kind of garbage you could think of as nuclear and other things?
+That's a lot of volume.
+So that's a tough sane.
+Next: nuclear power.
+It's also got three big problems: the cost, especially in high-resolution countries, and the question of the matter is that you really feel you can't go wrong despite the fact that the human fuel work isn't being used for weapons.
+And what do you do with the waste?
+Because although he's not very big, there's a lot of concerns.
+People have to feel good about this, 184 — 184, — — — —  pas, three, very difficult problems that maybe are solvable.
+So three very difficult problems, which may be solvable, and therefore you should work on.
+The last three of the five I've summarized.
+It's the expensive power we can use, as we know it.
+And even though it's great -- although they don't need fuel -- they have a few disadvantages.
+One is that the energy density that generates this technology is dramatically lower than the power of the power.
+These are energy farms, you talk about many square kilometers, thousands of times more surfaces than a regular power plant.
+And also these sources of interruptions.
+The sun doesn't shine all day, and it doesn't seem to be constantly chasing the wind.
+That's why, if you depend on these sources, you have a way to get energy out of time, which is also available.
+So there's a lot of price point here, and there's a lot of challenges to transmission. So if we say, for example, the energy source is beyond the country, you don't just need to deal with the risk of putting your risk of energy into account where it's different.
+And there's the camp problem.
+And to show the dimensions I've created, I've made all kinds of batteries, all of which are used for cars, computers, trucks, bags, for everything. And I've used that with the amount of energy that the world uses, compared to all of the batteries that we're producing, I've found that all batteries now are less than 10 minutes of power.
+So what we need is a big breakthrough here, a factor that will be 100 times better than the renaissance of the time.
+It's not impossible, but it's not that easy.
+That's what happens when you try to get that bottom 30 percent of the sources above that, and we're trying to get 30 percent of the consumption.
+If you want to support 100 percent of the time, you need an unbelievable miracle.
+Well, where should we go about this, what is the right approach?
+A project calledMantan? How do we get there?
+What we need are a lot of companies working on this. Hundreds.
+In each of these five areas, we need at least 100 people.
+Many will say, you're crazy! That's good.
+I think there's a lot of people in the TED community out there that are already dealing with this.
+Bill Gross has several companies, among other companies, one name is solarthermal technology.
+Vinod Khosla invested in dozens of companies doing great things, and interesting opportunities have taken this and I'm trying to support that.
+Nathan Myhrvold and I are a company that may, perhaps, be surprisingly, pursues nuclear approach.
+There are some innovations in the nuclear area; modular, liquid.
+Now, developing this industry has stopped some time ago, so it's not a big surprise that some good concepts are flying around.
+The terrain would mean that instead of having a part of the source, the U.S., we decided to burn 99 percent of the U.K.
+It's a pretty crazy idea.
+But in fact, it was thought about it for a long time, but you couldn't quite simulate a long time, if it worked, but there's modern supercomputers, you can simulate it and see that, yes, the right materials are coming out, that it looks pretty much functional.
+And because you burn this 99 percent, the cost is much better.
+In fact, you burn waste, and you can even use the waste from today as a propulsion.
+Instead of breaking your head, you just burn it. It's a great thing.
+That's almost going to consume a candle, a little bit like a candle.
+You can see that it's a kind of pillar, often called "What a wave" reactor.
+That really solves the fuel problem.
+Here's an image of a Ortes in Kentucky.
+This is the waste that 99. You burn the part that's been burned now, so it's called uranium.
+That was the U.S. for a hundred years.
+And if you give ocean underwater and just  filtr, you get plenty of oxygen to the rest of the planet.
+You know, there are many challenges, but there's an example of many hundreds of concepts that we need to get forward.
+Let's think about how we should measure our success.
+What should our witnesses look like?
+Well, if we're going to the goal, we've got to get there and then talk about that between that.
+Many talk about 80 percent reduction in 2050.
+It's really important that we get there.
+The rest of the 20 percent is produced in poor countries, and still it's growing a little bit, and a forest is going to be a "trivial" to a clean cement and cement.
+So to get to that 80 percent, the developed world, including countries like China, are doing their electricity policies completely.
+The other note is whether we use zero emissions in all the developed countries, and we are destined to get them to the rest of the world.
+That's great.
+This becomes a key element of this stuff.
+If we go back from there, what should the 2020 of this stuff look like?
+It should have those two elements.
+We should be using the efficiency to get reductions on the way down, and the less we're generating, the less CO2 we're going to be carbon, and also to bring the temperature back.
+But actually, the grade for the things we do is we take the stuff that doesn't completely lead to the big reduction, just the same thing, or even less important, like the speed of innovation for this breakthrough.
+And these breakthroughs, we have to track full gas, and we can measure this: in companies, in pilots and regulation.
+There's a lot of great books on this issue.
+Al Gore: We have the choice, and David McKayss Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy, the Hot Air Force.
+They really go through it and create a framework where this can be very broad, because we need support for all of the pages.
+There are a few things that need to come together.
+That's a wish.
+And it's a very concrete wish that we invent this technology.
+If you'll only have a wish for the next 50 years, I could choose a president, a vaccine, and I love that wish, or I could choose that wish, half the energy price without CO2 being invented. I'll be able to feed that wish.
+This has the greatest impact.
+If we don't get that wish, we will get the grave between the short-term and short-term individuals in the short term, between China and China, between the poor and the rich countries. And almost all of those two billion lives will be very bad.
+So what do we need to do?
+What are the measures of the action that I'm presenting?
+We need to be more interested in doing more research.
+If countries meet in places like Kopp, they shouldn't just talk about CO2 in the same way.
+You should be speaking out of this innovation strategy, and you would have been shocked by the ridiculously lower-minded dollars to try to understand this innovative approach.
+We need market incentives, CO2 tax, Cap and Trade is doing something that makes a price tag.
+We have to spread the message.
+We need to make dialogue more rational and completely more rational, and things are done by the government.
+It's a wish, but I think we can fulfill it.
+Thank you.
+Thank you.
+Chris Anderson: Thank you. Thank you.
+Thank you. Just to understand a bit better, first, can you give us an idea of this investment?
+Bill Gates: To get the simulation on a supercomputer, all the big scientists that we've done, we just need a few million -- and even if we tested our materials in a Russian reactor to make sure it works, you're just in the 100 million.
+The tough step is to find the first reactor, finding another billions of dollars, and actually built the first place.
+And when the first thing is done, when it's as if it's as predicting, as clearly as the economy is, because the economy, the density of energy is so different from nuclei, as we know it.
+CA: To understand this right, which means that it's sort of a profound swell, which is almost like a vertical wing of a fuel, and then that process is starting to work and continue to work.
+BG: Exactly. So you've got to fill in this reactor in a lot of people, so there's a lot of control, which can go wrong. That thing you open and things in there or go out. That's not good!
+But if you have very cheap fuel, you can fill it for 60 years -- think of a shit -- without all the complexity.
+And it sits there and burnts for 60 years and then it's done.
+CA: A nuclear reactor that offers himself a solution to waste.
+BG: Yeah. Now, what happens to the waste: You can let him sit -- there's a lot less waste with this method -- then you just grab it and burn it into the next reactor and burn it.
+And we start by taking the waste that's already in these cooling centers or dry heat engine, which is our startling.
+So this is what a problem for these reactors that we fill in our own and that becomes dramatically reduced as this process unfolds.
+CA: But as you're talking to various people in the world about these opportunities.
+What's the biggest interest in this, of something that's really going on?
+BG: Now we haven't finished a place yet, and there's a lot of interesting revelations of rules for everything called the "nuclear," and there's a lot of interest in Russia, and people were in Russia, China, India, China, I was here, and I met the energy minister talking about how the energy of the energy is being applied to the energy of the system.
+I'm optimistic. You know, the French and Japanese have made some direction.
+This is a sort of thing that was done.
+It's an important step forward, but it's like a speed of reactor and some countries built this one, so each of these is actually a quick reactor to go forward for our first time.
+CA: So in your mind, time frame and probability, are you really going to call for life?
+BG: Now we need to have one of those scalable, scalable things that are very cheap, we have 20 years to make and then replace.
+This is sort of the Deadline that has given us the environmental models we need to keep up.
+And, you know, a TerraPower, when it's all going well, and it's a big wish, it might easily keep it easy.
+And luckily, there are dozens of companies today, and we need hundreds of companies that, just as much as their approaches, that can offer those pilots to do the same thing.
+And it would be best if it could be several, because you could use a mixture.
+So anyway, we need a solution.
+CA: Are there a lot of breakthroughs out there, is this the greatest thing you know?
+BG: A solitary unit of energy is the most important thing.
+It would have been a vitality without the environment, but it makes it even more important.
+There's other innovative companies in the nuclear sector.
+You know, we don't know how well these workers are, but there's the modular method, so that's another approach.
+There's a liquid reactor that seems a little difficult, but maybe it tells us something about us.
+And so there's a beautiful, but the nice thing about it is that a molecule has about a million times the energy, so let's say, a coal molecule and if you can deal with the problems, and the radiation are mostly the footprint, the cost, the amount of things playing on the land and other things, almost in a al league.
+CA: But if that doesn't work, what happens?
+Do we need a crack cocaine to try to keep the temperature stable?
+BG: If you come into that situation, it's like having too much food, and I'm just going to ask you to have a heart attack, what do you do? You know, you need a heart attack or something.
+There's a research set of geoengineering that's going on in different techniques to get warming up to 20 or 30 years longer to get us together.
+This is just an insurance method.
+You hope we don't need that.
+Some people say, you shouldn't work at all because you might want to eat the insurance that's going to be so on, because you know, you're going to save your heart surgery.
+I don't know if that's smart, if you can imagine the importance of this problem, but there's a discourse in geoengineering that should be available if you have things faster than we expect them to do it, or that innovation requires longer than we expect.
+CA: Climate's kind of a non-violent: Have you had one or two sentences to persuade you to convince you?
+BG: Well unfortunately, the skeptics live in very different camps.
+Those who make scientific arguments are very few.
+Tell them that there are negative effects that are going to have to do with the clouds that are wasting things?
+There are very, very few things that they can even say about a one-million chance of doing.
+The main problem here is the same as AIDS.
+You make the mistake right now, and you pay a lot later.
+And so the idea is, if you have all kinds of serious problems to invest in something that you don't have as much -- and that's not really the most clear thing that you do, in fact, the IPCC Report isn't necessarily the worst scenario and there are people in the rich world looking at IPCC and saying, OK, that's not a big drama.
+The fact of the matter is that this uncertainty should worry.
+But my dream here is, if you can do this economicly, and at the same time it's going to get rid of the carbon footprint, even say, "Okay, it doesn't mean I'm going to have to take it to a st that, but I'm going to accept it, because it's cheaper than the previous one."
+CA: And that's your answer to the stockpile of Lomborg, that if you use all this time and energy to solve all the other targets that suffer from poverty, the fights and so on, there's a stupid waste of resources in getting better resources for that, while we can do things better.
+BG: Well, the actual spending of research on -- let's say we should spend 10 billion dollars a year today -- that's not so dramatic.
+I don't think we should suffer from that in some way.
+You can make a lot of money from large-scale people, and here, if you have something that is not economic, and try to fund that, and for me, most of the money is going to happen.
+It's a very shorthand, and you are just financed by the cost of learning, and I think we should try to have more things that are much less effective than being cheaper.
+If you overeating that, you get a very high price, then you can only keep the rich.
+I mean, every one of us here could spend five times as much energy trying to change our lifestyle.
+But for the bottom two billion, it's a disaster.
+And even Lomborg thinks.
+His new mammalian is now, "Why isn't your research going to do more?"
+He's still associated with his previous stories, with the skeptics, but he understood that this is a very lonely group, and so he's now bringing this research into the research.
+And that's a thought that I think is appropriate.
+The research, it's crazy, it's going to be supported.
+CA: Bill, I think I'm speaking to almost everybody here, when I say I really hope that your wish becomes true. Thank you so much.
+BG: Thank you.
+I'd like to tell you something that I noticed a couple of months ago in writing an article of Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired Wired article.
+I've always had my sync's book bias, but I've been out of work with the text messaging, and I realized that in fact, I've never really gone into my life after what the word "belief" really means.
+I'll read you the post.
+Adhed, "jelly ignitable, helpless, disengage, mutilated, mutilated, mutilated, mutilated, mutilated, mutilated, mutilated, ruthlessly, mutilated, mutilated, mutilated, mutilated, ruthlessly, mutilated, ruthlessly, mutilated, mutilated, rutted, mutilated, mutter, mutilated, mutter, m
+Antony: Geet, strong, powerful."
+I read this list out loudly, and I read it the list, but it seemed so ridiculous, and I couldn't just speak until I read the word, and then I couldn't read and write and collect myself on that and collect me from the time of these universally emotional shocks.
+Of course, that was a French synergy, old-fashioned dictionary. I just thought that the output must be pretty old.
+But in fact, it was an issue in the early 1980s when I started in elementary school, and started building my own self-asembly, and also to form and form, in terms of other kids around the world.
+And thank God I did not use a "Waser-E-Nga dictionary."
+If I were born in that post-conflict world, I would be born a world that could walk like someone who can walk in a positive way that I do now, but I'm going to celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate celebrate
+So I immediately called the online director of 2009, and I expected I could get a one-on-one contribution here.
+Here's the updated version of the post.
+Unfortunately, it's not much better.
+In particular, I'm struck by the last two words under "Near Antarctica," and "sundrum."
+But it's not just words.
+It's what we think about people's words that describe those words.
+It's about the values that are in words, and how we build these values.
+Our language is influenced by our thinking and how we see the world and the people around us.
+Many old societies, including the Greeks, have really believed that the op-ed, a flow of a big power, because what you're talking about is also manifest itself.
+So, what do we actually want to manifest -- a disabled person or a powerful human being?
+Just being human and able to draw an eight-year-old, ideally, they may limit themselves and translate their imagination.
+Wouldn't it be nice to open your door?
+One person who opened my door for me was my pediatrician at the A.I. You meet at  Wilmington in Delaware.
+It's called Dr. Pizzzz-o-Nao-A-G. It's a It-American who, as you might remember, most Americans couldn't really make it right. So he was called Dr. P.
+And Dr. P.C. always carried very colorful flies and was designed for the work with kids.
+I found the time when I was in that hospital, just great, en route to my physiotherapy.
+I had to repeat many times with these thick, elastic stock, different colors -- to make them know, to build my legs. And I hated these ones as everything else. I hated them.
+And imagine, even if you were a kid who was five years old and you were trying to stop that exercises, you know, without success.
+And one day he was watching me, when I saw my exercises -- these exercises were just boating and he said, "Wow, Aimee, you are so strong, powerful, young girls, and you're going to be destroying one of those things.
+And if you do, I'll give you hundreds of dollars."
+This was a simple trick by Dr. P.C., so I'm not going to do the exercises I wanted to do with my little five-year-old girl in the ward to be in the front of the ward, but actually he brought me into my daily practice, and that's how a new experience was getting a lot of promise.
+And I wonder today how much his vision of myself as a strong young girl and powerful young girl has shaped my self and I could imagine myself as a powerful, powerful, powerful, breathing, meaningful human being.
+This is just one example of how many of the power positions can lead to the imagination of one child.
+But as the examples already pointing out, Anonymous, dictionaries show us not a space to imagine what all of us would wish to allow each and every one of us to see themselves as a powerful human being.
+Our language has shifted the social changes that have been caused by a technological change in many cases.
+From the standpoint of medical imaging, you can say, of course, my legs, the laser scanning brain, the knees of titanium and artificial hips, the people who really allow people to use their natural possibility and leverage their natural destiny, recognizing that there are no sense of social networking, there can be a kind of identity, people defining themselves as a function of their own.
+And they're looking at orienting to groups around the world that are choosing themselves.
+So maybe this technological change is clear because there's always a different truth, which is that every human society can give something special and very powerful and very powerful and that the human ability to adapt to it, is our greatest plus.
+The human ability to adapt -- this is an interesting story, because people always ask me how I go with Widoes and I'll never be surprised by it, and I never really feel very uncomfortable with it, and I think the questions of people who have been trying to answer all of that I understand.
+This sentence of creation lived by a great idea that success or a challenge of occupied happiness depends on how a challenge or a challenge works, without arguing with the experience of being connected, and as if my life were so successful, because I could never perceive the possible case of a prosthetic life with a prosthetic definition, or how people were able to perceive me with my disability.
+But the truth is, we are changing, of course, and we are acting by the challenge of whether they're physical or emotionally, or even both.
+And I'd like to suggest that that is a good thing.
+Now, there's no obstacle to get there with our life.
+And there are just too hard to our lives.
+And I tend to think of jokes as my shadow.
+Sometimes I realize that he's very present sometimes, to see, but he is all the time.
+And I don't want to replace the impact or the heavy conditions of a human being.
+There are real-world challenges and challenges, and the only ones that are real and that are all about them, but the question is not whether we're talking about jokes or not, but how we manage to deal with it.
+So we are not only responsible for separating the people we love to keep track of putting their destiny, but also to prepare them to get good.
+And we don't often feel like giving them the sense that they can't adapt.
+You have to realize two things: one, to be clear, is that one medical fact or that the other is social argument about whether I'm disabled or not.
+And to be honest, the only real, and remain disabled, with which I had to deal with, is that the world is constantly expressing me in these definitions.
+In our desire to protect people who are in the heart, who are in the heart, hardworking, or even give them a prediction of quality of life for the quality of living, who we have to expect them to be the reason we don't think that someone's actually disabled.
+Maybe this is a concept which is merely watching what's broken in a broken one, and how we fix it, for every single disability as a pathology state.
+If we treat a human being, not quite an individual, and not all of its forces and opportunities and the ability to perceive it in addition to that, then, of course, we may have to have a different disease.
+We delegate a human to our society.
+So we need to look beyond the emergence of Fatherlogy and focus on all the areas of human possibilities.
+But most importantly, there is a distinction between the perception of our inevitability and our great inventors, there is a connection.
+We should not numb those or disseminate time, or try to not avoid them, or unless we turn them under the carpet, but the point is not to recognize the dependency.
+I'm more interested in finding out that we may not necessarily have to overcome jokes, but that we're open to embrace them at the lap, and maybe even dance with them.
+And maybe we'll get it, as a natural thing, to see and feel useful and to feel more by their presence.
+This year we celebrate the 200th birthday from Charles Darwin and when he wrote over 150 years ago about evolution, Darwin, he demonstrates my eyes in something very oblivious to human characters.
+I would write it this way: not the most powerful of its kind, and also not the most intelligent of its kind, but the one who can adapt to the most well.
+Conflicts create creativity.
+Not only from Darwin's work, we know that the capacity for human beings to survive and to flourish, is to transform the struggle of the human spirit by conflict.
+So, again, change and adaptability are the greatest abilities of man.
+And maybe we know just what wood we're going to do when we're really tested.
+Perhaps that is the very meaning of Widity, a perception of what I feel for our own power.
+We can pay ourselves to do something like this.
+We can give new meanings beyond our time.
+Maybe we can see widows as a change.
+We have a transformation for the one that we're not yet adapted to.
+I think the biggest harm that we have in ourselves is what we believe we should be.
+Let's face it, who is normal?
+There is no normal.
+There's the evil. But not the normal guy. And would you like to know this poor, gray person really, if they're really there?
+I don't think so.
+It would be great if we could put this paradigm against normality or strength to really quite so that we could share even a little more dangerous, and we can use the forces of very many children and bringing them into society and valuable skills.
+Anthropy consists of people we've always been challenged by society to be useful, to do the job.
+There are evidence that Neanderthals, 60,000 years ago, older people and severe physical injuries, and perhaps that happened because of the lives of the people who had made life experience a terrible time in their society.
+They didn't take these people as broken and oblivious to them, and they were treated as something special and valuable.
+A few years ago, I grew up in the city where I was a grocery store at any grocery store in the northeaster's zone in Pennsylvania, and I stood there in front of a glass of tomato sauce.
+It was summer, and I had a Short Short show.
+And I hear a guy behind me, "Well, if that's not Aimee Mullins."
+And I turn around, and I see this older man. I had no idea who he is.
+And I said, "Excuse me, sir, we know? I don't remember you."
+And he said, "Well, you probably wouldn't remember me.
+When I first saw you, I took you from the gut of your mother."
+Oh, so this is it.
+And of course it did it.
+This was Dr. Kean, who I only had a man from my mother's narrative, because, of course, I was very typical about my birthday two weeks ago.
+The doctor for a physician in my mother's incarceration was a vacation, and so my parents knew the man who brought me to the world, and I couldn't.
+And because I was born without a cavian legs, my feet turned to them, and I only had a few toes on this other foot and some toes that he had to overhearse, that strangers had to get bad news.
+He said to me, "I had to tell your parents that you would never walk, and never would be as moving away as any other children or that you could never have an independent life, and have just kept me in desecrated lies."
+What I discovered was that he would have really extraordinary clip from my childhood career, whether I would have won a letter in the second grade competition to the chief inventor, whether I was on the stage with Halloween, whether I was with my sports victory or a clip from my sports self, and he used that piece of his graduate students to teach his medical school, to participate in the Hadron Collider and the Hershey Medical School.
+And he called this part of his course the X Prize, the potential of the human will.
+You can't just emphasize enough how critical this factor of living can be a quality of life.
+And Dr. Kean said, "I learned that kids don't get anything else, and if they only get a little support, if you let kids go through themselves, kids can achieve very much."
+Look, Dr. Kean has changed his thinking.
+He understood that medical diagnosis and how someone goes with it, two different things.
+And I've also changed my thinking over the years, when they asked me if I had my prosthetic legs made up of meat and bone, I would have been raped by my legs.
+I really wanted to make a difference at the time.
+If you ask me this today, I'm not so sure.
+And this is what happened, because of  WEIL, I witnessed something about my legs and not a lexicon of that experience.
+And maybe that change could happen, because I've been so many people that I've opened my door, instead of just letting people face me get in to face or to just one performance.
+You see, it really takes just one person to demonstrate how you manifest your forces, and you are dead through it.
+If you allow someone to activate their own internal forces -- the human mind is so evocative -- if you do that, and for a moment when you open a door in a critical moment, you're good teachers for those people.
+They teach them to open up doors.
+The real meaning of the word "educate" comes in the word "educed."
+It means bringing something out to be just aware of the potential.
+Again, what potential do we want to call?
+In the '60s, a case study was done in Britain at the time, high school were converted to total schools.
+They call this "Streaming Trial" in America we call it a "rackingracking."
+Students are shared on grades.
+And the students get essentially given way more severe, so on and so forth.
+They then wrote a three-month period with "spad" that the grade "simpli" was given to them, and they said it was very clever, after these three months, they actually wrote it.
+And of course, it breaks you to hear the heart that the reverse engineer was told you were only enough.
+And then it went after three months.
+But only those that were still in school -- besides the students who had thrown school.
+The crucial thing about this study was that teachers weren't trespassed.
+The teachers didn't know that something was changed.
+They were just told that these are the one-on-oneone students, and the students are sufficient, and they've taught them something and treated them.
+The only real disability is a broken mind that has broken hope, has no longer find any hope. He finds nothing more beautiful than our natural, childlike curiosity, and our innate capacity for a innate ability.
+But if we can continue to support the human mind to continue to really find themselves and to find other people around themselves, curious and fanciful, then we can really make our powers a positive one.
+If a mind has the quality of these qualities, we can create a new reality and new forms of life.
+I want to end with a poem by an in-infected called Hafected by my friend, and Jacques Dembois told me, "The God who knows four words," "Every God who knows not the god of the gods, not the god of thebots, but the god who knows the four words, and he's just saying, "God, he's dancing with me."
+Come on, dance with me. Thank you.
+How would you want to be better than you are right now?
+Suppose I said that with some changes in your genes, a better memory, more accurate, more quickly.
+Or you want to be fit, stronger, have more force.
+Do you want to become more attractive and more confident?
+How about living longer in good health?
+Or maybe you're one of those that has already been looking for more creativity.
+What would you like the most?
+What would you like if you had one?
+Creativity.
+How many people would choose creativity?
+Raise your hands. Let me show you.
+Some of them are. Probably as many creative people here.
+That's very good.
+How many would choose a good memory?
+A couple more.
+How about fitness?
+A few fewer.
+What about longevity?
+Ah, most people. I like to think of that as a doctor.
+If you only had one of them, it would be a very different world.
+Is this all just a remorse?
+Or is it possible?
+Evolution is a very ongoing subject in the TED conference, but I want to leave you with a doctor's view of the subject.
+The great geneticist in the 20th century, T.S. T. Dobhansky, who was also a communications solitary paradox at Russssa, wrote a title, "Non's title doesn't make sense in biology."
+Now, if you are one of those, you will not accept the evidence for biological evolution -- this would be a very good time to turn your own personal device -- I'll take the communication device -- and maybe you can take a look at the cathedral school that is the point of going to be wrong, because nothing else will make sense of this talk for you.
+But if you accept biological evolution, think about this: is it just about the past, or is it about the future?
+Is it true or is it a different disease?
+This is another view of the tree of life.
+In this picture, I've put a center of despair as all directions of the directions in all directions, because if you look at the edges of the tree of life, all the species on the top of this branch have had its success in evolutionary terms; it survived, it's based on fitness and strength.
+The human part of this bus, far at the end, is what we're most interested in.
+We tended to chimpanzee about six million years ago, or eight million years ago.
+In that period, maybe 20 or 25 different special special creatures were there.
+Some came and walked.
+We've been here for about 1350,000 years.
+It seems like we're fairly remote from the other parts of life, but actually most of it, the basic mechanisms we have are pretty much the same.
+Is it going to tell you that we can use this and actually re-examine the mechanisms of a bacterium to produce the protein of the human insulin to treat the diabetic?
+This is not like human gin; this is the same protein that is chemical from whatever the pancreas comes from pancreatic.
+And what we're talking about with bacteria is that, as each of us in our gut, it leads to more cells than it leads to the rest of our bodies in our bodies?
+Maybe 10 times as many.
+I mean, think about it, if Antonio Dam Damasio asked you, do you think about the bacteria?
+Our gut is a wonderful, benign environment for these bacteria.
+It's warm, it's dark, it's weeping, it's very comfortable.
+And you're all going to be able to offer nutrients that they might just be willing to do without effort.
+It's really a lighter way to get bacteria to a safe operating space that is literally a lower-level tainteding to an exoplanet.
+But otherwise, you're a wonderful environment for these bacteria, just like you care about your life.
+They help degrade the devastation of essential nutrients, and they protect certain diseases.
+But what will happen in the future?
+Are we in some kind of evolutionary balance in a form of species?
+Or are we going to become something else -- something that may even be adapted to the environment?
+So if we take a step back now, about 14 million years ago -- the Earth, the solar system, the first four and a half billion years ago -- perhaps three billion years ago -- the first-celled organisms on Earth -- perhaps the first -- maybe 800 years ago -- maybe as much as a billion years ago -- and then the human species, which eventually form in the last 13 years.
+In this vast symphony of the universe, life on Earth is only short; the animal's animals, like individual tactics, and the human lifespan, a small notebook.
+That's us.
+This is also important to the conversation, so I hope you enjoy it.
+Now when I was a new storyteller at college, I had my first biology class.
+I was fascinated with the elegance and beauty of biology.
+I fell in love with the power of evolution, and I found something very fundamental: in most of life, the existence of cells, each cell, and all the genetic information that is being performed in both of the cell become a daughter's own daughter.
+But at the time, as multicellular organisms figured out, things started to change.
+Sex sex drive is the image.
+And most importantly, with a sexual reproduction, the genome will continue to escape the rest of your body.
+In fact, you could say that the intangible of death in our bodies actually takes place in the same moment as sexual reproduction.
+Now I have to say, if I was a college student, okay, sex/AIDS, sex, sex, death -- it seemed kind of nice to have sex at the time, but with every single year, it's gone up to my increasingly doubt.
+I came to understand the feelings of George Burns who were doing his show in Las Vegas in the '90s.
+And one night, there's a cloning in his hotel room.
+He opens the door.
+He's got a beautiful, beautifully dressed-up show.
+She looks at him, and she says, "I'm for Super sex."
+"It's wonderful," George says, "I'm going to take the soup."
+I came to realize that, as a doctor, I worked differently than the goal of evolution -- not necessarily the same, just a different kind of delusion.
+I tried to keep the body alive.
+I wanted to keep us healthy.
+I wanted to restore health to a disease.
+I wanted us to live a long and healthy life.
+Evolution is all about reducing the genome for the next generation, adaptation and generation after generation.
+From an evolutionary standpoint, you're like Boost rockets to send the genetic fragments into the next stage to get yourself to fall into the sea.
+I think we would all agree that Woody Allen was the way to expression when he said, "I don't want to go through immortality through my work.
+I don't want to do it by dying.
+Evolution doesn't necessarily mean the longest life of evolution.
+It doesn't privileged to forced the most Greenland or the fastest, not even the sound.
+Evolution privilegedly adapts the creatures that are best at your environment.
+It's the only test of survival and success.
+The reason the ocean has been present in the thermophilanthropic bacteria, and by doing so would have fish, if it were essentially there was a vacuum, there would be a habitable environment for themselves to be able to do it.
+So, what that means is that, if we look back at what happens in evolution, and how we think about people in evolution, and especially how we look into the next phase, I would say that there's a number of possibilities.
+The first is that we're not going to evolve.
+We've come to a kind of balance.
+And the reason for this is that it's been done by medicine, it's been managed to get a lot of genes that would have been taken out otherwise and removed from the population.
+And second, we as a species have so adapted to our environment that we made it adaptable to us as well as we adapt it.
+And by the way, we move and cult ourselves and cultating so much that you can no longer say that isolation is necessary for evolution to go away.
+A second possibility is that it will be evolution of the kind of traditional, naturally enlightened forces.
+And the argument here is that the wheels of evolution are slower, but they're hardly ill-religible.
+And so far, the isolation, if we are generating planets as a species, will provide isolation and change in the environment that could produce naturally in the natural ways.
+But there's a third possibility, a remarkably and terribly significant opportunity.
+I call it the neo-Evolution -- which is not simply the new development of the process, but has led to us as individuals, in the decisions we make.
+Well, how could it have happened?
+How could it be possible that we could do this?
+So let's start by looking at the reality that people today, in some cultures, make decisions about their offspring.
+They are, in some cultures, to have more men than women.
+It's not necessarily good for society, but it's what the individuals and the family chooses.
+So, if you think it's not possible to pick your child's gender, but also to adopt genetic adaptations that would cure disease and prevent disease.
+What if you could make the genetic changes to eliminate diabetes or Alzheimer's disease or the risk of cancer?
+Wouldn't you want to make it change in your genes?
+If we look forward, these kinds of changes will be possible.
+The Human Genome Project began in 1990, and it took 13 years.
+It cost 2.7 billion dollars.
+By the following year, in 2004, they were able to do the same for 20 million dollars in the same year in three months.
+Today, you can sequence the three billion base pairs in the human genome, at about 20,000 dollars, and completely in the space of about a week.
+There will be no more time, until the reality is that there will be 1,000 human genomes, and it will be increasingly available for everyone.
+A week ago, the National Academy of Fight-fifer and Willapermper and Willemper, two scientists who developed independently of technology's independent processes that encourage the natural processes of evolution to work faster and wish to lead proteins in a more efficient way -- what Frances called "The Arnold evolution."
+A few years ago, ShinePrelerians were able to train Shinya Yaman academic academics for his research at the research, took a adult cell, and through the manipulation of just four genes that cell to induced pluripotent stem cell -- a cell that's able to become any potential cell in your body.
+Those changes are on the ground.
+The same technology that human insulin can make viruses not only protect themselves from other viruses, but also serve to other viruses.
+Whether you think it's not, it's an experimental study in gang that has been built to the vaccine against cell cancer in a taboooo.
+Can you imagine anything good that comes from tobacco?
+This is all possible today, and much more possible in the future.
+So think about two different things only.
+You can change the cells in your body, but what if you could change your cells?
+What if you could change sperm and eggs and eggs or fresh eggs to give your children a better chance of getting the health care chances to live a healthier life -- allowing the ophilia, reduce the risk of cancer?
+Who don't want healthier kids?
+And then in the analytical technology, the same engine of science could allow for a change to prevent disease, let's say, super-astition, hyper-partisan capacity -- that's better.
+Why didn't the bats have made a de Jenning, particularly if you can extend it to the next generation of Watson?
+Why not have the quick muscles that allow you to be able to run faster and faster?
+Why no longer live?
+These will be compelling.
+And if we are at a point where we can pass it forward to the next generation, and we can adopt the attributes that we want to be transformed by the old-E-E-E-Evolution to the Neo-Evolution.
+We will have a process that will potentially take 10,000 years to compress it, and we can compress it down to a thousand years -- and maybe even 100 years.
+These are decisions that your grandchildren need to deal with, or their grandchildren.
+Do we turn to these decisions into a society that is better, that is more successful, that is more friendly?
+Or will we selectively choose different attributes that we want for some of us and not for others?
+Are we going to shape a society that's more sophisticated and uniform, or more robust and more more more disruptive?
+These are the kinds of questions we need to face.
+And the deepest of all, will we ever be able to develop wisdom and wisdom that we need to make those decisions?
+Well, in the good of evil, and as you might expect, these decisions will lie to us.
+Thank you.
+I want you to imagine, now, a tragic robot that can give you guys a lot of skill, or a different wheelchair that's going to help and go back.
+We're at Berkeley Bionics, these robots call exoskeletons.
+You're nothing but you're slightly different than when you're putting that in the morning and comparing that to you, and that will increase your speed, for example, your balance.
+It's actually a human ancestry of machine.
+But not only that -- that's what happens to you and connect to the universe, and other devices out there.
+It's not just a crazy idea.
+So to show you where we are working on this, we're going to start talking about the American soldiers, on average, wearing about 100 pounds on his back, and it's the requests that they should carry more equipment.
+Of course, this leads to some major complications -- back injury, 30 percent of them -- chronic spinal cord injury.
+So we thought we'd take this challenge and build an exoskeleton that would help deal with this problem.
+So let me introduce you to HULC, or, for instance, the Human universal Carad.
+Soldier: With theHULC, I can carry 200 pounds of different Terrain terrain for many, many hours.
+And his flexible design allows for deepening and able to crawl into a deep, highly soft movement.
+It feels what I want to do, where I want to go, and then I increase my strength and regret.
+We're ready to go with our industry to introduce this device to this new exoskeleton this year.
+So it's true.
+Let's now take a look at our wheelchair drivers, something I'm particularly passionate about.
+There are 68 million people who are over the world who are in a wheelchair.
+That's about one percent of the population.
+And that's actually a conservative estimate.
+We often talk about very young people with spinal cord injury who have been hit by the flower season -- 20s, 40 40 -- of the destiny, and the wheelchair is the only option.
+But it's also about the aging population, a vast number of times.
+And pretty much the only option -- when it comes to a brain tumor or other complications -- is the wheelchair.
+And so, by the way, it's been 500 years since his, I have to say, very successful introduction.
+So we thought that we could start writing an entirely new chapter in mobility.
+Now, let me introduce you to you, named AmandaGSl, who was introducing you to a spinal cord injury 19 years ago that he had suffered, that he never could walk on, and now.
+Thank you.
+As I said, Amanda is wearing our LEGS.
+It's got sensors.
+His complete non-invasive sensors in the boxes that are behind the signals on our onboard computers, that are attached to this on their back.
+And here are batteries, of course, standing on their hips, and just like they move forward in this fairly smooth and very natural gait.
+I was 24 years old and I was solitary confinement when a monk of a ski pole, paralyzed me.
+And then, on a fraction of a second, I lost each sensation and every movement I halved.
+Not long after that, a doctor gets to my hospital, and he said, "You know, you'll never be able to go again."
+And this was 19 years ago.
+He ruled every fox of my consciousness.
+Adaptability technologies have taught me since then to ski again, to climb their hands and even go back with their hands.
+But nothing was invented until it was invented and let me go.
+Thank you.
+As you can see, we have the technology, we have the platforms to meet with you and discuss the technology.
+It's in our hands, and we have the potential here to change the lives of future generations -- not just for the soldiers here or for Amanda here, but for all the wheelchairs.
+Thank you.
+At home in New York, I'm a boss of development department of a nonprofit organization called Robin Hood.
+If I do not fight poverty, I fight as a fireman lutman at a volunteer lion.
+Well, in our city, in the volunteers' volunteers, a highly trained career fire, you have to be pretty early on fire to deal with the fire.
+I remember my first fire.
+I was the second volunteer instead of being able to have a pretty good chance of being able to put in there.
+But it was still a race against the other volunteers to reach the major manned man and find out what our tasks would be.
+When I found the main man, he had just been in a very serious conversation with the home owners who certainly had one of the worst days of life.
+It was in the middle of the night, and she stood in the pajamas and under a screen out in the shack, while her house was in flames.
+The other volunteer who came close to me -- call him lexicographer -- got to the first person to go to the house and save the dog's house.
+The dog. I was in front of Nebuch.
+There was anyone who was a lawyer or a assets, who could now tell the rest of his life, he could go to a burning house, just because he was five seconds faster than me.
+Well, I was the next one.
+The main savage sucks me up.
+He said, "Bezos, you've got to go into the house.
+You've got to go up, get over to the fire, and this woman has to get a pair of shoes."
+I swear it.
+Now not exactly what I was hoping for, but I went out and I went up the stairs, the floods would go along with the real firemen, which at that point was pretty much finished making a pair of shoes.
+Now I know what you're thinking, but I'm not a hero.
+I carried my prey back to the front, where I met the door of my house, and met the dog.
+We put a riot outside, as well as the owner of the house, where, not surprising, to his basic attention, to me.
+A few weeks later, the firemen received a letter from the house that they sat in for the bravery use for saving their home.
+One of the key issues is that somebody actually brought their shoes and they had brought a pair of shoes.
+Both my job at Robin Hood and my profession as a volunteer fireman, I'm a huge passion of generosity and kindness but I also see the least favorite and the courage of individuals.
+And you know what I learned?
+They're all important.
+So when I look around this room and I see people who haven't reached a success, or are there on their way, I want to offer that memory to you.
+Don't wait to make a difference in your life until you hit the first million.
+If you have something, give it now.
+So, put yourself in a soup, dreaming a park in the neighborhood.
+You're an mentor.
+Not every day, we will offer a chance to save lives, but every day, every day, a day will make a difference.
+So go ahead and save the shoes.
+Thank you.
+Bruno Giussani: Mark, Mark, come back.
+Thank you.
+I'm now coming back from a community that knows the secret to mankind's mystery.
+A place where the women lead the tent, with sex, say, 'Hello, and the game determines the day -- where fun is a serious business.
+And no, it's not Burning Man or San Francisco.
+Ladies and gentlemen, your relatives.
+This is the world of the wild Bonobo in the Uran forest of Congo.
+Bonobos are along with our closest living relatives.
+That means that we have a shared ancestors, an evolutionary grandmother, about six million years ago.
+Well, chimps are known for their chimps.
+But unfortunately, we have this aspect of assuming the human evolution.
+But Bonobos tell us the other side of the medal.
+In the chimps, chimps, fear-based guy, a scary guy, the Bonobo society, is led by a lot of the powerful females.
+They really evoked what was being done because this leads to a tolerant society where lethal force was not seen.
+But unfortunately, Bonobos are the least known among primates.
+They live in the deep waters of the ego, and they're hard to see the observations.
+Congo is an paradox -- a country that is extraordinary in many ways, but also the heart of darkness itself -- of a massive argument that's been as close to each other and as near as the First World War.
+It's not surprising that these destruction also retain the survival of the bonobos.
+Meat, the decline of the tree were about to lead the fact that you couldn't even fill a stadium with the remaining bonobos -- and even there, we are not sure we're going to be honest.
+And yet, in this country of violence and chaos, you can hear a hidden laugh, that the trees are swarming.
+Who are these relatives?
+We know them as "lovely-a-Apeers" because they often have sex, and sex with changing partners, and so on, and social issues.
+Now I'm not saying that's the answer to all humanitarian problems -- because life's made of more than the camel Sutrajecto.
+Bonobos -- like humans, love to play their lives.
+Play is not just children's play.
+And to us, it's fundamental to the connection between relations and care and tolerance.
+And we learn trust, and the rules of the game.
+Play increases creativity and resilience, and it's all about diversity of diversity -- diversity in terms of behavioral challenges, variety of compounds.
+And when you look at Bonobos, you see the evolutionary origins of human laughter, dance and rituals.
+Play is the Kitte that holds us together.
+Now, I don't know how you play, but I want to show you some unique footage right now from the wild.
+First of all, a ball game on Bonobo, and I don't think of your foot.
+So here's a young female, and males are playing a game.
+Look at what she's doing.
+This could be the evolutionary origin of, "She's pack him with the eggs."
+Just I think it's more likely to enjoy it.
+Yeah.
+So sex games are both common in both Bonobos and in humans.
+And this video is really interesting, because it shows -- this video is really interesting, because it shows the ideas that you bring to new elements that you bring to play -- like the testes -- and also how the game needs both trust and also -- while at the same time, it's a huge fun thing.
+But the game is a form of a formcrow.
+Play is a form of a faceteedol, and it can take many shapes that some are quiet, fantastic, curious, perhaps to discover the amazing thing again.
+And I want to show you, this is Fuku, a young female, and she's playing peacefully with water.
+I think just like they play alone, and sometimes we just hook boundaries of our inner worlds and totally out of the external world.
+And it's this playful curiosity that lets us explore, and the unexpected pleasures that we form are the real kidney soils of creativity.
+This is just a small taste of the insights that bonobos us into our past and present.
+But they also maintain a secret for our future, a future where we have to adapt more and more of a challenge, a wider creativity and broader cooperation.
+The secret is that the game of play is the key to these skills.
+In other words, play is our ego teddy bear.
+To change our succeed in a more uncomfortable world, we have to play.
+But are we going to make the best out of our game?
+Play is not silly.
+It's essential.
+For Bonobos and humans, life is not made up of teeth and claws by themselves.
+And it's almost impossible to do that, perhaps, to play.
+And so, my primates, let's hug that gift of evolution by reducing and playing together, while we rediscovering the camera and wonder.
+Thank you.
+I want you to imagine two couples, in the middle of 1979, on the exact same moment, every baby, all right.
+So two couples, each one is putting a baby.
+Now I don't want you to spend too much time imagining the stuff, because, if you imagine all the stuff, you're not going to listen to me.
+Just imagine that for a second.
+And in this scenario, imagine that if you put a sperm in a case the spermom is wearing the chromosome that hits the chromosome.
+And in the other case, sperm is wearing the chromosome that hits the chromosome.
+Both are capable of living, both.
+We'll come back to these people later.
+Most of my work I have in my two hats.
+Among the hat, I'm involved in the anatomy of the anatomy.
+I'm a historian, and in this case I've been studying how humans elicited anatomy -- human bodies, animal bodies, how they've walked with body, how they've thought about body concepts.
+The other Hutle I've contributed to working with my work is the activist, as a patient, an inner lawyer -- or, as I say, as an impatient lawyer -- of people who are patients of doctors.
+In this case, I've been working with people who have bodies to question social norms.
+So for example, I've been working with people who are simulating twins, two people in a body.
+I've worked with people with Zlogging, so people who were smaller than people.
+And very often, I've been working with sex people who are similar to the sex of gender-like people -- so people who don't have the average male or female types.
+And for general terms, we can use that word inter-community.
+Interaction comes in many different forms.
+I'm just going to give you a few examples of the sex-caught males, the male and female standard.
+In a case, perhaps someone has a X-Fixosome chromosome, and the YRY gene from the Y Y Y Yarrative does squatter, that we may have a stal state to grow.
+And that's why the testicles are crashing testosterone.
+But because this individual is missing the receptors to detect testosterone, the body doesn't respond to testosterone.
+And this is called And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And And it's called the Andchecherortrezent infections.
+So testosterone, but not a response.
+As a consequence, the body develops more of the typical female course of the thriphery.
+When the child is born, she looks like a girl.
+She's a girl. She's being a girl.
+But it takes most of its time to reach out and grow and develops, but not their period, until someone gets there something different.
+And they do some tests and they find out that instead of putting ovaries and uterus, what's really in their test for them, and that they've got a Y chromosome.
+And the important thing to realize is that you could actually think of this person for a male, but they're not actually here.
+Women, like men, have something in our bodies that call a nalinda.
+You're in the back part of your body.
+And the side effects make And-rogators, which are virtuous hormones.
+Most women, like me, think of being a typical woman -- I don't actually know my chromosomes, but I think I probably have the typical -- most women, I'm actually talking on Andes.
+We produce And we talk to And we talk to Androgs.
+And the consequence is that somebody like me actually has a brain that has more And than a woman born with testicles, and a Andeloctor-type infections.
+So gender is really complicated; it's not just in the middle of the spectrum of gender -- in a way, they can be spread across the entire range.
+Here's another example: I got a call from a 19-year-old man who was born as a boy, had a boyfriend, had sex with his girlfriend, and he just found out that he had ovaries and a hunch and a hunch.
+He had an extreme form of a innate entanglement bubble.
+It has X-rays, and in the mother's chromosome, his side effects were so strong that they have a lot of hormones in the male environment.
+And as a consequence, his genital genital worms were wiped out, his brain was exposed to the typical part of the hormone spectrum.
+And when he was born, he looked like a boy -- no one looked like anything.
+And only when he was 19, in 19 years old, he got enough medical problems, actually, because he designed doctors to figure out that he was inside.
+Okay, just a quick example of a kind of interspeciesity.
+Some people have X-rays of chromosomes, and they're developing what's called the obliterate tissue, which is a little narcise tissue-engineering tissue.
+We don't really know why that happens.
+So gender can be based on many different varieties.
+The reason children with this kind of body -- it's a saverent twinkly transmitted twinkling twins, whether it's sexually transmitted -- of surgeons that we often get adapted from the norm, isn't because that's for their physical health.
+In many cases, these people are completely healthy.
+The reason why many different kinds of surgery get done is because it threatens our social category.
+Typically, our system is based on the idea that a particular anatomical expression is a very similar identity.
+So we have the concept of being a woman means having a female identity; a black person means being supposedly, having an African anatomy look to your own history.
+So we have this terribly simplistic idea.
+And when we're faced with a body that's actually a very different thing for us, that's confused at these Kates.
+So we have a lot of romantic ideas about individualism.
+And our nation's really based on a very romantic concept of individualism.
+Now, you can imagine how amazing it is if children are born, two people in one body.
+Where I'd been living through most of the time, the South African pneumonia activist, Seyma last year, who was asked by the gender ethics of the Leatlett in Berlin.
+Many journalists called me with this question, "What are they going to do, whether Caster Seyai are a female or a male?"
+And I had to tell the journalist that there isn't this test.
+Now we know that gender is complicated enough that we have to admit that the nature of men between us is not a male and female, or between male and intersex and female, and interacting with women, and interacting with the interconnections, we are actually natural about this line.
+So we have a situation where, as we churn our science farther away, we have to stand around so much more that we thought we were going to have these categories that were responsible for stable anatomic categories that made very simple identity, to create lots of denial, much intractable places than we've taken.
+And it's not just gender.
+It's also true of race, which turned out to be a lot more complicated than our appointment.
+In our viewers, we in all sorts of unintended areas.
+We're going to, for example, the fact that we have at least 95 percent of our DNA with chimpanzees.
+What should we do with the fact that we're different than just a few nuggets?
+As we move forward, we're moving into a zone of rioting where we have to recognize that the simpliian categories that we probably had to go...
+We see it in all sorts of human life.
+One of the areas where we see that foreman, in our culture today, in the United States, is the fight over the beginning of life and the end of life.
+We have difficult conversations about what body will become to humans, so that he has a right to live life.
+We have very tough conversations today -- maybe not as public as in medicine -- about the question of when people are dead.
+Our ancestors never had the case to fight back when someone was dead.
+They have one spring of the highest nose, and when they moved, they don't bury them.
+If it hasn't moved, you've buried it.
+But today we find ourselves in a situation where we're in a context of people who want to live, and we want to take other people away from it.
+And as a result, we're going to start that struggle with the real difficult question of when someone gets us there, and that doesn't get us any really hard times as easy as we did before.
+Now, you might think that all of this together would really break up categories of someone like me.
+I'm political, I defend people who have unusual bodies, but I have to admit to myself, it makes me nervous.
+Being aware that those categories are actually much more insecure than we thought, tense me.
+And it's what makes me tense, in terms of rethinking democracy.
+So to tell you about that tension, I need to first acknowledge that I'm a big fan of the founding.
+I know they were ems, I know they were Sexist, but they were great.
+I find them so brave and strong, and so radical that they all did this in what I found, I would put a couple of years to watch the scream 1776, and it's not because of the music that's absolutely forgotten.
+It's because of what happened in 1776, when it was 1776, it was a founding party.
+And the fathers I got were in the field of anatomically engineered by my side, which is why it's why.
+What they showed back was anatomical concept, and they replaced it through another one that was radically different and beautiful, and 200 years of ours was huge.
+As you all remember, our fourth-graders based the concept of monarchy, and the monarchy was essentially a very simplified concept of anatomy.
+The gentleman of the old world had no concept based on DNA, but they had a concept of birth right.
+They had an idea of blue blood.
+They were the notion that people had the political power to have those political power, because of the bloodline based on the grandfather's bloodline to the father and so forth.
+The founding fathers proved this idea back, and replaced them with a new concept of anatomical concept, and this idea was that all people were created equal.
+They decided the game-changing field and decided that in anatomically important way, the differences, were not the differences. And that was very radical.
+Now they did this in part because they were part of a system of a more useful system in which two things grew together.
+Democracy grew, but at the same time, science grew.
+If you look at the history of founding fathers, it's clear that a lot of them were very interested in science, and they were interested in a concept of a natural world.
+They went away from explanation-like ways of determining things, like a wiggle-like concept of power, back from where the transmission is based on a very vat-based concept of birth.
+They moved towards a natural concept.
+And if you look at independence, for example, they talk about nature and God's nature.
+They are not talking about God and the nature of God.
+They talk about the power of nature to tell us who we are.
+And as part of it, they managed to create us a concept about anatomical commonality.
+And this is what they've been preparing for, in a really wonderful way, the future Civil Rights Movement.
+They didn't think that way, but what they did for us was great.
+So what happened next years?
+For instance, women who used the idea of rights, the concept of founding fathers, which says that anatomical difference is more important than anatomical difference, and we said, "Well, this is a trespasser than a woman, that we shouldn't have the right to own citizens, etc., etc."
+And women argued that.
+Next thing happened was the successful citizen rights movement, where we saw people likejourn Truth, who go for it, "Am I not a woman?"
+We're finding men in the march of a citizen-centric movement saying, "I'm a man."
+Again, people of different skin color who are calling themselves anatomical variation, re-grow the difference.
+We see the same thing with the disability movement.
+And the problem, of course, is that as we begin to look at all the similarities, we have to start to ask questions about why we have certain staircases.
+Well, I'd like to say I'm referring to certain trespassers, atomized in our culture.
+I don't want to give you a fish, for example, to give the same rights as a human being.
+I don't want to say we should take off the anatomy.
+I don't want to say five-year-olds have the right to give her a understanding or being a sex.
+So there are a few anatomic chemists making sense for me, and I think we should stay.
+But the challenge is to try and figure out what it is and why we keep it, and whether they're meaningful.
+So, let's go back to those two creatures that had been placed at the beginning of the lecture.
+We have two creatures, both in the middle of 1979, on exactly the same day.
+Imagine one of them born Maria, three months later, so she's born on June 1 in 1980.
+Heinrich, on the other hand, is born for the birth of the March, so he's born on March one 1980.
+Just because of the fact that Maria was born three months in a row, she shook all kinds of rights to Heinrich three months -- the right to choose which was right to drink.
+Heinrich does not have to wait for all this at all because he really has a different biological age, just because of its birth.
+We can find other strangeness of what their rights are.
+Heinrich, you start with -- although I didn't tell you that he's the x-ray -- you know, he's going to take a male, he can now be a little bit drawn to the Maria.
+Maria, rightly, cannot perceive the same right as the Heinrich, which is in all states, and that's right to marry.
+Heinrich can marry a woman in every state, but Maria can now marry in a few states.
+So we have these permanent atomic categories that are problematic in many ways and questionable.
+And to me the question: What will we do about this issue of science in the field of anatomy that makes us a point where we have to admit that a democracy can be based on anatomy?
+I don't want to give up the science at the same time, but at the same time it feels like science makes itself so exciting.
+So where do we go from here?
+It feels like our culture is kind of pragmatically: "Well, we've got to pull a line somewhere, so we're going to move somewhere."
+But a lot of people are catching up in a very strange position.
+So, for example, Texas decided that you had a man to marry a man, you don't have a Y chromosome, and a woman meant you had a chromosome.
+Now in practice, people are not tested in their chromosomes.
+But it's also very bizarre, because of the story I told you about the Androgant infection.
+If we look at one of the founding fathers of modern democracy, Dr. Martin Luther King, he offers us in his "I have a dream" kind of solution.
+He says, "We should not judge people by skin color but by incorporating their character," and goes out like this about anatomy.
+And I want to say, "Well, that sounds like a really good idea."
+But how do you do it in practice?
+How do you judge people by their kinds of characters?
+I also want to point out that I'm not sure that we should be able to share rights in terms of people's rights, because I have to say that I know a number of Retrievers who are probably more likely to deserve to be social services than some of the people I know.
+I want to make the case that I'm probably also familiar with some bright Labrador who are more capable, more able to make more intelligent and more specialized decisions about their sexual relationships as some 40-year-olds that I know.
+So how do we tackle the question of the character?
+It turns out to be really hard.
+And part of me wondered, what if the contents of a personality were something that could be read in the future -- would be visible as fMRI?
+Do we really want to go this way?
+I'm not sure where we're going.
+What I know is that it really seems important to think about the idea that the United States is figuring out by questions about democracy.
+In our effort, we have done our right thing right, and I think we'd do a good job of it.
+We have no situation for instance how Iran is in Iran who is a man who feels sexually sexually populated with other men, who is determined to be the best person, because he is willing to raise a sexual impact in which case he can stay alive.
+These kinds of circumstances don't exist in us.
+I'm glad to say that we have not had these states -- a surgeon who spoke to me a couple of years ago who brought some silver twins to separate them, partly to make their name.
+But when I was on the phone, I asked him why he made this unreachable surgery -- it was high-resolution surgery -- that in his country, these kids would get treated very bad, and therefore he had to do it.
+I told him, "Well, did you put a political asylum in a nutshell, rather than running the operation?"
+The United States provide an incredible opportunity to allow people to be who they are without the will to change for the United States.
+So I think we need to be leading.
+Well, just to conclude, I want to say that I've talked a lot about fathers.
+And I want to think about what a democracy might look like, or what if we looked at the mothers more.
+And I want to say one thing that's a feminist, a bit radical, and that is that there may be different kinds of insights coming from different kinds of anatomy, if people think about groups.
+I've been interested in a lot of work since I've been interested in science, actually, in the study of gender terms.
+And one of the things that I thought was really interesting is the difference between men and women in ways and women think and how they are thinking about the world.
+What we've learned from culture studies is that women, average, not every single one -- but more complex social relationships, and care for people who are vulnerable to this group, are much more likely to be giving attention.
+And so, as we think about this, we have an interesting situation to think about this.
+A few years ago, when I was studying a co-opt and asked one of my studies that my interest in feminism was in my interest -- I looked at myself as a feminist, so emist -- it was a really strange question.
+He said, "Tell me what is feminism."
+And I thought, "Well, that's the most mad question I've ever heard.
+Feminism is all about sex, and therefore it's nothing about femaleism.
+But the more I thought about his question, the more I thought there was to be some female in feminism.
+This is to say, there could be something about, on average, where female brains distinguishe females of what makes us paying attention to high-level social relationships, and let's see what makes them safer for their protection.
+So where the founding fathers were extremely confident, how individuals could be protected from the state, it's possible that if we needed more mothers to come in this concept, not just how to protect each other, but how to worry about each other.
+And perhaps that's where we're going to go out in the future, when we think about democracy -- less about the individual bodies we think about and think about our relationships.
+So that, if we're trying to make as a people more perfect compound, we're thinking about what can we do for each other.
+Thank you.
+I'm Yemeni, and this is my suitcase.
+But before I show you what I've got in it, I'm going to do a very publicly publicly publicly publicly publicly publicly publicly publicly, and that's: I'm obsessed with outfits.
+I love finding each other opportunities to wear mad outfits and to photograph and blog recently.
+But I'm not buying anything new.
+I get all my clothes from second hand on fin fins and in Second LifeShops.
+ooh, thank you.
+Second, the impact that I've had is allowing me to reduce the impact of my Garbage and reduce the environment to my money.
+I meet all kinds of great people; my dollars for usual is usually a good purpose; I see it from my personal shame, making it a very personal dish.
+I mean, what am I going to find today?
+Is it my size?
+Will I like the color?
+Is it cost less than 20 dollars?
+If all the answers are loud, I feel like I won.
+I'll come back to my suitcase, and tell you what I've packed for this exciting week here at TED.
+I mean, what does anyone do with all this kind of outfit?
+So I'm going to show you just what I brought with me.
+I brought seven couples with me, and that's all.
+All we know is underwear for just a week, all I've done in my suitcase.
+I bet I would bet I would be willing to wear whatever I wanted to wear if I came to Palm Springs.
+And since you haven't heard me here as the woman who's running around at TED in her underwear -- that's what I found a few things.
+And I just wanted to show you my outfits for this week.
+Sounds good, right?
+While I'm doing that, I'm going to spend some of the lessons that I believe or not, from these adventures, they've learned nothing new.
+Let's start with Sundays.
+I call this the beam of tiger tigers.
+You don't have to spend a lot of money looking good.
+You can look a little bit larger than 50 dollars.
+This whole outfit, including the Jack I received, and it was the most expensive piece that I carried in this week.
+Monday: Color is something powerful.
+It's almost impossible to be miserable if you're wearing bright red pants.
+When you're happy, you pull other people together.
+Tuesday: Adapt all the time on the line.
+I've spent a lot of my life trying to be myself, and at the same time, all right?
+Be a, you just, who you are.
+If you surrounding the right people, they won't just understand them, they will estimate that.
+Wednesday: Hold your inner child.
+Sometimes people tell me, "I'm watching if I dress or I can remember them seven-year-olds."
+I like to smile and say, "Thank you."
+Thursday: Self-esteem is the key.
+If you think you're looking good, it's almost certainly true.
+And if you think you're not looking good, you're probably right.
+I grew up with a mother who taught me that day.
+But it wasn't until I got 30, I really understood what that meant.
+And I'll summarize that for you very quickly.
+If you believe you're inside and you're a wonderful person, there's nothing you can't wear.
+So there's no excuse for anyone in this audience.
+We should be able to rock everything that we want.
+Thank you.
+Friday: A universal truth -- five words: Golden Rule fit everything.
+And finally, Saturday: to develop unique, personal style, is a great way to tell the world without having to say a word.
+It was always proven to be understood whenever people came up to me this week, just because of what I carried, and I had great conversations.
+Obviously, that's not all going to fit in my tiny suitcase.
+So before I go home into Brooklyn, I'm going to give it all back.
+Because the lesson that I myself try to learn this week is okay to let it go.
+I don't have to get emotional from those things, because the very same thing will always be a different kind of crazy, colorful outfit that just waited for me if I have some love in my heart and I'm looking for it.
+Thank you very much.
+Thank you.
+Good afternoon, everybody.
+I have a piece of this that I'd like to show you.
+Think of that as a picture of a flying picture.
+This is what we call in our lab, true design.
+Let me tell you a little bit about it.
+Now, if you take this picture -- I'm originally in Italy, and every boy grows in Italy with this picture in his bedroom, but the reason I show this is because this is something that happened in the formula for the past 10,000 years.
+And some time ago, if you wanted to win a formula, you took your budget and put money on a good driver, and a good car.
+And if the car and the driver were good enough, you won the race.
+Now, these days, if you want a race, in fact, if you want to win something like this -- something like this one -- something like this car has a thousand sensors in real time, some sensors that are going to pass through the car, this information and then process it and then use it to send that back to that car, and then use that information in real time as you're going to make some of this information.
+This would be what you call in engineering teams, in real time control systems.
+And basically, it's a system that's made up of two parts -- a feeling and a react.
+What's interesting today is the real-time control system in our lives.
+Our cities have been here, in recent years, just now, with networks and electronics.
+They become computer in the open.
+And as computers in the open, they begin to react in different ways, and they are driven and driven.
+When we make cities, that's actually a big deal.
+Just by the way, I just want to mention that cities are only two percent of the world's land, but 50 percent of the world's population are there.
+They're 75 percent of the energy consumption -- up to 80 percent of the carbon emissions.
+So if we do something about the cities, that's a big deal.
+More than that, cities are bringing us all this way of doing it, bringing in objects of everyday life.
+This is from an exhibition, the Paola Antonelli for MoMA later this year, organized by summer.
+It's called "Eat."
+Now all of our objects, our environment, are starting to speak back to us.
+In a sense, it's almost like every atom is out there, sort of, sensor and an exaggeration.
+And this is radically changing the interaction that we humans have with our environment.
+It's almost like the old dream of Michelangelo...
+You know, as Michelangelo put up, it says he got to the hammer, and he was hammer-like -- you can still see a little spot down there -- and said, "Perchéine? Why didn't you say?"
+Well, today, our environment starts to respond to us.
+I'm just going to show you a few examples -- again, putting the idea of putting the environment out and driving it.
+Let's start with the perception.
+So the first project I want to show you is actually one of the first of our labs.
+It did get four and a half years ago in Italy.
+And what we've done is actually used a new way of using networks all over the world -- that's a cell phone -- and anonymous and monetary information that's been gathered from this network to be collected from the information that doesn't work, to understand how the city works.
+The summer was a happy summer -- 2006.
+It was when Italy won the World Cup championship.
+Some of you will remember it when Italy was playing against France and then at the end of the goat, of course.
+And no matter in Italy, at the end, it won.
+Now look at what happened that day when we watch the activity that happens in the network.
+Here you see the city.
+You can see the escalator in the middle, the rivers of Tiber.
+On the morning, before the game.
+You see the time up there.
+Back in the afternoon, people here and there, who are doing calls and moving.
+The game starts -- silence.
+France makes a Torture. Italy does a Torah.
+half-time, people make a short call, go to the bathroom.
+Two half-time. The normal game's a normal game.
+First step, extension, two.
+Close, a moment of headphone.
+Italian wins. Yeah.
+Now, at that night, everybody was going to the center to celebrate.
+They saw the big impact.
+The next day, everybody was going to the center to meet you and meet the Prime Minister at the same time.
+And then everybody went down.
+You're looking at the picture of the Circo Massimo, where, since the Roman time, people going to the party -- to have a big party and you see the re-semblance at the end of the day.
+Well, this is just one example of how we feel today in a way that we couldn't do it a few years ago.
+Another quick example of the kind of thing that I'm going to talk about is not just people, but the things we're using and consume.
+Well, nowadays, we know all about where things come from.
+This is a map that shows you all the chips made up of a Mac computer, how they came together.
+But we know very little about where things are going.
+So in this project, we actually designed some small brand to follow the garbage while he's walking through the system.
+So we started with some volunteers who have helped us a little more than a year in Seattle to tag the things they did, you know, different types of things, as you can see -- things that you can see, things that you would throw away.
+Then we have the little chips that lives on the garbage, and we're now beginning to follow it.
+Here are the results we just got.
+From Seattle...
+One week after a week.
+And what we found from this information was that there are lots of efficiency in the system.
+We can actually do the same things with less energy.
+The data was not available before.
+But this is what happens a lot of unreliable transportation and complicated things.
+The other thing is, though, we believe that every day when we see the cup, the cup that we throw away is not just going to disappear forever on the planet.
+And the plastic bottle we throw away every day.
+And if we could demonstrate that to people, we can move a behavior change.
+So that's the reason for this project.
+My colleague at MIT, Assafman, could take a lot more about this, and the other wonderful things that you can take in Wahra, which you can take on, but I'd like to talk to the second part that we were discussing in the beginning and that's the plow of our environment.
+And the first project is something that we did a few years back in Zaragoza, Spain.
+And it started with a question of the mayor who came to us and said that Spain and South Europe had a beautiful tradition in use public water as part of the architecture.
+And the question was: How could you connect technology to new technologies?
+And one of the ideas that were found in a working circle was, imagine this bowl of tubes and Ventiles, magnets, opening and closing.
+They're creating a watershed picture of water.
+If you fall down these points, you can write down patterns, images, text.
+And you can get closer and it's going to open up to jump through it, as you can see in this picture.
+Well, we introduced the mayor to Bell.
+He loved it.
+And we got the assignment to design a building to the entryway.
+We called it the digital water  Pav Pav Pav Pavlov.
+The entire building was made out of water.
+There's no door or window, but if you approach it, it will open and leave you in.
+The roof was covered with water too.
+And if it's tiny, if you want to lower your syringe, you can actually cut off the roof.
+Or you could close the building and plug it into the whole architecture, as you know, these days, as you go down, these roofs get from people who were there and say, "You've destroyed the building."
+No, they didn't break the building, it's only that architecture almost vanished.
+So here you see the building working.
+You can see the person wondering what's going on inside that person?
+And here you see me when I was trying to do some tests of the sensors that open the water, not to be opened up.
+Now, I should tell you what happened one night when all the sensors stopped.
+But actually, it was a bigger one night.
+All the kids from Zaragozas came to the building, because the way they played the building was very different.
+Not a building that would open you to let you be a building, but a building that still had pause and holes in the water, and now you had to jump without getting wet.
+And that was, for us, very exciting because, as architects, engineers, we always think about how people use things, the things we're designing.
+But the reality is always unpredictable.
+And that's the beauty of creating things that are used and interacting with people.
+So here's an image of the building with the physical points of water, with the phototherapy and the projections on it.
+And this is what brought us thinking about the following project that I'm going to show you now.
+Imagine if these points could really start flying.
+Imagine you could have little helicopters flying through the air, and each one of you with a little image of light -- almost like a cloud moving through the room.
+So here's the video.
+Imagine a helicopter that you saw earlier that moves with people in synchrony.
+You can have that cloud.
+You can have a kind of a flexible screen or a display, like these -- a moderate formation in two dimensions.
+Or irregular, but in three dimensions, which changes, which is the light, not the position of the image.
+They can play with different ways.
+Imagine if you could just appear in different formats or scales, in different resolutions.
+But then, this whole cloud could be a three-dimensional image that you can go through and through which you can move through many, many directions.
+And here you can see a real fecal community running around it, and creating a smooth Vse.
+If you switch on the light, it looks like this. So we saw it before we did.
+Imagine that every single human being is controlled by the means.
+It could have every single sphere of a momentum that comes from the people who move from the movements of the people or the things.
+I'd like to show you something first.
+We worked with Roberto Bolle who was one of the best ballet dancers of our time -- the É theater at the Metropolitan in New York and the Scala in Milan -- we recorded his motion for her as a impulse on the Flying.
+This is Roberto dancing here.
+On the left-hand side, you see the points captured by different snippets.
+It's real time to have a real-time-3 scan and a movement.
+So you can get the whole movement full of them.
+You can do this all the time.
+But then, once we have all the points, you can play with it and play with paint gravity and shoot the movement.
+That's what we want to use as a possible impulse for the fly.
+So I want to show you the latest project that we're working on.
+It's something we're working on in London.
+It's called The cloud -- the cloud cloud.
+So again, the idea is to think about this, which we bring people back into something that people call the environment -- almost like us to call it a clouds-like movement, but with a cloud.
+Imagine that each of you can give a small donation to a picture.
+And I think that's been the most remarkable thing in the last few decades, that has been that we've been changing from a physical world to a digital world.
+This has digitized everything, knowledge, and it makes it available to the Internet.
+Now, for the first time -- and the campaign in Obama's campaign has shown this -- we can change from the digital world, from the digital, self-organizing forces of the physical world.
+This can be in our case that we use it to design and create a symbol.
+This is something called the city.
+But tomorrow, for us to put the challenges on the climate change -- think about climate change, or climate change -- how can we change from the digital world to the physical.
+So the idea is that we actually pull people together with what they do, collectively.
+The cloud is another cloud of points, in the same way, in a cloud, in a cloud of really cloud particles.
+And these particles are water, and our cloud is a cloud of points.
+It's a physical image of London, but covered with phototherapy.
+They can move inside, and they can make different kinds of experiences.
+You can actually look at it from the bottom, the most important moments for Olympics and then shared over it, and use it as a kind of connection to community.
+So both of these physical clouds in the sky and then you can go to the top of what the new top of London had in mind.
+You can go inside.
+And a kind of digital tense tower was growing up in the night -- but as all faiths, a new way of thinking about everyone who wants to go to the top.
+Thank you.
+As an artist, I'm really interested in context.
+I try to express my work by trying to say that people are not separate from nature, and that it's all connected to one another.
+The first time I was near Antarctica 10 years ago in Antarctica, where I saw my first iceberg.
+I am awe of awe.
+My heart was in line, and I was feeling out for what was going on.
+The iceberg dragged me up near the water, and I could only reconstructed a snowflake on another snowflake, year after year.
+Icebergs are born like a glacier or ice cream, or breaking out of ice.
+Every iceberg has its own individual personality.
+They're clearly interacting with their surroundings and their experiences.
+Some people refused to give up and clapping down to the bitter end, and while others don't hold it anymore, and as a consequence of a dramatic passion.
+If you look at an iceberg, you think they're easily isolated, apart and alone, as humans often see us.
+But the truth is far from it.
+While an iceberg, I'm breathing in time, in time, a atmosphere.
+As the iceberg releases releases mineral-sized drinking water, which feeds a lot of life forms.
+I walk into my footage of these icebergs as if I were to make portraits of my ancestors, that they were living in these individual moments of time, and they never will ever be able to reevaluate that way again.
+It's not a death when they melt; it's an end, it's a Forting of their path along life.
+Part of the iceberg, in the iceberg, is a very young one -- a few thousand years old.
+And part of the ice is more than 100,000 years old.
+The last pictures I'd like to show you is a iceberg that I took into Greenland.
+Very rare stuff, you're actually going to be rolling up a rolling iceberg.
+So here's the picture.
+On the left side you see a little boat.
+That's about five meters long.
+Please take a look at the shape of the iceberg and where it is in the water line.
+You can see here he's starting to roll, and the boat moved on to the other side, that man.
+This is the average size of a Greenland.
+It's about 120 feet out of the water, or 40 meters.
+And this video is real time.
+And just like that, you see the iceberg showing you another side of his personality.
+Thank you.
+My life is really extraordinary, amazingly blessed by some amazing projects.
+But the coolest thing I've ever worked on really is this guy's ever been.
+His name is TEMPTPTCHA.
+TEMPTs was one of the leading graffiti artist's '80s.
+And then, one day he came back from the run and he said, "Daddy, my legs riba."
+And that was the outbreak of ALS.
+TEMPT is completely paralyzed today.
+It can only use its eyes.
+I was facing him.
+I have a company that makes design and animations, so graffiti is inevitably a complex part of what we admire in the art world and also look at it.
+So we decided to support Tony -- TEMPT -- and support the cause.
+I met with his father, and his brother, and said, "We'll give you this money.
+What are you going to do with it?"
+And his brother said, "I want to talk to Tony.
+And I just wanted to talk to him again, and I said, "Wouldn't that be -- I saw Stephen Hawking -- can I not communicate all the paralyzed people through these devices?"
+And he said, "No, just if you belong to the higher-level society and hear a remarkable insurance, you can really do that.
+Ordinary people are not available to these devices."
+And I said, "Well how do you communicate?"
+Has anyone seen a film, or thousands of holes?
+That's how they communicate -- their fingers are running along.
+I was like, "Yeah, very archaic, how can that be?"
+So I came with the need to just put a check and instead, I took a check from which I had not the tiniest idea of how to make it.
+I committed to myself in a place where his brother and his father -- and his dad said, "Well, my proposal is this: Tony will come here today, we'll talk to him and we'll find a way to make his art."
+Because it's a farce that somebody who's carrying all that can't communicate it."
+So I spoke a few months later at a conference.
+I met these guys of GRLi Research, and they have a technology that allows them to project any surface and then draw a laser point on it, which only gives you negative space.
+So they move around making art installation like this.
+They say that all the things that are put on the top are going to be a life cycle.
+It starts with the gender, then the layer, then the Bush administration, and then finally, people do art.
+But there was always a life cycle in their presentation.
+So I went home and I was sitting with my wife and I told her, and we thought, "Well, if there's a technology that you can use this technology to control your eyes, let's find a way to control TEM, that he could make graffiti."
+That was the start of the journey.
+And about two years later, a year later, a lot of organization and a lot of things, we've come to a lot of things.
+First of all, we've gotten the insurance doors, and actually got a TEMPT machine that he can communicate -- Stephen Hawking machine.
+It was extraordinary.
+And he's really extremely funny -- I call him Yoda, because you talk to him, or you get an email, and you think, "I'm so unsolved, this guy is amazing."
+And we also have seven programmers from around the world -- literally all over the corner -- to us home.
+My wife, my kids, and I have moved to the garage, and these hackers and programmers and conspiracys and immigrantorists have taken our house.
+Many of our friends thought we were nice, and we came back and re-educated all the pictures on the walls, and all the pictures came back to graffiti.
+But for over two weeks, we've been programming, we went to the beach to Venice, and my kids have been involved in this, and we've created this.
+It's called Eye imaging, and you can see the description.
+This is a cheap sunfish that we bought at the beach of Venice, a bit of copper wires and some stuff from building and the electronics.
+We took a PS3 camera, we put it apart, put it on an LED light, and now we have a device that's free -- you can build it yourself, we're free to download the code for free, and you can download it for free.
+So we've created a device that's completely free of constraints.
+No insurance can be set up.
+We don't need a hospital either.
+Any paralyzed can now communicate with his eyes or draw.
+Thank you.
+Thank you so much, that was incredible.
+So at the end of the two weeks, we went back to TEMth room.
+I love this picture because it's the room of someone else's room and it's his room.
+So there's all this cloning in front of the great unveiling.
+And after a year of planning, two weeks of programming, Noodles and went through nights, and drew Tony for the first time after seven years.
+And this is an amazing picture, because this is his life support system, and he's looking beyond his life support system.
+We tended to be able to see him outside.
+We put a projector on the parking lot earlier.
+And he recurled for the first time in his family and friends -- and you can just imagine what a sense of being in the parking lot.
+So a little bit more fun, we also had to break into the parking lot, so we felt like we were part of the coil.
+And he ended up calling us an email, which was, "For the first time, I've drew something."
+I felt I was being sucked underwater and finally got someone dressed down and drawn up my head so I could breathe."
+Isn't that overwhelming?
+That's something we do about as a fight.
+That keeps us going and continuing and continuing to keep going.
+And we still need to make the device a lot better.
+It's an amazing device, but it's coming in a magic cube.
+And someone who has that kind of artistic potential deserves so much more.
+So we're trying to figure out how to do it better, faster and stronger.
+Since that time, we've gotten all sorts of recognition.
+We won a few prizes.
+Remember, it's free, nobody deserves that.
+It all comes from our own pockets.
+So the records were, "Oh, that's fantastic."
+Armstrong tweeted us and then, December, taught us the Time magazine, as one of the best inventions in 2010, was really great.
+The coolest thing is -- and the one that includes all these circles -- that April MOCA in downtown Los Angeles is going to give an exhibition called theArt of the Streets.
+And I think that these guys will be pretty hardest to have roads in these places -- banks, Shepardy Faire, CAW's -- all of these guys will be there.
+TEMPT is going to be part of the show, which is pretty depressed.
+So basically, what I'm saying is, if you see something that is impossible, you can do it.
+Everything in this room was impossible -- this stage, this computer, this microphone, the Eye micronines, everything -- was impossible at some point.
+Make it possible -- all of you here.
+I'm not a programmer, and I'd never had anything to do with eye technology, but I just figured out a little bit of amazing people so we could put something together on our feet.
+And that question should be a question to you every single day, every single day that you have something that will do, if not, when now?
+Thank you.
+So, I write for children, and I'm probably the American-age books of the book.
+And I always tell people that I don't want to get like a scientist.
+I can have chosen as a farmer, or in leather, but no one has ever elected a farm.
+Today I want to tell you about circles and openness.
+Well, one epiphany is common for something that you will find because you left it somewhere.
+You take the block and you take it for granted.
+This is a painting of a circle.
+One of my friends did it -- Richard Bolling.
+It's the kind of complicated circle I want to tell you about today.
+My circle then began in the '60s in St.A. in Stow, Ohio, where I was the classroom.
+I was the one who sat in the boy every week in the boy and blue, until a teacher saved my life.
+She saved my life by using the toilet in the teacher's room.
+And she did that, too.
+She did it for three years.
+And I had to get out of town.
+I had a thumb, I'd got 85 dollars, and I'd hit San Francisco in California -- and I found a lover -- back in the '80s, and at that time, I thought this was a job with AIDS organization.
+About three or four years ago, I got a call out at the middle of that night, woman post-doc who said, "I need to see you.
+I'm sad that we never met one another as adults.
+Can you come to Ohio, and please come together with the man I know you've found him in the process.
+And I should mention that I'm going to have pancreatic cancer, and I want you to be able to stand out for me."
+Well, the next day we were in Cleveland.
+We looked at them, we laughed, we we cried, we knew we needed to be in a hospice.
+We found one for her, we brought her in, and we took care of her, and we gave up her family, because it needed to be done.
+It was something we knew we knew.
+And just as the woman who wanted to know me as an adult, I was met, she turned herself into a box of A.D., and became my hands.
+What had happened was the circle closed, it had become a circle -- and the epiphany of which I spoke about earlier.
+The revelation is, death is a part of life.
+She saved my life, and my partner and I saved her.
+And you know, this part of life needs everything else to have.
+It needs truth and beauty, and I'm so glad that this is what I've been told so often.
+He needs -- well, dignity, love and pleasure. And there is to be these things to do.
+Thank you.
+Imagine a big explosion when you go up to 1,000 meters.
+Imagine a plane full of smoking.
+Imagine a power plant that clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap, clap.
+That sounds scary.
+Well, I had a unique place on that day; I was sitting on one.
+I was the only person to talk to the air conditioner.
+So I looked at them in a minute, and they said, "No problem, we've got some birds."
+The pilot had already turned the machine, and we weren't that far away.
+You could see Manhattan.
+Two minutes later, three things happen at the same time.
+The pilot stepped out of the Hudson River.
+That's not usually the route.
+He turns the engine down.
+Imagine a soundless airplane.
+And then he said three words -- the most spooky word I've ever heard.
+He says, "Because the performance."
+I didn't have to talk to the guys anymore.
+I could see it in their eyes, because I was a stick and life was over.
+So I want to share with you three things that I've learned to say about myself that day.
+And I learned that, in a moment, everything is different.
+We have this plan, we have these things that we want to do in life, and I thought about all the people that I wanted to do, and it wasn't, you know, all the fences that I wanted to do and I never wanted to do.
+And as I was thinking about it later, a little sadage came to think, "I'm going to be bad creatures."
+Because if the wine is there, and the person is there, I'll kill him.
+I don't ever want to go away a little bit more in life.
+And that urgency, that goal, really changed my life.
+The second thing I learned about this day -- and this was, as we missed George Washington bridge, pretty much broader -- I thought, human beings, there's a thing I'm really looking at.
+I had a good life.
+In my own humanity and with my error, I trembling myself to get better at everything I packed.
+But in my humanity, I have given up my ego, too.
+And I took time that I had wasted meaningful things for people who mean something.
+And I thought about my wife's relationship with my wife, friends.
+And after that, I thought about, I'd spend some negative energy from my life.
+It's not perfect, but it's much better.
+I stopped educating myself two years with my wife's thirds.
+It feels great.
+I'm not trying to be right; I'm not trying to be happy.
+The third thing that I learned -- and while the clock ends, "15, 13, 13,..."
+You can see the water coming out.
+I said, "Please fly into the air."
+I don't want this thing to break down in 20 parts, as you know, from documenting.
+As we walk out of the door, I felt this human, was not a terrible thing.
+Almost as we'd preparing our lives for almost no good reason.
+But it was very sad.
+I didn't want to go. I love my life.
+And that sadness really shaped into thinking that I would only want one thing to do.
+I just wish I could see my children grow up.
+A month after that, I visited my daughter -- first-graders, not much artistic talent.
+Not yet.
+And I celebrate, I cry like a little kid.
+And in the world, it all made sense to me.
+I realized at the time by putting the dots together, that it's about being a great father.
+More than anything, everything else, my only goal in life is to be a good father.
+I was never given the miracle that day.
+I received another gift, which was to see the future and come back and live differently.
+My call to everyone who's flying now is, imagine that this is happening on your flight -- not please -- but imagine what would you change?
+What would you do if you had to push that up because you're thinking, you're always there?
+How would you change your relationship, and your negative energy in that?
+And more than anything, are you the best parents you can only be?
+Thank you.
+The idea behind the Stuxnet is pretty simple.
+We don't want Iran to build the bomb.
+The most important mail there for the development of nuclear weapons is the uranium plantation in Napnium.
+The gray box that you see here are real-time control systems.
+Now, if we can get the systems that decide to turn on what kind of a turn and valves do, we can actually create a lot of problems with the centrifuge.
+These gray boxs don't run using Windows software; they're based on a completely different technology.
+But if we're going to create that an effective Windows virus on a laptop that's used by a warning engineer to map the gray box, we're in business.
+And that's the planning behind Stuxnet.
+So we start with a Windows History test.
+The data gets absorbed into the gray box, damage the centrifugal energy and the Iranian nuclear programmers are turned on.
+This is a kid, right?
+So I want to tell you a little bit about how we found that.
+When we started working on Stuxnet six months ago, it was completely unknown, which was the point and purpose of this construction.
+The only thing we knew is very, very complicated, what happens to Windows for the calving face, he made it tens of zero-g.
+And it seemed to be something that seemed a little bit skeptical of these gray box, this real-time control system.
+So this really captured our attention, and we started a lab project where we infected our surroundings, and we studied this construction.
+And then something weird happened.
+Then, atuxnet, it was very much like a lab who didn't like our cheese, but didn't want to eat it.
+It didn't make any sense in my eyes.
+And after experimenting with different types of cheese, I was looking at this, in fact, an attack.
+Opened up to a particular target.
+The Dropper activates the gray box when a special configuration began to discover, even if the special program tries to infect it.
+And if it doesn't, Stuxnet doesn't do anything.
+So, he cried, and we started working with it, almost around the clock, because I thought, well, we don't know what the goal is.
+It could be, for example, a U.S. economy, or a chemical plant in Germany.
+So we better soon be able to figure out what the target is.
+So we got off and de-siling the code, and what we found was that it was based on two digital warheads -- a smaller one and a bigger one.
+And we also noticed that they were very professionally constructed by people who obviously had all inside the open information.
+They knew all the bits and the bypass that they needed to attack.
+In fact, they probably knew the size of the machine of the shoe toll.
+So they knew everything.
+And if you've come to the local tyrant, the tuxnet complex is high and high-tech, let me tell you, the data is science for yourself.
+It's much more sophisticated than anything we've ever seen before.
+And you can see here a clip of this attack, which is an attack.
+We're talking about 15,000 lines of code here.
+Looks pretty much like old-fashioned Aspenics.
+And I want to tell you how we were able to get out of that code.
+So after what we were looking for first, systems of function, because we know what those things are going on.
+And then we went looking for Time and data structures and data structures, trying to connect that to the real world, with potential goals, that we have.
+So we needed theories about how to move these targets around, or involuntary a way.
+To put that theory down, we're putting ourselves into a memory that is definitely high sabbatical, it needs to be a high-resolution goal, and very likely there is in Iran because most of these infections are reported.
+Well, in this area there aren't multiple targets.
+It's basically going out to the bush at the crest of nuclear power plants and using the uranium plant in Naps.
+So I said to my assistant, "Please bring a list of all the experts in centrifuge and power plants from our clients."
+And I called her up, and I emailed her to know what we had in the code and figured out the data.
+And that worked very well.
+So, it was possible for us to connect the little digital explosive head with the rotor.
+The rotor is moving in this gimmick, which is black object you see.
+And if you rig your speed of this Rooke, you're actually able to crack that rotor and, at the end, you'll have the centrifuges come out.
+What we also found was that the goal was to actually let it go slowly and uncanny -- remarkably in the attempt to break the waiting room so that they wouldn't be able to get there fast.
+The big digital explosive -- we got a insight by looking at very closely data and structure structure.
+So for example, the number 164 squid out of this code; you can't see it.
+I started working on this scientific literature about how these centrifuges are built and found that they're structural in what's called Kazakhstan, and each cascade has 164ity.
+So that made sense, fine.
+And it got even better.
+These centrifuges are divided into Iran, and they're called the level of 15 levels.
+And guess what we found in the attack?
+It's almost identical to the same structure.
+So again, that fits really well together.
+And this gave us great confidence to what we're looking at here.
+Now, don't get me wrong, it didn't work out that way.
+And these results were achieved by several weeks of hard work.
+And we would often just run a dead end to the dead end of a dead end, and we would collect ourselves.
+But what we found was that both digital warheads were actually heading towards reality and controlling the same target, but out of various directions.
+The little explosive goes off and turned the rotor and slowed it down and the big explosive head starts in interaction with six boxers and manipulated bleak.
+So, by and large, we're very confident that we actually have what the goal is.
+It's a Na dancing and it's just Na dancing.
+So we don't have to worry that other goals could be hit by Stuxnet.
+Here's something really cool stuff we discovered -- that was real looking out of the Socko.
+There's the gray box up there, and you can see that centrifuge, which is the centrifuge.
+Well, what this thing does is it causes the emergence of sensors -- so for example, pressure sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensor sensors and vibrations -- and it provides legitimate code while the attack is running wrong.
+And in fact, that false data is already starting to be able to do a renaissance data set.
+So it's just like in Hollywood movies where, as the board is going, the camera is actually fed a video with previous video.
+That's cool, isn't it?
+The idea here is not just the machine guns in the control room.
+In fact, it's much more dangerous and more aggressive.
+The idea is to translate a digital security system into security.
+We need digital security systems where a human machine cannot react fast enough.
+So for example, in a power plant, when the Great steam turbine becomes too fast, you have to open up decomposeing decompositions within milliseconds.
+Of course, this cannot be done by a human machine leader.
+So, at this point we need digital security systems.
+And if the things are at risk, then really bad things happen.
+The power plant can explode.
+And neither the machines, nor the security systems, are going to notice it.
+That's scary.
+But it gets worse than that.
+And what I'm saying is very important.
+Think about it. That attack is generate.
+It has nothing to do with centrifuges, with uranium.
+So for example, he would work just as well -- in a power plant or in a car factory.
+It's generic.
+And you don't have to -- you don't have to, like the attacker, you don't have to teach the data about a USB key, as we saw with Stuxnet.
+You could also use common worm technologies.
+You just have to spread it as far as possible.
+And if you do that, eventually you get a cyberwar weapon.
+That's the consequence we have to face.
+So unfortunately, the biggest number of goals for these attacks is not in the Middle East.
+They are in the United States, in Europe and Japan.
+So all of these green areas, these are the richest areas.
+We have to ask ourselves the consequences and we're going to start better at ready.
+Thank you.
+I have a question.
+Ralph, it was reported that a lot of people were referring to the Muslims at the time.
+Is that your opinion too?
+Okay, you really want to know that?
+Yeah. Okay.
+I think it's the mosaic of Mossa, but the driving force is not Israel.
+So the driving force behind it is cyber-moment.
+There's only one, and that's the United States -- fortunately, fortunately.
+Because otherwise our problem would be even bigger.
+Thank you for letting us a freak out. Thank you Ralph.
+I've spent the last couple of years putting myself in situations that normally are very difficult and at the same time.
+I went to jail -- hard.
+I worked in a coal-fired coal.
+I filmed in war zones -- difficult and dangerous.
+And I spent 30 days eating nothing here -- walking in the middle, a little bit difficult in the middle, very dangerous.
+In fact, I've been following myself the most part of my career in an ever-increasing situation, where all of it is to go out and study social issues so that they're so compelling and interesting, and hopefully, in a way that makes them understandable and accessible to the audience.
+So when I knew that I would come here to look at a TED Talk and see the world of Branding, I knew I was going to do something a little bit different.
+Some of you may have heard I took an ad at Ebaya couple weeks ago.
+I sent a bunch of Facebook profiles, some Twitter users, and I gave people the opportunity to stand up on my TED Talk in 2011.
+And really, a few happy people and companies, the kind of a researcher and a forensics, the opportunities that I'm unique -- because I'm sure Chris Anderson is never going to leave the name on it -- who you just saw the name of the talk, who had just a lot of content and not had any clues about what the topic would be.
+So what you got was this: Your name was this: My name, the TED Talk you don't know anything that will be, and the theme that will ever be in the end after you fly over here, especially if I let your company go to participate in that.
+But besides that, it's a very good media opportunity.
+Do you know how many people look at this TEDTalk?
+It's a huge amount.
+This is just the work title, by the way.
+So even though I knew this warning, I would buy anybody's name.
+Now if you had asked me this a year ago, I wouldn't have been able to tell you this with certainty.
+But the new project that I'm working on, my new film, is to explore the world of marketing, advertising.
+As I said, I've been going through some pretty awful situations over the years, but nothing could prepare me for anything, like something so hard to walk around with these guys in a room.
+You know, I had the idea for a movie.
+What I want to do is make a film about Product Place, marketing and advertising, where the whole film is funded by Product Place, marketing and advertising.
+And the movie is called "The Great Wall. Everglade."
+So what's happening in "The Great Wall Street." This is that everything from above to bottom, up to the very beginning, has been thrown off the brand -- that's on the movie, that's what you'll see in the movie, that's the brand X.
+Now this brand, Qualcomm stadium, the Staple Center.
+These guys are being connected to the film in our movies forever.
+And so the movie becomes this whole idea -- is this what?
+I'm a redundant person.
+That was more to concrete.
+It was "Invity, for always."
+But we will not only have the brand of X as composers, but we will make sure we will sell any category at the film.
+So we may sell a shoe and it will be the greatest shoe you've ever wore...
+The greatest car that you ever went out of "The Great Everest Solz." Everest, the greatest grain you've ever had, which is a attention from "The Great Everest."
+So the idea is, apart from showing that brands are actually a part of life, getting them to finance?
+And we're actually showing the whole process of how it works.
+The goal of the whole film is transparency.
+You'll see the whole thing going on instead of the movies.
+So this is the whole concept, the whole movie, from beginning to end.
+And I'd be happy if CEG was helping to make this happen.
+You know, it's funny because when I heard it first, it's the ultimate respect for the audience.
+I don't know how scared people will be.
+Do you have a perspective -- I don't want to use the slick model, because that has a negative account -- but do you know how that will evolve?
+How much money is needed to do this?
+1.5 million.
+I think it'll be difficult to meet them, but I think it's certainly true to address some really familiar brands.
+And if the movie knows how it might come out, we might see a full-striatidio.
+What do you think the answer will be?
+The answer will probably be very, very unlikely.
+But is it a difficult thing to do about that movie, or a difficult thing for me?
+JK: Both.
+So, conditional.
+So, sir, can you help? I need help.
+I can help.
+Okay.
+Great.
+We need to think about what brands are.
+Yeah.
+When you look at the people who are dealing with you...
+There are a number of places we can go to.
+Make the camera out.
+I thought "Standing the camera" was going to mean we wanted a back-up conversation.
+It turns out that in reality, it really meant, "We don't want to have anything to do with your film."
+And just so all those companies disappeared after another.
+No one wanted to do something with the film.
+I was amazed.
+They were absolutely not going to want to have anything to do with this project.
+And I was confused because I thought the whole concept of presenting the product as many people as possible would make it possible to see as many people as possible.
+Especially more in today's world, in this interface, of new and old media landscape and the idea of destroying the idea, is that it's not the idea that new V-Day Vultuaiss can be the instrument for the masses to be the news.
+No, that's what I thought.
+But look, the problem was that my fatal mistakes had a fatal mistake, and that was the following.
+Actually no, that was not the mistake at all.
+That wouldn't have been a problem at all.
+That would have been okay.
+But the one thing that's in the picture is a problem.
+You see, when you type transparency at Google's a -- this is one of the first images that comes out.
+I really like your kind, Sergey Brin. Now.
+And that was the problem: transparency, free and deception, just looking at it and just looking through it and straight away, but characterized it from the point of view and access to information, especially business, which is the last line, surely the big problem.
+You know, we're hearing a lot about transparency.
+Our politicians say it our president, even our CEOs say it.
+But if it's to come along, it's supposed to be a change, something's going to change.
+Now why? Well, transparency is a scary one -- as this strange bear, still cheating.
+It's unpredictable -- like this strange land street.
+And she's very risky as well.
+What else is risky?
+A whole poop Cool whistle.
+This is very risky.
+So when I started talking to the companies and telling them that we wanted to tell the stories, they said, "No, we want one story to tell you.
+We want you to tell a story, but we just want you to tell our story."
+You see, when I was a kid and my father wished he would yell me at lies -- and he's sitting there with this view -- he would say, "My son, there's three versions of the story.
+There's your version, there's my version, and there's the real version."
+So you can see with this film, we wanted to tell the real version.
+But just because a company is willing to help us -- and also for the last several years, I realized that I needed to do it alone, I had to deal with the resources and the team.
+So what all of a sudden, you started to understand, or what I started to do -- was that, when you start talking to these companies, the idea of how your brand got, it's a broad problem.
+I have friends who make big, giant Hollywood movies, and I have friends making little Independentile movies like me.
+And my friends, the great, gigantic Hollywood movie, they say, why they're so successful is because they have brands.
+And then my friends, they say, "Well, how are we going to compete with these big, giant Hollywood movies?"
+And the movie is "The Great Wall. Everglade."
+So what are we going to see bananas in that movie?
+Every time I go out on my way, every time I open the medical studio, you'll see Banodorant.
+And every time I interview somebody, I can say, "Are you fresh enough for that interview?
+You know? You look a little nervous.
+I want to help you calm down.
+So maybe you're going to put some of this in front of the interview."
+And then we offer one of these great dunes.
+Either "Floral fusion," or a "Paradise wind," they will have a choice.
+We're going to be both for men and women -- role, roll, whatever.
+That's the short story.
+Now, I can answer all of their questions, and give you an idea of empathy.
+We are a smaller brand.
+As you've talked about the smaller films we've been Mark Zuckerel, as brand new.
+So we don't have the budget as well as other brands.
+So making things -- you know, people remind you of bananas -- this is sort of why we're interested.
+What words would you describe to the bang?
+Ban is blank.
+That's a great question.
+Woman: Consider technology.
+Technology is not the way to describe something that someone is doing under the eighths.
+We're talking about nice, fresh.
+I think "future" is a great word that this category really does something positive, unlike "beaf and moisture."
+It's stopping you fresh.
+How do you keep the longer term -- better fresh, more fresh, three times fresh.
+These kinds of things have a more positive effect.
+And this is a million-dollar company.
+What about myself? What about the dragon-king?
+I need to talk to the man on the street who are the way I use Otto-Nacity.
+I want them to tell me something about my brand.
+How would you describe your brand?
+Hmm, my brand?
+I don't know.
+I really like a great clothing.
+Woman: 80 Reverival, on skaters, besides the day.
+All right, what's the brand Gerry?
+It's a real one.
+I think that the gene, the style I have is probably "dark."
+I like lots of black colors, lots of scuba divers and stuff.
+But normally, I have an accessories, like sunglasses, or maybe a jewelry and stuff.
+Woman: If Dan was a brand new one, he'd probably be a classic Mercedes Cabrio.
+Man 2: The brand I'm, I would say, is nicer.
+Woman 2: Part of the hippie, part of Yogi, part of Brooklyn, I know.
+Man 3: I'm the escalope.
+I sell little tails all over the country, globally.
+So I think that's my brand.
+This is my brand in my little industry.
+Man 4: My brand is FedEx because I'm spending goods.
+Man 5: Markrs left altruism to log-off.
+Is that a good idea?
+An lawyer: I'm a lawyer.
+I'm Tom.
+Now, we can't all be the Tom-D market, but I often see myself on the interface from dark and neglected.
+And what I realized is that I needed an expert.
+I needed somebody who could go into my head that would really help me understand what's called the "sympers."
+And so I found a company called Olson Zalt in Pitt.
+They have companies like nests, Febus, Hallmark, reshapes, this brands.
+If they could do that for what they could to do, they could also help me.
+You brought your paintings, yeah?
+I have that. The first picture is a picture of my family.
+Tell me just a little bit about how to relate to your thoughts and feelings about yourself.
+These are the people that shape my world.
+Tell me about the world.
+MD: I think the world is yours, your world, your place where you live in -- how people around you, the family, the way you live your life, the work and whatever.
+All these things come from place to place, and from my family, and start to come in West Virginia.
+What's next is your brain talking to you.
+This was the next day of my life.
+What is the connection to the thought and feeling about yourself?
+It's as I would love to be.
+I like things that are different.
+I like things that are weird. I like weird things.
+Tell me about the "why" question -- what does it do for us?
+What's the machete? In what PIPAtadium are in right now?
+Why is it important to re-imagine the replication? What is the red?
+Tell me a little bit about this part.
+A little more about you, that's not you.
+What other metaphors have you run?
+This is not -- this doesn't have to be afraid. What kind of rollercoaster do you have?
+EEEEEE! No, thank you.
+Thank you very much for your patience.
+Yeah. All right. All right.
+Yeah, I don't know what that will come out of it.
+And there were a lot of crazy things going on.
+The first thing I saw was that this idea of your brand name was vetoey, but it filled two sides -- the Morganx mark is an eight-lean/veretx.
+They fill in very good ones.
+And I think there's almost a contradiction in it.
+And I think some companies will only focus on strength instead of both.
+Many companies tend to -- and this is the human nature -- is to avoid things that you're not sure, they're going to avoid fear, these elements, and that you welcome them, and you turn them into actually a positive, and that's a deterrent to chess.
+What other brands are doing that?
+The first is a classic, Apple.
+And you can see here, Target, Wii, mini-came and JetBlue.
+Now, there's a game changer and eight brands, these things come and go, but an "unsmo" brand is a pretty strong thing.
+An eight-week marker. How about your brand?
+If somebody asked you to describe your brands, your brands, your brands, what would it be like?
+You show a Up computer? Are you talking about that bringing blood into Wall Street?
+Or are you more like a Down version?
+Are you something that's a little bit quieter, conservative?
+Up-Atorn things are, fresh things like the Fresh Prince, contemporary, breaking off, like ejam and dear, and erectiously, and dipped, like Gande.
+Or are you more like a Down version?
+Are you eight and moons like 007?
+Are you established traditionally, traditional, protected, compassionate, feeling of Oprah?
+Are you reliable, stable, secure, holy, hummingbird, wise, huh and wisely the Dalai Lama or Yoda?
+Over the course of the film, we had more than 500 companies that were Up and down-FiFiles, and they said no, because they didn't want to be part of the project.
+They didn't want to do anything with this film, because you didn't have control, no control over the product.
+But they found 17 brands that were willing to give up on these controls that wanted to be willing to do with someone who was eight and played like me, and finally able to tell us stories that we couldn't usually tell -- stories that would never have a commercial.
+They enabled us to tell the story of neuroscientific, the way that we're using today's MRI to fMRI the brain centers to make both movies and movie.
+We went to Sao Paulo, where the black commercials have been banned.
+And throughout the city, for five years, no ads, no posters, no poster, no Flyer.
+And we drove into school districts where companies are embracing their way into high school, across all of America.
+The incredible thing for me is that the projects I got from most feedback or where I've had the biggest success are where I'm interacting with things.
+And that's what these brands did.
+Because they went around the middle man, who walked around the agent, saying that maybe the agents don't really have any interest in their interest.
+I'm going to negotiate with the artist directly.
+I'm going to work with him and do something completely different, which brings people into thinking that our world is challenging.
+And how did that succeed? What's it for them?
+Now, since Sundance film, we can look at this.
+According to Burrk, the Prime Minister was in January, and since then -- and this is not even the whole thing -- there were 900 million views of this movie.
+This is really only a two-and-a-half-half-half weeks.
+This is just online -- no press, no television.
+The film was not delivered yet.
+There's not even online. There's no stream online.
+He hasn't come out of any other countries.
+Well, eventually the movie has a very big moment.
+And that's not bad for a project that almost every commercial agency we talked to, and we were talking to their clients to leave their hands on it.
+One of the things that I'm firmly believe is that when you take risk, you get stuck in these risks.
+I think if you keep people from that, you'll get them closer and closer to failure.
+I think when you train your employees to avoid risk-taking, you prepare the whole company to pay a profit.
+I feel that we need to encourage people to take risks with risks.
+We need to encourage people to not be afraid of possibility to frighten them.
+Finally, when we get past the fear, we should be raising the fear.
+We should be hiding in the cage.
+Keep the fear out. Hew you out.
+But anyway, the big smile is how we welcome the risk.
+And finally, we need to be called transparency.
+Today, more than ever, brings us a little bit of honesty.
+And that's what I say to be honest and transparency, my total talk you will be able to get from my good friends in EMC, who pays $7100's name for the baybaye.
+Big data is being transformed around the world for large-scale organizations.
+The EMC would like to show you transparency.
+Thank you very much.
+Now Morgan, on behalf of transparency, this is: What actually happened to the $7100?
+That's a great question.
+I put a check in my pocket, made up of the top organization of the TED organization, the Sapling Foundation -- a check from $7100, to fund my TED Talk next year.
+My name is Amit.
+18 months ago, I did something else at Google, and I sat on something with museums and art, which is my boss, who gave me green light.
+And it took 18 months.
+A lot of negotiation, stories, and I can tell you, 17 very interesting museums from nine countries.
+But I'm going to focus on the demonstration.
+There's a lot of stories about why we've done this.
+I think my personal view is very easy with this slide, and I think it explains its access.
+I grew up in India.
+I became a great training -- I didn't complain -- but I had too many museums and all those artworks at my work.
+And when I went to see this musseen, I started learning a lot.
+And while I was working for Google, I was trying to make this vision more accessible -- to bring technology together with the technology.
+We then formed a team, a great team, and we started this with this.
+I'm going to start with the demonstration, and tell you some interesting things that have happened since the beginning.
+So you go to GoogleArt.com.
+You can look around in all these museums.
+There's Uffected, the MoMA, the Hermite, the Rijk Gogh.
+In fact, I come to one of my favorite, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
+You come in with two ways -- very simple.
+Click, and wiggles, is at the museum.
+It doesn't matter where you are -- Bombay, Mexico, it doesn't matter.
+You're a little bit more at a time. You're a lot of weight.
+They want to orient to the museum?
+Open your card, and jump in with a click.
+You're wired, you want to end up going to the end of the gang.
+Just further. Lots of fun.
+Excuse me.
+Thank you, but I'll tell you the best part.
+So I am one of my favorite examples, of Pieter errands in the Met.
+I see this pluse.
+If the museum gave us the image, click the museum.
+This is now one of the images.
+These are all metadata.
+Those of you who are really interested in art can click -- but I click now.
+This is one of the images that we've been holding on with something called the gigapixel technology.
+This image, for example, has about 10 billion points, I think.
+And a lot of people ask me, "What do you get for 10 billion points?"
+So I'm going to show you this.
+You can just go in and zoom out in.
+You see something funny here.
+I love this guy; his phrase is unsustainable.
+But then you really want to go deep.
+And so I started playing around, and I noticed there was something going on there.
+And I thought, "Wait a minute, this sounds interesting."
+I got close, and I slowly noticed that these kids were actually getting a little bit screamed.
+I did a little bit, talking to some of the people at Met, and I found that actually, this is a game called Squail, which is a Gant who's been beaten on a stick with a stick.
+It was very popular.
+I don't know why they did it, but I learned something about it.
+To really get up close, you can go all the way down to the wheels.
+Just to give you the overview of the event, so you can see what you get.
+Here we were, and this is the painting.
+The best part, though, is still coming in one second.
+Let's jump to MoMA, again in New York.
+Another favorite picture of me came from stars.
+For example, in pre-clinical terms, you know, the details was very important.
+But what if you want to see the paintbrush?
+And first of all, what if you wanted to see Van Gogh's masterpiece creating this masterpiece?
+You zoom in. You can actually walk inside.
+I'm going to zoom into one of my favorite parts of this picture until I really suck into the twig.
+This is probably the starlight that we've never seen before.
+Now I'm going to show you my favorite function.
+There are many, many others, but I don't have the time.
+This is the really cool bit. It's called collection.
+Any of you, everybody -- no matter whether rich or poor, you have a great house -- doesn't matter.
+You can go and create your own museum online -- from all these images, you can put your own collection on.
+Just look, you go in -- and I created this, it's called the power of the Zoom -- you can zoom in.
+This is "The Littlesand," in the Nationalgall.
+You can take all these kinds of things with your friends, send your friends, and start to a conversation about what you're feeling when you're looking at those masterpieces.
+I think, in closing, the main thing for me is that all the wonderful things that come here from Google didn't come.
+They don't even look for my harvest on the museums.
+I shouldn't say that.
+They come from the artists.
+And that was an experience for me in humility.
+I mean, I hope, with this digital medium of art, we're going to represent neatly online.
+And the most recent question I've been asked is, "Did you do this to replicate the experience of a museum?"
+And the answer to that is no.
+It's to add in to their experience.
+That's what it's about. Thank you.
+Thank you.
+This is a representation of your brain, and you can be divided into two.
+That's the left half, which is the logical side, and then the right half, which is the intuitive side.
+If we had a scale to measure the hemisphere every hemisphere, we could represent their brain.
+For instance, this is someone who is completely logical.
+This would be somebody who's totally intuitive.
+Now, where would you position your brain on that scale?
+Some of us may have selected for this extreme, but I think for most people in the audience, your brain looks something like this -- with a high stumbling, which is also in both hemispheres.
+It's not like they're both a exclusive or something.
+They can be logical, intuitive.
+And so I look at myself as one person, along with the most other experimental quantum physicists, who need a good proportion to put together complex ideas.
+But at the same time, we need a good proportion to actually do the experiment.
+How do we develop this intuition? Well, we love playing with things.
+So we go out and play with it, and then we start to think about how it responds, and then we start developing our intuition.
+They basically do the same thing.
+So one of the intuitions they've been developing over the years is probably a thing can only be in the same place.
+I mean, it can sound weird to think that one thing about the same is a thing in two different places, but you haven't been born with this idea, you developed.
+I remember watching a kid play on a ground loop.
+He was a toddler, and not very good at it, and he fell all the time.
+But I bet him play with the ground and taught him a very precious lesson, which is that the big stuff just won't let you down, and that they stay right in the field.
+And this is a great conceptual model of the world, so long as you're not a particle physicist.
+It would be a terrible model for a particle physicist because they don't play with the soil, they would do this little weird particle.
+And when they play with their particles, they sort of make up all kinds of weird things -- like they fly right through wall, or that they can be at the same time in two different places.
+And so they wrote all these observations and they called the theory of quantum mechanics.
+This was the state of physics some years ago; you needed quantum mechanics to describe the little tiny particles.
+But it didn't take to describe them the great everyday objects around us.
+Now, this hasn't really liked my intuitions, and maybe it's because I don't play that many times with particles.
+Well, sometimes I play with them, but not very often.
+And I've never seen it.
+I mean, nobody has ever seen a particle.
+But my logical side didn't like it either.
+Because if all things are made up of particles, and all these particles follow the rules of quantum mechanics, shouldn't it all be the rules of quantum mechanics?
+I don't see why this should not be.
+So I would be clear about all the different things, if somehow we could sort of show that everyday objects also follow the rules of quantum mechanics.
+So, a few years ago, I set out to do just that.
+I created one.
+This is the first object you can see, which was in the quantum mechanical superposition.
+So what we're looking at here is a tiny chip.
+And you can see that green dot there in the middle.
+This is the piece of metal that I'm going to talk about in a minute.
+This is a picture of the object.
+Here I'll zoom in on it. We'll see right here in the center.
+And here's a really, really big close-up of this little piece of metal.
+So what we're looking at is a little piece of metal that's shaped like a jump, and it's shaped like a mountain.
+So I did this thing in a similar way to the computer chips.
+I went in a clean space with a clean two-by-fours and a half hours to all these big devices.
+So, for the last bit, I had to build my own machine -- to get this sort of pool-like hole and get this thing.
+This thing has the ability to be in the quantum mechanics, but it needs some help to do it.
+So let me give you an analogy.
+You know how uncomfortable being in a elevator?
+I mean, if I'm alone, I do all kinds of weird things, but I go up and I hear other people doing it, because I don't want to be very keen to do it, or, frankly, they're squeezing.
+So quantum mechanics tells you that unintended objects are just as much a way.
+The drivers of the inconsistencies are not just people, but the light that seems to them, and the wind blows them over, the heat of the room.
+And so we knew that if we wanted to see that this piece of metal is quantum-entangled, we had to go out all the way to travel.
+And that's what we did.
+We turned the lights off, we put it in a vacuum, and savage, and cool it down to almost everything, just by now, the metal was all freely freely freely freely freely freely freely freely freely freely available, as it always wanted to behave.
+So we measured its movement.
+And we found that it was really, really strange.
+Instead of it, it's just slapped away. The way it vibrating was approximately like this -- like a vibrating bubble and putting it together.
+In that little push, we could take it to vibrate over time, and not vibrating -- something that would only allow him to vibrate in the quantum mechanics.
+So what I'm telling you right now is what is truly fantastic.
+What does it mean to vibrate objects at the same time and not vibrating?
+Let's think about the atoms.
+So the first case is that all the trillions of atoms that make up the piece of metal are still there, and at the same time, the same atoms move along and off.
+It was only at precise times that they would agree.
+The rest of the time are decentralized.
+That means that every atom is in the same space at once, which means that the entire metal is two different locations in two different places.
+I think that's really cool.
+It's true.
+That was worth putting all of this year in that clean space, because you check that out the mass difference between a single atom and that piece of metal is about the same as the difference between the metal and you.
+So if a single atom can be in two different places at the same time, can this piece of metal in two different places, why not you?
+I mean, that's just what my logical side says.
+So, imagine if you were in a while back, how would that feel?
+What would your consciousness do to deal with that is your body in the room?
+There is another aspect of the story.
+When we turned it on, the lights turned on and watched the box, we saw that the metal was always in one piece of metal.
+And so what I had to do was to develop this new intuition that it looks like all the objects that are really just quantum objects that are crad in a small space.
+You hear a lot of talk about how quantum mechanics tell us that everything is connected to everything.
+Well, that's not exactly right.
+There's more to it than that, and there's more to it.
+It is so that those connections, your compounds with all the things that make you define literally, and that's the depth and strangeness of quantum mechanics.
+Thank you.
+In 2007, I decided we should think of how we think about economic development.
+It should be our goal if we want to think about where families are and what they want to work, but to give them an opportunity to choose between at least a handful of different cities that are all in competition.
+We are very far from the moment to the aim.
+There are billions of people in the developing world who don't even have one city to be called.
+But the amazing thing about cities is they are so much more valuable than it costs them to build.
+So we could end the world with very simple, maybe even hundreds of new cities.
+Now that might sound absurd to you, if you've never thought about new cities.
+Just stand a little bit in construction against the cities in our cities.
+Imagine half the people who are going to live in homes already doing this already and half are not yet.
+You could try to expand the capacity of the existing apartments already exists.
+But you know what you'd be able to enter into these apartments and to avoid the laws and deflecting them from building.
+So it turns out to be a very hard thing to get all of those extension issues.
+But you could go to a whole new place, complete block of housing, imagining the laws that are going to support you there, not disabled.
+So I proposed that governments are creating new surfaces that are providing enough space to a city, and they've given them a name: Charter, Cities.
+Later, I found out about that same time, Jaio and Octavio about the challenge of reform in Honduras.
+They knew that every year, about 75,000 Honduras left their country to reach out to the United States, and they wanted to know what they could do to make sure that those people could stay in their country and do the same thing.
+Now, at this point, Jaio Octavio said, "What happens if we just take an un-learned place in our country, if we just give it a message to the American people, some of the Canadian messages, and if they want to work under the Canadian rule or the United States, they can work there on the ground of this message, where normally they have to go to Canada or America?"
+In the summer of 2009, Honduras suffered an enraged agency.
+The next election, the general election, won a prisoner in a re-engineering program that both new and religious degrading.
+He asked for Octavio to become his stick.
+In the meantime, I was ready to give a talk at TEDGlobal.
+Through enhancement, and through a research study of consumers, I've tried to reduce this complicated concept of charter City to the major elements.
+The first point, the importance of laws, laws which determine that you already exist in the existing housing system.
+We're allowing new technologies to do big, but for progress it takes for the technology and laws. And they're usually for laws that keep us back.
+In the fall of 2010, a friend of Guatemala Octavio sent the link to the TEDTalk.
+Again, the piano showed him.
+They called me up.
+And they said, "Let's present this to the head of your country."
+So we met in December the seat of a hotels in Miami.
+I tried to make a clear question about how valuable cities are, how much they cost to be.
+And I used this chart to show you how valuable raw land is in a place like New York, and think about it in some cases, a thousand dollars per square meter.
+But it was quite an abstract discussion, where, for example, there was a Octavio, said, "Paul, we might look at the TEDTalk."
+So the TEDTalk in a very simple form made that Charter is a place of uninhabited land, an founding contract, that provides the laws that make these people and gives them the opportunity to either live under those rules or not.
+So I was asked by the president of Honduras, who said that we need to make this project important, and that this is the way we get our country to do it.
+I was asked to come to Teggucipa and give a talk at the fourth and five, a lecture.
+So I have another piece of facts which has given a sense of how this work involves trying to make a much value in a city, it's got to be a very large city.
+This is a picture of the city Denver, and the sketch of the new airport, which was built in Denver.
+All of these airports has an area of 100 square kilometers.
+So I tried to convince Honduras to start building a new city, and with an area of at least 1,000 square miles.
+That's more than a thousand mornings.
+Pretty much all the caves applauded.
+The audience's faces were very serious and focused.
+The head of Congress came up on the stage and said, "Professor Rome, thank you for your talk, but maybe we could look at the TED Talk.
+I have it on my laptop here."
+So I sat down, and they played the TEDTalk.
+And I've come to the core conclusion that a new city will provide new possibilities for people.
+There would be a way to live in a city that would be Honduras, instead of a hundred kilometers north.
+And a new city also includes new opportunities for leaders.
+The leaders of Honduras in Honduras would be dependent on aid from countries to benefit from their partners to the people that they would benefit from the laws of the charter, and in doing so, everyone can trust that the charter is really being set up.
+And the realization from President Lobo was that the wisdom of remorse to get me started as a way to get the foreign investors to build that city could be equal to all party users in Honduras who have been suffering for many years and years now.
+We've driven across areas.
+This is a picture of this place.
+It lifts thousands of square miles.
+And shortly after that, on January 19th, they voted with Congress to have a pleading change to get a premise that is specific to its development area.
+In a country that has just been behind a strong crisis has been made in Congress for this constitution, with a vote.
+All the parties, all the factions of society, promoting it.
+But to be ripped through the constitution, it has to be re-engaged twice.
+And on the 17th, February was sailed, and it was pushed for a second time with a 114 voice.
+We have the means between the election, between the 21st of February, and February, a deregulation of about 30 doguranations to the two places that were most interested in building the city in this.
+One place is South Korea.
+This is a picture of a large, new city center built in South Korea -- big like the Boston center.
+Everything you can see in this picture was built within four years after it took to preserve the permits.
+The other place that was really interested in cities is Singapore.
+There have been two cities built in China, and the third is in preparation.
+So if you're basically thinking about it, this is where we are today.
+They've already built a piece of building, and they're already starting to look at this second place for the city.
+It's already been done on a legal system that allows managers to participate, and it's also been done on an external legal system.
+One country has already offered his Supreme Court to provide the courthouse as a courthouse for the nemesing of the court system.
+Cities and urban design are also very interested.
+They even bring money into them.
+One thing you already know, has been enlightened, there's a lot of rent.
+There are a lot of businesses that would love to be addressed to America especially in a place with a free trade zone, and there are a lot of people who would like to live there.
+There are 700 million people around the world who like to suggest that they like to live in a different place.
+A million people leave Latin America every year, and go across the United States.
+Many of them are fathers who forced to leave their families behind, sometimes to go back to work -- there are mothers who have enough money to earn food and clothing.
+Unfortunately, it's sometimes even children who are trying to find their parents, who haven't seen it in some cases since a decade.
+So, what is it about building a whole new city in Honduras?
+Or even you go from these cities to cities, or are you putting hundreds of people around the world?
+So what is it for an idea to insist that every family has a choice between multiple cities which stand in competition for new residents?
+This is an idea worth spreading.
+My friends from Honduras asked me to say thank you TED.
+Do you know how many choices are on a typical day?
+Do you know how many choices are on a typical week?
+I just asked a poll just recently with 2,000 Americans, and the average number of choices that are made by a typical American had 70s a day.
+And also, one study done recently with CEOs, watching the CEO for a week.
+And these scientists just documented the different subjects with these CEOs, and how much time they spent on making decisions which are related to the issues.
+And they found that a average CEO is doing 139 tasks a week.
+Each of those themes, of course, was of many, many smaller decisions.
+Fifty percent of their decisions were made within five minutes or less.
+Only for about 12 percent of their decisions, they needed an hour or more of their time.
+Think about your own decisions.
+Do you know how many choices are on the one hour's side of the category?
+How good are you to think about making decisions?
+Today I want to talk about one of the major decisions in our modern day, the decision-making problem.
+I want to talk about the problem, and some possible solutions.
+Now, when I talk about this problem, I'm going to ask you some questions, and I want to know your answers.
+If I ask you a question, raise your hand if you want to burn a couple calories.
+Otherwise, I'd ask you, if I ask you a question, and your answer is yes, so my first question for today is: Are you ready to listen to something about the burden of burden?
+Thank you.
+When I was a graduate student at Stanford, I went to this very broad food store, at least in the '40s.
+It was a store, it was called Draeger.
+That business, it was almost like a delight park.
+They had 250 different kinds of mustard and there, and there were over 500 different kinds of fruit and vegetables, and more than two different kinds of water -- and this was at a time when we actually had to drink water.
+I loved going to this business, but at the time I asked myself, "Well, how come you never buy anything?"
+Here's the olive oil.
+They had over 75 different kinds of olive oil, including those that came into the fighting in tens of thousands of years.
+So I decided one day to visit the leader, and I asked the ladder, "Do you really give all the people the possibilities?"
+And he showed up on the bus trials of tourists who came every day and ordinary cameras were getting there.
+So we decided to do an experiment, and we chose Martian to do our experiment.
+Here's her walk-up.
+They had three48 different types of Martian.
+We put a little cosmes on the front of the business.
+We put six different tastes in there, or 24 different taste items, and we looked at two things: First, I'd be looking at which case people are going to stop and try to get march on it?
+There were more people standing when there were 24 percent, about six percent when it was about 40 percent.
+And after that, we saw the case that people bought a glass box.
+Now we saw the reverse effect.
+Of those, 24 people stayed there as a 24th of them, only three percent actually bought a glass ceiling.
+And the people who stayed there as six were, well now we saw 30 percent of them actually bought a glass of Martian.
+Now, if you calculate, people bought six times more of a glass box than if you had 24 of these choices.
+Now, to decide not to buy a glass of Martian is probably good for us -- at least it's good for our waistline -- but it turns out the decision-making problem also impacts us very much in a lot.
+We don't choose to decide, even if it comes to our best interests.
+So the theme of the day: financial saving.
+I'm going to share with you a study that I did with digital Hubble Emirerman, Emireica, who, in which we conducted the decisions we made for saving almost a million Americans from around the entire United States.
+And what we saw was whether the number of funders who were able to have a retirement plan that would influence 401 plan that would save 401 plan.
+And what we found was that there was actually a connection.
+So in these plans, we had about 657 plans that allowed people to do anything between two to 59 different funders.
+And what we found was that the more funders were offered, in fact, the less participation.
+Now if you look at the extremes that had failed plans to have two funders, a participation rate in the 1970s -- still not as high as we want.
+In the plans that nearly 60 funders dropped, the participation rate now dropped to about the ten percent.
+Now it turns out that even when you get together to understand more choices, even when that's negative consequences.
+So people who decided to participate more, the more choices they were available, the more they were putting it out on the more stockpile and funders.
+The more choices they were available, the more they were in pure market.
+None of these extreme decisions, part of whom would recommend people's lives if we care about their future financial well-being.
+Well, in the last 10 years, we've seen a lot of negative consequences in people who are observing the effort of more and more choices.
+They open up the decision, they push back, even if they're self-interesting their own self-interest.
+They're more likely to make bad decisions -- worse financial and bad medical decisions.
+They're more likely to do things that they can give themselves less happy, even if they do objective things.
+The main reason for this is that maybe we're going to enjoy this huge set of engineers, hot-sknifeon Sent, but we can't pull the comparisons and the voids and actually choose something from the fantastic supply.
+So what I want to suggest to you today is four simple techniques -- techniques that we've tested in different ways and different kinds of research that you can simply apply to your business.
+First, a limit.
+You've heard it before, but it's never been more true than today, that less is.
+People are always worried when I say, "Take the bottom."
+They're always worried that you're losing the shelf.
+But in fact, what we see is that as you're more and more, if you're willing to limit and limit the important means, well then there's a increase in sales; there's a cost to make a decision-making reduction.
+When Proctor and Gamble made a different kind of headset somewhere, 26 percent of them were due to a rise in sales of 10 percent.
+When the Golden Corporation sells 10 of their top catadores, you saw that the gains were about 87 percent in terms of the increase in sales, the increase in sales of the cost.
+You know, the average superpower today gives you 45,000 products.
+A typical Walmart will give you 100,000 products today.
+But the nine super-enabling supermarkets today, the largest super-exponest supermarket in the world, and they only offer you 1,400 products -- a kind of tomato sauce in Dos.
+Now, in the world of savings, I think one of the best examples that recently arrived on the market was how you would say the best choice of the human race was something that David Labson, which is very strong with the program that is offered at Harvard.
+Every single Harvard employee takes automatically to participate in a life-long lifestyle.
+The ones that really want to meet a selection are 20 funders, not 300 or more funders.
+You know how often people say, "I don't know how to limit it.
+It's all important possibilities.
+And the first thing I ask people is, "Well, tell me how do the possibilities are different.
+And if your employees can't stop, your customers won't be."
+Well, before we started this day, I had a conversation with Gary.
+And what Gary said was that he would be willing to offer all people in this audience an all-lusive vacation in the world to offer up on the most beautiful street.
+Here's a description of the road.
+And I want to read you the one.
+And I'm going to give you a couple of seconds to read them, and I ask you to clap your deal with when you're willing to take off Gary's offer.
+Okay. Everyone's willing to take the supply of Gary.
+Is that all there?
+All right, let me show you a little bit more of that.
+They knew it was a trick, you know?
+Now who is ready for that journey.
+I think I may have heard more hands.
+All right.
+The fact is, this is a fact that you saw objectively in the first time as much information, but I would guess it would make you feel it's the second time you found it.
+Because the images made it feel real for you.
+Which brings me to the second technology that's helping you deal with the problem of decision-making, which is the consensus.
+It's about understanding that people have to understand the difference between opportunities, understanding the consequences of the individual opportunities and the consequences of that being empty and feeling very specific.
+Why are people on average, between 30 and 30 percent more if you use a EC card or a credit card than you'd pay for cash?
+Because we don't really feel the money.
+And it turns out that when you do something concrete, it's a very good tool to save more people.
+So we did a study done with Shlom and Aless Previtroandro Previtero, which we did a study where people at ING -- employees that were all involved in a re-conserved curriculum for their retirement curriculum.
+And in the gathering of this gathering, we have left these conventions just as it was, just like we've added a little bit on each other.
+The small thing that we added was we asked people to think of all the positive things that would happen in their lives if they save money.
+The simple thing we did, and there was a 20 percent increase in participation, and there was a increase in the number of people willing to save or reduce the amount of increase in reducing it to save.
+Third, Kategoris.
+We can do better with more categories than with more choices.
+So for example, this is a study we did in a magazine.
+It turns out that it's sweeping superimposed on the way up and down in the northeast area, enabling the number of three types of magazines between the ages of time to six,000 magazines.
+But you know what?
+If I show you 600 magazines, and they point to me in 10 categories, or 400 magazines, and those in 20 categories, I think you'd made a better choice, than I gave you 400 of them if I gave you the 600 magazines.
+Because the category of it tells me how to apart.
+Here's two different jewelry samples.
+One is called "Jazz," and the other one is called "Swing."
+If you think that the left able to do ad to Swing, and the display on the right is jazz, clap in your hands.
+Okay, there's a couple.
+If you think that the one on the left is jazz, and the one on the right is shit, please clap.
+Okay, a few more.
+Well, it turns out you're right.
+The one on the left is jazz, and the one on the right is Swing, but you know what?
+This is a highly grazing drug.
+The categories have to tell the vote, not the selection.
+And this is a problem that often, when you look at the long lists of all this fund.
+Who are you going to inform it?
+My fourth technique: namely for complexity.
+It turns out that we actually can deal with more information than we think we need to simplify.
+We need to start increasing complexity.
+Let me show you an example of what I mean.
+Let's make a very, very complicated decision: think of a car.
+Here's a German car company that gives you the ability to map their own car.
+You have to make 62 different decisions all the way to design your car.
+Now these choices are different in the number of choices they offer per decision.
+Autonomy, outside of the car -- I have 56 possibilities.
+motors, gears -- four possibilities.
+What I do now is I change the order in which these decisions are coming.
+Half of customers are going to go from all the possibilities, 56 cars to the low power, four propulsions.
+The other half of the customer goes from the low opportunities, four gears, to the 56 car, many possibilities.
+What do I look at?
+How interested are you.
+If you're constantly using the standard choice in decision-making, that means you're going to be asked to lose that.
+What you find is that the people who go from the many to the low-frequency choices are going to be able to choose the standard choice over and over again.
+We're losing them.
+Go from the few choices to the many, and then stay with them.
+It's the same information; it's the same number of possibilities.
+The only thing I've done is to change the order that is presented in that information.
+When I start with the simple, I learn how to choose.
+Even though the gear chooses, nothing about my ancestry in inner inner city, it still says it to me.
+It also entails me to the great deal of the product I'm putting together, and so I'm ready to get myself to be interested in doing that.
+Let me wrap it up.
+I've told you about four techniques that are actually addressing the problem of decision-making -- they're going to involve the obsolete alternatives; they're making it real; we can more categories with more, less complexity.
+Each of these techniques that I'm going to describe to you today is to help you manage the possibilities -- good for yourself, for the people that you're using for.
+Because I think the key to the best choice is that being a choice is picky.
+And the more we choose, the more we choose, the better we shall be able to train the art of making the decision.
+Thank you.
+Hi. I'm Kevin Alloccus, trends in YouTube, and I look at YouTube videos.
+That's true.
+Today, we want to talk about how videos get viral, and then later on, why that's important.
+We all want to be Stars -- race, singers, comedians -- when I was young, it seemed so infinite.
+But Web video has allowed us to become aware that we can all become insane or famous by our creative activities in some part of our culture.
+Any one of you could be famous on the Internet until the next Saturday.
+But then, on YouTube, more than 48 hours of video is uploaded to every single minute.
+And in this process, only a tiny percentage of virals ever looked viral, and so, again, thousands of times, of cultural moments.
+So how does this work?
+Three things: Tastemaker, participation and unexpected things.
+Well, then we want.
+Oh my God. Oh my God.
+Oh my God!
+Whereas!
+Ahhhh, wow.
+Last year, Vasz sent this video to his house in Yosemite National Park.
+It was taken 23 million times in 2010, and it had been looked at it.
+This chart shows what it looked like when the video was first published last summer.
+Actually, no viral video would ever do.
+He just wanted to share a rainbow.
+Because you're just doing that, when you're doing Yosemite mountain bike.
+He had uploaded a lot of natural videos.
+And this video had actually been sent in January.
+What happened here?
+And Jimmy Kimmel came.
+Jimmy Kimmel sent the tweet that's so popular with the video at the end of the last few years.
+Because the keys are like Jimmy Kimmel and there are all kinds of interesting things that we can show to a big audience.
+It's Friday, Friday, God on Friday at Friday. Everybody'sheed. Friday, Friday. You wouldn't have thought that we would have this conversation, I hope I'd talk about this video.
+RS: Blacks' "The world's Financial" is one of the most popular videos of the year.
+This went to a million times this year.
+This is what the graph looked like.
+Just like with "Double Rainbow" it seems to have come from nothing.
+What happened that day?
+Well, it was Friday, that's right.
+If you want to know where those other spikes are also Fridays.
+But what about that day, that particular Friday?
+Well, Tosh. There were a lot of blogs started writing about this.
+Michael J. Nelson's favorite science fiction was one of the first to make a joke about this.
+The important thing is that a group or a group of keys would take a stand, share a large audience with it, and with the process speed up.
+And then this community of people who shared this great insider and started talking about it and playing around with it.
+Now there's 10,000 perfumes of theFriday's "Mion."
+Already in the first seven days, there was a parodie in every single day.
+Unlike the twentieth century, the participation of the 20th century is our way to become part of this phenomenon -- either by spreading it or making something new out of it.
+"Nyan Cat" is animation and music at the end.
+It's that, very simple.
+This year has been almost 50 million times.
+And if you think that's crazy, you should know that there's three hours of a version of this that has been put together four million times.
+Even cats look at this video.
+So cats looking at cats looking at this video.
+The important thing is creativity that is dominated in the Internet culture of tech and geeks.
+There were remixes.
+Somebody did an old-fashioned version of it.
+And then it became international.
+A remix-legged future shot shot out of the ground that made it a silly joke we could all participate in.
+We don't just find the pleasure of something today, and we do it.
+Who could have predicted all this?
+Who could have predicted if the "Double Rainbow" or Rebecca Black" or "Ny Catan Cat."
+What script could you write in that sort of thing?
+In a world where every minute, every minute you have two days you can put up video, you can only really produce as high as you just can see from the most unexpected and unexpected videos that you've just mentioned.
+I was not interested in seeing a friend of mine, when I said to myself, to watch this great video of a guy protesting in New York on bicycles.
+I got a ticket because I'm not on the wheel, but there are many disabilities that often can't get a disability on the wheel.
+Since this was completely surprising and humor, Casey was sweaty, the idea was funny and its argument was looked at five million times.
+This approach is true of anything we can do in a new way of creative importance.
+And all this leads to this very large question...
+What does that mean?
+Ohhhh.
+What does that mean?
+Tastemaker, creative participants, completely unexpectedly, are the features of a new kind of media and culture that everybody has access to and that audience.
+As I said, one of the largest stars -- Justin Bieber -- did his start at the beginning of YouTube.
+Nobody has to give your ideas for green light.
+And today, we all feel more comfortable with our pop culture.
+And these are not the features of the old media, and they're not really affecting the media of today, but they're going to determine the entertainment of the future.
+Thank you.
+How can I talk about the interconnectedness of three generations of women, and how amazing strength in this connectedness of a woman who, when she was four, she had a baby baby sister and her mother, in a small boat in Chinese for 30 days, and her life that she was a verb that now sat on the Chinese sea, this little girl who now lives in San Francisco, and she's a delusional world,
+The story is not over.
+It's a puzzle that's going to be put together.
+I want to share with you some of the pieces of the puzzle.
+Imagine the first piece: a man who burns his life.
+He's a poet, a writer, whose whole life of the simple hope of one's been held together by one simple hope and freedom of his home.
+Hold him down on the muttering community in Sagon, as he must have been, he has been a single waste of his life.
+The words, as long as his friends, was letting his friends go.
+He moved back into silence.
+He died, broken through the story.
+He's my grandfather.
+I never met him personally.
+But our lives are so much more than our memories.
+My grandmother never let me forget his life.
+I had to make sure it wasn't free, and it was my job to learn that the story was trying to shattered us, but we were going to get it out.
+The next puzzle shows how a boat is going to run out of the early mornings, quiet at sea.
+My mother was 18, 18, when her father died -- in an arrogant marriage, already with two little girls.
+For her life, her life had provided a job -- the escape from her family and a new life in Australia.
+It was completely out of a job that she could fail.
+After a four-year-old, filming Saga has sucked down the sea as fishing boats.
+All adults were aware of risks.
+They were the greatest fear of pirates and rape and death.
+Like most adults on the boat, my mom carried a little venom bottle.
+If I had a prisoner and my sister and I, then they were drunk and my grandmother's offspring.
+My first memories are of this boat -- the always a motor of the engine, the class of every wave on the front, the far and empty horizon.
+I don't remember the pirates that many times were coming, but from the death of the men on our boat, or the failure of the engine that didn't want to start six hours.
+But I remember the lights before the maverick era, when the young man who collapsed and died, the end of the journey, and to him too much for him, and the flavor of the first apple, gave me one of the men on the platform.
+No apple ever sounded like that again.
+After three months in a refugee camp, we landed in Melbourne.
+And the next piece is about four women in three generations assembled into a new life.
+We've gone to Footscrasy, a working-class accompanied by the local community of immigrants.
+Unlike the old middle class, which was completely unknown to me, there was no claim in Foot'scrascrates.
+The smells came from the shop, from the rest of the world.
+And the Fifeen English has been broken between people who had a common thing: they started redesigned.
+My mother worked on farms, then on a assembly line in a car factory for six days, a double-life, double-click.
+It somehow got to find their time, thereby noticing English and I.T. skills.
+We were poor.
+Every dollar was shared and was placed in English and mathematics for another math, no matter what we had to do, no matter what, we had to give up. Me and more things were always the new stuff.
+Two couples for the school, every one to cover the holes in the other.
+A school uniform for up to your ankle, because she had to reach six years.
+And there were the rare Crete of "Apoca" and here, and wall-yaled, goes home.
+After home where?
+Something hit me.
+There was a meeting with a reconciliation meeting, and a quiet voice said, "I'm going to go out of my way."
+My mother, my sister and I slept in the same bed.
+My mother was exhausted every night, but we were telling each other about our day, and hearing the movement of our grandmother's movement.
+My mother had been dreaming of the boat.
+And it was my job to stay awake at night until her nightmares came and sat down.
+She opened a computer business, then created a comet and opened up a business.
+And the women came with their stories about men who didn't wore change, angry and unreliable children, caught in between two worlds.
+These are the demographics and the sponsors.
+centers have been built.
+I lived in parallels.
+In one of the classic Asian students, I was a local Asian student of inquisitive demands on himself.
+In the other midst of the life, I was involved in in a non-violent scare that was tragically the violence that surrounded the drugs and the isolation.
+But for so many years, help was coming.
+And because of this, I was chosen last year in my law school as a young Australian.
+And I was placed on a piece of paper for the next, and the Rift Valley were jacked.
+Tan Ley, anonymous inhabitants of Footscratic, well, Tanzania, refugees, refugees, refugee, social activist who never heard of, and in the places they'd never heard of, and in the home that they could never imagine.
+I didn't trust the eloquently.
+I didn't know how to use the best.
+I didn't know how to talk about wine.
+I didn't know how to talk about anything.
+I wanted to go back to routinely and I wanted a routine of life's routine -- a grandmother, a mother and two daughters who had been able to do what they were saying every single day by the stories of their day and they were in for 20 years, we were still in the same bed.
+I told my mother, I would not.
+She reminded me that I was now the same age as we had the boat back when we had the boat.
+No, no.
+"And it's easy," she said, "and not what you are."
+So I talked about youth unemployment and education, and the neglected and governance.
+And the more I talked, the more I was supposed to talk.
+I met folks in all walks of life, so many of them did what they loved, lived on the boundaries of the possible.
+And even though I graduated from college, I realized that I couldn't find myself in law school.
+There must be another piece of paper.
+And I realized at the same time that it's okay to be an outsider, a new ring, new — — and not just okay, but something that you need to be grateful for, maybe a gift of the boat.
+Because it can be easily done to the collapse of the horizon, so easily means that you accept the assumptions of the environment.
+I've gone out of my comfort zone to know that, yes, the world is breaking apart, but not as much as you fear it.
+So, opportunities that would not have been allowed to be more sophisticated.
+There was an energy, an un-death anniversary, a strange mix of humility and of Waal.
+So I followed my gut.
+I collected a small team of people around me, for those who didn't have the shoe bubble, a very irreducible challenge.
+We didn't have a cent for a year.
+At the end of a day, I cooked a giant soup we shared.
+We worked late at night.
+Most of our ideas were crazy, but there were a few brilliant ones, and we managed to get the breakthrough.
+I made a decision to go to the United States.
+It's just a journey up there.
+My gut guts again.
+Three months later, I moved, and the adventure continued.
+Now before I leave this talk, I would like to tell you about my grandmother.
+She grew up at a time in Confucianism that social norm and local Mandarin was the most important person.
+Life had not changed since centuries.
+Her father died soon after they were born.
+Her mother was putting her on her own.
+At 17, she was the second wife of a Mandarin, who beat her.
+Without a guy's support, she worried about a Senate by putting him in court and clout in her own case, and a much larger Senate than she won.
+Don't just slow down as he didn't think of.
+I just showed up in a hotel room in Sydney, when she died, a thousand kilometers away in Melbourne.
+I looked through the slacks, and I saw them on the other side.
+I knew she had come and say goodbye.
+My mom called me a few minutes after that.
+A few days later, we went to a Buddhist temple in Foot'scrascray, and we sat around her sari.
+We told her stories and we told her we had still care about it.
+At night, the monk came over and said he's going to throw the sari.
+My mother asked us to touch her hand.
+She asked the monks, "Why is her hand so warm and the rest of hers is so cold?"
+"Because you have been keeping them tomorrow," he said.
+"You didn't let it go."
+If there's a band in our family, it's going through women.
+And you can see who we were and how life shaped us, we can now see that the men who might have come to our lives, we were in the smugglers.
+The defeat would have been too simple.
+Now I'd like my own children, and I'd like to think of the boat.
+Who would ever want to wish?
+Yes, I'm scared of privilege, of suffering, of reasoning.
+Can I give them a bug in their life that is courageous, despite every single wave that is unsustainable, always the power of the engine, the far horizons that I don't think?
+I don't know.
+But if I could put this in, and I could make sure that it was.
+And you know, the mother in the fourth or five rows here today.
+I'm here to share my photography with you.
+Is it photography at all?
+Because, of course, this is a picture of being able to take up your camera.
+But nonetheless, my interest in photography began when I received my first digital camera from 15 years old.
+I combined it with my former drawing, but it was a little different, because Ben's cameras were doing a lot of the planning process.
+And if you take a picture with a camera, it ends up the process by putting it on.
+So it seemed like for me to be more of a photograph, to be in the right place at the right time.
+I believed that anybody could do it.
+So I wanted to create something else, something that starts when the trigger is suppressed.
+photographs like this: a construction site going down a much more road.
+But it has an unexpected twist.
+And yet, a realistic level still indicates a possible level.
+Or take photographs like this -- dark and colorful, but still, all with the common goal of keeping a realistic level.
+When I say reality, I mean this picture.
+Because, of course, it's not something you can actually capture, but I want to make it look like they could have taken this picture on you.
+You have to think for a moment to figure out what the tricks are.
+So it's really a way of catching a idea as a moment.
+But what is the trick that makes it look realistic?
+Is it the detail detail or the colors?
+Is it going to go around the light?
+What creates the illusion?
+Sometimes the perspective is illusion.
+But ultimately, the way we interpret the world, and how it can be made on a two-dimensional area.
+It's not what is realistic, but what we think is realistic.
+So I think the principles are very simple.
+I think of it as a puzzle of reality, where you can take different pieces and assemble it to actually create an alternative reality.
+And let me show you a simple example.
+We have three perfectly physical objects that we can all identify with, in a three-dimensional world.
+But in a certain way, they can actually create something that still looks like it's there.
+But at the same time, we know that that's not possible.
+So we're talking about our brains because our brains are just simply not accepted.
+And I see the same process in the same kind of photos.
+It's really just about combining different realities.
+So the things that make a realistic picture look real, I think, are the things we don't think about, the things around us in our daily lives.
+But when we combine photos, it's really important to remember that, because otherwise they just look kind of wrong.
+So I would say there are three simple rules that I would make to happen, and I would make a realistic outcome.
+As you can see, these are not three particular pictures.
+But they can combine something special like this.
+So the first rule is that combined photos should have the same perspectives.
+Secondly, we need to put in a different kind of image: the same lighting form.
+And these two images meet the same height and the same lighting lighting that you saw.
+Third, it's about making it impossible to distinguish where the individual images begin and end by putting them close together.
+Make it impossible to say what the photo was actually put together.
+So by combining color and lightness and contrast on the edges of the individual images, photographing deeply, outwards and disorder, we can add the boundaries between those different images and let them look like a single image, although a fundamental picture can contain hundreds of levels.
+Here's another example.
+You might think this is just a landscape image, and the bottom part is rigged.
+But this picture is actually completely composed of photos, of different places.
+Personally, I think it's easier to create a place than to find a place, because you don't have to go with the trade in your head.
+But it requires a lot of planning.
+And when I had this idea in winter, I knew that I would spend several months planning to find them, you know, different places for the piece of the puzzle.
+For example, fish had been taken off on a five-inch flight.
+The bank is from another place.
+The underwater a quarry came from a rock.
+And yes, I even have the house on the top of the island to make it look like floating.
+So to achieve a realistic outcome, it's seen from me planning.
+I always start with a Sketch, an idea.
+And then they're all about the combination of different images.
+And here it is very well planned every piece.
+And then when you do great images, it might be pretty beautiful, and it's also quite realistic.
+So it's all the tools and the only thing that's affecting us is our imagination.
+Thank you.
+I'd like to talk to you about why so many electronic health projects fail.
+And I think the most important point about this is we stopped talking to our patients.
+And one of the things that we introduced to the wheelbouw in the universe was to have a main presentation.
+It doesn't really work very much in science -- it's a cup of coffee, or tea, and she says, "How does it work?"
+How can we help you?"
+And we think we want to think that this is one of the main problems of why -- maybe it's only the electronic health projects, which is because we stopped listening.
+This is my wireless prediction. It's a very simple thing.
+It has a button, an/off.
+And I jump to it every morning.
+And yes, I have a problem, as you may recognize.
+I set up my job at 95 lbs.
+It just works very easily: every time I jump onto the scale, they send my data to Google Health.
+And they're also, of course, being called down by my general doctor, so that he can identify where my weight problem isn't just in that moment, but that I need to use map, or something like that, but with a glimpse of the past.
+But there's something else.
+Maybe this is something I've known about 4,000 thylacines on Twitter.
+So every morning I jump onto my wireless profiles, and people talk to me before I sit in the car, "For lunch, let's have a little lettuce today."
+But this is the net effect that can happen, because this is the group of groups that are forced to help patients, because this could be used against obesity, or it could be used for smoking.
+But it could also be used to get people out of their chairs and get them to play together in a way, to control their health better.
+Next week, this is coming into the market.
+There will be these little blood pressure if you add on an iPhone or something.
+And it will enable people to measure their blood pressures at home, share their blood pressure, and share it with others, for over 100 dollars.
+And at this point, the patient gets to the point, not only can they get control of their own boat control, but they can also help us with health care, as well as the challenges that are facing us, as the cost of health care, double demand for healthcare, and so on.
+Do the method of using that is easy and starting with this team to hug a team.
+And you can do that through this kind of method, but also by crowdsourcing.
+And one of the things that we've done, I want to share with you a little video.
+We have all of the navigation systems in our cars.
+Maybe even in our mobile phones.
+We all know exactly where the ATMs are around mammal.
+We know one more thing to do about all the gas stations.
+And of course, we can find fast food products.
+But where would the nextED be to help the patient?
+We asked about this, and nobody knew.
+No one knew where the next life-saving ED was happening at that moment.
+So what did we do? We've done crowdsourcing in the Netherlands.
+We built a website and we asked people, "If you see an ED, please tell us where it is, when, when, it's on," because sometimes it's closed while business people are closed, of course.
+And over 10,000 AEDs have already been reported in the Netherlands.
+The next thing was to find the app for this.
+And we designed an iPad app.
+We've developed an app for Lear with extended reality to find these EDs.
+And if you're in a city like Maastricht, and someone together can use your iPhone, and within the next couple of weeks, your Microsoft -- to find the next AED, who can save lives.
+And today, we want to do this not just as aED4, as the product is calling itself, but as an ED4.
+And we want to bring this to a global level.
+And we're asking our colleagues around the world, from other universities, to help us behave like nodes and crowdsource these EDs all over the world.
+And if you're on vacation and someone else breaks, it's your own relatives or somebody else, you can find an ED.
+The other thing we'd like to ask is companies around the world are helping us with this ED.
+This curve would be a curator, or a technician, for example, just to make sure that AED is still in the place.
+So, please help us and try to improve health, not just to improve your hand.
+Thank you.
+Today, I'm going to report from unexpected discoveries.
+I work in solar technology business.
+And my little startling device is we're trying to make sure we're...
+... It's a crowdsourcing thing.
+So here's a quick video of what we're doing.
+Oh. There are moments.
+It might take a long time to go into it.
+Now, we can just jump over this -- I'm just going to skip the video instead...
+No.
+This is not...
+Okay.
+Solar technology is...
+Oh, my time is already over?
+Okay. Thank you.
+So a few years ago, I started getting a program about the stars and design for a year, and working in an environment that really suggests what they hated, we have them working in government.
+The program is called "Code America," and it's a little bit like the Peacecorp for the computer.
+We pick some Fellows every year, and we let them work with city management.
+Instead of sending them to the Third World, we send them to Ratio.
+And there they developed great apps, working with urban staff.
+But what they're really doing is to show what is possible with technology today.
+So you meet Al.
+Al is a fire hydrant in the city of Boston.
+Here it looks like he's looking out for a date, but what he really look for is someone who, when he is free-sharp, because he knows he's not very good at dying in the firefighter when he's covered in a fet.
+So how did he get to look for help in this particular way?
+We had a team of Fellows in Boston on the Institute for America's program.
+They were there in February, and it's been doing a lot of February.
+And they realized that the city never was looking out this fire hydrant.
+But a particular Fellow, a man named Erik Michael Michael's other guy, noticed something else, and that was the residents in front of them just slamming directly with these parts.
+So he did what any good developers would do, he wrote an app.
+It's a nice little app where you can adopt a fire hydrant.
+You agree to break it down if it snucks.
+If you do this, you can give him a name, and he called the first algal.
+If you don't do that, someone can take it away.
+So there's a nice little game dynamics.
+This is a humble little app.
+It's probably the smallest 21st of app that wrote the Fellows last year.
+But it does something that no other government does.
+It's spreading very rapidly.
+There's this guy in I.T., and the division of Honolulu, who's seen that he could use these apps, not for snow, but for the citizens of the tsunami to adopt citizens.
+It's very important that these tsunamis work, but they steal the batteries.
+So he got people to test them.
+And then Seattle decided that I would use the app to get citizens to get the clogged guerrillas.
+And Chicago has just introduced them to get people to kind of put a trawls in the Buick when they're out.
+We now know nine cities that are planning to use these apps.
+And it has been spread irreducible, organic, naturally.
+If you know anything about government technology, you're usually not going to run this way.
+It takes software to run a few years in the peer-reviewed process.
+We had a team who worked on a Boston project last year for the three-and-a-half months.
+It was a way of figuring out how to find the parents who are the right public schools for their children.
+We talked about it if it had been told about the regular canals, it would have taken over two years and it would have been running over two million dollars.
+And this isn't anything yet.
+There's a project in California now that the taxpayers cost two billion dollars, and it's not working.
+And there are projects like this one on every level of government.
+So an app that is written in a few days, and then spreads, is a kind of push-up, a pushes-in-the-shelf institution in the government's institution.
+It shows how the government could work better -- no longer how a private company does it think that many people should think.
+And not even technology, but rather like the Internet itself.
+And that means free access to it means evaluatively and productive.
+And that's important.
+But more importantly, this app is a new generation that represents the problem of government -- not as the problem of a holes, but as a collective action.
+And this is a very good news, because it turns out we're very good at collective action with digital technology.
+Now there's a large community of people who make the tools that we need to be effective at bringing things together.
+It's not justCode America, there are hundreds of people out there in the country who are writing up and writing government apps every day in their own communities.
+They haven't given up government.
+They're frustrated with it, but they're not complaining about it, they repair it.
+And these people know something we lost out of the eyes.
+And then, if you do all your feelings about politics and all the other things that we do, the real thing about is, in the core of Tim O'Reilly, in the word "What do you do together, we can't do alone."
+Today, a lot of people have given up the government.
+And if you're one of those people, I'd ask you to think about it, because things are changing.
+The policy doesn't change; the government is changing.
+And because the government finally gained its power from us -- remember, "We are you going to affect the people, how do we think this change is happening?"
+I didn't know very much about government when I started this program.
+And how many people I thought that the government is mainly about choosing people.
+Now, after two years, I've come to the conclusion that it is all about communicators.
+This is the call center for service and information.
+And you normally come out when you call into your town three11ties.
+If you've ever got a chance to work in your city-of-the-box centers like the Fellows of Scott Silverman -- in fact, they do this -- you see people calling government a lot of different problems including a prey in their house.
+So Scott gets this call.
+He's typing "syrlatte" into the official database.
+And he didn't really start an idea. He starts with the animal.
+And finally he says, "Look, you can just open all the doors in your house and play some very loud music and see if the violin looked off?"
+And that worked. Let's give Scott.
+But that wasn't the end of the prey.
+There's not just a call center in Boston.
+It has an app, a web app, a cell phone and cell phone, called theCiti Connects.
+We didn't write this app.
+This is the work that's very cleverly bright people at the office of the urban urban dough dough in Boston.
+One day -- this is a actual report -- this actually came in and said, "Site in my trash. Can't you tell if it's dead."
+How do I get it away?"
+But what happened to "Citizens Connect."
+Scott was oblivious to humanity.
+But on "Citizens," everything is public, so that anybody can see it.
+And in this case, it looked a neighbor.
+And the next post that we got there, I went over to that house.
+Are you with prey? Yes? Yap.
+Turns out the trash on the side. Ging home.
+Good night, sweetheart."
+Pretty simple.
+That's great. This is the digital now re-greening.
+And it's also a good example of how you get the government into crowdsourcing.
+But it's also a great example of the government as a platform.
+And I don't necessarily mean a technical definition of the platform.
+I'm going to talk about a platform for people to help themselves and to help others.
+One citizen helped another citizen, but the government was playing here a central role.
+And she connected those two people.
+And you could have assembled them with state benefits, if those were needed, but a neighbor is a far better and cheaper alternative to state services.
+If a neighbor helps to help others, we strengthen our communities.
+Let's call this animal, it costs a lot of money.
+One of the key things is that we need to think about this is that government is not the same as politics.
+And most people understand that, but they think that's one of the inputs.
+That our contribution to the system is voters.
+How often do we choose a political leader -- and sometimes we've taken a lot of energy to vote to choose a new political leader -- and then we live back and expect government to reflect on our values, and our needs aren't changing very much?
+That's because the government is like another ocean, and politics are the top 15 c.
+And what's below is what we call bureaucracy.
+And we use that word with such disasemblance.
+But it's this retaliation that we own, and for the one that we pay, something that will make us work against us, and then we'll defy ourselves.
+People seem to think politics is sexy.
+If we want this institution to work for us, we have to make bureaucracy.
+Because that is what the government work is happening.
+We need to get ourselves to the machine.
+So Occupythe movement did it.
+Did you see these guys?
+It's a group of concerned citizens who wrote a very detailed, 325 report, which is an answer to the ECMenemo Act.
+This is not political stuff. This is bureaucratic.
+Well, for those of us who have given up the government, it's time we think we have to think about the world we want to leave our children.
+You have to imagine the enormous challenges that they have to face.
+Do we really believe that what we need to do without the institution to make the institution better, of all of us?
+A government is absolutely necessary, but it needs to be more efficient.
+The good news is that technology can make it possible to reclaim the function of government in a way that actually gets it through society.
+And there's a generation that has grown up on the Internet, and the Internet knows that it's not that hard to do things together, you just have to build the right systems.
+So the average age of our Fellow is 28,, unfortunately, I'm older than most of them.
+This is a generation that grew up with her voice as a natural voice.
+They're not fighting this fight that we all fight, which is why they're allowed to speak.
+They can start to express their opinion to everybody else at any time, and they do it.
+So when they face the problem of government, they're not going to deal with it so much to use their voices.
+They use their hands.
+They use their hands to write applications that improves the government.
+And this app is bringing us our hands to improve our communities.
+This could be a fire hydrant, weeding weed, weeding a trash can to spin it with a yawlatte.
+And surely we could have put this firefight all the time up, and lots of people do.
+But these devices are like little digital memories that we are not just consumers, and we are not just consumers of government officials who are paying taxes and performance.
+We are more than that, we are citizens.
+And we're not going to improve government to improve citizenship.
+So the question that I have for all of you here: If it's the big, important things that we need to do together will all be a whole lot of voices, or will we be a lot of hands?
+Thank you.
+Usually my role is to explain to people how wonderful the new technologies that are going on, and I thought I'd be here with friends, I'd tell you what I really thought I was going to try and understand what's going on with those incredible spiders that happen so quickly we can't stop.
+So I'm going to start with, just for a second, a very boring slide.
+If you could have a show, please show the slide.
+This is a slide I chosen from my folder.
+I'm not talking about the details of the slide here, but rather the general shape.
+This slide shows you an analysis of a single analysis of how we actually over RISCause this performance by a physicist performance using a Local area.
+What's interesting here is that this slide, as you might expect others, is a kind of a semi-loglogist, in our field, is a kind of a semi-log curve.
+In other words, every step here is a power scale at the scale.
+And this is a new thing that we need to use on a semi-logist arithmetic in the area of technology.
+Something very strange is going on here.
+So this is basically what I'm going to talk about.
+So, if you could turn on the lights back on, please.
+Another bit brighter, because I'm going to draw something on the paper here.
+Now, why do we draw graphs in the technology of semi-logists?
+The reason for that is that if I were to draw it on a regular curve, where, say, this is the years, so this is sort of a kind of mass of technology that I want to make, this is a graph that will be silly.
+They look like this.
+And that doesn't tell us that much.
+Now, if I want to record another technology, let's say transport technology, this would be very un-arithmetic in a form of flat line.
+But if something like this happens, then this will change qualitative circumstances.
+So if we were to lower transportation technology like the microprocessor technologies, we could rise in a taxi, and we would be in 30 seconds in Tokyo.
+But it can't be that quick.
+There has never been a history of technology-driven, this kind of recursive growth that's going to increase exponentially for the next few years.
+So the question I want to ask you now is, if you look at these exponential curves, you can't go ahead and see them forever.
+It's not possible that everything is happening forever and so fast for them.
+There are two options.
+Either it's going to be a classic S-Hurve in there, until something new goes along, or it's going to happen here.
+It's sort of like this.
+Well, I'm an optimist, so I think something like this will happen here.
+Is this really the case, which means that we're right here in the middle of a transition.
+We're here on this line, in a resemblance of the world that's so far from a new way of doing it.
+So the question I'd like to ask myself and I often want to ask myself, is, how is this new world going to be?
+What is this new state of being able to slow down?
+Because transition seems like a very, very confusing thing to be in the middle of it.
+When I was a kid, I was still there somewhere in the year 2000 and people were talking about what was going to happen in the year 2000.
+Now we have a conference here where people talk about the future and you find out that the future is still in 2000.
+Don't let that go.
+So in other words, the future has been slashed by a year since I was here.
+I think the reason for this is because we see something going on here.
+The transition is happening. We can all feel it.
+And we know that it's not going to make sense right now to try to do 30 or 50 years into the future because everything else will be that a simple high-quality computation of what we're doing simply doesn't make sense.
+So I want to talk about what that might be, what we are in the process of right now.
+So to do that, I'm going to first talk about some other things that really have nothing to do with technology or computers.
+Because I really think that to understand this, we need to step back and look at it in a longer time scale.
+And that's what I want to look at over time on Earth.
+I think the total picture makes sense if you divide it into a few billion-dollar bill.
+So if we go back, and if you go back, 8,000 billion years, the Earth was a big, sterile rock with lots of chemicals on it.
+Now if you look at the way these chemicals organized, we have a pretty good picture of how they do it.
+I think there are theories that are beginning to understand how everything has started with RNA, but I'm going to tell you a little story which is made out of these little oiled spherical recipes, which sort of various types of recipes.
+Some of these elders had designed a special combination of chemicals that allowed them to integrate other chemicals and grow them.
+And everybody who was so passionate about these people started to divide themselves up.
+These little oil droplets were in the same sense the most primitive cells.
+But these oil droplets weren't alive in the sense of today because every single one of them was just a small recipe of chemicals.
+And each time it divided, the incredible chemicals in them have distributed lots of them.
+So each drop of the T.C. grew slightly different.
+In fact, the droplet that had an increase in the growth of an increase in the optimal composition faster than others, and more chemicals shared and more quickly.
+So they tend to survive longer, and they reproduced in greater outputs.
+So it's just a very simple chemical form of life, but interestingly, when these droplets have learned a trick.
+So, for some reason, we don't fully understand the kind of tidalp to the ability to write down any type of information.
+They've learned to store the recipe as information, and that's in a particular chemical form that we call DNA.
+In other words, they've gone into this unfinished, evolutionary way that allowed them to describe what they were up to, so that this information could be stored and copied.
+And the amazing thing about this is that this type of information store over the midst of 2.5 billion years ago, where it was being formed.
+In fact, the recipe for us, our genes, are exactly the same code and the same type of desk.
+And that is every being uses exactly the same letters and the same code.
+We're ready for just writing excitement within this code.
+And I have 100 micro-grams here of a female rogue that I'm trying to keep in the airports.
+And what I've done is I've taken this code -- it's this code -- it's made out of normal letters that we use to assemble -- and I've written my business card on a piece of DNA, and I've raised 10 times.
+So if anyone wants to put a hundred million copies of my business card, I have enough for everyone in this room, and everyone in the world, and it's right here.
+If I had been a egoist, I would have written it on a virus and put it in the room.
+So what's the next step?
+The DNA in writing was an interesting step.
+And that's what these cells used to do -- that made them happy for another billion years.
+But then another very interesting step in which the stuff was totally different, and that's when the cells started to communicate and exchange information, so that communities started to form cells.
+I don't know if you knew that, but bacteria can actually exchange their DNA.
+And that's why it's growing too, for example, antibiotics.
+Some bacteria have figured out how to stay away from penicillin, and have written this information with other bacteria in the DNA, and we've now got a lot of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin because the bacteria communicate with each other.
+That communication allowed the reasons, in a sense, to some of the same boat, they were sync.
+So they either survived or went together, which meant that if a community was successful, all individuals would be more likely to be repeated and preferd by evolution.
+The transition is now where these communities are, so close together they decided to write the recipe for the whole community into a sign on DNA.
+And the next interesting phase took about another billion years to build.
+And at this point, we have more cellular communities, from many different types of cells, which are interacting together as one organism.
+In fact, we're also a more cellular community.
+We have many cells that are gone on their own.
+Your skin cells are useless without heart cells, muscle cells, etc.
+So these communities began to evolve, so that the planes that occurred on what evolution was no longer the single cell, but the whole community of which we call organisms.
+The next step is happening within these communities.
+The cells, they started to abstract information.
+And they developed special structures that are doing nothing but processing information within the organism.
+And these are the neural structures.
+So the neurons are the processing systems of information that these cells have built.
+They started to educate specialists within the community, special structures, which were responsible for learning, understanding and sustain information.
+And this was the brain and the nervous system of these communities.
+This gave them an evolutionary advantage.
+Because at that point, an individual -- learning happened in the period of time in the lifespan of an individual organism, rather than through that evolutionary period.
+So an organism could learn, for example, that a certain fruit didn't eat, because she made bad and he ate it the last time he ate it.
+This could be done within the lifetime of an individual organism whereas hundreds of thousands of years of information were needed to be learned from the individual who had to die because of these fruit structures, because of the information processing systems.
+So the nervous system has really shifted the evolution of this particular information structure because evolution could now occur within an individual.
+It could take part inside of a time frame of learning.
+What happened then is that the individual organisms found a way to communicate with each other.
+Let's take an example, known as the most sophisticated version of these communications, human language.
+It's quite an amazing invention, when you think about it.
+I have a very complicated, messy and confused idea in my head.
+I'm sitting here, basically, gray notes from me, hoping to be able to create a similar idea in your mind that has some sort of resemblance to my original idea.
+So we take something very complicated, we turn it into sound, we create a sequence of sounds, and we make something very complicated in the head of others.
+So this allows us to do this again as a unified organism.
+And what we've actually done is we've started abstract.
+We go through the same stages that have gotten more than one -- the abstractions of our methods, our data, presenting the data.
+For example, the invention of language was a little bit in that direction.
+Phone, video, CD-ROMs, everything is our specialized mechanisms that we've built to allow this information to be in our community.
+And it's connecting all of us together to something that is much bigger, and also able to evolve faster than we have been.
+So, nowadays, evolution can happen in microseconds.
+You've seen Tyse evolution here, where he showed a little bit of evolution in the "Convolution program," right in front of your eyes.
+So now we've reconstructed the time scale.
+The first step in history that I told you took a billion years to play.
+The next step, like the nervous system and the brain, takes several hundred million years.
+Then, the next step, like language and so on, takes less than a million years.
+And then this next step, like electronics, seem to take a very few decades.
+The process itself is getting baffling and, I think, autonomously, is the word for it -- if something increases its velocity.
+The more things change, the faster it changes.
+And I think that's what we're seeing here in this explosion.
+We see the process that's feeding on itself.
+I have lived through building computers and I know that I could use the mechanism for building computers, not using computers recently in the computer technology.
+My current work is to design objects such a high complexity that it is impossible for me to design that traditional sense.
+I don't know what each individual transistor is doing in a connective machine.
+It's got billions of them.
+What I'm doing instead is making the design of a machine, we're thinking of a certain abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract abstract state of this machine and the machine will make something that will rise far and make our skills far better and faster than we could ever have.
+And it's partly done with some ways that we don't even understand.
+One way that's interesting is, and one that I've spent a lot of time in the last year, is evolution itself.
+And we're actually developing an evolution process in the machine which is running on the microseconds.
+To give you an example, in the most extreme cases, we can create a program that will evolve from random construction.
+We say, "Come, please generate a hundred million random sequences of random sequences of construction.
+Now, I want to ask all of these random, fancy constructions, all of the programs go out, and then pick the ones that I ended up calling."
+So in other words, I'm going to define what I want.
+Let's say I want to sort out numbers, and that's a simple example of which I've already used.
+So find out what the most number-one programs can be able to read.
+Of course, the chance of random constructions is very small, so they just sort of stifle numbers, so I don't think they actually do this.
+But one of the ones that might be lucky in the right order a little bit.
+Now I say, "Come, do they take the 10 percent of the sequence that I've thought about next.
+So I've got the memory up and down.
+Now reproduced all the remaining left that the numbers have best.
+And this is one way to combine the re-appropriating analogy."
+Take two programs and make them by exchange their Subroutines, and the children dying the features of subroutines from the two programs.
+So, I have come up with a new generation of programs that have come to the program a little closer to the task than anything else.
+Tell them, "Please get this process."
+Make them available.
+Maybe a few mutations.
+And let's try that again with another generation.
+All of these generations require a few milliseconds.
+And so, I can run evolution over a million years in the computer, or in just a few more minutes, or more complicated cases.
+Finally, I get to write programs that can perfect numbers.
+In fact, these programs are so much more efficient than any program I could have ever write.
+And when I look at these programs, I can't tell you how they work.
+I tried to understand them.
+They're so confused and so-called strange programs.
+But they get it done.
+I know, and I'm sure you're doing your job because they're coming out of a series of hundreds of thousands of programs that have done this job.
+Because their lives started to get off the job properly.
+I once put it in a 747-wheeler, and he says a card to him, "Oh, look at this. Look at this.
+There's a plane there, "This is a hundred thousand small motors that work together to make your flying sauce safe.'" Is that not to make you more confident?"
+We know that a process of development is not optimally difficult when it becomes complicated.
+So we're starting to rely on computers for a process that is different from the classic engineering process.
+It allows us to do things with greater complexity than it would allow us to make the normal method.
+And yet, we don't fully understand the possibilities of it.
+So, in a sense, the logic of the wing is what we like.
+We're using these programs now to make the computers much faster, so that we can do these processes even faster.
+So it creates a feedback.
+It's getting faster and faster, and I think that's why it seems so confusing.
+Because all these new technologies are feeding on itself now.
+We're going to cut off.
+We've come to a point where analogous is at that time when individuals have developed multi-resistant mechanisms that have evolved to be multi-resistant.
+So we're the amoeba, and we can't quite make the hell out of our own, and we're actually here with the creature.
+We are right in the middle of that transition.
+But I really do believe that something else comes to us.
+I think it's very, very difficult to say that we are the end product of evolution.
+And I think all of us here are part of the creation of whatever comes next.
+Well, the lunch is before I go, and I think I'm going to pick it up before I ever chose.
+My story starts right here in Rajasthan, about two years ago.
+I was under the starlight in the desert with Sufi monkotu Mukhtiar.
+We talked about this and we talked about it a little bit since the ancient Economist in India.
+When we wanted to travel Indians at the time, we would go to a car and we would scream at the sky.
+Now we're going to do it on an airplane.
+At the time when the great Indian War Ar Ar Ar Ar Ara Durst, he took an archaeologist, shot down the floor and water.
+Now we're going to do this with drills and machines.
+We came to the conclusion that magic and magic were replaced by machines.
+That really struck me.
+I was getting a little bit of fear of technology.
+I was afraid that I could lose the ability to enjoy the sun without a camera and without tweets.
+I felt that technology was going to make magic possible and not kill.
+When I was a little girl, my grandfather gave me his little narcosis.
+This piece of technology became the most magical thing for me for 50 years.
+She became a golden world of pirates and euthanized ship and sighted images in my mind.
+I thought it was like this when we were sending our watchs and cameras out of it.
+They kept us from being inspired.
+And so I went into the world of technology to see how I could use magicians rather than killing them.
+I started illustrate books with 16.
+When I saw the iPad, I saw it as a device to tell the storytellers to link all over the world.
+It can tell us how we think.
+It can know where we are.
+It bring images and text and animation, sound and touch.
+The story is always needed to tell more and more senses.
+But what are we going to do about it?
+I'm just going to go to Khoya, an interactive iPad.
+Here's, "Let your fingers turn on every light."
+And so -- "The box says, "This box..." " Daes I write my name.
+And it's a character in the book.
+Once again, a letter to me -- and the iPad knows where I live -- the right one is blown up.
+The child in me is really excited about the possibility.
+I talked a lot about magic.
+I don't mean magic and dragonflies, but the magic of childhood, the ideas that we all had as children.
+I always thought that I was really exciting when I was at a glass box.
+So you have to cut the iPad and put the fireflies out of it.
+And they're shining through the other book.
+Another idea that fascinated me as a child is that a entire galaxy can crate into a single Mura.
+And so every book in here will swab and every little world I put down here, on the magical device here.
+And this opens up a map.
+Fantasy books have always been maps, but these maps were static.
+This map grows and glows to the rest of the book.
+It turns out to be different from the book.
+I'm just going in here.
+It's also important for me to create something that is consistent, but also very contemporary.
+This is the Apsara.
+We've all heard of Feminis and Nymphs, but how many people outside of India know their Indian colleagues, the Apsara?
+The poor Apsara'sara'sara'sara'sara, indras chamber, were caught in an old book.
+And we bring them back, in a contemporary story for children.
+A story that's being faced with new issues like the environmental crisis.
+The environmental crisis, a big problem for the last 10 years, is that kids sit in their rooms at their computers, without getting out of it.
+But now with mobile technology, we can take our children into the natural world with their technology.
+In an interaction of the book, you're sent to search for a search, you have to go out and collect cameras of the iPad's cameras.
+As a child, I had collections of sticks, rocks, pebbles and smiles.
+It's not something kids do.
+This childhood ritual is taken back. You have to go out and take a picture of a flower and tag it.
+In another chapter, you have to tag a piece of rind images and tag them in a different chapters.
+So you can actually create a digital collection of photos you can then put online.
+A child in London shows the picture of a frog and says, "Oh, I saw a fox today."
+A child in India said, "I saw an ape.
+This is a kind of social network that's been done around a digital collection of photos that you actually recorded.
+There are a number of possibilities that combine magic and the world and technology together.
+So in the next book, we're going to do an interaction with the iPad, using an animation of Elfe, looking at an animation from Elfe, that's going to appear on a plant in front of the house.
+And then one place you fill it with leaves.
+You've got to make the noise of the wind, blowing away and read the rest of the book.
+We all move to a world where nature has a closeness of technology and can come closer and in magic and technology.
+We're using the energy of the sun.
+We bring our kids and we approach natural world, and at the magic, and the love of our childhood, through the simple medium of a story.
+Thank you.
+This is an extraordinary honor for me.
+I spend most of my time in people's investigation, in prison or death.
+I spend most of my time interacting with social-life things in social development and places where there's plenty of hopelessness.
+To be here at TED, and seeing how stimulated that is, has given me a lot of power.
+In the short time here, I realized one thing: TED has an identity.
+You can say things that have a global impact.
+And sometimes, when something comes to TED, it gets a meaning and power it wouldn't otherwise.
+I say that because I believe identity is very important.
+We've seen some fantastic presentations.
+I think we've learned that the words of one teacher matter, but these are the words of a committed teacher.
+You can do good as a doctor, but you can do more than that.
+And so I want to talk about the power of identity.
+I didn't learn that in my work as a lawyer.
+I learned this from my grandmother.
+I became a family, a traditional African American household dominated by a matriarch, and this matriarch was my grandmother.
+She was a weapon, strong woman, she had effect.
+She had the last word in every family.
+It was also the starting point of many arguments in our family.
+She was the daughter of a slave family.
+Their parents were born in the 1840s in Virginia, as slaves.
+She was born around 1880, and the experience of slavery came out of her world very strong.
+My grandmother was strong, but she was also loving.
+When I met her as a young boy, she came up to me and hugd me.
+She was squeaking that I could barely breathe, and she let me go.
+One or two hours later, when I met her, she came up to me and said, "Bryan, do you feel my hug?"
+And when I said no, she hugs me again. If I said, "Yes," she left her alone.
+She was something she did, that always wanted to be near her.
+The only problem was they had 10 kids.
+My mother was the youngest of her 10 children.
+Sometimes, when I wanted to spend time with her, it was hard to get her attention.
+My cousin ran all over the place.
+I remember having to be eight or nine years old, walking into the living room all my cousins was running around.
+My grandmother was sitting at the end of the room, staring at me.
+First of all, I thought that was a game.
+I looked at them, and smiled, but she looked very serious.
+This went like this, at 20 minutes or 20 minutes, and she stood up and she came over to me and she said, "Come on my hand, Bryan. You, and I'm going, we have to talk."
+I remember when it was yesterday.
+I will never forget it.
+She took me outside and she said, "Bryan, I'll tell you something, but you have to promise you won't be here."
+I said, "Tell out, Grandma."
+She said, "Yeah, sir." I said, "Yes."
+She sat down and looked at me. She said, "I want you to know I've watched you."
+She said, "I think you're special."
+She said, "I think you can do anything you want to do."
+I will never forget that.
+Then she said, "You just need to promise me three things, Bryan."
+I said, "OK, Oma.
+She said, "When I get through the first thing you're going to love your mom."
+She said, "Your mom's my baby and you've got to promise you're going to take care of her."
+I adore my mother, so I said, "Yes, Grandma, I'm going to do that."
+Then she said, "But she's the next thing you're going to do, and I'm always going to get people to do the right thing, and it's going to be hard to do right."
+And I thought, "Yes, Grandma. I promise."
+And finally she said, "The last thing you have to promise me is you don't want alcohol."
+Well, I was nine years old, and so I said, "Yes, Granda. I promise."
+I grew up in the country, in the old South, and I have a brother, who is one year older and a year younger sister.
+When I was about 14, or 15 years old, my brother came home one day and brought this Siberian with me and went and took my sister.
+We were just lying around there as otherwise.
+And then he took a beer beer and offered to my sister one, and she took one and offered me.
+I said, "No, no, no. Just kidding. Just do I want to give you a beer."
+My brother said, "Well, let's do that today, but you're going to do everything we do.
+I had what your sister had, go, drink a beer."
+I said, "I don't want to do it. Just do it. Just do it."
+My brother died of me.
+He said, "What's wrong with you?" Now, you drink.
+And then he looked me down and he said, "Oh no, don't you still do crazy about the conversation with Grandma?"
+I said, "What's the point?"
+He said, "Oma tells everybody that they are special."
+I was devastated.
+I'll get a little twist on you.
+I probably shouldn't.
+This might be transmitted by public.
+I am 52 years old, and I've never had a drop of alcohol.
+I'm not saying it because I think it's virtuous, I say, because identity means power.
+If we create the right kind of identity, we can tell people around us things that they don't believe.
+We can get them to do things they thought they couldn't do.
+Of course, my grandmother would say all her grandkids is something special.
+My grandfather had been a baboon during the prison.
+My uncle died of alpha Qaeda.
+And they believed these were the issues that we needed to take care of.
+I tried to say something about our own justice system.
+This country is different than 40 years ago.
+In 1972, 300,000 people were in prison and in jail.
+Today, it's 2.3 million.
+The United States today has the highest incarceration rate in the world.
+Seven million people are terrified and allowed to impose or to be a punishment.
+In my opinion, mass incarceration has changed our world.
+In social and black parts of the population, desperation and hopelessness, because of these changes.
+One in three male black men between 18 and 30 is in prison, leaving out of prison or able to deal with law enforcement.
+In urban communities across the country -- from Los Angeles to Baltimore -- they're 50 to 60 percent of all black men in Haft, either in prison, in prison, in prison, or have to be defecating with law enforcement.
+But our system is not only shaped by questions that have to do with race, it's also driven by poverty.
+We have this system in this country that you can get much better treated if you are richer and guilty of being poor and innocent.
+wealth, not debt, is influenced the outcome.
+But nevertheless, we seem to be quite pleased with it.
+One policy that we have of fear and anger is what we believe are not the problems that are not our problems.
+We have lost touch.
+And I think that's interesting.
+There are some highly-intentioned developments.
+My home state of Alabama embodies you a permanent choice if you judge yourself.
+Here in Alabama, 34 percent of the male population have lost their election rights in Alabama.
+We predict that in 10 years, the quota of civic honors will be as high as the previous election law enforcement officials.
+The silence is numb.
+I'm a child.
+Many of my clients are very young.
+The United States of America is the only country in the world, who sentenced three-year-old children to jail.
+In this country, for children, there are life-saving Hadron Colliders without law enforcement.
+We've already had a lot of devices going on.
+The only country in the world.
+I see that people become very much in the death condition.
+The question of death is an interesting question.
+We think that because we were taught this question, that it was true that a human being once was extinction, did it make a crime?
+This is a very sensitive question.
+But you can think differently about how we see our identity.
+The other point is, isn't anybody deserve a crime, but what did we deserve to kill?
+I think that's fascinating.
+The death penalty in America is defined by death.
+In nine people we put on, we have one that we have invented for innocent, that was harmed and out of death row.
+An amazing mistake. One in nine innocent of them was innocent.
+I think that's fascinating.
+We would never fly anyone with an airplane if they were to come off a plane, a tinker with a twry.
+But somehow, we manage to use this problem to solve it.
+It's not our problem.
+It's not our burden.
+It's not our fight.
+I'm talking a lot about those questions.
+I'm talking about race and the question, is we have the right to kill.
+And it's exciting because I teach my students African-American stories. I talk about slavery.
+I'm talking about terrorism, the era of remembrance, all the way back to the beginning of World War II.
+We don't really know a lot about it.
+But for African-American in this country, it was a time of terror.
+In many places in the world, people were afraid of lyno, you know.
+Or bombs.
+It was the fear of terror that caused her life.
+These older people come up to me now and say, "Make Stevenson, you speak, you should stop telling people that we should stop doing it for the first time in our nation's history: after 9/11."
+They say, "No, you know, they grew up with it."
+And after terrorism, of course, the lawnmower and decades of racial motivating understatement and apartheid.
+And yet, in our country there's a dynamic -- We don't really like to talk about our problems.
+We don't like to talk about our story.
+And so we don't really understand the meaning of our actions in the historical context.
+We are constantly slapping together.
+We're always creating new tensions and conflict.
+It's hard for us to talk about race, and I think that's because we don't want to get close to the process of truth and reconciliation.
+In South Africa, people understood that the lawn was not an impostor without a willingness to truth and reconciliation.
+Even after the genocide in Rwanda, we had this willingness, but not in this country.
+I've been speaking several talks about death row in Germany.
+It was fascinating because one of the scientists stood up after my talk and said, "You know, it's too disturbing, you listen to this talk."
+He said, "There is no death penalty in Germany.
+And of course, in Germany, she can never give more.
+It became silent, and then a woman said, "You're impossible to do it again that we would ever kill ourselves the systematic daughters of people.
+It would be something that is aware of us and consciously bring to people."
+I thought about it.
+How it would feel if there was a world where German state was predicting a lot of people, especially if there were a lot of Jews.
+It would be inexhaustible.
+It would be a bit like some.
+And yet, here in this country, in the old South Bronx, we do get people -- here is the risk of death, for the better than if it's white, 22 times the Angry black and white victims -- in the same state, in the same state, the same people who live on Earth are more likely to die.
+And yet, there is a mental sphere.
+I think our identity is threatened.
+If we don't deal with it, hard themes, then the positive and wonderful things are also affected.
+We love innovation.
+We love technology and creativity.
+We love entertainment.
+But eventually, these realities become overwhelmed by suffering, abuse, disintegration.
+I think it's important for me to combine both.
+Because ultimately, we're talking about the fact that we need more hope, more commitment, to be able to insist on a complex world.
+To me, that means time to think and to think about and talk about the poor, the people who are never going to be at TED.
+But thinking in ways that is integrated into our own lives.
+We all have to believe in the end things we can't see.
+We do. It's how rational we are, too, to estimate.
+Innovation, creativity, development is not just coming from our heads.
+They come from ideas that are driven by our hearts as well.
+It's this head-to-peer connection that I believe will be open to us not only for all the bright and mastery things, but also for the dark and problematic.
+Vaclav Havel's great politician, once said.
+"When we fight in Eastern Europe against oppression, we wanted everything we needed, but what we needed most was hope, a sangutans, sometimes to be hopeful in places and stuff, and stuff."
+And that ephemerald mentality is the essence of what I believe must also be the TED community.
+There's no resemblance to technology and design that allows us to be totally human and not be as long as we have eyes and ears for poverty and injustice and injustice.
+I want to warn you. This kind of identity requires a lot more of us than when we didn't care about it.
+It becomes deeply touch.
+As a young lawyer, I've had the privilege of meeting Rosa Parks.
+So, M. Parks came back to Montgomery, where she met two of her oldest friends, Johnni Carr who had organized the Montgomeryspe -- one incredibly African-American emailed, one individual Durk, a white husband, Clifford Duror. King.
+So these women were just coming under the wall.
+And then, a woman named Carry who then called me and said, "Bryan, woman comes into the city. We want to talk about it.
+Do you want to come and listen?"
+And I said, "Yeah, I really like that."
+And she said, "And what are you going to do if you're here?"
+I said, "I'll listen."
+And I went over and I just heard.
+It was always so inspiring, you know.
+One day, I was sitting there listening to these women and a few hours after a woman turned around to me and told us, "Well, Bryan, tell me what the esative right is for similarity.
+What are you trying to do?"
+I started my usual talk.
+I said, "We're trying to tackle injustice.
+If people want to help, people who were innocent would be sentenced.
+We want to fight and discrimination in the criminal justice system.
+We want to live lifelong prison-freefree, where we can create no punishment for children.
+We want to do something about death row.
+We want to lower the number of times.
+We want to take mass destruction."
+I gave my usual talk, and then she looked at me and said, "Mmmy. Mh.
+She said, "That's going to be very, very tired."
+And then a woman in front of me sat down and he put a finger on my face and said, "And you have to be very, very brave."
+And so I think that the TED community should be brave.
+We have to find ways to face those challenges: those problems, this suffering.
+Because ultimately, our humanity depends on our own mortality.
+I learned very simple things in my work.
+I learned a couple of very simple things.
+that all of us are more than the worst thing we've ever done.
+I think it's true of every human being on the planet.
+If somebody lying, he's not just a liar.
+If someone takes something that doesn't hear it, he's not just one.
+Even if you're killing somebody, it's not just a murderer.
+And because it's such a fundamental human dignity that has to respect the law.
+I also believe that in many parts of this country and certainly in many parts of the world, the opposite of poverty is not wealth.
+I don't think so.
+I believe that in many places, the opposite of poverty is justice.
+And finally, I believe that although it's so dramatic and so inspiring, and so at the end of our technology, we're not measuring things we're not developing, not developing and mind.
+Ultimately, a society is measured not by how they are treated and powerful and privilege, but by how they are treated with the poor, the prejudices.
+Because in that context, we are really beginning to understand the most amazing things that make us up.
+Sometimes I lose weight. One story at the end.
+Sometimes I push too much.
+I'm tired of how we all.
+Sometimes these ideas propose to our thinking in a very important way.
+I am embracing these children who were sentenced to very hard times.
+I go to prison in prison and visit a client who is 13 or 14 years old, and the adult is supposed to be a trial.
+Then I'm thinking, how could this happen?
+How can a judge turn someone into something that he's not?
+The judge looked at him as an adult, but I see a child.
+One night, I stayed up and thought, if my goodness could turn us into something else, then magic forces must have.
+Right, Bryan, the judge has magic forces.
+You should want whatever you want.
+And because it was late, and I couldn't really think of it, I started working on a Antrag.
+I had a 14-year-old poor black boy when there was a client.
+And I started with this square. "As the magazines magazines, my poor man, 14-year-olds, black-olds, white, 75-year-olds, 75-olds started treating "Remember."
+I explained that mistrust and police departments are inherently biased.
+There was a crazy line of things about the fact that in this country, there's nothing left to be wrong.
+And I woke up the next morning and I didn't know if I'd really dreamed of this crazy thing or actually writing it.
+And to my design, I didn't just write it, but I sent him to the courts.
+A few months ago, I had just forgotten everything.
+But eventually, I decided, well, my God, I have to wear in court, and I have to wear this crazy case.
+I got in the car and I was really overwhelmed.
+So I went to the court.
+And I thought, it's going to be so hard, so painful.
+Eventually, I got out of my car and I walked up the stairs.
+And when I got up the stairway, there was an elderly man, a janitor in the court.
+When he saw me, he came over to me and said, "Who are you?"
+I said, "I'm a lawyer." He said, "You're a lawyer?" I said, "Yes."
+He came to my place and hugged me.
+Then he whispered to me.
+He said, "I'm so proud of you."
+And I have to say, there was power.
+It touches something deeply in me, identity, the ability to contribute something to a community, to a perspective of hope.
+Well, I'm looking at the courtaal.
+Once the judge saw me.
+And he said, "Are Stevenson, did you put this crazy bill?"
+I said, "Yes." And then we started to argue.
+More people would come in and just get in because they were angry.
+I had written these crazy things.
+Policebes came in and they put a recovery of state-owned enterprises and office workers.
+In the hand, the court base was filled with people who knew that we were talking about skin color, about inequality.
+From my slum, I saw the janitors' house, and I leave.
+He kept watching the window over and over again, he could hear the whole dead.
+He went up and down.
+Eventually, this older man came to a very worried look on the courtroom, and sat right behind me, almost to defense bank.
+Ten minutes later, the judge paused.
+And during the break, a policeman walked in, and they were disturbing that the janitors was in the court.
+This Deputy running over to the older black.
+He said, "Jimmy, what are you doing in the courtship?
+The older black man stood up. He looked at the Deputy, and he looked at me, and he said, "I've come here to tell you that young man, sn't making the target. Don't give up.
+I came to TED because I think many of you have understood that the moral pendulum in the universe is far from its comprehensible, but that it is a matter of justice.
+That we as humans are not completely evolved until we're not caring for human rights and for basic resources.
+That our very survival with each individual survival is connected to it.
+That we need to connect our visions of technology and design, of entertainment and creativity, of humanity, of justice.
+And most of all, I want you to look at those that are also seeing, just don't say the goal, don't give up.
+You've seen this audience here, this community, a apparent wish, and they've come to help you and do something.
+What else can we do?
+Bryan Stevenson: Well, there are opportunities everywhere.
+If you live in California, there's a modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modest modesty where it's about doing something about the money current who's going to run into politics.
+So here in California, for example, you're going to spend a billion dollars in death for the next five years. A billion dollars.
+And yet, 46 percent of all killing is not inequities.
+56 percent of all rape crashes do not get to court.
+There's a chance to do something here.
+That reference to what's going to suggest is, it's going to be more security and safety.
+I think there are possibilities everywhere.
+Over the past three decades, crimes has grown in America.
+This fact often goes into a context with retaliation rates.
+What would you say to somebody who believes that?
+Well, in fact, the number of violence has not changed very much.
+Most of the mass detriment in this country did not really find its class of violence.
+It was the misguided intersection against drugs.
+So the dramatic numbers come from the prison population.
+We've sucked from the rhetoric of punishment.
+Now we've got "Didling trawling" laws that people always bring behind bars for a bicycle, for the thorny stuff, rather than giving them back to the victims.
+I think we need to do more to help people who have become a punishment of a punishment, not less.
+And I think our current punishment is not going to help anybody.
+I think that's what we need to change.
+Bryan, you've actually got a hall to vibration here.
+They are an inspiring personality.
+Thank you so much for coming to TED. Thank you.
+Narrator: Bin Laden's death is a increased risk of risk.
+Narrator 2: Famine in Somalia. Narrator: Oops the police.
+Narrator 4: bowhead. Narrator: Insight of five cruises.
+Narrator: Number six. Narrator: Number seven.
+Narrator: Sixty-two tsunamis. Narrator: Cyber luta.
+Narrator: Drug War. Mass.
+recession. Difsday. Syria.
+Krise. Tod. Katrina's disaster.
+Oh my God.
+So these are just a couple of clips I've collected over the last six months -- it could have been the last six days, or the last six years.
+The fact of the matter is that media prefers to show us negative issues because our mind tries to communicate this very issue.
+And there's a very good reason for that too.
+Every second our senses are starting to catch more information on our brain than ever before.
+And because we're not more important than our survival, the first stop for all of this information is part of our pace of amputated amygdala.
+So the amygdala is our early warning systems, our threat to our danger.
+It's sweeping and pervasive information from the common ground for any kind of danger that we have.
+So if we see the news, we prefer to look for negative news.
+And the old saying, "if it bleeds, the demand is real."
+Now with all our digital devices, seven days a week, the seven days a week we're bringing in the negative news, it's not a miracle that we're pessimistic.
+It's no wonder that everybody thinks that the world's going to be worse.
+But perhaps that's not the case.
+Perhaps that's reality.
+Perhaps the tremendous progress that we've made in the last century have made in a number of forces so strong that it's going to allow us to create a world of abundance.
+Now, I'm not saying we don't have big problems -- climate crisis, species and water and energy problems -- we already have that.
+And as humans, we're far better at seeing problems in a very long way, but ultimately they're too crowded.
+Let's see what we've achieved over the last century so we can predict the development.
+Over the past hundred years, average life expectancy has more than doubled, average income per million people in the world has tripled.
+Child mortality has reduced by a tenth of a child.
+And what's happening is that the food companies, electricity and communications costs are reducing at a high cost.
+Steve Pinker has shown us that we are living in a very peaceful history of people.
+And according to Charles Kenny, the literacy rate of literacy has gone up from about 25 percent to 80 percent in the last 80 years.
+We live in a truly extraordinary time.
+And a lot of people forget this.
+And we are increasing our expectations all the time.
+In fact, we've redefined poverty.
+Remember that a large fraction of Americans who live below the poverty line have access to electricity, water, toilets, TV, mobile phones, air conditioners and cars.
+The richest capitalists of the last century, the vaccines of the Earth, could never have dreamed of such luxury.
+The foundation for many of these technologies form, and they are growing wider.
+My good friend Ray Kurzweil showed us that every tool that's going to be making information technology at Moore's Law's Law's Law's Law's Law's Law's Law's Law's Law, and he's doublings the price performance patient by 24 months.
+That's why mobile phone costs about a million times less than a supercomputer from the '70s.
+Now look at this curve.
+That's Moore's Law's Law last hundred years.
+Notice two things about this curve.
+First, it's almost like a gunshot -- in good times, war or peace, recession, depression and high-quality output.
+That's the result of faster computers building faster computers.
+They slowed down for no major problems.
+And also, despite their logarithmic course, it's going to be on the left.
+So the rate of growth is accelerating.
+And on this curve, on Moore's back, we find a whole bunch of extraordinary technologies that are available for everyone.
+"Cloud computer" is something that my friends define in cars, sensors and networks, robots, 3D printing, which allow you to impose on the personal production of our planet to democratize synthetic biology, genetics, nano-engineered medicine and artificial intelligence.
+How many of you have seen the victory of IBM's supercomputers at Watson?
+That was a good thing.
+I painted the paper, I looked for the best headlines I could find.
+I love that "Only witness is human opponents."
+So, risk-taking is not an easy game.
+It's about understanding the language of speech.
+Imagine that artificial intelligence makes every cell phone available.
+Four years ago, Ray Kurzweil and I started a new university at TED calledularity University.
+We teach all of our students to be on how to be able to resolve the grand challenges of humanity.
+And every year we ask the students to create products and services that can make more positive within a decade of a billion-dollar lives.
+Think about it for a group of students to impact the lives of billions of people today.
+Thirty years ago, this would have been ridiculously listening.
+Today we can prove dozens of companies that have done this.
+When I think about creating abundance, I don't mean a life of luxury for everyone on the planet; it's about creating a life of possibilities.
+It's about creating out of scarce goods.
+And that being a context is in context, and technology is a liberating force.
+Here's an example.
+This is the story of Napoleon III, the middle of the 18th century.
+He's the guy on the left.
+He invited the king from Siam to dinner.
+Napoleon's soldiers got silver-Bests, Napoleon themselves had gold-Bests.
+But the king of Siam, actually, got aluminum shells.
+aluminum was the most valuable metal on the planet at the time, valuable than gold andlatin.
+This is why the dome has been set up from aluminum cliffs.
+Although aluminum is one percent of the Earth's mass, it's not as pure metal.
+It's connected by oxygen and chicken.
+But then the technology of the electrolyse was developed and made aluminum so affordable that we use it to our way of using non-human reality.
+Then let's make this analogy into the future.
+We now think of energy as a function of energy.
+Ladies and gentlemen, we live on a planet with 5,000 times more energy than we use every year.
+16 terawatts of power 88 minutes, all 88 and a half minutes later on the surface of the Earth.
+It's not a feeling of interdependence, that's a remorse.
+And there's good news.
+In that year, the first one who managed to reduce the cost of solar power in India was 50 percent of the diesel -- namely, 17 rupees compared to 17 rupees.
+The cost of solar energy in the last year has dropped by 50 percent.
+Last month, MIT just released a study showing that by the end of this decade, at the southern metric-pound solar power, compared to 15 cents a national average.
+And if we have an energy surplus, then we'll have water over time.
+Let's talk about water fire.
+Remember, when Carl Sagan the Voyager vehicle was over in Saturn, sank back towards Earth?
+He took a famous picture. How does it mean?
+"A Pale Bluet."
+Because we live on a water plan.
+We live on a planet with 70 percent of it covered.
+Yes, there are 97 percent saltwater, 2 percent are dry, and we're fighting about 0.5 percent of the water on the planet, but there's also hope.
+And there are new technologies, not in 10 or 20 years now, but now.
+It's new nanotechnology on the way, nano-structures.
+And in a conversation with Dean Kaman this morning, one of the innovators of the Do Your Itilaru, I want to share with you -- he gave me the permission -- his technologists, his "Slingshot," which many of you may have heard about. It's a refrigerator on the students.
+It can produce thousands of liters of clean water a day from different sources of water -- whether salt water, polluted water, latrine -- and all that can be less than two cents a liter.
+And the head of Coca-Cola has just launched a big test project with hundreds of units in the developing world.
+And if everything is going well, and I'm extremely confident, then Coca-Cola is going to apply this technology to 206 global in 206 countries around the world.
+This is technology-building, which is today.
+And we've also seen this in mobile phones.
+You know, my goodness, we're going to reach 70 percent of mobile phones in developing countries to the end of 2013.
+Just consider that a mass telegraph with a cell phone in the middle of Kenya is a better cell phone than President Reagan was 25 years ago.
+And when they're out with their smartphone on Google, they have more access to knowledge and information as president Clinton 15 years ago.
+They live in a world which has information and communication in the way no one could ever have predicted it.
+And it's even better, the things that you and I spent several thousand dollars on -- GPS, high-quality video and libraries, library-quality books and music, now being a medical-powered, literally becoming extinct, in your mobile phone.
+And the best part about this is possibly what we expect in health.
+I've been working on a joy of mine last month with the Qualcomm Foundation called the$ Qualcomm million XS Prize.
+We demand teams around the world, and we rehearse all these technologies to connect to one cell phone so that you can talk to the devices, because it's AI with your AI in a pool of blood, and you can test your blood sugars.
+And to win, the device has to be able to provide better diagnosis than a team of high-quality doctors.
+Imagine this device in the middle of the developing country where there are no doctors, but 25 percent of the disease burden and 1.3 percent of the health care worker.
+When this device sequences a RNA or DNA virus that doesn't know, it prevents the health agency from preventing a outbreak.
+But now for the greatest force that we're going to lead to a world of abundance.
+I call it "the billions."
+The white lines are population.
+We just passed the seven billion market users.
+And by the way, the largest single explosion against population is a better education and food education in the whole world.
+By 2010, we had just connected two billion people online to one another by 2010.
+By 2020, we're rising from two billion to five billion Internet users.
+Three billion new buttons that we've never heard before will join the global communication.
+What do these people need?
+What are they going to consume? What will they honor?
+And instead of economic still I see one of the great economic slums of history.
+These people represent several trillion dollars that are going to flow into the global economy.
+And they're going to be able to use the microcoders and make them better, and so they're going to have the possibility of having 3D printers and the computing systems, and be much more productive than they ever have before.
+So what can three billion growing, healthy, educated members of the community?
+It would be like a set of new voices never heard before.
+What about this would be, for the oppression, wherever they are, a voice, to allow for the first time to build a voice and change?
+What are these three billion people going to bring to?
+How about contributions we can't even predict?
+One of the things that I learned through X PRIZE is that small teams that can be motivated by passion and focus, can create extraordinary things that big businesses and governments have only done in the past.
+I want to close with a story that really excites me.
+There's a program that some of you may know about.
+It's a game called the Foldit.
+It was developed at the University of Washington in Seattle.
+And it's a game where people can take a sequence of amino acids to figure out how the protein will evolve.
+The more we can predict the structure of how it works, and how it works.
+And this is very important in medicine.
+So far, this has been a supercomputer.
+And this game was played by university professors and so on.
+And there are hundreds of thousands of people who have played the game online.
+And it showed that today, human pattern detections folds better than the best supercomputer.
+And when these guys came and watched, who is the best protein in the world, was not a MIT professor, not an CalTechn student from England, Manchester, a woman who was working as an assistant at the time in a business clinical trial, and was the best protein company in the world.
+Ladies and gentlemen, what I have come to realize in the future is the fact that we have more power than individuals to face the major challenges we have in the world.
+We have access to tools that are exponentially technology.
+We have the passion for a DIY innovator.
+We have the capital of the techno-philanthropist.
+And we have three billion new heads that we can work online to master the new challenges, and to do what it takes.
+We expect a few extraordinary decades.
+Thank you.
+I think we have to change something about a medical culture.
+And I think it starts with a medical record, and I am.
+And maybe, for a long time, I've been in business enough that I can allow myself a piece of my own wrong prestige to make this happen.
+But before I do that, let's start off with some baseball.
+Hey, why not?
+We are near the end, moving toward the world championship.
+We all love baseball, right?
+baseball is full of great statistics.
+And there are hundreds of them.
+And theMoneyball is about to appear and turn to the statistics, and to use it to make a great baseball team.
+I'm going to take a look at a statistic that I hope most of you have heard this before.
+It's the average performance of the bat.
+We're talking about a 300-dollar bat when a bat hit the ground.
+That means the player's safe to beat three gills.
+That is, the ball hits the field, and he's not caught, and he's not going to try to drop the ball in, and he's not able to throw it in time and the L.A.'s for safety.
+Three out of 10.
+Do you know what they call a 300-person baseball baseball baseball baseball in Major?
+All right, really good, maybe a All-Start.
+Do you know what they call a 400-day-old?
+That's someone who hits the rest of the 10 by the way.
+Legend: Well, like Ted Williams on legend, the last Major League baseball players hit the rain season over 400 times.
+So let's move back into my medical world, where I feel a few that I've been talking about, maybe a little less well-being that I talked to you about.
+So if you've taken a blindfold on this, and you're proven to be a surgery of an operation, the average performance is about 400 percent accountable.
+That sort of doesn't work, does it?
+Imagine if you're in a particular area, and you've had a clogged heartbeat, and your doctor has a clogged heart rate of clogged those at a time that average performance is about 200.
+But you know what?
+It's much better this year. It's rising on the rising up.
+And it's a two-by-two-three.
+It doesn't work that way.
+But I'll ask you one question.
+What do you think the average performance is like a cardiologist or a nurse or a slur, a birthplace, a most rage?
+1,000, very good.
+The truth is that nobody in all the medical medicine knows what a good surgeon or doctor or rescue.
+What we do, however, is be connected to each of you, including me, stepping into the world out of the perfect one.
+No one ever makes a mistake, but no one makes a think of the details of how this works.
+And that's the message that I took to graduate school.
+I was an compulsiastically student.
+In high school, he once said that Brian Goldman would learn for a blood test.
+And it did.
+And I learned in my little roof tor at the sisters at the Toronto Hospital, unloaded from here.
+I learned everything from memory.
+In my anatomy, I learned the origins and procedures and each muscles, each branch, a branch that's doing just from the aorta, obsession and ordinary differential equations.
+In fact, the differential equation was known for reshape tubulter at the neo-febone.
+And all the time I collected more and more.
+And I was good, I took off with cumbersome.
+And I left school with the notion of medical students in case I knew anything, or at least as much as possible, that I was able to make the case that I was in power.
+And it worked for a while until I met printers.
+I was resigned from a teaching hospital in Toronto to be a woman to be an emergency room in the hospital.
+And at that point, I was actually a mapped layer of evidence-based telephone.
+And it was my mission to find the case that if you looked at the emergency rooms, you would find the if you would study patients.
+And feedback to my lane.
+I studied some printers, and she was in breathing.
+And when I heard her listen, she made noise.
+And when I heard her chest steward on the stethoscope, I could hear a burrowing sound erupting on both sides, saying that she was suffering under a heart failure.
+This is a condition where the heart is failed, instead of pumping all of the blood, a part of the blood flow in the lungs, just kept moving over, and filling it up, this came short.
+And that was not a difficult diagnosis.
+I hired them, and I went to the treatment.
+I gave her a diet, I gave her medicine to take the pressure from my heart.
+I gave her medicine, which we call Diure, water tablet, put it out of the fluid.
+And over a period of time one and a half to two hours, she started feeling better.
+I felt really good.
+And that's when I made my first mistake, I sent her home.
+I actually made two mistakes.
+I sent her home without speaking to my thigh.
+I didn't take the phone, and I did what a call to my high school teacher would have been to tell him that he had a chance to get himself a chance.
+And he knew that he was able to navigate the information that was coming.
+Maybe I did it for a good reason.
+Maybe I didn't want to be the help of a doctor's office.
+Maybe I wanted to be so successful and able to have access to it, and so I was able to provide it with my patients without having to contact them.
+My second mistake was worse.
+And by doing that, I was sending them home, I was sending them a little obliterate voice in me trying to tell me, "Goldman, no good idea. Do not."
+I really haven't really been missing this much in my mind that I asked the nurse, what pressure is, "Do you think this is okay if she goes home?"
+And the nurse thought about it and said, in fact, "Sure, I think it's going to be okay."
+I remember it as if it was yesterday.
+So I signed the drewroops, and a ambulance and a ambulance service, and they brought them home.
+And I went back to work.
+The rest of the day I had this shard of feelings in my stomach.
+But I kept working.
+And I finally grabbed my stuff away at the end of the day, and went to the parking lot to drive home when I did something that I didn't do.
+I went away from my house on my way home.
+And there was another nurse, who was a nurse, not one of the nurse's pressures, but one in three words, and those three words for me most not to acknowledge the emergency room.
+Other medicine is a real deal for the medical medicine, but it's particularly vulnerable because we only see patients a little bit of a pain.
+The three words are: Are you with?
+"Do you remember the patient sending home?"
+He said, "The nurse does."
+"Now she's back," she said in that particular sound.
+So she was back.
+She was back and she was dying.
+About an hour after they got home, after I sat down, they collapsed, and the family collapsed, and 911 said they had a blood pressure from the emergency room with a solitary pressure of 50, which is a dangerous shock.
+She was barely breathed and he was blue.
+The emergency staff moved all the strands.
+They gave blood pressure.
+They decided to put them on the beat machine.
+I was shocked, I was shocked and I was crushed.
+And I lived through that rollercoaster because she went to the intensive care unit, and I hoped that she would recover.
+And after two days, three days of age it realized you would never wake up.
+She had not had a burgeoning brain damage.
+Her family gathered together.
+And over the course of the next eight or nine days, they gave themselves a drink.
+On the day nine, they had them go -- woman, a mother, a grandmother and grandmother.
+They say you never forget the names of the extinction.
+And this was the first time I ever learned this.
+The next week, I made a sketches, and I learned for the first time about the unhealthy shame that exists in our culture -- I felt isolated, not the kind of healthy shame that one can’t feel because you can’t talk to the colleagues.
+You all know the healthy shame, if you give a secret to your best friends, even though that's an impassioned and you encounter one and the best friend wiggle whacks you, and it just takes you to a terrible discussion, but when you leave the end of your heartbeat and you leave out of your fault, you don't make you flaw that kind of mistake.
+If you do repeat, and you never make mistakes again.
+That's the kind of educational shame.
+The inexplicable way I'm talking about is the one inside the ill.
+It's the one who says one that's not what you did, it's bad, it's your own.
+And that's what I felt.
+And it wasn't why I had a meeting on my upper hand. He was very dear.
+He was talking to the family, and I'm sure he was leaving the clouds, and I didn't think I wasn't going to leave.
+But I kept asking these questions.
+Why didn't I ask the head? Why do I send her home?
+And then my worst moment: How could I make such a stupid mistake?
+Why did I go to medicine?
+But for a long time, it certainly made it.
+I started feeling better.
+And then on a hot day, there was a hole in the clouds, and the sun was coming out, and I was perhaps able to feel better.
+And I was acting out, if I doubled my efforts to persuade and never again, the voice could be mutilated.
+And she did.
+And I kept working.
+And then it happened again.
+Two years later, I was in an emergency hospital in a monkey-in-law, north of Toronto, and I noticed a 25-year-old man with a lovely grid.
+It was way off, and I was in the ileum.
+He always showed up here.
+I looked into the hood, and it was a little pink.
+And I gave him a prescription for penicillin, and I sent him away.
+And when he walked out of the door, he showed up on his hood.
+Two days later, I got to my next emergency room with my boss, and my boss asked me to talk to her in a conversation.
+And she said the three words: Do you remember?
+"Do you remember the patient with the unintended rocket?"
+And it turned out he was concocting a concoction.
+He had a potential disease called epiglottitits.
+You can Google this, but it's not an infection on the top, and it causes the breathing of the breath.
+And fortunately, he did not die.
+He received intravenal Anti and recovered a few days later.
+And I went back through the same gate after they'd got through a gatekeeper and self-insabs, felt free and out of work, and then I went back into it again and again.
+In an emergency scene, I have two times the blindfold.
+It's a little bit like when you think you're working in a hospital that was only 14 patients at that time.
+In both cases, I didn't send them home, and I probably didn't have anyRISD inside her treatment.
+I remember thinking he had kidneys.
+I X-rayed the kidney. When this was invented, my colleague at the site of the patient had a pretty interdisciplinary sector, and I called the surgery.
+The other was very strong.
+I emailed him to rehydration and asked my colleagues for that too.
+And he did, and as he noticed, he was tough in the right sector, he called the surgery.
+In both cases, surgery was getting a good job, and they were doing okay.
+Both of these cases smashed up to me.
+And I'd be happy to say that my worst mistaken error ever happened in the first five years of my colleagues, which is a total of my fellow inability.
+You're going to have to have to have to have to have to have to have to have to have to have to have to have to have a kinesthetic swine in the past five years.
+Everyone, without support.
+Here's the problem: If I can't finish my fault and talk about them, if I can tell the little voice that says really what happened to me, how can I share it with my colleagues?
+How can I teach them my mistakes so they don't impose the same people?
+If I went into a room -- just like right now, I have no idea what you're thinking about me.
+When did they hear the last time anybody talked about misunderstood for failures?
+Oh, they go to a cocktail party and there you may be hearing about some other doctor, but you won't hear somebody talk about their own mistakes.
+If I was going to go into a room with colleagues, and I immediately started telling them what I was going to tell you, I wasn't going to get to the very end of the second story before they really were going to have a joke, somebody would just pick up a joke, and they'd change the topic.
+And in fact, if I knew or my colleagues that a orthopedic person in the hospital would have taken the wrong leg, I would think they would have trouble looking into their eyes.
+That's the system we live in.
+It's totally a denial of mistakes.
+It's a system where there are two fundamental positions -- those who make mistakes and those who don't do any, those who are disillusioned sleep and who don't care about bad results, and those who do good results.
+It's almost like an ideological response to antibodies that attack you.
+And there's an idea that if we make the mistakes that we make out of medicine, we make sure that we stay safe.
+But there are two problems with this.
+In my medical program for about 20 years, I created a personal medical research study on medical errors and wrong treatment to help me get the first article I wrote in my show called "White Coat, Blackat, Black Art."
+And what I learned is that mistakes are absolutely intractable.
+We're working in a system where every single day, a meadow or a solitary confinement is either sucked in and wrong, or a hospital, and a lot of them are causing a lot of coma or a dead body.
+In this state, there are about 24,000 Canadians dying of some errors.
+In the United States, we've inherited the number of drug discovery for 100,000.
+Both of these are strong underpinnings, because we don't really look exactly the way we should.
+And it's the Crux.
+In a hospital in which medical knowledge is doubling every two or three years, we can't keep up.
+Sleep deprivation is ubiquitous.
+We can't get rid of it.
+We have a cognitive error so we can take a perfect disease and have a patient with breast pain.
+And then I take the same patient with a chest pain, made it sweaty, and then I'm still putting a slightly altitude at the same time, and suddenly the story is re-cognitive.
+I don't take the same course.
+I'm not a robot; I'm not always doing things the same way.
+And my patients are not cars; they tell me their symptoms don't always follow them in the same way.
+All of these things are inevitable.
+So if you take the system like this, and what I've been taught is that you've made all the broken health experts in the place, and there's nobody left at the end.
+And do they know the lesions about people who don't want to talk about their worst cases?
+In my show, "White Coat, Blackat," I have to say, "This is my worst error," because I would say to every lifeline of the carica slum, "This is my worst mistake," blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah,
+And then they expand their throats, and they're prey, and they're going down and they're going to swallow, and then they start telling their stories.
+You want to tell your stories. You want to share your stories.
+They want to be able to say, "Look, don't make the same mistakes I made."
+What they need is an environment that can be understood.
+What they need is a new culture.
+And it starts with a doctor.
+The newly defined doctor is a human being, a man knows what he is, is accepted, is not proud of them to make mistakes, but put everything out of them, and put it in a way that can be passed on.
+She share her experiences with others.
+It supports other errors to talk to them.
+And it shows others in the process of putting not just in a loving but supporting supporting all those sorts of things that are benefiting.
+And she works in a medical culture that recognizes that people fill the system with life, and when that's how people make mistakes, too.
+So the system that's evolved to make a system that can easily detect what human beings do and make it easier for people to actually enjoy it, in which every imaginable spaces can actually address and do things, and that's rewarded for me, in fact, in the way that I think ought to be rewarded for the mistakes and for the reason we need to be rewarded for.
+My name is Brian Goldman.
+I'm the latest doctor.
+I'm a human. I make mistakes.
+I'm a nerdy, but I'm trying to learn from that to share the rest of it.
+I don't know what you're holding, but I can live with that.
+So let me end with three of my own words: I remember it.
+I'm going to talk about a little, tiny idea.
+It's about changing norms.
+And because you can explain this in a minute, I'm going to tell you three stories in order to spend the time.
+So the first story is about Charles Darwin, who is a hero of mine.
+You know, he was there in 1835.
+You might think that he'd  Finw, but that's not true.
+He actually collected fish.
+He described one of them as very unusual.
+It was a fence.
+Until '80s, he was abused in a big way by the '80s.
+Now it's on the Red Listing list.
+Now, this story is one of the times that we've heard of many times of the Galapagos or other places, it's not very special.
+But still, we're still born in the Galapagos.
+We still think they're originally.
+The bread is still untouched by the bread.
+What happened here?
+The second story is meant to have another concept that changes changes invisible galleries.
+Because I experienced it when I was studying La Curaune at West Africa.
+I went there because I grew up in Europe, and I wanted to work in Africa later.
+I thought I could integrate myself.
+And I got a bad sunburn, and I was convinced I wasn't from there.
+It was my first sunburn.
+And you can see the spawning of palm and some mangroves at the top.
+There were  Bunnys of about two inches of Zenades, black penguins, a subset of the Bunny.
+The fisheries started off this bunker, which were very tragic, and the fishermen were living well and earned in Ghana for the average.
+When I came back 27 years later, the fish landed on the scale of his size.
+They grew up to five centimeters.
+They were being expressed by genetically.
+It was still fish.
+People were still happy.
+And the fish had also been lucky enough to be there.
+So nothing changed, and yet everything changed.
+My third story is that I talked about earlier, about my fellow inmates at the trawling wire in Southeast Asia.
+In the '70s -- it's more at the early 1960s -- Europe has a lot of development projects.
+Now, fisheries, which means 100,000 fish that have already been called the ugly ship of a mutant frog.
+I went on this for us, and we went to southern California around the south China and particularly in Java Sea.
+We didn't have words for what we were up there.
+I know now that it was the bottom of the ocean.
+Ninety percent of our waterborne systems were weaknesses, other animals connected to the bottom.
+The biggest part of the fish that were the little dots there on the rubble, the rubble, the coral reefs were coral reefs.
+Basically, the basic arose came out of the sea floor and then reappear.
+These images are extraordinary, because it goes very fast.
+And within a year, you're going to go through an friction, and then start out with the commercial fishing.
+The reason is because -- in this case, a hard one -- a coral or soft coral will get sludge.
+This is a dead turtle.
+They were not eaten, they were gone because they were dead.
+One time we live.
+She wasn't drunk yet.
+Then they wanted to kill them, because they were good to eat.
+In fact, this mountain of rubble is accumulated every time it's taken to the field where no one has ever been wiped out.
+It's not being documented.
+We change the world, but we don't remember it.
+We fit in our new norms and we never call ourselves into what was there.
+If you generalize it, here's what happens.
+On the y-axis are some good things: biodiversity, number of orchestras, the greens of your country, the water.
+It's changing with time. It changes because people are all natural.
+Every generation looks at the pictures that they consciously take for granted from the beginning of their lives as standard and everything is attributed to everything.
+The difference is perceived as a loss.
+But they do not perceive any loss.
+There can be a series of changes.
+And in the end, you just want to get the remains of the remains.
+And that's the ultimate goal now.
+We want things that have vanished or things that are gone missing as they were.
+Now, you might think that the problem that humans have met is certainly the problem of living in spatial societies, killing animals and only a few generations after they'd been conscious.
+Because obviously an animal that was very common before it sucks.
+So you don't lose any animal predilection.
+You always lose a rare animal.
+And that's why it's not perceived as a great loss.
+Over time, we are focused on the major animals, and in the oceans are the big fish.
+They're going to get less rare because we catch them.
+There isn't much fish left over time, and we think this is the norm.
+The question is, why do people accept that?
+Well, because they don't know that it was different once.
+Of course, a lot of people, researchers, they confirm it was really different.
+They're going to confirm it because the evidence in the old form of the form is not as good as the evidence they would be.
+For example, there's the Anecdote that the report of a captain who's seen in this region can't be used by big fisheries or by fisheries normally aren't able to do it because it's not "don't" in science.
+So we have a situation where people don't know the past, even though we live in educated societies, because they don't trust the sources of the past.
+This shows the enormous amount of role a marine reserve.
+Because through marine-protected areas, we're essentially making the past.
+We're reimagining the past, which means that people can't understand, because the norms have changed and are very low.
+So people who are able to see and benefit from this a marine protected area that allows it to set up their norms.
+What about the people who can't do this because they don't have access to -- the people in the Midwest?
+Here, I think, the art and film, maybe fill the gap and simulations.
+This is the simulation of Chesapeake Bay.
+Once upon a time there, at least 500 years ago, there were gray.
+And the color is what you might call the "Avatar."
+When you think of "Avatar," you think, when you think about why were the people affected by the poetcaont scene -- except why were they so touched by the images of the world?
+Because it's a little bit of a wake-up call that has been lost in a certain way.
+So my recommendation, which I'm going to give, is the only one I'm going to do right by Cameron II, so he turns "Avatar II."
+Thank you.
+In the '80s, in the '80s, you had to have a typewriter if you had to register this government.
+They also had to sign up a piece of context from this typewriter.
+The reason the government could track down, where a word came from.
+And if they did a paper with a fake thought, they could detect the creator of that thought.
+And we couldn't understand how anyone would do that, and how much that would limit their freedom of speech.
+In our own countries we would never do that.
+But if you go to a new color today in 2011, and buy a new laser pointer from the top of the leading laser printer and have a bright yellow blob on each side, which is clearly letting your printer use and track pressure.
+This is what happens to us today.
+And nobody seems to be excited about this.
+And that was an example in which our own governments are using technology against us, and that is citizens.
+And this is one of the three main sources of today's online problems.
+So let's look at what's really happening in the world: we can divide attacks to categories.
+We have three main groups.
+There are online crime.
+For example, this is Mr. Dimitry Golub from Kiv. Ukraine.
+And the motives of online crime are very easy to understand.
+These people make money.
+They're using online directories to make lots of money, a huge pile of money.
+There are several well-known cases of millions of online multi-million online, multi-million-dollar multi-million people who made their money through attacks.
+This is Wladimirsa from Tartu, Estonia.
+This is Alfred Gonzalez.
+Stephen Watt.
+Bears in Sundin.
+These are Matthew Anderson, Tariqaour, etc., etc., etc.
+These guys got online, but they were getting illegally forced to die by using Trojan to get cash from our bankers, whereas we've done our online banking, or even the Keyloggers that are releasing our creature from the keyboards online, while we bought into an infected computer.
+The U.S. intelligence service two months ago, the Swiss continent of Mr. Samintom, who is here, and on this continent, 14,9 million U.S. dollars had been frozen when it was frozen.
+Yeah, Mr. Jain itself is free on its feet, and it is unknown to it.
+And I'd like to suggest that today, it's more likely that we will be victims of a crime online than it is in the real world.
+And it's very obvious that this is going to get worse than that.
+In the future, most crimes will be online.
+The second largest attacker we can see today are not motivated by money.
+They're a little bit motivated by something else -- Prot, an opinion, or by the audience.
+So groups like Anonymous have gone up over the past 12 months, and they have become one of the main players on the field of online reef.
+So these are three main groups of deficient: criminals who do it because of the money, hackers like Anonymous who are doing it, but the last group are nations, governments that run the attacks.
+We're facing cases of the LineNotation.
+It shows you the opportunity for government when it comes to own citizens.
+DigiNot: Digie is a full-blown, high-fat country -- or it was.
+And in the last fall, it had to report because Wikipedia was hacked.
+Someone was broken, and the system was hacked.
+And last week in a meeting called the Dutch government, I asked one of the questions that he could do it for possible that would have died of the Digi King's welfare people.
+And his answer was yes.
+Now, how do such people die in hacking?
+DigiNotar is a commuting center.
+They sell certificate.
+What do you do with a certificate?
+Now, one of the things you need is if you have a website with HTTP, with SSLs, for example, Gmail.
+Now, we all use, or many of us, or Gmail, but these services are especially distributed in their local state, like Iran, where dissidents are using, they know that they can trust the local students and that they're engulf about support, so that the local government cannot sat around in their conversations.
+But can you, if you get foreign ones.
+Zerstification and fake anger.
+And that's exactly what happened in the case of Digi.
+How does it stop with the Arab Spring and the things that have happened in Egypt?
+Well, in Egypt, in the insurgency of the in April 2011, the headquarters for Egyptians' chief police police departments, and they found lots of acceptance.
+In those records, an orphanage called theFINSSHERS.
+And in this folder, they found an emergency company in Germany who sold the Egyptian government for some programs that they had -- in very large-scale communications -- they could start from the Egyptian citizens.
+They had sold this program for 250,000 Euros to the Egyptian government.
+The headquarters headquarters for headquarters is right here.
+So Western governments are providing totalitarian governments to help them predict where their own citizens can go.
+But Western governments also help themselves.
+For example, in Germany, just a few weeks ago, the state ofstrojaner, who was a Trojan government minister, who had been used by German government to snor their own citizens.
+If you get robbed in a criminal, you're pretty frank with your phone.
+But today we are way beyond that.
+You tap into your Internet connection.
+They use tools like the state of estrogen, to play your computer with a Trojan computer that allows you to monitor your whole communication, listen to your passwords, to collect your passwords.
+So if we keep thinking about these things, then the obvious answer to people is, "Okay, that sounds bad, but it's not because I'm a good citizen.
+I don't have to worry.
+I don't have anything to hide."
+And that argument doesn't make any sense.
+Privacy has to be given.
+Privacy is not a debate.
+It's not a decision-making choice between privacy and security.
+It's a choice between freedom and control.
+And while we are trusted this year in 2011, our governments may be trusted, but every right we will give away is a break for all of us.
+And will we trust each one of us who can be blinded to a future government, a government, maybe 50 years from now?
+These are the questions we need to address over the next 50 years.
+It may seem strange, but I'm a big fan of concrete blocks.
+The first concrete block of blocks were made in 1868 and came up with a simple idea: modules that fit together.
+concrete building blocks were used quite quickly, in the most part of the world.
+They enables us to build things bigger than us, bridges, a rock after the other.
+Essentially, concrete building blocks had become the building block of our time.
+Almost a hundred years later, in 1947, LEGO here, came out with this.
+It was called theautomattic rock.
+And within a few years, LEGOly moved into every household.
+It's been estimated that over 400 billion stones have been produced -- or 75 rocks on each planet.
+They don't have to be an engineer to create beautiful homes, beautiful bridges or beautiful buildings.
+LEGOly made it possible for everyone.
+LEGOly did, in the building blocks of the world, essentially put out a building block of our imagination.
+In the meantime, in the same year, Bell Labs announced the next revolution, the next building block.
+The transistor was a little plastic unit that would give us a world of static structures, one where everything was interactive.
+Like the concrete block, the transistor allows us to build much larger, complex circles after the other.
+But there's a key difference between this, and the transistor was just experts.
+And I personally don't accept that building block has a chance to serve our experts in the process, so I decided to do something about it.
+So eight years ago I was at the Media Lab, and I started exploring this idea of how to put power in the hands of artists and designers.
+A few years ago, I started developing in others.
+Let me show you how they work.
+For example, in corals are electronic, that have a specific function.
+They're ready to go, light, sound, motor and sensors.
+And the best part is, they connect to magnets.
+So you can't put them all around.
+The stones are color-coded.
+Green is a copy, blue is electricity, Pink is a piece of orange and wire.
+So all you have to do is connect a blue and a green and build a whole bigger cycle.
+They fill in a blue, and they can make light.
+You can put a switch in between that and have made a little thing worse.
+Take the switch out to a pulse that's here, and you made a little linkr.
+You add this Buzz to an additional effect, and you made a noise.
+I'm going to stop that.
+But also, beyond the simple game, is really quite powerful for the outside.
+Instead of programming that you have to program or dissipates, allows you to code code with simple gestures.
+So, to speed up the accelerating or slow down, you just turn on that button, and it makes the impulse faster or slower.
+The idea behind the carn is that it's a growing library.
+We want every single interaction in the world to make a abuse of stone.
+Lights, sound, solar elements, motors -- all should be available.
+We have little kids distributed along the way, and they see their play.
+And it was an amazing experience.
+The most beautiful thing is how they begin to understand electronics that surround them in everyday life, and they don't learn in school.
+Like for example, a night light, or why the doors of the elevator open, or how an iPod responds to touch.
+We also brought in some other design schools.
+So we had, for example, we had no designer experience with electronic things that started playing with material for example.
+Here we see, with filtering, paper and water bottles like...
+A few weeks ago, we were getting RISD, and they gave some designers the most technical experience, not a technical experience, just paper and paper, and paper, and paper people said, "Yes."
+Here's an example of a project they did, which is a motion-controlled, fatian fatty plaque.
+But wait, this is really my favorite project.
+It's a Hummer dipped dark in the dark.
+For this non-Muslim engineers, another material was just gotten into another material.
+And we want to make this material available for everybody.
+So, open source is open-source.
+You can go to the website, download all the design cards, create them ourselves.
+We want to encourage the world of infertuitenter, the inventor of the inventor, because this world we live in, this interactive world, belongs to us.
+So go ahead and start inventing.
+Thank you.
+When I was 11 years old, I was thrown into the sound of bright joy.
+My dad stopped at his little gray radio that was on the BBC's news.
+He was very happy what was fairly unusual back then, since most of them depressed.
+He called, "The Taliban are gone."
+I didn't know what it meant, but it was obviously my father, very happy.
+"Now you can go to a school," he said.
+This morning, I will never forget this morning.
+A right school.
+The Taliban attacked the power in Afghanistan when I was six, and they banned girls to go to school.
+So I dressed myself as a boy for five years, and then accompanied my older sister who were no longer allowed to go out of a secret school.
+That's the only way we could get to school.
+Every day, we took a different way so that no one could guess where we were going.
+We put our books in the mall so that it looked like we were just going to shop.
+We had lessons from school, in a house, over 100 girls in a small living room.
+In winter, it was comfortable, but in summer it was incredibly hot.
+We all knew that we were risking our lives: teachers, students and our parents.
+Increasingly, the class suddenly had to reclaim for a week because the Taliban had exploded it.
+We were never sure how much they knew about us.
+Are they following us?
+Did they know where we live?
+We were scared, but we were going to school anyway.
+I was very fortunate to grow up in a family where education was a very important and a killing of them.
+My grandfather had been way ahead of his time.
+On one side of a remote province in Afghanistan, he was raising his daughter -- my mother to send to school and was thrown away by his father.
+But my mother was educated.
+That's her.
+Two years ago, she was completely retirement, just to transform our house into a school for girls and women in the neighborhood.
+And my father -- here was the first person to ever get an education in his family.
+It was clear that for him, his children would be getting education, even though the Taliban, for all risks.
+He looked at it as much greater risk for his children, not to send to school.
+I know that sometimes in the years that I was so frustrated with the Taliban, by our lives, by the fear and by the pitylessness.
+I felt good about giving up, but my father would say, "Please listen, you can lose everything in your life.
+Your money can be stolen. You can be driven out of your house.
+But one thing will always be for you: that's what's in here. And even if we get blood for your school fees, we will.
+So -- are you still trying to give up?"
+Today I am 22 years old.
+I grew up in a country that had been destroyed by war for decades.
+Less than six percent of my women's age have gotten higher than the age of grading, and if my family hadn't played that strong for my education, I would have one of those women.
+Instead, I stand here today as a proud grad of the Middlebury College.
+When I returned to Afghanistan, my grandfather, who had been buried by his family because he sends to school to the first person congratulate me.
+Not only can he leave my college degree, but also because I was the first woman to drive him through Kabul.
+My family believed in me.
+I have big dreams, but my family still has bigger dreams for me.
+That's why I am a global ambassador for 10x10, a global campaign to women.
+So I've been working on SOLA, the first and perhaps the only thing that girls do in Afghanistan, a country where there is still risk for girls in school.
+It's wonderful to see the school my high school students all want to see their privilege in their high school.
+And seeing their parents and fathers stand up for them as well as my parents for me, despite all but all contagious contradictions.
+Just like Ahmed. This is not his name, and I can't show his face, but Ahmed is one of my father's dad.
+Just a month ago, his daughter and he was out on the SOLA village in her village, and they are dead by a bomber at a time of the road by a few minutes, just so out of the road.
+When he got home, the phone rang and a voice came on, and he threatened to give his daughter another daughter, they would try again.
+He said, "As the thing that I want to do now is, if you don't want to put the future of my daughter's game over your age and overestimate ideas."
+What I find so much about Afghanistan is something that's often run across the West: as most of us have, father of us, who's a father who sees the value of his daughter and his success as well.
+It's not to say that our mothers don't play a role in our success.
+In fact, they're often the people who start to persuade and convince themselves that the future would be a promising future for their daughters, but in a society like Afghanistan is inevitable in the support of men.
+The Taliban would go to school for a few hundred girls -- because it was illegal.
+But today, in Afghanistan, three million girls pass the bank.
+Afghanistan appears from America to look like this.
+The Americans realize how insecure these changes are.
+I'm afraid that the changes are not re-offending and changing with the U.S. Army changes over again.
+But when I look at school in Afghanistan, when I see my school in my high school, and their parents, who are using it for them, I see a promising future and a past that will maintain a medical change.
+Afghanistan is a country of hope, and the unlimited opportunity, and remember, every day, the girls visit SOLA.
+Just like I have big dreams.
+Thank you.
+All I do, including a living -- my life -- was ruled by seven years of work in Africa as a young man.
+From 1971 -- I'm young, but I'm not -- -- I went to Zambia, Kenya, I've worked with Elfi, Algeria and Somalia on technical projects in Africa.
+I worked for an Italian NGOs, and every single project we put on the legs, it's a lot of fun.
+I was desperate.
+I thought that in Italy we are good people, and good work has done in Africa.
+Instead, we killed everything we tagged.
+Our first project, which inspired my first book, "Ripples the Zacypture," was one where we wanted to show people how to build food.
+We got into Italian Saata at the South Bronx, which leads to the seedling valley, and we taught the local people how to build the domestic Tomac tomato sauce and Zulchini...
+Of course, they had absolutely no interest in this, so we were paying them for the work, and sometimes they were also getting lost.
+We were amazed that there was no fertile valley.
+But rather than asking why they didn't build anything, we just said, "Thank God it's just that we're here!"
+"Geeen in time to save the people from Zambia."
+Of course, anything wonderful in Africa.
+We had these gorgeous tomatoes. In Italy, they got so big, in Zambia, like this.
+We couldn't believe it, and we said to theambiners, "Look, how easy agriculture is."
+When the tomato sauce were cooled, and about 200 oilay erupt from the river, everything was able to eat.
+We said to theambiners, "Oh, God, the hya!"
+And they said, "Yes, so we don't have farming."
+"Why didn't you tell us?" "You never asked us."
+I just thought we were so incredibly sexy in Italy, but then I saw what the Americans did, which was to the French, and after I saw, they got quite proud of what they did in Zambia.
+We were feeding the horoscopes at least.
+You should see the nonsense -- -- you should see the nonsense we have not heard about African people.
+They were supposed to read the book "Dead Aid" by Dambisa Mooyo, and it's aambivalent economics.
+The book was published in 2009.
+We've given up more than one trillion economy in the last 50 years.
+I'm not going to tell you what that money did.
+Just read their books.
+Just read from one African, which we've done.
+We're Western people, Imperialists, colonialists, and there are only two kinds of people that we deal with, and we patronize them, or we're patriarchal.
+They both come from the Latin root "pater," which means "water."
+But they have two different meanings.
+patriarchal: I treat everyone else as if they were my children. "I love you so much."
+Patronizing it, I treat everyone else as if they were my servants.
+That's why white people in Africa are called "bwana," the boss.
+I was woke up when I read the book "Sel Beautiful," and he said, especially in economic development, if people don't want help, they leave it alone.
+This should be the first principle of help.
+The first principle of help is respect.
+This morning, the gentleman who opened this conference, opened a pole on the ground and said, "Can you imagine a city that isn't worth spreading?"
+When I was 27 years old, I decided to only respond to people and find a system called corporate promotion where no one is going to be motivated, but you become the service of the local, the people who have a better person.
+What you do is you hold your mouth.
+You never get to a community with ideas, you sit down with the local people.
+We don't work from offices.
+We come together in cafes. We meet in bars.
+We don't have infrastructure.
+We close friendships and we find out what that person wants.
+The most important thing is passion.
+You can give somebody an idea.
+If this person doesn't like that, what do you do?
+The passion for its growth is the most important person.
+The passion for its own utterance is the most important thing of mankind.
+We help them find the knowledge, because no one can succeed alone.
+The person with the idea may not have the knowledge, but it is available.
+Many years ago, I had this ingeniousness: Why not come to a community and say to people what to do, why shouldn't we listen to them? But not in communities.
+Let me tell you a secret.
+There's a problem with community sales.
+You've never shared entrepreneurs and you'll never have them ever say public policy in what they want to do with their money, what they see.
+So, you know, design has this blind spot.
+The most vulnerable people in the community don't know, because they seem to be public meeting.
+We're working on one thing to do to try and do this, and we need a social infrastructure that doesn't exist.
+A new job needs to be created.
+This is the company's home of the company, the doctor's house, the company that's in your kitchen table, sitting in a cafe and a cafe that helps you find your passion in a way to transform your life in a way that you can argue.
+I tried this in Esperance, West Australia.
+I was pushing the fourth time and tried to leave a swandering, where to say what to do.
+And so, the first year I went through the streets and I had my first three days, and I helped him fish in a garage, and he was in a garage, and he was helping him sell a restaurant, and he helped him get on a restaurant in Perth, and he came up to them and they came to them and they said, "You've helped the Maoriass, you can help us?"
+I helped these 5 fishermen work together and sell these amazing tunas not to a factory in Albany for 60 cents, but after Japan for 15 dollars, the farmers came to me and said, "Hey, you've helped them help us?"
+I had 27 projects going on, and the government came to me and said, "How do you do that?
+How do you do? I said, "I do something very, very difficult.
+I hold the mouth and listen to them."
+So -- -- I mean, the government says, "Have you a second time."
+We've done it in 300 communities around the world.
+We've been working around 40,000 companies to create this thing.
+There's a new generation of companies that are going to fail.
+Peter printer, one of the best corporate advisers in history, died 96 years ago.
+Peter's printing professor, before he was involved with companies. Peter printing said, really, you know, with a entrepreneurial society and the economy."
+Planung is the entrepreneur of mind.
+So, you build Christchurch without knowing what the brightest human Christchurch's money is about to put money in their energy and their energy.
+You have to learn how to get them to come to you.
+You have to offer them credit and privacy. You have to be great at helping them, and they will get fuzzy.
+In a community of 10,000 people, we get 200 customers.
+Can you imagine a community of 30,000 people, intelligence and passion?
+What presentation did you applaud the most in the morning?
+Be very passionate, passionate people. They clap.
+I want to make the point that entrepreneurship is the right way.
+We are at the end of the first industrial revolution -- not renewable fossil fuels, manufacturing -- and suddenly there are systems that are not sustainable.
+The burning machine is not sustainable.
+The Freudian level is not sustainable.
+We need to look at how we feed seven billion people in a sustainable way, illiterate, transport, and make them available.
+The technologies don't exist.
+Who will make this technology for the green revolution? universities?
+Government? Forget it.
+They're going to be entrepreneurs. And they're doing it already now.
+I read this wonderful story in a futuristic magazine many years ago.
+There was a group of experts who were invited to speak to the future of New York City for the year.
+They got together in 1860, and they analyzed what was happening in 100 years with the New York City, and the conclusion was that the city would no longer exist in 100 years.
+Why? They looked at the curve, and they said, if the population grows at this pace, six million horses it took them to promote human beings, and it would be impossible to finish with the dung be done by six million horses.
+Because they already went under the dung.
+1860, they look at the dirty technology that sucks life out of New York.
+What happens? About 40 years later, in 1900, there were 100 automotive automotive workers -- 1001.
+The idea was to find another technology that had made the race. It had tiny little factories in the backyard.
+Dearborn, Michigan. Henry Ford.
+There's a mystery to work with entrepreneurs.
+First, they need to be offered dispersants.
+Otherwise they don't come and talk to you.
+Next thing you have to do is give them absolute, engaged and passionate service.
+Then you have to tell them the absolute truth about entrepreneurship.
+Of the smallest, only to be able to sell all three things: the product has to be grandiose, the market must be grandiose, and the financial acumen has to be enormous.
+Guess what?
+We've never met a single person who can actually make something, sell and take care of money at the same time.
+It doesn't exist that way.
+This person was never born.
+We've done research, and we've done the 100 most iconic companies in the world -- Carnegie, Westinghouse, Edison, Google, Yahoo.
+There's one thing that all successful companies in the world have in common, except one thing: no one was founded by one person.
+Now, we teach 16-year-olds in North Korea, and we're starting teaching teaching them the first two pages of Richard Bransons, and the job of the 16-year-olds is to reach the first two pages in the world where Richard Branson's cars are pushing back to the first two pages of Richard Branson how often he used the word "we" and how often does the word "we."
+Never "we" and 32 times.
+He wasn't alone when he started.
+Nobody built a company. Nobody.
+So we can create a community where we have a bank in the artifacts sitting in a small entrepreneur in cafe and they sit in the cafes and they become your committed dome, which is something that someone has done for this gentleman who's going to speak to you about this marriage. Somebody who's going to say, "What do you need?
+What can you do? Can you build it?
+Okay, can you sell it? Can you pay for the money?"
+"Oh, no, I can't." "Do you want me to find somebody for you?"
+We activate communities.
+We have groups of volunteers who are supporting the company in finding them with the middle and helping them find out that the miracle of intelligence is something that can be transformed by this community, only by the very nature of the passion, energy and imagination of people.
+Thank you.
+Five years ago I learned how to be Alice in the miracle of Alice.
+Penn State University — he asked me to share a professor of communication with a devoted education.
+I was scared.
+Fear. I fear students with these large brains and their big books and their big words, not trust me.
+But as the conversations came along, he would come down to me like Alice, and she would sat down to the cafe to a doorway and see a door.
+And the same thing that I felt, when I was talking to students, I was amazed at the minds they had, and I wanted them to be found on this miracle.
+I think to open this door, it needs great communication.
+We need great communication from our scientists and engineers to change the world.
+Because our scientists and engineers are the biggest problems we face, like energy and health, and if we don't know about it and don't understand it, I think it's not about it. I think it's an responsibilities of a responsibility to seek out those conversations.
+But those great conversations do not come when our scientists and engineers do not invite us to download it in their miracles.
+So scientists and engineers, please, tell us what.
+So I want to show you a couple of approaches to how you can do this, and we can see that the science and technology that you're dealing with is sexy and exciting.
+The first question you need to answer is: I and?
+Let's tell you why scientific area is so relevant to us.
+And not only tells us that their sadness is also telling us that their sadness, that sadness, that mammoth structure, are in our bone, because it's important to understand and treat east-Americans and to treat.
+And if you describe what you do, then you get a word of what you're blaming.
+The technical words are the obstacles to understanding your mind.
+I'm sure you could use "pris" and time, but why don't you just say, "Raw and time," what is a lot more understandable to us?
+So if your mind tries to understand, how can you actually nudge them down?
+As Einstein said, "Something has been as simple as possible -- but not simpler."
+You can tell a little bit about your scientific field without having to move away from compromise.
+So a few things are really the kind of things that we can look at: stories and analogies, and that's how you get inside your bananas.
+And if you're presented to your work, you're going to leave the points.
+Have you ever wondered why it's called "Stay point?"
+What happens when someone else gets too scared? Another one is going to stick with those first dots and this one's your audience.
+Now, a slide like this is not only boring, but it also rely on the processing part of our brains and therefore we're overwhelmed quickly.
+This example of Genevieve Brown is much more effective, and it shows that special structure is actually stable, so that it even was the inspiration for the Eiffel Tower.
+The trick here is to use a single, simple sentence to just read the audience that can lose when it loses the fiber, it can orient images and graphs that make our other senses more sense, and therefore a deeper understanding of what you're writing.
+These are just a few of the approaches that we can help open this door and see the wonders that science and technology have in it.
+Since the engineers I taught me to come up with, "Nerria in me," I want to sum up everything with an equation.
+From your elated science and your technical term, divided by the relevance, so the audience tells you what's important, and multiplying the whole thing with your incredible work that you've done for, and it makes you incredibly important to know about it, the conceivable interaction that you can't be more new.
+So scientists and engineers, if you've solved this equation, I'm really into you.
+Thank you.
+Hi. This is my phone.
+A cell phone can change lives and give you a personal freedom.
+With a cell phone, you can film a crime in the human race in Syria.
+You can start a phone and do a news story in Egypt.
+And with a mobile phone, you can pick up a song, upload it in SoundCloud and famous.
+All of that with a cell phone possible.
+I'm a nutshell, and I live in Berlin.
+Let's go back to that city in time.
+And you can see there how hundreds of thousands of people went to the streets and showed up.
+We went in the fall of 1989 and we imagine that all these people who stood up and said they had a cell phone in their pocket.
+Who in the room has a cell phone on it?
+Hold it up.
+Hold your cell phone out, keep it up.
+Hold it up. Android, a Blackberry, wow.
+That's a lot. Almost everybody has a cell phone today.
+But today I want to talk about me and my cell phone, and how it changed my life.
+And I'm going to talk about something like this.
+These are 35.8 zebras full of information.
+Roh data.
+And why are the information out there?
+Because in summer, E.U. emissions has put a policy.
+This is a policy called guidelines for data storage.
+And what this policy says is that every telephone company in Europe, every Internet service, has to store a range of users.
+Who gets to send an email to who's sending?
+Who's sending a text?
+And when you use a cell phone, you're on where you are.
+All this information will be stored for at least six to six months from your telephone company or your Internet service.
+And all around Europe, people stood up and said, "We don't want to."
+They said we don't want to store that data.
+So we want the self-asembly of the digital age, and we don't want the phone companies and the Internet services to store all this information about us.
+There was lawyers, journalists, priests, who all said, "We don't want to do this."
+And here you can see how tens of thousands of people were pouring down the streets in Berlin, saying, "Give us a walk."
+And some even said this could be a 2.0.
+Thesia was the secret police in Eastern Germany.
+And I'm also wondering if this really works.
+Can really store all this information about us?
+Every time I use my phone?
+So I asked my phone company, the German telecoms, who was the biggest telephone company back in Germany, and I asked her, I ask her, I ask all the information that she'd stored.
+And I asked her once, and she would come back again and she didn't get a correct answer, except the bladder.
+But then I said, "I want that information because it's my life that's losing it.
+So I decided to lead a trial to them, because I wanted to have that information.
+But the German telecommunications said no, we're not going to give you that information.
+And finally, it would end with them.
+I take the effort that they send me all of the information for.
+Because the federal government decided the introduction of the E.U. policy was in German.
+So I got this ugly brown reshape with a CD.
+And the CD was this.
+35.8 zebras of information.
+First of all, I saw it and I said, "Oh good, it's a huge file. My first mate."
+But then I realized, after a while, this is my life.
+This is my life in this file six months.
+So I was a little skeptical, what am I going to do with this?
+Because you see where I'm at night, where I'm sleeping.
+But then I said, "I want to go with this information to the public."
+I want to make them published.
+Because I want to show people what pre-existing data means.
+So together with time online, with open data City, I've done this.
+This is a visualization of about six months of my life.
+You can zoom in and zoom out, you can re-pulse back and forth.
+You can take any step I do, follow the e-mail.
+And you can even see how I'm going to go from Frankfurt to the train to Köln, and how many calls I'm going to take.
+All of this information is possible.
+That scares a little bit.
+But it's not just about me.
+It's all about us.
+It's just that way, I call my wife the phone, and we're talking for a couple of times.
+And then they call me a bunch of friends, and they call each other.
+And after a while, you call and you call and you get this giant communication network.
+But you can see how people communicate with each other, time they call to bed, when they go to bed.
+You can see all of that.
+You can see the central characters, for example, who are the leader of the group.
+If you have access to that information, you can see what society is doing.
+If you have access to this information, you can control society.
+This is a blueprint for countries like China and Iran.
+This is the perfect design that you can monitor a society, because somebody knows who's talking to, who's sent an email, all of this information is possible when you get access to that information.
+And this information will be stored for at least six months in Europe, up to two years.
+As I said to you, we imagine that all these people in the streets of Berlin in their pocket in the fall of their pocket.
+And the chairs would have known who was at the demonstration, and if the vocal chords had known who would have been the leader, maybe this would never happen.
+The fall of the Berlin Wall would not have happened.
+And then, not after the fall of the iron curtain.
+Because today's government agencies and companies like this are doing so much information about us, can get online and offline.
+They want to have the opportunity to track our lives, and they want to store it a long time.
+But self-awareness and a life in the digital age is not a contradiction.
+But you have to fight for self-awareness today.
+They have to fight every day.
+So if you go home, you say your friends are spheres, a 21st-century value of the 21st century isn't old.
+When you go home, say you're going to drop your seats, just because companies and government have the ability to store certain information, they don't have to do very long.
+And if you don't believe me, ask your phone company what you've stored on the information they've stored.
+So every time you're using your cell phone, remember that you have to struggle for the self-assembly age.
+Thank you.
+I live in South Central Central Central Central.
+This is South Central Central: Spirit, rapid-transport restaurant, ox.
+So the city planners meet and they thought, well, they're changing the name of South Central Los Angeles, and they're changing it as if something that's wrong with the city.
+This is South Los Angeles.
+Spirits, rapid-eyed restaurants, Brachno.
+As 26, million Americans live in the food desert of South Central Los Angeles, home of the drive and the drive-by grader.
+The funny thing is that the drive more people kill more people than the drive.
+People are dying in South Central Los Angeles of a terribly illiterate disease.
+For example, the obesity rate in my neighborhood is up to about five times higher than Beverly Hills, which is about 15 kilometers away.
+I couldn't see anymore.
+And I wondered how you would feel if you didn't have access to healthy food, if you went out of the house every time you saw the negative impact that has on your neighborhood.
+I'm a reed that wheelchairs were bought and sold as carts.
+I see dialectasezing as Starbucks.
+And I realized that must stop.
+I understood that the problem is with this solution.
+Food is the problem, food is the solution.
+I didn't feel like I was making a very good job of 45-minute drive to get an apple that was not associated with pesticides.
+So I planted my food gill in front of my house.
+It's a piece of land that we call park park.
+It's 45 meters in its body.
+The thing is, it's the city.
+But you have to care.
+So I'm thinking, "Colol. I can do what I want because it's my responsibility, and I have to stand it in the face."
+And I decided to give it that way.
+So I came up with my group, the L.A. Green Grounds, and we started to plant my food waste, and the whole program, the vegetable.
+We are a type of performance group, put together all the neighborhoods of life and all the social layers and all the city, it's completely voluntary and everything we do is free.
+And the garden is beautiful.
+But then someone agrees.
+The town came up to me and he shared a handy charge, and he said that I had to take my garden, which became a rich agenda.
+And I thought, "Oh, yeah, really?
+An richer order for growing food on a piece of land that you don't care about?"
+And I thought, "Colol. Herst."
+Because this time it wouldn't happen.
+The L.A. Times got a story from it, Steve Lopez, and he talked to the city of Green Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground, and they wrote a petition to Change and 900 of them were successful.
+We stopped victory in the hands.
+My city actually called up to me and said that they support it, and we love what we do.
+So, really, why shouldn't they do that?
+L.A. has the most Brazil in the United States.
+They have 25,000 square miles of Bragenia.
+These are 20 Central Parks.
+That's enough space to plant 725 million tomato plants.
+Why the hell should they not impose this?
+And you get 1,000 seeds -- 10,000 seeds.
+With green beans in the value of a dollar and vegetables in 75 dollars worth of value.
+It's my cure for figuring out people to grow food.
+His own food is like print your own money.
+See, I have a legacy in South Central Central Central Asia.
+I grew up there. I put my sons up there.
+And I refuse to be part of that preambled reality made by other people, and I make my own reality.
+See, I'm an artist.
+Gardening, my graffiti is -- I plant my art.
+Just like a graffiti artist who'd be getting very excited, I would mix some lawns and parks.
+I use the garden, the soil, like a piece of stuff, and the plants and the trees are my crop for these materials.
+You'd be surprised by what the Earth can do if you use it as a canvas.
+You can't imagine how astonishing a sunflower is, and how it touches people.
+So what happened?
+I have experienced how my garden was becoming an instrument for education and the transformation of my neighborhood.
+To change the community, you have to change the composition of the floor.
+We're the floor.
+You'd be wondering how children were influenced by this.
+Gender is the most ambitious and artificial act that you can do, particularly in the middle of the city.
+Also, you get earthquakes.
+I remember when this time her mother came and saw her daughter, it was about 10:30 a. They were in my backyard, and I came outside and they looked like this.
+I felt really bad, because they were there, and I said, "You know, you don't have to do that.
+The garden is not in the street."
+I'm embarrassed when I looked at people who were so close to me and hungry, and it was only empowered me to do this, and people were like, "Are you ain't afraid you're going to steal your food."
+And I said, "Well, devil, no, I'm not afraid they're going to clap.
+And that's what's on the street.
+That's the idea.
+I want you to take it, but at the same time I want you to take your health."
+I started taking a different garden in this homeless shelter in downtown L.A.
+These guys helped me to download the load cell.
+It was cool, and they shared their stories about how it affected them and how their mother and grandmother, and it was amazing to see them, if only for a moment.
+Green Grounds has already planted about 20 gardens.
+And our in-group, 50 people came in and did all these volunteers.
+When kids grow carbon, they eat coal.
+When they grow tomato sauce, they eat tomato sauce.
+But if they're not offered by it, if they don't get the food, the way food and bodies affect, they don't eat blindly what they're putting to do.
+I see young people working, but they want to put in this thing -- I see all the colored kids that are just on the path that's meant to go and get them to go somewhere.
+The gardeners, I see as an opportunity where we can train these kids to take care of their communities to lead sustainable lives.
+And if we do that, who knows?
+We could produce the next George Washington Carver.
+But if we don't change the composition of the earth, we'll never do that.
+So this is one of the plans that I want to do.
+I want to create a block of neighborhoods where people can share the food in the same block.
+I want to take shipping containers, and turn them into healthy coffee shops.
+Now, don't get me wrong.
+I'm not talking about free shit because free is not sustainable.
+The funny thing about sustainability is that you have to keep it up.
+I speak to people, and kids from the streets, and they make the pleasure and the pride to be able to experience their own food when you open food and when you give farmers farmers.
+So what I want to do here is to make sexy.
+I want us all to become environmental rebels, gangsters.
+We have to turn the image of the starfish.
+If you're not a gardener, you're not a gangster.
+You know, gangsters are all going to be like, "Oh, huh?"
+And let that be the gun to your choice.
+If you want to meet with me, call me not, if you're sitting in a comfortable chairs and do a meeting where you're talking about making any kind of shit.
+If you want to meet me, come with your cube, into my backyard so that we can plant some kind of shit.
+Peace. Thank you.
+Thank you.
+One of my favorite words in all of Oxford English is "snollygo."
+Because it sounds so beautiful.
+And "nollyster" means "nolly politicians."
+Although in the 19th century, a newspaper publisher publisher a better definition of snolly-faking, somebody who's an amputated programming, a program, no matter what, and a success in their success insane language come through the pure one-child mortgage's essential mortgage.
+I have no idea what a language is.
+Something on the part, I think.
+But it's very important that words in the center are in politics, and all politicians need to know that they need to control language.
+Before 1771, for example, the British Parliament did not report the very word of the debate.
+And that actually went back to the courage of a man named Cro Brass Crosby, who was putting himself on the parliament.
+She was in the embassy of London, and he was imprisoned it and he was brave enough to honor him, and, in the end, he had so much support in London that he won.
+And just a few years later, we find the first drawback to the sentence "agyo." Many believers.
+Brassity is the word "for" on the word of the English.
+But that's not true. It goes back to a press freedom of speech.
+But to show you how words and politics are intertwined, I want to take you into the United States at the time that it just reaches the independence.
+You were looking at the question of how you would call George Washington, the state.
+You didn't know.
+How do you call the leader of a Republican nation?
+And this is something that was detained on Congress for a long period of time.
+And there were all kinds of enlightened disciplines.
+I mean, some people wanted to call him governors, and others, Seine Homo, and others, George Washington, and others, are protecting people of the freedom of America in Washington state.
+Not so prehistoric.
+Some people just wanted to call him king.
+They thought that was true.
+They weren't monarchy, they wanted to choose the king for a particular period of time.
+It could have worked.
+But everybody was unreliable because this debate was holding three weeks to it.
+I read the journal of a senator the day, and it's all the time, which is, "I'm still writing the same subject."
+The reason it was because the boreal and the boreal was that the representation against the Senate was against the Senate.
+The representative house wouldn't want Washington to be curious.
+Kings call him kings, and he might get him to his idea.
+They were going to give him the closest, the most humbling, the most pathetic title they had.
+This title was "The President."
+You didn't invent the title of the theme. He didn't exist before, but he just meant somebody was in the meeting.
+It's a bit like the car seat.
+He had no more size than the term "ast" or "astic."
+Sometimes there were presidents of small colony campaigners and government agencies, but it was really insignificant titles.
+That's why the Senate refused to take him.
+They said, "That's ridiculous, you can't call him president.
+This guy has to sign up and get foreign policy makers.
+Who will take it if he's got a silly little title like the president of the United States of America?"
+And even after three weeks of debate, Senate didn't go into the Senate.
+Instead, they agreed to use the title of "do" which they were perfectly suited, but they wanted to make sure that they were not a viable respect for their opinions and practices, whether it's for the Republic of the state, or moons of the United Nations -- and that in fact it's not the way the president of the United Nations is pushed through the process of being pushed by people's oblivious to the state of existence, we don't want to look like damn Idolescence.
+You can learn three interesting things from that.
+First of all, and I find that the best -- until now I have no idea if the Senate has ever confirmed the title.
+Barack Obama, president Obama, he just slept on the title, waiting for the Senate to become active.
+Secondly, you learn that if a government says something is temporary -- you wait two more years later.
+And thirdly, and this is really the most important point, is that the president of the United States of America now sounds so humiliation, doesn't sound as humiliated anymore, doesn't it?
+This has to do with 5,000 nuclear warheads, which has the largest economy in the world and one fleet of drones and all that stuff.
+In fact, history has given the cover story.
+And that's how the Senate ended.
+They have a respectful title.
+And the other concern about the Senate, which seems to have been so, at the time, was that.
+But you know how many nations do you have a president?
+147: Yes.
+Because they all want to sound the way the guy 5,000 nuclear warheads do, etc.
+So at the end of the Senate, the Senate and the Movement lost because no one feels humiliation when one tells you that you are now the president of the United States.
+And that's the most important thing you can take away from, and I'll leave you with.
+Politicians are trying to use words to shape reality and control reality, but actually changes the reality much more than words could ever change reality.
+Thank you.
+So I got in a truck at about 50 rebels at the fight against DMV in D.C. -- a 19-year-old, vegetar surfer from Jacksonville, Florida.
+I swap my black shoes against a pair of leather-and-white leatherbacks and fired a rocket in the government's office that I couldn't even see.
+This was the first time I'd ever done this in Afghanistan.
+I've had a long time ago with the war, but by the way, I've been in a Pyjama party and a football party with a Saturday and a football players who were destroying the country with the communism, and I knew what that meant at all.
+But this is the geography of the self.
+And so I'm here to give you some sense of what's been called, South Korea, a radical artist, who's been living in Afghanistan for the past nine years, worked and created.
+So, there are all sorts of great things about art in Afghanistan, but I don't like rain, I just want to paint rains that requires the personality and authority and reorganizes and reorganizes and reorganize the reality and the reality that even uses a kind of fantastic reversive of people in order to try and understand the world we live in.
+I want to spend a day in life jihad -- jihad jihad jihad jihad against communists like "Popstar Bling" and used religious religious food and political corruption to enrich themselves.
+And what else can do to jihad is go to a parliament department and make a campaign with the slogan: "Wow! I'm rich and I'm rich."
+And they're trying to use this campaign to defy this mafias that are used as a national hero.
+I want to go to the corruption in Afghanistan with a project called "Right," where, instead of a police officer being a false control room, and instead of taking money from the streets of Kabul, but instead of bribes, being able to take money off of them, being able to take their money, and apologize in the name of the local police, and hope that they will take the 100 Afghans away from us.
+I want to see what the conflict in Afghanistan has become, I think, of the "moditarian conflict."
+The war and the aliens that came in with him, create a new environment for Style and fashion, by creating a fashion for military personnel where I was creating a secret set of stockpiles with a domestic trawling in a corporate Virtual loop or a multiple interior eyes in a folk West.
+And I'd like to see what a simple shoes from Kipling was in Kabps's "The 1799 of Kiplings" in this country would look like to create a dialogue about the present-day development of the white man's roots over the past, "The Brahmin Man" to protect themselves from civil society, and perhaps a little bit of civil society.
+But for all of these things you can come to prison, they can be misunderstood, misunderstood.
+But I do it because I have to, because the geography of the self requires them.
+That's my burden. What's your burden?
+Thank you.
+Hi. My name is Cameron Russell, and since I've been working on a model.
+I've been saying exactly for 10 years.
+I feel like I've built up a rotten tension in this room because I don't have to draw that dress.
+Luckily, I've got a little bit to make a transition here.
+This is the first time someone woke up at TED stage and pulls you out, so you can feel happy to see that.
+If a couple of women were really chronically praising, when I came out, you don't need me to tell me that later on Twitter.
+I also see that I'm pretty privileged because I can change in a very short 10 seconds what you're thinking.
+Not everybody has a chance.
+These stakes are very uncomfortable, and it's not a good thing I wanted to wear anyway.
+The hardest part is to take the sweater over my head, because then you all yell me, so if it's nothing, as long as it's over my head.
+All right.
+Why did I do it now?
+That was embarrassing.
+Well, hopefully not as embarrassing as this picture.
+A image is powerful, but a image is also superficial.
+I just changed your mind in six seconds.
+And in this picture, I never really had a friend.
+I felt very uncomfortable, and the photographer told me to put my back with my hand, and take my hand to this guy's hair.
+And apart from surgery or the wrongness that I've taken two days ago to the work, there are very few opportunities to change our oil, and our re-imagine -- although shallow and imperable, it is essential to our lives.
+Being fearless to be honest with me today.
+And I'm standing on this stage because I'm a model.
+I'm on this stage because I'm a lovely, white woman, and we call it a sexy girl.
+I'm going to answer the questions that people are always asking me, but in fact, honest way.
+The first question is, how do you become a model?
+I always say, "Oh, I got discovered," but that doesn't mean anything.
+The real reason I became a model is because of a winning winning in the genetic lottery and an important legacy and maybe you wonder what this legacy is made of.
+Now, in the last few centuries, we have defined beauty as not only "asymmetric and young and symmetrical in which we are programmed for biologically but also as great, feminin and light.
+This legacy has been created for me, and it's a legacy I think is paid for.
+I know there are people in the audience who are skeptical, and maybe some fashion people might call themselves "Have-no-y. Joaner. Lith."
+And I first came up with your model guy: Very impressive.
+But I'm sorry to tell you that in 2007, a very ambitious doctor in NYU had all of the model to walk on NYU, each one who was booked, and that by six77, there were only 27 or less than four percent of us that.
+The next question that's always asked me is, "Can I get a model if I grow up?"
+And I first started saying, "I don't know, it's not in my responsibility."
+But the second answer I really want to give to these little girls is, "Why?
+You know what? You can get everything.
+You can become President of the United States or the inventor of the Internet or an Ninjaz-Being leader, which would be totally wrong, because then you'll be the first."
+And when they tell that great story, "No, Cameron, I want a model," I say, "Whoas my boss."
+Because I don't have a responsibility for nothing, and you could be the CEO of the American Vogue or the CEO of H&M and the next Steven Meisel.
+To say that later you want to be a model, like saying that you want to win the Jackpot in the lottery.
+You can't affect it, and it's fantastic, and it's not a career.
+Now, I want to show you 10 years ofball models, because unlike the cardiac surgeon, it can only be designed right now.
+If there's a photographer there, and the light is just there, as a nice beam of light there, and the customer says, "Cameron, we want to run a photo," and then we want it to go back, that arm goes in the back, the arm goes in front of three-quarters, and you just move back and there, just look backwards and then you see your imaginary friends, 300 times 500 times, 500 times 500 times 500 times 500 times 500 times 500 times 500 times 500 times.
+It looks something like this.
+I hope that's less weird than that in the middle.
+This was me. I don't know what happened there.
+If you end up school and you've done a few jobs and a life, you can't say much more. If you want to be president of the United States, but when you say "10 years of living, you'll be a very strange model."
+The next question that's often asked me is, "Who will be saved by all pictures?"
+And yes, all of the photographs are being reacted, but this is only a small part of what's going to happen.
+This is the very first photo I ever did, and it was the very first time that I ever had a biography of Bikini, and I didn't even have my period.
+I know this is going to be a pretty personal person, but I was a young girl.
+This is how I saw a few months earlier with my grandmother.
+This is me on the Shooting day.
+My friend had to be in the ward.
+This is me on a pajama party a couple of days ago, a Shooting French Vending party.
+That's me and my soccer team and V-Day.
+And that's me today.
+And I hope you'll see these pictures are not images of me.
+They're constructions, and they're a group of professionals, of Hair and makeup and photographer and photographers and Stynists and all their assistants and all their post-docs and production. They're not me.
+Okay, now the next thing that people always ask me is, "Can you get stuff for free?"
+Yes, I have too many 20-meter shoes I can never wear, except the things I'm free to, are things that I do for the real life that I get in real life, and talk about it.
+I grew up in Cambridge, and one day I went to a store and I had forgotten my money, and they gave me the dress for free.
+As a teenager, I was driving in my friend, a horrible driver, and she was driving over a red light, and of course we were just called "Sorry, Mr. Remind, Mr. Remind," and now we could go on.
+I got these free things for my appearance, and not because of my personality and there are people who are paying for their looks and not paying a lot of their personalities.
+I live in New York, and I live in 140,000 teenagers who've been stopped last year andfiltz, 85 percent black and Latino and most young men.
+It's only 20,000 young males and Latinos who are struggling with the question, "Whoas I stopped?"
+It's like, "How often am I going to stop? When am I going to stop?"
+And what I found out of my research on this talk is that 53 percent of all 13-year-old girls in the United States don't like their bodies, and this number goes up to 78 percent when they've grown 17.
+The last question to me is, "How is it going to be a model?"
+And I think they're expecting this response: "If you're a little bit thinner and gloomy hair, you feel really happy and fabulous."
+And he gives us an answer that may give you that kind of impression.
+We say, "It's really great to travel, and it's great to work with creative people."
+All this is true, but it's only half of the story, because what we never tell the camera before, I never told you, is, "I feel uncomfortable."
+And I feel unsure because I have to think about my look every day.
+And if you ever ask yourself, "Would I be happier when I have thinner and shiny hair?"
+And you should meet a couple of models, because they have the most thin legs and the coolest hairs and the coolest class, and they are probably because of their appearance, I guess, of the first women on the planet.
+When I was prepared to have this talk, it seemed really difficult to move me up, because on the one hand, I felt very uncomfortable with saying, "I've got all the benefits to put my favor in the platform, and it also didn't feel very good about the fact that it makes me happy."
+It was especially difficult because of oppression and race and race, if I one of the biggest good devastations of it.
+But I'm also happy, and I'm so honored to be here, and I think it's been great that I managed to get it to be more or 20 or 30 years before my career is filled up, because then I probably wouldn't have been able to tell my first job, or I might not have paid college to do that.
+If you take something like this talk, hopefully that we'll all recognize the power of image in our image and failures a little bit more.
+Thank you.
+I've never forgotten the words of my grandmother, who's come around life: "Son, Gaddafi. Be up with him.
+But, never ever get to something like a Gaddafi revolution."
+It's been two years since the Libyan revolution has broken, inspired by the waves of mass masses both the Tunisian and the Egyptian revolution.
+I was spending so many others at Libentologist, in Libya, to ask a day to demand a revolution and launch a revolution against the Syrian regime.
+And she was there, a big revolution.
+Young women, Libya, men and women, in the front row, asked the end of the regime, said slogan of freedom, dignity and social justice.
+They showed some irrational courage by putting the brutal dictators against Gadda.
+They have shown a strong sense of solidarity, from the far east to the far east, to the south.
+After six months of brutal war and almost 50,000 dead wars, it's compelled us to liberate our country and tyrant.
+But Gaddafi has left a big legacy, a legacy of tyranny, a legacy of corruption and the basis for change.
+Over four decades, Gaddafis has syrannized both the infrastructure and the culture and the moral structure of the Olympic society.
+The challenge and the conscious challenge I'm firmly consciously recognizing is how many other women are building civil society resurrecting a certain and just asking for the sake of democracy.
+Well, nearly 200 organizations were founded while the case was Gaddafi, in Benghazi, nearly 300 in tripolis.
+After 33 years of exile, I came back to Lynbiebies, and with unique enthusiasm, I started organizing the issues of human development and leadership skills.
+With a wonderful group of women, I started a peace platform by Libya, a movement of women, leadership development, where it is a movement of different spheres of life, a movement containing the goals of political fight for women and for our rights to a Jersey and peacebuilding education.
+When I was in the indiscriminate rig, I met with a very difficult environment, a polarized environment, a community that was largely polarized by the selfish political and comfort of domination.
+I was CEO of Libya for a national election company to achieve a law containing every citizen, no matter what kind of citizen should vote, and to vote, and to pursue the law between political parties and horizontal planes and horizontally correlated with them.
+At the end, our initiative was taken over and over.
+Women won a 17,-percent a percent of Congress in the first elections of 52 years.
+But for sure, the euphoria had euthanized choices and the whole revolution -- because we woke up to new news every day.
+One morning, we woke up to the melody about pesticides and soup.
+And on another morning, we got news about the murderers, and we got the message from the American.
+Again, another morning, the killing of epiphany was reported.
+And we wake up every day under the gentleman's masters of the military and their ongoing nobody's rights to the human rights and abuse of their rules and laws.
+Our society, shaped by a revolutionary mentality, polarized and removed from the ideals and principles -- freedom, dignity, social justice -- that she had just argued at the beginning.
+Inlerance, out of our minds and revenge became the icons of the revolution.
+I'm not here today to inspire you the success story of our reef-and-rolls and the election.
+In fact, I'm here to stand here today to say that we, as a nation, that made the wrong choice and the wrong decisions.
+We've put our priorities wrong.
+Because the election did not bring peace, stability or security to Lynan.
+Did the rat turn off the white and inter-evaluative change between female and male-pattern peace and national reconciliation?
+No, it didn't.
+What is it then?
+Why is our society still polarized and dominated by itself of the dominance and the end of both men and women?
+Maybe the women were not the only ones who failed to be, but the female value of compassion, the gardens and of the inmates.
+Our society needs a national dialogue and primarily as they needed the election, which ended up having only convinced the polarization and discovery.
+Our society needs qualitative embodiment of female more than it needs to have the depletion of the female's female body.
+We need to stop being on the name of the anger and to demand one day a day of revenge.
+We need to start acting on behalf of compassion and in the name of compassion.
+We need to develop a female discipline that not only worthy of the next but also worthy of the inferences: sadet, collaboration, collaboration, not competition, but also of competition.
+These are the ideals of a war that needs a war of roost poetry to get peace.
+Because peace has an alchemy and this alchemist is about the gender equality and the masking perspective.
+That's the real knuckle.
+And we need to make that exist before we do it so neocortex.
+After a verse from "Salamam" -- Friede, the word of the cash, "the one in the mid-so-sk."
+The word "rah" that has all been known in thebraic tradition, the same Arab root as the word "rahem" -- mother — and symbolic — that every human being around the man, the female and the female, has gone from every tribe, all the tribes and all the tribes.
+And just like the mother's embryo that grows in him, completely around the framework of compassion the whole existence.
+So, we said, "My Gnade gave us all things."
+So we said, "My Gnade has pretended to have a control from my limb."
+For each of us, we may be considered the favor of the GNH.
+Thank you.
+When I was little, I thought my country was the best in the world, and I grew up with the song "Nattle."
+And I was very proud.
+In school, we learned the history of Kim Iluk, but we didn't learn much about the world out there, except that America, South America and Japan are our enemies.
+Although I often wondered how the outside world is, I thought I would spend all my life in North Korea, up to a radically different moment.
+At the age of seven, I first saw public execution, but I thought my life was normal in North Korea.
+My family was not poor, and I didn't have to suffer from even hungry.
+But in 1995, my mother brought a letter to me, from the sister of a colleague.
+And she said, "If you read this, our five family members aren't going to be up in this world, because we've had nothing in the world for two weeks.
+We lie down on the ground and we're so weak that we're dying."
+I was so shocked.
+I heard for the first time that people were suffering in my country.
+Shortly after that I left the station, I saw something horrible that I can't delete my memory.
+A empty woman was lying on the floor, and a savagely navory kid looking in her arm, with no help her mother's face.
+But nobody helped them, because they were all so busy busy taking care of themselves and their families.
+In the mid-1990s, there was a big famine in North Korea.
+At the end, more than a million North Korea had fallen over the victims of famine, and many more survived because they had grasses and a cockroaches and a tree.
+With all the power of the stream, the waste is so encapsulated more and more often, except for me, China's lights are on the other side of the bank, where we lived.
+I always wondered why they had lights there, and we weren't there.
+This is a satellite picture of North Korea and his neighbors at night.
+This is the river of Amrook, which is part of the border between North Korea and China.
+And you can see that the river can be very strange, and it allows North Korea to have the escape.
+But a lot of them die.
+Sometimes I would see dead bodies moving across the river.
+I can't tell you a lot about how I left North Korea, but I can tell that while I was sent out to the defamine for China during the late famine, they were sent to China.
+I just thought that I would be separated of a short time of my family.
+I never thought it took me 14 years to re-explained.
+It was very difficult in China to live in a young girl without a family.
+I had no idea how life would be like the North Korean refugees, but soon I learned that it's not only extremely difficult, it's also very dangerous because North Korea are going to be seen as illegal migrants in China.
+So I was living in constant fear that my real identity could fly, and you would end up in a terrible destiny with North Korea.
+One day my biggest nightmare happened when I was caught by the Chinese police and was taken to the police station.
+Someone asked me to be North Korea, so they tried to figure out my Chinese and asked me a bunch of questions.
+I was afraid that I was going to explode my heart.
+If anything seems ludicrous, I could get locked in and depended.
+I thought that was the end of my life, but I managed to control my emotions and respond to questions.
+After they finished asking him questions about the exit, one official official official said to them, "This was a falade.
+She's not North Korea."
+And they let me go. It was a miracle.
+Some North Koreans choose China in the foreign world, but many of them are caught by the Chinese police and rioting.
+These girls were very lucky.
+Even though they were caught, they were released with immense international pressures.
+These North Koreans weren't very fortunate to have.
+Every year in China, countless North Koreans are being wiped out in North Korea, where they are being locked up in a contaminated, or rioted, publicly available.
+Even though I was lucky enough, it's not so many other North Korea.
+It's tragic that North Korea must fight their identity and fight for hard survival.
+Even after they've learned a new language and work, their world can be turned upside down in a moment.
+After 10 years of hiding, I decided to go to South Korea, and again, I started a new life.
+I was more challenging to address that, I thought I had thought.
+English was so important in South Korea that I had to start learning my third language.
+And I also saw the big difference between North and South Korea.
+We're all Koreans, but inside them we've evolved a lot apart because of 67 years of this.
+I went through an identity crisis.
+Am I South Korean or North Korea?
+Where am I going? Who am I?
+Suddenly, no country had ever done that my home would have been.
+And although I'm looking at the adaptation of the Southern life, I didn't really have a plan.
+I was ready for college campuses.
+Just as I was used to my new life, I got a call for this.
+The North Koreans started the money I sent out, and as a punishment, my family was forced to occupy a remote location in the countryside.
+They had to escape as quickly as possible, so I started planning their escape.
+North Koreans have to incredibly backwards from their way to freedom.
+It's almost impossible to cross the border between North and South Korea, and ironically, I took a flight back to China and made me a way to the North Korea.
+Because my family didn't speak Chinese, I had to run it through over 2,000 miles because of China and then to Southeast Asia.
+The bus was taken a week, and we were getting caught almost more.
+Once, when the bus was held, a Chinese police officer came in.
+He took the premise of everybody, and started asking questions.
+Not a Chinese family, so I thought they were going to be dead.
+When the Chinese official, I spoke at the office and said that they were deaf, and I was their leader.
+He looked at me selectively, but fortunately he believed me.
+We managed to read it down to the edge, but I had to use almost all my money to pay the border guards of Laose.
+But even after we crossed the border, my family were pushed into incarceration due to the limit.
+After I ran money and bribes, my family had released me within a month, but for a moment, my family was incarcerated in the capital city of Laos.
+This was one of the biggest setbacks in my life.
+I had all done to help my family's freedom, and we were so close to it, but my family was arrested just before the South Korean message.
+I went down there, and I went around to the policing agency, and I was desperate to liberate my family, but I didn't have enough money to pay bribes or money.
+I lost all my hope.
+And the voice asked me, "What is the voice?"
+I was completely surprised to learn that a stranger is taking care of them.
+In a broken English and in a dictionary I would explain to my situation and not knowing that he was going to a banker, and I paid another one for my family and two other North Korea to get them out of jail.
+And I thank him for a whole lot of my heart, and I asked him, "Why do you help me?"
+"I don't help you," he replied.
+"I'm helping the North Korean people."
+And I realized that was a symbolic moment in my life.
+And the earlier stranger, to me, symbolized a new hope that the North Korea had to have so much stronger, and he showed me the kindness of strangers and the support for the international community as the hopeers who need the North Korea.
+Finally, after our long journey, my family and I were back together again in South Korea, but the freedom to go back is just a step.
+Many North Koreans will be separated from their families, and as soon as they enter into a new country, they start with very little or no money.
+The international community can help us with education, English, the profession and many more.
+We can also be the bridge between people in North Korea and the outside world, because many of us still remain in touch with families, and we're sending them information and money that helps North Korea change from the inside.
+I was so lucky to have so much help and inspiration in my life that I hope I'd like to help protect the most important North Korea that you can help with international support.
+I'm sure you'll see much more successful North Korea around the world, including onstage TED.
+Thank you.
+I've only got one request today.
+Please don't tell me I'm normal.
+I want to introduce you to my brothers now.
+Remi is 22, and very good-looking.
+He can't talk, but he communicates in a way that some of the best speakers couldn't talk.
+Remi knows what love is.
+It unconcanny, and it sets it uncontained.
+It's not greedy. It doesn't look at the color of the skin.
+He doesn't care about religious differences, and imagine he never told a lie.
+When he's singing songs from our childhood, it's still trying to remember the words I still remember, he reminds me of one thing: how little we know about the mind and how wonderfully the unknown must be.
+Samuel is 16. He's big. It's very handsome.
+He has an absolutely unknown memory.
+He's got an selective one too.
+He can't remember if he would select my chocolate a cost to this, but he remembered that every piece of my life on iPod, conversations that we had when he was four of the first telegraph on my arm and Lady Gagas.
+Don't they listen to?
+But a lot of people don't agree with that.
+And in fact, because their mind doesn't fit into the social version of normal, they're often understood and wrong.
+But what struck my heart and my soul was that even though this was the case, even though they were not seen as usual, that this was only an extraordinary one: that they were authentic -- autistic and extraordinary.
+Now, for those of you who are not familiar with the term "asism," it's a complex function of the brain that affects social communication and sometimes physical abilities.
+It's extremely different in each individual, so Remi is different from each individual.
+And every 20 minutes in the world, every 20 minutes, if you notice that a new person has the fastest growing development of the world, you have no known cause or healing.
+And I can't remember the first time I met autism, but I can't remember a day without it.
+I was only three years old when my brother was born, and I was so excited that I had a new creature in my life.
+And after a few months, I realized he was different.
+He screamed a lot.
+He didn't want to play the way that other babies did, and in fact he didn't seem to be very interested in me at all.
+Remi lives and he walked into his own world with his own rules, and he found the fun thing about the car, about a row in a row, to stare at the washing machine and eat everything that he's ever able to do.
+And as it got older, it got different and the differences got visible.
+But behind the anger and the frustration and the crusty and the never-ending hyperactivity was anything that was truly a just -- a pure nature and innocent boy who saw the world without prejudice, a human, had never lied.
+It's extraordinary.
+Now, I can't deny that there were a couple of challenging moments in my family that I wished they were just like me.
+But I'm going to go back to the thoughts that they taught me about issues, about individuality, about communication and love, and I understand that these are things that I would not want to trade for normality.
+Normality about the beauty that gives us the difference, and the fact that we are different doesn't mean that one of us is wrong.
+It just means there's a different kind of right thing.
+And if I could just tell one thing to Remi and tell you, it's not normal to do.
+You may be extraordinary.
+Because, oh my God or not, the differences we have -- we have a gift! Everybody has a gift in them, and in all of us, the very nature of normal is the ultimate victim of potential.
+The chance of scale, progress and change dies at the moment when we try to be somebody else.
+Please don't tell me that I am normal.
+Thank you.
+And Doc Edge has fulfilled us with awe and curiosity that photograph would open up a second, and with a space-time, a spoop strith of a second.
+But now, 50 years later, we're seeing a million times faster, and the world isn't at a million or a billion, but a second.
+I'm going to present to you a new kind of photography, the femtosecond technology, a new representation of how fast it can make light from the motion.
+And so we can use cameras to move beyond our view of the corner, or without looking inside our bodies and really ask myself what we mean by "Camera."
+Now, if I take a laser laser -- and I turn it into a billionth of a second -- and I do this, this is actually a package of photons, a millimeter wide and this is barely a millimeter wide, and this photon, and this project is going to move at the speed of light, and -- as I said, a million times as normal.
+So, if you take this project, and you take photons and you put it into this bottle, how are those photons going to break into the bottle?
+What is light in slow motion?
+So this whole event.
+So, consider this whole event, actually takes less than a nanosecond -- it takes light that's taken for that distance, but I'm able to slow this video down to the 10 billion light so you can actually see the light.
+No, Coca-Cola didn't fund this research.
+So, in this film, there's a lot going on, so let me analyze what's going on.
+The pulse that our project enters, begins with a photon, that starts to move through, and eventually breaks in.
+And part of the light comes outward at night, and you can see this spread of waves.
+Many of the photons finally get to the bottle, and explode in different directions.
+And you can see there's a bubble in the bottle walking around.
+Meanwhile, the waves start to move out of the table and, because of the reflections, you can see that the reflection on the top of the bottle is focused on some images.
+Now, if you take a common project and you put it back on top of that same track, and you put that video back in time to 10 billion times, you know how long you have to sit here to see the movie?
+One day, one week? No, one year.
+It would be a very boring movie -- from a slow, normal project to move.
+And what about something like still alive?
+And you can see again, these waves are flowing back to the table,he washes over the wall, and the wall washes.
+It's like taking a stone in a pond.
+It seemed like nature has a photograph, each of them, of course, a femtod image, but of course, our eye can do an image.
+But if you look at this tomatoes again, you'll notice that when the light flushs the Tomate, it'll keep on going, it's not going to be dark.
+Why? Because the tomato goes by, and light goes up and down in about a few seconds after a billion seconds.
+So, in the future, if this femto-collar camera is built in your camera, it could be that you could go out and see if a supermarket is without even touching it.
+So how did my team at MIT build this camera?
+So, as a photographer, you know, if you take a photo-a-time photo with a very short time of light, you have very little light, but we light-a-billion times faster than yours-years-old, so you're going to get as much light.
+So what we're doing is we're putting this project together, this photon, a million times and drawing it again, and again, with very clever synchronized cliches, and we're putting this computational data out to create this wetlands video that I showed you.
+And we can take all of those raw data and make it very interesting stuff.
+So Superman can fly.
+Other heroes can make us invisible, but what about a new superpower, for a future superhero?
+The idea is that we are putting some light on the door.
+It'll cover up, it'll go back into the room, it'll bounce back off the door, it's reflected back to the front, and ultimately we could use these more and more times the light mall.
+And this is not science fiction. We've actually built this already.
+On the left you see our femto-Namerala.
+Behind the wall is a puppet, and we'll put the lights on the door.
+After our paper was published in theNature, it was raised by Nature.com and they created this animation.
+We're going to fire these lights off, and they're going to be meeting these walls and these photons are all going to be blown up in all directions, and some of the photons will break down again, and then the door will re-offend, and then the door will re-growing light, and a tiny fraction of the photon, which will come back to the camera, but at the most interesting moment, they come back to the different times.
+And because we have a camera that is so fast -- our femto-Nameral skill has some unique skills.
+It's got a very good time scale, and it can look at the world speed of light.
+And of course, by knowing that distance from the door to the door, but also to the hidden objects, we don't know which distance it belongs to.
+By taking a laser and making a laser light, we can record a raw light that looks -- how does it really make sense of this screen, but if we take a lot of these pictures, dozens of these images, and they put them together and try to analyze the various light-based lights, we can see the hidden object?
+Can we see it in 3D?
+So this is our reconstruction.
+We have a few more before we can be able to put that in the lab, we could be able to avoid cars that are avoiding and see what's behind the curve, or we can look for dangerous laughs by reflected in the open window, or we can build endoscopes that are deeply embedded around the body, and also see map map objects around the body.
+But of course, because of the blood and tissues, this is a very challenging task for scientists, because now we're thinking about wetlands, a new version of medical imaging could actually solve the next generation of medical imaging problems.
+So, as with Doc Edgerton, even a scientist, the scientific theory has become an art of science, and I realized that all of the ultra-pabytes of data we're collecting every time, not only the scientific method is that we can create a new form of computer science and color, and we can also look at those waves. For those waves don't just look at the time, you can see the wave between every hump here. For each of these wave is just a couple of seconds.
+But there's something really fun happening here.
+If you look at the waves under the bottle, you'll see that the waves move away from us.
+The waves were supposed to move towards us.
+What's going on?
+It turns out we're incredibly busy at the speed of light, because we have almost loved ones and Einstein would love to see this image.
+The order, in the order of events, appear in the world, shows in the other direction, in order, in order, in order, in order, in order, in order, by putting the relationships of space and time, we can correct that bias.
+So whether it's for photography or whether it's a new version of building a new form for medicine or new representation that we've all been open to our data and have to be open to our website and hope that the creation and the research community are allowing us to stop putting together the megacation on a megabytes -- and start focusing on the next dimension.
+It's time. Thank you.
+There are many ways that our fellow human beings can improve our lives.
+We don't meet every neighbor on the street, so many sources don't get passed on, but we use the same public spaces.
+I've been trying to share more with my neighbors and more things like sticky, sound and chalk.
+And the projects that came from my question: how much rent do my neighbors pay?
+How can we borrow more things without imposing each other?
+How can we share our memories and understand the landscapes better?
+And how can we share our hopes for empty homes so that our communities have reflected our needs and dreams?
+I live in New Orleans, and I love New Orleans.
+My soul is pushed by the giant tadpoles, who've been a hundred years of love and dreams, and I trust a city in which there's always music.
+I think every time somebody snagging, there's a parade in New Orleans.
+In this city, some of the most beautiful buildings in the world are also the city, but it's also the city with most of the relying property in America.
+I live near this house, and I was thinking about how I could make it more beautiful, and so I was thinking about something that changed my life forever.
+In 2009, I lost someone I really loved.
+Her name was Joan, and she was like a mother for me. Her death came suddenly and unexpected.
+I have thought a lot about death, and I felt a great gratitude for my life, and it really brought me clarity about things that are important to me in life now.
+But it's hard for me to keep this view of every day.
+It's easy to lose in life, and forget about what's really important.
+With the help of old and new friends of an abandoned board in a giant blackboard, I wrote a giant giant blackboard and I said, "Because I want to die... Everybody who comes across a piece of chalk can think about his life and share his hope in this public place.
+I wasn't sure what I could do with the experiments, but the next day was the wall completely filled and kept growing.
+I want to share some sentences that were written by the people on the wall.
+"Give me a dying, I want to be sued for pirate supply."
+"Because I want to die, I want to stand a wide variety of International date."
+"I'm dying, I want to sing for millions."
+"I'm going to die before I start growing a tree."
+"Everything I want to live before I go, I want to live network."
+"I want to die before I do that, I want to hold it to my arm."
+"Everything I want to be, I want to be someone like cavalry."
+"Everything I want to be, I want to be myself."
+This perplexed place became a meaningful place, and the hope and dreams of people and dreams got me to laugh, to open wine and to be open-minded during the hard times.
+It's about knowing that you're not alone.
+It's about understanding our neighbors and our neighborhoods in a new and ways.
+It's about making space for leg and thinking and what it's most important to remember as we grow and change.
+I did this last year, and I received hundreds of messages from passionate people who wanted to build a wall with their communities, so my colleagues and I have been built a construction site, and now in places like Kazakhstan, South Africa, Argentina, Argentina and other walls.
+We've shown how much power our public spaces when we have the chance to share our voices and share more with others.
+Two of the most precious things we have are time and relationship to other people.
+In a world of increasingly sophisticated distractions, it's more important than ever before to look at things with real gaze and to think that life is short and sensitive.
+We're often held away to talk about death, or even just think about it, but I've realized that the preparation to death is one of the most empowered things we're most empowered.
+And the idea of death is to say that we are alive.
+Our collective places, what we find most important about individuals and our communities is we share more opportunities, fears and stories that share around us, can never help us create better places, to help us live better.
+Thank you.
+Thank you.
+So, I'm involved in a related math problem, a special problem for anybody who's involved in math is that we're like business leaders.
+Nobody really knows what we're doing.
+So today, I'm going to try and explain to you what I do.
+dance is one of the most human activities.
+We're evicted in the face of master ballet dancers and sagiric dancers, as you'll see.
+balletts are an extraordinary measure of knowledge and skills, and potentially a fundamental etiquette that could have a genetic component.
+Sadly, neurologic disorders like Parkinson’s disease are slowly eluded, and that’s what she’s doing to my adulter Janine, which at the time was a ballet-virtuos-virtuos-virtuos-virtuos-virtuos-virtuos-free.
+Over the years, we've made a lot of progress in treatment.
+But still, there are six million people around the world who suffer from this disease, and they have to have a disease that is causing symptoms of infantry and treasurable, which is why we need to have objective resources to discover the disease before it is too late.
+We need to be able to measure the formula, and ultimately, the only way to know if there's a cure for how we can answer that question.
+Moreover, this is for Parkinson's and other movements of the disease, so you can't do a simple blood analysis, and the best thing is that this 20-minute test for neurologists.
+You have to do it in the clinic. It's very expensive. It means, outside of clinical trials, it's never done. It's never done.
+But what if patients could run these tests at home?
+That would save a tough tour in the hospital. What if patients could do this test for themselves?
+It wouldn't be a expensive hospital.
+It costs 300 dollars, by the way, to look at neurologic departments.
+So I want to suggest to you a radically more cosmological method that we are trying to accomplish, because we're all, at least in a sense, a virtuous way, like my heel Janeiro.
+So here's a video of vibrating tribes.
+This is what happens in the common condition, when someone makes a squeaking, because we can think of all of these different ballet dancers, if we can create sounds, and we all have the genes for it, for example, FoxP2,.
+And it challenges the way ballet works.
+Think about how long a child needs to speak.
+By the way, we can determine the vibrating sensations of the vibrating tribes, and just like the limbs are affected by Parkinson's disease.
+You can see an example of inconvenient tissue.
+We always see the same symptoms.
+Trigger, weakness, clamation.
+The language actually gets a little more quiet, and it's an example of that.
+Now, the implications of that can be minimal, but with digital micro-machines and precision, with new machine learning, we now have a very advanced learning that's very advanced in terms of where someone is in a styranny between the disease and the health of the voice.
+How can these tests measure with clinical trials? Well, they're both non-invasive. The test with neurologists.
+It's not as much. The infrastructure is already there.
+You don't have to build new clinics for this.
+And both of these are exactly right. Those aren't the tests that are done by experts.
+So they can be done just by themselves.
+They're very fast, you know, 30 seconds or so.
+They're very cheap, and we know what that means.
+If you're a little bit cheap, you can actually use it at a great rate.
+And we can do this amazing goal here.
+We can reduce the difficulties we have for patients.
+Patients don't have to do routine control in the clinic.
+We can get objective data from a lot of observations.
+We can do low-cost mass studies for clinical trials, and we're starting to have the first time through a study of the population.
+We have the ability now to look for biomarkers for the disease before it's too late.
+Today we're going to take the first step towards that, we're going to start Parkinson's disease.
+With Aculabe and PatientsLike, we would like to have high-quality voices worldwide to own enough of these goals for the destination.
+We have calls that are three-quarters of a billion people on the planet.
+Anybody who has Parkinson's disease can call on a few cents to a few cents in the past, I'm sure we've reached only six percent of our goal in just eight hours.
+Thank you.
+When you sample from, say 10,000 people, you can tell who's healthy and who is not?
+What do you do with all these samples?
+What happens is that the patient's calls up during the call, whether that person's Parkinson's disease or not. OK.
+Some may not get to the end.
+But we collect a huge database of different circumstances, and what's interesting is that these conditions are important, because we're trying to figure out what are the actual markers for Parkinson's.
+At the moment, their 86 percent accuracy is 86 percent accuracy?
+It's much better.
+My student Thana'sis -- because he's done so fantastic work -- now it's shown that it's also working on the cellphone network, which enabled this project to be done, and we're at 99 percent accuracy.
+I call that an improvement.
+That means that people can call and call them the cell phone and get them to do the test, get people to use Parkinson's disease, keep your voice up, so that the doctor can look at the progress of the disease.
+Right.
+Thank you very much. Max Little, ladies and gentlemen.
+Thank you, Tom.
+Here I live. I live in Kenya on the southern edge of the Nairobi National Park.
+In the background, you see the cows and the backs behind the cows is the Nairobi National Park.
+The Nairobi National Park is only embedded in the south, and that means that poachers can leave the park like zebras at any time.
+The predators, the lions, follow them. And then they do this.
+They kill our livestock.
+This is one of our cows that was killed after I was in the morning, and I found it, and it was awful. It was our only bullshit.
+My tribe, the tribe of the masses, believes that we were with our animals and the landsland, so our animals eat so much.
+Even as a child, I learned to hate lions.
+Our warriors are called homicides, and they protect our stem and our herds too because of this problem.
+They kill the lions.
+Here's one of six lions that were killed in Nairobi.
+And I think that's why there are just a few lions in Nairobi.
+In my tribe, a boy between six and nine years old, he was responsible for his father. It also made me.
+I had to find a solution.
+My first idea was fire. I fear lions.
+But then I realized that wouldn't really help us, it would help us see the lions better.
+But I didn't give up. I went on.
+I had a second idea. I tried a birdwatch.
+I wanted the lions thought I was lying next to the cow.
+But lions are really smart animals.
+You see, the birds come back and go again, but next time they come and say, well that thing doesn't move, well, that's still there.
+And they attack and kill our livestock.
+One night I woke up the ball, and I was running around a cart and this time it didn't fall.
+Speak up for the light that is moving.
+I had an idea.
+Even as a young boy, I was working the whole day in my bedroom and I actually took the new radio apart from my mother, and she brought me over a lot, but I had learned a lot about electronics.
+I took an old car battery and I put it in a motorcycle that shows whether you want to turn right or left to turn. He's flashing.
+And I got a switch to turn on the lights and off.
+This is a little peaant lamp made out of a broken flashlight.
+And then I built it all together.
+The solar panels charge the battery in the direction of the battery to the direction of electricity, and I'll call it a trans-orbital device.
+And the direction of this reverberation.
+You can see the Birns showing off, because they're coming from the lions.
+And this is what the lion looks like when they come.
+The lights flashing and the lions believe I'm going around the air, and I'm in bed all the time.
+Thank you.
+I've been install this in my home, and since we've had problems with lions.
+And then our neighbors got away.
+One of them was this grandmother.
+She had lost a lot of her animals on lions and asked me if I could install the lights.
+And I said, "Yeah."
+I installed the lights. You can see the lions in the background.
+Since then, I've taken seven houses in the neighborhood with the lights and worked really well.
+Now, my idea is used throughout Kenya for other predators like hyenas or leopards, and they also serve the lights that serve to keep the elephants away from their farms.
+My invention helped me to a scholarship on one of the best schools in Kenya, Brookhouse International, and I'm really excited.
+My new school is focused on my new school, helping donations and education.
+I actually brought my friends home, and we install them wherever there are no lights, and I show people how to use them.
+A year ago, I was just going to be a boy from the savanna, watching his father's cow, and I was watching airplane over me and said, "I'm going to sit in one day."
+And here I am.
+I was allowed to travel on a plane for my first TED Talk.
+If I'm big, I want to be an airplane engineer and pilot, it's my big dream.
+I used to hate lions. But through my invention, I can save the cows and the lions, and we can share side with the lions without the lion.
+Ash Ashê Olen: In my language, it's a great deal to you.
+You don't know how exciting it is to hear a story like you did.
+So you've got this scholarship now. Yes.
+You work on other electrical inventions.
+What's next on this list?
+So my next invention, well, I'm working on an electric fence. A electrocardioe?
+Yeah, I know, electric fences have already been invented long, but I want to have my own.
+You've tried it before, yes -- I tried it again, but trying to give up because I got a blow.
+All of it is hard, Richard Turer, you're a little special.
+We'll fire you at every step of your journey, my friend.
+Thank you very much. Thank you.
+Since I've been old enough, I've been able to hold a camera in my hand, photography is my passion. But today I want to share with you 15 of my favorite pictures, and not a single one of them I've done.
+There was no sort of a kicker, no style, no way to shoot a painting, not even the lighting was used.
+And to be honest, most of them were shot by random tourists.
+My story starts when I was a talk in New York, and my wife, this picture I had on her first birthday on my arm, and we were at the corner of 57, 5th and 5th.
+And so, just a year later, we were back in New York, so we decided to shoot the picture again.
+Well, you can see where this is going...
+When my daughter came out, my wife said, "Hey, why don't you make a Sabina and do it on New York, to lead the ritual for the ritual?"
+And so back then, we started asking for a very tourist to start with us.
+You know, it's remarkable how universal the gesture is if you're totally destined to a stranger to his camera.
+No one ever said no, and fortunately no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, I'm not kidding, but somebody has ever felt it.
+At the time, we didn't know how much these journeys would change our lives.
+This journey has become very sacred.
+This was taken just weeks after 9/11, and I had to explain to you what happened on the day that a five-year-old can understand it.
+These images are much more than just a moment ago, or a particular journey.
+They are also a way for us, to stop and to stop changing our time and how we change our year, not just in physical ways.
+Because although we're always doing the same picture, our perspective of Maltese Falcon is changing, as it's growing new milestones, I can see life with its eyes, seeing it all with it, and seeing it all with it.
+This is a very intense time that we spend our lives arguing about and expecting every year.
+So, just the last time we would travel, and we would suddenly stop looking like we would see on a red brand that had learned to make a puppet and that kid would love when they were little kid.
+And she told me about her feelings that she felt like she had invented five-year-olds at this point.
+She said she remembered her heart jumped from the chest nine years ago, when she first saw the store.
+And now she's looking up in New York at college because she's really interested in college.
+And it struck me, the most important thing we all create, is memories.
+And so I want to share with you the idea of taking an active role in consciously from memory.
+I don't know what it looks like to you, but apart from these 15 images, I'm barely a family photograph.
+I'm always the one who does the picture.
+I want to encourage anybody to come and question this image, "Do you want to make a picture of who you are?"
+Thank you.
+When I was in my 20s, I had my first psychotherapy.
+I was a graduate student, and I was a cliche student at Berkeley.
+She was a 26-year-old woman named Alex.
+And when Alex came to the first session, she wore jeans and a cultized top of the sofa in my office, and she fell on the sofa and she told me she was there to talk about men's issues.
+And when I heard that, I was relieved.
+And my commanditon actually got a firefighter than the first patient.
+And I got a woman in the'20s who wanted to talk about boys.
+I can do that, I thought.
+But I didn't get it.
+With the funny stories, Alex was kind of brought in the seatbelt, I was easy for myself to nodding when we were growing up the problems we were actually looking down at.
+"30 is the new 20," Alex said, and by the way I could estimate it was right.
+Work came along later, Hungarians later, kids later, even death later.
+People like Alex and I didn't have anything for a while.
+But soon as my caregiver, Alex's love for life.
+I stopped it.
+I said, "Yeah, she's getting in her level with men under her level, she's sleeping with a shit, but she's not going to marry him."
+And my caregiver said, "Nothing, but maybe she'll get married next.
+And the best time is to work on Alex's marriage, which before she got married."
+That's what psychologists call a "a-bomentment."
+That was the moment when I realized that 30 new 20s are not the new ones.
+Yes, people leave home to be domesticated, but that's what Alex's 20s didn't make it to develop.
+Alex's 20th-century Alex's time to optimal development, and we were sitting there and we were leaving it.
+And I realized that this kind of harmless naive concern was a serious consequence with real consequences, and all of it was to have Alex and her love for the career, families and all the people in the 20s.
+There are 50 million people in the United States at that point.
+We're talking about 15 percent of the population, or 100 percent when you think that no one's going to reach the age of 20.
+Melde you, if you're in your 20s.
+I want to see a couple of you.
+Oh yeah! You're all incredibly incredible.
+If you guys work with somebody in the 20s, you're in love with somebody who gets to lose their sleep, I want to see you -- great, great people in the 20s are really important.
+And my particular area is that in the 20s, because I think every one of these 50 million people, I think, should know what psychologists and neurologist and fertility is long enough to know what a prevailing and yet the simplest and yet even the most basic of the work you can do for love, perhaps for the world.
+This isn't my opinions. These are facts.
+We know that 80 percent of the pre-menopausal moments are happening in time, 35 to 35.
+That means that eight out of 10 choices, experiences and a "What are you from your life, which is what you are to the middle of 30."
+If you're not panicking, you're panicking.
+This group is going to be fine, I think.
+We know that the first 10 years of a profession of exponential impact is going to have an impact on how much money you make.
+We know that if you're married to 30 percent of Americans, or you're living with the future mate or you're a relationship with.
+We know that his second brain is going to go off into the 20s and last big wax that goes up and down, and that's what adulthood means: whatever you want to do, this would be time to do it.
+We know that the personality changes over the course of the 20s more frequently than the lifetimes, and that the availability of women contributes to 28 their heights, and that by the time they get 35, the things get complicated.
+So in the 20s, you should really picture yourself over the body and the possibilities.
+If we think of the child's evolution of a child, we all know that the first five years of language are critical and attachment to brain development.
+It's the time when ordinary, everyday life has a profound impact on the future.
+But we hear a little bit about the fact that there's this thing called adult-a-flung and our 20-odd years are an important time to do.
+But you don't get to hear people in the 20s.
+The press is talking about the time transition.
+Scientists call this 20-dollar puberty.
+Journalists think of dumb things like, you know, people in the 20s, like "Twrix," or "Kidnoings."
+That's true.
+As a culture, we have trivialized what now is the defining decade for growing up.
+Leonard Bernstein meant that big things had to be done with a plan and a little time.
+Isn't that true?
+So what happens if you put someone in your head 20s and says, "You get 10 extra years of doing something out of your life."
+Nothing.
+That  At the  Ambien and the urgency had been hunkered, and it didn't happen.
+And so every day, intelligent people like you or your son or your daughters and daughters come to me something like, "I don't know my friend, but that relationship matters. I just mean the time."
+Or they say, "All I've been able to start my career 30 years is all good."
+But later it sounds like this: "My 20s are almost over, and I have nothing to show up.
+I had a better life than I had just finished."
+And then it stopped: "In my 20s, my partner was like the journey to Jerusalem.
+All of a sudden, everybody was walking around and having fun, but then the music suddenly went out and everybody started to sit down.
+I don't want to be the only one who stayed with me, and I think sometimes I got married in my husband because he was in my 30s' chair."
+Where are the people in the 20s?
+Don't do that.
+Okay, so this is very easy, but it doesn't make any mistakes, because it's so much.
+If there's been a lot of pressure on the 30s, there's been a tremendous amount of pressure in which a lot of extrasolarolars start out, a city, a three, and two children have a much shorter time span.
+Many of these things are incompatible and research results right now just a little bit easier to see, and more stressful than anything in the 30s.
+The post-doctids work means not to buy a red car.
+It means you can't do the career you want.
+And the thing about remember is that you can't have this child who you want to have, or you can't give a siblings.
+Too many people in the 1930s, 40s, they look at themselves and they say to me and they say, "What was I thinking? What was I thinking?"
+I want to change what people do in the 20s and think.
+This is a story that shows how it can run.
+It's the story of Emma.
+Emma came to my office when she was 25 years old because she had a identity crisis.
+She said she would love to work in art or Entertainment, but she didn't have yet decided she would have been cracked off in recent years.
+Because that was cheaper, she lived with her friend who had more team-behaved his rape than his ambition.
+And even though their 20s were tougher, their years were much worse.
+She often threw in the seats, but then she would gather around and say, "You can't pick your family, but your friends."
+And one day Emma came down and cried for almost all hour.
+She bought adress and she spent all of her morning letting her contact with her many contacts, but then she died in the blank place that came to the dictionary and said, "I'm sure you're asking..."
+She was nearly ysterical when she looked at me and said, "Who will be there for me if I had a car accident?
+Who will make me care if I have cancer?"
+And I had to tear myself up at that moment to say, "I didn't mean."
+But Emma didn't need a therapist who really cares about her.
+Emma needed a better life, and I knew this was her opportunity.
+I had learned to see the first patient of Alexis a lot since I first learned how to appear only in the womb, how Emma's going to fall within a decade.
+Over the next few weeks, I gave Emma three advice that every 20-year-old, whether or not 20-year-old should listen to a woman.
+First, I told Emma, she didn't have an identity crisis, she was more an identityist.
+So I said, "Well, let's try to find something that would keep going."
+Power which is a investment in you, investing in something that you want to be next.
+I didn't know about Emma's professional and nobody knows what the future of work looked like, but I know: identity capitalists create identity.
+So now the time for this international job is this practice, this practice, that she wanted to do this.
+I'm not talking about the discovery of the cites here, but the 20 who are not even a discovery at all.
+This is Proka's.
+I said to Emma, he said the world, but do what is wireless.
+Second, I said, the urban Spectification is overrated.
+Good friends are great for coming to the airport, but 20s that are squatting up to people who think like them, limit them, know what they know, what they think, how they talk, and where they work.
+This new thing, this new person, to the rigor comes from outside the box to your own.
+New things emerge, which is "sucker," which is from friends' whack.
+It's true that half of the 20 people in the world are in a denial or not at all.
+But half the time it's not and have gotten it there.
+Half the jobs are never written, so if you're contacted by your neighbors, your boss won't get you a job.
+It's not a conversation. It's how information spreads.
+The last advice: Emma thinks you can't pick the family, but your friends.
+This was true for her when she grew up, but as soon as she'd already spend 20 years looking for her family when she started a partner and started a family.
+I told her the time to choose a new family, now.
+You might think it's better to let yourself than 20 or 25, and I agree with you.
+But anyone you sleep or live in your life when everyone's married on Facebook is not progress.
+The best time to plan your marriage is before you have a thing and that's just as accurate as you are in love as you do when you're working.
+Your family, consciously, means consciously, consciously, and choose what you want, and not because it works, or somebody who has figured out your time to pick you up.
+So what happened to Emma?
+We went through her address, and she found the room of a cousin who worked in another state in a museum.
+This weak band helped her get a job.
+This work recipe gave her the reason she lived with her friend.
+Now five years later, she's an event for museums.
+She married a man he consciously consciously consciously consciously consciously.
+She loves her new career, and she's in the new family, and she's bringing in a card that says, "Now the line is not big enough."
+Emmas history sounds like it's all simple, but that's what I love about 20-year-olds.
+It's so easy to help them.
+20-year-olds are like starting airplanes, who are just leaving the airport and going somewhere else to the west.
+And the same way, after starting with this, a small change can be changed to the difference in Alaska or in Fiji.
+And this applies, in a similar way, for 21 or 29-year-old, a good conversation, a great TEDTalk can have an enormous impact over the years and even come across generations.
+This is an idea that all 20 people should achieve.
+It's as simple as what I said to Alex.
+I've had the privilege of sharing this 20-ods with 20 every day: those who aren't the new 20s, so he makes you an identity capital, use your pregnant band to look for yourself.
+Don't defy what you don't know, or don't do.
+Your life is going to decide on your own life.
+Thank you.
+In the entire computer history, it was always our goal, to shrink the distance between us and digital information that is the gap between our physical world and the screen where we can stick with our imagination.
+And that distance has gone smaller, smaller and smaller, and now it's smaller than a millimeter, which has become a touch screen for every single person.
+But I wondered what it would be like if there were no border at all?
+I imagined what that would look like.
+First, I designed this tool to transform the digital world into which digitally is very much the one that if you apply it to the screen, it turns the physical character into a pixel.
+Designers can practice their ideas directly at 3D, material, and surgeons can practice virtual organs under the screen.
+So with that instrument, the border was cut.
+But our hands still remain, outside the screen.
+How can we reach inside the digital information and use all of our hands to express themselves?
+I teamed up with Microsoft Cati Bou Boulanger, with my mentor, my computer, developed a new room and a little room on the keyboard in a digital job.
+And so by doing that, putting a transparent screen and deep-diving camera together, you can now put your hands up from the keyboard, into the 3D structure, and putting a bare hands up.
+Since the window and files have a position in the actual room, you can select them as easy to pick a shelf by a shelf.
+And then you can tag through this book and tag the lines and words, and all of this on the virtual touchpad underneath each window.
+Architects can actually stick their models straight to their hands and rotate them directly with their hands.
+So in these two examples, we're bringing in the digital world.
+But what if we just rotated that and get the digital information instead?
+I'm sure many of you have had experience buying articles and giving them articles back up.
+But now you don't have to worry about it.
+Here I have a "Online-Apmentedbine."
+And you get this view through a head-to-head, or through careful display when the system understands the geometry of our bodies.
+And this idea continues, I began to think about this, not only seeing the pixels in the room, but make them physically, so that we can touch and feel.
+What would a future look like?
+So at the Media Lab, I started my consultant's consultant Hirishi Ishii and my collaborator Rehi, a real poster.
+Now, in this case, this round magnet is putting together three-dimensional magnets in our world, which means that computers can move both anywhere, and people can move this object around -- at least in this little 3D structure.
+So we have this effect of gravity and control the movement by combining magnetically engineered and putting these activities together.
+By combining the digital object, we free it from the limits of space and time, so that by taking human movements now and putting them into the real world.
+For example, choir can be taught over long distances, or Michael Jordans famous shot can be re-growing again and again in the real world.
+Students can use this to learn more complex concepts of physics and physics, and unlike computers or text messages, this is a real and physical experience that you can touch and feel, and it's very powerful.
+And even more exciting than just what we have right now in the computer, is to imagine the way that the program will change the way that we do on the world.
+As you can see, digital information is not only going to show us anything, but starting to interact directly with us as part of our physical environment, without engulf us from our own.
+Now we've started talking about the limits of it, but when we remove the limit, the only limit of our imagination is.
+Thank you.
+I've been trained for two years to become a Turner, in Hunan, China in the 1970s.
+When I was in first grade, government wanted to send me on an athlete to school, all cost.
+But my mother said, "No."
+My parents wanted me to be engineers like her.
+After they survived the Cultural Revolution, they believed that the only way to happiness was a safe and well paid job.
+It doesn't matter whether I like the job or not.
+But my dream was to become a Chinese opera singer.
+This is me playing on my imaginary piano.
+An opera singer has to go through the early acrobatics' training process, so I tried to go to the opera school.
+I even wrote to the principal principal and the radio show.
+But adults don't like my idea.
+The adults didn't think it was serious.
+Only my friends were educating me, but they were also children, just like myself.
+And at age 15 I knew I was too old to start with training.
+So my dream would never come true.
+I was afraid that I could only hope for the rest of my life to be a second choice.
+But that's so unfinished.
+So I set myself in my head trying to find a different calling.
+No one to teach me something? It's good.
+So I turned to books.
+I still famined my advice with this book about a book called "Bai family and musicians." ["Bieal family. I found my role in an independent woman during the Confucian tradition that had meant being efficient. ["I am an efficient condition] ["I am a dozen books]
+["Sanaos"] ["Let the entire history of Nan Huaijin in 1995"] I came to the United States. And which books I read first?
+Of course, books that are banned in China.
+The Earth is about the Chinese farmer.
+It just didn't occur to propaganda. Have I understood that.
+The Bible is interesting, but strange.
+But this is a subject for another time.
+But the fifth commandment gave me a kind of epiphany: You're supposed to be your father and your mother."
+"Ehre," I thought, "That's so different and better than walking for a walk."
+That was the way I could free myself from the Confucian guilt and the relationship to my parents.
+By recognizing the encounter with a new culture, I began to compare to reading.
+And that provides a lot of insight.
+I found this map, for example, not really in terms of the Chinese students, because they were growing up here.
+It never occurred to me that China doesn't have to be at the center of the world.
+So a map says something about the personal perspective.
+Now, the really important thing is that reading isn't new.
+In academic world, it's a standard process.
+There are even some research areas like comparing religion and comparisons of literature.
+Compare, and contrast creates a more complex understanding of the subject.
+So I thought, what if reading reading is in research, why not in everyday life?
+So I started to read all the books simultaneously.
+You could negotiate from people -- ["Bomin Franklin"] Walter Adams"] he was involved in the same event by David McCullough, or by friends with shared experiences.
+["We print out of a Katharine Graham"] ["CG Graham"] ["CG Graham"CG Graham"] ["CG Buffett"] ["CG Buffett"] ["Academy Award Winner"] ["The Schroel' "] ["' a snow of Alice a snowflakes of various geniuses"] ["Japaneseigns"] ["Japanesel' "] ["James' "] ["Japanesel' "] ["Japanesel'
+For Christ, it was the temptation to create economic, political and spiritual nature.
+In Buddha, they were all psychologically logical, fear and social responsibility -- interesting.
+If you dominated by a foreign language, it's also fun to read the favorite books in two languages.
+["Stop a sea savanna"] Thomas Merton: The water's life of the black gyrus -- as Alan Watt of the translation of life"] So, I found out how much he could gain from it.
+For example, translation has become aware of the fact that "gathe Chinese" means "awn joy" in Chinese.
+"Bad" in Chinese, literally translated "new mother." Ohhoh.
+Books to me are like a magical shard of gate, and in my case, I have a connection to the past and present.
+I know that I never feel more lonely or I'll feel useless.
+A broken dream is really nothing compared to what many others have gone through.
+I've come to believe that it's not the only purpose of a dream to come true.
+It's important for us to get in touch with where dreams come from, where our passion and our happiness come from.
+Even a broken dream can fulfill that purpose.
+I'm here today, happy books, again, with a purpose in life, and with clear eyes, most of the time.
+Maybe you're always on the table.
+Thank you.
+Thank you.
+Thank you.
+When I was eight years old, a new girl came to class, and she was so impressed, like new girls always seemed to be.
+She had long, ridiculous hair, and there was never a little, cute little spooky, and she was good at the letter and the letter.
+In that year, I was also involved in jealous with a trawl plan until I reached reached an eddy bear.
+So I stayed in school a little longer, much longer, and I kept in the girls' toilet.
+When the air came in, I emailed myself to the classroom and I took the notebook notebook from the teacher.
+And then I did.
+I rigged the notes of my rival, just a few, a few.
+All one.
+And when I came back this book, I realized that some of my other classes had a pretty good grades.
+So I went and looked in the jealousy, and I saw all the notes without imagination.
+I gave all four of them and I gave myself one, because I was there all the time.
+I'm still dozens of behavior in my behavior.
+I don't understand where the thought came from.
+I don't understand why I felt so good about it.
+I felt really good.
+I don't understand why I was never punished for this.
+It was so obvious.
+I was never caught.
+But the thing that struck me is, why did it bother me so much that this little girl was so good at the letter?
+Now, jealousy wackyd me.
+It's such a mysterious, profound thing.
+We know babies are suffering from jealousy.
+Also, just like primates, the weirdos are very vulnerable to this.
+We know that jealousy is the primary reason for murdering marriage in the United States today.
+But I've never read a study to explain to me their loneliness, their longevity, or their mammal-mindedness.
+To do that, we've got to go to the literature, because the novel is the laboratory in which all of their possible shapes were analyzed.
+Is it an exaggeration to say that if we didn't have jealousy, we wouldn't have a literature?
+So no true Helena, no odys New Zealand.
+No more addictive queen, no adventure from 1001 night.
+No Shakespeare.
+And because we go through the reading lists of the U.S. lists, because we lose that, we lose that big and madness, and "Fiataby Bovara," "Moey Bovara Karenina Karenina."
+No jealousy, no Proust, I know it's come to fashion and say that Proust has the answer to everything, but he has really taken this to an egg.
+This year we celebrate 200th anniversary of his master's "The Lord of the lost time" and its green analysis of sexual etiquette and the normal race, which is my hope that we can have hope.
+Let's think about Proust, think of feelings. Right?
+We think of the little boy who's trying to sleep.
+We think of a piece of cake, in Lavendelndel put in there.
+We forgot about what his vision was.
+We forget how it is.
+Those books are a bit like Virginia Woolflies.
+I don't know how cat is, but let's say it's a powerful one.
+Let's see why the novel and the jealous, the jealousy and Protuste axes all so well together.
+Is it so obvious that jealousy, reduced to the person -- desire, obstacle, such a fixed basis for a story?
+I don't know. I think it's just hard to believe in pain, because think what happens when we're addictive.
+When we're jealous, we tell ourselves a story.
+We tell ourselves stories about other people's lives, and they make it so bad because they're designed to do it, that it's how we do bad.
+As a narrative in the story, and the audience know the details that it has to hold, you know, what kind of detail it needs to hit the ribs? Right?
+So jealousy does all of us to amateur floods, and so he knew prototyping.
+In the first gang, the novelists in the novel, the the novel, the the novelist, the the novel, the the the novelist, the Protei Swan, who's very loving, thinks about his beloved and how loving her, suddenly, in bed, he starts to become a set of sentences -- he's a set of sentences as long as he starts to say, "Hello! All I love with this woman, someone else's love.
+All she's doing, and what I'm really willing to do is give me joy and someone else's joy, maybe even at that moment."
+That's the story he tells, and he writes that in the resounding Proteus, the Swan, that he discovered, in his own set of resounding to "In 1500s."
+We have to admit, the Swan and Proustical, to be addicts.
+Prousts have had to leave the country if they'd want to end with him.
+But you don't have to be addictive about the fact that it's hard work, right?
+Now, jealousy is tiring.
+It's a hungry feeling that has to be caught.
+What is the jealousy?
+Now, jealous likes information.
+Now, jealous likes details.
+Now, jealousy may have long hair and little cuteness.
+jealousy may be pictures.
+That's why Instagram is so successful.
+Basically, the language of science and the jealousy connects.
+And when Swanmen have this jealousy, he suddenly goes to the door, and the people of his favorite, he defends this behavior.
+He says, "You may think this is a dismay, but it's nothing else to interpret a different text or look at a thought."
+He says, "There are scientific studies with real intellectual values."
+Proust tries to show us that jealousy is unreliable, and it's hard to look silly in its core, but in its core it's a search for knowledge, the truth, the more painful truth, and the protonching of truth, the better.
+Kump, humiliation, loss -- that's the path of wisdom.
+He says, "A woman we need to have that makes us suffer, dissident and broader spectrum as a man's genius, who's interested in us."
+Do we tell ourselves, are we going to look for some cruel women?
+No. I think he's trying to tell us that jealousy tells us something about ourselves.
+Is there another sense that it opens us up in this particular way?
+So does any other feeling give us our aggression, our hidden ambitions and our being?
+Does any other sense relate to this strange intensity?
+Freud later, about that.
+One day, Freud was raised by a very worried young man who adored him with the thought that his wife was cheating.
+And Freud says, "This man is kind of weird, because he doesn't even look at what his wife does.
+Because she's innocent, and everybody knows that.
+The poor creature is unemployed.
+Instead, he looks at things that his wife does without realizing it, so it's ineffective behavior.
+Could you smile them too much or just slam them together with a man?
+[French] is telling the man that the man is going to be the subconscious of his wife.
+The novel is very good at this point.
+The novel describes how jealousy would look at college, but not exactly what the novel looks like.
+Because the more addictive we are, the more it pulls us into a fan.
+So I think jealousy doesn't get us to do violent things or illegal things.
+And jealousy made us very, very inventory.
+And I think about the eight years that I've heard this story, but I also think I heard the story in the news.
+An 52-year-old woman based on Michigan, because she'd been raped by a Facebook account for himself for a year, a very terrifying message to himself.
+For a year.
+She tried to push her new friend of mine to the shoes, and I'm listening to that when I heard that, I responded with admiration.
+Because -- Let's be honest.
+What if so was that it also suffered from creativity, right?
+This is from a novel.
+This is from a novel by Patricia High School.
+Highsmith is one of my favorite writers.
+She's the most brilliant and most strange woman in America.
+From her, "weir a stranger" is in the train and "The talented Mr. Ripley," and all the books about how to act -- confused our spirit and are we in this realm of jealousy, in the membrane of the membrane, in which the membrane is, in between what and what might be pronounced in a moment.
+Let's take Tom Ripley, her most famous character.
+First, I want to start with Tom Ripley, and you've got what it is and then, you've had a sense of what you had gone from the ground, and it's like a grounding name, and it responds to your jewelry, he's empty.
+This is a method.
+But what should we do? We can't do it the way Tom Ripley has done it.
+I can't give the world four, even though I'd like to do it on some days.
+It's a shame because we're living in a lovely time.
+We live in a "eifer-Maner" moment.
+We're all good citizens of social media, with the currency of malnutrition. Right?
+Show us the romance? I'm not sure.
+But let's do what characters do when they're not sure they're in the ownership of a mystery.
+Let's go to the 221 Baker Baker Street and ask Sherlock Holmes.
+Think of the people who smile, think of his Nemesisiarty as a professor of Moriarty, this brilliant verb.
+But I always liked [Inconvenient] Lesadore, the head of Scotland with the face of a rat, who needs a rat, the Holmes Grail, but who needs him to.
+That's so familiar.
+So Lestrade needs his help, he pushed it, and, in turn, to predict, if you do so, you're a pity about it.
+But when she does come together, something starts to change, and eventually it gets into six Napoleon's "The Number of the solution," and all of the sudden, reading one of his answer is, "We're not naive in you, Mr. Holmes.
+We're proud of you."
+And he added that there wouldn't be a Scotland Yards, the Sherlock Holmes didn't want to shake their hand.
+This is one of the few times that we're seeing clapping in its stories, and I find this little scene in it very moving, but also secret. Right?
+It seems like that jealousy is not an emotional, it's a physical problem.
+At a moment, the reading is a different wavelength of reading.
+And they're on a wavelength right now.
+Suddenly, it allows readers to read this genius that he kept talking about before.
+Is it really that easy?
+What if jealousy were really just a physical problem? If it was really about, how would we relate to the other ones?
+Maybe we wouldn't be able to take someone out of an exaggerated cell.
+We could re-engage.
+But I do like emergency plans.
+While we're waiting, we still have a literature as a drop.
+Literature alone teaches the jealousy.
+Literature can ratify her, invite her to come.
+And who's coming together all of this is this: the good readers, the horrible Tom Ridley, the nerd Swan, the cradle, the Marcel Proust himself.
+We're in exotic society.
+Thank you.
+I was about 10 years old and I was on a trip to my father in the Adiron Mountains, a wilderness area in the northern part of the state.
+It was a beautiful day.
+The forest was built.
+The sun would have dragged down the petals, and if there were no pathogens, you would almost be able to consider that we were the first people to go through this forest.
+We arrived at our tent.
+I saw the little hut on a cliff, and I looked over a crystall saber, beautiful lake, when something horrible happened to me.
+Behind the roof was a garbage kilos -- maybe 4 square feet, with apple ridges, cubed metal and an old pipe.
+I was astonished, and I was angry and confused.
+The tents were too lazy to bring away what they had brought -- who, thought, would they dream?
+And I asked that question, and I asked her the question.
+Who are we going to dream?
+How do you turn it around or where the "un" might be, who dreamed of us in Istanbul?
+Who are we going to dream up in Rio? Or in Paris or in London?
+This is New York City dreaming in the city about 1,000 tons of trash a day and 2,000 tons of recycling.
+I wanted to meet her -- as individuals.
+I wanted to understand who does the job.
+What is it about wearing a uniform and wearing that clam?
+So I started a research project with them.
+I was driving down the truck, I was going down the route, interviewing people into the office and I was in the neighborhoods all over the city, and I was still learning a lot, but I was still an outsider.
+I had to go deeper than that.
+So I took a job as a cleaner.
+I didn't just go in the truck. I drove the trucks.
+And I was doing the mechanical figures and planting the snow.
+It was a remarkable privilege and an exciting experience.
+Everybody asked the smell.
+It's there, but it's not as present as you think, and days and days when it really is, you get used to it quite quickly.
+You get weighty in a heavy way.
+I know that the job that people did this job for many years, and the body still used to smuggle the weight that they carry on their bodies to carry every week.
+Then there's the danger.
+After the State of the Ministry of workings in the city, the top 10 most dangerous jobs in the country, and I learned why.
+You're all daytime in traffic, all over.
+Everybody wants to go by, and the car drivers aren't paying attention to enough.
+That's really bad for the workers.
+And the waste itself is full of poisons down from the trash truck and the terrible abyss.
+I also learned about the invisibility of waste.
+If you come from the curbing edge and you come to the back of the trash of the city, you will see that waste is like a natural forces itself.
+He keeps getting over.
+It's also like some kind of breathing or a sub-surface manipulation.
+It has to be in motion.
+And then there's the stigma.
+You put uniformly in uniformity and gets invisible, until somebody -- because they're too angry with the traffic, or paused by a car in their home, or drink a coffee in their local apartment, and they say they don't want to have a bite.
+And I find this stigma particularly ironic, because I find it hard for people to believe that the workers of the city are the most important jobs in the streets, and that's three reasons.
+They're the guards of public health.
+If they didn't remove the waste from the waste, every day and effectively, it would make it more efficient and more connected, and that would allow us to have very real ways.
+The diseases we've had for decades and centuries would spread out, and we harm ourselves.
+The economy needs them.
+If we can't throw away the old stuff away, we don't have room for the new economy to start. The motors start to fail when the consumer is extinct.
+I don't mean capitalism; I just inter-obvious to the resemblance.
+And then there's what I call our average, everyday speed.
+So I'm just talking about how fast we're used to movement these days.
+We don't care about repair our coffee cups, fix our bag, or fix our water bottle, or hold it to clean it.
+We take them, throw them away, forgetting them, because we know that there are people on the other side who are taking care of it.
+So I want to propose today a couple of ways that we can think about urbanizing the city to improve the stigma, and to bring it into this conversation of how to create a city that is sustainable and humanitarian.
+Their work, I think, sort of, is a depressed one.
+They see the streets every day regularly.
+They carry in many cities.
+You know when to expect them.
+And their work lets us do that.
+They're like resurrected.
+The process that they keep up right is safe from ourselves, from our intention, the treapass and this process has to be a priceless one, to keep up.
+On September 11th, I heard the thunder in 2001 the one-on-one thunder on the street, and I pulled my little son and ran the stairs off and there was a man who drove his paper bag, as he does every Wednesday.
+And I tried to thank him for his work -- on this day, but I started crying.
+And he looked at me, and he'd nodding, and he said, "All right, it's going to be good."
+All right.
+It wasn't until later, I began to meet my research career in urban centers and I met the man again.
+His name is Paulie, and we worked together a lot, and we ended up working with good friends.
+I wanted Paul to believe that Paulie was right.
+Everything is going to be good.
+But in our efforts to change the way we exist on the planet as a species, we also have to consider all the costs of human work.
+And we'd have to be informed, to reach the people that are doing their experiences, the way we're thinking about how we can solve sustainability issues, what's a remarkable success of roads over the last 40 years, across the United States and countries of this world, and us, to a horizon in a different way that we can look at waste in the production of waste and industrial sources.
+If we think about waste, we're talking about waste, three percent of the national waste stream is made up.
+It's a remarkable statistics.
+In your daily life, if you see someone's next time you're doing your job, taking a break for you.
+Take a second for a moment to thank you.
+Hello TEDWomen, what's going on?
+That's not enough.
+Hello TEDWomen, what's going on?
+My name is Maysoon Zaydid, and I'm not drunk, but my doctor is born at birth.
+He cut my mother six times in six different directions, and cut me poor little ones off.
+That's why I used to spend infantile savings, which means I'm putting all that time.
+Look at that!
+It's a dismay. I'm a cross between Shakira, Shakira and Muhammad Ali.
+Zebrain't genetically modified.
+It's not a birth defect; you can't get it.
+No one's got the uterus from my mother, and I didn't get it because my parents' first degree are what they are.
+You get it just by accidents, like the day that happened when I was born.
+I need to warn you. I'm not a source of inspiration, and I don't want anyone here to feel sorry about me, because you all have dreamed of being a disability in your life.
+Come on for a second.
+It's just about Christmas Day center, and you're spinning circles on a parking lot and what do you see?
+Six empty disabilities.
+And you think, "Why can I not be a little disabled?"
+I've got to tell you, I've got 99 problems and cerebral palsy.
+If there was a Olympics on the oppression, I would get a gold medal.
+I'm a Palestinian woman, Muslim, female, disabled, and I live in New Jersey.
+If you don't feel better now, I don't know.
+Cliffside Park in New Jersey, my hometown is my hometown.
+I love the fact that my crimes and my living are the same people.
+Similarly, I just love the fact that I could walk from my house to New York City if I wanted to.
+A lot of people didn't walk with CP, but my parents didn't believe in "Don't believe in a run."
+The mantra of my father was, "Yeah, you can do it! You can."
+So when I have three older sisters, I would sat around.
+When my three older sisters went to a public school, my parents walked away in so that I could go there and I couldn't get all the one, we were able to get the Panthesion of my mother.
+My father taught me how to walk when I was five, by putting his heel on his feet and just flies around.
+Another of his tactics was to have a dollar bill of my nose set in so I can start it.
+My inner-city military was very strong, and, yeah. So on the first day I went to kindergarten, who had a lot of trouble in my life.
+There were only six Arabs in my city, and all of my family were my family.
+Today, we have 20 Arabs in the city, and they're still all my family.
+I don't think anyone has ever noticed that we are not Italians.
+This was before 9/11, and before the politicians were preparing to use Muslims as a election campaign.
+The people I grew up with didn't have a belief with my faith.
+But they were worried that maybe I could star Ramadan.
+I explained that I could live from my body fat for three months, so fast-forward to sunset on the basis of the sun.
+I stopped Broadway.
+Yes, Broadway. Total crazy.
+My parents couldn't afford a physical therapy, so they sent me to dance school.
+I learned how to dance to heels, so I can run to heels.
+And I'm from Jersey, where it's really important to be chick, so if my friend were wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing wearing whatever I am.
+And when my friends were on the shores of Jersey, I wasn't.
+I spent my summer at the war zone, because my parents were scared that if we go back to Palestine every single summer, one day we will. Madonna.
+The summers were often coming out that my father wanted me to get a drink of deer, so I got drank, got savagely sat in the ocean, and I remember seeing that water in the eyes, and I thought, "It's working!"
+But we found a miracle. yoga.
+I have to say, it's really boring, but before I did yoga, I don't even want to be in a state of yoga.
+Now I can stand on my head as well.
+My parents always seemed to me that I was unable to always be able to do this, that no dream was impossible, and my dream was to play "General Hospital."
+And because of minority minority, I got a great scholarship at ASU, who was a state University of Arizona, because I lied to every minority.
+I was like, you know, the house was a -- it was a -- you know, it was a game-changer.
+Everybody loved me.
+I didn't get all the homework assignments for all of my kids, getting all my classes, getting all their courses in all of them.
+Every time I played a scene from "The glass bet, my teachers would scream."
+But I never got a role.
+In my graduate years, ASU has finally launched a piece called "Tell You You You You You You You're dancing in Jackson."
+A piece about a girl with CP.
+I was a girl with CP.
+So I yelled everywhere. I get a role.
+I have cerebral palsy!
+Finally, good.
+Thank God I am free at last."
+I didn't get the role.
+Sherry Brown was getting the role.
+I climbed in the ladder to the head of the ladder, crying, when someone shot my cata and asked me why. She told me she thought she was going to pray for me that I wasn't going to get the stunts.
+I said, "Sorry, if I can't do the stunt, then the character can't."
+I was born upright for this role, and they gave an actor with no CP.
+The university was thriving.
+Hollywood is perfectly well known to have physically healthy actors play.
+And after I graduated from college, I moved back home. My first role was as a statue in a soap.
+My dream come true.
+And I knew soon that I was going to get off the topology of "Raregas" by the mad friend.
+But instead, I stayed in a glamorized furniture just by the back of the head, and I realized that Casting detectors weren't a loosely thy, disabled actor.
+They just put a perfect person.
+But the exceptions confirm the rule.
+I grew up with Whoopiberg, Roseanne and Ellen and Ellen and all these women had one thing in common: They were coma.
+So I became a complication.
+My first job was to be a famous show from New York City show in New Jersey, and I'll never forget the face of the first comrade I ever heard when he realized that he was on the street with a mouse CP when he was a driver.
+I've gone all over the U.S., I've also done shows in the Middle East, uncensored and unchanging.
+Some people say I'm the first commut in the Arab world.
+I don't like to call myself the first, but I know they've never heard of the bad little odor that women are not funny, and they find us scary.
+In 2003, my brother and father started another mother, Dean Obeidallah, and I, with the New York Times, American-old comedy festival, who is now being a 10-year-old.
+Our goal was to change the negative image of Arabs in the media and reminding Castery that South Asia and Arabs are not synonymous with the fact that we have.
+The same use of Arabs was much, much easier than the challenge of getting up against the stigma of disability.
+My big breakthrough was 2010.
+I was invited as a guest in the newscasters "Count Olber."
+I got stuck, I pulled down to the degree ofball, put them in a studio, and I sat on a rotated chair with a lot of shack.
+So I looked at the stage a little -- I said, "Sorry, can I get another chair?"
+And she looked at me, and she said, "Five, four, three, two..."
+And we were live.
+So I had to threw myself at the table in order to make sure that I wasn't rolling out of the screen, and when the interview came over, I was out of the wall.
+And I had been there, and I had a chance to digest her, and I knew that I could never get back.
+But Mr. Olberzmann didn't just bother me, but made me a full-time job and pasted my chair.
+When I'm working with Keith Olber, I learned something as a famous person: All people on the Internet are wires.
+People say it's cruel, but as a kid, or adults, people never make fun of me.
+In the World Wide Web, I suddenly have a disability explorer.
+When I look online at video, I see someone like, "Hey, why bother doing this?"
+"It's the pragmatism?"
+And my favorite, "Poorn Hungarian terrorism.
+Did they have disease?
+We should pray for them."
+In fact, one of the things that I proposed to my disability is, let's look at the scripted cars, commoditizations.
+A disability is as visible as it is.
+If a wheelchair driver is not able to play Beyoncé, Beyoncé can't play a wheelchair driver.
+The disabilities are the biggest -- yes. That's an app. Go.
+People with disability are the greatest minority on the planet, and we are the most representative of the entertainment industry.
+The doctors said I could never walk, but I'm sitting here in front of you.
+But I would have grown up with social media, maybe I wouldn't be here.
+So I hope that together, we can create a more positive image of disability in the media and in everyday life.
+Maybe there's less hate on the Internet if there's more positive role models.
+Or maybe not.
+Maybe a village needs him to draw a child well.
+My journey with me started a very special place.
+I was allowed to walk on the red carpet next to soap opera-Starting Susan Lucci and the socio- Lorraine drug.
+I was allowed to play in a film with Adam Sandler and my idiot, which is a wonderful little Dave Matthews film.
+I traveled as the main character with the comedy show "Arabic Gone" to the world.
+I was Reinsant of the state of New Jersey at the Democratic Republic of 2008.
+I've started Mayoon's kids, a arguably United Nations, who tried to give a Palestinian refugee part of a chance to give my parents.
+But the one moment that most people -- before this -- the one, the one guy that blew up, the one that I flies as a butterflies and as it sucks Parkinson's, and just as it did, and just as I did, Muhammad Ali.
+This was the only time my father ever saw a live reader ever actually led me to think of this talk.
+: May God be your soul, papa. My name is Mayoon Zayid, "If you can, you can do that too."
+There was a time when we solve big problems.
+On July 21th, July, Buzz 1969 climbed out of the moon in October 11 and walked down to the sea of rest.
+Armstrong and Aldrin were alone, but their presence on the gray surface was the pinnacle of an escalating, collaborative, collaborative orphanage.
+The Apollo program was the largest peacekeepingization in the history of the United States.
+To get to the moon, NASA invested about 180 billion dollars predicting what's happening today, or four percent of the federal budget.
+Apollo work force for 400,000 people and he asked the collaboration of 20,000 companies and authorities.
+People died, including the Apollo 1,800 people.
+But up to the end of the Apollo program, 24 people fleeing to the moon.
+And then the 12th that was promoting the surface is Aldrin, after death, the last year, the oldest one.
+But why did they go?
+They didn't bring it back: 380 kilo of old rocks and some of them — and — to point out that all 24 of them — a new sense of home was small and fragile.
+Why did they go? Zynah, because President Kennedy wanted to show that his nation had a better rocket.
+But Kennedy's own word from Rice University is better at a better cue.
+For a while, Apollo was not only a victory of the West during the Cold War.
+At that time, the most powerful feeling of mind was the sense of the overdolescent forces of technology.
+And they flew to the moon because it was something great.
+The moonlight happened before a short series of technological triumphs.
+For the first half of the 20th century, the planes came along, the planes, penicillin and a vaccine against tuberculosis.
+In the middle of the century, polio and smallpox had eradicated.
+Technology seemed to have something to be called Alvin' in 1970, a pre-existing pre-med pre-all.
+For most of human stories, we couldn't move faster than a horse or a boat that would fly, but in 1969 the team of the Apollo 10 to the speed of about 40 kilometers an hour.
+Since 1970, no human beings have been on the Moon since 1970.
+Nobody has ever moved faster than the Apollo Apollo's and the power of the technology to get the power to the point, because the great problems we were hoping to solve with technology to make clean energy, for example, to heal, to create clean energy, to free, or to free the world from hunger -- seemingly invisibility now.
+I remember what I was five year-old.
+It was a case that the Apollo 17th, and my mother warn me not to look very far into the wetsuits of Saturn's plow.
+I had a clue that this would be the last moon, but I was certain that there would be hundreds and hundreds of times in my life that would be on Mars.
+The exercise of something happened with our ability to solve big problems with technology has become one record.
+You hear it everywhere.
+We heard it here at TED two days.
+It seems like a technologists have shifted us to technologists and rehe enriche itself with senshape things like iPhone and Apprecis and social media and algorithms and algorithms and algorithms and algorithms and algorithms and algorithms and algorithms and algorithms that accelerate automatic business.
+It's not something wrong with most of those things.
+They've pushed our lives up and enriched them.
+But they're not solving the big problems of humanity.
+What happened?
+There's a more empathetic explanation from Silicon Valley where, at the very last time, more ambitious companies were considered to be more ambitious than they were for Intel, Microsoft, Apple and Genentech.
+In Silicon Valley, they say the markets were debt, particularly the prairies, in which the corporate risk companies are offering risk.
+Silicon Valley says that the risk of promoting risk factors has moved away from supporting ideas, and instead, there are problems that are growing and invented problems, or even invented.
+But that explanation is not good enough for me.
+It mainly explain what is wrong with Silicon Valley.
+Even at its risk of risk, small facilities moved from the tens of thousands of years ago.
+investors have always been able to invest in technologies like energy, which is a tremendous amount of property capital for long and long-range, and never-ending, using technology to solve its big commercial value.
+No, the reasons why we can't solve big problems are more complicated and deeper.
+Sometimes we decide not to fix big problems.
+We could fly to Mars if we wanted to.
+NASA even designed a plan.
+But also, on Mars, it would be a political decision to make that public decision, and that's why it never happens.
+We will not fly to Mars because everybody thinks there are more important things that need to be done here on Earth.
+Another time, we can't solve the big problems, because our political systems fail.
+Today, less than two percent of the world's energy consumption comes from advanced sources, like solar, and wind and biofuel, less than two percent, and the reason's just a basic economy.
+Carbon and natural gas are cheaper than solar and wind and oil is cheaper than biofuel.
+We all want alternative sources of energy that can't last, but we don't exist.
+Now, the thing is, the engineers, business leaders, and economics, are all of the same opinions that are happening, and international protocol, which would drive the development of alternative energy, the mainframe of alternative energy, which is a major driver of R&D in the research and development technology for carbon.
+But in the current political climate, there is no hope that the energy policies of the United States and the international Abreligence will take these opinions and repeat them.
+Sometimes these are profound problems that are technically solvable, but not that way.
+It's been believed that hunger are the failure of food supply.
+But 30 years of research have taught us that famines are political crises that have an impact on food distribution.
+Technology can improve things like incarceration or systems for government or transportation, but there will be famines while there's degrading governments.
+And in the end, big problems sometimes come out of the way, because we don't really understand the problem.
+President Nixon explained the cause of 1971 of cancer, but soon they found that there are many types of cancers that are unable to treat most cancers, and it seems to be effective in the last 10 years to become real, real therapies.
+The hard problems are difficult.
+It's not true that we can't solve large problems with technology.
+We can, but we must be there, but we must be four elements to all be available, and the general public must be interested in solving a problem; institutions must be a problem; it must be a real technical problem; and we must be able to understand it.
+So the Apollo emissions that became a sort of metaphor for solving the ability of technology to solve big problems made with these criteria.
+But this is a model that can't be repeated in the future.
+It's not the year of 1961.
+There is no dramatic struggle, such as the Cold War, no politicians like John Kennedy, who does everything difficult and dangerous to a hero of mine, and no popular science fiction ideology like the Solar System.
+But nevertheless, it was easy to fly to the moon.
+It was only three days away.
+And it's been very debated that has solved a problem of really seriousness.
+We are self-increating and the solutions of the future will be more difficult.
+White God, we don't have any challenges at all.
+Thank you.
+I'd like to invite you all to your eyes.
+Imagine you were standing in front of your house.
+Look at the door, their color and the material that it is made of.
+Now, give you a group of weight-wrestling on their bicycles.
+It's a naked bicycle running and it's coming right up to your doorstep.
+You really have to imagine it.
+They're sweating, sweating and scream at you.
+And then they all scratch your door.
+bicycles, bikes, everything goes along, I think spectrographs in the spectra.
+Now the threshold of your apartment goes over your home, your river or whatever lies on the other side of your apartment, and enjoy how the light breaks in the room.
+The light seems to melt on the Cookie Monster.
+It can make you seem like a yellow horses horses on your back.
+A horse is talking.
+You can almost feel the blue fur being tickled by your nose.
+You smell the crocs, the slack it down in his mouth.
+Get past him, get in your living room.
+Here, I'll show you, if you can, by presenting to the whole performance of your Britney Spears.
+They just cover the very first, and they sing, "Hit Memes One" as they dance to your living room.
+Now I follow your kitchen.
+The soil was replaced with a yellow Band-Aid street and out of your oven, the zincman and the lions from "The Speak of Oz," spit into your hand.
+Okay. Now open your eyes.
+I want to tell you about a very bizarre competition that's held every year in New York City every year.
+It's called "United Championship."
+A few years ago, I wanted to report that race as a science journalist and I expected to find the same year for the same set of insects.
+It was a bunch of guys, and a few ladies, all ages, different hygiene, hygiene.
+They coined into a unique view by a hundred random numbers.
+Learning the names of dozens and dozens of dozens of unknowns.
+And you'll notice all the poems in a few minutes.
+They were competing to know who the order of a mixed card was the fastest way to put a specific thing in.
+This is crazy.
+These guys have to have supernatural skills.
+And I began to talk to some of them.
+This is Ed Cook, a guy who came from England and has gotten there one of the best-selling minds here.
+And I asked him, "Is there when you noticed that you have this particular encounter?"
+And Ed said, "I'm not a gifted person.
+I've only got an average memory.
+Anybody who's going to come here will tell you that he or she has average memory.
+We've all trained in ancient techniques by training to do this incredible memory art, techniques that have invented the Greeks two years ago, the same techniques that Cicero used to learn from their speech, and the medieval scholars have used in order to study whole books."
+And I thought, "Wow, how come I've never heard of it?"
+We stood outside the competition, Edr, this wonderful, brilliant, and some excellent English guy says to me, "Yoh, you're an American journalist.
+Are you with Britney Spears?"
+I said, "What? No. Why?"
+"I'd like to teach Britney Spears in order to find a souraging sequence of a squeak deck.
+It would prove that this is the world that everyone can prove this."
+I told him, "I'm not Britney Spears, but you can teach it to me.
+I mean, you've got to start somewhere, right?"
+And that was the beginning of a very strange journey for me.
+And I spent a lot of my next year not only merely training my memory, but I also practiced to study it and understand how it works, why it might sometimes be, and what potential might be.
+I've met a lot of really interesting people.
+This, for example, is E.P.
+He's suffering from memory and probably the worst memory in the world.
+His memory is so bad that he doesn't even remember his memory problem, which is amazing.
+Even though it was tragically as he was concerned about what our memory makes us who we are.
+On the other side of the spectrum, I learned the spectrum.
+Kim Peek knows.
+He was the template for Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie, "Rain Man."
+We spent a couple of years together in the public books in Salt Lake City, learning how to do this. Just fascinating.
+And I came back to read a whole stack of papers about memory, paper that had been written about 25,000 years ago and then more in Latin and later in the Middle Ages.
+And I learned a whole bunch of really interesting things.
+And what was so fascinating to me was that there was a time when the idea of training memory, to cultivate, not nearly as foreign as it seemed today.
+There was a time when people invested in memory, they were able to kill themselves.
+Over the last few thousand years, we've invented a series of technologies -- from the alphabet, the control, the copy, the computer, the smartphone -- that's always made us have to store our memory, that fundamental human ability to separate these fundamental human ability.
+These technologies have allowed us to do modern world, but at the same time, changes our modern world.
+They have changed us culturally, and I would argue that they have also changed cognitively.
+Without the need of remembering it sometimes seems like we've forgotten how that goes.
+One of the most recent places on Earth where you can still find people who are still passionate about memory and speculatively discipline, is that unique memory.
+In fact, it's not as unique as the whole world has gone on.
+And that's what moved me to the spell, because I wanted to know, how these guys did it.
+A few years ago, a research group at University of London has brought a group of memory masters at the lab.
+They wanted to know: Is the structure of the brain or anatomy unlike any of us at the rest of us?
+And the answer was no.
+Are they smarter than we are?
+They gave them a stack of cognitive test, and the answer was, in fact, not.
+There was an interesting and there was a lot of difference between the brain's memory and the control person compared to.
+If you put it into an fMRI machine, and your brain scans, as you shine numbers of faces and images of snow, you can see that the memory is different from the brains of the rest of us, and that's the brain lights up on us.
+It feels like they're using the memory that's used for that spatial beings and Navicified.
+Why? And then, why can we learn something from this?
+The competition that's most dominated by a kind of arms race, where each year, someone with a new technology to tagging faster facts, has to take the rest of the field.
+This is my friend Benridmore, three times world memory.
+On the table he painted 36 of maps that he invented in an hour he was able to master the technique and the only person he had stayed with.
+He used a similar technique to slow down four-pound sanitary pads in half an hour.
+Yeah.
+And while there's a lot of technologies to be added to these types of things, there's all sorts of things in these be-flung, based on the idea of psychologists call "educatedcoding."
+It's what's called the baker, and it illustrates this concept of special elegantly elegantly elegantly elegantly, which is that if I ask two people to remember the same word, I say, "Make you a person called the baker."
+That's his name.
+And I tell them, "Make a person who is a baker."
+Now, if I come back to you later and say, "You know what, I said some time ago?
+Do you know which word it was?"
+The person who remembers the name of Brahmin should remember the person less likely the word than the person who should remember the bakery.
+Same word, different memory features, that's weird.
+What's going on here?
+Well, the name baker means nothing to you.
+It's completely independent of all the memories that are smuggled into your head.
+But the job of the baker, we know bakers.
+B baker wear strange white travel.
+Sitting the bakers have hands on their hands.
+bakers smell good, if they come home from work.
+Maybe we even know a baker.
+And when we hear the word, we connect that word up with the word "aseration," and we allow it to come back up with the invention of that later.
+The secret to this, which is about fighting memory, and the secret to find all kinds of things better, is to find a way to turn the name baker into professions -- a thing that has no associations, no meaning, to change or mix with all the meanings that exist already exist.
+One of the most sophisticated techniques here for this can be relegated to the ancient Greeks.
+It became known as the memory base.
+And the story of his creation was how to follow a poet called Simonides, who went to a solid land.
+He was a guy who was in charge of the conversation, because at the time, if you really wanted to, engaged in a party, you wouldn't be a man. You know, it was a poet.
+He's wearing his memory out of the memory, leaving the room, and in that moment the hall collapsed behind him, all the guests lay down the tap.
+Not only are all of their bodies disengaged to be disbelief.
+Nobody can tell who was there, nobody knows where to eat.
+The body cannot really be able to be portrayed.
+It's a tragedy after another.
+Simonides stands out, the only disaster on this disaster -- he closes his eyes and suddenly he realizes that he can see in front of his inner eye what he's in.
+And so he takes the hand off the remaining hand, he takes it through the rubble to the deceased.
+Now, at this moment, Simonides understood something that we all know intuitively know, no matter how bad we can also tell, phone numbers of our colleagues, we can also have a very good visual and spatial memory.
+If I asked you to repeat the first 10 words of history on Simon's story, you would find it difficult.
+But I bet if I were to ask you to remember who is sitting on a yellow horses at the moment in your foyer, you might then visualize that.
+The idea of the memory is to make a building inside of your eye and to remind you of things with your eye, the crazy, weird, colorful, bizarre, weird, weird, weird, weird, frightening, stinking with your mind, it's a stronger image.
+This is a advice that goes back to over 20,000 years of Latino text.
+So how does it work?
+Imagine being invited to give a talk here at TED and you want to give him a talk just like Cicero did it, he would have been invited to TED 20,000 years ago.
+You could do this: get in front of your house.
+You're going to be absolutely crazy to remember a story with the uninformed pictures to remind you that you're going to be the first ever crazy event of this.
+And you walk into your house, and you see the Cookie Monster on the back of Mr. Ed.
+And that would remind you to introduce your friend Ed Cook.
+And then if you see Britney Spears, you remember a funny anecdote that you wanted to share.
+You walk into your kitchen, and the fourth thing you wanted to talk about was this strange journey that you went on for a year, and you have some friends that will help you remember it.
+So Roman speakers have noticed -- not words for the word, that is confusing, but it's a theme.
+The English term "topic" is a subject that comes from the Greek word "topos," which means "ser."
+These are remains of the remains of people thinking about language and rhetoric in spatial terms.
+The first one is called "Only My first job in your memory."
+And I thought this was all just fascinating and still going on.
+Too further, some memory fights.
+I thought perhaps a little bit about this subculture of ingenuity of ingenuity.
+But there was a problem.
+The problem is that memory is hardwired.
+It's kind of like a group of people sitting there writing a test.
+It's exciting when someone's leaving the desk.
+I'm a journalist; I need something to write about it.
+I know that the most amazing things happen in the minds of these people, but I don't have access to it.
+So if I wanted to tell this story, I needed to put myself in their shoes.
+And so, I started to learn every morning, every 20 or 20 minutes before I fell in my paper, something was getting a little bit tucked out.
+Maybe a poem or maybe."
+I bought the name from an old yearbook that I bought in the fin market.
+I had to find out it's an amazing amount of fun to do this.
+I could never imagine it.
+It was fun to train because it's not about training memory.
+You'd always want to get better and better at making these crazy, colorful, funny, fun and hopefully squeamish in your inner eye.
+I was deeply into it.
+Here I am with my standard competitive advantage.
+A pair of earers and a protective break that was covered up in two little stripes because of the biggest enemy earing of memory is the world's mind.
+I went to the same competition that I visited a year earlier.
+And I was floating in front of it, just to participate in journalistic experiments.
+It could be a nice epidemic for my research.
+The problem was that this experiment did not go on to plan.
+I would have won the competition, which is not supposed to happen.
+It was nice to be able to talk into a predispositions and phone numbers, but that wasn't what I wanted.
+Those are just tricks.
+And the trick is that they operate, because in some simple ideas about how our brains work.
+You don't need to have memory, or you can build a map to understand the way your memory works.
+We often talk about people with good memory as if it were a special exercise, but that's not true.
+Good memory is trained.
+We find things better when we pay attention.
+We remember when we're engaged.
+We remember if we can figure out the ways that information and experiences are meaningful for us, and as they have meaning and come up with something that makes sense to turn those other memories into what we call "B bakers" for job charcoal.
+The memory base, these memory techniques, they're all shortcuts.
+In fact, these are not really shortcuts.
+They work because they force us to work.
+They're forcing us to process and pay attention in ways that we're not normally.
+But these are not shortcuts.
+This kind of thing happens in memory.
+One of the things that I want to leave you with, one of the things that I'm looking through: the man who doesn't even remember his memory problem, our lives are the sum of our memories.
+How much are we ready to lose from our short lives that we are permanently losing our Blackberry or our iPhone, instead of talking to people, who are willing to give us the chance to take a lot of losing? How much we're willing to lose, because we're so lazy, we don't want to work deepenly and remember it?
+I learned that memory has been in every one of us, incredible capacity.
+If we want to live a more gratifying life, we need to be the person who doesn't forget.
+Thank you.
+At the age of 27, I left a real job in the corporate training for another devoted effort to teaching.
+I used to teach math to you in New York on mathematics.
+I did the test on every teacher, I did tests.
+I gave up homework.
+When the works came back, I calculated grades.
+And I think the only thing that I learned was that I learned was the IQ of the best and poor students.
+I'm sorry IQ. I don't have been strategic at all.Q. students.
+Some of my smartest kids did not do very well.
+That made me think.
+What you learn in the 7,500 year in math is hard: Rational numbers, villages that go in the parallels.
+But it's impossible not to do that. I was convinced that all of my students could learn the fabric of if they worked hard and hard enough.
+And after a few years of school, I came to the conclusion that we could in education take a much better understanding of students and learning from a perspective of motivation, from a psychological perspective.
+What we can measure in education is best IQ, but what if it comes to school and life depends much more on than the ability to learn and easily?
+So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school to psychologist.
+I started studying kids and adults in all sorts of ultra-dense situation, and then I was wondering, who is successful and why?
+My research team and I went to the West Point Academy.
+We were trying to predict which Kadescension would remain in the troops, and which wouldn't.
+We went to the national competitive competition and tried to predict which kids would get far the smallest.
+We studied young teachers who worked in very difficult homes and asked what teachers would teach in the late years of teaching, and which of those who were most effective to improve their learning.
+We set up partnerships with private companies and we asked what sales do they carry?
+and who would make the most money.
+In all these different contexts, a quality has come to be a significant number of evidence.
+It wasn't social intelligence.
+It wasn't good looks, physical health and it wasn't IQ.
+It was shame.
+And passion is passion, and regret is very long-term targets.
+It's a charge.
+By holding on, if you're holding a future plan, not just for a week or a month, but for years and really hard to make this plan.
+And by focusing, life is like a marathon, not sprint.
+I started teaching public schools in Chicago some time.
+I asked thousands of students a year to fill out the sub-surface question, and then waiting for a year to see who was doing the degree.
+It turns out that kids with higher education actually get more likely to get their degree, even if I eat all the measurable characteristics, things like family members, even at school as they felt safe.
+So, non-profit sector counts not only in Westernpoint but also at school, particularly for children with collapse.
+The most terrifying thing about this topic for me is that we know so little about science knows how to build it.
+Every day, parents and teachers ask me, "How do we support this?"
+How do I teach children a very solid work ethic?
+How do I keep it motivated for distance?"
+And the honest answer: I don't know.
+But what I know is that you don't have talent alone.
+Our data shows that a lot of talented people just don't stay true of their commitments.
+In fact, after our insights, our knowledge is not talented, it's actually a genuine, it's also correlated with talent.
+So, the best idea I've heard about building on this idea of creating, is what's called the growth-based mindset.
+This idea was developed at Stanford University of Carol Dweck, and it reveals that the ability to learn not to be set, but that it can change with your effort.
+Dr. D.C. has shown that kids, when they learn about brains and learn about how they answer when they're growing up and growing up in challenges and are growing up much more likely to stop because they don't believe failure is a permanent state.
+That growth-oriented is a great idea for building resilience.
+But we need more.
+I want to close this note, which is that we're already here.
+This is the work that lies in front of us.
+We have to keep our best ideas and our best intuitions and test them.
+We have to measure whether we've been successful, we have to be willing to fail, to learn and start to do something about it.
+In other words, we need some inconservation to feed our children more in the world.
+Thank you.
+In the center of my work, the connection of survival of our community and its environment is to be part of the environment where architecture grows out of the natural, local conditions and traditions.
+I've got, today, a very recent project I've brought to do.
+They're both projects in the emerging markets, one in Ethiopia and one in Tunisia.
+They also have in common that the different analysis of the different perspectives become a fundamental piece of architecture.
+The first example began with an invitation, a little more plethora's shopping mall in Ethiopia's capital city.
+This is the kind of building that we, the way in which my team and myself, as an example of what we should design.
+First of all, I thought I wanted to walk away.
+After seeing some of these buildings, there are many of them in the town -- we realized that they have three essential features.
+One, they're almost empty because they have very large stores where people can't afford to buy things.
+Secondly, they need an enormous amount of energy because the surface is made of glass, which is what gives heat inside, and then you need a lot of cooling.
+In a city where you shouldn't, because you have pretty mild weather that's going to happen throughout your year between 20 and 25 degrees.
+And the third thing is that Africa has nothing to do with Africa and Ethiopia.
+It's a place where you have such rich culture and tradition.
+And I've also been with our first Ethiopian market, really fascinated by this free market site where thousands of people go and buy a small, a day-to-day course.
+It also has this idea of public space that uses the outside to create activity.
+So I thought, this is exactly what I really want to design, not a shopping mall.
+But the question was, how could we design a more climatic, contemporary building with these principles?
+The next challenge we came to see was the site, because it's really in a real growth field of the city, where most of the buildings you don't see were there yet.
+And also, it's between two parallel roads that have no connectivity of a hundred meters.
+So first we created a link between these two streets, and put all the recurry of the building.
+And this continues to open up in a genetically engineered breath that creates an outdoor air through its own form and rains.
+To put that testicles, we placed the idea of a marketplace with little stores that change shape because of the test scores, the shape of the test.
+And I thought, well, how do we solve this building?
+I really wanted to find a solution to the local climate condition.
+I started thinking about textiles, like a bowl of concrete, of a corresponding air that leave the air and the light but filtered in filtered form.
+And then inspired me to find these beautiful buttons on the clothes of Ethiopian women.
+They have the properties of a fractal geometry, and it helped me to design the whole fiber.
+We build that out with these little pre-engineer components, we built the windows and we control light in buildings.
+And this is made up of those little, colored colored blobs of colored colored limbs using the light from the building to light up the building.
+It wasn't easy at the beginning of putting these ideas together because they thought, "This is not shopping mall. We didn't put any of this."
+But then we realized that this idea of market is much more profitable than the idea of a shopping mall, because they can actually sell more stores.
+The concept of the facade was much, much less cheaper, not only because of the material, but because we needed air conditioning.
+So we created some cost savings that we used to realize the project.
+The first one was to think about how do we make the building energy in a city that has almost every day.
+We created a precious contribution by pushing solar panels on the roof.
+Under these panels, we were designing the roof as new public space with Aufenthalt and Barser who created this urban oasis.
+These are the roofs collecting water to re-imagining sanitation.
+Hopefully, next year, because we've built the construction until the fifth floor.
+The second example is a master plan for 2000 apartments and institutions in Tunis.
+So to do this, I've had to really design the largest project I've ever designed, I really had to understand the city of Tunis, but also the environment, the traditions and the culture.
+And during this analysis, I was looking specifically at the meditators, which was a thousand-year-old structure that was put together by a wall of more accessible by 12 to almost straight lines.
+When I went to the site, the first step was to create these existing streets, to create the first 12 blocks of street trees with similar size and properties like the in Barcelona and in other European cities.
+In addition, we picked some strategic dots in Anthropocratic concepts, and we connected them to straight lines, and this original pattern changed the original pattern.
+The last step was to think about the cell, the small cell of the project, like the housing, as a major part of the master plan.
+What would be the best way to put the climate change in an apartment building?
+This is North Sulawes, because of the temperature of the two pages, they're created, and they're creating a natural air conditioner.
+So let's put a pattern above that, in fact, that surely most apartments are perfectly aligned in this direction.
+And that's the result, almost, as if it's a combination of a European block and the Arab region.
+There's blocks with caves and soil, there's all these connections to pedestrians.
+It also acts on a higher level, with higher density and lower density in the upper floor.
+It also enhances the concept of death.
+The volume has a unified unit that self-assembles itself through three different housing types, and gives you very dense lights in the ground, and in the interior, there are three different institutions, like a health center, and kindergarten, that allow you to get the activity in the ground.
+The rooftop, my favorite project on this project, is the community nearly taken from building.
+They can go up and do all the neighbors and do things like a two-mile-long trip the morning from one building to another.
+And these two examples, they have a common approach to design.
+They're in emerging markets where you can literally see cities.
+In these cities, the effects of architecture today changes and people's lives of local communities and economic systems are growing just as fast as the buildings are growing.
+And what I find more important is that architecture is simply a basic solution, but affordable solutions that relate to the relationship between the community and the environment, and the ways to connect people and the people.
+Thank you.
+I want to talk about trust, and I want to remind you of the popular opinions.
+They're so ubiquitous that they have become cliches.
+I think there are three.
+First of all, trust is strong in decline.
+Then a goal: We should trust more.
+And the problem is, we should rebuild trust.
+I think the claim is the end, the goal is to get it wrong.
+So I want to tell you a different story about an approach, a goal and a mission that will offer you a much better approach to the cause.
+First, why do people think that trust has gone down?
+And if I really think about it with my current knowledge, I don't know the answer.
+Maybe in some activities or in some cases, it's gained off and maybe even in others.
+I was missing the overview.
+But I can look at the surveys that were supposedly enlistd by faith that the trust has gone down.
+If you look at the question of consumer goods over time, it's not a lot of evidence to do it.
+And that is, for example, that 20 years ago, people abused, was mostly abused and politicians, still frightened.
+And the folks who were very familiar with 20 years ago, they still get very familiar: judge, the nurses.
+We're in between. The average citizen is almost exactly in the middle.
+But is that a good argument?
+I think consumers are chasing it. Yeah?
+What else could they lift?
+So they look at common attitudes to people when they ask certain questions.
+You trust politicians? Do you have teachers?
+Now, if you ask someone, do you actually trust the vegetable bag?
+You're trusting fish eggs?
+You should be a public school teacher?
+I mean, then -- in case you'd say, "What exactly are you thinking?"
+And that would be a sensible response.
+And if you understand the answer to that, you might say, "I defend some of them, not others."
+Just rational.
+In short, we're trying to bring confidence in our short lives, trust in different ways.
+We don't think of it as a official official or a official institution or an institutional institution.
+So I could say for example that I was going to teach a certain reason that I was a high school teacher to teach at first grade, but I wouldn't let that go of school.
+I may know it's not going to drive a car.
+I'm referring to that my favorite friend, a conversation about running, but maybe it doesn't agree with the secretion.
+Simple.
+This is how we know from our everyday life, but why do we think of this erotic knowledge if we think about abstract trust?
+The surveys here are very bad at arguing about the actual trust, because they ignore the common sense of trust amongst people.
+Secondly, let's get to the end.
+The goal is to trust more.
+In fact, I think the goal is stupid.
+That's not what I'm going to focus on.
+I would try to trust trust the trust of trustworthiness, but not the trust of trustworthiness.
+I'm even trying to trust trust trust, trusting trustworthiness.
+And those who, for example, put their savings into a certain period of Mr. Madoff, who then got the name of Madoff, like the dust in it, would encircle the dust, thorn off of it. ["N.] I think, "I think, too much trust.
+"My trust" is not a smart goal in this life.
+So trusting faith, and putting them in the end, that's supposed to be the goal.
+And you say, yes, fine, which is most important, is not trust, but trust.
+Changing the trust of people to value.
+And to do that, we have to look at three things.
+Are they competent? Are they reliable?
+If we can find a person in the right kind of topics, trust and honest, then we have a good reason to trust it, then it's trustworthy.
+But if that person is going to be unthinkable, it probably won't.
+Some of my friends are competent, and honestly, I would send them off, but they're not a letter because they're all sucked up.
+I have friends who are very involved in her own competence, but they overestimate it for a lot.
+And I'm very happy that I don't have a lot of friends who are competent and reliable but are illegitimate.
+If I haven't recognized it, I've seen it.
+But then we look for trustworthiness only, then trust.
+And trust is response.
+We have to estimate the trustworthiness. That, of course, is hard.
+Over the past few decades, we've been trying to set up control systems of all sorts of institutions and experts in the ways that make it easier for us to estimate their trustworthiness.
+Many of these systems have the opposite effect.
+They don't work the way they do it.
+A yeast came to me and said, "This problem is that the paper takes longer than the baby takes the world."
+All around us in our public everyday lives, in our institutions, to this problem, to come up with this control system, that's the control of trust and credibility that leads to the opposite.
+It distracts people like yeasts from their difficult tasks by just having to put in a firsthand job.
+I'm sure everyone can contribute.
+So that's the end of the goal.
+The goal is to have greater trusting choices, and it's going to be difficult when we want to communicate and to others, and when we want to estimate whether other people are willing to be a public or a politician or a politician.
+It's not easy. You have to estimate it. Just make reaction or stop it.
+And now we go to the task.
+This is a recovery of trust over, rotated the trust.
+Because it suggests that you should rebuild and rebuild the trust.
+We can of course do that for ourselves.
+We can make a little trustworthiness.
+That's how people can improve their trust in each other.
+But ultimately, faith is characterized by a way that it's given to another one.
+You can't rebuild what other people are doing.
+You have to give them a basis that they trust you.
+So you have to be trustworthy.
+And of course, that's because you can't normally do all the people on your nose at the same time.
+But you also need to propose evidence that you are trustworthy.
+How does this happen?
+This is what happens every day, ordinary people do it, public, empathetic, very effective.
+Here's a simple example of commercialization.
+The store in which I buy my socks, let me bring it back and they don't ask questions.
+They take it back and give me the money, or some of the socks that you want.
+That's great. I'm joking out because they've been vulnerable to me.
+There's an important morality in there.
+When you're a little overlaid, that's a really good cue to be trusted, that you trust yourself, and that you're doing your own belief.
+So, our goal, in principle, is not that hard to see.
+It's relationships between trusting people, and recognizing when and whether that's trusted.
+So the moral of the story, I think, is a lot less about trust, or thinking about trust, that can be considered correct, that can be considered correct or compared to trust, and much more than trustworthiness, and how you can bring people into a lot more empathetic, useful argument, useful evidence of trustworthiness.
+Thank you.
+You know, the best thing about dads is to be able to watch me.
+I love looking at my own favorite movie with my kids, and when my daughter was four years old, we sat together a magician from Oz.
+The film stopped.
+And the favorite character, of course, was Glinda.
+So she had a good excuse to wear a owner, and put a magic wand in that.
+But if you look at this film enough times, you see how extraordinary it is.
+We live in today's time and we raise our kids in a spectacular child-friendly industry.
+But "The Magic of Oz" was different.
+He didn't go into that trend.
+It took 40 years for this trend to play with -- interestingly, a film -- a fellow in which a whole lot of metal and a guy with a lot of feminist and a girl was saving a girl with her in her own enemies by the guards of the enemy.
+You know what I'm talking about, right?
+Right.
+Now there's a big difference between those two movies, even several big differences between ocean magic and all the movies that we're looking at today.
+First of all, there's a magician in "The Seran Sea" very few violence.
+The monkeys are pretty aggressive, just like the apple cubs.
+But I think if "The Magic Magic" were made by Oz these days, the magic he said was "Dohy, you are the R's revenge, which became a prophecy.
+Use your magical shoes to defeat the computers of the bad apples of the West."
+But that's not what happens.
+Another thing that I find most unique about the oceans is that the most heroic and even the most powerful characters are female.
+This is the first time I ever noticed this when I was a daughter of my daughter, "Star Wars," which was years later, and the situation was different.
+I also had a son at that point.
+He was only three years old.
+He was not invited to go to that movie at the end of the day, and he was too young.
+But he was the second child, and he became much less careful than his sister.
+So, he was, you know, he was making a film, and he was emailed his mother, and I don't think he understood what was going on, but he certainly did.
+And I wondered what he'd put up there.
+Did it point out that courage, commitment and loyalty is about?
+Did he have noticed that Luke is one army to join the government?
+Did he let it know that if you're just a boy in the universe, of course, that's this prince, which is really cool, but, while most of the time, she's waiting for the heroism to reward him for the retifer of the universe, what he was born with,
+Compare that to "The Sner magician of Oz" by 1939.
+How is Dorothy going to bring their film to a good end?
+By removing them with all friends and a leader.
+This is the kind of world I would rather prefer to raise my kids -- Oz, or -- and not in the world of guys fighting together, which is quite what's happening in our world today.
+Why are there so much power -- big power, in the movies that there are for our children, and so few yellow bricks?
+There's a lot of good literature on the influence that film has to be violent with girls, and you should be reading them. It's very good.
+But I haven't read as much about it, about how boys are dealing with this influence.
+I know from my own experience that prince did not affect the eudaida, that I could have been able to find the world in adults, in the girls and boys.
+I think there was that moment when I really expected the spraying, because that's how the movie ended, right?
+I finished my mission, I helped the girl.
+Why else are you still looking around?
+I don't know what to do.
+The films are very focused on putting evil rewards and figuring out how much reward there is for other relationships and other journeys.
+It seems almost like you're a mad animal and you're a girl, and if you're a girl, you better be taken care of your war.
+There are exceptions to any exception, and I'm going to defend the Disney inside of you from any one of you.
+But they're giving a message to the young people that the boys are not really the destination.
+They're fabulous at teaching girls how to fight against the patriarchy, but they don't necessarily show the boys how to fight against the patriarch.
+There's no role models for them.
+There are some great women who are writing new stories for our children, and there are three-dimensional and adolescence and Katrina; it's still war films.
+And the most successful studio of all time is producing a classic, of course, one by one of them, each of them is about a boy, or one man, or two men who are friends, or a man and his son, or two men who are holding a small girl.
+Until many of you will be thinking this year -- when she finally turned out to be the movie "Merida," the Highlands.
+I recommend him. He's on the Internet terribly ill.
+Do you remember what the Critic said when "Merida" came out?
+"Oh, I can't believe Pixar has made a princess princess."
+He's very good. Let's not stop from it.
+But it didn't really matter how good that movie was in the end of a movie.
+I don't know if you've heard of it.
+It hasn't really gotten any more closely tense yet, and of course, we may have won the movement of today.
+Alison Beson is a comic book writer and he put it in the middle of the 80s that she created with a friend who had seen it, a film about the filmmaking.
+It's very simple. There are only three questions you need to ask: Are there more than one character in the movie who is female, and says something?
+Try to fulfill that assumption.
+And do these women speak to each other at some point of film?
+And is it about something else in their conversation, rather than the guy they like?
+Excuse me? Thank you.
+Thank you.
+Two women exist and talk to each other about anything.
+It's something that happens. I've seen it, and I still see it pretty rare in the movies that we know and love.
+In fact, I went to the cinema this week to see a very good film, "Argo."
+You remember? A lot of hype at Oscar, greatergebnisse, about what a general film is.
+It can also, by stepping up through the test tube.
+I don't think it should, because a lot of the film -- I don't know if you saw it -- but a lot of the film is playing in a message where men and women hide as the assumption.
+There are some good scenes scenes where men go deep within that verse, of fear, of fear, of the great conversation, and the one of the actors has a moment to sit down in the door and say, "Look, honey?"
+This is how some Hollywood thinks about Hollywood.
+So let's take a look at the numbers.
+In 2011, among the 100 most popular films, what do you think were actually the number of female writers?
+Eleventh. It's not bad.
+It's not as many percent as the number of women we've just chosen, so that's a good thing.
+But there's a number that is bigger than this one, and that is going to shake this space.
+Last year, The New York Times ran a study that the government did.
+It says "womenh."
+One in five women in the United States says that she's sexually a sexually sexually sexually sex workers.
+I don't think it's the guilt culture of the public culture.
+I don't think kids have films involved.
+I don't think that musicians and pornography have something to do with it, but when I hear that statistic is one of the things that I think are sexually responsible for.
+Who are these guys? What are they learning?
+What can't they learn to do?
+Take a story where the job of a male heroism is to beat the shoe to get out and then pick up the reward, which is a woman who has no friends talking and didn't talk?
+So, does this story look like?
+You know, as a parent, the privilege of getting to raise a daughter has the same amount of you who are doing the same thing, we find those statistics and those statistics very alarming and we want to prepare them.
+We have tools like "Miss" and we hope that it will help, but I will also ask if girls protect them, when we engage them, when we teach our sons, to keep their sons.
+And the Netflix queue is a tool that we can do something very important to, and I'm talking here to the fathers.
+I think we just have to reveal our sons a new definition of manhood.
+The definition of males is already about changing.
+You've read the New Zealand's role-play, changing the role of the home and adolescence.
+They get confused.
+Our sons will have to figure out a way of dealing with each other, and I think we need to really show them that a man is a real man, who is a man who wants to stand up and respects their side and stand up and stand up to the side of the evil boys who are truly sexually abuse women.
+I think we should look up with the Netflix queues, the e-mailers, that will find these, and find the heroes that show real courage to bring people together and make our sons identify with these heroes and say, "I want to stand on your side," because they're standing on the site.
+When I asked my daughter, who was your favorite figure in "Star Wars," you know what they said?
+Obi-Whorse.
+Obi-Wobi and Glinda.
+What do these two have in common?
+Maybe this isn't just the pity.
+I think these two characters are experts.
+These are the two characters in the film who are more than anyone else who like to share their knowledge and love to share their knowledge with other people to help them reach their potential.
+And they're leaders.
+I like this kind of task for my daughter and I like this kind of task for my son.
+I want to do more tasks like this.
+I want to make fewer tasks to my son, in his son, "Forget rid of you," and more tasks that will join you in a team, maybe a woman that will be led to help other people become better, and better people like the magician of Oz.
+Thank you.
+I want to talk to you about this story of a toddler's story.
+I don't know his name, but I do know the story.
+He lives in a small village in southern Somalia.
+His village is near Mogadishu.
+The droughts caused this village to the drogue famine.
+When there was nothing that held him up, he left his village, and went to the city, Mogadu, the capital city, the capital of Somalia.
+As it gets there, there's no opportunity, no labor, no work.
+At the end, it comes in a tent outside of Mogadishu.
+It may go by a year, but nothing.
+One day he's spoken by a guy who invites him to lunch, then he's going to lunch for the dinner.
+He's a dynamic young group of people, and they're giving him a chance.
+He gets some money to buy new clothes and sends money to his family.
+This young woman is presented to you.
+He eventually get married.
+It begins a new life.
+His life has meaning.
+On a nice day in Mogadudishu, under blue sky, a car bombs go up to the air.
+This little town of city-sized childbirth was the self-assembly and bombing, and this dynamic group of young people was al Shabaab, a terrorist, with connection to al Qaeda.
+How could the story of a toddler's child that just tried to get himself out of the air in an air-hand city?
+He was waiting.
+He had a chance to get a chance to focus on the future, and it was the first opportunity he offered it.
+It was the first thing that got him out of a state we call "aithood."
+And his story repeats itself into the urban areas around the world.
+It's the story of entrenched, unemployed urban youth, unloading in Johannesburg and London, and among other things, it's a little bit more a so-called "What's a so-called "thrithood."
+Young people are promise to the city, from their city, big city, work, wealth, but young people are not having any percentage of their cities.
+Often it's the youth that's suffering from high unemployment.
+In 2030, three of the five citizens in the cities will be younger than 18 years.
+If we don't include young people in cities if we don't have the opportunity to offer them opportunities, what they're going to do is they're going to be known as the rise in terrorism and as they go into the gang 2.0.
+My birth town, Mogadu,  70 percent of the young people suffer from unemployment.
+70 percent of the people don't have jobs, don't go to school.
+They're not actually doing anything.
+Last month, I went back to Mogadu, and I went to Madina hospital, the hospital where I was born.
+I remember standing up in front of this broken hospital asking me, what if I had never actually gone from here?
+What if I had been forced to the same state of "What would have been?"
+Would I become a terrorist?
+I'm not sure what to say.
+And the reason for me in my mind this month was actually to come up with a summit of a summit of young leaders and entrepreneurs.
+I put about 90 young leaders together.
+We sat down and we set up a brainstorming Brain for the largest challenges they have.
+In the room, a young man, Aden.
+He went to university in Mogadishu, and he graduated there.
+There was no workforce and no opportunity.
+I remember saying that he had a university degree, who was unemployed, frustrated, and frustrated, that the perfect goal was to be a member of al Shabaa and other terrorism organizations.
+They were looking for people like him.
+But this story takes another running.
+In Mogadu, the largest obstacles are the ones to get from A to B, the streets.
+23 years of civil war, the street system totally destroyed, so the engine is the best locomotion.
+Aden took the opportunity and she realized it.
+He opened a motorcycle business.
+He started smuggling motorcycles in places that wouldn't afford them otherwise.
+With his family and friends, he bought 10 engines, and he dreamed of going to be businesses eventually in the next three years.
+How is that different from the other side of the story?
+What makes a difference?
+I think it's his ability to recognize and use a new opportunity.
+It's the entrepreneur and I believe that entrepreneurs can be the most effective means of "what".
+It empowers young people to create the economic opportunity they're so desperate to look.
+You can teach young people to be entrepreneurs.
+I want to talk to you about a young man who took a meeting with me and said Mohamed Mohamdoud, a Floren.
+He helped me create the entrepreneur which is a bunch of young people whose summits you see and show them how to develop and entrepreneurship.
+He's actually the first Florence enlivedist, who'd been watching Mogadu, and until a while back, before Mohamed was there, you used artificial stimulants that came abroad with flowers if you wanted to have flowers on their wedding.
+When someone asked, "When did you see the last time that was fresh flowers?" And then the answer came up from a lot of the civil wars in the event: "No way."
+So Mohamed saw an opportunity.
+He started a landscape with flowers.
+He put a planet outside Mogadlyuus, and Tulpen and morphous, and a Lili, which, as he said, could survive in the outside airogadly.
+He started using weddings, he designed private gardens and businesses around the city, and he's now working on the design of the first public park in Mogadu.
+There's no public park in Mogadishu.
+He wants to create a place where families and young people come together and say, "We can enjoy the beautiful things of life."
+Only on the edge: he's not a rose he because they need too much water.
+So the first step is to inspire young people, and in this room, Mohamed's presence has a huge impact on other young people in the room.
+They never really thought about starting businesses.
+They thought that they would work for an NGO or for the government, but this story, his innovation, had a strong influence on it.
+He empowered her town as a place of possibility.
+He empowered them that they can be entrepreneurs, that they could make change.
+By the end of the day, they had innovative solutions to some of the major challenges in city.
+They had entrepreneurial solutions to local problems.
+The inspiration of young people, and creating a really big step, but young people need capital to be able to actually use their ideas.
+They need expertise and support to develop their business and start.
+Bring young people to the resources they need, connect them, provide them with the support that they need in order to make ideas and then you will build analytical growth for the city.
+To me, entrepreneurship means more than just business.
+It's about the creation of social effects.
+Mohamed doesn't just sell flowers.
+I think he sells hope.
+His name is something called "The Steve Bless Park," which is created when it is a way people look at the view of the city.
+Aden's asked kids to help him maintain the motorcycles and to stay in.
+He gave them the chance to get out of the paralyzing state.
+These young companies have a huge impact on their cities.
+So my suggestion is, do young people leave you and encourage your own innovation and you'll get more stories about flowers and refrigeration, rather than getting cars bombs and "What do you get for cars."
+Thank you.
+When I was a kid in Maine, one of my favorite jobs, one of my favorite jobs, they were looking for sandbags on the shores of Maine to look on the shores of Maine because my parents were destined to say happiness.
+But those shells are hard to find.
+They're dandy dandy to see, little.
+But after a while, I had developed a routine.
+I started looking at shapes and patterns that helped me collect them.
+And this evolved into passion, finding things, a love for remorse and archaeology.
+And then finally, when I started studying sypology, I realized that this is not enough for me to look at my eyes.
+Because all of a sudden, in Egypt, my little beach grew to a hundred miles across, and my sandbags grew to the size of cities.
+And that led me to use satellite imagery.
+I had to see different ways of drawing the past in a map.
+I want to show you how we see different when we use infrared.
+This is a stunt farmer that's in the eastern eastern delta called Mendes.
+And the stunts really seem brown, but what we do is we infrared, and we process it with false color, and all of a sudden this stunt gets bright.
+What you see here are the chemical changes in landscape through building materials and activity in the old Egyptians.
+What I'd like to share with you today is how we used satellite data to find an old-fashioned city that's wasting the name of Itjigsaw and for thousands of years.
+It was the capital of the ancient Egyptians, the capital of Egypt for more than four hundred years, in a era called Mitch, about four thousand years ago.
+The tribe is in the Egyptian alphaum, and it's very significant because there was a great adolescent renaissance of art and religion.
+gptoe always knew that the tribe was covered in a nearby pyramid somewhere near the pyramid, and it lowered by two kings, here with the red circles, but somewhere in that massive syringe.
+This area is huge -- the area's four times three miles.
+It used to be right by the nerdy of Itjigsaw, and as it changed over the west and then shifted across the city.
+So, as you find a buried city in a kind of buried landscape.
+You would have to happen to find the equivalent of the needle in a haystack, in the haystacks and baseball gloves.
+So we used NASA's data to justify the landscape to see if we could easily see some light changes.
+Where was the running case of the nitrate then went?
+But you can see in a more accurate way, and this is very interesting, this particular area of regions with the circle that came to us as a possible position for the city of Itji.
+So we worked with Egyptian scientists to do the honeybees, which you can see here.
+This is like testicles in the ice, except instead of the layers of climate change, you're looking for layers that show human habit.
+In a depth of five meters, under a thick layer of slaughter, we found a dense layer of clay.
+This shows that at this point in It's the marrow, in a couple of hundred meters deep, we can find a layer of shifts to, go back to the e-mail area, the exact same time that we think of as It's in It's within It's the existence of Itjigsawsaw.
+We also found works -- mapol, Quartz and achatronic -- which shows that there's a he's been a jewel.
+This may not look like much, but if you look at the most popular stones used by jewelers in the Middle East, you find those stone things.
+So we found a dense layer of residents on this sort of hole going back to the co-teacher realm.
+We also found evidence for a jewel that said society must have been very important in this.
+It didn't go there yet, but we'll soon go back to these sites to draw a map.
+What's more important is we have to write about young Egyptians who are trained in satellite technologies so that they can make the ones that are as big discoveries.
+So I wanted to close with my favorite quote from the Middle East -- which was maybe written in the city of Itjjected four thousand years ago.
+"You know, to share, the biggest of all professions.
+There is nothing like this in the country."
+TED hasn't been launched in 1984.
+But ideas actually started in 1984, in a very short time of city, and what had happened was, in a very long-range city, and found themselves not from above.
+You can barely compare that to a clam you're not able to find on the beach.
+Thank you very much.
+Thank you.
+I grew up in Taiwan as a daughter of a Kaleni, and I count my most beautiful memories of what my mother used to do to me, the beauty and form of Chinese character.
+I've been fascinated with this incredible language since then.
+But for an outside world, it seems as if it's as if the Great Wall of China is.
+I've been wondering, for the past few years, how can I tell this wall to try and appreciate everybody who has this complex language, and appreciate it.
+I thought that a new quickly method for learning Chinese would be useful.
+Since the age of five, I've learned to draw every single sign in the right sequence.
+I learned new characters during the next 15 years every day.
+And because we have five minutes to do that, if we have a faster and simpler method to do that, we could have a very useful approach.
+A Chinese scholar understands about 20,000 characters.
+They just need 1,000 characters for a simple misunderstanding.
+The most important 200 of you is allowing you to understand 40 percent of the simple literature -- enough to understand roads, menus, and understand certain websites or newspapers.
+Today I'm going to start with eight characters to show you how the method works.
+Are you ready?
+Open your mouth up to as much as possible, until it's square.
+It becomes a "and" and it becomes a "we."
+This person is walking.
+"Mom."
+If the reversal of adventure shows a human being with high arms, it would be like "Puppy! I'm going to run run off the shape of the flames!" The typeface I thought I liked, but for example, the best one you like the one.
+This is a tree.
+It's called "Baum."
+This is a "Berg."
+It's called "Sonne."
+The help.
+The sandbage for "T" looks like a Solomon's take on the wild Western.
+These eight characters are radicals.
+They're the basics of building a number of characters.
+A human.
+If someone is behind it, it means "disappear."
+If it means more, two skepticism and three people will.
+When a person walks away from his arms, he says, "It was so big."
+The human being in our mouth, he's locked up like you.
+He's a ganger, the same as Jonas at whale.
+A tree stands for a tree. Two trees are together for a include include "Wild."
+Three, they come together for a "Wald."
+Put a plan under the tree and have aBas.
+Put a mouth on top, it means "idiosy."
+Just note that's because a speaking tree is quite idiotic.
+Remember that fire?
+Two flames are what are called "shit."
+Three fires a lot of liars together.
+Sit down on two trees, that means "ast up."
+For us, the sun is the source of wealth.
+Two sun comes together "Reladi" and "free."
+Three of them are "unnch."
+And when the sun and the moon seem to be together, it means "pity."
+It can also stand for the next day.
+The sun comes over the horizon: sunset.
+door. There's a board in the door that says, "Cleane."
+You put a mouth in the door, it means "to put a hand."
+clones, clone. Is anyone there?
+This person is going to get out of the door, "wow," "slam."
+The left is the "Stay out."
+Two women together have a "dissit" button.
+And I'll say three women: that is a eruption.
+We've now learned 30 characters.
+So with this method, you can make from the first eight radicals.
+The next group of eight characters together, they educated another 32.
+With a bit of effort, you can learn a few hundred characters, like an eight-year-old Chinese child.
+And if we can get these characters together, we can start to assemble.
+For example, you get mountains and fire together, so a "Vullorry."
+We know that Japan is the land of the sun.
+This is the sun sank as it is Japan's outskirts of China.
+A sun comes with the origin of a "Japan."
+A human behind Japan?
+A "tes" button.
+The typeface on the left is two mountains crashing.
+In the classical Chinese, it means "Exilarre," because Chinese political enemies sent out to the mountains.
+Today,Exilly became "suaded."
+A mouth saying, "Here's where it's going."
+That's the slide that reminds me of leaving the stage. Thank you.
+I'm going to tell you a little bit about architecture today for the past 30 years.
+That's pretty much for 18 minutes.
+It's a complex issue, so we're going to start right in a complex place: New Jersey.
+Because, 30 years ago, I lived in a city of mine in New Jersey in a city called Livingston, and that was my children's room.
+And near the bedroom I was with my sister's bathed on.
+Between my bedroom and the bath was a balcony with my living room.
+There, everybody was watching television, so everyone always looked at me when I went from the bathroom, and whenever I sat back and looked in my hand, I started seeing it.
+And I looked like this.
+I was a terrible, insecure and I hated that.
+I hate that gang, I hate that room, and that house.
+And that is architecture.
+This sense of emotions that I'm talking about at the time is power because in architecture, it's not about mathematics and plans, it's about the deep, emotional connections that we have with places that we live in.
+And it's no wonder that we are feeling as loud as the EPA will be 90 percent of America's time.
+So we're 90 percent of our time surrounded by architecture.
+That's enormous.
+It means architecture is shaped in a way that we don't know.
+It makes us naive, and it's very, very naive.
+See, if I show you one such building, I know what you think about, you think of, "Surity," "simpliok," and "Demoke democracy."
+And you think it's because it's built a building that was built two and a half years ago by the Greeks.
+This is a trick.
+These triggers use architects to create emotional bonds, forms, out of the shapes that we build our buildings.
+It's an predictable emotional connection, and we've been using this trick for a very long time.
+We turned the trick 200 years ago to build banks.
+We turned it on the 19th century building.
+In America's 20th century, we built houses like that.
+Look at these solid, stable, little soldiers looking at the ocean and protecting it from a drug against the other.
+And this is very useful, because making things, fear is scary.
+It takes a long time, it takes a long time to do it. It's very complicated.
+People who build things -- developers and governments -- fear, of course, use the form of innovation, which I think is a good thing to do.
+And that leads to buildings like this.
+It's a beautiful building.
+But it doesn't have much to do with what a library does today.
+In the same year, 2004, on the other side of the United States, there was a library set up, and it looks like this.
+This is in Seattle.
+The library is all about the media consumption in the digital age.
+It's about a new kind of public institution for the city to collect a place to read and to exchange.
+So what is it possible in the same country, in the same two buildings, both look like this, very different?
+architecture is based on a kind of a "dolescent principle."
+On one hand, innovation is always driving new technologies, new typefaces, new solutions for the way we live today.
+We all wear black, get very depressed, and they think we're worth honoring, but we're inside because we don't have an option.
+We need to change the site and use the symbols that you know to love known.
+If we do that and you're happy, we feel like erectile -- so we're re-ering, we're re-engineering and morphing around for the last 300 years and then whack all that.
+Thirty years ago, by the end of the '70s.
+experimenting with what's called "Brutalism."
+And yet, it was concrete.
+Small windows, human scale.
+It's really hard stuff.
+When we moved into the 1980s, we started re-engageing these symbols.
+We swam back the other direction.
+We took the forms that you like and update them.
+We added some fog and some cardboard boxes and used new material.
+And you loved it.
+They didn't get enough of it.
+We took chips and we turned them into high-rise buildings, and the age-old Eastern Burgs could be glass.
+The forms became big, bold and colorful.
+Zander have become pillars.
+It was crazy.
+But these were the '80s, that was cool.
+So this was the postmodern box.
+That was the way these symbols were being used.
+They were just cheap and cheap, because instead of creating places we created memories.
+I know, and I know you all know that's not the death penalty.
+This is Ohio.
+So at the end of the '80s and early '90s, we started experimenting with what's called "themating."
+We then left the historical symbols behind, we left ourselves to design computerized design techniques and we invented new compositions, shapes that were engulfed with other forms.
+That was academically and exciting, and it was very uninformed, we blew it up with it.
+Usually, the pendulum would just rewind.
+But then something surprising happened.
+In 1997 this building opened in 1997.
+This is Guggenheim Bilbao of Frank Gehry.
+And this building really changed the relationship of the world to architecture.
+According to Paul Goldberger, the Bilbao was one of the rare moments where the critics, academics, and the public were totally in the opinion of a opinion.
+The New York Times ran this building a miracle.
+Tourism was growing at Bilbao by two percent when it was finished.
+He's our first star of architectural.
+So how is it possible that these forms -- wild and radical -- how is it that they spread around the world?
+And that happened because the media got more successful with them, and we quickly learned that those forms of culture and tourism are happening.
+These forms came from an emotional response.
+It's exactly like mayors around the world.
+Every mayor knew that these shapes and tourism were brought to them.
+This phenomenon took place in millennia, several other stars.
+Think about your architecture.
+A thousand years ago you'd have to go to the village and see a building.
+The promotion accelerating: you take a boat, an airplane, you travel as a tourist.
+The technology accelerated: you see it in the newspaper, in TV, until finally, we're all architecture photographing and building the construction site.
+architecture is now everywhere, it is that the speed of communication has finally rehearsed into architecture.
+Because architecture is expanding quite rapidly.
+It doesn't take long to come up with a building.
+But it takes a building to build a building, three to four years, and in the meantime, an architect design two, eight hundred or a hundred other buildings before he knows whether to build the construction that was four years ago or not.
+It's because there's a good "feedeed droopland" in architecture.
+And so we have buildings like this.
+This will never happen again, I think, because we are, really, the greatest revolution in architecture, the invention of the steel, or the elevator; it's a media revolution.
+And the general theory of my theory is that the pendulum is always accelerating when you put media together until it's almost at the same time that it's coming at the difference between innovation and symbols, between us and the public.
+Now we can almost access the site in an emotional symbol of something completely new.
+And this is clearly done with a project we've completed recently.
+We were asked to replace those grading buildings.
+This is the center of a city called Pines on Fire Island in New York.
+It's a vacation.
+We proposed a bold building which had been put under all the usual forms of everyone. We were also concerned about our customers, and the community was a set of photo-realistic representations that we put on Facebook and got up on Instagram, and we asked people to do what they do: they share what they do, they share, get "like" or hate.
+That meant two years ago, a part of the community was a part of the community, and the representation was exactly what the end product looked like, there were no surprises.
+And this building was already part of this community, and in the first summer when people started sharing and started sharing the building in social media, it wasn't just a building, but it became a medium, because these are pictures of a building, your images of a building.
+So we don't need Greeks anymore to tell us what to think about architecture.
+We can say what we think about architecture, because the digital media hasn't just changed the relationship between us; they have a relationship between us and buildings.
+Think about the library in Livingston.
+If the building was built today, they would go online and search for libraries.
+You'd be experimenting with experimental, innovative examples that are pushed to the boundary of which a library can be.
+That's ammunition.
+This is Munch that you can take to the mayors of Livingston, with them to tell you, there isn't just an answer on what a library is today.
+Let's take a chunk of that.
+And that abundance of experiments gives them the freedom to do their own experiment.
+Everything has changed.
+Architects are no secret to their large words and complicated drawings, and you're not tired of the public -- the consumer, which is not what he's seen.
+Architects can hear you, and architecture is not shy.
+This is the end of architecture, meaning that the future buildings will look very different from the current building.
+It means that a public place in the ancient city of Sevilla is unique and individually designed to function in a modern city.
+A stadium in Brooklyn can be a stadium in Brooklyn, and not any historic brick wiggle from our imagination from a stadium.
+Robots are going to build our buildings because we're finally ready for the shapes they will produce.
+Buildings will set up after nature's salmon, rather than the other way around.
+A park in Miami, Florida, can be a place where you're running a sports or a yoga, and you can even get married until late at night.
+This means that not a small building for innovation, like this tiny retirement pavilion that's just as much as the animal that was designed to make observation.
+So a building doesn't have to be beautiful, to love being like this ugly building in Spain, where the architects hung a hole with hayston, and when the concrete would go around, they would ask someone to go and remove their hay fever, and it was just this full little room that he made out of the making, and it made it into a Spanish,
+It doesn't matter whether a cow builds our buildings, or it can make our building.
+It's not matter how we build it; it's just important what we build.
+Architects know how to create greener, more intelligent and more friendly buildings.
+We just waited for it to be you.
+Eventually, we're not on the rules of the laws.
+Find an architect, build an architect, design a better building, better cities, and a better world, because there is a lot of play.
+Not only do our societies reflect, forming them to the smallest place they want: the city's library, the home, where you raise your children, and your way from sleeping to the bathroom.
+Thank you.
+This is my niece, Stella.
+It started 12,000 a year, and it started to run.
+She's running this cool way, like a guy, once a thousand years old, walking by the motto "in bodies" is too fast for my legs.
+It looks completely cute.
+And one of their favorite damage is to look at itself in the mirror.
+She loves her mirror image.
+She cools, clings, and there is cookie-cutter, and these great, feud kisses.
+When isn't it all of a sudden not okay to love the broadcasting image?
+Because apparently we don't.
+Every month, tens of thousands of people at Google are like, "Am I ugly?"
+This is Faye. Faye is 13 and he lives in Denver.
+And like every teenager, she wants to be a love, and hear it.
+She's kind of a savagevage person. She's doing something, too, even though her mother tells her that she's beautiful, every day in school, she says that she's ugly.
+Because her mother tells her something, and her friends say something, she doesn't know who she's supposed to believe.
+Some of them are so mean that you shouldn't think about them.
+This is an average girl who looks healthy, who gets this feedback back in an emotional period of time.
+Well, teenagers from today are rarely alone.
+They're standing under pressure, always being available online, they're talking, "like news," sharing, postponed -- never stopped.
+Never before have we been so connected, so incredibly illustrious, so young.
+And one mother said to me, "It's like having a party rise in the room every night."
+You just don't have a personal life.
+And the social pressure that goes with that is not really unique.
+This one-a-da-life self-assembly of the number of children is teaching themselves about "Likes" and the way they get the nature of these children.
+There is no separation between online and open life.
+What is real and what isn't it that hard to say.
+What is their source inspiration?
+You can see the pictures that are coming into the news of the girls' news today.
+Model size with 0 domino still.
+frame work is routinely sensitive today.
+And trends like #thinspiration, #thighgin, #bikinikini, #bikinia.
+By the way, #proana stands for Pro-Anexia.
+These trends are going to be a little bit more like the stereotypes and thechamal things that women do in the board.
+You can see the girl there today, it's easy to compare to who the girl is.
+But the young are not against it.
+The pursuit of quest and pooh-bahs' body and the bathing of heroic athletes and Play-Doh-Musks.
+But where's the problem?
+We want our kids to be healthy, our kids are being balanced.
+But in a way, we are obsessed with cultures, looking at more and more thoughts, at the cost of everyone else's identity.
+So their relationships begin to suffer from physical development and school, among them.
+Six out of 10 girls don't prefer to do anything because they think they're not good enough.
+And these are not insignificant activities.
+They're fundamental activities at their development as a human and a contribution to society as a society to work.
+31 percent, about three teenage girls, are holding back at a classroom -- they're not discussing because they don't want to distract attention.
+One out of five doesn't even go to school if they don't feel comfortable with it.
+When you think about exams, you don't look good enough or don't get thin enough, on average, you get a grade worse than the people who don't care about that.
+And this is the case everywhere, in Finland, USA.
+And China, and in a way, just like how much you would really suck.
+To make the point, it's about how you think you're looking, not how you actually make it.
+It looks negative: negative bodies under academic achievement.
+But it also sucks in health.
+Teen teenagers with negative senses make less sport, less fruit and vegetables, more likely to have the weight, which is inexhaustible, and it can cause disorders.
+And that just doesn't change.
+Women who think they're thick, and again, whether they're equal or not -- have higher miscarriage.
+Ninety-five percent of women would not go to a job interview if they didn't feel comfortable with their appearance.
+So think about what this is about in terms of economics.
+If we could overcome that, what opportunities it opened up.
+This potential is in the interest of any one of us.
+But how do we do it?
+Only, it doesn't get us very far.
+The only thing that you can do is not enough.
+If we want to move what we need to do, we need to do something.
+Here are three key things: First, we have to teach them self-worth.
+We need to help our teenagers develop strategies to overcome the image of the image and the plow of self-worth.
+The good news is that there are many programs already.
+But the bad news is that most of the time it's not working.
+I was shocked to learn that well-intentioned programs have disappeared in a situation.
+We really need to make sure that the programs that we're in right now are in not only having children, but we have a positive, long-term impact.
+Research shows that the best six key areas actually work: First, family impact, friends and relationships.
+Secondly, the media and the Starvation of our species and our company with a set of inmates that we have with people that look at this, and give us some people what they call "Body Talks," or "cody Talk" -- and the foundation for self-worth.
+That's what women are being seen as questions that are being talked about and what they're being talked about.
+It's not okay that we're putting our politicians on their hairstyles, the size of their breasts, or the more evaluable success, that success depends on a axis of their looks.
+We need to start grading them up, and not how they look.
+We can all start to post the responsibility for images and comments that we post in social networks.
+We can make people compliments for their success and their actions, and not for their looks, right?
+And I ask you, did you, have the last mirror ever?
+We need to work as communities, governments and business partners, to move around, to value our children's self-esteem and our individuality and diversity in the process.
+We have to make people who are really moving, put Pod, so that they can make a difference in the world.
+You have to let the stage, because the world is just changing.
+One world in which our children have the freedom to become the best version of their self, in which they don't see their appearance, they are who they really are, or what they want to do.
+Think of what this might mean for someone in your life.
+A friend? Or the woman sitting on.
+What would it mean for them if they were free of this voice, to their inner critic who sat down longer, thin thigh, smaller stomachs or smaller feet?
+What would it mean for them if we put that out on walls and all that potential?
+Today, we all have a obsession with our culture.
+Let's tell our kids the truth.
+Let's show them that it's just a part of our identity, and that we really love them for what they're doing and what they're giving us a sense of sense of sense of purpose.
+Self-confidence needs to be at the curriculum.
+Every single one of us should change the way we talk and compare to others.
+Working together as communities, from the Votes to governments to the movement, so that the happy-year-olds of today become the confident world-abbling of tomorrow.
+Let's go.
+On November 5th, a man named El-Saydidy Nosdy No. And on a hotel in Manhattan, brought in a lethal Attent baby, the founder of the Jewish Defense League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League League.
+Noair became a design by the Morst Fish, but during the murder of his small actions he sat down, he began planning other men and women to plan for a dozen New Yorkers, including tunnels, synapses, and the headquarters for the United Nations.
+Luckily, these plans were passed by an FBI informant.
+Sadly, the proposal on the World Trade Center in 1993 wasn't ivated.
+I was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, when a son of an Egyptian engineer and a loving American and school teacher, who gave her best to give me a happy childhood.
+It was only when I was seven years old that the family dynamics started to change.
+My father showed me a side of Islam, which just a few people, including the vast majority of Muslims.
+But there are religions in every single people, a small percentage of people, who are so scared of people who believe that they should, they must do everything in their power to make others like them.
+We got to Caltech a slide that was never seen before, but our knowledge was accepted.
+On the day of my last sphere, my last sphere of orange light began to cross the target, and to my surprise, especially the end of all my goal, came to fire.
+This comment appeared to be quite a bit later, but it was only a few years later I understood what they actually thought of it.
+They thought I had the same drawing as my father.
+These men were eventually evicted for it, a six-pound Swedish store with a below the car park, put up under the North Pole of the fecal material, and the explosion of people killed over a thousand people.
+I looked up at these men.
+These guys were called "a ugli," which meant a lot of shit.
+When I was nine, we were already at nine times, and this instability in my childhood had barely gotten me a chance to find friends.
+Once I was living a little bit, it was time to pack the suitcase and move to the next city.
+And as I was always born, I was in class the victims of the owner of the states.
+So I spent most of my time at home reading books, and I was watching television or playing video games.
+So I was missing out on a book of interdependence -- trying to express it -- and I grew up in a raft of household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household household, not prepared for the real world.
+I was raised to rate people arbitrary scales like they were by their origins or their religion.
+So what opened my eyes?
+One of my first experiences that I found challenging my mindset was in 2000 in the presidential election.
+When I was preparing college, I was able to participate in the National Youther in Philadelphia.
+The focus of my group was rape, and since I was advertently in high school, I noticed this subject of intense emotions.
+The members of our group came from different social layers.
+On the last day of the Convention, I found that a boy I had just been friends with, Jews.
+And it took me several days to get to this detail, and I realized that between us, there was no natural enemy.
+There I met people's belief in all faiths and cultures, and that experience really matched my personality.
+And it caused me to take the stereotypes that I've been taught to compare to desire in real life.
+I don't know how it's like to be gay, but I know that it's very good for something that's depleted to be convicted of my control.
+Then there was the "Daily show."
+Now inspiration comes from the very, very often from the unexpected side, and the fact that a Jewish comrade has influenced my world as a extreme father, I haven't been influenced by myself.
+And one day, I had a conversation with my mother about how my worldview started to change, and she said to me something I live on so long, in my heart.
+She looked at me with the tired eyes of a woman who had experienced her whole life, and said, "I'm tired of hate people."
+And I realized at that moment how much negative energy it takes to maintain that hate.
+Zak Ebrahimhim is not my right name.
+I changed him as my family decided to break down the contact of my father and begin a new life.
+So why do I go out and take myself into danger?
+It's very simple.
+Instead, I use my experience to fight against terrorism, against the fanatchialism.
+I do it for the victims of terrorism and the loved ones, the terrible pain and loss that terrorism has in their lives.
+For the victims of terrorism, I speak against those unemployed and sentenced the action of my father.
+And I'm just living with this simple fact that I'm living in a life-long troublemaker or a group of people who don't have to live in a nutshell.
+I'm not my father.
+Right now there's a film going on in your head.
+It's an amazing, morepurposing.
+He's got 3D understandings of all of this stuff that you're seeing right now and hearing, but that's just the beginning.
+You have smell, taste and touch.
+He has a feeling for your body, pain, hunger, orgasm.
+He has emotions, anger and joy.
+It has memories, for example, that are of your childhood, that are playing you off.
+And he has a permanent speech: that conscious thinking.
+The main control over the movie is you can play, and you can experience all that directly.
+The movie is your stream of consciousness, the result of how you experience your mind and the world.
+The conscious mind is one of the fundamental elements of being human.
+We're all aware of.
+We all have our own internal movies, you, and you, and you.
+There's nothing that we're experiencing right now.
+At least I step into my consciousness.
+I can't really say you're aware, either.
+Our consciousness is also what makes life worthwhile.
+If we didn't know what it would be like in our lives, or value.
+At the same time, it's also the most mysterious phenomenon of the universe.
+Why are we not just putting robots in and allowing the input to do all the outputs without experiencing that internal movie?
+At this point, nobody knows the answers at this stage.
+I want to argue that some radical ideas will require that in order to be scientifically engineered.
+Some people say that a science of consciousness is impossible.
+Science is objective by science.
+The conscious mind is from subjective.
+So, there can never be a science of consciousness.
+For most of the 20th century, this was the dominant opinion.
+Psychologists have studied the behavior of objective scientists, neuroscientists studying objectively, and no one has ever mentioned consciousness.
+And even 30 years ago, when TED was founded, there was very little scientific work in the field of consciousness.
+About 20 years ago, change started.
+Neurorick like Francis Crick and physicists, as Roger Penrose, have now come to the period in which scientists have to deal with consciousness.
+Since that time, there's been a real explosion, and the science of consciousness has started to savore.
+This work is great. It's great.
+But it still has some basic limits.
+And part of that work that we just saw was a wonderful part of that, Nancy Kanwisher as they presented their wonderful work.
+So now we understand a lot better, for example, what brain regions are related to the perception of facial expressions, or the feeling of pain or joy.
+But this is still a science of correlations.
+It's not science that's a science of explanation.
+We know that these regions of the brain are going to go back to certain kinds of oblivious to the ecology, but we don't know why they do that.
+I see it in this way that the insights of neuroscience are some questions about consciousness that we're looking for -- the questions that we're looking for -- what are the brain regions of the brain, and what they're doing with it.
+But in a way, these are the simple problems.
+Nothing against neuroscientists.
+There's no easy problems in consciousness.
+But does this not solve the true puzzle, the core of this topic: Why are all the physical processes of the brain at all?
+Why does this inner, subjective film exist?
+So far, there's no answer to that question.
+Now you might think, well, there should be science just a few years away.
+It will be about another emergent phenomenon, like traffic jams, like life support, and we will explain it.
+The classic problems of emergence come together, they all address the way in which congestion emerges, like our inflict, they form a living organism, they adapt, they ask questions of objective work.
+You could apply this to the human brain by controlling behaviors and functions as emergents of the human brain, as we speak, the way we talk chess, the way we talk about questions of behavior.
+But when it comes to consciousness, questions are largely the simplest problems you face.
+If you're talking about complicated problems, then the question arises, and why all these behaviors are involved in subjective experience.
+Now, the standard emergence of emergence, even the standard neuroscience, hasn't much to say.
+Now, as a scientist, I'm a materialist.
+I want to put a scientific theory of consciousness that works for a long time, and for my mind, I think, a theory that I think is completely physical and works on brilliance.
+But I had to make sure that this didn't work, for a systematic reason.
+So I think we've gone from a dead end to a kind of dead end.
+We have this wonderful chain of explanations, great explanations, and that's how most of the physics explain chemistry, chemistry is explaining biology, and biology's part of psychology.
+But consciousness doesn't seem to fit into that model.
+On one side, there's a sense that we are conscious.
+On the other hand, we don't know how to put this in our scientific world.
+So I think consciousness is a kind of anomaly at the moment, which we have to integrate in our world, but not quite knowing exactly how.
+With such anomy, we could be able to have a radical ideas, and I think we could use one or two ideas that are coming back before we get consciousness in the scientific world.
+There are a few candidates who come into questioning those crazy ideas.
+My friend Dan Dennett, who's here today, has one of those ideas.
+He means that there's no hard problem with consciousness.
+All of the idea of the inner subjective film is based in a kind of illusion or confusion.
+Actually, we just have to explain what the brain function, and then we have everything to explain.
+I'm just saying, "Great!
+That's the kind of radical ideas we need to explore when we're in search of a reductionist and brain-based theory of consciousness.
+But that's the view for me and many others I don't feel contentious, because they are influenced by the existence of the human consciousness.
+So I'm going in a different direction.
+And I want to end up in this era of two crazy ideas that I think could be very promising.
+The first crazy idea is that consciousness is fundamental.
+Physicists see some aspects of the universe as a fundamental building block, time and mass.
+They're based on fundamental laws that based on how the laws of gravity or quantum mechanics work.
+Those fundamental qualities and laws are yet to explain by none of the reasons why it's yet possible.
+They are, more seen than they are, and in fact, the world is built.
+Sometimes the list comes in and that the list of fundamental things is expanding.
+In the 19th century, Maxwell found that you can't explain the phenomenon of electromagnetism with some fundamental things: space, time, mass, Newtonian laws. So he reacted fundamentally on electric charge and explained the electrical properties as a fundamental element, which this laws turn around.
+I think we have consciousness in the same situation.
+If you can't explain consciousness with the existing elements -- space, time, mass -- then the logical conclusion is that you have to expand the list.
+The natural consequence would be to explain consciousness as a fundamental element to a fundamental building block of nature.
+That doesn't mean you can't drive science to do it.
+It opens the way for science to get away with it.
+What we have to do then is build fundamental laws that relate to consciousness, that connects consciousness to other fundamental elements -- space, time, mass, physical processes.
+Some of the physicists sometimes say we need fundamental laws that are so simple that you can print it on the front of a t-shirt.
+I think we're conscious with that situation.
+We want to find fundamental laws that are so simple that you can print them on a t-shirt.
+We don't know yet what the laws are, but we're working on it.
+The second crazy idea is that consciousness could be universal.
+Every system could have some kind of consciousness.
+This view is sometimes called panpsychoticism: "Pan for everything," for mind-blowing, not just humans, dogs, mice, even Rob Knights, element-led particles.
+Even each photon has some level of consciousness.
+This approach doesn't say photons are smart or thinkers can be thought.
+A photo is not sucky, and thinking, "Oh, my God, I'm going to move close to the speed of light.
+I can never slow down and watch myself."
+No, not.
+But the idea is that photons might have some sort of a kind of a resurrecting, subjective feeling, a kind of primitive predisposition of consciousness.
+This may sound a little bit suspicious.
+I mean, why would anyone think this way?
+Part of the reason why part of this is because the first crazy idea is conscious.
+If it's fundamentally fundamental, if space, like space, time and mass, it might be universal as it is.
+You also have to say that this idea seems counterintuitive to us, for humans humans, but far less terrifying within cultures, that cultures see the human spirit in a much stronger one.
+A deeper motivation comes from the idea that perhaps the simplest and best way to think of consciousness and physical processing is to connect with information.
+Where there is information processing, there is consciousness.
+It's a complex information processing, like in humans -- complex consciousness.
+Simple information processing -- simple consciousness.
+What's interesting is that in recent years, a neuroscientist, Giulioioon sound that's really developed this theory with a mathematical theory.
+It's a mathematical level of information he calls "Piphe" to measure the amount of information in a system.
+And he thinks that phoia is a sort of way of saying things.
+So in the human brain, an unfavorable amount of information, a high level of phoid, a whole bunch of consciousness.
+In a mouse, middle amounts of information, still very high -- significant levels of awareness.
+But as we go further down, microbes, particles, increases strong.
+The information pervasive but still bigger than zero.
+And sound, the theory is still going to be a very, very essentially, if you want to get consciousness going down.
+Indeed, he makes a fundamental law of consciousness: high phoi, high conscious.
+I don't know if this theory is right, but it could be the latest theory in science, and it serves the creation of a whole array of scientific data, but it's also easy enough to print it on the front of a T-shirt.
+Another final thing about this is that panpsychiatricism might help us integrate consciousness into the physical world.
+Physicists and philosophers have observed that the physics is numbly abstract.
+It describes the structure of reality by a set of formulas, but it doesn't tell us anything about the reality that it exists.
+As Stephen Hawking says, "What frog is living?"
+After the tank of psychiatricis, you can leave the formulas on how they are, but you can use them to explain the power of consciousness.
+That's what physics does ultimately explain the power of consciousness.
+So it's the conscious mind that tagged the formula.
+From this view, consciousness is not a set of consciousness beyond the physical world as a kind of extra dimensions.
+It's right in its center.
+I think that this panicked way of thinking about how we can change our relationship to nature, and it might have some serious social and ethical ed.
+Some of them may not be intuitive.
+I thought I should have nothing to eat or have a conscious mind, and that's why vegetation should be.
+If you enter the panicking view, you become very hungry.
+And I think if you think about it, that could change the way we view what is ethical and moral view, that is less of consciousness, but rather, the scale of consciousness and complexity.
+It's also logically obvious that consciousness is a system of other systems, such as in computers.
+What about the artificially smart system in the film, Samantha?
+Is she conscious?
+You enter the informal, panpsychotic view, and certainly it has a high level of information processing and -- integrating that, yes, it's conscious.
+When that is right, ethnic issues are coming, both for the ethics of the development systems and for ethics, they are turning into ethics.
+After all, you could ask for the conscious group of planets.
+Does Canada have a sense of consciousness?
+Or at the local level, we have a unified group, like the audience of a TED conference, we just have a collective TEDTalk; there's an internal movie group for these collective TED groups that are different from the internal films of every single film?
+I don't know the answer to that question, but I think it should be at least asked.
+Okay, this vision of psychiatricism is radical, and I don't know if it's right.
+I'm actually more excited by the first idea that consciousness is fundamentally fundamental than the second, that it's universal.
+So, this view of views raises a number of questions, and of ways, like the individual challenges of consciousness that we've come together and create that complexity of consciousness that we know and love.
+And if we can find answers on this, then we can get real theories of consciousness.
+If not, then this may be the most complex problem in science and philosophy.
+We can't wait to solve it overnight.
+But I think we'll eventually solve it.
+I think understanding our consciousness is both a key to understanding the universe and to the understanding of ourselves.
+It may just take the right idea.
+Thank you.
+I grew up in a very small town in Victoria.
+My childhood popped up normal and otherwise he never met.
+I went to school, surrounded with friends, and my youngest sisters.
+It was all normal.
+When I was 15 years old, a member of my parents spoke about me: The community was trying to nominate me for a particular list.
+My parents said, "Well, that's really nice, but there's a problem with this.
+In fact, she's not achieved anything." And they'd been right.
+I went to school, I got some good grades, helped school run out of the barbarians of my mom and spent a lot of time looking at "Buffy the bananas" and "Daws of the Creek."
+Yeah, I know. What a contradiction.
+But they were right.
+Years later, while my teaching student in Melbourne was a high school, after 20 minutes a student rushed to the legal right, and he asked, "When will you start talking to your speech?"
+"What talk?" I wanted to know.
+I had talked for 20 minutes about euthanasia and ablee.
+He said, "Well, you know, your motivational excuses.
+When somebody in the wheelchair comes here, most people will inspire them."
+"Normal this happens in the aula."
+And it was a light that went on to see these guys that had only been known as the disability objective.
+We're for him -- and he can't do anything for this.
+For many of you, teachers are not teachers, doctors or scarcity.
+We are not real people. We shall inspire.
+And actually, I'm sitting on this stage here, and I'm looking like I'm looking at in a wheelchair, and you're probably expecting me to inspire you. Right?
+Ladies and gentlemen, I gotta deceive you.
+I'm not here to inspire you.
+I'm going to tell you that when we're in a disability, it's about disability.
+Behind isn't a bad thing, and it doesn't make us exceptional.
+In recent years, we were able to spread that lie even further in social media.
+You've probably seen images like this: "The only disability in life is a bad attitude."
+Or, "Your excuse is disabled."
+Or, "Be careful, be on, close to you!"
+These are just a few examples; there are many images like this.
+You may know about this little girl with no hands, with the pen in her mouth.
+You may have seen this child running on carbon hypothesis.
+And these pictures, there are many, many that we call inspiration.
+I use the word pore in terms of, because here you do people with objects for benefiting.
+You've made disability to objects so that you can benefit non-humanizing.
+Such images have the purpose to inspire, to motivate and to engage the disability, to look at and think, "How bad my life is, it could be worse.
+I could be that person."
+But what if you are a person?
+I stopped telling people how often I spoke about strangers to tell me they were brave or inspiring, and this was a long time ago when my work was known.
+In a way, I congratulated myself, hoping that I could wake up in the morning and remember my name. It's a human being made into objects.
+All these pictures make disabilities to the good of the non-violent.
+Behind them are there to be able to see them, so you can see them better, and you can actually engage in a relatively low way.
+Life with disability is actually quite difficult.
+We cope with a lot of things.
+But what we're arguing is not what you're supposed to be.
+It's not about our body.
+I use the term "creation with intent," because I support the social model of disability, and we are more disabled in society than we are living through and diagnoses.
+I have been living a long time in this body.
+I like it quite a lot.
+He's doing what it takes, and I've learned that his skills could be the same as you can, which is the way that you can teach kids about these photos.
+They do nothing extraordinary.
+They just use their body as well as possible.
+Is it really fair to make objects and how these photographs are shared?
+When people say "you are inspiration," they want to assemble a compliment.
+I know why.
+Because of the lying that we've been influenced by: disabled makes extraordinary.
+I'm extremely intrigued by this kind of arctic and you're thinking, "Wait, you never inspire you?"
+But, yeah.
+I'm always learning from other disabilities.
+But I don't learn, however, that I was lucky enough to have them.
+I'm learning how to do a great idea with a cricketer, unpack the mashup, and I learn to download the squid tricks to the battery's cell phone.
+Genius!
+We learn from the strength and the resilience of others, not in the fight against our bodies and diagnosis, but against a world that makes us special.
+And I think that lies in this lies over disability is an impossibility.
+It makes us difficult.
+And the only disability in life is a bad attitude, because it's not true of the social model of disability.
+You can smile the staircase for a long time, yet it doesn't turn into a ramp.
+It's never going to happen.
+I want to live in a world in which disability is the norm.
+In one 15-year-old girl who is sitting in her room -- the bangs of the drew the bangs of the monks, not seen as success, just because she's doing it in the seat.
+I want to live in a world where you didn't expect so little to stand up and give them your name congratulated tomorrow.
+I want to live in a world where real power is recognized; I want to live in a world where a student in Melbourne is not a admirer who's a wonderful teacher sits on a wheelchair.
+Don't let us know how to think about disabled, but let's ask that question that mind.
+Thank you.
+What have, more generally, reality and professional rocking with empathy?
+How fast is a swandering device in the air?
+Unfortunately, today, I'm only going to answer one of these questions, so please don't be disappointed.
+Most people think in terms of reality inMinority Report and Tom Cruise, like in the air flies, but he's not science fiction.
+ER is something that comes faster than us, and ER is going to come to our lifetime, because we need the technologies to be aware of this, because ER is going to change our lives, just like the Internet and the mobile phone.
+And how do we get ER?
+The first step to success is I'm wearing Google Glass.
+Many of you will know Google Glass.
+You may not know that Google Glass is a device that allows you to see what I'm seeing.
+And experience, as a professional grouper, it's a field trip to the field.
+Now, if you're a neurologist, you can only experience that.
+I have to touch it into words.
+I have to create a framework that fills you with your imagination.
+With Google Glass, we can put that under a helmet and get a feeling for how it's like running 160 things to run over the field and feel your heart rate at the entire body.
+You can experience what it's like to have a 125-pound kilo of thrower at you and try full body bag.
+I experienced this firsthand, and it doesn't feel good.
+So here's the video.
+Go.
+Ah, being beaten up, is euthanized.
+Right now, I'm going to get closer.
+Are you ready?
+Go!
+You've probably found, well, that's the rest of the team.
+We have a video of it from college.
+Quarterback: Hey, Mice 54!
+Blue 8! Blue! Go!
+Oh!
+Fans want this experience.
+We want to get up in the field.
+You want to be your favorite player, and have already spoken on YouTube and on Twitter, "Can you give this a Quarterboard?
+Once we have the experience, with GoPro and Google Glass, how do we do it better?
+What's the next step?
+The oculus is considered one of the most realistic Sunday tools ever, and it's not just a hyena.
+And I can show you a little video of why this is happening.
+Oh!
+No! No! I don't want no!
+Oh my God! Aaaah!
+He was experiencing a man of a rollercoaster and a traveler.
+How is it going to be like he's going to fall over 100 miles down the hill?
+I think adults will carry jokes again.
+But this is not a ER.
+This is virtual reality.
+How do we get to the ER?
+We're building this, when coaches, managers and owners are putting together this information and saying, "How do we improve this team?
+How can we win games with it?"
+Play-Dohs use technology to win games.
+They like to win, it brings money.
+It's a quick story in the NFL of technologies.
+In 1965, Baltimore Cot's Quarterly given her Quarterly a tape that he could make his elevator faster.
+They won the SuperBowl.
+Other teams followed the example.
+And people saw more things, because games were beginning to look.
+We've been more exciting and faster.
+In 1994, the NFL gave the helmet helmets to the Quarterian lobes, and later on, the defense of the defenses.
+More people saw games getting faster.
+and "Remember it."
+Imagine playing back with 2023, and you're going to play theuddle, and you're going to see the next swell directly in your plastic sock that you're carrying today.
+No fear of forgot more.
+No more fear, all tactics have to memorize.
+They go out there and react.
+And the coaches want to do that because if you're missing instructions, you don't like losing games.
+They're then fired.
+They don't want that.
+But ER is not just a better game book.
+ER allows you to decode all of this data in real time and improve your game.
+What did that look like?
+A very simple mechanism would be a camera at every corner of the stadium showing all the people at the bottom of the bird's bird's bird's bird's eye.
+They also have the data from the helmet sensors and the accents, where technologies are working on.
+You're going to hear all this data for your player.
+The good teams are doing good data.
+It's a bad datafluence.
+That's what makes good and bad teams different.
+And now your IT departments are as important as your metric, and data for nerds is no longer just a case of nerds.
+It's true of sports. Who would have thought?
+What did that look like in the field?
+Imagine you're a Quarterlys.
+You get the ball.
+They're looking for a free player.
+Suddenly, a light reverberates on your left and shows you that the Side Side Line started.
+And you don't usually see him, but the ER is sharing exactly what the player's going on.
+They're in position.
+Another lightning bolt for a co-teacher.
+They throw it out, but then they get hit.
+And the ball is out of control.
+You don't know where he ends up.
+But on the visual level of the spot, it becomes the location, and it can respond.
+He can catch the ball, walks over, touchdown.
+The crowd goes off and the fans are always there with him, and everyone at the time.
+That will create a new desire for the game.
+People are going to be looking into mass, because they want this experience.
+Fans want to be in the field.
+Do you want to be your favorite player.
+You know, the sports part of the sports stadium is not going to do it.
+But my question to you is: Are we happy to use ER only for this?
+Do we want ER bread, games, ordinary entertainment?
+Because I think we can actually use ER for more.
+I think we can use the ER to promote the empathy in people by showing someone how to relate to someone else.
+We know what this technology is worth.
+They invest money at a billion dollars per year.
+What is this technology worth in Uganda or Russia showing the world under which conditions he lives?
+What is this technology capital Hadfield or Neil deGrase's worth trying to inspire a generation of kids who want to think about space and science and not about coding and Kardashian's?
+Ladies and gentlemen, the aspirational reality gets a little bit.
+The questions that we ask, the decisions we make, the challenges we face, are like all the time in our hands.
+Thank you very much.
+I moved out of the California service just 23 years ago to the California traffic.
+Most of the time I spent 23 years as a patrol on the south coast of the Marin County, who's also the Golden Gate Bridge.
+The bridge is an iconic design network worldwide, worldwide, to its beautiful view of the Earth, the Pacific Ocean, and its inspiring architecture.
+Unfortunately, it's a magnet for suicide, because it's part of the world's most used in the world.
+The Golden Gate Bridge opened in 1937.
+Joseph Strauss, who's the lead engineer, gets quoted in the words, "The bridge is literally a suicide bombing.
+Even if you want to commit to the bridge, it's neither practical nor well."
+But since their opening day, more than 1,200 people have voted themselves out of that bridge in death.
+Some believe that one has the other one, in the two door, one has the bridge was attributed to a romantic one -- the bridge was, that by the reason, you're liberated by all the worry and everything, and the water that's in the bottom of you.
+I'm telling you what's really happening when the bridge becomes a means to suicide.
+As you can see, the bone-generated bone, the bones that some of the living organs have a lot of.
+Most of them die when they die.
+Those who don't die, usually row in the water... and then drink it.
+I don't think that the kind of suicide that we see clearly is, what a cruel death can be.
+This is the cables.
+From the space around the two doors, 80-inch steel-long steel-inch steel-long steel-inch steel-long steel-inch complete steel-foot-long steel cliffs.
+Here are the most people before they take the life.
+I can tell you that one person standing on the cable at a time, and that is in their darkest hour, is very difficult to bring back.
+I shot this photograph last year when this young woman spoke to a police officer and was thinking about her life.
+I'm very happy to tell you that on that day we were successful at getting them to the other side of the terrain.
+When I started working on the bridge, there was no official training.
+You've been looking through your whole phone call.
+It wasn't just a potential self-help person, it was also for the policemen.
+Since then, we've been on a long road.
+Today, former policemen and psychologists are training the new policemen.
+This is Jason Garber.
+I met Jason last year at July, when I got a call out around that long-distance swamp, which was about the middle of the cable on the cord.
+I answered, and when I got there, Jason looked at how he was talking to a police officer.
+Jason was just 32 years old, and he was flying here from New Jersey.
+After about an hour after we talked to Jason, he asked us if we know the story of Pandora.
+We remember the Greek mythology: Pandoraus Pandora and she gathered them together with a bunch of tar, and said, "No way, never ever that cries."
+And one day, when curiosity came, she opened the line.
+Herd was coming, enlightened suffering and all kinds of evil that spread across the human race.
+The only thing that had a good fortune was hope.
+Then Jason asked us, "What happens if you open the strand and there's no hope in it?"
+He was quiet for a moment, turned to the right and he was gone.
+This nice, smart guy from New Jersey had just taken his life.
+I spoke to that evening with Jason's parents, and I think, when I heard them talk to them, I didn't hear myself say a great day because the rabbi actually called me the rabbi.
+Jason's parents had asked him for that.
+The lateral damage of a suicide attack seems to be so many people.
+I'm going to ask you the questions: What would you do if a family member, a friend or a loved one's friend?
+What would you say?
+Would you know what to say?
+My experience is not just about each other, it's about listening.
+Listen to understand.
+Don't argue, don't do any of you, or say you're not, you know, you know, you know, you're laughing at the other person, you know what it feels like, because you probably don't know.
+Just being there, you might be the turning point that person needed.
+If you think that someone's suicidal is a bad thing, you're not afraid to confront that person.
+For example, you could ask this question: "And people in similar situations have had their lives been completed; have you had that kind of thought?"
+The person's just confronting this, maybe saves their life and gives the turning point to them.
+Other signs that you should be paying attention: hopelessness, the belief that things are bad and never going to be getting better; none of the faith that you can do about it; more re-learning social life and the loss of a common set.
+I was just going to spend a few days ago, and I got an email from a lady that I'd like to read to you earlier.
+She lost her son on January of January this year, and she wrote this email just a few days before, and with her permission, I'm going to read it to you.
+"Hi Kevin, probably you're at the TED Conference.
+It has to be a great experience there.
+I think I should go for that weekend on the bridge.
+I wanted to send you a few lines.
+I hope you reach a lot with your message, and you go home and talk to your friends about it, and so forth.
+I'm still quite sure, but I've still got a few moments when I realize Mike isn't going home anymore.
+Mikealum is taken to San Francisco to look at his father at the 19th of January.
+He's never arrived there.
+I called the police in Petalum, and I missed him that night.
+The next morning, two policemen came home to me and told me that Mike's car was at the bottom of the bridge.
+A witness saw how he was about 13:58 pricks the day before.m.
+And thank you so much for being the ones that maybe you're too weak to be strong for yourself.
+Who haven't, have you ever noticed that he suffered from mental illness?
+It shouldn't be that easy to end your life.
+I feared you and the fight, fight.
+The GGB, Golden Gate Bridge, should be a transition about our beautiful book, not a cemetery.
+Good luck this week, Vicky."
+I can't imagine how much courage she's gotten to walk to the bridge and the way that her son took the day and not the courage to carry on.
+I'd like to introduce you to a man who is hope and courage.
+On March 11, in 2005, I responded to a report that probably rubbed some sort of suicidal human beings near the North storm.
+I drove along my motorcycle with my foot, and I watched this young man, Kevin Berthia, and he stood on the foot.
+For the next half of a week, I heard Kevin listening to his depression, and his hopelessness.
+Kevin decided to go on the day of himself to climb over the terrain, and give his life a chance to have another chance.
+And so, as Kevin climbed back, I congratulated him.
+"This is a new beginning, a new life."
+But I asked him, "What exactly did it take to climb over the rail and to give us a further chance?"
+And you know what he told me?
+He said, "You've listened to me.
+You’ve given me talking, and you’ve just listened to it."
+So, shortly after this event, I got a letter from Kevin's mother, and I got him reading it here, and I'd like to read it to you.
+"Dear Mr. Briggs, nothing can happen to the 11ths of March, but you are one of the reasons why Kevin's still under us.
+I'm a firm believer that Kevin looked for help.
+He was offered a mental illness that he received the right medicine.
+I've just adopted Kevin for six months, and I've never really seen any of the features of it, but now thank God we know.
+Kevin goes well, as he says.
+We thank God for you.
+Deep in your guilt, Narvellaella Berthia."
+And at the end of it, she said, "S. When I went to the hospital of San Francisco that night, you were a patient.
+Boy, I had to go back to that one."
+Today, Kevin is a loving father and a member of society.
+He's talking open about the events and his depression that his story inspires others.
+Even suicide is not only in my job.
+Also in the personal environment.
+My grandfather had poisoned the life of this.
+This act, even if she ended his own pain, gave me the opportunity to learn to know him.
+The suicide is affecting suicide.
+Most people or those who think about suicide would never end up thinking about injured another person.
+They just want you to end your own pain.
+And this is normally happening in three ways: sleep, drugs, alcohol, death or death.
+In my career, I responded to hundreds of calls, and I was involved in hundreds of mental illnesses, and suicide bombing around the bridge.
+When I got involved in the cases where I was just two people lost, but those are two.
+One of them was Jason.
+The other guy I spoke to, who was probably an hour.
+And he shakes my hand three times.
+And at the last hand, he looked at me, and he said, "Kevin, I'm sorry, but I have to go."
+And he jumped.
+I still want to tell you that most of the people we're dealing with on this bridge bridge doesn't commit suicide.
+And also, most of the people who jumped in and lived through it, could talk about it, they said they had a one or two percent, that they were having left the moment where they knew they had made a mistake, that they wanted to live.
+I tell people that the bridge not only connects the bridge, but the people together.
+The connection, or the bridge that we make is something that every single one of us should aspire to.
+Even suicide is preventable.
+There is help. There is hope.
+Thank you.
+The world does something that you don't, but you are deeply in yourself, and the question is, "How do you do that?"
+I'm maybe a little bit special about this, but I'm not alone, actually.
+When I became a model, it was like the dream I had had known since my childhood.
+My external self became my inner truth, my inner self.
+The reasons for this are a lot of history -- I come back to that point later -- but looking at that picture that really felt like, "Oh, that's it! You did it, you arrived."
+But I realized that last October is the beginning of the last October.
+We're all going to put on rubble, from our families, from our religion, from our society, from time to the present, even our own bodies.
+Some people have the courage to liberate the restrictions, to accept the constraints, to accept their skin color or their convictions.
+These people are always a threat to status quo, which is acceptable to be unacceptable.
+In my case, a few years of my neighbors are missing some of my friends, even my agents never knew anything about my story.
+When I was five years old, I always carried home on the Philippines of this t-shirt.
+My mother asked me, "Why do you keep getting that t-shirt in your head?"
+I said, "Mom, these are my hair. I'm a girl."
+I knew my own identity at the time.
+So the gender is always seen as a fact, unchanging, but we know today that it's flow, it's complex and secret.
+And because of my success, I never really had the courage to tell my story, not because I thought it was true, but because of the way the world treated us.
+Every day I am so grateful, because I am a woman.
+I have a mother, a father and a family who accept me just as I am.
+Many are not so lucky.
+In Asia, there is an old tradition that preachs a gender-eating mystery.
+There is a Buddhist god, the compassion.
+There's a Hindu, a Hjira-Gira-Gir [unclear] woman.
+When I was eight years old, I was at a fista on the Philippines of that myst.
+I was standing in front of the stage, and I remember this beautiful woman, just before me, and at that moment I knew that kind of woman I wanted to be.
+When I was 15 years old, I still dressed as a boy, I met a woman named T.L.
+She was a manager of transgender people.
+And that evening, she asked me, "Why don't you do beauty in the competition?"
+That moment changed my life.
+Suddenly, I found myself in the beauty competition.
+Not many people had died in the first job of a royal wave for transgender people, but it's my name.
+At the age of 15, I would die between the 15 and 17 years, and in that place, literally, that would happen in the back of the truck, or sometimes the sidewalk was on a rice field, and when it rains -- it rains all the organisms -- you had to put the organisms in the Philippines.
+I also experienced the goods of strangers, particularly in remote provinces of the Philippines.
+But most importantly, I found some of my best friends in this community.
+In 2001, my mother called me out of San Francisco, and told me that my bill had been volunteered for Green Card, that I could now go to the United States.
+I fought it against me.
+I said to her, "Mom, I have fun.
+I'm here with friends, I love to travel and be a royal wave.
+Two weeks later, she called back and said, "Did you know you can change your name in America?"
+More I didn't have to hear.
+My mother also meant to write my name with two 'E.
+She also accompanied me when I was 19, I had my surgery in 19 years.
+It's interesting that, in the most rural areas of Thailand, some of them are being done in the first and challenging operations.
+It was necessary at the time that you needed to operate in the United States before you could change your name and your gender.
+So, in 2001, I moved to San Francisco, and I still know when I saw my California leaders named Geet and the gender record.
+That was an amazing moment.
+For some people, this detection is a license to drive, or to buying a purchase of alcohol, but to me it was my license to live and feel dignity.
+I believed that I could make my dream come to New York and be a model.
+Many are not so lucky.
+I'm thinking about this woman named Ayla Nettles.
+She's from New York, a young woman who lived boldly to her truth, but hated her life.
+And for most of my background, this is the reality we live in.
+Our suicide rate is nine times higher than the general population.
+Every year on November 20, we keep a global Anded transcendence Day.
+I'm standing on this stage because there's a long history of people who are fought and fighting against injustice.
+These are Marsha P. Johnson and Sylviaa.
+Today, right now, my real output is happening.
+I could no longer live my own truth for myself.
+I want to give my best, to help others, to live their truth without shame and fear.
+I'm referring to this so that one day it won't be necessary to keep up by November 20.
+My inner truth allowed me to accept me just as I am.
+Can you do that?
+Thank you.
+I'd love to say that you'd love to tell parents, but in particular to other people, to those who face or have all the difficulties that are shared with them, what could you say to the family members of those people who have good care for them and feel good about being more compassionate families?
+Sure. Before we go, I'm very lucky.
+And sometimes it works, so it's not, so -- it's just that the gender identity is at the core of our being, right?
+We all have a gender in birth, and I try to have a conversation about how that might lead to divided gender, and that sometimes you shouldn't fit people in the room, and we need to be able to find their own identities, and we should lead that conversation with parents, with colleagues.
+The transgender movement is still at the beginning of the reading and gay movement.
+There's a lot of work to be done.
+There should be insight.
+There should be room for curiosity, for questions, and I hope you all agree there are my allies.
+Thank you very much. That was beautiful. Thank you.
+In many patriarchal societies and tribal societies, fathers are usually known by their sons, but I'm one of the few fathers who's known by his daughter, and I'm proud of it.
+Before, she was my daughter, but now I'm her father.
+Ladies and gentlemen, if we look at the history of humankind, the story of women is a story of injustice, inequality, violence and exploitation.
+She's not going to be called welcome, not by her mother or her father.
+The neighborhood comes over to be a mother, and nobody congratulates the father.
+A mother feels very uncomfortable when she has a girl.
+When she gets the first girl to the world, she's sad.
+If she brings the second daughter to the world, she's shocked and in expectations, a son of birth, she feels guilty of a verb.
+Not only that mother suffers, but she's also the daughter, the daughter, when she's older, she's suffering.
+With five, at a age when she was supposed to be going to school, she stays at home, doing her brothers being recorded in school.
+By the age of 12, she's sort of a good life.
+It's a fun one.
+She can play with her friends on the street, and she can move there like a butterflies.
+But when adolescents, when you were 13 years old, her wretched, male encounters go out of the house.
+It's locked inside their own home walls.
+It's no longer a free person.
+She is so called her father's honor, her brothers and family, and if she were hurtling so-called honor code, she can actually be killed.
+And what's interesting about this is that this so-called honor code is not only the life of girls themselves, but it's also affecting the lives of the male family members.
+I know a family with seven sisters and one of those brothers, and this one brother is a Gulf sadage in the Gulf of Europe to earn a living and his parents think it's because he thinks it's easier for a profession to learn, when his seven sisters and he went to work with the home and to do something to do something to help them solve.
+This brother, therefore, was the joy in his life, and the happiness of his sisters on the so-called honor.
+There's another important norm in the patriarchal society, and that's walking.
+A very good girl has to be very quiet, very humble and very submerged.
+That's the scale.
+The image of good girls has to be very quiet.
+She was supposed to be very weak, and she was going to accept the decisions of her father and her mother, and the decisions if she made that decision.
+Otherwise it's a self-declad mucking.
+And what happens at the end?
+In the words of a poet, she's married and saved her to bring more sons and daughters to the world.
+And that vicious cycle continues to continue.
+Ladies and gentlemen, these nagging of millions of women could be changed if we could create different kinds of women and men differently, if we could create women and men in patriarchal societies in the developing world, in patriarchal societies, allowing some of the laws that they were able to create and focus on the issues that were vaccinated against the basic human rights of women.
+Love and sisters, when I was born, was the first time, and please trust me, and I say, honestly, not a newborn -- when I was a moment in which you believe me, I was honored to be deeply.
+Long before she was born, I thought about her name, and I was fascinated by the heroic, legendary freedom of Afghanistan.
+Her name was Malalai a lot of Mayans, and I named my daughter after her.
+A few days after birth, after my daughter, who was born, came into a fluke, and this was all a family and brought home to me, a family tree of Yousafzai, and when I looked back at this family of cotton, he was 300 years old.
+And when I looked at him -- all of the men -- I took my pen, and I put a line away from my name, and wrote "alala" there.
+When she was older, four and a half years old, I recorded it in my school.
+Now you might ask, why would I mention a girl being taken in a school?
+Yeah, I've got to mention it.
+This may be true of course, as a natural in Canada and in many other developed countries, but in poor countries, patriarchal societies, tribal societies, is a huge event in the lives of a girl.
+To go to school, their identity and name their names.
+She shows that she can go to school, that she can enter her dream of dreams and hope, where she can study her talents for her future lives.
+I have five sisters and none of those could go to school, and it's going to be amazing, but two weeks ago when I was filling the form of the Canadian vector, and I was answered by the family about my sisters, and I couldn't remember the offspring of my sisters.
+And the reason I've never seen the names of my sisters before, is because of any documents.
+My father couldn't give my sisters, I couldn't give his own daughters, I had to change.
+I've always been estimated to be intelligence and my daughter's glasses.
+I encouraged them to sit with me and visit my friends.
+I encouraged them to come with me different meetings.
+And all those good values, I tried to get into their personality.
+And it wasn't just for them, it wasn't for paintbrush.
+I shared these good values in my school, both with college and students.
+I used education to educate.
+I taught my girls to learn to walk through the lesson of walking to sidewalks.
+I brought my students to learn what we call a so-called Pse-E-Na.
+Love and sisters, we struggled for more rights and we struggle to get more, more and more room for women, more and more room for women in the society.
+But we've stumbled across a new phenomenon.
+Something fatal to human rights, and particularly women's rights.
+It's called the Talibanization.
+That's the complete denial of women in all political, economic and social activities.
+Hundreds of schools have been lost.
+Girls were banned to go to school.
+Women were forced to wear veils, and they were thrown into markets.
+Musicians were brought to silence, girls and singers were killed.
+Millions of people talked, but there were a few things that were very scary to join those who are surrounded by themselves, who are surrounded by birds and kill.
+It's really the most frightening thing.
+When I was 10 years old, she stood up and said she was right for education.
+She wrote a journal for a BBC book, and she was working for the documentation of the New York Times, and she was talking on every possible stage.
+And her voice was the most powerful voice.
+It spread like a C.C.oendo everywhere in the world.
+And that was the reason the Taliban couldn't campaign, because October 2012, in October 2012, they shot off their head in a short time.
+It was the day of the youngest dish for my family and myself.
+The world became a big black hole.
+While my daughter was fucked in and fucked away, I whispered my wife's ear, "Am I going to ow, what happened to my daughter and your daughter?"
+And she immediately said, "Don't give you the fault.
+You were the right thing to do.
+You put your life on the line, for the truth, for peace, and for the education, and your daughter was inspired by you and you followed.
+You both look at the right path and God will protect them."
+These few words meant a lot to me, and I didn't ask that question.
+When there was a hospital in the hospital, and there was a lot of pain that was shattered her face, I saw a dark shadow on my wife's face.
+But my daughter never complained.
+She used to say to us, "My smile is OK, and my face is just a stumbling thing.
+I'm fine, please don't worry."
+She was a drop of us, and she gave us comfort.
+Love and sisters, we learned from her most difficult times, and I'm glad to share with you, even though she's an icon for children's rights and women, she's like every 16-year-old.
+She's crying when her homework is completely unlocked.
+She's arguing with her brothers about what I'm very happy with.
+People ask me what is so special about me when mentors did what it so bravely, so brave and so bravely so loud.
+And I say to them, "Don't ask me what I did."
+Which I didn't do.
+I didn't drop her wings. That's all.
+Thank you very much.
+I had 18 years ago become an operating brain surgery. I've become a passion for my brain.
+I'm actually an engineer.
+Anyway, after a brain surgery, a stigma is focused on.
+Am I still intelligent or not?
+And if it wasn't, am I going to get it back?
+Those of my surgery had to figure out how much each one had to do with a dozen chemicals every day, and I simply couldn't do anything, I would have died over a few hours.
+Some times it was really scarce.
+But luckily, I loved experiments, and I decided to experiment with the optimal amount of optimal doses of the domination, because there's really no driving curriculum in this area that would be detailed.
+I tried many different mixtures, and I got absolutely out of the fibers, like the smallest changes I've felt of self-respecting, my sense of self-esteem, to change my thinking about other people.
+In particular, I took a particularly dramatic case: several months of remorse and chemicals that are typical of one of the early 20s that I could barely believe how my thoughts changed.
+I was pretty extreme.
+But I was surprised that I wasn't trying to be arrogant.
+I was trying to reassure a little bit and try and solve the problem in front of me, and it just didn't come out that way.
+But I do think that I have a better understanding of the experience for men and what they need to do, and I've come a lot better since then.
+I wanted to get one out of that hormones and neurotransmitters and so on -- and after my illness, my intelligence, my creative thinking, my ideas regain.
+I think primarily in pictures, and the way that I've been asked to do this, I've been thinking of these mental images, which I use as kind of a rapid rapid prototyping for my ideas, if you will, in order to play different ideas, through different a stance.
+This is not new to think.
+Philosophers like Hump, Descartes and Hobbes saw it similar.
+They thought pictures were real, or ideas.
+Now this is being filmed by many of the best and how our minds are actually becoming real, but for me it's very simple: mental images, for most of us, are essential to the inventors and creative thinking.
+So, after several years now, I finally got involved, and I see many great, very vivid mental images with high levels and really high levels of need.
+Now I'm working on how to get these mental pictures from my head faster, on my computer.
+Imagine if a film was in the film, just with his imagination the world around you.
+Or a musician could take his music out of his head.
+And this provides tremendous opportunity for creative people to be able to divide themselves into light.
+So I want to show you why I think we are close to this. Here are two recent experiments done by two of the most recent groups in neuroscience.
+Both MRI technology -- functional magnetic resonance imaging -- to image the brain, and here you see a brain scan of Giorgiogenesis -- and his colleagues at Harvard.
+The left-hand coil shows the brain scan of one person looking at a picture.
+The middle line is a brain scan of the same person pointing to see.
+And the one on the right was a little bit of a middle-class of the left-hand column, and it shows that almost zero difference is close to zero.
+And this has been replicated with a lot of different people, with lots and lots of different images, and lots of them.
+There's almost no difference in the actual image of the image and the same image as the image that I'm looking at.
+Let me show you another experiment I did with Jack Gallant's lab at Cal Berkeley.
+In this experiment, there were hundreds of hours of people played on YouTube videos, while Scans were made, and this is how their brains were made, so a full collection of data points that show the reactions of the videos.
+Then a new film was shown, with new images, new people, new animals, and a new scan was recorded.
+The computer, just using the brain scan, decrypting the new brain scans and showed what he thought was actually the person.
+On the right-hand side you'll see the attempt for the computer and on the left clip.
+There is a language left.
+We are so close to it.
+We just need to improve resolution.
+And remember, if you look at an image, and if you look at the same image, it almost turns out the brain scan is coming out almost exactly the same.
+So this is being done with the highest resolution in the brain today, and resolution has really improved for thousands of times over the last few years.
+The next thing we need to do is to go back and get a thousand more and more stages of this.
+How do we do that?
+There are many different ways of doing this.
+One way to break your skull and use electrodes.
+That's nothing for me.
+There are many new technology techniques being proposed, some even with me, but in the very recent MRIs, we have to ask ourselves if we're already there at the end of this technology.
+conventions of experience can be raised more than just magnets, but at this point, the resolution to dramatically increase the resolution, not thousands of times the benefit we need.
+So what I'm proposing is, instead of taking bigger magnets, we need better magnets.
+We can design a much more complicated structure with slightly different kinds of connections, a little bit like a spiral.
+So why is this important?
+The last years, in the MRI technology, you were trying to make really big, huge magnets.
+But most of the recent advances in resolution have actually come through the amazing encryption and de-materialized in the U.K., and pro-recorders in an MRI system.
+So we should also add magnetic patterns, instead of one uniform field, to the U.K. radio transmitters.
+So, thanks to the combination of these magnetic patterns, with the U.K.-based frequencies, we can pull much more information out of a single scan.
+So using Ben MRI, we should be able to not only the flow of sucks of sour blood, but we should also mention hormones and neurotransmitters like we've already mentioned, and perhaps even measured direct nerve activity, which is the goal.
+We're going to be able to download our ideas directly to the digital media.
+Can you imagine communicating language with human mind?
+What would we be able to do then?
+And how will we learn to deal with the truths of filtered human minds?
+They think the Internet is big.
+These are enormous questions.
+It could be most compelling, as an instrument that enhances our thinking and our communication.
+And that instrument might actually lead to the cure for Alzheimer's disease and things like that.
+We almost have no choice but to open the door.
+It's hard to imagine that it's going to take longer.
+We need to learn to take that step together.
+Thank you.
+I think we all kind of out.
+You can be an output for the first time to tell somebody you're too weak, or someone who is pregnant, or to say that you have cancer, or some of the other difficult conversations that we have in our lives.
+And so the following thing that's very difficult is that after the output, and while the subject matter is that the experience can be very different, the experience is a mystery to stand up and to be universal.
+It's scary, and we hate it, but it needs to be done.
+A number of years ago I was working at the South Side in the South Side, a diner in the city, and during my day, I went through a phase of militant power, not a race at the Achilles'The Achilles' families'14iedied song by Angloe, Lies, as a cause.A.
+And depending on how "baggy," my Kargo orchid was, and how short my hair was just about to get right now, often, the question I'd get asked, usually from a little kid: "So are you a boy?"
+And then there was a table in the awkward silence.
+I had my teeth a little bit tied together, held my coffee cup a little bit more his vegetation.
+Dad carried out his newspaper and the mother was a cool look at her child.
+But I didn't say anything, and I was cooking inside.
+So I promised myself that I would say something next time.
+I would have a difficult conversation to do.
+So after a few weeks, it happened again.
+"Are you a boy or a girl?"
+I've got my Gloria Steinema couple.
+I actually prepared out a little excerpt from "The Vagina Monologues."
+So I go down deep, and I look down at a four-year-old girl in a pink K-12, not a challenge to a feminist, just a kid with a question: "Am you a boy or a girl?"
+So I'm going to go through deep, crawling along, and go, "Hey, I know it's a little confused.
+My hairs are kind of short like a boy, and I'm a boy, but do you know how you like to love a pink crow and sometimes slammed up your comfortable sleep?
+So, I'm more of the comfortable elephant."
+And this kid looks straight up to me in the eye without blinking, and says, "My favorite suit is sleeping with fish.
+Can I have a couple of mammals?"
+What about a elephant?
+This was the easiest ever to have ever performed.
+And why? Because the arrows and the arrows were honest with each other.
+How many of us had a secret sauce in my life, and yes, most of it was about I was gay.
+But you don't see the people wearing secrets they're wearing.
+You just know what it feels like to have a mystery.
+So my secret isn't different from yours or yours.
+I'm sure I can give you 100 reasons why my output was more difficult than yours, but actually that's not what I'm saying.
+It's hard to do.
+Who says it's harder to explain to someone who just signed up when they say you cheated that you were in the moment?
+Who says that his Coming-up story is harder than if you tell your five-year-old child that you're going to get modest?
+There's no tougher, it's hard.
+We need to stop being in a way of comparing our own difficulties to others, just to make our secrets feel better or worse, to feel better, and so instead we should have compassion because we all have it.
+At some point in our lives, we all have secrets and they like us, or at least more security than what might happen if we give them a price.
+But I'm here to tell you that, regardless of what you're about, you don't want to carry your mystery around.
+I carried a horseshoer, a articulate dress and a dress of gloves.
+I wasn't the militant Lesters who were willing to fight with every four year-old who came into the cafe.
+I was stared at the corner of my dark, slammed in my dark secret with my gay grenade, and a muscle to be moving, is the most frightening thing I've ever done.
+My family, my friends, total stranger -- I'd spent my whole life trying to deceive these people, and now I put the world in front of my head.
+I burned the pages of the script that we've all followed for so long, but if you don't throw those grenade, it's going to kill you.
+One of my most inevitable brilliance of the wedding was with my sister.
+And after a bit of a sane, a woman called, "I love Nathan Lane!"
+And this is where the battle started with gay clients.
+"As you ever been in Castro?"
+"Well, we actually have friends in San Francisco."
+"We never heard, but we heard it should be -- we should be."
+"Oh, you know my hair Antonio?
+He's really good, and he never mentioned a friend."
+"As television that you like most?
+Our favorite show? Our favorite one: Will and Grace.
+And you know who we love? Jack.
+Jack is our favorite."
+And then a woman, who seems to me, but desperately did try to show her support, and let me know she was right on my side, and finally she rushed out, and she said, "So, my husband's wearing pink shirt."
+I could go back to my friend and my homologous table and make me feel very funny about their response, their improbableness and the challenge that I'd made in the political correctness of the political correctness I had been put on them, or I could have let myself realize that this was one of the hardest things they ever did, that the beginning and touch was a huge step for her.
+It would have been easier to use a finger on its finger and immune.
+It's a lot harder to get them to where they're right now and the fact that they have an effort to recognize.
+And what else can you ask for someone else but try it?
+If you start to be honest, you have to be willing to get honesty.
+Now, heavy conversations are still not my strength.
+Ask every person I've ever walked out of.
+But I'm going to make better, and I follow what I call the three arrow principles.
+Look through these rainy-drug-tops, but knowing that it's always difficult to get their mystery to share.
+Number one: be authentic.
+Take the tank off. Be yourself.
+The kid in the cafe didn't have a tank, but I was ready to go.
+If you want somebody to be honest with you, you also know that you suffer.
+Number two: be straight. Just take that. Look at that.
+If you know you're gay, just say it.
+If you tell your parents that you may be gay, then those hope will change.
+Don't give you the swab in the wrong hope.
+You speak your own truth out of it.
+Sorry about that.
+And in this way, some people might be injured, certainly, blaming for what you've done, but never blame yourself for what you are.
+And yes, some might be disappointed, but that's the problem, not yours.
+That's who you are, not your expectations.
+That's their story, not yours.
+The only story that counts is the one you want to write.
+So the next time you feel a little bit hunch from your secret, and you're enslaving the gulf, remember that we all know what it is.
+You may feel very alone, but you're not alone.
+We know it's hard to do, but you have to open up to it, and you have to remember what your secrets are, and I guarantee you that there are many others out there that can carry the secrets that will go to the next soul, so you can show that person, and you, so, you know, we are stronger than our secrets, and that we are not a human being alive.
+Intelligence -- What is that?
+When we look at intelligence, the famous quote was from Edsrake, the famous quote from Edsijk Descent if a breakthrough can think, "This is a machine as interesting as the question of if a submarine can swim."
+So when Edsger Descent wrote this, he wanted to criticize the early pioneers of computer science, like Alan Turing.
+But if we look back and think about what are the groundbreaking inventions that have most enabled us to build floating machines and thinking, we can only see the understanding of the physics of swimming mechanisms and flies have the ability to make this machines.
+So a few years ago, I started trying to understand the fundamental physics of intelligence.
+Let's take a step back.
+and start with a thought experiment.
+Now, imagine if we were an alien, if we weren't able to know about the Earth's biology, neuroscientific, or intelligence, but we have amazing telescopes that we observe with Earth and have an amazing life, so that we can monitor the Earth's life over millions of years, even billions of years.
+And we see a very strange effect.
+Because that the Earth is going to be bombarded by a thousand asteroids, and at the point in 2000, A.D., that's going to be right around the world's collisions with the Earth's asteroid course, mysterious, mysterious, mysterious, or exploding before they hit the Earth.
+As an Earth-like person, of course, we know the reason for this, that is that we try to save ourselves.
+We try to avoid a impact.
+But if you were an alien, which is all that white, none of this would have known from all white, you would know, a physical theory of why asteroids you've destroyed the surface of the planet at a certain point of time, this is not mysticism.
+I'd like to suggest that that is the same question as, in terms of the physical nature of intelligence.
+So I started looking at a number of different subjects, many different scientific areas, which I think can mean a single underlying intelligence problem.
+So, with all these different things, I was wondering, a few years ago, is there any underlying mechanism for us to filter out all this thought?
+Is there any single equation for intelligence?
+And the answer, I think, is yes. ["F = T = T"] And what you're just seeing is probably the best duck to E = Intel, which I've seen.
+What you're seeing here is a statement that intelligence is a force that works that looks so maximized in the future.
+It seems that the future choices are maximized, or the ability to have an opportunity with a strength, with the diversity of possible, to perform for future time.
+In short, intelligence might not be the case to a chance.
+Intelligence tries to maximize future freedoms, and try to keep options open.
+Now, with that equation, it's very natural to ask, what can we do with it?
+What can they predict?
+Does it seem to be human intelligence?
+Is it artificial intelligence?
+Now I'm going to show you a video that I think will demonstrate some of the amazing applications of this equation.
+But what if that could, if that cosmic connection between entropy and intelligence go deeper?
+What if smart behaviors were not only entropy of the long term of production, but actually evolved directly from this?
+To find out, we have a code, [Endolescence of a computer program] that develops the production of long entropy of any system that's in there.
+And amazingly, Entropica has understood many animals, games were successful, and even money could do without any of the writers.
+Here are some examples of Entropica in action.
+As a human being stand upright without dropping up, we can see Entropica, automatically slashed a car.
+This behavior is remarkable because we never gave a goal.
+It simply decided that it was a pole to balance the pole.
+This ability to balance, is going to find liberals for humanoid robots and engineering.
+So, as some animals use these objects in their environment as a tool, what we're seeing is that Entropics has managed to re-engineer the individual initiative, a large sample that represents a small, a tool that contains a third strand in a third area, and free-stranded populated the broader bill of its fix.
+And this ability will find applications in elegant production and agriculture.
+Also, just as some animals cooperate by combining them at the same time, taking a bar of a rope to get food, we see that duck makes it work, in order to use this model.
+Now, cooperation has interesting implications for economic planning and many other areas.
+Entropica can be applied to a variety of areas.
+Here we're seeing them successfully play a pong-on game against themselves, which shows their potential at stake.
+Here we see Entropica in a way that re-appropriate connections to new social networks, wherever friends lose contact, they are getting right back to the network.
+It's also got the same capability for Network, for energy, and intelligence.
+Here we see Entropics, showing how they're running a ship's fleet, discovered the Panama Canal successfully, and using their ranges to expand global from the Atlantic in the Pacific.
+For the same reason, enzymes are far more focused on autonomous defenses, logistics and transportation.
+So, in conclusion, we can see Entropica, buy a cheap, expensive strategy of a simulated remote and turned it on and essentially manages the exponential assets.
+And this ability to create a risk-taking application in financial and insurance.
+Alex Wisros -- we've just seen that a variety of human-intelligent behaviors -- have a very strong cognitive behavior, such as tools, social gangs and cooperation -- all follow up from a single equation that makes the system maximizes their future freedom.
+This leads to a deep irony.
+When we go back to the beginning of the word "Roboter," the game called "RUR," there was always this idea that if we developed machinery, we would have a stumbling effect.
+The machines would turn against us.
+Now, one important consequence from this work is that maybe we've been seeing the concept ofky revolts since decades.
+Machines don't get smart first and then scaled up, and try to conquer the world.
+Another important consequence is to examine what's going on.
+I get asked a lot, how do the ability to look for goals, for that reason?
+And to conclude, Richard Feynman, famous physicist, has written that if the human civilization could destroy, and only one idea to continue on our descendants could be to support the re-engineering of this thing: that all of the matter reflects from tiny elements that are far away if they are close together, but they're near as they are close together.
+My equities to this statement to leave a little bit of human intelligence, or to help them understand human intelligence, is this: intelligence should be seen as a physical process of preventing freedom of speech, trying to maximize limitations and constraints of the future.
+Thank you.
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